{
    "Contributors": [
        "Mirali Purohit"
    ],
    "Source": [
        "race"
    ],
    "URL": [
        "http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~glai1/data/race/)"
    ],
    "Categories": [
        "Question Generation"
    ],
    "Reasoning": [],
    "Definition": [
        "In this task, you're given an article and an answer. Your task is to generate the question for the answer based on the given article."
    ],
    "Input_language": [
        "English"
    ],
    "Output_language": [
        "English"
    ],
    "Instruction_language": [
        "English"
    ],
    "Domains": [
        "English Exams"
    ],
    "Positive Examples": [
        {
            "input": "Article: There are a lot of public libraries in Britain. These libraries have more than one hundred and fifteen million books, not including those libraries of public schools. Public libraries not only lend books, music records but also help children, patients in hospitals and others to get special play readings, film shows and so on. The first public libraries were founded in about the year 1850. Today's public libraries usually have a reading-room, a lending room and a reference room. The greatest and most famous library in Britain is that of the British Library in London. It was founded in 1973 and has over 10, 000, 000 books. It has nearly every magazine, newspaper and book published in Britain and other parts across the world. \n Answer: 10,000,000 or less.",
            "output": "How many books are there in the British Library?",
            "explanation": "In the Article, 10,000,000 is mentioned for the number of books available in the British Library, so this is a good question."
        },
        {
            "input": "Article: Every day when I enter the classroom, I will take a look at the wall beside my seat. You will find nothing special about this old wall if you just look at it. But for the students in my class, it is a special wall. Take a good look at it, and you will get to know the real feelings and thoughts of us, the 9th graders. In the middle of the wall, there is a big \"VICTORY\". It was written in pencil. I guess it must have been written by someone who got a good mark in an exam. A little higher above the formulas, there is a poem. It only has two sentences. It reads: All those sweet memories have disappeared. Like tears dropping in the heavy rain.           Oh! It must have been written at the end of the last semester in middle school. Classmates had to leave school and good friends had to _ . What a sad poem! If you \"explore\" the wall more carefully, you will find many other interesting things, like a crying face, or a happy face, and other patterns . There are still some patterns and letters that I can't understand, but they all show the feeling of the students who drew them. For years, the wall has witnessed  all the things that have happened in the classroom. I don't know how it will be next year, two years from now, or even ten years from now. But I hope more smiling faces will be drawn on it. \n Answer: At the end of the last semester.",
            "output": "When has the poem been written?",
            "explanation": "It is directly mentioned in the article that it must have been written at the end of the last semester."
        },
        {
            "input": "Article: Lawmakers in the United States have expanded an investigation into the use of location-tracking systems on mobile devices. The action follows recent reports about the storing of information on the Apple iPhone. Some people consider location tracking to be a threat to personal privacy and security. Allan Friedman, the research director, says, \"All wireless companies do some location tracking as part of their networks. This information is usually stored by the companies, not the devices, and there are laws to protect it. Law enforcement  agencies, for example, have to have a fairly high standard before it can access that data. And the phone company is also prohibited from selling that information. Now, two researchers report that location tracking information is being stored directly on Apple devices. They said Apple's newest operating systems gather global positioning system and timestamp information. The information is stored on the device in a file that is also uploaded   to any computer that the device is connected to. The researchers say the information is available to anyone who has access to the device or computer. Allan Friedman says, \"This raises additional concerns. There's the idea that because it's on my phone and on my computer, rogue applications  that I pay for or that I'm tricked into downloading may be able to access this data and somehow misuse it.\" Apple says it is \"not tracking the location of your iPhone\". It is simply keeping a database of Wi-Fi hotspots and cell phone towers near the user's location. This information is meant to help the iPhone quickly find its location when needed.\nLetters have been sent to some of the leading mobile device developers, including Apple and Google. The letters asked for more information about their location tracking systems. Allan Friedman calls this an important start to strengthening privacy laws. He says, \"There aren't strong controls over things like location information, what they are doing with it, how long they are keeping it. And perhaps the most important question is, is my location data with other facts about me?\" \n Answer: Because it is thought to threaten users' privacy.",
            "output": "Why did American lawmakers investigate the use of location-tracking systems on cell-phones?",
            "explanation": "As mentioned in the first line of article that location-tracking systems on mobile devices (Apple iphone); some people consider this to be a threat to personal privacy and security."
        }
    ],
    "Negative Examples": [
        {
            "input": "Article: There are a lot of public libraries in Britain. These libraries have more than one hundred and fifteen million books, not including those libraries of public schools. Public libraries not only lend books, music records but also help children, patients in hospitals and others to get special play readings, film shows and so on. The first public libraries were founded in about the year 1850. Today's public libraries usually have a reading-room, a lending room and a reference room. The greatest and most famous library in Britain is that of the British Library in London. It was founded in 1973 and has over 10, 000, 000 books. It has nearly every magazine, newspaper and book published in Britain and other parts across the world. \n Answer: 10,000,000 or less.",
            "output": "How many books are there in the Indian Museum?",
            "explanation": "Article talks about the public library in the Britain and it does not mention Indian Museum anywhere."
        },
        {
            "input": "Article: Every day when I enter the classroom, I will take a look at the wall beside my seat. You will find nothing special about this old wall if you just look at it. But for the students in my class, it is a special wall. Take a good look at it, and you will get to know the real feelings and thoughts of us, the 9th graders. In the middle of the wall, there is a big \"VICTORY\". It was written in pencil. I guess it must have been written by someone who got a good mark in an exam. A little higher above the formulas, there is a poem. It only has two sentences. It reads: All those sweet memories have disappeared. Like tears dropping in the heavy rain.           Oh! It must have been written at the end of the last semester in middle school. Classmates had to leave school and good friends had to _ . What a sad poem! If you \"explore\" the wall more carefully, you will find many other interesting things, like a crying face, or a happy face, and other patterns . There are still some patterns and letters that I can't understand, but they all show the feeling of the students who drew them. For years, the wall has witnessed  all the things that have happened in the classroom. I don't know how it will be next year, two years from now, or even ten years from now. But I hope more smiling faces will be drawn on it. \n Answer: At the end of the last semester.",
            "output": "When has the poem been written on blackboard?",
            "explanation": "Poem was not written on the blackboard, it was written on wall of the classroom."
        },
        {
            "input": "Article: Lawmakers in the United States have expanded an investigation into the use of location-tracking systems on mobile devices. The action follows recent reports about the storing of information on the Apple iPhone. Some people consider location tracking to be a threat to personal privacy and security. Allan Friedman, the research director, says, \"All wireless companies do some location tracking as part of their networks. This information is usually stored by the companies, not the devices, and there are laws to protect it. Law enforcement  agencies, for example, have to have a fairly high standard before it can access that data. And the phone company is also prohibited from selling that information. Now, two researchers report that location tracking information is being stored directly on Apple devices. They said Apple's newest operating systems gather global positioning system and timestamp information. The information is stored on the device in a file that is also uploaded   to any computer that the device is connected to. The researchers say the information is available to anyone who has access to the device or computer. Allan Friedman says, \"This raises additional concerns. There's the idea that because it's on my phone and on my computer, rogue applications  that I pay for or that I'm tricked into downloading may be able to access this data and somehow misuse it.\" Apple says it is \"not tracking the location of your iPhone\". It is simply keeping a database of Wi-Fi hotspots and cell phone towers near the user's location. This information is meant to help the iPhone quickly find its location when needed.\nLetters have been sent to some of the leading mobile device developers, including Apple and Google. The letters asked for more information about their location tracking systems. Allan Friedman calls this an important start to strengthening privacy laws. He says, \"There aren't strong controls over things like location information, what they are doing with it, how long they are keeping it. And perhaps the most important question is, is my location data with other facts about me?\" \n Answer: Because it is thought to threaten users' privacy.",
            "output": "Why did Europeans lawmakers investigate the use of location-tracking systems on cell-phones?",
            "explanation": "Europeans lawmakers did not investigate, but the American lawmakers investigated."
        },
        {
            "input": "Article: Talk about a real-life hero! Ten-year-old Larry Champagne from St. Louis, Missouri, hit the brake   on a runaway school bus. He saved himself and 20 other kids on board from disaster. It all happened in one terrible accident. On the way to school, the bus driver, Ernestine Blackman, suddenly fell ill. Seeing the car was running away, the other kids started to scream, but Larry ran to the front and stopped the bus. \"At first I thought, 'We're going to die,'\" says Larry, \"but after I pressed the brake, I felt safe.\" Larry's speedy reaction made news all over the country. He appeared on TV shows as a hero. The bus company gave Larry a big gift. His school hung a medal of honor around his neck. \"My grandmother always tells me to do what's right,\" says Larry. He thanked his brother, Jerrick, 9, who \"helped me get the bus driver up\" during the emergency. How did he know how to stop the bus? _ . He helps his grandfather work on his old truck. \"He gets his hands dirty,\" says his grandfather. One thing is for certain: Larry knows where to find the brakes. \n Answer: He pressed the brake.",
            "output": "What did Larry do?",
            "explanation": "This question is too general for the given answer. The better question would be: What did Larry do to save the runaway bus?"
        }
    ],
    "Instances": [
        {
            "id": "task311-12fb1660adb049bb99d97e15a910724d",
            "input": "Article: Discover Artistic Talents across the Country Redtory, Guangzhou Redtory, established in 2009, is a spacious art district often referred to as Guangzhou's 798. Made up of more than 30 old halls, mostly buildings of red brick, the place was originally built in 1956 as Chinese largest can factory. Some of the rusty machines from the old factory have been kept as art equipment, giving the zone an old charm. Where: No. 128 Yuancun Siheng Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou Opening hours: Mon-Sun 10:30 am-9 pm Tank Loft, Chongqing This 12,000-square-meter art center was established on the site of a used military tank warehouse . It is the largest contemporary art base in western China, featuring modern exhibition, galleries, design studios and art bookstores. The art zone is located on the campus of the Sichuan Fine Arts Institute and was created by the school in the early 2000s. Where: No. 108 Huangjueping Center Street, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing Opening hours: 9 am-5 pm(closed Mondays) M50, Shanghai M50, also known as 50 Moganshan Road, is the center of Shanghai's contemporary art scene, with more than 100 artists whose studios are open to the public. This district, on the bank of Suzhou Creek, was previously a textile factory until it seized production in 1999. Xue Song, a Shanghai artist, was the first to establish a studio there in 2002. Where: No. 50 Moganshan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai Opening hours: 10 am-5 pm(closed Mondays) 798 Art Zone, Beijing Attracted by ordered designing, convenient traffic and unique style of Bauhaus architecture, art organizations and artists have crowded in the vacant plants and transformed them since 2001, gradually forming a district gathered galleries, art studios, cultural companies, fashion shops etc. As the earliest area where the organizations and artists moved in located in the original area of 798 factory, this place was named as Beijing 798 Art Zone. Where: No. 4 Jiuxianqiao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing Opening hours: 10 am-6 pm \n Answer: Redtory, Guangzhou.",
            "output": [
                "If you are going to visit an art zone at 7pm, which one can you go to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-615e4f87ac1748b4be79f585818e9cbb",
            "input": "Article: Finally, I entered the university. Because of my careful savings, I                did not have to work during the school year. Then, summer came and it was time to work harder than ever.  I continued working as a waitress at night, instructed tennis camps several mornings a week and worked as a secretary for a few hours in the afternoons. I even decided to take a class at a community  college. This class at the community college saved me $650. It was an extremely tiring summer and made me anxious to return to my relatively easy life at the university. During my second and third years of undergraduate schooling, I decided to work about five hours per week in the campus   admissions office answering phones. This provided a little spending money and kept me from drawing my savings out. The overall situation looked hopeful as I approached my senior year as long as I could make as much money as I had the previous summer. I wanted to go to Israel to study for 3 weeks, but I hesitated in making this decision because it would cost me $1 600 more to get the credits in Israel. About two weeks later my Mom called to tell me that I had$1 600 in the bank that I had forgotten about! One of my concerns about this trip was not only the cost, but the loss of time to make money; however, I made as much that summer in the ten weeks when I was at home as I had made during the fourteen weeks when I was at home the summer before. The way everything worked together to make this trip possible was one of the most exciting things that have ever happened to me. This experience has shaped me in many important ways. The first thing that I learned was the importance of a strong work ethic  . Working long hours did a lot to develop my character and helped me learn the value of a dollar. It also made me learn how to search for creative ways to settle difficult situations. \n Answer: In a restaurant.",
            "output": [
                "Where did the writer probably work parttime before attending the university?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19f21aa0dc664107bb94ce81462716a9",
            "input": "Article: Dear son, The day that you see me old and I am already not in good health, have patience and try to understand me. If I get dirty when eating, if I can not dress, have patience and remember the hours I spent teaching it to you. If, when I speak to you, I repeat the same things thousand and one times, do not interrupt me, listen to me. When you were small, I had to read to you thousand and one times the same story until you got to sleep. When I do not want to have a shower, neither shame me nor scold me. Remember when I had to chase you with thousand excuses I invented, in order that you wanted to breathe. When you see my knowing little about new technologies, give me the necessary time and do not look at me with your mocking  smile. I taught you how to do so many things: to eat good, to dress well, to confront life... When at some moment I lose the memory or the thread of our conversation, let me have the necessary time to remember, and if I cannot do it, do not become nervous, as the most important thing is not our conversation but surely to be with you and to have you listening to me. If ever I do not want to eat, do not force me. I know well when I need to and when not. When my tired legs do not allow me to walk, give me your hand, the same way I did when you made your first step. And when someday I say to you that I do not want to live anymore--that I want to rest forever, do not get angry. Someday you will understand. Try to understand that _ . Some day you will discover that, despite my mistakes, I always wanted the best thing for you and that I tried to prepare the way for you. You must not feel sad, angry or impotent for seeing me near you. You must be next to me, try to understand me and to help me as I did it when you starting living. I will pay you by a smile and by the immense love I have had always for you. \n Answer: \" Help to end my way with your love and patience.\"",
            "output": [
                "What does the father mainly want to say to his son in short?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-498297c9163049d898181f82ed15872f",
            "input": "Article: A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world's people may not have enough water by the year 2025. An American organization called Population Action International did the new study. It was more than three hundred and thirty-five million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty-eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or in the Middle East. Population Action International researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three thousand million people lack water. At least 18 more countries are expected to have serious water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on the earth the same. Mr Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing in these countries will continue to increase. The report says lack of water in the future may result several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking water is not safe. Mr Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases such as cholera that are carried in water. Lack of water also may result in more international conflict. Countries may have to fight for water in the future. Some countries, such as Syria, Sudan, Cambodia, and so on, now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability to improve their economies. This is because industries often need a large amount of water. The Population Action International study gives several ways to solve the water problem. One way is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third is to use less water for agriculture. The report also says long-term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population growth. \n Answer: At least forty-six",
            "output": [
                "According to the report, how many countries will lack water by the year 2025?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1e535737340340d98a83ea7a98a84402",
            "input": "Article: We've all heard the phrase \"love is patient\", but one couple in prefix = st1 /Michigan, took this phrase to a whole new level. On Monday, February 13, Willard Mason sat down to talk about his relationship with the love he lost more than 60 years ago. Good fortune and fate recently helped the couple reunite. In 1941, Willard Mason and Llah Ost, both senior 2 students, became engaged to be married and began planning their lives together. But Willard moved away to work at Willow Run Bomber Plant, where he met and fell in love with a woman named Helvi. He broke off his long distance engagement to Llah and married Helvi in 1942. Llah later found love with someone else. Both had happy marriages and raised families.  Then, in 2003, Helvi died. A year later, Willard found himself back in his hometown, where by chance, he ran into Llah's brother. He informed Willard of the death of Llah's husband, and encouraged him to call her.  After that first phone call, the couple began dating. Willard made the drive from his home near Houghton Lake to Llah's home in Adrian. On one such trip, he blacked out, and his car hit a tree. He was rushed to a hospital, where tests showed that he needed a new pacemaker . Willard moved closer to Adrianand asked Llah to move in with him. She gladly accepted. \"We get along perfectly,\" Willard told AZ Central on Monday. \"We've never had an argument, she's a great cook, and she takes care of me.\"  Although both Willard and Llah are saddened by the 62 years they spent without each other, neither seem to have any regrets. Willard told AZ Central, \"You don't know how our lives might have turned out if we'd gotten married in 1941, but now she has a wonderful family, and so do I.\" \n Answer: To win love needs a good-natured tolerance  of waiting.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer probably mean by saying the phrase \"love is patient\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-621280d09f424bcdb2c02603a3789e09",
            "input": "Article: British newspapers are among the oldest and most famous in the world. But recently big changes have seen these traditional publications try to fit the modern world. After 221 years, The Times has changed its size to become much smaller. In fact, the paper has cut its size in half from a broadsheet to tabloid .  In prefix = st1 /Britainthe newspaper market is divided between the larger broadsheets and the smaller tabloids. These terms refer to the size of the papers' pages but there is also a clear difference in content. Broadsheets such as The Times, the Guardian and Daily Telegraph are serious papers. They cover a broad range of political, economic and international issues. Their stories are also reasonably long and use quite formal language. Tabloids have far more stories about less serious issues such as celebrities' love lives. Their stories are shorter and use more simple language. Tabloids often have bigger pictures. Britain's best-selling newspaper, the Sun, is a tabloid and has a naked girl on Page Three every day. By changing to the size of a tabloid, The Times is following in the footsteps of a less famous broadsheet paper the Independent . It changed to tabloid last year and saw its sales increase greatly. Although both papers have switched to the smaller size the content of the papers has remained the same. They are both still serious papers.  The two papers claim that people find the smaller size easier to handle when they travel to work on the bus or the train in the morning. Instead of calling the new style of their paper tabloid, the paper says its new size is \"compact\" . \n Answer: 1786",
            "output": [
                "In which year was The Times born?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4ecf818d5a124bf48af56903fb2b9e13",
            "input": "Article: Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours   in life than by the narrow road toward goals.I like this image.But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words. For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents' home in Boise in nine hours.We traveled the way most people do:the fastest,shortest,easiest road,especially when I was alone with four noisy,restless kids who hate confinement   and have strong opinions about everything. Road trips felt risky,so I would drive fast,stopping only when I had to.We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired. But then Banner,our lamb was born.He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise.I had two choices:leave Banner with my husband,or take him with me.My husband made the decision for me. That is how I found myself on the road with four kids,a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through.We took the country roads out of necessity.We had to stop every hour,let Banner shake out his legs and feed him.The kids chased him and one another.They'd get back in the car breathless and energized,smelling fresh from the cold air. We explored side roads,catching grasshoppers in waisthigh grass.Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother,or fish leaping out of the water,it was better than the best ride down the freeway.Here was life.And new horizons  . We eventually arrived at my parents' doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories. I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique.On an empty section of road,everyone started quarreling.I stopped the car,ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead.I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence. Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight.But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey-and the best part of yourself. \n Answer: It would be faster and safer.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author use to take freeways to her parents'home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e7bf0eab76fd4cb48a624cfaa69542a9",
            "input": "Article: Many people hate wet, sticky August, but to some, it's an especially bitter time. A new working paper finds that, March and August are the months in which divorce filings peak. For the paper, the University of Washington's Brian Serafini and Julie Brines analyzed the most recent years of divorce filings in Washington and drew their conclusion: divorce rises sharply in March and August. The result is supported by some nation-wide, anecdotal evidence. Online searches for \"divorce\" and \"child custody\"  dramatically grow early in the year, peaking in March, they point out. The authors guess that unhappily married couples schedule their divorce filings around both the winter holidays and Valentine's Day, as well as summer vacations. (More Americans vacation m July than any other month.) There are a few explanations why people might time their marital dissolutions this way, It might just be too difficult to announce a divorce around family-oriented Christmas time, especially if there are kids involved, so many couples weigh the decision to divorce around the new year and progress from there. February is a period in which couples tend to look around for representation on legal sites. And by March, they're prepared to file for divorce. But the authors think the more likely reason is that people decide their differences are irreconcilable right after a big trip. It could be that people don't want to ruin a family getaway, or that vacations are so stressful that they drive the already-dissatisfied to divorce. (\"I told you to pack your suitcase last night; now we've missed the train!\") Then there's the \"broken promise\" theory. \"6People are discontent with their marriages, they look at vacation as an opportunity to give it one last shot, and what they were hoping would happen didn't occur,\" explained Brines, an associate professor of sociology. It's not you; in other words, it's your failure to print the boarding passes. \n Answer: Conflicts in marriage tend to get more serious during Christmas.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can support Brian and Julie's conclusion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-82af494f256c4d039e06736e105abb1d",
            "input": "Article: Joe Temper should have known better. After all, he works for a large auto insurance company. It won't hurt to leave the key in the truck this once, he thought, as he filled his gas tank at a self-service gas station. But minutes later, as he was paying the money, he saw the truck being driven away. In 2010, 1.6 million motor vehicles were stolen in the United States --one every 20 seconds. If present trends continue, experts predict vehicle thefts   could be over two million every year by the end of the decade. Vehicle theft is a common phenomenon, which has a direct effect on over four million people a year. The cost is astonishing. Many police officials blame professional thieves for the large number of the thefts. It is a major moneymaker for organized crime. Typically, stolen cars are taken to pieces and the parts sold to individuals. But as many as 200,000 cars are smuggled    out of  the country every year. Most go to Latin America, the Middle East and Europe. Only about 15 percent car thefts result in an arrest, because few police departments specially conduct in depth auto investigations. When thieves are arrested, judges will often sentence them to probation  , not immediately put them in prison because the prisons are overcrowded with violent criminals. One exception is a Michigan program that calls for 92 police officers to work full time on the state's 65,000 car theft cases a year. Since 2006, when the effort began, the state's auto theft rate has fallen from second in the nation to ninth. How can you protect your car? If you live in a high theft area or drive an expensive model, consider a safety system. It may cost anywhere from $ 25 to $ 1,000. Some systems work automatically - simply removing the key disables the fuel pump and the starter. When cars are equipped with such systems, thefts may drop by one third. In some states, you may be able to use a device that transmits radio signals, allowing stolen cars to be tracked by police. \n Answer: He should have shut down the engine of his car.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think Joe Temper should be to blame for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3fb639c7f05e4ef692cbf82dd3a1e865",
            "input": "Article: Microblogging is a broadcast medium in the form of blogging. A microblog differs from a traditional blog in that its content is typically much smaller, in both actual size and aggregate file size. Microblogs \"allow users to exchange small elements of content such as short sentences, individual images, or video links\". As with traditional blogging, microbloggers post about topics ranging from the simple, such as \"what I'm doing right now,\" to the thematic , such as \"sports cars.\" Commercial microblogs also exist, to promote   websites, services and/or products, and to promote collaboration within an organization. Some microblogging services offer features such as privacy settings, which allow users to control who can read their microblogs, or other ways of publishing rights besides entering the web-based interface.  These may include text messaging, E-mail, or digital audio. The first microblogs were known as tumblelogs. The term was invented in a blog post on April 12, 2005. However, by 2006 and 2007, the term microblog came into greater usage for such services provided by Tumbler and Twitter. Other leading social networking websites Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn, and XING also have their own microblogging features, better known as status updates. Several studies, especially by Harvard Business School have tried to analyze the usage behavior of Microblogging services. Many of these studies show that for services such as Twitter, there is a small group of active users contributing to most of the activity. Twitter, Facebook and other microblogging services are also becoming a platform for marketing and public relations, with a sharp growth in the number of social media marketers. The Sysomos study shows that this specific group of marketers on Twitter is much more active than general user population, with 15% following more than 2,000 people. \n Answer: Because a microblog can only be written on the cell-phones.",
            "output": [
                "Why is a microblog different from a traditional blog?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cd8c03aa883f4e8ba6cbdaeebe919bc7",
            "input": "Article: STRANGERS parties go wild these days. The main idea of them is to never let the people know who their matches are until the last minute. These are some popular practices that are storming the world's youth on this V-day. Speed dating It's exactly what the name implies. Complete with a timer, a whistle and 50 willing singles, speed dating is not the traditional dinner and a movie type of first date. Singles pay US $35 for three minutes with more than two dozen future dates. They ask questions and try to get to know each other. At the sound of a whistle, they do the same thing all over again--25 times in all. Lock and key party Women are given a lock and men are given a key, upon arriving at the party. Each key and lock has several matches. One can hunt for his/her later-to-be sweetheart in various groups, and try out the key or lock. Each time a lock and key match the pair are entered into a ballot  for top prizes! Dinner in the dark Waiters wearing night vision glasses guide the guests through the pitch-black dining room. They are seated at the table and familiarized with the wine glass and plate. Food is handled with the fingers. People will not see the food they are eating or the guests at their table until the dessert course. At that moment, dining partners will appear. Message party Have A Cocktail, Leave A Message! When you arrive, you get a tag with a number and a pad of post-it notes. If you see someone you like, write a message on the message board. But wait... You've got a message... Go and collect it! You can make new friends and win lots of gifts. The more messages you leave on the bulletin board, the more chances you have of winning prizes. \n Answer: All the parties are suitable not only for the young but for the old.",
            "output": [
                "What do you think the similarities of these parties are?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0477aba386ae4216910179d97bfc2861",
            "input": "Article: When she looked ahead, Florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid wall of fog. Her body was numb .She had been swimming for nearly sixteen hours. Already she was the first woman to swim the English Channel in both directions. Now, at age 34,her goal was to become the first woman to swim from Catalina Island to the California coast. On that fourth of July morning in 1952,the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so thick that she could hardly see her support boats. Sharks swam toward her lone figure, only to be driven away by rifle shots. Against the frigid grip of the sea, she struggled on--hour after hour--while millions watched on national television. Alongside Florence in one of the boats , her mother and her trainer offered encouragement. They told her it wasn't much farther. But all she could see was fog. They urged her not to give up.  _ With only a half mile to go, she asked to be pulled out. Still thawing her chilled body several hours later, she told a reporter,\" Look, I'm not excusing myself, but if I could have seen land I might have made it.\" It was not fatigue or even the cold water that defeated her .It was the fog. She was unable to see her goal. Two months later, she tried again. This time ,despite the same dense fog, she swam with her faith intact and her goal clearly pictured in her mind. She knew that somewhere behind that fog was land and this time she made it! Florence Chadwick became the first woman to swim the Catalina Channel, eclipsing the men's record by two hours! \n Answer: Because the sea water was too cold.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't Florence swim across the Catalina Channel for the first time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73a965abcdc742e091c67a6afe8503fa",
            "input": "Article: It's a fact that we all dream. Some dreams seem to last for hours, others only for seconds. Some of us have strange dreams, some have interesting dreams, and some of us have unpleasant dreams. Tests in the 1980s showed that these dreams occur within 90-minute cycles, each cycle made up of six stages. In the last stage people experience rapid eye movement, known as REM, and it is in this stage that dreaming takes place. Eighty percent of people who were woken during this sixth stage could easily remember their dreams. On the other hand, when during the first five stages (NREM), only seven percent could describe a dream. However, of these same people woken during the first five stages, 74% were able to remember thinking activity, although they would not call it a dream. NerysDee, who has written about dreams in a book called \"Your Dreams and What They Mean\" says: \"Perhaps during NREM sleep we are sorting out our outer mundane problems, but in REM sleep we are dealing with inside matters.\" She also makes the following statement about 90-minute cycle: It may also prove the reason why _ who wake in the middle of the night find it impossible to get to sleep again for at least an hour and a half. In other words, until they have missed out one complete 90-minute sleep period. \n Answer: Some people have long dreams and others have very short ones.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about dreams is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2dde8c91d50e4808b9e5d6aca8e5552e",
            "input": "Article: Nathan's second-hand bike was good enough to get him anywhere he wanted to go. Of course, it couldn't match Tim's in a normal speed race, but all the fancy gears   in the world wouldn't get you up Black Mountain. It was so steep in places that you had to get off your bike and push.  On this particular afternoon, the odds were all on Nathan's side. First, he was stronger. Tim had always been thin, but recently he'd started to grow so fast that his arms and legs were like pieces of spaghetti. As well as being considerably fitter than his friend, Nathan knew the shortcuts up prefix = st1 /BlackMountain.  So when Nathan accepted the challenge, he was sure he'd win. He nearly always did, in competitions with Tim. That was what was strange. Tim was so competitive, and yet he wasn't any good at physical things.  By the time the two boys were three quarters of the way to the top, Nathan was clearly ahead. While the road zigzagged back and forth up the mountainside, in certain places, there were also vertical tracks, where water rushing down the slope in winter had bitten erosion courses into the soil. These had in turn been so overgrown by bushes and long grass in the spring that they looked like tunnels through the bush. The trick was to know where you could cut off a whole bend in the road by leaving the road and pushing your bike up one of these half-hidden pathways. If you chose the wrong one you'd struggle up for ten minutes and then suddenly reach a dead end. Then there was no choice but to go back. \n Answer: race to the top of BlackMountain",
            "output": [
                "What did Tim challenge Nathan to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-09e0124684cb4468b2c4356493f9a34a",
            "input": "Article: Mo Yan, whose primitive name is Guan Moye, was awarded the Nobel Literature Prize on October 11, 2012.\"Chinese author Mo Yan today won the Nobel Literature Prize for writing that mixes folk tales, history and the contemporary,\" the Swedish Academy announced.\"Through a mixture of fantasy and reality,  historical and social perspectives,  Mo Yan has created a world reminiscent in its complexity of those in the writing of William Faulkner and Gabriel Garcia Marques,  at the same time finding a departure point in old Chinese literature and in oral tradition,\"  the Swedish Academy said Mo Yan began writing in 1981 and he has published novels, short stories and essays on various topic,  and despite his social criticism is seen in his homeland as one of the foremost contemporary authors, the Nobel Committee noted,  In his writing Mo Yan draws on his youthful experiences and on settings in the province of his birth. He is the first Chinese resident to win the prize,  who is a novelist and a short story writer, born on 17th February 1955, in Gaomi County, Shandong Province.His novel The Frog won the Mao Dun Literature Prize in 2011.  His works are deeply impacted by the magic realism that he creates unique subject feeling world by fantastical narration in bus novels.Some people may not know who Mo Yan is before,  but they must know some of his works.For example, a famous film directed by Zhang Yimou that won the Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival in 1988  was adapted from his novel Red Sorghum which was a tale of the brutal violence in the eastern China  countryside, where he grew up, during the 1920s and 1930s. \n Answer: History and the contemporary",
            "output": [
                "Which novel of Mo Yan won the Mao Dun Literature Prize in 2011?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-509c7710c3ff42f4b77ec8b79eb65167",
            "input": "Article: The day the letter arrived from my university telling me how much I owed them for my first semester, I felt a lump forming in my throat. I hadn't even started my degree and already I was in debt. But although the sum was unsettling, I had peace of mind: I had taken out a loan that would cover the next three years of tuition fees and living expenses. A government body in the UK, the Student Loans Company, provides loans to students whose parents cannot afford to cover the costs themselves. Students forward this amount to the university in advance and agree to repay the loan when they begin their first job. For me, it was a lot of money -around &6,000(60,860 Yuan) per year in total -and much more than I had ever been responsible for. I would receive a couple of thousand pounds per semester -half for tuition fees, half for living costs.  Even though I will be paying off my debt for a long time, I don't regret my decision.  Having a loan taught me a lot about money management, which I would not have learned otherwise. Each term I paid my tuition fees in one payment, but I also received my loan for living costs in one payment. It was up to me to organize how I would spend this.  I divided the amount to calculate my weekly budget and it was important that I tried not to overspend. I had to be disciplined and keep a close eye on my expenditure. Food, clothes and going out are the main things students spend money on.  With a loan, students have total financial freedom. Instead of having someone looking over their shoulder, they must make every financial decision for themselves.  This year, university fees were tripled. But when it comes to money management, perhaps this generation will be the smartest yet. \n Answer: Stressed.",
            "output": [
                "How did the writer feel when the letter arrived?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-378fdf4ae39b4718af4c3e3d64604b9a",
            "input": "Article: As shocking as the idea of baby birds growing up in a cigarette-filled home sounds, a new study suggests that some birds may benefit from putting the stuff from cigarette butts   into their nests. The nicotine remaining in smoked filters   may serve as a natural insecticide  , driving harmful insects away from the nests and the baby birds living within. Tobacco plants produce nicotine because it defends against insects that would otherwise eat the plants.               The butts are undoubtedly smelly. But birds are actually quite fond of smelly chemicals, such as those found in aromatic   plants. Some nest-building species regularly fill their nests with fresh aromatics, possibly because the chemicals are good for the immune system or the development of the chicks. Alternatively, the plant chemicals might act as insecticides.               In the study, researchers at the Autonomous University of Tlaxcala in Mexico set up heat traps, which attract harmful insects, in 55 nests around Mexico City. Some traps were lined with the stuff in smoked cigarette filters. The others were lined with the stuff from unsmoked cigarette filters, which did not contain nicotine and other smoking by-products. Whether the nest held eggs, chicks or nothing, the unsmoked cigarette traps collected more harmful insects, suggesting that it is the chemicals that drove harmful insects away.               In a second experiment, the researchers collected 28 house sparrow nests and 29 house finch   nests from Mexico City immediately after the chicks flew out for food. They found that the more smoked filter stuff filled a nest, the fewer harmful insects it had.               The missing piece of the puzzle is whether the reduced number of harmful insects in the nests actually provided any benefit to the chicks. It is also unclear if nicotine or another chemical found in cigarettes may have turned the harmful insects out of the nests.               If the results hold, then this study is an example of wildlife adaptation to urbanization - or at least evidence that birds are smart and can still follow their noses in urban environments. \n Answer: To drive harmful insects away from bird nests.",
            "output": [
                "What may be the function of nicotine in cigarette butts for birds?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72a406b079394462968203fe8c657fe3",
            "input": "Article: Bungee jumping is an activity about jumping from a tall structure while connected to a large elastic cord . The tall structure is usually a fixed object, such as a building, bridge or crane; but it is also possible to jump from a movable object, such as a hot-air balloon or helicopter, that has the ability to stay over one place on the ground; fixed-wing aircraft are unsuitable because they only stay high when moving quickly forward. When the person jumps, the cord stretches to absorb  the energy of the fall, then the jumper flies upwards again as the cord jumps back. The jumper oscillates up and down until all the energy is used up. The word bungee first appeared around 1930 and was the name for a rubber eraser. The first modern bungee jumps were made on 1 April 1979 from the 250-foot Clifton Suspension Bridge in Bristol, by David Kirk, Chris Baker and Alan Weston of the Dangerous Sports Club. The jumpers continued with jumps in the US from the Golden Gate and Royal Gorge bridges, spreading the concept worldwide. By 1982 they were jumping from mobile cranes and hot-air balloons. Later they put on commercial shows, which began in 1986. As with any sport, injuries can still happen, and there have been deaths. A relatively common mistake in the cases that may cause death is to use a cord that is too long. The cord should be fully shorter than the height of the jumping place to allow it room to jumper either starts to slow down or keeps speeding up depending upon the speed of falling. \n Answer: The fixed-wing aircraft",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT suitable for bungee jumping?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6027b791f62b4e95bc20e2f8ece26cdd",
            "input": "Article: In the US and Britain, the slogan around colleges was \"Save water. Shower with a friend.\" Now, Wuhan University has come up with another system for the campus bathhouse. It charges students for the amount of time in a shower. Before entering the bathhouse, students pay for the amount of time they want in the shower with cash or their student ID card. The clock starts ticking the minute the tape is turned on. It pauses when a button is pressed for soap. An integrated circuit (IC) card reader at each tap shows the time. No money, no water. The benefits of the new system can be seen with the old system, which charged 1 Yuan for each person regardless of time in the shower. The university used about 320 tons of water daily under the old system, but only 160 tons now. Many students use the new system but opinions on it are divided. Some students say it is bad because bathing had become a sort of race. Many people using it for the first time are not sure how long they need to shower. Some might be embarrassed if their time is up and they're still covered in soap. They have to ask the bathhouse worker to help them buy extra time. \"It's a _ in the system that you can not buy extra time on the ID card,\" said Ren, a freshman in Wuhan University. The university is also considering some students' suggestions that they be allowed to pay after they've finished the shower. Not surprisingly, some are complaining about losing the hour shower. But many students say the move helps them develop a water-saving sense. Without the time limits, most students tended to shower for 30 to an hour in the bathhouse. Some even used the hot water to wash their clothes. \"In my experience, 10--20 minutes is enough,\" said Dai Zhihua, a third-year student who usually takes 8 minutes. A similar system has been installed in other universities. Shanghai Normal University introduced it at its Fengxiang Campus in September. The bathing fee there is 0.2 Yuan per minute. One male student responded by setting a record with a two-minute shower. \n Answer: Having finished bathing, the student has to pay for it.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c8c2625fa70f41f7a98895b0e0c82cba",
            "input": "Article: Hundreds of students from around the world gathered in New York City last week for the Microsoft Imagine Cup finals. They came to present their ideas for using technology to solve world problems. Microsoft education director Suzi Levine says the nine-year-old program began mainly as a competition to create technology. SUZI LEVINE: \"When we realized that students really actually want to have a purpose for what they're creating, we introduced the idea of inspiring them with the UN Millennium Development Goals and suggesting that they use those for their muse . \"This past year we also rolled out something called the Imagine Cup Solve This library , where IGOs, NGOs and nonprofits can submit some of the technical challenges that they would like students to consider for their solutions.\" Microsoft says over 350,000 high school and college students registered for this year's competition. Judges chose more than four hundred of them to attend the finals. SUZI LEVINE: \"One from Thailand was called NewKrean, where they created a Windows Phone 7 application that allows you to broadcast your location to your social network of friends so that you can be more easily rescued.\" They named their application Terra. Suzi Levine says there were also ideas from Egypt inspired by the revolution that _ president Hosni Mubarak in February. SUZI LEVINE: \"One was to use Bluetooth as sort of a Twitter equivalent so that if the government shuts down the Internet, you actually can still have a massive social distribution.\" Students competed in nine categories. For example, in software design the top prize of twenty-five thousand dollars went to Team Hermes from Ireland. The students developed a device for cars to collect information on road conditions, driving behavior and traffic incidents. A team from Taiwan's National Tsing Hua University won first place in the embedded  development category. They developed a network of wireless devices to help plot the safest escape routes during a fire. Next year's awards ceremony will take place in Australia. Registration for Imagine Cup twenty-twelve opened Friday. Also, Microsoft announced plans for a three million dollar program to help Imagine Cup winners further develop their projects. \n Answer: The program is sponsored by Microsoft.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d90000b81764ef38270856fabe2078d",
            "input": "Article: My favourite book is The Adventure of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain.Tom lives with his aunt Polly in a quiet street of St. Petersburg, Missouri.He's a lively and clever young boy,and he finds himself in many exciting adventures.He runs away with his two friends,Huck Finn and Joe,to an island in the middle of the Mississippi River for several days.With Huck he goes looking for treasure, with Becky he gets lost in a cave.and finally,they find a box of gold. My favourite scene in the book is when everyone thinks Tom is dead.He decides to go to his own funeral.He hides and watches for a time and then suddenly he appears. Everyone is astonished to see him but they're also pleased to see him alive. Tom is the hero of the story,but there are other important characters.Huck is an outsider and everyone is afraid of him.Becky is pretty with fair hair,Joe is Tom's best friend.and Injun Joe is the bad man of the story. The theme of the  story  is about children growing up.It describes how strangers are seen in small towns of America. Finally, it talks about freedom,social rules and how people are  punished for bad behaviour. Why do I think The Adventure of Tom Sawyer is a great book? Mark Twain wrote the story in 1876,but it's still read and loved by people all over the world today. And although it's only a story, Twain wrote it in the everyday English of the southern states of America in  the 19th century,so it sounds very real. Today it's thought to be one of the greatest books in American literature. Go on--- read it! I know you'll enjoy it,too. \n Answer: They were surprised and happy.",
            "output": [
                ".How did people feel when Tom appeared at his own funeral ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51c3f395dff64964a7715f05612ce378",
            "input": "Article: Some mothers in Senegal are learning a new way to save the lives of babies born too soon. The idea is borrowed from the way mother kangaroos carry their young in front in a pouch. The baby kangaroo stays in this built-in baby carrier until it can survive independently. Kangaroo mother care is also known as the skin-to-skin method for premature  babies. The direct contact with the mother keeps the baby warm. It also lets the baby breastfeed  at any time. The mother's heartbeat also helps control the baby's breathing rate. Every year, seven thousand babies are born at the health center where Ousmane Ndiaye works in Guediaway, outside Dakar. One in five is underweight. But Senegal has few incubators  in which to keep premature babies warm. In Africa, one newborn in twenty dies. A major reason is prematurity, so the death rates are among the highest in the world. Doctor Ndiaye says babies who weigh less than two kilos get special attention from _ who assist with the births. They teach the mother how to keep the baby wrapped to her chest. The health center has a Kangaroo Clinic, a special area for teaching this method. Doctor Ndiaye says they plan to expand the program throughout Senegal. But he believes the best way to get more people to use the kangaroo method is for mothers who have used the method to tell others about it. \n Answer: The mother's heartbeat helps the baby breathe normally",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the advantage of the kangaroo method?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e6f4e645fbb041cdba41ba07c7d98c1a",
            "input": "Article: Home to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia . It's fun to come home. It looks the same. It smells the same. You'll realize what's changed is you. Home is where we ran remember pain, live, and some other experiences; We parted here; My parents met here; I won three championships here. If I close my eyes, I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home. I walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glass-top wooden table. To the right of the living room is my first bedroom. It's empty, but it's where my earliest memories are. There is the dining room table where I celebrated birthdays, and where I cried on Halloween-when I didn't want to wear the skirt my mother made for me. I always liked standing on that table because it made me feel tall and strong. If I sit at this table, I can see my favorite room in the house, my parents' room. It is simple: a brown wooden dresser lines the right side of the wall next to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on each side. Their bed is my safe zone. I can jump on it anytime - waking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement that cannot wait until the morning. I'm lucky because I know my first home still exists. It exists in my mind and heart, on a physical property  on West 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles. It is proof I lived, I grew and I learned. Sometimes when I feel lost, I lie down and shut my eyes, and I go home. I know it's where I'll find my family, my dogs, and my belongings. I purposely leave the window open at night because I know I'll be blamed by Mom. But I don't mind, because I want to hear her say my name, which reminds me I'm home. \n Answer: The author can still visit her first physical home in Los Angeles.",
            "output": [
                "What can be learned from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eff35dfbffc24331b2810d56ee161ff7",
            "input": "Article: Beginning college is exciting: new ideas to explore, new challenges to be met and many decisions to be made; your future begins here. However, you will find college life is different from your previous school environment. Many of us can be easily overwhelmed by the details of running a well-balanced life. While some of us may have the know-how, I guess there are more of us who can benefit from learning about the experiences of others who have walked the college halls before you. The following you may find of use about life on campus: *Plan well. There are so many new things to do at a new college or university. Give yourself time to make new friends and became familiar with the campus, but don't forget why you are there. Give some time for social activities and manage your time wisely. *If you don't have a \"system\" for planning your time now (like a day timer a computer data book). get one. Most of all, don't depend on your memory. *Don't miss the guidelines. The restrictions, rules and regulations of all kinds can usually be found in your student's handbook. Consider them well-balanced food for thought. What dates are important? What pieces of paper need to be handed in? What can / can't you do in your student residence ? Who has the right for what? What do you need to complete to graduate? *Write the word \"STUDY\" on the walls of our bedroom and bathroom, and maybe it will help to to write it on a piece of paper and stick it on the telephone, TV and the kitchen table. Consider this -- you are paying thousands of dollars for your course. You pay every time you have to repeat or replace a course. *Build your identity. This is the time for you to decide what to do and what not to do. Take as much time as you need to explore new ideas. Do not be afraid of the beyond. This is learning to make good choices. \n Answer: To offer advice on college life.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69e064c1bb6242489edcda2eb150b16d",
            "input": "Article: Of course, you know that getting a gift for your dad is a must every Father's Day. Perhaps last year you got him a tie he always wanted, or a watch that had the year of his marriage engraved upon it. Yes, all of those gifts were great, but if this year you'd like to get him a gift that he'll be able to hold onto for a long time without breaking your bank, you should consider making a gift yourself. For example, a keepsake box that holds precious keepsakes can be a simple yet timeless gift.  Find a box. It can be a cigar box or hat box, but it really has to be strong and long-lasting.  Decorate the inside and outside .of your box with paints, ribbons , fabric and other materials.\"  Include some of your personal items that best  _ your relationship with your dad or a memory that he and you shared together. Perhaps he visited Hawaii and got you a special key chain that you've always used; you can include that. Each family member is welcome to make something homemade that can be included in the box. Some ideas could be a painting or drawing or, even poetry. You can also include something from your dad's past. Get grandma and grandpa in the action by getting goods, baby pictures or high school memorabilia . Photographs or videos from special occasions are good choices. You can gather CDs and cassettes of your dad's favorite music or music that he and you have memories of.  Next you should make a list of all the sayings and great advice that your dad has given you over the course of your life and include it in the box.  Now, you can present the box to your dad on Father's Day. Before this, write a special letter to your dad, telling him what you have placed in his box, why you have chosen those items, and include a brief or long note on why he is special in your eyes. \n Answer: How to make a meaningful Father's Day gift.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9fef06f79e1d4ab3b576eaab7e836584",
            "input": "Article: \"Show them the money!\" That's what some people are saying for college athletes. They say students who play sports for their school should receive salaries. Top athletes should be paid because many of them practice full time, Mark Jameson argues. Rico Cannon, a former college football player, agrees. \"Nonathletes can get a job for extra spending money, but many student athletes spend so many hours in training that they don't have time to work,\" he explains. \"Shouldn't athletes be able to earn extra money too?\" The students also make money for their schools when people buy tickets to their games. The players should receive some of that cash, supporter Robbie Pokora reasons. College athletes are about honor and tradition, but they're also a business. Thanks to ticket sales, there's money for schools to build new athletic stadiums and give the coaches high salaries. The cash should be shared with athletes. They're the ones out on the field or court working hard for their school. The money matter has others _ , though. Kaitlyn Rentala argues that colleges should not pay their athletes. Students are in school to get an education. Playing a sport is an extracurricular activity, not a job. If athletes need extra money, they can apply for college scholarships . Michael Massett is a middle school teacher and a football and a basketball coach. He agrees. \"Athletes should be paid with scholarships, like nonathletes are,\" Massett explains. In addition, if colleges pay their athletes, those students might focus more on sports than on their education. \"Most students do not become professional athletes after college. If they focus too much on sports, they may not learn the skills they need to get good jobs,\" Kate Macrae reasons. Plus, she says, many athletes have schoolships that help them pay for school. \n Answer: Training leaves them no time to work and they should be paid.",
            "output": [
                "What is Rico Cannon's opinion on paying student athletes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d378ba283d5b491083295272cd4dfc0a",
            "input": "Article: Many people have influence on my life, based on their personal characteristics, achievements, and values. I have been lucky to have had a great many teachers and professors who I respect for their patience and intelligence. There are artists who have encouraged me by their talents and creativity. I value many political leaders, who have inspired me by their contributions to society, and their ability to change our futures. But of all the people I have known in my life, the person I admire most is my father. As the youngest girl in my family, I always considered myself to be \"Daddy's little girl\". While I grew up, it always made me sad to see so many of my friends and neighbors without a father or father-like figure around. This helped me appreciate how my father always takes an interest in his children's lives. In every aspect of my life, my father continuously pushes me to _ , so I could finish my work excellently among my people. Whenever I feel like giving up, or have a question or a concern, I know I can always turn to him for advice. From him I have also learned that sometimes _ . His strength seems to be unbreakable during hard times, and he is extremely determined to do anything he sets his mind on, no matter how small it is. I highly respect him for how he stands up for what he believes in, and will never back down. I have always admired his open mind, sympathy for people, and sense of understanding. He is a very strict man, but in our daily life, he has a great sense of humor, and always knows how to put a smile on the faces of his wife, his children and his friends. Living in his love and instruction, I am very proud of my father. He also professes how proud he is of his children, and is still there to support us in whatever we are doing in. \n Answer: Knowledgeable and sociable.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following could NOT be used to describe the author's father?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-27c77dc3cb7e4031a7bf7195861b5b1a",
            "input": "Article: The rain had continued for a week and the flood had created a big river which were running by Nancy Brown's farm. As she tried to gather her cows to a higher ground, she slipped and hit her head on a fallen tree trunk. The fall made her unconscious for a moment or two. When she came to, Lizzie, one of her oldest and favorite cows, was licking her face.  At that time, the water level on the farm was still rising. Nancy gathered all her strength to get up and began walking slowly with Lizzie. The rain had become much heavier, and the water in the field was now waist high. Nancy's pace got slower and slower because she felt a great pain in her head. Finally, all she could do was to throw her arm around Lizzie's neck and try to hang on. About 20 minutes later, Lizzie managed to pull herself and Nancy out of the rising water and onto a bit of high land, which seemed like a small island in the middle of a lake of white water.  Even though it was about noon, the sky was so dark and the rain and lightning was so bad that it took rescuers more than two hours to discover Nancy. A man from a helicopter  lowered a rope, but Nancy couldn't catch it. A moment later, two men landed on the small island from a ladder in the helicopter. They raised her into the helicopter and took her to the school gym, where the Red Cross had set up an emergency shelter.  When the flood disappeared two days later, Nancy immediately went back to the \"island.\" Lizzie was gone. She was one of 19 cows that Nancy had lost in the flood. \"I owe my life to her,\" said Nancy with tears. \n Answer: Run away from the flooded farm",
            "output": [
                "What did Nancy try to do before she fell over?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c788402a35d94cae927c81a1ac5d9198",
            "input": "Article: Is It OK to Snap   Your Food? Have you ever taken a snap of a luxurious cake or photographed a juicy steak when you eat in restaurants? You may want to share what you eat with your friends or just post part of your daily life onto the Internet. However, such action may be very annoying  to other diners, or even to chefs and restaurant owners. Currently, more and more people begin to consider \" foodstagramming\" as very silly and a bad manner. In many restaurants, diners complain of being blinded by flasher , snapped without their permission and disturbed by people climbing on to chairs for a better angle. Even chefs and restaurant owners are annoyed at food photography. A Michelin-starred  chef said, \"It's hard to build a memorable evening when flashes are flying every six minutes.\" At the start of 2013, the debate on whether it is OK to take photographs of your food in restaurants seemed to swing   towards a definite \"no.\" According to several chefs in New York City, some restaurants there have started banning customers from taking photos of their food. Policies around the ban of food photography vary from restaurant to restaurant, ranging from restrictions on using a flash to outright  bans. If other restaurants follow such policies, it may signal the death of \" foodstagramming\". Nevertheless, instead of banning food photography, some restaurants are offering food photography courses. In Spain, the restaurant group Grupo Gourmet has started running a \" Fotografia para foodies\" course to instruct its customers to better take food pictures. The course teaches customers to take photos in a proper way without disturbing other dinners, such as never use a flash. \n Answer: The above all.",
            "output": [
                "Who are annoyed with food photography in restaurants?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-509753a92485423b86939ef1c3da1d08",
            "input": "Article: When Chinese student Du Juan brought her American boyfriend home two years ago to use the toilet, her Japanese roommate became so upset that she shouted in English: \"I hate you.\" Du, then 21 and an undergraduate at Bridgewater State College in Massachusetts, was shocked. So was her boyfriend. \"Later I realized that she didn't literally mean what she said and that she was not aware of the full meaning of the word 'hate' in English,\" said Du. \"It was more a problem with translation,\" she added. Cultural differences can cause confusion about what words or even actions mean, an issue that has come to the forefront recently following the arrest of a Chinese doctoral degree student in New Jersey. Zhai Tiantian, who studied at the Stevens Institute of Technology, has been accused of trying to set fire to a campus building and of making threats to a professor who gave him a low mark. No physical _ took place but Zhai reportedly said something along the lines of \"at worst, I will risk anything on the line.\" The professor called the campus police. According to the indictment sheet , Zhai is facing the serious charge of making a terroristic threat. For a few days, Chinese media mistranslated, or misunderstood, the charges and reported that Zhai was being charged with terrorism. Some language experts have speculated  that the disagreement between Zhai and the professor can also be chalked up to cultural and linguistic differences. \"What Chinese people regard as acceptable speech may be regarded by Americans as threats,\" said Luo Gang, the Chinese Consulate's Overseas Chinese Affairs consul. \"This is an unfortunate incident. Even though Zhai intended no harm, he has done himself a great deal of harm.\" Du, now 23, said she supports Zhai's actions in fighting to save his academic career, but added he needs to learn more about communication in a foreign language. \"Chinese students in a foreign country must prepare more in terms of languages and conversation skills to avoid misunderstandings,\" she said. \n Answer: Her roommate spoke such poor English that she felt angry.",
            "output": [
                "By saying \"It was more a problem with translation\", what does Du Juan mean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-65ced21bb0a04f2a918f2a845db183cf",
            "input": "Article: When was the last time someone did something unexpectedly nice for you? Not someone you knew, but a total stranger? It's happened to me a few times, but two instances really stand out. A few years ago, I was dining out with a person who kept going on and on about himself, completely unaware of the fact that I was sitting there in misery . It wasn't his company that disappointed me. I was recovering from a bad grade in my study. I could have collapsed in tears right there at the table. When we picked up the check, the waitress said, \"Your meal was already paid for.\" My friend and I didn't have a clue how it happened. Then I remembered a man coming in out of the corner of my eye. He was dressed in mostly white, sat down at the bar, had a glass of wine, stayed for maybe ten minutes and then left. The waitress said, \"Yes, the gentleman who was in here a while ago paid for you.\" Just last year, I was running a half-marathon. With just 0.1 miles to go, I was out of gas. Runners call it \"hitting the wall\"; I thought I couldn't move another muscle. Out of nowhere, a teenager jogged up next to me and said, \"What's your name sweetie? Jennifer? Okay, Jennifer, let's go! Come on! It's just around the corner! You can do it!\". And he ran with me until I picked up my pace. I found him at the finish line to thank him for the encouragement only to learn he wasn't even supposed to be in the race that day. He was running in place of someone else. I still shake my head when I think of these momentary angels that came to me at my point of need. Do you have any experiences like this? \n Answer: Because she was doing poorly in her study.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author say she was in misery?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-140247f5bd8e41318c01c9b91466fffb",
            "input": "Article: Sociable   people seem to gain extra rewards from their relationships by feeling less stressed, taking better care of themselves and having less risky lifestyles, they claim.       A review of studies into the impact of relationships on health found that people had a 50% better survival rate if they belonged to a wider social group. Psychologist Holt-Lunstad's team reviewed 148 studies that observed the social activities and health of 308,849 people over an average of 7.5 years.       From these they worked out how death rates varied depending on how sociable a person was. Being lonely and isolated was as bad for a person's health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day or being an alcoholic. It was as harmful as not exercising and twice as bad for the health as being very fat.       Holt-Lunstad said friends and family can improve health in lots of ways, from help in tough times to finding meaning in life. \"When someone is connected to a group and feels responsibility to other people, that sense of purpose and meaning translates to taking better care of themselves and taking fewer risks.\"      Holt-Lunstad said there was no clear figure on how many relationships are enough to improve a person's health, but people fared better when they rarely felt lonely and were close to a group of friends, had good family contact and had someone they could rely on and confide in. \n Answer: Losing weight more easily.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, which of the following is NOT a benefit of being sociable people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b27a6ded478a46d58940370ae32913b3",
            "input": "Article: To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human. Common sense is not all that common. Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse? These three popular misquotes are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature .To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don't want to accept the responsibility for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do .The original quote about human nature went like this: \" To err is human, to forgive, divine .\"This saying mirrors an ideal people should be forgiving of others' mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite -find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a making of great maturity. Common sense is what we call clear thought. Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well, and it also means staying with the plan. Common sense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm, but you leave the umbrella home when you hear a weather forecast for sunshine.Common sense does not seem to be common for large organizations, because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything. People say that in a large company, \"the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing.\" And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? One of the common problems with making excuses is that people, especially young people, get the idea that it's okay not to be totally honest all the time. There is a corollary to that: if good excuse is \"good\" even if it isn't honest, then where is the place of the truth? \n Answer: To criticize others for one's own error.",
            "output": [
                "According to tile passage, which of following seems the most human?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5e9cf84a9e594a5fb9a7e079f6403fc1",
            "input": "Article: Among the many differences between Western and Chinese cultures, table manners are one of the most noticeable  differences. Westerners often make mistakes at the table in China or in a Chinese home. In order not to have an embarrassing  experience, here are some things to consider next time you are eating with some Chinese. Step1: Keep in mind that food is shared. It is one of the biggest differences between Chinese and Western eating habits. In China a few dishes are placed in the center of a table and shared by all. Also, you should offer thanks when a Chinese host takes food from one of the dishes on the table and places it on your plate. Refusing it would not be polite even if you are full. Step2: Respect the chopsticks. The chopsticks are the single most important tool at a Chinese table. Use the chopsticks to grab food and never skewer   it. Also make sure to place your chopsticks over your bowl or plate. Don't lay them on the table or even worse, stick them into the rice bowl. Step3: Use communal chopsticks. To take food from the center of the table you should use the communal chopsticks or spoons that are placed there for that purpose. If there are no communal tools, use the other ends of your chopsticks to take food, remembering not to use the other end to put food into your mouth. Step4: Respect the elders. Table manners in China place extra respect on elders. At the table, pass food to your elders before taking it for yourself. If someone makes a toast, make sure that when you clink glasses with someone older than you, the rim of your glass is lower than the rim of the elder person. \n Answer: Use them to grab your own food.",
            "output": [
                "How can you use your chopsticks according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-17ebf4c6730a49eab1796afa98e27939",
            "input": "Article: It's killed at least two dozen people, damaged hundreds of homes, cost some 22 billion Yuan in direct economic losses so far and has left thousands of family-bound travelers stranded. The massive snow and ice storm that has swept through the southern part of China has put this country into full disaster management mode. Tens of thousands of soldiers have been activated and the government has already provided 126 million Yuan in aide to six provinces in the south slammed by the unexpected winter blast. But is enough being done? And what else can be done to ensure that the effects of natural disasters like the one in southern China are minimized in the future? \"Ni hao, you're listening to People In the Know, your window into the world around you, online at www.crienglish.com here on China Radio International. In this edition of the show, we'll be talking about the southern China snow and ice storm. So let's get started. First, let's get a Chinese perspective of how well the ice and snow storm in southern China is being handled from a logistical point of view. For this we're joined on the line by Professor Peng Xizhe, Dean of the School of Social Development and Public Policy at Fudan University in Shanghai. (Dialogue with Peng) And after a short break, we'll talk about the broader view of disaster management.\" \"Ni hao, you're listening to People In the Know, your window into the world around you, online at www.crienglish.com here on China Radio International. I'm Paul James in Beijing. In this edition of the show, we're talking about the massive winter storm that has ravaged southern China. For a broader look at disaster management, we're joined on the line now by Mr. Aloysius Rego and Ms. Jiang Lingling, both with the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center in Thailand. (Dialogue with Jiang and Rego) And with that we close out this edition of People In the Know, online at www.crienglish.com here on China Radio International. Though it may seem small consolation now for the thousands who remain stranded because of the storm, it's important to remember that as long as patience prevails, you will get home. Questions or comments for us can be sent to crieng@crifm.com. For Executive Director Wang Lei and Producers Yang Jingjie and Xu Yang, I'm Paul James in Beijing. Take care.\" \n Answer: Let's know the measures about the disaster.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of this article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87228f185d7048ac83b52beed0048f8e",
            "input": "Article: Water is very important to living things. Without water there can be no life on the earth. All animals and plants need water. Man also needs water. We need water to drink, to cook our food and to clean ourselves. Water is needed in offices, factories and schools. Water is needed everywhere. There is water in seas, rivers and lakes. Water is found almost everywhere. Even in the desert part of the world, there is some water in the air. You can not see or feel it when it is a part of the air. The water in the seas, rivers and lakes is a liquid, the water in the air is a gas, and we call it water vapour  . Clouds are made of water. They may be made of very small drops of water. They may also be made of snow crystals . Snow crystals are very very small crystals of ice. Ice is frozen water. It is a solid. There can be snow and ice everywhere in winter. Water may be a solid or a liquid or a gas. When it is a solid, it may be as hard as a stone. When it is a liquid, you can drink it. When it is a gas, you can not see or feel it. \n Answer: Water can be found almost everywhere.",
            "output": [
                "Where can we find water?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a998aa0198fa48b09dffeecafc369b77",
            "input": "Article: The adder is the only poisonous snake native to Britain. Adders have the most highly developed poison injecting mechanism of all snakes, but they are not aggressive animals. Adders will only use their poison as a last means of defence, usually if caught or trodden on. No one has died from adder bites in Britain for over 20 years. By faar the most common smake in Britain is the adder. In Scotland, in fact, there are no other snakes at all. The adder is also the only British sanke with a poisonous bite. It can be found almost anywhere, but prefers sunny hillsides and rough open country, including high gournd. In Ireland there are no snakes at all. Most people regard snake bites as a fatal misfortune, but not all bites are serious, and very few are fatal . Sometimes attempts at emergency treatment turn out to be more dangerous than the bite itself, with amateurs heroically, but mistakenly, trying do-it-yourself surgery and other unnecessary measures. All snakes have small teeth, so it follows tha tall snakes can bite, but only te bite of the adder presents any danger. British snakes are shy animals and are fare more frightened of you than you could possibly be of them. The adder will attack only if it feels threatened, as can happen if you take it by surprise and step on it accidentally, or if you try to catch it or pick it up, which it dislikes intensely. If it hears you coming, it will normally get out of the way as quickly as it can, but adders cannot move  very rapidly and may attack before moving if you are very close. The effect of a bite varies considerably. It depends upon severa things, one of which is the boidy-wight of the person bitten. The bigger the person, the less harmful the bite is likely to be, which is why children suffer far more seriously from snake bites in Britain ,and thought these bites can make soime pepe very ill, thre are probaably just as many cases of bites having little or no effect, as there are of serious illess. \n Answer: On wild land throughout Britain.",
            "output": [
                "Where are adders to be found?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3349021248dc45a39ba7952ed61f45bc",
            "input": "Article: I am so worried about global warming. We need stop cutting down all of the trees so that they can absorb the carbon dioxide. I think the Kyoto Protocol  to stop pollution is a great idea ,and I hope our country will decide to follow it, too.[: [Link] -- Eli S.,10,Texa People should do all they can to help stop pollution, even if it is something as little as recycling your soda can. Every little thing helps. Maybe schools can put recycling bins in classrooms. Students can bring in all of their cans and bottles and see how many the school can collect. -- Lindsey A.,11, Massachusett[: [Link] The United States should take action to help stop pollution. Since we are one of the richest countries, we should at least spend a little money to help. -- Aaron z,11,Massachusett It is not good that the United States is not following the Kyoto Protocol. The U.S. is one of the most pollutionemitting countries in the world. Even if the rest of the world agrees to follow those rules, without the U. S. and its big businesses agreeing, global warming will still be a big problem. --Augustine S.,11,Ohio The world needs to learn more about global warming problems. If we do not do something soon then some of Earth's coolest animals will become extinct. People should use solar power instead of things that pollute the atmosphere! -- Jillian J.,10,Pennsylvania Global warming is very dangerous, and it must be prevented. Even if people think that it cannot be stopped ,we should  at least try. Stopping global warming is more important than keeping our businesses going. What about thepenguins and the polar bears? We can't just let them become extinct. --Samantha R.,11,Illinois \n Answer: To collect waste in classroom.",
            "output": [
                "Why does Lindsey suggest schools put recycling bins in classrooms?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df908b379d5b4f1b912a91389109eca5",
            "input": "Article: Dear Ms Morris, We have come to know of an unfortunate incident you had with our customer service department and we would like to deeply apologize for the inconvenience caused to you by the customer service manager's behavior. We have noted down your complaint (number 797329SA) and would like to let you know that strict action will be taken against the employee. He is a new employee with little experience and so his attitude towards his job was over enthusiastic and he lacked proper judgment. We are by no means excusing his behavior but I would like to request you not to take any legal action against the company as we are very sorry for what happened. To express our appreciation, please accept the offer of free servicing of all products of our company that you own for up to three years. We will also make sure that the faulty  air conditioner is replaced by us at no extra cost so that you do not face any further problem. Once again, we are very sorry for the incident. Please contact us if you have any questions.                                                            Yours sincerely,                                                               Nate Borges Dear sir, I should like to apologize for the inconvenience caused to you due to poor Internet connectivity. I understand that you require the Internet all through the day as all your business deals are done online and since last week your work has been affected a great deal. We are continually working towards providing the best possible services to our customers. You have been using our service for the last three years and are aware of the excellent quality of service offered by us. However, this time due to some major technical fault the Internet service was interrupted and our customers in your part of the city are facing our poor Internet connectivity problems. The issue is likely to be solved within the next two days; kindly bear with us until then. Once again I apologize for the poor service.                                                            Yours faithfully,                                                               David Johns \n Answer: Dissatisfied.",
            "output": [
                "What is Ms Morris's attitude towards the customer service manager?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9fdda2e16a784f36b95dbe2266624f01",
            "input": "Article: The USA Well, imagine how my sister felt when she went off for the first time to New York for a business trip. After a few days she was still amazed at how friendly everyone was to her until she took a taxi back to her hotel one night. First she gave just the name of the hotel, but when asked she said the address too. Then she was asked how to get there, but of course she didn't know. Imagine how frightened she was when the driver started shouting at her for not knowing the way. The UK A friend was in London for a conference. He took a taxi and there were no problems: the driver knew the way and was very cheerful. The problem started when he realized he had stupidly left his laptop on the back seat! He called the company up and, in a panic, went straightaway to their Lost and Found office. He was _ to find the laptop waiting for him, and then very surprised that it was one of 2,900 left in taxis over the past six months! Tunisia Well, my brother took a Mediterranean cruise  one summer and had a day in Tunis. He spent most of the afternoon in the Medina buying presents when he suddenly realized he'd completely lost track of time and there was only half an hour before the ship left the port. There had been loads of yellow taxis in the centre so he wasn't too bothered until he stood on the pavement and waited for one to appear----and of course there wasn't a single one in sight! Nothing! He questioned a passer-by who explained that the cost for the taxi ride goes up in the evening so the taxi drivers disappear until they can charge higher prices! Luckily for my brother the man then offered to give him a lift and he caught the boat on time! \n Answer: Unpleasing and scary.",
            "output": [
                "What was the author's sister's trip by taxi in the US like?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8010da8d718042f0aa806748a6f444f9",
            "input": "Article: Coral reefs  are not just beautiful to look at,but also very useful.They shelter nearly 25% of ocean life and provide food for billions of people.However, like many other species,this amazing ecosystem  is in danger of dying out! There are two main reasons for the destruction--the rising carbon dioxide levels caused by global warming as well as human influences like bottom operation.While not much can be done about the former,the loss caused by the latter can be reduced. Bottom operation involves dropping nets to the ocean bed and then dragging them up when filled with fish.This action damaged the ocean floor,causing the coral branches to separate from the reefs.While that is very discouraging,the good news is that if these branches are found quickly,they can be saved.At present,that work is being performed by volunteer divers. But the method has only limited success because they cannot stay long underwater, nor reach depths of over 200 meters where some of the deep-sea coral grows. However,this is not the case for Coralbots--the robots that can constantly seek out broken branches.A team of 'coral bots',each individually working to simple rules will piece together damaged bits of coral, allowing them to regrow. They are programmed to be able to distinguish between other things and the coral.The robots work together in groups,similar to bees.If one coralbot is damaged, then the others will still be able to complete the task. Dr Lea-Anne Henry said:\"The project of using coralbots offers us the possibility to restore  the function of reefs.It is in the final stage of testing.Once ready, the researchers hope to build hundreds of _ and use them effectively in the waters off Scotland and then hopefully in the oceans across the world.\" \n Answer: Human activities like bottom operation.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is a cause of the danger that coral reefs are facing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ee9fe50be6d84fb98a553b357e8953b6",
            "input": "Article: For most of us, the rain that falls on our roof runs off into the ground or the sewer  system. But if you want to save a little water and reuse it on your lawns or plants --- or even use it for laundry, dishes, or other needs --- collecting rainwater from your gutter's downspouts  is a _  According to John C. Davis, writing in E / The Environmental Magazine, just about any homeowner can collect rainwater, given that the roof and gutters do most of the work. And since an inch of rain falling on a 2,000-square-foot roof produces some 1,200 gallons of water, you can harvest enough to water your lawn or garden. Plants and grass actually do better when fed rainwater instead of tap water, which is usually treated with substances that can hold back plant growth. Using rainwater can also extend the life of pipes, since the salts added to tap water may gradually damage the pipes. However, homeowners should set up a water purification system if they do plan to use rainwater for inside needs. Rainwater harvesting can also be good for the local community, as it reduces the erosion, flooding, and pollution associated with heavy rainfall, and reduces dependence on public water supplies. So some states fund rainwater collection systems in their local communities. Many varieties of rain barrel  systems, starting at just $100, are available for home use. A typical setup is simply a rain barrel positioned under a gutter's downspout. Skillful homeowners can make their own water harvesting systems, but buying one is a lot easier. Most garden centres offer a range of choices as well as tips. \n Answer: Roof rainwater collection.",
            "output": [
                "What is the topic of the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7988ac43a0e7440b8c3d1a1b166c9710",
            "input": "Article: If you like bicycling as much as you like playing ball and can't seem to decide between the two sports, you may want to consider cycle ball--a fun sport that adopts the key attributes from both activities and transforms it into a totally new game.. Also known as red ball, the game was invented in 1893 by German laborers who wished to play polo , but could not afford horses. While the sport has not _ in North America, it is very fashionable in Europe and even Japan. Played in an indoor court, cycle ball is similar to soccer in many ways--the aim is to score as many goals as possible, and only the goalkeeper is allowed to touch the ball. The one big difference? Use of legs is forbidden. Instead, players have to guide the ball across the court, using the front wheels of their bicycles or with their heads. In fact, if a player even touches the floor with his feet during the 14-minute game, it is considered a foul  and the opposing team gets a free kick. While the game was initially  played with normal bikes, things are a little different now. The seats of these specialized bikes are positioned over the back tire and they sport a single fixed gear, making it easier for the rider to control the constant back and forth movement required for the game. The handlebars  also point straight up so that the competitors can sit upright while playing and they are about twice the weight of normal bikes, which helps with the stability. While cycle ball may sound a little strange, it is a fast-paced sport that requires much training, skill, and, is also really fun to watch. \n Answer: A new and fun sports game--cycle ball",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-426efc70c9ec43bdac878d5731a4855f",
            "input": "Article: My parents knew their wealth: each other, their six children, and their faith. They tried to live simple lives so that they could have time for what was most important. They didn't busy themselves buying a bigger house, because that would mean working harder to pay the monthly mortgage ,working overtime or taking second job. Who would go running with me then? Who would read stories to me? They didn't burden themselves with buying an expensive car because that would mean worrying about installment  bills. Besides, walking to the shopping centre every Saturday afternoon with me gave my dad his needed exercise, and made me feel so special. One of my heart's delights was seeing Dad and Mom in their bedroom at night, after our nightly family prayer. The lights were turned off, and I'd see the figure of my father seated on his old chair and Mom standing behind him, gently massaging  his shoulders. I'd hear them talk about what happened during their day. Even as a child, I sensed their quiet pleasure in being together. My question today: Could they have done this rich ritual  each night and nourished  their marriage if they had been busy paying for expensive clothes for themselves or their kids, or if they had been worrying about monthly bills for new hi-tech equipment? I don't think so. And I've made a choice: I don't want that of life either. \n Answer: They had a second-hand car.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about the author's family?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-242c2f53340e4f09845b721f3232fe0b",
            "input": "Article: Do you love holidays but hate gaining weight? You are not alone. Holidays are times for celebrating. Many people are worried about their weight. With proper planning, though, it is possible to keep normal weight during the holidays. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don't have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. Here are some tips for preventing weight gain and maintaining physical fitness: Don't skip meals. Before you leave home, have a small, low-fat meal or snack . This may help to avoid getting too excited before delicious foods. Control the amount of food. Use a small plate that may encourage you to \"load up  \". You should be most comfortable eating an amount of food about the size of your fist  . Begin with soup and fruit or vegetables. Fill up beforehand on water-based soup and raw fruit or vegetables, or drink a large glass of water before you eat to help you to feel full. Avoid high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy may have large amount of fat. Choose lean meat . Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables. Use lemon juice instead of creamy food. Stick to physical activity. Don't let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk helps to burn off extra calories.(238 words) \n Answer: You should never eat delicious foods.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is WRONG according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4566cc4aba9c499b9f46e187875a4127",
            "input": "Article: Vampires  , creatures of myth, have been around in one form or another for centuries. Terrifying but also attractive, they are as popular in the early 21st century as ever, as the current popularity of Twilight series, and its hero Edward Cullen, show. Vampires first appeared in fiction in the 1700s; in 1895 Irish novelist Bram Stoker published Dracula, introducing the world's most famous vampire. But just what is it about these drinkers of human blood that continues to fascinate us? Speaking to Eric Lewis of the Times and Transcript website, academic Deborah Wells said that vampires are \"culturally adaptive \". \"We create very different vampires to fit different times. Edward Cullen is not the same as Count Dracula,\" she said. Different as they are, Wells believes vampires are \"the perfect containers into which we can pour our current cultural anxieties\". Bram Stoker's Dracula is powerful, yet old and physically ugly. Stoker's book dealt with fear of the fall of the British Empire, real fears in the day in which it was written. According to the website Bookpages, today's vampires have all our cultural desires, money, power and sexual attraction. Represented by Cullen, they are noble, handsome young men whom women find irresistible . What's more, vampires challenge traditional ideas about death, science and parental authority . This may be why teenagers are drawn to vampire tales. \"In many ways, the vampire story shows up teenage concerns,\" said Wells. \"The emotional intensity   of the relationship with the vampire matches the intensity of how it feels to have your first real love affairs. Your first real love, it really feels like life and death.\" \n Answer: Powerful, old and ugly.",
            "output": [
                "What is the vampire like in Bram Stoker's book?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5bd691f19fad409492bdffc00e9c76c8",
            "input": "Article: Warm weather brought by El Nino has had mixed effects on animals in usually snowy places in North America, including New England, according to an Associated Press article. Some animals seem to benefit from having a chance to gather more food before winter, and from expending less energy in daily survival mode. Others, like snowshoe hares, are put at center stage in predators'  view when they lack snow for disguising their white fur -- not a good thing for them, of course. Black bears, on the other hand, have been keeping busy gathering nuts and apples, when they would normally have settled into their winter homes by now. Vermont and Massachusetts officials have asked residents to wait till snow falls to take out their bird feeders for the sake of safety, the article said. \"We suggest waiting for 6 or more inches of snow that lasts before taking out your bird feeders, especially if you have been visited in the past by bears or if there are sightings of bears in your neighborhood,\"Forrest Hammond, Vermont Fish and Wildlife's bear biologist, said in the article.\"Due to lack of snow and frozen ground, birds are able to seek food in fields and forests for theirnatural foods.\" Snow amounts can also determine how comfortable bears are and how quickly they consume their accumulated fat during hibernation , noted Hammond in the article. This is because snow covers and traps them in their winter homes, and also hides them from predators. \n Answer: Their being caught more easily.",
            "output": [
                "What may upset snowshoe hares because of El Nino?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-630f7552044246f999fe94358e6bf311",
            "input": "Article: In the United States, the legal age to drink alcohol is twenty-one --- one of the highest in the world. Americans debate whether _ should be lowered, or whether young drinkers would only drink more. In parts of Europe, the legal drinking age for beer, and sometimes hard liquor, is sixteen. Yet France may raise the age limit for beer and wine sales to eighteen, the same as for hard liquor there.     Rules on alcohol differ from college to college in the United States. Many schools require all first-year students to take an alcohol prevention and education program, often given online. Some have a \"zero tolerance\" policy where alcohol is banned from all buildings. Parents are informed of violations  and students may be suspended .       At the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, permission is needed to serve alcohol at any event on campus. But alcohol is banned in first-year dorms --- where most students are under twenty-one anyway.       Susan Davis, a university lawyer, says campus police and local police report underage drinking violations to administrators. The university judicial committee decides punishment on a case by case basis. For example, the committee might suspend or expel a student. It might require an alcohol education program. Or it might just give a warning.      Jon Zug is a prosecutor  in Albemarle County, where the university is located. He says international students would face the same punishment as American citizens for underage drinking in Virginia. That includes a fine of five hundred dollars or fifty hours of community service. But first offenders might be given a chance to complete an alcohol education program instead.     Schools have to report legal violations by international students to the Department of Homeland Security. International adviser Richard Tanson at the University of Virginia says even minor violations stay on a student's permanent immigration record. He says international students should know that this can affect them in the future if they try to re-enter the United States. \n Answer: Rules on Alcohol on Campus in the US",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d4fa9eed66734698b4da13f4554a69d6",
            "input": "Article: Born in America in 1898, William was an extraordinary boy, gifted with an amazing IQ between 250 and 300. The genius went to a grammar school when he was only 6 years old and graduated just within 7 months. At the age of 11, he became the youngest student of the Harvard University. He graduated with high scores at the age of 16 and entered Harvard Law School at 18.     Gifted with an amazing IQ between 220 and 230, Terence Tao makes it to this list of the people with the highest IQ in the world. Born in Adelaide, Australia in 1975, this genius first displayed his incredible intelligence at a mere age of 2, when he managed to solve basic arithmetic questions on his own. At the age of 16, he graduated with both Master's and Bachelor's degrees at the Flinders University. He has been considered as ''Mr. Fix it \" by Charles Fefferman, who is a professor of Mathematics at Princeton University, and many other mathematicians want to interest him in their problems.     This 31-year-old Japanese-American astrophysicist lands him third in this list. At the age of 12, Christopher Hirata already worked on college-level courses, around the time most of us were just in the 7th grade. At the age of 13, this gifted kid became the youngest American to have ever won the gold medal in the International physics Olympiad. At the age of 16, he was already working with NASA on its project to conquer planet Mars. After he was awarded the Ph.D. at Princeton University, he went back to California Institute of Technology.     The next person with very high IQ is Albert Einstein. With an IQ between 160 and 190, Albert Einstein is the genius behind the theory of relativity, which has had great impact on the world of science. He possessed such an amazing ability that after his death, researchers were eager to preserve and make research on his brain in search for clues to his exceptional brilliance, which to this day, has remained a mystery.  ks5u \n Answer: At the age of 11, he became the youngest student at the Harvard University.",
            "output": [
                "About William, which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19b33733e9354c1cb83924b6b9af4e5b",
            "input": "Article: Wood Buffalo National Park  Wood Buffalo National Park is Canada's largest national park and one of the largest in the world. Established in 1922 to protect the last remaining herds of bison in northern Canada, it now protects an outstanding example of Canada's Northern Boreal Plains. The park was designated a World Heritage Site in 1983. Phone: (780) 697-3662 E-mail: wbnp.info@pc.gc.ca Banff National Park of Canada Banff's rich history dates back to 1885, when three railway workers stumbled upon hot mineral springs surfacing from deep within the mountains. This discovery led to the establishment of Banff National Park, and marked the beginning of Canada's national park system. Spanning 6,641 meadows and rivers, Banff National Park is one of the world's premier destination spots.  Phone: (403)762-1550 E-mail: banff.vrc@pc.gc.ca St. Lawrence Islands National Park of Canada   Conceived in the 1870s, St. Lawrence Islands is one of Canada's oldest national parks. Located in the scenic 1,000 Islands tourist area, this tiny jewel has a rich and complex natural human history. Centuries ago, aboriginal peoples referred to it as the \"Garden of the Great Spirit\". Today, 24 scenic islands, along with a mainland area at Mallory town Landing, are included in the park. Phone: (613) 923-5261  E-mail: ont. sli@pc.gc.ca Grasslands National Park of Canada  It was here Sitting Bull took refuge after the Battle of Little Big Horn in 1876. Grasslands National Park is the first national park of Canada to preserve a portion of the mixed prairie grasslands. This magical land of diversity, beauty and history is divided into two blocks. The East Block contains the Killdeer Badlands and the Wood Mountain Uplands, and the West Block preserves the Frenchman River Valley and the dissected plateaus, coulees and famous 70 Mile Butte.  Phone: (306) 298-2257 E-mail: grasslands. info@pc.gc.ca \n Answer: Because hot mineral springs were found in Banff.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Banff National Park built?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-816a4cff80404a1682c4d378e594a0ba",
            "input": "Article: The Healthy Habits Survey shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits.Here are some findings and expert advice. 1.How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday? *Finding:A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day. *Step:Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a batteryoperated toothbrush.Brush gently for 2 minutes,at least twice a day. 2.How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday? *Finding:Seniors,on average,bathe fewer than 3 days a week.And nearly 30%wash their hands only 4 times a day-half of the number doctors recommend. *Step:We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day-often inviting germs to enter our mouth,nose,and eyes.Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle.And,most important,wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds. 3.How often do you think about fighting germs? *Finding:Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should. *Step:Be aware of germs.Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge that can carry more germs than anything else?To kill these germs,keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds. \n Answer: About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.",
            "output": [
                "What is found out about American seniors?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-422afb412a2849fa96338b9f7eb9f19e",
            "input": "Article: Golf in the USA was until quite recently the hobby of old,middle class white men.Not any more.The fact that the class,age and race barriers that existed in the sport have finally been  broken down is due almost entirely to two people.Tiger Woods and Michelle Wie. Tiger Woods was born in California in 1975 and is one of the greatest golfers of all time.His ethnic background is marvelously rich and varied.His father Earl was of mixed of black,Chinese and Native American ancestry and his mother Kultida,who was originally from Thailand,also had Chinese and Dutch forefathers. Woods became a professional golfer in 1996 and,less than a year later,astonished the world easily winning the prestigious Masters Colf Tournament,an annual event which takes place at the Augusta Golf Club in Georgia,USA.At 21,he was the youngest golfer ever to win the tournament,but much more important,he was also the first Asian American to do it. Woods'amazing achievement is put into perspective when you realize that until 1990,no non-white American had ever been allowed to join Augusta Golf Club.Even in 2000,it only had two black members.In fact,in 1977,Clifford Roberts,the chairman of the club and founder of the Masters Tournament,proclaimed:\"As long as 1 am alive,golfers will be white and caddies  will be black.\"Roberts died not long after making this racist remark... Fortunately,his views were not shared by his successors and the dramatic appearance of Tiger Woods on the Golf scene radically changed attitudes to the sport and prompted a major surge of interest in the game among ethnic minorities end young people in the USA. Michelle Wie,a Korean American born in 1989 whose mother was an amateur golf champion in Korea,will probably became the greatest woman golfer of all time.She's 1.85 meters tall and she can play a golf ball further than most men.Like Woods,she has transformed the world of golf,and wants to do so in even more dramatic ways.She has expressed her determination to play on the men's tournament circuit,not just the women's,and has already appeared in several professional men's tournaments. Thanks to Woods and Wie,golf in America will never be the same again. \n Answer: The achievements of two golf players from ethnic minorities.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69548585e29743f8aac88212bfc17896",
            "input": "Article: Throughout the world, clothing has many uses. It is used to provide protection from cold. It is also worn to prevent others from seeing specific parts of one's body. However, the parts of the body that must be covered vary widely throughout the world. Some clothing is worn to provide supernatural protection. Wearing a lucky shirt to take an exam is calling for supernatural assistance. People in all cultures use clothing and other forms of bodily decoration to communicate status , intentions and other messages. In North America, we dress differently for business and various leisure activities. North American women usually are much more knowledgeable of little difference in messages communicated by clothes than men. At times, this leads to silly mistakes of understanding of female intentions on the part of men. Of course, clothing styles also are intended to communicate messages to members of the same gender . Long before we are near enough to talk to someone, their appearance tells their gender, age, economic class, and often even intentions. We begin to recognize the important cultural clues at an early age. The vocabulary of dress that we learn includes not only items of clothing but also hairstyles, jewelry, and other body decoration. In most cultures, however, the same style of dress communicates different messages depending on the age, gender, and physical appearance of the individual wearing it. Putting on certain types of clothing can change your behavior and the behavior of others towards you. This can be the case with a doctor's white lab coat, or an army uniform. Most uniforms are clearly symbolic so that they can rapidly and unmistakably communicate status. For instance, the strange hairstyle and clothing of the English \"punks\" are essential aspects of their uniforms. There are many forms of body decoration other than clothes that are used around the world to send messages. These include body and hair paint, and even body deformation. When doctors put braces on teeth, they are actually doing the same thing - deforming or reforming a part of the body to make it more attractive. \n Answer: Communication through Clothing",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-922d33712a0f425cb380df6b50989cd8",
            "input": "Article: I must have been about fourteen then, and I put away the incident from my mind with the easy carelessness of  youth. But the words, Carl Walter spoke that day, came back to me years later, and ever since have been of great value to me. Carl Walter was my piano teacher. During one of my lessons he asked how much practicing I was doing. I said three or four hours a day. \"Do you practice , an hour at a time?\" \"I try to.\" \"Well, don't,\" he exclaimed. \"When you grow up, time won't come in long stretches.    Practice in minutes, whenever you can find them five or ten before school, after lunch, between household tasks. Spread the practice through the day, and piano-playing will become a part of your life.\" When I was teaching at Columbia, I wanted to write, but class periods, theme-reading, and committee meetings filled my days and evenings. For two years I got practically nothing down on paper, and my excuse was that I had no time. Then I remembered what Carl Walter had said. During the next week I conducted an experiment. Whenever I had five minutes unoccupied, I sat down and wrote a hundred words or so. To my astonishment, at the end of the week I had a rather large manuscript ready for revision, later on I wrote novels by the same piecemeal method. Though my teaching schedule had become heavier than ever, in every day there were idle moments which could be caught and put to use. I even took up piano--playing again, finding that the small intervals of the day provided sufficient time for both writing and piano practice. There is an important trick in this time--using formula: you must get into your work quickly. If you have but five minutes for writing, you can't afford to waste four chewing your pencil. You must make your mental preparations beforehand, and concentrate on your task almost instantly when the time comes. Fortunately, rapid concentration is easier than most of us realize. I admit I have never learnt how to let go easily at the end of the five or ten minutes. But life can be counted on to supply interruptions. Carl Walter has had a tremendous influence on my life. To him I owe the discovery that even very short periods of time add up to all useful hours I need, if I plunge in without delay. \n Answer: The writer didn't completely take the teacher's words to heart at first.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c3e670fc2e354a6f8c7b2f3706ff7646",
            "input": "Article: America's child movie star Shirley Temple Black died late Monday evening at the age of 85. Her fans in China are also deeply saddened. Temple is just one example of movie stars that China adored, and still adores. Here's our editor's pick of the top movie stars who have influenced China. 1. Sylvester Stallone Oh, Rambo! The first strong American man that China knew. His accented English, easily recognizable even for someone who doesn't speak English, and his eyes that never seemed to smile, makes him someone whom cannot be forgotten. He represented the strong American image, and even stirred a boxing and bodybuilding fever in China. 2.Charlie Chaplin (April 16, 1889 - December 25, 1977) In the 20th century, it is not too much to say that Einstein made the greatest contributions to science, and not many would disagree that Chaplin did the same for film. He was the first actor that introduced comedy to most Chinese viewers, and politically, he was also a close friend of China's. His silent films broke the barrier of language and his form of art was recognized by all. It will be a difficult task to find a person in China who does not recognize Chaplin, even today. 3. Shirley Temple ( April 23, 1928 - February 10, 2014) When Chinese audiences saw this adorable child star for the first time on screen, Shirley Temple had already lived for more than half a century. In her movies, she was always alone or in trouble, but this adorable little blonde  could always resolve anything with her kindness, push away the fogginess and bring about light. The brand \"Shirley Temple\" was a product of the Great Depression. People watched her act to forget their hardships as Temple entertained the poor, the rich, adults and children alike. Several decades later, when her films were screened in China, the effects were the same. 4. Audrey Hepburn( May 4, 1929 - January 20, 1993) She will forever be the princess in Chinese people's hearts. Even to this day, a large number of tourists go to Rome to visit the Mouth of Truth with their lovers and eat ice cream on the Spanish Steps. Her sense of style seems to never go out of style. When she was alive, she was living perfection. Even after her death, she has remained an _ . That's something that only Audrey Hepburn is capable of. \n Answer: Charlie Chaplin",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, who was most known for comedy in China?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3076d638c12948cc8c4228f73ef9273c",
            "input": "Article: It is not a secret that these are _ times that put everyone on edge all the time and it makes people angry with their families, co-workers, friends and relatives, frustrated  and highly annoyed just for the noise of the neighbors or the music coming from the opposite house. Anger and negative energy have a strong influence on everyone's life, even when they don't realize it. Being in a calm state of mind is simply wonderful. Results of this can be seen when parents no longer shout at their children over any small thing and when one can keep him cool when bad things happen and doesn't let the situation become worse by his negative influence. Also results can be seen on a larger scale. In 1993 a very interesting scientific experiment called The US Transcendental Meditation experiment was conducted in Washington. A company called TM got 4,000 calm and relaxed people to simply sit and meditate   in a central Washington convention center. The results of this experiment showed that during those particular 8 weeks, violent crimes, such as murder, rape, assaults, clearly decreased by as much as 23%. This is evident proof that meditation can change the state of mind, bring back peace of mind and collective meditation is contagious  , just as anything done collectively is contagious. For example, a person has the urge to become aggressive (while in normal circumstances that person is very calm and normal), just because he is sitting at a stadium watching a football game and everyone around is shouting and is aggressive. Isn't increasing the quality of life worth spending 20 minutes of time on meditation? Yes, very few people follow through with a meditation method that should be a joy to do. Many start and leave it after only a few sessions. So if collective meditation has proven that meditation works, that it calms people down and that it brings their levels of stress down, why not employ it in everyday life? \n Answer: Meditation can cure people of many illnesses.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a5b722728a9647319bb27e23b1290f59",
            "input": "Article: Give it five minutes I used to be a hothead. Whenever anyone said anything, I'd think of a way to disagree. I'd push back hard if something didn't fit my world-view. It's like I had to be first with an opinion -- as if being first meant something. But what it really meant was that I wasn't thinking hard enough about the problem. The faster you react, the less you think. Not always, but often. This came to a head back in 2007. I was speaking at the Business Innovation Factory conference in Providence, RI. So was Richard Saul Wurman. After my talk Richard came up to introduce himself and compliment my talk. That was very generous of him. He certainly didn't have to do that. And what did I do? I pushed back at him about the talk he gave. While he was making his points on stage, I was taking an inventory of the things I didn't agree with. And when presented with an opportunity to speak with him, I quickly pushed back at some of his ideas. I must have seemed like such an asshole. His response changed my life. It was a simple thing. He said \"Man, give it five minutes.\" I asked him what he meant by that? He said, it's fine to disagree, it's fine to push back, it's great to have strong opinions and beliefs, but give my ideas some time to set in before you're sure you want to argue against them. \"Five minutes\" represented \"think\", not react. He was totally right. I came into the discussion looking to prove something, not learn something. This was a big moment for me. Richard has spent his career thinking about these problems. He's given it 30 years. And I gave it just a few minutes. Now, certainly he can be wrong and I could be right, but it's better to think deeply about something first before being so certain you're right. There's also a difference between asking questions and pushing back. Pushing back means you already think you know. Asking questions means you want to know. Ask more questions. Learning to think first rather than react quick is a life-long pursuit. It's tough. I still get hot sometimes when I shouldn't. But I'm really enjoying all the benefits of getting better. If you aren't sure why this is important, think about this quote from Jonathan Ive regarding Steve Jobs' reverence(respect) for ideas: And just as Steve loved ideas, and loved making stuff, he treated the process of creativity with a rare and a wonderful reverence. You see, I think he better than anyone understood that while ideas ultimately can be so powerful, they begin as fragile, barely formed thoughts, so easily missed, so easily compromised, so easily just squished. That's deep. Ideas are fragile. They often start powerless. They're barely there, so easy to ignore or skip or miss. There are two things in this world that take no skill: 1. Spending other people's money and 2. Dismissing an idea. Dismissing an idea is so easy because it doesn't involve any work. You can scoff at it. You can ignore it. You can puff some smoke at it. That's easy. The hard thing to do is protect it, think about it, let it marinate, explore it, riff on it, and try it. The right idea could start out life as the wrong idea. So next time you hear something, or someone, talk about an idea, pitch an idea, or suggest an idea, give it five minutes. Think about it a little bit before pushing back, before saying it's too hard or it's too much work. Those things may be true, but there may be another truth in there too: It may be worth it. \n Answer: He kept notes for things that he did not agree with.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author do while Richard was talking in the business conference?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-262713f7e698440eb091aa9cd03187f9",
            "input": "Article: Job advertising on the web Register a new account Log in to an existing account Promote your casual work, graduate or internship ,opportunity with an advertisement on the Careers Centre database free of charge. Your advertisement will be viewable to all university of Sydney students and appear in 'Job Alert' - a daily email to subscribing students. You can also target alumni (up to five years after graduation) - advertise on our database and it will be visible at AlumniOnline. If you advertise through the Careers Centre you will need to agree to our advertising terms and conditions. Unpaid work We are unable to advertise unpaid internship work experience or volunteer positions unless: the position fulfills part of a University curriculum and has faculty approval, or it is a volunteer position with a registered not-for-profit organisation. Our unpaid and volunteering work info brochure has essential information for employers wishing to offer unpaid work including alternative suggestions. You can also contact the Careers Centre for assistance. Submit an advertisement To upload your job advertisement: log in to the Careers Centre employer database - if you don't have a username you'll need to request a new account click 'job ads' and fill out the form agree to our advertising terms and conditions submit your advertisement for review by the Careers Centre. Advertisements are displayed for a maximum of two months. If your position is filled before your registered deadline please log in to the database and withdraw your ad. What to include in your advertisement We've found there is generally a better response to advertisements that are clear and informative. The following information is important to include: job title and description of duties skills and/or experience required hours worked, and flexibility with regard to study/exam timetables location of the work pay rate/basis of payment - visit the Fair Work online website for pay rates and other employment conditions, or call their help line on 131394 how to apply and close date for applications your contact details, including email address and phone number for Careers Centre staff (these do not appear with the job advertisement, however they are required for office purposes should we need to contact you). Cost It is free to advertise on our jobs database. Related services For greater promotion of your opportunities, consider: sending a targeted email-out to the students you wish to recruit( ) booking a booth at a careers fair if you are promoting a graduate or internship program. Contact us For help submitting an advertisement or more information, contact the Industry Development Team: P (02) 8627 8408 E careers.administration@sydney.edu.aucareers.administration[at]sydney.edu.au. \n Answer: people recruiting employers",
            "output": [
                "What kind of people is the passage intended for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72ec0fa5e21a4d4ca7016944717d24f9",
            "input": "Article: Struggling in the US? Move to China! I graduated from the university with a degree of civil engineering. It is a good field but my heart was not in it. I wanted to be an actor or work in the entertainment industry...living a creative life. My choice of civil engineering was really a mistake but I realized too late. As soon as I graduated, I moved straight to Los Angeles--the home of the film and television industry! For three years, I tried to get a job in that field. I often worked as an extra in movies and TV shows--standing in the background while actors are in the foreground. This was fun for a while, but I wanted a real acting job, where I was speaking! Sadly, in Los Angeles, there is too much competition. Every race and age is represented: old, young, black, white, Asian and thousands of blondish-red haired Midwestern types like me. Being an extra couldn't make enough money for me to live in Los Angeles. I had to do something else for money. After three years of trying, I gave up my dream of being an actor and started a different career. I then tried network-marketing, but in the end, that failed. Seven years after graduating college, I was still in debt, still searching for a satisfactory life. I decided to go back to civil engineering. However, I was starting to get very disappointed with my life. Why is life not like what I expected? I expected to have made a lot of money, gotten married, with a house and nice cars, kids, time freedom, etc.  _ I want my life to be different, more satisfactory, more alive. America was not providing that for me... In addition, America was too expensive--always worrying about money was a headache. I wanted a life filled with adventure, romance, friendships, successes, and dreams realized. ... I decided to move to China. \n Answer: Positive",
            "output": [
                "How can we describe the writer's attitude toward life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-831758e9fe4e467fa172d19d13e268d4",
            "input": "Article: Children grow quickly, especially their feet, but many families cannot buy new shoes each time a child needs them. As a result, about 300 million children around the world go barefoot. Those children risk picking up diseases and parasites from the soil. An American man may have a solution for those barefoot kids -- a shoe that grows with the child. Kenton Lee is the creator of The Shoe That Grows. He explains how the shoe works and how it is able to last so long. \"It grows in three places: the front; it can also grow on the side with Velcro; and on the back with our buckle. It can last up to five years. The bottom is compressed rubber like tire rubber. The top is just high-quality leather.\" The shoe comes in two sizes: small that fits children aged 4 to 9 and large for children aged 9 to 14. Lee says he got the idea for the shoe while working as a volunteer in an orphanage in Kenya. \"... and there was a little girl in a white dress walking next to me. And I just remember looking down and seeing how small her shoes were. They were just way too small for her feet. They were so small that she had to cut open the front of her shoes to let her toes stick out. And I just remember thinking, wouldn't it be nice if there were a pair of shoes that could grow with her feet?\" However, Lee says it was not easy to turn his idea into a reality. \"I kept writing down I should do this because of this or because of that. All these reasons why it really was important for me to try to make the shoes that could grow and try to help.\" Finally, in 2009 Lee founded a non-profit organization called Because International. In the office of Because International, Lee keeps a pair of his own shoes to help him remember his promise. \"I told myself I would not get new shoes until the idea was done. So, those are the shoes that I wore for a little over five years.\" \n Answer: They come in different sizes.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the characteristic of the newly invented shoes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-462cf1c9408c4f6c951eacac533920a7",
            "input": "Article: Most people think about donating blood. However, very few actually do it. Even the most consistent ones donate an average of just three to four times during their lifetime. Now the officials in Sweden are trying to change the trend with the help of modern-day technology. The encouragement to donate again begins shortly after the donor leaves the clinic when he/she receives a \"thank you\" text. Though that certainly helps them feel appreciated, what is even more pleasing is the text they receive each time their blood is used to help someone in need. Karolina Wiberg, manager of the Stockholm blood service, believes this small gesture not only results in repeat donors, but helps bring in new ones. _ that was started in Stockholm has received such positive feedback that it is now being rolled out across the country. However, Swedish officials are not stopping there. They are also encouraging local clinics to publish the exact levels of the different blood groups they have at any given time on their websites. This allows potential donors to realize that their blood can make a difference in saving someone's life. While all these outreach( ) programs are great, busy citizens, even the ones with the best intentions have to be occasionally reminded. In order to jog their memories, officials ask people for authorization  to send them text, Facebook, and e-mail reminders. Though that may sound disturbing, the citizens do not seem to mind, given that the messages are light-hearted and fun -- things like \"We won't give up until you bleed.\" Though Sweden is currently the only country using modern technology to urge more donations, don't be surprised if more join in, especially if the Nordic country's blood banks start to overflow! \n Answer: To inform them their blood is used.",
            "output": [
                "Why is another text sent to blood donors after a \"thank you\" one?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51baf59c136942c2b85cc35b2943a6b2",
            "input": "Article: The Pew report,which was based on surveys carried out in Britain,France,Germany, Italy,Spain,Greece, Poland and the Czech Republic,said that the European Union was  \"the new sick man of Europe\".The percentage of Europeans with a good view of the EU has fallen from 60 percent last year to 45 percent now.   The UK may be considered the most Eurosceptic country ,but its support for the Union has barely changed in the past 1 2 months,falling only two points to 43 percent.But,France's backing for the EU has fallen sharply,from 60 percent last year to 41 percent today.     On the question of whether to remain in the EU, 46 percent of the British want to leave the Union and surprisingly,the same percentage want to stay.     The Pew report's authors said,  \"The long-term economic crisis has created bad forces that are pulling the European apart,making the French away from the Germans and the Germans away from everyone else.The effort over the past half century to create a more united Europe is now the main disaster of the euro crisis.\"     The only European leader supported highly by their own voters was the German Chancellor Angela Merkel, with 74 percent voters.Prime Minister David Cameron was the next highest with a positive score of 37 percent among the British public,and he can take some comfort from the fact that 58 percent of the Poles and half of all French people think he is doing a good job.      Besides the dark economic future and the growing question of the EU,there were more than 60 percent in favor of keeping it. \n Answer: There's a slight  change of the UK's supporting for the EU.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE of the recent Pew report?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-36c00b5486aa41c2a7522a677be2c8c5",
            "input": "Article: Why do people cross their fingers when facing difficulties-eve non-religious people? Why do we blame the black cat when we saw the low score of the test? These habits have been referred to as magical thinking and can be found everywhere in daily life. For example, a person wishes something bad for an annoying colleague. Or parents pray for a safe fight when seeing their son off.  Psychologically helpful In examining these habits, scientists decided to search for a reason for humans' belief in magical powers. Psychologists have their own approach to the question.  \"I think in part it's because we are constantly exposed to our own thoughts, and thus likely to overestimate their connection to outside events. \"said Emily Pronin, a psychologist in the prefix = st1 /US. For people who are uncertain of their own abilities or slow to take action, magical thinking can be a great help, explained Dr. Daniel Wegner, a professor psychology at Harvard. Feeling that their own thoughts can control things can help people fight depression.  A trait gained through evolution But evolutionists have their own ideas.  Two schools of evolutionary thought have come up with reasons by analyzing the development of humans. They are the \"adaptationists \"and the \"byproduct theorists \".  The adaptationists say that belief in magical powers makes people feel better, less worried about difficulties, more focused on the future, and more willing to care for themselves. People with a strong faith (in something) have a better chance of surviving a tough environment or competition.  But in byproduct theory,magical thinking is a product of our psychological features.  \"We automatically look for an explanation of why things happen,\"explains Justin Barrett, a psychologist, The brain, therefore, has evolved to make quick judgments about causation . So we often link two events based on nothing more than coincidence. For example, \"I was just thinking about looking up my old high school girlfriend when she suddenly called me. \" Another psychological feature is the theory of mind. We recognize that there could be an unseen power of mind affecting the outcome of an incident.  Byproduct theorists claim that because of these features, we are born with a tendency to believe in our magical thinking.  But we need to confine our magical thinking, warn psychologists.  For most people, beliefs are just some sort of comforting private ritual. When something important is at stake, such as a test or a performance or a relationship, people don't simply perform their private rituals. They have to prepare. \n Answer: Dr. Daniel Wegner believe magic thinking can be a great help.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the next?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-99a729dcc8c14266a40710dc30291195",
            "input": "Article: Shopping in the United States changes a lot.About ninety years ago most people shopped in small stores that were owned by one person or a family.Women went from the bakery to the butcher's to the grocer and on to the fruit and vegetable seller in order to get their food for the week. Then about sixty years ago, supermarkets were born.In a supermarket, people could get all the different kinds of food they needed without going to different stores. The next big change in shopping in the United States was the shopping mall.A shopping mall is a group of stores under one roof.Because malls allowed people to shop without worrying about the weather, they soon became very popular.The mall became a place for people to socialize in addition to shopping.If you walk through a mall, you will see older people sitting, chatting and drinking coffee.Malls are places for teenagers to hang out.Many teens will often just \"go to the mall\" and spend time with their friends. The recent change in American shopping was the superstore.Large chain stores such as Wal-Mart, Office Depot and Toys \"R\" Us have been built all across the United States.Because they are so large, they can buy goods at a great discount and sell them much cheaper than smaller stores. Sometimes, when they are built near small towns, many of the small town stores have to close.They just cannot compete with their giant neighbors. And now, online shopping is becoming more and more popular all over the States.People are too busy to go to the physical stores, so they go shopping over the Internet.Online shopping has lots of advantages.For instance, online stores are usually available 24 hours a day.Searching or browsing online shops can be faster than browsing the physical stores.While, online shopping also has its disadvantages.People are at higher risk of being cheated on the part of the merchant than in a physical store.And privacy of personal information may be let out. \n Answer: Shopping malls",
            "output": [
                "Which is the place for people to spend time with others according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c031419302114c4da4764a81e6554571",
            "input": "Article: Ariau Amazon Towers The Ariau Amazon Towers hotel lets you sleep in a tree house. Eight towers make up this hotel that offers over 300 rooms. If you really want to get into the spirit, book the Tarzan Suite which is large enough for a big family. You'll be thirty feet up in the air and can travel between the towers through their wooden walkways. Prices: starting at $300 one night for each person for a regular room and going all the way up to $3000 for the Tarzan Suite. For more information, visit the website: [Link] The Ice Hotel Every winter in Jukkasjarvi, Sweden, a special kind of hotel called the Ice Hotel is built. Each year, world-famous artists are invited to design and produce works of art from the ice, many of which can be found in the rooms. You'll have your choice between hot or cold rooms, but you will be well advised to stay at least one night in a cold room for a true experience. Prices: starting at $318 one night for each person for either a cold room or a warm one. For more information, visit the website: [Link] Propeller Island Propeller Island City Lodge is a very special hotel that was designed by a German artist. Each room provides you with the possibility of living in a work of art. Every single piece of furniture in the thirty rooms of the hotel has been hand-made and each room is completely different. You'll be able to choose a room based on your own personal tastes. Prices: starting at just $91 a night, and an additional person for only 20 extra dollars. For more information, visit the website: [Link] For information about other cool hotels in the world, visit the website: [Link] \n Answer: You can sleep in tree houses.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about the Ariau Amazon Towers hotel?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cd72e71b62b54fcab67503cf3c82621e",
            "input": "Article: It's 2035. You have a job, a family and you're about 40 old. Welcome to your future life. Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror, \"Turn red,\" you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronics are rearranged in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe that you are 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, people in your generation may live to be 150 years old. You're not even middle-aged. As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl, you hear: \"To lose weight, you shouldn't eat that,\" from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. \"Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast?\" A list of possible foods appear on the counter as kitchen checks its food supplies. \"Ready for your trip to space. You ask your son and daughter.\" In 2005 only specially trained astronauts went into space -- and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacation. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three strawberries each, your add, \"The doctor said you need these for space travel.\" Thanks to medical advices, vaccination shots are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain specific vaccines. With the berries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door. It's time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. \"My office. Autopilot,\" you command. Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and unroll your e-newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video films rather than read it. \n Answer: The medicine.",
            "output": [
                "What changes the color of your shirt?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f88b5e16611a49049966c7fb31d6a89e",
            "input": "Article: A treasure trove hidden for centuries has been discovered in the underground vaults of a temple in southern India. The treasures include gold, diamonds and precious stones. The estimated value of the hoard is reportedly 22 billion US dollars. Hundreds of armed police have been deployed around the temple. Meanwhile, a debate about how to use the money has also broken out across the country. After discovering the treasure trove in Sri Padmanabhaswamy Temple in the southern Indian state of Kerala, the local government has assured  security of the temple. Elaborating on the security arrangements, Venugopalan Nair, Additional Director General of the Kerala Police, says the latest security devices are being used to guard the temple. Venugopalan Nair, Additional Dir. Gen. of Kerala Police, said, \"We are trying to bring in the latest technology with regards to surveillance  cameras, with regards to, you know digitalizing the various things which are available inside. We are keeping a constant sort of surveillance for every movement, which happens in the whole area surrounding the temple.\" According to temple authorities, the crowd at the temple has increased steeply after news of the discovery of the treasure trove. And the Administrative Officer of the Temple says the government has initiated appropriate steps to control the curious crowds visiting the temple. G. Jayasekharan Nair, administrative officer, said, \"To control the crowds the government itself is taking a lot of measures. They are trying to do whatever is possible from the premises of the temple. Apart from all that, the government has taken a favorable step and we are satisfied with them.\" Over the last week, a seven-member team of investigators broke into five secret subterranean vaults, and discovered jewels that have been lying untouched for hundreds of years. As estimates of the treasures' worth rise, a fierce debate is growing regarding what to do with the discovery. Kerala's top elected leader said the wealth would remain with the temple, while others say it should be used to pay for poverty alleviation . However, the government is adhering to the Supreme Court's ruling on ownership of the treasure found in the temple. \n Answer: It hasn't been decided yet.",
            "output": [
                "How will the government deal with the treasure mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-45d35ccacab04e12970623c287209a77",
            "input": "Article: When people who are nature lovers worldwide wish all humans to realize the importance of their natural surroundings, many Australians are turning caring for the environment into a way of life. Julie, an Australian housewife in Brisbane is one such example. Even though autumn is approaching Australia's Brisbane in April, one can still watch colorful blooming   flowers in Julie's little garden, as she tells that in her community,\"Each of us has a beautiful yard. The whole community, from children to elderly people, takes care of the environment as if they are taking care of their own garden.\" \"Gardening is the most popular club in our community,\" she says. \"A lot of retired people don't just regularly organize gardening lectures, but also personally visit families in the community to provide gardening training. So you can see that flowers continue to blossom  in our gardens throughout the year.\" Talking about her people's sense of caring for the environment, Julie says when people in the community take along their dog, they always carry a garbage bag to deal with the dog's waste. \"In our community, you will never experience the embarrassment of stepping on the dirty waste while you are walking on the grass,\" says Julie with a smile. \"Taking care of the dog's waste can also help to develop children's sense of responsibility!\" As to protecting water resources, the Australian government has made strict rules for families. Julie says, \"We certainly would not use tap water to water the flowers!\" She says almost every family in her community has a huge tank used to store rainwater, which is later used as the resource of all outdoor water use, including car washing and watering the garden. This year, they also asked people to connect the water tank with their toilets. \n Answer: Families are taught how to take care of their gardens.",
            "output": [
                "Why can flowers be seen all year round in Julie's community?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0d27e512db124481ba750af43358516a",
            "input": "Article: Read the following reviews for movies that are showing at the moment. And then answer questions. Happiness(Romance)  Happinesstells the story of two people (Lisa Turbot and Danny Roy) who work for different advertising companies. They talk on the phone all the time and don't like each other. But then they _ by e-mail and fall in love. This movie will be very popular with teenagers and people who like romances. It also has beautiful music. I Scream(Thriller)  InI Scream, Paul (Colin Jacks) is a young man who joins a thriller club. Each of the members tries to frighten the others. Paul is told to stay in an old house for the night. Everyone who has tried to stay in the house before has died. This movie is very frightening but also quite silly. It doesn't make sense for Paul to stay in the house when things start to go wrong. Only for people who like thrillers. Paul's Heroes(Comedy)  This is a very funny war movie set in World War Two. Six soldiers (including Sammy Turblow) have to get to Italy to take secret messages to the American army there. During the movie, they dressup as women and fight with Italian workers. You can guess the ending, but it's great fun getting there.  _  (Drama)  This is a very good drama with Jack Ross, who plays a hard-working truck driver. His wife becomes ill and he has to find a doctor who can help her. In his travels he meets Dr. Lloyd (Phil Driver) who has found the cure for the illness, but Jack Ross has only twelve hours to get the medicine back to his wife on the other side of America. This is an excellent movie, which is very exciting. \n Answer: The 2nd one.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the four movies is the least popular with people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c1fc9826073427282b6df4da2220b13",
            "input": "Article: Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed, for many of the poorest regions of the world, it remains the next big thing--finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better. Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60% . That is some way behind the U.S. ,where there are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the Internet. Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005 , after the fall of the Taliban ,which had banned TV, I in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013--pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families. Television's most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands approval and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health care. TV is also a powerful medium for adult education. In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Bollywood songs with words in Gujarati on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small but significant improvement in their reading skills. Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide. \n Answer: Over two thirds of families in the world will have a TV by 2013.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3690c8c7b4414b40a2097ca7ddc8d9be",
            "input": "Article: What's your idea of a good time? What about dancing in a rainy field with one hundred and fifty thousand other people while a famous rock band plays on a stage so far away that the performers look like ants? It may sound strange but that is what many hundreds of thousands of young people in the UK do every summer.Why? Because summer is the time for outdoor music festivals. Held on a farm, the Glastonbury Festival is the most well-known and popular festival in the UK.It began in 1970 and the first festival was attended by one thousand five hundred people each paying an admission price of PS1 -- the ticket included free milk from the farm. Since then the Glastonbury Festival has gone from strength to strength -- in 2004 one hundred and fifty thousand fans attended, paying PS112 each for a ticket to the three-day event.Tickets for the event sold out within three hours.Performers included superstars, such as Paul McCartney and James Brown, as well as new talent, like Franz Ferdinand and Joss Stone. Although many summer festivals are run on a profit-making basis, Glastonbury is a charity event, donating millions of pounds to local and international charities. Glastonbury is not unique  in using live music to raise money to fight global poverty.In July of this year, the Live 8 concerts were held simultaneously   in London, Paris, Rome and Berlin.Superstars such as Madonna, Sir Elton John and Stevie Wonder performed in order to highlight international poverty and debt. \n Answer: The festival has achieved growing success.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mean by saying \"the Glastonbury Festival has gone from strength to strength\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f6c5260e30854e0f930d91e5bd7cb3d0",
            "input": "Article: Alice's mother died when she was five. Although her brothers and sisters were loving and caring, their love couldn't take the place of a mother's. In 1925 Alice became my mother and told me that her family couldn't even afford her a doll. One afternoon in December 1982, when I was getting ready for Christmas, I suddenly decided to buy two dolls, one for my five-year-old daughter, Katie, and one for my old mother. Things went smoothly when a friend told me that his dad, who played Santa Claus in my area, would be willing to make a visit on Christmas morning to our home with the gifts! Knowing that my parents would also come to my house, I began to get ready for the most memorable day of my mother's life. Christmas Day arrived and so did Santa Claus at the planned time. Katie was very excited and happy all the time to welcome the Santa. My mother was enjoying watching Katie welcoming this special guest. As Santa turned to leave he looked again into his bag and took out one more gift. As he asked who Alice was, my mother, without thinking of her name being called, said that she in fact was Alice. Santa handed her the gift with a message card that read: For Alice: I was cleaning out my sleigh   before my trip this year and came across this package that should be sent on December 25, 1925. The gift inside has aged, but I felt that you might still wish to have it. Many apologies for the lateness of the gift. Love, Santa Claus My mother was very excited and deeply moved to tears. She couldn't speak but only held tightly in her arms the doll she had waited fifty-seven years to receive as tears of joy flew down her face. That doll made my mother the happiest \"child\". \n Answer: Because Alice didn't love dolls.",
            "output": [
                "Why couldn't Alice get a doll as a child?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2404319fe8b0403e8348ddbfde3fe2ea",
            "input": "Article: The Opening of the Book Nook Saturday, October 4, 10 AM to 10 PM You will not want to miss the opening of your new neighborhood bookstore! Located at 2289 Main Street, the Book Nook is within walking distance of schools, many homes and businesses. Come and check out the Book Nook on Saturday! Activities will include: * Live music by local musicians * One Book-of-the-Month Club membership giveaway   Wide Selection The Book Nook has three floors with books of all kinds---any kind you could want. If we do not have the book you are looking for, we can specially order it for you. You will have it in your hands within two days! Reading Nooks We are proud of our children's reading area on the first floor, as well as our teenagers' nook on the second floor. Come for the activities and stay for a while! Settle in one of these inviting reading areas; take a seat with a good book and a free cup of hot chocolate. You will discover the perfect way to spend a few hours. Book Events The Book Nook will be featuring monthly book signings by different authors, giving you a chance to meet and speak with well-known writers. Don't miss the experience of hearing these authors read aloud their own books! The Book-of-the-Month Club Our Book-of-the-Month Club will feature 12 books each year. As a member, you will be able to select one new book each month. The membership fee is only $10.00 per month. That is a great price for 12 books each year! So please join us on Saturday and learn about all that the Book Nook has to offer. You can come anytime between 10 AM and 10 PM. Our activities last all day long! \n Answer: It is a well-located bookstore.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the Book Nook?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0a6ef3f0613c4e1c9d86813fbb4d3748",
            "input": "Article: Israel has passed a law banning the use of underweight models in advertising. Known as the \"Photoshop Law\", it also requires that agencies tell their audience if they've digitally changed pictures to make models look thinner. The new law forbids the use of models with a body mass index of 18.5 or less, a standard based on internationally accepted measures. The figure matches the set of fixed limits by the U. S. Department of Health. The law doesn't set a money amount that can be gained in court from such a _ . Lawmakers realize that it may be a long and difficult process to prove in court that a company broke the new law, but they feel that simply having the law in place will accomplish what they want; stopping advertising companies from continuing to influence Israelis with images of unhealthy-looking models as the gold standard of beauty. Some modeling agencies in Israel aren't happy. They say that the indexes on which the law is based are arbitrary  and are not suitable for every model. Many models who are totally healthy girls might be disqualified because of the law. Some models are naturally thin and unable to gain weight and the new law would unfairly prevent them from finding jobs. However, plus-size American supermodel Emme told CNN that she thinks the law will cause other countries to make similar measures against showing underweight models. \"I think this is fantastic because so many young women and men are suffering to look in a way that is unrealistic and unhealthy,\" she said. \n Answer: Banning underweight models in advertising.",
            "output": [
                "What is \"Photoshop Law\" about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9cc769cb4054928853fe403e5f319e1",
            "input": "Article: A group of graduates, well established in their careers, were talking at a reunion and decided to visit their old university professor, now retired. During their visit, the conversation turned to complaints about stress in their work and lives. Offering his guests hot chocolate, the professor went into the kitchen and returned with a large pot of hot chocolate and other things including cups-porcelain , glass, crystal, some plain looking, some expensive, some elegant -- telling them to help themselves to the hot chocolate. When they all had a cup of hot chocolate in hand, the professor said: \"I notice that all the nice looking and expensive cups were taken, leaving behind the plain and cheap ones. While it is normal for you to want only the best for yourselves, that is the source of your problems and stress. The cup that you're drinking from adds nothing to the quality of the hot chocolate. In most cases it is just more expensive and in some cases even hides what we drink. What all of you really wanted was hot chocolate, not the cup; but you consciously went for the best cups... And then you began eyeing each others cups. Now consider this: Life is the hot chocolate; your job, money and position in society are the cups. They are just tools to hold and contain life. The cup you have does not define, nor change the quality of life you have. Sometimes, by concentrating only on the cup, we fail to enjoy the hot chocolate we have. The happiest people don't have the best of everything. They just make the best of everything that they have. Live simply. Love generously. Care deeply. Speak kindly. Thank the Lord for your blessings in 2011. And enjoy your hot chocolate in 2012!\" \n Answer: During the get-together.",
            "output": [
                "When did they decide to go to see their professor?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72667033f6364a7db49e69162f8a867f",
            "input": "Article: China has recently been faced with serious issues of product safety. In Panama, it is said that medicine made with a poisonous chemical sickened some people. A Chinese company had identified it as diethylamide glycol ( []), a low - cost substitute commonly used in automobile antifreeze . Some countries have banned Chinese-made toothpaste containing diethylamide glycol. China has now told companies to discontinue its use, even though it says the toothpaste is safe. Another industrial chemical, melamine, was found in wheat flour used to make pet food in North America. Thousands of dogs and cats became sick. The United States has restricted some imports of Chinese seafood because they contained banned substance. And questions have been raised about other products, including children's toys covered with lead paint. Chinese officials promised to provide the European Union, the biggest trading partner, with detailed reports on enforcement efforts against unsafe goods. Meglena Kuneva, commissioner   for consumer protection of the European Union said China should have kept its promise. China recently closed three companies linked to the Panama and the pet food scare. And _ dismissed the former head of its food and drug administration. He was found guilty of corruption   for approving unsafe drugs. This week, a conference of the State Council approved a proposed special measure on the supervision of food safety. The Xinhua News Agency said it calls for stronger controls over producers, greater responsibilities for government and more serious punishment for illegal activities. But Chinese officials have accused some foreign media of overstating problems with goods made in China. They say food imports from the United States also fail inspection sometimes. Next Week, American and Chinese food safety officials are planning to hold 5 days of meetings in Beijing to discuss cooperation. \n Answer: Five",
            "output": [
                "How many cases with safety problems are mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-77d24e4e508d4f35939bf20a0b3d029b",
            "input": "Article: What is a lifestyle and how is that different from a life? A lifestyle is about brand names and buying identity or fame. Lifestyle gives a false sense of peace and acceptability that comes from others recognizing what you've bought into (as well as bought). If your car, clothes, and home are expensive, you're sophisticated  and stylish. If you have the right kind of job or go to the right social gatherings, then you receive the insincere approval of others. This means that your self-esteem  is always at the mercy of others, with no appreciation of you as an individual. A life, on the other hand, is very different. A life is what you lead when you know what matters most to you. It is very simple and comes from being connected to what you know is important and being willing to put that first, no matter what others may think. When you create a life vs. a lifestyle, your self-esteem comes from what's inside you, not what others think about you. Lifestyle is expensive financially and personally, because it costs a great deal to keep up appearances and do what you think is socially acceptable. A life is not expensive. Rather than using personal or financial resources, a life generates energy and staying power. It's about liberating yourself from the mindless consumption that society expects. It is about making the choices that are in line with your values, instead of using up your bank account or energy for no heart-driven reason. How can you make the change? Understand the difference between a life and a lifestyle. Analyze your current lifestyle to see what is costing you in money, time, stress, and energy to maintain it. Let go and make room for what is really important to you, what supports you and brings you joy. Remember who you are from within, not what you own! \n Answer: We think that how others see us is more important than what we think of ourselves.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following examples best explains \"what is life about\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f675e59ba57b45138d1ed1f0a97f42ac",
            "input": "Article: An old man went to live with his son, daughter-in-law, and a four-year-old grandson. The family ate together at the dinner table. But the elderly grandfather's shaky hands and failing sight made eating rather difficult. Peas rolled onto the floor. When he took the glass, often milk spilled on the tablecloth. The son and daughter-in-law became unhappy with  _ . So the husband and wife set a small table in the corner. There, grandfather ate alone while the rest of the family enjoyed dinner at the dinner table. Since grandfather had broken a dish or two, his food was served in a wooden bowl. Sometimes when the family glanced in grandfather's direction, he had a tear in his eyes as he ate alone. Still, the couple blamed him sharply when he dropped a fork or spilled food. The four-year-old son watched it all in silence. One evening, the father noticed his son playing with wood scraps   on the floor. He asked the child, \"What are you making?\" The boy responded, \"Oh, I am making a little bowl for you and mama to eat your food from when I grow up.\" The words so struck the parents that they were speechless. Then tears started to stream down their cheeks. Though no word was spoken, both knew what must be done. That evening the husband took grandfather's hand and gently led him back to the family table. For the rest of his days he ate every meal with the family. And for some reason, neither husband nor wife seemed to care any longer when a fork was dropped, milk spilled, or the tablecloth soiled. Children are surprisingly  _ . Their eyes always observe, their ears always listen, and their minds always process the messages they get. If they see us patiently provide a happy home atmosphere for family members, they will imitate that attitude for the rest of their lives. The wise parent realizes that every day is being laid for the child's future. \n Answer: He made a wooden bowl for them.",
            "output": [
                "What did the little boy react to his parents' behavior?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5574209fed834705b243e3468f387966",
            "input": "Article: Under new rules posted by the Civil Aviation   administration of China on Friday, pilots will have to pass a \"level four\" test of Mandarin Chinese, China's official language. Those who speak with an accent that \"often impedes\" comprehension will not pass. These rules take effect in January 2016. China's 56 ethnic groups speak more than 80 languages and dialects. Even native Mandarin speakers can have trouble communicating with each other depending on the strength of their accents, which can be mutually unintelligible  . One flight trainer illustrated the scope for linguistic confusion, especially when common English aviation terms are used. Asked if there is a problem on board, a Chinese pilot might answer in the negative with the words mei you, or \"there isn't. But someone speaking with a heavy Sichuan accent would pronounce mei you as \"May day\" - unconsciously parroting the universally recognized distress call  .  Like their international counterparts  , Chinese aviators have developed codes to avoid confusion resulting from homonyms   or near-homonyms. They use the terms yao for one and guai for seven, which are otherwise pronounced yi and qi respectively and easily confused. The new rule could affect all pilots, who must renew their license every six years, and adds to a growing list of burdens for the profession. \n Answer: \"May day\" is a distress call in our everyday life.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d44a06fc1d114e56a8ba04ba4125d013",
            "input": "Article: How to protect children Web fans from unsuitable material on-line while encouraging them to use the Internet has long been discussed in the US. For some parents, the Internet can seem like a jungle, filled with danger for their children. But jungles contain wonders as well as danger. With good guides, some education, and a few precautions( ), the wilds of the Internet can be safely navigated. \"Kids have to be on-line. If we tell our kids they can't be allowed to surf the Internet, we're cutting them off from their future,\" said an expert. Most kids have started to use search engines. Many of them are great for finding tons of interesting Internet sites, and they can also locate places where you might not want your kids to go. There are search engines designed just for kids. A certain software contains only sites that have been selected as safe. The most popular way would be to use what is known as a \"content screener\". But this can't be wholly reliable( ), and the best thing parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what is OK or not OK to see or do on the Internet. Another way is that mum or dad is nearby when the child is surfing the Internet. A few other tips: --Do not put the PC in a child's room but keep it in an area where mum or dad can keep an eye on things. That also makes the Internet more of a family activity. --Ask your child what he or she has been doing and about any friends they make on-line. --Tell your child not to give on-line strangers personal information, especially like address and phone number. And tell your children never to talk to anyone they meet on-line over the phone, send them anything, accept anything from them or agree to meet with them unless you go along. \n Answer: To talk to the children and persuade them to tell right from wrong.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best way to protect children from improper material?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6cb59329e5d04a66953a317ca67e8c06",
            "input": "Article: The computers and the Internet The computer is one of the most important inventions of today. Ever since it was invented, it has changed our lives a lot. People can do a lot of things with the computer. For example, some software can be used too help people finish their work. If one can't finish it at once, the computer can save it so that one can find it quickly the next time. When you talk about computer, you must mention the Internet.. The Internet is a huge worldwide collection of computer networks. A network is a small group of computers working together. You can find information about almost any topic in the world from this network.. For example, you can use the Internet instead of a library to find information about current issues for your homework. You can also find information about your favorite pop or film stars, talk to your friends or even do some shopping. As well as words, most pages include pictures, sounds, and even videos. Email is a fast and cheap way to keep in touch with friends and family. It's much cheaper and quicker than sending a letter. Quick, easy and fun---that is the Internet. However, it also has its shortcomings .If you always _ the computer, you could become lazy and lonely. There is also a lot of bad information on the Internet. Some of it is bad for our ideologies . Many parents don't allow their children to use the Internet because they think that the Internet is useless and they only think about its disadvantages. In my opinion, the computer and the Internet are good for us if we can adopt a correct attitude towards them. They are several reasons. Firstly, they can store a very, very large amount of ... \n Answer: In the future, we can use the computer to do everything.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-24668ca67da74be2b95e88131ec5e95d",
            "input": "Article: Two new studies have investigated why fewer women, compared to men, study and work in the so-called STEM subjects in the United States: science, technology, engineering and mathematics. The American Association of University Women(AAUW) examined existing research. Its report \"Why So Few?\" suggested ways to interest more girls and women in the STEM fields. The researchers found that cultural and environmental factors make a difference. Researcher Christianne Corbett says more boys than girls score very high on math tests in most countries, but Iceland and Thailand are exceptions. \"This is something that we point out in our report--that cultural factors and societal factors can make a difference in who achieves at the very high levels and whether girls are achieving or not.\" Another study carried out by the Campos Company for the Bayer Corporation in the United States asked more than 1,000 women and minority members of the American Chemical Society about their experiences.77% said not enough women and minorities are working in STEM today, because they were not encouraged to study those subjects in school. The study, producing results similar to the AAUW research showed there's still a lot of work to be done. \"They say their interest in science begins before the age of eleven. So we need programs that get in front of kids while they're young in elementary school.\" Increasing diversity in professions leads to better products, better science. And developing this science and engineering workforce is important to the nation's economic development. \"No matter what career you go into, whether it's accounting, human resources or science career, it's important that you can think creatively, you can work in teams, you can adapt to change and that's important for everybody,\" says Rebecca Lucore. \n Answer: Boys are more creative than girls.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about the situation in Iceland and Thailand?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c30768cce95740fc858d9175798cb785",
            "input": "Article: Lying within, the inner London Borough of Southwark, this hugely improved non-selective Secondary Academy School is looking to recruit   and appoint a talented Science Teacher in April 2016 or sooner. POSITION:Science Teacher | KS3 --5| All Science specialists welcome DEPARTMENT:Popular & Ambitious Science Department LOCATION:Borough of Southwark -- Zone 2 -- Inner London PERSON:Qualified Science Teacher required -- experience in UK or overseas trained START DATE:April 2016 or sooner -- full time & permanent contract on offer SALARY:Inner London Pay Scale -- PS29,270 ~PS37,862 a year PERSON REQUIREMENT: All applicants will need to be suitably skilled, trained and qualified to be considered for this Science Teacher position. Applicants should feel confident across Key Stage 3, 4 and 5, in addition to having a real desire to make a difference and provide pupils under their care with a first class education . SCHOOL & TRAVEL INFORMATION: This is a typically diverse inner city school, suitable for a broad range of pupils aged 11 to 18 years old. The school has made huge steps and progressed from a satisfactory to a good school. Results are constantly improving, thanks to the staff in place, who are responsible for creating and delivering a broad curriculum. The school site is a short walk away from the nearest underground and rail stations, positioned within inner London, Zone 2. Those living in South and Central London are perfectly positioned for this position. If you are a hardworking Science Teacher, hoping to become part of an improving Inner London Secondary, get in touch today. Please apply and submit your up-to-date CV using the form . One of the Clarus Education Team will be in touch within 48 hours if shortlisted  . \n Answer: Experience in UK.",
            "output": [
                "What is a must for the recruited teacher?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9b39331f7a4442caa31380754a83722",
            "input": "Article: I was now in my twenty third year of residence in this island and was accustomed to the place and to the manner of living. If it had not been the savages who had come to the place to disturb me, I could have been content to spent the rest of my time there, even to the last moment, till I had laid me down and died, like the old goat in the cave. I had also arrived to some little recreations and amusements, which made the time pass more pleasantly with me a great deal than it did before. At first, I had taught my Poll to speak. And he did it so familiarly and talked so clearly and plain that it was very pleasant to me. And he lived with me no less than twenty six years. How long he might live afterwards, I don't know; though I know they have an idea in Brazil that they live a hundred years. Perhaps poor Poll may be alive there still, calling Poor Robin Crusoe to this day. I wish no other English man had the bad luck to go there and hear him. But if he did, he would certainly believe it was the devil . My dog was a very pleasant and loving companion to me, for no less than sixteen years of my time, and then died of mere old age. As for my cats, they multiplied to that degree that I had to shoot several of them at first to keep them from eating up all I had. Besides these, I had two more parrots which talked pretty well and would all call Robin Crusoe, but none like my first. Nor indeed did I take the pains with any of them that I had done with him. I had also several sea-fowls, whose names I don't know, that I caught upon the shore and cut their wings. And the little stakes which I had planted before my castle wall being now grown up to a good thick bush, these fowls all lived among these low trees and bred there, which was very agreeable to me; so that as I said above, I began to be well content with the life I led if not worried about the threat from the savages. \n Answer: The savages always spoiled Robin Crusoe's happy life.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-338d09b9d87b408fbf693084c3921be6",
            "input": "Article: Three Central Texas men were honored with the Texas Department of Public Safety's Director's Award in a Tuesday morning ceremony for their heroism in saving the victims of a fiery two car accident. The accident occurred on March 25 when a vehicle lost control while traveling on a rain-soaked State Highway 6 near Baylor Camp Road. It ran into an oncoming vehicle, leaving the occupants trapped inside as both vehicles burst into flames. Bonge was the first on the scene and heard children screaming. He broke through a back window and pulled Mallory Smith, 10, and her sister, Megan Smith,9,from the wreckage. The girls' mother, Beckie Smith, was not with them at the time of the wreck, as they were traveling with their baby sitter, Lisa Bow bin. Beckie Smith still remembers the sickening feeling she had up on receiving the call informing her of the wreck and the despair as she drove to the scene. Bozeman and Clemmons arrived shortly after Bonge and helped rescue the other victims and attempted to put out the fires. \"I was nervous,\" Bozeman said.\" I don't feel like I'm a hero. I was just doing what anyone should do in that situation. I hope someone would do the same for me.\" Everyone at the accident made it out alive, with the victims suffering from nonlife-threatening injuries. Mallory Smith broke both femurs, and Megan had neck and back injuries. Bowbin is still recovering from a broken pelvis, ankle and foot. The rescuers also were taken to the hospital and treated for cuts and smoke breathing, Bonge said. In addition, Bozeman not to meet accident victim Anthony Rus so in the hospital after the accident, where Russo presented him with a glass frame inscribed with\" Thank you,\" Bozeman said. Those involved in that fateful encounter on Highway 6 credited God blessing for bringing them together. \"Whatever the circumstances, Tuesday's ceremony provided a time to be grateful for those who put their lives on the line for the lives of complete strangers,\" Beckie Smith said,\" We're calling it The Miracle on Highway 6.\" \n Answer: Modest.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be used to describe Bozeman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4f8f1b42fd8c42baa8285d4de85699f4",
            "input": "Article: Nelson Mandela was a figure of international fame, and many details of his life and career were public knowledge. But here are four things you may not have known about the late South African leader. 1. He was a boxing fan. In his youth, Nelson Mandela enjoyed boxing and long-distance running. Even during the 27 years he spent in prison, he would exercise every morning. \"I did not enjoy the violence of boxing so much as the science of it. I was curious by how one moved one's body to protect oneself, how one used a strategy both to attack and retreat, how one paced oneself over a match,\" he wrote in his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom. 2. His original name was not Nelson. Rolihlahla Mandela was nine years old when a teacher at the primary Methodist school where he was studying in Qunu, South Africa, gave him an English name \"Nelson\" in accordance with the custom to give all school children Christian names. 3. He forgot his glasses when he was released from prison. Mr. Mandela's release on 11 February 1990 followed years of political pressure against apartheid . Mr. Mandela's reading glasses stayed behind in prison Mr. Mandela and his then-wife Winnie were taken to the centre of Cape Town to address a huge and exciting crowd. But when he pulled out the text of his speech, he realized he had forgotten his glasses and had to borrow Winnie's. 4. He had his own law firm, but it took him years to get a law degree. Mr. Mandela studied law on and off for 50 years from 1939, failing about half the courses he took. A two-year diploma  in law on top of his university degree allowed him to practice, and in August 1952, he and Oliver Tambo set up South Africa's first black law firm, Mandela and Tambo, in Johannesburg. He kept on studying hard to finally secure a law degree while in prison in 1989. \n Answer: Unknown things about Nelson Mandela.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d5b132adc733417b8853613f79a87abe",
            "input": "Article: Directions: Read the following passage. The passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.   It may be open to discussion which city is the most beautiful in the world. But in terms of \" the most livable\", Melbourne has ranked top in a survey done by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) in August. In fact, four cities Down Under are among the top ten most livable cities. The climate in Australia is warm and mild, particularly in major coastal cities. As a result, people spend much time outdoors. They go to the beach, to the countryside, or play sports outdoors in fields.  Take Melbourne for example. The city features many open green spaces and beautiful long beaches. Melburnians  (people from Melbourne) have a strong love for sports. The city hosts the annual Australia Open,  the Formula One Grand Prix, cricket, rugby and homegrown football. It is also home to museums, art exhibitions and drama festivals. The comfortable environment has encouraged many people to migrate  to the country and Australia is known for being very multicultural or its cultural diversity . \"We have tried to introduce a sense of belonging in Australia,\" said Chris Bowen, the Australian Minister for Immigration . \"Multiculturalism is about inviting every individual member of society to be everything they can be ... to develop as individuals.\" This could be the reason behind another Australia quality that Guardian reporter Stephen Brook has noticed: Australians do patriotism  much better than the Brits. \"I once witnessed two Australian viewers at a tennis tournament show more support for the Aussie player than the rest of the British arena,\" he wrote. It is also an Australian tradition to stand up for the  _ . In the 2000 Olympic Games, the Sydney public watches an African swimmer who was barely able to swim 50 meters. Even though most people in the stands knew that even they could have swum better than him at that point, they cheered his every stroke  as if he were on his way to a good medal. During the 2003 Rugby World Cup, the level of support they showed for the Japanese team surprised viewers since Japan had little hope of winning.  \"Australians don't need to be victorious in order to feel like a worthy person. When they cheer for the underdog, seeing other human beings having the courage to take on hardship, they get the emotional satisfaction they need,\" wrote a blogger on convictcreations.com, a website dedicated to Australian culture. \n Answer: Qualities that make Australia stand out as \"the most livable\" place in the world.",
            "output": [
                "What is the article mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a78a7daf0f3241df8cc1286849694430",
            "input": "Article: In ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment. Modern businesses have been following his lead,with more tactics . One tactic involves where to display the goods. Foe example, stores place fruits and vegetables in the first section. They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food later in their trip. In department stores, section is generally next to the women's cosmetics  section:while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe, bored customers are likely to wander over cosmetics they might want to try later. Besides, businesses seek to appeal to customers' senses. Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping, they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day. Music sells goods, too. Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played, sales of French wine went up. When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewarding tactics. They find that customers make decision in the first few second upon walking in the door, and turn it into a business opportunity. A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly. When entering the house, the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows, and then the poll through an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses. \n Answer: To sell them at discount prices.",
            "output": [
                "Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the first section?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-49a968ae0e4b4f24b139afa585fa972f",
            "input": "Article: Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patient---to speed recovery or to cover the coming of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed   by greater needs: the need to protect from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to advance the public interest. What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical check up just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months. Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctor reject that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Should they at least hide the truth until after the family vacation? Doctors face such choices often. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones. Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate   faster, perhaps even commit suicide. But other studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians; a great majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about serious illness, and feel cheated when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanly conveyed, helps patients cope this illness: help them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after operation. There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception  . Yet the public has every reason to know professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to trust. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, \"What you don't know can't hurt you.\" \n Answer: Whether patients should be told the truth of their illness.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-289965970f0f4be38221d82e0e9f509f",
            "input": "Article: In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an intemational festival of music,dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War. At the same time, the \"Fringe\" appeared as a challenge to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947,in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform,and they did so in a public house disused for years. Soon,groups of studentsfirstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge,Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh. Today the \"Fringe\",once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre,music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959,with only 19 theatre groups performing,some said it was getting too big. A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1,25 million tickets were sold. \n Answer: To bring Europe together again.",
            "output": [
                "Point was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at he beginning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f0fb97658cc4e81b62ce8888ce9568d",
            "input": "Article: Educating Girls Is a Real Lifesaver Clare Short knows it. Every developing economist knows it. The World Bank knows it. The education of girls is the surest way to reduce poverty. The reason is simple. All the evidence shows that taking girls out of the fields and homes, and putting them behind desks, raises economic productivity, lowers infant and maternal  death rates, reduces birth rates, and improves environmental management. Why, then, are 90 million primary school-age girls around the world not in school? For the same reason that when Charles Dickens was writing David Copperfield 150 years ago girls were absent from the British education system: Men in power mostly prefer _ that way, or are not interested enough in changing the situation to commit energy and money to doing so. The countries with the poorest record for having women in positions of power or influence have the worst figures for girls' education. High-profile intervention  by organizations such as the World Bank has begun successfully with several countries, and more of the same will probably be needed to bring change in conservative, male-run states. Even if there were no development payoff from gender equality in schools, the education of girls would still be a cause worth fighting for. Education is a human right, and the denial of it to girls is a scar on the community in the twenty-first century. To be born a girl in a rural area in Nepal, Pakistan, Indonesia, Morocco, Togo, or Sudan -- half a dozen of the most shameful performers -- means being condemned to a life without school, education, or clean water, marriage and babies coming too early, too many births, children who die of preventable diseases, backbreaking work in the fields, subordination  to husband and his family, and an early death. Every year, almost 12 million children under the age of five needlessly die of infectious diseases associated with poverty. But each additional year spent by their mothers in primary school lowers the risk of premature child deaths by about 8 percent. In Pakistan, an extra year of school for 1,000 girls could prevent sixty infant deaths. With women and girls being the main farmers in Africa and southern Asia, their education offers a chance to develop more efficient farming practices, improve output, and raise awareness of the ecological needs of the land with tree planting and farming. Therefore, the world community cannot afford to ignore this avenue of change. \n Answer: It lowers maternal death rates.",
            "output": [
                "Which is Not the reason why educating girls reduces poverty?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-33d118c35fa343a488366811d3c4ed28",
            "input": "Article: Most people who live in Seattle, Washington, love their city. There is a never-ending flow of fun things to do. But, people who live there do not always enjoy the day-after-day absence of sunshine during the winter months. It is documented fact that sunshine (or lack of it) plays a major role in how each of us meets the day. It also affects how we perform at school or work. When people are derived of sunlight, they can develop seasonal affective disorder, which makes it difficult for them to feel happy or get things accomplished. No major city in the United States is more affected by the \"sunshine factor\" than Seattle. To fight drizzle and fog during the winter months, Steve Murphy created a business that is very popular among the locals. The Indoor Sun Shoppe is more than a little ray of sunshine during the gray days of Seattle's winter. His shop offers a huge source of plants and artificial lighting for people who are trying to overcome seasonal affective disorder. Located in Fremont, Washington, The Indoor Sun Shoppe has an amazing collection of exotic plants and \"good bugs\" in a humid and well-lit environment. At The Indoor Sun Shoppe, you can spend up to $400 for artificial lighting that will chase away the winter blues. It will also keep your plants healthy. You can buy a dawn simulator that will gradually fill your room with a warming wake-up glow. What better way to meet a Seattle morning when real sunshine is nothing more than a happy thought! Murphy's in-home waterfalls are also popular with customers. But his plants and lights remain the \"main course.\" On a cloudy winter day, The Indoor Sun Shoppe is a bright spot in Seattle! \n Answer: People who live in Seattle are used to the sunshine absence.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7f61b044ec7945aab5f95b827f2daa5c",
            "input": "Article: I love everything about making Easter dinner except the Saturday shopping. That day, the supermarket can be as crowded as a department store at Christmas. And this Easter, on top of my regular checklist, I had to buy the ingredient  for a delicious, new recipe I'd discovered: sliced ham and turkey layered with Swiss cheese and cabbage, all wrapped in pastry dough. Trouble was that my work schedule had left me no time to shop earlier in the week. I would get up extra early and take care of everything on Saturday morning, I thought, as I drove to the office on Friday. But that morning, Yola, one of my co-workers, asked if my husband Robert and I would help her move the next day. \"I really don't have anybody else to ask,\" she apologized. \"Sure,\" I told her, soft touch that I am. Early Saturday morning, Robert, my 15-year-old son Ben, and I drove our truck to her old apartment. Oh, the piles of furniture and boxes! It took us till late afternoon to get her settled in her new place. By the time we returned home, I was exhausted. I don't know how I'm going to go shopping now, let alone cook Easter dinner, I thought. The only ingredient I had at home was the cabbage. On the kitchen counter were two shopping bags of food that Yola had sent home with us -- her thanks for helping her move. She was leaving on a trip the next day, and didn't want the food to go to waste. I reached into the first bag and pulled out a package of sliced ham. Well, that's lucky, I thought. Then I pulled out a package of sliced turkey, and another of Swiss cheese. That's strange, I thought. There's no way Yola knew my Easter dinner plans. I reached back into the grocery bag, thinking of the Easter miracle. All of a sudden, the strangest feeling came over me. I lifted it out. It was a box of pastry dough -- the final ingredient I needed for my recipe. \n Answer: Shop in the supermarket.",
            "output": [
                "According to her plan, what was the author going to do on early Saturday morning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ce95780f820849e9b348fc8b2e5832fb",
            "input": "Article: Soon after you have your first child, the question of having a second one is raised by friends and family. However, as the pattern of having two children in a family is challenged by modern family units, there are a few reasons why it is not selfish to want only one child.  Today, the role of women has changed a lot. But nowadays, a wife has to help her husband earn the bread and butter as well as well as looking after her family. In demanding times like these, a woman has to put in more physical and emotional effort than any other member of the family.  Raising a child comes at a cost that remains only heard of, until you find yourself paying it. The good reality of double income with no kids suddenly comes crashing down when there is a child involved in the picture. When one parent (the mother) needs to take some time off to look after the newborn, only one person becomes the earning member. Of course, the expenses went up rapidly. According to Susan Newman, PhD, a social psychologist, the average cost of raising a child is $227,000 from birth to college. Most young mothers also think that having one child would mean that there is more income for the child, and thus, better facilities can be provided. It is much easier to educate a single child at a good school, and give him/her better life with more resources at hand.  With several children in the house, it becomes increasingly difficult to find ways to spend time with all of them. Dividing your time with just one child means that you can devote a little more time to doing the things you want to. In a single child unit, there are less comparison and more chances for positive motivation to learn new things. A happy child, who deserves the rightful attention, love, care, and time from both the parents, always gets a meaningful childhood, for both the parents and the child. \n Answer: It is not selfish to have only one child in a family.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer mainly want to tell us in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e11abd77b03540cbb9a9ccbf0cb4696e",
            "input": "Article: \"Now I just don't believe that.\" Surely all of us, at some point, have watched a movie and thought: It's simply badly researched, or, the makers must think we're fools. If movies were completely scientifically accurate, they'd probably be as interesting as a Physics 101 lecture. In real life, there are no explosions in space, gas usually doesn't explode from a lit cigarette, and Bruce Willis / Jackie Chan / Will Smith would most likely be in a coma  after getting kicked in the head. Recently, the British newspaper The Daily Telegraph ran a humorous piece on unconvincing tech moments from some top movies. Let's see what _ are all about. Telegraph writer Tom Chivers' first example is from the end-of-the-world movie Independence Day, in which a character comes up with a virus capable of destroying Windows, the computer system the alien  spacecraft uses. \"It's a good thing they didn't have Norton antivirus,\" jokes Chivers. It's just one case of a movie that takes a lot of license with its science. Another one Chivers mentions is from Star Wars, where glowing beams of light traveling through space look very impressive. The problem is that in space there are no air particles  for the light to reflect off. In reality, they'd not be seen, which wouldn't look so cool on the big screen. Chivers' second piece of Star Wars nonsense is the sound the fighters make in the movies: \" the bellow  of an elephant mixed with a car driving on a wet road\". But sound needs a medium to travel through, like air. In space, there wouldn't actually be any sound at all. Few people would deny that the mind-bending Matrix films make for great viewing, but for Chivers, the science in the movies is a little silly. And finally: as Chivers points out, DAN is not replaceable. But this bit of elementary genetics passed the makers of the 2002 Bond film Die another Day by. In the film the villain  has \"gene therapy\" to change his appearance and his DNA, which is completely impossible. \n Answer: Mistakes made in some movies.",
            "output": [
                "What does the text mainly deal with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-04c7685fd42a4f76a69ac0e2b7b59028",
            "input": "Article: If you had a strange sound in your ear, what would you do? One man in Wales who thought he had a fly in his ear called 999, the emergency services number in Britain. And so did a woman who was worried about her green potatoes. Could she make chips with them? Were they poisonous? She didn't hesitate about calling the local ambulance service to ask. According to a recent report, more than 31,000 non-urgent calls were made to the Welsh Ambulance Service in the last year. Inappropriate calls are a headache for health professionals everywhere. In the US, prank calls to 911 happen on a daily basis. Many callers use apps which hide their identity. But those who try to be funny shouldn't be surprised if the police _ . One man from Colorado was arrested for making more than 1,200 prank calls, according to a report on the US television station KOAA--TV. People who take these calls are trained to stay calm and keep a straight face, no matter how strange the call sounds. \"There's no way for us to know whether the call is real, accidental or a prank call,\" said a public safety worker interviewed by the American TV channel. The Head of Clinical Services at the Welsh Ambulance Service, Richard Lee, has a warning for prank callers. He says:\" When people misuse the service it means our precious time is being taken away from someone who really does need our help.\" Indeed, these hotlines are supposed to help the seriously ill or those with a life-threatening injury. You never know, one day, the person who needs assistance could be you or someone in your family. \n Answer: By giving examples.",
            "output": [
                "How does the author introduce the topic of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eb472341e1264d1f9dcbdeb0455e9fd8",
            "input": "Article: Recipients of this year's Annenberg scholarships were announced on June 19. Brittany Blythe was one of them. In seventh grade,Brittany Blythe dreamed of being a cheerleader . Her school's coaches were less than enthusiastic. \"They said. 'I don't know how you'll be able to do it'. \"she recalls. \"'You won't be able to do it'.\" But Brittany,now a junior at Strath Haven High School near Philadelphia,refused to give up. And when the junior school cheerleaders won a tournament last year, she was right there,dancing and cheering with the rest of the team. Not bad for someone whose legs were cut off below the knee when she was two years old. Brittany,18,was born without shinbones --\"just blood and muscle tissue,\"as she puts it. When she tried to walk, her legs twisted. After the operation, she adapted quickly. \"From day one,I basically jumped up and wanted to do everything,'' she says. Prostheses allowed her to move around upright. But too slowly to keep up with her friends. Brittany's solution was to take the legs off and walk on her knees something she still does when safety and comfort permit. She has been rarely discouraged. Other children laughed at her through the years,especially in junior high school,but she says the challenge only made her stronger. Now she's trying to convince her coaches to let her remove the prostheses and be a flyer. The cheerleader who's thrown in the air and caught by her teammates. Brittany doesn't think her problems put her at a disadvantage. \"My disability was the first thing I had to get through., and that's going to prepare me for the future. \"she says. \"It's all just a test:If someone throws you a difficult problem,what are you going to do?\" \n Answer: Doubtful",
            "output": [
                "What was the coaches' first attitude towards Brittany's dream?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e03e3d5d1d5b430989165beb0a15e245",
            "input": "Article: It's 5pm on a Friday and I'm standing in a coffee shop above Shibuya crossing - one of the most busiest place in Japan where more than a thousand of Tokyo's smartly dressed people gather at eight points, ready to cross - then rush straight for each other. It looks like they must bump into each other, but It's amazing that they all manage to reach the other side safely. But the real reason I'm here is that I want to see people crash. I want businessmen to knock into each other, their umbrellas flying off their arms, and uniformed schoolchildren hitting grannies. Why may I see this now, but wouldn't have had the chance even a year ago? It's very simple - smartphones. Smartphone use is booming in Japan. In 2012, only about a quarter of Japanese used them, most being perfectly happy with their everyday mobiles. But now more than half of all Japanese now own a smartphone and the number is rising fast. But with that rise has grown another phenomenon - the smartphone walk. Those people who're staring at a phone screen adopt this kind of pace- their head down, arms outreached, looking like zombies trying to find human prey . Surprisingly, an American named Michael Cucek who has lived here for more than 20 years told me smartphone walk probably wouldn't be a long-term problem. Japanese phone manner is in fact better than anywhere else in the world - hardly anyone speaks on their phones on trains, and teenagers wouldn't dare broadcast music out of one. If things got truly bad at Shibuya, the police would just start shouting at people to look up. But really, is the smartphone walk such an annoying problem? There's only one way to find out. So I leave the coffee shop, head down to the crossing and start typing an email, promising myself I won't look up until I get to the other side. When they start walking past me, it's my time to cross. As I step forward, the experience quickly becomes nervous - legs jump in and out of my vision without warning, while shopping bags fly towards my face before being pulled away at the last moment. I'm sure I'm going to get hit, but after a few seconds I relax. It's OK. Everyone's reacting for me. I expect to see two smartphone walkers just like me. But instead I find a young couple, very much in love and very much refusing to let each other's hands go just to give way to a fool on his smartphone. The girl gives me such a look of dislike that I quickly apologize and rush round them. That look was enough to ensure I'll never be smartphone walking again. \n Answer: Because it's interesting to see businessmen's umbrellas flying off their arms",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author stand in a coffee shop above Shibuya crossing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6460a392f07f46a2a8d08c1f6ae04802",
            "input": "Article: Some kinds of mental skills naturally decrease as people get older. Yet research seems to show that some training can improve such skills. A recently published study also appears to demonstrate that the good effects of training can last for many years after that training has ended. Researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland wanted to learn how long memory and thinking skills would last in older people who trained to keep them. The people were part of the ten-year research project. They were taught methods meant to improve their memory, thinking and ability to perform everyday tasks. More than 2,800 volunteered for the study called ACTIVE - short for Advanced (Cognitive) Training for Independent and Vital Elderly. Most studied when they were more than 70 years old. The volunteers took one of several short training classes meant to help them keep their mental abilities. One class trained participants in skills including how to remember word lists. Another group trained in reasoning. A third group received help with speed-of-processing - speed of receiving and understanding information. A fourth group - the control group did not get any training. Earlier results had established that the training helped the participants for up to five years. Now, lead study writer George Rebok says, the research showed most of the training remained effective a full ten years later. Professor Rebok and his team found that the people trained in reasoning and speed-of-processing did better on tests than the control group. \"We are wondering whether those effects which endured over time would still be there ten years following the training, and in fact, that's exactly what we found.\" The effect on memory, however, seemed not to last as long. Still, the old people in any of the three classes generally reported less difficulty in performing daily activities than the control group. The total training time for the older people was between 10 and 15 hours. \n Answer: The people were trained during a period of ten years.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is true according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ea53255604eb41a08bc4ae0120e5acb6",
            "input": "Article: When we say older people shrink, we don't mean they become tiny enough to fit in your pocket! We just mean that it's common for older people to become a little shorter over time. This kind of shrinking can't be reversed, although people can slow or stop this process. But why does shrinking happen at all? Because of gravity (the force that keeps your feet on the ground) , cushions between the bones in the spine  , get compressed  , which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter. Another reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis  . Osteoporosis occurs when bone is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it's not being replaced. Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured. Older people--especially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with--are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis can get small breaks in bones that are called compression fractures . These breaks cause collapse of the spine and over time the person with osteoporosis can become hunched over  . Did you know that every day you shrink a little, too? You aren't as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. That's because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter. Don't worry, though. Once you get a good night's rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you're standing tall again! Smoking and drinking alcohol can make this problem worse. Want to do something right now to build strong bones? I believe what I will say will help you. \n Answer: We aren't as tall at the end of the day as we are at the beginning.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-acabba47279a47168be252e9708d90b3",
            "input": "Article: John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his Army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose. His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in a Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell. With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War II. During the next year and one month the two grew to know each other through the mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was starting Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like. When the day finally came for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting --7:00 PM at the Grand Central Station in New York. \"You'll recognize me,\" she wrote, \"by the red rose I'll be wearing on my lapel.\" So at 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd never seen. I'll let Mr. Blanchard tell you what happened: A young woman was coming toward me, her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears; her eyes were blue as flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like springtime come alive. I stared at her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, attractive smile curved her lips. \"Going my way , sailor?\" she murmured. Almost uncontrollably I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Hollis Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl. A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat. She was more than plump, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. The girl in the green suit was walking quickly away. I felt as though I was split in two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own. And there she stood. Her pale, plump face was gentle and sensible, her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle. I did not hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify me to her. This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love, a friendship for which I had been and must ever be grateful. I squared my shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the woman, even though while I spoke I felt choked by the bitterness of my disappointment.  \"I'm Lieutenant John Blanchard, and you must be Miss Maynell. I am so glad you could meet me; may I take you to dinner?\" The woman's face broadened into a tolerant smile. \"I don't know what this is about, son,\" she answered, \"but the young lady in the green suit who just went by, she begged me to wear this rose on my coat. And she said if you were to ask me out to dinner, I should go and tell you that she is waiting for you in the big restaurant across the street. She said it was some kind of test!\" It's not difficult to understand and admire Miss Maynell's wisdom. The true nature of a heart is seen in its response to the unattractive. \"Tell me whom you love,\" Houssaye wrote, \"And I will tell you who you are. \" \n Answer: John came across Hollis in a Florida library.",
            "output": [
                "How did John Blanchard get to know Miss Hollis Maynell?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5bd2cf96a31b47dfbd7b9bce29b99dd0",
            "input": "Article: My friend Mike was shaking his head in disbelief. \"That young woman who just waited on me,\" he said, pointing to an employee of the fast food restaurant where we were eating, \"had to call someone over to help her count change. The cash register   showed her I needed 99 cents, but she couldn't figure out how to count out the coins.\" I understood Mike's concern. What we have done is to create several generations of individuals most of whom have no idea how to reason; how to do simple math; how to do research; or, finally, how to be creative . The reason for this is our overuse of information technology: video games, television, digital watches, calculators, and computers. Information technology feeds us information without requiring us to think about it and let us perform operations without understanding them.     It is time we took a hard look at an educational system that only teaches our children how to push buttons. Our kids can't tell time if the clock has hands. They can use calculators, but cannot add, subtract , divide, or multiply. Video games have taken the place of active, imaginative play. Although most of them are technically educated, they choose not to read. They are so used to television and movies that they cannot use their imagination to stay interested in a book.          Therefore, we must do something to help our children. If we don't, they will never learn how to solve problems. They will never learn even basic reasoning skills and will certainly not develop creativity. Instead of filling classrooms with electronics, let's concentrate on good old-fashioned literacy -- reading books. Students must see how things work and how processes lead to results, and they must also stretch their imagination. \n Answer: She was in need of coins for customer.",
            "output": [
                "What was the employee's problem?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9a846865c3184eb8afdfb1a82a6d402d",
            "input": "Article: There's a widespread perception  in the United States that a university degree is the key to success. But a growing number of educators now say there are other possibilities, especially for students who might not succeed at university level. This is not a traditional classroom. At the apprentice program run by the Plumbers and Steamfitters Union in the state of Maryland, Travis Strawderman and other students make money while they learn. \"I \\t's completely changed my life around,\" he said. \"I've been able to pay off all my debts. I can say I'm actually responsible enough to have my own family.\" Strawderman's five-year program teaches him technical skills free of charge. He says he considered university, but it didn't interest him. Economics Professor Robert Lerman says Strawderman is not alone. \"A lot of people are bored in high school,\" Lerman stated. \"They leave high school because they are bored. They want to do something besides sitting in a classroom.\" Lerman says the education system in the United States in too focused on pushing students to attend university. \"What we're doing now is we're doing now is we're saying unless you learn in this way you don't really have the chance for a rewarding career,\" he said. But Chad Aldeman, an analyst, says studies show the longer students saty in school the better chance they have at having a high paying and stable career. \"If you only are a high school graduate your wages are going to drop over your lifetime-as opposed to a college degree,\" he said. \"The college degree is really and insurance policey against unemployment and against low wages.\" \n Answer: In a high school",
            "output": [
                "Where does Travis Strawderman learn?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f1be8ab06f5947ce91da3c0d353835e2",
            "input": "Article: Now I know that we black people are much more likely to have high blood pressure and diabetes  than white people. And _ often lead to heart attacks and other untreated diseases. For example, black people are three to four times more likely than white people to have high blood pressure and twice as likely as the white population to die of a stroke . New research has found out the surprisingly high levels of salt in many of black people's favorite meals. I stopped putting extra salt in my food at the table long ago and I try to cut down on the salt I use in cooking. The recommended daily level of salt for adults is 6 grams. It is easy to see that if you avoid processed  foods and use salt in your cooking within the limit, you won't exceed the daily level. The research showed how much salt there is in some foods that we buy from restaurants and takeaways. An average salad with rice and peas has 6.2 grams of salt. This is more salt than you are supposed to eat for the whole day. A researcher talked about the importance of home cooking rather than take-outs. At home, he pointed out, not only can you hold control of the salt shaker, but also you can create tasty food which is low on salt. The researcher later provided curry goat and rice and peas. They were low on salt, but completely delicious. I do not suppose Jamaicans are going to stop buying takeaways soon. But if you suffer from high blood pressure, it is probably better not to buy them often. \n Answer: Eat less takeaways.",
            "output": [
                "What would the writer probably suggest black people do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eec754bf185443af8ffefcc326061053",
            "input": "Article: London Heathrow is the biggest airport in the UK, and it also handles more international passenger traffic than any other airport in the world. For this reason, enlargement was planned and on 27th March a fifth terminal opened to help to deal with the many passengers that pass through the airport. The new terminal has taken a long time to plan and build. The idea was first proposed back in the 1980s. The opening of it has been talked about widely in the media in the UK and expectations were high for the PS4.3 billion project.    However, in spite of long preparations at Terminal 5 ahead of the grand opening, things soon went into a mess. There were problems from the very beginning as staff had difficulties finding car parking spaces and getting through security to get into the building. This consequently caused a delay when passengers started to arrive and large numbers of staff were not in place. Long passenger queues formed and the slow start meant that everyone had to play catch-up from the beginning. Staffs were having problems using the new systems and a baggage operator told the BBC, it was all \"shambles   the moment the doors opened\". The terminal has been designed to handle 12,000 bags an hour but due to a reported \"lack of training and essential support that was promised\", a backlog   of luggage soon appeared.    By lunchtime on that first day, 20 flights had been cancelled to try to alleviate the problems. Flights continued to be cancelled in the days following the opening and up to 28,000 bags have now had to be placed in temporary storage. The British Airline, the only airline operating at Terminal 5 says it is working to clear the backlog, but the negative publicity caused by the shambles has not helped the airport or the airline's reputation at all. \n Answer: They had to wait a long time and play catch-up when checking in.",
            "output": [
                "What was the difficulty that passengers met with on the very first day of the opening?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7816aab6f18d42d5b9c6c16cf67030a1",
            "input": "Article: Teamwork is all about working together to achieve a common goal or purpose.Is teamwork out of date?Why it is so hard to effectively conduct teamwork in those things? One way we employ teamwork in everyday lives is by becoming a parent.It is a parent's job to teach their children the fundamental skills and give them the knowledge they need to be successful in life.So why is teamwork disappearing in this aspect of our lives?Well in today's society,we find that more and more parents are experiencing that the teamwork is one-sided thing.According to a 2009report from the US,there are 13.7million single parents raising their children in the US and this amount could be due to the fact that parents are not stepping up and taking responsibility for their children or they don't have the means to,so they leave one parent to do it by themselves.This is a saddening fact,but it reflects that effective teamwork is losing ground in the parenting aspect of our everyday lives. Another place where teamwork affects us greatly is in our jobs.It doesn't matter if you are a small or large company; if you have at least one employee and yourself,then teamwork will be present.I have noticed that with the current economic recession ,people are racing to grab jobs but the quality of people work has gone down greatly.It just appears to me that people do not take part in their work anymore.They want to get to work and work as fast as they can,just to receive the paycheck,but their quality standards   flew right out the window.This type of behavior is where I think teamwork is losing its ground in the workforce.There are too many people who want to work independently and forget they are a part of a team. As you can see,we run into the aspects of teamwork in just about everything we do.Do you believe teamwork is really losing ground in today's society?I think it is.What's your opinion? \n Answer: Many children are independent to deal with their matters.",
            "output": [
                "Why does teamwork disappear in the parenting aspect of my daily life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0d32aecfd17b4e78901caa577127e64f",
            "input": "Article: Opportunity knocked on my door last January when I was given a chance to work in another country. At first, it seemed really scary for me to live on my own. But I had to overcome the true challenge!     Luckily, I met seven new friends, six boys and one girl. They were really nice and I loved their company. We hung out most weekends. We cooked, watched movies, chatted and shared jokes! It was amazing -- until something unexpected happened !     One of my friends was diagnosed with kidney   stones which needed to be removed as soon as possible. But our friend could not afford the surgery. He tried to get help from our other friends but they refused him. My heart cried for him! Our friends abandoned him just when he needed them most.     I didn't know how to help him because I didn't have any money either. But I never lost hope. Instead I tried to think of other options. I told him not to worry because he might find a way somehow and everything would be all right.     So I went to the hospital with him. I talked to the surgeon, asking him to do the surgery for him and promising to pay the expenses the next day (As if I had that money). I must have been convincing because the surgeon agreed to do it! Now, how was I going to get that much money?     All I knew was that I needed to help my friend! I tried to borrow money from other friends but I failed. I tried selling my things but no one wanted them. Then I had to talk to my boss. I asked him if I could have my next two months salary in advance -- without even thinking on how I would survive for two months without money.     He was surprised and asked me why. I told him that I had a friend who was really in need.  Luckily, he gave my two months salary without hesitation! As soon as I had the money I ran to the hospital and paid all the bills.     Friendship may not only be found in happy moments. Sometimes you can find it on the toughest time in your life! \n Answer: To have his friend admitted into the hospital.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author go to the hospital with his friend?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-245a4e127d6645c18c7ba1ef7afc82cd",
            "input": "Article: Teenage life is quite dramatic but that doesn't mean you cannot enjoy your life in these years. Even with your daily troubles, your life is not very hard if you know how to deal with them. I know exactly how you feel. Life as a teenager can be hard. You are not a kid anymore, because you are smart enough to observe and analyze your surroundings. However, you are still not an adult because there are still lots of experiences that you need to have and lessons that you need to learn from these experiences. To top it all, the hormonal  imbalance in your body can really mess you up emotionally. I have been there. I was in it for 6 years exploring what life is about. As a teenager, I had a major problem with completing my chores  on time. And at that time, all that I need to do was finish my assignments, study for the upcoming test and clean my room. Now, I have lots of things to do: cooking, cleaning and working while striking a balance between all my relationships related to work, family and friends. That really is a lot of work. So, I will just give you one golden tip, quoting from Benjamin Franklin, \"Never leave that till tomorrow which you can do today.\" Life becomes much easier because I finish all my work on time and I have enough time to _ . Half the problems as a teenager are because we hate doing things. We'd rather go and have fun than sit down and take care of our duties and responsibilities. That is why you have so much trouble in your life; your parents won't let you go out with friends because you didn't clean your room or your professor is always criticizing you because you haven't finished your assignments. \n Answer: Scientists",
            "output": [
                "Whom is the text intended for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f0fd96119be145d9a509ae827d7f941a",
            "input": "Article: Chances are that you've had to apologize plenty of times in your life. And there's a goodchance that you've also expressed the phrase, \"I never meant to hurt you.\" Stop doing that, says author Caroline Myss. In a talk Myss - a spiritual researcher - took on the topic of forgiveness and healing, and explained in no uncertain terms why \"I never meant to hurt you\" is never a sufficient apology, no matter who it comes from. \"Picture that person coming up to you and saying, 'Wow, l'm sorry I did this, but, you know ,l never meant to hurt you. And, hey, can we just call it a day?\"' Myss says. Though it can make the two bur\\ the hatchet and keep friendship, that type of apology won't sit well with the person on the receiving end. \"That whole little thing -  'I never meant to hurt you' - that's the thing you can't forgive,\" she says. \"It goes right to your soul, that toxic  (, )  , sick feeling.\" Instead, Myss says it's important to approach the conversation differently. Basically, it's about offering more than an apology. It's about sharing a soul-to-soul confession    . \"Let's redo the scene,\" Myss says. \"The person comes up to you and says... 'I need to tell you something. Iconsciously knew what I was doing. I know I went against you. This is not an apology. 1 amconfessing my soul to you, and l'm asking now for your forgiveness.\"' Even saying those words on stages makes Myss visibly emotional, and she points out that this is how deeply apologies within the soul are supposed to resonate     . \"That's what heals,\" she says. \n Answer: We should confess our faults and ask for forgiveness.",
            "output": [
                "How should we apologize according to Myss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f7acc1ceca8b41c983749fb048a12c55",
            "input": "Article: How will you celebrate New Year's Eve? By having a party with your classmates? Going to the karaoke for a singing competition? Many people around the world celebrate the day. Let's have a look at what people in other countries do.     In the United States, thousands of people jam into Times Square in New York to welcome in the new year at midnight. The change from New Year's Eve and New Year's Day is very exciting. People count down   the seconds to welcome the new day as the New Year ball slowly gets down and lights up the area.     In Spain, when the clock strikes midnight, everyone eats 12 grapes. They eat one grape for each toll   to bring good luck for the next 12 months of the new year.     In Scotland, fireworks are set off in front of the Edinburgh Castle. Immediately after midnight, people sing Auld Lang Syne (<<>> ). The words are in Scottish and mean \"days gone by\". The famous Scottish poet Robert Burns wrote the song.     In Brazil, most people wear white clothes on New Year's Eve to bring good luck for the new year. If they live near a beach, after midnight, people go there, light candles in the sand, throw flowers in the sea and make a wish. They say that the goddess who protects the sea will make their wishes come true.     Did you know?     The date January 1 was picked by the Roman leader Julius Caesar   as the change of the year when he established his own calendar in 46 BC. The month of January was named after the Roman god, Janus. He is pictured with two heads. One head looks forward and the other back. They represent a break between the old and new. \n Answer: New Year joy all around the world.",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4bee93b795eb4cba8d1209e3cfc3eb69",
            "input": "Article: As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental attention are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember where we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old friend's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. It happens to most of us, but is it unavoidable? Scientists are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It turns that the brain needs exercise in much the same way as our muscles do, and the right mental workouts can improve our basic cognitive  functions. Now, a new San Francisco Web-based company has taken it a step further and developed the first \"brain training program\" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental sharpness. Called Lumosity, it was designed by some of the leading experts from Stanford University. Lumosity is far more than an online place to exercise your mental skills. That's because they have combined these exercises with a Web-based program that allows you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. Apparently it works. One study showed students improved their scores on math tests by 34 percent after using Lumosity for six weeks, greater gains than those made by other students in the same class, who were not training with the Lumosity program. The company says its users have reported clearer and quicker thinking, improved memory for names, numbers, directions, increased alertness  and awareness, high mood, and better concentration at work or while driving. \n Answer: To improve students' scores on test.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of Lumosity?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3b2356c916874bef829017b399a7e7bb",
            "input": "Article: In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more various jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important, and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another very important consideration is how each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of the worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about. To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them. \n Answer: Replacing large production lines with small ones.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best way to make workers work harder according to the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5bceb660712d44258e9277b40f3b543f",
            "input": "Article: Have you heard of the scandal that happened in one of Great Britain's biggest supermarket chains called Tesco? The British love Tesco as it sells very cheap products and it can be found on almost every corner of a British city or town. On January 15th 2013 food inspectors discovered 30 % horsemeat in a certain brand of frozen beefburgers that were mostly sold by Tesco in the UK and Ireland. In times of social media like Facebook and Twitter the news has spread fast and customers have been very concerned about what the food they buy actually contains. Tesco said it had taken away the burgers from the shop shelves immediately, and apologized to their customers. They also promised that they would find out what exactly happened and that they would work harder than ever so this would never happen again. Customers are also able to return the beefburgers and get a refund, that is, their money back. However, it will be hard for Tesco to get the people's trust back. Just imagine buying lovely beefburgers that you fry at home and suddenly you find out that you have actually eaten horsemeat! In this case not only horse lovers will be upset! By the way, why are British people so shocked about eating horsemeat? In history, horses have played great roles as working animals and as an important means of transport. When Britons of today think of horses, they think of majestic animals or cute pets rather than meat. But this is not the only reason for the protest: Customers also want to be sure that the products they buy contain what it says on the label. Hopefully, supermarkets can avoid mistakes like that in the future. Maybe there should be stricter regulations and more controls of our food? Otherwise we will soon find ourselves eating panda meat instead of pork and parrot instead of chicken. So the next time you are in a supermarket maybe check the ingredients of your food before you buy it or you could get a nasty surprise ... \n Answer: Horsemeat was found in burgers sold in Tesco.",
            "output": [
                "What is the scandal?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9794bdab357544f8aaa0108d13fd4249",
            "input": "Article: The challenge to drink to the limits of one's endurance has become a celebrated part of college life. In one of the most extensive reports on college drinking thus far, a 1997 Harvard School of Public Health study found that 43 percent of college students admitted binge drinking in the preceding two weeks (Defined as four drinks in a sitting for a woman and five of a man, a drinking binge is when one drinks enough to risk health and well - being ) Experts estimate that excessive drinking is involved in thousands of student deaths a year. And the Harvard researchers found that there has been a dramatic change in why students drink. 39 percent drank \"to get drunk\" in 1993, but 52 percent had the same objective in 1997. \"What has changed is the across - the - board acceptability of intoxication  ,\" says Felix Savino at UW - Madison. Many college students today see not just drinking but being drunk as their primary way of socializing. The reasons for the shift are complex and not fully understood. But researchers guess that it may have something to do with today's instant - satisfaction life - style--and young people tend to take into the extreme. While binge drinking isn't always deadly, it does have other, wide - ranging effects. Academics is one area where it takes a heavy  _ (something paid, lost or suffered). Perhaps because alcohol increases aggression and affects judgement, it is also related to 25 percent of violent crimes and roughly 60 percent of vandalism on campus. Facing the many potential dangers, college campuses are searching for ways to reduce binge drinking. \n Answer: Because it is in close connection with school violence.",
            "output": [
                "Why has \"binge drinking\" caused widespread concern?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c983c830d7874fd9bbe706b502e6ba7a",
            "input": "Article: Any high school students lucky enough to be accepted to Harvard University can easily count themselves among the country's best and brightest.  The story of David Boone's journey from sleeping on a park bench to one of Harvard's dorm rooms, certainly stands out from the crowd of his peers.  David, a 17-year-old senior at a MC2 Stem, a high school in Cleveland, Ohio that focuses largely on engineering and science classes with the help of a grant   from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, was offered a full-ride scholarship to Harvard in the fall.  His family life has been complicated for the past few years after gangs and economic hardships resulted in him being separated from his family and forced to look after himself on the streets and park benches in Cleveland.  Because both his grandmother and mother could not afford to house the teenagers, his siblings split up to stay with various family friends, but because of space issues and his allergies   to the families pets, David was unable to stay. He ended up in the safer neighborhood of Coventry where there was a safer park with fewer dangers.  \"All of these life lessons have shaped me into who I am, transforming my dreams and aspirations and allowing me to free myself from what was becoming an unproductive environment,\" he wrote in his blog post. David's thirst for knowledge had never been reduced and his enthusiasm for engineering and science was growing. A short while later, Jeff McClellan, the principal of MC2 Stem was immediately impressed by David's dedication in the face of adversity, as well as his academic talent.  \"Here's a kid who's doing everything in his power to get where he wants to go and we had the available resources to provide a little additional support, \"Mr McClellan told the local ABC News.  At MC2 Stem, David found the exact fit, where it seems he was born to absorb what they were offering. Principal Jeff McClellan found David to be a great student and all-around person, but with a serious living situation, so he stepped in to help. After a home discussion with his wife, McClellan decided to offer David a place to live until he could find another home. Mr McClellan and his wife took the teen in and helped him before he found a permanent solution.       When it came to his next step, David aimed high and applied for a list of top colleges, including the University of Pennsylvania, MIT, Princeton, Cornell, Yale, Harvard and Washington University in St. Louis. In the end, only MIT rejected his application and he was left to choose his own fate from the selective prestigious and mostly Ivy League schools.  David's next challenge is to fight back tears at graduation this weekend. \"I promised myself I wouldn't cry. But I realize that's what everyone does before they cry. I'm pretty sure there's going to be a lot of emotion there.\" he said. \n Answer: His facing acts of violence.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what is one of the reasons that made David homeless?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ba00cabc55ed409b8af2511c27367964",
            "input": "Article: New research at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis shows that people who struggle with mood problems or addiction can safely quit smoking and that kicking the habit is associated with improved mental health.       Cavazos-Rehg, an assistant professor of psychiatry, found that quitting or significantly cutting back on cigarette smoking was linked to improved mental health outcomes. Quitting altogether or reducing by half the number of cigarettes smoked daily was associated with lower risk for mood disorders like depression, as well as a lower likelihood of alcohol and drug problems.      \"We don't know if their mental health improves first and then they are more motivated to quit smoking or if quitting smoking leads to an improvement in mental health,\" Cavazos-Rehg said. \"But either way, our findings show a strong link between quitting and a better psychiatric outlook.\"      In addition, she believes the serious health risks associated with smoking make it important for doctors to work with their patients to quit, regardless of other psychiatric problems.      \"About half of all smokers die from related to smoking, so we need to remember that as complicated as it can be to treat mental health issues, smoking cigarettes also causes very serious illnesses that can lead to death,\" she explained.      Cavazos-Rehg and her team analyzed questionnaires gathered as part of the National Epidemiologic Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions. In the early 2000s, just under 35,000 people were surveyed. As part of the study, they answered questions about drinking, smoking and mental health in two interviews conducted three years apart.     The researchers focused on data from 4,800 daily smokers. Those who had addiction or other psychiatric problems at the time of the first survey were less likely to have those same problems three years later if they had quit smoking. And those who hadn't had psychiatric problems at the initial survey were less likely to develop those problems later if they already had quit.     \"We really need to spread the word and encourage doctors and patients to tackle these problems,\" Cavazos-Rehg said. \"When a patient is ready to focus on other mental health issues, it may be an ideal time to address smoking cessation, too.\" \n Answer: Quitting smoking may help to improve mental health.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d253374e504497cbd778b5d62670119",
            "input": "Article: It'll be an ordinary morning,like all the others.But instead of being woken up by the buzzing of an alarm clock, you'll be roused by the smell of freshly made coffee,light entering your room as the curtains open automatically,and a gentle back massage provided by your high-tech bed.     This is what a typical person's life will be like two decades from now,according to The Guardian. Want to know more?     After you get up,your apartment will be like an electronic orchestra with you as the conductor.With simple moves of your hand and spoken instructions,you'll be able to control your apartment's temperature,humidity,music and lighting.You'll be able to look through the day's news on translucent screens while your breakfast waits for you in the automatic oven.     As you move into your kitchen,maybe you will stub your toe on the edge of a cabinet. You'll grab your cell phone and open the diagnostics app.Inside your phone there will be a tiny microchip that uses X-ray waves to scan your body. The scan will reveal that your toe is just slightly hurt,not broken,which will convince you not to see a doctor.     After breakfast,your driverless car will take you to work.While you drive,your central computer system will suggest a list of chores your housekeeping robots could see to today and it will also remind you to buy a gift for your mother's upcoming birthday.     As you can see,with the help of advanced technologies,our lives will be more efficient. Teehnology will mitigate our forgetfulness and free us of many small burdens that distract us, such as buying a ticket or trying to remember our kids' parent-teacher meeting.Our brain will therefore be able to focus on more important things like preparing for a presentation or doing \"deep thinking\".     However,the development of technology might have some disadvantages as well. By 2033,we'll be relying heavily on the virtual world,which will mean that all of our data will be stored in the cloud,a remote digital storage system with near limitless capacity. That will increase the possibility of someone else accessing,sharing or controlling our personal information. \n Answer: To describe how advanced technologies will affect our future lives.",
            "output": [
                "What might be the author's purpose in writing the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e2170b63a3c94525b0ed27d84cbc1cab",
            "input": "Article: Elena Kagan has reached a lifelong goal:becoming a Justice on the United States Supreme Court.The U.S. Senate confirmed Kagan on Thursday by a vote of 6337.She replaces Justice John Paul Stevens,who retired in June. Kagan will take a sacred oath  to uphold the Constitution of the United States on Saturday at a swearingin ceremony.The new Justice will bring the number of women sitting on the nation's highest court to three.Kagan joins Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Sonia Sotomayor--all three New Yorkers. Kagan is the fourth woman in history to sit on the Supreme Court.Justice Sandra Day O'Connor was the first female Justice.She was appointed by President Ronald Reagan and served from 1981 to 2006. Kagan,who is 50 years old,is the second Justice appointed by President Barack Obama.(He appointed Justice Sotomayor in 2009.) Obama told reporters on Thursday that Kagan will make an \"outstanding Justice who understands that her rulings affect people.\" He also noted that the addition of another woman to the Supreme Court marks a sign of progress for the country.Obama and Kagan will celebrate her confirmation with a ceremony at the White House today. Kagan has spent most of her adult life working with the law.She served in President Clinton's administration as a legal adviser,was the head of Harvard Law School,and until her confirmation Thursday,was the U.S. Solicitor General--one of the most powerful lawyers in the federal government.Kagan was born in New York City.She grew up in an apartment on the Upper West side of Manhattan,the strongwilled,independent middle sister sandwiched between two brothers. Kagan's mother was a public school teacher who taught fifth and sixth grades.Her father was a lawyer. The new Justice once wore a judge's robe in a picture for her highschool yearbook.Now she'll be wearing real ones as she and the other eight Justices decide some of the most important legal cases. \n Answer: To take the place of an old Justice,a Justice was elected by the Senate.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11f76675f16643518c0ab430730c4d7a",
            "input": "Article: A woman was waiting at an airport one night, with several long hours before her flight. She bought a book and a bag of cookies in the airport shop, and found a place to drop. She was interested in her book, but the man sitting beside her grabbed a cookie or two from the bag in between, which she tried to ignore to avoid an argument. So she ate the cookies noisily and watched the clock, as the cookie thief diminished (......) her stock. She was getting angrier as the minutes passed, thinking,\"Oh, brother, if I wasn't so nice, I would blacken your eyes.\" With each cookie she took, he took one, too. When only one was left, she wondered what he would do. With a smile on his face, he took the last cookie and broke it in half. He offered her half, and he ate the other. She got it from him and thought, \" This guy has some nerve   and he's also rude. Why didn't he even show any gratitude?\" She had never known when she had been so angry. She gathered her bag and headed for the gate, refusing to look back at the thieving ingrate  . She boarded the plane and then she sought her book, which was almost complete. As she reached in her bag, she was shocked-- there was her bag of cookies. \"If mine are here,\" she thought, \"the others were his. It's too late to apologize.\" \n Answer: She didn't want to get into an argument.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the woman ignore it when she found the man eating the cookies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eaaa17d3be5e49299325251959d9d071",
            "input": "Article: Travel can be a lifesaver. But in today's economy   with airlines adding new fees almost daily and ticket prices sharply on the rise, many have written off travel as too expensive. However, with a few saving tricks and a little research, there are still lots of great deals to be had on airline tickets and more. Early Bird Gets the Deal. Travel experts say that there are certain times of day when more deals are available. Airfares can change three times a day as airlines adjust their prices to fill up flights. Early morning is when the fares tend to be lowest.www.zxxk.com What Wouldn't a Business Traveler do? Flying when business travelers don't can save you big money. Most business travelers fly on Mondays and Fridays, so Tuesday and Wednesday are the best days. Airlines will usually lower their prices on these days to aggressively try and fill empty seats.  _   _  Fly to popular places at unpopular times. The slowest time of the year for travel is in the Fall between Labor Day and Thanksgiving. Again, to try and fill more empty seats, the airlines will lower prices and offer better deals to get people to fly during this time of the year. Package Deals Many times the best deals on airfare can be found as part of a package rate. Most travel sites have package rates available. Often, the entire package (hotel, airfare, rental car) is cheaper than just the plane ticket on another site. Even if you don't need the rental car, with the money you've saved on the flight, you can afford to take a taxi. These deals are especially good on last minute bookings. With a little inside knowledge and some good timing, you can get yourself a steal on a ticket to the vacation you thought was out of reach. \n Answer: Tricks of Finding the Cheapest Flights",
            "output": [
                "Which would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-be5f56ac75ad4cbd94a393723cf7bde4",
            "input": "Article: \"To be or not to be.\" Outside the Bible, these six words are the most famous in all the literature of the world. They were spoken by Hamlet when he was thinking aloud, and they are the most famous words in Shakespeare because Hamlet was speaking not only for himself but also for every thinking man and woman. To be or not to be, to live or not to live, to live richly and abundantly, or to live dully and meanly. A philosopher once wanted to know whether he was alive or not, which is a good question for everyone to put to himself occasionally. He answered it by saying: \"I think, therefore I am.\" But the best definition of existence I ever saw was one written by another philosopher who said: \"To be is to be in relations.\" If this is true, then the more relations a living thing has, the more it is alive. To live abundantly means simply to increase the range and intensity  of our relations. Unfortunately we are so constituted that we get to love our routine. But other than our regular occupation, how much are we alive? If you are interested only in your regular occupation, you are alive only to that extent. So far as other things are concerned --- poetry and prose , music, pictures, sports, unselfish friendships, politics, international affairs ---you are dead. On the contrary, it is true that every time you acquire a new interest --- even more, a new accomplishment  --- you increase your power of life. No one who is deeply interested in different kinds of subjects can remain unhappy. The real _ is the person who has lost interest. Bacon said that a man dies as often as he loses a friend. But we gain new life by contacts with new friends, and new ideas and thoughts, too. Where your thoughts are, there will be your life too. If your thoughts are limited only to your business, only to your physical welfare, only to your narrow circle of the town in which you live, then you live a narrow restricted(, ) life. But if you are interested in what is going on in China, then you are living in China. If you're interested in the characters of a good novel, then you are living with those highly interesting people. If you listen intently to fine music, you are away from your immediate surroundings and living in a world of passion and imagination. To be or not to be --- to live intensely and richly, or merely to exist, which depends on ourselves. Let us widen and intensify our relations. While we live, let us live! \n Answer: Put forward an idea.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mainly want to do by this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cc97bd70e67a4ec099bc0577e6d37582",
            "input": "Article: Over the years, Brian Wansink, director of the Food and Brand Lab at Cornell University, has studied such things as how far Americans typically drive to buy food, how many times we refill our plates at all-you-can-eat buffets and how we organize our kitchens. In the mid-2000s he famously coined the phrase \"mindless eating\"(and wrote a book by that name) to focus attention on all the bad dietary decisions we make without really thinking about them. His new book, Slim by Design: Mindless Eating Solutions for Everyday Life, aims to change the design of restaurants, school lunchrooms, office cafeterias and homes so that the mindless choices we make will be more healthful ones. Some examples: Keep kitchen counters clear. No visible snack food, no bread, no nuts--not even breakfast cereal. In Wansink's research, \"women who had even one box of breakfast cereal that was visible-anywhere in their kitchen--weighed 21 pounds more than their neighbor who didn't.\" Trick yourself into drinking less wine. \"We tend to focus on the height of what we pour and not the width, so we pour 12 percent less wine into taller wineglasses than we pour into wider wineglasses.\" And the shape of the glass is not the only variable that affects how much we drink. Wansink writes: \"Because red wine is easier to see than white wine, we pour 9 percent less red wine whenever we pour a glass.\" Wansink said his researchers also found that people ate less at restaurants when sat in well-lighted areas near windows and doors, than in darker areas or in the back. They ate less if they were offered a doggie bag, or to-go box, before they got their meals: apparently the idea of getting a \"free\" second meal outweighed the impulse  to clean their plates. Workers who frequently ate at their desks weighed 15.4 pounds less, on average, than those who didn't. Fruits and vegetables kept on the top shelf of the refrigerator were eaten at higher rates than those on lower shelves. The point, Wansink says, is to consider findings like those and change your environment or habits. Then you won't have to think about it: You'll just eat less. \n Answer: Because he intended to help people make more healthful dietary decision.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Brian Wansink write Slim by Design: Mindless eating Solutions for Everyday Life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7ad0cb20ef184a0e9e3a025c38b1adc3",
            "input": "Article: \"Mama, when I grow up, I'm going to be one of those!\" I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my dream took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was exposed to more, my interests in the world of dance certainly varied but that little girl's dream of someday becoming a dancer in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a reality: I became a member of the company dating back to 1925. As I look back on that day now, it surely lacks any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief until I was halfway through rehearsals   on my first day. I never actually expect to get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely astonished. I remember shaking with excitement.  _ . Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to pick up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme attention to detail   and stress on practice that set us apart. To then follow those high-energy rehearsals with a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new meaning of the words \"hard work.\" What I thought were my physical boundaries were pushed much further than I thought possible. I learned to make each performance better than the last. Today, when I look at the unbelievable company that I have the great honor of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, I see a tradition that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow-and inspires people every day to follow their dreams. \n Answer: 80",
            "output": [
                "How many years has the Capital Dancing Company existed when the author received the phone call from it?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5d3007b6f4e643f3ad8a1c3dd26fc57f",
            "input": "Article: \"Family\" is of course an _ word. But when British people say that their society is based on family life, they are thinking of \"family\" in its narrow, peculiarly European sense of mother ,father and children living together alone in their own house as an economic and social unit. Thus, every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new and independent family--hence the tremendous importance of marriage in British life. For both the man and the woman, marriage means leaving one's parents and starting one's own life. The man's first duty will then be to his wife, and the wife's to her husband. He will be entirely responsible for her financial support, and she for the running of the new home. Their children will be their common responsibility and theirs alone. Neither the wife's parents nor the husband's, nor their brothers or sisters, aunts or uncles, have any right to interfere with them--they are their own masters. Readers of novels like Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice will know that in former times marriage among wealthy families were arranged by the girl's parents, that is, it was the parents' duty to find a suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich one, and by skillful encouragement to lead him eventually to ask their permission to marry her. Until that time, the girl was protected and maintained in the parents' home, and the financial relief of getting rid of her could be seen in their giving the newly married pair a sum of money called a dowry. It is very different today. Most girls of today get a job when they leave school and become financially independent before their marriage. This has had two results. A girl chooses her own husband, and she gets no dowry. \n Answer: Different definitions could be given to the word.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mean by \"Family is of course an elastic word\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c5139705772541abb3438bcf7dc0d49d",
            "input": "Article: A jobless man applied for the position of \"office boy\" at Microsoft. The HR manager interviewed him and then watched him cleaning the floor as a test. \"You are employed,\" he said. \"Give me your e-mail address and I'll send you the application to fill in, as well as date when you may start. \" The man replied, \"But I don't have a computer, neither an e-mail. \" \"I'm sorry,\" said the HR manager. \"If you don't have an e-mail, that means you do not exist. And who doesn't exist cannot have the job. \" The man left with no hope at all. He didn't know what to do, with only ten dollars in his pocket. He then decided to go to the supermarket and buy 10kg tomatoes. He then sold the tomatoes from door to door. In less than two hours, he succeeded to double his capital. He repeated the operation three times, and returned home happily with 60 dollars. The man realized that he can survive in this way, and started to go every day earlier, and return late. Thus, his money doubled or _ every day. Shortly, he bought a cart, then a truck, and then he had his own fleet of delivery vehicles. Five years later, the man is one of the biggest food retailers in the US. He started to plan his family's future and decided to have a life insurance. He called an insurance broker and chose a protection plan. When the conversation was concluded the broker asked him his e-mail. The man replied, \"I don't have an e-mail. \" The broker answered curiously, \"You don't have an e-mail, and yet have succeeded to build an empire. Can you imagine what you could have been if you had an e-mail?\" The man thought for a while and replied, \"Yes, I'd be an office boy at Microsoft!\" \n Answer: Because he didn't have a computer.",
            "output": [
                "Why can't the man have the job at Microsoft?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d7b1c4da6865408bb92a2bcac589b7b0",
            "input": "Article: Iceland, an island just south of the Arctic Circle, has fairly mild winters,  thanks to warm ocean currents. Time your vacation here during the winter months to take advantage of off-season deals. Off-season means good deals on flights, hotels and tours. You may also find that the locals are a bit friendlier and more welcoming when tourists aren't arriving in crowds. In the winter months, there are less than seven hours of daylight; thus, chances are good you'll catch sight of the northern lights. Sunsets are also beautiful at this time, making for some great photo opportunities. In Iceland, winter is the perfect time to hike glaciers, go ice climbing, explore caves made out of hardened lava  and much more. One of the most popular activities is off-roading  in a specially-equipped \"super jeep\". Before booking your trip, be sure to check for volcano alerts. There are about 130 volcanoes on or around Iceland. Thirty-five of them are active. In 2010, a volcano named Eyjaallajokull exploded, sending clouds of ash up to four kilometers into the atmosphere. The ash drifted toward the UK and Europe. Because the ask could damage aircraft engines, airlines operating in the region were forced to cancel flights for six days. As a result, thousands of people were stuck in airports. Recently, another volcano named Bardarbunga has become active, erupting ash into the air. Such events, if large enough, could prevent your trip from going ahead. So check the latest volcano news prior to making your reservations. \n Answer: The sky is dark for longer periods then.",
            "output": [
                "According to this article, why are you more likely to see the northern lights in the winter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f8a36a41dbe4467a9b0144a50c3977f0",
            "input": "Article: We might not be alone in the universe. Actually, it may be confirmed as a very crowded place by new computer models developed to help identify habitable planets. Estimates of places where life can exist have been based on the possibility of them having surface water. But software recently developed by the Aberdeen University allows researchers to identify planets with underground water kept liquid by heat from planets. Water is fundamental for life and planets too close to the sun lose water to the atmosphere through evaporation. On the other hand, planets located in distant reaches from their star have their surface water locked away as ice. Sean McMahon, who is carrying out the work, explained: \"Traditionally people have said that if a planet is in this Goldilocks zone--not too hot and not too cold--then it can have liquid water on its surface and be habitable.\" But this concept might change when considering that planets can receive two sources of heat--heat direct from the star and heat generated deep inside the planet. It is easy to observe it in our own planet. As you go down through the crust   of the Earth, the temperature gets higher and higher. Even when the surface is frozen, water can exist below ground. There could be immense quantities of water in fact--full of primitive life. Professor John Parnell, also from Aberdeen University said: \"There is a significant habitat for microorganisms below the surface of the Earth, extending down several kilometres\". \"And some believe that the majority of life on Earth could even reside in this deep biosphere.\" So the Aberdeen team are developing models to predict which distant planets might harbour underground reservoirs of liquid water with the possibility of alien life. \n Answer: Liquid water on its surface.",
            "output": [
                "What is considered as the symbol of life existence traditionally?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-63fc248aa88c4aa6b5b13d859a2bac9c",
            "input": "Article: Science Fiction The science fiction type of entertainment is considered by most to be fathered by Jules Verne (A Journey to the Center of the Earth and Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea) and H. G. Wells (The Time Machine and The War of the Worlds). Sci-Fi, as it is commonly shortened, is a fictional story in which science and technology have a significant influence on the characters and plot. Many such works are guesswork about what the future holds and how scientific findings and technological advances will shape humankind. Writing in the late 1800s, Jules Verne was remarkably successful in his 10 guesses about future technologies of air conditioning, automobiles, the Internet, television, and underwater, air, and space travel. Unbelievably, of all places from which to choose, Jules Verne guessed Tampa, Florida, USA as the launching site of the first project to the Moon, which was only 200 kilometers away from the actual 1969 location at Cape Canaveral, Florida. One of the best-known science fiction books is Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell. Published in 1949, it was not meant as a prediction, but as a warning: Orwell was describing what he saw as the outcome of the ideas, trends, and emerging technologies of his time. Many invented terms from this novel have become common in everyday use, such as \"big brother\" and \"doublethink\". Even the author's name has been made into an adjective--Orwellian--and has become a warning descriptor for situations where privacy is lost and the individual becomes sacrifice under a totalitarian  government. Nineteen Eighty-Four was translated into sixty-five languages within five years of its publication, setting a record that still stands. What helps bring science fiction into being is usually a new discovery or innovation. The author creates an analysis of the potential influence and consequences and then wraps it in a pleasant story. For example, the beginning of space exploration was followed a few years later by the Star Trek television program and movie series. Advances in genetics  cause fantasies of the end of disease, horrors of eugenics , and thrillers where creatures disappearing long ago are brought back to life. The science fiction author's self-determined role is that of field glasses for humanity--searching the world of future possibilities upon the road which we are traveling. \n Answer: A forecast of how a new discovery could influence mankind.",
            "output": [
                "What can science fiction offer to people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7916c811f0924ddcaded4ffe77998629",
            "input": "Article: Treetops, the hotel in the trees, are famous in the world. People know little about Kenya, but they know of Treetops. When King George VI died, Princess Elizabeth was staying on the Treetops, and when she came down from there, \"She _ him as the queen of the country\". The hotel is in the middle of the forest, and it shows the pleasure of Africa. When you visit it, you will be sent into the heart of the forest by hotel buses, and then a guide, with a gun to protect you against big game, will go with you to the Treetops. Before and after dinner, for the whole night if you wish, you can sit on the corridor , watching animals come to the water pool. The earliest hotel Treetops was built round a large tree on the opposite side of the water, but that was destroyed by fire and the new hotel Treetops, which is built round several trees, is much bigger. The dining room at Treetops is small, and the waiters cannot walk round to serve guests, so a clever \" _ \" has been invented. Guests take their food as it passes slowly in front of them, along a line in the center of the table. There are many animals around the Treetops. When you visit them, you can see: ---Animals and their babies are waiting to greet the guests. ---Animals, enjoying the Treetops pool in the daylight. ---A long bodied, long ring tailed very active cat-like animal is a special one coming out at night. He hunts and eats anything he can catch and is very destructive. He lives in the trees at Treetops. He comes for his food every evening. Do not get too near to him, as his teeth and claws can do you harm. These animals can be trained and become lovely pets. \n Answer: It can catch any other animal in the forest.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about \"the cat-like animal\" is WRONG?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1cdae642e67842c5bb0aaf07e247d04a",
            "input": "Article: TheCastle of Monteriggioni Located in central Tuscany,the Castle of Monteriggioniwas built by the Republic of Siena at the beginning of the 13th century in orderto defend its southern border against Florence.With their impressive towers, they feature in Dante's Divine Comedy. MainSights Inside the town are the Church of Santa Maria Assunta,the battlements on the town walls and the small \"Monteriggioni in Arme\" museum, where there are models andlife-size armors . Every July within the wall of the town a special eventis celebrated: the Medieval Festival of Monteriggioni, one of the mostbeautiful festivals in the region. The city goes back in time to the MiddleAges, the streets are filled up with people in period costume creating a realatmosphere. Dances, live performances, music, theatre, kids entertainment,storytellers and more entertain the public. Thesurrounding area The townlands ofMonteriggioni, with the walled town as their capital, cover an area of about 100km2 directly to the north of Siena,full of woods, hills, vineyards and olive groves . Thetownlands also take in a large area of unspoiled nature that has been declareda Site of Community Importance(SCI). The area is crossed by a network oftrails, including the Via Francigena, which can be travelled on foot, bicycleor on horse-back. Howto get to Monteriggioni BY CAR Take the \"Monteriggioni\" exit on theFlorence-Siena motorway link. BY BUS Line 130 from Siena for Colle di Val d'Elsa-Poggibonsi-SanGimignano. BY TRAIN  The closest station is \"Castellina inChianti- Monteriggioni\". TouristOffice Piazza Roma, 23 53035 Monteriggioni(SI)-Italy Tel./fax+39 0577 304834 info@ Monteriggioniturismo.it \n Answer: Vineyards",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following you cannot seein the Castle of Monteriggioni ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-97ae671ef70946499cb27254078fb63b",
            "input": "Article: It was time for a school holiday and I was at home. My family's house was located in   an area by the sea. I just sat down in front of the television. Suddenly I heard a loud noise and then the first shock started to hit. My mom and I ran to the front door. We got out and we were standing in the street holding on to each other to stand up. The ground was covered with snow. I could remember watching black cracks in the earth snaking their way along the ground. A tree in our back yard was actually cut in half. As suddenly as the earthquake started, it was over. Dead silence. Then a light snow began to fall. All the power was off--no radio, no TV and no communication with the outside world. We found out later that the ground area was lowered an average of 35 feet. My dad succeeded in getting home from where he worked in the city centre. Later that evening we were told to leave the area because a terrible ocean wave was expected. We spent the night and the next day and night away from home at the shelter. I often think about the courage my dad showed during that time. Before Dad retired, he was a senior manager of a famous local company. This company was damaged because of the quake. Dad stayed in the company to rebuild the business and rebuild our family home. \n Answer: Winter.",
            "output": [
                "In which season did the earthquake take place?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-388fdf68ad67463a831ca39854b1fb81",
            "input": "Article: Today, Mount Qomolangma's peak is not a lonely place any more. More than 3,500 people have successfully climbed the 8,844m mountain, and more than a tenth of that number reached the peak just over the past year. As more and more people try to test themselves against Qomolangma, many a time the mount can be very crowded. Climbers have complained about waiting for hours in the bottlenecks  on the way to the peak. If bad weather strikes, climbers can and do die. But the dangerous crowds aren't the only problem on Qomolangma. All those climbers need to bring a lot of _ --much of them ends up being left on the mountain, sometimes even the peak itself. Mount Qomolangma is becoming the world's tallest rubbish dump. Here's mountaineer Mark Jenkins writing in National Geographic about the state of Qomolangma: \"The two standard routes, the Northeast Ridge and the Southeast Ridge, are not only dangerously crowded but also badly polluted.\" But the good news is that some mountaineers are taking it upon themselves to clean up Qomolangma. Mountaineer Paul Thelen and his friend Eberhard Schaaf are part of the annual Eco Everest Expedition, which has been cleaning up rubbish from base camps to the peak since 2008. So far they've collected over 13 tons of garbage. Some of that rubbish is even being used for a higher purpose. As part of the Mount Everest 8844 Art Project, a group of 15 artists from Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage brought down the mountain by climbers. They've changed the cans and oxygen tanks--in one case, part of the remains of a helicopter--into 74 pieces of art that have already gone on exhibition in Nepal's capital. Part of the profit from sales will go to the Everest Peakeers Association, which has helped collect tons of rubbish off the mountain. \n Answer: They are often crowded.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about the bottlenecks on the way to Mount Qomolangma's peak?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2584d96562514e1c8249653a365643c0",
            "input": "Article: Drownings, bicycle injuries, falls, and pedestrian accidents are the most common causes of childhood injury or death. Here's what you need to know to avoid tragedy: *      Drowning: Each year, thousands of children die from drowning, with two-thirds of accidents occurring in the summer. To protect kids, parents should install multiple layers of protective devices, with each layer offering another opportunity to avoid a tragedy. Fences, door alarms, pool covers are all somewhat effective individually, but their effectiveness is increased dramatically when used in combination with one another. *      Falls: Falls from heights kill 140 children under the age of 15 each year in the United States, and seriously injure three million more, making falls the leading cause of non-deadly injury for this age group. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), falls are especially a problem for children living in multi-story housing during the summer months, when windows are open and children are more likely to be playing on fire escapes, roofs and balconies. To keep kids safe, AAP recommends window guards be installed on second story and higher windows. When choosing guards, install those that are operable in the event of emergencies like a house fire. Using childproof gates can prevent falls down stairways. Nevertheless, no gate can replace parental supervision   *      Bikes: Bike accidents kill over 1,500 children aged 14 and under each year. Of these deaths, more than half occurred during the summer. According to the AAP, head injuries from cycling are the most common cause of disability. A recent study in Seattle, Washington showed that helmets reduced the risk of head injury by 85 percent and brain injury by 88 percent. When purchasing a bike helmet, parents are urged to make sure it meets the bicycle helmet safety standards of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) *      Pedestrian: Over 6,000 kids aged 14 and under die every year as a result of an unintentional pedestrian-related injury. As a general rule, kids under 10 should not be crossing the street alone. Young children lack the ability to judge the speed and the distance of oncoming traffic. Parents need be models and teach proper pedestrian behavior. Cross at the corner and when you do cross, continue to look both ways because there are likely to be more cars turning into your path or people speeding. Obey all the traffic signals. \n Answer: To give tips on what to do to prevent accidents about children.",
            "output": [
                "What is the point of the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5c9c62909b204afcbd0af77bc83e9ce4",
            "input": "Article: If you're a man and you're reading this, congratulations: you're a survivor. According to statistics, you're more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Even if you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you'll die on average five years before a woman.   There're many reasons for this--typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke--but perhaps more importantly, men don't go to the doctor.   \"Men aren't seeing doctors as often as they should,\" says Dr. Gullotta. \"This is particularly so for the over-40s, when chances of diseases are higher .\"   Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45, it should be at least once a year.   Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker's cough for a year.   \"When I finally saw him it had already spread and he later died from lung cancer,\" he says. \"Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged   his life.\"   According to a recent survey, 95% of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.   \"A lot of men think they're invincible  ,\" Gullotta says. \"They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, 'Geez, if it could happen to him, ...'\"   Then there's the ostrich approach. \"Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,\" says Dr, Ross Cartmill.   \"Most men get their cars serviced more often than they service their bodies,\" Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be found by regular check-ups. Regular check-ups for men would put strain   on the public purse, Cartmill says. \"But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the final cost is far greater; it's called premature  death.\" \n Answer: They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier life.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author congratulate his men readers at the beginning of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d65148d0c55149fbaabe3f1b9042a88c",
            "input": "Article: Rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are a major cause of climate change, and now a new study has confirmed that atmospheric CO2is also affecting the ocean chemistry and potentially harming sea life. Montana State University scientist Robert Dore has been researching the water in the Pacific Ocean for almost two decades. We've been going to the same spot in the Pacific Ocean, and we try and characterize long-term change in the open ocean environment. And one of the key things that we measure is CO2levels. And we've been able to record this increasing quantity of atmospheric CO2into the ocean. Scientists expected that as atmospheric CO2increased, more and more of the carbon dioxide would be absorbed into the ocean, affecting the chemical balance of the sea water, with a potentially harmful impact on shellfish and coral in particular. \"As carbon dioxide dissolves  in the water, or seawater in this case, it forms a weak acid, carbonic acid,\" Dore explains. \"And therefore, as the concentration of CO2in the atmosphere goes up and that exchanges with the surface seawater, it drives the PH down, and makes it more acidic.\" The seawater Dore and his colleagues have analyzed confirms what the theory predicts. The effect was particular striking at about 250 meters down, and again at 500 meters. Dore and his colleagues came up with two possible explanations. It could be that surface water picked up CO2and then moved to those depths. Or there could be a biological explanation. \"It's important to realize that the oceans are really becoming acidic. And it can have negative  impacts on a whole variety of sea life from fish to coral. It's potentially catastrophic.\" \n Answer: Sea Life Facing Danger",
            "output": [
                "What can be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-407170845e4c48c8a2be8375ddbe3f48",
            "input": "Article: Climate change has been blamed for killer hurricanes, sea level rise, and drought, but a new report suggests the effects of climate change might hit the world's coffee supply. Up to 70 percent of the world's coffee supply could be threatened over the next 66 years, according to a new study by researchers at England's Royal Botanic Gardens. Nearly 100 percent of the world's Arabica coffee growing regions could become unsuitable for the plant by 2080, according to the study. Beans from Arabica coffee plants account for about 70 percent of the world's coffee, but the plant also has to be grown under strict weather conditions: they grow well at temperatures between 64 and 70 degrees Celsius, and are highly influenced by frost or temperatures higher than 73 degrees Celsius. With temperatures estimated to increase by between 1.8 and 4 degrees Celsius by the end of the century, the fragile plant might become increasingly expensive and difficult to grow, especially in places such as Ethiopia and Kenya. In that worst case, nearly all of the world's native Arabica coffee would die out. Under more conservative estimates, about 65 percent of the regions used to grow the coffee would become unsuitable for it The evidence from coffee farmers and coffee growing regions around the world is that they are already suffering from the influences of increased warming. Some farmers would likely be able to move their operations to other areas or would be able to overcome climate change with artificial cooling techniques, but wild Arabica is generally considered to be much more suitable for making high-quality coffee. If Arabica becomes impossible to raise in its native areas, it could do serious damage to the economies of the mainly third-world countries in which it grows. Coffee is the world's most popular drink and is the second most-traded product in the world, behind oil. \n Answer: The' growing conditions of Arabica coffee have been improved recently.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d6e12fb02a4c4e31ac9b770c2a1b987f",
            "input": "Article: The historic center of Vienna has been added to UNESCO's World Cultural Heritage list. Thus, St. Stephen's Cathedral, the Imperial Palace and many other historic buildings are now recognized as being among the 700 outstanding cultural and natural monuments of mankind - others include the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur, the historic center of Rome, the Kremlin with the Red Square, the Chinese Wall, the Taj Mahal and the Grand Canyon. Vienna's historic center, in its unity, is considered one of the most beautiful city landmarks in Europe. Three eras left their mark on the former residence of the Habsburgs: the Middle Ages with Gothic St. Stephen's Cathedral whose spire points toward heaven, one of Vienna's landmarks; the Baroque whose most important achievement is the Imperial Palace with its sumptuous cupolas  . And the Ring Boulevard era of the late nineteenth century, when such splendid buildings as the Vienna State Opera and the Museum of Fine Arts were built to replace the former city walls. The _ of the center of Vienna is enhanced   by numerous churches, mansions and parks, as well as by rich art collections gathered by wealthy rulers. And the centuries-old musical tradition ranges from the Court Chapel of the Imperial Palace to Mozart's immortal   music and the waltzes of Johann Strauss. Also inseperably linked to the center of the city are the delights of Viennese cuisine, the gemutlichkeit of Viennese coffeehouses and nostalgic shopping at former purveyors   to the imperial court. \n Answer: the Court Chapel",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not mentioned as cultural and natural monuments ofman-kind?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6837ab26b7f5498091decd065541b56f",
            "input": "Article: Lindsay Morgan Lohan was born on July 2, 1986. She was such a natural beauty that she began modeling at the age of 3, and because of her natural talent, she played parts in over 60 TV commercials for companies such as Abercrombie & Fitch, Wendy's, the Gap, Pizza Hut, Calvin Klein, and Jell-O, in which she shared the screen with Bill Cosby.  When she was 7, Lohan was required to dress up as garbage for a Halloween short play on the Late Show with David Letterman called \"Things You Find on the Bottom of the Subway.\" It was her first real acting job. In 1996, Lohan got her second big  _ when she was given a role on the long-running NBC soap opera \"Another World.\" For only one season, she became the third actress to act the part Alexandra Alli Fowler. Shortly after, she hit the highway to fame when Disney sought to remake the hugely successful family comedy \"The Parent Trap\" (1998). In addition, she also got a three-picture deal with Disney thanks to this movie. Her next move was to appear in the Wonderful World of Disney production of \"Life-Size\" (2000), a comedy also featuring supermodel Tyra Banks.  In 2003, along with Jamie Lee Curtis, Lindsay Lohan performed in Freaky Friday and played one of the early roles that made Jodie Foster a household name.  In September 2002, Lohan also got a contract with music heavyweight Emilio Estefan Jr who is of great influence in music. She signed a five-album deal with Estefan Enterprises. In 2005, she released her first album, \"Speak,\" followed by \"A Little More Personal\" the next year. \n Answer: A dancer.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the job that Lohan has done until now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-14ef50f45488475c91091c24dc8996d6",
            "input": "Article: Discover Newsmagazine of science devoted to the wonders and stories of modern science, written for the educated general reader. Published   by Disney Magazine Publishing Co., Discover tells many of the same stories professionals   read in Scientific American. A truly delightful family science magazine, each issue   brings to light new and newsworthy topics to make dinnertime and water-cooler conversations interesting. Cover Price: $59.88 Price: $19.95 ($1.66/issue) You Save: $39.93 (67%) Issues: 12 issues/12 months Self Published by Conde Nast Publications Inc., Self is a handbook devoted to women's overall physical   and mental   health. Every issue contains usable articles   such as \"Style Lab\", in which wearable clothes are mixed and matched   on non-models and the \"Eat-right Road Map\", with tips on how to eat properly. Cover Price: $35.86 Price: $15.00 ($2.5/issue) You Save: $20.86 (58%) Issues: 6 issues/12 months InStyle InStyle is a guide   to the lives and lifestyles   of the world's famous people. The magazine covers the choices people make about their homes, their clothes and their free time activities. With photos and articles, it opens the door to these people's homes, families, parties and weddings, offering ideas about beauty, fitness and in general, lifestyles. Publisher: The Time Inc. Magazine Company. Cover Price: $47.88 Price: $23.88 ($2.38/issue) You Save: $24.00 (50%) Issues: 10 issues/12 months Wired This magazine is designed for leaders in the field of information engineering including top managers and professionals in the computer, business, design and education industries. Published by Conde Nast Publications Inc., Wired often carries articles on how technology changes people's lives. Cover Price: $59.40 Price: $10.00 ($1.00/issue) You Save: $49.40 (83%) Issues: 10 issues/12 months \n Answer: Discover.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following magazines is published monthly?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3266c37450d349ee8adfb02d75e9c5ce",
            "input": "Article: By teaching your children fire safety you can make sure they know what to do when a house fire occurs. Making sure that your children know exactly what is required of them cuts down on the chaos of the emergency situation and helps keep your family safe and secure. Make sure your children know how to correctly stop, drop, and roll and feel confident in the fact that it works.  It puts out the flames. The usual response to clothing catching on fire is to run around and run about wildly, which only exposes the fire to more oxygen and feeds the flames. Your children should also know to touch door handles before opening the door to see if they are hot. If they are, it means that there's a fire in   the next room, and they should leave the door closed and find another route out of the house. Make sure your children understand that they should never play with lighters or matches. Fires started by playing with these things are the leading cause of fire-related injuries in children under five years old.  Many children are fascinated by lighters and matches and want to experiment with lighting things on fire to see what happens. Do regular fire drills to practice your evacuation plan so that your family knows what to do in an emergency. Make sure everyone knows all the possible exit points of the house that they can use; a fire in your home will be a chaotic situation, and it' s best to make sure all members of your family know your evacuation plan well enough so that it is second nature and they don't have to waste time thinking if a fire starts. Quick, determined response to a fire will save your family members' lives. \n Answer: Stop, drop and roll without delay",
            "output": [
                "What should children do when their clothing catches on fire?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-41c59b780673411e9e1739b207aa6ea9",
            "input": "Article: This is an excerpt from a speech by Steve Jobs, former CEO of Apple, delivered to graduates of Stanford University on June 12, 2005. I was lucky -- I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation -- the Macintosh -- a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions  of the future began to diverge(to be different) and eventually we had _ . When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was destructive. I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down. I even thought about running away from the valley . But something slowly began to dawn on me -- I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over. I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life. During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar. Pixar went on to create the world's first computer animated  feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle. \n Answer: It rejected one of its founders when he turned 30.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about Apple?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a08b265325a842719da7dedf68016617",
            "input": "Article: Music for Humans and Humpback Whales As researchers conclude in Science, the love of music is not only a universal feature of the human species, but is also deeply fixed in complex structures of the human brain, and is far more ancient than previously suspected. In the articles that discuss the field of bio-musicology, the study of the biological basis for the creation and appreciation of music, researchers present various evidence to, show that music-making is at once an original human \"business\", and an art form with skillful performers throughout the animal kingdom. The new reports stress that humans hold no copyright on sound wisdom, and that a number of nonhuman animals produce what can rightly be called music, rather than random sound. Recent in-depth analyses of the songs sung by humpback whales show that, even when their organ would allow them to do otherwise, the animals _ the same choices relating to sounds and beauty, and accept the same laws of song composition as those preferred by human musicians, and human ears, everywhere. For example, male humpback whales, who spend six months of each year doing little else but singing, use rhythms   similar to those found in human music and musical phrases of similar length--a few seconds. Whales are able to make sounds over a range of at least seven octaves  , yet they tend to move on through a song in beautiful musical intervals, rather than moving forwards madly. They mix the sounds like drums and pure tones in a ratio   which agrees with that heard in much western music. They also use a favorite technique of human singers, the so-called A-B-A form, in which a theme is stated, then developed, and then returned to in slightly revised form. Perhaps most impressive, humpback songs contain tunes that rhyme. \"This suggests that whales use rhyme in the same way we do: as a technique in poem to help them remember complex material,\" the researchers write. \n Answer: They can create pleasing patterns of music.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following shows the advanced musical ability in humpback whales?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6561e0245b3644fa8486bfdc6b79146f",
            "input": "Article: France is one of the largest countries in Europe. It is bordered by six countries -- Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany to the north-east, Switzerland and Italy across the Alps to the south-east and Spain across the Pyrenees to the south-west. The UK is across the English Channel. France has several large international airports, two of which are in the capital, Paris. Visitors from the UK also can take the Channel Tunnel rail link down to France. In France, the highway network and French rail service are known to be extremely efficient with the high-speed, and they become the envy  of other nations. France is the world's most popular tourist destination . The country has an extremely beautiful scene and an equally comfortable climate to match. This makes it suitable for a huge range of exciting sporting and other outdoor activities. For example, France has a huge range of golf courses. However, France also centers on a large scale for those who prefer a  _ life. Numerous museums and art galleries in France bring you much peacefulness while they make you learn about the country's rich cultural, educational and political heritage. The French people -- and particularly the older generations -- tend to   be extremely polite and formal, a national character that is often dismissed(......) as arrogance  by other nations. The French are also famous for taking great pride in their personal appearance and in particular, their clothes.  The French love their food. Meals are long whenever possible. Sociable family meals usually cost several hours in the middle of the day. French meals usually have three or four courses including cheese before the dessert and are accompanied by wine and freshly baked breads. However, French food varies greatly from area to area. \n Answer: Proud.",
            "output": [
                "What do people in other countries think of Frenchmen according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e4fc20b7758f42529f4008370cb40e68",
            "input": "Article: According to the dictionary definition of 'create',ordinary people are creative every day. To create means to bring into being,to cause to exist something each of us does daily. We are creative whenever we look at or think about something in a new way.  First,this includes an awareness of our surroundings. It means using all of our senses to become aware of our world. This may be as simple as being aware of color1 and texture ,as well as taste, when we plan a meal. Above all,it is the ability to notice things that others might miss.  A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things. If we believe the expression,there is nothing new under the sun,the creativity is remaking or recombining the old in new ways. For example,we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture,or we might make a new combination of camera lenses and filters to create an unusual photograph.  A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new ideas,to ask for them to achieve some new results. To think up a new idea is one thing;to put the idea to work is another. These three parts of creativity are included in all the great works of geniuses,but they are also included in many of our day to day activities. \n Answer: To write a letter with the computer.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following activities is NOT a creative one according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-70bb17cd8c884ccbbe642726fd7d86a8",
            "input": "Article: When people talk about Golden Age in Leadville, Horace Austin Warner Tabor and his second wife, Elizabeth McCourt must be included. Their story is becoming one of the legends of the Old West. H.A.W.Tabor was a school teacher in Vermont. With his first wife and two children he left Vermont in 1855 to settle in Kansas. Perhaps he was attracted by rumors of fortunes to be made in Colorado mines. A few years later he moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch, which he later renamed Leadville when he became its leading citizen. \"Great deposits of lead are sure to be found here.\"he said. As it turned out, it was silver, not lead, that was to make Leadville's fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about mining himself, so he opened a general store selling everything from boots to salt, flour, and tobacco. He often \"grubstook\" miners, in other words, to supply them with food and supplies, or\"grub\", while they looked for more. In return he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered. He did this for several years,but nobody he helped ever found anything of value. Finally one day in the year 1878, so the story goes, two miners came               in               and asked for \"grub\".Tabor had decided to quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way. They were persistent, however, and Tabor was too busy to argue with them, \" Oh help yourself. One more time won't make any difference,\" He said and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers. The two miners took $17 worth of supplies, in return for which they gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings. They picked a barren place on the mountain side and began to dig. After nine days they struck a rich amount of silver. Tabor bought the shares of the other two men, and so the mine belonged to him alone. This mine, known as the \"Pittsburgh Mine,\"made $300 000 for Tabor in return for his $17 investment.                Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for $117 000. This turned out to be even more successful than the Pittsburgh, earning $35 000 worth of silver per day at one time. Leadville grew. Tabor became its first mayor. \n Answer: His wise decisions helped him achieve goals.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, why was Tabor able to achieve great success in Leadville?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ce755d82e2b7475598a3c560eb0efc07",
            "input": "Article: Are you the kind of person who likes staying in unusual places? If the answer is \"yes\", then try the world's coldest hotel in Jukkasjarvi in the north of Sweden. But go in winter to all you'll find is a pool of water, because the hotel melts every spring! The man who runs the Artic Hall Hotel is Nils Yngve Bergqvist. He built his first ice building for an art exhibition in 1991 and he designed the present hotel-over 200 meters square-himself. It took workmen about two months to pile 1,000 tons of snow onto a wooden base. As the weather got colder, the snow froze and then they removed the base. The whole building and everything in it are made of snow-except for the wooden front door. There's a theatre which Nils uses for a jazz club, a radio station and a large ice bar. As you can imagine, hot drinks are popular with the guests! The rooms have no doors; there's no furniture, no heating and everyone sleeps on ice beds. But the 800 people who stayed at the hotel this winter seemed to like it. If you want to stay in one of he ten ice rooms, it will cost you about Y=30 a night. You will receive a survival certificate from the manager. When the winter's over, Nils holds his annual contest to predict the day that the hotel will fall. The person that guessed the day correctly last year received a large painting from an Artic Hall exhibition. Nils' ice hotel is becoming world famous and he loves his work. He's already excited about his next project-an ice hotel that will have more complicated architectural features and, he says, will be bigger and better. \n Answer: You can go to the hotel in spring.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about the Artic Hall Hotel is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a75b05c820e544d1ab73ddab81ac0a0e",
            "input": "Article: Hubert Joseph Schlafly was an electrical engineer who helped change the way actors, politicians and other people speak on television. In 1950, he and two other men developed the teleprompter. One co-worker, Fred Barton, was an actor. He had an idea for a tool that would help television actors read their lines without having to memorize them. The other co-worker was Irving Kahn. He worked as vice-president of radio and television at 20thCentury Fox. The first teleprompter involved a person who held a long piece of paper printed with big letters. As the actor read the lines, another person would move the paper ahead on the device . The teleprompter was first used on a television program called \"The First Hundred Years.\" Later versions used television screens to show the words that were to be read. Hub Schlafly and his co-workers believed that many companies would want to buy the teleprompter. So, they left their jobs and created the TelePrompTer Corporation to sell their invention. In 1952, former President Herbert Hoover became the first politician to use a teleprompter. The former president was speaking at the Republican National Convention in Chicago, USA. For a brief time, he stopped reading and began to talk about a subject not written in his speech. When Hoover wanted to continue the speech, the words on the teleprompter were not moving. He then said the machine should be restarted and viewers became aware of the new invention. Many reporters wrote about that incident, creating a new level of publicity for the teleprompter. Soon more and more politicians started to use it to face the television camera while reading prepared statements, instead of looking down at their notes. Then the device was used for almost all live television broadcasts. \n Answer: The history of a useful electrical device.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ce83335311bd4abdb8b075ecb2719b0d",
            "input": "Article: British MPs   have voted in favour of the creation of babies with DNA from two women and one man, in a historic move. The UK is now set to become the first country to introduce laws to allow the creation of babies from three people. In a free vote in the Commons, 382 MPs were in favour and 128 against the technique that stops genetic diseases being passed from mother to child. During the debate, ministers said the technique was \"light at the end of a dark tunnel\" for families. A further vote is required in the House of Lords. If everything goes ahead then the first such baby could be born next year. Supporters said it was \"good news for progressive medicine\" but critics say they will continue to fight against the technique that they say raises too many ethical   and safety concerns. Estimates suggest 150 three-person babies could be born each year. Prime Minister David Cameron said: \"We're not playing god here; we're just making sure that two parents who want a healthy baby can have one.\" The method, which was developed in Newcastle, should help women like Sharon Bernadi, from Sunderland, who lost all seven of her children to mitochondrial   disease. Ms Bernadi said she was \"overwhelmed\" by the decision. Mitochondria are the tiny compartments   inside nearly every cell of the body that transform food into useable energy. They have their own DNA, which does not affect characteristics such as appearance. _ mitochondria are passed down only from the mother. They can lead to brain damage, muscle wasting, heart failure and blindness. The technique uses a modified version to combine the DNA of the two parents with the healthy mitochondria of a donor woman. It results in babies with 0.1% of their DNA from the second woman and is a permanent change that would be passed down through the generations. \n Answer: All of Ms Bernadi's children died of a genetic disease.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-deb86f7c25ba40328e27ecaa05888dd8",
            "input": "Article: Collections were the inspiration  for a project at Thomas Tallis School, which formed part of the Imagine Children's Literature Festival last autumn. Each child (aged 12-13) beatified a box and wrote a story on the subject of collections to throw inside it. The boxes were spread within the Royal Festival Hall's Ballroom. Some were left empty to encourage The subject chosen by Luren was an imaginative one. \"It's a sort o f Cinderella   story,\" she told me, inspired by a collection of letters from her cousin, ha the story these become love letters, burned by a creel stepmother. Lauren's best friend Charlotte is the stepmother. \"I'm in Charlotte's story too,\" says Lauren, \"and I get run over.\" Charlotte's tale was inspired by the girls' coin collection. \"We've collected foreign coins for years - since our families went on holiday to Tenerife.\" she explains. \"That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.\" Lauren continues: \"I fred a coin in the road, go to get it and get run over. I'm in hospital and then I die.\" Charlotte adds: \"Or she might not die. I haven't decided yet.\" Millie Murray, who is a tea-novel author, thinks that setting the subject of collections was a useful inspiration to their creativity rather than a restriction .  \"In the beginning I thought, 'Will the children be able to do it?'\" she says. \"But it's been fruitful. Some have their own collection, some have parents who do, and some have wlstten complete stories. It's made them think about something they wouldn't have otherwise, winch can only be a good thing.\" \n Answer: To write stories on the subject of collections.",
            "output": [
                "What were the children asked to do in the project?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-057e1afa68ed43048f6ef9ca75de3024",
            "input": "Article: The percentage of districts that require elementary schools to teach physical education increased, to 93% last year from 83% in 2000.      But just 4% of elementary schools, 8% of middle schools and 2% of high schools provided physical education each school day, as is recommended by the disease control agency. One-fifth of schools did not require physical education at all.     In 2004, Congress passed a law requiring each school district to develop a \"wellness policy\" to promote the students' health by setting goals for nutrition education and physical activity. Those policies are just now taking effect, and some school administrators predict that the next survey will show more marked improvements. Some schools have set out to place health education on the same requirement with academics. In Los Angeles County, Sepulveda Middle School has banned soft drinks and eliminated unhealthy snacks from the school store. Salad, fruit and yogurt are always available in the cafeteria, said Patricia J. Pelletier, the principal.      Nearly an hour of physical education is required daily, the school offers after-hours training in distance running, and it has started a class on healthy cooking for parents.      \"If kids are healthy and have healthy lifestyles, they're going to be better students,\" Ms Pelletier said. \"They're going to be in school, and they're going to be connected with the teachers in a better way.\"     The survey found that nearly two-thirds of schools prohibited tobacco use at all places, including at off-campus functions, up from 46% in 2000. Another finding was that the proportion of states that require middle schools to teach human sexuality grew, to 59% from 46%.      The report found a variety of indications of healthier cooking in school cafeterias. 55% reported that they had removed the skin from poultry before cooking, up from 40%, and 46% now use low-fat cheeses, up from 31%. But 12% of elementary schools, 19% of middle schools and 24% of high schools offer students brand-name fast food from businesses like Pizza Hut and Taco Bell. \n Answer: Improve students' physical health by developing their nutrition education",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-be434d1d0c1e4e9285cc17fa53accf1e",
            "input": "Article: When on vacation,what do you look for in a hotel?Maybe you want a comfortable bed, or a suitable place.However,if you want something out of the ordinary and wish to go beyond the mundane, these spectacular hotels offer a stay you won't soon forget! Hippo Point For those who prefer an overnight stay with some four-footed or two-winged guests, Hippo offers unique rooms on the East African plains .The nine-story tower is treated as one of the top 10 resorts in the world.Guests enjoy incredible views of Olodian Bay.More than 520 species of birds gather around the lake,their calls sounding in the air. Dog Bark Park Inn At the Dog Bark Park Inn,sleeping in a doghouse is a good thing! Located near Cottonwood,Idaho,this bed and breakfast is inside the world's largest dog. Guests relax on dog-themed decorative furnishings and enjoy a wonderful breakfast. The Poseidon Undersea Resort Located in a Fijian lagoon,the Poseidon Undersea Resort  boasts the world's first seafloor suite 12 meters below the  surface of the ocean.By day,people enjoy golf,tennis and water sports or learn to pilot a three-passenger Triton submarine to explore the new ocean depths. The Magic Mountain Hotel The Magic Mountain Hotel is shaped like a volcano.But instead of lava,a waterfall falls down its sides.Nine comfortable rooms,all with modern facilities,are each named for a local species of bird.Hotel guests can enjoy rafting,hiking and horseback riding,or they can relax in a hot trunk with hot water. Sala Silvermine The truly adventurous can spend the night in the world's deepest bedroom in the Sala Silvermine in Sweden.After a guided tour of the mine located 155 meters underground,you're left alone to enjoy the solitude with a basket of food.In the morning, the guide returns with a delicious breakfast to enjoy before you return to ground level. \n Answer: Do something exciting",
            "output": [
                "What does the phrase \"go beyond the mundane\" may mean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ea426f87536042b7800e98e6d09e523c",
            "input": "Article: While many other teen stars built up their celebrity status  by working hard on popular TV shows, Justin shot straight to the top by using social media. A few years ago, Justin uploaded  videos of himself on YouTube, showing _ of his favorite songs at home. He just saw it as a bit of fun for friends and family, but when music manager Scooter Braun saw one of the videos, he flew to Justin's hometown of Ontario, Canada to sign him up. Justin was just 13. Shortly after, Justin was flown to the US. He eventually started working with R&B superstar Usher. Justin's first album My world was released in 2009. But all the time, Justin continued to build his fan base on his YouTube account, where some of his original home videos can still be found, and where he continues to post music. \"I wasn't sending mixtapes or anything like that to record labels,\" he told us when we met him on his promotional tour for his latest film Justin Bieber: Never Say Never. \"I was just doing regular stuff at home and I just posted videos online without purpose. I would never be here if it wasn't for the Internet and YouTube.\" But it isn't just YouTube that helps Justin's popularity. He also updates his Twitter account (@Justin-Bieber) regularly and has about 8.8 million followers. In fact, he's so popular that Justin was responsible for 3% of the site's activity at one time and so popular that entire racks of servers on Twitter were devoted to him. In light of his story, many young, aspiring artists are now taking advantage of Twitter and YouTube. Both these sites can help artists build fan bases in the hope that they'll become the next big thing. Justin added, \"I think my story brings hope to people and I think that's very important. The only thing holding you back is yourself. Never say never.\" \n Answer: Social media is the most important",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9c0eb1761cee4aabacfd106e841a262f",
            "input": "Article: Google Works Miracles Google(www.Google.com) is a daily miracle to millions of people. If the Internet had only this very fast search engine, it would have justified its existence many times over. It is the most popular search engine on the web with a 54% market share, ahead of Yahoo! You type almost anything, however unclear, into the space provided and in a second it has come up with hundreds of references. If knowledge is power, then Google commands the gateway. Yahoo Becomes Giant Yahoo(www.yahoo.com) was the first wonder of the web, and in many respects, it still is. It started in January 1994 when two California graduate students, Jerry Yang and David Filo, started compiling a database of links, mainly for their personal use. But well before the end of the year, it had become recognizable as Yahoo we know today. In the past seven years, Yahoo had grown rapidly, partly through a long string of buys. Yahoo now offers almost everything you could want: emails, instant messages, chats, clubs, photo albums and a lot more. eBay Enables Everyone to Buy and Sell eBay(www.ebay.com),which deals with online trading and shopping services, is the most impressive large Internet company where people buy and sell goods and services worldwide. It has, for instance, opened up a global marketplace in which people from Beijing, San Francisco, or Moscow can bid against each other for products put up for sale by someone in London. The company's online service permits sellers to list items for sale, buyers to bid on items of interest, and eBay users to browse through listed items that is available online seven days a week. Amazon Makes Buying a New Experience Amazon(www.amazon.com)started out as an online bookstore, constantly putting up new book titles it offered for sale. In the late 1990s, Amazon had more than four million titles after adding CDs, videos, DVDs and games, It continued to add new lines of business including toys, computer software, electronics, like MP3 players, power tools, home improvement products and online sales. For regular users, Amazon has made itself the shortest possible path between wanting and buying. \n Answer: Searching for information.",
            "output": [
                "What is Google used mainly for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a42a84bb19be4f04b110a6f7f890cb5d",
            "input": "Article: A good friend of mine was complaining about her son the other day.\"Did you notice,\" she started, \"how he didn't wait for me to get my salad before he dove into his?\" True enough, the boy attacked his plate faster than a cat in the wild.Without manners, we're no more than animals.Actually, that's not true.I've been watching and feeding a group of wild cats, and they show unusual politeness toward each other.Even when food is _ , they take turns, leaving at least a small part for the next in line. My mother educated her three children to have good manners all the time.We were made to feel very uncomfortable as if we were sitting on pins and needles until we got used to saying please, thank you, pardon me, and I'm sorry.And I have to say, while it was a painful learning experience, it was one of the most valuable. I can't tell you how often I sat with my friends, eating at their dinner tables, and their parents thought highly of my good manners.While it was a little embarrassing, I knew even then that my mother's teachings were paying off. Many years later, when I was attending seminars across the country, my manners were quite useful. While I regret that I haven't been a perfect example, I'm still working on it.I suppose, in this regard, my mother lives on through me.I didn't have her beautiful singing voice or her green eyes, but she did make sure I received one of her finest characteristics. \n Answer: Teenagers' not having good manners.",
            "output": [
                "What did the writer's friend most probably complain about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-74e27b24214b4a2797b687b3a21085a0",
            "input": "Article: One of India's great economic advantages is the   youth of its population. To make the most of this advantage, India's children need to be educated. On paper, India is doing well here. The country has a nationwide network of state primary schools funded by a specially designed tax. 96% of children aged 6-14 go to school, even in rural areas. That's well above the average for the developing world and their attendance is good. But the attainment is poor: three quarters of third graders can't read a gradeone text and 53% of grade five kids can't read at the standard they should have achieved at grade two. Levels of achievement are almost as bad in math.  \"The main problem in India is not school entry or whether there is a local school; it's the delivery of education, the way teaching is done or not done,\" says Vinati Sukhdev, the executive director of Pratham, a charity that campaigns for better education in India. And according to Ms. Sukhdev, the country's teachers are the thirdbestpaid in the world but they're poorly trained and are often absent. Teacher attendance at the primary level is only 85%, according to Pratham's research and there's little punishment for those who don't turn up.  The government knows that state schooling needs to improve. In 2009 it passed the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act (RTE), a law for the national provision of free, childfriendly education. It says that there should be two teachers for every 60 students and that they should go to work regularly, get there on time, follow the curriculum, assess how well the children are learning and meet regularly with parents.  \"What we need to do next is improve accountability ,\" says Ms. Sukhdev. Schools have management committees that are supposed to include parent and local government representatives. \"But they don't work or people don't know they exist.\" Pratham tries to help local communities and parents drive improvement. \"You should see the kind of reaction we get when they realize the teacher is paid but isn't turning up!\"says Ms.  Sukhdev. \"We can't be everywhere, so we limit ourselves to working in a few districts, where we can create model schools. Then we try to work together with local government to make sure every school in the district or state is raised to that level.\" The Read India programme is an example of what targeted help can achieve. Pratham has created an easytouse teaching and assessment pack called Learn to Read. It has trained teachers in how to use the pack at school and showed community health workers, volunteers and parents how it could support learning outside school. The programme has now run across 19 states, involving 450,000 volunteers and training 600,000 teachers and government workers. Among the 33 million children who have participated, the number of those who can read simple sentences has risen by 20%. \n Answer: School teachers.",
            "output": [
                "Who are to blame for India's poor education according to Vinati Sukhdev?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2f105184bd64fd3819a630e22c6c976",
            "input": "Article: Wal-Mart is not just the world's largest retailer  . It's the world's largest company, which sells in three months what number-two retailer Home Depot sells in a year. Wal-Mart exercises its power for just one purpose: to bring the lowest possible prices to its customers. At Wal-Mart, that goal is never reached. The retailer has a clear policy for suppliers: On basic products that don't change, the price Wal-Mart will pay, and will charge shoppers, must drop year after year. But what almost no one outside the world of Wal-Mart and none of its 21,000 suppliers know is the high cost of those low prices. To survive in the face of its pricing demands, makers of everything from bikes to jeans have had to close US plants in favor of obtaining products from abroad. Indeed, the real story of Wal-Mart, the story that never gets told, is the story of the pressure the biggest retailer constantly applies to its suppliers in the name of bringing us \"every day low prices\". The giant retailer' s low prices often come with a high cost. Wal-Mart' s pressure can crush the companies it does business with and force them to send jobs overseas. Are we shopping our way straight to the unemployment line? Of course, US companies have been moving jobs offshore for decades, long before Wal-Mart was a retailing power. But there is no question that the chain is helping accelerate the loss of American jobs to low-wage countries such as Thailand. People ask, \"How can it be bad for things to come into the US cheaply?\" Sure, it's great to have bargains. But you can' t buy anything if you' re not employed. There is no question that Wal-Mart's drive to squeeze out cost has benefited consumers. By now, it is accepted wisdom that Wal-Mart makes the companies it does business with more efficient and focused. Wal-Mart itself is known for continuous improvement in its ability to handle, move, and track goods. It is legendary   for forcing its suppliers to redesign everything from their packaging to their computer systems. It is also legendary for quite straightforwardly telling them what it will pay for their goods. \n Answer: To run the business in a well-organized way.",
            "output": [
                "How do suppliers meet the requirements of Wal-Mart?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e6262982c2fd4f8a9580ee8b8e52da13",
            "input": "Article: My father was poor in expressing his feelings. I knew that my dad loved me, but showed me love in other ways. There was one particular time in my life when this became real to me. I always believed that my parents had a good marriage, but gradually the strain  on my mom and dad's relationship was quite evident. However, I was not prepared for the day when Dad had decided to leave. All that I could think of was that I was going to become a product of a divorced family. I kept telling myself that it wasn't going to happen. The night before he left, I stayed up in my room for a long time. I prayed and I cried and I wrote a long letter to my dad. I told him how much I loved him and that I would always and forever be his Krissie. As I folded my note, I stuck in a picture of me with a saying I had always heard: _ Early the next morning, as my dad left our house, I slipped my letter into one of his bags. Two weeks later, my mother told me that they decided that there were things that the both of them could and would change and that their marriage was worth saving. \"Well, Dad said that when he read your letter, it made him cry. It meant a lot to him and I have hardly ever seen your dad cry. After he read your letter, he called to ask if he could come over to talk. Whatever you said really made a difference to your dad.\" A few days later my dad was back. We never talked about the letter. I guessed that it became a secret between us. \n Answer: Because the strain on father-daughter relationship was evident.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author's father decide to leave?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-92cd139b98284ed891b324ca0fa5b4ec",
            "input": "Article: On the way home from school, Jack always passes a park. His mother said it was dangerous to pass by the park at night, but it is the fastest way home. Today, after finishing soccer practice, Jack was walking toward the park as usual. Suddenly, Jack heard someone calling him, \"Excuse me!\" Jack turned around, and there was an old woman. \"Yes, ma'am.\" Jack answered politely. \"Don't pass by the park tonight.\" Her voice was weak and dry. \"Okay, ma'am,\" said Jack carelessly. The old woman held Jack's hand strongly, and said, \"I mean it!\" Jack felt the hairs on his neck stand up. As soon as the lady let go of his hand, he started to run. This time, he ran so fast that he didn't have time to think where he was going. When he stopped, he realized he was in the middle of the park. He remembered what the old woman had said, but it was too late. He thought, \"It would be okay if I run really fast.\" Suddenly, he heard someone scream . Jack was too frightened to wonder who it was. He breathed as deep as possible. The screaming continued. He heard some fast footsteps approaching, so he turned around. It was the old lady! She walked toward him, and shouted \"I told you not to come here!\" Frightened to death, Jack screamed sharply and ran home like an arrow. He thought he heard not only the old lady, but also some other people shouting at him, and it made him more terrified. As soon as Jack saw his mother, Jack said, \"Mom! Do you know what just happened at the park?\" Jack's mother nodded, and said, \"Yes, I know. There is a movie shooting tonight in the park.\" \n Answer: Mother told Jack a frightening story.",
            "output": [
                "What does the story mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9e3c323a978a4e36b3279cac2e2ff7f1",
            "input": "Article: Driver Wanted Clean driving license . Must be of smart appearance. Age over 25. Apply to : Capes Taxi, 17 Palace Road, Royston. Air Hostesses for International Flights Wanted Applicants  must be between 20 and 33 years old. Height: 1.6 m to 1.75 m. Education to GCSE standard. Two languages. Must be able to swim. Apply to: Recruitment  office, Southern Airlines, Heathrow Airport West. HR 37 KK. Teachers Needed For private language school. Having college education. Teaching experience unnecessary. Apply to: The Director of Studies, Instant Languages Ltd. 279 Canal Street, Royston. \n Answer: Punished for speeding and wrong parking.",
            "output": [
                "What prevents Jack, an experienced taxi driver, working for Capes Taxi?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b818a40e73de40d1b78fc8e0736f7b37",
            "input": "Article: Money might not grow on trees, but scientists have confirmed that gold is found in the leaves of some plants. Researchers from Australia say that the presence of the particles  in an eucalyptus tree's leaves indicates that deposits  are buried many meters below. They believe that the discovery offers a new way to locate the valuable metal in difficult-to-reach locations.               Dr. Mel Lintern from Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) said, \"We've found a lot of the easy deposits in Australia in this way. Now we are trying to find the more difficult ones that are buried tens of meters below. And the trees are providing us with a method to be able to do this.\"               Using the Australian synchrotron - a vast machine that uses X-rays to explore matter in remarkable detail - they found gold in the leaves, twigs and bark of some trees. The amount of the precious metal in an eucalyptus tree's leaves were tiny. \"We need 500 eucalyptus trees growing over a gold deposit to have enough gold in the trees themselves to make a gold ring,\" said Dr. Lintern. However, the presence of the particles pointed to richer deposits buried more than 30m below.               Dr. Lintern said, \"We believe that the trees are acting like a pump. They are bringing life-giving water from their roots, and in so doing, they are taking smaller dissolved gold particles up into the leaves.\"               Currently, the metal is found in outcrops ,where the ore  appears at the surface, or it is detected through exploratory drilling.               But the researchers said that analyzing plants could offer a better and simpler method to detect untapped gold deposits. Dr. Lintern said, \"Not only do we believe it is a way of saving the exploration cost, because exploring for these deposits can be quite expensive, it also minimizes the damage to the environment because we are taking a very small sample from the trees themselves, as well as the leaves and twigs on the ground. The plant-analyzing method is certain to work.\" \n Answer: Dr. Mel Lintern discovered new gold deposits.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a5e681ea82104c86a5c846d6f3373a1c",
            "input": "Article: Science isn't something mysterious, only for the few. Every one of us--whether a poet, worker, or physicist has to be able to think scientifically, and to understand some science, such as whether to smoke, what to eat, and what protection to use. Even for decisions that don't depend on some scientific facts, science remains the proven set of best methods for getting exact information about the world.     Some people will end up as policy-makers in government or business. People such as these make decisions that affect the life of everyone, and most of them know no more about science than does the rest of the general public. Yet they are called upon to decide what to do about nuclear reactors , global warming, environmental toxins , expensive space programs, and biomedical research. It's nonscientists, not scientists, who have the last word on whether the milk we drink can safely come from cows treated with medicine. To make such decisions wisely, the decision makers have to be drawn from a scientifically educated public.     Even if science is irrelevant  to the lives of ordinary Americans, _ . This requires lots of young people to become excited enough by science that they decide to become professional scientists. This also requires, to some degree, the support and understanding of the general public. Scientists are not always able to communicate their findings in an easy-to-understand manner. Although the scientists should do a better job of explaining what they have discovered, members of the general public have to make efforts to understand what is being said. \n Answer: School and society should encourage young people to become professional scientists.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mean by saying that \"a strong scientific spirit is basic to the economy, educational system and society\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eeb0df4596824ea3ad48377265d43aa4",
            "input": "Article: Once a general manager wanted to test his people, who had come from all over India, about their values of life. He announced that in their folders , there is PVC pouch and in it there is a seed. When they return, they must put the seed in a pot with good soil and look after it very well. He would hold a competition at the next year's seminar and the best plants would be awarded suitably. Everyone did what was told to him. A year passed quickly. And the next year in a big hall, what a great scene! There were hundreds of pots and a great variety of plants-all except one. In this pot was soil, but no plant! The owner of the pot was standing quietly and feeling ashamed of himself. The general manager called him on the stage. He asked him what happened and he told him the truth. He planted the seed, which he was given, and did what was to be done - but nothing happened! The general manager declared  him the winner! Everyone was shocked. It was announced, \"Gentlemen! The seeds I gave you were boiled seeds. You planted them and nothing happened! You acted smartly and used some other seeds. This man was honest to his work and therefore, he did not cheat me or himself!\" \n Answer: He wanted to know whether his employees are honest.",
            "output": [
                "What's the general manager's purpose of giving a seed to each of his employees?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ffd2003aba804b26a688dd3839250901",
            "input": "Article: Due to climate change, Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring, and its area is decreasing. This is creating problems for polar bears that make their homes off northern Alaska and in Hudson Bay. Polar bears off Alaska normally hunt and raise their young on ice sheets that float on the ocean. But as the ice has melted, the polar bears have been forced to spend more time on land. There, they have begun to frequent beaches, feeding on the remains of whales caught by native hunters. For polar bears, this food is less nutritious than seals that they normally catch on ice sheets. The shrinking  ice has also forced more polar bears into the ocean. In the past, they only had to swim short distances between ice sheets. But as the ice has shrunk, polar bears have been forced to swim longer and longer distances in the open ocean. This poses a severe danger during rough weather, and an increasing number of drowned polar bears have been observed. In Hudson Bay, the ice breaks up three weeks earlier in the spring now than it did 20 years ago. Polar bears on Hudson Bay fast  during the summer, waiting for ice to form in the fall to hunt. Every year, the summer gets longer, and the bears get skinnier. Over the past 25 years, the average weight of the female bears has dropped 68 kg. This loss affects their ability to reproduce, and already the number of births has dropped 15 percent. Unless the bears can learn to survive these climate changes, these giants of the ice may one day disappear. \n Answer: It's expanding.",
            "output": [
                "What is Arctic ice doing earlier each year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f748107194f14ef98bb5cd34c1598ab1",
            "input": "Article: Lonely Planet Publications is the largest guidebook publisher in the world.  With over 650 titles sold in 118 countries, it annually sells six million copies, giving guidance to travelers in locations worldwide. Tony Wheeler and his wife Maureen Wheeler were the founders of Lonely Planet Publications and its first writers. They put together Lonely Planet's first publication- Across Asia on the Cheap.  Originally from Australia,  the couple had decided to travel from Europe back home to Australia overland-going through the countries of Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, and South-East Asia, to eventually reach Australia. Tourist facilitres were limited in these countries, so if travelers wanted to go there, they had to eat and sleep locally. Many of these travelers were young and adventurous, but they didn't have much money, so going local was the only way that they could afford to travel across Asia. Frustrated that there was no guidebook to give budget travelers information on accommodations, food, and transport in these regions, the Wheelers decided to write a guidebook themselves. Full of humor and strong opinions, the book became famous among backpackers-budget travelers-as the chief travel guide for Asia. It made enough money for the Wheelers to travel more and finance their second book about traveling in Southeast Asia on a Shoestring. This second book became even more popular and acquired readership outside of Australia in North America, Europe, and New Zealand. Sales developed so well that the Wheelers were able to open up a publishing house in Australia, and eventually opened up offices in the United States and Europe. Because the guidebooks were based off contributing writer's experiences, material was fresh and up to date. As more and more books were written, the series finally came to cover every country in the world. \n Answer: How the Lonely Planet Publications developed.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e21a0abbb4d472496f091d6b2e44280",
            "input": "Article: When Caleb Forbes got his first job at an advertising company at the age of 20, he thought he would be at the company for years. But after seven months he was bored. Soon after that, Forbes moved to London. He took four different jobs at three companies over the next five years. Forbes wanted a better job and higher pay---he was never quite satisfied. Welcome to the world of a job hopper. Forbes's story isn't unusual these days and such frequent movement from one job to the next will become more common. The main reason: the nature of employment is changing. There are a lot more contracts and part-time jobs or flexible employment. That leads to people having a greater number of jobs. What's more, layoffs  and pay freezes , among other things, have pushed people from one job to another. In some cases, a bad worldwide job market has limited opportunities for star employees, promoting them to seek new challenges at other companies. However, employers often think that if a person jumped from his last employer after a short period, he will likely do the same again --- there is a significant financial risk in hiring someone who leaves in short order. What's more, moving from company to company frequently doesn't mean workers are climbing the corporate ladder  faster. In 2005, Monika Hamori, a professor at Spain's IE Business School, looked at CEOs at about 55 to see if those who moved around more frequently climbed the ladder faster. She found that executives who stayed with one company became CEOs after 23 years, while executives who changed companies many times became CEOs after 26 years. One reason: workers within the same organization tend to be promoted more frequently and be offered better jobs. \n Answer: It was dangerous.",
            "output": [
                "How did Forbes feel about his first job at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6d6de0afb0134553a6539246fe32cc34",
            "input": "Article: It's enough to give anyone an earache. Women spend an average of about five years on the phone during their working lives, research has shown.     You won't be surprised to learn that women spend 18 months longer than men on the phone -- who only chat for an average of three years. Both sexes make and receive almost the same number of calls -- 277,000 for men and 288,000 for women. But women spend 13,500 more hours in total on their conversations.     More than half of those chats are work-related but people spend on average twice as long on a personal call (10 minutes ) as on a business one.     Despite the explosion in mobile phone ownership, most people still prefer to use landlines, the poll   found.     However, when people are tired of talking, the top excuse for getting a caller off the line is to say \"Someone's at the door.\" Other favorites include \"I'm cooking\" and \"I need to go to the toilet\". Eight out of ten phone users admitted not answering their phones on purpose if they did not want to speak to the caller.     One in three people thought calls after 10 pm were unacceptable but a quarter of those polled said they did not mind calls up to midnight.     Two-thirds admitted they had people in their address books who they should ring but never got round to doing so.     Joseph Blass, managing director of telecom company Toucan, said, \"As a nation, we love to chat on the phone but it is quite astonishing when we look at the total number of calls we make in a lifetime.\" \n Answer: Usually a call made by a man is longer than one by a woman.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11b0388c7d774cc4903b7b3fdd7c31cc",
            "input": "Article: November not only marks the publication of Toni Morrison's eagerly anticipated  eighth novel, Love, but it is also the tenth anniversary of her Nobel Prize for Literature. Morrison is the first black woman to receive a Nobel, and so honored before her in literature are only two black men:Wole Soyinka, the Nigerian playwright, poet and novelist, in 1986; and Derek Walcott, the Caribbean-born poet, in 1992. But Morrison is also the first and only American-born Nobel prizewinner for literature since 1962, the year novelist John Steinbeck received the award. Like Song of Solomon, Love is a multigenerational story, revealing the personal and communal Legacy  of an outstanding black family. As Morrison scholars will tell you, Love is the third volume of a literary master's trilogy investigating the many complexities of love. This trilogy began with Beloved(1988), which deals with a black mother's love under slavery and in freedom. Jazzy(1993), the second volume, tells a story of romantic love in 1920s Harlem. This latest novel looks back from the 1970s to the 1940s and 50s. The emotional center of Love is Bill Cosey, the former owner and host of the shabby Cosey's Hotel and Resort in Silk, North Carolina, described in the novel as \"the best and best-known vacation sport for colored folk on the East Coast.\" We get to know Cosey through the memories of five women who survive and love him: his granddaughter, his widow, two former employees, and a homeless young girl. The latest novel, Love, had been described in the promotional material from her publisher as \"Morrison's most accessible work since Song of Solomon.\" This comparison to her third novel, published in 1977, was an effective selling point. \n Answer: Toni Morrison, the Nobel prizewinner",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ec3eedc3365846aeb17f15dacc61f3e9",
            "input": "Article: Though the facts that too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year are not in argument, we always begin the discussion of \"population as global issue\" with what most persons mean like this. It was quite right to compare demographic growth to \"a long, thin powder fuse that bums steadily and hesitatingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes\". To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race. This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality. Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000 B.C. till approximately 1650 A.D. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and 1975, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And the population reached 6.2 billion throughout the world by the year 2000, One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000 B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world's population, At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 800000,000 persons annually. \n Answer: A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following demographic growth patterns is most similar to the long thin powder fuse?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b960ab5e06904a3ba3e48d67372746b6",
            "input": "Article: New York Times---( DINITIA SMITH )Tomorrow is the 433d anniversary of Shakespeare's birth. A recent survey shows that more people are watching him, reading him and studying him than ever before. Consider the recent yearly conference of the Shakespeare Association of America in Washington, where more than 600 people who study or admire Shakespeare from 18 countries took in topics like ''Whither Attribution Studies,'' ''Unpopular Shakespeare'' and ''Sex Me Here,'' a talk on breast-feeding and Lady Macbeth. ''The national media is saying that fewer students' taking Shakespeare,'' Barbara Mowat, the editor of The Shakespeare Quarterly, observed in a speech at the conference. ''But Shakespeare is thriving.'' The association's membership has increased by a third since 1990. The Shakespeare business is so good these days that W. W. Norton is introducing a huge new collections of the plays into the already crowded _ just in time for tomorrow's birthday anniversary. Priced at $44.95, ''The Norton Shakespeare: Based on the Oxford Edition'' runs for 3,420 pages, offering introductions, illustrations and notes and three versions  of''King Lear.'' Today, movies and videos have made the plays even more accessible. Last year, ''William Shakespeare'sRomeo and Juliet'' was No. 1 at the box office when it opened, and it grossed nearly $50 million. In New York in January, crowds lined up in the freezing cold to see Kenneth Branagh's four-hour''Hamlet.''The students select a scene and then have a violent discussion about it.'' Influenced by films, professors are increasingly teaching students by having them perform the plays. \n Answer: To discuss how to teach students using Shakespeare's plays.",
            "output": [
                "Why people from 18 countries came to Washington this year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ded7caed3cc345aa87b3947f3b2fca34",
            "input": "Article: Ad.1 West High School Bake Sale Come and support our band and buy some delicious baked goods! Friday, September 20th, 2:00 - 4:00 p.m. In the hall by the office after school Cookies: 25 cents each or 5 for $1 Brownies: 50 cents each or 3 for $1.25 Cake by the slice: $1 Whole cakes: $8 Proceeds go toward sending our band to Nationals. Ad.2 SHIPPING AND HANDLING CHARGES Ups or U.S. Parcel Post are the standard methods for continental U.S. shipments. ORDER TOTAL          GROUND          EXPEDITED GROUND 9-12 working days        4-5 working days $0.00 to $30.00                $4.50                  $5.50 $30.01 to $60.00               $7.25                  $8.25 $60.01 to $100.00          $9.50                  $10.50 $100.01 to $200.00             $11.50                 $12.50 Add $7.00 to Ground Rates for 3 Days. \n Answer: 25 cents.",
            "output": [
                "How much money can you save   if you buy 3 brownies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b1f74e2461074fdd8457182184d4276d",
            "input": "Article: Believe it or not, there're always some people who like staying up too late. However, sleeping early can bring us many benefits. 1. Healthy heart. Staying up late in the night is a way to hurt your body with high blood pressure and cholesterol  . These are the risks associated with the heart. 2. Reduce stress. A peaceful sleep in the night relieves physical and mental stress. It relaxes the body and mind. With insufficient sleep you're risking your health with heart attacks and other diseases. 3. Improve memory. Sleeping early lets your mind arrange the thoughts well. Waking up early with a fresh mind will regain all of it. 4. Protect you from diseases. By sleeping late in the night you're only stressing yourself, which will increase the blood pressure and cholesterol levels. So sleep early and let your body keep the pressure levels constant. 5. _ . Breakfast is very important to start the day. Most of the time as we wake up late we miss it. 6. Positive performance. Sleeping continuously for at least 7 hours in the night is necessary. Inadequate sleep will limit your ability to think creatively, handle stress and concentrate. 7. Help metabolism  . Our body needs to send away all the unwanted waste. Sleeping through the day till noon will disorganise the exile  . We need to eat and sleep on time to keep energy. 8. Reduce the risk of cancer. Sleep in the dark. Light in the night reduces the melatonin   level which's supposed to cause sleep and prevent the risk of cancer. 9. Increase energy. Sleeping early will let you complete your 7 hours of sleep and make you fresh the next morning. It gives you the energy to perform better. 10. Keep weight. When you sleep too late your organism is disturbed. Sleeping for less than 7 hours a day is an invitation to being overweight. \n Answer: A peaceful sleep.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of sleep can relieve the physical and mental stress?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-66540eecc28f4cd7bd18a33be34fb003",
            "input": "Article: It was 7:00 am in Kyoto, Japan, and the taxi company had just called a second time to say they couldn't find my house. Once again I spelt out directions even a blind person could follow. I glanced impatiently at my watch, and waited. Only two hours remained until my flight left--and it was an hour and a half trip to the airport. Outside, heavy rains were pouring down. My house was so far north in the city that buses pass only here times a day. The telephone rang again. \"Terribly sorry,\" began the man at the taxi company. Then I realized that the taxi company, flooded with calls, could only offer in-city runs. I had heard this happens when the weather gets bad. I shouted into the phone that I had a plane to catch and I would meet the taxi outside my house. Standing in the wind-driven rain, I looked up and down the road. No taxi. A car went by, the driver and passenger staring at the crazy foreigner in the downpour. Finally a white car appeared and pulled to a stop. A young man threw open the door, waving for me to get in. Shaking with cold and anger, I climbed in. In the most polite Japanese, the man said he was called Mike, with who I had spoken three times that morning. He had left his post in the office and raced here in his personal car. He apologized again, but didn't explain why a taxi would not pick me up. Delivering me straight to the airport, he refused the 2,000 yen I pressed into his hand. A few hours later, as the storm-delayed 727 took off, I opened the newspaper. On the second page my eyes caught the headline of a short article: Taxi Strike Begins This Morning in Kyoto. \n Answer: He wanted to catch a plane.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer call a taxi early in the morning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8bf3d1443e9546a6a01c815bfc375a7c",
            "input": "Article: Trans-Bridge Tours is looking forward to providing you with another year of exciting One-Day travel destinations in 2016. Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island August 15 (Sat) $78 Adult; $66 Child (4-12); $ 75 Senior (62+) No visit to the New York City area is complete without a trip to the world's most famous landmarks--- the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island. Price includes transportation to Liberty State Park and timed ferry tickets. 9/11 Museum& Memorial September 29 (Tue) $ 87 Adult; $ 78 Youth (7-17); Senior $80(65+) The Museum displays artifacts associated with the events of 9/11, while presenting stories of loss and recovery. The Memorial between the twin reflecting pools, is a tribute of remembrance and honor to the nearly 3,000 people killed in the terror attacks. The New York Botanical Garden October 14 (Wed) $126 Adult This National Historic Landmark offers visitors 250 acres of the most unique land form of any botanical garden in the world, with huge rock outcroppings, beautiful flower collections, a river, cascading waterfalls, and 40 acres of old-growth forest dating from pre-Revolutionary times plus a world-class Conservatory. Hagley Museum & Winterthur November 21(Sat) $113 Adult Located on 235 acres along the banks of the Brandywine, Hagley is the site of the gunpowder works founded by E.I. du Pont in 1802. Winterthur was the former home of Henry Francis du Pont, a famous antiques collector and gardener. Includes: Brandywine tour at Hagley; Lunch at Hagley Museum; Guided tour at Winterthur Garden \n Answer: Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following charges an adult the lowest fee?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0403fefa794f4503b1b20c6dc42ffabd",
            "input": "Article: I want to tell you a story that changed my life many years ago. We were living in College Station, Texas and my wife and I were on our way home from Houston, Texas one Saturday morning. We decided to stop at a local restaurant to get something to eat since we had enough time. When we finished, we got back into our car and before I started it, we noticed a homeless man standing in front of the building. His clothes were worn and it looked as though he didn't have any money. It was cold and I was sure he wanted something warm to drink; however, it was not this that I remember, because that is not what \"moved\" me. A dog was also walking up to the front of the building. Being a dog owner, I knew that the dog was a mother, and that she had just had some pups  . She was hungry and weak and I felt bad for her. I knew if she didn't eat soon, she and her pups would not live. People walking by didn't even notice her. She was not as pretty and clean as most dogs, but she still deserved   better. We still did not do anything, but someone else did. The homeless man, who I thought could not afford anything to eat, went into the store and bought dog food with all the money he had. \n Answer: In front of a building.",
            "output": [
                "Where did the story happen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9ba27e66a12c46ad8bbc58858bbafbee",
            "input": "Article: A survey reveals that employees in China say they are not engaged in their jobs. Judging by the survey data, many Chinese workplaces are black holes of misery and despair. Only 6% of Chinese employees said they are \"engaged\" in their jobs, according to a global Gallup survey released this month. China's numbers equal the numbers out of war-weary  Iraq. Workers across all income levels and industries were surveyed by Gallup in China, defined by Gallup to mean they were \"psychologically committed to their jobs and likely to be making positive contributions to their organizations\". Out of 94 countries polled, only six countries scored lower rates of job engagement than China, including Tunisia, Israel and Syria. Unsurprisingly, 0% of Syrians admitted to being engaged at work. In a related survey, China ranked near the bottom in a poll measuring job satisfaction among 22 Asian countries. Only 49% of Chinese respondents said they were happy in their jobs. Part of the problem, I suspect, is that very few in China have the _ to pursue a career that truly interests them. Even university graduates often feel they have no choice but to choose the positions with the government or state-run enterprises, since those jobs are thought to be stable. That makes those who are happy at work in China a rare find indeed. \n Answer: Because they don't take the jobs they really like",
            "output": [
                "According to the author, why most Chinese dislike their jobs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-de081824b7f74d8dbc0e4f5651068516",
            "input": "Article: Active vacations are often the most relaxing of all. But Wait! It's all in defining what an active vacation is. We don't expect you to take up jogging, backpacking, or hang gliding. we ask the sedentary vacationers to spend two to four hours a day doing things, such as walking the city streets, exploring a nature preserve, or taking a leisurely rowboat ride. These kinds of activities aren't just good for your physical health. They improve your mental health, even your spiritual health. And they make vacations memorable and worthwhile. Here are some fresh ideas for active and healthy vacation. Make the morning your activity time. At that time it is most likely that the weather will be friendlier, your energy level higher, and your schedule emptier than later in the day. Have a walk at dawn or dusk. Such activity is called rejuvenation . Try to make this a daily routine of life away from home, and you will guarantee yourself both physical and spiritual youth. Get into the water as much as you can. Don't allow yourself to spend your entire time sitting in front of the water. Whether it is the ocean, a swimming pool, or a tree-lined lake, make sure you get into the water for swimming or games or even walking. Merely standing in waist-high water is a good workout, thanks to the action of the water. And you'll feel so much more alive! Choose a cruise for your trip. It's amazing how active you can be being stuck on a boat in the middle of the Atlantic. Most cruise ships offer numerous options for seaworthy exercise. During your sea and land trips you can burn calories as you swim, hike, dive, and horseback ride. Get out of the car every two hours. Many of us spend a large part of our vacations on the road, either getting to and from our destinations, or using the car for sightseeing. But no matter how beautiful the scenery is, great and memorable vacations don't happen in a car seat. Don't wait for tiredness or nature's call to get you to pull over. Frequently get out and stretch, walk, picnic, shop, visit, and have fun. It's important for your health and energy, and it makes traveling a lot more active and interesting. \n Answer: Six",
            "output": [
                "How many tips does the writer give in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f2c6d84f1965489ba21de21a31cf2a5c",
            "input": "Article: The intelligence times provide us much convenience,but at the same time,some of our abilities are being weakened gradually. 1. Memorizing phone numbers It was annoying to remember numbers. Now we simply add them to our contacts list. That usually works well unless our device is lost,stolen,or damaged. No one can be expected to remember all their contact numbers. What we can do is memorize 5 of our most important contact numbers. This should include a mixture of family,friends and business. If you're really ambitious you can memorize 5 contacts for each category. 2. Map-reading skills The convenience and effectiveness of GPS guidance systems and digital maps generated by search engines is unquestionable. They've definitely made our lives easier. What we don't get from using these devices and applications is the increased ability to understand spatial orientation and navigation. To renew or acquire those skills,try using physical maps to plan your next trip. After a few trips,you'll be pleasantly surprised with how useful a physical map can be. 3. Photography Even amateur photography requires a basic learning about lighting,depth,and composition. This is true for digital photography. Most smart cameras automatically make these adjustments. We no longer have to learn the art of photography. On most devices,this is easily changed by turning off the automatic settings. Experiment with setting by hand the scene modes,lighting,and zoom. You just may learn that you're a \"true photographer\". 4. Reading comprehension The primary cause is E-reader. They're convenient and can store thousands of books. But there's evidence that E-reader makes it more difficult for readers to keep and recall information they just read. Don't worry! What we should do is make an effort to read printed books. This will be especially helpful when seeking information we need for academic or career purposes. 5.Hand-written correspondence  Writing letters and notes include hand writing skills,organizational skills,and learning about the person or persons you correspond with. This is another easily regained skill. Send a letter to an old friend,relative or acquaintance. \n Answer: Our device is more easily damaged or stolen.",
            "output": [
                "What's the disadvantage by adding all numbers to the contacts list?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c5a05b1f40f14217a37edb9e40b57754",
            "input": "Article: Actress Hayden Panettiere recently got into trouble with Japanese fishermen as she tried to stop them from killing dolphins. The 18-year-old star with some other surfers sailed out to reach the dolphins in order to stop them from being driven into a nearby pool and killed, but the six surfers, from Australia and the United States, were stopped by a fishing boat before they could reach them. The fishermen blocked their way with a boathook  . It was an ugly, unfriendly and life-threatening struggle before the surfers were forced to return to the beach. It is believed that the dolphins were later taken into a pool and killed. Panettiere, who is a brave surfer and loyal animal protector, made up her mind to save the dolphins of Japan and said, \"It was really frightening. Some of us were hit by the boathook, but in the end all we were really worried about the dolphins. It was so sad. We were so close to them and they were jumping out of the water to see us.\" Breaking down in tears, she added, \"One little baby dolphin stuck his head out and looked at me and the thought that it's no longer with us is really hard to take.\" The surfers left the country to avoid arrest   by the Japanese police. Panettiere is now back in Los Angeles. More than 22,000 dolphins are killed by fishermen in Japan every year. Many Japanese believe dolphins should be treated like fish. They have been hunting dolphins for centuries and see any criticism   of this as an attack on their culture. \n Answer: They tried to stop the fishermen from killing the dolphins.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the surfers get into trouble with the fishermen in Japan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6591e99a140748a485bf6b6904e5e0a8",
            "input": "Article: If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame.  Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear. Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and soon. No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes. When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, _ . Does the constantly changing fashion of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanged styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide. \n Answer: New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e7c8855f42245a599076c011cccfb6d",
            "input": "Article: Where can you find a nice place to relax on holiday for both you and your children? Well, I suggest you try the beautiful and green Isle of Wight (IOW). The Isle of Wight is one of the main tourist attractions. Here is some information on a few of the attractions on the IOW. Dinosaur Isle It is located in Sandown, a seaside town on the southeast coast. It's a large, lovely museum, both fun and educational. Here you can see a large fossil collection of all kinds of dinosaurs, as well as a gift shop. You can walk into the past and then the future, learning about the history and the development of the civilization of dinosaurs that lived 120 million years ago. Robin Hill Country Park The park is in the beautiful countryside, and is suitable for children's parties and games. It has five new gardens, and offers great opportunities to see and take pictures of the rare red squirrels. The West of the Wight Here we have the Marine Aquarium, the Archaeology Exhibition and the Model Railway. They offer another opportunity to combine fun with learning. This is a great place to see ancient boats crossing the narrow strait between the island and the mainland. The Wight Bus Museum This museum is run completely by unpaid volunteers. It has a bus collection stored in what was once a warehouse . Most of the buses in the museum date back to around the 1910's. With all of these choices, what are you waiting for? IOW Tourism welcomes you! \n Answer: Dinosaur Isle and the West of the Wight.",
            "output": [
                "Where can you learn something as well as have a good time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-de5ddafc35424682a69ad18404da134f",
            "input": "Article: Many kids don't drink enough water daily, according to a new study. The study's lead author, Erica Kenney, at first planned to look into the amount of sugary drinks kids were drinking in schools. However, during her research she found that many kids were simply not drinking enough water. Kenney and her team examined data from a group of 4,000 children, aged 6 to19, between the years of 2009 and 2012. The data was taken from the National Health and Nutrition Survey,a study on the health of children in the United States conducted each year by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention.. While looking through the survey results, she noticed that more than half of the kids who took part in the study were dehydrated  . Of' that group, boys were 76% more likely than girls not to have enough water in their system. Nearly one quarter of the kids in the survey reported drinking no plain water at all. \"These findings highlight  a possible health issue that wasn't given a lot of attention in the past,\" Kenney said in a statement. \"Even though for most of these kids this is not an immediate and great health threat, this is an issue that could really be reducing quality of life and well-being for many children and youth.\" The United States-National Agriculture Library says average kids need between 10 to 14 cups of water every day. This water can come from a mix of drinks and foods that contain high amounts of water, such as celery, melons or tomatoes. It is also recommended that fluids come from water instead of sugary drinks that are high in calories and can lead to weight problems. \n Answer: To find out how many sugary drinks kids drink at school.",
            "output": [
                "What was Erica Kenney's purpose in doing the study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2eadc8b1562a48d5ad972f6ba2f80f7e",
            "input": "Article: When your pet has an emergency, first aid is not a _ for veterinary  treatment. However, before you are able to get your pet to a veterinarian , knowing some basic first aid can help. Bite Wounds Approach the pet carefully to avoid getting bitten. Wear a mask for the animal and then check the wound. Clean the wound with large amounts of saline . If these are not available, then regular water may be used. Wrap large open wounds to keep them clean. Bleeding Apply firm, direct pressure over the bleeding area until the bleeding stops. Hold the pressure for at least 10 minutes. Avoid bandages that cut off circulation.  _  Check to see if the animal is choking  on a foreign object. If an animal is not breathing, place it on a firm surface with its left side up. Check for a heartbeat. If you hear a heartbeat but not breathing, close the animal's mouth and breathe directly into its nose--not the mouth--until the chest expands. Repeat 12 to 15 times per minute. Burns Wash the burn immediately with large amounts of cool, running water. Apply an ice pack for 15--20 minutes. Do not place an ice pack directly on the skin. Wrap the pack in a light towel or other cover. If the animal has large quantities of dry chemicals on it skin, brush them off. Water may activate some dry chemicals. Fractures   Symptoms include pain, inability to use a limb  . Wear a mask for the pet and look for bleeding. If you can control bleeding without causing more injury, then do so. Watch for signs of shock. Don't try to set the fractures by pulling the limb. Transport the pet to the veterinarian immediately, supporting the injured part as best as you can. \n Answer: Breathing Stops",
            "output": [
                "What's the suitable subtitle for the blank ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0036d67293b843be943d197b1cf67ee2",
            "input": "Article: A recent study, published in last week's Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky  it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a deadly accident as a teenager driving alone, while the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger. The authors also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased sharply after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight. With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident. Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with \"really stupid behavior\" than with just a lack of driving experience. \"The basic issue,\" he says, \"is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.\" Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (......)the problem is to have states set up so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a multistage process. A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night or passenger limits, before graduating to full driving licenses. Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have limits on passengers. California is the strictest, with a new driver under 20 forbidden to carry any passenger (without the presence of an adult over 25) for the first six months. \n Answer: A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following situations can we infer is most dangerous according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-49a35c42532d4313a9c6a3c60a5853bf",
            "input": "Article: Among professional basketball players,Jeremy Lin's background is not typical.He graduated from Harvard University,which sends few players to the NBA,and he is the only ChineseAmerican NBA player.But when you watch him on the court,there is no doubt that he belongs there.He moves with speed and grace  that show years of faithful practice,which is fueled by a love for basketball. The Family Effect Lin's enjoyment of basketball actually began in Taiwan,where his father started watching it.Lin's father moved to U.S.,and his interest in the sport only grew.He passed on this love of basketball to his son,introducing him to the game at the age of five.The young Lin spent much of his youth playing basketball for fun.After each game,his parents would discuss not only his score but also his conduct toward other players.This taught Lin that character was more important than playing well,a lesson he still remembers. Rise of a Star In high school,Lin dreamed of playing in the NBA but did not really expect to do so.When he applied for college,he was not offered a single sports scholarship.However,after his admission to Harvard,he was offered a place on its college basketball team.During Lin's time at Harvard,his basketball career began to take off.He scored 1,482 points,making him one of the highest scorers in Ivy League history.Eventually,the recognition he received led him to suspect that his NBA dream could come true. When he first graduated,no professional teams offered Lin a contract ,but he was invited to play in the NBA Summer League.He played well and ended up eagerly signing a contract with the Golden State Warriors. Life in the NBA His journey in NBA did not go very well at first.He spent most of his time on the bench during the past two seasons.He constantly compared himself to other players and gave himself no time to rest up.For the first time in his life,he no longer enjoyed playing basketball.After a few very difficult months,he realized that much of his anxiety and stress came from selfcentered desires like wanting to be famous.So he transformed his attitude.He never stopped practicing and never gave up any slim chance. Now he has become the NBA's latest phenomenon after leading the New York Knicks to seven straight wins.He _ and thinks that the credit for the winning goes to everyone in his team.Knicks fans developed nicknames for him,such as \"Linsanity\",\"Lincredible\",and \"Linderella\".The Associated Press called Lin \"the most surprising story in the NBA\". \n Answer: Hard work brings success.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from Jeremy Lin?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b0af1021c3d548fd9bf14111a0286dae",
            "input": "Article: Vancouver. B.C.--For six months. Ted Schredd and Deanna Kopel cycled around North America to show others a way to help the environment. \"Nobody wants to breathe dirty air--but for the air to change. People have to stop driving cars,\" says Ted, \"If more people start riding bikes, the air will be cleaner.\" Ted started his trip alone. He had $160 in his pocket and plans to cycle around North America. He left his hometown of Vancouver, and when he arrived in San Diego he got the chance to make some extra money for the rest of his 13, 000 km trip. A cyclist he met asked him to speak at an environment meeting in Texas. Within a few hours, Ted was on a plane to the meeting and a big surprise. When he met Deanna at the meeting, they talked for six hours straight. It was love at first sight. The next day, he called her to ask if she wanted to finish the trip with him. She said yes, sold everything in her flat, gave her notice at work, and was on the road with Ted three weeks later. Deanna found Ted's timetable difficult because he got up early in the morning. Deanna was a nurse and usually worked at night. \"All of a sudden, I was up at six when I wanted to sleep until noon,\" said Deanna. As the couple cycled to Florida and up to Montreal and then back to Vancouver, every day was an adventure. They got free meals in restaurants, and slept in people's yards. When they ran out of money, people gave them extra cash. Sometimes people gave away $50 or $100. And like all good stories this one has a happy ending. On the way back to Vancouver, they stopped in Edmonton to visit Ted's relatives. During the visit, they got married. People tied ten cans and a \"Just Married\" sign to the back of their bikes. They now want to write a book about their trip. \"We want people to know that you can protect our earth and still have fun,\" Schredd said. \n Answer: Driving less.",
            "output": [
                "What did Ted Schredd believe to be a way to protect the environment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0afce63c60a6441eb8dd294a68e46fa1",
            "input": "Article: The round-the-clock availability that cell phones have brought to people's lives may be _ amily life, a new study suggests. The study, which followed more than 1300 adults over 2 years, found that those who consistently used a mobile phone through out the study period were more likely to report negative \"spillover\" between work and home life--and, in turn, less satisfaction with their family life. Spillover(,) actually means that the line between work and home began to become unclear. Work life may invade home life--when a parent is taking job-related calls at home, for instance--or family issues may start to take up work time. For example, a child may call Mom at work, telling her \"the microwave exploded\", explained Noelle Chesley, an assistant professor of society at the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee and the author of the study. The problem with cell phones seems to be they are allowing for ever more spillover between work and home. This may be especially true for working women, the study found. Among men, consistent use of mobile phones seemed not to allow more work issues to creep  into family time. But for women,  the spillover tended to go in both directions--being \"connected\" means that work cuts into home time, and family issues come into work life. Cell phones seem to be opening more lines for stressful exchange among family members. But there may be ways to control the spillover, according to Chesley. Employers, she said, should look at their policies on contacting employees after working hours to make sure their expectations are \"reasonable\". For their part, employees can decide that cell phones go off during family time,  Chesley said. \n Answer: Cell phones get life and work mixed.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-738616382fd14fd4b99b4bb5a665609a",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever stood side by side with an elephant and touched its ear or its long nose? A marvelous opportunity is offered here for you to experience working with these giant animals. The daily highlight is the walk from the elephant orphanage down to the river to bathe the elephants. Imaging what an amazing fun it is to watch an entire herd splashing  around and rolling in the river just feet in front of you! This opportunity is available through a programme designed for visitors and volunteers to work in the world-famous government-run elephant orphanage in Pinnawela, Sri Lanka. The orphanage is regarded as one of the largest centers of its kind in the world, with one of the most successful captive breeding  programmes for Asian elephants. Pinnawela Orphanage is situated in the hills of central Sri Lanka. It was established in 1975 by the Sir Lanka Wildlife Department. The orphanage's 24 acres  are a home for the many baby elephants found in the jungle without their mothers. In most of these cases the mothers had either died or been killed. Baby elephants cared for by the orphanage are released into the wild when they reach a certain age. The volunteers' working hours are quite short so there is plenty of time to sightsee and explore. The volunteer work consists mainly of the day-to-day aspects of running the orphanage, rather than more specialized research-based work. The volunteers' main duties are cleaning the elephant homes in the morning (hard, muddy work!) and bathing some of the smaller elephants. Some elephants are overly large or have not been tamed or trained to a satisfactory level. However there are still enough opportunities to have full hands-on contact safely. While the mahouts are bathing the larger elephants, you will have a chance to relax by the river, chat with the mahouts and watch the elephants play and interact with humans and each other. It is an  ly beautiful sight. Being around these serene animals in such a beautiful setting can have a very calming effect! If you are interested in such an experience, contact us for more information. \n Answer: Two.",
            "output": [
                "How many main duties does the passage list for the volunteers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-526b9824a7b2429da379a3092c04033a",
            "input": "Article: Johnson went to Penquay for the weekend. He arrived there late on Friday evening. The landlady of the guest house, Mrs. Smith, answered the door and showed him to his room. Johnson was very tired and went straight to bed. He slept well and didn't wake up until nine o'clock the next morning. Johnson went downstairs for breakfast. Because there were no other guests, Mrs. Smith invited him to have breakfast with her family. Her only daughter, Catherine, about 13, was already sitting in the dining-room. Mrs. Smith went to the kitchen to prepare breakfast. Johnson noticed there were four places at the table and asked Catherine if there was another guest. Catherine told him that it was an empty place. And it used to be her father's place. Her father had been a fisherman. Three years before he had gone out in his boat, and had never returned. Her mother always kept that place for him and made his breakfast every morning. Catherine showed him his photo on the wall. Johnson said nothing, but looked very puzzled  . At that moment Mrs. Smith returned. She served four cups of tea, and put one in the empty place. Looking at the empty chair, Johnson was more puzzled. Suddenly, Johnson heard footsteps outside the door and a tall man with a black beard walked into the room. Johnson looked scared. It was the man in the photo. He jumped up and ran out of the room. The man asked, \"What's the matter?\" Catherine said, \"I don't know. He's a guest from London. He's here because a tall man with a black beard tried to kill him.\" \"Catherine,\" the man said, \"have you been telling stories again?\" \"Stories, father? Me?\" the girl laughed. \n Answer: Her daughter wanted to talk with him.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Mrs. Smith invite Johnson to have breakfast with her family?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57ede1272f8549458deb769c7911bdb7",
            "input": "Article: Are you a big fan of pirate  stories? Do you know how to talk like a pirate? You can have fun on September 19th. This special holiday is called International Talk Like A Pirate Day. It was invented in 1995 by two young Americans, John Baur and Mark Summers. These two good friends came up with this idea when they were playing racquetball, and began to talk like pirates. At that moment, they thought, \"Young people are interested in pirate, but there is no such a chance for people to get together to share it. Why not have a day when everybody talks like a pirate?\" They decided to make September 19th the date. Since then, Baur and Summers have tried hard to promote Talk Like A Pirate Day. As Baur said, \"We've talked like pirates, and encouraged several of our friends to do so every September 19th.\" At first, this day was only known by a few people. In 2002, Baur and Summers sent a letter about their invented holiday to Dave Barry. This columnist really liked their idea. He promoted the holiday and made it known to more and more people. Now, it has really become an international holiday. On Talk Like A Pirate Day, you need to dress like a pirate. You should wear a big hat or maybe cover one of your eyes. You can pretend to be any kind of pirate that you can find in any story or movie. Having fun and being relaxed are not the only best things about the holiday. Young people share the same interest and childhood dreams that day. That's why it is welcomed by so many people, especially young people. Unlike traditional holidays, International Talk Like A Pirate Day is a brand new holiday which is invented by the youth themselves and celebrated by themselves too. Because of Baur and Summers' imagination and creativity, thousands of young people's pirate dream come true. Next time, when you have a good idea, why not share it with your fiends and insist on your belief? Maybe you can create another wonderful holiday for the youth in the future. \n Answer: They thought out the idea by chance and imagination",
            "output": [
                "How did John Baur and Mark Summers invent the special holiday?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7118491bc00049fe91cd9ebf00582b67",
            "input": "Article: Every child has written their names on the beach at some point. But whereas most people's \"handwriting\" is washed away, one super-rich Arab sheikh  has ensure that his graffiti  will last a little longer. Hamad Bin Hamdan Al Nahyan, 63, has scrawled his name in sand on an island he owns with letters so big that they be seen from space. The word \"HAMAD\" measures 1,000 meters high and is a staggering two miles long from the \"H\" to the \"D\" on the Al Futaisi Island. And rather than allow the writing to be washed away by the ocean, the letters actually form waterways that absorb the encroaching  tide. The ruler's name is even visible on Google's map service. Hamad dreamed up the idea and had his workmen work hard for weeks to craft the enormous piece of sand graffiti. It is not known how much it cost to make. However, the sheikh boasts a personal fortune second to the Saudi king's. Hamad, also known as the \"Rainbow Sheikh\", is a member of the Abu Dhabi Ruling Family. He is understood to have some 200 cars including seven Mercedes 500 SELs painted in different colors of the rainbow which he stores in a giant pyramid. The Arab sheikh had a taste for doing things on a large scale. He built the world's largest truck--eight times the size of the Dodge Power Wagon, with four bedrooms inside the cabin. Hamad constructed a motor home in the shape of a giant globe which is exactly 1 millionth the size of the actual earth. Alongside his displays of wealth he has become a well-known philanthropist  in medicine and supplied a complete Kinney stone operating theatre to a public hospital in Morocco where he continues to fund its stuff. \n Answer: Hamad is a man who boasts his fortune is second to the Saudi king's",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following in NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aabc499008444631b44e94eec2f479e8",
            "input": "Article: A lot more people are about to get a chance to buy Google Glass. It's the Internet-connected eyewear that has become the hottest sale. Google will sell the \"Explorer\" version  of Glass to any U.S. person who places an online order for the device beginning at 9am. PDT April 15. The product will cost $1,500. Google is saying how many sets of Glass will be available during the limited-time offer. This version of Glass, though, still isn't the perfect product that Google hopes to sell in stores later this year. For now, Google is still trying to recruit  more people willing to serve as volunteers for its attempt to build a wearable device that features some of the same feature as a smart phone. \" Our Explorers are moms, bakers, surgeons, rockers, and each new Explorer has brought a new view that is making Glass better,\" Google said. The device has a small screen attached above the right eye. A user can check e-mails, see Twitter post or get directions without having to use a phone. It can also take hands-free photos and video through voice-activated  commands. The ability to record images so easily has raised safely concerns about drivers wearing Glass. The lawmakers have to draw up new rules forbidding use of the device in moving vehicles. Google regards Glass as a breakthrough . It will make it easier for people to surf the Internet while on the go. They also hope that the device could help police officers, firefighters, doctors and reporters do their jobs better. \n Answer: It doesn't contain any actual glass in the future.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about Google Glass?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87e165a2d354426a9f68a0ad194ba229",
            "input": "Article: Sometimes it is difficult to talk to taxi drivers. They must give all their attention to the road as they work out the shortest way to the place where you are going. However, passengers from Wangfujing were in surprise when they took a taxi. The driver just would not stop talking - in English. Organized by the Cultural and Education Section of the British Embassy, \"Dare to Speak\" examines if Chinese people will speak English in \"real-life\" situations. Matthew Knowles, an acting student from South Carolina at Beijing Film Academy, acted the part as the \"driver\". He collected six passengers on Saturday morning, most of whom were female white-collar  workers. \"Of course they were surprised at first, wondering why I'm driving a taxi, and wondering whether this is a real taxi, but then most of them were pretty willing to speak,\" he said. Knowles said he was also surprised by his \"passengers\". \"Apart from my first 'passenger', who could speak very little English, all the rest spoke English very well, and it was fun to communicate with them,\" he said, adding that some \"passengers\" were quite talkative. The \"foreign taxi driver\" project was just one of the \"Dare to Speak\" activities, which have been going on since the end of October. Other projects included a foreign store owner near a high school in Beijing, a cook in a Shanghai university canteen. They were testing the willingness of Chinese people, especially students and white-collar workers, to speak to foreigners in English. Rong Xin, senior manager of IELTS   with the British Embassy, said they hoped to let IELTS takers in China know that communication is the _ goal of IELTS. \"We hope that more and more IELTS takers in China can realize the importance of communicating in English in real life, instead of just getting high test scores,\" she said. \n Answer: He took part in the project \"Dear to speak\"",
            "output": [
                "Why did Matthew Knowles drive a taxi?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6695ae8b840e4724aaea0f91cf9c5e79",
            "input": "Article: To me, life without music would not be exciting. I realize that this is not true for everybody. Many people get along quite well without going to the concert, and listening to the record. But music plays an important part in everyone's life, whether he realizes it or not. Try to imagine, for example, what films or TV plays would be like without music. Would the feelings, the moving plot, and the greatest interests, be so exciting or dramatic? I'm not sure about it. Now, we have been speaking of music in its more common meaning----the kind of music we hear in the concert hall. But if we look at some parts of music more closely, we discover them in our everyday life too----in the rhythm of the sea, the _ of a bird in the woods and so on. So music surely has meaning for everyone, in some way or other. And, of course, it has special meaning for those who have spent all their lives working on playing or writing music. It is well said, \"Through music a child enters into a world of beauty, expresses himself from his heart, feels the joy of doing things alone, learns to take care of others, develops his mind and makes his body strong.\" \n Answer: The development of music.",
            "output": [
                "What dose the writer say more about in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9d08daeec4b432c9e19f0d54a7c6d21",
            "input": "Article: My student teaching experience was a wonderful adventure. I had to deal with various discipline and behavior challenges that occurred again and again. The greatest part of it was the relationship I developed with two students. One of the students was named Michael,whom I met when I was working for a kindergarten. Before I became a morning bus assistant, I'd heard that Michael was a challenging student who would always shout, stand up on the bus, make fun of other students, and distract bus driver. So I decided that each morning, when he got on the bus, I'd have Michael sit beside me. At first he didn't like this idea and pouted about it. But soon he settled down, knowing he had no choice. I began to talk to him about little things outside of school life, such as his weekend activities and things that he liked to do. I also listened closely to him When he talked and thoroughly responded to his ideas. As I gave Michael the attention that he needed,little by little, he began to behave better and better. His transformation was noticed by all, by the students and especially the bus driver. Another student I took a special interest in was a boy named Tony, a third grader. To some, Tony seemed to be a slow or passive learner. So I decided to see if I could find a way to motivate Tony to stay on the task. I would sit in the seat next to him and encourage him through every step of the work he was doing. This helped him to stay motivated and at least the work was getting down on time. Before long, he was paying more attention to his studies, and scoring high on all his tests. I knew that all Tony had needed was to be motivated on a one-on-one basis. \n Answer: The writer's best memories of his teaching experience.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-75f448f03288485fa8945511d437801e",
            "input": "Article: \"Migrant workers\"  is a familiar term for 17-year-old Shi Jian. Her father and uncle often talk about the problems surrounding this group of people. However, Shi cares more about the children of these migrant workers. Last year Shi's housekeeper's daughter had to give up her schooling in Beijing because she would not be allowed to sit the national college entrance exam. She was forced to continue her high school education in her hometown in Sichuan Province. Shi thinks the current law is unfair for migrant workers' children, as it prevents them from studying at public schools, unless their parents pay huge sums. So, Shi decided to do a survey of migrant workers so that she could find some solutions to help solve the problem. In the last six months Shi spoke to 186 migrant workers in Beijing. Her interviewees include babysitters, guards, keepers, supermarket clerks, house cleaners and construction site workers. Shi found out that 55 of them were parents. Among this group, only eight have children who attend schools in Beijing. The other 47 had to leave children with relatives in the countryside. However, 40 of the 47 would like to enroll  their children in city schools. From her interviews, Shi found that the workers' lowest income was 400 yuan each month. Over one-third earn a monthly wage of or below 1000 yuan. \"Even schools for migrant workers' children charge more than public schools. Morever, parents constantly worry about these schools closing or relocating,\" she explained. Shi has recently completed a report about her survey, in which she makes a series of recommendations. \"The government can set up public schools for migrants' children equal to schools for city children. Second, to offset  migrant workers' very low pay, public schools should offer them special rates so they can afford their children's tuition . \n Answer: She wanted to draw people's attention and become famous",
            "output": [
                "What drove Shi to do the survey of migrant workers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d14d78c835a9458ca8e0a25ec41d0504",
            "input": "Article: Ban Fur? Then Why Not Leather? Much to the displeasure of some local businesses, the City Council in West Hollywood, California, voted without opposition last week to ban the sale of fur products. Should laws be involved in this issue? Is it unfair to ban sales of fur, but not sales of leather and hides  ? Animals Do Not Have Rights By Tibor R. Machan My view is that animals do not have basic rights. It is a matter of ethics   and not of the laws of human societies. If animals had such rights as human beings do, they would have to be held responsible for killing fellow animals in the wild. That way of thinking about animals makes a category mistake. Using animals, including their fur or organs, to improve people's lives is acceptable. A Small Step Against Cruelty By Kate Carter Both fur and leather are the skins of dead animals. Why should we think that the lovable furry ones deserve more of a life than the less pleasing ones? Some say leather is  less cruel because it's a byproduct   of the meat industry. But this isn't really true. Some cheap leather may be a byproduct of the meat industry, but often it's the other way round. In South Africa, where there is a developing market for ostrich farms, the skins account for roughly 80 percent of the slaughtered  birds' value, a mere 20 percent of which comes from the meat. \"Who\" Are You Wearing? By Marc Bekoff West Hollywood's ban is a move in the right direction. However, we must work to ban the sales of leather and hides, too. Furs come from animals who are attacked to become clothing, while some leather and hides come from slaughterhouse  animals. We must remember that when people choose to wear fur, leather and hides, they are wearing formering conscious beings. So it's a matter of who they are wearing, not what they are wearing because these animals must be referred to as who and not what or that. \n Answer: West Hollywood's ban on fur products.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-25d2468fe00b48918f9fa6af9d4ed730",
            "input": "Article: Another of President Bush's critics on climate change and his former rival for the White House, Al Gore, is inprefix = st1 /Londonon Friday to launch an environmental project with the head of the Virgin Business Company, Richard Branson. They're announcing a multi-million dollar international prize to encourage development and research into new forms of low carbon technology. The prize will be available to anyone who can apply a successful method of removing large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.      Almost all scientists agree that we are experiencing global warming due to increased amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is released when fuel is burned. Oil, coal and wood are all fuels that release the gas. When biological wasted breaks down, it also releases carbon dioxide.      Environmental campaigners and climate change scientists tell us we're pumping an unbearable amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. One way to reduce that will be to use less fossil fuel , the burning of which is a key resource to our way of life, but sharp reduction of oil and coal use is unpopular with governments and people alike. So technologies are being developed, like carbon capture and storage that aim to take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, compress  it and pump it into the ground. But that's still in its early stages, so the purpose of this prize is to encourage research into new ways of decarbonizing the atmosphere. A scientific panel, chaired by Al Gore, will judge any entries. Environmental campaigners are hoping such a significant prize will attract large amounts of publicity and brainpower. \n Answer: Al Gore doesn't agree with President Bush's Policy on climate.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following sentences is correct according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4bf1481b50034531a5f445544f6076fb",
            "input": "Article: Chocolate soap is supposed to be good for the skin. But it's not so good for the tongue. Unfortunately for the US soldiers of World War II, the chocolate bars the army gave them tasted like they were intended for use in the bath. In the army's defense, it wasn't trying to win any cooking awards. In fact, it specifically ordered that its chocolate bars not be too delicious, so soldiers wouldn't eat them too quickly. These bars were created for survival, not taste. \"They were awful,\" John Otto, a former army captain in World War II said, \"They were big, thick things, and they weren't any good. I tried them, but I had to be awfully hungry after I tried them once.\" As unappealing as the chocolate bars were to some, others like them. Samuel Hinkle, the chemist who created the chocolate bars, pointed out that the number of bars made were far greater than the army needed. \"It soon became obvious that the generous American soldiers were sharing their valued possessions with their foreign friends, whether soldiers of other countries or local citizens.\" The bars turned many hungry Europeans into friends of the United States. \"People wanted them,\" said Otto. \"You'd give them to kids. In some places they were very hungry. And they surely helped relax people about American soldiers.\" Otto said he never saw a European _ the chocolate. \"It was food,\" he said. \"At that time, everyone was very hungry. I saw German kids standing outside the US army kitchen. They weren't begging, just standing there very politely. When we were done, the kids would eat the food out of the garbage. They were so hungry.\" Other Europeans did not see chocolate until well after the war ended. \"We didn't see any Americans where I was,\" said Elizabeth Radsma, who was 25 years old when the Germans occupied her country, the Netherlands. \"Even after the war, we saw only the British. Maybe the Americans gave out some chocolates in the big cities, but we were only in a small town. Before the British, we saw only German soldiers. But chocolate? Don't make me laugh! Maybe in my dreams!\" A soldier in the field might have responded \"Be careful what you wish for\"--and then gratefully bit on a chocolate bar, the only food available for miles. \n Answer: The US army produced more chocolate bars than necessary for its soldiers.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f57ebb236bd745ee8aad798b8de20bbb",
            "input": "Article: In 1905, as part of his Special Theory of Relativity, Albert Einstein published the point that a large amount of energy could be released from a small amount of matter. This was expressed by the equation E = mc2. But bombs were not what Einstein had in mind when he published this equation. In 1929, he publicly declared that if a war broke out he would \"refuse to do war service, direct or indirect....\" His position would change in 1933, as the result of Adolf Hitler's coming into power in Germany. Einstein's greatest role in the invention of the atomic bomb was signing a letter to President Franklin Roosevelt urging that the bomb be built because some physicists feared that Germany might be working on an atomic bomb. Among those concerned were physicists Leo Szilard and Eugene Wigner. But they had no influence with those in power. So in July 1939 they explained the problem to someone who did: Albert Einstein. After talking with Einstein, in August 1939 Szilard wrote a letter to President Roosevelt with Einstein's signature on it, which was delivered to Roosevelt in October 1939. Germany had invaded Poland the previous month, the time was ripe for action. That October research of a-bomb began but proceeded slowly because the invention of the atomic bomb seemed distant and unlikely. In April 1940 an Einstein letter, ghost-written by Szilard, pressed the researchers on the need for \"greater speed\". As the realization of nuclear weapons grew near, Einstein looked beyond the current war to future problems that such weapons could bring. He wrote to his friend about his fear about the future use of the a-bomb. The atomic bombings of Japan occurred three months after Germany gave in.  In November 1954, five months before his death, Einstein summarized his feelings about his role in the creation of the atomic bomb: \"I made one great mistake in my life...when I signed the letter to President Roosevelt recommending that atom bombs be made; but there was some justification---the danger that the Germans would make them? \n Answer: They were not as influential as Einstein.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about Szilard and Wigner?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad15489be962454fa82a4d9435179460",
            "input": "Article: From Chengdu to Jiuzhaigou, you can travel along the East Line not only the other line going past Dujiangyan and Wenchuan. Take a regular bus from Chengdu Chengbei Bus Station from 9:00 to 16:30. It only takes about three hours to Jiangyou. The ticket is CNY50.00 net per person. Up along Fujiang River, you will pass the second largest city in Sichuan, Mianyang and enjoy the picturesque scenery. There is bus available to the destination from 6:30 to 13:30 in Mianyang Pingzheng Bus Station,The one way ticket is about CNY95.00 net per person. In this case, you can not get stop at Jiangyou and Pingwu. This is one option for you. In Jiangyou, visit the Former Residence of Li Bai, the famous poet in Tang Dynasty. If time permits, you can also take a look at the Doutuan Mountain, which is famous for its unique sceneries and also holdsnational gliding   campaigns every year. Take bus at Jiangyou Bus Station to Pingwu and stay there for one night. Our recommendation is to stay at the Pingwu Hotel, which is the first hotel that can serve foreigners in the small city. The contact phone number is 0816 - 8822022. Pingwu has the best royal Buddhist temples in Ming Dynasty, Bao'en Temple and the historic relics in the period of Three Kingdoms (220-280). The next day, take bus to Huanglong, which is 120 kilometers away from Pingwu. It only takes about 2 hours to arrive at one of the world's most naturally fantastic locations - the Huanglong Scenic and Historic Areas. The bus ticket is CNY30.00 net per person. You can easily find the bus from Chuanzhusi to Jiuzhaigou. The journey time is 1.5 hours. Here we would like to recommend another hotel in Jiuzhaigou for you, Mofang Hotel. The contact number is 0837-7764926. Two days in Jiuzhaigou Valley can give you enough time to explore there. Sometimes, you need to purchase the extra charge for entering the valley twice. \n Answer: Chengdu - Mianyang - Jiangyou - Pingwu - Chuanzhusi-Huanglong - Jiuzhaigou",
            "output": [
                "What is the tour route of the East Line from Chengdu to Jiuzhaigou according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-20b46bacfd6b4dd8973262ce9a068ace",
            "input": "Article: Hi, everybody. On Friday, I had a discussion with working women in Rhode Island about the economic challenges they face in their own lives--challenges shared by many of you. Thanks to the work we've all put in, our economy has come a long way these past six years. Over the past 55 months, our businesses have added 10.3 million new jobs. For the first time in six years, the unemployment rate is below 6 percent. And on Thursday, we learned that over the past six months, our economy has grown at its fastest pace since 2003. But the gains of a growing economy aren't yet felt by everyone. So we've got to harness  this momentum , and make the right choices so that everyone who works hard can get ahead. In recent weeks, I've talked about these choices, from raising the minimum wage to creating new jobs in construction and manufacturing. Today, I want to focus on what I discussed with those women -- the choices we need to make to help more women get ahead in today's economy. Right now, women make up almost half of our workers. More women are their family's main _ than ever before. So the simple truth is, when women succeed, America succeeds. And we should be choosing policies that benefit women--because that benefits all of us. Women deserve fair pay. Even though it's 2014, there are women still earning less than men for doing the same work. We don't have second-class citizens in this country--we shouldn't in the workplace, either. So let's make sure women earn equal pay for equal work, and have a fair shot at success. Women deserve to be able to take time off to care for a new baby, an ailing parent, or take a sick day for themselves without running into hardship. So let's make sure all Americans have access to paid family leave . Pregnant workers deserve to be treated fairly. Even today, women can be fired for taking too many bathroom breaks, or forced on unpaid leave just for being pregnant. That's wrong--and we have to choose policies that ensure pregnant workers are treated with dignity and respect. New parents deserve quality, affordable childcare. There's nothing like the peace of mind that comes with knowing that your kids are safe while you're at work. And the benefits that children get out of early enrichment can pay off for a lifetime. But in many states, sending your kid to daycare costs more than sending them to a public university. So let's start demanding Pre-K for our kids. And when most low-wage workers are women, but Congress hasn't passed a minimum wage increase in seven years, it's long past time that women deserve a raise. About 28 million workers would benefit from an increase in the minimum wage to ten dollars and ten cents an hour. And more than half of those workers are women. The local businesses where these workers spend their money would benefit, too. So let's do this -- let's give America a raise. All of these policies are common sense. All of them are within our reach. We've just got to speak up and choose them. Because they'll build a stronger America for all of us. Thanks, and have a great weekend. \n Answer: During the last half year, our economy has grown fastest since 2003.",
            "output": [
                "Which is the true fact according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-59c28ae839584e818e746c5ed0ad3de4",
            "input": "Article: It was an extremely hot day. My younger brother Walt and I had decided to go swimming in a deep swimming hole across Mr. Blickez's farm and through some woods, because it would be the only way to cool ourselves down. The only problem with our plan was that this farm was guarded by a huge mean   Hereford bull  . Mr. Blickez had told us that Elsie was the meanest bull in town, maybe even in the county and we believed in him. But the hotter it got, the more we thought there was something _ about what he said. For one thing, we remembered Mr. Blickez liked telling tall tales; for another, Elsie seemed like a strange name for a bull. Finally, I talked Mom into asking permission for us to walk through the farm, and Mr. Blickez agreed. On our way across the farm, we stopped at the fence to admire the swimming hole. The sun shone brightly across the cool waters. We couldn't wait to get there. Suddenly, Walt shouted loudly. Elsie had run to him and was licking   his back. I immediately hid under the fence. However, when I looked up, I saw that Elsie wasn't a big mean bull at all. She was just a friendly young cow, and she was going to keep licking my brother's back as long as he stood still. When we discovered the truth, we were so happy. We then ran to the swimming hole and jumped in. The water was just as wonderful as we had dreamed. After that day, we had many good days and we often visited our secret swimming hole guarded by the so-called \"big mean bull\". . \n Answer: They had to face a very mean bull.",
            "output": [
                "What was the problem faced by the author and his brother?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ddcf9b95f624837a33539ecc8649cba",
            "input": "Article: It seems that the Englishman just cannot live without sports of some kind. A famous French humourist once said that this is because the English insist on behaving like children all their lives. Wherever you go in this country you will see both children and grown-ups knocking a ball about with a stick or something, as if in Britain men shall always remain boys and women girls! Still, it can never be bad to get exercise, can it? Taking all amateur and professional sports in Britain into consideration, there can be no doubt that football is at the top of the list. It is called soccer in the United States. The game originated in Britain and was played in the Middle Ages or even earlier, though as an organized game, or \"association football\", it dates only from the beginning of the 19th century. The next is rugby, which is called \"football\" in the United States. It is a kind of football played by two teams of fifteen players rather than eleven. The rugby, in which an oval-shaped ball is used can be handled as well as kicked. It is a pretty rough game. In summer, cricket is the most popular sport. In fact, it has sometimes been called the English national game. Most foreigners find the game rather slow or even boring, but it enjoys great popularity among the British. Tennis rates high on the list, too. It was introduced into England from France in the 15th century, but it was from England that it spread to practically every country in the world. Table-tennis or \"ping-pong\" surely is not played on a great scale as it is in China or in Japan. Basketball and volleyball were introduced into Britain during the late 19th century from America and are gaining popularity. Horse-back riding, swimming, rowing and golf all attract a lot of people. \n Answer: They both can be kicked",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about football and rugby?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-177ef3302dd348ff9def90267a260b27",
            "input": "Article: Experts have put forward detailed plans for a tunnel to connect Taiwan with the Chinese mainland.     The shortest proposed route would be 126 kilometers more than twice the length of the English Channel Tunnel. And the longest proposed route would be 207 kilometers.     A recent conference in Xiamen, Fujian Province brought together more than 70 experts. The event was co-sponsored   by universities from Taiwan and the Chinese mainland.     Fujian is the province where both proposed routes would begin. There is direct passenger access between the mainland and Taiwan by air and sea at the moment. Experts say that it is better to start research sooner rather than later, although there is a lack of government funding . There are no technical problems to build a Taiwan tunnel. But it will require an improved political relationship across the Straits .     A professor of Tsinghua University said, \"A special feature of huge projects is that the period of preparation is longer than the period of construction.\"     For example, he said, the English Channel Tunnel took 14 years of planning and had been discussed for two centuries. And preparations for the huge Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River began in the 1950s.     The Xiamen conference focused on the longest southern route, which would pass Jinmen and Penghu.     The first stage of the new project could be a bridge to cross the five kilometers between Xiamen and Jinmen. This would mean that travelling from Xiamen to Jinmen by car would only take five minutes.     The longest tunnel now being planned anywhere in the world is the 54-kilometer land tunnel to link Lyon in France with Turin in Italy. The tunnel will not be completed until 2015-2020. \n Answer: The passage doesn't mention it.",
            "output": [
                "Which is the longest tunnel in the world at present?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0d27b91feb8f4e1295b40d8705e4a0bd",
            "input": "Article: Hilton English Language Center Information for New Students CLASS TIME: 8:30a.m.--10:00a.m., 10:30a.m.--12:00a.m., 1:30p.m.--3:00p.m.. The Language Center is open Monday to Friday. Each class has one afternoon free per week. On the first day, go to the lecture hall to check your timetable. SELF-ACCESS: The language laboratory (Room 1110) is open Monday to Friday from 3:15p.m. to 5:00p.m. for all full-time students. You can learn how to use computers for language games or word-processing . There are tapes for students to borrow to practice their English. Go in and ask the teacher to show you. If you plan to take public examinations, there are dictation and listening comprehension tapes for you to practice with. There are cloze exercises on the computers. Ask your class teacher for a list of past exam essays. Students can borrow tapes to take home but they must be returned after two days. ATTENDANCE :All students are expected to attend classes as it is required. Students who do not attend classes will be reported to OSS. Eighty percent attendance is required for students to receive their certificates when they finish their courses. It is also required by OSS for an extension to your visa. BOOKS: If students are given course books, the books are their responsibility. If a book is lost, the student will be expected to pay for it. If students wish to buy books, there is a bookshop in the college specializing in English books (Room 3520). \n Answer: 8:30a.m.--3:00p.m..",
            "output": [
                "When do classes begin and end on a full day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-80ccba100786418484ff9afb78351f49",
            "input": "Article: Many adults in the United States can remember crying the nursery rhyme in the street \"Hot cross buns!\" But only a few people realize this was an early form of advertising. Written advertisements probably began with hieroglyphics more than three thousand years ago, but only a few people could read these symbols. So merchants made signs with pictures or hung their tools over their doors to identify their businesses. In the time of the Roman Empire, wall paintings were a popular form of advertisement. An ad for a play, or some other performance was painted on part of a building or on a wall around a city. People often advertised a house for rent or a freshwater bath in this way, too. Today, large wall signs are still used for outdoor advertising. But outdoor advertising is only a small fraction of the total advertising. About forty per -cent of all ads are printed in daily newspapers. Radio commercials also provide this kind of information. Some people think they are the best form of advertising because radio broadcasts reach almost everyone in a nation. Advertisements in magazines and on television reach many people, too. However, usually only large companies can advertise on a national network, because TV commercials shown across the country can cost many thousands of dollars. Then there are ads that are almost part of daily living. If you use public transportation, you will see large printed ads, called ear cards, on buses and taxis and in trains. Ads are painted on the trucks that deliver products people are buying or selling. \n Answer: Origin of advertising",
            "output": [
                "Which is the passage mainly discussing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-348cbc5769ba4fd2a5a5568217bc345f",
            "input": "Article: Without any previous notice, a documentary dominated headlines and social websites over the weekend. Under the Dome, a 103-minute documentary self-funded by former CCTV news anchor Chai Jing was released on video-sharing websites in China on Feb 28. It has rapidly pushed the public awareness about air pollution and encouraged people to join in efforts to make a difference. Chai, 39, said she started the work out of her \"personal clashes\" with smog after she gave birth to a daughter. \"I sealed tight all the windows. I started every day by checking the air pollution index,\" Chai said. Millions of other people are also doing the same. While they stop there, Chai goes deeper. \"I don't want to live in this way. 1 need to find out where the smog comes from and what on earth is going on.\" Over a year, she investigated polluted sites to find the sources of smog, visited the US and the UK to learn about their anti-pollution experiences, and interviewed officials, scientists and the general public. Chai's research reveals that the burning of coal and oil contributes to 60 percent of PM2.5 pollutants. She thus questions the country's energy consumption habits in the film. She then goes on to disclose loopholes   in car emissions regulations. The film also explains that businesses are pressured not to abide by  the laws because violating  them carries little or no cost, while making changes bumps up costs. The film also points at China's petroleum and steel industries as the biggest sources of air pollution. Cheng Chen, a 22-year-old student from Beijing Foreign Studies University, found the documentary \"very inspiring\". \"I used to think it's not my duty to deal with air pollution--I don't own a factory or a car,\" said Cheng. \"But Chai told me we share the same fate since we breathe the same air and there is a lot I can do.\" However, some people are annoyed by the film's description of their polluted hometowns, especially when it shows a banner from Xingtai in Hebei saying \"Congratulations to our city for no longer being ranked the last place among the country's 74 cities in terms of air quality\".  _ \"What's important is that Chai's work has raised public attention toward the structure of the energy industry,\" she said.   Meanwhile, experts remind moved viewers of the film's limitations. \n Answer: Chai thinks that it is the burning of coal and oil that leads to air pollution in china.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8a7fab65c3f64a04b955dfd5e3016784",
            "input": "Article: In summer, millions of people will head for the beach.And while the ocean can be a great place to swim and play, it may also be useful in another way.Some scientists think that waves could help make electricity. \"Have you ever been on a surfboard or boat and felt yourself being lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the energy as waves crashed over you?\" asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland.\"There is certainly a lot of energy in waves.\" Scientists are working on using that energy to make electricity. Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean.\"The winds start out by making little ripples   in the water, but if they keep on blowing , those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves, \"Taylor said.\"Waves are one of nature's ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.\" When waves come towards the shore, people can set up dams or other barricades to block the water and send it through a large wheel called a turbine   .The turbine can then power an electrical generator   . The United States and a few other countries have started doing research on wave energy , and it is already being used in Scotland. The resource is huge.We will never run out of wave power, besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as other energy sources, such as oil and coal. Oceans cover three quarters of the earth's surface.That would make wave power seem perfect for creating energy around the world.There are some _ , however. Jamie Taylor said that wave power still cost too much money.He said that its effects on animals in the sea were still unknown.Plus, wave power would get in the way of fishing and boat traffic. With more research, however, \"many of these problems might be overcome,\" Taylor said.\"Demand for energy to power our TVs and computers, drive our cars, and heat and cool our homes is growing quickly throughout the world.Finding more energy sources is very important, for traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may run out some day.\" In the future, when you turn on a light switch, an ocean wave could be providing the electricity! \n Answer: Wave energy creates the same amount of pollution as other energy sources.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dee87bc385a1445fa8c463dd422bd8d7",
            "input": "Article: I was at a busy traffic crossing waiting to cross to the other side. There was a family--a man, his wife and an old lady, waiting to cross with me. Then, the light turned green and all of us walked quickly across the road. The light lasted very short, and changed into red in no time. I noticed that both the man and his wife had crossed along with me and the old lady was left behind. I quickly realized what happened. When the light turned dreen again, I ran over to the other side, offered the old lady my right hand and we quickly walked together to the other side of the road. I used my left hand to stop any oncoming   traffic so that even if the crossing signal turned red, we cuold make it to the other side safely. In the meantime, both the man and his wife realized that they had left the old woman behind and they ran back.. The old lady was in tears and told me, \"Young man, you are more caring   than my son,\" and then gave me a warm handshake  . The man and woman were sorry about what happened and also thanked me. Before leaving, the old lady gave me a big smile, which I have cherished   even to this day. She kept waving and waving until we couldn't see each other any more. \n Answer: She was too old to walk quickly.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the old lady cross the road with the others ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ab462eda26984dc5a0d707b3f5858989",
            "input": "Article: Thanks a Million, Dad I was born disabled.A difficult birth, feet first, my head stuck.By my first birthday, I couldn't stand or walk. When I was three, the doctor told dad I had cerebral palsy  .A loss of oxygen to my brain had destroyed brain signals to the right side of my body. But no son of my dad' s was going to be disabled.Every morning before breakfast and every evening before bed, my dad placed me on the bedroom floor to exercise my right leg.The muscles were shrunk and twisted together.Back and forth up and down, my dad pushed and pulled the muscles into shape. But my dad' s exercise of passion didn't stop there.For my 13th birthday, he threw me a special party.When everybody was gone, he brought me to open a large box, it was a-set of boxing gloves.We put them on.My dad kept on beating me mercilessly.Each time I tried to get up, leather kissed my nose, eyes and jaw.I \"begged him to stop. He said he beat me to get me ready for the tough world. That same year, I was the only kid in my neighborhood that wasn't picked for Little League. Two weeks later.Dad started the Shedd Park Minor League, and every kid played.Dad coached us and made me a pitcher  . The power of my dad' s love guaranteed I walked and more.In high school, I became a football star. In 1997, a brain surgeon in San Jose told me I didn't t have cerebral palsy after all.He explained how and where the doctor' s forceps   at birth had damaged my brain. My dad never knew the whole truth since he passed away years ago.But all that counts is the bottom line.After all his madness, on this Father' s Day, like every Father' s Day, I' m no longer disabled. \n Answer: The doctor's forceps.",
            "output": [
                "What caused the author' s disability?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b38ecca1e18b4c6083897ca0db1ca1b9",
            "input": "Article: Some diaries from Jackie Chan's blog January 4, 2009 Lately I've been busy in Beijing having meetings to discuss my new movie. I also attended John Wu's ceremony of his new movie,Red Cliff,which took two years to complete. I'm good friends with the director John Wu and the main actor Tony Leung. January 5, 2009 Today I went to record a television program for Beijing TV calledVolunteers Across China. This TV program is a large-scale reality show that is based on the idea that \"good people reap good rewards\" and it hopes to encourage people to be more aware and help the \"good people\" who are in difficult situations. January 6, 2009 I'm very pleased to _ that my Jackie Chan automobile website is set up and officially operating! I hope that through this automotive website, I can get in touch with more people who want to buy cars. January 7, 2009 Today, I went to record a song calledZhongguo Nian. This song was written by Chang Shilei. I sing this song together with Tan Jing. Chang Shilei is a naturally talented musician. He also has an interesting habit. His piano is placed next to his bed. When he wakes up, he plays the piano until he's tired, and then he lies down on his bed to sleep. January 9, 2009 Today I met with the producer and director ofLongwei Xiaozi ,and I also brought along my friend's daughter for a screen test. Although my friend's daughter grew up in China, her English is very good and it just happened by chance that this movie needs a young actress for a part, so I took her along to audition . \n Answer: My busy life.",
            "output": [
                "What might be the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7526fc7099124cb5a9bf174b129798b0",
            "input": "Article: \"Thanks for coming,\" Everett said, shaking hands with Mr. Hanson, the town councilor  .                \"I'm curious about the ideas in your letter.\" Mr. Hanson nodded toward the parking lot near where they stood. \"Please tell me more.\"                Everett took a deep breath. \"Ever since the school closed two years ago, this area has become worse. But if we clean up the litter and repair the fence, it will be a great place for a skateboard park.\" Mr. Hanson scanned the broken concrete, nodding. \"The old school is being adapted to a community arts centre. This area could become a vital part of the neighbourhood again.\"                \"Here's a picture of a skateboard park in another town. Look how busy it is.\" Everett was relieved that the community representative seemed receptive to the idea. Mr. Hanson studied the photograph, and then asked, \"If town council provides the money, how will you and your friends contribute?\" Everett felt optimistic now. \"We'll help design and build the ramps . More experienced boarders could give lessons to raise money!\" Everett's voice was enthusiastic.                However, Mr. Hanson said, \"We'll still need parking spaces, and the neighbours will not like late-night noise. They might worry about the crime of deliberately damaging public property and....\"               \"The skateboard park would use only the back corner, which isn't near any houses. Since young people already hang out here, why not give them something fun and physically active to do in their free time?\"              The lines over Mr. Hanson's forehead unwrinkled  , and Everett's hopes rose again. \"If everyone works together,\" Everett thought, \"maybe this idea will become reality.\" \n Answer: In the art centre.",
            "output": [
                "Where were Everett and Mr. Hanson talking?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7243f2eaad6443e1a23ed6868e72107c",
            "input": "Article: Tayka Hotel De Sal Where: Tahua, Bolivia How much: About $95 a night Why it's cool: You've stayed at hotels made of brick or wood, but salt? That's something few can claim. Tayka Hotel de Sal is made totally of salt -- including the beds (though you'll sleep on regular mattresses   and blankets). The hotel sits on the Salar de Uyuni, a prehistoric dried-up lake that's the world's biggest salt flat. Builders use the salt from the 4,633-square-mile flat to make the bricks, and glue them together with a paste of wet salt that hardens when it dries. When rain starts to dissolve the hotel, the owners just mix up more salt paste to strengthen the bricks. Green Magic Nature Resort Where: Vythiri, India How much: About $240 a night Why it's cool: Riding a pulley -operated lift 86 feet to your treetop room is just the start of your adventure. As you look out of your open window -- there is no glass! -- you watch monkeys and birds in the rain forest canopy. Later you might test your fear of heights by crossing the handmade rope bridge to the main part of the hotel, or just sit on your bamboo bed and read. You don't even have to come down for breakfast -- the hotel will send it up on the pulley-drawn \"elevator\". Dog Bark Park Inn B&B  Where: Cottonwood, Idaho How much: $92 a night Why it's cool: This doghouse isn't just for the family pet. Sweet Willy is a 30-foot-tall dog with guest rooms in his belly. Climb the wooden stairs beside his hind leg to enter the door in his side. You can relax in the main bedroom, go up a few steps to the loft in Willy's head, or hang out inside his nose. Although you have a full private bathroom in your quarters, there is also a toilet in the 12-foot-tall fire hydrant outside. Gamirasu Cave Hotel Where: Ayvali, Turkey How much: Between $130 and $475 a night. Why it's cool: This is caveman cool! Experience what it was like 5,000 years ago, when people lived in these mountain caves formed by volcanic ash. But your stay will be much more modern. Bathrooms and electricity provide what you expect from a modern hotel, and the white volcanic ash, called tufa, keeps the rooms cool, about 65degFin summer. (Don't worry -- there is heat in winter.) \n Answer: It is located on a prehistoric dried-up lake.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about Tayka Hotel de Sal is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e56df7f0245746d2accd093bd29398cb",
            "input": "Article: Computer technology is still developing rapidly. The computer of the future will continue to increase in value and performance while decreasing in cost. It will become smaller, but faster and more powerful. It is possible to make some guesses about what the future of the computer will look like, based upon the types of technologies that are being developed now. A lot of progress has already been made in some of these new technologies, but some are still in their earliest stages and may not be ready for use for years. Two of the most interesting areas of computing that are currently being developed are quantum computing   and nanotechnology  . Quantum computing is one possibility for the future of the computer that could make computers run far faster than even the quickest computers do today. Quantum computers could be able to do what modern supercomputers are unable to do by using transistors that are able to take on many states at the same time. Nanotechnology could also change the face of computing, by creating computers that could be very powerful, though they are tiny in size. These computers could be incorporated   into everyday objects, including electrical appliances  , clothes and even the human body. We will be able to use computers in new and unimaginable ways. They will become a part of our lives rather than simply being a box that is used only for specific purposes, such as work. Quantum computing and nanotechnology will be able to play new roles, which will make us live greener lives, as well as enjoy better health and happier lives. \n Answer: Less valuable.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can NOT describe the computer of the future properly?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81976e86149a4198b36ed644f51d82ab",
            "input": "Article: As computers become more popular in China , Chinese people are increasingly relying on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters . But if they use the computer too much , they may end up forgetting the exact strokes of each Chinese character when writing on paper . Experts suggest people , especially students , write by hand more . Do you write by hand more or type more ? In Beijing , students start using a computer as early as primary school . And computer dependence is more widespread among university students . Almost all their assignments and essays are typed on a computer . All the students interviewed say they usually use a computer . It's faster and easier to correct if using a computer . And that's why computers are being applied more and more often to modern education . But when people are computers increasingly , problems appear . \" When I'm writing with a pen , I find I often can't remember how to write a character , though I feel I'm familiar with it .\" \" I'm not in the mood to write when faced with a pen and paper .\" Many students don't feel this is something to worry about . Now that it's more convenient and efficient to write on a computer , why bother to handwrite ? Many educators think differently . Shi Liwei , the headmaster of a famous primary school in the capital said \" Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic value . But those characters typed with computer keyboards only maintain their practical value . All the artistic beauty of the characters is lost . And handwriting contains the writer's emotion . Through one's handwriting , people can get to know one's thinking and personality . Beautiful writing will give people a better first impression of them .\" To encourage students to handwrite more , many primary schools in Beijing have made writing classes compulsory and in universities , some professors are asking students to turn in their homework and essays written by hand . \n Answer: To Type or to Handwrite .",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-52364a86a7f54285b9a7b3b20da47971",
            "input": "Article: Every year, Americans send millions of tons of food to the landfill  . What if you could use all of those rotten vegetables to heat your home? That's happening in one unlikely laboratory: the Newtown Creek Wastewater Treatment Plan in Brooklyn The plant's longtime manager, Jimmy Pynn, shows off the plant's crown jewels: eight huge, shiny, oval-shaped steel tanks known as digester eggs. Each one contains millions of gallons of black material that's roughly pea soup. Pynn calls it \"black gold\". \"The digesters like to be fed like us: three times a day,\" he says. \"They like to be kept warm, 98 degrees. And that's what we have these guys for: to make methane ,which can be used to heat homes or make electricity.\" Right now, what these bacteria are digesting is mostly sewage  mud. But they are being introduced to a new diet food scraps. The hope is that this plant will soon take in hundreds of tons of organic waste from houses and apartments. \"Cardboard packaging, rotten tomatoes, fats, oils, old diary products--those are all great food-stuff for a digester,\" says Paul Sellew. \"My micro-organisms love that. That's their five-course meal.\" \"Everything in New York City is like big scale when you're talking about quantities of waste,\" says Samantha MacBride. \"Right now, it's all in its infancy. When you're in an apartment building, to separate out food scraps, it requires a lot of effort and attention,\" says MacBride. \"It doesn't have to have unpleasant smell or be inconvenient. But it takes extra work. It's the first, what I will call the baby step,\" says Paul Sellew. \"Because ultimately in New York City, just the restaurants alone, you're talking well over a million tons a year,\" he says. This new industry is trying to build more plants and digesters to handle all of that waste, says Sellew. The costliest part may be finding good locations in or around the nation's biggest cities. As for the trillions of bacteria? They'll work for free--- as long as you feed them. \n Answer: To make crown jewels.",
            "output": [
                "What role are the digester eggs expected to play?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3580f2f6f7c44000bf574ea3be13c745",
            "input": "Article: Nowadays everybody seems to think that they know English. Many people speak it but few speak it really well. Practice is necessary in speaking English well. Reading is also one of the things that will help you to speak English better. Read whenever you can and whatever you like! Read papers and Internet sites that you like in English every day. Then, you will see that the number of known words is increasing and you are able to speak with more skills. Then you will have made the foundations and a good basis of English. It is not good to stop and get stuck there. Going to England or an English speaking country is a good choice, but many people cannot afford it. If you cannot go, reading and speaking with your friends will also help you to practice your English. However, I think that it is very good to visit some English speaking country to see and test your knowledge in everyday life. You will feel the everyday usage of the language in its natural environment. There your level of English is going to improve even faster. Your ability to speak English is better. Nothing can match the excitement and happiness when a native speaker tells you that your English is very good! Finally, in order to speak English well, you must be persistent and do it every day. It is like playing the piano. Pianists play it every day and so should you. Include English in your life and you will see where it is going. Practice, practice! Read, write and improve your language skills and you are on your way when you will be able to speak it with more and more confidence! \n Answer: How to Speak English Well",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5c78ea86c95c4b68a8e1e695ac04f246",
            "input": "Article: A number of times Rosemary edged closer to Gordon , meaning to take his arm, but he edged away from her. She thought that she had offended him deeply, and that he was disappointed because she had pushed him away. She would have apologized if he had given her half a chance. But as a matter of fact, he was scarcely thinking of this any longer. It was the money business that was troubling him now. And the fact was that he would soon have to confess it. What nonsense it made of all he had said! Presently she stopped him, and swung him round to face her. \"Gordon, why won't you speak to me?\" she said. \"Are you still angry with me for what happened just now?\" \"No, I was never angry with you. You're not to blame. Something else has been worrying me all the way along, I've only eight pence left. I had just enough money for today when we started out, but that dinner bill upset everything. Can you lend me some money?' Rosemary was amazed. \"What does it matter if you've only eight pence left? How can you let yourself be worried by a thing like that? As though I objected to lending you money, aren't I always telling you that I want to pay for myself when we go out together?' \"Yes, and you know how I hate you paying.\" \"Oh, how silly you are.\" She said. \"Do you think there's anything to be ashamed of in having no money?\" Gordon's face went bright pink. \"Of course there is ! It's the only thing in the world there is to be ashamed of. I can't be a complete human being--I don't feel a human being -unless I've got money in my pocket.\" \n Answer: He wouldn't let her touch him.",
            "output": [
                "What gave Rosemary the idea that she had hurt Gordon's feelings deeply?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2a7fad80194542c1b54fef7f496cfb75",
            "input": "Article: Tom appeared on the sidewalk with a bucket of whitewash and a long-handled brush. He stopped by the fence in front of the house where he lived with his aunt Polly. He looked at it, and all joy left him. The fence was long and high. He put the brush into the whitewash and moved it along the top of the fence. He repeated the operation. He felt he could not continue and sat down. He knew that his friends would arrive soon with all kinds of interesting plans for the day. They would walk past him and laugh. They would make jokes about his having to work on a beautiful summer Saturday. The thought burned him like fire. He put his hand into his pockets and took out all that he owned. Perhaps he could find some way to pay someone to do the whitewashing for him. But there was nothing of value in his pockets --nothing that could buy even half an hour of freedom. So he put the bits of toys back into his pockets and gave up the idea At this dark and hopeless moment, a wonderful idea came to him. It filled his mind with a great, bright light. Calmly he picked up the brush and started again to whitewash. While Tom was working, Ben Rogers appeared. Ben was eating an apple as he walked along the street. As he walked along, he was making noises like the sound of a riverboat. First he shouted loudly, like a boat captain. Then he said \"Ding-Dong-Dong\", \"Ding-Dong-Dong\" again and again, like the bell of a riverboat. And he made other strange noises. When he came close to Tom, he stopped. Tom went on whitewashing. He did not look at Ben. Ben stared a moment and then said: \"Hello! I'm going swimming, but you can't go, can you?\" No answer. Tom moved his brush carefully along the fence and looked at the result with the eye of an artist. Ben came nearer. Tom's mouth watered for the apple, but he kept on working. Ben said, \"Hello, old fellow, you've got to work, hey?\" Tom turned suddenly and said, \"Why, it's you, Ben! I wasn't noticing.\" \"Say --I'm going swimming. Don't you wish you could? But of course you'd rather work -- wouldn't you? Of course you would.\" Tom looked at the boy a bit, and said \"What do you call work?\" \"Why, isn't that work?\" Tom went back to his whitewashing, and answered carelessly. \"Well, maybe it is, and maybe it isn't. All I know is, it suits Tom Sawyer.\" \"Oh come, now, you don't mean to say that you like it?\" The brush continued to move. \"Like it? Well, I don't see why I shouldn't like it. Does a boy get a chance to whitewash a fence every day?\" Ben stopped eating his apple. Tom moved his brush back and forth, stepped back to look at the result, added a touch here and there, and stepped back again. Ben watched every move and got more and more interested. Soon he said, \"Say, Tom, let me whitewash a little.\" Tom thought for a moment, was about to agree; but he changed his mind. \"No --no --it won't do, Ben. You see, Aunt Polly wants this fence to be perfect. It has got to be done very carefully. I don't think there is one boy in a thousand, maybe two thousand, that can do it well enough.\" \"No --is that so? Oh come, now --let me just try. Only just a little.\" \"Ben, I'd like to, but if it isn't done right, I'm afraid Aunt Polly ... \" \"Oh, I'll be careful. Now let me try. Say --I'll give you the core of my apple.\" \"Well, here --No, Ben, now don't. I'm afraid ...\" \"I'll give you all of it.\" Tom gave up the brush with unwillingness on his face, but joy in his heart. And while Ben worked at the fence in the hot sun, Tom sat under a tree, eating the apple, and planning how to get more help. There were enough boys. Each one came to laugh, but remained to whitewash. By the time Ben was tired, Tom sold the next chance to Billy for a kite; and when Billy was tired, Johnny bought in for a dead rat --and so on, hour after hour. And when the middle of the afternoon came, Tom had won many treasures. And he had not worked. He had had a nice idle time all the time, with plenty of company -and the fence had been whitewashed three times. If he hadn't run out of whitewash, Tom would have owned everything belonging to his friends. He had discovered a great law of human action, namely, that in order to make a man or a boy want a thing, it is only necessary to make the thing difficult to get. \n Answer: 4",
            "output": [
                "How many characters are mentioned in this story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5dcbc661a38c40699000f3a8a710bf38",
            "input": "Article: Cole Bettles had been rejected by a number of universities when he received an e-mail from the University of California, San Diego, last month, congratulating him on his admission and inviting him to tour the campus. His mother booked a hotel in San Diego, and the 18-year-old Ojai high school senior arranged for his grandfather, uncle and other family members to meet them at the campus for lunch during the Saturday tour. \"They were like 'Oh my God, that's so awesome  ', \" Bettles said. Right before he got in bed, he checked his e-mail one last time and found another message saying the school had made a mistake and his application had been denied. In fact, all 28, 000 students turned away from UC San Diego, in one of the toughest college entrance seasons on record, had received the same incorrect message. The students' hopes had been raised and then dashed   in a cruel twist that shows the danger of instant communications in the Internet age. UCSD admissions director Mae Brown called it an \"administrative error\" but refused to say who had made the mistake, or if those responsible would be disciplined  .  The e-mail, which began, \"We're thrilled that you've been admitted to UC San Diego, and we're showcasing   our beautiful campus on Admit Day, \" was sent to the full 46, 000 students who had applied, instead of just the 18, 000 who got in, Brown said. The error was discovered almost immediately by her staff, who sent an apology within hours. \"It was really thrilling for a few hours; now he's crushed  , \" said Cole's mother, Tracy Bettles. \"It's really tough on them.\" The admissions director said she was in the office on Monday until midnight answering e-mails and phone calls from disappointed students and their parents. She said she took full responsibility for the error. \"We accessed the wrong database. We recognize the incredible pain receiving this false encouragement caused. It was not our intent.\" \n Answer: 18",
            "output": [
                "How many students received an admission e-mail from the University of California, San Diego (UCSD)?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57b07d0cbd214d3d88f6c84a23290ff4",
            "input": "Article: Be Healthy! Be Slim! Be Beautiful! Discover the secret for a Healthy, Slim, Beautiful You! Discover how to be Healthy, Slim and Beautiful! I love this healthy diet program because it helps you lose weight, lose inches, feel healthy and look beautiful. This healthy diet is an 8-week program which is unlike other diet regimes because it focuses on proper nutritional first and weight loss second. Your body must have proper levels of minerals, vitamins, and protein in order to work well. It provides a simply lifestyle change to give you more energy and improve your health most greatly. It offers control over stomach and continuing hunger with a calorie dense diet allowing 1,700 to 2,000 calories a day. If a person has a weight problem their body probably is not working at proper levels of basic nutrients. We invite you to follow this program so you can be the slim person who lives inside you. You too, can love dieting, especially if you are losing weight and losing inches! Do you want to feel better? To get started being slim, just Click Here. \n Answer: A healthy diet program.",
            "output": [
                "What is this passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2fe40933373346bfa990923f46b8d39d",
            "input": "Article: \"It was cool,because I got a chance to be in a studio and see how a record is made,\"says 14-year-old Javon Martin,who joined the music clubhouse 3 years ago.\"It has impacted my life in a big way. People are actually starting to see me as an artist.\"Ten-year-old Akheylah Hunter didn't play an instrument when she became a club member last year. Now,she plays piano and sings with the band. What she likes best,she says,is performing.\"We performed in different places,\"she says.\"We go on trips and it is fun.\" Since the Music Clubhouse opened three years ago,it's served almost 500 kids.Aggeler says performing in front of different audiences helps the young musicians build self-esteem.Coming to the club to prepare for those performances helps them learn how to deal with their personal problems and concerns. \"I can see what it does for them and it just develops confidence,\"he explains.\"It's also an escape from the big problems we have in the neighborhood. So whether they feel embarrassed about a zit on their face,or they feel embarrassed because they're not as tall as somebody,they can rap about it and let it out a little bit.\" To expand the club and help more kids learn music,Aggeler sought the support of the community. The Berklee College of Music and local music stores have provided free equipment. The club has also gotten support from the Music and Youth Initiative,a nonprofit that develops after school music education programs in underserved communities in Massachusetts. All these have made it possible to provide kids who may not have the means to get private music lessons the opportunity to still learn music and get all the benefits that music education brings.\" \n Answer: Learning to get help from nonprofit groups.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a benefit of joining the club?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69932ca31fc54b1b8964fe2011c939f8",
            "input": "Article: More than 4 in 10 cancers -- 600,000 in the UK alone -- could be prevented if people led healthier lives, say experts. The population of the UK is about 63,000,000. Latest figures from Cancer Research UK show smoking is the biggest avoidable risk factor  , followed by unhealthy diets. The charity advises people to live healthily, limit alcohol intake and do regular exercise. According to the figures from 2007 to 2011, more than 300,000 cases of cancer recorded were linked to smoking. A further 145,000 were linked to unhealthy diets containing too much processed food. Obesity contributed to 88,000 cases and alcohol to 62,200. Sun damage to the skin and physical inactivity were also contributing factors. Professor Max Parkin, a Cancer Research UK statistician, says, \"There's now little doubt that certain lifestyle choices can have a big influence on cancer risk, with research around the world all pointing to the same key risk factors.\" \"Of course everyone wants to enjoy some extra treats during the Christmas holidays so we don't want to ban beef pies and wine but it's a good time to think about taking up some healthy habits.\" \"Leading a healthy lifestyle can't guarantee someone won't get cancer but _ by taking positive steps.\" Public Health England says a healthy lifestyle can play an important role in reducing cancer risk. It says campaigns such as Smokefree, Dry January and Change4Life Sugar Swaps all aim to raise public awareness. It's important that we not only continue to make progress in noticing cancer earlier and improving treatments, but helping people understand how they can reduce their risk of developing cancer in the first place remains important in dealing with cancer. \n Answer: Obesity.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the third biggest avoidable cancer factor?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d6d7f64f8ced47c0a6357ce13f42c755",
            "input": "Article: The owner of an Alabama Chinese restaurant named \"Good Friend\" shot at a customer who complained about a fly in her eggroll Thursday night. The bullet narrowly missed 20-year-old Birmingham resident Jatari Walker who told the Daily News she is scarred by the entire experience. \"I can't sleep,\" she said Saturday afternoon. \"And since it happened I've had no appetite.\" Walker ordered a combination platter and eggroll from the Good Friend Chinese and Seafood Restaurant on Dennison Ave. Thursday evening. After paying her $7 bill she went back to her car and discovered a fly inside. \"I thought I need to take this back,\" she said. The customer went back and asked for a repayment and said the owner Chun HinChing, 52, was unhappy with her because she announced her discovery in front of other customers. After an argument he repaid the money and Walker -- who is now a former frequent customer of the business -- turned and walked to the exit. That's when Ching drew a handgun and fired a single shot over her head. \"He just shot the gun at me and I ran,\" she said, adding she could feel the bullet whiz past her head. Birmingham Police Department spokesman Lt. Sean Edwards told the News the owner was charged with attempted murder and was transported to Jefferson County Jail on $100,000 bail . Police believe Ching intended to hit Walker with the bullet and missed, Edwards said. The bullet hit the top of the door frame of the take-out business. Ching did not tell police why he fired at Walker, Edwards said. Edwards said he did not recall any previous problems at the business. He said Ching did not say why he had a weapon but added it was not uncommon for stores in that neighborhood. \"No one was injured from the gunshot\", Edwards said. Calls placed to the restaurant Saturday afternoon were not answered. \n Answer: A young woman narrowly escaped being killed by a bullet.",
            "output": [
                "What happened on Thursday night in Good Friend Chinese and Seafood Restaurant?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8bf31f3743e944c6b6c7e4c36fc9156f",
            "input": "Article: In 1969 I was a young girl working in Toronto. I was from a small town in Ontario and had just moved to the big city about three months earlier. It was one week before Christmas and I was going home on the last streetcar of the evening.     I remember looking at my paycheque  and asking myself how it was going to endure. At that time in my life I hardly had enough money to exist on. Bread for supper and oatmeal for breakfast was the only way I kept hunger at bay.    I got off the streetcar and started walking up the street, when I suddenly noticed a man was running after me. I stopped, turned around, seeing that he was black. I  _ , \"What do you want?\" The man answered in a soft voice, \"I am returning your wallet. You left it on the streetcar seat.\"    Because of that man's thoughtfulness, I was allowed the comfort of going home by bus for the summer holidays. Otherwise, I would have stayed alone in my small room with a hog plate.     I have never been so ashamed of myself, and that poor, kind man had to walk, who knows how far, home.     I recognized immediately that this was wrong of me and it changed my ways forever. \n Answer: To return her wallet.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the black man running after the writer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7d70a282df1a4d31a3fe3e5fa17175df",
            "input": "Article: Unemployment in Europe has recently hit record highs. Although Denmark has been protected from economic problems thanks to its low public debt, qualified   professionals are still finding it tough to get a job. Danish marketing firm Reputation Copenhagen has come up with a way of helping academics get noticed -- putting them on display   in storefront windows. Many highly-trained professionals, ranging from former CEOs to lawyers and tax experts, are currently finding it increasingly difficult to find proper employment on the Danish job market. Some of them have been trying for years, leaving their resumes   with dozens of companies, without ever hearing back from them, and are now at a point where they are willing to try anything, even putting themselves in display windows like goods, hoping to get noticed. Alexander Peitersen, managing director of Reputation Copenhagen, came up with the idea of using his company's office as a storefront for the campaign  , as there are many businesses nearby that might be interested in the talents on display. So he set up a small desk, put up the \"an available academic is sitting here\" sign and asked the unemployed to just sit in the windows like goods. It seems like a pretty desperate measure, but at least it works. According to the agency's website, three of the jobseekers in their window display got a job in a day or two. Peitersen says he came up with the idea after realizing human resource managers get hundreds of job applications every day, which look more or less the same, and that creative thinking is required in order to increase the chances of finding employment. Apart from companies interested in qualified job-seekers, the campaign has also attracted the attention of both local and international media. \n Answer: Creative.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words can be used to describe Peitersen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5fd273a6c2094087b34ec781c36b3a40",
            "input": "Article: More than two thirds of the world's polar bears will be wiped out by 2050,according to a shocking new study. By then,scientists say,global warming will have melted 42 percent of the Arctic sea ice. By 2100,only a very few of these important creatures will be left. The report has been produced by the US Geological Survey. The scientists have publicized their findings in the hope of influencing US Interior Secretary Dirk Kempthorne,who has been asked to put polar bears on the US endangered species list. Polar bears depend on floating sea ice as a platform for hunting seals,which are their main food. Without enough ice,polar bears would be forced to go onto the land,where they are poorly skilled hunters,and would be unlikely to adapt to the life on the land in time. Experts say few little bears would survive and the stress could make many females unable to get pregnant. The team of American and Canadian scientists spent six months studying bears,on the ground,from spotter planes and in the lab,using computer models. Some team members fear the result is even worse for the bears than what their report says. They say the Arctic is warming faster than anywhere in the world and much faster than their computer had been forecasting. Satellite observations have showed that the ice has decreased to an all-time low. However,not everyone in the scientific community believes that global warming is happening on such an alarming scale. Another investigation has found that polar bears are still being hunted by wealthy \"sportsmen\" who want their skins and heads. At least ten international companies offer bear-hunting trips. \n Answer: He offered to put polar bears on the endangered species list.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Dirk Kempthorne according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8820eb3921b04dda989d0b3791b64f82",
            "input": "Article: You may have heard of the book Moby Dick(<<>> ), written by the American author Herman Melville. You may also know that Moby Dick is considered one of the greatest novels ever written. However, it might surprise you to find out Herman Melville was not always a highly regarded author. Melville's first two novels, Typee and Omoo, were widely read and financially successfully. They were both exciting tales of adventures at sea and experiences with people in foreign lands. Melville became quite famous. However, upon the publication of his third book, Mardi, Melville's popularity began to weaken. He was no longer interested in telling tales of pure adventure, and his writing took on a style that alienated  the general reading public of his time. Melville published Moby Dick in October of 1851. it was an original novel, combining aspects of sociology and philosophy, which confused readers by its complex symbolism. The book sold poorly. Melville's next book, Pierre, was almost completely disregarded by the public. Debt frustration and ill health finally forced Melville to take a low-paying job as a customs inspector. Eventually, Melville abandoned prose  and began to write poetry. The Civil War is the main subject of Melville's poetry. He and his brother made a trip to the front line, and he published a book of poems, Battle-Pieces and Aspects of War, based on this experience. Melville died in 1891 at the age of 72. at this point, his work had been completely forgotten by the public. His talent was to go unrecognized for the next thirty years. Then, in 1920s, his reputation began to improve as critics and readers rediscovered his work. Today Moby Dick is one of the best-known novels ever penned by an American author. \n Answer: Adventurous voyages and foreign experiences.",
            "output": [
                "What were Melville's first two novels mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9c4f0bc3d64c495eb9a27a8d9b16cebd",
            "input": "Article: During a state of deep relaxation, several physiological changes take place in the body: the body's oxygen consumption is reduced; the heart beat decreases; muscle tension and sweating ease, and there is decreased sympathetic   nervous system activity.This restful state not only allows the body to repair and restore itself, but it has a calming effect on the consciousness. How to achieve this state of relaxation, however, is a matter of opinion, and in some medical circles, a matter of controversy.A recent report by Dr.David Holmes of the University of Kansas in the journal \"American psychologist\" said that simply sitting in an armchair has just as many beneficial characteristics for the body as meditation   does.Researchers of other relaxation techniques disagree.These experts believe that more structured techniques, such as meditation, lead to a condition of deep relaxation. The debate goes on, but one thing appears to be clear: the relaxation response can be reached by a number of methods, and the methods themselves are not as important as _ .One day, one method may work best; on another day, an alternative method may be more appropriate.Once you are aware of all the methods, you can find the one that works best on you. Some of the relaxation techniques are meditation, auto analysis and progressive muscle relaxation response.More than just sitting quietly in a chair, they have the added benefit of structure and discipline, and for these reasons appear to be more effective for most individuals. \n Answer: The consciousness becomes more or less calmed.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true when a person is in a state of deep relaxation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b4f8505a0e2f43ceaa57d0731ce5bee6",
            "input": "Article: Most people consider skydiving   a product of the 20th century, but its history actually goes further back than that. The Chinese attempted to parachute   in the 10th century, a thousand years before we did. The Chinese did what we would today call base diving; that is, they jumped off a place that would allow them to float from a height to the ground. The first person to attempt to parachute was a Frenchman named Jacques Garnerin. He jumped from his hot-air balloon at the end of the 18th century and did tricks on the way down and _ the crowds by landing safely on the ground. At the end of the 19th century, Kathie Paulus, a brave German woman, became famous for her skydiving skills. Once the airplane was invented, skydiving took on a whole new form. The airplane made it possible to dive from greater heights at greater speeds, allowing for more range in the movements in the air. A woman named Tiny Broadwick became the first woman to jump from a plane in 1913 and dive free fall in 1914. Skydiving was not called skydiving until the middle of the 1950s, when Ronald Young invented the word. It had been called parachuting before this and was mainly used by the military   to land troops in inland locations, or for pilots to jump out of their planes when necessary. Once World War I was over, parachuting became a sport, which we now call skydiving. After World War II, this activity became more a hobby than a military action. Soldiers were trained in parachuting and enjoyed the thrill so much that they continued on for fun. From this, teams and competitions were formed. Skydiving schools appeared in the late 1950s and now it is a recognized extreme sport enjoyed by many. \n Answer: Ronald Young.",
            "output": [
                "Who was the first woman to jump from a plane?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa40e577e5a3443e9f74fc42b542d24f",
            "input": "Article: Wang Lu, 24, one of many students studying abroad who'll come home for work, majors in business & management studies at Edinburgh's Napier University. She had planned what to do after graduation in the UK: two years' work experience at a restaurant and a tour around Europe. But now her plans are up in the air.          Following the UK Home Secretary's meeting on reform of the student immigration system, the UK government recently announced the end of the post-study work visa from April 2012. This will force tens of thousands of Chinese students to leave the UK after graduation.          Sadly, the domestic job market doesn't welcome them with open arms. A report by Tigtag.com at the end of 2011 showed that over 35 percent of students admitted that they have employment problems.          \"Returning students often have fluent English, creative minds and a serious attitude toward work,\" said Zhang Tingwen, an HR expert in ChinaHR.com. \"But lack of work experience is a big problem.\" Xia Lei, an HR manager, responded to Zhang. \"We need people who can work for us. We don't need people from big name universities to attract customers\".          Difference in work practices is another problem that worries employers, Zhang pointed out. \"Some returning students might be used to Western ways of dealing with people and things.\"          Huang Shanshan, 25, got a job in a communication company in Shenzhen.   \"I once worked part-time in UK. My colleagues ate snacks when they felt hungry, even during working time or in meetings.\" Huang brought some cakes to the office and ate them. When her manager saw that, he told her not to eat at workplace. \"It took me some time to adjust to company rules in China,\" said Huang. \n Answer: Because post-study work visa will come to an end.",
            "output": [
                "Why is Wang Lu forced to leave the UK after graduation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f87663bd20e4ee9b6e5196578d388ca",
            "input": "Article: Throughout life,change is the only thing that seems constant.Change has come to my 1ife many ways,in myself,and in my surroundings.At the same time,some things stay the same.This is when traditions are formed.I am often reminded of this by the photograph that sits by my bed. It all began with a kiss on my very first day of school.I remember dancing around the mirror,watching as my dark blue dress created a teacup around my waist.I admired the little ruffle of my shirt collar and how it matched perfectly with the trim at the bottom of my dress.I knew I would be the envy of all my classmates.     But somehow,something was missing.I reached under my bed for the large box of bows ,in every color1 imaginable,that I was famous for.I picked out a white one that would match my shirt and carefully ran to my mom.She fastened the finishing touch to my short brown hair and I was ready for my very first day of school.     After admiring myself in the mirror,I heard my mom yell,\"picture time!\" I dashed downstairs where my mum led to the spot.I  ly loved getting my picture taken. After several individual shots and some with my older sister,Katherine,my dad came for a picture with us together.As I climbed onto my dad's lap,he wrapped his arms around Katherine and me and we both leaned in to kiss him on the cheek.At that moment,mum snapped the shot and our tradition began. From them on,every year when the first day of school rolled around,we continued our tradition of pictures in the yard.The picture grew with my family;when my two younger sisters began school,our tradition expanded from 15 minutes to 45.The mass chaos was directed by my mom when my dad was already off to work or away on a business trip. \n Answer: Taking family pictures on a child's first day of school.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's family tradition?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a280f45e32948d8b4e21076adad39d1",
            "input": "Article: Thousands of people living in the Chinese capital will celebrate the start of the Chinese New year by heading for the ski resorts  . Never mind that Beijing's dry weather seldom produces snow. It is cold enough in winter for snow-making machines to make a covering for the hills north to the capital. And the rapid growth of a pleasure-seeking middle class has formed the basis for this new craze . Since Beijing's first ski resort was opened ten years ago, the sport has enjoyed astonishing increase. There are now more than a dozen resorts. Clothes markets in the city have added bright colored ski suits to their winter collections. Mr. Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in  Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe. In recent years, ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China. But many are in faraway areas of the country and can't really match the equipment and services of some ski resorts in Europe. Beijing's skiing craze is partly a result of the recent increase in private   cars. This has led to the growth of a _ in the capital's suburbs  , which until the late-1990s were unreachable to ordinary people. According to Mr. Wei, about 40% of the visitors to his resort come in their own cars. The rest are bused in by schools, businesses or government offices. The problem is making money. Starting ski resorts requires quite a lot of money; hiring land from the local government, preparing the hills, buying snow machines, making sure there are enough water and electricity to run them, and buying ski equipment for hiring out to customers. The ski resort where Mr. Wei works cost nearly $4 million to set up. And as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea, many others rush in and price wars break out. Beijing now offers some of the cheapest ski training classes in the world, though with most people rather new to the sport, expecting a few more doing the same job. \n Answer: Skiing as a new way of enjoying one's spare time.",
            "output": [
                "What does this text mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7df446eedeee4eda98451ded32eebc58",
            "input": "Article: Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, having grown by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. Denmark's agriculture minister is herself an organic farmer. The UK market for organic food grew by 55 percent in 2000, while the food market as a whole grew by only one percent. Yet only seven percent of British shoppers account for nearly 60 percent of organic sales. However popular the idea of organic farming may be, it is still an interest for only a few people. So what makes the idea of organic farming popular? Organic farming means farming with natural materials, rather than with man-made fertilizers or pesticides . Organic farmers rely on many methods -- such as crop rotation   and the use of resistant varieties, because they are necessary for organic farmers to _ the shortage of man-made chemicals. Organic farming is often supposed to be safer than traditional farming for the environment. Yet after a long research on organic farming worldwide for a number of years, science continues to be against this opinion. The House of Commons committee on agriculture stated that, even with complete research work, it would fail to find any scientific evidence to prove \"that any of claims made for organic farming is always true\". However, the talk about the benefits of organic farming is going on. This is partly because many people depend on their individual farm, the soil, the weather, and so on. \n Answer: It refers to farming with natural materials, instead of chemical fertilizers.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about organic farming?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-33e19afceb9c4de998075357a30a2978",
            "input": "Article: Who we are Shanghai Super Star provides combination service including translation and tourism and sourcing, focusing on interpreting and translation. Our professional team offer highly professional business interpreters, assistants, companions and exhibition translators and sourcing for a variety of business requirements as well as tour guides to first-time tourists coming to China. Why choose us ^ Our professional and experienced business interpreters/translators have more than 5 years' experience and also have professional education background like business, foreign trade, management etc. ^ Our knowledgeable and enthusiastic private tour guides are always ready to help design your unique trip. ^ Our reliable interpreters have solid experience in different industries. So we will be your great choices when you need interpreters for trade shows, trade fairs, exhibitions or you need business assistants for your business trip like supplier meetings, factory visiting, project negotiation etc. ^ We are always ready to help you go through the language barrier and cultural understanding, and stand by your side and consider everything in your position. ^ When you have finished your business trip, you still have professional Chinese team to support you for goods inspection, shipping arrangement or other service you need. ^ We provide one-stop service for personal holidays or business trips within Great China&Hong Kong Area. From our customers I had the pleasure of working with Susan on multiple trips to Shanghai. Susan is very professional and likes her job. Having Susan as our translator made the trip enjoyable. I look forward to working with Susan on our next trip. --Gary Lennox (USA) In every respect, Susan did an excellent job as our interpreter. She was always friendly and professional, so everyone felt comfortable working with her. And she had no problem communicating clearly about technical subjects and sensitive business issues. I recommend Susan to any companies doing business in Shanghai and nearby cities. --Joe Abelson (USA) \n Answer: Its interpreters and translators are all English majors.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following descriptions about Shanghai Super Star is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f10142c8dd040179d1bbd7464c204d3",
            "input": "Article: With five breakout   games, Jeremy Lin has become the NBA's newest star. In the New York Knicks' 92-85 won over the Los Angles Lakers last Saturday, Lin had a career-high 38 points.A day later, he led the Knicks to their fifth victory, 100-98 to Minnesota Timberwolves.In his previous games, Lin, 23, had 23 points against the Washington, 25 points against New Jersey and 28 against Utah in his first start. Lin is smart.Before graduating from high school in California, he had sent his application to all the Ivy League Schools  .He only got into Harvard and Brown, and he chose Harvard.In 2010, Lin graduated with a degree in economics. Lin is the first Chinese-American player in the NBA.He was born in the US and his family is Asian.Although not born in China, Lin has attracted nearly all Yao Ming's old fans, who see him as a powerful role model. He started off on the Golden State Warriors.Lin first signed with the Warriors in July, 2010, but seldom played in games before the start of the fourth quarter.His first time on the court for the Warriors earned him seven points, three rebounds   and two assists in just 11 minutes. He is really perfect for the Knicks.The New York Knicks has been in need of a reliable point guard and to Mike D'Antoni, the Knicks coach who's going through a difficult season, Lin is a most unexpected figure.\"Lin just does everything easy and the rest of the guys around him are playing the way we want to,\" D'Antoni said.\"I think it's for real, and it can only get better.\" \n Answer: The Golden State Warriors.",
            "output": [
                "In which team did Lin start his career in NBA?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0818a5fe2577436285f38fb5cab2d245",
            "input": "Article: Alaska's Arctic lakes now freeze later and melt earlier in the year than in 1950,leaving them easy to suffer water loss from evaporation and possibly adding to local warming,a new study finds.The winter ice season near Barrow,Alaska,is shorter than in 1950,researchers reported Jan.30 in the journal The Cryosphere. Lake ice is also thinner each winter.The scientists surveyed 402 lakes on the North Slope,where permafrost (permanently frozen ground)and shallow lakes dominate the areA. In 2011,the lake ice was 38 percent thinner than in 1950,and 22 percent fewer lakes froze through to their bottoms. \"When we saw the actual numbers we were shocked at how dramatic the change has been,\"lead study author Cristina Surdu,of the University of Waterloo in Canada,said in a statement.Surdu and her co-authors analyzed the changes in lake--ice thickness and ice cover with satellite images and climate model simulations(satellite images are only available from 1991). The climate models suggest the Arctic lakes froze almost six days later and broke up about 18 days earlier in the winter of 2011 compared with the winter of 1950.\"The changes in ice and the shortened winter affect Northern communities that depend on ice roads to transport goods,\"Surdu saiD. For example,every winter,oil companies build roads over frozen lakes to carry supplies to Prudhoe Bay. \"The dramatic changes in lake ice may also contribute to further warming of the entire region,because open water on lakes contributes to warmer air temperatures,\"Surdu saiD. The Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet,for reasons that may include its layered atmosphere,which traps heat,and the loss of sea ice and snow cover,which help reflect the sun's energy when present. \n Answer: Arctic lakes hold more flesh water than before.",
            "output": [
                "What does the text mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c8ae259a4d594221b1e35bb88c076c6f",
            "input": "Article: Science Daily (Apr. 27, 2008)-- Dutch ecologist Roxina Soler and her colleagues have discovered that subterranean   and aboveground herbivorous   insects can communicate with each other by using plants as telephones.  Subterranean insects issue chemical warning signals through the leaves of the plant. This way, aboveground insects are warned that the plant is already \"occupied\".      Aboveground, leaf-eating insects prefer plants that have not yet been occupied by subterranean root-eating insects. Subterranean insects send out chemical signals through the leaves of the plant, which warn the aboveground insects about their presence. This messaging makes it possible for spatially-separated insects to avoid each other, so that they do not compete for, the same plant.      In recent years it has been discovered that different types of aboveground insects develop slowly if they feed on plants that also have subterranean insects and 'vice versa  . It seems that a mechanism   has developed through natural selection,  which helps the subterranean and aboveground insects to communicate with each other. This avoids unnecessary competition.       Through the \"green telephone lines\", subterranean insects can also communicate with     _ , namely the natural enemy of caterpillars  . Parasitic wasps   lay their eggs inside aboveground insects. The wasps also benefit from the signals sent by the leaves, as these help them find more insects for their eggs.      The communication between subterranean and above- ground insects has only been studied in a few systems. It is still not clear how widespread this phenomenon is, say the researchers. \n Answer: By sending signals through the leaves.",
            "output": [
                "How do subterranean and aboveground insects communicate with each other?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7585ea9e6e7e4f3f82932edbfc13b359",
            "input": "Article: Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they're always getting criticism. Their critics seem to resent(...) them because they have a gift for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. 'It's unjust,' they say, 'that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don't they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it's the consumer who pays...' The poor old consumer! He'd have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn't create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods comes largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement. Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws  while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a dull wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration  of disasters. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not survive without this source of revenue . The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! Another thing we mustn't forget is the 'small ads.' which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine.  What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the 'hatch(giving birth), match and dispatch' column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or 'agony' column . No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It's the best advertisement for advertising there is! \n Answer: The costs of advertisements.",
            "output": [
                "What is main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-662f0daa25c04f9782c54140ab01b71b",
            "input": "Article: As the Internet's influence grows, the potential for danger also escalates  . One of these dangers is from cyber-bullying. Cyber-bullying   is repeatedly hurting someone else through the use of technology. It consists of sending or posting cruel messages, photos, or videos on the Internet or other electronic media with the intent of damaging the reputation of the target. Imagine being a 13-year-old girl discovering a cell phone picture of her changing clothes for gym class has been sent to all her classmates. Or imagine being an 11-year-old boy who is scared to go to school because an unknown bully sent him an instant message saying that he is so fat that he should kill himself. Cases such as these are happening every day, leading kids to be depressed and unable to concentrate. Worse yet, parents are oblivious   to what is happening. Only 15 percent of parents even know what cyber-bullying is. And anyone who thinks that their child is not a victim or a bully is probably wrong. 90 percent of middle school students have had their feelings hurt online and 75 percent have admitted to visiting a website attacking another student. Unlike traditional schoolyard bullying, where a bully has a name and a face, cyber-bullying gets much of its power from anonymity  . A cyber bully might design a website posting cruel remarks about a classmate and never tell anyone that he or she was the creator. The cyber-bullying also gets its power from the scope   of its audience. Within seconds, a cyber bully can send an e-mail to everyone he or she knows, inviting them to take part in an online poll   of who is the ugliest kid in their class. Victims can be picked on day and night from any place. The good news is that you can help stop cyber-bullying. By making parents and educators aware of what is going on and encouraging them to take quick and strong action when cyber-bullying cases happen, you can help make technology constructive, not destructive, for young people. \n Answer: It can be stopped through our efforts.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think of the cyber-bullying?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a8102d8afc2b4bc6b80b2bf0053e29e3",
            "input": "Article: A weather system known as a polar vortex brought dangerously cold weather to large parts of the United States this week. A polar vortex is a cold, thick low pressure system. The air turns counter-clockwise when on the move. The polar vortex started up in Canada. After crossing the border, it moved deep into the southeastern United States. The polar vortex brought the coldest temperatures in more than 20 years to many areas. Alice Jenkins lives in Washington D.C. \"I have a coat on. I have three sweaters. I have two blouses. But I don't feel like I have anything on.\" Another woman, named Amanda, lives nearby in Maryland. \"It's D.C. It's not supposed to be this cold.\" The extreme weather started with a low-pressure system near the North Pole. The Arctic air was pushed as far south as Alabama on wind currents known as the jet stream. The bitter cold covered much of the central United States, forcing schools, government offices and businesses to  close. But the polar vortex did not have the same effect everywhere. Interestingly enough, it is warmer in Alaska and also somewhat warmer over Greenland because when you exhaust cold air in the North Pole and the Arctic region, when it's forced southward, it can't all stay there. Basically it's rushing towards us in the United States.\" Camden Walker, a weather expert, says the weather system moved away quickly from places like Washington. But the cold air and high winds were staying longer in the middle of the country. Temperatures of minus 10 degrees Celsius or lower were reported in Washington, New York, Boston and Philadelphia. In fact, temperatures in all or parts of the 50 states were below freezing at some point on Tuesday. Even in Hawaii, it was minus six degrees at the top of the state's highest mountain.  The effect of the polar vortex was extensive. Airline companies cancelled more than 11,000 flights over a four day period. The cold weather also interfered with train service. In the south, the Tennessee Valley Authority said it set a single day record for electricity as homeowners struggled to stay warm. But there was more to the picture. \n Answer: All the places it swept across became extremely cold.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about the polar vortex is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c1c3517907694d558d5f42a829c3a4d2",
            "input": "Article: For some people, the prospect of starting college, especially going away to school, is scary. It's probably the first time that you'll be totally responsible for your own schedule. What if you intend to go to college but just don't feel ready to start yet-for whatever reason-and you don't want to take on a full-time job after graduation? You might want to take a year off to pause and regroup. This practice is common in some countries, like the United Kingdom, where it's called a \" _ \". Taking time off doesn't mean you should ignore the idea of applying to college. In fact, you may want to consider making your college plans before you become involved in other things, especially if you'll be travelling. Apply to schools and make your choice, then ask for a deferred admission. Rachel took a year off and worked in New York City between college and medical school. She says that she had to be extremely well organized about planning for medical school so she didn't miss any of her deadlines. \"Not only did I have to apply to schools and make plans to take my MCAT exams, I also had to make all my living arrangements and other plans for my year off!\" Even if you decide not to apply to college, it can be a great idea to take a year to do something you may not have an opportunity to do again. Lots of volunteer organizations would welcome your time and energy and would provide you with a wonderful learning experience. If you take a year off you will learn some great life skills-like living on a tight budget! If you take a year off you'll pay your way while you are traveling or doing volunteer work. \n Answer: Taking Time Off",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d72b76413bd041c7b99126e5b1e8785b",
            "input": "Article: Hunters in Mississippi broke a state record for the heaviest alligator  ever killed, kicking off the hunting season with two big catches. Dustin Bockman of Wisconsin and two hunting friends caught the 727-pound 13-foot-long beast on Sunday, beating last year's record-setter by 26 pounds, according to the state's Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks. \"We're going to cook it for sure.\" he told Gulf Live. \"There's plenty for me and everybody else.\" He and his team of hunters followed the huge creature for 12 hours until they could get close enough to shoot him with a crossbow. \"He would go to the bottom and sit like a piece of wood. You could do anything with him,\" Bockman said. The hunters then had  to figure out how to drag the beast's dead body into their boat. It look four hours of pulling  at which point they rested on a sandbar  and called friends for help. First-time hunter Beth Trammell initially broke the record when she caught a 723-pound 13-foot gator with a team of six hunters, but Bockman stole her thunder hours later. She was shocked at her gator's size. \"It took about four hours to get it in the boat,\" she said. \"We had to ask another boat to help us out  it was so big.\" She said that she, too, was going to eat the beast and use it for decoration. \"I think my brother-in-law is going to get the head mounted.\" she said. Alligators nearly died out in Mississippi in the 1960s, but a conservation  helped the creature recover to the point that hunting is now legal. \n Answer: He fought the alligator for 12 hours.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about Dustin Bockman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f2572a61c5340458c1b84cdb64a0f34",
            "input": "Article: Pulling heavy suitcases all day in the summer is hard work, especially when you are a thin  14-year-old boy. That was me in 1940-the youngest and smallest baggage boy at New York City's Pennsylvania Railway Station. After just a few days on the job, I began noticing that the other fellows were overcharging  passengers. I'd like to join them, thinking, \"Everyone else is doing it.\" When I got home that night, I told my dad what I wanted to do. \"You give an honest day's   work,\" he said, looking at me straight in his eye. \"They are paying you. If they want to do that,   you let them do that.\" I followed my dad's advice for the rest of that summer and have lived by his words ever since. Of all the jobs I've had, it was my experience at Pennsylvania Railway Station that has stuck with me. Now I teach my players to have respect for other people and their possession. Being a member of a team is a totally shared experience. If one person steals, it destroys trust and hurts everyone. I can put up with many things, but not with people who steal. If one of my players were caught stealing, he'd be gone. Whether you're on a sports team, in an office or a member of a family. if you can't trust one another, there is going to be trouble. \n Answer: Many of them earned money in a dishonest way.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred about the baggage boys?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-affe245c608b45e1851f40121ff6aa12",
            "input": "Article: Almost everyone suffers from a headache sometimes.But some people suffer from repeated, frequent headaches. What is headache? What causes it? What can be done about a headache? What research is being done on headaches? The dictionary defines  headache simply as \"a pain in the head.\" What most people mean by headache is a pain which lasts several minutes or hours.It covers the whole head, or one side of it, or perhaps the front or the back of the head.To add to the confusion  about a definition, some people call tight feeling in the head a headache. A headache is important because it can be the first warning of a serious condition which probably could be controlled if discovered early.If a person removes the warning, day after day, with a pain-killer, he may pass the point of easy control. The professional name for covering up a symptom  is \"masking\"  .A headache specialist once said, \"Masking symptoms is not the best way of treatment.\" He compared taking a pain-killer for a headache before a cause is known with taking iron pills for anemia  while bleeding continues undiscovered.He added, \" _ \" A headache is important also because it affects normal, happy living.The employee with a headache does less work.In a flash of temper he may upset his fellow workers or customers, causing a direct or indirect loss to his organization.The mother with a headache suffers and disturbs the family.She upsets her husband and children. \n Answer: Headache is just the tight feeling in the head.",
            "output": [
                "Which is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-afc255ac01474aeb8ce013e7f4266a37",
            "input": "Article: Dr. Paul Kelly, head of Monkeseaton Community High School in North Tyneside, said it would mean the end of sleeping in lessons before lunch, after experiments showed teenagers could have different body clocks from adults and younger children. Russell Foster, an Oxford professor of neuroscience  , tested the memory of 200 Monkseaton pupils at 9 am and 2 pm using pairs of words, and discovered a 9% improvement in the afternoon. Students correctly identified 51% of word pairs in the latest session, compared with 42% in the morning. Tayler McCullough, 15, one of the test subjects, said the majority of students would welcome the extra hours in bed, \"I'm extremely hard to get up in the morning. One or two people like to get to school early, but most of us would be up for going in later. I'm sure it would make a big difference to our learning ability.\" Kelly is  _ that a change of school timetable will have a meaningful effect on exam performance. He wants his school's governors to approve his plan and put the new time-table in place before the opening of Monkseaton's new timetable in place before the opening of Monkseaton's new school building, the most technologically advanced in the country, in September. Kelly hopes his latest idea will be just as successful. \"We have to be practical. But this proves that, by starting later, children's learning improves, as does their health.\" Foster said, \"This is preliminary   data, but what's exciting is that it matches more detailed studies carried out in Canada and the US. Teenagers get up late not because they are lazy but because they are biologically programmed to do so.\" \n Answer: One",
            "output": [
                "How many professors are mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-78cf85f0d85a419fa75ba8064b11fb89",
            "input": "Article: Teen Dating can be fun if you are aware of its pros and cons and are also aware of the ways to protect yourself. There are a couple of suggestions you would like to know before you are out for dating. Do not go out for dating with somebody whom you have seen only a few times and does not know much about him or her. Before leaving on a date, know the exact plans for the evening and make sure a parent or friend knows these plans and what time to expect you home. Let your date know that you are expected to call or tell that person when you get in. Similarly, if you leave a party with someone you do not know well, make sure you tell another person you are leaving and with whom. Ask a friend to call and make sure you arrive home safely. No matter how good the person appears to you, trust your inner instincts . If a situation makes you uncomfortable, try to stay calm and think of a way to remove yourself from the situation without letting your date realize what is going on in your mind. Be aware of your decreased ability to react under the influence of alcohol or drugs and keep yourself in control when out for a date. Always stay firm, straightforward and clear in your relationships, thoughts, decisions and judgments. Never let a doubt come to your mind or face when out for dating. If you are firm and clear in your communication, your date will always be careful in dealing with you. You should think ahead about ways to be safe if you are in a dangerous or potentially dangerous relationship. Adults, like parents, teachers, counselors, can be trusted in such cases. \n Answer: Going out for dating with a stranger.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is forbidden when dating according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cba2bf5cff1e4b7287beedd6562602c6",
            "input": "Article: Every day is a gift, and if you look forward to spending each day with happiness, wake up every morning with a positive attitude and enjoy a beautiful day! Set up a daily plan for yourself and ensure that you reserve enough time for your homework. Also, don't forget to spare some time for play! Stop being lazy and start participating in your life instead of just watching it pass by. Try to do something fun and constructive every day. _ , write something interesting in your diary, try a new hobby, spend time with your friends, or just watch your favorite show on television, and you will see how every moment of your day unfolds. You'll achieve better results, and ultimately greater success. However, every day will not be the way you want it to be. Some days will be good, while some will be bad. You won't be always happy and smiling. You may come across many challenges. Don't forget to remind yourself to slow down and take care of yourself. In today's busy lifestyle, it is necessary to relax to bring balance and joy back into your life. So, take charge of your life. Enjoy and appreciate the small things around you. Do a good deed and make others happy. Sometimes, doing something as simple as having a cup of tea with an old friend or a family member, listening to a cheerful song, or just writing down all the things that make you happy could indeed turn your day around! Review and analyze your day before you retire at night. Reward yourself for completing the set goals and prepare the stage for the next day. This will impact your sleep and overall happiness levels. Plan for the next day, take a good rest, and wake up fresh the next morning! If you will you are doing the same things every day, step out of your comfort zone and set aside some time to do things you have never done before. Stretch your limits. Not only will it make a boring day exciting but it will also build your confidence. \n Answer: Students",
            "output": [
                "Who are the intended readers of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1d61c7461d0c4ecdba281973d65a88d0",
            "input": "Article: As the new semester begins, millions of college students across the country are trying hard to remember how best to write a paper or, more likely, how best to delay that paper. Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it. They can spend whole days in the library doing nothing but staring into space, eating snacks, surfing the Internet, watching videos and looking at other students sitting around them, who, most likely, are doing nothing either. Paralyzed   by their habit to procrastinate, they write micro blogs about their fears, asking their online friends if they sometimes have the same issue. But this does nothing to break the spell  . According to a recent report, 95 percent of us procrastinate at some point and 20 percent of the world's population are always procrastinating. The figures are disappointing. Procrastinators are less wealthy, less healthy and less happy than those who don't delay. Procrastinators like to find excuses to justify their behavior, but BBC columnist Rowan Pelling says they are all wrong. Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure. Pelling says this is nonsense, as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time. The behavior of procrastinators often makes them feel ashamed, inconveniences others and annoys loved ones. Pelling also points out that procrastination feels particularly delinquent  in a society that thinks of speedy action as admirable, and, at times, even as a moral good. Fortunately, social scientists have thrown their weight behind efforts to understand this behavioral mistake and offer strategies to control it. Piers Steel, a Canadian social scientist and author of The Procrastination Equation, believes human is \"designed\" to procrastinate. Nevertheless, he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand. \n Answer: Always wait to work until the \"good mood\" or \"good time\".",
            "output": [
                "Which behavior belongs to procrastination?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8124513e8f21461f95b627df84be3a53",
            "input": "Article: Bernie was smart and wanted to be his own boss.When Bernie was 25 he took a wife. Bernie had saved some money and decided on a dry goods and grocery store combined.               Marie had a knack for arranging the merchandise to appeal to customers and Bernie didn't mind the long hours. He was happy, and life was good.The business thrived until the great depression hit the entire country. No one had money to purchase pretty things or even food. In 1930, Marie had a heart attack and left Bernie alone.                Following Marie's death, which Bernie felt was brought about from worrying about the store, He lost interest in everything. He had few customers and did not make them feel welcome, Bernie wandered about the store , dusting a bit and sweeping the floor. His inventory remained almost the same, as nothing much was sold .A deep depressing set in. He had lost Marie , his true love , and now his business seemed lost as well, Why did he want to live ?               A few houses down the street lived a family who had also fallen on hard times. They seldom had three meals a day. Julie , the youngest girl, was fourteen . Julie worried about Mr. Mears' getting so thin. At meal time, she would take a portion of their meal to Bernie. She would stay and talk to him, dusting and cleaning .                After several months Bernie began to improve. He still had no customers to speak of, but from what he had left in the stor , he would sack a few cans to take to Julie's family.                In early spring, Julie saw her father planting a garden. This gave her an idea. She suggested Bernie making a garden in the big space beside the store, which they had once thought would become a parking lot , and sell the produce really cheap in the store. It would help the neighbors and also Bernie to have money for new merchandise. They would plant half the garden space now and half in three weeks giving them fresh produce for a long time .                Julie prayed hard as they placed the seeds in the ground. When the seeds sprouted, Julie looked anxiously at the rows and there were no empty spots. They all came up and produced the best crop of vegetables Bernie had ever seen. They soon became well-known in the community for having the best prices and finest produce in town . They also extended credit to their neighbors and accepted various items as trade for merchandise.               The two of them worked hard throughout the 1930s and made a very successful business. Julie earned a salary . As the economy picked up, so did sales at the store. \n Answer: Mears' Family Store",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of this passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c2db3b16dd004738b97fde60455e2f3d",
            "input": "Article: The college entrance exam is not only a big challenge   for Chinese high school students, but also a very important exam in the lives of South Korean students. Although the long, cold winter has already started in South Korea, the annual   national exams have made the atmosphere very heated. More than 675,000 South Korean high school graduates took the college entrance exam last Wednesday. They usually take exams in Korean, maths, sociology  , history and foreign languages. Officially there is one college place for every 1.33 students. But because all the students want to go to the top universities in the country, the competition can reach one place for 10 students. The students want to attend these colleges for both their famous names and better job opportunities. Because students face fierce competition, they have to study very hard to realize their dreams. Park Seung said he and his classmates often go to school before 7:30 a.m. After school has finished at 6:30 p.m., most of them go to the library to continue their study instead of returning home. Since many libraries in South Korea are open 24 hours a day, they often stay long into the night. Many of the Senior 3 students only sleep for three to four hours a day. \"I feel a lot of pressure, but I have to study very hard in order to make my dream come true. This is my lifetime goal and it will be a turning point in my life which could decide my future,\" Park said. The exam day is a very serious day for the whole of South Korea. Vehicles are not allowed within a 200-metre radius   of all the test sites to make sure the students have quiet surroundings. Tooting   of horns is forbidden, even airplanes are ordered to avoid landing and take-off near the test sites during listening comprehension test hours. Students are told their scores in December before they apply for college. This is followed by face-to-face oral tests. There are public and private universities in South Korea. Many private universities are well-known, but their fees can be 18, 000 yuan each term. This has made a lot of students think again. \n Answer: Airplanes are ordered to avoid landing and take-off during national exams.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about South Korean annual national exams?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2fb8b27274034c0183b6462e4d473a72",
            "input": "Article: D The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet   is heading towards the Earth . Most of it will miss our planet , but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth . On 17 July , a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth's atmosphere   with a massive explosion . About half of the piece is destroyed , but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound . The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed . Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole . The wall of water , a kilometer high , rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour . Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people re drowned . Before the waves reach South America , the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina . Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains . The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean . The cities of Los Angeles , San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes . Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north won't escape for long . Because of the explosions , the sun is hidden by clouds of dust , temperatures around the world fall to almost zero .Crops are ruined . The sun won't be seen again for many years . Wars break out as countries fight for food . A year later , no more than 10 million people remain alive . Could it really happen ? In fact , it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth . The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years . Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared . Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space . The dinosaurs couldn't live through the cold climate that followed and they died out . Will we meet the same end ? \n Answer: An event of imagination",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly described in the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2fb20cd1bde84c499ce00299b2324254",
            "input": "Article: One day while shopping in a small town in southern California,it was my misfortune to be approached by a clerk whose personality conflicted with mine. He seemed most unfriendly and not at all concerned about my intended purchase. I bought nothing,and marched angrily out of the store. My hostility  toward that clerk increased with each step. On the outside,standing by the road,was a darkskinned young man in his early twenties. His expressive brown eyes met and held mine,and in the next instant a beautiful, dazzling  smile covered his face. I gave way immediately. The magnetic  power of that smile dissolved  all bitterness within me,and I found the muscles in my own face happily responding . \"Beautiful day,isn't it?\"I remarked,in passing. Then,I turned back.\"I really owe you a debt of gratitude ,\"I said softly. His smile deepened, but he made no attempt to answer.A Mexican woman and two men were standing nearby.The woman stepped forward and volunteered, \"Sir, but he doesn't speak English.Do you want me to tell him something?\" In that moment I felt transformed .The young man's smile had made a big person of me.My friendliness and good will toward all mankind stood ten feet tall. \"Thank you?\" The woman seemed slightly puzzled. I gave her arm a friendly pat as I turned to leave.\"Just tell him that,\" I insisted.\"He'll understand.I am sure !\" Oh, what a smile can do! Although I have never seen that young man again, I shall never forget the lesson he taught me that morning.From that day on, I became smile-conscious, and I practice the art anywhere and everywhere, with everybody. \n Answer: The clerk treated him unkindly.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author leave the store angrily?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81bdeb1b606e427091754da22e48b5e7",
            "input": "Article: \"Wake up. Alicia is waiting for you outside,\" my mother called from the kitchen. My mother didn't like me going for this weekend to my friend's house in the mountains. \"I trust you, but I don't trust the people out there,\" she said seriously. \"I'm going to be fine,\" were my last words before closing the door of the Jeep. The vehicle went along the dusty road and my mother grew smaller in the distance. The trip over the rough road was uncomfortable. It was scary to climb the steep hills surrounded by great pines. After a long trip we finally arrived at the house. From the moment I got there I knew I would forever love the house. It was decorated like an old country home. My room was small, yet set up nicely. That night I went to sleep early, not because I didn't want to continue my search, but because I was tired after the long trip. In the morning, the singing of the birds woke me up. The light was just getting through the window. A strong smell of baking and fresh coffee came from the kitchen. I wandered around looking for a living soul, but the house was empty. I had the whole day to myself; my friend had gone hiking. I didn't want to go with her. The main reason for this trip was to spend some time alone to think about the events happening in my life. After an icy shower, my energies were at their fullest. With basket in hand, I started my hunt. I did not mind walking alone; it was a wonderful feeling to be in contact with nature for the first time. The sound of the water running through the rocks gave me great peace. I never felt such independence in my soul before. \n Answer: Rough but very exciting.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author find the trip to her friend's house?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc812f3ffb704c71a3632fd8d0de598b",
            "input": "Article: A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life. Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck , by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship. The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled  across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back. As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott's last journey, completed as be lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world's imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published. \n Answer: They recorded a disastrous adventure",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4bee8980d3d047fc8571cad1e02a845a",
            "input": "Article: Norway tops the list of countries that offers the best social policies for people over 60. Afghanistan is rated the worst. The rankings appear in the new Global Age Watch Index. Help Age International published the index of 96 countries that are home to 790-million people 60 and older. Chief Executive Officer Toby Porter said, \"For too long, older people have been excluded  from international and national development planning. We have a world which is ageing fast. And what the index does is to compare and rank countries from best to worst countries in the world to grow old,\" he said. The Global Age Watch Index rates countries in four categories. \"Health, income, what we call capability - ability to carry on contributing employment. And then the final one about enabling environment - what do older people think about the environment that they live in.\"   \"The focus on the report this year is on pensions - on retirement income that older men and women can expect.\" The index reports only one in four older people over 65 in low and middle income countries have any kind of retirement saving. Norway gets the highest ranking in the index. Rounding out the top 10 are Sweden, Switzerland, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Iceland, the United States, Japan and New Zealand. Afghanistan is at the bottom of the list following many years of conflict. There are 10 African countries on the index - all near the bottom. South Africa ranks the highest among them at 80. However, Porter said South Africa is doing some positive things. \"We've seen some very encouraging public statements from some senior politicians in South Africa that they recognize the contribution and the importance of supporting their older population. South Africa is one of the so-called BRICS nations - countries with strong emerging economies. Other members include Brazil, ranked 58 - Russia, ranked 65 - India, 69 and China, 48. Porter said, \"A lot of the impetus  behind China introducing pension provision for all of her older citizens was to provide an motivation for them to start using their purchasing power earlier in their lives in spending money rather than saving it for a pension.\" Help Age International recommended African nations begin providing pensions when people turn 60. However, if countries are poor, they might not be able to institute a pension system to every eligible  person at once. Another factor is Africa's youth population, which is much greater than most parts of the world. Therefore, governments are already hard pressed to provide education and jobs. \n Answer: Pension",
            "output": [
                "What is the focus on the report of this year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-832d549286fe4ad0a13ac4ae89220324",
            "input": "Article: The hardworking blacksmith  Jones used to work all day in his shop and so hard working was he that at times he would make the sparks fly from his hammer. The son of Mr. Smith, a rich neighbor, used to come to see the blacksmith everyday and for hours and hours he would enjoy himself watching how the blacksmith worked. \"Young man, why don't you try to learn to make shoe tacks , even if it is only to pass the time?\" said the blacksmith. \"Who knows, one day, it may be of use to you.\" The lazy boy began to see what he could do. But after a little practice he found that he was becoming very skilled and soon he was making some of the finest tacks. Old Mr. Smith died and the son because of the war lost all his goods. He had to leave home and settled down in another country. It so happened that in this village there were many shoemakers who were spending a lot of money to buy tacks for their shoes and even at times when they paid high prices they were not always able to get what they wanted, because in that part of the country there was a high demand for soldiers' shoes. Our young Mr. Smith, who was finding it difficult to earn his daily bread, remembered that he had learned how to make tacks and had the sudden idea of making a bargain with the shoemakers. He told them that he would make the tacks if they would help to get him settled in his workshop. The shoemakers were only too glad of the offer. And after a while, Mr. Smith found that he was soon making the finest tacks in the village. \"How funny it seems,\" he used to say, \"even making tacks can bring a fortune .\" \n Answer: Seeing is believing.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the young Mr. Smith's success?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bcc75844ce6d49138961737e3e083e01",
            "input": "Article: My heroes are the Singapore Women's Everest Team.In 2009,they became the first all-women team to climb Mount Everest.The team of six young women trained for seven years before they climbed the mountain.It was difficult for them to train because Singapore doesn't have any snow or any mountains.But they didn't stop,and in the end they made it.They Worked hard every day for their dream so I really admire them. ----Lance Reed, 16, from Britain My mum,Mary Evans,is a real hero.I have a very big family, with two brothers and three sisters.My mum works very hard every day to look after us, and she is very busy.She always makes time for everyone and she always listens to me if I have a problem.I really respect my mum because she always looks after my family and makes sure we have everything we need. ----Mark Sterling,l7,from America I admire the Salwen family from Atlanta,USA.In 2006, they made a very unusual choice.They decided to sell their house and give half of the money to charity .They moved into a smaller house and gave $800,000 to charities in Ghana. I really respect them because they gave their money to people in need. ----William Kloster, 17, from Canada I really admire Steve Jobs, the former CEO of Apple.He invented a new kind of technology.Apple technology is very intelligent .The products that he made are also really beautiful.Steve Jobs created a successful business in IT.I was very sad when he died in October 2011.I respect him because he changed the way people use technology all over the world. ----Richard Hale, 18,from Australia \n Answer: They never expected to make it.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the Singapore Women's Everest Team?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-88bfd1af99b64bf291d0d08962e46cac",
            "input": "Article: \"Hitler and the Germans,\" an exhibition in Berlin's German Historical Museum which aims to investigate the society that created Hitler, has seen more than 10,000 visitors walk through its doors since opening on Friday. Rudolf Trabold, a spokesman for the museum, said there were 4,000 visitors to the exhibition on the first day alone. People visiting the exhibition said they had waited as long as one and a half hours to get in. Ravi Nair, a 73-year-old Indian visitor, said: \"I had to queue for about an hour but it was worth it. The exhibition should help people in democratic countries realize that their vote is very valuable.\" Trabold said \"Hitler and the Germans\" was so popular because it was the first exhibition to explain how a man who lived on the margins of society for 30 years, in Vienna's men's hostels, could become an almost mythical leader of the German people. \"We are all affected by Hitler, so it speaks to all of us and helps Germans and foreigners to come to terms with the past.\" Inge Lonning, a 72-year-old tourist from Norway said: \"I thought the exhibition was very impressive. I wanted to see it because I experienced the German occupation of Norway as a small child, so it's not just history for me.\" But not everyone was convinced there was something new to be learned from the exhibition. \"So much has been done about this period over the years, it was like, I knew this and I knew that,\" said Canadian Julien Cayer, aged 28. \"I thought I'd find something new but I didn't.\" There has been widespread concern in the German media that the exhibition could become a magnet for neo-Nazi admirers of Hitler, but Trabold said that although there had been some right-wing extremist visitors, they had not caused any problems. \n Answer: \"Hitler and the Germans\" attracts plenty of people.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cb1b603477bb4120b35089525cfaa728",
            "input": "Article: People want action on noise, a recent public meeting in Brisbane showed.Some want technical improvements such as quieter air conditioners or better sound barriers around major roads.Others want tougher laws to restrict noise from building sites or to require owners to take responsibility for barking dogs.But the highest priority was a noise complaints system that works. Brisbane City Council receives more complaints about noise than all other problems put together.So it conducted a survey and found that about half its residents are upset by noise in one form or another -traffic, mowers, pool pumps, air conditioners or loud parties.This inspired the Council to bring together more than 100 citizens one evening to talk through a range of options. The meeting found the present regulatory system bizarre.Depending on the problem, responsibility for noise can lie with the Council, the Environment Protection Authority, one of three government departments or even the police.So complainants often feel they are getting the run-round.When the people at the forum were asked to vote for changes, the strongest response was for a 24-hour noise hotline to be the first part of call for all complaints. The forum also favored regulatory measures, such as tougher minimum standards for noise in appliances like air conditioners.This even makes economic sense, as noise is a waste of energy and money.Other measures the meeting supported were wider buffer   zones around noisy activities and controls to keep heavy traffic away from residential areas. But there are obvious conflicts.Many people like to have a bar within walking distance if they feel like a drink, but they don't want a noisy pub keeping them awake when they want an early night.Most people want to live near a major road providing good access to other parts of the city, but they don't' want the problem of road noise. I was most interested by the proposals aimed at behavioral change.There was strong support for measures to reduce traffic: better public transport, cycle ways and footpaths, even charges for road use.Many people optimistically thought industry awards for better equipment would stimulate the production of quieter appliances.It was even suggested that noise from building sites could be alleviated   if Brisbane adopted daylight saving, thus shifting the working day and providing longer, quieter evenings. \n Answer: Make stricter laws to require owners to take responsibility for barking dogs.",
            "output": [
                "According to the recent public meeting in Brisbane, what was the first step to take in order to reduce noise pollution?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d6073306a0ea4c77851707b2774a98e1",
            "input": "Article: MONTAGNE: In the summer of 2011, the world first heard of a small island in Norway under the most terrible of circumstances. Utoya Island was a youth camp run by Norway's Labor Party. One day in July, a heavily armed, right-wing extremist stepped onto the island and began shooting at random. Sixty-nine people died, over 100 were wounded; almost all, young people. This month, artist Jonas Dahlberg was appointed to create a memorial. He described to us the experience he imagines for those who come to the island. DAHLBERG: You start your walk through a forest of evergreens on a wooden pathway. After a while, this pathway starts to go down into the landscape. MONTAGNE: Down into the landscape, and into a short tunnel. When you come out, you are unable to go any farther. You can't get to the tip of the island because it has been cut off. So all you can do is look across a narrow channel of water at what is now a wall of polished stone, carved with the names of the dead. DAHLBERG: It becomes almost like a gravestone. You cannot reach it. It's close enough to be able to read, but it's forever lost for your possibility to reach. MONTAGNE: It's being called _ . Exactly what do you mean by that? DAHLBERG: During my first site visit, the experience of seeing those gunshots--and you can see it was like being in an open wound. And it took me to a stage of deep sadness where it was hard to breathe. So I didn't want to illustrate loss; I wanted to make actual loss. It's just a cut through the island. MONTAGNE: On the day of the massacre, just hours before launching his shooting on the island, the killer set off a bomb in downtown Oslo, leaving eight people dead. As those events were unfolding, artist Jonas Dahlberg had been out with his brother, and stopped in at a seaside village. DAHLBERG: In the harbor, it was silent, and this is the higher end of summer. So, it's normally a very lively place. And it was total silence there; and it was a very, very strange feeling in the whole small village. And it's totally impossible to grasp what is going on. And then it just kept on. It's still almost impossible to understand it. It's also one of the reasons why it's so important with memorials for these kind of things. It's to maybe help a little bit to understand what was happening. So it's not just about remembering. It's also about trying to just understand. MONTAGNE: Artist Jonas Dahlberg designed the memorial for the 69 who died at a youth camp on Utoya Island. The attack was the deadliest in Norway since World War II. That memorial will open in 2015. And to see a virtual version of what it will look like, go to our website, at npr.org. This is Renee Montagne at NPR news. \n Answer: Utoya Island used to be a youth camp site and now has been reduced to total silence.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-507ba66cd37a461db84cca2d9151c4c9",
            "input": "Article: Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse, according to the doctors. I feel there are a number of reasons for this. Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy, fatty foods, such as fried chicken and ice cream, at low prices. This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves. If there were fewer of these restaurants, then probably children would buy less take-away food. There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight. I agree with this, because good eating habits begin early in life, long before children start to visit fast food shops. If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food, or are always allowed to choose what they eat, they will go for sweet and salty foods every time, and this will carry on throughout their lives. There is a third reason for this situation. Children these days take very little exercise. They do not walk to school. When they get home, they sit in front of the television or their computers and play computer games. Not only is this an unhealthy pastime , it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports. The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as _ them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits. \n Answer: Those who often watch television.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, what kind of children may eat more unhealthy food?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af0f8ad09b7749deab85d7e3df3d1e39",
            "input": "Article: When Carlos Westez died at the age of 76, a language died, too. Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language, Catawba.www.ks5u.com Anyone who wants to hear various songs of the Catawba tribe   can get in touch with the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations. They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever. We are all aware of the damage that modern industry can do to the world's ecology. However, few people are aware of the effect that widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages, as well. As these languages become more powerful, their use as tools of business and culture increases. When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few people die out. Scholars believe there are about 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults, so like Catawba, Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. In the Americas,100 languages also are dying out. Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the threat of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue. However, he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carolina, where he learned the language. The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead. \n Answer: To deal with the threat of language death.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Westez record songs for the Smithsonian Institution?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1119e04062de49789df788325b5462b8",
            "input": "Article: Are you a creative person? Are you looking for a challenging and unique work environment? Picture yourself at CRIENGLISH.com Positions open to native English Speakers Only Video reporters/editors: 1. Video editing experience with an understanding of Final Cut Pro software. 2. Resourceful and creative when it comes to finding original stories. 3. A comfortable demeanor  in front of the camera. 4. Enjoy working with others in a team oriented environment. News presenters: 1. Journalistic and radio experience, good news-writing skills. 2. Able to work the night and early morning shifts. 3. Team spirit and flexibility. Biz News Reporter/Presenter: 1. Journalistic experience, particularly in the field of business news. 2. Good reading and presentation skills. 3. Able to work at irregular hours. Copyeditors: 1. Journalistic experience and good news-writing skills. 2. A good command of the English language. 3. Able to work at irregular hours. Music DJs: 1. Well versed  in music types like in pop, country, contemporary, etc, but not hard rock and heavy metal music. 2. Personal charm on the air. 3. Relevant experience. For job possibilities, please email your CV, demos and preferably photograph to job@cri.com.cn. The CV should include such information as your citizenship, age, academic degree, working experience, contact numbers and, if you are already in China, type of visa. Thanks. \n Answer: To attract some talents.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c264a48c35d4912bcc6f2b51aa0282c",
            "input": "Article: European Work Experience Program(E.W.E.P.)is an independent British organization which began in 1991 in the city of London.E.W.E.P.provides the opportunity for students from the 25 countries of the European Union and nationals from Norway,Iceland,Switzerland and Liechtenstein to live in England,to gain work experience,to practice their English and to get a better insight into the British social and eulturallife. To apply you must meet the following requirements: *Preferred age: 18 to 28 years old *Be able to work in the UK for a period of at least two months. *Must have a good knowledge of English. *Due to work permit restrictions,European Work Experience Program Ltd will only select you if you are a European Union Member or national from Norway,Iceland,Switzerland and Liechtenstein. European Work Experience Program Ltd will find you a suitable job and an accommodation.A representative of E.W.E.P.will be available during your stay to help you and you will get a 24-hour help line service during your stay.The TOTAl fee for our services is PS264.63(394.35 Euros). Should you require any further information,please contact us: European Work Experience Program Ltd Unit 1,Red Lion Court, Alexandra Road Hounslow,Middlesex,TW3 1JS United Kingdom Tel: 44 208 572 2993 Fax:44 208 572 1114 E--mail:sales@ewep.com \n Answer: To attract more students to work in England.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of writing the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-92e9e35dbe0c4c5faf229e9702f2bfed",
            "input": "Article: Eighteen-year-old Dana Kiger is happily running after balls on the soccer field. But not long ago, she couldn't remember her love of the game, her parents' faces or even her name. At 16, the Tennessee honor student and star athlete was hit from behind while playing in a soccer game. She fell to the ground, her head striking the hard ground. The blow knocked out nearly all of Kiger's memories. With no physical  injury or unusual change in her brain, doctors thought Kiger's memory would return in a few days. But it did not. And two and a half years later, it still hasn't. Kiger--who has no memory of her family, her childhood or her life before her injury--has had to create new memories, restart relationships and relearn old skills. \"The only thing I had ...I could walk, write, but I didn't know what to write,\" Kiger said of the days after the accident. \"Physically, I was OK, I guess, but mentally  I was troubled.\" Doctors say long-term amnesia  brought on by a less severe brain injury like Kiger's is unusual. \"It's very rare for people to have this lasting problem with memory recovering,\" said Dr Roger Hartl at Weill Cornell Medical College. Kiger's parents tried to help their daughter return to the life she once lived. \"She didn't know what food was,\" Kiger's mom said. \"She said, 'What is that?' I said, 'Lettuce.\" She said, 'Do I like it?' I said, 'That's up to you to decide.'\" Kiger's natural ability on the soccer field was the one part of her earlier life that died immediately. And soon, she'll begin a new life at Slippery Rock University, where she plans to study physical therapy . Kiger said that while parts of her past still remain a mystery, she's focused  on what's to come. \"It is about my future,\" she said. \n Answer: Soccer Injury Wipeed Out Teen's Memory",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-71652145c2b141b39d14c90d39ad73a0",
            "input": "Article: A father with Parkinson's disease was arrested as he watched the Olympic cycling road race because he failed to smile or look as if he was enjoying himself. Mark Worsfold, a martial arts trainer and former soldier, claims that he was thrown to the floor and handcuffed just as cyclists passed by. His worried wife Nicola only found out he was being held after she reported him missing when he did not turn up for their daughter's ninth birthday party. The 54-year-old man had his fingerprints, DNA and _ taken before being questioned about why he did not appear to be enjoying the event on July 28. Police said Mr. Worsfold, who was held for over five hours, was arrested because of his manner, his state of dress and his being too near to the course. A spokesman added that the arrest was necessary to avoid a breach   of the peace because he was standing near a group of protesters  . But Mr. Worsfold, who was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 2010, said that one of the symptoms of the disease is muscle rigidity, which can cause his face to become expressionless. \"I was sitting minding my own business\", he told a local newspaper. \"Before I knew anything the police grabbed me off this seven-foot wall, threw me to the floor and handcuffed me, so all I saw of the cycle race was between the feet of people from the pavement. It could have been done better. I was arrested for not smiling. I have Parkinson's disease. \" Mr. Worsfold has since asked for a letter of not being guilty from police. The officers who made the arrest have apologized to him. \n Answer: Worsfold was arrested because of his clothes as well as his facial expression.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-db7a3aa6028a49318a955548deafe693",
            "input": "Article: One warm September night, Mira had come down to the beach to enjoy the night air. She closed her eyes and listened to the waves. Suddenly, she could hear another sound, so she opened her eyes and looked down at the sand. It was moving! All of a sudden she could see a tiny head coming out. Then a turtle  appeared! One by one they struggled out of their underground nests. Mira looked in surprise at the baby turtles. Mira knew the turtles should head towards the waves and swim away, so she was puzzled when they began to pull themselves towards the dunes . Suddenly, she remembered something her grandmother had told her. \"Sea turtles bury their eggs on the beach every year in April and in September. Those baby turtles hatch  and head back down to the sea. But some of them never make it. Sometimes they die going across the dunes, trying to find those bright lights on the houses. Every day there are more houses being built on the dunes. That means more and more lights to confuse the sea turtles.\" Mira looked out across the dunes at her house. Mira saw her mother and father, sitting on the porch . She could see them because her house had two bright lights that lit up the porch. Mira began to run to her house and shouted, \"The turtles are hatching! We have to help the turtles!\" With these words, Mira ran into the house and turned off the bright porch lights. In a rush she was off running down the dunes with her whole family following her. They reached the beach just in time to see the tiny turtles slipping silently into the waves. Mira watched as the last turtle entered the water. As the turtle swam away, it looked back at Mira. In the moonlight, Mira thought she saw it smile. \n Answer: On a beach at night",
            "output": [
                "Where did the story happen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9511719628504da289233d427b2fb0f7",
            "input": "Article: It's fun to receive presents. It also feels good to give presents to others. So what's the best way to budget your money, shop wisely and spend smartly this holiday season? Time for kids asked for advice from Susan Beacham of Money Savvy Generation, a company that teaches money-management skills to kids. \" My first tip is to make a list and check it twice,\" says Beacham. She suggests that kids talk with their families about whom to include in their gift giving and how much to spend. Start by writing down names, Beacham says. Then put a dollar amount next to each name and add it up. Do you have enough money? If not, make changes. And don't forget---- not everyone needs a store-bought gift. Beacham points out that some of the best presents are free. Add to your list the names of people you want to give gifts of time and talent. Do the match Take the list with you to the store and \"make sure that you do the math,\" says Beacham \" If you've spent $ 30 on someone you were going to spent $25 on, you're going to have to spend $5 less on somebody else.\" The key to budgeting is staying within the boundaries you've set for yourself. Gifts from the heart The best gifts don't cost a thing. Here are some of Beacham's top gifts ideas. *For parents, make coupons  that can be trade for your services, such as doing dishes. *For grandma, write a note telling her how special she is to you. *For a friend, create a work of art, like a poem, a drawing or a necklace. *For teachers, bake a delicious cake. \n Answer: Spending money within the limit you have set.",
            "output": [
                "What's the most important thing in budgeting for presents according to Beacham?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0714f19cdcf44e318834e50175954757",
            "input": "Article: Father's Garden My father was always a good  gardener. One of my earliest memories is standing without shoes in the freshly tilled  soil, my hands blackened from digging in the ground. As a child, I loved following Dad around in the garden. I remember Dad pushing the tiller  ahead in perfectly straight lines. Dad loved growing all sorts of things: yellow and green onions, watermelons almost as big as me, rows of yellow corn, and our favorite--- red tomatoes. As I grew into a teenager, I didn't get so excited about gardening with Dad. Instead of magical land of possibility, it had turned into some kind of prison. As Dad grew older, his love for gardening never disappeared. After all the kids were grown and had started families of their own, Dad turned to gardening like never before. Even when he was diagnosed with cancer, he still took care of his garden. But then, the cancer, bit by bit, invaded his body. I had to do the things he used to do. What really convinced me that Dad was dying was the state of his garden that year. The rows and rows of multicolored vegetables were gone. Too tired to weed them, he simply let them be. He only planted tomatoes. For the first few years after he died, I couldn't even bear to look at anyone's garden without having strong memories pour over me like cold water from a bucket. Three years ago, I decided to plant my own garden and started out with just a few tomatoes. That morning, after breaking up a fair amount of soil, something caught the corner of my eye and I had to smile. It was my eight-year-old son Nathan, happily playing in the freshly tilled soil. \n Answer: He loved being in the garden with his father.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author like the garden when he was a child?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-886b249bb4e34e0d9fb08bed71eba9d3",
            "input": "Article: You use her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual chatbot. Xiaoice, Microsoft's latest artificial intelligence robot, was briefly released in 2014, and returnen to WeChat in 2015, where she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily, The New York Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official account. After following it, users can start text-based conversations with Xiaoice. \"Her incredible learning ability was why people loved to talk with Xiaoice,\" Liu Jinchang, a researcher at High-tech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology, told China Daily. Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis m conversations, Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily reported. Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top tech companies, they are becoming smarter and more common. For instance, IBM's latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australia's Deakin University, answering students' questions about course schedules and financial aid. Apple's Siri and Amazon's Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news, play music and even make jokes for their users. These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, The New York Times pointed out. However, it may take decades before scientists develop a \"Samantha\", the advanced chatbot seen in the fiction film Her. In the film, Samantha sparks a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Many viewers were enthusiastic about this fan tasy of virtual soul mates. \n Answer: Read news to its users.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can Xiaoice do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-15c56d4637c1411ca1157d17b73843bf",
            "input": "Article: NEW YORK--Microsoft on Monday made another effort to challenge Apple's iPhone and Google's Android in the exploding smartphone market--launching a wireless operating system,Windows Phone 7. Consumers will consider it\"always delightful and thoroughly mine,\"Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer said at a launch event. Ballmer said last year that Microsoft had\" _ \"with its Windows Mobile operating system.For example,it failed to keep up with touch-screen innovations that make iPhones and Android phones easy to use. Microsoft fell from third to fourth place in market share this year,behind BlackBerry,iPhone and Android. Only 10.8% of smartphone owners used Microsoft's system in August,down from 18% last December. But Windows Phone 7 is\"a total departure from anything they've done\".Microsoft says it sought to simplify common activities. For example,you can instantly take a picture with a phone's camera by pushing a button on the device. You don't have to first awaken it from its sleep mode and launch the camera application. You also can program the phones to automatically upload photos to Facebook or other social network sites in a couple of seconds. Users can easily work with Microsoft Office contact and calendar information as well as documents created in Microsoft's Word,Excel and PowerPoint. The phones will not show videos built on Adobe's Flash platform,widely used by services including YouTube and Hulu. AT&T will offer the first Windows Phone 7 smartphone,the Samsung Focus,on Nov.8.Soon after,it will have the LG Quantum and HTC Surround. Each will cost S|  199.99 with a two-year service contract. T-Mobile will have two Windows Phone 7 models out for the holiday shopping season:the HTC HD7 and Dell Venue Pro. It did not say how much they'll cost. \n Answer: Focus.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following phones will NOT use Windows Phone 7 operating system?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ffb3eb27eabb41f486e77b0136880588",
            "input": "Article: Certain plants and animals can survive under what seem like impossible conditions. Blind fish live freely under ocean depths that are  ly dark and cold. Bacteria live at temperatures of 600 degF or a higher in places where the heat comes from the deep earth. One of the most remarkable achievements that we can observe directly is the ability of the plants and animals in the desert. In the Death Valley ,temperatures of 134 degF in the shade have been officially reported Yet lizards live there ,along with 600 species of plants, 30 species of mammals? and even fish. While the days are terribly hot, the nights are extremely cold. Temperatures can fall down by as much as 50 degF. Plants called xerophytes are perfectly adapted to the extremely dry conditions. These plants have survived by developing techniques for coping with their environment. Like all living things ,they must have water ,and they get it in several ways. The mesquite and the prickly  pear pick up moisture in opposite ways. The mesquite sends its roots down as deep as 60 feet to tap the water table. The prickly pear, on the other hand ,spreads its roots wide. These roots are shallow but they pick up whatever moisture is available at ground level. The paloverde saves water by shedding leaves in times of extreme drought The barrel cactus makes sure of a water supply by storing water in the plant itself. The saguaro cactus stores so much water that it can survive years of drought. But even the saguaro will die sooner or later if there is no rain. All these plants ,although well adjusted to their environment, must eventually get water. Even if the parent plants die, there are always seeds to keep the species alive. Since the desert is so tough, thousands of seeds must be released to produce one plant. To get rooted, these seeds must have exactly the right conditions. They can lie dormant for months, even years, until a little water stimulates the sparks of life. \n Answer: Plants and animals can survive in the desert by adjusting to the environment.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can best express the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac44d55a704249b29144de4d404a52e5",
            "input": "Article: \"I would almost rather see you dead,\" Robert S. Cassatt, a leading banker of Philadelphia, shouted when his twenty-year-old eldest daughter announced that she wanted to become an artist. In the 19th century, playing at drawing or painting on dishes was all right for a young lady, but serious work in art was not. And when the young lady's family ranked  among the best of Philadelphia's social families, such an idea could not even be considered. That was how Mary Cassatt, born in 1844, began her struggle as an artist. She did not tremble before her father's anger. Instead, she opposed him with courage and at last made him change his mind. Mary Cassatt gave up her social position and all thought of a husband and a family, which in those times was unthinkable for a young lady. In the end, after long years of hard work and perseverance , she became America's most important woman artist and the internationally recognized leading woman painter of the time. \n Answer: He was very angry.",
            "output": [
                "How did Mr Cassatt react when his daughter made her announcement?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7dab066374cd4ffea30631e9aabd432b",
            "input": "Article: The International Voluntary Service runs a number of Youth Exchanges throughout the year.Youth Exchanges give small groups of 4-5 young people the opportunity to take part in volunteering trips abroad for an average of two weeks.These young people are joined by 4-5 young people from 3-4 other nationalities and are a wonderful intercultural experience in a safe environment. Example Youth Exchanges: Youth Exchange 1 Location:Ireland Other nationalities:Ireland,Spain,Italy,Hungary Theme:Focuses on the topic of community reconstruction and community activities--exploring how local issues facing our communities are connected to global issues.The group will also learn about the eco-village as an example of a community and take part in team-building activities. Youth Exchange 2 Location:France Other nationalities:Bulgaria,Italy,France Theme:Organic gardening & continual living.This project will take place in a natural park,where the group will take part in gardening activities and games/workshops about continuous development. Youth Exchange 3 Location:Macedonia Other nationalities:Serbia,Turkey,Ireland Theme:Foster social inclusion and motivate personal development of young people through sports and outdoor activities.Promote outdoor activities as a tool to help inclusion of young people with fewer opportunities. Youth Exchange 4 Location:Italy Other nationalities:Italy,Bulgaria,Greece Theme:A sociaI-environmental project that intends to promote social inclusion and continuable development,regarded as a process of civil rights and active citizenship.Over 10 days, the group will participate in activities to raise awareness about the effect of our behavior on the environment. \n Answer: Gardening work.",
            "output": [
                "What do you focus on when travelling in France?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0595a84b4bad43e8a1b2bf56d3b7bae7",
            "input": "Article: There has been much discussion recently about reducing the weight of English in China's high-stake tests such as the national college entrance examination. It is argued by some applauding the recent change to reduce the importance of English in tests so that it will lead students to focus more on learning Chinese. The TV program Writing in Chinese has exposed the problem that students and the general public cannot write in Chinese as they used to do. Some blame the design of the curriculum for giving English an equal or greater amount of emphasis, which might have contributed to the failure in teaching Chinese. But this is probably not a fair accusation since children in English speaking countries cannot spell either. I doubt that studying English in itself hurts the study of Chinese. In fact, high achievers in English or another foreign language are more likely to be high achievers in Chinese. It has been proved many times in recent Chinese history that those capable of using a foreign language are also masters in their mother tongue. Qian Zhongshu, Lu Xun and Lin Yutang are just a few examples. Another trend of thought for curriculum reform is related to the perception of \"worth\". It is true that English is one of the subjects that students do spend too much time on, with pitiful results. This makes some doubt if it is worth giving it priority. But this is not a sound argument either as students still need to study things that matter more to their future in spite of challenges learning English presents to them. Improvements in Chinese language education should not be achieved by sacrificing another important subject. There should be a robust  foreign language education program, as a foreign language improves a student's future job prospects. Bashing  English education as a waste of time or using it as a goat for failures in Chinese education are both harmful tendencies. To be constructive, we ought to start a dialogue on ways to make improvements in learning outcomes so that students' time learning English is spent more effectively. There are a few things that could improve English education, such as assessment design,learner motivation and teaching style, I am sure there are many other areas where changes can greatly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of English learning. The public discourse at present is a little oversimplified. People are arguing for or against English having less weight in major tests, when the dialogue should be taken a step further, to the improvement of learning or teaching methods that may benefit the teaching of other subjects as well, Chinese included. \n Answer: Sacrificing English can improve Chinese language education.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is right?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-37d06aeb89cb493e933de0d4bde6572b",
            "input": "Article: PEOPLE who have had a painful experience may wish they could wipe the memory from their minds. Researchers at Johns Hopkins University, US, say that this may someday be possible. A drug remains far off, but researchers have laid a foundation with their discovery that proteins can be removed from the brain's fear center to cut memories forever. Previous research had already shown that a special behavior therapy   could cut painful memories. But relapse   was possible because the memory hadn't necessarily disappeared. By looking at that process, Richard Huganir and Roger Clem, two researchers from Johns Hopkins University, discovered a \"window of vulnerability  \" when proteins are created. The proteins help signals travel within the brain as painful memories are made. Because the proteins are unstable, they can be easily removed with drugs or behavior therapy to cut memories. Researchers used mice to find the window, but think the process would be the same in humans. They used electric shocks to make the mice fear a certain sound. The sound triggered   the creation of the proteins, called calcium-permeable   AMPARS, which formed for a day or two in the fear centers of the mice's brains. The researchers are working on ways to reopen the window by recalling   the painful memory and using drugs to remove the protein. They published their report online last month in Science Express. Their research has drawn interest and concern from experts in mental healthcare. Kate Farinholt, a mental health expert with the National Alliance on Mental Illness, Maryland, US, said many people suffering from a painful event might benefit from erasing a memory. \"Erasing a memory and then everything bad built on that is an amazing idea, and I can see all sorts of potential ,\" she said. But there are a lot of unanswered questions, too. \"Completely deleting a memory is a little scary. How do you remove a memory without removing a part of someone's life,\" Farinholt said. \"And is it best to do that, considering that people grow and learn from their experiences?\" \n Answer: Erasing memory damages a patient's brain functions.",
            "output": [
                "What have researchers at Johns Hopkins University found recently?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-43e4e5cdee814bb8a6381c86722d56f6",
            "input": "Article: My mother, Marisol Torres, came with her family to Australia in the early 1960s. Then my parents' marriage ended and Mum began the study of precious stones. Her interest in opals   took her to the New South Wales remote town of Lightning Ridge. There were no luxuries  , but she was closer to nature and had a chance to find black opals and make some money. My mother was beautiful with dark hair and brown eyes, but she was also quiet and shy. Early in the Ridge years, she kept to herself, but later, she started going to the neighbourhood centre to make friends. It was her dream to mine, but her get-rich-quick thinking was unrealistic. She was cheated and she was never very successful. But she kept a sense of humour and a charming smile. Then, just as friendships began to blossom, she was diagnosed with cancer and had to return south for treatment. She had the intention of cooking Spanish food as special treat for her Ridge friends, but died too soon. In her honour, my aunt, Marisa, and I fulfilled her desire when we visited the Ridge in March last year. People who mine the Ridge come from a cross section of society, from lawyers to travels. Looks don't mean much: it can be hard to tell who is millionaire and who is poor. Opals attracted Sebastian and Hanna Deisenberger to Lightning Ridge. They planned a two-year stay, but became permanent residents. Then there's Neil Schellnegger, 45, who moved to the area with his parents when he was a child. He lives with his son, Luke. Luke is a shy 19-year-old boy who enjoys helping his dad. They haven't had much luck over the past couple of years, but their passion for opals conquers disappointment. They love the peaceful lifestyle. Danny Hatcher, 38, is a second-generation miner and president of the Lightning Ridge Miners' Association. He is an optimistic man, driven by the desire to find the perfect opal. \"It's magic,\" he explains. \"Once you start opal mining you don't want to do anything else... There is always the potential for finding a million dollars. Nothing beats it.\" It's a place where dreams --- spiritual or material --- can be fulfilled; a place, for one last bet in life. \n Answer: Her passion for nature. .",
            "output": [
                "What made the author's mother go to Lightning Ridge?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b36eb7d7cf2423984b749e10343b52c",
            "input": "Article: Five-year-old Jocelyn Rojas spent all day playing happily with her friends outside her grandmother's apartment building. Her mom, Jaimee, kept her eye on the little girl from a window. At about 4 p.m., Jocelyn walked around the corner of the building to get her bicycle. However, half an hour later, she disappeared. Jaimee called 911. A short time later, police officers and firefighters crowded inthe area, blocking streets and searching the neighborhood. Officers handed out photos of the girl wearing thick-framed glasses. Temar Boggs, 15, a school athlete in track, was with some friends moving a couch into the apartment of his elderly neighbor when one officer approached him and asked if he'd seen Jocelyn. Unfortunately, none of them had seen her. A little bit later, Temar and his friends went to check out the situation. By 6:30 p.m., Jocelyn had been missing for more than two hours, and the search team was worried that the sun would set before she was found. Just at that moment, Temar felt an intense emotion that he was going to find her. He and his friend Chris Garcia, 13, rode alongside, simply keeping a sharp eye out as they circled around. Then Temar spotted a car circling around, as if the driver were unfamiliar with the neighborhood. Temar cycled close and made eye contact with the man behind the wheel, an older guy wearing a red-and-white striped shirt, and saw a tiny blond girl in the passenger seat. Temar instantly realized it must be the missing girl. The boys cycled after the car, but the driver kept moving, winding his way through the neighborhood. Finally, the driver had to park the car ahead of them and pushed open the passenger-side door. A girl slipped out of the car. It was Jocelyn. Temar got off his bike, and carried her to the police. The kidnapper sped away. A police report later identified the man as a 63-ycar-old sex offender. He is still _ . Neil Harkins, chief of the Manheim Police Department, says \"The boys' heroics are 'something we don't normally hear about.' It is a very brave thing for young boys to do that.\" But when asked, Temar, now a tenth-grade student at Lucy Laney High School, says \"I didn't do it for attention. I just wanted to help.\" \n Answer: Because she was trapped in the building.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jaimee call 911?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e17d77cc61cb40efb6eb48a1f3672c19",
            "input": "Article: Six seconds after its launch in Virginia, US, an unmanned rocket bound for the International Space Station (ISS) exploded, disappointing people both on Earth and in space. Hundreds of millions of dollars worth of cargo was destroyed in the Oct. 28 explosion due to An\"equipment failure\", said Orbital Sciences, the company hired by NASA for the resupply mission. The rocket was carrying a cargo ship loaded with 2,200 kilograms of supplies such as food, tools, parts, and experiments. Roughly a third of the cargo was a series of scientific investigations. Some of them were from high school students in the US. For example, 10 students from the Cristo Rey Jesuit College Preparatory School of Houston were conducting experiments about microgravity and put their samples on the rocket.  \"I know that failure is a part of science, but I really feel sorry for my students,\" science teacher Greg Adragna told the Houston,  Chronicle . Astronauts at the ISS felt a more urgent disappointment, however. The cargo included 617kg of food. Now they will have to rely on supplies from a Russian launch on Oct. 29. Launched in 1998 and involving the US, Russia, Canada, Japan, and the member countries of the European Space Agency, the ISS is one of the most ambitious international collaborations in history. Currently, there are six astronauts at the station, five male and one female. Three are from Russia, two are from the US, and one is from Germany.  They have lived together for about six months. The station gets regular resupplies from Earth, using unmanned spacecrafts. Food is always a big part of the supplies.  Most of the food is frozen and ready to eat, and often tastes bad-somewhat like trying to eat when you have a heavy cold. To make space life better, however, scientists have made breakthroughs. Earlier this year, Russian astronauts managed to grow a variety of crops aboard the station. Next year they are going to try to grow rice and other plants. And, as transporting water to space is expensive, astronauts are looking for ways to recycle water. \"Astronauts on board the ISS already drink water distilled from sweat and urine<) ,\" Russian news agency RIA Novosti reported. Is that the reason the astronauts were so disappointed not to get the water from the failed resupply mission, by any chance? \n Answer: To inform us of the explosion of NASA-s unmanned rocket and its effects.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author-s main purpose in writing the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a4e95b19ad3e408382acc698dc3aeb48",
            "input": "Article: George Bernard Shaw and Winston Churchill disliked each other. It is said that the playwright  once sent Churchill two tickets for the opening night of one of his plays, together with a card, which said, \"Bring a friend (if you have one).\"  Churchill, however, returned the tickets with a note, which said, \"I shall be busy that evening. Please send me two tickets for the second night (if there is one).\"  There is no record of whether Shaw ever sent the tickets. \n Answer: Churchill did not have any friend.",
            "output": [
                "What was Shaw trying to say to Churchill on his card?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-82e657f0c52640859dac88e58ff60917",
            "input": "Article: Both are so much related to each other. And both are so dissimilar! What are the differences between friendship and love? Is platonic  friendship possible between persons of opposite sex? Let us try and understand. What is friendship? Why do we call a person our friend? When do we call someone a very good friend? If we care for a person, if we are always ready to help that person and if we share most of our thoughts with a person, they are our good friends. We can always count upon our good friends in an emergency. We are always sure that our friend will understand why we acted in a certain way. We need not explain anything to our very good friends. The friendship is so deep and the relationship is so close, that most of the things are automatically understood by our friends. What about love? In a relationship of deep love, all the sharing that we discussed above are taken for granted. But love transcends(,) all these. During love, we are attached with a particular person, while in friendship, one may have many friends. A loving relationship makes one so much attached to the other, that one gets pained if his/her beloved is hurt! Love also involves a physical element. Friendship does not have that. This is a vital difference. Nature gives us love so that the species can go forward. Nature does not give us friendship. Your heart beats will never increase in expectation of meeting your friend. You will not lie awake at night thinking about your friend. You will not feel totally lost, if you don't meet your friend for a few days. You will not have dreams in your eyes thinking about your friend. But in love, you will do all these and much more. Indeed, there is no comparison between love and friendship. \n Answer: To come up with the question for the further discussion.",
            "output": [
                "What's the function of the first passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c04229c38f8d4728871f8542fb6f9c54",
            "input": "Article: On a hot summer day, a soft drink can really take away your thirst. At home, at school, in the park or at the movies---you can find one almost anywhere. Carbonated You can see bubbles  in these! Of all soft drinks sold, about 75 percent are carbonated . But be careful, carbonated soft drinks have lots of sugar and caffeine . Caffeine is not very good for you in the summer because it takes water out of your body. And the sugar can make you overweight if you drink too much. Fruit juice There are different kinds of juice. One kind is made only from fresh fruit. This kind of fruit juice may not taste sweet enough for some people, but it is nutritious . Another kind of fruit juice tastes good but has lots of sugar in it. Many young people buy this kind because the advertisements are good. It is bad for your teeth and bones to drink lots of this. Energy drinks These kinds of drinks have caffeine and things that make people get excited in them. They are sometimes called \"party drinks\". Doctors say that if you drink too much of this kind, you may have a heart attack. Bottled water We have lots of different kinds of bottled water, such as mineral water, purified water and distilled water . They are clean and easy to drink. But it is best not to drink very cold water. It may make your stomach feel bad. Sports drinks Most of these have funny names like \"Scream \" and \"G-Vital \". They have lots of vitamins and minerals in them. After you play sports, you may want to drink one of these. But if you just spend your summer holiday sitting around watching TV, you won't need them at all! \n Answer: Carbonated and fruit juice.",
            "output": [
                "Which two types of drinks may make you overweight?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f2f1deadddae4c25a9f14842cf654df8",
            "input": "Article: An American research company shows that $248.7 billion online sales are expected by 2014. It seems as if we can't get enough of spending money through countless online clicks today. Following are some of the incredible things that you can buy online! 1) Parents 51-year-old Michael Amatrudo from Connecticut put a posting on Craig list in 2009 to sell his elderly parents, asking for $155 in return. 2) Chewing Gum Bidding for Britney Spears' chewing gum reached $14,000 in 2004. The pop star's half-eaten sandwich also went for over $500. 3) Kidney Stone Star Trek actor William Shatner sold his kidney stone for $20,000 when he put it up for sale online to see how much a piece of him was worth. He ended up giving the money to charity. 4) An Imaginary Friend This imaginary guy went (or might still be going) by the name of Jon Malipieman and was sold on eBay for $3,000 by a man who claimed: \"My imaginary friend Jon Malipieman is getting too old for me now. I am now 27 and I feel I am growing out of him. He is very friendly. Along with him, I will send you what he likes and dislikes, his favorite things to do and his personal self portrait.\" 5) Souls The website demonical.com is probably the creepiest site I have ever visited. You can sell your own soul or buy the souls of people such as Fidel Castro and Woody Allen (both selling for $950). Bill Gate, whoever that is, has his soul for sale at $1,300 while Michael Jacobsen's soul is being sold for $3000. 6) A Rock That Looks Like Meat The screen shot from eBay tells us that people are bidding over $1 million for this \"naturally formed bbq pork rock\". Absolute madness. \n Answer: To introduce some unbelievable things online.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's purpose for writing the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d59b481572bc4217b6cc88d1b2648cba",
            "input": "Article: Juac has made the leap from being an African refugee   to a chess champion in the United States. His job is to share his expertise  with students in schools, chess camps and other events. During Sudan's civil war in the mid-1980s, Juac was forced out of the country with 20,000 0ther so -called Lost Boys. He fled to Ethiopia, then to Kenya staying in a refugee camp for eight years, where he learned to play chess. Juac described a dangerous journey in which half the boys didn't survive. To eat, they had to kill wild animals. \"There were animals on the way. It was about a thousand miles and sometimes there was no water. When we were in Ethiopia, we had to cross the river and there a lot drowned.\" Juac arrived in the United States in 2004 and began working as a security guard. Winning a chess tournament gave him this teaching opportunity. Juac believes chess helps prepare young people for life. \"Some kids are not interested, so it's your job to make them like the game, to explain them what chess is going to help them with.\" He said. \"Like, I can tell, this game will give you patience, and help with your math skills.\" Julie Cathone, a second grade teacher in Jackson Public School, agrees. The School's principal, Meghan Kelley, said Juac and chess have made a big difference. \"What a role model. I mean when you think about just overcoming, and finding what you love and turning that into your life's work.\" Juac said he enjoys the freedom he has in the United States. But his passion is playing and teaching chess to youngsters. His boss, Michael Propper , said Juac has one great advantage. \"I think he's believable. I think they look at him and he's so _ that they feel like they can do what he's doing and be a person as he is too.\" Ju ac still has a big goal ahead of him-becoming an international chess master. With his skill and patience, Propper and his peers have no doubt that will happen. \n Answer: About sixteen years.",
            "output": [
                "How long did Juac most probably stay in Ethiopia?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-23a6d51ee7f9489f89a97e1943da491a",
            "input": "Article: Trapped on the 37thFloor Melinda Skaar wasn't expecting any phone calls. Skaar was working late in her office at the First Internet bank of California. By 10:45 that night she was almost ready to go home when the phone rang. Picking it up, she heard a guard shouting. There is a fire! Get out of there. Skaar didn't panic. She figured that it was just a small fire. Her office building was huge. There were 62 floors and her desk was on the 37thfloor. Skaar called out to office mate Stephen Oksas, who also stayed late to work. But when they got out to the hallway, they were met by a cloud of black smoke. Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out. Then they called 911. before they could call their families, however, the line went dead. That meant that they were completely cut off from the outside world. All they could do was wait and hope someone would come to rescue them. Minutes ticked by. Smoke began to float into the office. Soon it became hard for them to breathe. Looking around, Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they crowed there. That helped for a while, but in time even the workroom was filled with deadly smoke. Hopeless, they tried to break the windows, but the glass was not breakable. Everything they threw at just bounced back. Defeated, they struggled back to the workroom. They felt weak and dizzy. Soon Skaar found Oksas had passed out. Skaar and Oksas knew they were lucky to be alive. Sunday is my birthday, Skaar told a reporter. She would be turning 29. but she knew she had already got the best present possible----the gift of life. \n Answer: they rushed back and shut the door",
            "output": [
                "What did Skaar and Oksas do where were stopped by the fire?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-531499d8b63c4259bf55bfe771a3711f",
            "input": "Article: Many people earn their living with their hands. Ed earns his living with his feet! And a very good living it is, too. Ed's story began in a very small town in Brazil. His father and mother were very poor. Seven people lived in their tiny house. Ed's father often played football. Little Ed wanted to play football too. So his father made a soft ball for him to kick. It was a sock filled with soft materials. The little boy kicked it every day. At last Ed learned to kick a real football. By the time he was 11, he played football very well. One day Ed was playing with some men. A man passing by saw how fast the boy ran. He stopped to watch. How well Ed kicked the ball! After the game, the man called Ed to him. \"My name is Mr. Dee,\" he said. \"I used to play football for a living. Will you let me teach you what I know?\" \"Oh, yes!\" Ed answered. In the next four years, Mr. Dee trained Ed to be a fine player. The boy worked hard. At last Mr. Dee talked to Ed's father. \"This boy is ready to play with the big teams,\" he said. \"Let me take him to a city that has a good team.\" Mr. Dee took Ed to Santos, Brazil. There, the boy joined the Santos Football Club. In his first big game, Ed helped his team win by seven points. He made four of the seven points! Many people thought he was the best football player in the world. He was \"The King of Football\" \n Answer: There were seven people in his family.",
            "output": [
                "What is said about Ed's family when he was a little child?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f5f13fd27be4467aae23760f2e6a9347",
            "input": "Article: Deng Nannan, 15, used to hate drinking milk for breakfast. But she had to drink it because her mom, as well as many others, said that milk was good for her growing body. Besides, milk and bread made up a convenient diet that saved her parents a lot of time after Deng entered junior school and had to arrive at school early in the morning. After that, Mengniu and Yili became her favorite brands of morning milk and yoghurt after dinner. However, she has been forced to change her diet since the recent milk crisis. Many best-selling milk brands such as Mengniu, Yili and Bright were discovered to contain melamine  , which is usually used to make plastic. The bad milk products have sickened more than 5,300 babies and killed four. \"I shifted to rice porridge,\" she said. \"My mom has to get up at 5:50 am to prepare my breakfast and make sure that it cools down when I get up.\" Deng has become addicted to milk, so she doesn't quite enjoy her morning meal these days although she knows that it's a tiring job for her working mom.  \"I'll turn back to Mengniu and Yili when they finally improve their products,\" she said.   However, right now Deng's mom tries to adjust   her eating habits by cooking different foods. Besides rice porridge, noodles, egg soup and soybean milk are prepared as her breakfast. \n Answer: Because milk becomes more and more expensive.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, why do some students stop drinking milk?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e076cf14e5a4560a9423b37bcfcf79b",
            "input": "Article: People appear to be born to calculate. The numerical skills of children develop so early that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy--one plate, one knife, one spoon, one fork for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, spoons and forks on the table, and a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, some people expect that if a child were on a desert island at birth and brought back seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.   Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of psychologists has cast light on the unnoticeable forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped--or, as the case might be, came across--concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to admit that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short thick glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since proved that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be persuaded into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the most basic parts of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers--the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of object and is a prerequisite   for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table--is itself far from natural born. \n Answer: The development of mathematical ability in children.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3b9189cc63b44c24ba41d37708909fca",
            "input": "Article: They tell us when to get up or when we're running late for work and whether we are in danger of missing our favourite TV programme. But while our daily routines rely on clocks that tell us the time, science is discovering that our well-being is influenced by a very different kind of timepiece. Circadian rhythms---the human body's own internal clock---have a powerful influence on our health and behaviour. _ are programmed from birth and control functions ranging from temperature and blood pressure to sleep patterns. In recent years researchers have also discovered that this built-in mechanism can influence everything from the way we react to medicines to how well we learn music. The latest example, from experts at Harvard University in the US, shows that the human body clock can even dictate whether or not we are likely to tell the truth. Researchers found it was easier for people to fib  in the afternoon because, as they were tired, the self control that would normally prevent them from lying started to break down. Tiredness made it harder to resist the temptation to tell lies---especially if it meant they got a financial reward at the end. \"The body clock has a great effect on us all,\" says Professor Jim Horne from the Sleep Research Centre at Loughborough University. \"Most people tend to feel good around late morning and then decline in the early afternoon. But the time most of us will feel our sharpest is between 6pm and 8pm. That's because sleepiness tends to build up throughout the day. By early evening our body clock kicks in to wake us up. One reason may be to ensure we get home safely. When our ancestors were coming home after hunting all day their internal clocks kicked in to get them home in one piece.\" So what effects do circadian rhythms have and what's the best time of day to take advantage of them? \n Answer: In the early evening.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, when are people most quick-thinking?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73b9b04598fa4458929ab7d62d7040bb",
            "input": "Article: Growing up in one of the poorest, most crime-ridden  communities on the south side of Atlanta, US, being raised by a single mother who didn't finish 3rd grade, living each day on food stamps  and attending what the media called \"the most dysfunctional  public school district,\" not many people expected much of me, so I had to expect something of myself. On my 13th birthday, I bought a poster of Harvard to hang in my room. Being at Harvard became what I dreamt about: I saw myself attending class in Sanders Theater, studying in Widener Library and eating in Annenberg Hall. Even when my electricity was cut off and I woke up at 5:30 a.m. to pitch blackness, I knew that my poster of Harvard was still hanging only two feet away from me. I'd begin my day by asking myself these two questions, \"What do I want in my life?\" and \"Are the things I am doing today going to get me closer to that life?\" Reminding myself of my goal each day made it easy to say no to the same choices I saw my peers making, because those paths wouldn't have gotten me closer to my goal. I found that even poverty could not take away my power to decide what I choose to do with my day. Asking myself those questions gave me the courage to cold email about 50 Harvard students so I could ask for feedback  on my application essays; it gave me the energy to study just one more hour on my SATs when my friends were asleep; and it gave me the determination to submit  just one more scholarship application when 180 0thers had already turned me down. On March 3 lst, 2011, an email arrived from Harvard. The first word was \"Congratulations!  \"A month later, Harvard flew me up to visit the campus where for the first time I got to see inside Sanders Theater, tour Widener Library and eat dinner in Annenberg Hall. Who you are today is the result of the decisions you made yesterday, and who you will be tomorrow will be the result of the choices you make today. Who do you want to be tomorrow? \n Answer: Objective.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's attitude towards \"poverty\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-48a9b8016ac54792acde352550f31af0",
            "input": "Article: It was a physical class. But it was nothing like previous ones -- the class was \"attended\" by over 60 million students across China, and the teacher was not even on the planet: she was 340 kilometers above the earth. \"Hello, everyone. I'm Wang Yaping. I'll host your lecture today.\" Smiling to the camera, Wang, China's second female astronaut, started her video class on June 20 on board the Tiangong-1 space station. To show how Newton's Laws work in space, Wang and her fellow astronauts used simple items like balls and spinning tops. The highlight of the lecture was when Wang _ using a metal ring, something that only happens in zero gravity, where the surface tension  of water is much higher than it is on the earth. She then took it a step further by pouring more water onto the film and turning it into a water ball, leaving the audience amazed by what they saw. The 40-minute lesson seemed to have passed too quickly for students to see enough of those magical experiments. But sending stuff into space is really expensive. According to The Beijing Times, every kilogram launched into space cost 20,000 dollars. The experimental items taken this time were all strictly selected and weighed about 2.9 kilograms in total. This adds up to quite a large price tag. The organizers of the event also had to consider the time of day: the communication signal between the earth and Tiangong-1 was best during that specific 40 minutes, when the spacecraft was flying within the coverage of all of the ground-based testing stations. \n Answer: Because the lecturer was in space.",
            "output": [
                "Why is the class different from a common one?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6d13f6c8105c4406a071c618cc7e03e2",
            "input": "Article: Recently educators have been questioning \"prep school\" (=preparatory school)   where barely literate   high school athletes get their transcripts   by taking courses occasionally and sometimes by taking no courses at all. The athletes then go on to famous sports universities, where they exhaust their playing years before landing back on the streets without job opportunity or college degrees. The prep school scheme was meant to avoid academic qualification rules for college athletes made years ago by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The N.C.A.A., which was slow to recognize the seriousness of the problem, has finally adopted policies to root it out. But those policies will not do the job unless everyone is involved, including prep schools and college athletics departments that still recruit   students who do not meet academic standard. The prep school scheme sends a dangerous message to poor neighborhoods, where young people too often ignore their studies, believing that they will magically become millionaires once the world sees their athletic talents. Even worse, it encourages students to drop out of traditional schools before graduation--at which point their grade-point averages would be written in stone--to sign up with fake schools that can help them rewrite their academic records. The N.C.A.A. has begun to check nontraditional schools for their academic programs and has actually closed some. The organization has also stepped up to look into athletes' transcripts and will pay special attention to athletes who attended several schools, showed sudden jumps in grade-point average, transferred to another school late in the senior year or took an unbelievable number of courses in one term. These measures are encouraging as far as they go. But the N.C.A.A. will need to go much deeper into the problem if it hopes to break this scheme. For starters, it needs to make clear not just what courses high school athletes need to take to become qualified for college sports, but when they should take them. Until that happens, those who recruit young athletes will always be tempted to make fake academic record at the last possible moment for them. \n Answer: They seldom have good academic performance at high school.",
            "output": [
                "About students in \"prep school\", which of the following facts might NOTbe true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-15c1cc1c49ed44c59d9d6bf35f895af6",
            "input": "Article: For thousands of years, mankind has produced plants and animals to create more desired and useful plants and animals. For example, modern com has been produced to such a large size that it is no longer able to reproduce without man's assistance. Modern dairy cows produce too much milk and if they are not often emptied of milk, they could leak, burst, become infected, and possibly die. Besides, most dogs raised by people can not survive in the wild even with special training. Since natural evolution is extremely slow and mankind's selective production programs only take a few generations to produce a completely new species, natural evolution has already _ mankind's production programs. In addition, mankind has successfully killed off several species all together. For example, there are no more European wolves in existence and mammoths   probably died out because of mankind. Even certain diseases have been permanently got rid of from the planet, and dozens of other diseases will soon be too. Again, natural evolution did i>>t cause most of the destruction during man's rule of the world. Currently, scientists are creating new species with desired characteristics in the lab significantly faster than natural evolution creates new species. In a single generation, new species can be created and destroyed by mankind, while natural evolution could take thousands of years to do the same but only accidentally. Scientists are even able to replace defective   or damaged genes with different genes to attempt to cure genetic defects. This is something that natural evolution could possibly never correct. Eventually scientists will even be able to improve the quality of people. For example, imagine not only correcting your eyesight with gene treatment, but also ensuring that all of your children do not receive your old genes of poor eyesight too. Scientists will one day be able to improve the memory and intelligence of your children, so that they will do better in school and achieve more in life. Doctors and scientists will be able to customize   babies before they are born just like picking options at a car store. \n Answer: Near-sighted parents will be able to produce babies with good eyesight in the future.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6fa2b8af43704840ac6ff8debec18eff",
            "input": "Article: It's not easy to find a person with the qualities it takes to be a hero. I didn't really understand the meaning of the word \"hero\" until my third year in the college. If you saw her, you wouldn't think she really looks the part, but she is stronger than Superman could ever be. Her name is Sandra Keierleber. I first met her at volleyball tryouts , but didn't notice anything special at first. As the week passed, however, she showed she had more heart than anyone. She stood out because she never gave up, no matter what. Sandra isn't the tallest or the fastest --- in fact, this was her first time playing volleyball and it showed--- but that didn't stop her. She was always the first to arrive and the last to leave. By the end of tryouts she had found a place in everyone's heart. When the name list for new members was put up, we all waited nervously as she checked. When she stood at the door and smiled happily, all we could do was cheer. After Sandra made the team, she worked even harder to improve her game. When she asked for help, we gladly taught her. She also became our fan, attending almost every school game and even joining us in the city games. We all like her, because she never thinks about doing things the easy way, or loses that smile. Because of her great efforts, she makes herself a true hero--- and my hero, too. \n Answer: Common",
            "output": [
                "What did the writer think of Sandra Keierleber at the beginning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-42612df1a62d411ca392483905ba4909",
            "input": "Article: The students in America usually begin high school at the age of 13 or 14. Some leave at the age of 16. But most finish the 4-year high school study. They do not get their first full-time work or begin college studies until they are 17 or 18 years old. The high school day is about 7 hours long. Part of the day is made into classes of about 50 minutes long. The students have lunch in the middle of the day. American students study English, history, math, science, art and languages. Some also learn job skills. They can learn how to use a computer or how to mend a car. Other students may learn by working in an office, a hospital or other places one day a week. Jean Wilton Anderson is 16 years old. She lives with her parents and two younger brothers in Bethesda, Maryland, near Washington D.C. Jean studies at Walt Whitman High School. There are about 1,500 students at the school. Most of them will go up to colleges. Jean wakes up early every morning. She begins school at about 7:30. This is her third year of high school. Every day she takes classes to learn English, world history, physics and trigonometry . She also has a class about different religions .And she plays the violin in music class. School ends at about 2 o'clock in the afternoon. Yet, Jean stays 2 or more hours longer every day for sports. Jean arrives home at about 5 o'clock in the afternoon. She eats dinner. Then she starts her homework. Students in America have their way of talking. They use the word \"like\" all the time. Jean and her girlfriends wear blue jeans and shirts or sweaters every day. The boys at her school also wear blue jeans. But they like to wear blue jeans that are several sizes too large for them.  Like students of her age in most parts of the country, Jean begins to drive a car. She does not have her car. She must use the family's car. Most of the students in high school have their own cars. Many of them drive their cars to school every day. \n Answer: The students only have 6 subjects to learn.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not true to the high school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d192cefa76414a81bd31ea47158196f6",
            "input": "Article: Bicycles are a great way to get around. They're fun to ride, especially down hills. And, as you speed along the road, you might also think of ways in which you could improve your bike-- make it safer, more efficient, or more comfortable. In fact, the two-wheeled machines make for some cool science projects. This year's Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF), held last May in Cleveland, featured(had)three bicycle projects from three countries. Like many of the other experiments presented at ISEF, the bike projects showed that some of the most interesting scientific research often begins by taking a closer look at things you care about. Renato Angulo Chu had even grander ambitions. The 12th-grader from Lima, Peru, wanted to _ some of his country's economic troubles. \"I see a problem in my country,\" Renato said. \"If you go to the forests in Peru, in some places you cannot find electricity. If you go with my bicycle, you can turn on the lights.\" Renato, 16, spent 3 years designing his special Multibike. The device looks like a fixed exercise bike. It has wires fixed along the frame and a blender strapped (fastened) to the back. Turning the pedals operates the blender. The same principle can be used to sharpen knives or sweep city streets. The Multibike can work either as a fixed bike or as a bicycle able to travel city streets and country roads. It's made from inexpensive materials, and the user gets exercise while pedaling to operate a machine. \"You pedal the bike, and you can mix any drink you want,\" Renato said. More importantly, he added, the same concept could be used to bring light to houses in remote regions of the rainforest. \n Answer: Looking closely at things you are concerned about can lead to scientific research.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-799ed7c7a1ed44a2af92ba541917058f",
            "input": "Article: Recreational tree climbing is taking root in the ecotourism industry, and it's sending guys like Tim Kovar to far off reaches of the globe. Kovar, a tree-climbing instructor, recently returned to the U.S. from Brazil, where he spent time developing a tree-climbing operation thanks to the \"slow travel\" movement.    Slow travel, is like the slow food movement, the practice of giving fast food in favor of homegrown cooking--the kind that takes hours to prepare and enjoy. Likewise, slow travel urges visitors to experience a place's natural surroundings and learn about the ecology in a way not afforded by extreme games.     \"Tree climbing is a slow activity,\" says Kovar. \"It's not something you do quickly and then you're on to the next thing or event.\" There is no such thing as a quick climb, especially for beginners. This wasn't a race against the clock or the fellow climbers. In fact, tree climbing is unlikely to ever become a feature of the extreme games. Many climbers refuse competition. There has already been so much competition in the world. \"When you stand below the tree, it can be amazing,\" Rusel DeMaria says, looking affectionately up at Michael's Triumph, a 150-foot-tall tree. But reaching the treetop, he adds, is an entirely different feeling. Likewise, his wife, Viola Brumbaugh, kneels on the ground and asks Michael's Triumph for permission to climb. \"It goes a lot smoother that way, \"She says. And climbing has been included into many educational programs. New Tribe offers guided climbs through its school, Tree Climbing Northwest, where \"we teach enough tree biology and forest ecology to raise awareness in our students,\" says New Tribe present Sophis Sparks. \"We know that the tree climbing experience deepens personal appreciation for trees. After climbing, people value trees more and are motivated to support preservation. This is not just to preserve their playground.\"    Perhaps that is why he struggles with the term \"recreational tree climbing,\" saying, \"I prefer to call it inspirational tree climbing.\" \n Answer: They take people a long time.",
            "output": [
                "What do slow travel and the slow food movement have in common?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f3a292c1e9584aabba821ff3d8638636",
            "input": "Article: Taiwanese fishing boats that sailed to the Diaoyu Islands to protest Japan's \"purchase\" of part of the islands completed their voyage Tuesday morning and have set sail for home. Local media reported that the boats finished their protest at 9:15 a.m. and are expected to return to a port in northeast Taiwan's Yilan county at noon Wednesday. Although the boats originally numbered 75,they were joined at sea by other boats from different parts of Taiwan, raising the total number to about 100 vessels. Organizers said the voyage was made to protect Taiwanese fishing rights in nearby waters and to protest Japan's \"purchase\" of part of the Diaoyu Islands. The Japanese government announced a plan to \"purchase\" part of the islands earlier this month despite repeated protests from the Chinese government. The action aroused demonstrations across China as well as consumers' boycott of Japanese products in recent weeks. Local authorities in Taiwan have also protested the move. \"Japan's purchase and nationalization of China's Diaoyu Islands are putting China-Japan economic and trade ties at risk due to man-made factors.\" An official spokesman from Beijing warned . China-Japan economic and trade relations was back on track in 1952 when the two countries signed their first non-governmental trade agreement. Currently, China has been Japan's largest trade partner since 2007 while Japan is China's fourth largest trade partner, after the EU, U.S. and the ASEAN. Meanwhile, China is the biggest destination for Japanese exports and biggest source of imports. In the first half of 2012, Japan's exports to China totaled 73.54 billion U.S. dollars, down 6.2 percent from the same period last year, while its import from China was 91.29 billion U.S. dollars, up 7 percent from the same period last year. Now, China-Japan economic and trade relations are at a crossroads. Negotiation could be the way out of the rift. \n Answer: Because Japan announced to purchase China's Diaoyu Islands.",
            "output": [
                "Why are China-Japan economic and trade relations at a crossroads?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-22dab22f626c4485b1ce708282b0a787",
            "input": "Article: The latest fashion in kitchen is the food steamer. All the stores are selling them; everyone wants one. Steaming is one of the simplest and healthiest ways of cooking food.However, that cooking time is usually longer than with other methods. In case you're thinking of buying a steamer, I've done a survey about the steamers available on the market to help you decide which will suit you best. *Folding Steamer The simplest and least expensive is the folding stainless-steel  version. Advantages: This is a good, basic design which sits inside a variety of different shapes of pans with the water under it; a ring in the center allows for easy lifting and it's easy to clean. Disadvantages: It only holds small dishes. Also, if you put too much water in the pan, it will boil up through the vegetables and they will be watery. If you put too little water in and let it get dry, you will burn the pan and get strange-smelling vegetables. *Steaming Pan This is a three-layered black Teflon-coated version with a lid and two double-handled steamers, which sits on the oven ring. The brand I bought is called Nutritious Living. Advantages: This is an excellent steamer, lightweight, easy to clean, and of all the steamers I've tried, this cooks the fastest. Fish and chicken can be cooked on the bottom with rice or vegetables on the top. It's easier to store. Disadvantages: Water can boil away until the pan is dry, but if you make sure you fill the pan up to the suggested level and do not overcook the food, this should not happen.You cannot see the food cooking from the top. It doesn't supply a dish for cooking rice. For serious users of steamers, I recommend having one of each version. If you just want to try it, get the folding stainless-steel type. \n Answer: To inform people of different steamers",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author carry out the survey?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e437de225823427b97bcc974690ddf88",
            "input": "Article: Pingviman Hotel Offering an outdoor pool, Pingviman Hotel offers Thai-style rooms in Chiang Mai. Free WiFi is available through-out and a complimentary service takes guests to the Chiang Mai Night Bazaar. All rooms are equipped with a 48-inch flat-screen cable TV and DVD player. Facilities at this hotel include a business center, a fitness center and laundry services. There is also a tour desk and meeting facilities.  We speak your language! Hotel Rooms:35 Art Mai Gallery Nimman Hotel Situated in Chiang Mai's trendiest area, Art Mai Gallery Nimman Hotel Chiang Mai by Compass Hospitality boasts accommodation in a boutique hotel well-decorated with art works from the renowned local Thai artists. Free WiFi is offered all throughout the property. At Art Mai Gallery Nimman Hotel, guests will find an outdoor pool, a fitness center and massage services. There is also a modern art collection for sale at the lobby area. Hotel Rooms:79 At Chiang Mai At Chiang Mai is a 2-minute walk from Sunday Walking Street. It offers rooms with a bathtub and free WiFi. Guests can relax by the pool or arrange sightseeing trips at the tour desk. Staff at the 24-hour front desk can help guests arrange shuttle service and laundry. A selection of international newspapers and board games is available for guests to enjoy. Home-style Thai and European dishes are served at the restaurant from 07:00 to 23:00 hrs. We speak your language! Hotel Rooms:37 De Chai The Colonial Hotel Stylish colonial design is the trademark   of De Chai Hotel, with its indoor pool and free WiFi. Located along Thapae Road, it is a 5-minute walk from the Sunday Walking Street. Fully air-conditioned and extra spacious, rooms at De Chai are equipped with 37-inch flat-screen TVs, DVD players and iPod docks. Beautiful city views can be enjoyed through the clear floor-to-ceiling windows. Free WiFi is available in all areas. Chang Khlan is a great choice for travelers interested in shopping, night markers and markets. We speak your language! Hotel Rooms: 40 \n Answer: They all provide free WiFi service.",
            "output": [
                "What's the similarity among the four hotels?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-352eae9c49394bdaa0de9ec615bd5ba7",
            "input": "Article: Tokyo University laboratory has developed a robot that never loses at the game of Rock Paper Scissors. That is because its visual processing abilities and fingers work together faster than any human brain. A video of the undefeated robot has been watched by more than 3 million viewers on YouTube since going online at the end of June. Tokyo University engineering professor Masatoshi Ishikawa has a good-natured response to frustrated human losers who accuse him of essentially creating a robot that cheats. \"It is not cheating. Every one millisecond the image processor decides and recognizes the shape the human hand is going to make. And then the robot can make a winnable shape one millisecond later than a human being. Only one millisecond, but a human cannot see this difference because the human eye is very slow,\" explained Ishikawa. At the Ishikawa Oku Laboratory there has been amazing progress which shows the near perfect accuracy of robotics. Such as a robot that can catch a falling egg without breaking it, another one that can tie a knot, and a robot that may not be quite ready for the NBA, but is able to dribble  a ball. In sports such as baseball and cricket, the misses outnumber(......)successes for even the most skilled athletes. That is not so in this award-winning school laboratory. For instance, an intelligent robot is the result of five years of research and a lot of trial and error. And the cost of just one finger on the robot is equal to that of a mini car. The technology obviously has uses beyond fun and games. Corporations are eager to take advantage of the lab's technology for industrial and other practical uses. And there is talk of applying it to assist disabled people and improve human capabilities. \n Answer: It never loses in the game against humans.",
            "output": [
                "What brings the robot so much attention on the YouTube?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-450dc4f572a2498fbc9ed1a0c8e16303",
            "input": "Article: WASHINGTON, Sept. 6 (Xinhua) -- U.S. President Barack Obama on Monday announced a new plan to renew and expand the nation's roads, railways and runways, in a bid   to restart the _ economy and to help create jobs. Obama announced the billion-dollar infrastructure  spending program at an event in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, marking the Labor Day holiday in the United States. The proposal calls for investments over six years, including rebuilding and modernizing 150,000 miles (241,350 kilometers) of roads, 4,000 miles (6,430 kilometers) of railways and 150 miles ( 241 kilometers) of runways. \"It sets up an Infrastructure Bank to leverage(;) federal dollars and focus on the smartest investment. All of this will not only create jobs now, but will make our economy run better over the long haul,\" Obama said. \"This is a plan that will be fully paid for and will not add to the deficit over time,\" said Obama. The U.S. unemployment rate rose to 9.6 percent in August, reflecting business reluctance to hire among uncertain economic prospects, the U.S. Labor Department reported on Friday. The president admitted that new jobs \"have not been coming fast enough\" in the United States. \"These years would be some of the most difficult in our history. The problems facing working families are nothing new, but they are more serious than ever. And that makes our cause more urgent than ever,\" he added. \n Answer: The US president launched a new program aiming at improving the nation's infrastructure.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-49f8d3152ce049cb83aa0f55ff1a9408",
            "input": "Article: City Varieties The Headrow, Leeds. Tel. 430808 Oct 10-11 only A Night at the Varieties.All the fun of an old music hall with Barry Cryer, Duggle Brown, 6 dancers, Mystina, Jon Barker, Anne Dural and the Tony Harrison Trio. Laugh again at the old jokes and listen to your favourite songs. Performances: 8 pm nightly. Admission: L5; under 16 or over 60: L4. York Theatre Royal prefix = st1 /St Leonard's Place, York. Tel. 223568 Sept 23- Oct 17 Groping for Words-- a comedy by Sue Townsend. Best known for her Adrian Mole Diaries, Townsend now writes about an evening class, which two men and a woman attend. A gentle comedy. Admission: First night, Mon: L2; Tues- Fri: L3.25 - 5.50; Sat: L3.50 - 5.75. Halifax Playhouse King's Cross Street, Halifax. Tel. 365998 Oct 10-17 On Golden Pondby Ernest Thompson. This is a magical comedy about real people. A beautifully produced, well-acted play for everyone. Don't miss it. Performances: 7:30 pm. Admission: L2. Mon: 2 seats for the price of one. Grand Theatre Oxford Street, Leeds. Tel. 502116 Restaurant and Cafe    Oct 1-17 The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13. Sue Townsend's musical play, based on her best-selling book. Performances: Evenings 7:45. October 10-17, at 2:30 pm. No Monday performances. Admission: Tues-Thurs: L2- 5; Fri & Sat: L2- 6. \n Answer: Halifax Playhouse.",
            "output": [
                "Which theatre offers the cheapest seat?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe5246c9ce1e46b5857053e3ba0ff849",
            "input": "Article: Homemade Ice Cream in a Bag Difficulty: Very Easy Average User Rating:(4.3/5) Milk can become homemade ice cream in five minutes by using a bag! This homemade, creamy treat is a summertime delight for your kids and you alike. What you'll need: 1 tablespoon of sugar; 1/2 cup of milk; 1/4 teaspoon of vanilla  ; 6 tablespoons of rock salt; 1 small-sized plastic food storage bag; 1 gallon-sized plastic food storage bag; ice cubes. How to make it: l Fill the large bag half full of ice, and add the rock salt. Seal the bag. l Put milk, vanilla, and sugar into the small bag, and seal it. l Place the small bag inside the large one, and seal it again carefully. l Shake until the mixture turns into ice cream, which takes about five minutes. l Wipe the top of the small bag, and then open it carefully. Enjoy! Tips: 1/2 cup of milk will make about one spoon of ice cream, so double the recipe if you want more. But don't increase the amount more than _ --a large amount might be too big for kids to pick up because the ice itself is heavy. Here is another version of the homemade ice cream recipe from another parent! These are the homemade ice cream ingredients: 1/4 teaspoon of vanilla butter and nuts; 1 tablespoon of sugar; 1/2 cup of milk. These are the other supplies: Plastic sandwich bag; 12 salt pellets; 1 dish of ice; large plastic bag. Put the ice cream ingredients in the small bag, and then put the bag, salt and ice in the big bag. Hold the bag shut and move it around on the floor for about 5 minutes. When I made ice cream at home last time, although the salt pellets didn't really dissolve   that well, I still got ice cream. It was not smooth ice cream, probably because of the low-fat milk. It was incredible that it could be ready in 5 minutes (not counting preparing the ingredients) Next, I changed the recipe, using a tablespoon of cocoa, a tablespoon of sugar, and a cup of milk. It was a bit too chocolaty, but good! \n Answer: Nuts",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following things is NOT included in both recipes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-78d7339b01aa42fa9ca0423c6164cfc5",
            "input": "Article: When my friend went to Europe last summer, instead of snapping photographs of the Louvre or the Eiffel Tower or Stonehenge, she brought back 32 rolls of ... cathedral ceilings. Ceilings. For the 10 years I've known her I had never suspected that she was this passionate about stained glass. Still one of the best things about such pictures -- despite their obvious narrow appeal -- is that they can't help but tell us a great deal about the people who took them. So I shouldn't have been surprised when I got the roll of film back from my 5-year-old son's first camping trip. I opened the envelope, naively expecting to see pictures of the nightly campfire, the sun setting over the forest, and possibly even a deer or two. Instead, I saw an off-center picture of tennis shoes. Not even his tennis shoes, mind you, but a pair someone had lost and left in the cabin. Mystery shoes. And that's not all. As I went through the stack, I found that my son had also taken a picture of his sleeping bag, a penny he found in the gravel next to the car, a leaf, an orange sock, a close-up of his father's ear, a burned hot dog, his thumb, a piece of gum, and many other similar things. There was barely one sign of nature in the whole stack. I couldn't help thinking that if he'd wanted pictures of assorted junk, it would've been cheaper had he spent the weekend in our back-yard. AT LEAST that is what I thought until I showed the photographs to my ceiling-snapping friend, the mother of three teenagers, who said simply, \"There's nothing wrong with these.\" But of course, this is just the type of answer you'd expect from someone who photographs ceiling. Then she told me about the time her daughter went to Yosemite Valley and returned with rolls of photographs of the hotel, restaurant, and gift shop. She also told me about the time her son took his camera to a Major League Baseball game and returned with 24 pictures of cloud formations. I had a feeling she was just trying to make me feel better. Then again, to a 5-year-old boy, finding a penny is more exciting than seeing a squirrel. And why would he waste good film on something like, say, some endangered water buffaloes, when he could take a picture of cool tennis shoes? Or his shiny new green sleeping bag? Face it: Things like beautiful sunsets and campfires can't compare to a bag of extra-large marshmallow. So I did what any good mother would do: I marked the date on the back of the pictures and slid them into our family vacation photo album -- right after the five pages of ice sculptures I took last year on our cruise to the Bahamas. \n Answer: Every man has his hobby-horse.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following proverbs best displays the author's final thought?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-499ac34cc8e3478586024ef9dc573a7a",
            "input": "Article: There is an English saying that goes, \"he who laughs last, laughs the hardest.\" High School Musical star and teen heartthrob  Zac Efron is laughing a lot these days.   As a young boy, Efron was picked on in school because he was always the smallest in his class and teased because he had a big space between his teeth. In the sixth grade, Efron's basketball team made it to the league championships. In double overtime  , with three seconds left, he rebounded the ball and passed it to the wrong team! They scored and his team lost the game.   But history, as they say, is a thing of the past. Now at 21, Efron is one of People magazine's 100 Most Beautiful People, graces the cover of Entertainment Weekly, Hollywood's most influential magazine, and is traveling the world promoting the third High School Musical film. Director Adam Shankman described Efron as \"arguably the biggest teen star in America right now.\" Simply google \"Zac Efron\" and you get more than 14 million responses. Yes, it seems Efron has a lot to smile about these days.   Efron was born and raised in California. He took school seriously. According to Efron, \"he would flip out if he got a B and not an A in school, and that he was a class clown.\" It was his father who encouraged him to act. He took part in school performances and with a local theater group. He also took singing lessons. He graduated from high school in 2006 and was admitted to the University of Southern California to study film. But he deferred --why study movies when you can star in them.   Now he has signed on to star in the romantic comedy Seventeen Again and to play in the remake of the hugely popular movie, Footloose. Efron is also earning more than $3 million for his role in High School Musical 3. Not bad for a 21-year-old. But Efron still remembers those bullies.    \"You always have to remember that bullies want to bring you down because you have something that they admire,\" Efron said. \"Also, when you get made fun of, when people point out your weaknesses, it's an opportunity for you to rise above.\"    Efron has risen all the way to the top of the movie business. And he can now laugh all the way to the bank. \n Answer: He who laughs last laughs the hardest",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following might be the best title to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fa2ccfbf717a45c59bb658b83803393c",
            "input": "Article: Family Vs Technology Modern technology certainly changes family behavior, but does it really damage family life as many people fear? Not necessarily, says Dr. Silva, a professor in Sociology  at the Open University, she also argues it is wrong to assume technology erodes(,) the quality of family life. \"There is the idea that technology has an influence on the family and the family suffers. My take is quite different,\" she explains. \"Technological change happens because people's lives change. And it is people's choices of how to live that creates processes of innovation  as well. The family has a role like the economy or like technology itself in changing the world. The imagination is important in driving the things technologists want to find for our daily lives. People desire to see nature as it is, so color television comes about,\" she says. In another case, the increase in working mothers helped create a market for labor-saving kitchen equipment. \"The time that women have to shop every day for food is no longer available so there is a need to have a refrigerator for food storage,\" says Dr. Silva. \"The need to cook that food more easily and quickly, means you have developments in cooking technology like the microwave oven . The microwave oven already existed because it was developed for the navy during World War Two but it wasn't used in ordinary families until the early 1980s. \"Technologies for housework were as important as those for work itself,\" she says, \"So washing machines, refrigerators and microwave ovens are terribly important. We couldn't imagine what life would be like if we didn't have them.\" Technological changes in the kitchen have played an important role in the changes of family behavior, creating a new social focus in the home. \"With advanced technology, you can feed the family in an easier manner. People can do housework with less difficulty. But that doesn't mean that family practices are not important -- it's just a different way of doing things.\" \n Answer: Optimistic .",
            "output": [
                "What is Dr. Silva's attitude towards the effect that technology has on family life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7923601a947441ba87d80813694aaa27",
            "input": "Article: Mary Master man, a senior at West Moore High School in prefix = st1 /Oklahoma City, was named the winner Tuesday of the annual Intel Science Talent Search.      More than 1,700 high school seniors across the nation entered the competition, which is in its 66th year.       Spectrographs, which measure  wave lengths, are used in research such as astronomy and medicine and in industry. For example, they can be used as a sensing equipment to look for explosives or drugs or to help determine how old an art work is through its powders.       They can cost as much as $100,000, but Masterman's invention--made of lenses, a laser, aluminum tubing and a camera--cost less than $1,000, Intel said.       Masterman received the honor from Intel Corp. Chairman Craig Barrett during a banquet Tuesday night inWashington.       \"It was a complete surprise,\" Masterman said. \"I wasn't expecting it.\"       Masterman said she has been interested in science ever since she was little. She couldn't remember ever not being interested. _        She said she has not decided where she will attend college but would eventually like to become a physicist or chemist.       Among the former winners of the competitions top award are six Nobel Laureates , three National Medal of Science winners, 10 MacArthur Foundation Fellows and two Fields Medalists.       \"You're not only dealing with the top young person in the science field in the country in Mary, but you're dealing with 40 finalists who are doing breaking--edge research in total,\" said Brenda Musilli, Intel's director of education. \"It's really something that's hard to imagine, how a young person like Mary could even achieve this level of capability at such a young age.\" \n Answer: Spectrograph recognizes the \"fingerprints\".",
            "output": [
                "What is probably the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f6cbd21a605c4e8aa9684f56495af881",
            "input": "Article: When I was 18, I had a motorbike accident that put me in a coma for three months. The doctors said there was little chance of my coming out of it, but my identical twin, Marcus, didn't believe them and carried on talking to me. My first words when I came to myself were, \"Hello, Marcus. \"Even though I had no memory of my own name, or that the woman crying at my bedside was my mother, I knew Marcus immediately; it was like a genetic memory. just felt close to him. As weeks went by, I still could remember nothing before the accident. Marcus was the only person I could relate to. I had to relearn everything, and Marcus helped me. Because of my twin I wasn't scared of having lost my memory; I believed everything he said. He became my memory, telling me about my school, friends, previous girlfriends and holidays, showing me family photographs, and telling me how perfect I was. With his encouragement I slowly recovered and tried to become the person everyone around me loved. Then years later, when my memories flooded back, I learned that I was anything but perfect--I was troublesome, selfish, and now very angry with Marcus for having lied to me. But finally I understood. Out of love, Marcus had chosen not to tell me about my dark side. He wanted me to have a fresh start--and in fact I had one. Thanks to him, I was able to get married and have kids. I'm 46 now, and feel as if I'm in the third stage of my life. I know all there is to know, and wouldn't want it any other way. \n Answer: Thoughtful.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words best describes Marcus?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-49d603391d8d45e3b307d27c5733b8c4",
            "input": "Article: Sons who have fond childhood memories of their fathers are more likely to be emotionally stable in the face of day-to-day stresses, according to psychologists who studied hundreds of adults of all ages. \"As our study shows, fathers do play a unique and important role in the mental health of their children much later in life,\" psychology professor Melanie Mallers of California State University said.               For this study, 912 adult men and women between the ages of 25 and 74 completed short daily telephone interviews about that day's experiences over an eight-day period. The interviews focused on the participants' psychological and emotional distress   (i.e.whether they were nervous, sad, etc.) and if they had experienced any stressful events that day.               The participants were also required to answer questions such as, \"How would you rate your relationship with your mother during the years when you were growing up?\" and \"How much time and attention did your mother give you when you needed it?\" The same questions were asked about fathers.               People who reported they had a good mother-child relationship reported three percent less psychological distress compared to those who reported a poor relationship, according to Mallers. Men who reported having a good relationship with their fathers during childhood were more likely to be less emotional when reacting to stressful events in their current daily lives than those who had a poor relationship, according to her findings.               Also, the quality of mother and father relationships was significantly associated with how many stressful events the participants faced on a daily basis. In other words, if they had a poor childhood relationship with both parents, they reported more stressful incidents over the eight-day study when compared to those who had a good relationship with their parents.               Mallers explained why healthy or unhealthy relationships may have an effect on how people handle stress as adults. \"Perhaps having caring parents equips children with the experiences and skills necessary to more successfully navigate their relationships with other people throughout childhood and into adulthood,\" she said. \n Answer: It paid close attention to the effect of fathers on their children.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the study from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c7e68af3eda048a089a5807e92ee70d7",
            "input": "Article: Scientists estimate that more than 60 percent of cancer deaths in the United States are preventable through lifestyle changes. Although there is no certain way to avoid all cancers, reducing individual risk factors greatly decreases the likelihood of getting many forms of this dangerous disease. The American Chemical Society estimates that smoking causes nearly 30 percent of all cancer deaths in the United States -- that is, about 166,000 cancer deaths each year. All cancer deaths caused by tobacco smoking could be prevented completely by not smoking and not using smokeless tobacco. For those who already smoke, quitting will reduce the risk of developing cancer. Studies show that after about ten years of not smoking, a past smoker's risk lowers to about the level of those who have never smoked. After quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet is the best way to lower the risk of cancer. Certain foods have been found to protect against cancer. Among these foods are cabbages, tomatoes, soy products, and foods high in vitamins A, C, and E. In addition, green and possibly black teas contain compounds that protect the body from cancer-causing substance. To lower cancer risk, diets should include little or no red meat. Other foods to avoid or consume in moderation   include sugar, fat from animal products, and salt. Added fats and oils should come from vegetables, such as olives or corn, rather than from animal sources. Carbohydrates   should come from whole grains, such as brown rice and whole wheat bread, rather than from processed foods, such as white rice and white bread. The risk of cancer of the esophagus   increases with heavy alcohol consumption, and many studies suggest that consuming alcoholic drinks increases the risk of breast cancer as well. Studies show that limiting intake to two drinks a day for men, and one drink per day for women, reduces cancer risk. Low levels of physical activity have been implicated   in some cancer. Moderate activity for 30 minutes a day enhances the immune system, shortens the time food takes to move through the intestines  , and changes body composition and hormone levels. Researchers are studying how these effects might lower cancer risk. \n Answer: Once a smoker has stopped smoking, there is almost no chance for cancers.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-110344f3404344ebb3fc4afb1f42adfa",
            "input": "Article: The SAT is one of two major tests for the entrance to American colleges and universities. The other test is called the ACT. More than 2 million students take the SAT yearly, including about 100,000 foreign students. The organization of the SAT will change the entrance test in 2016. The College Board announced that the new SAT will no longer test students on rarely used words. But it will include passages from American historical documents or from writings on freedom and human rights. The College Board says words on the new test will be related to usage. Students will be asked to tell the meaning of words according to the context of the reading passages. Nigerian student Peace Umoru is in her first year at Howard University. She says the rarely used words are the hardest part for international students. The new test will be easier because of the reform. Eddie West is with the College Board. He says the new test will better predict a student's performance in college. The changes are moving the test in a positive direction. The new SAT pays more attention to skills and abilities that students need to succeed. The addition of material about American historical documents could make the test harder for international students. After all, they live in different countries with different cultures. But it's a good chance for them to understand the Declaration of Independence or Martin Luther King's work, or anything else that might be tested. Students from other countries, particularly those who did not grow up learning English, may feel it is more difficult. For them, the test is in a foreign language. But the College Board says it has formed a free, online educational service. Khan Academy will provide preparation material linked to the newly designed SAT. \n Answer: The proper meaning of the words in the passages.",
            "output": [
                "What will be tested in the new SAT?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-080228ff9e8240b1bf5e7e92086c14c9",
            "input": "Article: When his book Little Princes begins, Conor Grennan is planning a year-long trip around the globe, a journey that began with a three-month volunteer service at the Little Princes Children's home, an orphanage  in Nepal.               When he arrived at the orphanage, Conor was immediately welcomed by all the children even though he had no previous experience in working with children. He quickly grew to love the job. But it wasn't long before Conor came to learn that the children were not orphans at all -- they were actually children who had been separated from their parents by a child trafficker .               This realization turned Conor's global journey into a strong desire to try to find a way to reunite these children with their families. As a part of his efforts, Conor did a great amount of work when he was back in America. He started up a nonprofit organization called Next Generation Nepal(NGN), raising funds in order to buy a house in Nepal for another children's home. Then, back in Nepal, he began a life-changing trek  into the remote villages in the mountains of Humia.               It is really amazing to read about Conor communicating with the children and to read his descriptions of each of them. He made me truly care about the kids. I wanted them to be able to reunite with their families, too! Unfortunately, this was simply not possible for some of the children. But there were some children who received amazing surprises. Jagrit, for example, had thought for years that both his parents were dead. So, Conor was dumbfounded when he visited Jagrit's village and was introduced to the boy's father!               Conor successfully found many of the families of the children. Also, he was successful in finding his future wife while in Nepal. \n Answer: Many children ended up there due to illegal trade.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Little Princes Children's Home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6d218f5e340046e8ba50e371d8ef4c82",
            "input": "Article: Though I have traveled in hundreds of trains, few unusual things have ever happened to me. But one day in a train something did happen. I do not mean that I was hurt: no one was hurt. I do my work in a hot country far away from England. Every September I go there to do my business, and every July I come back to England to have a rest. So every September I go to Paris and take a train from the great French city to Mendova, and at Mendova I catch my ship. There is one very fast train from Paris to Mendova, and it suits me well. It goes as far as Endoran, but it stops at Mendova for a few minutes to let travelers get out or in. It is called The Flying Bluebird. It reaches Mendova at seven minutes past nine in the morning, and it is never late. A ship leaves Mendova at half past eleven, and so you will understand that The Flying Bluebird suits me very well. I always travel by it, and I have nearly two and a half hours at Mendova to go from the station to the ship. That is more than enough time. Well, one September night, I took my place in The Flying Bluebird as usual. The train leaves Paris at nine o'clock every night, and I was in my place soon after half past eight. There were three or four people there with me, but very soon a lot of others got into the train. When no more people could sit down, they began to stand up near us and also in the corridor . In a short time the corridor was full too, and it was impossible for any more travelers to get into the train. I could see a lot of other people outside the corridor windows, but they could not get in, and the train left Paris without them. The man sitting next to me started to ask all kinds of questions: \"Where do you work? How long does it take you to get there? Are you married? How many children do you have? How much money do they pay you every year? How much do you have in the bank? How much do you spend every month?\" He asked questions for about twenty minutes but I did not give him any clear answers, and at last he stopped and began to read the paper. I usually sleep quite well in the train, but this time I slept only a little. There were too many people, and there were too many things: small bags, large bags, coats, hats, boxes, newspapers and food. As usual, we got angry about the window. Most people wanted it shut, and two of us wanted it open. But that always happens. It was shut all night, as usual. When I awoke in the early morning I felt hot and dirty, and glad that the journey was reaching its end. At seven minutes past nine The Flying Bluebird stopped. We were at Mendova, and I stood up thankfully. I took my two suitcases, held one in each hand, and tried to move towards the door into the corridor. In order to get out of the train, I had to pass down the corridor to the door at the far end. There was no other way out. I could not even into the corridor. There was a suitcase on the floor by my feet, and three men were standing in my way. I felt a touch of fear. I had to get out, you see; I had to catch my ship, which left at half past eleven. And the train did not stop again until it reached Endoran, two hundred miles away. \"I must get out!\" I cried. Everyone there understood me, but no one could move. At last I was able to put one foot over the suitcase on the floor, and I nearly reached the door into the corridor. But then, very slowly, the train began to move. It was taking me away! \"Stop!\" I cried. \"I want to get out!\" But no one outside the train could hear me, and the people inside did not care much. The train moved a little faster. What could I do? I was not even in the corridor. Fear made me think quickly. In front of my eyes, just, above the door, was a notice that told everyone how to stop the train. I had to pull an iron thing near the notice. I did not waste time. I pulled it. Well, _ That was to show everyone that there was something wrong. It was not a small sound. Possibly the men in my ship two miles away could hear it. Then the train stopped. No one likes to stop a train if there is no need. But I had to catch my ship. That was the only thought in my mind: to get out and catch my ship. \n Answer: The author didn't like the man's foolish questions",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the author and the man sitting next to him?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19dcef467e15420cab36cea282b57ea8",
            "input": "Article: Millions of girls grow up with the hope of becoming a famous singer. Some even win local talent competitions as children, but only a few such early successes and dreams turn into reality. Jessica Andrews is one of the few whose dreams have come true. Andrews, first taste of success came at the age of 10. She won a talent competition in her home town of Huntingdon, Tennessee, singing I Will Always Love You, originally sung by Whitney Houston. Houston's version of the song appeared on The Bodyguard sound track, which happened to be the first album Andrews ever bought. Within two years, talk of Andrews had spread to Nashville and caught the attention of producer Byron Gallimore, whose credits include work with Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, and Jo Dee Messina. With Gallimore signed on to produce, Andrews soon had a recording contract  with Dream Works' Nashville label. Andrews' professional career was launched with 1999's Heart Shaped World, recorded when she was 14 years old. The album included the country hit I Will Be There For You, which also appeared on The Prince Of Egypt . She followed up the release of the album by touring as a support act for such country superstars as Faith Hill and Trisha Yearwood. With the release of 2001's, Who I Am, Andrews became a star in her own right. The album was certified  gold for sales of 500,000 copies. Andrews returned in April 2003 with Now,an album that she promised would show a new side of the young artist. \"This album has a very different feeling for me,\" she said. \"It's a lot more personal and there's a confidence that wasn't quite there on the first two. I feel especially connected to this group of songs.\" \n Answer: Byron Gallimore",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, who mostly helped Andrews to achieve success ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b882b9ce7c8040e6baf9ce99bb3c5ebd",
            "input": "Article: 1234 PENS is your No. 1 source for promotional pens, advertising pens, and logo pens. We have been in business since 1976, so you can be confident that you're dealing with a trusted name in the industry.  Everyone loves a free pen, and by providing your customers with a pen featuring your company name, logo, or message, you can be sure that your company name will always be on their mind! Our custom imprinting service comes at no extra charge, so the price you see is the price you pay for the personalized pens.  Do you need pens fast? In a rush for trade shows or a corporate events? Try our 48-hour promotional pens rush service free of charge. We present you with many styles and types of printed pen. Let us know which promotional pen you like and within 48 hours you will have the pens.  Want to use the traditional method of promotional pens to reach out to customers, but don't want to cause more damage to the environment? 1234 PENS now offers eco-friendly advertising pens to suit any company's promotional needs. 1234 PENS can confidently offer products which are made from eco-friendly materials, including paper, cardboard, cornstarch, pine, bamboo and even recycled plastic water bottles. 1234 PENS offers a selection of eco-friendly retractable and stick-type ballpoint pens, mechanical pencils and highlighters, all for less than $2. 00 each. Imprinting of logos and corporate information is available in sixteen different color1s. Each pen has the universal recycling symbol printed on it, showing clients the company's commitment to the environment.  Feel free to call us at 8447367 or email us info@1234PENS. com if you have any question. \n Answer: It has a history of over 30 years.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about 1234 PENS?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4257f3f019c94492bfd576da71d71896",
            "input": "Article: Most people buy a lot of gifts just before Christmas. But some people think we buy too much. They have started a special day called Buy Nothing Day. They don't want anyone to go shopping on that day. Buy Nothing Day is November 29. It's 25 days before Christmas. It's after Thanksgiving Day and often the first day of Christmas shopping. At this time, we see ads in Newspapers and on TV telling us to \"buy, buy, buy!\" The idea for Buy Nothing Day started in Vancouver, British Columbia. Now people all over the world celebrate Buy Nothing Day. In California, parents and children get together to read stories, sing songs, and paint pictures. The children talk about why they don't need a lot of toys. This year, in Manchester, England, people dressed up in costumes  to tell people that we buy too much. In Albuquerque, New Mexico, high school students wanted to tell other students about Buy Nothing Day. They organized a spaghetti dinner to give people information about Buy Nothing Day. They asked restaurants in the neighborhood to donate  the food. They made posters and talked to other students about it. The dinner was a big success, and many students agreed not to buy anything on November 29. The students at high schools liked the idea of this new tradition. Next year, they want to have another dinner to tell more people about Buy Nothing Day! \n Answer: The first day after Christmas.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the day for people to celebrate Buy Nothing Day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-36c8d2365fd8440d9c5de2a00c7e238c",
            "input": "Article: The picture-like island is rich in scenic beauty. Barbados sightseeing is a photographer's dream that comes true with numbers of natural wonders, breathtaking scenic views, attractive gardens and miles of white, sandy beaches. There's so many things to see and to do, as you check out some of the places of interest on the island. Historical Appeal Experience Full of historical appeal you'll love the impressive collection of beautiful great houses, landmarks, old churches, and traditional ancient houses some of which may date back to the 16th century. Historic Bridgetown, over 375 years old, capital of Barbados, is located with its color1ful fishing boats and splendid yachts ( ) . Check out the Barbados National and see some of the island's most beautiful homes. Nature Charm Enjoyment Nature lovers will find the Botanical Garden, as well as the wonderful landscapes of the tropical plants and flowers, a welcome addition to their trip. Nature paths, rocky caves and local wildlife will make these tours relaxing. A guided island tour is of excellent value for money as well as informative changes from scenic, fun-filled, historic tours to exciting safari tours. If seeing the island from a different point is what you want to do, then try one of our sea tours, air tours or underwater tours to enjoy what sea plants and animals it can offer. Rental Drive Adventure If you rent a car, here are a few things to remember. The roads, thin and rocky, are sometimes leading nowhere and often unmarked. You might think of some possible dangers. But don't get upset if you get lost-everybody does, even locals, Bajans ! If you make a wrong turn, consider it is a part of the adventure of touring Barbados. You might want to pick up any of the several visitors' guides which include maps. For more detailed information, please contact us by either of the following: Tel: (246) 427-1952 0r 436-7189 Fax: (246) 436-2234 \n Answer: Landmarks and tropical plants.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the followings is the sightseeing of Historic Bridgetown?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eaa9bdea3fb944e0a0cdbe8bc526bfe4",
            "input": "Article: The southwest of Australia has been named as one of 25\"hot spots\" for future species extinction because of global warming.A new study says global warming will become a top cause of extinction across the world,with thousands of species of plantsand animals likely to be wiped out in the coming decades. According to the study,global warming ranks among the most serious threats to the planet's biodiversity and,under some conditions,may be more than that due to deforestation.This study provides even stronger scientific evidence that global warming will result in catastrophic species losses across the planet.Last month,a UN study said humans were responsible for the worst extinction and urged extra efforts to reach a UN target of slowing the rate of losses by 2010. Scientists disagree about how far global warming is to blame compared with other human threats such as deforestation,pollution and the introduction of some species to new habitats.But the new study looks at the 25 \"hot spots\"--areas that contain a big concentration of plants and animals--and predicts that 11.6 percent of all species,with a range from 1 to 43 percent,could be driven to extinction if levels of heat trapping gases in the atmosphere were to keep rising in the next 100 years. The range would mean the loss of thousands of species.The study gave a wide range because of uncertainties, for instance, about the ability of animals or plants to move towards the poles if the climate warmed. Rare plants,tortoises or birds found only on the southern tip of Africa cannot move south because the nearest land is thousands of miles away in Antarctica. \n Answer: Australia will have the highest temperature in the world.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage,which of the following about Australia is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-485b5931282243e8a9dc44f0fc332737",
            "input": "Article: The slogan \"a dog is for life, not just for Christmas\" has been going strong for 27 years now. Dogs and cats have been popular Christmas gifts in the gifts in the UK and Europe for many years. But some people still haven't quite got the message. The slogan still holds good. Some 105,000 dogs were _ by local government last year because they had been abandoned, many of them shortly after the festival season. The main reason given by owners for handing their dogs over to the Dogs Trust is that the dogs need more attention than they can give; behavioral problems and moving home are also reasons given. But Eleanor Silk, the Trust's communications director, says, \"It's often four or five months after Christmas, in early summer, when owners find that the dog has got too big and too active, or it hasn't been trained properly and has caused damage around the home.\" In any case, some organizations that help pets are quick to point out that if you are serious about getting a puppy  as a pet, Christmas is not the time to do it. Puppies need to get used to their new surroundings, to be introduced to a routine, and to be looked after like small children. It's hard to meet any of these needs at Christmas. What's more, pulling a puppy out of a Christmas stocking in itself sends the wrong message to children. It encourages children to think of the puppy as a toy, rather than a responsibility. Appreciating what you're taking on with a dog can be a sobering   realization. \"For life\" means thinking about the effect they'll have on your life. It also infers you will need to care for the dog for its whole life. \n Answer: A pet is for Life, Not just for Christmas.",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-56decbad1fc54633a76f2131aefca9f3",
            "input": "Article: Beijing (Xinhua) -- In 2010, some 108,000 people returned to the Chinese mainland from abroad, a number that had risen 56.2 percent from the previous year, according to statistics recently published by the Ministry of Education.        \"For Chinese employers, a 70 percent willingness to hire overseas workers, although that is still lower than the average rate of 76 percent for Asia, is quite a high figure when compared with the past,\" said Emma, regional director of Hays in Hong Kong and the mainland, who was in charge of the survey .        Company executives , she said, have recently come to prefer hiring Chinese natives who have returned home after studying or working elsewhere.Expatriates  have fallen to a second choice, she said.        In the past, expatriates and returned Chinese have earned three to four times as much money as Chinese residents who do not have overseas experience.Expatriates would often rise to the senior positions within an company, while returned Chinese could find positions as mid-level executives with   ease.        But all overseas job candidates, especially those who lack practical experience, are gradually losing their advantages among a trend of pay increases in China.        In 2010, the country recorded the greatest rise in wages in Asia.Of all Chinese employees surveyed that year, 68 percent said they had received a raise worth 3 percent to 10 percent of their salaries, according to the survey.        Moreover, 51 percent of the Chinese surveyed were expecting to get raises of 6 to 10 percent in 2011, and 33 percent thought their income increase will go beyond 10 percent.        \"Now it's common in many companies to see overseas candidates earning the same salaries as their Chinese coworkers,\" said Emma.\"Even some experienced expatriates, on average, earn only 20 percent more than their Chinese peers.\"        Emma said overseas workers with little work experience no longer enjoy a great advantage over graduates of Chinese universities.But those with two to three years of work experience are still \"red-hot\".        There are now about 45 million native Chinese living outside the country, the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council said on Jun 16, 2010. \n Answer: A fast increasing number of Chinese returned from abroad.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of this article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4cf7e0d7112841e0b7a16410606533a5",
            "input": "Article: Almost 70 percent of Chinese middle school students have serious problems with their parents, the Beijing Morning Post quoted a survey as saying. The survey showed 6.62 percent of the surveyed students are afraid of their parents while 13.13 percent of them dislike their parents and 56.28 percent were extremely disgusted with or even hate their parents. Only 4.75 percent of the young people surveyed said they like their parents. The recently conducted survey among 3,000 middle school students in a Beijing district asked questions about their attitude toward their parents and family education, the paper said. For many families, conflict between parents and children center on the student's school grades, their weight and their friends. The survey showed that parental influence over children is decreasing, the paper said. Xiao Xiao, a third year junior middle school student is perhaps typical of most kids when she complains; \"I was scolded by my mother because I didn't come first in the class in a mid-term exam.\" Xiao Xiao in fact is already one of the top students in her class, the paper said, stressing Xiao Xiao's parents hope she can study at the Beijing University or even attend Harvard in the future. Sun Yunxiao, an expert with the China Youth and Children Research Center, said \"parents expect unrealistically high expectations from their children.\" The research centre's own survey of parents showed about 55 percent of parents hope their children will study for a doctoral degree and 83.6 percent require their children to rank in the top 15 of their class. Conflicts between parents and their children not only come from too high education expectations. Other causes of disconnection between parents and children are family violence, parents' old fashioned ideas, interference in a child's privacy including their choice of friends and time spent surfing the web, the paper said. Mr Hu, a father of a middle school student, wasn't surprised by the survey results. He says too much concern over school marks is putting tremendous pressure on families. \n Answer: 168840",
            "output": [
                "How many young people surveyed said they like their parents?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-989c3f8d513148bdbe87e34f917889be",
            "input": "Article: Love Is Just a Thread      Sometimes I really doubt whether there is love between my parents.Every day they are very busy trying to earn money to pay the high tuition for us.They don't act in the romantic ways that I read in books or I see on TV.\" I love you\" is too luxurious for them to say .Sending flowers to each other on Valentine's Day is even more  _ .My father is easy to lose his temper, especially when he's very tired from the hard work.      One day, my mother was sewing a quilt.I silently sat beside her and asked her if there was love between them.\" What?\" she replied, still doing her work.My mother stopped her work and raised her head with surprise.She didn't answer immediately.Then she bowed her head and continued sewing the quilt.I was in a great embarrassment and I didn't know what to do.But at last I heard my mother say the following words: \" Look at this thread.Sometimes it appears, but most of it disappears in the quilt.The thread really makes the quilt strong and durable.If life is a quilt, then love should be a thread.It can hardly be seen anywhere or anytime, but it's really there.Love is inside.\" I listened carefully but I couldn't understand her until the next spring.       My father suddenly got sick seriously.My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month.When they returned from the hospital, they both seemed as if they had a serious illness.Every day in the morning and dusk, my mother helped my father walk slowly on the country road.It seemed they were the most harmonious couple.There were many beautiful flowers, green grass and trees, and the sun gently glistened  through the leaves.All of these made up the most beautiful picture in the world.When we were worrying about him, he said gently: \" I really like walking with your mom.I like this kind of life.\" Reading his eyes, I know he loves my mother deeply.        Once I thought love meant flowers, gifts and sweet kisses.But from this experience, I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life.Love is inside, making life strong and warm. \n Answer: Because \" I love you\" is too luxurious for them to say",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author sometimes doubt that there is real love between her parents?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-83eb6b858a51413f9de188d66bfd6178",
            "input": "Article: China, known as the \"kingdom of bicycle\", will see a quick growth in electric bicycle production in the next five years thanks to the country's efforts to save energy and improve the environment. The output of electric bikes is expected to maintain an annual growth rate of at least 80 percent in the coming five years. China will _ 30 million electricity-driven bikes in 2020, compared to 9 million bikes last year, according to a report from the Development Research Center under the State Council and other ministries such as the National Development and Reform Commission. The central government wants to reduce the amount of energy consumption   by as much as 20 percent within the next five years. That would be achieved through the introduction of new sources of energy and encouraging people to save energy, China Daily reported. The smoke from car exhausts   is a major cause of pollution darkening the sky in Chinese cities, especially Beijing. On Monday, industrial experts called on the government to come up with more preferential   measures to spread the use of electric bikes in China. Electric bike production in China accounts for about 90 percent of the world's total, making China the world's biggest producer, consumer and exporter of the energy-efficient vehicle, the report said. The country last year sold about 3 million electric bikes to foreign countries, a figure expected to double in five years. By 2020, the production value of the electric bike industry in China is expected to be 70 billion yuan, almost four times of the current level. \n Answer: Because the central government encourages people to save energy.",
            "output": [
                "Why will there be a quick growth in electric bicycle production in the next five years in China?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-025cbabe65f0487c978c6b9939309aa4",
            "input": "Article: Going green seems to be a fad  for a lot of people these days.Whether that is good or bad,we can't really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a life style. On April 22,2011,we decided to be green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 diffenent things to do and this was no easy task. With the idea of going green every single day a year,Our Greean Year started. My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all green things that could be done to help the environment. We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps. Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles. We now shop at organic  stores. We consume less meat,choosing green food. We have greatly reduced our buying we don't need. We have given away half of what we owned through websites.Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners. We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread. In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished. Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others. We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planets. \n Answer: Going green",
            "output": [
                "What might be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-525edbf7f9f048789245beb299ae68e0",
            "input": "Article: Claressa was getting ready for a fight. She had boxed many times before. But this time, the prizes were higher than ever. If she won this fight, Claressa would win a spot on the US Olympic Women's Boxing Team. The fight was difficult. Claressa was up against a two-time US champion. \"Her whole game plan was to hold me against the ropes so I wouldn't hit her,\"says Claressa. Claressa didn't give up. She won the fight. And that wasn't all. She also won the title of outstanding fighter for the whole tournament! Claressa, now 17, started boxing when she was just 11. She was inspired by her dad. He had been a fighter when he was younger. But when she first told her dad that she wanted to box, he didn't support her. \"He told me, 'No! No! Boxing is a man's sport,'\" Claressa remembers. \"It made me so mad.\" Claressa wouldn't back down. \"I wanted to fight. I knew that whatever I put my heart and my work into, I was going to be successful at it,\" she says. Finally, her dad took her to the boxing gym to start training. She was the only girl. \"Everybody was looking at me,\" she says. Claressa didn't worry about fitting in. She just did her best. Claressa now has a boxing record of 23 wins and zero losses. \"I think you're awesome,\" her dad told her not long ago. He's proud that she proved him wrong.\"I'm still proving people wrong,\" says Claressa. Boxing can be dangerous. How does Claressa feel when she steps into the ring? \"I'm not nervous,\" she says. \"I'm determined and calm.\" She knows it's important to stay confident. \"I've never gotten into the ring thinking that a girl can beat me,\" she adds. But Claressa takes the competition seriously. \"I always tell myself it's going to be harder than I think,\" she says. \"I fight them all like they are world champions. If I think it's going to be easy, I'm done!\"   We asked Claressa to imagine stepping into the ring at the Olympics. Would it feel any different from her other fights? \"No,\" she says. \"Just a fight. Just another girl in my way.\" \n Answer: Claressa had some trouble persuading her father.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-50a1b1e9ae4b48d2b1b270d4900d90f9",
            "input": "Article: Kodak's decision to apply for bankruptcy protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated  the film market for decades, but finally failed to adapt to the digital revolution.  Although many attribute Kodak's downfall to \"complacency  ,\" that explanation doesn't admit the efforts with which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 -- but in a fateful decision, the company chose to focus on its traditional film business.  Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets. For example, although Kodak predicted the rise of digital photography, its culture was too rooted in the successes of the past to fully welcome the future. In the past, their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.  Kodak's downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. The 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which weaken Kodak by offering lower prices. Kodak's decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major loss. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited  its sponsorship to win a key role in the market. \n Answer: It is approaching its downfall.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about Kodak?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4c8170059cc54288b61e3c31e217509f",
            "input": "Article: The Sunset Pasta Cruise  to Emerald Bay Saturday evening, September 25, 2010   You will cruise to Emerald Bay at Sunset, one of the most beautiful places in the world while dining on a Pasta Buffet   and listening to live light dance music.  Buses will pick up Sunset Pasta Cruise diners from the main entrance to the Horizon Casino Resort at: 4:40pm and 5:05pm on Saturday and take you the 1.5 miles to Ski Run Marina for boarding.   Boarding is at Ski Run Marina at 5:15 p.m.  (with departure at 5:45 p.m.), located in South Lake Tahoe.  The cost for the cruise, pasta buffet, live music, and the 2.5-hour cruise to Emerald Bay is $55 (normally $75). The cost for children between 3-11 is $41 and under 3 is free. Must register the under 3 as well for the coast guard count. The Sunset Pasta Cruise will be limited to 200 guests. Large parties will be seated first to insure seating together.  Pick up your Sunset Pasta Cruise tickets at the Expo at the Horizon Casino Resort before 3 p.m. on Saturday. Those unclaimed   will be sold to those on the waiting list at that time. At approximately 5:45 pm any extra spaces will be sold to passengers on the dock.  Children who require a seat must have a ticket as well.  Closest lodging to the Pasta Cruise is:  Super 8, Lakeland Village.  Please note that our sponsor  , the Riva Grill, is on the Lake close to the boarding area for the Tahoe Queen. A great gathering place to meet or to have dinner.  Call Riva Grill (530) 542-2600 for lunch or dinner reservations while you are visiting Lake Tahoe. \n Answer: At about 8:20 pm.",
            "output": [
                "When will the cruise to Emerald Bay end?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a9c638d6f38f4ed28c09a83b4ab9a87f",
            "input": "Article: Silk production has a long and colourful history unknown to most people. Scientific discoveries have shown that silk production existed in China from around 2500 B.C., although it could be much older. For hundreds of years, China kept the secret of silk to itself as one for the most closely protected secrets in history. Anyone revealing the secret of silkworms or trying to take silkworm eggs out of ancient China was punished by death. At one time silk was reserved only for the Chinese emperor. Gradually, others began wearing silk. In addition to being used for clothing, silk came to have industrial uses in ancient China, something that happened in the West only in modern times. Silk was used to make musical instruments, fishing lines, weapons, ropes and even paper. During the Han Dynasty silk became a form of money. Farmers paid taxes in both rice and silk. The prices of goods were calculated in lengths of silk just as they had once been calculated in gold. The importance of silk is even reflected in the Chinese language. For example, of the 5000 most common Chinese characters, around 500 have silk as their \"key\". In spite of their secrecy, the Chinese eventually lost their monopoly on silk production. It reached Korea in around 200 B.C. when immigrants from China arrived there. Silk production came to India in 300 A.D.. It was not until 500 A.D. that silk production came to Europe when travellers _ silkworms in hollow tubes of bamboo. These were used to establish silk industry in Rome (modern-day Italy), although Chinese silk was still considered to be the best. Silk was brought to Rome from China by means of the Silk Road. There were actually two Silk Roads, one over land and one on the sea. The land route in particular had a huge effect in history. All sorts of trade goods -- silver, gold, jade, porcelain -- passed along this road. Ideas travelled the Silk Road too. For example the religion of Buddhism was carried to China from India by traders on the Silk Road. The Silk Road created the first international culture, exposing many people to the ideas and treasures of both Western and Chinese cultures. \n Answer: Chinese passing on the secret to foreigners were seriously punished.",
            "output": [
                "How was China able to keep the secret of silk production?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e8694145f0e843b2a842f94c7ac9a2ed",
            "input": "Article: NOT all math skills are learned in the classroom. Some of them come naturally. Consider the split-second calculations  you make when you estimate   the number of empty seats on the school bus or the number of cookies in a cookie jar. These estimates can often be done without counting. That's because humans are born with the ability to closely guess the number of items in a group. Researchers call this ability a person's \"number sense\". To see how a person's inborn number sense might be linked to mathematical performance in the classroom, psychologist Justin Halberda and his colleagues from Johns Hopkins University in prefix = st1 /Baltimore,USran some tests. The scientists asked 64 14-year-olds to look at images   of yellow and blue dots that flashed on a computer screen for a fraction   of a second. Each image contained between 10 and 32 dots that varied in size. Some images contained twice as many blue dots  as yellow dots. In other images, however, the number of blue and yellow dots was nearly equal. For each image, the students were asked to estimate which color1 had more dots. The scientists found a wide variation in how well students could pick the color1 with the most dots. The scientists then looked at the students' math scores dating back to kindergarten. Children that performed best in the image test also scored the highest in standard math tests. The same finding held true at the other end of the spectrum  . Students who didn't score well on the image test received lower math scores. The study was the first to show a link between a person's inborn number sense and his or her achievement in formal math training. Does this connection mean that one cannot be good in math if they have a weak number sense? Or that having a strong number sense is a guarantee for good grades in math? The answers are not clear. While scientists continue looking at the possible links between a person's number sense and math achievement, one thing is certain: Doing lots of math homework will   _ your chances of success. \n Answer: Those who have a strong number sense are sure to do well in math.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-34f7537a158943b0aca5584f51f1c117",
            "input": "Article: 2016 International Summer School The 2016 University of Cambridge International Summer Schools will run in Cambridge from 6 July to 22 August 2016. Our programs give you the opportunity to meet award-winning lecturers, stay and dine in one of the historic Cambridge Colleges and enjoy a range of weekend excursions and social activities. To sign up for a program simply apply online, or download an application form from our website. Places on courses and in-college accommodation are limited, so we encourage applicants to apply early to avoid disappointment. This year we will be offering specialist programs in: Ancient Empires, Literature, History, Medieval Studies and new for 2016, Creative Writing and Hanseatic League. If you are looking to study a number of different subject areas, the Interdisciplinary Summer School is ideal. It is divided into three terms, Interdisciplinary Summer School Term I, Interdisciplinary Summer School Term II and Interdisciplinary Summer School Term III, covering a wide range of subjects including politics, philosophy, economics, literature, history and international relations. You can _ one or two terms. But most students choose all the three terms. The Cambridge English for Academic Purposes program combines a two-week intensive language course with a two-week academic program. This allows students to put into practice the language skills they have learned during the first two weeks of the program. Applicants will also have the opportunity to sign up for weekend excursions and take part in various events. If you want to join us in 2016, please click here to download a copy of brochure . If you want to find out more information about 2016 International Summer School, you can visit www.ice.cam.ac.uk/intsummer. (CLICK HERE) What our students say \"The entire experience was even better than I expected. I absolutely loved it.\" Sally, USA \"I believe that the Science International Summer School was a fulfilling experience. I think that everyone should attend this Summer School at least once in a lifetime.\" Dominika, Poland \n Answer: They should apply for the program online.",
            "output": [
                "What should people do if they want to sign up for a program in this ad?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad08b9a23dae4cff9370c2e848d66fc0",
            "input": "Article: *1. Malan Flower: China Children's Art Theatre stages a fairy tale musical   \"Malan Flower\" this weekend. Beautiful Malan flowers were blossoming everywhere on Malan Mountain, and hard-working girl Xiao Lan was married to the god of flowers, Ma Lang. They lived a happy life in harmony with Grandpa Tree. and all the lovely little animals. However, greedy Old Cat made use of the jealousy of elder sister Da Lan to kill Xiao Lan, in an attempt to keep the magic Malan flower under her possession. This fairy tale entertained three generations of Chinese youth. Time: 7: 30 p. m., until August 21 Place: The Great Theatre of the Cultural Palace of the Nationalities, west of Xidan Area Tel: 6602-2530 *2. Joyful jugglers: The China Acrobatic Troupe is staging a nightly variety show at the Tiandi Theatre, where the seemingly impossible becomes a reality, where performers spin   plates and juggle umbrellas. Contortionists   show incredible feats of flexibility and acrobats leap through the air. Integrating juggling, unicycling, balancing and jumping through hoops with the finest ancient Chinese dancing, the performance will amuse you. Time: 7: 15 p. m., daily Place: 10 Dongzhimen Nandajie, Chaoyang District Tel: 6502-3984 *3. Tour of love: Taiwan singer David Tao (Tao Zhe), who is on a global tour, will arrive in Beijing next month. Tao Zhe was born into a musical family. His father is an expert in Western pop music while his mother is from a family famous for playing Peking Opera. This probably explains why Too approaches pop music from a unique angle  , which separates him from the average pop singer. With the song \"Forever Love You\" as the theme of the concert, Tao will share his love and ideas for life and music with his fans. Time: 7: 30 p. m. , September 10 Place: Capital Gymnasium, Baishiqiao Lu Tel: 6835-4055 *4. Army artist: An exhibition featuring artist Li Shaozhou's personal and meticulous   style of painting will be held at the National Art Museum of China. Born in Henan Province, Li showed strong interests in art during his childhood, and was a specialized artist in the army. The exhibition will present 65 paintings of modern figures, birds and flowers that he has made over the past decade, during which he has formed his own style by absorbing other painting techniques. Time: 9 a. m. ~ 5 p. m., August 23 ~ 29 Place: 1 Wusi Dajie Tel: 8403-3500 \n Answer: Malan Flower.",
            "output": [
                "Which advertisement will Michael be most interested in if he likes fairy tales?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-39b0d79dd5a34cf5b41d488f8f9c7d26",
            "input": "Article: The United States government has decided that food from cloned  cattle, pigs and goats is safe to eat. The Food and Drug Administration also says it found no risks in meat and milk from cloned animals. The F.D.A. looked at studies for several years before it announced its decision in a final report this month. The United States Department of Agriculture supported the findings. But it says time is needed to clear the way for marketing meat and milk from clones. The F.D.A. will not require any product to be registered  as coming from clones. A producer would need to label   a product \"clone-free\". The agency   says that could be misunderstood because the food is not different from other food. But activists argue that the F.D.A. based its decision on incomplete research into possible risks. The Center for Food Safety criticized the use of studies supplied by cloning companies. Animal rights activists point out that cloning attempts often fail. They say cloning is cruel and can lead to suffering. Congress   has been trying to get the F.D.A. to do more studies. But the agency noted that experts in New Zealand and the European Union had come to the same findings about the safety of food from clones. Japan, South Korea and Taiwan say they want to study it further before taking action. Products from cloning may not be widely used for several years. Clones cost much , which is why they are not widely used for feeding. The Agriculture Department says few clones will ever become food. Their traditionally raised animals would enter the food supply instead. \n Answer: Is Food from Cloned Animals Safe?",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8be31af4935c41a89c853c59bbe75d91",
            "input": "Article: Although most weddings follow long-held traditions, there's still room for American individualism. For example, the usual place for a wedding is in a church. But some people get married outdoors in a scenic spot. A few even have the ceremony while skydiving or riding on horseback! The couple may invite hundreds of people or just a few close friends. They choose their own style of colors, decorations and music during the ceremony. But some things rarely change. The bride usually wears a beautiful long white wedding dress. She traditionally wears \"something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue.\" The groom wears a formal suit. Several close friends participate in the ceremony as attendants, including the best man and the maid of honor. As the ceremony begins, the groom and his attendants stand with the minister, facing the audience. Music signals the entrance of the bride's attendants, followed by the beautiful bride. Nervously, the young couple repeats their vows  . Traditionally, they promise to love each other \"for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health.\" But sometimes the couple has composed  their own vows. They give each other a gold ring to symbolize their marriage commitment. Finally the minister announces the big moment, \" I now pronounce you man and wife. You may kiss your bride!\" At the wedding reception, the bride and groom greet their guests. Then they cut the wedding cake and feed each other a bite. Guests talk with each other while enjoying the cake, drinks and other treats. When the reception is over, the newlyweds run to their \"decorated\" car and speed off. Many couples take a honeymoon, a one- to two-week vacation trip, to celebrate their new marriage. \n Answer: Some people choose their own style of weddings.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best shows American individualism?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ca2d695791614b4598fbf458c347d5ab",
            "input": "Article: A few years ago, I moved into a new house in Los Angeles. Soon after, a family moved in next door. It wasn't the best of times for me. I had just divorced  from my second wife, and I wasn't working. I'd come home each day and sit by myself in the backyard. One night, I heard someone from the yard next door, \"Tom ! How are you, Tom? \" I couldn't see anybody through the trees, but I answered, \"I' m good.\" \"Good!\" said the voice. \"What's your name?\" I asked. \"Eric.\" Then I heard someone say, \"Eric, don't bother him.\" \"Okay!\" Eric said. \"Talk to you tomorrow!\" Months later, on Halloween, we finally met face to face. Eric came to the door dressed like a rap star. We became friends. We'd hang out in our yards, and Eric, who was almost 17 at the time and look liked a 13-year-old, would tell me his ideas and dreams. Eric's dad, Alec Gores, is a billionaire , the head of Gores Technology Group. One day, Alec called me and said, \"I know you are an actor. My son's an actor, too. And he's very good. I want you to write a movie for him. He wants to do something like True lies.\" That's the movie I made in 1994. His father has given Eric the great gif of confidence. He believes he can do anything he wants. He also offered to fund the movie. And that's how The Kid & I, which opens in November, began. Well, I really have to say that opportunity lies anywhere. \n Answer: He often talks with others in the backyard.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about the writer when he had just moved into his new house in Los Angele?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0f10f5604ceb413bb6b62136fda0e7aa",
            "input": "Article: Harry potter and The Hunger Games haven't been big hits for nothing. Lots of teens still read quite a lot. But a study shows a clear decrease over time. Nearly half of 17-year-olds say they read for pleasure no more than one or two times a year. That's way down from ten years ago. The digital revolution   means there are more platforms   than ever to read on. Jim Steyer has been studying the effect of technology on children. He has four kids and has seen the trend most with his 16-year-old. \"I start to see it in our 10-year-old as well, because he is reading less and less, and more and more attracted to some of the digital media platforms that he has access to, and that he didn't have access to when he was 6 or 7 years old,\" he says. The studies don't say that kids are reading less because they're spending more time online. But Steyer is convinced that's at least part of the answer. \"First of all, most children now have access to e-readers, or other smart electronic devices like phones and tablets  ,\" he says. \" And they're spending time on that. Many reports show the increasing use of new technology platforms by kids. It just strikes me as extremely logical that that's a big reason. Researchers want to know more about how teens are spending their time in the digital age. But Kathryn Zickuhr of the Pew Research Center says it's tricky. If a kid is looking at a book, you may think he or she is reading. But when it comes to looking at a smartphone or tablet, who knows? \"We've heard from middle and high school teachers that sometimes the Internet is wonderful for enthusiastic students to do deep research,\" says Zickuhr. \"But on the other side, obviously there are many distractions on the Internet.\" However, Jim Steyer says, \"Kids with parents who read, who buy or take books out of the library for their kids, and who then set time aside in their kids' daily schedule for reading, tend to read the most -- whether it's on a book, an e-book or some other devices.\" \n Answer: They have become more addicted to digital media.",
            "output": [
                "What did Jim Steyer see in his four kids?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b4366c0f2e484371870a86b2e2017d4e",
            "input": "Article: In the last 500 years nothing about people--not their clothes, ideas, or languages has changed as much as what they eat. Chocolate   drink was first made from the seeds of the cacao   tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became popular, In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important places. Some still exist today. The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent   on it that thousands of Irish people starved   when the crop failed during the years of 1845--1846, and thousands more were forced to go to live in America. There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world's largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s. According to an Arabic story, coffee was discovered when a goat keeper named Lakdi noticed that his goats were eating red fruits on a coffee tree. He tried one and experienced the \"wide-awake  \" feeling that one third of the world's population now starts the day with. \n Answer: Foods.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following changed more than others?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6b825e959b864e59b0647d654b947deb",
            "input": "Article: Sure, it's good to get along with your teacher because it makes that time you spend in the classroom more pleasant. And yes, it's good to get along with your teacher because, in general, it's smart to learn how to relate to the different types of people you'll meet throughout your life. But really, there's one super-important reason why you should get along with your teacher. Kids who get along with their teachers not only learn more, but they're more comfortable asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier to understand new material and do your best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to with problems, such as problems with learning or school issues, such as bullying. As a kid in elementary or middle school, you're at a wonderful stage in your life. You're able to take in lots of new and exciting information. Apart from that, you're able to think about all this information in new ways. Your teacher knows that, and in most cases, he or she is thrilled to be the person who's giving you all that material and helping you put it together. Remember, teachers are people, too, and they feel great if you're open to what they're teaching you. That's why they wanted to be teachers in the first place to teach! Some kids may be able to learn in any situation, whether they like the teacher or not. But most kids are sensitive to the way they get along with the teacher, and if things aren't going well, they won't learn as well and won't enjoy being in class. \n Answer: Favorable.",
            "output": [
                "What's the writer's attitude towards getting along with teachers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f64a5074f34e4a06b2ae7150cbbacfa3",
            "input": "Article: One day about 30 years ago, a 2 year-old Chinese boy in Shenyang was watching a Tom and Jerry cartoon on TV. Tom the cat began to play the piano. The music was to beautiful that the boy fell in love with it at once. This little boy was Lang Lang - one of today's great pianists. Lang Lang began to play the piano at 3. By the age of 5, the had won fist place in Shenyang's piano competition and performed his first public recital . People were shocked by his perfect performance and thought he was a real talent. From that time on, playing on the global stage became the dream of Lang Lang and his parents. To help him much closer to his dream, when Lang was 9, his father quit his job and went with Lang to Beijing to help his son study piano. There, Lang did not receive the praise that he had received at home, and he experienced the hardest time of his life.   \"I was kicked out of the class by my piano teacher six months later. It totally destroyed my piano dream,\" Lang said in an interview. Hearing of his son's failure, Lang's father was so angry and upset that told Lang Lang to go back to Shenyang. Feeling hopeless and in pain, Lang tried to damage his fingers. He hated piano! Luckily, another teacher noticed Lang's sadness and encouraged him. Success came soon. Lang's breakthrough came at age 17, when he gained worldwide fame at a well-known concert in 1999 in Chicago, US. \n Answer: In 1987",
            "output": [
                "When did Lang Lang perform his first public recital?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-987620f297964e0887089e812109b401",
            "input": "Article: On the site of the 9/11 tragedy, Irish university professor Elizabeth Stinger Keefe found an image of hope-- a wedding photo of a happy couple and their friends lay among the rubble  of the Twin Towers. As a gesture of goodwill, she decided to try and reunite the picture with either its owner or a  . Every year, on the anniversary of the terrorist attacks, she would make an attempt, posting the picture on social media and asking others to share it. Finally, after a remarkable 13 years, her work paid off. Thanks to the power of social media, her appeal was more widely shared than ever before. A man named Fred Mahe called Ms Keefe after the image went viral -- to tell her that he was in fact in the picture and that all six people photographed were alive and well. He said that the image belonged to him and had been lost in the rubble after 9/11.The photo was originally taken at a friend's wedding in Colorado, earlier in 2001. Mahe said, \"The picture was at my desk in the world Trade Center, Tower Two, on the 77th floor. I never thought it could have been kept safe by Keefe for the last 13 years.\" Mahe said that he was in touch with Keefe over the phone and described the conversation as \"dedication and persistence\" to continue to seek the owner of the photo. \"She kept my photo safe for 13 years in her favorite Ernest Hemingway book, A Moveable Feast.\" Mahe said he wasn't yet at work as the attacks began on 9/11, and, \"thankfully never got a chance to go up to my office.\" And Mahe's wife has even invited Keefe to Thanksgiving dinner. Now the pair have reconnected with a piece of their past as Keefe has finally returned the picture to its rightful owner and has made a new friend in the process. \n Answer: Because she wanted to find its owner.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Keefe want to keep the picture she found?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2c9691ff1bae4438b60dea543a9a978c",
            "input": "Article: When animals and plants use color1 to be noticed it is called advertising color1ation .Advertising color1ation can be used to either warn or attract animals.  The bright color1s of flowers and berries are advertising color1ation that attract animals.Flowers need to be pollinated to reproduce.Bees and hummingbirds are attracted to bright color1s and will pollinate the flowers.Some pollinated plants will produce berries.These berries will turn a bright color1 when they are ripe.The bright color1 lets berry-eating birds know the fruit is sweet and safe to eat.After birds eat the berries,the seeds will pass through their digestive system and be left behind.Some of the seeds left behind will grow into new plants!  Color is also used to attract mates. Many male birds like the northern cardinal are brightly color1ed to attract females.Bright feathers can be a sign of how healthy the bird is! Female birds are naturally attracted to healthier males because their offspring will be healthier.Female birds are often less colorful. This helps hide them when they are nesting.  Advertising color1ation is also used to warn animals away.The ladybug has bright orange wings with black spots.Its color1ing warns meat-eating animals that the ladybug tastes awful. The striped skunk has white stripes that are a warning to meat-eating animals that they may be in for a nasty surprise if they try to attack.  Some animals,like the red-eyed tree frog,may scare prey away with their color1, Red-eyed tree frogs sleep during the day.If a meat-eating animal comes up to them and they open their eyes,the bright red color1 of their eyes might shock the predator long enough to give the red-eyed flog time to hop away to safety. \n Answer: the color1 of the ladybugs tells meat-eating animals they taste terrible",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would the writer probably agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d32b690762b64c4e89cb7256d4f0f116",
            "input": "Article: Crazy is our new normal. With two teenage boys and three little boys, our family is restless--to the baseball field, track field and piano lessons. Even though we've limited each boy's activities and try our best to defend our family time, it seems that we're in a constant state of flight. \"Embrace it. Roll with it,\" my husband, Lonny, says, \"It's going to be like this for a while.\" He is right. It's likely that life will continue to go forward before it slows down. But I remembered the still, quiet days that our family used to enjoy. I missed long walks through the park when we held the boys' little hands. I longed for  lazy Saturday afternoons under the tree in our backyard. I wanted to slip back a few years, when busyness was the exception and not the rule. One night, after a particularly full day and evening games, our family gathered on the porch for ice cream. Two parents, two teens, and three small boys piled on one old swing and a couple of rocking chairs. We were together, in one place, for a small slice of time. The moon was full. The Mississippi River, flowing past our home, was smooth as glass. I wrapped my own arms around the son who sat on my lap and breathed deeply to _ his little-boy scent --dirt and sweat. My heart was still and content . I realized that while crazy is our new normal happiness is as usual. They may look different from before, but they are still there--even if they're in the form of a single moment on the porch. Maybe I just need the eyes to see. \n Answer: The pleasure of staying with her children.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bdfe80b5d59a477ba5bcd9134d8f8a25",
            "input": "Article: The U. S. Postal Service (USPS) is losing billions of dollars a year. The government company that delivers \"small mail\" is losing out to email and other types of electronic communication. First-class mail amount fell from a high point of 104 million pieces in 2000 to just 64 million pieces by 2014. Congress permits the 600.000-empIoyee USPS to hold a monopoly   over first-class and standard mail. The company pays no federal, state or local taxes; pays no vehicle fees; and is free from many regulations on other businesses. Despite these advantages, the USPS has lost $52 billion since 2007, and will continue losing money without major reforms. The problem is that Congress is preventing the USPS from reducing costs as its sales decline, and is blocking efforts to end Saturday service and close unneeded post office locations. USPS also has a costly union-dominated workforce that slows the introduction of new ideas or methods down. USPS workers earn significantly higher payment than comparable private-sector workers. The answer is to privatize the USPS and open postal markets to competition. With the rise of the Internet, the argument that mail is a natural monopoly that needs government protection is weaker than ever. Other countries facing declining letter amounts have made reforms Germany and the Netherlands privatized their national postal companies over a decade ago, and other European countries have followed suit. Britain floated shares of the Royal Mail on its stock exchange in 2013. Some countries, such us Sweden and New Zealand, have not privatized their national postal companies, but they have opened them up to competition. These reforms have driven efficiency improvements in all of these countries. Additional number of workers have been reduced, productivity has risen and consumers have benefited. Also, note that cost-cutting measures--such as closing tone post offices--are good for both the economy and the environment. Privatization and competition also encourage new changes. When the USPS monopoly over \"extremely urgent\" mail was stopped in 1979, we saw an explosion in efficient overnight private delivery by firms such as FedEx. The government needs to wake up to changing technology, study postal reforms abroad and let businessmen reinvent our out-of-date postal system. \n Answer: It has complete control of first-class and standard mail.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the USPS?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7ea03e66c35b4defa6bc44042fca550a",
            "input": "Article: Kabul,Oct.28 (Xinhuanet)--- Unknown armed men in military uniform kidnapped  three staff of the United Nations in the Afghan capital city at broad daylight Thursday ,Afghan officials confirmed  . \"Three armed men in military uniform  _ a UN car in Baraki area ofprefix = st1 /Kabulcity early afternoon and took away three persons including two women with them, \"Rohullah, a witness at the site told Xinhua. The kidnappers also badly beat up the Afghan driver of the UN car, added Rohullah who is a lorry driver in the city. The area has been watched over by UN guards. UN officials as well as Afghan confirmed the incident but refused to provide further information. The three kidnapped , according to some officials , who are from Britain, Ireland and Kosovo, were working for the UN-sponsored Joint Electoral Management Body (JEMB) overseeing the first presidential elections held on Oct.9 across Afghanistan and in Iran and Pakistan. This is the first time that such an incident has taken place in the Afghan capital over the last three years So far, no one has claimed responsibility for the kidnapping. However, remnants  of the former Taliban regime who failed to stop the great presidential elections have promised to continue holy war   until the US-led troops leave Afghanistan. \n Answer: In the daytime",
            "output": [
                "When did this kidnapping take place?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-798f1c27783b475da4f5ed74eca2fec1",
            "input": "Article: Hidden in a small street in the south end of Springfield, not far from buildings torn apart by the tornado  earlier this year, Frigo's is an Italian restaurant right in our own backyard. Frigo's is not a tiny place. It provides different kinds of Italian food. There are refrigerator cases full of prepared foods and desserts, and shelves filled with olives and various pasta. There's some traditional Italian music and the smell is of olive oil and garlic . Above the largest refrigerator case, there's a chalk board covered with desriptions of more Italian sandwiches than I could remember. I stepped into Frigo's almost by accident when I had to stay in Springfield into the evening for an open house at the school where I work. Frigo's is the perfect place to find something quick to go. There are no tables, so all food is taken out. I also thought it would be a great place to pick up some already-prepared food to bring home for dinner. I ordered the easiest meal possible: a chicken sandwich and a salad. It cost$4.75 for the sandwich. The salad was$4.99 and didn't have salad dressing on it. I must have missed the choice of salad dressing on the way out. The sandwich was great--great chicken, excellent tomato sauce and not too much cheese. I wish I had tried one of the many other sandwiches which include Joe's Favorite ($5.25-$6.75) and the Dante (King) which is made of turkey breast, roasted red peppers, asiago cheese and choice of dressing. I have a feeling that I'll be picking up dinner for me and the kids at Frigo's soon. \n Answer: People who are fond of Italian food",
            "output": [
                "Who would be most likely to go to eat at Frigo's?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5147a264c0d34656921d1a99156cbb49",
            "input": "Article: Willie Stewart still remembers his first day of kayaking through the grand Canyon. He was getting bounced around in the roughest white water he had ever seen. There was nothing the river threw at him.    There he was in a 40-pound boat, with only a few months of training and one arm. Tied to his left shoulder was a prosthetic limb that he'd had for just about a week. The plan was to paddle  for 20 days over 227 miles of the roughest white water in the United States. It was one of the most remarkable adventures that the Grand Canyon had ever seen.   It started with a casual phone call in the spring of 2005. A good friend, Mike Crenshaw, finally got a permit from the National Park Service to lead a private party of 16 boaters down the Colorado River that coming August. He had a slot  open for Willie, \"Was he interested ?\"   \"It was the chance of a lifetime,\" Stewart said. He had been waiting years for this trip to happen. \"How could I refuse ?\"    But before they set off, Stewart had a couple of things to take care of. He had to get a white-water kayak, learn how to use it, and get an arm.    For most of his life, the _ 45-year-old man has lived with only his right arm. He lost his left arm in a horrible accident when he was 18.Stewart was doing a summer construction job inprefix = st1 /Washington,D.C.The trailing end of rope he was carrying got twisted in an industrial fan. Before he could react, the fan reeled in the rope tight and cut his arm just above the elbow.    He became a bitter young man, angry at the unfairness of what had happened ,and often got into fights. In time, he learned to channel his rage into sports. He joined a rugby team, established a reputation as a fearless player and eventually was elected captain. His days of rage long gone, he found peace and purpose in his life. \n Answer: His dream",
            "output": [
                "What had urged Willie Stewart to paddle down the Colorado River ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-552b58eddde34529b6ea04c8b2a92752",
            "input": "Article: Friendly doctors are\"bad for their patients'health\",researchers have warned as a new study revealed two thirds of young doctors struggle to be truthful with patients they like. Blurring(...)the lines between social and professional relationships can affect the level of care offered and prevent patients from being honest about important side effects. \"Doctors should avoid adding patients as friends on Facebook,they should not hug or allow patients to call them by their first names\".regulators have warned.\"Those who break the boundaries will face some punishment.\" It comes as a survey of 338 oncologists under the age of 40,found 59 per cent said they found it difficult to tell the truth to those patients they liked.Sixty per cent of respondents said if doctors felt too close to their patients,it could prevent them from making objective decisions about a person's care. Lesley Fallowfield,of Brighton and Sussex Medical Schoo1.said:\"Oncology is a profession that can be enormously rewarding but is filled with many challenges.Young oncologists have to master dealing with anxious patients who are facing a life-threatening disease;conveying the true prognosis ;discussing the complexity of modern treatments;and explaining the unavailability of some drugs,the side-effects of treatment,and likely treatment aims.\" But she said,\"Those doctors who have entered the profession in the age of the 'Internet world'are more likely to fall victim to blurring the professional boundaries with patients. She said:\"The difficulty,if you hug and kiss patients,if you allow them to call you by your first name,is that quickly the relationship can become confused as a social one rather than a professional one.Doctors become confused,'I really like this person,how can I bear to tell them that they're going to die?'They find it more difficult to be objective.\" \n Answer: They seldom blur the relationship with patients.",
            "output": [
                "Why are ffiendl3,doctors bad for their patients'health?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-da4d5fa3a7fd4fbc992f735ba9540118",
            "input": "Article: Two people have died after two separate university shootings in Texas and Arizona, just hours apart. One person was killed and three injured in the first shooting at Northern Arizona University early on Friday. Later that morning a shooting at a student complex near Texas Southern University left one person dead. In Arizona, police named the gunman there as Steven Jones, an 18-year-old first year student at Northern Arizona University.Mr. Jones told police he was approached by a group of men and attacked. He fled, produced a gun from his pocket and opened fire when the men caught up with him, Arizona police said. Witnesses told police that the victims were unarmed. The second shooting in Texas happened later on Friday morning at the University Courtyard Apartments on the edge of the Houston campus. One student was killed, a freshman at the school, the university confirmed, and another person was wounded. Two people have been arrested as suspects and a third is still at large, said Houston police spokeswoman Jodi Silva. The attacks came as President Barack Obama visited families of victims of a college shooting in Oregon. On arriving in Oregon, he was jeered  by gun rights activists who oppose calls he made for tougher gun laws after nine people were killed at Umpqua Community College, Roseburg, last week. After a private meeting with families, Mr Obama said he had \"strong feelings\" about gun control, adding: \"We are going to have to come together as a country to see how we can prevent these issues from taking place.\" On the edge of this little American town, a few hundred protestors gathered to tell their president he was not welcome. Many were openly carrying handguns to _ their message. The demonstrators blamed the shooting here last week on two things: a failure to treat mental health problems and the designation of Umpqua Community College as a gun-free zone. Many of those we spoke to said they had travelled to Roseburg from elsewhere in Oregon to make their voices hear. The hostility to the Democratic president here in Republican rural Oregon was not just political, it was personal. \n Answer: Two.",
            "output": [
                "How many people were dead in these two recent university shootings?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a43f2e379f3148198c0f1a455414d982",
            "input": "Article: (Reuters)The Thunderbird is one of the most readily recognized creatures of American Indian mythology.While the vast majority of biologists believe the Thunderbird myth to be nothing more than a spiritual symbol, some zoologists believe that the hard may actually exist.    I still vividly recall seeing an impossibly large raptor when I was five years old, which a few people have said might be the Thunderbird.Standing in my grandmother's back yard in Alabama, I recall watching an enormous black bird with a swallow - like tail flying directly over me from an oak tree. Its wingspan seemed to be at least three times my height, which would have made it at least fourteen feet across. While the early childhood memory is often unreliable, I clearly remember the details of the  \"Thunderbird\".To this very day, I sometimes stand on my grandmother' s yard, eyeballing the old oak tree, but I have not yet seen another bird that resembles the giant bird.I have seen eagles, and hawks - but never another Thunderbird. Other modern sightings of what may have been thunderbirds have also occurred.In 1977, three boys were playing in a neighborhood in Illinois.They reported that two large birds chased after  them.One of the boys was attacked and suffered somewhat serious injuries, He was carried a few  feet off the ground, before the bird dropped him and disappeared into the wilderness. Several people interviewed the boys and their story remained the same, even under the pressure.the description of the birds somewhat matched the Andean condor ; however, these  massive condors have never been known to exist in the United States. Another sighting came in 2002, in Alaska, when many people reported seeing a bird with a fourteen - foot wingspan.After being investigated, it was finally concluded that the bird was most likely a particularly large sea eagle, which typically has a wingspan of six to eight fickle. I will probably never know what the strange -looking giant bird from the oak tree was, and biologists will probably never be able to fully confirm the identity of the giant raptors spotted in Illinois and Alaska.If the Thunderbird does indeed exist, it will probably continue to remain mysterious. \n Answer: Could the thunderbird actually exist?",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6ce275c71c85450d83a1844bf36e5ea2",
            "input": "Article: Spring is here and so is the cycling season. Here are some tips on how to do it safely and comfortably. Watch your feet--Pushing with the wrong part of the foot can raise your risk of developing a painful injury of the heel and arch , says Rob Werstine, a sports physiotherapist and board member of the Canadian Physiotherapy Association.  You should push with the ball of your foot, he says. Layer up--While it's still cool, wear layers of clothing, with clothing close to the body that breathes and outer layers that do not absorb water. Go for bright colors that increase your visibility . Be reasonable--If you are just starting out and aren't in good shape, don't sign up for a 50-kilometre ride. And while cycling is great exercise for people who want to get into shape, if your doctor advises you not to do tiring exercise, cycling shouldn't be your starting position, Werstine says. Walk to begin getting into shape and then graduate to cycling. Fix the fit--If you develop lower back pain or numbness in your hands and fingers from cycling, it could be your bike isn't adjusted properly for your height. A good cycle shop can help you find the right height for the seat and handlebars, but if you have continuing problems, consider consulting a bike fit physiotherapist, Werstine says. Be mindful--You have to pay attention on the roads to vehicles, other cyclists and pedestrians .Consider taking a cycling safety course to practise your skills. Or do some reading about how to avoid dangerous cycling situations. bicyclesafe.com, for instance, lists 10 types of car-bike accidents and how to avoid them. \n Answer: The toes.",
            "output": [
                "Which part of the foot should one use when cycling?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3864084ca086447ca179875774794961",
            "input": "Article: Chinese President Hu Jintao, on his way to talks with President George W. Bush in prefix = st1 /Washington, on Tuesday met with Bill Gates.   After the meeting with Gates, the world's richest man, at Microsoft's headquarters, Hu restated that China would move against software pirates  all the time. At Microsoft Corp.'s campus, Hu said on Tuesday he admired what Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates had achieved. He also sought to reassure Gates that China is serious about protecting intellectual property rights .  \"Because you, Mr. Bill Gates, are a friend of China, I'm a friend of Microsoft,\" Hu said. \"Also, I am dealing with the operating system produced by Microsoft every day,\" he added, to laughter.  Gates responded: \"Thank you, it's a fantastic relationship,\" and then said: \"And if you ever need advice on how to use Windows, I'll be glad to help.\"  \"Chinais focused on and has already accomplished much in creating and enforcing laws to protect intellectual property.\" he said. \"We take our promises very seriously.\" Hu also said he would certainly welcome a further increase in Microsoft's investment in China. \"I'd also like to take this opportunity to assure you, Bill Gates, that we will certainly honor our words in protecting intellectual property rights,\" Hu said.  In his brief visit to the Microsoft campus, Hu, accompanied by Gates and company CEO Steve Ballmer, saw some business technology demonstrations and toured Microsoft's Home of the Future, which features experimental technology that might someday be used in people's living spaces.  Following the visit at Microsoft, about 100 guests, including former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and former Gov. Gary Locke, the first Chinese-American governor, were invited to Gates' $100 million lakeside house on Lake Washington for a dinner.  China has recently begun requiring Chinese computer makers to load legal software on their machines.  In Seattle's Chinatown, many stores hung Chinese and U.S.flags to welcome Hu, and many in the crowd outside the stately Fairmont Hotel on Monday night where Hu was staying were there to support the Chinese president. \n Answer: Two.",
            "output": [
                "How many issues are mentioned in President Hu's visit to Microsoft?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fcc8426ea61943b39f8eb667b5a02fd0",
            "input": "Article: Columbus made four voyages to the west between 1492 and 1504 in his vain search for a sea route to Asia. The mystery of why he failed to find it haunted  him and filled him with sadness. Wherever he went to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, South America, Panama, down the coast of Central America--it was always the same story. Instead of golden palaces, there were grass huts and palm-leaf tents. Instead of silk-robed merchant princes, he found \"Indians\" who did not have so much as a shirt on their backs. When Columbus explored the West Indies in 1493,he heard tales of a fierce Indian tribe who literally devoured its defeated enemies after a battle. These people were called by many names in the area, including Calina, Canima, Carib, and Caniba. Columbus recorded the name of the American natives as Canibales in Spanish, a word which came to refer, within a few years, to any eater of human flesh. In the similar fashion, the word Caribbean, a title for the sea as well as for the region, came into English. At times Columbus knew that this new land was not China, not Japan, not the Spice Islands. He seemed to accept it as a part of the earth that the geographers of Europe had never heard of before. It was another world--and he called it exactly that--but Columbus also insisted until he died that land he had reached was an unknown part of Asia. \n Answer: Columbus' voyages",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad9c88852922441e81e626dde0a98e54",
            "input": "Article: Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable   material inspired by insects' hard outer shells. The material's inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. The material, made from shrimp (') shells and proteins produced from silk, is called \"shrilk.\" It is thin, clear, flexible and strong. A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability. Plastic's toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and '60s. Decades later, however, plastic's very durability   is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries. What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years? Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer , and so will enrich the soil. Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material. Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they're exploring ways to use it in wet environments. They're also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for non-medical products, like for computer cases and other products inside the home. They're even exploring combining it with other materials, like carbon fibers, to give it new properties. \n Answer: Using it properly.",
            "output": [
                "What has become a concern about plastic?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b3f6e0e925e6426eb13c07ff34060205",
            "input": "Article: Manage your time well for each module , but also make sure you get a good balance  between work and social life. That is for life in general. Set aside time specifically for each subject. Try to study one subject a day. You need to balance time. If you are bad at balancing things, make a personal timetable. Even if you do not stick to it, you will have an idea what you should be doing each day. This is better than trying to do everything each day and, at the end of the week, not achieve anything. Also, try to keep your weekends free of studying. Only study at the weekend if you really have to. I had to learn to balance work, study and family when I was at college. I was a retail assistant working part-time and had at least four modules to complete at the same time at college. I also had to help around the house doing household cleaning and shopping at times. I managed to finish my college work on time, which was very difficult and hard, and still hold down a job. Why was it possible? Because I only thought about my part-time work when I was at work on the weekends and my college work had to be done from Mondays to Fridays before the weekends. This was hard--but you need to set a timetable for yourself. It was an achievement when I finally realized that things have to be done in order, and need to be organized as well. Balancing study and other aspects  of your life can be a problem if you have a job or a family, but planning in advance is helpful. Use the time you have well. Do not leave anything until the last minute, as this will only cause problems. \n Answer: Try to study many subjects in a day.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the advice the writer gives?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff751829637c468daca2aa786b80c72a",
            "input": "Article: Yang Qunhui, 28, a graduate of Chengdu University of Information Technology, Sichuan Province, gave up her job with a monthly salary of 20,000 yuan ($3,014) at a famous company, but has started her own restroom-ad business with five other graduates, becoming a \"restroom queen.\" The company, opened in May, is now the only one of its kind in Chengdu. It has two goals: to find suitable restrooms to place ads and to find clients  who are willing to put their ads in them. \"We are now trying to find restrooms to place the ads. A larger area means more ad sources,\" said Yang. Yang got the idea to run the company one year ago when she looked for toilet repairing information on the Internet but finally noticed companies in Beijing and Shanghai doing restroom ads. \"It's so interesting,\" she said. \"Everyone has their dream. Mine is to start my own business and do something I like.\" After some research, Yang found the advantages of restroom ads. They are low-cost, making it easier to find clients. \"Most private companies are middle or small-sized ones. Cheap ads are an good choice.\" Another advantage, she said, is that people tend to remember words and messages they've seen while sitting or standing in the loo. Yang said sitting on a toilet, one usually feels bored and even an old newspaper helps kill the time.  \"Most people think an ad is effective as long as it is read, however, the ad works only when it is remembered by readers,\" she said. \n Answer: One of the company's goals is to find clients who are willing to put their ads in the restrooms.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage , which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3a5868ea82ac4547ba026ddb883c5ab2",
            "input": "Article: While the other kids seemed excited about celebrating the end-of-term party by playing games and sharing treats, Jeremy hated the very idea of the gathering. Afraid to raise the pressure too high, I decided to contribute something that was easy to purchase on the walk to school. Off we went the day of the party, approaching his school as if nothing was planned. I reminded him of our need to make a purchase, entered his favorite shop, and asked him to select the ripest bunch of grapes. He shot me an anxious look and insisted none of his classmates ever be able to notice he had something to bring to the party. My _ of a successful parenting method, resulting in delivering a sociable child to his school, diverted  sharply from reality. Back on route, I did my best to hide the sinking feeling of fear. How could I possibly drop him off and then walk into my own classroom to teach a successful class? My next move was born in the heat of the moment. I said a quick goodbye at the front gate and rushed to his classroom through the emergency exit. I managed to inform his teacher about the grapes in the backpack and be out of the classroom before I could be spied by my son. So, what happened on that June day? His teacher, a caring educator, worked wonders. My son and I still laugh about the way Mr. B started the day with an unusual question, \"Does anyone have any grapes?\" While Jeremy admits feeling a bit uncomfortable, the words encouraged him to takeout the fruit. Because of the support he received, he remembers that day with pride for his courage. \n Answer: Worried.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel when she left the shop?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c9061e46026449f3b245748d129b4b20",
            "input": "Article: Shakespeare's Sister Let us imagine, since facts are so hard to come by, what would have happened had Shakespeare had a wonderfully gifted sister, called Judith. Shakespeare himself went, very probably -- his mother was an heiress -- to the grammar school, where he may have learnt Latin -- Ovid, Virgil and Horace -- and the elements of grammar and logic. He was, it is well known, a wild boy who poached   rabbits, perhaps shot a deer, and had, rather sooner than he should have done, to marry a woman in the neighborhood, who bore him a child rather quicker than was right. That escapade sent him to seek his fortune in London. He had, it seemed, a taste for the theatre; he began by holding horses at the stage door. Very soon he got work in the theatre, became a successful actor, and lived at the centre of the universe, meeting everybody, knowing everybody, practicing his art on the boards, exercising his wits in the streets, and even getting access to the palace of the queen. Meanwhile his extraordinarily gifted sister remained at home. She was as adventurous, as imaginative, as curious to see the world as he was. But she was not sent to school. She had no chance of learning grammar and logic, let alone of reading Horace and Virgil. She picked up a book now and then, one of her brother's perhaps, and read a few pages. But then her parents came in and told her to mend the stockings or mind the stew  and not moon about with books and papers. They would have spoken sharply but kindly, for they were practical people who knew the conditions of life for a woman. Soon, however, before she was out of her teens, she was to be engaged to the son of a neighboring wool stapler . She cried out that marriage was hateful to her, and for that she was severely beaten by her father. Then he ceased to scold her. He begged her instead not to hurt him, not to shame him in this matter of her marriage. He would give her a chain of beads or fine dresses, he said; and there were tears in his eyes. How could she disobey him? How could she break his heart? The force of her own gift alone drove her to it. She made up a small parcel of her belongings, let herself down by a rope one summer's night and took the road to London. She was not seventeen. The birds that sang in the woods were not more musical than she was. She had the quickest fancy, a gift like her brother's, for the tune of words. Like him, she had a taste for the theatre. She stood at the stage door; she wanted to act, she said. Men laughed in her face. The manager -- a fat, loose-lipped man -- howled with laughter. He roared something about puppies dancing and women acting -- no woman, he said, could possibly be an actress. She could get no training in her craft. Could she even seek her dinner in a bar or roam   the streets at midnight? Yet her genius was for fiction and lusted to feed abundantly upon the lives of men and women and the study of their ways. At last -- for she was very young, oddly like Shakespeare the poet in her face, with the same grey eyes and rounded brows -- at last Nick Greene the actor-manager took pity on her; she found herself with child by that gentleman and so -- who shall measure the heat and violence of the poet's heart when caught and confined in a woman's body? -- killed herself one winter's night and lies buried at some cross-roads where the omnibuses   now stop outside the Elephant and Castle. That, more or less, is how the story would run, if a woman in Shakespeare's day had had Shakespeare's genius. \n Answer: She was cared for but was expected to live a girl's life.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from Judith's teen life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe00e19d98c6410bb1404546373fa286",
            "input": "Article: Just getting accepted to an American college or university does not guarantee that you will get a visa. And getting a visa just lets you arrive in the United States. It does not guarantee that an immigration officer will permit you to enter the country.  If you are requesting a visa for the first time, you will probably have to go to an American embassy or consulate . You will need to bring a government form sent to you by your American school that shows you have been accepted.  You will also need banking and tax records that show you have enough money to pay for your education. And be prepared to provide evidence that you will return to your home country after your studies end.  All of this is important in satisfying the requirements to get a visa. A consular official will also take your picture and your fingerprints.  Foreign students must contact their local embassy or consulate to request an interview and to get other information. This includes directions about how and where to pay the visa application charge. The cost is two hundred dollars.  You should apply for the visa as soon as you have been accepted to a school in the United States. The government needs time to perform a background investigation.  You cannot receive a visa more than one hundred twenty days before the start of your program. And if you are coming as a student for the first time, you cannot enter the country more than thirty days before classes begin. Once you come to the United States, you can stay for the length of your period of study. Your school is required to provide the Department of Homeland Security with reports on your status as a student. \n Answer: The moment you have been accepted to a school in the US.",
            "output": [
                "When should you apply for a visa?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c7bdede022954eb797d90547b7622e1a",
            "input": "Article: Recently, South Korean star PSY's 'Gangnam style\" video has been popular on the Internet. It has become most people's favorite music. In fact, the song has set the Guinness World Record for the most popular video in the history of the Internet. More than two million people have said \"like\" since the song was on the Internet on July 15. PSY\"s special dance moves and funny horse riding style have attracted many people. Although many people do not understand the language, the video has become the talk of the Internet. The song has come to first place in the music charts  in 31 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. \"I just sang for my South Korean fans. I have never expected it to be popular in other countries,\" PSY told the reporters on a concert. The song was so popular that a few of South Korean's politicians showed PSY's moves to attract supporters. \"The song came out in mid-July. It sings about the rich life of South Korea --especially Gangnam in Soeoul, where a lot of rich people live. Millions of people have watched the video. Many stars, such as Katy Perry, Robbie Williams and Nelly Furtado said that they love the song. These stars performed part of the song at a recent concert. Riding high on the success of \"Gangnam Style\", PSY was signed by Scooter Braun to Braun's Schoolboy Records, a label distributed by Universal Republic. PSY has written many hit songs of varying styles for different singers. Prior to \"Gangnam Style\" his most famous composition perhaps was Lee Seung Gi's debut  song \"Because You Are My Woman\". \n Answer: They don't understand the words of the song.",
            "output": [
                "What makes PSY's \"Gangnam Style\" the famous music of millions of people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c4d369ec193f436ba2f54309f2e731fb",
            "input": "Article: As part of an effort to improve treatments for life-threatening illnesses, a team of scientists have created rabbits that glow in the dark. The efforts have produced two rabbits out of a litter of eight that went from being a normal, soft white to glowing green in the dark. The rabbits were born at the University of Istanbul as part of the cooperation between scientists from universities in Turkey and Hawaii. The rabbits glow to show that a genetic operation technique can work efficiently. \"The green is not important at all--it's just a marker to show the experiment can be done successfully,\" said University of Hawaii associate professor, Stefan Moisyadi. To produce the glowing effect, researchers injected jellyfish DNA into a mother rabbit's embryos. Then those embryos were put into the mother. Similar experiments have resulted in glowing cockroaches  and cats. Eventually, the researchers hope the technique can lead to new ways to produce medicines, Moisyadi said. \"The final goal is to develop animals that are able to produce beneficial molecules in their milk that can be cheaply extracted , especially in countries that cannot afford big factories that make drugs, which usually cost US$1bn to build. Then they will be able to produce their own protein-based medication in animals,\" Moisyadi said. The rabbits are expected to live as long as non-glowing rabbits, but Moisyadi said he understands people can object to this kind of experimentation involving live animals. \"To the people against, I say: think, what are the benefits and what is the harm?\" Moisyadi said. \"And if the benefits outweigh the harm, let's go with the benefits.\" Moisyadi started developing the project in 2006, and researchers are now waiting to see if pregnant sheep produce similar results. \n Answer: They live shorter lives than ordinary rabbits.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the glowing rabbits?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51906d47938c4e419ab06d5272bb8994",
            "input": "Article: A single letter written by Albert Einstein was sold for more than $400, 000. But could an e-mail printout or an electronic file reach similar heights? That's the question facing those who deal in the literary artifacts of public figures, as they struggle to work out how to do business in the electronic world where information can be copied and spread out more easily than ever before. \"Booksellers, collectors and libraries are already trading in digital objects,\" Joan Winterkorn, a researcher told people. When Emory University Library bought author Slaman Rushdie's archives   in 2006, it received a desktop computer, three laptops, a hard drive and a smart phone along with his paper flies. And the writer John Updike, who died last month, started using computers in the 1980s, Winterkorn pointed out, so his \"papers\" will include a big store of electronic documents. So far, however, digital archives have been traded as just a small part of a larger, mainly paper-based archive. Indeed, no one is quite sure how much the digital documents of a historical figure are worth.  _ \" said Gabriel Heaton, a literary manuscript specialist, adding that more tangible   digital objects were easier for auctioneers   to price and sell, \"What about a laptop? For example, the one used by J. K. Rowling to write Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in an Edinburgh cafe has real value,\" he said. \"Because she used it.\" Even if the hard drive had been cloned by a library, the artifact would still be valuable. Gordon Bell, from Microsoft Research, suggested that prices will actually fall to almost nothing. \"Once it's been copied and spread out the value is gone. It's just a piece of memory.\" \n Answer: To introduce the topic of the passage.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the example mentioned in Para. 1?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-730d3d01727b4977ac6edb3e31c306e1",
            "input": "Article: Most Americans receive at least two or three credit card applications in the mail every month.Why have credit cards become so popular? For a merchant, the answer is obvious.By putting charge slips  in a bank, the merchant can change credit card sales into cash.In return for processing the merchant's credit card transactions , the bank charges a fee that ranges between 1.5 and 5 percent.          The easiest way to establish credit is to open checking and savings accounts at your local bank.Then apply for a gasoline or store credit card.These cards are fairly easy to get because retailers  want you to buy their goods and services.The third step, and the most dangerous one, is obtaining a major credit card like Visa, MasterCard, or American Express.        It is important to choose a credit card carefully because terms and conditions vary widely.Annual fees range from $15 to $75 a year, but some credit card companies charge no annual fee at all.If you will be one of the growing number of people who don't pay off their credit card debts in full each month, look for the card with the lowest interest rate.Interest rates generally range from 12 to 18 percent, though it is possible to find cards with lower rates.        A credit card can be your friend because it can get you through unexpected emergencies.And if there is a problem with the products or service you purchase with your credit card, you have an opportunity to hold back payment by asking the credit card company to \"charge back\" to the retailer until the argument is settled.Monthly credit card statements can also help you keep your records in order.Finally, if you make payments on time, the card helps you to establish a good credit history.        A credit card can be your enemy because it is an invitation to purchase items you really do not need.The credit card companies' continuous offers of minimum payments, cash advances, and even months without payments may seem like a way to skate through a money crisis.In reality, your finance charges and fees only increase, and you go deeper into debt.        If you do find yourself in trouble, do not ignore the bills.Contact your creditors to explain your problem and express your desire to pay down your card balance.If that fails, a nonprofit organization like Consumer Credit Counseling Service can assist you in getting back on your financial feet. \n Answer: By mailing the customer's credit card to the bank.",
            "output": [
                "How does the merchant change credit card sales into cash ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-90648de028de4b43a037a1f0b9f9141c",
            "input": "Article: Star Wars Millennium Falcon This is a gift that, if we're being honest, many dads want to own for themselves. This huge ship is the greatest Star Wars toy. It lights up and makes some noises. Every boy from 3 to 53 will absolutely like it, if they can find room for it. I dare say even a few grandfathers might go for it. Biscuit--the Loving Pup You may clearly know that a pet can be a great thing to a child's development but you probably don't think that you can take care of a dog properly. The robot dog Biscuit is less likely to the disorder of your house and except for a few dead batteries, won't leave any surprises on the floor. It will be a good playmate for your kids. JVC KD-10 Headphones It's increasingly common for kids to enjoy themselves on long journeys with a portable  DVD player or an iPod MP3, but the headphones that come with expensive electronics are seldom suitable for young ears. Kids should use JVC headphones that have a sound limiter that can be set by the concerned parent. Sparrow-kids Routemaster Kit Sparrow-kids Kit makes a huge range of craft   tools. There are lots of pretty but achievable projects for young girls to take up their (safe plastic) needles and sew. Holz Wooden Airport It might be said that Britain doesn't need another airport but when it's a traditional wooden toy like this all of you would agree that it's a good thing. Treated with a little care, this play-set could easily entertain your young air traffic controllers. \n Answer: Sparrow-kids Routemaster Kit",
            "output": [
                "Which of the gifts is designed mainly for girls?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e3579f3d279f4ebda5f181876ae7eede",
            "input": "Article: There's a guy like me in every state and federal prison in America,I guess--I'm the guy who can get these for you:cigarettes,a bag of cigar,if you want that,a bottle of wine to celebrate your son or daughter's high school graduation,or almost anything else...within reason,that is.It wasn't always that way. I came to Shawshank when I was just twenty,and I am one of the few people in the prison who is willing to admit what he did.I committed murder.I put a large insurance policy on my wife,who was three years older than 1 was,and then I fixed the brakes of the car her father had given us as a wedding present.It worked out exactly as I had planned,except I hadn't planned on her stopping to pick up the neighbour woman and the woman's son on the way down Castle Hill and into town.The brakes let go and the car crashed through the bushes,gathering speed.Bystanders said it must have been doing fifty or better when it hit the base of the Civil War statue in the town arid burst into flames. I also hadn't planned on getting caught,but caught 1 was.I got a pass into this place.My state has no death penalty ,but I was tried for all three deaths and given three life sentences,to run one after the other.That fixed up any chance of parole I might have,for a long,long time.The judge called what I had done'an extremely evil crime', and it was ,but it is also in the past now. Have I transformed myself,you ask ?I don't know what that word means,at least as far as prisons and corrections go.I think it's a politician's word.It may have some other meaning,and it may be that 1 will have a chance to find out,but that is the future... I was young,good--looking,and from the poor side of town.I met a pretty,headstrong girl who lived in one of the fine old houses on Carbine Street.She got pregnant later.Her father was agreeable to the marriage if 1 would take a job in the company he owned and 'work my way up'.I found out that what he really had in mind was keeping me in his house and under his thumb,like a disagreeable pet that has not quite been housebroken and which may bite.Enough hate eventually piled up to cause me to do what I did. Given a second chance 1 would not do it again,but I'm not sure that means I am transformed. \n Answer: He is the most powerful man in the prison.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the man from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7a3a3784e8714cb5bb2e7452903677f9",
            "input": "Article: Women had a significant part to play during World War II,which was the time when women also made their own contributions.Some women's great efforts and their names have been recorded in history.Here's a look at some of the strong figures of women in World War II. Tatiana Nikolaevna Baramzina was born in Glazov of Russia on December 12,1919.In 1943,she was sent to the Central Women's Sniper Training School and upon her graduation in April,she was further sent to the front.She managed to kill around 16 enemies in the first three months!Unfortunately,she was captured  by the enemies and was killed on the fifth of July in 1944.Today,the street where she grew up has been renamed in her memory. Anne Frank was a Germanborn Jewish girl who was wellknown for the publication of her diary that described all her experiences when the Germans occupied Holland in World War II.Anne was born on June 12,1929 and she,along with her family,went into hiding in July 1942.Two years later,her family was captured and seven months from her arrest,Anne Frank died of illness in early March 1945. Margaret Ringenberg was born on 17 June,1921,in Indiana of America.She began her career during World War II when she became a ferry pilot for the Women Airforce Service Pilots.After that she turned a flight instructor in 1945.She even wrote her own book named Girls Can't Be Pilots.She passed away on 28 July,2008,after flying for 40,000 hours in the air. Hannah Szenes was born on 17th July,1921 and was trained to parachute  by the British army into Yugoslavia during World War II.This task was given in order to save the Jews of Hungary.Her secret mission was not revealed even when she was tortured  following her arrest at the Hungarian border.Hannah Szenes had to brave immense tortures,yet she did not lose heart.She bravely battled it out and tried to sing to keep her spirits high!She also kept a record of events in her diary till 7th November,1944,when she was finally killed. These names are just a few of the women who played a significant part in World War II.Their stories go a long way in showing the kind of lifestyles they led and their struggles and sacrifices. \n Answer: Women's death rate was high in World War II.",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly discussed in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df00ae0a840c461380a71cc24714fac2",
            "input": "Article: A cheap drug that can stop bleeding in people recently injured in an accident could potentially save the lives of tens of thousands worldwide, a new study says. Researchers studied the effects of tranexamic acid  , or TXA, in more than 10,000 injured people in 40 countries who received the drug within 8 hours of being injured. The study was published in the medical journalLancet.Doctors found that patients who got TXA had a 15percent lower chance of dying from _ than those who didn't get it . They also had a 10 percent lower chance of dying from any other cause, including organ failure and a head injury. The study was paid for by the British government. The drug is commonly used in wealthy countries during elective surgeries  to stop bleeding , but isn't used for accident victims. TXA is off-patent and made by many companies. It costs about $4.5 per gram, and a typical dose is two grams. It is usually given via an injection  and would be relatively easy to introduce, even in poor countries, experts said. Previous tests of the drug regarded its use in elective surgeries, such as heart operations, but this was the first study to test the drug on accident victims. Doctors were worried it might increase side effects such as blood clots  in the heart and lungs, strokes, or heart attacks. There was no evidence of that in theLancet study, though the authors said it was possible they might have missed some of these incidents. For people between 5 and 45, accidents are the second leading cause of death worldwide after AIDS, and about 600,000 injured patients bleed to death every year. Experts estimated that if TXA were readily available, between 70,000 and 100,000 lives a year could be saved. Though the drug wasn't tested on children , experts said it would almost certainly work with them as well. \n Answer: It was only used in operations before",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about TXA from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-03c29d58cabb4b7c99c67e802819c97d",
            "input": "Article: Scientists are using a kind of eye-tracking equipment to learn how babies look at the world. In the lab, children 5 months and older crawl   and walk up, down and over adjustable wooden slopes  , gaps and steps. It may seem like the set for a new reality television show, but there are no prizes, except perhaps for the researchers. They hope to understand what makes one child respond to another, how babies adjust their look to their hands and feet to handle objects, and how these very young children adapt to changes. The findings provided by these eye-trackers suggest that babies may be more capable of understanding and acting on what they see than had been thought. \"Quick looks at their mothers' faces may be all they need to get the information they want. They seem to be surprisingly efficient,\" said John Franchak who studies psychology at New York University. Although sight might largely seem effortless to us, in reality we actively choose what we look at, making about two to four eye movements every second for some 150,000 motions   daily, said Karen Adolph, also a developmental psychologist at N.Y.U. \"Sight is not passive,\" she said. \"We actively adjust our eye movements to the motions of our hands and bodies.\" Eye-tracking studies have existed for more than a century, but the instruments involved were typically desk machines. The wearable eye-trackers that Dr. Adolph, Mr. Franchak and their colleagues use are based on equipment developed over the last decade by Positive Science, a New York company, with money from the United States Naval Research Laboratory. They were designed to help scientists. Eye-trackers are currently being used in studies to learn the differences in how amateur and professional geologists   scan landscapes and how people examine signs when looking for exits during emergencies. The researchers also found that during the studies babies looked at their mothers just 16 percent of the time. \"That is lower than expected.\" Dr. Adolph said. A large body of past research has placed importance on children watching the faces of adults as they name objects to learn languages. These findings suggest children may not have to look very long to get the information they need, either from people or objects. This gives a new understanding of how much information they need, or how quickly children might process the information. \n Answer: By listening to others.",
            "output": [
                "How do babies get the information they need?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d279e64d44724c3b80732c72df19e0f2",
            "input": "Article: Recently a committee of the National Academy of Sciences inprefix = st1 /Washingtonreleased a report .It confirmed that world temperatures increased about six-tenths of a degree Celsius in the last one hundred years. The report also confirmed evidence that the level of carbon dioxide in increasing.        The best information about climate in the past comes from tests of ice many kilometers deep in Antarctica and Greenland .These tests show that levels of carbon dioxide today are the highest ever measured .These findings have led scientists to believe that carbon dioxide is a major cause of climate warming.        Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere when fuel is burned. Oil ,coal and wood are all fuels that release the gas .When biological waste breaks down ,it also releases carbon dioxide.        However ,plants use carbon dioxide in the process called photosynthesis. This process provides food for almost all life on Earth. Some groups that support burning oil and coal want to increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere . They oppose international efforts to control carbon dioxide.        Some scientists believe that forests and trees are able to capture large amounts of carbon dioxide from the air. Some groups even suggest that an increase in carbon dioxide could cause plants to grow faster.        A recent study inNorth Carolinafound that more carbon dioxide in the air could cause trees to grow faster .But the researchers found the effect appears to last for only three years. Another study showed that much of the carbon dioxide that is taken in by trees in released within three years. The study noted that leaves released carbon dioxide when they fall from trees and break down in the soil. Plants also naturally release carbon dioxide  through the process of respiration. \n Answer: Soil",
            "output": [
                "Which one is NOT mentioned in this passage that can be the source of carbon dioxide?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e3dbd54bbc14285ab458c59c0a42169",
            "input": "Article: Throughout July 1945, the Japanese mainland, from Tokyo on Honshu northward to the coast of Hokkaido, were bombed as if an invasion were about to take place. In fact, something far more threatening was at hand, as the Americans were telling Stalin at Potsdam.  In 1939 physicists in the United States had learned of experiments in Germany showing the possibility of atomic power and understood the coming damage of an atomic bomb. On August 2, 1939, Albert Einstein warned President Roosevelt of the danger of Nazi Germany's advances in development of the atomic bomb. Eventually, the U.S. Office of Scientific Research Development was created in June 1941 and given combined responsibility with the War Department in the Manhattan Project to develop a nuclear bomb. After four years of research and development efforts, an atomic device was set off on July 16, 1945, in a desert area at Alamogordo, New Mexico, producing an explosive power equal to that of more than 15,000 tons of TNT. Thus, the atomic bomb was born. Truman, the new U.S. president, believed that this terrible object might be used to defeat Japan in a way less costly of U.S. lives than an ordinary invasion of the Japanese homeland. Japan's unsatisfactory reply to the Allies' Potsdam Declaration decided the matter. On August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb, carried from Tinian Island in the Mariana in a specially equipped B-29 was dropped on Hiroshima, at the southern end of Honshu. The combined heat and explosion destroyed everything in the explosion's immediate neighbourhood , produced fires that burned out almost 4.4 square miles completely, and killed between 70,000 and 80,000 people, in addition to injuring more than 70,000 others. A second bomb dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, killed between 35,000 and 40,000 people, injured a like number and ruined 1.8 square miles. \n Answer: The birth and use of the atomic bomb ended the Second World War.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e097a269cc54b81b52f9d64629db3e3",
            "input": "Article: Big  Brothers  Big  Sisters  is  based  on  the  simplicity  and  power  of  friendship.  It  is  a  program  which  provides  friendship  and  fun  by  matching _ (ages  7-17)  with  a  volunteer  adult  who  can  be  both  a  role  model  and  a  supportive  friend. Volunteer  tutors  come  from  all  walks  of  life--married,  single,  with  or  without  children.  Big  Brothers  and  Big  Sisters  are  not  replacement  parents  or  social  workers.  They  are  tutors:  someone  to  trust,  to  have  fun  with,  to  talk  and  go  to  when  needed. A  Big  Sister  and  Little  Sister  will  generally  spend  between  one  and  four  hours  together  three  or  four  times  each  month  for  at  least  twelve  months.  They  enjoy  simple  activities  such  as  a  picnic  at  a  park,  cooking,  playing  sport  or  going  to  a  football  match.  These  activities  improve  the  friendship  and  help  the  young  person  develop  positive  self-respect,  confidence  and  life  direction. Big  Brothers  Big  Sisters  organizations  exist  throughout  the  world.  It  is  the  largest  and  most  well-known  provider  of  tutor  services  internationally  and  has  been  operating  for  25  years. Emily  and  Sarah  have  been  matched  since  March  2008.  Emily  is  a  10-year-old  girl  who  has  experienced  some  difficulties  being  accepted  by  her  schoolmates  at  school.  \"I  was  pretty  sure  there  was  something  wrong  with  me.\" Emily's  mum  came  across  Big  Brothers  Big  Sisters  and  thought  it  would  be  of  benefit  to  Emily  by  \"providing  different  feedback   about  herself  other  than  just  relying  on  schoolmates  to  measure  her  self-worth.  \" Sarah  wanted  to  get  involved  in  a  volunteer  program.  \"I  paid  close  attention  to  it  and  found  out  how  to  be  a  part  of  it.  I  thought  it  would  be  fun  for  me  to  get  involved  in  making  time  to  do  something  because  sometimes  it's  all  work  and  no  play.  \" Big  Brothers  Big  Sisters  has  been  of  great  benefit  and  enjoyment  to  both  Emily  and  Sarah.  They  love  and  look  forward  to  their  time  together  and  the  partnership  has  certainly  helped  Emily  be  more  comfortable  in  being  the  wonderful,  happy  and  unique  girl  she  is! \n Answer: To provide partnership and fun for young people.",
            "output": [
                "What  is  the  aim  of  Big  Brothers  Big  Sisters?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2431559d646f40f6ab6aae0a5fa415b1",
            "input": "Article: I am a professor of sports and exercise so I often deal with nervousness in my research with sports people. Actually, most people experience nervousness at some time or another. If you are feeling anxious, my advice is to first find the cause or causes. Make a list of those things that are making you nervous and work out which ones you can do something about. Focus all of your efforts on managing the causes that you can control. Most people cannot tell the difference between controllable  and uncontrollable causes, so things they can't control become a big reason for nervousness. Dealing with this is very important if people want to keep a healthy mind. Simply try to accept the uncontrollable causes of nervousness. You might be worried about the weather on a big day, an accident or an attack on the train, or perhaps just things that other people are doing at work. The results may be very important but there is still no use worrying because you can't control any of these things. Accept that you can't control everything. Once you understand this, it becomes easier not to worry. If a situation, such as swimming, is causing you to be anxious, try to face it as often as possible so that you can get used to it. It can often help to think about yourself doing the thing that makes you nervous--then close your eyes and imagine it going well. Imagine how the flight or job interview is going to happen so that you can get used to it. This will help you understand that the thing you fear most is probably not going to happen. \n Answer: A professor.",
            "output": [
                "Who wrote this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac9d33d4723947dd9a20109544324c9b",
            "input": "Article: Do you feel embarrassed when your mum tries to use slang  or when she calls you by your childhood nickname in front of your friends? And how about searching for the nearest exit when your father dances with joy when he finds his favorite CD in the shop? Loving them dearly doesn't prevent you from feeling uncomfortable around them.  And parents have to accept that Adam Gopnick, a writer for the New Yorker magazine, said in an article published by the BBC: ''The one thing that is written into the human genome   is that exactly at the age of 13, your child... will discover that you are now the most embarrassing, ridiculous and annoying person on the planet.''  A survey by the site YoungPoll.com in 2010 suggested that one in three youngsters is so  _ by their parents that they refuse to be seen with them in public; and seven in ten children are humiliated   by their mum and dad's behavior, like kissing them in front of friends and holding their hands.  Part of going through adolescence is a sudden feeling that we are wise and self-sufficient and we are embarrassed when treated like vulnerable babies. But we are bound to lose this discomfort when we reach our 20s.  Gopnick reminds us of writer William Blake's comment: ''When I was 14, my dad seemed to be so silly that I wouldn't even walk down the street with him. By the time I was 21, I was amazed how much he'd learnt.''  In any case, dissatisfied parents might feel comforted in the thought that their grandchildren are likely to end up enjoying their company. Then the uncool   ones will be the grandchildren's parents! \n Answer: A child reaches the age of 13.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following deeds will make a teenager feel bad?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8eb6e41f3f764166a6237504840027a3",
            "input": "Article: Every year in the first week of English class, some students inform me that writing is too hard. They never write, unless homework requires it. They find the writing process painful and difficult. How awful it is to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it, especially with its rich vocabulary. Being able to speak but not write is like living in _ and never leaving one small room. When I meet students who think they can't write, I know, as a teacher my duty is to show them the rest of the rooms. My task is to build fluency and accuracy while providing the opportunity in any writing activity to enhance the moral and emotional development of my students. One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day. Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done just like exercise; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise, writing skills improve quickly with writing practice daily. I often see a rise in student confidence and performance after only a few weeks of journal writing. Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole students. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and emotional lives. They build skills so that some say they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation , or the perfect love letter. That they write in their journals every day puts them a step closer to fluency, eloquence and command of the language. \n Answer: To introduce an effective way of improving students' writing.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-04e75408b7cb443f87c2d0ddb5420673",
            "input": "Article: Catherine and I were on our way to our nephew's birthday party one rainy Saturday morning, driving along what some people call moose  alley. It was early, there were few other cars on the road and we were looking forward to a good day with the family. Suddenly, a moose rushed across our path. Fortunately, a quick swerve  to the other lane prevented a full impact, with only a small collision on the right side of our car ripping off the mirror and knocking the moose to the pavement. By the time I stopped and looked back in my rear view mirror, the moose was getting up. It ran into the bush. Shaken but unharmed, we both looked at each other shocked by what had happened. We knew that moose accidents had claimed many lives throughout the years, and that we had been very fortunate to escape with no personal injury or worse. After a quick check of our vehicle, we drove off. Even though the moose accident lasted just a few seconds, we still remember it to this day. Why? We had often talked about the frailty of life, the here today and gone tomorrow potential we all face, but it had never felt so real. And it wasn't that we hadn't had friends, relatives and colleagues die before, it was that this experience was much more personal. In a matter of seconds, lives can easily change. The effect of that one near miss with death has been positive, and made us appreciate life. Each one of us has only a limited time on this Earth; no one can predict when your time will end. We should give thanks for each day, to see the sun rise again, and to know that you can accomplish and assist others to appreciate their life if they are caught in the \"poor-me\" syndrome . \n Answer: Life is unpredictable, so we should treasure every moment.",
            "output": [
                "What did the accident teach the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c3aaee903af4d9799dfbc856cfdb49d",
            "input": "Article: The Haitian tsunami gave scientists a chance to find out how well vital and potentially life-saving warning systems were working. Noaa's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory has developed a warning system that picks up signals of tsunamis directly from the sea-floor. It is called Dart-the Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis. If seismometers  detect an earthquake, the Dart buoys  will determine what is happening to sea levels, and whether a big wave might be on the way. This information is then sent via satellite to a central location which can organize an alarm. Within 50 minutes of the Haiti earthquake, this system was able to issue an alarm to other countries in the Caribbean to say that a small tsunami had been caused to start, and that was unlikely to affect them. Dr Bernard said, \"The first 30 minutes following the earthquake, we have to rely on education.\" The critical aspects of this are: do you feel the earthquake; do you see the ocean draw down; and do you hear that loud roar? If so, you should run for higher ground. \"But after the first few minutes, it's crucial that we have the technology--the measurements to avoid unnecessary evacuation and tell people when it is safe to return.\" Right now, there are 50 of these Dart buoys all over the globe--four of which are in the Caribbean. Dr Bernard says that, with 75 to 100 buoys worldwide, this system could provide global tsunami warnings within one hour. \"That's for everywhere we know that tsunamis have happened. If we wanted to go to half an hour detection, we could probably double or multiply by four times that number,\" he said. \"In some countries, including Haiti, there may not be enough resources to support a specific tsunami warning centre for something that happens so infrequently.\" He said that this system was relatively inexpensive to fix and operate. \"To get it down to an hour for everywhere affected would cost $50m initial investment and then 10% of that to maintain it,\" he said. \"That's not a terribly expensive system considering the potential savings of lives.\" \n Answer: Health and Medicine",
            "output": [
                "In which section would you probably read the passage in a newspaper?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8d887daee59b4fe5825762c7a2bf1cfc",
            "input": "Article: Tim Welford, aged 33, and Dom Mee, aged 30, both from England, were keen on (=\"like...\" very much) rowing boats. They made a plan to row across the Pacific Ocean from Japan to San Francisco. The name of their rowboat was \"Crackers\". It was about seven meters long. They set out from Japan on May 17,2001. They had rowed nearly 5,500 miles when their boat was hit by a fishing ship on September 17,2001. Luckily they both escaped unharmed, but their boat was badly damaged and they had to abandon( =\" stop)their\" journey. In a radio interview, Dom expressed his disappointment and explained how the accident took place. \"A fishing ship came towards us with nobody on the bridge and ran us down. It all happened so quickly. I managed to dive into the water. Tim felt it would be safer to stay on board. He was trapped inside as the boat was driven under the water. Finally some people appeared on the ship and saw me in the water. I shouted at them to stop the ship and to get Tim out. When the ship stopped, I eventually saw Tim, and I was very, very happy that we were still alive. We were very disappointed that we couldn't reach San Francisco. But we are alive. That above everything is the most important. \" \n Answer: For four months.",
            "output": [
                "41. How long had Tim and Dom been at sea when their boat was hit by a fishing boat?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e75d3b8318ac455ab62fefa05a222c91",
            "input": "Article: Teenagers are under a lot of pressure to be thin. They resort to starving, vomiting and eating only diet foods to try and be thin. Television is a big influence on them. They watch shows like Beverly Hills 90210 andMelrose Placeand feel they need to look as thin as the actresses on these shows. Society is brainwashing young people into believing that being thin is important and necessary. Diet commercials are constantly appearing on our television screens telling us that once we lose weight, we will be happy. While you're standing at the grocery store you are surrounded by magazines claiming to have the newest and best diet. Each month another new diet appears claiming to be the diet to end all diets. If diets really worked, then why are there so many of them? The reason a new diet pops up each month, is that last's month's diets did not work. The truth of the matter is that DIETS DON'T WORK. The diet and fashion industries are not totally to blame for society's obsession with thinness. We are the ones keeping them in business. We buy into the idea that we can attain the \"ideal\" body image. We allow ourselves to believe the lies being thrown at us constantly. We are throwing away our hard earned money trying to live up to the standards that society has set for us. It's unfortunate, but in today's society, people have forgotten that it's what's inside a person that counts, not what's on the outside. We need to start loving and accepting each other for who we are, not what we look like. Once again, I would like to stress the fact that diets don't work. Eating three healthy meals a day, a few snacks and doing moderate exercise, will allow your body to go to its natural set point. Next time you decide that you are going to start another diet because you feel you are too fat, stop, sign up for a self-esteem class instead. That would be money well spent. \n Answer: Two TV channels.",
            "output": [
                "What areBeverly Hills 90210andMeltrose Place ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18af7af136874b2bb1bc17ecfed966e0",
            "input": "Article: It was a warm April day when a big fat envelope came in the mail from the only college I had ever imagined attending. I tore open the packet. My eyes were fixed on the word \"congratulations. \"I don't remember ever smiling so wide. Then I looked at my financial package. The cost of Dream School's tuition , room and board was around $ 40,000- an impossible sum! How could I afford to attend? What good reasons did I have to go there when three other fine colleges were offering me free tuition? My other choices were good, solid schools even if they weren't as famous as my first choice. In my mind, attending my dream university would be the only way to realize my dream of becoming a world-class writer. My parents understood how I felt. They told me that even though it would be a financial problem, I could go wherever I would be happiest. But as I was always careful with money, I wasn't sure what to do. One of the schools that _ had an informational dinner one night in the spring. Considering my parents' financial difficulties, I decided to drive the 45 minutes and attend. At first, all I had planned to do was smile politely, eat free food, listen quietly. But I surprised myself. At dinner the president of the university talked about the wonderful activities on campus  including guest lectures and social gatherings. He also made it perfectly clear that free food would be offered at all future events. He continued with explanations of professors, class sizes, activities, and sporting events on campus. As he spoke, I began to realize that this school, though not as good as my first choice, might be the best one for me. It seemed small yet with many great programs. It seemed challenging yet caring. As the president ended his speech, we clapped politely and pushed back our chairs. As I walked out that door, a feeling of comfort washed over me. Looking at the campus that night, I realized that I would be spending the next four years right there. In all honesty, my university is not as well-known as my \"dream\"university. However, it turned out to be the right choice of schools for me. \n Answer: He was full of joy.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel when he started to read the letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2092bb676ea14c39b18853f65125cc34",
            "input": "Article: Security Services advise that there have been robberies reported in the East Oxford area, carried out by a group and involving threats of and showing of a knife.The victims have all been young males of student age and appearance who have been walking alone between 7 pm and the early hours of the morning.Some of the victims have been followed from the O2 and the Regal Hotel. The Crime Prevention Advisor offers the following advice: *If possible walk home in a group, not on your own.If someone tries to take something from you by force, it may be best to give it to them, this way it will avoid you getting injured.               *If someone tries to follow you, make for a public place, such as a shop or a restaurant or walk towards other people.Make lots of noise and use your personal alarm to shock the person and use this opportunity to make your escape.If you need to use your mobile phone on route go into a shop or stand with your back to a shop window and constantly survey the area around you.Keep the conversation short and to the point and try not to be too obvious doing it. *Walk with confidence and look as though you're on a mission.Keep your head up and while you should look ahead to avoid unnecessary conflicts, such as a group of young men a-head of you, you should also be aware of everything around you.Whenever possible use well lit and busy streets and definitely avoid alleyways, wasteland and other quiet short cuts. If you have any information relating to these crimes, please call Crime Stoppers on 0800 555 111 or call Thames Valley Police on 101 for non-emergency reporting. \n Answer: Safety on the streets at nights.",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly described in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-afc64349c4224e9888f670b8f6715991",
            "input": "Article: An English saying goes: \" _ \" That means we should relax after a day's hard work or we'll be unhealthy. Many students know that if they want to get ideal jobs with good salaries, they must do well in high school so they can enter good universities. Therefore, they spend all day studying without time to relax. However, not all students can go to top universities even if they work very hard. Students are pressurized by parents and teachers who are just concerned about their studies and exam scores while ignoring their hobbies and individual differences. As a result, students are forces to work harder and harder. Furthermore, there is pressure coming from students themselves. They realize they have a slim chance of getting into a top university as competition is fierce. So, they put a lot of stress on themselves and stay in a nervous state day after day. If they keep it up,   they'll suffer illnesses; both psychological and physical. What students need is relaxation. This doesn't mean that they should give up their ambitions and stop studying hard. It means \"work while you work, play while you play\". If you can do this, you will improve your health greatly. You'll feel yourself suddenly fresh, just like recovering from a terrible illness. You'll find that your studies are not a burden  anymore. \n Answer: They give too much burden for them to bear.",
            "output": [
                "What trouble have both the parents and teachers brought to the students?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d66b7f07eb1d4141a422f303f1a3d67f",
            "input": "Article: A Day of Design Sunday, June 27,2010 9 a. m. ~ 4 p. m. Thomas College Student Center Join us for a free day of fun! A Day of Design will encourage those interested in flowers and design to get in touch with their creative side and get some tips from the experts - Jeff and Scott. Pleas see the schedule below for details about this wonderful opportunity! 9:00 a.m. - 10:30 a.m. Registration   for the day runs from 9 a.m. in the Student Center. Later guests will take a tour of the Thomas College campus before the day's events. 10:30 a. m. ~ 12:00 p. m. Jeff and Scott will design more than a dozen arrangements in a variety of sizes and colors and auction   will be held and guests will have the opportunity to bid on the flower arrangements. 12:00 p. m. ~ 1:00 p. m. A delightful boxed lunch will be served. During the lunch hour, Jeff and Scott will create a for the holiday table and give tips for creating a beautiful centerpiece using things found in the home. 3:00 p. m. ~ 4:00 p. m. A fitting way to end the day - guests are invited to enjoy a wine and cheese party. Jeff and Scott will be available to answer questions or just talk about flowers! There is no charge for this event. REGISTER NOW! Space is limited to 45 guests. \n Answer: To take a tour of the Thomas College campus.",
            "output": [
                "What are guests supposed to do from 9:00 a. m. to 10:30 a. m.?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-744ebe9ae20448839db6bf091cc281f7",
            "input": "Article: When 15-year-old Louisa Ball takes a nap, she sleeps for days on end, and no amount of shaking can fully wake her up. The British girl has a rare condition called Sleeping Beauty Sickness. Doctors don't know what causes it or how to cure it --only know that it strikes teenagers and goes away by itself after eight to 12 years. Louisa's mum, Lottie, told NBC News that the girl had flulike symptoms just over a year ago. Shortly afterward, she had her first period of long sleeping. She was eventually diagnosed with Kleine-Levin Syndrome, whose victims worldwide may number no more than 1,000. The victims live normally for weeks or months at a time, with normal sleep patterns and normal energy levels. Then, with little warning, they'll go to sleep for days or weeks at a time. So far, Louisa's longest period in bed has been 13 days. Victims will wake briefly, but be _ and not fully awake. Louisa's parents force her awake so she can use the bathroom and eat. Now, Louisa's friends can tell when a period is coming on. She stops talking and she may be annoyed easily. That's when she knows she has to get home to her bed. Louisa has slept through family vacations, the dance recitals  she loves to perform in, and school tests. Now it becomes increasingly difficult to catch up on missed schoolwork. But just as doctors don't know the cause, they also don't know why it ends as mysteriously as it began. The illness is unrelated to narcolepsy , whose victims are constantly tired and drop off for brief periods of sleep at any time. It's so dramatic that some people have accused Louisa of making the false symptoms to get attention. Her father, Richard, thinks that's absurd. \n Answer: The victims usually sleep for days or weeks at a time.",
            "output": [
                "Which is TRUE about Kleine-Levin Syndrome according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-21c223ee286d44d698045ebd976268fb",
            "input": "Article: When looking for love, people may go to some extreme lengths. They might go on blind dates set up by family and friends. They might write personal ad to place in newspapers. Or they might use a computer to help them in their search for a soul mate by joining an online dating service. Some people have even tried to find their perfect match through game shows on television. Many of these TV dating shows, including The Bachelor andWho Wants to Marry Multimillionaire?, have proved to be popular, with millions of viewers watching each week to find out which of the contestants  will find true love. Of all these game shows, perhaps the one with the most unexpected ending was Mr. Right, which was shown in England in 2002. On the show, a bachelor, thirty-five-year-old Lance Gerrard-Wright, dated fifteen women to find the one who was his ideal partner. The host of the show was Ulrika Jonsson, an English celebrity   originally from Sweden. For seven weeks on the show, Lance took turns going on dates with each of the women, taking them to expensive restaurants and romantic locations. He even met the women's families and introduced them to his own. Then at the end of each episode , he would choose between one and three of the contestants with whom he had felt the least compatible , and say goodbye to them. At one point during the series, one contestant volunteered to leave because she said she didn't find him attractive. After two dates she said she had had enough, and she couldn't see it working, \"He wasn't my cup of tea.\" In another episode the woman he was on a date with burst into tears when he called her by another girl's name. \"You called me by another girl's name. I can't believe you did that. I really liked you,\" she said in tears. But in the final episode, the woman he eventually chose decided she didn't want to marry him after all. \"I think you've chosen me because you have to choose someone,\" she said. Maybe this was because she already knew he had fallen in love with the show's host! After leaving the show, Gerrard-Wright and Jonsson were seen dining together and attending parties around London more and more often. Finally, on May 1, 2003, Gerrard-Wright proposed to Jonsson on the steps of St. Paul's Cathedral. And she accepted his proposal right away, although she had to make sure that her two children from previous relationships--an eight-year-old son, Cameron, and a two-year-old daughter, Bo. agreed to the marriage. Luckily, they did. Gerrard-Wright said, \"In the end the show did work for me. I grabbed an opportunity to get a girlfriend and I did. Ulrika's amazing\" The happy couple finally got married at Jonsson's home in Sweden on the island of Varmdo. They wanted to keep the ceremony small, so only forty people were invited, including family and friends. There was some gossip at the time that Jonsson's friends who did not receive invitations to the wedding felt upset. But the bride and groom did not let that ruin their wedding day. Has Ulrika Jonsson finally found Mr. Right? Only time will tell. But none of the guests at the wedding could deny the happiness in the couple's eyes as the bride and groom left the wedding ceremony with the music of Stevie Wonder playing in the background, \"Seen a lot of things in this old world. When I touched them, they did nothing, girl. Ooh baby, here I am, signed, sealed, delivered, I'm yours.\" \n Answer: how a famous couple met and got married",
            "output": [
                "What is this passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa4fdb56ec84411695cfff1a35be1188",
            "input": "Article: Hotel Reservations Welcome to the Kampala Beach Hotel Reservations System. You can reserve a room or package one of three ways: (a) online, (b) by phone, and(c)by email.  Did you know? You can take advantage of special savings by booking direct with us online. A.Online Reservations         Enter your travel dates and the number of guests below to book your room online now. Click here to check on an existing online reservation. If you are searching for a specific package, please make sure your check-in and check-out dates allowing for the minimum number of nights in the package. You may make reservations for a maximum of 4 guests per room. For requests of 10 rooms or more, please refer to Group Accommodations. B.Reservations By Phone If you prefer to reserve by phone, please call: Toll Free from the prefix = st1 /USA,Canada, andHawaii: +1-800-262-8450 Worldwide Direct: +1-808-661-0011 Hours (Hawaii Standard Time): Monday to Friday: 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. Saturday: 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. Sunday: 7 a.m. to 4 p.m. C. Reservations By E-mail If you prefer to submit  an e-mail reservations request, click here. Submitting an e-mail request does not guarantee a reservation. For immediate confirmation and booking, please use online reservations engine above. \n Answer: To attract more tourists to the hotel.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of writing the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fa68f2f4a2ba4c9ca96a5d3f4fc73cfb",
            "input": "Article: International Schools Services Experience teaching overseas Have you thought of working overseas? International Schools Services is looking for teachers for thousands of positions.Schools are looking for experienced, well-trained persons who must meet two of the three criteria:          *A four-year bachelor's   degree          *Certification in a subject          *Two years' successful teaching experience in a public or private school Attend one of our International Recruitment Conferences  .Hundreds of schools will be available.Over 2,000 positions are expected to be filled.          *Atlanta--December 4,201 1--December 6, 2011          *Bangkok--January 4, 2012~January 7, 2012          *Boston--February 5, 2012~February 9, 2012          *San Francisco--February 13, 2012~February 16, 2012                                                                                          Becoming an international educator will offer you a journey you will value for decades to come.In addition, while each school experience is unique, you'll teach your subject in English, earn a competitive salary and enjoy excellent benefits packages  , high-quality facilities, small class sizes.[:Ks5u.com] You'll meet new people i have a lasting effect on children across the world and discover a new world. If you or someone you know is interested in teaching overseas, contact the Educational Staffing Department at edustaf fing@iss, eduor by phone at 609-452-0990.          Visit www.iss.edu to learn more. \n Answer: Travelling experience.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT related to the basic requirements for a teaching position?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f24d532a9f2416d86b8e37689f0cb9f",
            "input": "Article: A news release is a tool of communication,through which information is passed to even the farthest end of the world.It keeps us well informed of the happenings of the world which would otherwise remain unknown. When writing a news release,keep in mind that the media receive hundreds of releases every day.Try to follow these guidelines:Keep it short and professional.Come up with a _ headline that will grasp someone's attention.Sometimes the title will take more time to come up with than writing the release.That's okay-the headline could be critical for getting an event covered! Cover the 5 W's in your first paragraph.Those are who you are; what you are doing;where,when you are doing;why you are doing it,which help us understand the details about the event.Besides,any opinions in the news release should be put in quotations from your designated spokesperson.Include things that the media finds newsworthy,which is the most essential. Make the time on your news release at least half an hour later than the time you have told activists to show up at an event.This will ensure that activists are prepared and in place by the time the media arrive. Choose a spokesperson for the event who can be quoted in the release and will be available for calls at that number the day before the event. Have someone proof the release for spelling,grammar and content(determine whether what you are trying to relay is clear and right).Sometimes the person who writes the release may not notice mistakes that a fresh pair of eyes will catch. Accuracy is the last but not least important in terms of your content and the location and time that you tell the media.If you do make a mistake,it is critical that you call and notify the media of the correction. \n Answer: To ask us to read news release on the latest events.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-37914db85055455190eeeb0550717cb8",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever intended to be fully absorbed in your work but found yourself distracted by e-mail, the Internet and other things throughout the day? According to the survey made by a famous university in the USA, most people have the experience. \"People often lose their concentration when they are bored, of course, but also when they are engaged in challenging tasks,\" says Peter Bregman, the head of the survey. \"They sometimes have a feeling to escape from what's difficult or boring, so they jump out,\" he says. The part of the brain devoted to attention is connected to the brain's emotional center. Any strong emotion --quarrels with colleagues, problems at home --can interrupt our attention. Studies over the last decade have shown that too much work to do at a time can easily lead to distraction. Refocusing is hard for many people. Robert Epstein suggests the following, \"Stop and listen to some soft music for a few minutes. Find a good friend or a teacher and say out your matter on your mind. Go for a short walk or take a deep breath, where you breathe in deeply, count to five slowly, hold it and breathe out very slowly.\" This can \"blow out all the tension and the unwanted in your mind to _ your focus.\" Take more control by structuring your time and becoming more aware of your behaviors. \"Setting the phone alarm to go off every hour is my way of creating awareness,\" Mr. Bregman says. \"You have to inform yourself that you've lost focus in order to do something about it.\" Starting the day with a to-do list is also important, such as when to eat, when to go to the gym or take a walk. But if it's overly ambitious, you will put yourself in a state of anxiety, which makes it hard for the brain to concentrate. \"Choosing three or four things as your priority for the day allows your brain to settle down and focus,\" he says. \n Answer: They don't want to be devoted to their work.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which is NOT the reason why some people can be distracted from their work?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-557f73fc73f14f90bb8fad436623066b",
            "input": "Article: What is your favorite English letter? Many of you may say Q. Why? Because so many of you chat with your friends on QQ. What do you like about QQ? What do you talk about? The CCTV reporter, Miss Wang, interviews three kids. Let's listen to what they say. When do you chat on QQ? What do you talk about? Lin yuhan, Xi'an: On weekends. We talk about homework and chat with each other. Tang Xuting, Shanghai: At weekends and when I don't have much homework. We exchange test answers and chat. Yang yuhang, Dalian: Our class goes online together at 4:00----6:00pm on weekends. We complain about homework, chat and talk about computer games. What do you put on your QQ blog ? Lin: I put good articles I have found online on my blog. I also write articles myself. They are about funny things that have happened in my class. Tang: I put picture on my blog. Not my own photos, but pictures from my favorite Japanese cartoons like Tennis Prince Conan. Yang: I put DV films on my blog. I shoot them during sports meetings and school parties. The most popular one is about a dancing teacher,  he is so funny that everyone watches it. How do you like QQ? Lin: It's a good space for us to make a record of our lives of both good times and sad times. Tang: My friends and I may not have time to chat at school. But we can do it on QQ. It's very helpful to our friendships. Yang: If you chat with friends on the telephone, your parents sometimes listen to your conversation. There's no such problem with QQ. You can relax and talk freely. \n Answer: Good articles.",
            "output": [
                "What does Lin Yuhan put on her QQ blog?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-552bc18f6c844e02bf8d576c0b0297e6",
            "input": "Article: Names have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education. As colleges struggle for market share, they are looking for names that project the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make. Trenton State College, for example, became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admission standards and appealing to students from throughout the state. \"All I hear in higher education is, 'Brand, brand, brand,'\" said Tim Westerbeck, who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lippmann Hearne, a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations. \"There has been a sea change over the last 10 years. Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education.\"     Not all efforts at name changes are successful, of course. In 1997, the New School for Social Research becameprefix = st1 /NewSchoolUniversityto reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges, offering a list of majors that includes psychology, music, urban studies and management. But New Yorkers continued to call it theNewSchool. Now, after spending an undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultant's creation of \"naming structures\", \"brand architecture\" and \"identity systems\", the university has  _ a new name: theNewSchool. Beginning Monday, it will adopt new logos, banners, business cards and even new names for the individual colleges, all to include the words \"theNewSchool\".     Changes in names generally show significant changes in how a college wants to be accepted. In changing its name from Cal State, Hayward, to Cal State, East Bay, the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban counties east ofSan Francisco.     Beaver College turned itself intoArcadiaUniversityin 2001 for several reasons: to break the connection with its past as a women's college, to promote its growth into a full-fledged university and, officials acknowledged, to put an end to jokes about the college's old name on late-night television and \"morning zoo\" radio shows. Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce vital results. At Arcadia, in addition to the rise in applications, the average student's test score has increased by 60 points, Juli Roebeck, an Arcadiaspokeswoman, said. \n Answer: They prefer higher education competition.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the reason for colleges to change their names?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6327be85872a48e49146a4c237e8c1d5",
            "input": "Article: Street art can be found on buildings, sidewalks, street signs and even trash cans from Tokyo to Paris to New York City. This special kind of art can take the form of paintings, sculptures, cloth or even stickers. Street art has become part of a global visual culture. Now, even art museums and galleries are collecting the work of street artists. It is not easy to provide an exact history of the street art movement. This kind of art has developed in many kinds of ways in places all over the world. Also, because it is illegal to paint public and private property without permission, street artists usually work secretly. This secretive nature of street art and its countless forms make it hard to define exactly. And people have different opinions about the movement. Some think street art is a crime and destroys property. But others see this art as a rich form of non-traditional cultural expression.  Many experts say the movement began in New York City in the nineteen sixties. Young adults would use paint in special cans to spray their TAG on walls and train cars around the city. This tag was a name they created to identify themselves and their artwork. This colorful style of writing is also called graffiti. It is visually exciting and energetic. Graffiti also became a separate movement expressing the street culture of young people living in big cities. Graffiti art represented social and political rebellion. These artists could travel around areas of the city making creative paintings for everyone to see. Sometimes this street art created a dispute between artists and city officials. Graffiti artists created their images and city officials quickly painted over them. During the 1980s, two famous New York painters--Keith Haring and Jean Michel began showing their work in art galleries and museums. This is when street art started to become part of the more general popular culture. \n Answer: Not all the people think that the street art is a rich form of cultural expression.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae85825b7e87463fa90f6e5468ec8150",
            "input": "Article: Surtsey was born in 1963. Scientists saw the birth of this island.It began at 7:30 am . on 14th November . A fishing boat was near Iceland.The boat moved under the captain's   feet . He noticed a strange smell.He saw some black smoke .A volcano   was breaking out . Red hot rocks,fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom of the sea . The island grew quickly.It was 10 metres high the next day and 60 metres high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch.It was exciting.Smoke and fire were still rushing up. Pieces of red hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the sea. The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky. Surtsey grew and grew. Then it stopped in June 1967. It was 175 metres high and 2 kilometres 1ong.And life was already coming to Surtsey. Plants grew.Birds came.Some scientists built a house.They wanted to learn about this young island. A new island is like a new world. \n Answer: In June 1967.",
            "output": [
                "When did scientists fly there to watch the birth of the island?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-826a76bd59b942528d2fc9241a55be45",
            "input": "Article: My father always told me never to ever reveal my true opinions towards other people unless such opinions are positive. He said this is the \"Chu Shi Zhe Xue\", the philosophy of dealing with social network.   It seems that everybody here just follows this philosophy very, very well.  I would say that if I were given true friendship I would definitely treasure it with my greatest care. If I really regard someone as my close friend, I would never leave her alone whenever she's in need, either financially or mentally. And I always believe, as long as I treat people with whole-hearted honesty, I would have some rewards--at least, just ONE true friend of the same gender.  Sometimes I just miss my friends in China. Perhaps when we became friends, we were still young, too young to have been polluted by any dirt in the society. But here, it is simply different. It seems that all of us have learned how to survive in a foreign land and such an experience actually makes us learn how to get the most benefits from the surroundings in order to survive.  All are friends around me. I've looked through all the dark sides of their personalities and yet I have to pretend that I know nothing. I say to myself:They are good and we are friends\". And then I can make myself comfortable enough to talk to people I hate the most. And of course, they don't say any words truly from their hearts. Neither do I.  However, sometimes I just feel unwilling to talk to these people. Sometimes, I just want to be alone, quietly, without being forced to listen to their gossip or other useless words. \"Standing on a mountain high Looking at the moon through a clear blue sky I should go and see some friends           But they don't really comprehend\"     The singer expresses my feelings, too. \n Answer: He can get on well with others.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the writer's father according to this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e29f486781c425e8d452e5741018b4e",
            "input": "Article: Life is full of sweet surprises for Chinese pop singer Edell.     She majored in design in a Canadian college. But when she was looking for a job after graduation, she found herself rising as a star in singing. Then she became a hostess on TV. \"These are roles I never expected to take,\" she said.     Edell is open to every possibility in life, not afraid to try new things. She says that every day she tries to get herself ready to take any chance that occurs in life.     \"My mom told me chance only rewards those with a prepared mind,\" she said. \"So I've tried to explore my potential talents. Thus I won't be at a loss when the right opportunity comes up.\" Edell learned ballet in her childhood until she broke her back in practice. She then fell in love with music.      Like many girls of her age, she has a rich collection of CDs. But she never dreamed of being a singer. One day she was noticed by a talent scout . she gave a try and succeeded! And that's not the end of the story.     Once she was invited to be the hostess of the Asian MTV Awards in Thailand. Though she has never had any experience, she accepted the invitation. \"At least I could make a trip to the foreign country,\" she said. Upon arrival at the ceremony, she had to read through a 91-page English biography of every guest. She studied it so much that she could recite all the details in it.     It helped her greatly. She greeted those strange faces she had never seen before and talked with them like an old friend. She did a great job. The MTV channel was so satisfied that they offered her a job as a TV hostess.\"Try to get yourself well-prepared in life,\" she said. \"In the meantime, try to live your life with brains.\" \n Answer: Prepare for your chances",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7178c1276ce04d83b860fdf5c4f13cb0",
            "input": "Article: 'Well,' began Enfield, 'I was coming home about three o'clock on a black winter morning, when suddenly I saw two people. The first was a short man who was walking along the street, and the second was a little girl who was running as fast as she could. Well, the two bumped into each other and the child fell down. Then a terrible thing happened. The man calmly walked all over the child's body with his heavy boots, and left her screaming on the ground. It was an inhuman thing to do. I ran after the man, caught him and fetched him back. There was already a small crowd around the screaming child. The man was perfectly cool, but he gave me a very evil look, which made me feel sick in my stomach. The child's family then arrived, and also a doctor. The child had been sent to fetch the doctor for a sick neighbor, and was on her way home again. '\"The child is more frightened than hurt,\" said the doctor -- and that, you would think, was the end of the story. But, you see, I had taken a violent dislike to the short man. So had the child's family -- that was only natural. But the doctor, who seemed a quiet, kind man, was also looking at our prisoner with murder in his eyes. 'The doctor and I understood each other perfectly. Together we shouted at the man, and told him we would tell this story all over London so that his name would be hated. 'He looked back at us with a proud, black look. \"Name your price,\" he said. 'We made him agree to a hundred pounds for the child's family. With another black look, the man led us to that door over there. He took out a key and let himself into the building. _ he came out and handed us ten pounds in gold and a cheque for ninety pounds from Coutts's Bank. The name on the cheque was a well-known one. '\"See here,\" said the doctor doubtfully, \"it isn't usual for a man to walk into an empty house at four in the morning and come out with another man's cheque for nearly a hundred pounds.\" '\"Don't worry,\" said the man with an ugly look, \"I'll stay with you until the banks open, and change the cheque myself.\" 'So we all went off, the doctor and the prisoner and myself, and spent the rest of the night at my house. In the morning we went together to the bank. Sure enough, the cheque was good, and the money was passed to the child's family.' \n Answer: The doctor did not trust the short man and disliked him.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage above?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e16143034214eddac71660798d68c6a",
            "input": "Article: Teresa was born in Yugoslavia on August 27,1910. Her parents were Albanians  and member of the Roman Catholic Church. When she was seven years old, her father was murdered. She decided not to be filled with hate because of this tragedy . Instead, she would seek a life of love. This ambition led her to Ireland where she became a nun  at the age of eighteen. After only one year of training, she was sent to India to teach in a school called Loretto House, where the students were mostly from rich Indian families. After 15 years there, she left her duties as a teacher to \"follow Christ into the slums .\" Her heart led her away from the rich to the needs of the poor. She was then 36 years old. Teresa no longer was affiliated  with the Irish nuns who sent her to Loreto House but worked independently. However, her work was recognised by the Pope in Rome for she still was a nun. He allowed her to set up her own group, which was called the Missionaries of Charity . She no longer dressed as a nun in the European or Irish tradition. Instead, she put on a sari, the local dress of the Indian people. At first, people were sceptical  about her motives. Soon, they realised she was really interested in loving poor people, even those who were dying and had no chance of survival. Soon, other Indian people began to spare time to help Mother Teresa. She had taught everyone that the poor and dying people need love most of all. In 1979, she won the Nobel Peace Prize. \n Answer: The poor life of her childhood.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Mother Teresa become a nun?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3594f5510da5482795d6bb96cd2fd7f2",
            "input": "Article: The Streisand Effect When Barbra Streisand discovered in 2003 that a photograph of her California beach house was among 12,000 photos on the Internet as part of a collection by a photographer Kenneth Adelman, she did what any famous person would do: hit him with a $50 million lawsuit  . But in trying to hold back the images, she caused a different result. Her legal actions led to almost half a million people visiting the website, viewing and copying the photos within a month. Ever since then, the effect of letting public know something you are trying to keep secret has been called the \"Streisand effect\". The problem for anyone trying to cover up information is that the Internet is the world's biggest and most useful copying machine. Put a document   on to a connected machine and it will spread. So when you want to be famous, you can't, but if you find yourself receiving too much attention and want to remove yourself, you cannot.   There are many examples of the Streisand effect. Nine-year-old Martha Payne created a simple blog, posting the meals her school served. She took a photo of what was hardly a satisfying meal by anyone's standards. With the photo, she added a comment, \"Now Dad understands why I am hungry when I get home.\" The thing did not go too far, until the local authority   banned   little Martha from doing that again. Martha posted a final post called \"Goodbye\", explaining everything. Once the media found this out, things went from bad to worse for the authority. Now the blog has more than 9.5 million page views. Martha has even expanded her blog by including pictures of school meals taken by other kids from all over the world, like Germany and Japan. We can find similar examples throughout history. Man has experienced the Streisand effect ever since the birth of mass communication. Why does it exist? Every time you are told not to see what's in the secret shiny box wrapped in gift paper, you're going to do everything in your power to do exactly that! Just realizing that knowing something about someone is harmful to their status, we will want to know that piece of information. This is exactly the human nature. This is what lawyers and authorities should be familiar with. Unfortunately, a few of them fail to understand it. \n Answer: The authority's order.",
            "output": [
                "What speeded up the spread of Martha's story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8294baeafb894cc4a9e04485c7763b50",
            "input": "Article: The Isle of Wight, off the south coast of England, is the best place in Europe for discovering dinosaur bones. Dinosaur Farm Museum was established in 1993. Since then, the museum has introduced the study of old bones to many more people. What we offer Visitors can enjoy our displays, or watch us cleaning dinosaur bones and other fossils found on the island's beaches. The museum has a variety of different fossils, many of them never displayed to the public before. As more are discovered all the time, you can be sure of seeing something new each time you visit. We have a free Fossil Identification Service, so you can bring in any fossils you have and find out what they are. In addition, we have a reasonably-priced Museum Shop, where you can buy a souvenir of your visit. You could also bring a picnic and relax in our special picnic area. Activities Fossil hunts are organized from the museum and run all year round. Groups of up to 25 are guided on a local beach where they can search for fossils. All these hunts are fully licensed and insured, and guides can help to identify any fossils found and point out things of interest. Due to the popularity of these hunts, all trips must be booked by a personal visit to Dinosaur Farm Museum. Did you know...? The BBC programme \"Live from Dinosaur Island\" was filmed along the coast here, and Dinosaur Farm Museum was the base for the television crew. Find out more Check out our website at _ to learn in detail how we dig for dinosaurs. You can also read about the many different kinds of dinosaurs which lived in this area, which was connected to Europe 120 million years ago. \n Answer: New fossils are discovered constantly.",
            "output": [
                "Why are there always new fossils to see at the museum?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-85b792fec27a485fb2ee0cd83cd853eb",
            "input": "Article: What does the word \"home\" mean to you? How do you say the word in French? In Spanish? In your language? Although people usually know what the word means, it often has no exact translation. It's not surprising really, because the idea of home differs from country to country, and from person to person. A home is more than a roof and four walls. It's the cooking, eating, talking, playing and family living that go on inside, which are important as well. And at home you usually feel safe and relaxed. But it's not just that homes look different in different countries, they also contain different things and reveal  different attitudes and needs. For example, in cold northern Europe, there's a fire in the living room or kitchen and all the chairs face it. In the south, where the sun shines a lot and it's more important to keep the heat out, there are small windows, cool stone floors and often no carpets. We asked some people about their homes. How often do people move house in your country? \"In my country many people don't stay in one place for a very long time. They often move every ten years or so.\" Cheryl, Boston, USA What are typical features of homes in your country? \"In Britain, even in town there's always a garden and sometimes a cellar . We have separate bedrooms and living rooms. But we don't often have balconies  . The weather isn't warm enough!\" -- Pat, Exeter, England \n Answer: \"Home\" is a place where you feel safe and relaxed.",
            "output": [
                "Which one is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4b38932a9fee4a9ab2e86e80e0b5f2cd",
            "input": "Article: Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general. The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition   and heat-related health problems. But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions. Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030. Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was \"a methodological embarrassment\" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable   regions. Dr. Pielke said that \"climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost   attention.\" But the report, he said, \"will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed  .\" However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty. In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability  to climate hazards while still curbing   the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report. \n Answer: Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.",
            "output": [
                "What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a8b34bb59193468ba693d9594647fed9",
            "input": "Article: Rob Coulter worked in the wild of South Africa. He knew the animals, insects, and reptiles of Africa very well. Rob knew them so well that he became careless.     One night, while camping alone, Rob reached out to pick up a large piece of wood and felt something bite his arm. Rob didn't think much about it. But a little later, his arm began to ache. When he looked closely at it, he immediately saw two teeth marks in the skin of his arm. He realized that a poisonous snake had bitten him. His pulse became rapid.     Rob's mind raced as he thought about what he had to do to survive. Rob knew that he should remain calm, stay still, keep the injured arm below the level of his heart and avoid eating or drinking anything, especially anything with alcohol in it. He also knew that cutting the wound to suck the poison out was a bad idea.     He used his two-way radio to call for help. As he waited, he washed the bite with soap and water. To help slow the spread of the venom , he wrapped a bandage two inches above the bite and made it loose enough to slip a finger under it so that it would not cut off the flow of blood. Then, after about half an hour, his friend Mike arrived. Mike took Rob to the local hospital, where Rob was given antivenin--an antidote for snake venom.     Rob still enjoys camping, but he is now very careful not to disturb snakes. \n Answer: A travel magazine.",
            "output": [
                "Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ace48baeb63f44e3b932134faddf1eb5",
            "input": "Article: The vast jungles of the Amazon rainforest are home to tribes mostly isolated from the outside world,whose way of life,largely unchanged for hundreds of years,is now increasingly threatened by modern civilization. Now, scientists discover they can monitor these\"uncontacted tribes\"using satellites,which would allow inexpensive and safe tracking of these tribes in order to protect them from outside threats. In order to help conserve these uncontacted Indians,researchers need accurate estimates of their populations.One way to collect this data involves flying over their villages,but such overflights are both expensive and could fill these native peoples with fear.Another strategy involves meeting individuals on the ground,but among other risks,scientists could accidentally spread disease to members of the tribes. Instead,scientists investigated whether satellite imaging could monitor uncontacted tribes. The result was inspiring.They confirmed their locations and measured the sizes of their Village,houses and gardens.\"We can find isolated vinages with remote sensing and study them over time.\"Walker told Live Science.\"We can ask:Are they growing?Do they move?\" Surprisingly,based on the sizes of the houses and Villages,the scientists find the population densities of these isolated villages are about 10 times greater,on average,than other villages of native Brazilian peoples.This may be due to the fact that they have to live closer together because they are not as good at clearing the forest,since they lack modern devices like chainsaws and tractors,the researchers said.The tribes may also be afraid of spreading out due to fear of being attacked by outsiders,Walker said. The researchers now plan to focus on 29 more isolated villages to\"look at their ecology--that is.distance from rivers and roads--and use this to model where else we can find more isolated villages,\"Walker said. \n Answer: Isolated Amazon tribes are monitored with satellites.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b06bec8dcd664c0c8f11ca0e3fe8ce84",
            "input": "Article: One of my wonderful memories is about a Chrismas gift . Unlike other gifts,it came Wrap . On September 11th ,1958,Mum gave birth to Richard. After she brought him home from hospital,she put him in my lap ,saying,\"I promised you a gift ,and here it is.\" What an honor!I Turned four a month earlier and none of my friends had such a baby doll of their own.I played with It day and night .Isang to it .I told it stories .I told it over and over how much I loved it!    One morning ,however,I found its bed empty. My doll was gone! Icried for it.Mum and Told me that the poor little thing bad been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days I Heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as \"hopeless\",\"pitiful\",and \"dying\",which sounded  Ominous.   Chistmas was coming . \"Don't expect any present this year ,\"Dad said ,pointing at the socks I hung in the living room .\"If your baby brother lives ,that'll be Christmas engouh.\" As he spoke ,his eyes filled with tears .I'd never seen him cry before . The phone rang early on Christmas moning . Dad jumped out of bed to answer it From my bedroom I heard him say ,\"What? He's all rght?\" He hung up and shouted upstairs .\"The hospital said we can bring Richard home !\"  \"Thank God !\" I heard Mum cry . From the upstairs window,I watched my parents rush out to the car. I had never seen them happy.And I was also full of joy.What a wonderful day!My baby doll would be home.I  downstairs. My sccks still hung there flat.But I knew they were not empty; they were filled w  love! \n Answer: Disappointment.",
            "output": [
                "Which word can best describe the feeling of the father when Christrmas was coming?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c174d9f44884b5f904d77ec41a99a78",
            "input": "Article: From March 29 to April 19, a new version of Death of a Salesman was performedat tne Capital Theatre as the first in a series   of foreign classics to mark the 60th anniversary of the Beijing People's Art Theatre.The last time this play was performed in Beijing was 29 years ago.       Death of a Salesman was created in 1949 by Arthur Miller, who  used it to reveal   the weakness of the \"American Dream\" .The main character, Willy Loman, believes wholeheartedly in American capitalism, and desires to \"succeed\" but his own greed  _ him in the end.Death of a Salesman's first performance was a huge hit on Broadway, where it shocked the American theatre world, and strengthened the 33-year-old Miller's status as a master of American theatre.The play won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, New York Drama Critics' Circle, and the Tony Award for Best Play.The New York Times praised Death of a Salesman as a milestone of 20th century theatre.In 1999, Death of a Salesman received another Tony Award for Best Revival, and the then 83-year-old Miller was given the National Medal of Arts. The 1983 version of Death of a Salesman was directed personally by Arthur Miller on a visit to China, with Beijing director and actor Ying Ruocheng as the main character of Willy Loman.On May 7, 1983, the play was performed for the first time at the Capital Theatre, and the first series of performances lasted until August 18, with over 50 performances, some of which filled the house, and all of which had great influence. When it was first performed here, China didn't have \"salesman\" , so the actors had to use their imagination to represent the characters and American society, and the audiences weren't entirely sure about some information.For example, they couldn't understand what \"fixed payments\" were, or why, if Willy was a lower-class member of American society, his family had a house, car, refrigerator, and television.But this didn't stop the play from becoming a widely-known page in Beijing's theatre history. \n Answer: Death of a Salesman Returns to Beijing",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5d5c3d5ea6e84edf959fa5ac44cc0127",
            "input": "Article: Humans may be a bad influence on their best friends---at least when it comes to problem-solving. In a task that wasn't very tough, wolves performed must better than dogs. All the animals had to do was pull the lid off a food container, containing a sausage treat. Monique Udell studies animal behavior at Oregon State University in Corvallis. She tested 10 pet dogs and another 10 dogs from an animal shelter. In one set of tests, a person was nearby but did not encourage or discourage the dogs. Those dogs typically spent 10 to 15 percent of their time gazing at the person. They spent a mere 5 percent of their time or less touching the container. Udell offered the same challenge to wolves. These animals had been raised and fed by people but still lived outdoors. Here, the wolves didn't look at the nearby person. Instead, they devoted about 90 percent of the time to struggling with the box holding a treat. When someone walked around the dogs and actively encouraged them to keep trying to open the  box, the dogs did spend more time handling the problem. A few more even managed to open the box. But their success rate still did not match the wolves. The dogs and wolves were also tested when no one was present. But even then, the dogs didn't paw or teat the box much more than they did when a human was present. \n Answer: It made them able to compete with the wolves",
            "output": [
                "What was the effect of encouragement on the dogs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-541c4df1f3fa46d19950a4ad88cc9a74",
            "input": "Article: Nervous suspects locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow color on the door . If they are close to confessing a crime , the blue on the wall might _ . Gwent Police have abandoned colors such as greys and browns of the 20th-century police cell and have used color psychology to decorate them . Ystrad Mynach station , which recently opened at a cost of PS5 million has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia . Designers have painted the frames yellow , which researchers say is a calming color . Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the color is likely to encourage truthfulness . The station has 31 cells , including 12 with a \"live scan\" system for drunken or disturbed prisoners , which detects the rise and fall of their chest . An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner's breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened . Designers and psychologists have worked for years on color . Blue is said to suggest trust , efficiency , duty , logic , coolness , thinking and calm . It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness . It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter , soft colors will calm the mind and aid concentration . Yellow is linked with confidence , self-respect and friendliness get the color wrong and it could cause fear , depression and anxiety , but the right yellow can lift spirits and self-respect . Ingrid Collins , a psychologist who specializes in the effects of color , said that color was an \" energy force \" . She said : \" Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication . \" Yellow , she said , affected the mind . Red , on the other hand , should never be considered because it could increase aggression . Mrs. Collins praised the designers for using colors in the cells . Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with color to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate , In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy . \n Answer: Scanning equipment .",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following helps alert officers if someone stops breathing ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad98b133f3b64f6cac9232a8a3a16b60",
            "input": "Article: Postcards to myself In 50 years of traveling Colin McCorpuodale has visited every country in the world, except three.And everywhere he goes,he sends himself a postcard.He always chooses a postcard with a beautiful view,and sticks on an interesting stamp.Usually he writes just a short message to himself.His latest one,from the Malians island,read Good fishing. On a wall in his home in London there is a large map of the world.There are hundreds of little red pins stuck in it.\"It's good to get a pin in the map,\" says Mr.McCorquodale, \"but I follow the rules.I'm allowed to stick one in only if I've  been in a place for more than 24 hours.\" Naturally,Mr.McCorpuodale has his favorite places.New Zealand he describes as\"wonderful\".In Europe,he says,\"Italy is a favorite place.But in Italy tourists are worried that they will get ripped off because people there often charge too much for something.\"Of China he says,\"This is one country in the world which is completely different.There is no European influence\". Wherever he goes,Mr.McCorpuodale takes with him a photo of his wife,a candle,a torch,a shirt with a secret pocket, and a pen for writing his postcards. So why does he do it? For the postcards or the travel?  Mr.McCorpuodale laughs.\"I do it for the journey,\"he says.\"I get a kick out of traveling,and all the planning.\" \n Answer: A beautiful view",
            "output": [
                "What is written on his latest postcard?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-23bfee96c52e46a098b86a2dbd4679de",
            "input": "Article: Daniel Brown was just five years old when he climbed into the family car and let it roll away down the road. He was only three when he flooded the kitchen.       His mother, Angela Brown is very busy looking after her new baby, a little girl called Laura, as well as Daniel. She told us, \"Daniel is so full of curiosity  .\" At that moment, we hear a loud noise and then silence. We go upstairs and find Daniel getting out of a wardrobe which he has pulled over onto the floor, with a book in his hand. \"It's for you, Mum,\" he says and looks up at his mum and smiles. Seven-year-old Daniel has a lovely face. He has golden hair, big brown eyes, and a friendly smile. I have to admit that Daniel doesn't look like a naughty boy.       Angela told me all about it, \"Once I found him as he was about to put Jasper in the washing machine.\" Jasper, she explained, is the Browns' dog. \"When I asked him why, he said that he thought Jasper was dirty! It's amazing how one little boy can cause so much trouble. Another time he cut off all the hair of the little girl next door. She was going to attend her sister's wedding and the neighbors haven't spoken to us since.\"       Angela told me about Daniel's most expensive crime. \"I was about to do the washing up when the baby started crying. Daniel decided to help and filled the kitchen sink with water. When I came in, the water was already flooding the kitchen and was about to flood the hall. The carpet was ruined and had to be replaced. I hope things will get better as he gets older.\"       Amazingly, Daniel is quite well behaved in school. This may be because he is seldom bored. Meanwhile he continues to be the naughtiest little boy in England. Will his baby sister Laura grow up to be the naughtiest little girl? \n Answer: He flooded the kitchen.",
            "output": [
                "What did Daniel do while his mother was talking to the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-882296444d3b4cb88d656d0359c10e3f",
            "input": "Article: Everyone, please think of your biggest personal goal. For real - you can take a second. You've got to feel this to learn it. Take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal, okay? Imagine deciding right now that you're going to do it. Imagine telling someone that you meet today what you're going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image   of you. Doesn't it feel good to say it out loud? Don't you feel one step closer already, like it's already becoming part of your identity? Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling now will make you less likely to do it. Repeated psychology tests have proved that telling someone your goal makes it less likely to happen. Any time you have a goal, there are some steps that need to be done, some work that needs to be done in order to achieve it. Ideally, you would not be satisfied until you had actually done the work. But when you tell someone your goal and they acknowledge it, psychologists have found that it's called a \"social reality\". The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that it's already done. And then, because you felt that satisfaction, you're less motivated to do the actual hard work necessary. So, this goes against the conventional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals. Peter Gollwitzer wrote a whole book about this and in 2009, he did some new tests that were published.     It goes like this: 163 people across four separate tests - everyone wrote down their personal goals.Then, half of them announced their commitment to this goal to the room, and half didn't. Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them toward their goals, but they were told that they could stop at any time. Now, those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes, on average, and when asked afterward, said that they felt that they had a long way to go to still achieve their goals. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes, on average, and when asked afterward, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goals. So audience, next time you want to tell someone your goal, what will you say? (Silence) Exactly - well done. \n Answer: Why it's not necessarily wise to announce your personal goals to others.",
            "output": [
                "What is the article mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9b0f934efae41f8951784e0796e758b",
            "input": "Article: Once upon a time two brothers who lived on neighbouring farms fell into conflict. It was the first serious one in 40 years of farming side by side, sharing machinery, and trading labor and goods as needed . Then the long cooperoration fell apart. It began with a small misunderstanding and it grew into a major difference, and finally it exploded into an exchange of bitter words followed by weeks of silence.  One morning there was a knock on John's door. He opened it to find a man with a carpenter's toolbox. \"I'm looking for a few days' work\" he said. \"Perhaps you would have a few small jobs here and there I could help with. Could I help you?\"  \"Yes,\" said the older brother. \"I do have a job for you. Look across the creek  at that farm. That's my neighbor, in fact, it's my younger brother. Last week there was a meadow  between us and he took his bulldozer  to the river levee  and now there is a creek between us. Well, he may have done this to spite me, but I'll go him one better. I want you to build me a fence -- an 8-foot fence -- so I won't need to see his place or his face any more. Cool him down , anyhow.\"  The carpenter said, \"I think I understand the situation. I'll be able to do a job that pleases you.\"  The older brother had to go to town, so he helped the carpenter get the materials ready and then he was off for the day. The carpenter worked hard all that day measuring, sawing, nailing, and hammering.  About sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter had just finished his job. The farmer's eyes opened wide, his jaw dropped.  There was no fence there at all. It was a bridge -- a bridge stretching from one side of the creek to the other! A fine piece of work -- and his younger brother, was coming across, his hand spread out ..  \"You are quite a fellow to build this bridge after all I've said and done.\"  The two brothers stood at each end of the bridge, and then they met in the middle, taking each other's hand. They turned to see the carpenter lift his toolbox on his shoulder. \"No, wait! Stay a few days. I've a lot of other projects for you,\" said the older brother.  \"I'd love to stay on,\" the carpenter said, \"but, I have many more bridges to build.\" \n Answer: They were friendly neighbours ,helping each other .",
            "output": [
                "What was the life for the two brothers before the conflict ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-09bfda80adff498daf9ec3ff988a15b4",
            "input": "Article: BERLIN(AP)--A tiger escaped its enclosure at Cologne Zoo in western Germany on Saturday and killed a female keeper before being shot dead by the zoo's director,police said. The tiger slipped through a passage between the enclosure and a neighboring storage building,where it fatally attacked the 43yearold keeper,said police spokesman Stefan Kirchner. \"It appears the gate wasn't properly shut,\" Kirchner told the Associated Press. The zoo was evacuated and a SWAT  team was called in,police said.But before it arrived the zoo's director managed to kill the tiger by climbing onto the storage building and shooting it through a skylight using a rifle. Kirchner said it was unlikely that members of the public had witnessed the incident.\"This is the darkest day of my life,\" the zoo's director,Theo Pagel,was quoted as saying by Cologne newspaper Express. The paper said on its website that the Siberian tiger was a 4yearold male called Tltai that came to Cologne Zoo from an animal park in England.In November it fathered three cubs with a 7yearold Siberian tiger called Hanya,according to the zoo's website. Police said the zoo reopened after Saturday's incident,which occurred around noon.However,a planned latenight opening of the zoo has been canceled. Cologne Zoo is one of the oldest zoos in Germany.It was founded in 1860 and houses some 10,000 animals comprising more than 700 different species. \n Answer: Tiger Escaped,Killed a Keeper in German Zoo",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title of the news text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dcfa5ab4e2334f3dab02f525c70098bd",
            "input": "Article: Mars is the planet most like Earth.Flying to Mars is a difficult task for humans. There is an experiment with the name \"Mars 500\" in Russia.Six volunteers take part in the experiment.They come from China, Russia, France and Italy.They won't go to outer space.They will stay in small modules   on the ground for 520 days.It's just like a real journey In the modules, they will experience a lot: flying to Mars, flying back and working on Mars.During the long \"journey\", the volunteers can only eat space food.They can shower every 10 days.They can call their friends or families.Anyone of them can _ if he doesn't feel well.This experiment helps scientists know how well humans will be on a long journey to Mars. Wangyue, 26, from China, is the youngest of the volunteers.He is a teacher at the China Astronaut Research and Training Center   in Beijing. \n Answer: The name of the experiment is \"Mars 500\".",
            "output": [
                "Which of the statement is Not True?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4ad523fc883c4c2bb16707911f69bea4",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever wanted to feel like you were in a western film? Or maybe you wanted to feel like you were a pioneer traveling the west? It is possible to experience such things during a Wild West vacation! Here are four of the best Wild West vacation locations available: Walk the Lewis and Clark Trail Walk some or all of the 3,700 miles trail that was traversed by Mariwether Lewis and William Clark, two of the world's greatest explorers. Though not all the trails are marked, there are various stops that have been preserved by various historic societies. There is also a coach   that makes a 16-day _ following the trail. This begins in St. Louis, Missouri, and ends in Astoria, Oregon. Venture Route 66 Take a tour or go to see it yourself -- ride on the famous Route 66. The road is nearly 2,500 miles long. Harley Davidson offers motorcycle tours that last two weeks. Route 66 will provide an experience that may only be found on the open road. The historic road is still well taken care of. Visit the Grand Canyon Visit the greatest canyon in the world, located in Northern Arizona. Raft down the Colorado River, or hike the various trails that run throughout the canyon. If walking is not your thing, there are donkey and horse riding adventures available. In addition, there are motorized boats that float down through the canyon in a week's time. Visit Deadwood Located in South Dakota, Deadwood is a historic landmark. It is the kind of town that comes to mind when one thinks of an old western film. Actors who act as gunslingers   will often be seen in the streets playing their roles. Winter activities are popular in this old town, and there is always something to do. \n Answer: A donkey riding adventure.",
            "output": [
                "Which of following riding adventures can tourists take on Route 66?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-276df1777a344014aa2790ae2ea625d1",
            "input": "Article: Picking up objects plays an important role in people's life. El-E is a robot that is designed to get everyday objects for people with disabilities. About 1.5 meters tall, with a single robotic arm that can pick up objects at different heights, El-E is equipped to discover what its owner wants and then go and fetch it. The user can point a location to the robot using a \"point-and-click\" way of interaction, which provides a direct way to tell the robot which object to handle or where to go. The robot can adapt the position of its arm in order to grasp the object. After successful early trials, some scientists expanded El-E's functions and tried to combine voice commands with the laser   in order to do more complicated tasks, like opening doors. The robot recognizes words such as \"pull\" or \"push\" and performs the action on an object illuminated by the laser. In order to add more functions, project director Prof. Charlie and his colleagues are focusing on programming El-E to locate and fetch common household items such as a hairbrush, a bottle of pills or a cell phone. The robot is also designed to learn from its mistakes. \"If it fails to fetch an object, it will recognize it and try again,\" Charlie said. Formal studies have shown El-E to be a good worker. In 127 out of 134 trials, the robot successfully picked up the requested object. \n Answer: To stress the importance of El-E.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ce0db9ff27cd4b31b48ba6f4f3bfd988",
            "input": "Article: When George was thirty-five, he bought a small plane and learned to fly it.  He soon became very good and made his plane do all kinds of tricks  .  George had a friend, whose name was Mark. One day George offered to take Mark up in his plane. Mark thought, \" I've traveled in a big plane several times, but I've never been in a small one, so I'll go. \" They went up, and George flew around for half an hour and did all kinds of tricks in the air.  When they came down again,  Mark was glad to be back safely, and he said to his friend in a shaking voice, \"Well , George,  thank you very much for those two trips in your plane.\" George was very surprised and said, \" Two trips? \"     \" Yes, my first and my last. \" answered Mark. \n Answer: Mark decided to fly in George's small plane.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is false?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-516cc218a5f04764b7653ac1f2b5d5c0",
            "input": "Article: With my hands and knees on the floor of the airplane, I was searching for an old lady's missing hearing aid during the flight from Sydney to Los Angeles. It occurred to me that this may not be the most dignified posture for a Buddhist nun . I had seen the old lady from the seat in front of me as she walked up and down the passage with a flashlight. I asked a few times what was wrong, but she didn't answer at first --- she couldn't hear me. She was wearing a woolen coat. Judging from her accent, she came from Eastern Europe. Do you know what hearing aids cost? Thousands, especially for the new tiny hidden-in-the-ear type she described. It takes a long time for an appointment to make a new one, and many doctor visits to get the thing adjusted right. Therefore, my dignity seemed less important than finding that hearing aid. But how does one find a tiny black object in a shadowy jet cabin ? The lady wasn't even sure where or when she had lost it. At one point, a couple of flight attendants did a random search around the lady's seat; I wasn't impressed. They left suggesting that she search the seat of her previous flight! My flashlight turned up all kinds of small objects, bits of plastic, broken pieces of headphones. The old lady said that she gave up. Yet I couldn't. After we landed, as passengers streamed past us, I insisted that the lady move aside while awaiting her wheelchair. Then I got into a real down and dirty search among the dust under her seat and on the floor. Look! A little peanut-sized shiny black object caught the light of my flashlight in a floor crack near her seat. What a rush. \"I found it!\" With great astonishment and gratitude, the old lady responded, \"I haven't the words to express my thanks!\" \n Answer: She wanted to stand out among the passengers.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author put her hands and knees on the floor?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dbe1b4f91bf743bd99a71055f4698d4f",
            "input": "Article: Hurricane  reached the northeastern United States today and caused death and destruction everywhere. The killer storm carried winds of 135 miles per hour. The high winds and heavy rains created extremely dangerous waves. It is not yet known how many people died or were hurt in this storm, but it is said that the numbers will be very high. With the arrival of the tornado season, the National Weather Service is again telling people how to protect themselves from these deadly storms. The winds from tornadoes are the most violent winds on earth. They can blow up to 400 miles per hour. A _ looks like a funnel . It is also very loud. It may sound like a train coming at you. In fact, the winds from a tornado can pick up a train and throw it around. If a tornado is seen in your area, it is very important that you protect yourself. A basement   is the safest place to go. Try to wait under a table in the basement. Stay away from windows. If you are outside or in your car, try to find a narrow place to hide. As the area tries to deal with the worst flood of the century, there are many heartwarming stories of people helping other people. From all over the world people have sent food and clothes to help the thousands who have had to leave their homes. Many volunteers have come to help to make sandbags and use them to build walls against the overflowing river. While the result of this disaster will be terrible for many, it is beautiful to see people coming together to help others and save lives. \n Answer: They carry winds of 135 km per hour.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is WRONG about tornados?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-929748ff4ca144ab84f66c9d19bf42eb",
            "input": "Article: My father never wanted his children to know what he did for a living.Dad worked in Plant C.Lying beside lake Erie,  it saw him in at sunrise and out at nightfall.Sometimes my mother would take my siblings  and me to the public beach in our hometown of Ashtabula.she'd gather us round.and point to the smokestacks,  coughing clouds into the sky. \"Wave to daddy!\" she'd shout.  Four little hands would shoot into the air. I never knew what Dad did in Plant C,  but during 34 years of hard work,  he had surgery  on his shoulder and hand.  At 48,  he had his first heart attack. He retired in 1993,  right after the last kid graduated from college.But the damage was done.A few years later,  the next heart attack killed him. I saw my dad in Plant C only once,  when l took dinner to him. That night,  I looked at my father,  covered in sweat and coal,  and for the first time I knew why he was so often angry for no reason Recently my father' s friend, Toby Workman, walked me there.I knew my father never wanted me to see it.At every station, he described the job and the danger.It was like listening to a foreign language.I walked past many DANGER signs.Toby put his hand on my shoulder. \"Look,\" he said,  \"you need to understand something.Your dad was a maintenance mechanic.He worked the most dangerous job.If something broke, he fixed it. \" A few days later, my daughter graduated from college.I gave her the hard hat Toby handed to me as I left,  and this note:  \" Whenever you feel something difficult,  put this on, Look in the mirror,  and remember your roots. \" \n Answer: He always faced danger while working.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE of the facts about the author's father?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-acdb2a6c596347089c7fcef9ae22845d",
            "input": "Article: How To Apply for USA Passports Online If you live in the United States, and you're planning a trip abroad, it is important to apply for new passports at least 2 months in advance (to avoid extra charges for an expedited passport processing). You can now get the application for a passport online. Some directions are detailed below: Downloading the passport application: The USA passport application, Form DS-11, is available for download on the US Department of State's website.  *The passport application form is a Portable Document Format (PDF) file, and your computer must have Adobe Acrobat Reader to open it. If you do not have Adobe Acrobat Reader, you must first download the Adobe Acrobat software. You can do so by clicking here. *If you would like to download a blank application,      click here. If you would like to fill out the application online, then print it,click here. Printing the passport application: When printing the passport application, there are several requirements that must be followed.  *You must use standard paper that is sized 8 1/2 inches by 11 inches. *The printing must be clear and legible. *The paper must be a standard medium weight, matte white (not shiny), and ink must be black. *The printer's ink must be black and there may not be any holes or perforations in the paper.  *After printing, make sure that the box for pasting on your passport photo is the correct size of 2 inches by 2 inches. *It is important to print the application on one-sided paper. An application that is printed on double-sided paper will not be accepted. *For more information on these guidelines, visit the US Department of State's website. Filling out the passport application: As stated above, there are two ways to fill out the passport application: 1) typing your answers into the online form 2) writing answers by hand, in black ink, or by use of a typewriter. In both cases, you will need to provide the following information.  *Your full name *Age *Date of birth *Place of birth *Phone number *Hair color1 *Social security number *Mailing address  *Permanent Address. *Occupation *Employer *Your parents' names and birth information *Your spouse's name and birth information *Any other names you have used previously *Your travel plans *Emergency contact information Signing the application: It is important that you do not sign the application until you take the oath administered only by an authorized passport acceptance agent. Submitting the passport application: Along with the completed passport application, you must submit the following: *Proof of US Citizenship *Proof of Identity *Two recent passport sized (2x2 inches) photographs *The passport application fee \n Answer: You can just download and open the application form and complete it online on any computer.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c70d233fbe3b4154b1126a40e3ecd72f",
            "input": "Article: Monkeys are very similar to us in many ways. We enjoy watching them because they often act like us. In fact, scientists say monkeys and humans share a common ancestor. Monkeys make us smile, too, because they are creatures full of playful tricks. This is why many monkey expressions are about tricky people or playful acts. One of these expressions is monkeyshines, meaning tricks or foolish acts. So, when a teacher says to a group of students: \"Stop those monkeyshines right now!\", you know that the kids are playing, instead of studying. You might hear that same teacher warn a student not to monkey around with a valuable piece of equipment. You monkey around with something when you are touching or playing with something you should leave alone. Also, you can monkey around when you feel like doing something, but have no firm idea of what to do.  Monkey business usually means secret, maybe illegal, activities. A news report may say there is monkey business involved in building the new airport, with some officials getting secret payments from builders. You may make a monkey out of someone when you make that person look foolish. Some people make a monkey out of themselves by acting foolish or silly. If one monkey has fun, imagine how much fun a barrel of monkeys can have. If your friend says he had more fun than a barrel of monkeys at your party, you know that he had a really good time. Monkey suits are common names for clothes or uniforms soldiers wear. In earlier years, performing monkeys' tight-fitting, color1ful jacket looked similar to a military uniform. So, people began to call a military uniform a monkey suit. \n Answer: Monkeys share a common ancestor with us.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can best state the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-98c29be3e206437b8bce0191e85478de",
            "input": "Article: For years, I thought that my mother would become a Centenarian    , but after 98 years and eight months, she recently died of old age. As it was with my father, her funeral took place in the most peaceful setting of the countryside of rural Washington County. Even after my father died, we continued to think of our parents as one. They were a team in the traditional sense. Church and family were their life- lines. They worked hard, never complaining. They expected to earn their daily bread by the sweat of their brow. Once during a conversation with Tom Brokaw, who wrote the best- selling hook The Greatest Generation, I told him, \"You left out my parents.\" They didn't go off to war, but they belonged to the Greatest Generation. They, too, were part of the foundation that made America truly great. They kept the home fires burning. Our mother gloried in being a housewife and mother. Having been a teacher in her early adult years, when education was more important than anything else, she gave up her job to raise a family .She was an excellent cook, but she had to cook on a wood stove. There was no refrigerator, nothing electric. But nobody was ever better at making do. In addition to all the household chores and responsibilities, she went to the fields every day to help produce a crop to pay the rent and to provide for the family. She and my dad worked hard to save every penny possible. They saved ever7 penny to buy a farm late in life. They also saved enough money to live out their respective live with home care without taking up residency in a nursing home. They were fiercely independent.  If you had suggested they accept a government transfer payment, they would have spit in your eye. \n Answer: Mother played a great pan in the family.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7d53f28613f94674b9a1bdc7298af693",
            "input": "Article: Hair has always been an important sign of beauty, especially true for women.Next to the face, hair is one of the main qualities people look for when they consider a woman's beauty.Whether long or short, curly or straight, hair often gets a lot of attention. Each hair grows independently of other hairs.Not all hairs experience the same period of growth at the same time.During the period of active growth, which is called Anagen, hair grows at a rate of about or one centimeter a month.About eighty five percent of hair follicles  are going through this process at any given time.This period can last from two to six years. The Catagen period of hair growth comes next.It is then that hair growth begins to slow down.This period usually lasts two or three weeks.Finally, hair growth comes to a complete stop and the hairs begin to fall out.This period is known as Telogen.Once the Telogen period has ended, the hair growth process begins again. So what happens when a person has trouble growing hair or suffers from hair loss? Your genes control how fast or how long your hair will grow.Some people have a longer than usual anagen growth period.These people may be able to grow more hair than the average person. However, others struggle to grow shoulder length hair.These people have a shorter than normal anagen period. Your health can also affect hair growth.Poor nutrition can cause some hair follicles to stop growing or cause the hairs that grow to become weak or thin.Problems with hair growth can result from thyroid (^?K JSO problems or other conditions.Health experts say people who experience a sudden increase in hair loss should seek medical advice. \n Answer: Three.",
            "output": [
                "How many periods of hair growth are discussed in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e0c612c5e30540e5814f85ab42edff7c",
            "input": "Article: Thanksgiving  Day was near. The first grade teacher gave her class a fun task----to draw a picture of something for which they were thankful. Most of the class would celebrate the holiday with turkey  and other traditional goodies  of season. These, the teacher thought, would be the subjects of her students' art. And they were. But Douglas made a different kind of picture. He drew a hand. Nothing else. Just an empty hand. Douglas was a different kind of boy. Most of the time, as other children played together, Douglas was likely to stand close by her side. Everyone could guess the pain he felt from his eyes. His picture interested other students. Whose hands could it be? One child guessed it was the hand of a farmer, because farmers raise turkeys. Another suggested a police officer, because the police protect and care for people. Still others guessed it was the hand of God, for Gold feeds us. The teacher stopped at Douglas desk, bent down, and asked him whose hand it was. The little boy looked away and said, \" It's yours, teacher.\" She recalled the times she had taken his hand and walked with him here and there. How often had she said, \"Take my hand, Douglas, we' ll go outside.\" or, \" Let me show you how to hold your pencil.\" Douglas was thankful for his teacher's hand. It means much to Douglas. He might not always say thanks, but he'll remember the hand that reaches out. She wiped her tears away and went on with her work. \n Answer: Turkey",
            "output": [
                "What did most students think of when given the task?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5242a2f0a13941baaf39567cf7d43e6c",
            "input": "Article: Americans have contributed   to many art forms, and jazz, a type of music, is one of the art forms started in the United States. Black Americans, who sang and played the music of their homeland, created jazz. Jazz is a mixture of the music of Africa, the work songs the slaves sang, and religious  music. Improvisation   is an important part of jazz. This is why a jazz song sounds a little different each time it is played. Jazz bands formed in the late 1800s. They played in bars and clubs in many towns and cities of the South, especially New Orleans. New Orleans is an international seaport, and people from all over the world come to New Orleans to hear jazz. Jazz became more and more popular. By the 1920s, jazz was popular all over the United States. By the 1940s, you could hear jazz not only in clubs and bars, but in concert halls as well. Today, people from all over the world play jazz. Jazz musicians from the United States, Asia, Africa, South America, and Europe meet and share their music at festivals on every continent. In this way, jazz continues to grow and change. \n Answer: The Development of Jazz",
            "output": [
                "What can be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-37a08d0e8f7d46c0905f681a036d81b1",
            "input": "Article: It was 11 pm. Donald Lubeck was lying in bed. Outside, lightning lit up the sky, and thunder shook the house. Suddenly he heard the smoke alarm sounding. Lubeck walked down to see what happened; he opened the door to the kitchen, and flames  just went out. The sudden strong wind from the doorway immediately created a large fire from a small one, probably caused by lightning. Lubeck went back to his bedroom to call 911. \"I felt safe because the room had a separate stairway,\" he explains. The phone didn't work, and when Lubeck tried to go down the stairway, he was stopped by a wall of flames. Lubeck realized he was in trouble. His daughter and granddaughters, who lived with him, were away for the night.  Up a hill lived Lubeck's neighbors, Jeremie Wentworth and his wife. From his house, Wentworth saw the black smoke. He rushed out, and headed towards Lubeck's house. He knew Lubeck lived in the house. He dialed 911. On the phone, the 911 worker warned Wentworth not to enter the house. \"But I told the worker, \"Sorry, but I'm going in. I can hear Lubeck shouting \"Help me!\" I can't let myself do nothing in this situation,\" /he says. \"I went in and shouted, \"Donald, where are you?\" Then I had to run outside to catch my breath.\" After one more try inside the house, he gave up. Then the wind parted the smoke just enough for him to see Lubeck on the second-floor bedroom. But there was no way to get to him.\"I finally noticed a ladder,\" says Wentworth. He set it against the wall and pulled Lubeck down. Just seconds later the floor fell down.  Within the year, Lubeck and his family built a new two-story house at the place. Wentworth and Lubeck don't run into each other often, but Lubeck now knows that if he ever needs help, Wentworth will be there. \n Answer: Because he knew his neighbor would help him.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Lubeck feel safe at the beginning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c8094ffa4156471ebbb311db764b9424",
            "input": "Article: As people have accurately observed,smiles are absent from early photographs. In 1852,for instance,a girl sat for her Daguerrotype,her head slightly turned,giving the camera an unsmiling look. She is preserved forever as a very serious girl indeed. Charles Darwin,a loving and playful parent,looks frozen in photographs. Why did our ancestors,from unknown sitters for family portraits  to the great and famous,because so sad in front of the camera? The severity is everywhere in Victorian photographs. However,you don't have to look very long at these unsmiling old photos to see how incomplete the seemingly obvious answer is-that they are freezing their faces in order to keep still for the long exposure times. In Julia Margaret Cameron's Portrait of Tennyson,the poet dreams,his face a shadowed mask of genius. This is not simply a technique. It's an emotional choice. People in the past did not go around in a continual state of sorrow. In fact,the Victorians had a sense of humor even about the darkest aspects of their society. Laughter was not just common in the past but accepted by society far more than it is today,from medieval carnivals  to Georgian print shops,where people gathered to look at the latest funnies. Far from preventing festivals and fun,the Victorians,who invented photography,also created Christmas as a celebration as it is today. So the severity of people in the 19th-century photographs cannot be the evidence of generalized sadness. This was not a society in permanent desperation. Instead,the true answer has to do with attitudes to portraiture itself. People who sat for early photographs understood it as a significant moment. Sitting for the camera was cheaper,quicker and meant that people who never had a chance to be painted could now be photographed; but people seemed to have taken it seriously in the same way they would be a painted portrait. Like a portrait painting,it was intended as a timeless record of a person. To me those unsmiling people probably had as much fun as we do,if not more. But they felt no need to prove it with pictures. Instead,when whey sat for a photograph,they thought about time,death and memory. Perhaps we should stop smiling sometimes,too. \n Answer: They enjoyed themselves.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the people in Victorian times?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-14f92431b3134b9fb9947ef54bccb4c3",
            "input": "Article: There are 132 rooms, 32 bathrooms, and 6 floors to accommodate all the people who live in, work in, and visit the White House. There are also 412 doors, 147 windows, 28 fireplaces, 7 staircases, and 3 lifts. At various times in history, the White House has been known as the \"President's Palace\", the \"President's House\", and the \"Executive Mansion\". President Theodore Roosevelt officially gave the White House its current name in 1901. The White House receives approximately 6,000 visitors a day. With five full-time chefs, the White House kitchen is able to serve as many as 140 guests and hors d'oeuvres   to more than 1,000 people. The White House requires 570 gallons of paint to cover its outside surface. For recreation, the White House has a variety of facilities available to people who live in, including a tennis court, a jogging track, a swimming pool, a movie theater and a bowling lane. The first US President to live in the White House was John Adams. Adams and his family moved to the White House in 1800, when the decoration of the building was not finished. And it was not until during Thomas Jefferson's term (1801-1809) that the decoration was finally completed. President John Tyler (1841-1845) was the first president to have his photo taken. President Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) was not only the first president to ride in an automobile, but also the first president to travel outside the country when he visited Panama  . President Franklin Roosevelt (1933-1945) was the first president to ride in an airplane. \n Answer: 6,000.",
            "output": [
                "In normal cases, how many people visit the White House per day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fa2ff86f15164fffb018040c8e291747",
            "input": "Article: Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet m discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com rums the page on the traditional idea of a book group.     Members go on the site and register books they own that they would like.sham. BookCrossing provides an identifying numb\" .stick inside the book. Then the person 'releases' the book by leaving it in a public place. The hope is that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.     Bruce Pederson is the chief executive of BookCrossing. He and his wife Hearer started the site with Ron Hombaker in 2001. Mr. Pederson says, \"One of the founding principles was the two things that change your life: tha people you meet and the books you mad. BookCrossing combines both.\"     Members leave books on park beaches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops BookCmssem hope that whoever finds their book will go m the site and record where they found it. People who find a book can also leave some renurks describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated. Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping.book to gather dust on a shelf at home.He says.\"BookCrossing is a tool that allows you to uniquely identify your book and follow it on its journey. We all have this life-changing literature that we tend to keep on our shelf and BookCrossing encourages its members to read and release and out be 'shelf-ish'.     The read and release idea of BookL1essing has spread.The site now has more than one million members in more than 135 cwrntries. \n Answer: Register the back online.",
            "output": [
                "What should a member do first before releasing a book?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fa1da7a963524b0aac8c9e099135796a",
            "input": "Article: If you go into the woods with your friends, stay with them. If you don't, you may get lost. If you do get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don't try to find your friends -- let them find you. You can help them to find you by staying in one place. There is another way to help your friends or other people nearby to find you. Give them a signal by shouting or whistling three times. Stop. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal given three times is a call for help. You will be helped by others. Keep up the shouting or whistling, always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making noise for fun. They will let you know they have heard your signal. They will give two shouts, two whistles or two gunshots. When a signal is given twice, it is an answer to a call for help. If you don't think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house and cover up the holes with branches with lots of leaves and grass. What should you do if you get hungry or need to drink some water? You should have to leave your little branch house to look for a brook. Don't just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you can find your way back. The most important thing to do when you are lost is -- stay in one place. \n Answer: Shout or whistle three times once a while.",
            "output": [
                "How do you let people believe that you are not just making noise for fun?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f880fb6a61f4b2a97320d8bf3bdc396",
            "input": "Article: Two studies are suggesting that some overweight people do not face an increased risk of developing heart disease. Researchers also found that some individuals of normal body weight have an increased risk of the disease. Being overweight does increase your risk of medical problems, but the studies found that not all heavy people are less healthy than thin people. In one study, American researchers examined medical records from over 5000 men and women. Each person had taken part in a separate study from 1999 to 2004. The searchers found that about 51% of them were overweight or obese. About 32% were obese, but considered metabolically healthy. This means they had no evidence of problems in tests for high blood pressure or other factors linked to heart disease. However, more than 23% of people who were at a healthy weight were unhealthy in two or more aspects Judith WylieRosett helped carry out the American study. She says the finding show that all obese person can still be healthy. She believes that having body fat is not as important as where the fat is found on body. It's reported that twothirds of Americans are considered overweight or obese. A second study is suggesting that fat in the liver may be an important health risk. Norbert Stefan and his team closely examined 314 people.They measured how much body fat each person had, and where it was on the body. To do this ,they used medical imaging tests. They discovered that obese people could have healthy hearts. Their results suggest that fat in the liver is more dangerous than fat in other areas. The results of both studies were published recently in the Archives of Internal Medicine.Professor WylieRosett says the findings don't mean that people shouldn't be concerned about obesity.  Experts say there are several diseases linked to obesity that make it more dangerous to be fat than thin. They say people should see their doctor to learn what health risks they may be facing and what behaviours should be changed to improve health. \n Answer: They were unhealthy in two or more aspects.",
            "output": [
                "What was found in 23% of the healthy people examined?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-74b09f773d114279acc4049982a68171",
            "input": "Article: Many people write to newspapers and magazines to express their opinions. Letters to the editor must carry the writer's full name, address and telephone number, although the information is not necessary for publication. This requirement to provide personal particulars is a clear indication that writers are responsible for what they say. When a writer wants his voice heard, he needs to claim ownership of his voice. Responsibility is the name of the game. \"People today prefer living together to putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they refuse to accept responsibility for the relationship,\" said social worker Ken Yip, \"and this is what is causing a lot of family problems.\" When we sign a paper, for example, a business contract or a bank document, the signature is a seal of consent, an agreement to take the matter seriously. Most governments and many organizations will not process written complaints if they do not bear the writer's signature. The absence of a signature, they explain, tells us that the writer cannot be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply. There are people who wish to remain anonymous  for various reasons. Multi-billionaire Mr. King donates generously to charity several times a year. He gives simply because he wants to help but not for the publicity his donations may bring, and he doesn't want his good deeds to make news. In other cases, people insist on anonymity because they are afraid of the consequences of revealing their identity. Crime witnesses may be willing to assist the police, but most are unwilling to give their names when reporting a crime. Name or no name? The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to get involved. We all have a name. It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement, a claim or an accusation. We all want to honor our own name, and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our name that we honor what we say. \n Answer: Publications must bear the writer's full name, address and phone number.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer mean by saying \"Responsibility is the name of the game\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d3527c8945654cc0a64c56d9f9be6b16",
            "input": "Article: Individuality is the particular character, or aggregate (total) of qualities that distinguishes one person or thing from others. Many artists late in the last century were in search of a means to express their individuality. Modern dance was one of the ways some of these people sought to free their creative spirit. At the beginning there was no exacting technique, no foundation from which to build. In later years, trial, error and genius founded the techniques and the principles of the movement. Eventually, innovators   even drew from what they considered the dread ballet, but first they had to get rid of all that was academic so that the new could be discovered. The beginnings of modern dance were happening before Isadora Duncan, but she was the first person to bring the new dance to general audiences and see it accepted and acclaimed  . Her search for a natural movement form sent her to nature. She believed movement should be as natural as the swaying of the trees and the rolling waves of the sea, and should be in harmony with the movements of the Earth. Her great contributions are in three areas. First, she began the expansion of the kinds of movement that could be used in dance. Before Duncan danced, ballet was the only type of dance performed in concert. In the ballet the feet and legs were emphasized, with virtuosity   shown by complex, codified positions and movements. Duncan performed dance by using her body in the freest possible way. Her dance stemmed from her soul and spirit. She was one of the pioneers who broke tradition so others might be able to develop the art. Her second contribution lies in dance costume. She rejected ballet shoes and stiff costumes. These were replaced with flowing Grecian   tunes, bare feet, and unbound hair. She believed in the natural body being allowed to move freely, and her dress displayed this ideal. Her third contribution was in the use of music. In her performances she used the symphonies of great masters including Beethoven and Wagner, which was not the usual custom. She was as exciting and eccentric   in her personal life as in her dance. \n Answer: A model for movement.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what did nature represent to Isadora Duncan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ba07ea927a2346baa347b2db236248a9",
            "input": "Article: Sir Steven Redgrave Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals \"In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes . Believing my career was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it -- the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn't difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.\" Karen Pickering Swimming World Champion \"I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success -- you can't follow a career in any field without being well-organized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you'll be a step closer to achieving them.\" Kirsten Best Poet & Writer \"When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can't achieve something. Then, there are other _ , such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as 'calm', 'peace' or 'focus', either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological  tool\" \n Answer: He overcame the bad influence of illness to win.",
            "output": [
                "What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-da42cf2b0ab34afa9e70b7118f9920be",
            "input": "Article: The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card fraud. Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal web site. Web sites offering cheap goods and services should be regarded with care. On-line shoppers who enter their credit-card information may never receive the goods they thought they bought. The thieves then go shopping with your card number -- or sell the information over the Internet. Computers hackers have broken down security systems, raising questions about the safety of cardholder information. Several months ago, 25, 000 customers of CD Universe, an on-line music retailer , were not lucky. Their names, addresses and credit-card numbers were posted on a Web site after the retailer refused to pay US $157, 828 to get back the information. Credit-card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud. Mastercard is working on plans for Web -- only credit card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping on-line. However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated. Ask about your credit-card firm's on-line rules: Under British law, cardholders have to pay the first US $78 of any fraudulent  spending. And shop only at secure sites; Send your credit-card information only if the Web site offers advanced secure system. If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen. The Website address may also start https: //--the extra \"s\" stands for secure. If in doubt, give your credit-card information over the telephone. Keep your password safe: Most on-line sites require a user name and password before placing an order. Treat your passwords with care. \n Answer: Fraud on the Internet.",
            "output": [
                "What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-49b0d3977e9b41ad89d36e980d03a563",
            "input": "Article: Best places to visit in Australia Are you looking for the best places to see in Australia? Here are the top 5 places to visit in Australia. It includes the best, the most beautiful and the most famous. Sydney For those who have made a flight from the other side of the world, if you come and don't see Sydney, it is a bit like going to Germany and not drinking a beer, or to England and not seeing London, or America and not trying a hot dog. There is plenty to see and do in Sydney apart from the well known attractions of the Harbour Bridge, the Opera House, and Bondi beaches. Byron Bay Located in New South Wales, just south of the Queensland border, Byron Bay is popular with not just international tourists, but is also a favorite holiday destination of Australians. The lighthouse is amazing at sunset (and it is the most easterly part of mainland Australia). There are a range of music festivals over the year that attract international and local musicians alike. The Great Ocean Road The Great Ocean Road, located in Victoria, is one of the best scenic drives of the world. Its official length is 243 kms (roughly 150 miles), but it will take you a full day to enjoy it due to the narrow and windy traffic lanes (only one in each direction). Daintree Rainforest Located in northern Queensland, roughly 110 kms north of Cairns, the rainforest is a nature wonderland. It is Australia's largest rainforest, about 20% of Australia's native bird species can be found within the Daintree. The Great Barrier Reef Located in Queensland, this attraction is one of those attractions that are actually known by everyone. Extending for about 2,300 kms, it is home to many rare, endangered and unique animals and plant species. \n Answer: Byron Bay and Sydney",
            "output": [
                "Which places will you go in Australia if you are interested in music?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1ebfa356986c498ebed9b9d49dde3c2c",
            "input": "Article: prefix = st1 /PITTSBURGH, Sept. 7 -- At 26, many people haven't even decided on a career. Luke Ravenstahl, cashing in on his family's political tradition, is already the mayor of Pittsburgh, the youngest mayor of any major city in the country. Although mayors elsewhere have been younger, Jeff Dunkel was 18 in 2001 when he was elected mayor of Mount Carbon, small towns inNew York, and elsewhere have also elected teenagers as mayors. But,Tallahassee, is the only other city with a population over 100,000 that has had a mayor as young as Mr. Ravenstahl. A supporter of Mr. Ravenstahl said concerns about Mr. Ravenstahl's age would _ once the city saw his work ethic. But now comes the hard part. As he strives to be taken seriously and take charge of a city only recently back from the brink of bankruptcy, the baby-faced mayor said that even the smallest decisions felt weighty, even what to wear in the Steelers game matters. And another pressing issue is to strengthen the city's economy. Pittsburghhas lost all its mills, nearly half its population and much of its downtown commercial district in the last several decades. \"ButPittsburghhas 50,000 college students, and our challenge is to figure out how to retain them and to increase downtown development.\" He said. But one of the biggest uncertainties is how long he will remain in office. According to the city charter, Mayor Ravenstahl's term will not expire until November 2009. Some city lawyers, however, have argued that he must face the electorate next year. And residents in Pittsburghare still withholding judgment on him. Deli, Jimmy Cvetic, a sandwich shop owner, said \"I call him Cool Hand Luke. He'll be all right, but he's going to need a cool hand to get through this.\" Mayor Ravenstahl said he was still coming to terms with the challenge he faced. \n Answer: It is a major city in the U.S.A with a population slightly smaller than 100,000.",
            "output": [
                "What can you infer from the article about Pittsburgh?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a369d2aeebb64912b962446919ce2686",
            "input": "Article: Oliver Radtke believes Chinglish mistranslations may be fun, but are not to be made fun of. \"My message on Chinglish is: It should be conserved  . It shouldn't be treated as a cheap joke for foreign tourists to laugh at but as a cultural treasure,\" said the 32-year-old multimedia designer, who frequently visited China for almost a decade before moving to Beijing in 2007. \"I'm trying to challenge the idea that there is only one type of standard English -- the English that's spoken in America or in the British Isles -- which is shortsighted, because Chinglish is already being used by millions of people to communicate with one another.\" So, since 2005, he has collected more than 5,000 examples of \"the wonderful results of an English dictionary meeting Chinese grammar\" on his website www.chinglish.de and has published two books on the subject. \"The two books are unique in that they talk about the academic value of Chinglish, the creative combination of English and Chinese, and why we should keep it,\" Radtke said. Patricia Schetelig, who works for the German Embassy in Beijing and regularly contributes to www.chinglish.de, said she appreciates Radtke's approach to Chinglish. \"What's important to me is that he's not making fun of the way things are translated,\" said she. \"There are other websites doing similar things, but they're making fun of Chinglish or saying it shouldn't be done this way.\" Part of his mission, Radtke said, is to conserve rapidly disappearing Chinglish examples. He was disappointed while watching the government replace Chinglish signs with standard English ones in the run-up to the Beijing Olympics. \"That was a sad day for me and a sad day for Chinglish,\" Radtke said. But American David Tool, who has been closely involved in cleaning up Chinglish in Beijing since 2001, disagreed. \"Chinglish takes away from the aesthetic  , educational and cultural value we want these signs to provide,\" said Tool, \"We get distracted when we're trying to explain something. It's not dealing with the issues with respect.\" \n Answer: Chinglish is actually a variety of English.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements does Radtke agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8b29c0c1b9274f448e9a2d87ec1516e1",
            "input": "Article: EDGEWOOD-Every morning at Dixie Heights High School, customers pour into a special experiment: the district's first coffee shop run mostly by students with special learning needs. Well before classes start, students and teachers order Lattes, Cappuccinos and Hot Chocolates. Then, during the first period, teachers call in orders on their room phones, and students make deliveries. By closing time at 9.20 a.m., the shop usually sells 90 drinks. \"Whoever made the chi tea, Ms. Schatzman says it was good,\" Christy McKinley, a second year student, announced recently, after hanging up with the teacher. The shop is called the Dixie PIT, which stands for Power in Transition. Although some of the students are not disabled, many are, and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school. They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs. They keep a timecard and receive paychecks, which they keep in check registers. Special-education teachers Kim Chevalier and Sue Casey introduced the Dixie PIT from a similar  program at Kennesaw Mountain High School in Georgia. Not that it was easy. Chevalier's first problem to overcome was product-related. Should schools be selling coffee? What about sugar content? Kenton County Food Service Director Ginger Gray helped. She made sure all the drinks, which use non-fat milk, fell within nutrition   guidelines. The whole school has joined in to help. Teachers agreed to give up their l ounge   in the mornings. Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall. Business students designed the paychecks. The basketball team helped pay for cups. \n Answer: A special educational program.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-21a890d73ac94367a0a8cfe77b1faf0d",
            "input": "Article: Last week I visited my friend Pete in the new home where he lives with his wife and daughter. Pete used to spend his holidays travelling the world, visiting the pyramids in Egypt or scuba diving  in the Caribbean. Nowadays he prefers to spend his holidays and weekends making his house look more beautiful. Like hundreds of thousands of other British people, he has discovered the joy of DIY (Do It Yourself), which means if there are any things that need fixing around the house, he will try to do the job himself. As he showed me the new kitchen he put together by himself and the newly painted walls, I asked Pete where he got his inspiration   from. He told me that his favorite source of ideas was a DIY program on TV. This got me thinking about the great popularity of DIY programs in the UK. Each major channel has at least one home or garden improving show and there's even a satellite channel completely about the subject. I guess it is not really surprising that DIY programs are so popular. Two common sayings in Britain- 'an Englishman's home is his castle' and 'there's no place like home'-show how important our houses are to us. With the present economic downturn, many people can't afford to buy a bigger house so they are looking at how they can make their house better without spending a lot of money. DIY is the perfect choice. But be careful! I read a report that said over 230,000 people were injured while doing home improvements in the UK in just one year, including 41,000 who fell off ladders  and 5,800 who were seriously hurt by hammers. So I won't be going down to the hardware store. \n Answer: Making his house beautiful.",
            "output": [
                "How did Pete spend his holiday in the past?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b52c803e02be4734bdf048ad345304be",
            "input": "Article: From my first day, I was attending press conferences and other media events all over town. I got to attend events at places I had never thought I'd get to: the White House, the Senate and House of Representative buildings at the Capitol  , the Department of Health and Human Services, just to name a few. And I was sent to cover these events as if I were a reporter, not just an intern   . In fact, I never really felt like an intern. I was given the opportunity to do the work that everyone else at the paper was doing. I covered stories on my own and wrote the articles myself. I was included in discussions for story ideas. I helped to edit the articles that went into the paper. I was able to take part in every aspect of the newspaper that I wanted to experience. The best part of working at the Nation's Health was the staff. They were supportive in letting me go out and do things on my own, while I always knew that they would be more than happy to answer any questions or help me with any problems I might have. Best of all, they treated me as their equal, not just an intern whom they could get to do all the work they didn't want to do. After interning at the Nation's Health for nearly seven months and having more than 30 articles published, I had to move on. My experience there gave me insight into how the media work, which helps me when I'm trying to choose stories. In addition, it showed me that work really can be fun. \n Answer: The author's first day as a professional reporter.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b58f719ffffe4d9d887d26ad227baf89",
            "input": "Article: Gimmicky--and expensive--new gloves allow chatterboxes to take the term 'handsfree'   to a new level--by talking into them as they make a call.     The gloves are known as 'Talk to the Hand' and costPS1.000 a pair. They come with a speaker unit embedded into the thumb and a microphone built into the little finger that can be connected to any mobile handset using Bluetooth.Artist Sean Miles designed the gloves that double as a phone in part of his project that shows the possibilities of gadget recycling.He combines gloves with parts from mobile handsets recycled through O2,which commissioned the project. Mobile phone users will be able to keep their hands warm while they chat without taking   their phone out of their pocket or handbag. Mr Miles designed two pairs of the new gloves--one in pink and the other in brown and   yellow.They will appear in an exhibition this July and visitors will be able to win the gloves.If demand is high,they will then be produced on a larger scale. O2 Recycle,which backs the project,estimates that there are already 70 million unused   mobile handsets in the UK.The service pays those who recycle gadgets including phones,MP3   players and digital cameras.     Designer Scan Miles,hopes his work will get people thinking about recycling.The 41-year-old said:\"I hope that my Talk to the Hand project will get people to think again about   the waste created by not recycling gadgets.If a few more people recycle their gadgets rather   than send them to landfill ,I think this project will have fulfilled its aim.\" The Talk to the Hand mobile phone gloves are the second product in a series that O2  Recycle and Miles have created.Miles is now working on combining phones with handbags--so people don't spend time rummaging around in their bags to find a phone when it rings. \n Answer: To introduce Sean Miles'new designs.",
            "output": [
                "For what purpose is the text written?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-315c6906277f4c7e9e8a78d708af9725",
            "input": "Article: Inland waters may be grouped into two general classes: standing waters and flowing waters. As is often the case, the boundary between these two classes is not sharp and clear. A pond is an example of standing water. But most ponds are fed by springs or brooks and most have an outlet. Thus some current of changing water flows through them. On the other hand, a river is an example of flowing water. In some places, however, a river may have such a slow current that it is very difficult to detect. Standing inland waters differ in size, in age, and in many _ environmental characteristics. They range in size from roadside puddles to the Caspian Sea. Puddles may last for only a few days or weeks; ponds, for a few hundred to a thousand years. In general, lakes are older, though the waters of some tropical \"lakes\" disappear completely during each dry season. Standing waters vary from very shallow to very deep, from clear to muddy, from fresh to salty. In flowing waters we roughly distinguish between brooks, creeks, and rivers. The size and age of flowing waters are unimportant. Speed of flow, clearness, oxygen content, and other chemical characteristics are used by scientists in studying flowing-water ecosystems. \n Answer: Size.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following characteristics of flowing waters is unimportant?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9e3ef2ccc9904cdbb08334ba6c1d9c7a",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever been to the world's smallest bookstore? The World's Smallest Bookstore,whose official name is just these three words,sits quietly about 100 miles northeast of Toronto. The bookstore is about 10 feet by 10 feet,so it is easy to imagine how tiny it really is.The bookstore is open 24 hours a day.Inside the bookstore are various books,especially literary books and classic authors' works.So if you are looking for something less popular,you may get a bit disappointed there. Another special feature of this bookstore is that each book only costs three dollars.All the expenses are paid on the honor system,which means buyers should make a note of what they've bought and leave their money by themselves.So the tools of the trade in this bookstore are quite simple: pens,papers,light bulbs and a label-maker. In order to catch passers-by's attention,the billboards of the bookstore are several times bigger than the store itself.With these large eye-catchers,many people are willing to stop by and have a visit. \n Answer: The world's smallest bookstore.",
            "output": [
                "What's the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ab12272b4d61415d95dfb2aae22c9011",
            "input": "Article: Two space walkers fixed a camera on the outside of the international space station on Monday and threw overboard a data - collecting device  , sending it rolling off into space like a football. The new camera will help space station astronauts add new pieces onto the orbiting  station. Mr Arthur and his Russian crewmate left the or biting station unmanned during the 5 - hour spacewalk. Normally, one crew member stayed aboard while two others worked outside. But the space station crew has been reduced to two since the space shuttle prefix = st1 /Columbiadisaster in 2003, and it has been left empty nine times during spacewalks since then. The device thrown overboard was once used to collect data on electrical activity around the space station. It was designed to work for only a few months and was no longer needed. Engineers were afraid pieces might break off and damage the space station, so they decided to cut it loose. The device, which weighs about 60 pounds and has solar panels that extend about 2 feet, is expected to burn up in the atmosphere in about three months. Happily, the space walking pair helped each other into their spacesuits without the help of a third crew member. The space walk was put off by an hour because of trouble with the US airlock , which did not depressurize   completely at first. But the pair quickly made up for the lost time as they worked outside. It was the first time in two years that space walkers exited through the USairlock. \n Answer: The space station crew has been reduced to two due to an accident.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the spacewalkers leave the orbiting station unmanned?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-206514b4eca6432d8578343430a9bccf",
            "input": "Article: According to a study by SallieMae, 84 percent of undergraduate students have credit cards, and by the time they are seniors, they have accumulated US $ 4,100 in debt, on top of whatever student loans they may have taken out. Credit cards are the most convenient form of payment, and they are aggressively marketed to college students.Reportedly, a typical college student carries 4.6 credit cards and US $ 3,173 in credit card debt. Credit cards seem to be a fact of life, not just student life. In the long term,  using a credit card properly and paying off the balance can help establish a card history and increase your credit score, which will _ when you need an important loan, for a house or car, for example.Your credit score can affect even unrelated things like insurance rates.Credit cards also offer more protection for users than debit cards .Under federal law, the credit card holder is only responsible for the first US  $ 50in fraudulent  purchases in cases of theft or loss.However, debit card users are responsible for the first US $ 500. SallieMae found some good news in the fact that two thirds of students had discussed credit issues with their parents, but 84 percent said they needed more information.Those who didn't get any guidance were more likely to be surprised when they found out how much they owed. While credit cards offer the easiest access to money, they make it easy to live outside your means.Less than a fifth of students surveyed paid off their balance every month, and carrying a balance brings finance charges, sometimes at a very high interest rates. SallieMae found that almost 40 percent of students chose their first credit card based on direct mail, which is probably why students get credit card offers in the mail. But when the credit card offers flow in, be sure that you read the fine print.Offers of low or no interest rates can disappear, leaving you a debt that climbs beyond your ability to pay it off. \n Answer: Many students' first credit card is based on direct mail.",
            "output": [
                "According to SallieMae, what is the possible reason why students get so many credit card offers in the mail?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2806a524a9f4f99845ebbf2d1f129a4",
            "input": "Article: We spend so much time waiting to be loved, hoping love will find us, and searching for that special love. Unfortunately, that's not usually how life works. Loving yourself is mainly having self-respect, which is the only dependable way to create love in your own life, so you can share it with others. To be able to be loved, you must love and respect yourself as much as you do others. By doing so, you are enabling positive energy and allowing for great situation to occur in your life. Bringing joy to other people's lives will help you find joy in your own. In addition, those who you treat well will likely repay you with the same kindness. Gradually, you will start to feel your worth through the smiles of gratitude. However, don't just be very kind to people so you can receive royal treatment. Don't punish yourself for something you have done in the past. Instead, look at the mistake as a learning experience. Say to yourself now, \"I forgive myself for...\" Go to look in a mirror, and say it out loud to yourself. Look at yourself right in the eyes, and speak forgiveness like you mean it. If you do, laugh out loud, realizing that was then and this is now. Every day is a new beginning. We all want a nice house, nice things, and someone to share our life with. Find your true wants objectively. Are you eager for power, a religion, or simply a motive? Sometimes, it's easier to hide the truth from yourself, but figuring out what you really want will help you know yourself better. This will hopefully aid you in answering important questions you often ask yourself. Write about your experiences, good and bad. When you write down good experiences, allow yourself to feel those feelings. When you remember bad experiences, allow yourself to feel self-compassion . Compassion is not self-pity, but rather a willingness to accept one's own pain and regret. Compassion allows us to be present with our pain, so we can acknowledge it and let it go. \n Answer: We should love ourselves in order to get love.",
            "output": [
                "What can we conclude from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-54e55cf396fe4d42803d4a6d0219eae3",
            "input": "Article: Helen Thayer, one of the greatest explorers of the 20th century, loves challenges. She says,\"I like to see what's on the other side of the hill.\" She has gone almost everywhere to do that. In 1988,at the age of 50,she became the first woman to travel alone to the North Pole.  She pulled her own sled piled with 160 pounds of supplies,and during her trip no one brought her fresh supplies.Accompanied only by her dog Charlie,she  survived cold weather and meetings with polar bears. In fact,Charlie saved her life when one of  them attacked her.Near the end of her trip,a forceful wind blew away the majority of her supplies. The last week of the trip,she survived on a handful of nuts and a little water each day. Helen goes to challenging places not only for  adventures,but also for education.Before her Arctic journey,she started a website called Adventure Classroom.On the site,she shared her adventures in order to inspire students.She explained,\"Although kids often see the world in a negative way,without hope for their future,we work to inspire them to set goals,plan for success and never give up...\" Helen grew up in New Zealand.Her parents  were athletes and mountain climbers.Following her parents'example,she climbed her first mountain at the age of nine.Later,she climbed the highest  mountains in North and South America,the former  USSR and New Zealand. In 1996,she took on another challenge--the Sahara Desert.She and her husband,Bill,walked 2,400 miles across it.In 2001,she and Bill travelled on foot from west to east through the Gobi Desert in Mongolia.They hope to travel in mainland China into Sichuan and Tibet to study pandas. Helen plans to continue taking trips.She'll use her explorations,writing,photography and environmental works to create programs for her Adventure Classroom website. She wants to inspire her students to never stop facing challenges. \n Answer: For education.",
            "output": [
                "Why does Helen travel to different places worldwide?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3017a3dde0734d02b833dd59035de27f",
            "input": "Article: There's been a lot of talk about white-and-blue collar workers, and you may have even heard of gold collar workers, but lately a new color of collar is making its way into China's urban vernacular --green. Green collars say no when work is life and life is work. They choose to get out of the fast lane , and explore new ways of living \"green\". Living green doesn't mean someone is working as an environmentalist, biologist or scientist. Instead it is more of a lifestyle choice. A typical green collar is well educated like a white-collar but physically tough like a blue-collar, likely born in the 70s or 80s of the last century and living in one of China's big cities, with a monthly income well above 5,000 yuan (about US $700). The life of a green collar may go something like this; Turn off the mobile phone after work, eat only healthy food rich in vitamins, go on hikes every weekend, and like to help _  Green collars even have their own club. In Beijing, the Green Collar Club is for people who share a \"be happy, healthy and helpful\" spirit. The club often holds charity parties and uses the donations for environmental protection and poverty relief projects in China. \"They are successful in their careers, but do not miss the pleasures in life. They have a lot of money, but do not fall slave to it.\" said Zuo Shiguang, one of the founding members of the club. \n Answer: The lifestyle of green collars.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6cbd4335306e46c5bf00a3fd87a1d229",
            "input": "Article: At age 61, identical twins Jeanne and Susan no longer look exactly alike. Susan smoked for many years and is an admitted sun worshipper, whose habits Jeanne does not share. A new study of twins suggests you can blame those coarse wrinkles, brown or pink spots on too much time in the sun, smoking, and being overweight. Because twins share genes, but may have different exposures to environmental factors, studying twins allows an \"opportunity to control for genetic susceptibility ,\" Dr. Elma D. Baron, at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, and his colleagues explain in the latest issue of Archives of Dermatology. Their analysis of environmental skin-damaging factors in 65 pairs of twins hints that skin aging is related more to environment and lifestyle than genetic factors. But when it comes to skin cancer, the researchers say their findings support previous reports that both environment and genes affect skin cancer risk. Baron's team examined facial skin of 130 twins, 18 to 77 years old, who lived mostly in the northem Midwest and Eastern regions of the US, who were attending the Twins Days Festival in Ohio in August 2002. At this time, each of the twins also separately reported how their skin burned or tanned without sunscreen, their weight, and their history of skin cancer, smoking, and alcohol drinking. The study group consisted of 52 fraternal and 10 identical twin pairs, plus 3 pairs who were unsure of their twin status. From these data, the researchers noted strong ties, outside of twin status, between smoking, older age, and being overweight, and having facial skin with evidence of environmental damage. By contrast, sunscreen use and drinking alcohol appeared related to less skin damage. Baron and his colleagues say the current findings, which highlight ties between facial aging and potentially avoidable environmental factors--such as smoking, being overweight, and unprotected overexposure to the sun's damaging rays--may help motivate people to minimize these risky behaviors. \n Answer: Skin aging is related more to environment and lifestyle than genetic factors.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-41f2edae209a40159cc03023cc811349",
            "input": "Article: When we walked into Papillon Bleu, a Chinese restaurant around the corner from Notre-Dame Basilica in Montreal's Old Port, the sole waiter on duty looked surprised to see us. At 7:45 on a Saturday night, at the height of tourist season, just one young white family sat in the dining room. We walked past them to a table in the back, Chopin drifting quietly from the speakers into the certain shade of dim light that only Chinese restaurants seem to have. At our seats, bright yellow napkins, folded into fans, rested on a blue tablecloth next to cutlery . Sometime in the last 18 years of operation, Papillon Bleu stopped bothering with chopsticks. \"How did you find out about us?\"our waiter politely asked. I told him that my family used to own a Chinese restaurant that served peanut butter dumplings and I wanted to taste them again. Papillon Bleu came up when I googled\"Best Peanut Butter Dumplings in Montreal\". He shook his head and told us that while it might have been the case a few years ago, they had switched peanut butter brands to cut costs. But the significance for me wasn't which brand they used, it was that they served peanut butter dumplings. Commonly known as Hunan dumplings, this specialty exists neither in China, nor anywhere else in North America. Instead, Hunan dumplings are a unique Quebecois tradition, and a slowly dying one, found in the second-generation Chinese family restaurants. Peanut butter dumplings taste exactly how they sound, but also unlike anything else. It is a kind of dumpling that coats your mouth with a distinct store-brand quality, a little too sweet, but buttery, and luxuriously  warm, perfectly suited to resist the bone-chilling effects of the Montreal winter. \n Answer: The business is not promising.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer about the restaurant?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f5ab5df4706e47f8a0773539145fbefd",
            "input": "Article: If you look up the word \"create\" in the dictionary , you will find it means \"to bring into being, to cause something each of us does daily to exist\". We are creative whenever we look at or think about something in a new way. First, this includes an awareness of our surroundings.It means using all of our senses to become aware of our world.This may be as simple as being aware of color and texture , as well as taste, when we plan a meal.Above all, it is the ability to notice things that others might miss. A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things.There is nothing new under the sun. The creativity is remaking or recombining  the old in new ways. For example, we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture, or we might make a new combination of camera lenses and filters to create an unusual photograph. A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new ideas, to ask for them to achieve some new results.To think up a new idea is one thing; to put the idea to work is another. These three parts of creativity are included in all the great works of geniuses, but they are also included in many of our day-to-day activities.(257 words) \n Answer: To \"write\" a letter with the computer.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following activities is NOT a creative one according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-05cdad0e3cea4e6695f522ab77fba5bd",
            "input": "Article: It's a safe bet that a robot made your car and your computer.Pretty soon,they could be making your bed and breakfast,too.     Increasingly,engineers are saying that robots are going to move out of research departments and into your home.Companies including Sony and General Electric are working on designs for small robots.Products like Roomba,a robot that can clean floors, are  _ .     What's behind this new robot revolution ? lt's partly a matter of technology.Devices that can recognize and answer human voice have been developed.There are now a few different ways for robots to move around.They can walk, crawl or ride on wheels.Robots are being made smaller and smaller.They are also becoming more and more able.     A bigger part of the story is on the demand side.From the day the television remote control was invented,people around the world have searched for new ways to be lazy.Take into consideration that more and more people can afford robots, and the time secms ripe to introduce robots to the ordinary family.     To be sure,robots that walk on two legs and talk like people are still a long way off.However, robots that do basic housework such as cleaning or gardening are sure to come out soon.One thing is certain--when these robots do come into our homes,it will change things forever. \n Answer: Cleaning floors.",
            "output": [
                "What can Roomba do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cdb7f4d8fab24010b23928fa294f6550",
            "input": "Article: I was sitting in the room reading when I heard a loud noise. To defend my home from break-in, I picked up my defense weapon--- a broom and went out. There on the roof of my porch , I saw a grey fluffy squirrel. I drove her away with the broom, but the next day I heard her again. I searched squirrels on the net and found because their teeth keep growing, they have to constantly chew on things to shorten their teeth. This was disturbing so I asked my husband to call in some wildlife control people. On Monday morning two men showed up, with guns in their hands. I pointed uneasily to the hole in my porch roof. They held up their guns. Suddenly I saw in my mind the baby nursery inside. I stopped them and confirmed that they wouldn't harm her. They hesitated, but finally put down their guns. Then they brought out a bottle of deodorizer and sprayed it into the squirrel's home. They told me she would not like the smell and would leave. There was no sign of Mrs. Squirrel, so they blocked the hole, took my cheque for $250 and left. Shortly after they left, Mrs. Squirrel returned from her shopping trip. She was mad at being driven out and began feverishly clawing at the porch roof. In order to stop the destruction of my home, I drove her away with the broom again. Each day thereafter, Mrs. Squirrel continued her attack on my possession. I then called the company to report that \"SHE'S BAAAAAACK...\" The receptionist said that if Mrs. Squirrel had managed to find another way into my porch roof, it would be a new charge. I replied I couldn't continue contributing my husband's hard-earned income to their silly wildlife experts and hang up. I went to the porch and banged on the roof. Mrs. Squirrel came out and glared at me. We negotiated some terms, came to an agreeable arrangement and went back into our respective homes. All is quiet these days, although large quantities of materials have been removed from my garage wall and my daughter claims that some of her doll-house furniture has disappeared. I still hope that Mrs. Squirrel would leave, but I will wait until it is warmer and hopefully until after the birth of the little ones. \n Answer: Troublesome.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author think of the squirrel at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9bf8df3f8a904fa087e8dbafb4aab87d",
            "input": "Article: A lot of people these days believe Valentine's Day is a made-up holiday designed to promote the sale of greeting cards and gifts. And while there may be some Arguments for that, there is a mysterious story as to why February 14th has become known today as \"Valentine's Day.\" Our story dates back centuries ago, to the Roman Empire, and the martyrdom   of two or three Christians named Valentine. At least one of those Valentines is thought to have been killed on February 14th. Legend has it that this particular Valentine wais killed by a Roman emperor because he secretly presided   over the marriages of young men and women, against the wishes of the Emperor, who wanted only single men to fight in his army. However, there is no historical evidence to back this up. But what is widely known is that the love-element to Valentine's Day can be first traced   to the poetry of Geoffrey Chaucer. Chaucer wrote a poem in 1382 to mark the anniversary of his King's engagement, and scribed a line -- \"For this was Saint Valentine's Day, when every bird cometh there to choose his male.\" From this point, on Valentine's Day became intertwined with love. But for the pessimists out there who see Valentine's Day as a commercial idea, there is some historical evidence to back this up as well! The true popularization   of Valentine's Day can be traced to late 18th century England, when a British publishing company first started selling paper Valentine's Day cards with tender words on them. They became so popular that by the middle of the 19th century, some 1.3 billion British pounds a year were being spent on Valentine's Day gifts. \n Answer: How Valentine's Day came about/",
            "output": [
                "What is this text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a497dd10ef8e444cbd48203c6d4684d8",
            "input": "Article: Hi Hongbo, I'm so glad to read about the changes talking place in your city. It's really good news that you can travel by subway in Xi'an, though there's only one line there. Here in London we have twelve lines. By the way, we don't use the word \"subway\" here. It's American English. We call it \"the Underground\", instead. The London Underground is very famous. It's famous for several reasons. First of all, part of the underground railway today is the oldest in the world, which opened in 1863. Secondly, the London Underground is also the first line to have electric trains, in 1890. Thirdly but not the last, the London Underground is the second largest metro system in the world, after the Shanghai Metro. There are 270 stations in the Underground and it has 402 kilometres oftracks . What's more, the city of London itself helps make the transportation system famous! I've got a few photos to help you build a clear picture of the Underground in my city. They are together with this mail. In your email, you also said workers were building more lines. I'm sure your city is developing fast. Maybe you can send me a few photos of your city today. I really want to see the changes taking place there. I'm happy for you to live there in an ancient city with such a new look! So much for now. I'll write soon again. Best wishes! \n Answer: From London",
            "output": [
                "Where is the writer from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c96bc33ab3944a1b814745b1b495e422",
            "input": "Article: Heading back to the room for dinner and a hot shower may sound like the act of a tired tourist ,but in a traditional Japanese inn - or ryokan - those activities can be as interesting as anything along the sightseeing trail.\"People going looking for a sort of nostalgic ,old-fashioned ,and traditional view of Japanese life will find it most easily in a ryokan,\"said Peter Grilli, the president of Japan Society of Boston, Massachusetts. Many ryokans sprang up in the 17th century to put up feudal lords traveling along the Tokaido highway to Edo(now Tokyo). Today tourists looking for a taste of the country's historic lifestyle find varying levels of understated elegance in ryokans throughout the country. A typical stay starts with a greeting from the inn's staff and a change from street shoes into slippers .An attendant leads guests to their rooms, where slippers are removed before walking on the rice-straw flooring, called tatami. Walking slowly along behind a kimonoclad attendant on the creaky wood floors of Fukuzumiro ryokan,s hallways is like stepping back in time. The inn was established in 1890 by a former samurai . Tim Paterson ,33, a banker living in Tokyo, has stayed at several ryokans. This New Zealand native leaves after a recent stay at Fukuzumiro. \"I think it's quite good mixing culture with history and not just going to see it ,but living in it, staying in it,\"he said. Sliding glass doors line the inn's rural hallways, bringing in the sound of tricking water and the quietness of the stone and tree-filled courtyards outside. \n Answer: Providing rooms for the noble when they traveled.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of building so many ryokans in the 17th century?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f29240c0217443ad8426754aa343fe99",
            "input": "Article: First direct coal liquefaction  line produces (Xinhua)               HOHHOT - China's first direct coal-to-oil project, operated by the country's leading coal producer, Shenhua Group, produced 866,000 tons of oil products last year.               The direct coal liquefaction line is located in Ejin Horo Banner , Ordos city, North China's Inner Mongolia autonomous region. It produces 3,000 tons of oil products by using nearly 10,000 tons of coal per day, said Shenhua Coal Liquefaction and Chemical  Co.,Ltd.               With an investment of 12.6 billion yuan ($2.06 billion), Shenhua Group began construction of the project in 2004, using self-developed technologies.               The project began trial production at the end of 2009 with a designed annual capacity of 1.08 million tons of diesel , naphtha and liquefied petroleum gas .               Proven coal reserves around Ordos are estimated at 160 billion tons, or 11.4 percent of the country's total coal reserves.               As part of its clean energy strategy, China has begun a number of direct or indirect coal liquefaction and coal gasification projects in Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Liaoning in the past three years. \n Answer: The proven coal reserves around Ordos.",
            "output": [
                "What's mainly talked about in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8729fa5663364e869af3ce75b85c2d3d",
            "input": "Article: Many people say dolphins are very intelligent. They seem to be able think, understand, and learn things quickly. But they are smart like humans or more like cats or dogs? Dolphins use their brains differently from people. But scientists say dolphin intelligence and human intelligence are alike in some ways. How? FACT 1: Talk to Me Like humans, every dolphin has its own \"name\". The name is a special whistle . Each dolphin chooses a specific whistle for itself, usually by its first birthday. Actually, scientists think dolphins, like people, \"talk\" to each other about a lot of things, such as their age, their feelings, or finding food. And, like humans dolphins use a system of sounds and body language to communicate. But understanding their conversations is not easy for humans. No one \"speaks dolphin\" yet, but some scientists are trying to learn. FACT 2: Let's Play Dolphins are also social animals. They live in groups called pods, and they often join others from different pods to play games and have fun ---just like people. In fact, playing together is something only intelligent animals do. FACT 3: Fishermen's Helpers Dolphins and humans are similar in another way: both make plans to get something they want. In the sea of southern Brazil, for example, dolphins use a interesting strategy to get food. When fish are near a boat, dolphins signal to the fishermen to put their nets in the water. Using this method, the men can catch a lot of fish. What is the advantage for the dolphins? Why do they assist the men? The dolphins get to eat some of the fish. \n Answer: The comparison between dolphins and humans.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a6c849818bd479d92001c4b9583e076",
            "input": "Article: Do you know a child who has used first aid to save a life or help an injured person? St.John Ambulance is seeking young people who have acted quickly, calmly and effectively at a real emergency for its annual Young First Aider of the Year awards. The awards are open to all those under 18, and the closing date for nomination   is April 30, 2016.The winners will be invited to attend a special ceremony in June, 2016. \"St.John Ambulance believes it is essential for young people to learn first aid so that they can help anyone who is injured,\" said Sandra Stocker, director of St.John Ambulance Awards Committee.\"The Young First Aider of the Year is a wonderful way to celebrate their bravery and quick-thinking.\" Nomination for the Young First Aider of the Year is now open.Please complete and return the nomination forms as soon as possible and certainly no later than April 30, 2016.The committee will decide which of the nominees will receive the Young First Aider of the Year awards by considering the actions of the nominees along with their ages and other factors.You should send any evidence you have with the nomination form, showing the nominees' actions. Examples of evidence could include: * Newspaper clippings   of the incident. * Police incident record numbers. Once a nomination form is received, the nominee or nominator may be approached for further details of the incident.For further information please get in touch with Sandra Stocker by email or on 020-73244082 or 020-732440813. Find out who our winners will be for 2016. \n Answer: Young people should learn first aid to help the injured.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage intend to tell the readers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3563b4a5a4184519a83a7ef6e977bd42",
            "input": "Article: Lucky is the man who has no \"skeleton in his closet.\" When a man has done something in his life that he is ashamed of, that he wants to hide, he is said to have a \"skeleton in his closet.\" Some people may have more than one skeleton. As we have noted many times, it is hard to find out how these expressions begin. Sometimes, we get some hard facts. But more often we have to depend on guesswork. And that is true of this phrase, which came from England. Before 1832, English law did not permit a doctor to cut open a dead human body for scientific examination, unless it was the corpse  of an executed  criminal. But when it became legal, more and more doctors demanded skeletons for a more scientific study of medicine. It was helping in the advance of modern medicine. The demand had become so strong that men began to rob tombs and sell skeletons to doctors at high prices. We are told that a doctor would usually buy just one skeleton for scientific study. It became very important in his work. But he had to keep it hidden because most people objected to keeping such a thing. As a rule, the doctor keep his skeleton in some dark corner where it could not be seen, or hide it in a closet. After a time, people began to suspect every doctor of hiding a skeleton in the closet. From this suspicion, the phrase\"a skeleton in the closet\"took on a broader, more general meaning: to describe anything that a man wanted to keep others from discovering. It could be proof of a criminal act, or something much less serious. Well, that is one theory. One writer, however, believes that the phrase might have come from something that really happened. It is his guess that a hidden closet in some old English country home may have turned up a real skeleton, clear proof of some old family shame or crime. Well, one man's guess is as good as another. But this sounds like a story by the great French novelist, Balzac. Balzac tells us of a man who suspected his wife of having a lover. The husband comes home by surprise. But she hears him and quickly hides her lover in the closet of her bedroom. He enters her room and asks her if she is hiding her lover. He says he will not open the door to the closet if she promises him there is no one there; He will believe her. She answers firmly that she is not hiding anyone in the closet. The husband then begins to build a solid brick wall against the closet. His wife watches, knowing that her lover will never come out alive. But she will not change her story and admit her guilt. \n Answer: You have done a crime or done something foolish, but you want to keep others from\ndiscovering it.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following situations is now suitable for using the phrase \"skeleton in the closet\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-497ac811e2ca4048bb2633dc8d96d9b1",
            "input": "Article: There are many traditions around the holidays. \"Holiday traditions\" are things that people do every year during a holiday such as Christmas or Thanksgiving. At Christmas, for example, many people put up a Christmas tree or Christmas lights. These are Christmas traditions that have been going on for many years. But there is a \"new\" Christmas tradition that has become very popular: _ , a TV channel that shows nothing but a large log fire, blazing in a fireplace. People put it on their TV and it makes them feel like they are watching and listening to a crackling fire. It makes them feel calm and comfortable. The origin  dates back to 1986 in Canada. At that time, not very many people knew about it or watched the channel. Today, more than three million people watch the firelog channel during the winter holiday season. That year, the firelog channel was created  to give the workers in the company that is now called Shaw Cable, a break at Christmas. By running the firelog during the holidays, everyone could go home for a few days and enjoy a bit of time off. At that time, it was only broadcast to people in Edmonton but today it reaches people across Canada and beyond. This year, the Shaw firelog was updated. It is pretty high tech. Although it's still really just a fire log that has been filmed, it has its own Twitter account (@ShawFireLog), its own Facebook page and it even has a computer App so you can see the burning log on a smartphone or a tablet. The Shaw firelog will burn until Jan. 5 on Shaw Cable, channel 222. \n Answer: The origin and popularity of the TV firelog.",
            "output": [
                "What does this passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11062c08203f41b98d8765e50be4d584",
            "input": "Article: \"How did Norman know, Sister Emma?\" \"He overheard you and Aryan arguing. I suspect that he purposely overheard on you. Norman knew or concluded what profession Aryan practiced. He might well have followed Aryan on his explorations. Whether he did or not is beside the point. When Aryan came back yesterday afternoon, Norman certainly decided that he had made some find, for Aryan told Norman that he would be leaving for the capital to meet the detective the next morning. He probably followed Aryan to your room and overheard what passed between you. \"Since you could not act against the law of man and God, he would serve a natural justice in his own way. He took the jar of poison hemlock from the chemistry shop and when Aryan asked for a drink, he supplied it. Norman did not know the precise quantity needed and so Aryan did not suffer the full effects until after the bell called the community into the dining hall for the evening meal.\" Abbess was following Sister Emma closely. \"And then?\" \"Then I began my investigation, and then the detective arrived seeking Aryan for an explanation for his death.\" \"But who killed Norman?\" \"Norman knew that sooner or later he would be discovered. But more importantly in his guileless   mind there was also the guilt of having taken a man's life to be considered. Norman was a simple man. He decided that he should accept the punishment--the honor-price of a life. What greater honor-price for the life of Aryan could he offer than his own? He also took a draught of poison hemlock.\" There was a pause. \n Answer: He was killed by poison.",
            "output": [
                "What may have happened to Aryan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-787553a47ebf4f56aaa470c416221128",
            "input": "Article: You may have noticed something different when you ate at your favorite restaurant. Or perhaps you picked up on it while looking through your social media apps   . You guessed it ---we're becoming a foodie   culture. For some, that means photographing every dish, but others are taking it one step further. Sophia Hampton, a senior at Staples High School in US, chooses to make her own food. She has been published in Future Chefs, a cookbook of recipes   by teens. Hampton's best advice for those who want to be foodies is to get in the kitchen. \"Start cooking,\" she said. \"There are so many resources online, like recipes and articles about food. Go to your local farmers' market and start cooking with them. Besides blogs and online resources, there are also hands-on cooking classes for students. The Chopping Block, a Chicago cooking school, offers many different classes for teens, including courses on chocolate and French food. By attending cooking classes, surfing online and going to restaurants, you can find endless recipes. But sometimes becoming a real foodie means being behind a camera. As our food-loving culture becomes more popular and teen-friendly, social media apps like Facebook, have become major players in food culture. \"Getting involved in foodie culture is as easy as having a camera and a social media app,\" one foodie said. \"I always go to streets and farmers' markets to take beautiful pictures of food. Wherever food prices are expensive, the photos are free.\" \n Answer: Cook food by themselves.",
            "output": [
                "What does Hampton advise those who want to be foodies to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-057a1ccb99d143d9805f5111bbf06d0d",
            "input": "Article: Mini   Hoover Dam Tour ONLY $48 per person  LIST PRICE $60 This tour begins with beautiful sights as you travel by coach   through famous Las Vegas towards Boulder City, Nevada. As you leave Boulder City on your way to the famous Hoover Dam, you will see in the distance Lake Mead. Created by the Hoover Dam, it is one of the largest and most beautiful man-made lakes in America! When you arrive at Hoover Dam, you can visit the museum, watch a movie on the Dam's construction and see Oskar J.W. Hansen's famous sculptures on the Nevada side. Experience the excitement of this man-made wonder with great views that will create memories of a lifetime! Tour Highlights   * Free hotel-to-hotel pick-up and drop-off * Coaches with windows for your viewing pleasure * Beautiful views of man-made Lake Mead * Experience the Hoover Dam from two states * Hoover Dam Discovery Tour * Time for souvenir   shopping * Relax and enjoy our return journey by coach to Las Vegas \n Answer: $24.",
            "output": [
                "How much will your parents save if they attend the Mini Hoover Dam Tour?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-914b22f70f5141b2bda0dd307d406cf6",
            "input": "Article: Would you eat a ready meal from the fridge rather than cook by yourself? Have you been doing Internet shopping rather than going to the stores? What can't you be bothered to do? A study into how lazy British people are has found more than half of the adults are so idle   that they'd catch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs. Just over 2,000 people were quizzed by independent researchers at Nuffield Health, Britain's largest health center. The results were extremely surprising. About one in six people questioned said if their remote control was broken, they would continue watching the same channel rather than get up. More than one third of those questioned said they would not run to catch a bus. Worryingly, of the 654 respondents with children, 64% said they were often too tired to play with them. This led the report to conclude that it's no wonder that one in six children in the UK are classified as obese (very fat) before they start school. Dr Sarah Dauncey, medical director of Nuffield Health, said, \"People need to get fitter, not just for their own sake, but for the sake of their families, friends and evidently (;) their pets too.\" \"If we don't start to take control of this problem, a whole generation will become too unfit to perform even the most fundamental tasks.\" And Scotland's largest city, Glasgow, was shamed as the most idle city in the UK, with 75% questioned admitting they do not get enough exercise, followed closely by Birmingham and Southampton, both with 67%. The results bring serious challenges for the National Health Service, where obesity-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on a steady increase for the past 40 years and are costing billions of pounds every year. \n Answer: About 420.",
            "output": [
                "How many people questioned don't play with their children?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2a9cf91cd6964d9ba2d68e3efcf0a235",
            "input": "Article: It is a familiar scene these days: employees taking newly laidoff   coworkers out for a drink for comfort. But which side deserves sympathy more, the jobless or the still employed? On March 6, researchers at a conference at the University of Cambridge heard data suggesting it's the latter. Brendan Burchell, a Cambridge sociologist, presented his analysis based on various surveys conducted across Europe. The data suggest that employed people who feel insecure in their jobs show similar levels of anxiety and depression as those who are unemployed. Although a newly jobless person's mental health may \"bottom out\" after about six months, and then even begin to improve,the mental state of people who are continuously worried about losing their job \"just continues to get worse and worse,\" Burchell says. Evolutionary psychologists support this theory by arguing that human beings feel more stress during times of insecurity because they sense an immediate but invisible threat. Patients have been known to experience higher levels of anxiety, for example, while waiting for examination results than knowing what they are suffering from -- even if the result is cancer. It's better to get the bad news and start doing something about it rather than wait with anxiety. When the uncertainty continues, people stay in a nonstop \"fight or flight\" response, which leads to damaging stress. But not every employee in insecure industries has such a discouraging view, Burchell says. In general, women get on better. While reporting higher levels of anxiety than men when directly questioned, women scored lower in stress on the GHQ 12, even when they had a job they felt insecure about losing. As Burchell explains, \"For women, most studies show that any job -- it doesn't matter whether it is secure or insecure -- gives psychological improvement over unemployment.\" Burchell supposes that the difference in men is that they tend to feel pressure not only to be employed, but also to be the primary breadwinner, and that more of a man's selfworth depends on his job. \n Answer: They constantly worry about losing their job.",
            "output": [
                "Why do researchers think the still employed deserve sympathy more?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-daa112a50a6b46c5a719e18843bb2d05",
            "input": "Article: In life, people come across many experiences, which they remember throughout their lives. I had a similar experience, too. I was very excited. It was the day of my last paper of the final examination. My mind was full of thoughts of how I would spend my vacation. I was especially excited of the invitation that my uncle had given me to stay with him for a few days in Cambridge. I was prepared for the subject, physics. My friends and I were on the ground doing the last minute revisions and also discussing the questions that were supposed to come in the paper. Suddenly the bell rang and we got into our classrooms. The teacher came and quickly handed out the answer paper and the question paper. The paper was of two hours and some of the expected questions came. I finished it almost forty-five minutes earlier. But since it was a rule not to collect the answer paper before the allotted time. the teacher was not collecting and I had to sit till the time was over. I checked my paper twice and corrected some of the mistakes in it. I started thinking about the place my friends and I had planned to go after the paper. Though I was thinking for a long time, the time seemed to be endless. So I thought of drawing something on the question paper and turned it overleaf. I was shocked to see that the page which I had supposed to be blank had four more questions on it which carried 20 marks and would take at least half an hour to complete. I had a quick glance at my watch. There were only 10 minutes left. I was so nervous that I was hardly in a state to write anything. They were the sub-questions of the last question. Suddenly our physics teacher came in and told all of us that in the last question, out of 6 sub-questions only 2 had to be solved. I felt very much _ . Thereafter I never made such mistakes again. But I realized that my anxiousness and excitement could have cost me to lose 20 marks and decided never to make such a mistake again. \n Answer: The questions on the paper were difficult for the writer.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fd9b7c75b2d346609cd235dfb95ea3ac",
            "input": "Article: Rome-Doctors and medical groups around the world last weekend reacted with strong opposition to the news that an Italian specialist is _ cloning the first human baby.     DL Severino Antinod,who is the head of a hospital in Rome,has been referred to in an Arab newspaper as claiming that one of his patients is eight weeks pregnant with a cloned baby.     Antinori refused to comment on the reports,but in March 2001 he said he hoped to produce a cloned embryo for implantation within two years.So far seven different kinds of mammals have already successfully cloned,including sheep,cats and most recently rabbits. Doctors showed their doubt and were strongly opposed although they admit that human cloning would finally come true unless there was a world wide ban on the practice.        Professor Rudolf Jaenisch of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology says,\"I find it astonishing that people do this where the result can be foretold that it will not be a normal baby.It is using humans as guinea pigs.It makes people feel sick.\"But Ronald Green,director of the Ethics institute at Darmouth College in the US,said it is unlikely that an eight-week-old pregnancy would lead to a birth.     So far all cloned animals have suffered from some different serious disorders,many of them dying soon after their births.     Doctors are opposed to human cloning because they are worried about the welfare of the cloned child if there is one.     \"There are no benefits of cloned human begins,just harm.\"said Dr.Michael Wilks of the UK. \n Answer: They are against it.",
            "output": [
                "What is the doctor's general attitude to cloning of humans according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4016f80f215b4a24a13f62caa3eba82c",
            "input": "Article: People in China, as in other parts of the world, are waiting to see how U.S. President-elect Barack Obama will deal with global problems such as the current economic slowdown once he takes office. As Sam Beattie reports from Beijing, there is widespread hope for closer U.S.-Chinese cooperation. For many students in Beijing, Mr. Obama symbolizes all that is possible in the United States. He's a popular winner here, seen as a self-made man who has made it to the top. \"I think he is very charming, and a president who can create a new era,\" said Zhang Wei, a university student. \"I like him very much and most of my friends do too.\" Ni Weibo, another university student, agrees. \"Sino-U.S. relations still need more cooperation,\" she said. \"I think he will help take it to a new era.\" China's President Hu Jintao congratulated Mr. Obama within hours of his victory, saying he hoped bilateral ties could be made stronger. Political analysts here say China will be looking for the incoming president to avoid contentious issues such as Taiwan's independence, human rights and Tibet. Instead, they say Beijing would like Mr. Obama to focus on solving the global economic crisis, and to help China's slowing economy by opening up U.S. markets. But trade relations might be _ , says Renmin University's Professor of International Studies, Shi Yinhong. He warns, \"There is a possibility that President Obama will take some protectionist measures which China will not accept, then trade disputes could develop to a degree that we have not seen ever before.\" Despite making the headlines, Mr. Obama faces some tough challenges in managing the U.S. relationship with China. China is now a stronger and more confident country than the China his predecessors dealt with. And in this time of economic uncertainty, analysts say it's a country with which Mr. Obama will want to maintain a good relationship. \n Answer: What image Barack Obama has given to Chinese people.",
            "output": [
                "What is not mentioned in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-012d1388fd6d4c599cdcedfcf9dc2379",
            "input": "Article: D    It was about midday.I'd left work early in the morning to cash a check.I walked along to the bank and found there were only about ten or eleven customers in there, a pretty unusual number for those central banks. I waited until it was my turn, walked up to the desk and started talking to the bank clerk.He had a really strange expression on his face--just sort of a blank stare.I thought he was looking at me until I realized he was staring over my shoulder. I began to turn round to see what he was looking at and at the same moment, the outside bank guard, the one with the machine gun, came flying through the door and lay face down on the floor.Following him through the door were three absolutely frightening men wearing those horrible stocking masks.They were carrying guns; at least the one in front was carrying a pistol. Whether or not they said anything I can't remember to this day, or whether people just automatically put their hands up I don't know.I put my hands up but I just didn't know what to do.For a few moments there was just total silence, suddenly broken by the telephone ringing.I remember wondering who was on the other end of the line.Nobody answered the telephone, so it just kept on ringing and ringing, in this otherwise deathly quiet. Then two of the masked men went to the counter, jumped over it and got the cashiers and bank clerks to start filling their bags with cash.While the two were getting the money, the one at the door covering us with the gun obviously got a bit of an anxiety attack and started swearing at them, telling them to hurry up and get a move on. They jumped back over the counter.One of them lost his balance when he landed on the floor and fell over.The other two swore at him again.Then they left through the door, warning us, \"Don't move.Stay like that with your hands up for ten minutes.\" Then they just disappeared and there was total silence. \n Answer: The constant ringing of the phone.",
            "output": [
                "What could make the writer sense that something was about to happen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d70c520cf3c6462ca570bdb23cdf1b95",
            "input": "Article: New software is able to analyze exactly how many hairs there are in a patch of skin and could help in testing the effectiveness of baldness  treatments and depilatory  creams, say Australian researchers. Researchers from CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences in prefix = st1 /Sydneyreport their findings in the November issue of the journalSkin Research and Technology. The software, developed with a UKcompany, will make it easier for researchers developing hair removal creams to accurately assess how well they work, says Dr Pascal Vallotton. \"Up to now they were counting the number of hairs that survived after treatment by hand. That's hard work and it's difficult because you may count a hair twice or you may miss it.\" he said. The software relies on images captured by a small flatbed scanner  pressed onto the skin. Using a mathematical algorithm , the software then identifies and traces each individual hair based on an understanding of a hair's unique features, such as its   straightness.  The software is able to distinguish between hairs and other features on the skin such as wounds or moles .  \"Our skin irregularities  make it difficult to say this is a hair or this is a mole,\" Dr Vallotton said.  Comparison between earlier and later images can also determine if hair is growing quickly or slowly, he says. Unfortunately, to check the accuracy of the software, the researchers still had to adopt the old-fashioned method of counting hairs, helped by volunteers from neighboring labs who put their skins on the line for science. \"We had 12 volunteers, mostly from neighboring labs, and we acquired images of hair before and after treatment,\" Dr Vallotton said. To ensure an accurate count, the individual hairs had to be marked off as they were counted, but after such a laborious process, the researchers were pleased to discover the software results were comparable to the manual  count. Dr Vallotton says the software could also be useful in testing the effectiveness of balding  treatments and counting or tracing substances other than hairs, that are long and thin and otherwise difficult to image. \n Answer: It can be used to test medical treatments.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the new software?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f4ca99824374258940ec3a1dbfd91f3",
            "input": "Article: She was returning from teaching out in a small community  . It was a moonless night, and a heavy snow was falling. She remembered back to when she had first started teaching out in small communities. In those days she had always picked up hitchhikers  , until the day her sister told her of a friend who had been shot   in the head by a hitchhiker, all because she had stopped out of kindness to help him during a storm. Her family didn't become concerned   about her safety over the hitchhikers until the family heard the promise: \"No more hitchhikers!\" The snow that night was making her think back to this. Then she saw a man waving. She slowed down for him, but now as he ran toward the car in the dark she shook with fear. Yet she thought that if he was truly in need she couldn't leave him here in this storm. The stranger explained that his car was dead, and she told him to get in. They drove for an hour into the next city and she took him to a telephone booth  . She waited until he had made a call. When he reported back to her that a family member would soon come for him, she wished him well and left.  _ \"I hope they'll understand why I had to break my promise,\" she thought. \n Answer: She seldom picked up strangers.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the woman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4df1d6e4de284c2184f3cf98925b7659",
            "input": "Article: In real life, the daily struggles between parents and children are around these narrow problems of an extra hour, extra TV show, and so on\" said Avi Sadeh, psychology professor at Tel Aviv University. \"Too little sleep and more accidents,\" he said. Sadeh and his colleagues found an extra hour of sleep can make a big difference. The children who slept longer, although they woke up more frequently during the night, scored higher on tests, Sadeh reported in the March/April issue of journal Child Development. \"When the children slept longer, their sleep quality was somewhat weak, but in spite of this their performance for study improved because the extra sleep was more significant than the reduction in sleep quality. \" Sadeh said. \"Some studies suggested that lack of sleep as a child affects development into adulthood and it's more likely to develop their attention disorder when they grow older. \" In earlier studies, Sadeh's team found that fourth graders slept an average of 8. 2 hours and sixth graders slept an average of 7. 7 hours. \"Previous research has shown children in elementary school need at least nine hours of sleep a night on a regular basis, said Carl Hunt, director of the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research in Bethesda, and high-school-age children need somewhat less, he said, adding the results of insufficient sleep could be serious. \"A tired child is an accident waiting to happen,\" Hunt said. \"And as kids get older, toys get bigger and the risks higher. \"Hunt also said too little sleep could result in learning and memory problems and long-term effects on school performance. \"This is an important extension of what we already know, \" Hunt said of Sadeh's research, adding sleep is as important as nutrition  and exercise to good health. \"To put it into reality,\" Hunt said, \"parents should make sure they know when their children actually are going to sleep and their rooms are conducive to sleeping instead of playing. \" \n Answer: The children who sleep longer are weak in their study.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3ee2375ef199443588973ac2e1f994e5",
            "input": "Article: About half American teenagers do not get enough sleep on school nights.They get an average of sixty to ninety minutes less than experts say they need. One reason for _ is biology.Experts say teens are biologically programmed to go to sleep later and wake up later than other age groups.Yet many schools start classes as early as seven in the morning.As a result,many students go to class feeling like sixteenyearold Danny.He is an active teen-- except in the morning.\"Getting up in the morning is pretty terrible.I'm just very out of it and tired.Through the first and second period I can hardly stay awake,\" he said. Michael Breus is a psychologist.Teens,he says,need to sleep eight to nine hours or even nine to ten hours a night.He says sleepy teens can experience a form of depression  that could have big influence on their general well being.It can affect not just their ability in the classroom but also on the sports field and on the road.So what can schools do about sleepy students?The psychologist says one thing they can do is to start classes later in the morning.Studies show that students can improve by a full letter grade in their first and second period classes. Eric Peterson is the head of St.George's School in the northeastern state of Rhode Island.He wanted to see if a thirtyminute delay would make a difference.It did.He says visits to the health center by tired students decreased by half.Late arrivals to the first period fell by a third.And students reported that they were less sleepy during the day.Eric Peterson knows that changing start times is easier at a small school like his.But he is hopeful that other schools will find a way. \n Answer: Later classes,fewer sleepy teens",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f3ca11d99ffe46c5a9a3ca92f137dc0c",
            "input": "Article: There is an agreement that we are depriving   this current generation of young kids a chance to do what they are not only equipped to do,but need to dotake some risks.And we're not talking about unimportant ones,either.Kids need to learn how to handle \"dangerous\" things like power tools,make fires,and have the benefits that occur from \"playing with knives\".     Hanna Rosin focuses on some of the misguided reasons we are raising \"The Overprotected Kid\" in the Atlantic.She says our concerns with kids' safety go beyond the actual risks.     I agree with this new opinion. For many kids growing up today,there are fewer and fewer opportunities to practice risk taking.Risk taking is an important skill every kid needs to learn,how to do something that they are a little seared of doing because they haven't done it before.Part of the reason for \"Overprotection\" is certainly the parental fear. This is certainly evident in terms of the physical environment.     I claim that much of the parental concern isn't driven by.fear of injury--it's more about concern with success.     \"Play\" may be in fact less dangerous than our structured sports--yet we focus more on the risk because we don't see the benefit.And this broader concern with success is not limited to the playground or sports field.\"Overprotection\" certainly happens in the social and academic fields as well,as phrases like \"helicopter parent\" have become mainstream.There is plenty of social and academic risk taking that can also be prevented because of the perception of risk. \n Answer: Parents' concerns with kids' safety aren't actually necessary mostly.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would Hanna Rosin agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8a2dc22afea74fe79ebc20f5646f7d8d",
            "input": "Article: Girls who get enough dairy  products in their diets may weigh less than other teens with the same age. Girls who consumed more dairy products were found to have slimmer  middles than girls of the same age and race who ate the same number of calories and got the same amount of exercise. Girls who drank more soda, but also ate the same total calories, tended to be heavier. The newly reported study included 323 white and Asian girls between the ages of 9 and 14. A number of studies, mostly in adults, have shown that calcium may be key in maintaining normal body weight and fat stores. One reason may be the nutrient's effects on hormones that help store calories as fat. In the new study, reported in the Journal of Nutrition, calcium from dairy sources, but not non-dairy foods, was related to lower weight and less abdominal fat--the link was particularly strong among girls of Asian decent , who made up 47 percent of the study group. This suggests that \"the dairy ingredient of the calcium intake is the key factor,\" write the study authors, led by Dr. Rachel Novotny of the University of Hawaii in prefix = st1 /Honolulu. It's possible, they explain, that other nutrients in milk play an important role in weight balance. For reasons that are unclear, the effect on body fat was stronger for Asian girls than for white girls, according to Novotny and her colleagues. They  _ that ethnic differences in which dairy products are usually consumed, or in eating habits-having small amounts of dairy throughout the day, for instance, rather than a single large serving--may help explain the finding. According to the researchers, soda may increase pounds by adding calories to kid's diets, or by replacing milk. Milk, they note, has a range of nutrients, including protein and fat, which means it is metabolized  ly slowly. Soda contains only sugar, which is quickly metabolized, easily causing hunger. \n Answer: Dairy Products Build Slimmer Bodies in Girls",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-27cfb943917541dcbb748799d2c0bc90",
            "input": "Article: A long time ago, in an Italian city, the people there built a tower which was admired by everyone passing through. A little further down the road, in a neighboring city, they had built a tower of similar beauty. The two towers were equally well known. The people of the second city, envious   and filled with pride, planned to destroy the neighboring tower so it wouldn't take attention away from their own. One night, they came to the tower and began to quietly its foundations . The next morning, the tower was leaning  slightly ,but nobody noticed. The same happened for the following few days, until a little girl who was passing by pointed up at the tower and said: \" I think the tower is going to fall down.\" And everyone around looked closely, and could see that she was right .Nervousness spread through the city. And they tried many methods to try to straighten the tower, but nothing seemed to work. That was, until one day when the same little girl was walking up again, and she put her arm on the side of the tower to rest. She felt the tower shaking slightly. When she took her hand off it, the movement stopped. And when she put it back on again, the same thing happened. The girl spent a while doing this, until she was completely certain of what she had discovered: \" The tower is ticklish ( ) !\" She ran to get some plants, and she planted them right next to the tower. Now if the tower leant over any further it would be tickled by the leaves of those plants. Being a ticklish tower, it would then return to where it had been. In this way, the girl managed to make sure that the tower didn't fall down, but still kept it leaning a little. The fact that it was leaning made it even more famous, and this taught a fine lesson to the envious people of the neighboring city. \n Answer: Because they hoped that visitors just liked their own tower.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the people of the second city plan to destroy the neighboring tower?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8880b497bfce47c9992ad15eaf4fe9ba",
            "input": "Article: After the coming of Europeans to the Americas, Indians were forced to change their way of life. Yet the influence of Native American culture is still felt throughout the United States. Many of the foods commonly eaten in the United States today were first grown by American Indians. Among these foods are corn, white and sweet potatoes, peanuts, pumpkins, tomatoes, and certain beans and berries. Native Americans also discovered ways to use herbs and other plants as medicines. Native American inventions, such as canoes, ponchos and parkas ,hammocks and snowshoes are still in use today. Other marks of Indian culture were left in American place names. The state of Alaska, for example, takes its name from a Native American word meaning \"great land\". Today nearly 1.5 million Native Americans live in the United States. Some still preserve the ways of their ancestors, speaking Indian languages and keeping alive their legends, art forms, and customs. Other Native Americans keep few of the old ways, but remain proud of their people's contributions to American history. Americans have come to appreciate the beauty of Indian crafts . Many artists find  _ in traditional Indian designs. Many Indian values, too, have become widely held. Americans today believe that the land, air and water are precious resources that must be carefully protected. As one government official wrote recently: We have slowly come back to some of the truths that the Indians knew from the beginning. People need to learn from nature, to keep an ear to the earth, and to refill their spirits in frequent contacts with animals and wild land. \n Answer: Americans.",
            "output": [
                "What does \"Native Americans\" refer to in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8d190150e99847648f718c2b2580d8f7",
            "input": "Article: Testing new drugs for safety and effectiveness is a costly process in the United States. It also can take:lot of time. Some scientists are now designing silicon computer chips  that act like human organs. The scientists think they have found a way to make the process faster and more economical. The silicon computer chips are smaller than a child's hand. Each one has living cells that act and react like a human organ. The chips are being created as part of a program to test the safety of drug compounds. It is called the Tissue Chip for Drug Screening Program. It is a project of the US National Center for Advancing Tmnslational Sciences, or NCATS. Danilo Tagle is the center's Associate Director. He says a three-dimensional computer chip can be designed to act like a human lung. Some computer chips contain very small models of the human digestive system. They copy the real function or duties of the human stomach and intestine , moving when breaking down food. Drugs are added to the tiny organs for testing through instruments known as micro-tubes. Experiments with the tissue chips have produced more detailed information than tests using animal or cell models. NCATS just announced$17 million in grants to develop an entire human organ system over the next three years. \n Answer: .To further study the function of human organs.",
            "output": [
                "Why are scientists designing silicon computer chips acting like human organs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1a2092d9bf24498c9ac1f6169dd70bd4",
            "input": "Article: March 21 has been declared World Sleep Day, a time to recognize and celebrate the value of sleep. Many sleep experts hope it will be _  According to a poll  by the National Sleep Foundation, nearly 4 in 5 Americans don't get as much sleep as they should during the workweek. On average, adults are thought to need at least eight hours of sleep a night, although some can manage with less and some won't do well without more. But the survey found that, on workdays, only 21% of Americans actually get a full eight hours of sleep, and another 21% get less than six. To many of us, the thought of spending more time sleeping is, well, a big yawn. On the other hand, the thought of being smarter, thinner, healthier and more cheerful has a certain appeal. And those are just a few of the advantages that can be ours if we consistently get enough sleep, researchers say. Also on the plus side: We're likely to have better skin, better memories, better judgment, and, oh, yes, longer lives. \"When you lose even one hour of sleep for any reason, it influences your performance the next day,\" says Dr. Alon Avidan, director of the UCLA Sleep Disorders Center. A study published last year found the same to be true even of children. When kids aged 8 to 12 slept for just one hour less for four nights, they didn't function as well during the day. But sleeping has an image problem. \"We see napping or sleeping as lazy,\" says Jennifer Vriend, a clinical psychologist in Ottawa, Canada, and the leading author of the study with children. \"We put so much emphasis on diet, nutrition and exercise. Sleep is in the back seat.\"  In fact, she adds, no matter how much we work out, no matter how well we eat, we can't be in top physical shape unless we also get plenty of sleep. \n Answer: To stress the function of sleeping at night.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3c6b7445e5174874b0345ee3b147d913",
            "input": "Article: Do your parents smoke? Where do they smoke - outside, at work or at home when you are around? According to a survey published in the journal Academic Pediatrics, an alarming number of US parents are still risking their children's lives by smoking in front of them. Half of all children aged 6 to 19, even those with asthma  , have been exposed to second-hand smoke in the country, reported Reuters. \"It's well known that smoking kills, but many smokers still don't realize the damage their smoke causes to those around them,\" Dame Sally, Chief Medical Officer for England, was quoted by the Independent as saying.  Tobacco smoke contains more than 7,000 chemicals, hundreds of which are poisonous. About 70 of them can cause cancer, not to mention other diseases, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  What's most scary is that there is no safe level of contact with second-hand smoke---even \"low-level\" exposure can be harmful to one's health. And \"low-level\" means when a parent or family member smokes in another room or even outside.  While second-hand smoke can be harmful to people of all ages, children face a greater risk than adults: they have smaller lungs; they breathe more quickly; and they have less developed immune  systems.  Also, young children have little control over their surroundings. Babies can't move to another room because the air is smoky. They depend on the adults in their lives to make sure that their environments are safe.  Recent years have seen second-hand smoke exposure drop---but for adults rather than kids, because policies have been started around the world to ban smoking in public places such as offices, bars and restaurants. However, \"Children tend to be exposed to second-hand smoke in homes and cars, and these places are not included in most laws and policies,\" Amy Ferketich, a researcher at The Ohio State University, US, told Reuters. So what can we do to limit children's exposure to second-hand smoke? Parents should stop smoking for good. But if they can't, they should never smoke---or let others smoke---around their children. \n Answer: Hundreds of chemicals contained in tobacco can cause cancer.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cbc1233eac6140d2b473f4e4e17f4eb1",
            "input": "Article: People in Poland tend to spend Christmas with their families, and the most important part of Christmas is Christmas Eve supper. The whole family just sits around the table, and there are twelve traditional dishes on the table, and you are supposed to taste them all, because if you don't try them all you may have bad luck in the coming year. Before everybody sits down to supper, they just break wafers with each other, wishing each ot her good luck. As soon as the supper is over, the children go to the other room, where the big Christmas tree stands and they find Christmas presents under the Christmas tree. After that, the whole family just sits around the table singing Christmas songs, and waiting for midnight to come, when they go to church. \n Answer: . Their families",
            "output": [
                "With whom do Polish people have Christmas Eve supper?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-96f8a3b9c2434e7a8f0dbdb9e964a1e3",
            "input": "Article: Singapore is a country with 42% of its population foreign born. Singaporeans, even those of the same ethnic group  , have many different first languages and cultures. For example,  within the Singaporean Chinese group, nearly a third speak English as their home language while almost half speak Standard Chinese as their home language and the rest speak various Chinese dialects   as their home language. Due to these reasons, the English fluency level of people in Singapore varies vastly from person to person. Most reasonably educated Singaporeans do speak Singapore Standard English, alternatively known as Educated Singapore English, which, grammatically, is not different from standard British English, with changes being limited to accent and a few borrowed words, causing few challenges to any native Britons.  Singapore English derives   its roots from the 146 years of British colonial rule over Singapore until its independence in 1965. Before 1965, the standard form of English in Singapore had always been British English. After Singapore declared independence, English in Singapore began to take a life of its own, leading to the development of modern Singapore English. English had been the official language of the colonial government, and when Singapore gained self-government in 1959, the local government decided to keep English as the main language in order to help develop economy. The use of English as the nation's first language serves to bridge the gap between different ethnic groups in Singapore. English is the global language for commerce, technology and science, and improvement of English also helps to expedite Singapore's development and it becomes important part of the global economy. There is an increasing trend of Singaporeans speaking English at home. For children who started primary school in 2009, 60% of Chinese along with 60% Indian pupils and 35% of Malay pupils mainly speak English at home. Because many Singaporeans grew up with English as their first language in school, some Singaporean Chinese may not be able to speak Standard Chinese. \n Answer: Nearly sixty percent of the population.",
            "output": [
                "How many people in Singapore are native?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f5c858a665a94aa18cdce1f85fa2ae09",
            "input": "Article: U.S.President Barack Obama said on Friday he can make the case for a second term, and voters will come to see him as the candidate best prepared to serve as president by next year's elections, according to an interview he gave to the U.S. media. In an interview he gave the Associated Press, Obama admitted that the state of the economy could be his biggest obstacle to win reelection . \"I think the economy's going to continue to improve, and I think I'm going to be able to make an effective case that... I am the person who is best prepared to finish the job so that we are on track to succeed in the 21st century.\" Obama said in the video interview conducted in Chicago, where he attended money-raising events the previous night. \"I think I can make that case, and I think that, in the debates that take place over the next 18 months, the American people will feel that I deserve a second term,\" he said. He made the reelection announcement on April 4. According to a survey on Friday, Only 41 percent of people support him, lower than his competitor. Someone said the figure was influenced by economic dissatisfaction. \n Answer: Obama Says He Deserves a Second Term",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title for this article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0197255f129649c793f783a38e816056",
            "input": "Article: It's not often you get information about a destination from a heavy metal band, but in Debrecen, Hungary's second largest city, locals are used to having to make a noise to get heard. Just off the historic center, Roncs bar is a pub that also hosts live music.  It has the atmosphere of a student party in an old building that might soon be knocked down. Roncs is owned by Hungary's best-known heavy metal rock band, Tankcsapda. Sometimes referred to as the \"Hungarian Metallica\", the band has taken a type of music that is famous worldwide and-through lyrics, album covers, and an annual New Year's party and concert-made it all about their home city. It's perhaps fitting that Tankcsapda should be seen as ambassadors for Debrecen-the city sometimes needs loud heavy metal rock music to get noticed. \"Foreigners think that Hungary is Budapest and there's nothing else,\" is a familiar saying on Debrecen's[:streets. Debrecen has, at times, been more important than the current seat of power, with locals claiming it takes over in times of trouble. That doesn't quite add up. Debrecen survived an attack from the Mongols in the 13th century, the Black Death, 150 years of struggle against the Ottomans and numerous conflicts, and yet it[:has still only briefly been the country's capital twice. This happened for the first time after a short-lived revolution in 1849, and for a second time at the end of World War II. Today, Debrecen may not be well known to tourists, but that only adds to the charm of this relaxed city. It's a small place; the historical center is sized for strolling   and regular cafe stops. There's also a view of Debrecen's mix of architectural styles, a result of the frequent large fires that back in the 19th century led the city's students to form one of Europe's first-ever fire brigades  . You can also see traditional _ from the rooftops, featuring Islamic star and crescent moon symbols that once advertised to Ottoman invaders that the city preferred trading to fighting. Trade meant that Debrecen's skilled people became very successful and the city became famous for-among other things-fine foods, hats and clay pipes. In the early 19th century, 10 million clay pipes were reportedly made a year, with thousands bought for Britain's navy. \n Answer: Create a unique type of heavy metal music.",
            "output": [
                "What do Debrecen citizens expect Tankcsapda to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a3e00941950348b2b98fc35f6c9bbf79",
            "input": "Article: East Corner Wonton,70 East Broadway,343-9896 If you come too late,they may have run out of roast duck and chicken,but you can always count on fresh supplies of eggs or rice,noodles and pork-filled dumplings. Evergreen,63 Matt St.571-3339 Shanghai-style rice dishes,hot and sour soup,chicken with peanuts,and eggplant or cucumber($5 95)won't  _ and this often-crowded and always-reliable place. Sheng Wang,27 Eldridge St.,nr.Canal St,9250805 The pulled noodles are made fresh as we watch and put into boiling water.They have a new noodle man here,and he's really good. Joe's Shanghai,9 Pell St.,732-6973 You can enjoy tasty soup dumplings,fresh vegetables and whole yellow fish(the Chinese believe fish,cooked whole,means richness). Hunan Garden,1 Mott St.(across from Chatham Square),732-7270 Have a New Year menu and enjoy the dancing lions. Sweet n' Tart, 20 Mott St.(between Chatham Square and Pell St.),964-0380 Strangers seated together have a Chinese New Year menu with a multi-course dinner for $25 per person. \n Answer: Fish is cooked whole to save trouble.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is wrong?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-27609bd5be194e939d9165c2a10c25c4",
            "input": "Article: An Italian couple are to become the world's oldest divorcees, after the 99 - year - old husband found that his 96 - year - old wife had an affair in the 1940s. The Italian man, called by lawyers in the case as Antonio C, was looking through an old drawer when he made the discovery a few days before Christmas. In spite of the time that had passed since the affair, he was so upset that he immediately asked his wife of 77years, named as Rosa C, whether it was true, and demanded a divorce. Stricken by the guilt, she reportedly admitted everything but was unable to persuade her husband to reconsider his decision, though her children also did much more work. She wrote the letters to her lover during a secret affair in the 1940s, according to court papers _ in Rome this week, which made people know the truth. The couple are now preparing to split; though the marriage they built has lasted over nearly eight decades- they have five children,  a dozen grandchildren and one great - grand child. The discovery of the letters was the final problem for their marriage which had already run into difficulty-10 years ago the husband briefly left their house in Rome and moved in with one of his sons, only to return a few weeks later. The Italian thought the fierce split resulted from the couple's southern blood  he is originally from Olbia in Sardinia: while his wife was born in Naples. The couple met during the 1930s when Antonio served as a young officer. The case appears to set a new record, at least for the age of the oldest figures - the previous oldest couple to divorce were Bertie and Jessie Wood, both aged 98, from the UK. That pair ended their 36 - year marriage in 2009 when they were both two years away from their l00th birthdays.They got married in Elstree, Hertfordshire, in 1972, having both ended previous marriages, before moving to Falmouth, Cornwall four years later. \n Answer: The Italian thought the fierce split resulted from the discovery of the letters.",
            "output": [
                "Which is true according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e208fd3f2b6c402b8cf823b392b62a05",
            "input": "Article: A family in Guelph, Ontario is spending a year living \"in 1982\".They're doing it so their kids can see what life was like before technology like iPads, computers and even coffee machines was part of everyday life. They have stopped using all technology from their home and are relying on the things people would have used back in the 80s.There is a box at the front door where people can put their cell phones in, while they're visiting the family. Blair McMillan and his wife Morgan want their kids--Trey, 5, and Denton, 2 -- to have a year without technology. Instead of reading ereaders, they are reading books. Instead of using a GPS, they used paper maps. The home the family is living in was built in the 1980s.Even the way they dress and style their hair is from the 80s. The whole idea started when young Trey was called to come outside. He didn't because he was busy playing on the iPad. That's why his dad thought of the idea of living \"in 1982\" for a year. The family plans to live like \"it's 1982\" until April next year. To them, one of the hardest things was giving up their cell phones. \n Answer: They can use the phone prepared by the family.",
            "output": [
                "What will the visitors do when they come to see a family?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87ba4e62778c402cb7d1b34482379ce8",
            "input": "Article: Researchers and many scientists are concerned that the earth's climate and atmosphere are becoming warmer than they should be. What scientists do agree on is that the temperature will continue to increase if measures are not taken to reduce pollution and emission   from cars and factories. It is widely agreed that oil and coal create greenhouse gases when they are burned to produce heat or power. These emissions include carbon dioxide, which is the cause of most of the global warming problem. The loss of the trees in many areas is making the problem worse, because trees and plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. The fewer trees that are left standing, the less carbon dioxide can be absorbed. Scientists predict that the sea level will rise, ice caps   will melt, and some animals and plants will fail to survive because their habitat will disappear. There may be more deserts and less available farmland because of the dry ground, and there may be more storms and floods in many countries. Some countries, including the UK and the US, are taking steps to prevent the situation from becoming worse. There are programmes to educate citizens and students about the situation and recycling waste is becoming more common. New guidelines are being introduced to try to limit greenhouse gases from being produced by factories and businesses. Using more alternative energy sources is also a good way to prevent global warming. One thing that everyone can do is limit their use of energy every day, and you can do this no matter how old or young you are. Try to limit the unnecessary use of electricity and work to conserve energy every day. \n Answer: No Emissions, No Warming",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b6832990b5fd4bc89d5d5e3cd4707e97",
            "input": "Article: How \"Kangaroo\" Became an Animal's Name Early in the 18th century, Captain Cook, a famous explorer of Australia, unexpectedly saw an unusual animal during his first visit to Australia. The animal had a large mouth-like head and jumped along on its large legs. To his surprise, the unusual animal carried its baby in a special pocket of flesh. Captain Cook pointed to the animal which was eating grass in the distance and asked his local guide what that animal was. The guide seemed not to know what he was pointing at and finally said Kang-a-roo. Cook carefully wrote down Kang-a-roo as the animal's name in his word book. The Europeans who later got to Australia were anxious to see the unusual animal \"Kang-a-roo\", but their requests met with puzzled looks of the local people. Before long they got to discover that the local guide who made the answer to Cook's question really meant, \"I don't know what you are pointing at.\" Funny enough, the name \"Kang-a-roo\" stuck and it is still in use today. \n Answer: Captain Cook loved wild animals.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a4b38ca3feb5491099e9680bf6ce23e7",
            "input": "Article: My daughter recently asked me what a Travel Agency does. There is one located on our street and it has just been completely rebuilt. I told her that they helped people book their trips and vacations. \"Why haven't we ever been in there?\" she wanted to know. \"Because we do everything ourselves online these days\" I explained. \"But why do it yourself if other people want to do it for you?\" she wondered out loud. The answer is that the travel agency makes a little bit of money on each ticket you book through them. If you book your ticket yourself, online, you save that money. Saving money sounds great except that when you think about it you typically spend three evenings comparing prices to end up saving $30 on a $300 trip. All those $30 discounts add up of course so I guess we should be happy with that. Still, how bad is it really to pay someone $30 and trust them to buy you something decent? Wouldn't you say your free evenings are worth more than $10 a piece? Consider books for a moment. Buying your book at Amazon saves you maybe 30% to 40% on each book. Add to that the convenience of shopping from home and getting the package delivered to your home address. So far so good. Unfortunately that does mean you spend way too much time browsing Amazon. com while you could do something fun instead. Like maybe reading an actual book? Then the package arrives and you aren't home and end up having to pick it up at the local post- office. All in all I wonder how much time I end up investing in the whole process. Time sounds free, but to most of us, it is more valuable than money. The Internet Economy promised to get rid of the middle-men and we loved it. Somehow, I'm starting to get the feeling that we ourselves ended up doing the work of that middle-men we were so eager to get rid of. In any project you can always pick two of these: fast, cheap or good. We seem to have focused a lot on 'cheap' and 'good' but the extra time we need to invest to keep it 'fast' comes out of our own pockets. You can always make more money but you can never make more time. \n Answer: The author likes the convenience but is concerned about the e-commerce environment.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's attitude towards the Internet Economy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-039c64e9711043de9d9e1e1fdf65bb68",
            "input": "Article: Try and see inside your mind a wide open blue sky and a wide green sea far away. Breathe in as you circle your hands high above your head, then bend back a little. Breathe out as you circle your arms back down to your sides...\"     Following the yoga teacher's gentle instructions, Bai Yunuo,15, from the High School attached to Beijing Normal University tried to get each of her poses correct.         Bai's school offered 24 elective courses   for Senor 1 students this term and she chose two. It was her first yoga class.    \"I'm happy that I can learn yoga at school. I love dancing but I had some injuries on my knees when I was a kid. So I decide to try something soft. Simply stretching into different poses makes me feel free and quiet. And the music is quite comforting. The class is relaxing after a whole day's work,\" Bai said.     Liu Zehao,15, found his interest was Junior Achievement  . The course brought students into the real world of business. In their first class, Liu and his group members named their company \"Vision\". Liu was elected as CEO of the company.     \"Here we learn to think like an adult. We have to make our company get more money. It's new and different from other courses,\" he said.     Liu and Bai take their elective courses twice a week with students from other classes who share the same interest. The students will get two credits   from each course at the end of this term. They have to achieve eight credit points from electives to graduate from high school.     If you are interested in more about elective courses, please CLICK HERE to register for general elective courses. \n Answer: Yoga is softer than dancing.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-de00f931891a46dda43ca0d39e39add5",
            "input": "Article: By 2050, half of the world's population will live in the tropics--the  ly warm belt that circles the globe--according to State of the Tropics, a report released today. Rapid population growth, along with economic growth, means that the region's influence will grow in coming decades, the authors of the 500-page work predict. The project, first launched in 2011, aimed to answer one significant question: Is life in the tropics improving? To find out, the researchers analyzed environmental, social, and economic indicators collected over 6 decades. It finds that the region has made \"extraordinary progress\" in many areas. For example, more people have access to safe drinking water, and the number of protected areas is increasing. The tropics also have outperformed the rest of the world in economic growth over the past 30 years. However, some challenges remain. Investment in research and development, for example, has increased cautiously, but tropical nations still invest less than the rest of the world. \"As a proportion of GDP the Rest of the World invests almost four times as much in research and development than the Tropics.\" concludes the report. The report also includes a new analysis of how climate change will affect the region. Many plant and animal species are moving poleward in an attempt to stay within their preferred environmental conditions in the tropics, the authors write. However, some organisms may not be able to keep pace with the changing conditions, they predict. As a result, they can experience population declines or go extinct. In addition, an expanded tropical zone also threatens health and safety issues, the authors warn. As regions become more suitable to insects such as mosquitoes and ticks, the spread of insect-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Lyme disease could rise, causing a burden to human health and the economy.  Bruna, a researcher, says he sees a lot to be concerned about in the report. \"While we've made incredible advances in some areas, I think the risks for the tropics that are highlighted in this report are things that we really need to be concerned about.\" \n Answer: To answer if life in the tropics is improving.",
            "output": [
                "What was the original purpose of the project State of the Tropics?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-77842d9c04bd42e593f27246d38a7243",
            "input": "Article: No opera smells of the sea quite like Britten's Peter Grimes. The music makes us constantly aware of the sea's immensity, it's potential for threat, and the play of light on its waves. But the sea isn't just a special background, it weighs on the lives of the characters, offering them a living, but at a price. In the first act the laboured sound of the strings evokes   the complete heaviness of the sailor's work, as they haul  the boats up the shingle  . Then a storm gathers which rages  through the scene at the Inn, and stirs up an orchestral hurricane. Even when it's calm and favorable, the sea is inescapable. In the comfortable enclosed world of the opera house, this can only be suggested. In the production of Peter Grimes about to open at the Aldeburgh Festival, it will be really present, because the opera is taking place on the beach, the setting for much of the narrative of Britten's opera, and also the poem by the Suffolk poet George Crabbe that inspired it. This won't be the first opera production to be set in the actual landscape in which the action takes place. There's a well-known filmed production of Tosca shot in Castel Gandolfo in Rome, and a production of Donizetti's Anna Bolena was once mounted in the moat  surrounding the Tower of London. But those were manageable urban landscapes, with comfortingly solid buildings to act as wind shields and acoustic blocks. On the Aldeburgh beach there's actually nothing, apart from a few boats, some whole, some wrecked. Here anything more complicated than walking the dog is hard to solve. The wind blows away one's words, so conversation is hard, and anything not tied down tends to blow away. The sliding shingle turns one's steps into a drunken stagger. The idea of performing an opera in these conditions seems quite _ -- an accusation Aldeburgh director Jonathan Reakie takes cheerfully on the chin. Why has he done it? \"Well, Grimes is the opera of Britten's that's most associated with Aldeburgh, but it's never been produced at the Festival which he founded. There just isn't the space for it. In his anniversary year we wanted to focus on Britten's connection with Suffolk, and this seemed the boldest way to do it.\" Having had the mad idea, Reakie found his colleagues were not just accepting, but enthusiastic. \"We spent a long time thinking about ways to do it. One idea we had was to do all the scenes at the right time of day. There's one scene at dawn, another at midday, and a lot of action at night, but that was too complicated. Then we thought about doing a few scenes on the beach. But in the end, we thought hell, let's just do the whole thing.\" \n Answer: Hard.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can best describe the sailor's work in the first act?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aff9333516ca452eafbc288ee1f4cbd9",
            "input": "Article: Google is preparing for changes in its privacy policy beginning March 1st. The company says it plans to replace more than 60 separate policies for different products with one main policy. Privacy activists criticized last month's announcement. They are concerned that the new policy will make it easier to track the activities of users across Google's many products -- from Gmail to YouTube. Marc Rotenberg heads the Electronic Privacy Information Center in Washington. He says Google's aim is to create a single unified profile  of its users. \"We believe that not only is that a threat to privacy, we actually believe it is illegal, because last year Google entered into an agreement with the US Federal Trade Commission in which they said they would not engage in that kind of data sharing without the permission of their users.\" Google says its new policy will make it simpler for users to share information across services like Google Search, Gmail and Google Calendar. And it says the new policy will help personalize each user's experience. Over time, it says, users can expect to see better search results, fewer unwanted advertisements and more content targeted to their interests. But Marc Rotenberg says in return, people who choose to use Google will lose control over the information they share. \"The type of information you might provide for an e-mail service, for example, such as your address book, which contains private information, is different from the type of information that you might provide for a social network service where people purposely make information publicly available to their friends.\" Mr. Rotenberg says these two kinds of services should be kept separate. \"By trying to combine these two services, in our view, Google is actually undermining a very well established expectation of privacy, especially for popular Internet services like electronic mail.\" Critics also see a bigger problem with Google's new policy. The plan would not give users a choice to drop out of the data sharing.  \"In our view, if people want to make their potential information available, they certainly should have the right to do that. What we are objecting to is the effort by the company to take                                                          away from the users that choice that they should have. That just seems unfair.\" Google says it will not be collecting any more data than it does now. And it says users will still be able to control many privacy settings. For example, they can disable their search history and set Gmail chat to \"off the record.\" European Union officials have asked the company to delay the new policy to make sure it would not violate any EU data protection laws. Marc Rotenberg thinks the Federal Trade Commission in Washington might also try to block the new policy. \n Answer: To build up a unified profile of its users",
            "output": [
                "What's Google's purpose to change its privacy policy according to Marc Rotenberg?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-316757903df643048fced3373fdb96ef",
            "input": "Article: If you are a wealthy resident of India, madly in love and planning your big fat wedding--or being pressured into arranged marriage--Thailand wants you to exchange vows  in Bangkok, Phuket or elsewhere in this \"wedding Paradise \". This wedding business starts from overseas with the Indians. Thai embassies in India give quick services for the visas. Not only the couples, you can bring anyone, say, your own cook. So, feel free to invite hundreds of your friends and relatives. Why would Indians want to spend so much on weddings in Thailand? Because they have similarities in religion. When Indian weddings want to have some religious prayer for the couples, Thailand can do that. But the more obvious appeal are Thailand's fancy hotels, tropical islands, and delicious Thai food, allowing newlyweds to include a honeymoon in Thailand after they say \"I do\" while their guests also celebrate on a holiday here. But on the other hand, love does have a price. Kasu Rajagopal arranged for his daughter to have a wedding in Phuket. They arranged entertainment to begin three days before the wedding, because guests' arrival time varied. Yachts were chartered to take guests to small islands, while a DJ, flown in from Bangalore, India, was booked to help them dance in the evening. Kasu also arranged priests for the Hindu wedding, and cooks to prepare Indian food. The approximate costs are around half a million U. S. dollars, including the airfares, hotel accommodation, food, transportation, the yachts on hire and the wedding ceremony expenses, for 225 to 250 guests. Thailand wants to make itself a wedding paradise for all couples, not just from India, but from around the world. Last year, there were around 500 to 600 couples from China, and the numbers are slowly coming up. Westerners also arrive to get married, but in much smaller numbers. \n Answer: Guests are not satisfied with Indian weddings.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main reason why the Indians would go to Thailand for weddings?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4794d33fd8cc44d0a82e4e4ef322f4fc",
            "input": "Article: Here are some tips on how to keep you,your belongings and your money safe during traveling. After all,it'd be a shame to spend all that time finding the best price for your trip,only to lose your cash and credit cards to a thief. Don't let others know that you are new here. You're a tourist. You know that,but you don't want anybody else to know that. Don't unfold your big map on a busy corner. Don't ask strangers on the street for directions. Learn your route ahead of time,and step into a business for directions whenever possible. Avoid flashing your Lonely Planet guidebook around,or publicly referring to your language dictionary when traveling abroad. Keep your friends close and your money closer. A lone traveler equals easy pickings for a seasoned criminal. If you are traveling alone,try to hide that fact. Stick with groups whenever possible and keep information sharing with chatty cab drivers and the like to a minimum. Another thing you don't want to advertise:where you keep your money. A fanny pack  may be convenient,but it means \"I'm not from around here!\" If you have a purse,keep it close to your body,preferably under an item of clothing like a jacket or a sweater so that thieves can't steal it. Be sure that your wallet is in a securely fastened pocket. Or go like 007 with a hidden money belt. How cool is that? Be careful,even in your hotel room. Never blindly answer a knock at your door. If the knocker identifies himself as a hotel employee,call the front desk to confirm. Always make sure your hotel door completely closes when entering or exiting. Don't leave your valuables lying around when you leave for the day. That hotel safe is there for a reason! \n Answer: Because it shows that you are not a person around here.",
            "output": [
                "Why shouldn't tourists wear a fanny pack?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e44eb42b35c346e19cd1b3df523199a8",
            "input": "Article: \"Selfie\"   joins ranks of dictionary words. In 2002, an Australian man went to his friend's 21st birthday party. He got drunk, _ on some steps and cut his lip. He took a picture of his injuries and shared it with his friends on an online forum. \"And sorry about the focus,\" he wrote, \"it was a selfie.\" That was the first recorded use of the word \"selfie\", according to linguistic experts at Oxford Dictionaries. On Nov 19, Oxford Dictionaries declared \"selfie\" Word of the Year for 2013, in honor of the term having taken over the world thanks to millions of smart phone self-portraits and the resulting shares on social media. So what does the choice of the word say about our culture? Mary Elizabeth Williams, writing in Salon magazine, says the word reminds us that contemporary culture is defined by our narcissism .Megan Jackson from a local newspaper points out a selfie may only focus on appearance. Selfies invite judgment based on appearance alone. What kind of cultural influence does this have on women? Erin Gloria Ryan on Jezebel says selfies teach young woman to obsess over their appearance and judge themselves on the basis of beauty rather than accomplishments. \"They're a reflection of the warped way we teach girls to see themselves as decorative,\" said Ryan. In Slate magazine, Rachel Simmons has the opposite view. She argues that selfies are an example of young women promoting themselves and taking control of their own self-presentation. Think of each one, she says, as \"a tiny pulse of girl pride --a shout-out to the self\". \n Answer: The Australian man created by chance when he got drunk and shared his photo online.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about the first use of \"selfie\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0244d8b5853140a7ad086be1880892d0",
            "input": "Article: My transportation was unexpectedly smooth and I arrived at the meeting half an hour earlier. I kept my eyes on the restaurant door. Several customers entered, but not my friend. At 6:00 pm, she sent me a text message: \"Urgent work to finish. Will be 20 minutes late.\" I had left my book in the office, so I spent the time thinking of my experiences of being late in China. On my first visit in 1985, punctuality was deeply rooted in the Chinese hearts. There were no traffic jams then. As a teacher in Canada, I always insisted on punctuality. I would open the classroom door to a late student for the first time and the second, but not the third. During the six years I worked for CCTV, I had a Chinese friend whom I often saw at lunch time, or after work. We used to meet at the subway station nearby. He was always late by 10-20 minutes. To my question, \"You were busy?\" he would surprisingly answer, \" No.\" Once I asked him to check the clock in his office, he smiled. In March 2015, I got permanent residence   in China. The ceremony was scheduled for 9:00 am at the Public Security Bureau on the Second Ring Road. I told my driver I had to get there by 8:40 am. \"No problem,\" he replied. But he thought he had time to drop someone off at the airport before picking me up. I desperately waited for him. Then, to rub salt into my wound, he had to stop at the exit of a gas station. Finally, I entered the room at 9:07 am -- the last guest to arrive! \n Answer: The author can do something to deal with unpunctuality.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7a3f266567f14df0a38c52100c376b7a",
            "input": "Article: Advertising is a form of communication that typically attempts to persuade potential  customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular brand of product or service. Many advertisements are designed to produce increased consumption of those products and services through the creation and reinforcement  of \"brand image\" and \"brand loyalty\". For these purposes, advertisements sometimes fixes their persuasive message with fact-based information. Every major medium is used to deliver these messages, including television, radio, cinema, magazines, newspapers, video games, the Internet and billboards. Advertising is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company or other organization.  Organizations that frequently spend large sums of money on advertising that sells what is not, strictly speaking, a product or service include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations, and military recruiters. Non-profit organizations are not typical advertising customers, and may rely on free modes of persuasion, such as public service announcements.  Advertising spending has increased greatly in recent years. In 2006, spending on advertising has been estimated at $155 billion in the United States and $385 billion worldwide , and the latter to be over $500 billion by 2010. While advertising can be seen as necessary for economic growth, it is not without social costs. Unsolicited  commercial email and other forms of spam  have become so widespread as to have become a major trouble to users of these services, as well as being a financial burden on internet service providers. Advertising is increasingly invading public spaces, such as schools, which some critics argue is a form of child exploitation . \n Answer: One World, One Dream",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following slogans is different from the other three according the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-06eeb35f650542adb007a90757ff0550",
            "input": "Article: Few people ever took notice of Mr. Jimmy Tan whenever he entered a room. He was a shy, quiet and simple man who preferred to keep to himself in public. On the other hand, Mr. Thomas Kim, a fellow scientist, was a man everyone would notice on the streets. He wore bright outfits with huge flower prints, spoke with a booming voice, and his laughter could be heard from all corners of a room. In addition to the differences in their characters, Mr. Kim and Mr. Tan were also great _ at work in the Institute of Future Science. On Christmas Eve, everyone left work early to celebrate the special occasion, except for Mr. Tan and Mr. Kim. They were in their laboratory analyzing the results of their latest experiments. Mr. Tan realized that something special was taking place in his experiment --the bacteria he had cultured were growing extremely quickly under high pressure and at a very low temperature. After noting down the findings in his notebook, he left the room to prepare for another round of tests. Shortly after, Mr. Kim entered. \"Hey Jimmy,\" Mr. Kim called out, \"do you have an extra copy of the laboratory booking form?\" There was no reply, so Mr. Kim looked through Mr. Tan's things. He soon found Mr. Tan's notebook and was horrified to see that Mr. Tan had managed to make one of the most important discoveries in modern science. He then looked into the deep-freeze cupboard where a dish containing the bacteria was kept. He put _ into his pocket and returned to his own laboratory. Mr. Tan came back an hour later to find his notebook and the dish missing. He knew that Mr. Kim had taken them and went to Mr. Kim's laboratory to find out. When he opened the door, he found Mr. Kim lying on the floor motionless. His face was pale and his skin had turned black. The deadly bacteria had been handled improperly. He shook his head and left. \n Answer: Mr. Kim was afraid Mr. Tan might succeed ahead of him.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2c57e971a2b34235a59b8df0c89c042c",
            "input": "Article: There is nothing in the US quite like Black Friday. Before midnight on Thursday, in malls across the US, people start queuing up outside the locked entrances of stores, making longer and longer lines, holding coupons  , sipping coffee and hot chocolate, rubbing their hands and stamping   their feet for warmth, excitedly chatting, and waiting for the clerks to open the door when the time arrives. Black Friday, the day after Thanksgiving, which fell on Nov 28,2014, \"has become in recent decades a special American holiday\", said the International Business Times. Indeed, up to 147 million Black Friday shoppers were expected to put up with the dark of night and the elbows of other shoppers so that they could bring home some bargains, according to the US National Retail Federation. But why does the shopping festival have such a name? The name was first used in Philadelphia in the 1970s. The streets and sidewalks of the city became so packed with traffic and crowds on the day after Thanksgiving Day that the local police did not look forward to it. Because of this, they called the day \"Black Friday\", said The Huffington Post. However, others believe that Black Friday takes its name from the fact that because of the increase in sales on the day, shops are able for the first time in the year to move out of the \"red\" - that is, debt - and into the \"black\", or profit. Businesses, of course, try to take advantage of this day. A decade ago, retailers   opened at 5 or 6 am. Now, many of the big stores open at midnight. People really seem to like the whole experience of queuing up before midnight, \"for it isn't just about the bargains\", noted CNN. \"For many shoppers, it's just fun to be part of a large crowd. Those who go to the malls at midnight are driven by the same thing that makes a million people get together in Times Square each New Year's Eve.\" \n Answer: It is an opportunity for Americans to get things they want at a much lower price.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about Black Friday is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-134df1ef3d37468fb52a3f787e67a233",
            "input": "Article: \"The price of books for our students is just getting higher and higher and,combined with the rising cost of tuition,it's killing these students,\"said Peter Jason,a college professor.\"Remember,students are one of the poorest groups of people in America.Almost half of them have at least one part-time job.In fact,one of my students has three jobs.And she still manages to have high scores and go to school full-time.\" Textbook prices are traditionally high.Adding to that problem,many college teachers change textbooks year after year;they either upgrade to a new edition or switch to an entirely different textbook.This further hurts students because if an instructor no longer uses a particular textbook,that book has no resale value. Dr.Jason decided to make lire a little easier and a lot cheaper for his students by writing his own book on public speaking.\"Many books have an increased price because of CD-ROMs,lots of color photographs and pictures.I talked to my students,and many of them,like me,prefer to keep things simple! So,a few years ago,I wrote my own textbook.Compared to most other public speaking books,mine is half the number of pages,and one-third the price.That is,$30 instead of $90.When I wrote a second edition last year,students only had to buy the 35 new pages, For only $7.00,they had almost a new book. Now my loose-leaf textbook enjoys great popularity among the students.Maybe in the future more writers and publishers will try it.\" \n Answer: They are short of money.",
            "output": [
                "What did Dr. Jason say about students at college?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e666cc9dbe314ab381c385f1cda69446",
            "input": "Article: Good Genes Mean Long Life Scientists have discovered that living to the age of 100 may have nothing to do with the lifestyle you lead and everything to do with the type of genes you have. For the lucky carriers of \"Methuselah\" genes, worries over smoking, eating unhealthily and not getting enough exercise may not be as necessary as to those of us without the special gene pattern  . The \"Methuselah\" genes could give extra protection against the diseases of old age such as cancer and heart disease. They could also protect people against the effects of the unhealthy lifestyles that we believe will lead us to an early death, scientists say. However, the genes are very rare. The genes include ADIPOQ, which is found in about 10 percent of young people but in nearly 30 percent of people living past 100. They also include the CETP and the ApoC3 genes, which are found in 10 percent of young people, but in about 20 percent of people over 100 years old. Some of those genes were discovered by a research group at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, led by Professor Nir Barzilai. The team studied the genes of over 500 people over 100 years old, and their children. The studies show that tiny mutations   in the make-up of some genes can greatly increase a person's lifespan  . Barzilai told a Royal Society conference that the discovery of such genes gave scientists clear targets for developing drugs that could prevent age-related diseases, allow people to live longer and stay healthy. David Gems, a researcher at University College London, believes that drugs to slow ageing will become widespread. \"If we know which genes control longevity   then we can ... target them with drugs. That makes it possible to slow down ageing,\" he told The Times. \"Much of the pain and suffering in the world are caused by ageing. If we can find a way to reduce that, then we are obliged   to take it.\" \n Answer: Having the right types of genes.",
            "output": [
                "According to the article, which of the following is the most important if a person is to live to the age of 100?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-132d45f8bd2046a0bac4e577422903cc",
            "input": "Article: Each of us would like to be trusted by parents, because we all want to get freedom. Parents are more likely to give us our freedom if they trust us. If you want your parents to trust you more, you have to show them through your actions.    Let your parents know what's going on at school and with your friends. If you truly can be trusted, then you have nothing to hide, right? Keep your bedroom door open when you are back. Do not be crazy when they see what you are looking at on the Internet. Invite your friends to your house to meet your parents.    When you do something wrong, it can break trust. Broken trust takes a long time to rebuild.    It's not easy dealing with your parents when you've broken their trust. But, it can be done. It's not talking about groveling and sweet-talking them into trust. I'm talking about getting them to respect you again.    I find it easy to make the mistake of no telling my parents things I've done wrong, hoping they won't find out. There are lots of reasons:    I don't want to get into trouble;    I don't want them to be disappointed or get mad at me;    I don't want to lose their trust;    I don't think they will ever find out.    And the list goes on and on. But they find out somehow, and then you're in hot water. Of course, even if Mom and Dad never find out, you still know about.    Most parents will respect you more for coming to them and telling them yourself. Doing so shows honesty, responsibility and maturity . If you can't tell them face to face, you can try writing a note.    Trust can't be built in a day or even a week, but you can gradually do things to help your parents build trust in you. \n Answer: Freedom.",
            "output": [
                "What would children like to get from their parents according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df2ee387c6864a1193eac57dabebfd3d",
            "input": "Article: If you're tired of the Mediterranean and don't want to head to Disney again, perhaps it's time for a summer holiday in space. Russia has declared plans for its first floating hotel, 217 miles above earth, and it is something of an offering with good service. Hosting just seven guests in a four cabins, the accommodation will boast huge windows with views back to earth and tasty microwave meals will be served instead of the ones often used by astronauts. Just getting there will be an adventure in itself--it will take two days aboard a Soyuz rocket--and it won't exactly be a _ holiday: A five-day stay will cost youPS100, 000 toPS500, 000 for your journey. The hotel is due to open by 2016 and, according to those behind it, will be far more comfortable than the International Space Station (ISS) used by astronauts and cosmonauts. In the weightlessness of space, visitors can choose to have beds that are either vertical or horizontal. Tourists, who will be accompanied by experienced crew, will dine on food prepared on Earth and sent up on the rocket, to be reheated in microwave ovens. Many kinds of delicacies will be available. Iced tea, mineral water and fruit juices will be available, but alcohol will be strictly prohibited. Toilets will use flowing air instead of water to move waste through the system. Waste water will be recycled. Sergei Kostenko, chief executive of Orbital Technologies which will construct the hotel, said: \"Our planned module inside will not remind you of the International Space Station. A hotel should be comfortable inside, and it will be possible to look at the Earth. The hotel will be aimed at wealthy individuals and people working for private companies who want to do research in space.\" The hotel can also be used as an emergency bolthole   for astronauts aboard the International Space Station if there is a crisis. \n Answer: Russia declares the design for its first space hotel",
            "output": [
                "Which can be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b85598c8e266435795d85989d76cca86",
            "input": "Article: The right to pursue happiness is issued to us all with our birth, but no one seems quite sure what it is.     A holy man in India may think that happiness is in himself. It is in needing nothing from outside himself. In wanting nothing, he lacks nothing. We westerners, however, are taught that the more we have from outside ourselves, the happier we will be, and then we are made to want. We are even told it is our duty to want. Advertising, one of our major industries, exists not to satisfy these desires but to create them--and to create them faster than any man's money in his pocket can satisfy them. Here, obviously someone is trying to buy the dream of happiness and spending millions upon millions every year in the attempt. Clearly the happiness-market is not running out of customers.     I doubt the holy man's idea of happiness, and I doubt the dreams of the happiness-market, too. Whatever happiness may be, I believe, it is neither in having nothing nor in having more, but in changing--in changing the world and mankind into pure states.      To change is to make efforts to deal with difficulties. As Yeats, a great Irish poet once put it, happiness we get for a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost, a great American poet, was thinking in almost the stone terms when he spoke of \"the pleasure of taking pains.\" It is easy to understand. We even demand difficulty for the fun in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. And a game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are man-made difficulties. When the player ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the roles. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to cast away all the rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. The same is true to happiness. The buyers and sellers at the happiness-market seem to have lost their sense of the pleasure of difficulty. Heaven knows what they are playing, but it seems a dull game. And the Indian holy man seems dull to us, I suppose, because he seems to be refusing to play anything at all. The western weakness may be in the dreams that happiness can be bought while the eastern weakness may be in the idea that there is such a thing as perfect happiness in man himself. Both of them forget a basic fact: no difficulty, no happiness. \n Answer: The great Irish poet Yeats.",
            "output": [
                "Who shares the same idea of happiness with the author.?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-280b66885f5248dc9c96bf13dfcc1bb2",
            "input": "Article: XI'AN---Seven people died in a fire early on Wednesday morning in Xi'an, capital of Shanxi Province. A restaurant with a karaoke hall in the southern suburbs caught fire around 2 a. m. and seven waitresses who were sleeping on the second floor of the restaurant were killed. The restaurant was completely destroyed and the waitresses, the local police said, were killed by _ smoke from burning decorations. MANILA---Four people were killed yesterday in the central Philippine island of Tacloban when a bomb they had dug up exploded, local police were quoted as saying. The four people were digging to set up a septic(poisonous)tank in their house when they dug up the bomb. It went off, killing all four people, local police were quoted by radio station DZBB as saying. The police did not say where the bomb came from. Unexploded bombs from World War II are still discovered around the Philippines once in a while. TEL AVIV---An Israeli couple kissed for 30 hours and 45 minutes which, a spokeswoman said yesterday, was a world record. The couple, both in their twenties, started kissing on Monday at 8:30 p.m. along with 250 other couples in a contest. \"For nearly 31 hours they didn't eat, drink, talk or even go to the bathroom. And the whole time, they were standing up\", said Arielle Goldman, who handled public relations for the event. She said a representative of the Guinness Book of World Records was on hang to witness the event, recorded on video. The previous record was 29 hour and 37 minutes, Goldman said. The winning couple received two round-the-world plane tickets and $ _ . (277 words) \n Answer: The police refused to admit the bomb had anything to do with World War II.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is right?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cd99248ea5ff4ddea2921065a6538f64",
            "input": "Article: The sea is very big. When you look at the map of the world, you will find there is more water than land. The sea covers three quarters of the world. It looks very pretty when the sun is shining on it. It can be very rough when there is a big wind. The sea is also very deep in some places. Some parts of the sea are very shallow. But in some places the depth of the sea is very great. There is one spot, near Japan, where the sea is nearly 11 kilometers deep! The highest mountain in the world is about 9 kilometers high. If that mountain were put into the sea at that place, there would be 2 kilometers of water above it! The sea is salty. Rivers, which flow into the sea, carry salt from the land into the sea. Some parts of the sea are more salty than other parts. There is one sea, called the Dead Sea, which is very salty. It is so salty that swimmers can't sink! Fish can't live in the Dead Sea! The sea can be very cold. Divers, who go deep down in the sea, know this. On the top the water may be warm. When the diver goes downwards, the sea becomes colder and colder. Another thing happens. When the diver goes deeper, the water above presses down on him. It squeezes him. Then the diver has to wear clothes made of metal. But he cannot go very deep. Some people who wanted to go very deep used a very strong diving ship! They went down to a depth of eleven kilometers. \n Answer: When it is a fine day",
            "output": [
                "When does the sea look beautiful?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-901cdc68f45f4dc2ad523e303fe42123",
            "input": "Article: I had never given a thought to working on a newspaper. But when my husband decided to start one in our small rocky mountain town, I went along with the idea. I didn't know how to interview anyone, take interesting photos, or even put a newspaper article together. So I took my camera and just started carrying it with me everywhere.               One Saturday morning, I went on a children's hayride to get some shots of the local kids. I arrived early, so I could talk to the adults in charge, I needed to get some information to go with any picture I took.               After the kids were seated on the hay , I had plenty of pictures of their smiling faces. I just stopped to chat with a lady who had her horse with her. She planned to ride alongside the wagon and keep an eye on things.               While I chatted with her, her horse turned to fully face me and gave me a big horse smile. He opened his mouth wide, showing all of his teeth. We all laughed and I asked the lady to make him do it again so I could take a picture. She said she hadn't made him do it the first time and didn't know how to get him smile again. ks5u               I stepped back, positioned my camera, and said to the horse, \"Smile again for the camera,\" and he did! He looked right at the camera and gave me a huge horse smile. In fact, I got two shots of him and he was willing to keep smiling at the camera.               Later on, we published the pictures of the kids and their hayride in the paper but the picture of the horse got the most attention. I have kept that picture in my photo album to this day. And proudly show it off every chance I get.               After that, I was always ready to go and get the story. I had learned how exciting and rewarding interviews and news photography could be. You may think you know your community pretty well. But wonderful surprises are waiting around you. \n Answer: Her husband decided to work on a newspaper.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer begin to be a reporter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac85faa1d44f48c6b390863e29f33346",
            "input": "Article: Why do we laugh and get amusement from so many different things,from puns   to pratfalls? Why are some things funny to some people and not to others? How is that while a successful joke can cause pleasure,a sick one can cause serious harm? Over the centuries,various scholars have attempted to produce a universally agreed-upon theory of humor.Plato and Aristotle introduced the superiority  theory,the idea that people laugh at the misfortune of others.Their theory seems to explain teasing,but it doesn't work well for knock-knock jokes.Sigmund Freud argued for his relief theory,the concept that humor is a way for people to release psychological tension and reveal their inner fears and desires.His theory works well for dirty jokes,less well for most puns. The majority of humor expels today agree with the incongruity theory,the idea that humor arises when there's a gap between what people expect to happen and what actually happens.Incongruity has a lot going for it -- jokes with unexpected funny lines,for example,fit well.But scientists have found that in comedy,unexpectedness is overvalued. With the goal of developing a new,more satisfactory explanation,I produced \"the gentle violation theory\",the idea that humor arises when something seems wrong or threatening,but is actually OK or safe.A dirty joke,for example,trades on moral or social violations,but it's only going to get a laugh if the person listening is open enough to consider the subject OK to talk about.Similarly,puns can be seen as linguistic violations that still make grammatical sense. And while most humor theories have struggled to account for tickling  ,or just avoided the phenomenon altogether,my theory accounts for even this kind of laughter.Tickling involves violating someone's physical space in a gentle way.People can't tickle themselves -- because it isn't a violation. \n Answer: Critical.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's attitude towards Plato and Aristotle's theory?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-46dacdad7b4e4d46a0b99a0f3a4e6d4e",
            "input": "Article: For years I have been asked by several people how and why I came to translate a novel by Virginia Woolf in 1945. I graduated from the University of Ankara in 1941 and my four teachers, including Orphan Burian, are members of the Translation Bureau who prepared a list of works to be translated into Turkish and set themselves to translating some of these, besides shouldering the heavy work of correcting or editing the translations submitted to the Bureau. Orphan Burian, now mostly known for his translations of Shakespeare, had started to translate To the Lighthouse for the Translation Bureau, but at the same time he wanted to do something from Shakespeare. So he transferred it to me. For me, To the Lighthouse was love at first sight or rather at first reading. To translate a book, I first read it from the beginning to the end. Then I started writing each sentence by hand. When I finished the whole book I read my translation from the beginning to the end, checking it with the original, and making corrections. Then I typed it, and read the typed copy, making changes again. All in all that added up to five readings. I started translating the novel in 1943 and submitted it to the Bureau in 1944. It was published in 1945 under the general title of \"New English Literature\" in the series called \"Translations from World Literature\" known as the \"Classical Series\". So, the first book by Virginia Woolf in Turkish appeared in 1945, and it was To the Lighthouse. This was eighteen years after its publication in England in 1927. To me the book itself was pure poetry; I read it as if in a dream. Not trying to dive very deeply into it, I sort of swam on it or over it. Now, years later, _ . Even after so many years, in each reading I become conscious of new layers of which I haven't been aware before. It keeps pace with my experiences in life as years go by, and each reading is a new reading for me. In 1982 and again in 1989 I revised it for two new editions and I again did it sentence by sentence checking it with the original. In those years I had thought it was necessary to revise my translations every ten years, but now I think I must do it every three or four years. In a country like Turkey, where we work very hard to clear our language from old and new foreign words, we should try to be up to date as to the words we are using, and of the same importance are the studies being made on the methods or techniques of translation, and new approaches in translation. While translating, I usually have both the writer and the reader in mind. The novels she wrote after 1920 were especially new for most of the readers. She usually uses very short sentences, followed by rather long ones. I remember sentences of more than ten lines which weren't easy for me to translate as they were. And in Turkish our having only one word, the word \"O\", for \"he\", \"she\", \"it\" in English, made me repeat the names of the characters more often than Woolf did. And I changed some long indirect sentences in the original into direct sentences in my translation, thinking it would make an easier reading in Turkish. When translating, I make use of all kinds of dictionaries. A difficult English word for me is the word \"vision\". In To the Lighthouse, the artist Lily Briscoe is trying to finish the picture she has been drawing for some time and the novel ends with the following sentences: \"Yes, she thought, laying down her brush extremely tired, I've had my vision.\" And I'm still thinking about how to translate this remark into Turkish. \n Answer: It was really a piece of good luck.",
            "output": [
                "How and why did the writer come to translate To the Lighthouse?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-93cbb6031f4844a3b44362e940406e40",
            "input": "Article: Everyone is familiar with white fat, which serves as an energy warehouse. Many mammals also have brown fat, which has the unique ability to produce heat.  Brown fat is sometimes mistaken for a type of gland  , which it resembles more than white fat. It varies in color1 from dark red to tan. When the animal is exposed to a cold environment, the color1 darkens. In contrast to white fat, brown fat has numerous nerves which provide sympathetic stimulation   to the fat cells. Brown fat is most noticeable in newborn animals, wrapped round the central organs to keep them warm. In human infants it occupies up to 5% of body weight, then declines gradually. Certain quantities of brown fat can be discovered in adult humans, especially when they are exposed to cold temperatures. Most of brown fat in adults is located in the lower neck. Exposure to cold leads to sympathetic stimulation of brown fat cell. As in white fat, sympathetic stimulation promotes hydrolysis   of triglyceride  , with release of fatty acids. In contrast to other cells, including white fat cells, brown fat cells express UCP1, which gives the cell's mitochondria   an ability to produce heat rather than ATP. Within brown fat cells, most fatty acids are immediately combined with oxygen in mitochondria and a large amount of heat is produced. There is only about 50g of brown fat in the neck region and it switches on and off throughout the day as it's exposed to different temperatures or if you exercise or eat. But this capacity is much greater in young children compared with adolescents and adults. The challenge is now to use the knowledge to find out what might switch on brown fat. If it is switched on, we can benefit from it. Brown fat produces lots of heat by burning calories. Unlike white fat, brown fat does not expand our ageing waistlines. And that's why the race is on to find out more about brown fat, and how humans could use it to our advantage, though we would waste energy unnecessarily, and we would sweat a lot and forever be opening windows. \n Answer: ATP.",
            "output": [
                "Which is the unique factor of brown fat producing heat?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5bea802156dd45758a2f2e0845eb3039",
            "input": "Article: Teenagers will be told to \"stand up for their elders\" on public transport -- or risk losing their right to free travel. London Mayor Boris Johnson will declare plans today to make youngsters sign a \"courtesy pledge\"    to promise to behave in a respectful manner when travelling in the capital. The three-point pledge states that they will give up their seats to the elderly, pregnant and disabled; keep from using offensive or threatening language; and be courteous and polite to fellow passengers and staff. Those who refuse, or are caught behaving in a _ manner, will have their free travel passes removed. The plan -- a key part of Mr. Johnson's re-election bid-- will initially affect the 400,000 ll-to-15-year-olds in London who qualify for free travel cards, but Tory sources believe the idea could be used across the country. A Conservative insider said: \"The plan corresponds perfectly with the push to create a Big Society. It is about changing culture and expectations around behavior to improve the atmosphere on buses and trains for everyone.\" Speaking before today's launch, Mr. Johnson said he was determined to deal with the anti-social behavior of a \"minority of youngsters\" on public transport. \"When I was a boy, I was taught to stand up for those less able to, \"he said. \"Youngsters enjoy the privilege of free travel, which is paid for by Londoners, but they have to understand that with that privilege comes responsibility. Anyone who abuses this privilege will have it taken away, and will have to earn that right bach .\" Teenagers found guilty of a serious violation of the new behavior rules will lose their travel passes, and will have to carry out unpaid community work to earn them back. Mr. Johnson is also introducing a \"two strikes and you're out\" policy to deal with repeat offenders, under which those committing a second serious violation of the rules will lose their travel rights permanently. \n Answer: Teenagers shouldn't talk with strangers in public.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the content of the \"courtesy pledge\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a99e45ba343d43b7895e7ec3f8cdf23f",
            "input": "Article: One day I was driving home with a woman. She rolled down the window, fifty feet away from the driveway and spit her gum  out of the window. \"Couldn't you just wait five seconds and put your gum where it belongs?\" I asked, annoyed. She was not the only one who was gum-lazy. Consider the following. Every time I brush chewed gum under my desk, I shake with fright. At Folsom Middle School, whenever I had to walk by the gum wall next to the girls' locker room, I felt totally disgusted. When I was young, I walked outside during my dance show in my ballet shoes, always stepping right on a big and juicy piece of bubble gum. I was extremely upset. The worst part of all these incidents is that a trash can is located near. But some people are too lazy to walk towards it. If you can't be a responsible gum chewer, don't chew at all. That's all I'm going to say. Take Singapore as a good example. The chewing gum ban in Singapore was placed. It bans the import and sale of chewing gum in Singapore, whether for the purpose of trade or personal chewing. However, the ban has been partly lifted with some types of gum, such as medical gum, allowable. This comes with the warning that it is sold only by a druggist, who has to take down the names of buyers. Obviously, the Singapore government gets angry at gum stuck in keyholes of mailboxes and on elevator buttons. Not only is it annoying, but chewing gum can actually do harm to the health. Most gum contains aspartame  , a chemical sweetener that the US government is now deciding whether or not it is a deadly chemical. If it is, it may cause cancer. Other studies suggest that aspartame may cause neurological disorders. Therefore, aspartame is not allowed to use in the US. So just say no to chewing gum. \n Answer: It was unacceptable.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author think of the woman's behavior?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cc605cdeb84f41fc97adc08f55e7bf02",
            "input": "Article: The koala  is possibly one of the best known Australian animals, and is found in four states: Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. The word \"koala\" comes from an Australian aboriginal word meaning \"no drink\". Sometimes people call them \"koala bears\" but koala is not a bear. It belongs to a special group of Australian mammals, called marsupial . Female marsupials have a _ where the baby animals live after they are born. Koalas have soft, thick, grey or brown fur on their backs. The fur on the stomach is white. Koala that live in the south have thicker fur than those in the north because of the cold winters, whereas the koalas in the northern part of the country live in warm to hot weather most of the year so have thinner fur. A koala has a large hairless nose and round ears. Koalas don't have tails. Adult koalas measure between 7 and 14 kilograms. Koalas spend nearly all their time in the trees using their sharp, curved claws and long toes to climb about and to hold on to the tree branches. They sleep most of the day, and feed and move from tree to tree mainly at night. The reason koala sleep for much of the day is because their food eucalyptus  leaves are very tough so they use a lot of energy to digest. Sleeping saves energy. Eucalyptus leaves are poisonous to almost every other animal. Koalas rarely drink water; they get water from the leaves they eat. Each koala has a home range made up of several trees that they visit regularly. They normally do not visit another koala's home trees except that a male is looking for a female to mate with. \n Answer: The word \"koala\" is an original English word",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true about the name \"koala bear\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a973288e6264b3da5d0a53eb2b6d915",
            "input": "Article: Why do people buy art? To answer this question, ask yourself what your reasons are for thinking of getting a piece of art. An artwork can cost a large amount of money, but if it meets your needs, it's worth every penny. People buy art for many reasons. Many people buy an artwork simply because they like it, even if it is by an unknown artist. Art, as long as you enjoy it, is never a waste of money. Art is for enjoyment. Art is meant to be shown. Don't ever feel pressured into buying something you won't enjoy looking at day after day, no matter what other people may say. Don't buy something that doesn't attract you just because it is trendy, or because the artist is famous, or because you have been advised that the artwork will make a good investment. If you don't like the artwork at all, don't buy it! Art improves your environment. Have you ever noticed that all beautiful homes have art as an integral  part of the decoration? Art lends life and color to otherwise plain and ordinary walls. A well thought--out art collection will help create a unique atmosphere in your home and make it more attractive. Art makes a statement. The kind of art you surround yourself with says much about your personality tastes and values. _ . Art enriches your life. Love--even the love of a work of art--contributes to healthier living and a longer lifespan  . Art should enrich your life. Otherwise, why do you spend precious time and resources on it? Just remember to select something which will appeal to your tastes, and keep to a sensible budget. Good art needn't cost an arm and a leg. Happy art collecting! \n Answer: To explain the benefit of art to people.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-52e06f727b9e4d1c9382322d2fe2ad94",
            "input": "Article: If you could have one superpower, what would it be? Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds, see through walls, or have superhuman strength may sound silly, but it actually gets to the heart of _ . Every day in our work, we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world. They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make a difference in the lives of others. We're not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor. Your lives are busy enough doing homework, playing sports, making friends, seeking after your dreams. But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself. Find an issue you are interested in and learn more. Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money to a cause. Whatever you do, don't be a bystander. Get involved. You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when you're older. But why not start now? Our own experience working together on health, development, and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives. It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead. \n Answer: There are many powerful people in their life and work.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author say they are inspired every day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18d1e608c84a4014872dea936539ee14",
            "input": "Article: Treasure Island isn't a true story,  _  armed to the teeth and ready to go treasure hunting. But you will find, as you read this book, that although pirates can be murderous and treacherous ,they can also be cowardly, superstitious, and easily led. As it turns out, that is fortunate for Jim Hawkins.     It's a brilliant story. Billy Bones, a retired seaman, comes to live at the Admiral Benbow inn. Jim is just a boy, but he can see that Billy Bones is a nervous man, always on the look-out for strangers arriving at the inn. And well he might be nervous, because he carries with him in his battered old sea-chest a map drawn by Captain Flint himself giving the whereabouts of all Flint's buried treasure! Captain Flint! -the most feared pirate ever to travel the high seas.     Well,Flint is dead, but there are plenty of men who served with Captain Flint still alive who will feel they have a fair claim to the treasure. The map, though, ends up in the possession of Jim Hawkins---(it's a near thing, read the book to see how that happens)     Jim tells the secret in the local doctor, who quickly joins forces to acquire a ship and crew to sail for Treasure Island     There's a famous scene where Jim, hiding in the apple barrel on deck, discovers that mutiny is planned. It's a bad moment. The numbers suggest that the pirates are going to have it all their own way. There are nineteen mutineers and seven honest men, including Jim.     And now, you will have to read the book for yourself. This is a fantastic tale of cheat, bravery and cowardice. I don't know how things would have turned out if it hadn't been for Jim Hawkins. For it is Jim who single-handedly steals the Hispaniola from under the very noses of the pirates and sails her round the island to a secret beaching place.     And do you know what happens to Long John Silver, the greatest double-crosser of them all? No? Well, don't expect me to tell you. Don't be nervous of reading a 'classic'. I know it was published a long time ago, but that doesn't mean it is difficult to read. There is one piece of advice I will give, though. I don't think this book is ever out of print---there are hundreds of different copies around. If you can, choose a copy with large enough print to be able to read comfortably, and exciting illustrations. It makes all the difference.     Go ahead! Read the book. I think you'll love it. \n Answer: brave",
            "output": [
                "According to this passage, which word can best describe Jim Hawkins?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-97ac752b122d4fdd84f6202b4441f021",
            "input": "Article: \"Let's go Dutch, shall we?\" Jim said after a dinner to his friends in a restaurant. What does Jim mean? Long ago, there was a kind of dinner called Dutch treat  . At a Dutch treat, the invited guests were expected to pay for their own share of the food and drink. Now, Dutch treat means when friends go out to have fun, each person pays his or her own share. There are many other expressions related with \"Dutch\" in American English. However, most of them were first used in England in the 17th century. At that time, the British and the Dutch were war enemies. So when British people talked about something wrong or bad, they would like to use the word \"Dutch\". A common expression heard a few years ago was in Dutch. A friend may tell you, \"You are in Dutch. The teacher is angry with you. Be careful!\" When a soldier took Dutch leave, he left the army without permission. Dutch courage was the false courage produced by the effects of drinking wine. There is one expression that did come from the Dutch. That is to talk like a Dutch uncle. The Dutch were known for the strict and serious way they educated their children. \n Answer: Each person should pay his or her own bill",
            "output": [
                "What did people mean by saying \"Let's go Dutch\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72a9e2472fd043a49c646e2f869de2fe",
            "input": "Article: This afternoon, I spoke with Governor Daniel Malloy and FBI Director Mueller. I offered Governor Malloy my condolences  on behalf of the nation, and made it clear he will have every single resource that he needs to investigate this horrible crime, care for the victims and their families. The majority of those who died today were children--beautiful little kids between the ages of 5 and 10 years old. They had their entire lives ahead of them--birthdays, graduations, weddings, kids of their own. Among the fallen were also teachers--men and women who devoted their lives to helping our children fulfill their dreams. So our hearts are broken today--for the parents and grandparents, sisters and brothers of these little children, and for the families of the adults who were lost. Our hearts are broken for the parents of the survivors as well, for as blessed as they are to have their children home tonight, they know that their children's innocence has been torn away from them too early, and there are no words that will ease their pain. As a country, we have been through this too many times. Whether it's an elementary school in Newtown, or a shopping mall in Oregon, or a temple in Wisconsin, or a movie theater in Aurora, or a street corner in Chicago--these neighborhoods are our neighborhoods, and these children are our children. And we're going to have to come together and take meaningful action to prevent more tragedies like this, regardless of the politics. This evening, Michelle and I will do what I know every parent in America will do, which is hug our children a little tighter and we'll tell them that we love them, and we'll remind each other how deeply we love one another. But there are families in Connecticut who cannot do that tonight. And they need all of us right now. In the hard days to come, that community needs us to be at our best as Americans. And I will do everything in my power to help. Because while nothing can fill the space of a lost child or loved one, all of us can extend a hand to those in need--to remind them that we are there for them, that we are praying for them, that the love they felt for those they lost endures not just in their memories but also in ours. \n Answer: The US president.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the speaker likely to be?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-241ae5ee8ec5426799a26e0c7fa5d70e",
            "input": "Article: One day in l965, when I worked at View Ridge School in Seattle, a fourth-grade teacher approached me. She had a student who finished his work before all the others and needed a challenge. \"Could he help in the library?\" She asked. I said, \"Send him along.\" Soon a slight, sandy-haired boy in jeans and a T-shift appeared. \"Do you have a job for me?\" he asked. I told him about the Dewey Decimal System for shelving books. He picked up the idea immediately. Then I showed him a stack of cards for long-overdue books that I was beginning to think had actually been returned but were misshelved with the wrong cards in them. He said, \"Is it kind of a detective job?\" I answered yes, and he became working. He had found three books with wrong cards by the time his teacher opened the door and announced, \"Time for break!\" He argued for finishing the finding job; She made the case for fresh air. She won. The next morning, he arrived early. \"I want to finish these books,\" he said. At the end of the day, when he asked to be a librarian on a regular basis, it was easy to say yes. He worked untiringly. After a few weeks I found a note on my desk, inviting me to dinner at the boy's home. At the end of a pleasant evening, his mother announced that the family would be moving to neighbouring school district. Her son's first concern, she said, was leaving the View Ridge library. \"Who will find the lost books?\" he asked. When the time came, I said a reluctant good-bye. I missed him, but not for long. A few days later he came back and joyfully announced: \"The librarian over there doesn't let boys work in the library. My mother got me transferred back to View Ridge. My dad will drop me off on his way to work. And if he can't, I'll walk!\" I should have had an inkling  such focused determination would take that young man wherever he wanted to go. What I could not have guessed, however, was that he would become a wizard of the Information Age: Bill Gates, tycoon of Microsoft and America's richest man. \n Answer: A librarian.",
            "output": [
                "What was the author when the story happened?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc567e4e8c4845ffbe6ddd04564ec0a1",
            "input": "Article: * New Zealand dollars($) LANGUAGE * English, Maori and New Zealand Sign Language MONEY * ATMs are widely available, especially in larger cities and towns,credit cards accepted in hotels and restaurants VISAS * Citizens of Australia, the UK and 56 other countries don't need visas for New Zea (length-of-stay vary). MOBILE PHONES * European phones will work on NZ's network, but not most American or Japanese phones. * global roaming or a local SIM card and prepaid account. DRIVING * Drive on the left; the steering wheel is on the right side of the car(...in case you can't find it). When to Go * HIGH SEASON (DEC-FEB) Summer: busy beaches, outdoor explorations, festivals, sporting events. Big-city accommodation prices rise. High season in the ski towns is winter (Jun-Aug). * SHOULDER (ATAR APR) Prime travelling time:fine weather, short queues, kids in school,warm(ish) ocean. Long evenings supping Kiwi wines and craft beers. Spring (Sep-Nov) is shoulder season too. * LOW SEASON (MAY-AUG) Head for the Southern Alps for some brilliant southern hemisphere skiing. No crowds, good accommodation deals and a seat in any restaurant. Warm-weather beach towns might be half asleep.  _  * Auckland International Airport Airbus Express-24-hour Shuttle Bus24-hour door-to-door services Taxiaround$70; 45 minutes to the city * Wellington Airport Bus----Airport Flyer from 6 am to 9.30 pm Shuttle Bus-24-hour door-to-door services Taxi-around$30;20 minutes to the city * Christchurch Airport BusCity Flyer from 7.15 am to 9.15 pm Shuttle Bus24-hour door-to-door services Taxi-around $50;25 minutes to the city Driving Around New Zealand There are extensive bus networks and a couple of handy train lines crisscrossing New Zealand, but for the best scenery, flexibility and pure freedom it's hard to beat piling into a camper van or rent-a-car and hitting the open road. Scanning the map you might think that driving from A to B won't take long, but remember that many of the roads here are two-lane country byways, traversing hilly landscape in curves, crests and convolutions:always allow plenty of time to get wherever you're going. And who's in a hurry anyway? Slow down and see more of the country:explore little end-of-the-line towns, stop for a swiinlsurfi beer, and pack a Swiss Army knife for impromptu picnics at roadside produce stalls. \n Answer: Arriving in NZ.",
            "output": [
                "What is the last part but one mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-927866f6062c47319ed41b3bcdcda568",
            "input": "Article: Darek Fidyka, a 38-year-old Bulgarian, had been paralyzed   from the chest down for four years after a knife attack. Scientists from Britain and Poland took cells from his nose, transplanted   them into his back and re-grew his spinal cord  . Now he can walk and even drive a car. The doctors were delighted but said it was the first step in a long journey. The breakthrough came after 40 years of research by Professor Geoff Raisman, who found that cells had the possibility to repair damage to nasal   nerves, the only part of the nervous system that constantly re-grows. \"The idea was to take something from an area where the nervous system can repair itself and put it into an area that doesn't repair itself,\" Professor Raisman said. Polish doctors injected   the nasal cells into Mr Fidyka's spinal cord above the injury and used some nerves from his ankle to form a bridge across the damaged tissue. The nasal cells appear to have caused the spinal nerves to repair themselves. Professor Raisman achieved this with rats in the late 1990's, but this is his greatest success. \"I think the moment of discovery for me was Christmas in 1997 when I first saw a rat, which couldn't control its hand, put its hand out to me. That was an exciting moment, because I realized then that my belief that the nervous system could be repaired was true.\" Doctors chose the easiest case for their first attempt--it might not work for others. But there is a real sense of hope that an idea once thought impossible has been realized. David Nicholls, who helped provide money for the breakthrough, said information about the breakthrough would be made available to researchers across the globe. \"What you've got to understand is that for three million paralyzed people in the world today, the world looks a totally brighter place than it did yesterday,\" he said. \n Answer: The nervous system in the nose can repair itself.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Professor Geoff Raisman choose cells from the nose?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb3e96f793bd41bcadd3d7f4423e3efc",
            "input": "Article: Midas was a powerful king, both rich and greedy. Once he did a great favor for Bacchus, the god of wine. Bacchus offered Midas his choice of a reward. Midas answered at once. He asked that whatever he touched be turned into gold. Bacchus agreed, though he was sorry that Midas had not made a wiser choice. Midas was eager to put his newly gained power to the test. He pulled a branch from a tree. The branch became gold in his hand. He picked up a stone; it turned to gold. He touched the grass, it, too, turned to gold. Midas was overjoyed. Returning home, he ordered his servants to prepare a magnificent meal. But when he picked up some bread, it turned to gold. He lifted a glass of wine to his lips. But before he could taste it, it turned to gold. Midas wished to free himself of his power. He hated the gift he had so recently hoped for. He raised his arms and begged and prayed for Bacchus to take away his deadly gift. Bacchus showed pity. \"Go,\" he said. \"to the River  Pactolus. There dip yourself in. Wash away your greed and its punishment. \"Midas did so. Hardly had he touched the waters, before the gold-making powers passed into them. The river sands changed into gold. And they remain golden to this day. \n Answer: There is more to life than riches.",
            "output": [
                "What is the moral of this story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e6e88bf78910427a8669eda7a20438f8",
            "input": "Article: The earthquake that shook Japan on March 11, 2011 was the strongest earthquake in that country's recorded history and the fourth strongest recorded on Earth since 1900. It cracked open the ground, knocked people off their feet, and made tall buildings move. Then things got even worse. It created huge waves called a tsunami  . Walls of water as tall as 30 feet flooded into the coast and swept six miles inland, wiping out everything in the way. Many human survivors were separated from their pets. Many animal lovers went out of their way to help pets in need after the tsunami. And some pets helped their owners, too. When Kamata heard the tsunami alert  , he decided to visit his neighbours to warn them of the coming danger. He put his dog, Shane, in the yard so they could leave as soon as he returned. But later, as he headed home, the tsunami flooded into the city, destroying his path. Kamata was forced to run to higher ground, to a school that served as a shelter. He feared he would never see Shane again. Six hours later, Kamata heard that a dog was waiting outside the school. He went to look: It's Shane! The dog swam through the tsunami and found Kamata, even though Shane had never been to the school. After the huge earthquake ended, 83-year-old Tami Akanuma thought that she and her small dog, Babu, were safe. But Babu was anything but calm. She cried and walked worriedly, as if really wanting to go for a walk. That's strange, since Babu didn't like taking walks. But Akanuma took her out. Outside, Babu headed up a hill instead of toward their normal route near the water. When Akanuma slowed down, the little dog pulled her higher. Once they reached the hilltop, Akanuma looked back and was surprised: The path they had taken was flooded and her home had been destroyed by fast-flowing water. Little Babu helped his owner escape in time. \n Answer: He was afraid Shane had been killed by the tsunami.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Kamata think he would never see Shane again?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-70bd72776fc14aaa9c0586285d672356",
            "input": "Article: A growing number of health, hunger, and sustainable  agriculture groups today announced plans for Food Day-a nationwide campaign to change the way Americans eat and think about food.Food Day will encourage people around the country to sponsor or participate in activities that encourage Americans to \"eat real\" and support healthy, affordable food grown in a sustainable, humane way. Organizers hope Food Day will inspire Americans to hold thousands of events in schools, college campuses, houses of worship and even in private homes aimed at fixing America's food system.A Food Day event could be as small as a parent organizing a vegetable identification contest at a kindergarten class-or as massive as a rally in a city park, with entertainment and healthy food.Health departments, city councils and other policy makers could use Food Day to launch campaigns, hold hearings, or otherwise address communities food problems. The campaign will advocate progress toward five central goals: *Reducing diet-related disease by promoting healthy foods.The American diet is too low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and too high in fatty meat, soft drinks and salty packaged and restaurant foods-contributing to hundreds of thousands of premature deaths each year. *Supporting sustainable farms and stopping subsidies to agribusiness.Billions of federal dollars a year would be better spent helping environmentally conscious family farmers than hugeagribusiness operations. *Expanding access to food and alleviating hunger.Far too many Americans don't know where their next meal is coming from, or have access to fresh produce in their neighborhood. *Reforming factory farms to protect animals and the environment.Farming of animals can and should be done without cruelty, and without degrading the quality of life. *Curbing junk-food marketing to kids.Food companies should not be targeting children with foods that promote tooth decay, obesity and other health problems. \n Answer: Food Day Campaign",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a50a0f33c00443b49a9e3b472e50c18a",
            "input": "Article: Imagine you are doing this reading in this text on the computer; what else are you doing? Maybe you're eating a sandwich or drinking a cup of Starbucks. Should you eat while reading? There aren't many believable numbers, but we do know the number of people who eat while sitting in front of some type of screen is growing. A recent study found that 33 percent of families always have the TV on during meal times and another 27 percent people have it on at least half the time. Another 10 percent may be texting, emailing or talking on a cell phone while eating. Any type of these behaviors is bad, considering the following evidence: A Canadian study found that children who watch more than three hours of cartoons a day are 50 percent more likely to be fat than children who watch fewer than two hours. The researchers concluded that more than 60 percent of overweight incidents can be connected with screen watching too much. A three-week study found that adults who usually play with smartphones less burned 119 more calories per day. One Chicago researcher found that people eat more potato chips while reading online than when they have the laptop turned off. There has been very little investigation  into eating with your eyes staring at a screen or reading a book, but it is likely that his mindless eating is related to weight gain. Simply speaking, your brain has no idea what is going on with your mouth because it is occupied by other things. You don't notice how full your stomach is, and you often don't even notice the taste or the act of chewing and swallowing, as a result of which, developing an adapted dietary habit is a must. \n Answer: Being focused while eating is a good way to have a good figure.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statement is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f2bebd8827b5459c830fe080af445117",
            "input": "Article: Blogs are being used more and more by teachers. Many Internet services now offer free and easy ways to create personal Web pages. Through comments on blogs, or Web logs, teachers can share their classroom experiences. They can exchange ideas and discuss successes and failures. They can debate educational policies. Or they can just sympathize with each other. A teacher in the American state of North Carolina recently wrote on her blog: \"Apparently the teachers at my school use too much paper. So my principal yelled at everyone at the last staff meeting for, like, ten minutes. Now, I've just been told, we are not getting anymore paper for the rest of the year.\" This unidentified blogger is now in her third year of teaching, but still calls her sitefirstyearteacher.blogspot.com. A blogger who calls himself Minister Lawrence works as a substitute teacher. In April he wrote about a disputed plan to split the Omaha, Nebraska, public schools into separate systems for black, Latino and white students. Supporters say minority parents do not have enough power over their children's education. But Minister Lawrence wrote at teachersparadise.blogspot.com: \"I'm afraid that what this says' to a lot of people is that blacks, whites and Hispanics are not equal, and \"reinforces\" racist beliefs among people.\" Educators did not become involved with blogging right away. Many were concerned with privacy issues and security. But now, thousands of teacher blogs can be found on the Internet. Many teachers do not identify themselves, and they change the names of students and co-workers. \n Answer: They send money to the poor students.",
            "output": [
                "What are teachers not doing through blogs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f66a1f2c9082487385f0b37305687a7c",
            "input": "Article: Young children are trusting of commercial advertisements in the media, and advertisers have sometimes been accused of taking advantage of this trusting outlook The Independent Television Commission,regulator of television advertising, has criticized advertisers for \"misleadingness\",in an effort to control advertisers,use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action ,performance, or construction of a toy. Fantasy is one of the common techniques in advertising that could mislead young audience.In children's advertising, advertisers are more likely to include fantasy than advertisements aimed at adults.In a content analysis of Canadian television, the author Stephen Kline observed that nearly all commercials for character toys featured fantasy play.Children have strong imaginations and the use of fantasy brings their ideas to life, but children may not be adept enough to realize that what they are viewing is unreal Fantasy situations are frequently used to attract children's attention, particularly in food advertising.Advertisements for breakfast have been found to be especially fond of fantasy \" techniques.Generally, there is uncertainty as to whether very young children can distinguish between fantasy and reality in advertising. The use of pop stars such as singers and movie stars is common in advertising.The intention is for the positive qualities of the popular to be transferred to the advertised product and for the two to become linked in audience's mind.In children's advertising ,the pop stars are often vivid figures from popular cartoons.In recent years- the role of pop stars in advertising to children has often been combined with the concept of host selling.Host selling involves advertisements with regular programming in a way that makes it difficult to distinguish one from the other.Host selling occurs ,for example, when a children's show about a cartoon lion contains an advertisement in which the same lion promotes a breakfast.The psychologist Dale Kunkel shows that the practice of host selling has reduced children's ability to distinguish between advertising and the program material.Meanwhile,he also shows some other tricky advertisements. \n Answer: Children are likely to mistake it for reality.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the fantasy technique from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a28afe35525c4de692061fd68393208e",
            "input": "Article: A young woman went to her mother and told her how hard life was. She was tired of struggling and fighting and wanted to give up. So, her mother took her to the kitchen. She filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire. Soon the pots came to boil. In the first she placed carrots, in the second she placed eggs, and in the last she placed coffee beans. She let them sit and boil, without saying a word. In about twenty minutes she turned off the burners. She fished the carrots out, pulled the eggs out and then poured the coffee into three different bowls. Turning to her daughter, she asked, \"Tell me what you see.\" \"Carrots, eggs, and coffee,\" she replied. Her mother brought her closer and asked her to feel the carrots. She noted that they were soft. The mother then asked the daughter to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the hard boiled egg. Finally, the daughter was asked to drink the coffee. She smiled as she tasted its rich fragrance. The daughter then asked, \"What does it mean, mother?\" Her mother explained that each of these objects had faced the same disaster but reacted differently. The carrot went in strong, and hard. However, after being subject to the boiling water, it softened and became weak. The egg had been fragile, but after sitting through the boiling water, its inside became hardened. The coffee beans were unique, however; after they had been in the boiling water, they had changed the water.                \"Which are you?\" she asked her daughter. \"When misfortune or change knocks on your door, how do you respond? Are you a carrot, an egg or a coffee bean?\" \"Are you the carrot that seems strong, but with change and difficulty will you wilt   and become soft and lose your strength? Are you the egg that starts with a malleable  , heart, but changes with the heat? When faced with a death, a break-up, a financial hardship or other trial, do you become hardened and stiff? The coffee bean actually changes the hot water, the very circumstance that brings the pain. When the water gets hot, it releases the fragrance and flavour.\"               \"If you are like the bean, when things are at their worst, you get better and provide strength and happiness for those around you. When the hour is the darkest and trials are their greatest, can you improve yourself to another level?\" \n Answer: She would like to resign herself to life.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the young woman turn to her mother?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4132b42571f4c47b5ea36d42150b716",
            "input": "Article: Claude and Louris are \"giraffes\". So are police officers Hankins and Pearson. These men and women don't look like giraffes; they look like you and me. Then, why do people call them \"giraffes\"? A giraffe, they say, is an animal that sticks its neck out, can see places far away and has a large heart. It lives a quiet life and moves about in an easy and beautiful way. In the same way, a \"giraffe\" can be a person who likes to \"stick his or her neck out\" for other people, always watches for future happenings, has a warm heart for people around, and at the same time lives a quiet and beautiful life himself or herself. \"The Giraffe Project\" is a 10-year-old group which finds and honors \"giraffes\" in the US and in the world. The group wants to teach people to do something to build a better world. The group members believe that a person shouldn't draw his or her head back; instead, they tell people to \"stick their neck out\" and help others. Claude and Louris, Hankins and Pearson are only a few of the nearly 1,000 \"giraffes\" that the group found and honored. Claude and Louris were getting old and they left their work with some money that they saved for future use. One day, however, they saw a homeless man looking for a place to keep warm and they decided that they should \"stick their neck out\" and give him some help. Today, they lived in Friends' House, where they invite twelve homeless people to stay every night. Police officers Hankins and Pearson work in a large city. They see crimes every day and their work is sometimes dangerous. They work hard for their money. However, these two men put their savings together and even borrowed money to start an educational center to teach young people in a poor part of the city. Hankins and Pearson are certainly \"giraffes\". \n Answer: A \"giraffe\" is someone who can stick his neck out and see the future.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true? EUR"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6ccf5150cf744bc2b866c37c7fe6ee94",
            "input": "Article: First,I want to tell you how proud we are.Getting into Columbia is a real testament of what a great wellrounded student you are.Your academic,artistic,and social skills have truly blossomed  in the last few years.You should be as proud of yourself as we are. College will be the most important years in your life.It is in college that you will truly discover what learning is about.You often question\"what good is this course\".I encourage you to be inquisitive,but I also want to tell you:\"Education is what you have left after all that is taught is forgotten.\"What I mean by that is the material taught isn't as important as you gaining the ability to learn a new subject,and the ability to analyze a new problem.That is really what learning in college is about-this will be the period where you go from teachertaught to masterinspired,after which you must become selflearner. Do not fall into the trap of dogma .There is no single simple answer to any question.Remember during your high school debate class,I always asked you to take on the side that you don't believe in?I did that for a reason-things rarely\"black and white\",and there are always many ways to look at a problem.You will become a better problem solver if you recognized that.This is called\"critical thinking\",and it is the most important thinking skill you need for your life.This also means you need to become tolerant and supportive of others.I will always remember when I went to my Ph.D.advisor and proposed a new thesis topic,he said\"I don't agree with you,but I'll support you.\" Follow your passion in college.Take courses you think you will enjoy.Don't be trapped in what others think or say.Steve Jobs says when you are in college,your passion will create many dots,and later in your life you will connect them.Enjoy picking your dots,and be assured one day you will find your calling,and connect a beautiful curve through the dots. Most importantly,make friends and be happy.College friends are often the best in life,because during college you are closer to them physically than to your family.Also,going through independence and adulthood is a natural bonding experience. Bonne chance,my angel and princess.May Columbia become the happiest four years in your life. \n Answer: It's a parent's letter intended for a college student.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7866b73779bf497fba3139b08a66e04f",
            "input": "Article: Rules of safety are made to keep people from getting hurt. It is important for everyone to learn how to live safely while at home, work, or play. You should always remember this. Put safety first. Safety can be practiced at home by following some simple rules. Use ladders instead of stepping up on tables and chairs. Keep stairs well lighted and clear of things for someone to trip over. Fasten down loose rugs. Turn handles of pots inward from the edges of stoves. Keep matches and medicines out of the reach of small children.Keep electric wiring in good repair. Safety at work has been getting attention from groups of people for many years. Safer machines have been built to cut down on accidents.  Red  lights  warn  when equipment is out of order and is not to be used. The proper shoes, gloves, robes, hats, or coats help protect workers on the job. Safety at play is important, too. Children should use swings and slides properly. Common sense by people boating and swimming will also help everyone around stay safe. Good manners and care for others are part of safety. Living safely can be fun for you as well as for those around you, You will be able to help others think before they act. Try to work for safety in everything you do. \n Answer: Light stairs all the time.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is not included in the rules listed in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-97aaad25953b4c7d95a3d1d7f9875e0a",
            "input": "Article: People who are worried about bad breath often reach for a toothbrush or a gun. But in the future, personal breath monitoring may include far more than fresh breath. In face, breath is so rich in chemical compounds that fully understanding it has proved challenging. Each breath contains gases like carbon dioxide, the volatile remains of recent snacks, medicines and even compounds taken in from things like carpeting or various kinds of air pollution. But breath detectors  can sort out these substances with increasing sensitivity .  Scientists are building electronic sniffers that examine the exhaled air for signs of cancer, asthma , and other diseases. \"There are clear signatures in the breath for liver disease, kidney disease and heart disease. Breath is a rich mixture that can reflect out state of health and disease.\" said Dr. Raed Dweik, director of the Cleveland Clinic, adding \"Breath analysis is the future of medical testing.\" He and his partners are testing a desktop system called BreathLink for use in rapid identification of diseases. The system is designed to work wherever there is an Internet connection. To use BreathLink, a person breathes into a long tube, and a breath sample is collected and analyzed within the system. Then it can detail chemical concentrations of the breath in graphics. Dr. Raed Dweik said, \"If you examine patients of asthma, you will find they have higher levels of nitric oxide  in their exhaled air. It reflects their abnormal symptoms in the lungs.\" His tests have reached 85 percent accuracy so far in spotting people with some illness. But some trained dogs, he pointed out, can sniff out cancer with 99 percent accuracy--although without the ability to identify particular compounds the way some detectors can. \"We are getting better and better,\" he said. \"But whether we will ever approach the accuracy of the dog--we don't know.\" \n Answer: To identify substances from people's breath.",
            "output": [
                "What is the breath detector used for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e11560bae9724eb597bc1f4f10f4fbef",
            "input": "Article: \"Ceci, wake up. It's an earthquake!\" That's what Cecilia Wallace heard her mother shouting on the early morning of February 27th. Cecilia is a 7th-grader. She, her parents and her brother, Sam, were in Chile's capital city, Santiago, the day a big earthquake hit Chile. And like just about everyone else, they were shaken out of their sleep. \"It was so frightening,\" Sam wrote. \"The shaking was so huge that I will never go on a ride again.\" Cecilia and Sam wrote about their earthquake experiences. Their reports were later posted on the website. Cecilia, Sam and their parents were staying in an apartment on the 15th floor of a building. They were lucky. Their building stayed standing, because it was built to withstand earthquakes. Not everyone was as lucky as the Wallace family. More than 800 people died. Many older buildings fell down during the earthquake. The damage in Santiago wasn't as bad as in other parts of Chile. So the supermarkets were open for business on the morning of the quake. But it wasn't business as usual. \"The supermarkets have been crazy with people rushing to buy their food for the next while,\" Sam wrote. Not everyone was able to get money to buy food that morning. So Cecilia and Sam made food bags to _ to people who were begging outside the supermarket. \"We gave some to a kid of my age. I made sure he got cookies and bread.\" Sam and Cecilia's mother wrote that the kids also collected money for the Red Cross. It's certainly an experience Cecilia, Sam and their parents will never forget. Thankfully, they lived to tell their stories. \n Answer: Playing with Sam in a park.",
            "output": [
                "What was Cecilia doing when the earthquake happened?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9b2f02789584cf4a3f8da51cd5fbe39",
            "input": "Article: BOGOTA (Reuters) -- Colombian mobile telephone users are being tricked by criminals who pretend to be phone operators and instruct them to turn off their cellphones just long enough to demand a large amount of money from their families. prefix = st1 /Colombia has seen a large number of cases in which mobile phone customers receive messages telling them to turn off their cellphones for two hours because their telephones havebeen cloned, police say. The criminals then contact family members of the phone user to say that he or she has been taken hostage  . Families who have no way of contacting their   are directed where to drop off money before the two hours are up. \"If you get a call telling you to turn off your cellphone, contact the official department.\" Local television channel Caracol told viewers during a Tuesday news program. BERLIN (Reuters) -- A Berlin court has sentenced a man known as \"Schnitzel Stephan\" to 18 months in prison for cheating 64 restaurants in the past year. The man of 160 kg, with a thin grey beard, would regularly order lamb chops, steak or Viennese schnitzel along with several beers. When the bill came, he either ran for the door or told the waiter he had no money. Iris Berger, a spokeswoman for the Berlin Justice Department, said on Thursday the 43-year-old jobless truck driver had been convicted ( ) on 64 counts of fraud ( ). The total damage to restaurants was $4,100. \n Answer: Cellphone users receive messages from criminals.",
            "output": [
                "According to the first piece of news, which of the following happens first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b0761fc4088c495eb1615aede61ace08",
            "input": "Article: From my earlier memory of Mother it somehow seemed quite natural to think of her as different, nor of everyday things as Father was. In those days he was a young-looking man. He did not hesitate to make friends with children as soon as they were able to talk to him and laugh at his stories. Mother was older than he was. She must have been a woman of nearly forty, but she seemed even older. She changed little for a long time, showing no indication of growing old at all until, towards the end of her life, she suddenly became an old lady. I was always _ about Mother's age. She never had birthdays like other people, nor did anyone else in our family. No candles were ever lit or cakes made or presents given in our house. To my friends in the street who talked delightfully about their birthday parties, I would repeat my mother's words that such celebrations were only foolish. \"Nothing but deception,\" she would say. \"As though life can be marked by birthdays. It's deeds, not years, that matter.\" Although I often repeated her words and even prided myself on not having birthdays, I once could not help asking Mother when she was born. \"I was born. I'm alive as you can see, so what more do you want to know?\" she replied, so sharply that I never asked her about her age again. In so many other ways Mother was different. Whereas all the rest of the women I knew in the neighboring hoses took pride in their housewifely abilities, their new furniture, the neat appearance of their homes, Mother regarded all those things as of little importance. Our house always looked as if we had just moved in or were about to move out. \n Answer: He was popular with children.",
            "output": [
                "How did Father impress the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7a3c3ead0ce744358b5aa47dc202f220",
            "input": "Article: One advantage of the Internet is shopping conveniently online for clothes; one disadvantage of the Internet is also shopping conveniently online for clothes. \"Nothing fits,\" said Lam Yuk Wong, a senior in electrical and computer engineering at Rice University. \"Everyone says this. They order clothes and they don't fit. People get very unhappy.\" Wong and her design partner, Xuaner \"Cecilia\" Zhang, are Team White Mirror, creators of what they call a \"virtual  fitting room\". Their goal is simple and consumer-friendly: to let online clothing shoppers have a perfect fit and a perfect look when shopping every time. Both women are from China, Wong from Hong Kong and Zhang from Beijing. They both order most of their clothing online. They got the idea from their own experience as consumers and from listening to the complaints of friends and relatives. \"They say, 'The color is wrong' or 'I got the right size but it still does not fit.' We want to make it like you're in the store trying on the clothes,\" Zhang said. Using a Kinect developed by Microsoft for use with its Xbox 360 video game player, Zhang scans Wong and turns her image into, in effect, a virtual model, keeping Wong's dimensions  , and even her skin and hair color. \"We put the clothes on the shopper's 3-D body models and show how they look when they are dressed,\" Wong said. So far, Wong and Zhang have adapted the software to show dresses and shirts, and they are now working on shorts. Asked if she thought men as well as women might be interested in using their virtual fitting room, Wong said, \"I think their wives will care about this, so it will also be important to men.\" \n Answer: Clothes bought online may not fit.",
            "output": [
                "Why is shopping conveniently online for clothes a disadvantage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72b55c7a9a554f1f92c5694b0f44dbab",
            "input": "Article: Downloading music over the Internet is pretty common among high school and college students. However, when students download and share copyrighted music without permission, they are against the law.   A survey of young people's music ownership has found that teenagers and college students have an average of more than 800 illegally copied songs each on their digital music players.Half of those surveyed share all the music on their hard drive  , enabling others to copy hundreds of songs at any one time. Some students were found to have randomly linked their personal blogs to music sites, so as to allow free trial listening of copyrighted songs for blog visitors, or adopted some of the songs as the background music for their blogs. Such practices may be easy and free, but there are consequences.   Sandra Dowd, a student of Central Michigan University, was fined US$7,500 for downloading 501 files from LimeWire, a peer-to-peer file sharing program. Sandra claimed that she was unaware that her downloads were illegal until she was contacted by authorities. Similarly, Mike Lewinski paid US$4,000 to settle a lawsuit against him for copyright violation  . Mike expressed shock and couldn't believe that this was happening to him. \"I just wanted to save some money and I always thought the threat was just a scare tactic .\" \"You know, everyone does it,\" added Mike.   The RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America), the organization that files lawsuits against illegal downloaders, states that suing   students was by no means their first choice. Unfortunately, without the threat of consequences, students are just not changing their behavior. Education alone is not enough to stop the extraordinary growth of the illegal downloading practice. \n Answer: They don't think that they will be caught.",
            "output": [
                "Why is it common for students to download copyrighted music?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7299b3e1d2404f26a51db13320dbf407",
            "input": "Article: A few months ago, millions of people in London heard alarms all over the town. The Emergency Services, the Fire Departments, the Police, hospitals, and ambulances stood by, ready to go into action. In railway underground stations, people read notices and maps that told them where to go and what to do in the emergency. This was Exercise Flood Call, to prepare people for a flood emergency. London wasn't flooded. In 1928, people living in Westminster, the heart of London, drowned in floods. And in 1953, one hundred people, living on the eastern edge of the London suburbs were killed, again, in the floods. At last, Greater London Council took actions to prevent this disaster from happening again.  Though a flood wall was built in the 1960s, Londoners still must be prepared for the possible disaster. If it happens, 50 underground stations will be under water. Electricity, gas and phone services will be out of action. Roads will be drowned. It will be impossible to cross any of the bridges between north and south London. Imagine: London will look like the famous Italian city, Venice. But this Exercise Flood Call didn't cause panic among Londoners. Most people knew it was just a warning. One lady said, \"It's a flood warning, isn't it. ? The water doesn't look high to me.\" \n Answer: Emergency Exercise in London",
            "output": [
                "What topic is treated in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e44e37fb96234f24a8626940b73abc5f",
            "input": "Article: Monty Roberts was the son of a poor family. He liked horses. He had a dream to own a horse ranch   ever since he was a little child. One day when he was at high school, he was asked to write a paper. It was about what he wanted to be and do when he grew up. He worked hard on it, and wrote a seven-page paper. In the paper he described his dream of owning a big horse ranch someday. The next day he handed it in to his teacher. Two days later he received his paper back. On the front page was a large red F(fail) with a note that read, \"See me after class.\" He went to see the teacher after class and asked, \"Why did I receive an F?\" The teacher answered, \"This is an unrealistic dream for a young boy like you. You come from a poor family. You have no money. Owning a horse ranch needs a lot of money. You have to buy the land.  _ \" Then he added, \"Write this paper again. If you write it with a realistic plan, you may receive a better grade.\" After sitting with it for a week, he turned in the same paper, making no changes at all. He said to the teacher, \"You can keep the F and I'll keep my dream.\" Monty kept his dream and worked very hard. Today he owns a large horse ranch with a big house on it, and he keeps that school paper he wrote on the wall of his sitting room. Last summer the same school teacher came to visit him. When the teacher was leaving, he said, \"Look, Monty, when I was your teacher, I was something of a dream stealer. During those years I stole a lot of children's dreams. It was lucky that you hadn't given up yours.\" Don't let anyone steal your dream. Follow your dream, no matter what. \n Answer: To receive a better grade.",
            "output": [
                "What was Monty Roberts' dream when he was very young?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8aed64f95e0f4dad9296376abf5be3ee",
            "input": "Article: Research shows that much of our predisposition   towards determination, sociability and self - control and sense of purpose is in our genes.In fact, our DNA plays a bigger role in influencing these traits ( characteristics)than our upbringing  and the company we keep.Taken together, these aspects of personality can make the difference between success and failure, say the Edinburgh University researchers. They questioned more than 800 pairs of twins about their attitudes to life to tease apart the influences of nature and nurture.Comparing identical twins, who share all their DNA and their up bringing, with non-identical twins, who have a shared background but are no more genetically alike than other brothers and sisters, is a technique often used by researchers to quantify the influence of genetics. The results, published in the Journal of Personality, showed that genes play a much bigger role than lifestyle, with self-control particularly etched   into our DNA. Our genes a222so largely determine how determined and persistent we are.This is important in terms of success, as someone who refuses to give up is more likely to achieve their dreams than someone who _  Researcher Professor Timothy Bates said, \"Ever since the ancient Greeks, people Lave de hated the nature of a good life and the nature of a virtuous life.Why do some people seem to manage their lives, have good relationships and cooperate to achieve their goals while others do not? Previously,  the role of family and the environment around the home often controlled people' s ideas about what affected psychological well-being.However, this work emphasizes a much more powerful influence from genetics.\" However, those who haven' t been dealt a helpful hand of genes shouldn' t he too depressed.The professor says a sense of purpose is the key and advises those who are eager for success to focus their thoughts on making a difference. \n Answer: Our DNA plays a decisive role, in achieving success.",
            "output": [
                "What does the result of the research indicate?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76304c40e15643ad99376f8a3cfb31ff",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever stayed up late? If so, you know that not getting enough sleep can leave you tired and grumpy . Not sleeping enough can also make it harder to think clearly the next day. Sleep experts have long known that getting a good night's sleep is important. It helps kids perform their best during the day. A recent study shows that sleep helps improve problem--- solving skills and creative thinking. For the study, two groups of volunteers answered a math problem. The group that slept for eight hours solved the problem correctly more often than the group that did not get enough sleep. While you sleep, your brain is busy doing its \"homework\". It sorts out information from your day. Getting enough sleep each night can _ your brainpower. That will help you do your best in school. Experts say that, in return, can lead to better grades. \n Answer: Math Problems",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cd2c15be4b8047dea042f9de66b959fe",
            "input": "Article: Convection vs. Conventional Ovens  If you are in the market for a new oven and you've already begun shopping for one, you've probably noticed that there are a few different types. Two of the most popular oven types are conventional and convection. The difference in these two types of ovens is the way in which the heat in the oven is spread during the cooking process.  Convection ovens  A convection oven uses a fan which is usually located on the back side of the oven. The purpose of the fan is to force the heated air inside of the oven and circulate it around the item being cooked. The heater air is constantly pushed over and around the food, and therefore a convection oven cooks food much faster than a conventional oven.   Not only does a convection oven cook food more quickly than a conventional oven, but it can also thoroughly cook food at lower temperatures. The average amount of time saved when cooking with a convection oven is about 20 percent of the food's normal cooking time. The temperature a convection oven uses to cook food is also about 20 percent lower than a recipe's suggested cooking temperature.   Convection ovens are speedier and more efficient than conventional ovens, and therefore may be more expensive. However, professional chefs from around the world swear by them and rely on them for delicious tasting food. Also, since the air circulation in a convection oven is the same throughout, food will cook at the same rate no matter where it is placed in the oven....on the top or bottom rack or near the front or back.  Conventional Oven Traditionally, most personal residences in the United States come equipped with a modern conventional oven. These are the most common types of household ovens, and are used every day to cook all sorts of meals, desserts, breads, and many other types of food. Conventional ovens are similar to convection ovens in that they both cook food using heat. They both have the ability to use either gas or electricity, depending on the hook-up in a home. Some may use either gas or electricity simply depending on what is plugged in to them, and some are made to be either gas specific or electricity specific.  In a conventional oven, the heat circulation in the oven can become blocked by pots and pans inside of the oven, which will result in uneven cooking. Uneven cooking is especially noticeable when both the bottom and top racks in the oven are being used at the same time. The items on top will cook faster because heat rises to the tops and when there is a lot in the oven, the heat gets trapped there.   There are pros and cons to both conventional and convection ovens. Conventional ovens have been serving people for years and years and food has been cooked successfully in them for many decades. Convection ovens have many followers and fans, but these types of ovens can be hard to get used to...especially for novice cooks. \n Answer: 48 minutes.",
            "output": [
                "If it takes 1 hour to cook a dish using a conventional oven, how much time will one need on average to cook the same dish using a convection oven?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5df3f2b2ba424cf5b7b4ea239002e667",
            "input": "Article: People often view the \"last\" moments of an event positively simply because they signal the end of an experience, say experts. University of Michigan researchers found that even if an experience is painful or negative, but ends on a good note, people will consider it to be positive. \"Endings are powerful,\" said Ed O'Brien, a graduate student in the Department of Psychology at the University of Michigan. O'Brien and colleague Phoebe Ellsworth, the Frank Murphy Distinguished Professor of Law and Psychology, conducted a chocolate tasting experiment with 52 college students to test the theory. Volunteers could taste five different Hershey's Kisses chocolates--milk, dark, cream, caramel and almond - but did not know in advance how many pieces they would eat or the type. Participants rated how much they enjoyed the chocolate and described each flavor so that the researchers could record the order in which the randomly   selected treats were eaten. Volunteers were assigned to the \"next\" or the \"last \" condition by chance. In the \"next\" condition, the experimenter said \"Here is your next chocolate\" before offering each chocolate, including the fifth. For the \"last\" condition, the experimenter said \"Here is your last chocolate\" before offering  the fifth chocolate. These participants rated the fifth chocolate more enjoyable than volunteers in the \"next\" condition. As predicted, participants who knew they were eating the final chocolate of a taste test enjoyed it more. In fact, when asked to pick their favorite chocolate, the majority of \"last\" participants chose the fifth - even though the flavor of the fifth was randomly chosen. They also rated the overall experience as more enjoyable than volunteers who thought they were just eating one more chocolate in a series. O'Brien says these findings may have far-reaching implications. For example, the last book or film in a series or the last speaker in a symposium   may receive _ praise. The last job applicant, meanwhile, may look more qualified. \n Answer: Some participants didn't know it was their last chocolate when offered the fifth one.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about the experiment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2e6cc0432ab3420bbd03519d6c53ac95",
            "input": "Article: Today's parents miss the golden age that their own mothers enjoyed in the 1970s and 1980s, researchers found. Mothers have less time to themselves and feel under greater pressure to  _ work and family life than the previous generation. As a result, 88 per cent said they felt guilty about the lack of time they spent with their children.     The survey of 1,000 mothers also found that more than a third said they had less time to themselves than their mothers did -- just three hours a week or 26 minutes a day And 64 percent said this was because they felt they 'had' to go out to work, while nearly a third (29 per cent) said they were under constant pressure to be the 'perfect mother', the report found. Other findings showed social network and parenting website were important in proving help and support among female communities     Kate Fox, of the Social Issues Research Centre, which conducted the survey for Procter & Gamble, said: \"With increasing pressure on mothers to work a 'double shift' -- to be the perfect mother as well as a wage-earner -- support networks are more important than ever It comes as a separate report examining childcare in the leading industrialized nations found that working mothers in Britain spend just 81 minutes a day caring for their children as a \"primary activity\".     Critics say the pressure on women to work long hours, and leave their children in the hands of nurseries or child minders, is putting the well-being of their children at risk.     The study also reveals that, despite the fact that more and more modern mothers go out to work, the burden of childcare still falls on them -- even if their husband is not in work A father who is not in work tends to spend just 63 minutes a day looking after his child -- 18 minutes less than a mother who goes out to work. Working fathers spare less than three quarters of an hour with their children. \n Answer: To keep the balance of work and family is not an easy thing.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e04cf76f32fb443486f9aa7d8b530916",
            "input": "Article: After commuting, cooking dinner and doing household chores, the average parent has just 30 minutes to devote to their children in the evenings, according to a new study. One in four working parents worry that half an hour simply isn't enough, while almost half fret that they aren't a good enough parent during the week. However, parenting experts believe just 12 minutes a day may be enough for mothers and fathers to fully _ with their child -- as long as they ask the right questions. Child psychologist Dr Claire Halsey said asking a series of open-ended questions can help improve parents' relationship with their children. Among the questions recommended in the research are: \"How many times have you smiled today -- what made you laugh?\"; \"Can you act out what you did at breaktime?\"; \"Who is taller -- mummy or your teacher?\" and \"What are the names of the toys you played with today?\" Parents of older children are advised to start up a conversation with: \"I've got a great story for you but I want one in return... you first!\" or \"Tell me some school gossip ... _ !\" Dr Halsey, working with the makers of Ribena Plus, who commissioned the research, said: \"There is no one as tough on their own parenting skills as a parent -- but this study shows there is no need for parents to be so harsh. It's hard for working parents to juggle all their responsibilities and it can feel like guilt is simply a parent's lot -- but it's absolutely not. By using clever tactics such as a little preparation alongside use of open-ended questions -- such as 'Tell me what the best bit about your day was?' -- parents can reduce the time worrying about chores and work and spend more time learning about their children's day.\" \n Answer: What are the names of the toys you played with today?",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following open-ended questions is for a three-year-old child?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c8cde868a3614eaba63b26535e4aa5ad",
            "input": "Article: Americans think that travel is good for you. Some even think it can help to solve one of the country ' s worst problems ~: crime  . Crime worries a lot of people. Every year, the number of crimes is up and up. And many criminals  are young. They often come from sad homes, with only one parent or no parents at all. There are many young criminals in prison,but prison doesn ' t change them. Six or seven in ten will go back to crime when they come out of prison. One man ,Bob Burton, thought of a new idea. In the old days, young men had to live a difficult life on the road. They learned to be strong and brave, and to help their friends to be strong and brave, and to help their friends in time of danger. This helped them grow into men. So Bob Burton started \"Vision Quest. \" He takes young criminals on a long ,long journey with horses and wagons  , 3,000 miles through seven states. They are on the road for more than a year. The young people in Vision Quest all have bad problems. Most of them have already spent time in prison. This is their last chance. It's hard work on the road. The day starts before the sun comes up. The boys and girls have to feed the horses. Some of them have never loved anyone before  but they love their horses. That love can help them to live a new life. Not all the young people on Vision Quest will leave crime behind them. Three or four in ten will one day be in prison again. Bob Burton is right. Travel can be good for you. Even today, Americans still say, \" Go west, young men. \" \n Answer: Because three or four is better than six or seven.",
            "output": [
                "Why is Bob Burton right?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6da609b93d1043bf8ab7f48a587fcb3f",
            "input": "Article: Of all the famous English writers, probably the best known is William Shakespeare. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564 on April the 23rd. His father was an important man in town so Shakespeare had a good upbringing. Shakespeare probably went to school (although no records survive to prove this) but not university. He got married when he was 18 to Anne Hathaway and the couple had 3 children. Shakespeare wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets (a sonnet is a kind of poem). He began working in his home town of Stratford but by 1592 was writing in London. He became rich enough to buy a house in the capital and one in Stratford.  He wrote sad stories called tragedies, like Romeo and Juliet, funny stories or comedies, romantic stories and stories about historical figures such as Julius Caesar.  Shakespeare died on his birthday in 1616, almost 400 years ago. But why is his work still popular today? His work looked at common human themes, such as betrayal, murder, lust, power, ambition and love. These themes are as much a part of human nature today as they were all those years ago and are the themes we see in modern soap operas and Hollywood films. Even though his theatre, The Globe, burned down in 1613 it was rebuilt in London in 1997 and you can still see his plays performed there today. Shakespeare's influence on the English language can still be felt today. We talk about \"fair play\", meaning honest behaviour but this phrase was first used by Shakespeare. He coined the phrase \"you can have too much of a good thing\". And it was Shakespeare who came up with the expression to disappear \"into thin air\" which we still use today when we lose something. Shakespeare's work has been translated into every major language in the world. And perhaps we'll still be as fascinated by his work 400 years from now as we've been for the last 400. \n Answer: 52.",
            "output": [
                "How old was Shakespeare when he died?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d1276422b604c61af6d0c03f3c0d149",
            "input": "Article: Giant pandas are now extremely rare. Their number is less than 1,000 in the wild. The hunting of pandas has been banned for many years, so this is not the problem. Destruction of its habitat, when areas are cleared for growing crops, is one of the main reasons for panda's decline . Another reason is that the bamboo on which they mainly feed, is dying back. The pandas find it difficult to move to new feeding areas. As the bamboo disappears, the pandas simply starve to death.      Bamboo is a poor source of food, and pandas have to eat up 45kg of it every day, a process that takes them up to 16 hours. The process goes on day and night, with the pandas in a constant cycle of eating for eight hours and sleeping for four. They can eat other foods, but will rather starve than change their diet when bamboo is scarce.    Giant pandas are very good climbers, and use this skill to escape from the enemy. The giant panda lives alone for most of its life, only coming together with another of its species for long enough to mate. A newborn panda baby is born hairless and blind, is about 15cm long and weighs only 100g. The baby will stay with its mother for about 18 months, until it is able to set up its own territory       Chinese and American scientists are studying giant pandas and their habits in order to put in place a major conservation programme. Zoos around the world are taking part in panda breeding programmes. There is still hope that with human's help, the giant panda can survive in the wild. \n Answer: Nearly 2 tons",
            "output": [
                "How much bamboo does a panda eat every year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ab843791eb7345c191fd4b0fec4f6f1e",
            "input": "Article: More than a hundred adults and kids gather for the Star Party on a cold evening, chattering excitedly as they stand in the dark on a Virginia hillside. The odd thing is, no one has turned on a flashlight, and no streetlights or house lights wink  on around them. These people have traveled to the countryside more than an hour from Washington, D. C., to get away from the glow of city lights.  That's because they are attending a star party. Star parties are gatherings where professional and amateur astronomers set up their telescopes and invite people to come learn about the night sky. Getting away from light pollution, or artificial skylight from buildings for example,  helps stargazers   see objects in the sky much better. At this star party, Sean O'Brien of the National Air and Space Museum's Einstein Planetarium starts off by asking the crowd to simply look up and take in all they can see. He points out plenty of things that can be seen without special equipment. Stars, satellites, and even the Andromeda galaxy  can be found if you know where to look. After that, several dozen astronomers offer close-up views. Each has focused their telescope on a different part of the sky. As kids take a look, the owner gives a mini-lesson. O'Brien says you can have your own star party at home and learn a lot just by paying attention to what's happening up above. \"Watch the sky as the seasons pass, and you will see that it changes,\" he says. \"Or start with the moon. Notice when and where you are seeing it--maybe even in the early morning while you wait for the school bus. \" \n Answer: It was carried out without any lights.",
            "output": [
                "What was it special about the Star Party ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-68b57cdb79a042b88fcde7967b033a58",
            "input": "Article: George Washington Carver showed that plant life was more than just food for animals and humans. Carver's first step was to analyze plant parts to find out what they were made of. He then combined these simpler isolated substances with other substances to create new products. The branch of chemistry that studies and finds ways to use raw materials from farm products to make industrial products is called chemurgy. Carver was one of the first and greatest chemurgists of all time. Today the science of chemurgy is better known as the science of synthetics . Each day people depend on and use synthetics made from raw materials. All his life Carver battled against the disposal of waste materials, and warned of the growing need to develop substitutes  for the natural substances being used up by humans. Carver never cared about getting credit for the new products he created. He never tried to patent  his discoveries or get wealthy from them. He turned down many offers to leave Tuskegee Institute to become a scientist in private industry. Thomas Edison, inventor of the electric light, offered him a laboratory in Detroit to carry out food research. When the  United States government made him a collaborator in the Mycology and Plant Disease Survey of the Department of Agriculture, he accepted the position with the understanding that he wouldn't leave Tuskegee. An authority on plant disease--especially of the fungus  variety--Carver sent hundreds of specimens  to the United States Department of Agriculture. At the peak of his career, Carver's fame and influence were known on every continent. \n Answer: It mainly tells us about Gorge Washington Carver, a great chemurgist.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c80c1296fa084d0d98f9bb9ed5a8d396",
            "input": "Article: It was something she had dreamed of since she was five. Finally, after years of training and intensive workouts, Deborah Duffey was going to compete in her first high school basketball game. The goals of becoming an outstanding player and playing college ball were never far from Deborah's mind. The game was against Mills High School. With 1 minute and 42 seconds left in the game, Deborah's team led by one point. A player of Mills had possession of the ball,and Deborah ran to guard against her. As Deborah was running to block the player, her knee went out and she fell down on the court in burning pain. Just like that, Deborah's season was over. After suffering the bad injury, Deborah found that, for the first time in her life, she was in a situation beyond her control. Game after game, she could do nothing but sit on the sidelines watching others play the game that she loved so much. Injuries limited Deborah's time on the court as she hurt her knees three more times in the next five years. She had to spend countless hours in a physical clinic to receive treatment. Her frequent visits there gave her a passion and respect for the profession.  And Deborah began to see a new light in her life. Currently as a senior in college, Deborah focuses on getting a degree in physical treatment. After she graduates, Deborah plans to use her knowledge to educate people how to best take care of their bodies and cope with the feelings of hopelessness that she remembers so well. \n Answer: Disappointed.",
            "output": [
                "How did Deborah feel when she first hurt her knee?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e88b9b7920a4846b7a927669791ad5a",
            "input": "Article: One evening in February 2007 . a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote in Wales . She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path . That's when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train.Her Renault Clio parked across a railway line. Second later,she watched  the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks. Ceely's _ made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device .She had never driven the route before .It was dark and raining heavily . Ceely was relying on her GPS. But it made no mention of the crossing .\"I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train ,\"she told the BBC. W ho is to blame here ? Rick Stevenson ,who tells Ceely's story in his book When Machines Fail US, finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small  problems. And it's not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless key boards. The problem with his argument in the book is that it's  not clear why he only focuses digital technology,while  there may be a number of other possible  causes. A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signaling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the CPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn't say. It's a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an accout of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe it's also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors . The game between humans and their smart devices  is complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be  way a wiser use of technology. If there is such a way, it should involve more than just  an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands  of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long . \n Answer: Her GPS device didn't tell her about the crossing",
            "output": [
                "What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4737c1cc3cbd4cedb731c5c58e690700",
            "input": "Article: Although he will always be remembered for starring \"Superman,\" the greatest role of actor Christopher Reeve's life was as a champion of sufferers of spinal cord   injuries and an supporter of stem cell   research. Unlike the man of steel, he wasn't faster than a speeding bullet, more powerful than an engine and he couldn't leap tall buildings in a single bound. But the courage and determination Reeve showeed in trying to overcome his paralysis   from a 1995 horse-riding accident went beyond any of the achievements of the comic book hero. \"He became a real-life Superman. His heroism, his courage was extraordinary,\" Colin Blakemore, the chief executive of Britain's Medical Research Council said. \"Like many people who suffer some terrible injuries, Christopher Reeve was totally changed by that experience and brought the kind of energy and enthusiasm that made him successful as a film star to an entirely different issue, with huge effect.\" Reeve, 52, died of heart failure on October 10, 2004 after having treatment for an infected pressure wound without realizing his dream of walking again. But in the nine years since his accident, he made personal progress to regain respect and admiration, founded the Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation, a non-profit research organization, and used his fame to raise millions of dollars for research into spinal cord injuries. He also provided hope and inspiration to other patients and made speeches to support scientists to be allowed to conduct stem cell research in the hopes of eventually curing paralysis and other illnesses such as diabetes and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. \"He has been our champion. If you think of spinal injuries, you automatically recall a picture of Christopher Reeve,\" said Paul Smith, executive director of the Spinal Injuries Association in England. It is because of Reeve that spinal cord injuries and stem cell research are so widely discussed, according to Smith. The fact that it happened to Reeve showed it can affect anyone, even Superman. Reeve did not live long enough to see whether stem cell research could help restore movement to the paralyzed. The research is still in its early days and no one knows what advances it may bring. \n Answer: strong-willed and caring",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words can best describe the characteristics of Reeve?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0f5dfb19575748cb8bcc618e85c831f9",
            "input": "Article: A trip across the Pacific will guarantee you a different experience with a tipping  culture you've never come across in China. In the US, giving a little extra money to service workers on top of your bill is a common practice. Though US national law requires that businesses pay workers at least $7.25 (45 yuan) per hour, employees receiving tips--often waiters and waitresses--are the exceptions. They usually only receive at least $2.13 an hour, and tips make up the difference. As theWall Street Journalput it, \"The American system of tipping holds the promise of great rewards for waiting staff.\" So how should you tip if you are in the US. Normally you pay tips as a percentage of the bill. Offering an extra 15 percent of the bill to the waiter or waitress in a restaurant and to the delivery man or woman is customary and expected. You can offer more for great service and less for poor service. Yet there is an exception. For take-out food, you don't have to provide tips, though some people say that filling an order still requires work and time that deserve a little extra--but maybe a little less. Tips are not expected at fast food restaurants, cafes or ice cream shops either, though a tip jar might be right by the cash register  . Don't feel _ to throw some money in, but also remember that it doesn't hurt. Those workers do not rely on tips. Other service workers also receive tips. For taxi drivers, 15 percent is the norm  , more if they help with your bags. Hairdressers often receive about 15 percent of the bill. The same goes for spa therapists  and tour guides. Today, you can even pay tips on a credit card. When receiving a copy of the bill to sign, you are free to fill in how much you'd like to tip. Though thinking about when to tip and how much you should tip causes a big headache for many Chinese people, it's important to bear in mind that as long as you show respect and use your reasoning, things will be just fine. \n Answer: How to giving tips properly in the US.",
            "output": [
                "What is the article mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9b3bca5729c45fe9b3fb20dfa814dfd",
            "input": "Article: \"China now has 350 million smokers, accounting for one-third of the world total. Chinese smokers now become addicted to nicotine at the age of 19, five years earlier than the average starting age of 24 in 1997,\" a report said a couple of years ago. Of the 1.1 billion smokers all over the world. more than 800 million are in developing countries. And as the world's largest developing country, China also has the largest number of smokers. Some frightening facts start to appear when we examine who China's smokers are. Of the 350 million addicts, more than 100 million are under the age of 18, while more than 50 percent of male teachers and doctors are smokers. Such a high rate of addicts among male teachers and doctors will certainly have a bad impact on the young generation. Teachers are usually expected to be role models for students who tend to consider whatever they do is right and follow their example. It is very likely that the number of teenage smokers will increase in the near future unless measures are taken to forbid teachers from smoking in front of their students or designate schools as no-smoking zones. What is truly puzzling is why so many doctors smoke. They are aware of the results of the habit, such as high blood pressure and lung cancer. Their example only helps justify the addiction of so many others. If educated people set an example by stopping smoking at least in public places. it would be much easier to drive home the notion that it is uncivilized to smoke in public places. In China, there should also be a national law to ban smoking in public places. These would make a massive contribution to cutting the number of people in China who are smoking themselves into early grave. \n Answer: Time to Kick the Habit",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-109e78f5682147c887930f44f32bd18e",
            "input": "Article: The British are very polite and have good manners--they are never tired of saying \"Thank you\",\"I am sorry\", or \"Excuse me.\" They have good table manners. They enjoy their breakfasts and most of all the traditional tea around 4 or 5 o'clock. The normal working week has five days. Factory workers usually start at 8 am and offices, shops and schools open at 9 am. Workers have 3 weeks' holidays and professional workers(people with higher education ) have usually longer holidays (a month or more). Except these holidays they have public holidays: e.g. New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Christmas Day and Boxing Day. An average Englishman like to live in his own house. Houses are made of red bricks, stone and wood. The house usually has from 4 to 6 rooms, two floors, small front and back gardens. On the ground floor there is a hall, a kitchen, a living room with a fireplace and on the first floor there are parents' and children's bedrooms and a bathroom. The prices of houses depend on the area--the most expensive are the houses in London and South England (about 200,000 pounds); smaller houses in other areas may cost about 50,000 pounds. Social Welfare--The National Health Service gives largely free treatment for everyone living in Britain. People can choose their family doctors. In case of emergency you can call the ambulance by dialing 999 from everywhere. Health centres are run by local authorities. About 7 percent of hospitals, dentists and family doctors work as private. There are about 130 daily and Sunday newspapers and a lot of weekly papers and magazines. The oldest newspaper is The Times. Other famous newspapers are Daily Mirror, Daily Mail, Financial Times, etc. \n Answer: At 9:30 am .",
            "output": [
                "If you are a student in Britain, when do you begin to go to school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ec394861a80d408783917ecb5b07bf4d",
            "input": "Article: They may have text,email,Facebook and Twitter,but young people are still lonelier than any other age group.The Loneliness in New Zealand Report,published by Statistics New Zealand,shows under 30s are more likely to feel lonely than older people because loneliness decreases with age.Loneliness and poor mental health were strongly related across all ages.Young people were not as likely to feel lonely because of financial hardship,but among older people,lack of money was a significant influence on loneliness.Women were more likely to feel lonely than men. Philip Walker,spokesman for the General Social Survey,said because it was  ly new it was hard to know whether loneliness among young people was a new trend.But overseas research has found that levels of loneliness in youth today are growing. Mr.Walker said the finding needed more exploration,including looking at the role of technology and social media.\"It could be that people's expectations of connection have gone up,so we expect increased levels of connection,\"he said.\"While technology like cell phones could help young people stay connected,on the other hand for those who do get bullied ,especially bullied online,it's quite isolating.A lot of the time potentially it is a big contributor to loneliness.\" Figures from online dating website FindSomeone also confirmed more young people were looking for love.Manager Rick Davies,said younger dating hopefuls were the fastest growing group on the site. Mr.Davies noted that since the report data was collected in 2010there had been huge growth in smart phones,which meant people were online even more.He believed online tools,such as Skype,could help people stay connected.\"People can keep in touch with a wide range of friends from all over the world much more easily now.It's like you're sitting in your living room having a chat with them.\" Bemardine Reid,operations committee chairwoman for Samaritans,which operates a free helpline,said many of their calls came from people who were lonely.\"It might be that they've got some problem,just like all the things people would normally talk to a friend about,but people who are alone lack those normal contacts.\" The Statistics New Zealand report also showed people who didn't have face-to-face contact with family and friends were more likely to feel lonely,as were those who lived alone. \n Answer: High technology may become a reason for loneliness.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may Mr.Walker agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7896e2ca144b4f7387c638d66f9445c1",
            "input": "Article: The Winter Olympic Games are a major international sporting event that occurs once every four years. Unlike the Summer Olympics, the Winter Olympics feature sports practiced on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, was held in Chamonix, France. The Games were held every four years from 1924 until 1936, after which they were interrupted by World War II. The Olympics resumed in 1948 and was again held every four years. Until 1992, the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same year. The Winter Games have evolved since its beginning. Sports and disciplines have been added and some of them, such as short track speed skating, freestyle skiing, have earned a permanent spot on the Olympic program. Others have been discontinued and later reintroduced. Still others, such as speed skiing, bandy and skijoring, were demonstration sports but never incorporated as Olympic sports. The rise of television as a global medium for communication _ the impression of the Games. It created an income stream, via the sale of broadcast rights and advertising.This allowed outside interests, such as television companies and corporate sponsors. Beijing has become the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympic Games after beating Kazakhstan's Almaty to hold the 2022 Winter Olympics. With a fully-prepared final presentation by an all-star team, Beijing has successfully convinced the committee members that the 2008 Olympics host city is a more favored candidate for the Winter Games. Beijing was the safe choice because it had already proved it could stage the Games and said it would take winter sports into the backyard of the world's most populated country. \n Answer: Because of countries' lack of interest",
            "output": [
                "Why were the Winter Olympic Games not held for 12 years ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c2ed351b62e647cfb833e263c6a31560",
            "input": "Article: On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table. \"Hey, aren't you from Mississippi?\" the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. \"I'm from Mississippi too.\" Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair. \"They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,\" Welty said. \"I didn't know what my New York friends were thinking.\" Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty's new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi. \"My friends said: 'Now we believe your stories,'\" Welty added. \"And I said: 'Now you know. These are the people that make me write _ .'\" Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation. \"I don't make them up,\" she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. \"I don't have to.\" Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty's people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment  of a particularly interesting story. \n Answer: Two strangers joined her.",
            "output": [
                "What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a470ea1e9ade4a04a13b9a08fbc4a0a6",
            "input": "Article: Living in South Africa, I had always taken the wildlife pretty much for granted. Not to say that we were surrounded by it, but the accessibility of game parks and wildlife sanctuaries(,) always made it seem like a natural part of the environment. For this reason, I suppose that the way my European friends used to talk to me, wasn't so strange after all. They would ask me what I thought at the time were really silly questions which got on my nerves. They'd say things like 'Do you have a pet baboon?' or 'Do you travel to school by elephant?'. When Amanda, a friend of mine who was visiting from England, invited me to join her and a group of friends on a wildlife expedition, I was not filled with enthusiasm. However, from the moment we entered the gates of the Zaluzi game reserve, I knew that this was not going to be anything like I had expected. We had been traveling along the National Road when, suddenly, we turned onto a dirt track which seemed to be hidden in the middle of nowhere. Amazingly, the scenery changed dramatically. The civilized environment took on a wild, chaotic(;) aspect and continued to do so as we walked deeper into the bush. After having a good night's sleep at one of the reserve's bungalows, we were woken at the crack of dawn. After a quick breakfast we piled into a jeep and set off. Our guide assured us that the early start was necessary in order to have the best chance of seeing what was really worthwhile. Armed with just a thermos of coffee, we set out towards the shore of a small lake where it was expected that we could see that animals that used it as their morning watering hole. On the way to our destination, we topped a hill and there, against the emerging morning light, were a group of animals. _ was a stunning sight. As we moved closer, the animals did not appear to be alarmed by our presence. Pet baboons aside, I had never before come within such close range of a pride of lions. It did cross my mind, however, that we might be in a certain amount of danger. When I asked Timothy, our game ranger, if we were actually in any danger, he replied straightforwardly that one is never entirely safe in the bush, but his knowledge and experience allowed him to anticipate any danger with reasonable accuracy. However, the following day there was some cause for alarm. Not having started out so early, we missed the sightings of the day before. We decided to drive around for a while, hoping to come across something of interest. Suddenly our tracker perched up on the back of our vehicle, signaled to the driver to halt and at the same moment I realized that this time we had stumbled right into a pride of lions. The driver promptly turned off the engine and in a low voice warned us to remain seated and not to make any abrupt movements. The lions were picking at what looked like the remains of a zebra. Timothy, later told us how much to our advantage this was. Had their bellies not been full, their reaction to us would surely have been otherwise. As the nearest lion was less than three meters away from the jeep, _ . All in all, it was a wonderful trip. Our near miss with the lions was without a doubt the highlight, but what it taught me yet again was how easy it is to be indifferent to our surroundings and not to have a full appreciation of the beauty around us. \n Answer: annoyed",
            "output": [
                "How did the writer feel about the questions her European friends asked?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-09524e1ac79c45669f2ff68c9990ab66",
            "input": "Article: Puerto Rico may be part of the USA but its music and dance is a mixture of both Spanish and African rhythms. The country, as a result, is a mixture of very new and very old. It exhibits the open American way of yet _ the more formal Spanish influences. This is reflected in the architecture, not just the contrast between the colonial and the modern in urban areas but also in the countryside, where older buildings sit side by side with concrete schools and buildings. However, if you do not wander beyond the tourist areas on the coast, you will not experience the real Puerto Rico. Old volcanic mountains, long inactive, occupy a large part of the interior , with the highest peak, Cerro de Punta, at 1,338m in the Cordillera Central. North of the Cordillera is the karst  country where the limestone has been acted upon by water to produce a series of small steep hills and deep holes. The mountains are surrounded by a coastal plain with the Atlantic shore beaches cooled all the year round by trade winds. The population is 3.8 million, of which about 1.5 million live in _ although about another two million Puerto Ricans live in the USA Average life expectancy is 73.8 years and GDP per capita is US $12,212, the highest in Latin America, although not up to the level of mainland USA. Most Puerto Ricans do not speak English and less than 30% speak it fluently. Second generation Puerto Ricans who were born in New York but who have returned to the island, are called _ . The people are very friendly and hospitable but there is crime, liked to drugs and unemployment. \n Answer: Social problem connected with drugs and lack of jobs.",
            "output": [
                "What are the disadvantages of Puerto Rico?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-20c76ad3f41d4b93a1cd5aeaf334431e",
            "input": "Article: It is common and usual to see people _ when they face challenges in their life. We all pass in different life problems and challenges. No one is free of life problems. Only a dead man faces no problem. As long as you are alive, challenges are everywhere. How do you face problems and challenges in your life? Problems and challenges are the building blocks of your personality. They make you who you are. Besides, whether what happened in your life builds or destructs you depends on how you look at it. If you take your problems as troubles, they will be troubles and may cause destruction. If you take them as constructive tools, you are going to be built up on them. Problems are everywhere. No one can avoid them. And they are good too. They open up a different look and opportunity if you are willing to see. When you face troubles, do not frustrate or freak out. Just cool yourself to think in a different direction. Think in a positive way. Every problem has its own good as well as bad sides. Focus on the good one. Look at the bright side. Besides, there is always a good person, perhaps your mom or dad, or one of your friends, right beside you who can turn everything into your best if you are willing to turn to them. No matter what happens, they will be there to help you. Trust them and they will never let you down. All you need to know is that you are loved wherever you are. \n Answer: To encourage.",
            "output": [
                "What's the writer's purpose to write the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ecb8527c6ba44dc7bd7b0f6400618e73",
            "input": "Article: Though my career as a banker was financially rewarding, I was never content with the work. I was annoyed by my workmates' coldness and endless counting. Gradually, I began to envy my wife Julie's teaching career, which was full of passion and challenges. However, I admitted that leaving a secure(, ) position and going to school needed courage. One winter evening I heard Julie complaining about a student's bad academic performance. She said, \"Baxter used to do his homework very well, but it has dropped recently.\" The next evening when I arrived home, Julie asked, \"Will you drive me to Baxter's house? I want to talk with his family about his homework.\" After an hour, a hut  stood before us. Baxter was busy gathering firewood in the front yard. Seeing us, Baxter was surprised, but greeted us happily. Julie asked, \"Where are your parents?\" Baxter said they were not in. We found that it was dark in the hut. On our way home, Julie cried, \"His work was good in the early autumn when the days were longer. But now, in the dark, he can't do his homework.\" Then she decided to help him so that he could focus on his studies. I was moved by her kindness and I wanted to help poor students. At the end of the month, I said goodbye to the bank. Now I am teaching the students and I love my job. \n Answer: Kind and helpful.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following might be the most proper description  about Julie?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a744767291154a7885d23ea622fc26fc",
            "input": "Article: People who smoke could lose around one third of their everyday memory, researchers say. A study by a team at the University of Northumbria has shown that smokers lose more of their memory when compared to non-smokers. And the research also found that those who _ saw their ability to recollect information restored to almost the same level as non-smokers. The study involved more than seventy 18-to 25-year-old volunteers and included a tour of the university's campus. Those who took part were asked to recall(;)small details, such as music acts listed to play at the students' union and tasks completed at various points---known as a real-world memory test. Smokers performed badly, remembering just 59 percent of tasks. But those who had given up smoking remembered 74 percent and those who had never smoked recalled 81 percent of tasks. Dr. Tom Heffernan, who leads Northumbria University's Collaboration for Drug and Alcohol Research Group, said the findings would be useful in anti-smoking campaigns. He said, \"Given that there are up to 10 million smokers in the UK and as many as 45 million in America, it's important to understand the effects that smoking has on everyday cognitive function.\" This is the first time that a study has set out to examine whether giving up smoking has an effect on memory. We already know that giving up smoking has huge health benefits to the body, but this study also shows how stopping smoking can bring a series of benefits to cognitive function. The research will now investigate the effects of second-hand smoking on memory, while Dr. Heffernan will look into third-hand smoking, such as toxins   left on curtains and furniture. \n Answer: Anti-Smoking Campaigns Are Active Around the World",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b6f02e680987429cad53335830ac2040",
            "input": "Article: FORBES CHINA's annual celebrity list is based on income and appearances in magazines, newspapers, TV shows and online. Stars from the mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong are included. And here are some of the winners: Jay Chou Taiwan singer, actor and director unveiled his 12th studio album, Opus 12, last December (Another \"12''). New flick in the works: The Rooftop, being filmed in Taiwan and the mainland, which he stars in and also directs. 3. Andy Lau Now in his 50s, the evergreen Hong Kong star of song and film stayed popular last year with the movie Blind Detective. Lau's sixth film with Hong Kong actress Sammi Cheng is in the works. Jackie Chan Hong Kong movie industry icon last year released what may be his last action film CZ12, or Chinese Zodiac, which he wrote and directed. 5. Zhang Ziyi Popular actress had hit romantic comedy last year with My Lucky Star, which she also produced. Appears in this year's star-laden The Grandmaster kung fu movie, directed by Hong Kong's Wong Kar-Wai and also starring Tony Leung. 7. Yang Mi Actress was named most popular female singer in mainland China last year in a joint CCTV-MTV event. Last year's flicks included Love in the Buff, Beijing Love Story and Wu Dang. Has endorsement deals with Pepsi and cosmetics brand Wetcode. 8. Huang Xiaoming Actor turned up in several successful films last year, including Love in the Buff, An Inaccurate Memoir and White-Haired Witch. Promotes Baleno, Tissot, Olay. 10. Lin Chi-ling Taiwan TV hostess, model and actress. Most recent success: romantic comedy Say Yes, which took in more than $30 million in China. \n Answer: Wong Kar-Wai",
            "output": [
                "Who is the director of the Grandmaster ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72cc06a700fc4224bcea514123ffae5e",
            "input": "Article: I never knew how amazing it would feel to help a family 4,560 miles away from my home. I never knew how great an effect I could have on that single family. From the moment I walked into French class, I knew almost instantly that I belonged there. My teacher, Madame Weiser, is a kind and caring woman, and is the person who started the interest within me to help a family abroad, no matter how many miles apart. Back in 2011, my teacher traveled as a tourist to Maxi, a country settled in West Africa with a large French-speaking population. She didn't expect to adopt an entire family, but fate had other plans. Madame met a nice man named Monsieur Diarra, a driver who had shown her the way through the dry lands of Mali. Mali is now a war-torn country and unsafe for tourists to visit, leaving little work for taxi drivers. Madame Weiser realized how Monsieur Driarra's family struggled on a daily basis, for he had a wife and four children to support as well as their grandmother, so she made a final decision to send the family as much money as she could raise every month. Now, three years later, Madame Weiser has still kept up her fund, collecting money from family and friends as well as students to support _ . It has become more than just my teacher donating to her adopted family abroad. As president of French Club at my high school and a French Honor Society member, I decided that our club should work to raise money for the family in need. By washing cars, we raised over $1,000. From my experience, I've learned that making an effort is worth more than anything. Its effect is priceless! \n Answer: Tourists visiting Mali are few.",
            "output": [
                "Why do taxi drivers have difficulty finding work in Mali?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6b72cf335d434c5e8da5dd139716bcf0",
            "input": "Article: Here are four pieces of news from China Daily: SHANGHAI---The Huachen Group, which has put 83 million yuan in the development of the commerce market since its official registration late last year, recently held a meeting in Shanghai to show the use of its newly opened tourism business payment network. The network aims to serve tourists from all over the world, but especially from Europe and the United States where credit cards are popularly used. After opening the www.ehinaeonet.com website, netizens can get information about hotels and tourism services on tourism page. Hotels and services can be reserved and payment made through credit cards. The network opened in February in Beijing. SYDNEY---The Sydney Olympic flame will travel underwater on Australia's Great Barrier Reef during the torch relay following a successful test. Scuba diver Wendy Craig, a marine biologist, will carry the torch on three-to-four-minute underwater journey at Agincourt Reef on June 27, creating Olympic history, organizers said yesterday. Burning at 2,000 degrees, the torch is expected to remain alight three meters underwater because of a special kind of technology which creates a \"fierce flame\"--- too powerful to be drowned out by water. Charles Tegner, managing director of torch creator, said the flame would burn like a flame from oxygen-producing chemicals. BEIJING---The election of a new leader in Taiwan cannot change the fact that Taiwan is part of China. \"Taiwan Independence\" in whatever form will never be allowed, according to a statesman of China's central government. \"We should listen to what the new leader in Taiwan says and watch what he does. We will observe where he will lead Cross-Straits relations. We are willing to exchange views on Cross-Straits relations and peaceful reunification  with all parties, organizations and people in Taiwan who favor the one-China principle,\" says the statesman, from Taiwan Affairs Office of the CPC Central Committee. HAIKOU---Customs officers in Haikou, capital of South China's Hainan Province, recently stopped a boat loaded with 781 cases of foreign-brand cigarettes being smuggling into China. The cigarettes are estimated to be worth more than 1.8 million yuan, said a customs officer. They discovered the smuggling boat as they were going around the northern sea area of Yangpu Port. The smuggled cigarettes cases, packed into two containers, were _ to avoid being examined. The boat was registered in the coastal city Xiamen in East China's Fujian Province. All eight suspects aboard the boat were kept by the police in Haikou. \n Answer: Because the payments of hotels and services are usually made through credit cards in these places.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the network aim to serve tourists especially from Europe and the USA?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b22f16e372b943868df2fac1a951aff4",
            "input": "Article: Inside the pleasingly fragrant cafe, So All May Eat(SAME) in downtown Denver ,the spirit ofgenerosityis instantly noticeable :donation box stands in place of a cash register. Customers here pay only what they can afford, no questions asked.A risky business plan, perhaps, but SAME Cafe has done one unchangeable thing in the Mile High City for six years: Open only at midday, the restaurant allows poor local customers who cannot pay to work as volunteers instead. They can act as waiters and waitresses, and dishwashers, or look after the buildings and equipment for the cafe. It's based on trust, and it's working all right\", says co-owner Brad Birky, who started the cafe in 2006.  Previously volunteering at soup kitchens, the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served there. \"We wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where everyone felt comfortable, regardless of their circumstances,\" Birky says. SAME's special lunch menu changes daily and most food materials are natural and grown by local farmers. The cafe now averages 65 to 70 customers (and eight volunteers) a day. And the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading. In early 2007,one volunteer who had cleared snow for his meals during t he long winter said goodbye to the Birkys, He said he was going to New Orleans to help with the hurricane clearing up,\" says Birky. \n Answer: They offered low quality food.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the soup kitchens the Birkys previously worked for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-223b1684c5d14876a4c7e447307e4068",
            "input": "Article: Jeffery Deaver looks more like a brainy villain   in a James Bond movie than a \"00\" agent in Her Majesty's secret service.Best known for his thrillers starring criminalist   Lincoln Rhyme, Jeffery Deaver has a new mission: Bring Bond into the 21st century in a new 007 novel. The yet-to-be-named book is cryptically   referred to as \"Project X\" by Ian Fleming Publications Ltd., which owns the rights to Fleming's work.Most of the details surrounding Project X, to be published in May, are being kept under wraps, but under gentle coaxing   Deaver begins to spill his guts.\"The novel,\" he says, \"is set in the present day, in 2011.Bond is a young agent for the British secret service.He's 29 or 30 years old, and he's an Afghan war vet.\" That in itself is big news.After all, if Bond were aging in real time -- he first appeared on the screen in 1953 -- the now doddering   007 would be nearly 90. But first up: a new stand-alone Deaver novel, Edge (Simon & Schuster, $26.99), to be published Tuesday.It's about a federal agent who risks his life to protect a Washington police detective from a man hired to extract information from him using any means at his disposal  . Sipping coffee while seated on a leather chair in a sitting room decorated with portraits of his dogs and show ribbons, the mild-mannered author who writes about murderers and serial killers talks about his career and the solid fan base that has allowed him to pursue writing full time since 1990.\"I may not sell as many books as John Grisham(although he has sold a cool 20 million), but I have a very loyal fan base,\" says Deaver, 60, who wrote some of his novels while working as a Wall Street lawyer.Deaver's initiation into the Bond family -- more than 100 million 007 novels have sold worldwide -- could significantly raise his profile  . Other novelists have written Bond novels since Ian Fleming's death in 1964 -- including Kingsley Amis, John Gardner and, most recently, Sebastian Faulks -- but they all took place in the original era.Deaver is taking a new approach.\"There's no more Cold War to fight,\" says Deaver, so his new Bond, of the Fleming estate, will fight \"post-9/11 evil.\" \"I want to stay true to the original James Bond, who many people don't know much about,\" he says, referring to the secret agent Fleming portrayed in 14 novels, and not the movie Bond.\"People know Daniel Craig, they know Pierce Brosnan, they know Roger Moore and Sean Connery, all of whom brought a great deal to the stories of 007.But the original Bond was a very dark, edgy   character.\" \n Answer: Jeffery Deaver is a \"00\" agent in Her Majesty's secret service in a James Bond movie.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true about Jeffery Deaver?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a8f615a1fa6c48dfb812eee4e8698518",
            "input": "Article: Pollution is anything that harms or disturbs the natural environment. Just as chemicals in a river or litter in the park are pollution, so unwanted noise can pollute too. Some people cause noise pollution by playing their radios too loud, but the main problems in many areas are aircraft and traffic noise. In science, a noise is a mixture of vibrations without any smooth, regular pattern, for example, the sound of an electric drill or a radio tuning from one station to another. Noise can be reduced by soundproofing. You have probably noticed the difference between the sound in a empty room and a furnished one. Some materials are very effective at  _ sounds. They are often made up of fibres or foam, because these trap layers or bubbles of air. Sounds do not travel well through air. Most of the curtains, carpets and upholstery in your home are good sound absorbers and will stop sound travelling through windows, walls and floors. A lot of noise pollution can be avoided if a machine is designed properly. Modern cars contain different materials to reduce the amount of noise coming from the engine and other moving parts, as well as noise produced by the car as it moves through the air. Have a look around next time you are in a car. What soundproofing can you see? By replacing metal parts in cars and other machines with parts made of plastics and foams, there is now far less noise than there used to be. \n Answer: Using electric drills.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what will most probably cause noises?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-048cd4b8a4444febb81f0c002e7a71d3",
            "input": "Article: Each year, about 10,000 to 100,000 animal species die off. They join the countless species that have gone extinct   over the course of Earth's history - and extinction means forever. At least it used to. Scientists are now closing in on the ability to bring back extinct species. No, this doesn't mean the plot of Jurassic Park is going to become a reality. Researchers need DNA to bring back a species. DNA is the chemical that carries the structure for a living thing. Dinosaurs have been gone too long for any of their DNA to remain in fossils. But there's a very real chance that we will be able to bring back more recently extinct species. This could even include Ice Age animals like the woolly mammoth. In 2003, a team of Spanish and French scientists re-created the Pyrenean ibex, which had gone extinct three years earlier. The new animal didn't survive long, but scientific advances should improve the success rate. In January, Australian scientists announced that they were on their way to bringing back the gastric brooding frog. That we can bring species back doesn't mean that we should. There may be benefits to reviving a species. But there's no way to know how it will turn out. For example, would a passenger pigeon fit into its old habitat? Or might it crowd out existing species? Environmentalists worry that our ability to bring species back might cut down support for the hard work of traditional conservation. Why worry about preserving a wildlife habitat or fighting poachers if we know we can just make up for our mistakes? But those extinctions are our mistakes to correct, which may give us an obligation   to do so. As businessman and environmentalist Stewart Brand recently said, \"Humans have made a huge hole in nature. We have the ability now to repair some of that damage.\" We would do well to remember the lesson of Jurassic Park: Proceed with caution. \n Answer: Because it is impossible to find DNA of dinosaurs in fossils.",
            "output": [
                "Why is the plot of Jurassic Park not going to become a reality?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e6fcd60df5142f6a4b83f32605a777e",
            "input": "Article: No budget for your vacation? Try home exchanges ---- swapping houses with strangers. Agree to use each other's cars, and you can save dollars on car rentals  , too. Home exchanges are not new. At least one group, Intervac, has been facilitating such an arrangement since 1953. But trading online is gaining popularity these days, with several sites in operation, including Home Exchanges. Founded in 1992, with some 28,000 listings, this company bills itself as the world's largest home exchange club, reporting that membership has increased 30% this year. The annual fee is usually less than US$100. Members can access thousands of listings for apartments, villas, suburban homes and farms around the world. Initial contact is made via e-mail, with subsequent communication usually by phone. Before a match is made, potential swappers tend to discuss a lot. However, the concept may sound risky to some people. What about theft? Damage? These are reasonable causes for concern, but equally unlikely. As one swapper puts it, \"Nobody is going to fly across the ocean or drive 600 miles to come steal your TV. Besides, at the same time they're staying in your home, you are staying in their home.\" Exchange sites recommend that swappers discuss such matters ahead of time. They may fill out an agreement spelling out who shoulders which responsibilities if a problem arises. It does not matter if the agreement would hold up in court, but it does give the exchangers a little satisfaction. Generally, the biggest complaint among home exchangers has to do with different standards of cleanliness. Swappers are supposed to make sure their home is in order before they depart, but one person's idea of \"clean\" may be more forgiving than another's. Some owners say if they come back to a less-than-sparkling kitchen, it may be inconvenient but would not sour them on future exchanges. \n Answer: Via a face-to-face meeting.",
            "output": [
                "How do home exchangers normally begin their communication?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-27de33ae826948bda8736237a1071e5b",
            "input": "Article: Bright blue Citi Bikes are becoming a fine sight in the New Yorker street. New Yorkers are gradually getting used to more pedaling  passengers on those blue Citi Bikes. But what about local bike shops ? Is City Bike booming at their expense? At Gotham Bikes in Tribeca, a manager who gave his name as \"Ben W.\" said the shop has seen an increase in its overall sales due to the bike-share program. \"It's getting more people on the road, more people learning about the sport and getting involved,\" he said. An employee at Danny's Cycles in Gramercy said Citi Bike is a good option for people in a city famed for its traffic jams and aggressive drivers. \"They can try out a bike without buying one:' James Ryan said. Rentals are not a big part of the business at either Gotham Bikes or Danny's Cycles. But for Frank's Bike Shop, a small business on Grand St., the bike-share program has been bad news. Owner Frank Arroyo said that his rental business has decreased by 90% since Citi Bike was launched last month. Arroyo's main rental customers are European tourists, who have since been drawn away by Citi Bikes. However, Ben said the bike-share is good for bike sales at his shop. \"People have used the bike-share and realized how great it is to bike in the city, then decide that they want something nicer for themselves,\" he noted. Christian Farrell of Waterfront Bicycle Shop, on West St. said at first he was concerned about bike-share, though, he admitted, \"I was happy to see people on bikes.\" Farrell's early concerns were repeated by Andrew Crooks, owner of NYC Velo, at 64 Second Ave. \"It seemed like a great idea, but one that would be difficult to put into use:' Crooks said of Citi Bike. He said he worried about inexperienced riders' lack of awareness of biking rules and strong negative reaction from non-cyclists. However, he said, it's still too early to tell if his business has been impacted   . While it's possible bike-share will cause a drop in business, Crooks agreed that the idea is a positive step forward for New York City. \n Answer: Whether local bike shops will suffer.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's chief concern about the increasing use of Citi Bikes in New York?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1c6d2b82f7da4663b0fdac30a3f58c8a",
            "input": "Article: The earth's best-known encyclopedia  announced today that it would no longer publish print editions. Like so many newspapers and publishing houses, Encyclopedia Britannica is going completely digital.   Jorge Cauz is President of Encyclopedia Britannica.He says the company is now focusing on digital learning. \"We're digital, we're mobile, and we're social,\" said Cauz. \"We're a very different company from 20 or 30 years ago.\" Britannica encyclopedias were first published in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1768. Americans started buying them at the turn of the 20thcentury. In the mid- 1900s, salesmen would go door-to-door to sell the books. The company's first digital reference was created in1981. CD-ROMs came out in1989 and Britannica went to the Web in 1994. But Britannica didn't take the electronic world very seriously during the last 20 years. Because people turned to the Internet, the company's sales went down.   What hasn't changed is the way Britannica creates its material. The company has thousands of expert writers and more than 100 editors. Contributors include many scholars, Nobel  _ and world leaders, such as Bill Clinton and Desmond Tutu.   Britannica's website also provides educational tools. At Britannica Online School Edition, teachers share lesson plans. Online versions of the encyclopedia serve more than 100 million people around the world. The company plans to mark the end of print edition by making the contents of its website free for one week. \n Answer: Because the company's sales are lower than expected.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the President of Encyclopedia Britannicadecide not to publish its print editions any more?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-484cdd7d25964e9d8196c3d6dd160417",
            "input": "Article: Take control of your health by learning these four numbers. They'll help with everything from losing weight to protecting your heart. Your daily calorie needs This is not technically a measurement, but it can have a huge influence on your health. Most women need 2,000 calories a day for good health, and men generally need about 2,550. One way to work out your daily calorie needs is to multiply   your weight in pounds by 13 to 15, depending on your activity level. But roughly, that's 300 to 400 calories for breakfast, 500 to 600 for lunch, and 600 to 700 for dinner. Trying to lose weight? Eat about 500 calories less. Your waist size Waist size is one of the best ways to measure whether your weight is affecting your heart health. When body fat is packed into your abdomen  ,your risk of heart attack increases. For women, health risk begins to rise when your waist is more than 35 inches. For men, risk increases with a measurement when your waist is over 40 inches. Your blood pressure Blood pressure rises and falls normally during the day. When it remains high, you have high blood pressure and this carries a higher risk or heart disease and stroke. A reading of 140/90 mm Hg or more is considered high, and if it's between 120/80 and 139/89, you may still be at risk and should be taking steps to prevent the development of high blood pressure. Your morning pulse rate Your pulse rate is the number of times your heart beats in one minute. A normal resting pulse rate is 60 to 90 beats per minute. People who are fit tend to have lower resting pulse rates because their heart muscles are in good shape. But if you don't exercise regularly and your heart rate is lower than the normal range, tell your doctor--it could be a sign of heart disease. \n Answer: Taking in a little fewer calories than the total amount",
            "output": [
                "How can you control daily calories if you decide to lose weight?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0d0983f5c1da46a0a089461d9460c612",
            "input": "Article: The companies below offer student accommodation  all around London, no matter what university you are attending. And they limit the complications   that other rental companies can have (such as paying for heat and hot water, paying your rent yearly and so on). CRM Students has 12 different properties   to choose from in London with various size choices depending on your budget and requirements. Prices start from PS 140 per week. International Students House is unique because they offer twin, triple and quad rooms, which means they are cheaper per week than others. Of course, you will be sharing your bedroom with up to three other people. Prices start from PS 78.4 per week. Prodigy Living has several properties in London (most of which have just been decorated) and offers en-suite   rooms in flats and one-bedroom flats. Prices start from PS 209 per week. Scape Living has properties in Greenwich, Surrey and Shoreditch, with the latter two being new apartments as of 2015, which means they will be in pretty good condition. Prices start from PS 185 per week. Unite Students offers student accommodation in various areas of London, from en-suite rooms to two-bedroom flats, with lots of sharing choices available. Prices start from PS169 per week. These student housing associations are the best I found on the Internet for cheap student accommodation in London; however, I am aware that new ones are appearing every day. For a full list of associations like these (but most are more expensive than those listed above), I recommend checking out UCL's alternative accommodation page. Note: Most rooms require a small deposit  , which is typically the same value as your weekly rental price ( for example, PS 200 per week =PS 200 deposit before you move in). \n Answer: Because they avoid the need for students to pay extra for facilities   in the room.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author recommend the companies above?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e26653146514925a11c021c013b84f2",
            "input": "Article: Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War (1861 - 1865) a government train carrying oxen was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned. The driver returned the next spring to see what had become of his cargo. Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat, and healthy. How had they survived?     The answer lay in a resource that unknowing Americans had trampled   underfoot in their haste to cross the \"Great American Desert\" to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage   was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed. But in the dry grazing lands of the west, that familiar blue joint grass was often killed by drought. To raise cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless.      Who could imagine a fairy-tale grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses did just that. They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern grasses. Variously known as buffalo grass, not only were they immune to drought, but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems. And they did not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground. When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter. Cattle left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year, for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured them much as storing in a barn cured the cultivated grasses. \n Answer: A type of wild vegetation.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f13bba73fae42f38e5d7fd399735c50",
            "input": "Article: Surfing the Internet for fun will make you a better employee, according to an Australian study. The University of Melbourne study shows that people who use the Internet for their own reasons at work are about 9 percent more productive  than those who do not. Study author Brent Coker said, \"Surfing the Internet at times helps increase workers' attention.\" \"People need to relax for a bit to get back their attention,\" Coker said on the university's website. \"Having a short break, such as a quick surfing of the Internet, helps the mind to rest itself, leading to a higher total Internet attention for a day's work, and as a result, increases productivity  ,\" he said. According to the study of 300 workers, 70 percent of people who use the Internet at work surf the Internet for their own reasons during office hours. Among the most popular surfing activities are searching for information about products, reading online news, playing online games and watching videos. \"Firms spend a lot of money on software to _ their workers from watching videos, using social networking sites or shopping online,\" said Coker. \"That's not always a good idea.\" However, Coker said the study looked at people who surfed the Internet in moderation , or were on the Internet for less than 20 percent of their total time in the office. \"Those who spend too much time surfing the Internet will have a lower productivity than those without.\" he said. \n Answer: The Internet is becoming more and more important in people's life.",
            "output": [
                "What does the University of Melbourne study mainly show?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa3de8321417444c96f555256ae7bfb7",
            "input": "Article: Get ready to cycle your heart out at these local and overseas destinations perfect for cycling. 1. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. With more bikes than people, the city has a large number of cyclists. Low speed limits in the centre control the impact of cars, while bike racks( ) on public transport make it easy to travel long distances. You can also find rental shops everywhere. 2. Berlin, Germany. With over 1000 km of bike paths, the vast majority of which are protected lanes, it's no wonder Berliners love to get around by bike. For the traveller, the major sights are within easy reach on a bicycle. The \"Call A Bike\" share system allows you to simply lock the bike to any fixed object and call in a code to return it. 3. Paris, France. Home to the Velib' public bike sharing system that has over 20, 000 bikes, and with 500km of bike paths, Paris cyclists can enjoy the city safe from motorists. A Velib' station is almost always within sight, or just around the next corner. 4. Tokyo, Japan. Despite being home to one of the most developed public transportation networks on the planet, Tokyo residents still cycle in large numbers. Though the extent of bike lanes is limited, safe drivers ease the tension between car and cyclist. Unique automatic underground bike parking garages are provided when you need to store your bicycle. 5. Perth, Australia. A large part of Perth's intelligent basic facilities are made up of bike paths, which allow commuters to get into and around their city with ease. There are free bike lockers and racks across the city. For the visitor, numerous scenic routes line the coastline and the local Swan River. \n Answer: Australia.",
            "output": [
                "In which country can you find the \"Call A Bike\" system?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-25af01b2abac4199ab28ef023f3e1463",
            "input": "Article: The word's largest aircraft made its public debut last week at Europe's biggest factory, a purpose built assembly line in Toulouse, souther, n France.The Airbus A380 will have 50 per cent more floor space than American rival Boeing's 747 Jumbo, with room for duty-free shops, restaurants and even a sauna.This new arrival is expected to change the face of air travel. The A380 will enter service in early 2006 with Singapore Airlines. Airbus claims the A380 will burn less fuel, make less noise, create less pollution and cost 17 per cent less per seat than the 747.It will also reduce traffic problems in the skies. The aircraft, which cost between PS140 million(US$250m) and PS157 million (US$280m) each compared with PS84 million (US$150m) for Boeing's new Dreamliner jet, is being built at 16 factories in Germany, France, Spain and the UK. But activists have warned of more noise and pollution from the Superjumbo, while Boeing believes huge aircraft will not be in great demand over the next decade. As a result, it is putting faith in the much smaller 7E7 Dreamliner.But Airbus is pinning its hopes on the \"big is beautiful\" theory, gambling on size being the key factor in the US-European battle for the skies. Airbus said it was in talks with half a dozen global airlines about buying the A380. China Eastern Airlines, already an Airbus customer, is said to be targeted, while executives made it plain that they wanted to fight for the Japanese market, which had traditionally been controlled by Boeing. Over the next 20 years, Airbus hopes to sell 750 of the new planes into a market worth PS185billion (US$330bn).The company already has129 firm orders for the A380, with 52 options. \n Answer: Having more floor space, creating less pollution",
            "output": [
                "According to Airbus, which of the following is not the advantage of A380 compared to Boeing 747?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7d6f512ea97d435db45a3c4946e533c8",
            "input": "Article: Lee Kuan Yew emerged onto the international stage as the founding father of the state of Singapore, then a city of about 1 million. He developed into a world statesman who acted as a kind of conscience to leaders around the globe. Fate initially seemed not to have provided him with a stage on which to achieve more than modest local success. In the first phase of decolonization, Singapore emerged as a part of Malaya. It was cut loose because of tensions between Singapore's largely Chinese population and the Malay majority and, above all, to teach the city a lesson of dependency, _  But great men become such through visions beyond material calculations. Lee challenged conventional wisdom by opting for statehood. The choice reflected a deep faith in the virtues of his people. He asserted that a city located on a sandbar with no economic resource to draw upon, and whose major industry as a colonial naval base had disappeared, could nevertheless thrive and achieve international reputation by building on its principal asset : the intelligence, industry and dedication of its people. A great leader takes his or her society from where it is to where it has never been ---- indeed, where it as yet cannot imagine being. By insisting on quality education, by suppressing corruption and by basing governance on merit. Lee and his colleagues raised the annual per capita income of their population from $500 at the time of independence in 1965 to roughly $55,000 today. In a generation, Singapore became an international financial center., the leading intellectual metropolis of Southeast Asia, the location of the region's major hospitals and a favored site for conferences on international affairs. It did so by adhering to an extraordinary pragmatism: by opening careers to the best talents and encouraging them to adopt the best practices from all over the world.. Superior performance was one component of that achievement. Superior leadership was even more important. As the decades went by, it was moving ---- and inspirational ---- to see Lee., the mayor of a medium-size city, become a mentor of global strategic order. The great tragedy of Lee's life was that his beloved wife was felled by a stroke that left her a prisoner in her body, unable to communicate or receive communication. Through all that time, Lee sat by her bedside in the evening reading to her. He had faith that she understood despite the evidence to the contrary. Perhaps this was Lee Kuan Yew's role in his era. He had the same hope for our world. He fought for its better instincts even when the evidence was ambiguous. But many of us heard him and will never forget him. \n Answer: He determined his people shouldn't be subjected to Malaya anymore.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Lee Kuan Yew choose to lead Singapore to be independent?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e889278710624b36a5fa99b7841163d1",
            "input": "Article: The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually and the first woman to win this prize was Baroness Bertha Felicie Sophie von Suttner in 1905. In fact, her work inspired the creation of the Prize. The first American woman to win this prize was Jane Addams, in 1931. However, Addams is best known as the founder of Hull House. Jane Addams was born in I860, into a wealthy family. She was one of a small number of women in her generation to graduate from college. Her dedication to improving the lives of those around her led her to work for social reform and world peace. In the 1880s Jane Addams travelled to Europe. While she was in London, she visited a \"settlement house\" called Toynbee Hall. Inspired by Toynbee Hall, Addams and her friend, Ellen Gates Starr, opened Hull House in a neighborhood of slums in Chicago in 1899. Hull House provided a day care center for children of working mothers, a community kitchen, and visiting nurses. Addams and her staff gave classes in English literacy, art, and other subjects. Hull House also became a meeting place for clubs and labor unions. Most of the people who worked with Addams in Hull House were well educated, middle-class women. Hull House gave them an opportunity to use their education and it provided a training ground for careers in social work. Before World War I, Addams was probably the most beloved woman in America. In a newspaper poll that asked, \"Who among our contemporaries   are of the most value to the community?\",Jane Addams was rated second, after Thomas Edison. When she opposed America's involvement in World War I, however, newspaper editors called .her a traitor and a fool, but she never changed her mind. Jane Addams was a strong champion of several other causes. Until 1920, American women could not vote. Addams joined in the movement for women's suffrage   and was a vice president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. She was a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and was president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Her reputation was gradually restored during the last years of her life. She died of cancer in 1935. \n Answer: The establishment of the Nobel Peace Prize.",
            "output": [
                "With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cb86e09dec844e3baf1ed0f88ef2c1e5",
            "input": "Article: Seafood buffet  Treat your mother to a buffet lunch featuring an array of seafood at Days Hotel & Suites Beijing. There are oysters and sashimi, as well as an on-site grill of various meat and seafood, plus dumplings. Other selections are savory soup and delicate dessert. Your mother will receive a hand-made festival gift. 11:30 am, MAY 13TH. 6773-1234 Ext 3930. Sunday buffet Cafe 99 at Regent Beijing offers a sumptuous Sunday buffet with caviar and free flow of champagne and wines on Mother's Day, May 13.11:30 am-3 pm. 8522-1789. Shaanxi style Chefs from Shaanxi Province treat customers to authentic local noodles at the Regal Palace Chinese Restaurant, Days & Suites Beijing, including Qishan noodles with spicy and sour pork sauce, oil-sprayed noodles, besides based cakes with pork stuffing, and mutton soup with steamed buns. 8778-9888 Ext 262. Da Zhai Men Traditional Chinese architecture, performances and popular Chinese foods. Daily 11 am- 2 pm, 5 pm-11pm. Guoxing Jiayuan, Shouti Nanlu, Xicheng District. 8835-6687. Da Zhai Men Traditional Chinese architecture, performances and popular Chinese foods. Daily 11 am-2pm, 5pm-11pm. Guoxing Jiayuam, Shouti Nanlu,, Xicheng District. 8835-6687. Mughal's Beijing Restaurant Classic curry dishes and many other famous Pakistani/Xinjiang halal dishes(English menu). Lunch buffet every working day for 38 yuan per person. Live dance performances every day (starting at 7:30 pm). There is a big open-air terrace. Daily 11 am-midnight, Rm 5188, 5th Floor, 3.3 Fashion Plaza, 33 Sanlitun Road, Chaoyang District. 5136-5575. Brunch  Pay tribute to Mom with a brunch fest at the Kerry Center Hotel. Complimentary chocolates, flowers and a glass of champagne add to the festive environment, Starting at 11:30 am, Sunday May 13.6561-8833 Ext 40. \n Answer: Da Zhai Men offers performances and popular Chinese foods 9 hours daily.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d5bdcd8ee49460a90ae8faefbae3521",
            "input": "Article: Duke Ellington is known as one of the most important composers of his time, and his work has been enjoyed for more than 80 years by music lovers all over the world. During his lifetime Ellington turned musical sounds into many compositions, mostly in the style known as jazz. The Early Years Edward Kennedy Ellington was born in 1899 in Washington, D. C. It wasn't until Ellington was a teenager that his interest in music grew. He taught himself to play the piano by listening to local piano players. Sometime around 1916 Ellington began playing the piano at high school parties. Ellington realized that he enjoyed entertaining people with his music. He soon became a very popular musician, playing at parties and other events in the Washington area. Young adults seemed especially delighted by the modern pieces he composed. Success in New York In 1923, when Ellington was almost 24 years old, he joined The Washingtonians, a five-piece group of musicians in Washington, and became the group's leader in early 1924. In 1927 Ellington and his orchestra won an engagement at Harlem's famous Cotton Club. For the next three years, his orchestra played at the Cotton Club nearly every night. The Influence of the Cotton Club     Working at the Cotton Club encouraged Ellington's creativity. Since the shows changed every six months, he was challenged by the need to continually develop new material. He had to compose a wide variety of music to accompany the various acts in the Cotton Club shows and to adapt that music to the strengths and weaknesses of the players in his orchestra. By 1928 the popular nightspot began radio broadcasts. From the broadcasts Ellington and his orchestra gained a national reputation. On the Road As Ellington's popularity increased, he realized that his orchestra could do well on concert tours. They left the Cotton Club in 1931 and toured America and Europe almost continually for the next 43 years. In addition to touring, Ellington made recordings and continued to compose music. Duke Ellington played the piano, composed music, and led his famous orchestra for more than 50 years, until his death in 1974. Music lovers all over the world agree that the large quantity of music he created will be enjoyed for many years to come. \n Answer: Ellington took the responsibility for a band for a long time.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can show us Ellington's leadership ability?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cff3c7ca29b04796bc15e7512f211286",
            "input": "Article: This summer, experience the true meaning of awe . Feel the sudden excitement through your body. And blog it all in real time for your friends back home. On a Discovery Student Adventure you will have the chance to jump the tourist barriers and enter places few travelers go, the true sites where amazing cultures flourish beyond the tourist's stare. Once there, you won't idly observe; you'll launch into the daily life of the locals, trying new customs, sharing laughs, and  _ interesting meals. You'll even have the opportunity to give back, participating in local efforts to replant the rainforest; save the wombat's habitat; or researching the Great Barrier Reef-just to name a few. The crazy thing is that you'll be taking this all in, growing wiser to the world, and learning without even knowing it.Requirements and Expectations for Student Participants How do you recognize a Discovery Student Adventure student? Our participants are: *In 5ththrough 12thGrade *Curious about the world *Open-minded and excited to learn about new places and cultures *Responsible students who maintain a good academic status *Active participants, ready to challenge themselves and experience new adventures. Students should be reasonably fit before travel to take part in some of the more adventurous activities. These vary by itinerary , but may include: *Hiking 3-5 miles a day over uneven terrain(, ) in various weather conditions *Exciting overnight experiences, including camping, sleeping on ships, or even staying in a snow cave in New Zealand.  *Mountain biking. *Rafting *Swimming *Snorkeling To ensure students' health and well-being, we ask each participant to complete a confidential health form. \n Answer: You will feel crazy about the different cultures.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac551e3a10b0464ca590911cc18e3234",
            "input": "Article: Ashlyn Blocker could break her arm and not know it. That's because Ashlyn, 13, can't feel pain. That might sound like a cool superpower. But without pain, everyday activities can be hazardous for Ashlyn. In fact, they could kill her. When Ashlyn was born, no one knew that she couldn't feel pain. But soon there was hints that something was wrong. When Ashlyn's teeth grew in, she almost chewed off part on her tongue. Ashlyn's parents took her to doctor for tests. The doctors discovered that Ashlyn couldn't feel pain, a condition called congenital insensitivity to pain(CIPA). Fewer than 100 people in the United States have it. There is no cure. . \"Sometimes it's frustrating,\" she admits. But Ashlyn doesn't let anything stop her from doing things she wants to do. \"I just have to be careful,\" she says. For years, Ashlyn didn't know anyone else who had CIPA. That made it harder to deal with her condition. \"I felt alone,\" she says. One night she dreamed that there was a camp for kids like her. In 2011, Ashly's mom made the dream come true. She started Camp Painless But Hopeless. The camp is for children who have CIPA. Every November, they and their families spend four days together. The campers get to do daring activities like rock climbing--wearing safety equipment. Someday, Ashlyn wants to be a director at the camp so she can help others who can't feel pain. In fact, Ashlyn is already helping others. Since 2004, she has let scientists study her to learn more about her condition. What they are finding out could one day help people who suffer from the same disease. That makes her feel great. \"I believe there is a reason for everything, \" she says, \"There is a reason for me.\" \n Answer: She was born that way.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about Ashlyn's illness?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fcd4efab84bc4b26a5d0b44126093c6c",
            "input": "Article: Something strange was unbelievable. Take Robert for example. After the terrible car accident, his whole world had been completely dark and quiet for almost ten years. The loss of sight and hearing made him try many times to put end to his life. His family especially his wife did their best to tend and comfort him. By and by he finally regained the courage to live on. On a hot summer afternoon he was taking a walk with a stick near his house when a thunderstorm started suddenly. He stood under a large tree in order not to get himself wet. Unfortunately he was struck down to the ground by a lightning. The witnesses thought him dead but he woke up some 20 minutes later lying face down in muddy water below the tree. He felt that he was trembling badly, but when he opened his eyes ,he didn't dare to believe that he saw a plough(  )lying near the wall. When Mrs Edwards came running up to him, she shouted their neighbours for help. And he saw her and heard her voice for the first time in nearly ten years. The news of Robert's regaining his sight and hearing quickly spread in his area. And many doctors came to prove the truth of the news. Most of them said that he gained sight and hearing again obviously from the knock of lightning; none of them could give convincing reasons, however. The only reasonable explanation given by one doctor was that, since Edwards lost his sight and hearing as a result of sudden shock in a terrible accident, perhaps the only way for them to regain was by another sudden shock. \n Answer: The lightning itself",
            "output": [
                "What did Edwards see first after being struck down by a lightning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b43de48b86ba480ba759f1368dd6f035",
            "input": "Article: Siam Park -- Lagoa, Portugal Slide and Splash is Portugal's largest water park and at 16,000 acres, it is widely considered to be one of the best in Europe. In this beautiful water park you can find attractions for everyone. Whether you love to relax and enjoy, or search for excitement, you can find everything for everyone there. Their best attractions are the Dragon and the Tower of Power. Beach Park -- Aquiraz, Brazil Beach Park in Aquiraz is a place which will make you a child again and again. The Beach Park has a resort, a beach leisure area with hot spring besides the water park itself. The place has over 18 unforgettable attractions, which they separate in 3 different parts: family, moderate and insane attractions. The last one is only for the brave visitors, as you can tell by the name. Aquatica -- Orlando, Florida Aquatica water park is placed directly across from Sea World Orlando and is an excellent way to cool off from the hot sun. The park has a huge variety of attractions. Once you are there, don't miss some of the greatest park attractions: The Dolphin Plunge, The HooRoo Run, The Omaka Rocka. Before you go, you should know that the park do not permit personal cameras while using their water slides or tube attractions. Aquaventure -- Dubai, United Arab Emirates This Dubai water park is a water world oasis at the tip of Palm Island. It is a perfect place to cool off, whatever your age. At this huge 42-acre water park at Atlantis the Palm you can speed down the world's largest water slide tube (30 feet wide), or brave the twists and turns of the world's first double slide within a slide. \n Answer: Beach Park.",
            "output": [
                "Which can satisfy you if you want to take a bath in hot spring?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ea16bbeb2f9d4023961b90cc05eb99bc",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever found yourself in this situation: You hear a song you used to sing when you were a child - a bit of nostalgia  or \"blast from the past,\" as we say. But it is not a distant childhood memory. The words come back to you as clearly as when you sang them all those years ago. Researchers at the University of Edinburgh studied the relationship between music and remembering a foreign language. They found that remembering words in a song was the best way to remember even one of the most difficult languages. Here is what they did. Researchers took 60 adults and randomly divided them into three groups of 20. Then they gave the groups three different types of \"listen-and-repeat\" learning conditions. Researchers had one group simply speak the words. They had the second group speak the words to a rhythm, or beat. And they asked the third group to sing the words. All three groups studied words from the Hungarian language for 15 minutes. Then they took part in a series of language tests to see what they remembered. Why Hungarian, you ask? Researchers said they chose Hungarian because not many people know the language. It does not share any roots with Germanic or Romance languages, such as Italian or Spanish. After the tests were over, the singers came out on top. The people who learned these new Hungarian words by singing them showed a higher overall performance. They did the best in four out of five of the tests. They also performed two times better than those who simply learned the words by speaking them. Dr. Katie Overy says singing could lead to new ways to learn a foreign language. The brain likes to remember things when they are contained in a catchy 3, or memorable 4, tune 5. Dr. Ludke said the findings could help those who struggle to learn foreign languages. On the University of Edinburgh's website Dr. Ludke writes, \"This study provides the first experimental evidence that a listen-and-repeat singing method can support foreign language learning, and opens the door for future research in this area.\" \n Answer: Hungarian",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage which language doesn't share the same root with Germanic or Romance languages?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b71c0298da134a429871fdbcb11848e5",
            "input": "Article: Miami Beach is a top destination for vacationers from around the world --not to mention a location for sea turtles laying eggs. For years, female sea turtles have returned to the beaches where they were born to build nests for their next generation. As Miami Beach continues to develop; wildlife officials and volunteers are making sure the beach remains a welcoming place for these endangered animals.  The sea turtle patrol   starts his day at sunrise. \"The reason we need to get out at first light is to make sure we see the tracks before anybody else gets out here, Bill Ahern says, \"Something that weighs 350 pounds is going to leave evidence.\" Bill Ahern directs the sea turtle program in Miami-Dade county. His team monitors and marks nests left by sea turtles who lay eggs in the sand and then return to the sea. The patrols also work with beach residents to keep track of new nests and possible threats to existing ones. Nearly 65,000 turtles nested on Florida's Atlantic coast last year. A tiny part comes to Miami Beach where they face many risks. Tough laws have been passed to punishpoachers . And bright lights from nearby buildings can confuse newly born turtles, attracting them onto roads instead of into the ocean. \"I recall in the mid-1960s, me and my beach buddies(policemen) would pick up hatchlings from the road and put them back in the water,\" he recalls .To avoid that problem, city officials have imposed limits on coastal lighting.   Although most sea turtles hatch on their own, coming out at night, some have a harder time. In the future, the Sea Turtles Program hopes to do away with the hatchery.  Educating beach-goers is a step in that direction. Each week, people are invited to see a release of newly born turtles recovered from nests. The experience helps sunbathers understand the role of the beach in the turtle's life cycle.   \"Only a part of the newly hatched turtles will escape predators and man-made dangers in their first year.\" Their instincts  are so sharp ,\" Ahern says, \"I'll face a turtle to the west, and then watch him, he turns right around ,facing the ocean. \" \n Answer: find tracks left by sea turtles",
            "output": [
                "What do Ahern and his sea turtle patrol do in the early morning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-596c24127a9445c7aa0da492b97ed630",
            "input": "Article: A recent study suggests that teens' relationship with parents, friends and teachers may have a lot to do with why they don't get a good night's sleep. David Maume, a sociologist and sleep researcher, analyzed federal health data, which interviewed 974 teenagers when they were 12, and then again at 15. He found that family dynamics   have much to do with how well kids sleep. Teens, who had warm relations with their parents and felt like they could talk to them or their parents were supportive of them, tended to sleep better. However, families that were going through a divorce or a remarriage tended to affect teens' sleep. And problems at school also affected teens' sleep. Feeling safe at school and having good relations with teachers tended to promote better sleep. As did good relationships with friends. Kids who took part in sports or other positive social activities or shared similar academic goals with their friends were also more likely to get a good night's sleep. These add up to what makes lots of sense: a general feeling of well-being helps teens sleep. If we're happy and contented, we're much more likely to sleep better than if we're sad and anxious. Now, of course, teens can hardly resist being drawn to their computers and social networking. Maume also found that when parents were strict not only about bedtime, but also about limiting technology, kids slept better. It's a finding that seems obvious, but parents really do matter when it comes to health habits of their teenagers. Clearly, teenagers aren't getting 9 to 10 hours a night, which puts them at risk for all the consequences of lack of sleep, including poor academic performance, colds and stress. \n Answer: Teens' sleep is linked to their relationship with people around them.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c76c63dac904ec7acaa60592242d4be",
            "input": "Article: There are three different kinds of friends in our life. I classify  them according to how well I know them and how well they know me. The first type of friend is just an acquaintance . This means that you only know their names. You might not even remember what they look like if you go away for a short vacation. You don't miss them when they are elsewhere. It is also this type of friend who gives you the most amount of aggravation . Since most of the time you are placed in a position where you have to act friendly, you would not normally tell an acquaintance when he or she is doing something that makes you feel angry, such as tapping the fingers on a table or shouting loudly. I call them \"pest friends\".www.ks5u.com The second kind of friend is a \"guest friend\". They are just social partners. You meet them at a certain location and at the end of the meeting you go your separate way and they go theirs. You don't talk too often with this sort of friend, and you don't share each other's secrets. Lastly, we have \"best friends\". This sort of friend is there when you need them. They know you as a person and they are there through thick and thin. Best friends are the ones that you can lean and depend on no matter what happens. If you need a listening ear, they will be the one to lend support. Friends come in all different shapes and sizes. Every friend has an impact on our life. \n Answer: Three kinds of friends in our life.",
            "output": [
                "What is this passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-58ab896c48da454db27bae879778cfab",
            "input": "Article: Having one of those days--or weeks--when everything seems to annoy you? Even if you do nothing about it, your bad mood  will probably go away after some time. But with a little effort, you can forget it much faster, often within a day or two. Walk it off Exercise is the most popular bad-mood buster. A person who's in a bad mood has low energy and high tension. Taking a fast ten-minute walk, or taking some quick exercise can do wonders towards changing that bad mood. Tune it out Listening to your favorite music for a while can also make tensions go away quickly, because music starts associations with past positive experiences we've had. Give yourself a pep talk Stop and listen to what's on your mind. Bad moods are often started by too many negative thoughts. Write them all down on paper, including the pessimistic messages you've been giving yourself and then give optimistic answers.(\"I still don't have a job.\" Vs\" I have two interviews next week.\") Reduce your stress Relaxation techniques are wonderful mood-lifters. There include de3ep breathing, stretching and visualizing, all of which sound complicated but aren't. One easy way to visualize, close your eyes and picture a favorite place, such as the beach. Another simple way to unhappiness is to make a to-do list. One reason for being in a bad mood is feeling you have no options. By taking control over certain areas, you realize you're not helpless. You can make changes in your mood and life. Avoid things that won't improve your mood TV may not help much: you need to increase your energy level and stimulate your mind-something that the TV show \"Neighbors\" won't do. And before you reach for that piece of cake and coffee, think about how mood and food are linked. Sugar and caffeine contribute to depressed moods. The better choice? Research shows that carbohydrates, such as potatoes and pasta , produce a calming effect on people who have a desire for them. \n Answer: look ahead and write something positive.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may help us stop a bad mood?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2face408e19648a6b77c89818fef40a8",
            "input": "Article: CHICAGO --Bill Clinton's eagerly awaited memoir , My Life, will be published this June, and is sure to ignite a firestorm of interest in an already politically charged election year. Bill Clinton said that most presidential memoirs are thought to be \"dull and self-serving, but I hope mine is interesting and self-serving.\" My Life, which is being published by Knopf and will sell for $ 35, is expected by many industry watchers to rise to the top of the best-seller lists. Clinton said the book tells the story of his life from his birth and childhood in Arkansas to his years in the White House. From the book readers can have a look at his successes and  _ . He tells the story \"as it happens to me, so you see what it's like to be president ... to see how everything happens at once.\" Without offering specifics or mentioning Monica Lewinsky, Clinton said, \"I don't spare myself\" in the book. \"I have no idea if this is a great book,\" he said, \"but it's a pretty good story. \" Clinton was reportedly paid an advance of $10 million for the book, which was supposed to be done a year ago. \"The minute that book goes on sale, people will be lined up buying the book,\" said Bob Wietrak, a vice-president and chief merchant for Barnes & Noble. Some predict the 957-page book will be one of the few presidential memoirs to fly off shelves. Booksellers have already taken pre-orders. The 1.5 million-copy first printing is bigger than the first run for Hillary Clinton's memoir Living History, which sold 1.8 million copies. \n Answer: It will be published by Barnes & Noble",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true about the book My Life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-64a777bad2a548059307b65fe2912dbf",
            "input": "Article: Glynis Davis: I first piled on the pounds when I was in the family way and I couldn't lose them afterwards. Then I joined a slimming club. My target was 140 pounds and I lost 30 pounds in six months. I felt great and people kept saying how good I looked. But Christmas came and I started to slip back into my old eating habits. I told myself I'd lose the weight at slimming classes in the new year... but it didn't happen. Instead of losing the pounds, I put them on. I'd lost willpower and tried to believe that the old bag of fish and chips didn't make any difference -- but the _ don't lie. Roz Juma: To be honest, I never weigh myself any more. I've learnt to be happy with myself. It seemed to me that I would feel sorry about every spoonful of tasty food that passed my lips. My idea is simple. You shouldn't be too much thinking about food and dieting. Instead, you should get on with life and stop dreaming of a super thin body. This is obviously the size I'm meant to be and, most of all, I'm happy with it. Lesley Codwin: I was very happy at winning Young Slimmer of the year. I'd look in the mirror unable to believe this slim lady was me! That might have been my problem -- perhaps from then on I didn't pay any attention to myself. Winning a national competition makes everything worse, though. Because you feel the eyes of the world are fixed upon you. I feel a complete failure because I've put on weight again. Ros Langfod: Before moving in with my husband Gavin, I'd always been about 110 pounds, but the pleasant housework went straight to my waist and I put on 15 pounds in a year. Every so often I try to go on a diet... I'm really good in a few days, then end up having the children's leftovers or eating happily chocolate -- my weakness. I'd like to be slim, but right now my duty is the children and home. I might take more exercise when my kids are older. \n Answer: Their own slimming matter.",
            "output": [
                "What do you think the four women were talking about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a0fba180c304ec9b112a2d853d71082",
            "input": "Article: A ten-year-old boy from Howell, Michigan America is being hailed (...) a hero due to his persistence   that led to saving the life of an elderly neighbor. The chain of events unfolded late in the evening on Sunday, January 26th, 2014 when Danny Dipietro was being driven home from hockey practice by his dad. That's when the young boy noticed an open garage and a figure that he believed was a dog outside an apartment near his house. Given the extremely cold weather, the young boy got a feeling that something was not right. But instead of dismissing   it like most kids at his age would have, he insisted that his mother, Dawn, go to examine what was going on. Dawn tried to convince   Danny that no one would leave a dog out in such cold weather, but he refused to take no for an answer. Dawn finally gave in and decided to take a walk to the area with the family dog and see if there was any truth to Danny's premonition  . Sure enough, as she got closer to the apartment she noticed a garage that was wide open and a bent figure, waving madly. Upon getting there, she realized that it was not a dog that the young boy had seen, but Kathleen St. Onge, one of her neighbors. The 80-year-old had slipped on some ice in her garage and had been lying there for two hours, unable to get up. Dawn rushed home to get her husband for help and called 911. The two then returned with some blankets to cover Ms. St. Onge, while they waited for the ambulance to arrive. Though still in hospital, the elderly woman is recovering well and grateful to Danny for his premonition. \n Answer: Because she was busy with her work.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't Dawn want to have a look at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ee9e3c873bf541a6936c426bd12381c5",
            "input": "Article: Amanda Clement grew up in Hudson, South Dakota. Baseball was always her favorite sport. Once in a while her brother Hank and his friends would let her play first base in their games. More often, however, they asked her to umpire   for them, because they knew her calls would be fair and there would be no arguing. One day in 1904, Amanda and her mother traveled to Hawarden, Iowa, to watch Hank play for the home team against Hawarden. When they arrived at the ball field, two local teams were waiting to play a preliminary   game. The umpire hadn't arrived, so Hank argued that the teams should let his sister serve as umpire. The players finally agreed. Amanda, then sixteen and standing five feet, ten inches tall, made perfect calls. She was so good that players for the main game asked her to umpire for them and even offered to pay her. Thus, at sixteen, Amanda Clement became the first paid female baseball umpire of all time. She is honored in the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York. \n Answer: Because she knew the rules well and was fair.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Hank and his friends often ask Amanda to umpire for them?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-590a1f7c5b104d909e92f02118e3c4ad",
            "input": "Article: Apply for a Library Card Any person who lives, works, attends school or pays property taxes in New York State is eligible to receive a New York Public Library card free of charge. Adult and teen users may either apply online or in person at any New York Public Library location. Applications for children ages 11 and under must be completed in person, and require the signature of a parent. When you apply for a card online, you will receive a 7-digit temporary barcode . This allows you to set a secret code. After you receive your permanent barcode, which is required to borrow materials, search Library databases, or reserve a computer, you must renew your card. Renew or Validate Your Card All adult, teen and child library cards for cardholders must be renewed every three years. New library card applicants who applied for a card online must renew their card before full cardholder privileges can be extended. Cardholders can visit any New York Public Library location to present the required forms of identification in order to renew or validate their card. Cardholders may also email copies of the required forms of identification to patronaccounts@nypl.org. Alternatively, this information may be faxed to 212.621.0278. Forget Your Secret Code? If you forget your secret code, you can provide the library with a valid email address, and click on the link ---\"Forgot Your secret code?\"  A link with instructions on changing your secret code will be sent to the email address on your account, giving you a brief period of time to update your information. You must select a 4 digit numeric secret code, with no repeating or obvious numbers (e.g. 1234 or 2222).  If you have not provided us with a valid email address, you may visit a library location to reset your secret code. Replace a Lost or Stolen Card Cardholders are responsible for all items on a card, all use made of the card and all charges made against it until it is reported lost or stolen. If your card is lost or stolen, inform the library immediately. Call 917.ASK.NYPL (917.275.6975), email Ask NYPL, or visit to your nearest library to report the card lost. \n Answer: Those who travel in New York.",
            "output": [
                "Who can't apply for a New York Public Library card for free?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df682ff45a934b54b47e9a6cc81a4d82",
            "input": "Article: World Expo 2010 Shanghai China is to be staged in Shanghai from May1 to October 31, 2010. If you plan to visit the Shanghai Expo this summer, China Pavilion is a must-see area for you. China Pavilion, which is called Oriental Crown , is located at the center of the Expo site. Standing 63 meters tall, the China Pavilion takes the shape of an emperor's crown, with the upper layers larger than the lower ones. Covering 160,000 square meters in floor space, the pavilion consists of a national hall and a regional hall. Construction on the China Pavilion began on December 18, 2007. The design of the China Pavilion was picked from a total of 344 designs put forward by Chinese from around the world. The pavilion possesses both traditional and modern features, which helps develop the theme of the 2010 Expo: \" Better City, Better Life\". For example, it is red in appearance, which contains the elements of traditional Chinese culture, and it is green indoors, with the use of energy-saving techniques. The Shanghai World Expo is expected to attract 70 million visitors from across the globe. It is estimated that 400,000 people will visit the Expo and its 140 pavilions every day during the period, but the China Pavilion is only able to receive about one tenth of the total. How to accommodate so many people in the pavilion remains a tough task. Luckily, the China Pavilion is built as a permanent landmark. During the Expo, the main structure will be used for an exhibition based on the theme of \" Chinese wisdom in urban development\" by explaining the values of harmony, nature and spirit. The three-story pavilion has three sections. The top floor's \"Footprint of the East\" will show some of the changes in Chinese cities. There, you can see a film which shows how Chinese cities have changed, especially in the past 30 years. According to Lu Chuan, director of the film, the scenery is like something from Lord of the Rings. On the second floor, \"Journey of Wisdom\" will explain China's four great inventions. And the ground's \"Blossoming City\" will display scenes from cities of the future. \n Answer: Environmentally-friendly",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words can be used to describe the China Pavilion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-26fbfc26c9c8432a8779944618b57232",
            "input": "Article: In the suburban district of a city lived an old woman quite alone. Her husband died thirty years ago and two years later, her only son went away with lung cancer. So she had no family still living and her only friend was a little white dog who went everywhere with her - with one exception. The dog loved the fireplace in winter, and after the old woman went to bed he would sometimes go and lie in front of the warm coals. Usually though, the dog lay on a rug right next to the bed. Deeply as the old woman loved her dog, she wouldn't allow the dog on the bed with her. However, if she became frightened or had a nightmare, she would put her hand down to her little white dog and he would lick it to calm her down. One night she was reading the newspaper just before going to sleep. She trembled and pulled the duvet up around her as she read that a mental patient had wandered out from a nearby hospital. No one knew if the patient was dangerous or not, but he was a suspect in the murders of several women who lived alone. The woman turned off the lights and tried to sleep, but she was frightened, and turned over continually. Finally, she reached down to where her little white dog slept. Sure enough, a warm, wet tongue began to lick her hand. The woman felt reassured and safe, and left her hand hanging off the side of the bed. As she turned to settle in comfortably she opened her eyes for a moment and looked through the open door into the living room. There in front of the fireplace, sat her little white dog, gazing at the coals and wagging his tail. And down beside her bed, something was still licking her hand. \n Answer: The author didn't mention the reason for it.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't she allow the dog on the bed with her?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c2c1202465dc4ce497ade6275bff2f91",
            "input": "Article: Actually we have known a lot of examples and meaningful words to support the fact that we should try our best to ease the bad impression of others. Just like the old saying goes, we should give a better assumption to the one than we think he was. But many of us always fail to do this. Take the situation of my class for example. Right at the beginning of the first semester when we were freshmen we all showed great favor to each other. And when there was an activity that needed some people to join, we would be willing to attend whether it was interesting or not. And we were really like brothers and sisters, and our class was just like a family, a warm family. But now, I feel tired of those meaningless activities not only because of the boring activities themselves but also the cool response of our classmates. I think the reasons why the passion of most classmates is so low may be as follows: To start with, many of us take part in more than one organization, which will certainly make us tired. Also, in the study fields, many of us may find that our courses are sometimes difficult to understand or comprehend, especially the specialized subjects. Moreover, \"history\" teaches us that if one does not study hard, it is possible to fail in the exams. So it is a big and good excuse to say that \"I do really want to attend, but I have a lot of homework to do, so...\" Last but not least, some people believe that some of our leaders should not be regarded as a leader, maybe I should say we, as leaders, lost the reputation, support and trust of yours. At least I am the warm-hearted one, although I cannot promise you that your advice will be adopted surely, at least I will spare no effort to \"give\" you the right to be heard, and to serve you. Be active to show your talents and abilities and to create a better image of our class. Most important of all, work painstakingly for a better condition that we should have reached. \n Answer: Students' passion for activities was high at first but disappeared gradually.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5fcc350fb01d498c9d97be69030d8c6f",
            "input": "Article: My decision to travel around China lay merely with my curiosity about the place. Before coming here, China seemed _ to me ----a place that expected to be hugely dissimilar from my own British culture. After travelling from Beijing up to Xi'an, I wanted to challenge myself by choosing a smaller town----Xiahe in Gansu Province. I arrived in Lanzhou at around 5 am, but there were no buses to Xiahe. I managed to spot a policeman and attempted to explain my destination to him in simple English, praying that he would understand. I wasn't sure that he did but I just followed him anyway as I had no choice. He took me on a bus and I didn't know where I was going. Luckily, I met a student who explained to me in English that the policeman was taking me to another bus station where I could take a bus to Xiahe. During this conversation a third man said he was also a policeman and would help me buy tickets. But as he was not in uniform, I was a little doubtful. The uniformed policeman told me it was OK to go with the third man, so I got off the bus with the so-called policeman who at this point, disappeared and I was left in the middle of nowhere. I stood panicking. Around one minute later a police car came and stopped right by me. It was the un-uniformed policeman. I got into the car and he dropped me directly at the bus station, and helped me buy the ticket. This is one of many experiences that I have had in China. I realized that however different this culture was, there was one thing that would always stand out--kindness. In the west we seem to lack the foundation of trust, yet in China it seems that there will always be someone to answer your questions and lead you the right way. \n Answer: He went to get a car to pick the author up.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the un-uniformed policeman disappear after the author got off the bus?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e6f6ab988d584976be51878b87cbabcf",
            "input": "Article: Social customs differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn't it matter? What about table manners? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should you leave one in your lap, or on the table? The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a woman or offer their seat to a woman, and so will most Americans. Promptness is important both in England and in America. That is, if a dinner invitation is for 7 o'clock, the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay. The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable - especially if they are your guests. There is an old story about a man who gave a formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. The other guests were amused or shocked, but the host calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable. \n Answer: He should telephone to explain his being late.",
            "output": [
                "If one has accepted a dinner invitation, what should he do if he is to be late for the dinner?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-14393c6c9b3842e8a86db58c32860d27",
            "input": "Article: A Hong Kong Disneyland park admission ticket is your passport to a full day of magical adventures. Learn the ways to buy your tickets now. Three types of 1-day ticket are available: Ticket Type Price General Admission Ticket (aged 12--64) HK $ 499 Child Ticket (aged 3----11) HK $ 355 Senior Ticket (aged 65 or above) HK $ 100 Free admission for Child aged under 3. Book Online Now Purchase tickets conveniently through our website, then pick up your tickets starting from 1 hour after you have purchased online. Purchase Tickets Directly at Hong Kong Disneyland Ticket Express You can purchase tickets at the Hong Kong Disneyland Ticket Express, conveniently located at the MTR Hong Kong Station. Open from 9:00 am ---- 8:00 pm on Mondays to Fridays and from 9:00 am ---- 5:00 pm on Saturdays, Sundays and Public Holidays. Purchase 2 Park Tickets at one of the following locations and receive a FREE limited-edition Disney gift:  Avenue of Stars Kiosks You can purchase tickets at Avenue of Stars Kiosks in Tsim Sha Tsui. Open daily from 9:00 am ----10:30 pm.  Asia World-Expo Box Office You can purchase tickets at Asia World-Expo Box Office. Open Mondays to Fridays from 10:00 am ---- 6:00 pm. Reserve Tickets for Hotel Guest As a hotel Guest of Hong Kong Disneyland Hotel or Disney's Hollywood Hotel, Park tickets are reserved for your purchase at front desk. Open daily from 9:00 am ---- 8:00 pm. Buy at Hong Kong Disneyland Main Entrance Guests can purchase tickets on the day of their visit at the Main Entrance Ticket Booths or Guest Relations Windows. Open daily from 30 minutes before Park opening until Park closes. \n Answer: Asia World-Expo Box Office.",
            "output": [
                "In which place can you get a free gift for buying two tickets?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dac504eabfca423d96d1c2887d1770a7",
            "input": "Article: Since I started working part-time at a grocery store, I have learned that a customer is more than someone who buys things. To me, a customer is a person whose memory fails entirely once he or she starts to push a shopping cart. One of the first things customers forget is how to count. There is no other way to explain how so many people get in their express line, which is clearly marked 15 items  or less, with 20, 25 or even a cart load of items. Customers also forget why they came to the store in the first place. Just as I finish ringing up an order, a customer will say, \"Oops, I forgot to pick up a fresh loaf of bread. I hope you don't mind waiting, while I go to get it.\"Five minutes later, he's back with the bread, a bottle of milk, and three rolls of paper towels. What is strange is that customers also seem to forget that they have to pay for their groceries. Instead of writing a check or looking for a credit card while I am ringing up the groceries, a customer will wait until I announce the total. Then, in surprise, she says, \" Oh no, what did I do with my check book?\" After 5 minutes of digging through her purse, she borrows my pen because she has forgotten hers. But I have to tolerate customers because they pay my salary, and that's something I can't afford to forget. \n Answer: They behave as if their memories had totally failed.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author say about his customers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8fb0a385652040cab8e410b43d162f1f",
            "input": "Article: I often write about the bad state of television these days, but recently my mom told me about a story she saw on 60 Minutesthat was inspiring, educational, and entertaining for the whole family. I went to the show's website to see for myself. My mom was right. At a time when even Barbara Walters says she's really bored with celebrities interviews, this one will not disappoint. It's the story of Derek Paravicini, a 30-year-old who was born three months early, physically disabled (he can't button his own shirt), blind, and severely autistic . Yet, through total luck and coincidence, his family discovered that Derek had a remarkable musical talent when he was three. Derek can hear any musical composition one time and play it perfectly on the piano. That's right. He only has to hear it once. Even more unbelievable, his brain, like a computer, can keep many songs that he can immediately repeat when asked. But his talent isn't limited to just learning things by heart. Derek is a true musical genius and artist who plays beautifully in a wide range of styles and can make his own music. With his talent, Derek has raised millions of dollars putting on charity concerts. He also donates his time to senior centers where he acts as a human jukebox   machine, taking requests from senior citizens who haven't heard their favorite songs for decades. As it turns out, Derek loves people and his extraordinary talent has been the key to unlocking his personality and social development. If you want to inspire your family, pop some popcorn and sit everyone down to watch this excellent piece of journalism. If your kids are like mine, it will cause a great family discussion about the definition of \"disability\" and the extraordinary ability of the human brain and spirit. It may even give you the perfect answer the next time your child says he or she \"can't\" do something. Now that's priceless. Who says there's nothing good on TV? \n Answer: By playing the piano to raise money for them.",
            "output": [
                "How does Derek help the elderly?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a52f46179c4e4872ada5c022b626e302",
            "input": "Article: Question: I have a one-year-old female bulldog, who has recently taken to biting my shoes when we are in the park and I'm on the mobile. She can be slightly aggressive and I'm starting to get worried and a bit annoyed. How do I stop her? ----Susan, London. Answer: You need to get this problem under control before it could escalate  . I always advise owners not to talk on the mobile phone when they go for a walk with their dogs, because they should be focusing on this time with their pets, but I know people have busy lives and need to make phone calls. The behavior she is showing is either controlling or playfulness, but they both result from the same issue ---- you are not paying attention to her. If you must make phone calls while on a walk, try to still engage with your dog by speaking towards her, playing some sorts of game and so on. If that doesn't work, you'll have to try more of a training approach. You will need a training line and some treats. Start your walk in the usual way, make a phone call, and when your dog starts displaying the undesired behavior, simply stop walking --- otherwise she will see it as a game. When she is calm and looking at you, or if she sits, give her a treat; then continue walking. If she starts up again, pick up the lead, gently pull it, and tell her \"no\".  Then ask her to sit and give her a treat if she does. The aim of this is to try to get her to forget how much fun it is biting your shoes. Do little sessions every day --- and try not to answer the phone if you know it's going to be a long conversation. Be patient and good luck! Remember that if an animal shows signs of distress or discomfort, an early visit to the vet is always recommended. \n Answer: She finds her dog is getting a little aggressive.",
            "output": [
                "What is Susan complaining about in her question?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4aa48931d8554880b30f20b72073e870",
            "input": "Article: Rebecca, who is a 25-year-old woman, has a rare condition. She can remember all the events she has experienced in her life. The events are so vivid, as if they happened just moments ago. But her vivid memories often become a reality. Rebecca said, \"When I relive memories, the emotions come back. So if it's something that happened when I was younger, my emotions are about what I felt then. I also re-experience pain. For example, I remember falling over and hurting my left knee when I was three. When talking about it now, I'm getting pain in my left knee.\" However, there are times when Rebecca's memories prove to be too overwhelming, and she has learnt relaxation and mindfulness  techniques to solve. \"At school, it is a _ . I'm not very quick at processing things, so there is always so much going through my mind. At night, I have to sleep with the radio on and a soft light. If it's too dark or quiet, my mind just recalls all these memories and I can't sleep,\" Rebecca said. In addition, Rebecca has no control over whether the memories she recalls will be positive or negative - recalling painful experiences with such vividness that she has suffered from post-traumatic   stress disorder. Rebecca said, \"Recently, I went back to my old school for my sister's high school graduation. Being in that building again brought all those memories flooding back. I burst into tears and had to leave.\" Rebecca and her mother Mrs. Barnes got in touch with the University of California in 2011. It was there that Rebecca knew she had Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM). It's reported that Rebecca is one of just 80 people worldwide, who have HASM. \"Finding out about HASM has been such a positive experience. Now, Rebecca has been more positive and able to do things independently, which has been excellent,\" Mrs. Barnes said. \n Answer: Her vivid memories lead her to experience sufferings.",
            "output": [
                "What's wrong with Rebecca?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e0b24789ea504ff68b7b2ea5a1443b0f",
            "input": "Article: Living in a modern society has its advantages and disadvantages. One disadvantage is that you often have to live closer to other people than you would like to. Sometimes, your neighbors make a  noise that you are not comfortable with. The best way to solve this problem is to talk with your neighbor first. You should be very polite and ask your neighbor if he knows how thin the walls of your homes are. This way doesn't criticize   his behavior ; it simply points out that he may not realize how far his sound travels. Tell him that you know that sometimes you make noise as well, but that you do your best to keep it down. Often this will solve the problem right away, but sometimes the neighbor may become angry. If your neighbor becomes angry with you, there are some more steps you can take. You might write a letter to the neighborhood committee. Make sure you write down the source of the noise and the time in the letter. They will review the situation and decide whether your neighbor is out of line. Some noise is considered to be _ , even if it bothers you. So you may prepare a good pair of earplugs  . Even if your neighbor makes too much noise, you don't have to live your life in discomfort. It's always a good idea to be friendly with your neighbors. You may clean the rubbish in front of his door. He's sure to appreciate behavior like this and be more open to your suggestions about noise level. \n Answer: To tell the neighbor how bad his behavior is",
            "output": [
                "What is the first step to deal with the noisy neighbor?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1f139dd1e7624be8b23856802b09f266",
            "input": "Article: The largest outbreak of the deadly disease Ebola  was caused by an infected bat biting a toddler, say a group of international researchers. The 17-strong team of European and African tropical disease researchers, ecologists and anthropologists have spent three weeks investigating the outbreak of the disease in Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Nigeria. The researchers captured the bats and other creatures near the village of Meliandoua in remote eastern Guinea, where the disease began in December 2013. The boy was bitten and passed the infection on to his mother and both died within a week. The disease was then spread far and wide by the people who came to the funeral. Most of the previous outbreaks have been caused by meat from dead infected animals collected by hunters who then sell it on. Fruit bats, however, are widely eaten in rural West Africa. The team, led by epidemiologist  Herr Leendertz, a disease ecologist at the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin, are expected to publish their results in a major journal soon. Herr Leendertz's team believe that an infected straw-colored fruit bat brought the disease to Guinea. The mammals are known to travel long distances and usually settle in forests near cities. Herr Leendertz said, \" The evidence is not 100 percent and we can only say that it is possible. They can travel far in one night. I don't think an individual bat or colony  migrated all the way from Congo or Gabon to West Africa. These big colonies are connected. There is a possibility for the virus to mix between colonies. The bats share the same fruit. It is likely not to have even been one species of bat. The virus may jump from one species to another.\" If the bat theory is confirmed, the locals would try to destroy the colonies, which, Herr Leendertz says, would be an ecological disaster, because bats pollinate  plants and kill insects. And bat hunts would also only increase human contact with potentially infected animals. \n Answer: To look into the outbreak of Ebola.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the 17-strong team?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-27ad7bff6b1f43dd9fabe056bc91411f",
            "input": "Article: Carnival  does not take place only in Louisiana. There are many celebrations around the world. In Brazil, the celebration is supposed to go on from the Saturday before Mardi Gras  to Mardi Gras Day, but in some Brazilian cities the celebration can last seven or eight days. Just like New Orleans, not many important things are decided in Brazil from New Year's Day to Mardi Gras Day because everyone is preparing for or celebrating carnival. Most Brazilian parades have a subject, which could be political or historical. The parades had to have a subject related to Brazil until 1996. Some cities in Brazil do not have a street carnival, but they might have an indoor party. Bolivia has carnival parades for children and then more parades for adults. The children dress up in costumes and march in the streets. The adults make traditional dance groups and dance in the streets. But the main part of Bolivia's carnival is getting wet. Almost everyone gets wet from water balloons and water buckets. In Oruru, Bolivia, their carnival is held in the last ten days of the carnival season. People there join in dancing, but their main carnival event is a ceremonial parade that lasts for twenty hours and parades for four kilometers. Over 20,000 dancers are involved as well as 10,000 musicians. This parade attracts at least 400,000 people. The carnival in Venice, Italy is often regarded as the most carefully prepared carnival and lasts ten days before Lent  . Many events are held in the canals including shows, concerts, dances and water processions . The official ending to the celebration is the party held in St. Mark's Square. \n Answer: History of Carnival",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-218ce89ec3e240d3856cffeba122b5ce",
            "input": "Article: If you want your children to develop an environmentally conscious attitude, you have to start teaching them while they are young. Wondering where to send your kids to learn more? Here are some good choices for you. Recycle Zone Website Address: _  The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the UK actually pays money to build this site. It provides lots of great information on the level for kids. The site is brightly colored, and it's easy for kids to use, and interactive to get them active in learning. You'll find many great jokes, songs and games on the site that will keep your kids happy while they are learning. National Geographic Kids Website Address: _  This is an excellent site for kids, with all the great choice that you'd expect from National Geographic. It is excellent for kids and it has information on different kinds of topics, including the environment and how the environmental problems affect the world and animals around it. You'll find stories, quizzes, games, tips, and videos that your kids will enjoy while learning more about the environment and recycling. Children of the Earth Website Address: _  The site helps to provide information that will allow your kids to understand and respect the world around them. Lessons are taught on plants, soil, energy and animals. It helps them to learn about how their actions can either have negative or positive influence on the environment. \n Answer: It is designed for kids.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about Recycle Zone?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7b92072763c747b8bb25eeda532b2d7d",
            "input": "Article: Michael J. \"Crocodile Dundee\" (also called Mick), played by Paul Hogan, is the main character in the fictional Crocodile Dundee film series consisting of Crocodile Dundee, Crocodile Dundee II, and Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles. The character is a crocodile hunter, hence the nickname. In the first film, Crocodile Dundee, Mick is visited by a New York reporter, Sue Charlton, who travels to Australia to investigate a report she heard of a crocodile hunter, who had his leg bitten off by a crocodile in the outback. The hunter supposedly walked more than a hundred miles back to civilization and miraculously survived his injuries. However, by the time she meets him, the story turns out to be a somewhat exaggerated legend where the \"bitten-off leg\" turns out to be just being some bad scarring on his leg; a \"love bite\" as Mick calls it. Still _ by the idea of \"Crocodile Dundee\", Sue continues with the story. They travel together out to where the incident occurred, and follow his route through the bush to the nearest hospital. Despite his old-fashioned views, the pair eventually become close, especially after Mick saves Sue from a crocodile attack. Feeling there is still more to the story, Sue invites Mick back to New York with her, as his first trip to a city (or \"first trip anywhere,\" as Dundee says). The rest of the film depicts Dundee as a \"fish out of water,\" showing how, despite his expert knowledge of living outdoors, he knows little of city life. Mick meets Sue's boyfriend, Richard, but they do not get along. By the end of the film, Mick is on his way home, lovesick, when Sue realizes she loves Mick, too, and not Richard. She runs to the subway station to stop Mick from leaving and, by passing on messages through the packed-to-the-gills crowd, she tells him she won't marry Richard, and she loves him instead. With the help of the other people in the subway, Mick and Sue have a loving reunion as the film ends. \n Answer: He wrote a film series about himself.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true about Mick?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c2bf64703a654992a8995f7de8004548",
            "input": "Article: This the best time and this the worst time;this is the time of great material richness and this is the time of desert of soul.Everyone seems to be rushing around for something but they have never fulfilled they dream.Everyone tries to seek happiness but it seems to be nowhere to be found. When asked\"what on earth can make you happy?\",most modern man would give similar replies such as becoming extremely wealthy,or getting promoted in work and then becoming very wealthy.When asked\"what will you do with your wealth?\",they would make a long list of things they have been longing for.However haven't you noticed the multibillionaires are not as happy as we common guys suppose them to be?Haven't you noticed that the multibillionaire celebrities don't even enjoy the fundamental freedom of going shopping with their own families without being followed by annoying paparazzi? If we hinge our happiness on such big issues,we are bound to be unhappy all through our  life, because those big issues might just occur to us _ . As Socrates once put it,\"He is the richest who is content with the least,for content is the wealth of nature\".But how can we \"be content with the least\"?If you pay due attention,our life is loaded with little joys,sometime too little to be noticeable.Stop once in a while in your rush to your destination,look around and you will see that there are always little things worth cheering for. You got an\"A\"in a test.Good!You listened to all inspiring lecture.Great!You offered a helping hand to someone who had a flat tire! Amazing! Your dream girl/boy greeted you with a sweet smile!Fantastic!And so on and so forth!Let's cheer for the little joys in life! Please keep in mind that never should we wait to be happy! \n Answer: Happiness is all around us.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-050fa0b687ff4ae79fd8c5f587bdad9b",
            "input": "Article: Who doesn't have a clingy friend? You know, that person who often calls,texts, and e-mails. He often needs your attention, your feedback,or your help.Worse yet, he often gets _ when you don't reply immediately. Is there ever a moment when you just want to turn off your phone and be alone? But you won't do that to a friend. Actually there are better ways to deal with a clingy friend. Give Yourself Some Time If you really need some time for yourself, or you're just tired of being the listener, just explain to your friend honestly that you want or need some time of your own.Even the most determined friends will understand and give you some space. Of course, those extremely clingy friends will still call, text, and e-mail. If that happens, just reply gently that you need some time for yourself. Suggest an Activity for Your Friend If you 're tired of different get-togethers and outings, then you should advise your friend to do something alone. If you both like sports, you could tell your friend to have a try at the new gym. If your friend likes your suggestion, but insists that you go along, just explain that you've already visited the gym. Mention that you enjoy the gym. If you're lucky , he'll try it, and like it. Introduce Your Clingy Friend to Others. Your clingy friend may just be lonely or have trouble meeting new people. If that's the case , introduce him to others with similar interests. He may just make some new friends.  _  There's no reason for you to rudely tell your clingy friend that he's a pain in the neck. Just follow the above advice to take your time back. After a while, your clingy friend should learn to value your time and your friendship. \n Answer: Be honest with your friends.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author suggest you do in the first advice?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1144755fcdb64417a14b3d8a4b13c123",
            "input": "Article: A cobbler  passed his time in singing from morning till night; it was wonderful to see, wonderful to hear him; he was more satisfied in making shoes than anyone else. His neighbor, on the contrary, who was rolling in wealth, sang but little, and slept less. He was a banker; when by chance he fell into a sleep at day-break, the cobbler awoke him with his song. The banker complained sadly that God had not made sleep a saleable product, like foods or drinks. Then he visited the cobbler and asked him, \"How much a year do you earn, Master Gregory?\"  \"How much a year, sir?\" said the merry cobbler laughing, \"I never count my income in that way, living as what I like from one day to another; somehow I manage to make the ends meet throughout the year; each day brings its meals.\"  \"Well then! How much a day do you earn, my friend?\" asked the banker continuously. \"Sometimes more, sometimes less; but the worst of it is that a number of days occur in the year on which we are forbidden to work, so we won't earn any money during these days, without which our earnings would be better.\"  The banker, who was laughing at the cobbler's simplicity, said that \"In the future, I will satisfy what you want. Take the hundred coins, preserve them carefully, and make use of them in time of need.\" The cobbler was very delighted and fancied that he possessed all the wealth which the earth had produced in the past century for the use of mankind. Returning home, he buried his money and his happiness at the same time. No more singing; he lost his voice. The banker could now have a sound sleep. However, at that moment, the cobbler realized that what he acquired now was the source of sorrow. Sleep broke up with him; and cares, suspicions, and false alarms took its place. All day, his eye wandered in the direction of the treasure, even at night, if some naughty cats made noises, he would think somebody was robbing him. At last, the poor man ran to the house of his rich neighbor; \"Give me back,\" said he, \"sleep and my voice, and take your hundred coins.\" \n Answer: Cats and the noises.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the followings is the best title for this story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe523832b0df4540bbb5a2c59d58b059",
            "input": "Article: Schools have been blamed for giving kids access to soda in vending machines  . But new data suggest that school soft drink sales may not be an important factor in how much soda kids drink. In the current issue of The Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, researchers compared soda consumption among nearly 500 students inprefix = st1 /Mainewho attended seven schools over two school years. Four of the schools cut back on soft drink availability at the schools, while three of the schools made no changes. All the students were drinking less soda by the end of the study period, but there were no meaningful differences in overall soft drink consumption among the different schools. The data suggest that limiting soft drink availability at school doesn't result in meaningful changes in drink consumption patterns. While there were no changes in overall soda consumption, there was a notable shift in diet soda drinking among girls. If the school cut back on soda availability, girls were less likely to drink diet soda, compared to girls in schools that made no changes. The data are the latest to suggest that schools may not play as big of a role in kids' poor eating habits as widely believed. Last year, The American Journal of Public Healthpublished a provocative   study showing that childhood weight problems often get worse in the summer, when kids are out of school. Data from kindergarteners and first graders found that body mass index   increased two to three times as fast in summer as during the regular school year. Minority children were especially at risk, as were children who were already overweight. Even children who were too thin and needed to gain weight appeared to have better eating habits during the school year. They actually gained more weight while in school and less in the summer. Even so, much of the focus on childhood nutrition and obesity   remains in the nation's schools. Today, The Timesreported that even the school bake sale is disappearing as districts impose strict standards on the food served on school grounds. \n Answer: Vending machines are not available in all schools.",
            "output": [
                "What can be learned from The Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-63aa99be15f746cca2c84003e951cde2",
            "input": "Article: Are you interested both in camp and music? Maybe the MSU Community Music School is a better place for you to go! It offers different music camps this summer! Rock Camp June 23 - 27, 2014 $220 It is held for middle and high school students who have some experience playing their instruments (guitar, bass, drums, or keyboard). Bands will be coached by members of The Outer Vibe. At camp, students will form and work in their own bands based on musical interest and skill level. They will learn songs in preparation for an end-of-camp rock concert at The Loft on June 27! Band Camp July 14 - 18, 2014 $215 It's a camp for middle school students who have completed at least one year of instrumental study. This camp provides students with an opportunity to perform with other talented students, and receive class about musical skills. Then a concert for parents and friends will be held on July 18 at Fairchild Theatre. Musical Theatre Camp July 14 - 25, 2014 $300 for Grades 9-12 $220 for Grades 2-8 This camp is held for elementary, middle and high school students. Campers in grades 9-12 will spend the full two weeks developing skills including voice development, dancing, and prop   design. Campers in grades 2-8 will join them in the second week, and the camp will give a final performance featuring scenes and songs from many popular musicals. Beginning Strings   Camp August 4 - 8, 2014 $185 This camp will introduce violins, violas and cellos   to children ages 6-12. It will give the students lessons by professional string teachers, along with singing and music theory games. Instruments are provided by CMS through a donation by Marshall Music Co. for students who do not have one. At the end of the camp, there will be a final performance to show what the students have learned. \n Answer: $300.",
            "output": [
                "If a sixth-grader wants to take part in a camp about musicals, how much will he spend?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e85161e8dd348c489cc7e278a10a9a0",
            "input": "Article: We were on the way from Hutchinson to Chicago for a short spring break. For many years I had wanted to take my family on the train. We all had been to Chicago four years ago, and the kids loved it. Chicago is one of my favorite cities, too, so the thought struck me again last fall to ride the train to Chicago. Of course, flying would have been faster. But I don't think flying is easier, especially these days, with all the security and waiting in lines at airports. Though we were tired in the middle of the night, the kids got on the train with the _ of this adventure. \"We're moving,\" my son William shouted happily with big eyes as the train began to pull away from the Hutchinson station. I removed my shoes and lay down to try to finish my night's sleep. The sleeper car would have better enabled that, but the ordinary train seats were not too bad. An airline flight is a more miserable experience for me: not enough room, two hours of pain with my knees almost touching my chin, the hard seatback in front cracking my kneecaps   with every move of the body planted in front of me. On the train I could almost outstretch all of my 6-foot-2-plus body in the generous legroom. The journey didn't feel at all as long as it was. We all found the train ride a joy. The car ride would have felt every minute of 13 hours. But on the train you are free to walk around, sit in the observation carriage for a while and enjoy the scenery out the windows, have a nice meal in the dining car, read a book, or play a board game. In short, the train is all about enjoying the trip, which isn't something I do so much when traveling by airline or by car, when the trip seems more of a mission   to get there than an experience to enjoy along the way. Chicago offers much to do for a family. This time, getting there was half the fun. \n Answer: Delighted.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words best describes the whole family's feeling about the train journey?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1a5efee591bb4a6880912640180995a7",
            "input": "Article: In the winter months the temperature in most of Canada usually stays below 0degC. However, in some parts of Canada, such as southern British Columbia, the temperature rarely goes below 0degC. In most areas where people live, snow will be on the ground from mid-December to the middle of March. Though Canada's winter may be much colder and longer than you are used to, it can be very enjoyable. For many Canadians, being active in winter is an important part of enjoying life. There are many outdoor winter activities, including skiing, ice fishing, walking, and skating. Joining in one of these activities may help you appreciate winter and enjoy your time outside in the snow. Dressing for winter. During winter in Canada, you will need warm clothing. If possible, arrive with these items or be prepared to buy them soon after your arrival. You will need: *A warm waterproof  boots. *A scarf  for your neck. *A hat that covers your ears. *Gloves for your hands. *Thick winter coats, pants  and sweaters. Layers  keep you warm. It's a good idea to layer your clothing by, for example, wearing a T-shirt and a sweater underneath a jacket. If you become too hot, it is always easier to remove a piece of clothing than to add another. On the West Coast, prepare to dress for cool rainy or snowy weather. You will need: *A warm waterproof coat. *Waterproof hats. *An umbrella. *Rain boots or snow boots. Learn more about weather and seasons across Canada. You can also contact  Related Links.com, for example, an immigrant-serving  organization in the community where you live for more information about dressing for winter. \n Answer: Staying in the snow",
            "output": [
                "What is the important part for many Canadians in winter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5adb3399984b47e482f4d30c6bf9994f",
            "input": "Article: Does it drive you crazy that your cell phone needs to be frequently charged for hours? A team of scientists led by professor Harold Kung at Northwestern University in the US may have solved your problem. They developed a lithium ion batery   that holds 10 times as much power and charges 10 times more quickly than standard batteries, according to the BBC in a report on November 15. Lithium ion bateries are rechargeable and are widely used in cameras, smartphones and laptops. They charge through a chemical reaction in which lithium ions   are sent between the two ends of a battery. How much power the battery holds and how fast it charges are limited by two things:how many lithium ions it has and how quickly these ions move. Current rechargeable batteries have an anode   made of many carbon-based graphene   sheets. To increase energy capacity, former experiments have tried to replace the carbon with silicon, which can hold far more lithium ions. However, this method did not work because the silicon was not stable enough. Kung's team managed to stabilize the silicon. They put clusters   of silicon between the graphene sheets like a sandwich so that the silicon could not move around freely and take away the energy. The speed at which a battery charges is hindered   by the shape of the graphene sheets because it takes a long time for the lithium to travel from one side of the sheet to the other.Sometimes a \"traffic jam\" occurs around the edges of the graphene. To solve this problem, Kung's team used a special chemical process to create tiny holes of 10 to 20 nanometers wide in the graphene sheets so the lithium ions would have a \"shortcut\" and be able to travel directly to the other side. This reduced the time it took the battery to recharge. About 15 minutes of charging can last more than a week.  \"Even after 150 charges, which would be one year or more of operation, the battery is still five times more effective than lithium ion batteries on the market today,\" said Kung. The technology could be widely available within five years, the researchers said. \n Answer: The space between the graphene sheets is too big.",
            "output": [
                "What is the major problem of current rechargeable batteries?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1e6f1f166b434bcebd9591de4c734fa9",
            "input": "Article: Contestants from around the world met in Pomona, California, this month to test their skills at things like driving a car, walking down stairs, and opening doors. Sounds easy, right? But the competitors weren't people--they were robots! The bots were participating in  the final round of the US's DARPA(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) Robotics Challenge. This event, which took place on June 5-6, tested robots on how well they could respond during a disaster and the winning team finally took home a $2 million grand prize. The DARPA challenge was created after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan. An earthquake caused a tsunami, which damaged a nuclear power plant. Workers at the plant needed to shut off an important valve , but it was too dangerous for humans to reach it. The US scientists at DARPA wondered whether the disaster could have been avoided if a robot had been sent to do _ . So they set up the robotics competition. Turning a valve was just one task a robot might have to perform when entering a disaster zone. In addition to doing this, robots participating in the challenge had to navigate a course containing several other tasks: driving and exiting a vehicle, opening a door, walking over or clearing objects, cutting a hole in a wall, plus climbing a flight of stairs. Teams had to complete the challenge in one hour, and points were awarded based on how quickly the robots completed a task. They didn't have to attempt all the tasks. To make things even more realistic, challenge organizers caused short computer-system blackouts  that prevented robots and the human operators controlling them from communicating. That means teams had to program their robots to be partially autonomous . Robots also couldn't be attached to anything that could keep them from falling down, which happened a lot. \n Answer: Its winner will work in Fukushima.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about this year's DARPA challenge?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6fec5be69cbb421bb87eab04adf0c674",
            "input": "Article: In 2004 ,when my daughter Becky was ten , she and my husband ,Joe, were united in their desire for a dog . As for me , I shared none of their canine lust. But why , they pleaded. \"Because I don't have time to take care of a dog.\" But we'll do it. \" Really? You're going to walk the dog? Feed the dog? Bathe the dog?\" Yes, yes , and yes .\"I don't believe you .\" We will . We promise. They didn't . From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day ) , neither thought to walk the dog . While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots , to schedule her vet appointments , to feed and clean her , Misty knew this on day one . As she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small, medium, and large) , she calculated , _  Quickly, she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld   . She'd look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers , beam her need , and then wait , trusting I would understand -- which , strangely , I almost always did . In no time , she became my feet as I read , and splaying across my stomach as I watched television . Even so , part of me continued to resent walking duty . Joe and Becky had promised. Not fair , I'd balk   silently as she and I walked . \"Not fair , \" I' d loudly remind anyone within earshot upon our return home . Then one day -- January 1, 2007 , to be exact -- my husband ' s doctor uttered an unthinkable word : leukemia ( ) .With that , I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital , doing anything and everything I could to ease his discomfort. During those six months of hospitalizations, Becky, 12 at the time, adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school. My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moment's notice for medical emergencies. Every part of my life changed; no part of my old routine remained. Save one: Misty still needed walking. At the beginning, when friends offered to take her through her paces, I declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with. As the months went by,I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk Misty. The walk in the morning before I headed to the hospital was a quiet, peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day's medical drama unfolded. The evening walk was a time to shake off the day's upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise. When serious illness visits your household, it's , not just your daily routine and your assumptions about the future that are no longer familiar. Pretty much everyone you acts differently. Not Misty. Take her for a walk, and she had no interest in Joe's blood counts or 'one marrow test results. On the street or in the park, she had only one thing on her mind: squirrels! She Was so joyous that even on the worst days, she could make me smile. On a daily basis she reminded me that life goes on. After Joe died in 2009,Misty slept on his pillow. I'm gratefulto a point. The truth is, after years of balking, I've come to enjoy m' walks with Misty. As I watch her chase after a squirrel, throwing her whole being into the here-and-now of an exercise that has never once ended in victory, she reminds me, too, that no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future , there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment. \n Answer: It would be her business to take care of the dog",
            "output": [
                "why didn't the writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning of the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a20340887c3f4ef3bc03899fb2f2a2ca",
            "input": "Article: Our planet is in trouble.Polluting industries and corporations are destroying our planet, resulting in increasing global temperatures, melting ice caps, and economic turmoil .All across the country, folks are waking up to the reality that if they do not ad now to solve the environmental problems of today, the consequences are unthinkable.If we don't i ct now, who will? Fortunately, an amazing team of young leaders are taking action.They a e getting involved with the Greenpeace Student Network! The Student Network has student leaders who deal with the most pressing environmental issues.We have organized and won inspiring campaigns.Convincing corporations to change their ways and politicians to do the right thing.All thanks to our team of leaders, known as Campus Coordinators. Campus Coordinators are located all across the United States, and even Canada! They work on Greenpeace Student Network campaigns at their schools and in their communities.They organize events like film screenings and days of action.They hold meetings with elected officials, work with the media, recruit  volunteers, and mobilize  their campus to take action! They do all of this with excellent training and expert support from our team of Student: Network staff.Campus Coordinators develop their leadership skins and become an unstoppable force for green solutions on pus and in their community. Currently, the Greenpeace Student Network is campaigning to solve the largest environmental threat to humankind: global warming.With only months until a new international treaty on global warming is decided this December, the time to stand up and take the lead has never been more important, If you are concerned with environmental issues, want to mobilize your scho4l and community, nd are ready to become a skilled organizer and strong leader, then the Campus Coordinator position is for you! We are now accepting applications for the Fall 2009-Spring 2010 academic year. Are you ready to be a leader on your campus? Apply to be a Campus Coordinator today! \n Answer: To call on students to apply to be Campus Coordinators,",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author write the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eb8e7dacbb004de28641e60a9f163c88",
            "input": "Article: While assisted living centers have been available in the United States for many years, the growth and availability of assisted living has had a dramatic increase since the early 1990s. An assisted living center is a residential alternative that promotes maximum independence for each resident through a combination of supportive services and assistance. The definition of assisted living from one state to another may vary and so will the cost and types of services.  Assisted living centers vary in size, style and the optional services they may offer. Small family style living or the larger complex of units can be found in the United States. Some facilities are operated by nonprofit organizations, while others are  _ . In addition, some facilities may be co-located or affiliated   with a hospital or nursing facility. An assisted living center is any institution, rest home, boarding home, place, building or agency that is maintained and operated to provide personal care and services which meet some need beyond basic provision of food, shelter and laundry in a free standing, physically separate facility which is not otherwise required to be licensed. In general terms, an assisted living center is required to provide assistance with daily living activities, including eating, bathing, dressing and personal hygiene; three meals a day; supervision (,) of self-administration of medications; laundry service including personal laundry, housekeeping, and 24-hour staffing. \n Answer: A place which gives supportive services and assistance.",
            "output": [
                "What is an assisted living center?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4230bc9d0f4645b3a1d0c4c7dfb4b014",
            "input": "Article: What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn't _ for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can and preserve much of the food they consume. Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that every has the ability to control what's on their plate. Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. \"I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs   and foods for that fresh flavor,\"she said. Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods. \"I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,\" Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that \"anybody can do this anywhere.\" Got an apartment with a balcony  ? Plant some herbs. A window? Perfect spot for growing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because \"they're very forgiving.\" Just a little of the herbs \"can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,\" she added. \"I think it's a great place to start.\" \"Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.\" Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food. Loe noted, there's a moment when it's bursting with its absolute peak flavor. \"I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,\" Loe said. \"Canning for me is about knowing what's in your food, knowing where it comes from.\" In addition to being more in touch with the food she's eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: \"Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding _ ,\" she said, \"that if we don't take care of the earth, no will.\" \n Answer: They are easy to grow.",
            "output": [
                "Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b604a81aadd4779b80871583d18fc28",
            "input": "Article: Five teens from   Sarasota, Florida, are making music from garbage. The Garbage-Men band's instruments are made from recycled objects. The guitars are boxes. A horn is made from pipes. The keyboard is formed from old bottles. The band started about two years ago. Jack Berry decided to make a playable, homemade guitar. After some trial-and-error, he ended up building it from a cereal box, a yardstick and toothpicks. After Jack showed his creation to his friend Ollie Gray, Ollie had the idea to form a band using other homemade instruments as a way to promote recycling. \"We want to show people there is more to recycling than throwing things away in the bin ,\" Jack, 16, said, \"You can actually reuse materials.\" Ollie, 15, plays drums made from trash cans. Evan Tucker, 15 (bass guitar); Harrison Paparatto, 15 (horns and violin); and Austin Siegel, 15, (keyboard), round out the band. The Garbage-Men plays at local events around Sarasota, including festivals, farmer's markets and community fundraisers. Typically, the teens will set up on the street and perform popular songs from the 1960s, including classic Beatles tunes and people's favorite \"Wipe Out,\" by The Surfaris. In between sets, they talk about recycling the offer tips for how to help the environment. while they perform, Jack's little brother Trent, 11, gives out flyers about recycling and helps sell the band's CD and other merchandise. The band donates the money from sales to charity. They have raised more than $2,500 for Heifer International. The organization gives farm animals, seeds and agricultural training to people in poor countries to help end poverty and hunger.  The band--all tenth graders--tries to play a gig for America's Got Talent. The teens hope to eventually take their show on the road by touring in other states. \"Music is a really good way to get a good message across to people because it's really accessible,\" Jack says. Their instruments may be garbage, but their message isn't. \n Answer: Ollie Gray",
            "output": [
                "Who first had the idea to organize the Garbage-Men band?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-611b1cad304a45af83b6242dc0422c8b",
            "input": "Article: Dear Miss Manners, Friends of mine lost their home in a house fire.It was terrible.Another friend set up a \"go fund me\" type page for friends and funnily to donate and help the couple.Many friends, including me, helped with money, meals, lamprey and their dog while 'they were getting back on their feet. Last week, they sent thank-you notes.My roommate received one addressed to her and I did not  The notes were not in modularized; it was a printed one-size-fits-all message.My roommate realized I didn't receive a thank you, so she sent a private message to the couple just letting them know I had been left out.I didn't know she had done this until later. The next day, I got a text message apologizing and saying that I had been left out because their friend who addressed the notes must have missed me!(Miss Manners, they didn't even address the notes themselves!)It was accompanied by a picture of the thank-you note, which was texted to me with- the message, \"Here is a thank you just for you. \" I was a little annoyed.I helped them in their fume of need and didn't get a second thought.I have not responded to her text message.Is it fair of me to consider this friendship over? Should I tell her that I am upset, or should I accept that this rude thank you was better than nothing? \n Answer: To ask for advice on how to deal with her annoyance.",
            "output": [
                "For what purpose did Mary write the letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-67b01bbc16124dc397cc1fa340e47bf8",
            "input": "Article: The Adventures of Tom Thumb and Thumbelina For the first time ever, two little fairy tale   characters meet in one fun-filled, action-packed musical adventure. Trying to find their way in a great big world, Tom Thumb and Thumbelina join forces and face difficulties in a great journey to find their true home. Starring: Elijah Wood, Peter Gallagher Runtime: 1 hour 16 minutes Buy with 1 click Uptown Girls Carefree Molly Gunn loses her inheritance   and must do something she's never done before---to get a job. She ends up as babysitter to an 8-year-old girl who teaches Molly to be a grownup, while Molly teaches her to be a kid. Starring: Brittany Murphy, Dakota Fanning Runtime: 1 hour 33 minutes Buy with 1 click Magic Beyond Words: The J.K. Rowling Story Based on a true story, the movie Magic Beyond Words: The J.K. Rowling Story is about the British author's rise to fame, from poor single mother to author of the popular Harry Potter books, and one of the wealthiest woman in the world. Starring: Poppy Montgomery, Emily Holmes Runtime: 1 hour 26 minutes Buy with 1 click The Book Thief To everyone's excitement, Geoffrey Rush and Emily Watson star in this moving film based on the bestseller about a girl who changes the lives of those around her in World War II Germany. Starring: Emily Watson, Geoffrey Rush Runtime: 2 hours 11 minutes Buy with 1 click \n Answer: On the website.",
            "output": [
                "Where can the passage be found?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-557f75446d2f4ca391671adda1ac3af3",
            "input": "Article: I was going to die in Antarctica, I was certain. A picture of my frost-covered body, pale and lifeless, filled my mind as I glanced around. In all directions spreads the empty wilderness of Antarctica, the only feature being the division between snow and sky. I sadly stared at my team, who were rapidly disappearing from my sight. It happened in the year 2009 when I was head of an adventure attempting to reach the South Pole. The team was made up of ordinary women from all around the world--from Jamaica, India, Singapore and Cyprus--many of whom had never seen snow, or spent a night in a tent, before we set off. Our aim was to be the most international all-female team to reach the South Pole. By the time I realized that my sledge was firmly stuck, the team were already a long way ahead of me. I called out to Era, my teammate from Brunei, who was next in line. Getting no response, I called again, but my shouts were carried away in the opposite direction by the wind. I had stood and watched the line for a while as it marched away from me, confident that at any moment one of my teammates would look behind her. Seconds passed. Nothing. I was gradually being left alone. I pushed my sledge again, my strength suddenly increased when I thought of a cold, lonely death. This time the sledge moved a little. I kicked at the ice with my ski-pole and boot, desperately trying to break the sledge free and pushed again. The sledge shot forward, knocking me off balance. I struggled to my feet and set off after the team. I caught up just as they realized I wasn't there. As we continued, my panic slowly faded. I found myself laughing to myself as I noticed Reena checking behind her every few paces. In fact for the whole of the rest of the day each member of the team glanced over her shoulder every few minutes. They were not going to risk losing me again. \n Answer: The strong desire to live on.",
            "output": [
                "What made it possible for the author to get her sledge out of the ice?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c57f7bd3a01d438dbebb1354f74e5c14",
            "input": "Article: Babies understand what their mothers say, even when they speak a language their children have never heard before, scientists claim. The researchers found that one-year-olds reacted in exactly same way to their mothers' voices regardless of whether they were speaking English or Greek, showing what mothers have long known - that babies pick up on tone of voice rather than the words themselves. The researchers, from Cardiff University's School of Psychology, observed babies as they watched their mothers perform actions with toys using the English words \"whoops\" and \"there\". The scientists studied reactions from one-year-old babies to their mums' voices even when they were speaking both English and Greek, and keeping the same tone of voice. The academics found that babies reproduced the same reactions regardless of whether they knew the language. Study leader Dr Merideth Gattis of Cardiff University's School of Psychology says, \"What this work showed was that children could have access to understanding simply through tone of voice. We did 'whoops' and 'there' in two languages and got exactly the same results.\" The research, published in the journal Cognitive Development, was conducted on 84 babies aged between 14 and 18 months, over the course of a year, with none of the babies having any previous exposure to Greek. Dr Gattis says that children respond to tone clues in their parents' voices from an early age. She says, \"Tone of voice is a really useful signal of what someone is thinking. We never have direct access to other people's minds, except the signals in language that they give out.\" She says the study shows that it is less important what parents say than how they say it. Dr Gattis adds, \"A child may ask if you like his / her drawing, for example. You might say yes, but if you don't sound enthusiastic, the meaning may not get across.\" Before children begin to speak, parents should use exaggerated tone when speaking to them. \n Answer: Babies pick up on tone of voice.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, what have mothers long-known?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3a5f494c54cb482f8cd0237baa4b6bf5",
            "input": "Article: Reducing the amount of sleep students get at night has a direct impact on their performance at school during the day. According to classroom teachers, elementary and middle school students who stay up late exhibit more learning and attention problems. This has been shown by Brown Medical School and prefix = st1 /BradleyHospitalresearch. In the study, teachers were not told the amount of sleep students received when completing weekly performance reports, yet they rated the students who had received eight hours or less as having the most trouble recalling all the material, learning new lessons and completing high - quality work. Teachers also reported that these students had more difficulty paying attention. The experiment is the first to ask teachers to report on the effects of sleep deficiency in children. Just staying up late can cause increased academic difficulty and attention problems for otherwise healthy, well - functioning kids, said Garharn Forlone, the study's lead author. So the results provide professionals and parents with a clear message: when a child is having learning and attention problems, the issue of sleep has to be taken into consideration. \"If we don't ask about sleep, and try to improve sleep patterns in kids' struggling academically, then we aren't doing our job\", Forlone said. For parents, he said, the message is simple, \"getting kids to bed on time is as important as getting them to school on time.\" \n Answer: Ask students to complete a sleep report",
            "output": [
                "What were teachers told to do in the experiment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8629779987fa49be96019275e6e9d176",
            "input": "Article: It was a beautiful Sunday morning, and Maggie and I were returning from our walk through the woods.We were only a couple of blocks from home when I spotted a cell phone and a credit card sitting on the road.We took them home.We always find amazing things on the street and she looks upon them as a movable feast-a chicken wing here or a barbecue rib  there. I found another cell phone a few years back, too, and called a number in its phone book.I explained the situation to the guy who answered.He said it was his sister's and that he'd come to pick it up, which he did. And that was that.No verbal thank-you, no written thank-you, no \"here's a box of chocolates\" thank-you. I didn't have time to call anyone on my latest found cell phone.I was pouring myself coffee when it started to shake and dance across the kitchen counter. \"Who's this?\" someone asked when I picked up. \"Who's this?\" I countered .\"Sarah?\" She was surprised at my knowing her name until she realized her name was on the credit card.\"Could you send them to me?\" she asked. She lives in Arlington, which is 2 miles from my house. \"Hmm, no, \"I replied, adding that I thought she could come to get them, and that if I wasn't at home, they would be in my mailbox. A day later, when I was out for a run, someone got them back.There wasn't even a piece of paper put in the mailbox with \"Thanks\" on it.In this age of e-mail and cell phone, there's really no excuse.Years ago, I found something more precious than a $100 bill on the street:a driver's license.I saw  that its owner lived a couple of blocks from me, so I called him up.He asked whether I could slip the license through his front door. \"I guess I could, \"I replied. And that was that. \n Answer: Master and pet dog",
            "output": [
                "What is the relationship between Maggie and the writer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a884865daee64de281afc7d3f2619908",
            "input": "Article: The card using a built-in voice-recognition chip requires users to give a spoken password that it recognizes. The idea is to prevent thieves from using a stolen card to buy goods online.  A model built by engineers in California packs a microphone, a loudspeaker, a battery and a voice-recognition chip into a standard-sized credit card. The card is the length and width of an ordinary credit card but about three times as thick. The company now plans to make it thinner.  The voice card is based on an earlier Beep card technology designed to prevent fraud in online deals. The Beep card has no microphone, but has a built-in loudspeaker to utter an audible   ID signal by a computer's microphone to an online server . By confirming that signal matches the information in the card, the server can make sure that the user is not simply keying in a credit card number but actually has the card in his hand. The ID code, which only the server knows, changes each time the card is used.  This prevents fraudsters recording the beeps, noting the card details and then playing back the audible ID when they key in the details later. But this earlier Beep card technology cannot prevent illegal use of stolen cards. The new voice card can. The new voice card doesn't identify itself by its ID until it has confirmed the real user's spoken password. Thieves will be unable to use the card because even if they knew the password they would have to be able to copy the owner's voice with a high degree of accuracy. The challenge for Beep card has been to develop voice-recognition and audio circuitry .  The voice-recognition credit is powered by a mini battery. To extend batter life, the electronics have only to be switched on when the card is being used. Pressing a button on the card's surface allows one to hear a female voice saying, \"Say your password.\" If the voice-recognition software proves that the password is real, it sends its ID, which the server then identifies, allowing the deal to continue. \n Answer: It makes fraud more difficult.",
            "output": [
                "Why is the voice credit an important innovation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-adf669fba5cd4b61a7c1c8f15e1d082d",
            "input": "Article: It was August 2nd,1927.The news had spread fast.A man named Ralph Peer was coming to the city of Bristol.He wanted to make recordings of local people singing and playing musical instruments.And he said he would pay fifty dollars for each song recorded.That was a lot of money in those days.Many people came to Bristol that day to play for Mr.Peer.But one group seemed to have just the sound that he was looking for.They were a man named A.P.Carter,his wife Sara,and her cousin Maybelle.They called themselves the Carter Family. Their first recordings were sent to radio stations throughout the United States.Many listeners were surprised at what they heard.Instead of classical or jazz songs that radio stations usually played,a new sound was born.The Carter Family sounded different.They did not sound as if they had taken music lessons.But it did not matter.The people in poor rural areas thought they sounded just like their neighbors. The Carters sang songs about living in the mountains of Virginia,Tennessee,and North Carolina.They sang about the love of a young man for a special girl.They sang about the beauty of nature.They sang about death and sadness.And they sang religious songs that told of the hope for a better life after death. A.P.Carter sang in the group and also searched for new songs.He often traveled long distances to small towns in the southeastern United States.He wanted to hear the songs that local people sang in their communities.He wrote down the words but kept the music in his memory.When he returned home,he helped Sara and Maybelle fit them to the Carter Family musical style. The Carter Family soon became famous.They recorded more songs.They traveled to many cities and towns in the eastern United States to perform.Thousands of people heard them sing and bought their recordings.Some people estimate that within three years,the Carter Family sold three hundred thousand recordings. \n Answer: A family singing in a group.",
            "output": [
                "What does this passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3cfc30a0b3b14f42b9e6a05ba07b0781",
            "input": "Article: Water runs downhill from mountaintops to streams to rivers to oceans. But downhill isn't the only way that water moves .A new study measures how water travels from country to country for human consumption. This flow isn't the type we usually think about .These scientists looked at the water used to grow and make the products which get shipped from nation to nation as imports or exports. They call this a flow of\"virtual water \". We typically think about water as the liquid that flows from a tap. However,92%of the water used by people goes into growing crops,according to water researcher Arjen Hoekstra. He recently studied the hidden travels of virtual water used in products made from things like crops and meats .These products are shipped around the world. For example.consider a sugary soft drink. Hoekstra estimated that to produce one half-liter of the drink requires between 170 and 310litersofthewater--about 95%--is used to grow and process the ingredients .Another 4%goes into the packaging and labeling. In Hoekstra's calculation, when one country produces a half-liter of soda and sells it abroad,it exports as much virtual water as would fill a large refrigerator. According to Hoekstra's new report,dry countries like Israel and Kuwait,both in the Middle East, get the majority of their virtual water from other countries,through imported products. More surprisingly, some wetter countries,like the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, also get the majority of their virtual water from other places. That means that most of the water used to grow or produce the products and food consumed in those countries came from other countries. In the United States most of the virtual water used comes from American sources .In China even less of the water associated with its products \n Answer: Water's worldwide travels",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f74711cecca44d29996aa7e5b0bf9fc3",
            "input": "Article: Personal money-management website Mint.com suggests recently that responsible parents should give their kids credit cards--possibly starting as young as middle school. The website says a credit card will help children master responsible spending habits and give parents the chance to teach them some valuable lessons. It's absolutely true that kids should learn about how a credit card works and how to use it responsibly. But the idea that they need a card of their own to practise this is questionable. Yes, credit cards are a teaching tool, but it's the time you spend educating them about money management that does the teaching, not the piece of plastic. Sit down with your child--here we are referring to teens and walk them through your credit card statements. Point out important things like the due date, late fee warning, and APR  . If you have good credit, adding a child as an authorized user onto one of your credit cards also provides teachable moments. Allow kids to use the card to make specific purchases and require their participation in payment. Since the card is still in your name, you can take them off it at any point and cut off their access if they're not able to handle the responsibility. Another option is to set them up with an account at a local bank that offers free use of a debit card  . Unlike credit card, the debit card has no overdraft   function. Children can only use the card to pay for things and the money is taken directly from their bank account. If the account is empty, the worst that will happen is the card being declined at a cash register. \n Answer: To help their kids form good spending habits.",
            "output": [
                "Why does Mint.com advise parents to give middle school kids credit cards?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fc74fcc4f76a47ab8f8514b668724a65",
            "input": "Article: Just before midnight, six University of Cincinnati students were watching TV in an on-campus apartment when three men burst through the door. While one of the intruders pointed a gun at the group, the other two scooped up $4,400 worth of laptops, cell phones, video games and cash. Once they had what they wanted, the trio fled into the night. Furious, the students chased down and tackled one of the burglars -- the one with the gun. In the struggle, it went off, and a bullet grazed a student's leg. His friends piled on the gunman and held him until police showed up. By the next day, the injured young man was back in his apartment, and the suspect was in jail, charged with burglary, felonious assault and receiving stolen property. But how did the men manage to storm into an on-campus residence that November night in the first place? Simple: Students told police the building's main doors hadn't latched properly for days. As parents confront ballooning college costs and shrinking acceptance rates, they are finding themselves with an even bigger, more basic problem: Which campuses are safe? Colleges seem like idyllic and secure places, and for the most part, they are. But ivy-covered walls can't keep out every bad element. This country's 6,000 colleges and universities report some 40,000 burglaries, 3,700 forcible sex offenses, 7,000 aggravated assaults and 48 murders a year. Other hazards -- fires, binge-drinking, mental-health problems -- are also on the rise. Of course, that's not what parents and students see on America's serene campuses. There's a false sense of security, says Harry Nolan, a safety consultant in New York City. \"Students see guards patrolling at night or a video camera monitoring the dorm entrance and think, nothing bad can happen to me,\" he explains. \"People don't know that safety controls are often very lax.\" \n Answer: They ran after the burglars at once.",
            "output": [
                "What did the students do after the burglars fled into the night?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-07d89093b70d44d1a26d729a913c58d8",
            "input": "Article: The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruits and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very _ diet, say that when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special provisions to supply the missing vitamins. An example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as \"beri-beri\", which used to make large numbers of Eastern people who lived mainly on rice suffer. In the early years of last century, a Dutch scientist named Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beri-beri. At first he thought it was transmitted by a germ   . He was working in a Japanese hospital, where the patients were fed on polished rice which had had the outer coverings removed from the grain, it was thought this would be easier for weak and sick people to digest. Eijkman thought his germ theory was proved when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard, which were fed on remains from the patients' plates, were also showing signs of the disease. He then tried to separate the germ, which he thought was causing the disease, but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who ordered that the rice without coverings, even though left over by the patients, was too good for chickens. It should be recooked for the patients, and the chickens should be fed on cheap, rough rice with the outer coverings still on the grain. Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that eating unmilled rice   somehow prevented or cured beri-beri--even that a lack of some ingredient   in the coverings may be the cause of the disease. Indeed this was the case. The element needed to prevent beri-beri was shortly afterwards separated from rice coverings and is now known as vitamin B. The milled rice, though more expensive, was in fact causing the disease the hospital was trying to cure. Nowadays, this terrible disease is much less common thanks to our knowledge of vitamins. \n Answer: It resulted from lack of vitamins.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the disease beri-beri?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad49fed2cd984850ba9b19d9a776c2fd",
            "input": "Article: You love Jay Chou's songs and you can sing some quite well. So you make a video of your performance and post it online for your friends to see. But what if this led to something beyond your wildest imagination--a career in music? Canadian teenager Justin Bieber, 16, has just had the magical experience: He posted homemade videos of his versions of songs by American singer Chris Brown online for his relatives. He received a phone call from Brown, telling him how much he liked his performance. His singing eventually earned him a fan base and a record contract. After releasing a popular record in November 2009, his album My world 2.0 came out last Tuesday. Bieber sings ballads and songs about puppy love. But is he just another gooey   teen idol? David Malitz, a columnist with the Washington Post, doesn't think so. \"If we truly want the best forAmerican children, let us pause and give thanks for Justin Bieber,\" he writes. \"After years of humdrum bubblegum   from Miley Cyrus and the Jonas Brothers, the 16yearold has thrown a candycoated wrench   into Disney's heartthrob   assembly line by giving young fans something worth screaming their lungs out for lovable pop songs.\" From a boy who grew up below the poverty line with his divorced mom to a star who caused nearriots   in shopping malls, even Bieber himself can't believe his overnight fame, although his kind of success is becoming more and more common in the Internet era. Interested in hockey, the national sport of Canada, the boy once put up pictures of players on the walls of his bedroom. He dreamed of being a hockey star and used to practice signing his autograph. He doesn't need practice now. He signs autographs, if the girls can get close enough, as a music star. \n Answer: He liked it very much.",
            "output": [
                "What did Chris Brown think of Justin Bieber's singing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-adad7e32327d48448a9d0795bacd8b94",
            "input": "Article: Harvard University in the United States has been ranked as the university with the best \"reputation\" in the world. The Times Higher Education magazine has listed 200 top universities all over the world based on how they are regarded by a group of international college teachers. That is to say the list measures how universities are regarded, rather than how they actually performed. A subjective, word-of-mouth quality such as \"reputation\" has genuine economic value for universities, said Simon Marginson, professor of higher education at the University of Melbourne in Australia. \"Reputation is not just an impression, though it might be not as reliable as performance by objective indicators ,\" said Prof Marginson. Based on the views of 13,000 college teachers around the world, it confirms the power of the big US universities, which _ this list. Seven of the top 10 are US universities, headed by Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Furthermore, 14 of the top 20 are from the US. Cambridge is the highest ranking UK university in the list, in third place, with Oxford ranked as sixth. For students applying to university, reputation might be hard to quantify, but was an important part of the attractiveness, said the president of Cambridge University's students' union, Rahul Mansigani. \"Reputation makes a huge difference. If there is an idea that somewhere is great, it will get lots of good people applying whether it's true or not. Factors such as a sense of history and the presence of outstanding college teachers were part of the reputation of Cambridge,\" he said. \n Answer: Reputation affects students' decisions when choosing universities.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8eabdcf878614b48a44bd9434f3f3d2a",
            "input": "Article: SAN FRANCISCO--The \"Reading Wizard\", an 11 - year - old - boy, whose offer to read to children without being paid at a local library was refused by libraries, will get to read to younger kids after all. Mayor Willie Brown last Wednesday ordered San Francisco Public Library officials to allow John O'Connor to read to preschool children to get them interested in books and stop them from watching television and video games. \"I didn't expect this kind of attention. \" John said, \"It's just shocking.\" John has chosen his first book, \"The King's Giraffe\", and made up fliers inviting neighborhood children, aged from three to six, to the Presidio Branch every Wednesday afternoon. He planned to call himself the \"Reading Wizard\" and wear a special hat, fake glasses and a black coat. But his idea was refused - on the phone, in person and finally with a letter from Toni Bernardi, the chief of the library's children and youth services. Using terms like \"age appropriate material\" ,she wrote that only library workers are allowed to read to children. John then went to a member of the city board of supervisors , who advised him to write letters to the library officials. \"Our libraries are supposed to turn kids on, not to turn them off.\" Brown said he enjoyed \"the creative idea, the sense of civic duty and the caring for others that John clearly showed us.\" \n Answer: Toni Bernardi.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the \"Reading Wizard\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c941546e13794657a698a72e86b79626",
            "input": "Article: If the rose can be said to be a special flower, then the apple can be said to be a special fruit. It is very important in American culture. American stories speak of Johnny Appleseed, who went throughout America collecting apple seeds and planting apple trees. He had a great love for nature and went through fields and farms adding richness and beauty to the country. One of the first sayings taught to school children is, \"An apple a day keeps the doctor away.\" This short saying encourages children to eat fresh fruit to keep healthy. If someone always says good words to a person, people will call him an _ . This, however, is not a good name. If someone is very dear to us, we say that he or she is the \"apple of our eye\". Most people believe that the fruit which Eve gave to Adam was an apple, even though the Bible  never says so. The apple, therefore, is a deep part of the language and stories of America. An apple is also delicious. Apples can be cooked in many ways, used as a dessert   , and made into sweet juice. In many parts of the country during the harvest season, a popular activity is to go into an apple garden to pick apples. Washington, D. C. and New York are both famous for their apples. Finally, when it's time to take a vacation to American cities, one can always visit New York, which is \"the biggest apple\" of all the American cities. \n Answer: He collected apple seeds and planted apple trees.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Johnny Appleseed so famous?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a0c848e8168b4ab2ba066a39307d4ce1",
            "input": "Article: International teams have spent nearly half a year looking for evidence of the missing Malaysian Airlines plane, a search that includes the hunt for the aircraft's so-called black box, which holds flight data that would likely explain what caused MH370 to move away from its course. But many aviation experts wonder why, in our increasingly networked world, divers are searching the Indian Ocean for a metal box when technology already exists that would enable planes to stream black box data to the ground in the event of an emergency. Black boxes have been on planes since the late 1950s, and now every commercial aircraft has two: a flight data recorder and a voice recorder. (Although they are referred to as black boxes, they are typically orange in color, making them easier to spot in waters.) Black box recorders are mainly used to investigate the cause of in-flight accidents. While black boxes are built to survive a crash and long-term submersion in water, it can be a real challenge to find the device if a plane has gone down in the ocean. While each box contains a beacon , the unit only has enough battery power to transmit a signal for 30 days. After the crash of Air France Flight 447 in the Atlantic Ocean in June 2009, it took divers two years to find the black box. Pierre Jeanniot, a Canadian engineer who helped perfect black box technology about 40 years ago, feels that the device, in its current form, is \" _ \". He started to question its effectiveness more than a decade ago, after seeing the broken pieces of the black boxes in the 2001 attacks on the World Trade towers in New York. Jeanniot is now on the advisory board of a Toronto-based firm that has built a live-streamed black box system. When a plane experiences an irregular event, the system can send streaming data off the aircraft to one of the satellites and then down to ground-based servers, where the message is interpreted and sent to the airline. It seems necessary that the loss of MH370 and other similar cases wake more people up to the fact that the tools being used at this stage are inadequate for dealing with emergency situations, Jeanniot says. He also estimates that if this technology had been on board the missing Malaysian Airlines flight and live-streaming for the estimated seven hours after the flight first experienced a problem, it would have cost about $3,000. While there is widespread approval of a live-streamed black box system, most airlines see its cost prohibitive. The airline industry is an industry with small profits, and is reluctant to add costs that will further cut the bottom line. However, given how much time, money and effort has been spent on the luckless search for MH370, s black box, the cost of operating a live-streaming version seems like a trifle \n Answer: It's necessary for people to wake up to the weaknesses of the black box",
            "output": [
                "Which fact is mentioned to support aviation experts' doubt about the effectiveness of the black box?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-643274320bde43ed8d62d862ff2279ef",
            "input": "Article: Richard Rodriguez from the United States is a great roller coaster fan. Recently he broke his 15th world record after he spent 104 days riding the world's largest roller coaster. \"It got more difficult to ride and ride because of the muscle tiredness,\" Rodriguez, a teacher at the University of Chicago, said as he stepped down from the ride in a German park. He spent 10 hours a day on the roller coaster. Rodriguez tried to keep himself busy during the rides on the big roller coaster in a southwestern town in Germany. \"I read the newspapers...I have a walkman, I have my cellphone, so I try to talk to people and message people during the day,\" he said. Although the 42yearold said he felt sick on the first few days, he said he soon got over the problem. \"My face hurts sharply and I have a little backache, but I am good.\" The \"Expedition GeForce\" is one of the world's biggest roller coasters. It measures 62 meters at its highest point. On his 95th day on the coaster, after travelling over 25,000 kilometers, Rodriguez had a toothache and was treated by a local dentist. He went on after that and succeeded in breaking the record. Rodriguez celebrated with members of the park staff and his supporters, who had sent him postcards and emails encouraging him not to give up. \n Answer: It is in a German town.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Expedition GeForce?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1840cb2f373642c5a36333297e92ff38",
            "input": "Article: Scientists can determine someone's favorite food from their shape. They have discovered that the arrangement  of taste buds  on the tongue varies for different body types. The scientist team examined 1,000 British adults and divided them into three physiologically  recognized body types--ectomorphs, endomorphs mesomorphs. They determined that a person's body type indicated  where they were likely to have the most taste buds - on the sweet, bitter or salty areas of their tongues.  The study showed that ectomorphs, who make up one in three of the population, usually have a small delicate shape, have a sweet tooth but hate bitter foods. Mesomorphs, who make up 20percent of the population, usually have a muscular shape and prefer salty and bitter foods but dislike sweet foods. Half the British population are endomorphs with soft, rounded bodies, and they like most foods. The findings showed that for two in three people food preference was a physiological rather than a psychological choice.   Body shape expert Simon Bradshaw, who takes change of his team, said, \"It appears that simply by looking at a person's body shape we can make sure about their taste preferences.\" But Catherine Collins, of the British Dietetic Association said, \"It is difficult to tell whether our body shape dictates the food we like, or the food we like dictates body shape. _ people who prefer most types of foods will be fatter and people who are the endomorph shape tend to  find it more difficult to lose weight.\" \n Answer: Ectomorphs don't like bitter foods.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-39c66e9b288344838469a0a759cb6e37",
            "input": "Article: At times we all get angry when we are driving. It might be because we are stuck in a traffic jam or stuck behind a very slow driver. It might be because we think another driver has done something very stupid and dangerous. Whatever the reason, it seems that getting angry in a car is something which happens more and more often and there is now a special term for it \"road rage\". Some experts even think that road rage is a kind of mental illness! How can we recognize this \"illness\" of road rage? There are two kinds of road rage: aggressive driving and aggressive reactions to the way other people are driving. Aggressive driving can take different forms: *Driving much faster than the speed limit. *Increasing your speed very quickly. *Driving very close behind the car in front and sounding the horn or flashing the headlights. *Changing lanes very suddenly and blocking another car. *Moving into a parking space where another car is trying to park. There are also different reactions to the way other people are driving. These include: *Making rude signs at people. *Shouting at people and threatening them. *Deliberately driving into another person's car. *Hitting somebody. *Using a weapon such as a baseball bat, or even a gun or a knife. Road rage is certainly not a joke. There have been incidents of road rage which have led to serious injuries and even murder. Experts think that one reason for road rage is that films show a lot of examples of fast and aggressive driving such as car chases where this kind of driving seems to be positive. Experts also think that the punishments for dangerous driving are not serious enough. Experience shows that driving problems can be controlled, but it takes a long time. In the UK in the last 30 years, the police have been quite successful in reducing the number of people who drink and drive. They are now working to stop people using mobile phones when they are driving. Let's hope they can have the same success with the road rage. \n Answer: Drinking and driving",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements does NOT describe aggressive     driving?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4aaa1c702cab4980bacbe92baaf1f959",
            "input": "Article: Here in the Northeast, winter means coats and sweaters. And that means plenty of pockets for our growing stock of digital things. Summer, in fact, is a pocket-free zone. No pockets in T-shirts. No pockets in gym shorts. Those few pockets that can be used quickly become full of things. Mobile phone, PDA, MP3 player or CD player, digital camera -- it's enough to make your pants torn as you walk down on the stairs or through the parking lot. Attempts have been made to help these things, but without success. One way is to put them to your belt. A mobile phone often goes this way and it's easy for you to make a phone, but it gathered to your belt, so it becomes a little unpleasant when you sit. Another way is to carry a bag to put all these things into it, but it troubles when you use them.  Designers have been puzzling over this problem for a while and one company has come up with a possible solution. Called the Scott e-Vest, it is a lightweight vest with more than a dozen pockets. Wearers have a lot of room for mobile phones, PDAs, CD players and much more. Better yet, built-in wiring system called PAN, for \"personal area network\" allows wearers to use their things in addition to carrying them about.  Connect the mobile phone to the PAN, for example, you can answer a phone call by putting in your earpiece and pressing a button through the vest's fabric . At the same time, the wiring system keeps the headphones for your CD player in place and ready for instant use. Besides these things, the vest has pockets for keys, a pen and even a \"cup holder\" pocket for drinks. At about $160, the Scott e-Vest is not cheap. Finally, our growing pile of things will get smaller and fewer as they merge. Until then, a vest-like coat that keeps our things a accessible might be the perfect carrying case. \n Answer: The Scott e-vest is more practical than the traditional clothes in carrying things.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following sentences isn't true according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-86afec636b704db095f4b5599bed8ad4",
            "input": "Article: As summer comes near, many children are really happy to forget about school for a few months. However, they might be taking that goal too seriously. Studies have found that children often forget between one and three months' worth of school learning during the summer months. Spelling and math abilities drop off the most, while reading is not really influenced by the time off. The main reason for this is because most children sometimes read outside of the classroom, whether newspapers, magazines, books, or video game guides. However, their math and spelling skills only get exercised in the school setting. The first purpose of summer holidays was to let farm children have time off to help work in the fields during the growing season, but this reason is no longer a good one since fewer kids actually work on farms today. Some cities in the United States, such as Los Angeles, have moved to a year-round school timetable, which may help reduce the loss of school skills that happens during the long summer holiday. To improve skills and to keep a good level of preparation, headmasters suggest trips to museums, summer camps, holidays with educational value, and visits to libraries to keep kids interested throughout the summer. There are other educational systems that provide holidays while still keeping students' skills up to date. For example, in Japan, students attend class for seven weeks in a row, followed by two weeks of holiday. This continues the whole year. In Italy, students attend class six days per week, but finish at 1: 30 pm each day, so that school does not run their life the way that it does in America, where students attend high school from 7: 45 am until 3: 00 pm each weekday. In areas where there are not enough classrooms--in Afghanistan or Somalia, for example--older students attend classes in the morning while the younger kids go to school in the afternoon. Headmasters fear that the three-month summer holiday stops the flow of learning. Just as students become used to new math problems or new ideas in reading, writing, or thinking skills, they \" _ \" during the summer holiday. When they go back to school after the long summer holiday, they take up to two months to return to their previous   level of skill. So the debate continues: whether to continue holidays or to make changes based on the Los Angeles or the Japanese models. \n Answer: Math and spelling.",
            "output": [
                "Which skills suffer the most over the summer holidays?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-56f4e31d6c3343408a7a1e271eba4257",
            "input": "Article: An interesting study posted on Facebook recently shows how men and women develop new interests as they mature . While women tend to take exercise seriously from the age of 34, men will wait until their 45th birthdays before working hard to get in shape. The average woman spends more time talking about sports, politics, career and money as she gets older. Women's interest in books reaches its peak  at the age of 22, while that of men does so when they are in their 50s. Men start to change their focus from the workplace to other things after age 30, while women do not do so until eight years later. Both, however, care most about fashion at age 16. The research used anonymous  data donated by thousands of Facebook users, recording the statuses, 'likes' and 'interests' they had posted on their profiles. It found the average woman talks about television most at 44, while men peak much younger, at age 31. Men are also most likely to see a film in a cinema at age 31, while women go out to see films most when they are only 19. Men are most interested in travel at 29, women at 27, while women talk most about food and drink at 35, and men at 38. And if you are middle aged, a safe topic for any audience is the weather, which is a key interest for many as they approach 60. Stephen Wolfram, the British scientist who carried out the research, says, \"It's almost shocking how much this tells us about the changes of people's typical interests. \"People talk less about video games as they get older, and more about politics.\" \n Answer: At the age of 22.",
            "output": [
                "When do women love books best?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d17ff9c09ad94abf8bf0b6f1dfd6bc1e",
            "input": "Article: Advantages and Disadvantages of Mobile Phones Nowadays, nearly everyone has a mobile phone. In our daily lives we make phone calls to others, and we need to send messages to exchange information. Now, you can surf the Internet by using your mobile phone. I have to say that I enjoy using my phone, but I am worried at the same time: Is it healthy and safe to use? Mobile phones have many advantages. Firstly, we keep in touch with people by using them. Because of our busy life, we have little time to meet friends and our beloved ones. Thanks to mobile phones, we can tell them how everything is going. When an _ happens, we can call for help using our phones. It is convenient and important in our lives. But every coin has two sides and it is the same with mobile phones. As people are used to making phone calls, they are spending less and less time with their family and friends. Phones give them more excuses to stay out of reach. Because of the convenience, the love and care between people has changed into a few words in a message or a phone call. For students, there are more chances to get distracted  from their lessons. When I was in middle school, I often looked out of the window to rest my eyes, but now I spend those moments on my phone. In the end, I hope you can think about the advantages and the disadvantages, and use your mobile phone correctly. We humans created mobile phones, and we should keep them under control. \n Answer: Writing letters.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following ways of expressing love and care is NOT mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e2a7ebab12c4dc99b19945c746d40d4",
            "input": "Article: Chicken soup has long been a comfort food for people with cold symptoms. Whether the remedy  comes from the warmth and comfort of the soup or from actual cold-fighting ingredients  in the meal, it is still up for debate. Chicken Soup: Just the Evidence  _ The heat, salt, and hydration provided by chicken soup may actually fight the cold virus. Laboratory studies have shown that ingredients of chicken soup with vegetables could kill viral cells and prevent the growth of new ones. The soup may also provide an anti-inflammatory  effect that helps reduce cold symptoms. Unfortunately, the benefits of chicken soup appear to be limited by how quickly the soup leaves the body. There is no indication that chicken soup would help in the prevention of colds, but its use as a remedy for symptoms is common. It is largely a safe remedy  with no ill side effects, and scientific evidence points more in favor of its cold-fighting properties  than against it. The Downside of Chicken Soup Evidence in support of chicken soup's antiviral properties is not yet solid enough to prove true, reliable medicinal effects. Although the evidence based on personal experiences and existing research seem to support a good effect of chicken soup, a clinical trial would be very difficult to perform. In addition, some people with food allergies  or sensitivities to salt may experience ill side effects from chicken soup. Unbroken bones may also lead to a chocking risk, particularly for children. However, the potential benefits of chicken soup seem to far outweigh the possible risks. \n Answer: It surely has medicinal effects on colds.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about chicken soup?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cb8cfd43ae62462d878b0659540eae5f",
            "input": "Article: Many of Chinese students who have learnt English for more than ten years are still unable to speak English fluently when they meet a foreigner. They seem to have mastered the basic language structure, but a conversation in English will make them feel uneasy. They are afraid that other people might find out their mistakes. It is not uncommon that many students, who are bad speakers of English, can write English perfectly. This proves that they are not unable to organize their idea in English. The center of the problem is that they don't have enough practices and confidence. Why should you be afraid? Do you fear those foreigners to whom you are speaking? Don't be shy. They will not laugh at you just for a little mistake you make. The best to _ this trouble is to learn to speak by speaking more. I am sure that more practice will help you to succeed. \n Answer: Practice speaking English",
            "output": [
                "What's the best topic for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-afa73a62b39c4da981612c94bb4ad23f",
            "input": "Article: Babies who are slow to gain weight in the first months of their lives generally catch up to their peers by age 13,a large UK study shows, Researchers said the results would make parents whose babies fail to put on weight quickly less worried. The researchers looked at data from ,11,499 children who took part in a large study, It showed that 507 who were slow to gain weight in the first eight weeks of life recovered fairly quickly and had almost caught up by age 2. Another group of 480 who were slow to gain between eight weeks and nine months continued to put on weight slowly until they were seven years ,but then had a sudden increase and caught up by age 13, The different pattems of recovery between the two groups were likely due to different reasons for slow weight gain ,the researchers said, All the children were still lighter and shorter than their peers by the time they were teenagers ,but within the normal range. The findings highlight the importance of monitoring a baby's weight and height gain during the first few weeks and months ,but not creating anxiety with parents of slow-growing babies, said the study leader Prof Alan Emond from the University of Bristol. \"In the past, a lot of parents have been caused unnecessary anxiety by heaith professionals and this is a positive and _ message.\"He said in many cases of slow growth where children do not follow the standard'curve' it is just because they are following their genetic potential. Dr Simon Newell, vice-president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said he broadly agreed with the concluslons of the researchers but stressed that poor weight gain was something that needed to be monitored closely, \"I would encourage parents to use growth charts but if measurements show your baby is smaller than averager it may be completely normal, \"he said. \n Answer: The findings won't cause parents' anxiety so monitoring a baby's growth from his/her birth is unnecessary",
            "output": [
                "What can we know from the findings of the research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a0b693d25f3e416bbaf1c0cf0e946fde",
            "input": "Article: Why College Is Not Home The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy  and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today's students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities. For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a _ from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves \"trying on \" new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually  and personally. While we should provide \"safe spaces\" within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning. Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community  differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community. Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined  and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged. It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent's desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth. Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery. \n Answer: Disapproving",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b5d1a784500f4d68b3d01cc7cba2f9ad",
            "input": "Article: by J. Courtney Sullivan, fiction, $26 The Kellehers are a big, disorderly family who sometimes seem to have only one thing in common: love for their beach house in Maine. Lie there with this novel and listen to a summer's worth of secrets, quarrels, and misunderstandings. WHAT I LEARNED WHEN I ALMOST DIED by Chris Licht, nonfiction, $23 The energetic co-creator of MSNBC's \"Morning Joe\" was unprepared for the pain, fear, and helplessness he felt after suffering a brain bleed. But as he detailed in this outspoken, thoughtful book, the lessons he took from the event surprised him the most. FIRE AND RAIN by David Browne, nonfiction, $26 This book transports you back to a year -- the 1970 of Apollo 13, the first Earth Day -- and the turning point of albums by the Beatles, James Taylor, and Crosby, Stills and Nash that provided the sound for a new decade. Rolling Stone contributing editor Browne artfully describes the creation of these classic songs. LONG DRIVE HOME by Will Allison, fiction, $22 A moment of anger has life-and-death consequences in this beautifully written novel. Being angry with a speeding teenage driver, Dad Glen Bauer makes a turn of his car in response, causing an accident in which the other driver dies. It's a story about guilt, responsibility, and how mistrust can tear a loving family apart. JESSICA LOST by Bunny Crumpacker and J.S. Picariello, memoir  ,$25 Two authors -- a woman who gave up a baby for adoption and the child herself -- write alternating chapters in this memoir, which takes readers on a 50-year journey through their separate lives, their meeting, and their following relationship. Its account is both original and heartbreaking. \n Answer: LONG DRIVE HOME is written in the first person.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TURE according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7fe874db1f2347b2a0857af526f3cb02",
            "input": "Article: After Mom died, l began visiting Dad every morning before I went to work. He was frail and moved slowly, but he always had a glass of freshly squeezed orange juice on the kitchen table for me, along with an unsigned note reading,\" Drink your juice.\" Such a gesture, l knew, was as far as Dad had ever been able to go in expressing his love. In fact, l remember, as a kid I had questioned Mom \"Why doesn't Dad love me?\" Mom frowned, \"Who said he doesn't love you?\" \"Well, he never tells me, \"I complained.\" He never tells me either,\" she said, smiling. \" But look how hard he works to take care of us, to buy us food and clothes, and to pay for this house. That's how your father tells us he loves us. \" I nodded slowly. I understood in my head, but not in my heart. l still wanted my father to put his arms around me and tell me he loved me. Dad owned and operated a small scrap   metal business, and after school I often hung around while he worked. Dad handled scrap steel into a device that chopped it as cleanly as a butcher chops a rack of ribs. The machine looked like a giant pair of scissors, with blades thicker than my father's body. If he didn't feed those terrifying blades just right, he risked serious injury. \"Why don' t you hire someone to do that for you?\" Mom asked Dad one night as she bent over him and rubbed his aching shoulders with a strong smelling liniment. \"Why don't you hire a cook?\" Dad asked, giving her one of his rare smiles. Many years later, during my first daily visit, after drinking the juice my father had squeezed for me. l walked over, hugged him and said, \"I love you, Dad.\" From then on I did this every morning. My father never told me how he felt about my hugs, and there was never any expression on his face when I gave them. \n Answer: Silent fatherly love",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cac4eeb145c7481ea374f535748f8725",
            "input": "Article: A new semester has just started and a number of parents are registering to change their children's names, in the hope that it will change their temper or help their children drop bad habits, like addiction to the Internet.     One mother surnamed Shi renamed her son, a primary school student, Hengfu, which means eternal happiness in Chinese. She decided to change the boy's name because he always did poorly in study. She has had him tutored after school, but he always earns low marks in school. So Shi turned to a name-giving master. \"I hope the special recipe could bring him good luck,\" the mother said. Teachers in the city say a few students in every school, most nearing graduation, change their names at the start of every new semester.     A naming agency said it has found names for nearly 1,000 students since setting up the shop in 1998. The store said its professionals analyzed the defects   of a person's original name, and suggested a new one based on the person's birthday and other fortune-telling skills.     Buying a new name costs between 800 yuan and 10,000 yuan. Parents also have to register the name at the local police department for a small fee. This will legally change their child's name on all documents, including ID cards and passports. Hu Jie, a university student who changed her name in her final year of high school, said the new name confused her. \"I always had no idea who my classmates were calling when they used my new name,\" Hu said, adding that she wished she had kept her old name. But parents may be ignoring one thing: name changes might encourage kids to believe that fate is more important than their own efforts. \n Answer: They want their children to improve their grades.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the reason why parents change the names of children?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e7b2d569aec441e093e048fd20367e75",
            "input": "Article: World Future Society People People may live for up to 120 years and use new technology to help when people go blind, deaf and have other problems. The number of people over a hundred years old could go from 135,000 today to 2.2 million people by 2050. By 2015 people think that 100 million workers will be able to work from home for a company in a different country by using the Internet. Money Worldwide e-business will become even more successful with online shops that sell special products for each person, which will be brought to their house the next day. Environment The technology for making energy from wind and the Sun is growing very quickly. In the future wind and Sun energy could become much cheaper and many more countries could use it. This would be very useful in poor countries. The air in big cities would also become much cleaner and healthier as a result. Society and culture  The Internet will help to create more worldwide friendships. Families may spend more time together as people will be able to do 24-hour online banking and shopping. Technology                                               The new science of \"nanotechnology\" (very small robots or machines) will make all sorts of products smaller and lighter. Very, very small machines could take away rubbish, make things in factories, and help inside the human body by taking away fat. By 2012 people will be able to wear these small machines that look like watches, which will give them lots of information about their body and keep them healthy. \n Answer: Look at how technology will change the world.",
            "output": [
                "What does the World Future Society do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e6fd0caec554711b85703e986a1a7c4",
            "input": "Article: Many of us enjoy doing it: you turn on the camera on your mobile phone and hold it at a high angle--- making your eyes look bigger and your cheekbones more defined. You turn to your best side and click. There it is - your selfie. Over the past year, \"selfie\" has become a well-known term across the globe. This August the Oxford dictionary added the word to their online dictionary and define it as: \"A photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically with a smartphone or webcam and uploaded to a social media website.\" Today it's not difficult to find social networking pages full of photos people have taken of themselves and their friends. And selfie culture has become especially relevant for young people. As many as 91 percent of teenagers have posted photos of themselves online, according to a recent survey by the US Pew Research Center. So what are the reasons for the rise of selfie culture? \"The craziness about the selfie celebrates regular people,\" Pamela Rutledge, a professor at the Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology, told Vogue magazine. \"There are many more photographs available now of real people than models.\" Posting selfies also allows you to control your image online. \"I like having the power to choose how I look, even if I'm making a funny face:' Samantha Barks, 19, a high school student in the US, told Vogue. In addition to self-expression and documentation  , selfies \"allow for a close friendship for long-distance friends, because you can see each other's faces every day\", wrote Casey Miller at The Huffington Post. But US psychologist Jill Weber is concerned that selfies might lead to social problems. \"There's a danger that your self-esteem   may start to be tied to the comments and '1ikes' you get when you post a selfie, and they aren't based on who you are - they're based on what you look like,\" Weber told Vogue. \"When you get nothing or a negative response, your confidence can decrease.\" \n Answer: To indicate that the word has become very popular.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the writer mention the fact that \"selfie\" was added to an online dictionary?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1a26c2ee431a48b18ae444203bd33d95",
            "input": "Article: Walk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it steamy, warm, damp and thick. But if you had been there around 15,000 years ago, during the last ice age, would it have been the same? For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests might have reacted to the cold, dry climate of the ice ages, but till now, no one has reached a satisfying answer. Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to solve global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 given off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to the future climate change? If it gets drier, will it survive and continue to draw down CO2? Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past. Unfortunately, collecting information is incredibly difficult. To study the past climate, scientists need to look at fossilized pollen kept in lake mud, Going back to the last ice age means drilling down into lake sediments , which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery. There are very few roads and paths, or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes.  Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest, but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers completely unsampled . So far, only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon forest reacts to climate change. \n Answer: By taking samples from rivers in the Amazon.",
            "output": [
                "How do scientists study the past climate change?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1e5be4a2d50a4463a3078886c65ac650",
            "input": "Article: This is a true story that happened in Japan.In order to  _ the house, a Japanese tore open the walls. Japanese houses normally have a hollow space between the wooden walls. When tearing down the walls, he found that there was a lizard stuck there because a nail from outside was hammered into one of its feet. He saw this, feeling pity and curious.When he checked the nail, he found ti was nailed 10 years ago when the house was first built.   What happened? The lizard had survived in such a position for 10 years! It has been in a dark wall partition for 10 years without moving! Then he wondered how this lizard survived for 10 years without moving a single step......since its foot was nailed! So he stopped his work and observed the lizard: what has it been doing?what and how has it been eating? Later, he didn't know from where another lizard appeared, with food in its mouch.Ah! He was astonished and touched deeply. The free lizard had been feeding the stuck one for the past 10 years...... Such love, a beautiful love! Such love happened with this tiny creature... What can love do? It can do wonders! Just think about it: one lizard had been feeding the other one untiringly for 10 long years, without giving up hope on its partner. If a small creature like a lizard can love like this... just imagine how we can love if we try. \n Answer: Usual",
            "output": [
                "How did the Japanese feel when seeing the stuck lizard?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b46406f3766c492ba8102efb534c31c9",
            "input": "Article: On an August afternoon last year, Pamela Rivers, 40, and her friend Rita Graham, 38, were stopped at a red light on Cobb's Creek Parkway in South Philadelphia when a white SUV traveling in the opposite direction turned across traffic in front of them. It then jumped the curb   and rushed through a grassy expanse   before plunging down an embankment   toward Cobb's Creek. Pamela quickly pulled over, jumped out of her car, and dialed 911. Kenny Gibson, 23, and his friend Taron Green, 25, were driving home from a job when Rita flagged them down. Kenny stopped, and the men got out of the car and looked over the cliff. The SUV had landed upside down in five feet of water. A woman's leg could be seen swinging out the driver's side window. \"I have a fear of water,\" Kenny said now. \"I almost drowned when I was nine.\" Even so, he and Taron hurried down the 50-foot embankment into the muddy water. \"I couldn't just leave her,\" he adds. The men waded out to the car and saw that the woman, Cheryl Allison, 61, was partially in water. Kenny tried unsuccessfully to open the door. Then he broke the window. But when he reached in to pull out Cheryl, he found she was trapped by the seat belt. \"Run back to the truck and grab a box cutter ,\" Kenny yelled to Taron. Meanwhile, Kenny tried in vain to push the car onto its side to create an air pocket for Cheryl. That's when mechanic Marcell Porter approached the site. \"I flipped into rescue mode,\" he said. When Taron returned, Kenny cut through the seat belt with the box cutter. He and Marcell tried to pull Cheryl out, but she wouldn't come out. Marcell broke the rear window with a rock, hoping to rescue her from the back. Then he saw that she was still strapped in by her shoulder belt. Marcell reached for the box cutter and cut the remaining strap in two. Kenny leaned in, grabbed Cheryl by the waist, and pulled her out feet first. Marcell grasped Cheryl's legs, and they managed to drag her lifeless body onto a rock. \"Give her CPR!\" Pamela yelled down to them. But the two men had no idea what to do. \"Put your mouth on her mouth and breathe,\" she shouted to Marcell. And to Kenny, \"Pump her chest!\" \"We tried three times,\" said Marcell. Finally, Cheryl brought up water and started moving her fingers. The men rolled her over onto her stomach to let out more water. Soon an ambulance arrived and transported Cheryl to the hospital, where doctors treated her. They never discovered what caused her to pass out, but she assumes it had something to do with the burning summer heat. Over the next few days, they took turns visiting Cheryl in the hospital, where they shared hugs and tears. \"We couldn't believe she was all right,\" said Pamela. \"It's just amazing that these people came together,\" said Cheryl. She stays in touch with her \"angels\" via frequent phone calls. \"They are really beautiful people,\" she said. \n Answer: 120.",
            "output": [
                "Which telephone number do Chinese dial in the case like that where Pamela in the passage dialed \"911\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9534e97a8b0a489099fc36b71ba9f093",
            "input": "Article: Japan's All Nippon Airways, which has asked passengers to visit the toilet before boarding to help the environment, said Tuesday it will fit its jets with a women-only lavatory . ANA will introduce one female-only toilet per aircraft on international flights next month after a survey of women fliers identified  it was the second most attractive service they wished for after being offered desserts. The rest of the toilets onboard will be for men and women as usual. \"We received many comments that having a women-only lavatory would be a factor in differentiating our airline from others,\" said an NAN spokesman. \"Many women said that they feel uncomfortable taking their time in the lavatory knowing that a male is waiting just behind them in line,\" he said. The spokesman denied that the new service was introduced following complaints about men soiling  the bathrooms, telling reporters: \"Those opinions may exist, but we do not have that data on hand\". Since 2006 ANA has pursued   a one - month awareness campaign each year in which it asks fliers on 38 flights and four international flights to visit the bathroom before boarding to reduce their body weight and therefore cut he plane's carbon-dioxide emissions. The airline is also planning to install \"washlets\" in it's aircraft-electric toilet seats with water sprays for washing-a common sight in Japan and generally a source of amusement for first-time visitors and users. The \"washlets\" will be installed in the Boeing777-300ER,due to begin operating in April, and the Boeing 787 fleet set to start flying this year. \n Answer: women passengers can get some desserts onboard.",
            "output": [
                "What is the most attractive service to women passengers according to a survey?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8745e9cf82b44bd1a7ea25562dd032c3",
            "input": "Article: It was a long week for Amanda at school. She stayed after school to work on a special project  three days in a row. When she got home on Friday, she dropped into the chair with a sigh. \"What's going on, Amanda?\" her dad asked as he was reading the newspaper. \"I have to create a webpage for my technology class, and it is taking a lot more time than I thought it would,\" Amanda answered. Her dad looked over his newspaper and asked Amanda what the webpage was about. \"It's about the difference between newspaper news and Internet news,\" Amanda said and added, \"I have to provide information, examples and illustrations .\" \"Sounds tough; do you have someone to help you?\" her dad asked. \"I have a partner named Zach,\" Amanda replied. \"We did research on the Internet today and found some pictures to use.\" Then Amanda explained to her father the main differences: newspaper news is printed on paper, and Internet news is published online; newspaper news is only available once a day, and Internet news is published almost as soon as the news happens; many newspapers don't even print a daily paper, and Internet news is published around the clock. Amanda's dad asked, \"Which type of news do you like better?\" \"I like Internet news better because I like to learn about the news when it happens,\" she answered. Her dad said, \"I still like newspaper news better because I like to hold the paper in my hands and turn the pages.\" Amanda dropped into her chair again and said, \"You are so old school, Dad.\" \n Answer: She made a mistake in her technology class.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Amanda sigh when she came home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0d9e9a781d4f436a82e461c56e28b656",
            "input": "Article: Tulips  are the national flower of Iran and Turkey. The European name for the flower is a misuse of the Persian word for turban , a mistake probably arising in the common Turkish custom of wearing flowers in the folds of the turban. Alternatively, the misuse may have arisen because this eastern flower, when not yet in full bloom, looks like a turban. In Persia, to give a red tulip was to declare your love for someone. The black center of the red tulip was said to represent the lover's heart, burned to a coal by love's passion. Originally growing in the Ottoman Empire (present-day Turkey), tulips were imported into Holland in the sixteenth century. When Carolus Clusius wrote the first major book on tulips in 1592, they became so popular that the tulips in his garden were stolen from time to time. As the Dutch Golden Age grew, so did this colorful flower. They were commonly seen in paintings and at festivals. In the mid-seventeenth century, tulips even created the first economics bubble , known as \"Tulip Mania\". At that time, tulips were so expensive that they were used as money until the market for them crashed. Today, Holland is still known for its tulips and other flowers, often sincerely called \"the flower shop of the world.\" Tulips are planted in great fields of beautiful color, and transform the landscape into a sea of different colors. Tulip festivals are held throughout the country in spring. However, the most well-known tulip festival is organized in the Noordoostpolder, a province in the central Netherlands, each year. Held in the middle of the tulip fields, this flower festival runs from late April to early May. The Dutch people took their love of tulips abroad when they settled, and tulips and tulip festivals are now found in New York and Michigan, where the connection to their Dutch roots is still very strong. \n Answer: Holland is not the birthplace of tulips.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e140b54f4f44b6e86dca5803328fbaa",
            "input": "Article: After having worked in the University of Maryland for three years, I got a job offer from another university---Lynn University. I left my letter of offer on my present boss's desk, turned around, and closed the door quietly. I was expecting a call from my boss saying congratulations, which would show her approval of my leaving. In the afternoon, my boss called me, saying, \"Can we meet tomorrow? \" _ . The next day, I met with my boss. She said, 'Nicholas, we want you. What do you want?\" I said, \"Boss, I deserve a significant pay raise this year due to my outstanding performance. I think I need a 10% pay raise next year as a condition for me to stay here.\" My boss said, \"No problem.'' When I left her office, I called Lynn University and told them that I was going to get a 10% pay raise. They had to give me 10% more than their original pay offer in order for me to accept the job. The new boss told me that he was willing to give me more, but I would feel very bad working at this university with such a high pay. I would win a battle, but I would lose a war. He said, \"The problem is that your colleague will earn less than you, so you will feel guilty and uncomfortable. But, I can still give you 5% more than the original offer.\" I delivered this massage to my present boss, and she told me that she would give me another 5% pay raise if I promised to refuse this new job offer. On top of that, she would strongly support my early promotion from assistant professor to associate professor. According to the university policy, you must take at least 6 years to get promoted. That was my third year of employment at this university. After refusing the new job offer, I finally enjoyed both a pay raise and early promotion. \n Answer: Nicholas would not feel good for earning too much more than others.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the new boss agree to another 5% raise when Nicholas asked for 10% the next day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff489c3f458747e6a3ca44c194a962db",
            "input": "Article: Spending as little as $5 a day on someone else could significantly boost happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia and Harvard Business School found on Thursday. Their experiments on more than 630 Americans showed they were measurably happier when they spent money on others--even if they thought spending the money on themselves would make them happier. \"We wanted to test our theory that how people spend their money is at least as important as how much money they earn,\" said Elizabeth Dunn, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia. They asked their 600 volunteers first to rate their general happiness, report their annual (yearly) income and detail their monthly spending including bills, gifts for themselves, girls for others and donations to charity. \"Regardless of how much income each person made, those who spent money on others reported greater happiness, while those who spent more on themselves did not,\" Dunn said in a statement. Dunn's team also surveyed 16 employees at a company in Boston before and after they received an annual profit-sharing bonus of between $3,000 and $8,000. \"Employees who devoted more of their bonus to pro-social spending experienced greater happiness after receiving the bonus and the manner in which they spent that bonus was a more important predictor of their happiness than the size of the bonus itself\" they wrote in their report, published in the journal Science. They gave their volunteers $5 or $20 and half got clear instructions on how to spend it. Those who spent the money on someone or something else reported feeling happier about it. \"These findings suggest that very minor alterations (changes) in spending allocations (shares)--as little as $5--may be enough to produce real gains in happiness on a given day,\"Dunn said. \n Answer: You can spend only 5$ a day to get happiness.",
            "output": [
                "What is the general idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a5c1f7063e640508ec0d3dc2653d1e8",
            "input": "Article: Sleeping for less than six hours a night greatly increases the risk of dying from a heart attack or stroke , a study has found. It is the stuff of nightmares for those whose busy work schedule or busy family life means getting up early and staying up late. Scientists claim that the modern tendency to delay going to bed in order to get through more of the items on the 'to do' list has serious health consequences. But take care. Those who have too much sleep are also more likely to suffer a heart attack. While the extra sleeping is unlikely to be the cause, long-term illnesses such as heart disease often make sufferers feel tired, so sleeping for longer than nine hours a night may be an early warning sign.    Researchers found that those who slept for less than six hours were almost 50 per cent more likely to suffer a heart attack and 15 per cent more at risk of strokes. They believe that not having enough sleep disrupts the balance of two key hormones , ghrelin and leptin , which control the appetite. Poor sleepers tend to eat more and are more likely to be fatter, so are at greater risk of high blood pressure and heart disease, which lead to heart attacks and strokes. Experts recommend adults get at least six or seven hours' shut-eye a night to stay healthy.     But as many as 60 per cent of us do not think we are sleeping enough, with a third suffering from sleeplessness. The researchers, from the University of Warwick, warned that trying to push too much into one day by going to bed late and getting up early could lead to serious illnesses later in life. They looked at the sleeping habits of almost 475,000 participants from 15 previous studies across eight countries, including the UK, the U.S., Japan, Sweden and Germany. Their findings, published in the European Heart Journal, show that those who slept for less than six hours were 48 per cent more likely to develop or die from heart disease and 15 per cent more likely to develop or die from a stroke. Not having enough sleep decreases the levels of leptin in our blood, which means we do not feel as satisfied after eating. At the same time, it raises the levels of ghrelin, responsible for triggering  our appetite, thus making us feel hungrier.     The scientists believe that our 'work hard, play hard' society encourages us to sacrifice sleep and ignore our health. The trend for late nights and early mornings is actually a ticking time bomb for our health so you need to act now to reduce your risk of developing these life-threatening conditions. \n Answer: Lack of sleep raises your risk of stroke or heart disease.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a6ab2fde75f9497496c4418eb9b88105",
            "input": "Article: Out and about    Use personal stereos and mobile telephones with care.     If possible, walk in the direction of oncoming traffic, in the middle of the pavement.     Look after your valuables; keep your house and car keys separate from your bag. Taxi and mini cabs     Whenever possible pre-book a taxi.     Use a reputable company; transport forprefix = st1 /Londonmaintains a list.     When traveling alone sit in the back seat. In your car     Have your keys ready so that you can get straight into your parked car.     Consider locking your doors when traveling and when you leave your car to pay for your fuel.     You may wish to take a mobile telephone but you must have a hands-free system to use it while driving. Children     Don't dress children in clothing with their name on it.     Teach them not to speak to people they do not know.     Teach them an emergency contact number. Public transport     Plan your journey; know the timetable.     If possible, try not to travel alone.     Avoid sitting upstairs on a double-decker bus.     Be _ with your conversation; you never know who is listening. Home security     Whenever you go out, always lock the doors and close the windows.     Use European Standard locks on the front and back doors and on windows. Ensure you draw the curtains after dark.     Avoid displaying identification. Do not put your name on the letterbox or bell.     Confirm the identity of callers. \n Answer: People who live or travel in London.",
            "output": [
                "Who will be interested in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cc07721241f646e2958a2ad57a65cd1f",
            "input": "Article: The Internet has revolutionized our lives to such an extent that for most people, the global network has become more than just a tool but rather an indispensable aid in everyday life. More and more people go online as wireless networks have brought the Internet closer and closer: it's on our mobile phones, in our cars and TV sets, in hospital surgery rooms and in fishing boats that battle the waves of the Atlantic. And this revolution has brought along with it a new way of shopping. Both big and small, e-commerce websites have literally flooded the Internet by the hundreds of thousands. Anything you can buy from a brick and mortar store  you can also buy online: from food and clothes to guns and bombs, no matter what you're looking for, you're bound to find the right online store with just a few clicks of the mouse. This revolution has sent cold trembles down the backbones of brick and mortar business owners. And what was their reaction? They've opened online stores to go hand in hand with their conventional businesses. Nowadays, every \"Mom and Pop's\" cheesecake store also has a website. In a recent survey, 68% of small business owners have stated that they are scared of being put out of business by the powerful flood that e-commerce has become. So it's no wonder many of them have decided to join the revolution and establish some kind of an online presence even though most of them have stated that they dislike the Internet. But do the big players have reasons to be afraid? Are we going to start seeing ghostly, deserted Wal-Marts across the country? Probably not in the near future but the day will come when most people will just stop shopping offline anymore. A trip to Wal-Marts wastes time, burns gas and sometimes adds a few extra dots on the stress counter. The recent advancements in mobile technology and the introduction of mobile phones with improved web capabilities has even made some people order their groceries when they get out from work and have them delivered at their doorstep by the time they get home. And as \"Time is money\", this practice is lifesaving for people who work two jobs. Technology will continue to advance and e-commerce will follow closely in its footsteps. Everything will become easier and less time consuming, leaving us more time to enjoy the things that really matter in life: the ones we love, our friends and hobbies. \n Answer: The great impact of the Internet.",
            "output": [
                "What is Para. 1 mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dd3659913e5448548e0a28bd1a135bca",
            "input": "Article: A man claiming to be a pastor  apparently tried to stiff a waiter on a tip, explaining that his work for God allowed him not to leave one.  A photo of the receipt, posted to Reddit.com, shows a bill for $34.93 with an automatic 18 percent gratuity  (or $6.29) added above a blank space for an additional tip.  \"I give God 10%,\" the diner wrote on the receipt, scratching out the automatic tip. \"Why do you get 18?\" He then wrote \"Pastor\" above his signature, and an emphatic \"0\" where the additional tip would be. (The automatic gratuity, however, had already been added to the total.) The Reddit user who submitted the image explained in the comments section that the receipt was part of a total bill for a party of 20, which is why the gratuity was automatically added. \"Parties up to eight ... may tip whatever they'd like, but larger parties receive an automatic gratuity,\" the server wrote. \"It's in the computer; it's not something I do.\" The server added: \"They had no problem with my service, and told me I was great. They just didn't want to pay when the time came.\"  Scribbling  notes on receipts has become something of a trend. Earlier this month, the manager of a North Carolina Red Robin surprised an overdue pregnant woman by comping her meal. \"Once seated, a manager came up to us and started talking,\" the woman's husband told Consumerist. \"He was extremely friendly and jokingly asked my wife if this was her last meal before heading to the hospital.\" When the check came, a note from the manager next to her portion of the bill read: \"MOM 2 BEE GOOD LUC.\" \"It was a pleasant surprise and made my tired-of-being-pregnant wife a little more cheery,\" the man said. \n Answer: He didn't mean to pay the gratuity at all.",
            "output": [
                "What did the pastor mean by saying, \"I give God 10%. Why do you get 18?\""
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e06298b478c46579c4b92853fa2144a",
            "input": "Article: During my visit to my parents, I decided to explore their attic . They have lived in their home in the mountains since 1953, so investigating the attic was a trip down memory lane for me. I climbed the unstable ladder to the dusty, cold third floor. I looked around and noticed a very old basket in the corner, in which I found letters piled high, faded and dirty-untouched there. As I opened each letter, I discovered a new and previously unrevealed page of my parents' lives. My father served in the Army. He wrote about his daily experiences with civilians, German POWs, baths and more. I was drawn to these letters. Each of my mother's letters was sealed with her 1944 lipstick kiss. Daddy wrote that he sealed his return letters by rekissing her lipstick kiss. Oh, how they missed each other!  I finished reading six months of the letters and discovered there were at least eleven months missing. Where could they be?      Just six weeks after my visit, Daddy became very ill and was hospitalized. He was scheduled for kidney dialysis when I decided to fly to visit him. We discussed the letters. He told me how much receiving those lipstick-kissed letters had meant to him when he had been so far from home. As I left, the thought raced through my mind that tomorrow was Valentine's Day. But I quickly dismissed this thought. My father wasn't in any kind of shape to shop for a valentine. My parents had been married for fifty-six years. My mother would understand that her valentine would just have to be skipped this year. Later that evening, Mother and I revisited the attic in search of the lost letters. Toward the bottom, we discovered an unmarked gold cardboard box. Yes! Here were the long-lost letters! I began looking through them. Lying separate, on top of the letters was the valentine card my father had sent Mother in 1944! The next day,Mother and I visited Daddy in the hospital. I joked with him, saying softly, \"Today is Valentine's Day, and I know you have been a little busy lately, but I've got something you covered.\"I handed him the card. He carefully opened the card, and when he recognized it, his eyes filled with tears. There was nothing lacking that Valentine's Day after all. My father, in a voice shaking with emotion, read the loving message he'd sent to my mother fifty-six years earlier. And this time, he could read it to her in person. \n Answer: The Valentine's card to Mum sent by my father in 1944 was a real treasure to them.",
            "output": [
                "What information do we get from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-15b037c19fc241b88c3c50002994c56b",
            "input": "Article: Mobile Phone Manners Mobile phones have changed the way we communicate;they have also brought about     problems in phone manners.Gaik Lira, a Singapore-based advice has some advice on     phone manners. When dealing with missed calls,the person being.called should return the call.\"Calls     should be returned as soon as possible, and no later than the following day. Anything later     than that,and an apology or a reason for the delay should go with the call.\" Text messages should be kept short and to the point.If they go beyond four or five     lines,call or e-mail instead.\"The use of short forms should be among family members and    friends,never in a business situation.\"     Speak in a low voice as if you were talking to someone next to you.If the connection is     bad,don't raise your voice in order to be heard,simply move to another place where the     connection may be better.And if that doesn't work,tell the caller to call you back or offer     to call at a later time.     When a conversation is cut off due to a bad connection,the person who started the     conversation should call back.\"It may be inconvenient for the other person to return the     call,especially if it's an unlisted number,or an overseas call.\"     When running late for a date or meeting,it is acceptable to text to inform that you'll     be delayed.Messages should be apologetic.\"A message like'Sorry.Will be about 30 mi-    nutes late due to flight delay'is considered polite and thoughtful.\"     Taking calls during meetings is only acceptable if you have informed the chairperson     that you are expecting an urgent call.If you get an unexpected but urgent call,apologize to     those present and offer a quick explanation as to why you have to take that call.Then leave     the room to contioue your phone conversation. \n Answer: Return the call as soon as possible.",
            "output": [
                "What should one do if he or she has missed a call?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aef0b1701d1945769992cc35d23a8252",
            "input": "Article: Most of the time, the ground feels solid beneath our feet. That's comforting. But it's also misleading because there's actually a lot going on underground. Masses of land (called plates) slip, slide, and bump against each other, slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years. Scientists know that Earth formed about 4. 5 billion years ago.  They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled, its outermost layer, called the crust  , eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened, however, is an open question. Now, an international group of researchers has an answer. They've found new evidence suggesting that Earth's crust started shifting at least 3.8 billion years ago. The new estimate is l. 3 billion years earlier than previous ones. Not long before 3. 8 billion years ago,  lots of small planets were hitting Earth, keeping its crust in a hot, melting state. After the hard crust formed, much of it sank at various times into the planet's hot insides. There, it melted before returning to the surface. In some places, however, the crust never sank. One of the oldest such places is in Greenland, in an area called the Isua supracrustal   belt. The rocky crust there is between 3. 7 and 3. 8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor, but now it is exposed to air. The researchers recently took a close look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long, parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with a type of volcanic rock. To explain this structure, the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crack open long ago. Hot, liquid rock oozed from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks. Finally, the whole area cooled, forming what we see today. That explanation, plus chemical clues inside the rock, suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of plate under the ocean, beginning around 3.8 billion years ago. \"It's a fantastic case of solving a jigsaw puzzle ,\"says one of the researchers. He notes that the puzzle was \"a very difficult one because these rocks are all very old and have been badly ruined\". \n Answer: The shapes of continents and oceans changed slowly.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b73a7a5f24704f06b4f1bf5a3f53c168",
            "input": "Article: Grandma celebrated her fifty-third birthday just weeks before grandpa died of cancer in 1965. Although his passing was very difficult for her, I think their shared struggle to make his life longer taught grandma that good health was not to be taken for granted, and she made up her mind to live the rest of her own life as fully and as long as she could. One day, when she announced to attend lessons at the Fred Astaire Dance Studio in Portland, Oregon, where she lived, we rolled our eyes in embarrassment and helplessly wished she would just stay home and bake cookies as normal grandmothers did. Many years filled with countless dance lessons passed before we learned to appreciate the wonder of having a dancing grandma. I suppose grandma's primary motivation for wanting to learn to dance was social. She had been a shy girl, always very tall and heavy, and had married into grandpa's quiet lifestyle before developing any elegance or confidence in her personal appearance. Dancing, on the other hand, filled her life with flash lights, wonderful parties, beautiful dresses, handsome young dance instructors, and the challenge of learning. Although the weekly dance lessons did not change her ample, two-hundred-pound figure, grandma surprised everyone with energetic performances on the dance floor, which soon gave her as much elegance and confidence as any Miss American competitor. Having taken weekly dance lessons for years, my grandma learned various dances easily and was soon participating in dancing matches all over the Northwest. When I was fourteen, grandma proudly invited me to watch her compete in one of these matches to be held in the grand ballroom of the Red Lion Inn. My attitude was still unenthusiastic at that point, but to make her happy, my mother and I attended the match. As if to prove me wrong, grandma made a wonderful showing in every event she entered. I thought she was truly the queen of the ball during the dance, and my thoughts were shared by the judges a short time later when she was awarded a gold cup for her outstanding performance. \n Answer: Good health was not there for everyone.",
            "output": [
                "What did grandma learn from grandpa's death?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bda5d6210b474b338f4f1fdb8d405585",
            "input": "Article: MOOCs, an acronym for \"massive open online courses,\" mark an important, possibly revolutionary, development in education. These courses are online, free of charge, and open to anyone in the world who has a laptop and an Internet connection. Moreover, they are mainly offered by elite universities like Standford, Berkeley, Harvard and Columbia. The courses, like normal college courses, are sequenced by difficulty, enabling students to progress from beginners to the advanced. The courses cover not only a broad range of technical subjects such as math and computer science, but also courses in the social sciences and the humanities  . Though MOOCs are not offered for credit and degree, many students enroll in the courses for real skills or knowledge which they can put to some practical use. Some students even form online study groups, or in-person groups with students who live nearby. The format seems superior to the traditional school class. The average quality of the lecturer is much higher, because students do not have to stick with a mediocre  lecturer. Besides, students can scroll back or forward--in short, they can go at their own learning speed, which they cannot do in a live lecture. And, of great importance, they do not have to travel anywhere to attend an online lecture. One can obtain a first-class American college education wherever he or she lives and however little money he or she has. There is a problem of asking questions of the lecturer in a class of ten thousand students, but some MOOCs have solved it by allowing students to post questions online for a vote, and only the most popular questions are put to the lecturer. In a knowledge era, lifelong learning is not confined to a traditional classroom. Of course, students enrolling in MOOCs cannot be compared with those who are in traditional universities, but we need to rethink what a \"students\" is. Students in MOOCs are very clever, have work experience, and in many cases, have already developed a set of core competences. Moreover, they also offer unique international _ that would be the envy of any school classroom. \n Answer: The word \"MOOCs\" is an acronym for \"Massive open online campuses.\"",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true about MOOCs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f62c81993774c65b9392170c4b5d13d",
            "input": "Article: While many young people may resist getting a \"real job\" or becoming independent, these are the things that make you happy and give you purpose. Some people underestimate the satisfaction of working, thinking they'll be miserable. The 20-somethings that do work are happier than those who don' t or are underemployed. If you invest in your career early,you'll have longer to build it up. 70% of wage growth happens in the first 10 years, so you need to get the best job you can get and negotiate your salary. No one can be sure that people who will wait until their 30s to get going are expecting to experience later to catch up with those of their ages. Many 20-somethings don't know what they want to do, so they hang around the house or in. low-level jobs waiting for the spirit to move them. Not making a choice is a choice. These 20-somethings think they are keeping their options open, but they are actually closing doors. Resumes start to look thin, their peers  begin surpassing them and they may get stuck in underemployment. It will take about 10,000 hours(or about five years)to really master their jobs. If you're wondering why colleagues seem so smart and confident, it's partly because they've been doing it longer. Young people should learn as much as they can in their first jobs and remember it will take some time to really get good. The 20-something brain is still developing, which is in charge of critical emotion with reason. This, _ less on-the-job experience, means 20-somethings are more sensitive to surprise and criticism. They are more likely to take feedback personally. Step back and get some perspective. You're not going to be fired because your boss is angry. Hear the criticism and learn from it. The brain doesn't fully mature until your mid-20s, particularly the parts that plan for the future and manage emotions. That doesn't mean you should sit around and wait for it to develop. In. fact, what you learn and experience in your 20s becomes hardwired into your brain and this is the best chance you have to change your brain and change how you think and react. What people do in their 20s determines who they'll be as adults. \n Answer: How You Spend Your 20s Will Define You.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0c5fec38e51e483cbb8fdbc0880cf46a",
            "input": "Article: I work in a nursing home and my job is to take care of the elderly. This year, a very sweet old lady that I cared for,Alice, had gone through a difficult time .She got _ and so she had been in the hospital twice .In November I was finally able to get her back to her\"home\". Alice had thought her daughter was coming to visit her on Christmas day and that they were going to have the whole family together like the old days. When she finally realized that that happy moment was not going to happen,she was very sad.Knowing that her daughter was coming after Christmas was not enough to make her feel happy,I hated the idea of her being alone on the holiday! On Christmas Eve,I gave her a surprise by asking if she could like to go to a candlelight service at church that night Instead of taking her to my church,I took her to her old neighborhood church where all her friends were. We got there early and I got her a seat where her friends could see her as they came in.Then soon some of her friends came to the church and they rushed over to greet her and sit with her. The candlelight service was beautiful and Alice got a lot of love from her old and new friends there. The truth of the story is that I am the one who got the best gift: the smile on Alice's face \n Answer: In her old neighborhood church.",
            "output": [
                "Where did Alice spend her Christmas Eve according to the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d183971b30048bd94cb6919a18d2a7d",
            "input": "Article: Too often we accuse others of not listening, pretending that we ourselves are faultless, yet in our hearts we know that many of the mistakes we make come about because we haven't listened carefully enough. We get things wrong because we haven't listened carefully enough. We get things wrong because we haven't quite understood what someone meant when they were talking to us. Anyone who has ever taken the minutes of a long meeting will know how hard it is to remember-- despite the benefit of notes-- exactly what everyone said. But success depends on getting things right--and that means listening. Listening is not the same thing as hearing; it is not an effort actively. It demands attention and concentration. It may mean quizzing the speaker for additional information or for clarification------ it is always better to ask than to continue regardless and get things wrong. However, if you allow your mind to wander onto something else, even for a few minutes, you'll miss what the speaker is saying------ probably at the very moment when he or she is saying something critical. And not having heard, you won't know you've missed anything until it's too late. The most common bad habit we have is to start thinking of what we are going to say about the subject long before the other speaker has finished. We then stop listening. Even worse, this often adds rudeness to inattentiveness, as once you have decided what to say there is a fair chance you will interrupt to say it. Good listeners don't interrupt. In fact it is often worth explaining the main idea of what you have just been told before going on to make your own points. Nobody is offended by this and it shows that you have listened well. Above all be patient and accept that many people are not very good communicators. It's helpful to remember that the ways people move and position themselves while they are speaking can reveal a great deal about what they are saying. Equally important you should put yourself in the other person's place, both intellectually and emotionally; it will help you to understand what they are getting at and form a response. But don't be too clever. Faced with a know-all, many people keep quiet because they see no point in continuing. \n Answer: Be a good listener.",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-caeeab70a117408198448be8d45eb8c7",
            "input": "Article: When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scores in certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or anxious situation. If we want to test intelligence, we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knows what to do. For example, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can, and then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it. He probably isn't sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. And, if he can't make things work out right, he doesn't feel ashamed that he fails; he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook  on life, special feeling about life, and knows how he fits into it. If you look at children, you'll see great difference between what we call \"bright\" children and \"not bright\" children. They are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with different amounts of intelligence. For example, the bright child really wants to find out more about life --- he tries to get in touch with everything around him. But the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dream-world; he seems to have a wall between him and life in general. \n Answer: What's real meaning of intelligence",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-98a5974bb64845859fe6f1a019715b6b",
            "input": "Article: A black and white kitten with a broken back lay on animal doctor Betsy Kennon's examination table. A regular customer had rushed him to her office after his pet dog brought the cat home in his mouth. The dog's owner was horrified, believing that his pet had caused the cat's injuries. But Kennon found no teeth marks or bite wounds, which showed that the dog had probably saved, not harmed, the kitten. In Kennon's opinion, however, the cat was a hopeless case. Many doctors would have  _ such a badly hurt animal. But she couldn't be so cruel. The kitten's bright eyes and sad face had won her over. There was no way of finding his owner, so Kennon, a single woman aged 56, decided to keep him. She gave him a round of shots and fed him food mixed with medicines. He couldn't move his back legs but soon started pulling himself forward with his front legs. The doctor named him Scooter and contacted a company that makes carts for disabled animals. Scooter took to his new wheels like a natural. In no time he was able to move freely, but somewhat awkwardly, around Kennon's office, home and even her backyard. The sight of the determined Scooter was uplifting and amusing in equal measure and Kennon had to smile each time the cat entered the room. Kennon was convinced that her kitten could share his high spirits with others. So she took Scooter to the local hospital to see if he could help the patients. His first patient was an elderly woman who'd had a stroke and hadn't spoken to anyone for two days. Scooter jumped out of Kennon's arms and onto the bed, rolled over to the patient, and lay gently near her cheek, purring softly. The woman looked at Scooter. \"Kitty,\" she murmured as she began to talk to him. Amazed, Kennon turned to the doctor --- and saw that she was in tears. The cat had engineered a small miracle. Today Scooter spends about ten hours a month working with patients who are recovering from strokes and injuries. Again and again, Kennon watches as her cat provides hope and comfort. As one patient who'd lost her leg in a car accident said, \"If he can do it, so can I.\" \n Answer: She liked the cat.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Kennon decide to keep the cat?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f512608b1ab64707b974aa49f96031bf",
            "input": "Article: A program in our college helps you work part-time to ease your pressure from costs. If you need more money to cover all of your education-related costs, this program may be fit for you. Advantages Work experience: Last year, more than 1,400 positions were available across all departments. The jobs wary from one department to the next, and in most cases, participants find a position in their chosen field. Money: During the regular academic year(September to April), you can work party-time and earn $3,200---sometimes more---while you take courses! During the summer time, you work full-time and can earn around $6,000 over 18 weeks. Easy access: Applying for the program is easy. There is no need for face-to-face interview. All the forms you need are online; just fill in the forms and email us; we accept no letter or phone application! Did you know? At the University of Ottawa, it is not necessary to receive government assistance to qualify for our Work-Study Program. _  You could have one of these great Work-Study jobs: *Student ambassador *Computing and network technician *Marketing assistant *Sports team manager *Researcher/translator/Writer And more! The admission Section receives and evaluates applications to undergraduate programs, in addition to answering applicants' questions. Phone: 613-562-5315  Toll-free: 1-877-868-8292(#5315) \n Answer: You can make $ 3,200 in the academic year at least.",
            "output": [
                "What will you benefit from the program if accepted?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4f249134f4640e4b55ccf199c0cf635",
            "input": "Article: Global Positioning Systems(GPS) are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But, they can also cause a lot of problems, send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two. We spoke to Mr. Brown by Skype  . He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use during his stay. BARRY BROWN: \"And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination. And, then it wasn't until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the GPS is kind of 'garbage in garbage out'.\" Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment. BARRY BROWN: \"One problem with a lot of the GPS units is that they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it's going to the wrong place.\" Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people's cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called \"The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.\" It lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues  related to when GPS commands are given. Barry Brown says, \" To make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together.\" \n Answer: They just provide the next turn.",
            "output": [
                "What is the disadvantage of small screens in GPS equipment according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57e396a093d548dc8765dede32adb744",
            "input": "Article: Shane Thomas is a 10-year-old pianist from England. He's being called the next Mozart because of his amazing abilities. He has only been having piano lessons for four months, and practices four hours a week, but he has already played difficult classical pieces. He was just seven when he sat down at the piano, and could play at once. He also says he never gets nervous. When Shane was three years old, he said that he could play the piano, but nobody took him seriously. At school, he could listen to the teacher and do his work while composing   in his head. Shame remembers all the melodies ,and when he gets home he plays them on the piano, while his father records them. Shane loves playing the piano, and when he grows up he wants to be a composer. His tutor, Richard Goffin-Lecar, says he is like Amadeus Mozart, who lived during the 18thcentury in Salzburg, Austria, and was one of the most famous composers ever. Mr. Goffin-lecar says, \"I don't teach Shane very much. I just give him directions, then sit back and watch.\" His father, a single parent with two other children, says that although he has little money, he wants to send Shane to a good music school. \"I'm a single father, but I have this gifted child. I don't have much money, but I want to give him the best teachers, and also take him into a studio to record.\" \n Answer: At age three.",
            "output": [
                "When did Shane tell others that he could play the piano?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e0c9c9007a8428e92e2e64204a92edd",
            "input": "Article: Nowadays,the Internet,with its ability to connect people throughout the world,is changing  the way people learn languages.There is still no way to avoid the hard work through vocabulary lists and grammar rules,but the books,tapes and even CDs are being replaced by email, video chat and social networks. Livemocha, a Seattle company, has created a website devoted to helping people learn more than 38 languages by exchanging messages over the Internet and then correcting each other's messages. The lessons,whether they are flashcards,quizzes,audio recordings or written and spoken essays,are delivered through the Intemet. Michael Schutzler, Livemocha's chief executive , says the website's advantage is the ability to practicel with a real person. \"The great irony is that even if you have learned a foreign language in the classroom for years,you don't have confidefice to go into a restaurant and have a conversation with a foreigner,\"he said.The casual connection with real people throughout the world, however brief, are not just fun and surprising but show more about how the language is really used. Livemocha is now experimenting with a variety of ways that resemble the games on other social websites to motivate people.The flashcard exercises,for instance,are scored, and the totals earned by studying and teaching appear on the users'front page. Besides,each person can set up a profile which includes a short description of his age,location and what language he would like to learn.Therefore,if you want to study one language,you will easily find many people who are fluent in it.Andl an email or two is all it takes to find a study partner. There are more and more companies like Livemocha offeritig online language learning to students throughout the world. And instead of merely helping people practice different languages,they also enable people to share interests and make new friends. \n Answer: To offer new ways of language learning.",
            "output": [
                "For what purpose did Livemocha create the website?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95bbb4ea96c44d209e2f494ee7b55329",
            "input": "Article: For the 17 years my life was very happy. Then the first sad thing happened. My mother became very ill, and soon she knew that she was dying. Just before she died, she asked Elizabeth and me to go to her room. She held our hands and said, \"Victor and Elizabeth, my children, I'm very happy because you love each other, and because one day you'll get married. Everyone in the family loves you, Elizabeth. Will you take my place in the family, my dear? I can die happy if you look after them when I have gone.\" My mother died and we were very sad, because we loved her dearly. Elizabeth was brave and helped us; her sweet smile gave us some happiness in the unhappy days after my mother's death. The time came for me to go to university. I didn't want to leave my sad family, but we all knew that I should go. It was hard to leave, too, because the parents of my good friend Henry would not let him go to university with me. So I had gone alone. On my first day at university I met my teacher, Professor Waldman, who was one of the greatest scientists in the world. He gave a wonderful talk to all the students who were starting at the university. He ended his talk by saying, \"Some of you will become the greatest scientists of tomorrow. You must study hard and discover everything that you can. This is why God made you intelligent--to help other people.\" After the professor's talk, I thought very carefully. I remembered the storm when I was 15; I remembered how the lightning had destroyed the tree. From then on, I wanted to use electricity to help people, and I wanted to discover the secrets of life. I decided to work on these two things. I started to work the next day. I worked very hard and soon Professor Waldman and I realized that I could learn to be a very good scientist. The professor helped me very much, and other important scientists who were his friends helped me, too. I was interested in my work and I did not take one day's holiday during the next two years, I did not go home, and my letters to my family were very short. After two years, I had discovered many things and I built a scientific machine that was the best in the university. My machine would help me answer the most important question of all. How does life begin? Is it possible to put life into dead things? To answer these questions about life I had to learn first about death. I had to watch bodies from the moment when they died and the warm life left them. In the hospital and in the university, I watched the dying and the dead. Day after day, month after month, I followed death, so it was a dark and terrible time. I built a tall mast about 150 meters high, which is higher than the tallest building in the city, to catch lightning and send the electricity down to my machine in the lab. I believed I could use that electricity to give life to things that were dead. Then one day, the answer came to me. Suddenly I was sure that I knew the secret of life. \n Answer: Elizabeth was a brave girl who loved Victor and gave him much help.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-200f99a7d3f440d9b50bf13820489a70",
            "input": "Article: My father got his first job at eleven years old. cleaning up the garbage outside of the bowlingalley . Two years later his dad died. and my fatber worked odd jobs to help put food onthe table during the Depression. Ten years after that. Dad fell in love. married Mom and had ababy girl. Eight more children followed. During those years, Dad slipped into a routine he neverbroke He woke up before six. took the train to work and wouldn't get home until after five thirly.After supper, Dad spent the rest of the evening in the basement making dental parts for extra Two years ago, at the age of sixty-four, Dad retired. When I was young, Mom and Dad did well to hide the fact that we were poor. All nine of us attended Catholic schools and we always had plenty of school supplies. We slept in wooden beds, shared one bathroom and watched television from a tiny black-and-white set in the living room. Mom and Dad never bought anything for themselves. They clipped coupons, wore the same pair of sneakers for twenty years and sewed wom clothing together every Saturday afternoon. At his retirement party. I wanted to thank Dad for all his hard work and sacrifice by buying him the best present I could think of. As I shopped though. l realized there was nothing I could buy for Dad. Dad taught me through his own faith that the greatest gifis come from the heart Finally. I left my present on the kitchen table for Dad to find before he Ieft for his frnal day at work. \n Answer: Making dental parts in the basement.",
            "output": [
                "How did Dad get extra money besides his daytime routine work?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1870f02decea440aa67ca4b1e5715d9f",
            "input": "Article: Young Mister Smith had an idea for his employer. It was an idea for saving money for the company by increasing prices. At the same time, Smith suggested that the company sell goods of less value. If his employer liked the idea, Smith might be given more pay. Perhaps he might even get a better job with the company. Business had been very slow. So Mister Smith's employer thought a few minutes about the idea. But then she shook her head. \"I am sorry, Smith,\" his employer said. \"It just will not wash.\" Now, the meaning of these English words should be, \"It will not get clean.\" Yet, Smith's idea did not have anything to do with making something clean. So why did his employer say, \"It will not wash?\" Most word experts agree that \"it will not wash\" means it will not work. In the nineteenth century in England, the expression came to mean an unde-pendable statement. It was used mainly to describe an idea. But sometimes it was used about a person. Happily for the young employee Smith, his employer wanted him to do well in the company. So the employer \"talked turkey\" to him. She said, \"Your idea would be unfair to our buyers. Think of another way to save money.\" A century ago, to talk turkey meant to talk pleasantly. Turkeys in the barnyard  were thought to be speaking pleasantly to one another. In recent years, the saying has come to mean an attempt to teach something important. Mister Smith thought of a better idea after his employer talked turkey to him. He was given an increase in pay. So if your idea \"will not wash,\" try \"talking turkey\" to yourself and come up with a better idea. \n Answer: To explore the meanings of two expressions.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cc073648a2ba40789955b54e5efe48e6",
            "input": "Article: A trip with your family and friends to Disney World can be one of the best vacations of your life. When you decide to travel to this destination, you can be sure in the knowledge that you are going to have a great time. Many travelers may be worried about the exorbitant amount of money that one has to pay for a comfortable and fun trip to Disney World. We all want to give our family and children the best time since it may only be a once in a lifetime vacation. However it would not be wise to end up in debt over a week-long stay in Disney World. A few handy tips and a little planning can make a lot of difference and can reduce some of your financial   worries. You need to start planning for a vacation to Disney World well in advance. The first step is deciding what time of year you wish to visit it. The peak seasons of the year will be costly for the accommodations   whether you are staying within or outside the theme park. Staying outside the resort is a choice that may save you a large amount of money if you plan to stay for a week or two. Also, there are plenty of budget   hotels outside Disney World that offer cheap and pleasant accommodations with shuttle services. Another money saving tip is to buy food ahead of time. If you have most of your meals at your hotel or at cheaper restaurants, it will save you a lot of money. You can try not to buy food in and around Disney World. Carrying food and beverages and enough cold water would help you reduce the cost, too. \n Answer: You can make it more economical to travel to Disney World.",
            "output": [
                "Why do you need to start planning for a vacation to Disney World well in advance?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eb1f018eb9874898bc7448980f5c4693",
            "input": "Article: In the social and economic fields the UN increased its efforts to fight against poverty, ignorance, hunger, and disease and to help raise the standards of living in the newly developing countries. The sixteenth General Assembly placed considerable emphasis on the idea of economic development by planning the current decade as the United Nations Decade of Economic Development. The agreement called upon UN members to help the newly developing countries achieve a minimum rate of growth of 5% by the end of the decade. It also emphasized the need for industrial development and encouraged cooperation with respect to regional-development programs. In the past the organs and agencies of the UN in the economic field have concentrated largely on economic development. Increased attention was directed towards the need for balance and integration in economic and social development. It was emphasized at various UN meetings that particular attention must be given in the new nations to such problems as urbanization, housing, community development, and child welfare. The Assembly has also offered a $100,000,000 world food program designed to use surplus   food to encourage the development of needy countries. The program would improve upon the present unsatisfactory method of disposing of surplus food supplies and would enable the poorer nations to use more of their resources for development purposes. Many of the UN specialized agencies increased their budgets. This means that such agencies as the Food and Agriculture Organization, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, the World Health Organization, and the International Labor Organization will be pushing ahead at an increasing rate to deal with problems in their respective fields. The Assembly again set $150,000,000 as the target figure for the work of the UN Technical Assistance Program and the Special Fund. If funds are available, technical assistance will move ahead at a faster speed. \n Answer: To get their ideas accepted by all the UN members.",
            "output": [
                "What was the sixteenth General Assembly's goal?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-afaab57429b34da0b63fedb8116b3726",
            "input": "Article: Art Beat in January 2016 Beijing Youth choir to perform The youth choir of China National Symphony Orchestra will soon perform classics including the Mexican folk song, The Golden Nightingale, and the Blue Danube, adapted from a waltz by Johann Strauss II. Pianists Zhao Lin and Wang Tianyang will join in the show. 7:30 pm, Jan 23. Forbidden City Concert Hall, inside Zhongshan Park, west of Tian'anmen Square, Xicheng district. 010-6559-8285. Orchestra recitals  The China National Center for the Performing Arts Orchestra led by conductor Lyu Jia will give two recitals, featuring works including Beethoven's Coriolanus Overture and Mozart's Symphonies No. 40 & No. 41 Jupiter. Cellist  Wang Jian will join in the performances, playing Schumann's Cello Concerto in A minor, Op 129 and Saint-Saens' Cello Concerto No. 1 in A minor, Op 33. 7:30 pm, Jan 15; 2:30 pm, Jan 16. China National Center for the Performing Arts, No. 2 West Chang'an Avenue, Xicheng District. 010-6655-0000. Ballet from Paris Paris Opera Ballet will present two gala performances in the city. Besides highlights of classical ballet, such as Swan Lake and Manon, the program will also include modern pieces from the company's repertoire. The leading etoiles are Ludmila Pagliero and Karl Paquette. 7:15 pm, Jan 15-16. Shanghai Oriental Art Center, 425 Dingxiang Road, Pudong district. 021-6854-1234. Ensemble of swans Shanghai Ballet will present two performances of Swan Lake. The production choreographed by British artist Derek Deane who has just completed a tour in 26 cities of the Netherlands. The spectacular production features an ensemble of 48 dancers. 7:15 pm, Jan 22-23. Shanghai Grand Theater, 300 Renmin Avenue, Huangpu district. 400-106-8686. \n Answer: 7:30 pm, Jan 23.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, when does Youth choir to perform start?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8bd800bc48d147c19b5ace8fbeb84967",
            "input": "Article: Chinese high school students have the longest study hours compared to their peers in Japan , the US  and South Korea. A survey conducted by the four countries said. The survey, released by the China Youth and Children Research Center on Monday, was jointly conducted with instructions in the four countries in September-October of 2008. It covers nearly 4,000 students in senior schools and vocational high schools in the four countries. About 78.3 percent of Chinese students said they spend more than eight hours at school and 56.7 percent said they study at least two more hours each day at home .by contrast, only 24.7 percent of their peers in the US , 20.5percent in Japan and 15.4 in Korea study more than two hour s after school. Around 60 percent of all students surveyed said their burden for studies was the heaviest. However the Japanese felt their burden was the worst with respondents   reaching 79.2 percent Among the five biggest headaches for young people in the four countries were: 0ver-sheduling ranked first, followed by a boring leisure life, unsatisfied appearance, little time for exercise and making friends, and no spare money \"Moderate study pressure can better drive students to develop, however, too much will press their development space, and can even cause harm to their physical and psychological health\" the survey said \"Balancing their studies and all round development is a very important task\" it said. \n Answer: big headaches of high school students",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8b57fddca0db4d3795bd77d65fd3bece",
            "input": "Article: Technology is the application  of knowledge to production. Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force. New machines and new methods have helped cut down time and expense while increasing overall output. This has meant more production and a higher standard of living. For most of us in America, modern technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars and television sets. However, technology has also increased the amount of food available to us, by means of modern farming machinery and animal breeding techniques, and has extended our life span via  medical technology. Will mankind continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life? In large measure the answer depends on technology and our ability to use it widely. If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years, the answer is definitely yes. The advancement of technology depends upon research and development, and the latest statistics  show that the United States is continuing to pump billions of dollars annually  into such efforts. So while we are running out of some scarce resources  we may well find technological substitutes for many of them through our research programs. Therefore, in the final analysis the three major factors of production(land, labor and capital) are all influenced by technology. When we need new skills, on techniques in medicine, people will start developing new technology to meet those needs. As equipment proves to be slow or inefficient, new machines will be invented. Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living. \n Answer: Modern technology",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a0750f4bfe424e889611ba7000da6c7a",
            "input": "Article: People express their personalities in their clothes, their cars, and their homes. Our diets can also show our personalities because we might choose certain food to tell people something about us. For example, some people mainly enjoy high quality food, such as caviar   and lobster  , and they eat only in expensive restaurants - never in cafeterias or bars. They know about the \"better things in life\". Some people choose not to eat meat. Vegetarians often have more in common than just their diet. Their personalities might be similar too. For instance, vegetarians in the United States and Canada may be creative people, and they might not enjoy competitive sports or jobs. They worry about the health of the world, and they are probably strongly against the war. Some people eat mostly fast food. One study shows that many fast-food eaters have a lot in common, but they are very different from vegetarians. They are competitive and good at business. They are also usually in a hurry. Many fast-food eaters might not agree with this description of their personalities, but it is a common picture of them. Some people also believe that people of the same astrological sign have similar food personalities. Aries (born under the sign of Aries, between March 21 and April 20) usually like spicy foods, with a lot of onions and pepper. People with the sign of Taurus (April 21 to May 22) prefer healthful fruits and vegetables, but they often eat too much. Sagittarius (November 22 to December.22) like traditional food from many different countries. What is your food personality? \n Answer: They are wiser than any other persons.",
            "output": [
                "Why do some people mainly eat high quality food?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4a34c5c983684c09a5acb8e5bba4f2b1",
            "input": "Article: America is a mobile society.Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change.Neither side feels hurt by this.Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while --then no more.If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship.This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending sometimes deeply into both families.          Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life.They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality  easily. Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don't show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be  _ .Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend.We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes, but truly can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine.They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus.And they expect that we will phone them from there.Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real, We will find ourselves treated hospitably.For the Americans, it is often considered friendlier to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters.So accept their hospitality at home! \n Answer: Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-12fbea8416354c7ea3628a70080b74e7",
            "input": "Article: Every year, a handful of new words enter the world's collective vocabulary, but only one has the honor of being named Oxford Dictionaries' Word of the Year. And this year's top honor goes to \"selfie\". The frequency of the word selfie used in the English language has increased by 17,000 per cent since this time last year. This figure is calculated by Oxford Dictionaries using a research program which collects around 150 million English words currently in use from around the web every month. To qualify, a word need not have been invented within the past 12 months but it does need to stand out or become notable at that time. Selfie is defined by Oxford Dictionaries as: \"A photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically one taken with a smart phone or webcam and uploaded to a social media website.\" Oxford Dictionaries said the earliest known usage is an Australian online forum post in 2002. A man posted a picture of injuries to his face when he tripped over some steps. He apologized for the fact that the picture was out of focus, saying that it was not because he was drunk but because it was a selfie. Judy Pearsall, editorial director for Oxford Dictionaries, said: \"Using the Oxford Dictionaries language research program, we can see a phenomenal upward trend in the use of selfie in 2013, and this helped to win its selection as Word of the Year.\" She also added: \"Social media sites helped to popularize the term, with selfie appearing on the photo-sharing website Flicker as early as 2004, but usage wasn't widespread until around 2012, when selfie was being used commonly in mainstream media sources.\" Selfies have taken the world by storm. Everyone from the first family to ordinary people has taken the time to pose for a selfie. Celebrities like Miley Cyrus, Jennifer Lawrence, and Jennifer Aniston have all showed their new haircuts with selfies this year. Selfie was added to the Oxford Dictionaries online in August, but not yet in the Oxford English. \n Answer: \"Selfie\" began to be used in the Oxford English.",
            "output": [
                "What does this passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d98d93296c694837a81e78c74ec015e6",
            "input": "Article: Our flat was on the fifth floor but you could still hear the roar of the ocean and see the stars at night. I used to take long walks along the water. The food in town was delicious and the people were very friendly. The area was very quiet and peaceful, and fairly deserted.  The last evening of our vacation, however, we all heard strange footsteps following closely behind us as we were walking up to our flat in the holiday centre. We turned around and noticed a fairly young man moving very rapidly across the beach and getting closer to us. He was tall and wore a baseball cap. We couldn't see his face and he was approaching us very rapidly. The man's actions made my dad very nervous. Dad warned us that we'd better try to make it to our flat as quickly as possible. I didn't like my dad's voice; I could hear fear in it. It was late and we were all alone. We didn't have any cell phones on us. I never saw Dad as worried as he was then and I knew that something was terribly wrong. The sense of fear started to overwhelm Mom and me. We had had such a good time in town. Now, the night was rapidly turning into a dangerous situation.  We could hear the man's footsteps getting closer. Dad's face was almost pale. The so-called intruder   had moved nearer and nearer when all of a sudden, the nearby vending  machine started going crazy and spitting out cans of soda! The noise actually scared the intruder and he ran out of sight. My parents were shaking, but we all turned around to see who had put money into the vending machine downstairs, and actually saved us, but no one was around at all. Not a soul.  It's one vacation I will never forget. \n Answer: At the seaside.",
            "output": [
                "Where did the writer spend her vacation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-58fc4c6bbdb44b68a7d9db661a7916d2",
            "input": "Article: INTEX Giant Dolphin Inflatable Swimming Pool Ride-On Raft Price:$88 *Great design is as impressive as it is comfortable ! *Handles are great for maintain control *Dimensions:79\" x 30\" Product Description Great for pools and the beach, the INTEX Dolphin Ride - On Raft is sure to catch some eyes! This impressive raft features heavy duty handles and a uniquely large design. Get out there and enjoy the water this summer on the INTEX Dolphin Ride-On Raft. Enjoy a restful day on the water, lying in the comfort of this soft, durable ,  colorful inflatable ( ) raft from water product maker Intex. Made of special material, its as durable as it is soft and comfortable, and has two handles for easy on-and-off. It will bring a lot of fun to both adults and children. About Intex Recreation: Intex Recreation makes above-ground swimming pools, air beds, inflatable toys, pool and lake boats. The company has been in business for over 40 years, and is a global leader in designing and producing innovative products for indoor and outdoor recreation. Intex products meet the most strict safety standards, taking testing to ensure years of safety and satisfaction. Most Helpful Customer Reviews Hello, my name is Mike Smith. I bought the raft for my family. It worked perfectly. It is a great size for the three of us. We hit many rocks and low tree branches drifting down a river, but the raft came out safety. This is an excellent raft. It's durable and floats like it should. Great for kids or adults. And great for family use. Contact Information of intex Recreation:  Tel:800-876-0987   E-mail: In texrecreation@hotmail.com \n Answer: In a newspaper",
            "output": [
                "Where do you probably read the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5287d796f090412b836f73e16f2ee2b2",
            "input": "Article: Gabby Logan was a gymnast when she was young. She is now the 39-year-old mother of seven-year-old twins, Reuben and Lois. The other day on TV she was dressed in a new swimsuit, which was designed to show off her nice figure, which was admired by a great number of television viewers. Gabby, who won high praise for her television show of the Olympics, has asked the woman of the whole nation to go to the swimming pool, saying the secret of her figure is regular swimming. She is also making advertisements for the new Sculpture Swimwear of Speedo, an international swimsuit company, to help women find the perfect swimsuit. Gabby said, \"We all felt uneasy about getting into our swimwear at first. But we should be excited by the sporting achievements we have seen at the Olympics this summer. To get ourselves a little healthier, have a try and go to the swimming pool. \" Then she said,\" Swimming is the perfect exercise if you want to feel healthy or simply relax. I find that going for a swim always clears my mind and also gives me some valuable 6 my time'. I like the calm of swimming which I can't experience when I am not in the pool. \" A study by Speedo, an International company, which sells swimsuits, reported the biggest reason why women were put off going to the pool was the way they looked in swimwear. More than half of the l,000 women surveyed have been reduced to tears when trying on swimwear. And 48 percent said they felt too self-conscious to go swimming with their children. Sally Polak, from Speedo, said, \" We're hoping to give women the courage and confidence to get back into the water. \" \n Answer: She has two children of the same age.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about Gabby Logan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-17b99e21047449d7ba5cd02f3283c5ef",
            "input": "Article: It was an autumn morning shortly after my husband and I moved into our first house. Children were upstairs unpacking , and I was looking out of the window at my father moving around mysteriously on the front lawn. My parents lived nearby ,and Dad had visited us several times already. \"What are you doing out there?\" I called to him .He looked up, smiling. \"I'm making you a surprise.\" Knowing my father, I thought it could be just about anything. A self-employed jobber, he was always building things out of odds and ends. When we were kids, he always created something surprising for us. Today, however, Dad would say no more, and caught ups in the busyness of our new life, I eventually forgot about his surprise. Until one gloomy day the following March when I glanced out of the window. Any yet... I saw a dot of blue across the yard. I headed outside for a closer look. They were crocuses  , throughout the front lawn. Lavender, blue, yellow and my favorite pink ---- little faces moved up and down in the cold wind. Dad! I smiled, remembering the things he had secretly planted last autumn. He knew how the darkness and dullness of winter always got me down. What could have been more perfectly timely to my needs? My father's crocuses bloomed each spring for the next four or five seasons, bringing the same assurance every time they arrived: hard times was almost over. Hold on, keep going, light is coming soon. Then a spring came with only half the usual blooms. The next spring there were none. I missed the crocuses. I would ask Dad to come over and plant new bulbs. But I never did. He died suddenly one October day. My family was in deep sorrow, leaning on our faith. I missed him terribly. Four years passed, and on a dismal spring afternoon I was driving back when I found myself feeling depressed. \"You've got the winter depression again and you get them every year.\" I told myself. It was Dad's birthday, and I found myself thinking about him. This was not unusual --- my family often talked about him, remembering how he lived his faith. Once I saw him give his coat to a homeless man. Suddenly I slowed as I turned into our driveway. I stopped and stared at the lawn. And there on the muddy grass and small gray piles of melting snow, bravely waving in the wind, was one pink crocus. How could a flower bloom from a bulb more than 18 years old, one that had not blossomed in over a decade? But there was the crocus. Tears filled my eyes as I realized its significance. Hold on, keep going, light is coming soon. The pink crocus bloomed for only a day. But it built my faith for a lifetime. \n Answer: Winter.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would most probably be the worst time of the year as seen by the writer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a289dc0a9eba402eb9169ebcb1ae93f2",
            "input": "Article: Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words. For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents' home in Boise in nine hours. We traveled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest, easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restless kids who hate confinement and have strong opinions about everything. Road trips felt risky, so I would drive fast, stopping only when I had to. We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired. But then Banner, our lamb was born. He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise. I had two choices: leave Banner with my husband, or take him with me. My husband made the decision for me. That is how I found myself on the road with four kids, a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through. We took the country roads out of necessity. We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him. The kids chased him and one another. They'd get back in the car breathless and energized, smelling fresh from the cold air. We explored side roads, catching grasshoppers in waist-high grass. Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother, or fish leaping out of the water, it was better than the best ride down the freeway. Here was life. And new horizons. We eventually arrived at my parents' doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories. I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique. On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead. I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence. Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey----and the best part of yourself. \n Answer: It would be faster and easier.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author use to take freeways to her parents' home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d0c8a713321a4af38aa9b11d7fd2f9ea",
            "input": "Article: Here are many kinds of vacations. People can go traveling abroad or spend their holidays at the seaside. One kind of vacation is camping. Many Americans enjoy going camping because it is good for them. Each summer millions of Americans drive to the countryside where they find places to camp. There are a lot of national parks in the USA and these national parks mostly stand on the mountains. They are people's favorite camping places.      Campers are free from the busy life in the noisy and crowded city. They throw themselves into the arms of Mother Nature. They enjoy the fresh air, lakes and forests in these parks. Hiking, swimming and fishing are the main kinds of exercise. They can see different sorts of animals and plants there.      Some campers have trailers which they pull behind their cars to the camping places. Trailers are like small houses on wheels, having many of the things that people use in their homes, such as electricity, hot water, kitchen tools and things like that. But most campers don't have trailers. Tent campers lead a very simple but healthy life.      Camping is a pleasant sports activity. After living a while in the open, campers become as fresh as paintings. They feel relaxed. \n Answer: A healthy life.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of life do campers live before they go camping?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3aec36a9b3fd4cb48a6a96d1908903a5",
            "input": "Article: This booklet is designed to help you and your family plan for and survive a major earthquake. By taking action to be prepared, you can lessen the impact of an earthquake on your family. Set aside some emergency supplies, and teach your family what to do at home during and after a disaster. You could be without help for up to 72 hours, so learn to cope for at least that long.     Movement of the ground is seldom the actual cause of death or injury. Most casualties   result from partial building collapse and falling objects and debris, like toppling chimneys, falling bricks, ceiling plaster, and light fixtures. Many of these conditions are easily preventable.     Because earthquakes occur without warning, it's important to take steps now to prepare, so that you know what you can do and how to respond--constructive, protective action is possible.     Have on hand for Any Emergency- Ideas for Home, Workplace, and Car.     Because you don't know where you will be when an earthquake occurs, prepare disaster supplies. \n Answer: teachers",
            "output": [
                "Who is the passage mainly written for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cfe76f8d197f4c7ca2477b07e3ff9366",
            "input": "Article: Here is a question I have often asked at dinner parties: You're on an island with only one other person, your best friend. He's dying of cancer. In his final days, he tells you, \"I have 100,000 dollars in a bank back home. When I die, make sure my son goes to medical school.\" Then he dies. But his son is a no-good playboy who has no interest in going to medical school and will waste that money away in a very short time. But your son is entering college, and he is willing to become a doctor. Which one do you give the money to for medical school? I've asked this question of everyone from the president of a famous university to an ordinary young soldier, and it has never failed to get a discussion going. Everyone has an opinion, most of them different, but all of them correct. Sometimes this one topic lasts the whole evening. \n Answer: Most of the people have the same answer.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bfd152e165b24f56887dc4942e9a86f2",
            "input": "Article: In the near future,we may be using our eyes to operate our smart-phones and tablets,even when it comes to playing popular games like Fruit Ninja. The Gaze Group has been developing eye-controlled computer technology for nearly 20 years.But those devices have been firstly designed to help those with disabilities,and are very expensive. \"After a while,we figured out that probably the best way is to go for a mass-market way,\" says Gaze's Sune Alstrup Johansen.\"where everybody would have this available.\" Johansen and some of his colleagues have formed a new company,the Eye Tribe,which is hoping to develop the technology on a mass commercial level. The technology works with the help of the computing device toward the user's face. After making sure of the user's eye movements,the technology is then able to easily find where a person's eyes are moving,and then allow the eyes to control a cursor . \"Our software can then determine the location of the eyes and know where you're looking on the screen to make sure what you're looking at,\"reads an explanation on the Eye Tribe site. There has been a gradual change toward hands-free technology in recent years, particularly in the gaming world.Recently Xbox released the Kinect device,which lets users control their Xbox and play certain games using only their hands,legs and voices. But still,most of these devices have been more of a _ than a practical way to use one's hands to control a mobile device.Johansen said a replaceable filter would be a cheap,convenient way for most consumers. And even as companies like The Eye Tribe work to create such a product for the average user, making the eye-controlled technology more accessible and less expensive will have similar benefits for physically disabled users. For more articles on modern science,please CLICK here. \n Answer: An introduction of a new technology for the disabled.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4df2fe4e51e0423c9c9fa4a224dbe461",
            "input": "Article: In reflecting on the events of my life that have impacted me, I returned to the night of August 1, 2006. I found myself in a hall in New York City sitting by my mother, not at all tired, although we had flown the day before, and driven five hours to the city for \"An Evening with Harry, Carrie and Garp,\" a charity event with readings by three authors. The excitement rushing through me kept me awake and thinking; I was standing and applauding a woman as she prepared to read. The Harry Potter series was my gateway to my academic adolescence. I was so fascinated by the magic world that my mother began taking me to academic conferences focused on the books. Since 2005, I have attended presentations about the Latin origin of terms and spells, the ancient tales, and the idea of magic. These books opened my eyes to the whole world, and to knowledge itself. They kept my brain working over the summers. More importantly, they helped me adopt the ideas useful in school and beyond, that there is always another way to do something, or to understand an issue. With uncertainty and doubt come creative ideas and new ways to look at problems that may result in new, different, faster and easier solutions. And all this came from a little \"magic\" from a book that many people see as a series for children. I also attended lectures about Ms. Rowling's ability to beautifully write the story, with every small detail connected to something else, for example, details in books by Jonathan Swift to Chaucer to Dickens and Austin. I learned that like all great books, Rowling's stories encouraged a connection across mind, body, and soul. Although the series has been criticized by those who believe it encourages bad behavior in children, I was able to hear discussions by those who claimed that these books teach wonderful messages if one gets its deeper meaning. It is my generation's shared text; all college freshmen are familiar with the stories, and that gives us a set of common beliefs and ideas that help us start to learn new things. \n Answer: He enjoyed the excitement of driving.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author do on the night of August 1, 2006?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-085a9790214a420ca9c2b01554c73b3d",
            "input": "Article: Electronic book publishing has many of the same risks and opportunities as electronic music publishing. By delivering text direct to the user's computer screen, the e-book could cut down costs, and allow creators to deal directly with their audience, bypassing   traditional publishers and readers. But it also raises the possibility of mass piracy  . Phil Rance, founder and managing director of Online Originals, a London-based e-book publisher, sums it up. \"No one wants Napster   to happen to books.\" Indeed, the most popular MP3 have put the frighteners on   an industry that generally operates some way behind the \"bleeding edge\". The Mata Group, a leading US-based market researcher, says publishers are far too concerned about protecting their rights, \"We believe all the recent legal control over Napster is like putting a finger in a river that is already overflowing. Publishers need to deal with reality and come up with new ways to develop wide electronic distribution  , asking the question: 'How can we use the certainty of wide distribution to our advantage?'\" At the moment, most publishers would like to limit the use of e-books to the person who bought them, or to the computer used to download them. If that can be done, e-books become just an extra income stream in a publishing industry that would continue to operate the way it does today, according to Terry Robinson, business manager for Adobe's e-paper group. \"If you've cracked digital rights aspect, you've cracked the market,\" he says. Robert Nichols, Books Director at BOL agrees, \"Rights management is absolutely important. Publishers just say that 'until copyright is secure, we're not going to talk'.\" \n Answer: The E-book-- a New and Big Challenge",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title for this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d40e5f1225e44d5b9bebd218fe74c689",
            "input": "Article: The Australian city of Sydney is experiencing its hottest day on record, with temperatures reaching nearly 46C. A temperature of 45.8C was recorded at Observatory Hill in the city at 14:55 local time.  Some areas in the wider Sydney region were even hotter, with the town of Penrith, to the west, registering a temperature of 46.5C.  Firefighters are still battling dozens of wildfires sparked by the intense heat in New South Wales and Victoria. The small town of Licola in eastern Victoria is reported to have been cut off by a 44,500-hectare fire, as its only access road is blocked.  Officials said dozens of people had been evacuated but 10 locals were still there.   Rob Gilder, a sheep farmer, said he and two employees had found themselves trapped on their farm and were \"in grave danger\". He told the Herald Sun they were taking steps to protect their house and farm equipment, but that he was concerned for his livestock, and that the situation could worsen. \"I am very worried. But I am hopeful that one of those helicopters will come and get us but I think the smoke might beat them.\"  Australia faces wildfires each year as temperatures climb. In February 2009, on what has come to be known as Black Saturday, 173 people were killed in fires in the state of Victoria. On Friday, Prime Minister Julia Gillard attended a memorial service for fires in 2003 in the capital, Canberra, which killed four people and destroyed thousands of homes.  She reminded Australians to \"take the appropriate precautions  to stay safe and monitor information from local emergency services as they work to protect lives and property\", the AFP news agency reports. \n Answer: Prime Minister Julia Gillard",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f00ae8afe96a43b8b4a2259c5e105afc",
            "input": "Article: We've all heard the quote, 'Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle.' My husband and son died within two years of each other. From my personal experience, I believe that if we aren't careful, grief can become a rather self-involved process in which we can become so focused on our own suffering that we miss the opportunity to connect with, and possibly bring comfort to, someone else who may be going through a similar experience.  Six months after my husband died, I was sinking in the quicksand of grief. I could not pull myself out of the misery. In that moment, I actually believed that my life was more difficult than anyone else around me. Life handed me a perfectly wrapped lesson that opened my eyes to the fact that through my suffering I had allowed myself to become blinded by my self-pity. The lesson presented itself in a health crisis. I had complications   from a surgical procedure and ended up being hospitalized for four days. I was in an extreme amount of pain during this time. Between the physical pain and the emotional pain of grief, I was an   mess. I should also tell you that I am a Registered Nurse. As a nurse, it is hard to be on the receiving end of medicine as the patient. The first three nights that I was in the hospital, the same nurse took care of me. She was young, maybe in her mid to late 20s, and she hardly interacted with me at all the first two nights, other than to give my medications as scheduled. She obviously had no idea how much emotional pain I was in. How hard is it to ask your patient how she's feeling? I wrote her off as a bad nurse who had little sympathy, and remained absorbed in my own emotional and physical pain. The third night the young nurse was a little more talkative. She asked me how I was feeling (finally!). I told her that I was struggling with depression and grief because my husband had died in an airplane accident. She looked at me and told me that her husband had died too, just two months earlier. I was stunned. Speechless. Shocked. Never, in any of the possibilities that my mind entertained of why this nurse was so unfriendly to me, did I even consider that she might be in the same pain I was. Not only was she grieving as I was, but she was having to take care of me, instead of caring for herself and her family. We went on to talk and share our stories about our late husbands and children. I like to think that we helped each other a bit that night. We had much more in common than I would have believed. We were both widowed single moms with young children, and nurses. But, that was where the similarities ended. Her husband had no insurance policy. She had very little family support. She was working paycheck to paycheck to support her boys. I was humbled. I realized how much I had to be grateful for. And, frankly, I never saw life the same way after this experience. This experience was a life-changing event for me. I had always prided myself on being a sympathetic person, but I realize now that I had not really understood what being sympathetic meant. To truly be sympathetic, you must be able to see beyond your own pain to be witness to the pain. I never looked at another person in the same way after this experience. I thank death for very few things. The gift of sympathy for my fellow man, and understanding that we all suffer in ways that aren't always visible, are presents from death that I will always be grateful for. Always take the time to be kind even when you're suffering with your own pain. And don't assume that someone else has it easier than you. You never know the battles someone else is fighting. \n Answer: The nurse was irresponsible.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author regard the nurse as a bad one at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c8f050686f19423b9228093a1410c44d",
            "input": "Article: Mobile phones are an important business tool for farmers in rural areas. But they also put a valuable educational tool in their hands. The University of Illinois in the United States has a project called SAWBO--Scientific Animations Without Borders. It produces educational videos that can be downloaded to cell phones. The goal is to help people in developing countries improve their lives. One video shows farmers how to make a natural insecticide from neem seeds to prevent insect damage to crops. The process starts with sorting and drying the neem fruits. Then let the fruit dry in the sun for about three or four days, until they become brown. Using a mortar  and stick, the fruits are slightly _ to remove the shells from the fruits without breaking the seed inside. The videos use computer animation . Some of the animated characters are a little funny looking-like a farmer with a long nose. But the subjects are serious, including a health video on preventing cholera . Team member Francisco Seufferheld says the information in the videos is meant to be quickly understood. He says, \"The information is digested in such a way that in two minutes, we can transmit a complex idea.\" The researchers tested the seven-minute video on seven mobile phones. They wanted to see if people would share the video using Bluetooth wireless technology. With Bluetooth, files can be passed to a nearby phone even if neither phone is connected to the Internet. As a result, in one month, the video had spread to one hundred eighteen people in fifty different villages. \"This is just incredible impact,\" said Francisco Seufferheld. The team has made a few videos so far. These are available in a total of eighty languages, dialects and accents. Professor Barry Pittendrigh says there are plans for more videos later this year. \n Answer: A valuable educational project for farmers",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b31759f5971549d28638cb8705630705",
            "input": "Article: These days, if you still think the cellphone is just for talking, you will get laughed at. Yes, it's true, voice-only handsets have become out of date. Today's do-it-all mobiles have a lot in common with the computer. The only difference may be that they fit in your pocket and you pay by the minutes to use them. Some of the things a cellphone can do for you will be available this year:          Surf at speed          Cellpones that let you use the Web have been around for years. So, what's new? Well, faster third-generation(3G) net works let you surf at anywhere. This then allows a carrier to send video, music, and games to your phone. Possible choices are from LG Electronic VX 8000 and Motorola V 1150.          Listen as you go          The problem with most cellphone MP3 players is that they hold only a handful of songs. But, that's about to change. Sony Ericsson's new W800i can hold around 150 songs in its 500 MB memory. And Sumsung's SPH-V5400 even comes with a 1.5 GB hard drive. Mobile phones may eventually replace mini-MP3 players, especially for teens.          Say cheese          Camera cellphones are not new either. But, most of them have limitations: around 1-megapixel . But new technology has made 2-megapixel units more common and 3-megapixel units are showing up soon. Some 2-megapixel models, like Sony Ericsson's K750i, offer limited zoom and focus controls. Others, like LG's recent MMA7110, can even capture 30 minutes of full- motion video.          Portable TV          You say you like \"watching TV\"? That's what Sumsung MM-A700 wants to give you. The new model lets users watch popular TV programs--for a fee. Other choices are Nokia's 6620, Sanyo's MM 7400 and NEC's N940.The NEC model lets you watch public TV--no fee.          The above are just a handful of what you will see in the coming months. Further down the road, your mobile phone may play a host of other roles, such as mobile credit card, position locator... So what is there that a cellphone can't do? \n Answer: Sony Ericsson's W800i and Sumsung's SPH-V5400",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following models should you choose to listen to the music?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8b7bb32201e94387be36cb3ef88cd557",
            "input": "Article: Teenagers who do not get enough of the nutrients commonly found in fruits and fish are easier to have bad lungs, coughing and wheezing  .Teens who eat the least of fruit and especially vitamin C have weaker lungs compared to the others. Teens who take in less vitamin E, found in vegetable oil and nuts, are more likely to have asthma , Jane Bums at the Harvard School of Public Health found. Based on these findings.Bums said that current recommended dose of vitamin C, 85 mg a day, may not be enough for teens to have healthy lungs.Teens who eat less fruit and don't take in enough fatty acids   are more likely to have asthma and the signs of breathing difficulty. Proper amounts of fatty acids are protective, Bums said, though fish, the best source of fatty acids, is particularly unpopular with teenagers.Fatty acids are also found in some nuts as well as some green vegetables'.Smokers who avoid vitamin C will increase their chances of coughing, wheezing and developing phlegm . More than 80 percent of teens are getting their recommended doses of vitamin C - mainly from fruit drinks.\"I wouldn't approve of drinking them, but at least they're getting their vitamin C from somewhere,\" Burns said. Burns added that there are several different ways to get the necessary nutrients.\"I think vitamin supplements are fine.I think adding vitamin D to orange juice is fine.But I do think there are added benefits that we don't fully understand of eating whole foods like fruits and vegetables and fish,\" she said.The researchers did not account for poverty and other factors that often distinguish less-healthy eaters and may explain their findings. \n Answer: They are likely to have weaker lungs.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what is the problem with teens who don't get enough nutrients?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ec49bddb7194528abcac0076f70dcc7",
            "input": "Article: On the whole, it's not something we parents shout about, but one in four of us does it. Hiring private tutors for our children is now widespread. \"It's expensive, but worth it,\" says Ashan Sabri, whose daughter Zarreen, is having tuition in biology and chemistry in preparation for A-levels this summer. \"My husband and I tried to tutor her at home, but we found all our knowledge was out of date and we were only confusing Zarreen. We also tried a group revision course but all the children were sitting in a room for different kinds of exams. On the whole, we think one-to-one tuition works best.\" The real reason is: does tutoring do any good? \"It's not the _ ,\" says Professor Judith Ireson, author of a 2005 Institute of Education report on the subject. \"It's still up to the child to do the learning. If he or she isn't interested, sending them to a private tutor won't do any good. However, we did find that students who had private tuition in mathematics during the two years before GCSE achieved on average just under half a grade higher than students who did not have a tutor.\" In which case, surely it's time to break open the champagne? Not necessarily, says Elaine Tyrrell, head of The Rowans School, Wimbledon, a preparation school which regularly gets children into the best private schools. \"While we recommend private tutoring for a few children whose first language isn't English, we don't encourage it for the others. With the level of education they get here, children really ought to be able to pass the entrance exams without any extra teaching. And our worry is that they might just get used to getting help from last-minute tutoring, but, once they actually get to that school, they won't be able to cope.\" But Mylene Curtis, owner of Fleet Tutors, one of the biggest tutoring agencies in the country, holds a different view. \"In some respects, the hurdles children have to leap in order to get into these schools are set at a higher level than the reality,\" says Curtis. \"We often find that, once a child has got into a school, the standard of work isn't as high as was feared. The trick is to do well enough in the exam to win a place.\" \n Answer: It is effective because it doesn't focus on specific exams.",
            "output": [
                "What does Ashan Sabri think of the group revision course?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7bf064b5947245ff9b72888efdbbe522",
            "input": "Article: If you put a buzzard  in a pen  six to eight feet square and entirely open at the top, the bird, in spite of its ability to fly, will be a prisoner. The reason is that a buzzard always begins a flight from the ground with a run of ten to twelve feet. Without space to run, it will not even attempt to fly, but remain a prisoner for life in a small prison with no top. The ordinary bat that flies around at night, a remarkably nimble creature in the air, cannot take off from a level place. If it is placed on the floor or flat ground, all it can do is to _ about helplessly and, no doubt, painfully,until it reaches some slight height from which it can throw itself into the air. Then, at once, it takes off like a flash. A bumblebee  , if dropped into an open tumbler , will be there until it dies, unless it is taken out. It never sees the means of escape at the top, but insists on trying to find some way out through the sides near the bottom. It will seek a way where none exists until it completely destroys itself. In many ways, there are lots of people like the buzzard, the bat and the bumblebee. They are struggling about with all their problems and frustrations, not realizing that the answer is right there above them. \n Answer: Because it lost its ability to fly.",
            "output": [
                "Why does a buzzard choose to stay in a pen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5d7019480ee841bd8b9508cfd0474b60",
            "input": "Article: The fourth round of heavy smog to hit Beijing in four weeks has sent more people to the hospital with respiratory  illnesses and led to calls for laws to control the pollution. Pan Shiyi, a celebrity real estate developer said he is planning to propose   a Clean Air Act to the local government. As a representative to the Beijing Municipal People's Congress, he started an online survey at 9:20 a.m. Within three hours, more than 25,000 web users, or 99 percent of total respondents , welcomed his proposal on Sina Weibo, China's Twitter. They have good reasons to stand alongside Pan. The latest round of haze reduced visibility to under 500 meters in many parts of the city. The smog has also led to a great increase in respiratory illnesses, particularly among children and the elderly. Anxious parents and doctors almost all blame the smoggy air for the illnesses. Though most schoolchildren are home for the winter holidays, the bad air can easily move indoors. Besides, ordinary medical masks fail to provide adequate protection, so some people have turned to gas masks and respirators . The causes of the scary smog are rather mysterious, though experts blame excessive emissions and the mountains around Beijing that trap pollution in winter, unless there is adequate wind to clear it away. Some critics have pointed fingers at China's top two oil firms, China National Petroleum Corp and China Petrochemical Corporation, saying the companies' outdated production technologies produce large quantities of substandard, high-polluting gas fuel. Meanwhile, concerned Beijingers have moved their brainstorming sessions to cyberspace. If Pan's proposal for a Clean Air Act is adopted, netizens say the new law should include items providing for \"car-free days\" in times of smog, higher standards for vehicle fuel, stricter restrictions on industrial and exhaust gas emissions, and more effective protection for the public. Beijing is not the only city that has ever lost the blue sky. Five days of thick fog caused thousands of deaths in Britain in December 1952, urging the government to pass the first Clean Air Act in 1956, which introduced smokeless zones and cleaner fuels to reduce pollution. That may provide some experience for Beijing to refer to. \n Answer: Masks can give people protection against the smoggy weather.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8beaa1dc784d45768ecc0fd1dd44703b",
            "input": "Article: Born with easy-broken bone disease, Zhang Yonghong is only half a meter tall and must use a wheelchair. His thin arms and legs can hardly support any weight, and he is unable to take care of himself. However, his hands are able to produce fine paper-cuts, which will free his daughter from the same disease. To support himself, he learned how to make paper-cut art from his mother. He sold his artwork and taught his techniques in Xi'an for eight years before discovering his young daughter _ the disease from him, leading Zhang to move his family to Beijing for his daughter's better treatment five years ago. The daughter's treatment costs about 30,000 yuan a year. The family's savings was used up in two years, and Zhang was forced to start to sell his work in underground passages with his healthy wife, who soon left him because of the hard life. With a little help from government, he was lucky to meet some kindhearted people in Beijing. A Hong Kong businessman gave 60,000 yuan to him last year to treat the girl and start a small shop on Qiangulouyuan, which is known as a famous hutong that attracts lots of tourists over holidays. Zhang Rui, a university graduate, spends most of her time helping Zhang sell the paper-cuts, translating the stories of the paper-cuts into English and selling the works on the roadside of Nanluoguxiang. However, the artist still lives beyond his income   and struggles to continue his small business. \"Selling paper-cuts is his only source of income. Without this, he can't support the family and treat his daughter,\" says Zhang Rui, who hopes more people will help Zhang. \n Answer: His easy-broken bone disease affected him.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Zhang grow only half a meter tall?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-216f26a0d93c4ba0ac9678d149624bce",
            "input": "Article: Tuvalu is located in the South Pacific. It is tiny and has only nine islands with a population of just 11,000. In 1999, it was the third- poorest country in the world. The islanders earned just $1,000 each year. But then something unusual happened. Tuvalu received an internet domain   name--the letters \"tv\". These letters were very interesting for many companies around the world. A communication company from California offered to buy the domain name \"tv\" for $40 m. For the Tuvalans this was a very large amount of money. The islanders became very rich. Because of global warming, and because the islands are only 3m above sea level, Tuvalu will probably become the first country in the world that will disappear under the sea. You can already see signs of the rising sea on Tuvalu. Some beaches are disappearing and you can see tree roots by the ocean. Cyclones used to be very rare but they now appear a few times a year, and the rains that come with the cyclones cause flooding. Despite these problems, the Tuvalans had their new money. They could use it to buy themselves a future. Or at least they could use it to buy some time. Paul Lindsay, a documentary film-maker, took these questions with him all the way to Tuvalu, and came back with an incredible  story. As the water rises, the Tuvalans are using the money to develop the land. They are building new houses, planning nightclubs, restaurants and hotels and new cars are driving around on new roads. The residents do not think this is strange: \"Just because we are sinking, it doesn't mean we don't want to raise our standards of living.\" Sam Teo, Tuvalu's minister for natural resources told Lindsay. \n Answer: The average income of the Tuvalans is $1000 in 1999.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following information about Tuvalu is WRONG?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5c2b15345ff44e4a92ca9e2355c1f5a7",
            "input": "Article: All schoolchildren should have \"happiness\" lessons up to the age of 18 to combat growing levels of depression, according to a senior government adviser. \"Pupils should study subjects such as how to manage feelings, attitudes to work and money, channeling   negative emotions and even how to take a critical view of the media,\" said Lord Richard Layard, a Labor peer and professor of economics at the London School of Economics. The proposal comes only days after the Government said that lessons in manners--including respect for the elderly and how to say \"please\" and \"thank you\"--should be taught in secondary schools to combat bad behavior. Lord Layard, the director of the wellbeing program at the LSE's Center for Economic Performance, said: \"Learning hard things takes an enormous amount of practice. To play the violin well takes 10,000 hours of practice. How can we expect people to learn to be happy without large amounts of practice and repetition?\" It is believed that at least two percent of British children under 12 now struggle with significant depression. Among teenagers, the figure rises to five percent. A UNICEF study involving 21 developed countries showed that British children were the least satisfied with their lives, while the World Health Organization predicts that childhood psychiatric   disorders will rise by 50 percent by 2020. In a speech at Cambridge University, Lord Layard said the Government's lessons in manners did not go far enough. \"We need a commitment to producing a major specialism in this area, with a serious teacher training program,\" he said. However, happiness lessons have been criticized by academics. Frank Furedi, a sociology professor at Kent University and author of Therapy Culture, said: \"In pushing emotional literacy, what some teachers are really doing is abandoning teaching. They are giving up and talking about emotions instead, so that children value all this non-discipline-led activity more than maths, English or science. What is amazing about this is that time and time again, research says that it does not work.\" \n Answer: They can hardly meet the special demands of education.",
            "output": [
                "What does Lord Layard think of the Government's lessons in manners?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b8fe21df081247159f4478976eeb2e08",
            "input": "Article: Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to visit other countries, modern cities and ancient towns. They travel to enjoy these special places, or just to relax. It is always interesting to discover new things and different ways of life, such as by meeting different people, trying different food, and listening to different music. People who live in the country like to go to big cities. They like to spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at restaurants. People who live in the city usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe in the sun. Most travellers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interests them. Then, perhaps years later, they can look at the photos and be reminded of the happy time they once had. People often travel by train, by boat or by car. All means of travelling have their advantages and disadvantages and people choose one according to their plans and the places they are going. If we travel a lot, we will see and discover a lot of things that we could never see or experience at home, though we may read about them in books and newspapers. The best way to study geography is to travel, and the best way to get to know and understand people is to meet them in their own homes. \n Answer: To go to big cities and meet different people.",
            "output": [
                "What is interesting to do when people travel?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1209b349d47c496da9cc7cf9b2391a24",
            "input": "Article: Bookable study rooms The Library provides a variety of bookable group study rooms, some with presentationareas, for groups of between 6 and 12 students to use for team work. Group study rooms There are 10 Group Study Rooms on Level 30f Northampton Square Library. *Rooms 3A, 3F, 3G, 3H, 3J and 3K are equipped with presentation area to help prepare group presentations. *Rooms 3B, 3C, 3D and 3E are intended for group discussion and seminar work. These rooms are equipped with whiteboards. Whiteboard pens can be borrowed from the service desk on Level 2.  Please do not use any other writing tools on the whiteboards. Maximum booking period of 2 hours at one time. Presentation areas provide: *LED screen to practice presentation with group colleagues *Network access on PC with wide range of software USB port to plug in your own device or laptop Assistive Technology Rooms Assistive technology rooms are available for students by using ID cards to get access permission and can be booked for a maximum of 4 hours per person per day. Rooms are equipped with the following software: Dragon, JAWS, Zoom Text, Kurzweil, Supernova, TextHelp and Inspiration.  A scanner is provided for use with the assistive software packages. For further information click Guide to Library Services for Additional Needs. \n Answer: They are equipped with whiteboards.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Group Study Rooms?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3d22a47094584afa856a3e823b3396a1",
            "input": "Article: When I was young, my father used to grow carnations  ----- a kind of flower which was red, pink and white. He took care of them with much love and devotion. Every day he came back home from work, he would enjoy watching them. Everyone who saw them admired them for their beauty. And he used to tell us, \"No one should touch my flowers.\" One day, my younger sister Clemence, who loved dad very much, wanted to help him. So she cut the carnations from their stems  one by one and arranged them on the ground. She believed that dad would be very pleased to see them that way. When mom and I realized what my sister had done, we became completely speechless. However, my sister had no idea why no one showed her any appreciation. When my dad arrived, he went straight to see the flowers as usual. Seeing his flowers lying on the ground like dead animals, he was shocked at first. He looked towards the street to see if it was any of the neighbor's children who could have done it. Then he looked at mom in silence. Finally mom, who always taught us to tell the truth no matter what, said, \"No bad neighbors did this great job, only your lovely daughter Clemence.\" Dad's face changed into a smile and then he said, \"Do I have a better flower than my lovely daughter?\" My younger sister smiled and hugged dad strongly. \n Answer: Dad had thought one outsider had cut the flowers from the stems.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e11b247d18e4cf7bcc75508bd7e0430",
            "input": "Article: \"Tear them apart!\" \"Kill the fool!\" \"Murder the referee !\" These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made,they may seem innocent(,) enough. But let's not kid ourselves.They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real violence. Books have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain meanings may cause us to react in ways quite foreign  to what we consider to be our usual behavior. I see the term \"opponent\" as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms. The dictionary meaning of the term \"opponent\" is \"enemy\", or \"one who opposes your interests.\" Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. I remember an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player's request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. The player went away to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then screamed, \"Are they wet enough now?\" In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the effect that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent's intentional and illegal blocking by hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which differs from normal behavior. Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated the game to the level where it belongs, setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term \"opponent\" with \"associate\" could be a good way to start. The dictionary meaning of the term \"associate\" is \"friend\" or \"companion.\" You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term \"associate\" rather than \"opponent\". \n Answer: He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.",
            "output": [
                "What did the handball player do when he was not allowed to change his gloves?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76af7a1aee0c42da933503ff59bcc93c",
            "input": "Article: On a hot summer's day Jonathan and his classmates were anxiously sitting in their classroom, waiting for the final bell of the day to sound. Jonathan prayed that the bell would ring soon, because he wanted to quickly run home before the three huge, fat, smelly bullies   could see him. Every day the three bullies would wait there for an innocent school kid to tease and bully. The moment the bell sounded, Jonathan rushed out with his bag. He sped off across the school field and out onto the walkway. However, all of his effort was useless because leaning on a fence were the three bullies. Jonathan thought about crossing the street next to him, but it would be too risky. So he hid behind a small bush in hope that the three would leave. But he moved too quickly and was seen by one of the bullies. They approached him then. One bully grabbed Jonathan by the collar of his shirt and grabbed the money out of Jonathan's pocket and put it into his own. \"G-Give it back\", Jonathan weakly said. \"G-G-Give it b-back\", mocked   the bully. The other two bullies laughed. Beside them was a small dirty stream. \"Let's throw him in there\", said one of the bullies. Then they threw Jonathan into the stream and walked off down the walkway. Jonathan shakily picked himself up out of the creek and continued his walk home with his head down and tears in his eyes. He dared not cry because he knew boys didn't cry. Jonathan arrived at his house where his mother was waiting outside the front door with an angry look on her face. \"Why are you so late and dirty?\" she asked curiously. \"I slipped\", he quietly replied. \n Answer: Because he didn't like to go to school.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jonathan run home immediately after school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-06b5b341a266452da981a43cfff6f554",
            "input": "Article: The oil resources which are left will not last very long. This means that all vehicles such as cars, trains, buses, planes and ships that need oil to work will not be able to run. So it will be necessary to develop a new system of transport which uses a fuel more than oil. Electric vehicles are one possibility. In Britain, most families have at least one car and this car is used every day. It could be that only one person in the family drives the car to work or for shopping. The number of cars on the road which are almost empty perhaps helps to explain why the oil is used up so quickly. The family car is a very useful form of transport but it is also a great waste of energy, especially if it is compared with buses or trains. Much petrol is used by a car which is traveling at 120 kilometers an hour. Clearly, it would be better if there were fewer cars on the road and more speed limits so that the oil which is left will last as long as possible. About 25% of Britain's total consumption of energy is _ --it is used only in the home. Just over 20% is used for transport. Most of the energy is used in industry. It is difficult to suggest any possible energy conservation in industry because many of the suggestions would mean that some people would lose their jobs. It is important that industry produces the same amount of products using the same amount of workers. Obviously, conservation is not going to be the answer to the energy crisis . The most it can do is to give more time for a better solution to be found. The more time which is available for new sources of energy to be developed, the better it is because there is still a lot of work to be done in order to find suitable, safe methods of producing energy. \n Answer: Electric vehicles are used.",
            "output": [
                "In Britain, what reason could help to explain why oil is used up very quickly?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dfe36dd4aebe4ed3aa509006452fcd89",
            "input": "Article: The influence of America is increasing in my country. Spanish people drink Coca Cola, wear blue jeans, watch Hollywood movies, listen to American music, and eat fast food, and they do these things every day. I think that American movies are a good way to spread American culture because people are often influenced by what they see in the movies. Most of the programs and documentaries   we watch on TV are from America, and most of the movies we go to see are made in Hollywood. In the last few years, the government has tried to protect the Spanish movies. Now, in our cinemas, at least twenty percent of the movies which are shown must be from Spain or from other countries in Europe. American culture is a part of Spanish life now. It's certain that many things from America are as much a part of people's lives as Spanish things. For example, Coca Cola is as familiar to everybody as any typical Spanish product. I've known about Coca Cola for my whole life. However, it's different with Western fast food. For example, I don't think McDonald's is as successful in Spain as it is in other countries. In my opinion, one of the reasons may be the lifestyle of the Spanish people. The Spanish people normally eat at home. On the other hand, maybe McDonald's hamburgers will eventually replace the famous Spanish tapas. It's true that in every city in Spain you can find a McDonald's, and it is more popular among the Spanish children than among the adults. In any case, it's obvious that American culture is becoming more and more a part of our lives every day. \n Answer: Hollywood movies.",
            "output": [
                "What plays an important part in the spreading of American culture in Spain?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1dfc183ea0124b598838ec2882e43ce2",
            "input": "Article: What's the most expensive place to station an employee overseas? London? Tokyo? Sao Paulo? Try Luanda, Angola. That's the finding of a survey by Mercer, the world's largest human resources consulting firm, headquartered in New York City. Two African cities (Luanda, N'Djamena) were in the top 10, along with four (Moscow, Geneva, Zurich, Bern) in Europe, three (Tokyo, Singapore, Hong Kong) in Asia and one (Sydney) in Australia. Switzerland alone has three cities in the top 10. Mercer's 2013 Cost of Living Survey examined data from 214 cities worldwide, comparing a market basket of over 200 goods and services, including unfurnished luxury two-bedroom apartments or three-bedroom houses, movie tickets, blue jeans, international newspapers, coffee, fast food restaurant meals, gasoline, milk and soda. If it sounds odd that Angola would be the most expensive, Mercer's Barb Marder explains that\"Despite being one of Africa's major oil producers, Angola is a  ly poor country yet expensive for expatriates   since imported goods can be dear. In addition, finding secure living accommodations that meet the standards of expatriates can be challenging and quite costly.\"The survey found similar supply issues in N'Djamena, Chad, the other top 10 city in Africa. Mercer measured locations worldwide against New York, on a U.S. dollar basis, meaning that exchange rate shifts could impact the rankings. For example, although Tokyo is Asia's most expensive city for people who live in a foreign country, the weakening of the Japanese yen against the dollar makes it seem cheaper than it was a year ago. Canada, too, has become a   bargain as the U.S. dollar strengthens against the Canadian dollar. Measurements were taken in March, 2013. What's the trend in the United States?\"Overall, U.S. cities either remain stable in the ranking or have slightly decreased due to the movement of the U.S. dollar against the majority of currencies worldwide,\"explains Mercer's Steven Nurney. However, that may change as real estate  prices rise nationwide. New York is the nation's most expensive place to station expatriates. While housing is generally the most important factor in the survey rankings, the survey revealed some other significant differences in prices. For example, you may need a vodka chaser after paying $ 8.29 for a cup of coffee in Moscow, but the same coffee in Managua, Nicaragua would cost only $ 1.54. Expect to pay $ 20.10 for a movie ticket in London, versus $ 5.91 in Johannesburg. \n Answer: New York.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following cities may be the cheapest for employees overseas?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-870e0ebc37fb4b6fbfa8402e30409e6e",
            "input": "Article: Every Sunday morning, as most people line up outside neighborhood breakfast spots, watch TV news shows, or head for church, Chloris Noelke-Olson is tuning up  her fiddle .  She is preparing to enjoy bluegrass music the old-fashioned way: with friends, at home, for free. \" To be able to play with other people face to face and have that sort of connection, it is spiritual,\" Ms Noelke-Olson said of the weekly house concerts in Chicago she participates in. \" It's like a good conversation with instruments---something that doesn't seem to happen much any more because everyone is chatting on their cellphones.\" She is among a growing group of Americans who are finding it pleasant to get away from the digital grid , at least temporarily. While there is no exact data to track how many people are forming knitting groups, hosting house concerts, or organizing family game nights, it is possible to connect the dots between the rising price of entertainment and the rising sales of board games and craft supplies. In the past two years, the prices for restaurant meals, concert tickets, and movie tickets all increased. At the same time, board games sales rose 6 percent, while total toy sales decreased 3 percent. These trends are expected to continue because of the struggling economy. Instead of equipping their homes with expensive home entertainment systems, consumers are more likely to pick up the old-fashioned way: eye-to-eye. Families are rediscovering ways to come together that have nothing to do with high technology. \"People are turning inward to build an enjoyment time for family and home,\" said Linda Bettencourt, an interior designer in San Francisco whose customers typically live in million-dollar homes. Over the past six months, Ms Bettencourt has been hired to redesign living space to promote the kind of connectivity that doesn't involve wires. \" The big game table is back,\" she says. \"People want to sit around and see each other's face rather than facing a flat-screen TV.\" \n Answer: Because she likes to form a close connection with people.",
            "output": [
                "Why is Chloris Noelke-Olson enjoying bluegrass music the old-fashioned way?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-25da767d953f4354afb376709109937d",
            "input": "Article: I was having a great morning until I sat down in front of my office computer. \"Your password has run out,\" a server message flashed on my screen, with instructions for changing it. Coming up with a new code doesn't seem like a big deal unless you work at my company, where we have to change it monthly, using at least one uppercase  character, one lowercase character, one symbol, and one number. Oh, and the whole thing can't be fewer than eight characters. And I can't use any of the same passwords I've used in the past three months. Suddenly I was cross. What didn't make it any better was that I was deeply depressed after my recent divorce. The flashing cursor  was still waiting for me to type a password that I'd have to re-enter many times for the next 30 days. I remembered a tip from my former boss: I'm going to use a password to change my life. I decided to choose a password, which would remind me that I shouldn't let myself be a victim of my recent breakup and that I was strong enough to do something about it. I made my password Forgive@h3r. I had to type this statement several times a day. Each time my computer would lock. Each time my screen saver with her photo would appear. Each time I would come back from eating lunch alone. In my mind, I wrote \"forgive her\" every day. The simple action changed the way I looked at my ex-wife. That constant reminder led me to accept the way things had happened at the end of my marriage and adopt a new way of dealing with my depression. As the month wore on, I felt slow healing began to take place. By the time my server reminded me to reset my password the following month, I felt free. \n Answer: persist@4Ever",
            "output": [
                "According to the author's company, which code is suitable?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73d5b9a79c884dc497c030943fefccd4",
            "input": "Article: A policeman was questioning 3 blondes who were training to become detectives. To test their skills in recognizing a suspect, he shows the first blonde a picture for5 seconds and then hides it. \"This is your suspect, how would you recognize him?\" The first blonde answers, \"That's easy, we'll catch him fast because he only has one eye!\" The policeman says, \"Well...uh...that's because the picture shows his profile.\" Slightly confused by this ridiculous response, he flashes the picture for 5 seconds at the second blonde and asks her, \"This is your suspect, how would you recognize him?\" The second blonde giggles, flips her hair and says, \"Ha! He'd be too easy to catch because he only has one ear!\" The policeman angrily responds, \"What's the matter with you two? Of course only one eye and one ear are SHOWING because it's a picture of his profile!! Is that the best answer you can come up with?\" Extremely frustrated at this point, he shows the picture to the third blonde and in a very testy voice asks \"This is your suspect, how would you recognize him?\" He quickly adds, \"Think hard before giving me a stupid answer.\" The blonde looks at the picture intently for a moment and says, \"Hmmmm...the suspect wears contact lenses.\" The policeman is surprised and speechless because he really doesn't know himself if the suspect wears contacts or not. \"Well, that's an interesting answer...wait here for a few minutes while I check his file and I'll get back to you on that.\" He leaves the room and goes to his .office, checks the suspect's file in his computer, and comes back with a beaming smile on his face. \"Wow!  I can't believe it...it's TRUE! The suspect does in fact wear contact lenses. Good work! How were you able to make such an acute observation?\" \"That's easy,\" the blonde replied. \"He can't wear regular glasses because he only has one eye and one ear.\" \n Answer: To test their potential of being detectives.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the policeman show a picture to the three blondes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4ec8f506e12e420f9865753f009a618d",
            "input": "Article: JAKARTA, INDONESIA ---Walking with long steps and his smile lighting up a rainy afternoon, Barack Obama seems to have arrived to visit a school he attended as a boy.But wait.He's not real Obama.The US president is back in Washington,                    D.C..        So who is this guy?He's IIham Anas,34,magazine photographer who has taken advantage of his perfect resemblance   to Obama and turned it into his own wealth.[        Since 2007, Anas' s face and big smile have been seen on Southeast Asian TV and the Internet, and in advertisements.Anas's resemblance to the president has turned his life around 180 degrees.        When his sister first mentioned the resemblance,  _ .Then a friend asked him to pose as Obama in front of a US flag.He also refused.\"I'm a photographer, not an object for the camera,\" he said.        However, as soon as he accepted the idea, his career took off.The father of two children is rarely at home these days.Recently a group of reporters followed him on a tour of the school Obama once attended.Anas sat in the classroom where the present US president once studied.He spoke a few lines in English.The moment he opened his mouth, however, the differences became clear.\"Obama is a baritone  ,\"Anas said.\"I'm not.I sound like a little boy.\" He is also shorter than the president, but he makes up for that by practicing Obama's typical actions.        He used to dislike looking into the mirror because of his average appearance.Now he no longer considers himself as an average guy, but a superstar.Looking like a president is a good thing, Anas says.\"How else could a person like me travel the world and meet all kinds of people? I'm really just a shy guy.\"        He says he has made a request to meet President Obama when he arrives, but he hasn't heard back from the president's schedules.        Now, Anas hopes that Obama will win a second term in the White House.\"The longer he's in office, the longer my fame will last,\" he said. \n Answer: Anas visited the school Obama once studied in.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb962f91c6544ebab99b8c18a376c01f",
            "input": "Article: Holidays Holiday News Vacancies  now and in the school holidays at a country hotel in Devon. This comfortable, friendly home-from-home lies near the beautiful quiet countryside, but just a drive away from the sea. The food is simple but good. Children and pets are welcome. Reduced prices for low season. The Snowdonia Centre The Snowdonia Centre for young mountain climbers has a mountain climbing lesson. The beginners' costs are PS57 for a week, including food and rooms. Equipment is included except walking shoes, which can be hired at a low cost. You must be in good health and prepared to go through a period of body exercises. This could be the beginning of a lifetime of mountain climbing adventure. The World Sea Trip of a Lifetime Our World Sea Trip of 2008 will be unlike any holiday you have ever been on before. Instead of one hotel after another, with all its packing and unpacking, waiting and traveling, you just go to bed in one country and wake up in another. On board the ship, you will be well taken care of. Every meal will be first-class and every cabin like your home. During the trip, you can rest on deck , enjoy yourself in the games rooms and in the evening dance to our musical team and watch our wonderful play. You will visit all the places most people only dream about -- from Acapulco and Hawaii to Tokyo and Hong Kong. For a few thousand pounds, all you've ever hoped for can be yours. \n Answer: Choose the holiday in Devon.",
            "output": [
                "What can you do if you like to go on holidays with pets?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-978c357332ca43cdae33d8a724caa55c",
            "input": "Article: Most students try to learn English grammar using grammar textbooks. They study grammar rules and take grammar tests. They use an analytical  approach, attempting to memorize, and then apply, a great number of rules. However, research has proved this method inefficient and ineffective. The truth is, the human brain simply cannot consciously remember process and use hundreds of or thousands of grammar rules. Real speech is too fast. Native speakers do not learn grammar in this way, but rather intuitively   and unconsciously. They learn in a complete way, not by attempting to memorize individual grammar rules. As a result, native speakers use correct grammar fluently and easily. Fortunately, it is possible for English learners to learn grammar this way. Language teacher Blaine Ray has developed a unique \"intuitive\" approach to teach English grammar. Her system uses \"point of view\" stories to teach the patterns of English grammar, allowing students unconsciously to acquire correct grammar without ever studying grammar rules. In this system, the teacher first tells a simple story from one point of view. It may be told about the past, then repeated, but beginning with \"since he was a child\"; then repeated again, but this time about the future. Listening to these stories allows students intuitively and effortlessly to learn English grammar and makes them be able to use it correctly when they speak. Point of View Stories is a creative new way to study English grammar, and offers hope to millions of frustrated English learners. \n Answer: Applying language to situations.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following ways is approved by the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f3560f40e8b14e0caa092c03e0d6cda8",
            "input": "Article: The words \"winner\" and \"loser\" have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one makes someone else lose. To us , a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible ,trustworthy, responsive , and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society. Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge! They can separate facts from opinons and don't pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others. evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusion. Although winners can admire and respect other people,  they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.     Winners do not play \"helpness\", nor do they the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives! They do not give others a false authority over them. Winners are their own bosses and know it.      A winner's timing is right. Winners respond appropriately to the situation. Their responses are related to the message sent. They know the importance and the value of the people involved. Winners know that for every thing there is a season and for every activity a time.     Although winners can freely enjoy themselves, they can also postpone enjoyment, can discipline themselves in the present to enhance their enjoyment in the future. Winners are not afraid to go after what they want, but they do so in appropriate ways. Winners do not get their security by controlling others. They do not set themselves up to lose.     A winner cares about the world and its peoples. A winner is not  _ from the general problems of society ,but is concerned, compassionate, and committed to improving the quality of life. Even in the face of national and international adversity, a winner's self-image is not one of a powerless individual. A winner works to make the world a better place. \n Answer: reliable, independent, responsible and enthusiastic",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can best describe a winner?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e13aace8ceb8433c9e98099d7ef611bb",
            "input": "Article: LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Pop giant Michael Jackson, who took to the stage as a child star, died on Thursday, TMZ website reported. He was 50. There was no official confirmation of the reported death and spokespersons for Jackson could not be reached for comment. \"We've just learned Michael Jackson has died,\" TMZ said. \"Michael suffered a cardiac  arrest earlier this afternoon at his Holmby Hills home and _ were unable to revive him. We're told when paramedics arrived Jackson had no pulse and they never got a pulse back,\" the entertainment site said. It added, \"A source tells us Jackson was dead when paramedics arrived.\" Earlier, the Los Angeles Times said _ had been rushed to a Los Angeles-area hospital by fire department paramedics who found him not breathing when they arrived at the singer's home.The newspaper said paramedics performed perfectly at the scene before taking him to the UCLA Medical Center hospital. Jackson had been due to start a series of comeback concerts in London on July 13 running until March 2010. The singer, whose hits included \"Thriller\" and \"Billie Jean,\" had been rehearsing in the Los Angeles area for the past two months. The shows for the 50 London concerts sold out within minutes of going on sale in March. His lifetime record sales tally is believed to be around 750 million, which, added to the 13 Grammy Awards he received, makes him one of the most successful entertainers of all time. There were concerns about Jackson's health in recent years but the promoters of the London shows, AEG Live, said in March that Jackson had passed a 4-1/2 hour physical examination with independent doctors. \n Answer: The text didn't tell us.",
            "output": [
                "What is the reason of Jackson's death?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0c9e02798a9c4f84a41cf9a5f9ed7bb3",
            "input": "Article: Why doesn't the unemployment rate ever reach zero? Economists, who generally believe that supply tends to meet demand, have long thought about this question. Even in good times, i.e. not now, there are people who can't find work. And even in bad times, i.e. now, there are job openings. With over 14 million people out of work and looking for a job, you would think every available job would be filled. But that's not the case. Not now and not ever. On Monday, the Nobel Prize committee awarded the prize for economics to the three scholars who have done the most to explain this phenomenon. Two of the winners are Americans, Peter Diamond of MIT and Dale Mortensen of Northwestern. The third winner is Christopher Pissarides, who teaches at the London School of Economics and was born on Cyprus. Like most of economics, what they have found about why the jobless and ready-employers don't find each other seems obvious. You have to find out there is job opening you are interested in. Employers need to get resumes  . It takes a while for both employers and employees to make the decision that this is what they want. And these guys came up with a frame-work to study the problem of why people stay unemployed longer than they should and what can be done about it. So what would today's Nobel Prize winners do to solve the current problem of the unemployed? And does the awarding of the prize contribute to the politicians' lowering joblessness? Speaking from his north London home, Pissarides told The Associated Press the announcement came as \"a complete surprise\" though his work had already helped shape thinking on both sides of the Atlantic. For example, the New Deal for Young People, a British government policy aimed at getting 18-24-year-olds back on the job market after long periods of unemployment, \"is very much based on our work,\" he said. \"One of the key things we found is that it is important to make sure that people do not stay unemployed too long so they don't lose their feel for the labor force,\" Pissarides told reporters in London. \"The ways of dealing with this need not be expensive training - it could be as simple as providing work experience.\" \n Answer: It is possible to find a job even in times as bad as now.",
            "output": [
                "According to the writer, which is true about finding jobs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9ce44b691abc42ae99882d9424496940",
            "input": "Article: There are probably no people on Earth who like to gossip as much as the British. If prying into  other's lives were an Olympic sport, then Team GB would surely take the gold medal. And when the British can't watch the lives of real people, they have another source of entertainment to fall back on--the soap opera. British soap operas are very different to US TV dramas. For one, they are normally longer running. The two most popular, Coronation Street and East-enders, have been running for 48 and 24 years respectively. Both are broadcast several times a week, so remarkably there have been more than 7,000 _ of Coronation Street. The most obvious difference is that, unlike US dramas, the British soap operas focus on the real world. There is little glamour  , the stars are rarely rich, and they normally have boring jobs. Perhaps the appeal is that the lives of the characters often mirror the lives of the audience--but with some drama added. This means the viewer can relate to the characters and feel the pain and happiness they go through on the show. Because these soap operas last for decades, the cast is ever changing. The shows rarely focus on one or two main characters. Like the real world, people come and go all the time. However, there are exceptions. Coronation Street's William Roach, 76, has played the role of Ken Barlow since the very first episode of the show in 1960, and he is still a regular. The choice of which soap opera you follow is often cultural: People from the north of British tend to watch Coronation Street as it is set in Manchester. People from the south generally prefer East-enders, which is set in the east of London. The show is generally considered grittier and is aimed at a younger audience. \n Answer: British soap operas deal with real people.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main difference between American dramas and British soap operas?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-99ae0d5a88a8416e93d99cd3f394c918",
            "input": "Article: Terry Thomas has a very boring job ,although it pays very well .What Terry does is sitting in a rowboat all day long .He makes $ 16.37 an hour ,which is certainly an excellent wage for sitting in a little boat and doing nothing. The boat stays all day under a bridge that is being rebuilt. There is a distance of about 100 feet between the boat and the workers on the bridge overhead. The rest of Terry's fellow workers are up on the bridge working. Terry's job is to rescue anyone who falls off the bridge into the water. So far, no one has given him anything to do .Although he's delighted that none of his companions has fallen into the water, he also admits that the job is very boring because there is nothing to do. No one on the work crew really wants duty on the boat. But the job is a union requirement, and it must be filled. To quality for the job, a person must be an excellent swimmer and have training in lifesaving skills. Only a few men on the work crew meet those standards. Before Terry took the boat job, several others had it and gave up because they found it so tedious.  What does Terry do in his little boat all day? He spends a good bit of time making sure that his suntan lotion is adequate for the job of protecting his skin. He reads and listens to the radio .Each day he looks forward to lunch and then to quitting time. \n Answer: A Boring Job",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-66719c5919c3498ea5cd4f187360fab6",
            "input": "Article: During my travels through the mountains of Greece, I was only ever scared   once. It was dusk and as I walked alone I came across six large wolves that were feeding on the body of a dead animal. I had heard many stories about wolves as a child and it was this animal that I feared more than any other. The wolves before me were huge, at least 6 feet long and covered with thick grey fur. As I went near, the wolves left the blood-covered snow that surrounded the body and started walking towards me, one after another. They stopped about 20 metres from me and stared. The lead wolf raised his head into the air and took in a deep breath, as if he was smelling my presence. The animals looked both beautiful and frightening, but I knew I could not show them my fear. As I drew nearer, the lead wolf raised its head once more but this time let out a long, loud cry. The awful cry rang out across the silent valley. I had never heard a more frightening sound. I was almost certain it was a sign to be death. Every moment I expected to see the pack of wolves dash at me, I knew my only hope was to pretend I had no fear. I walked past the line of wolves, like a general moving among his soldiers. They cried out loud again. But when they saw that their cry did not cause me to change my direction or make me run they feared to come after me, so they let me pass and returned to the dead animal. If I had turned back or tried to run away when they marched out to meet me, I am certain the whole pack would have attacked me in a moment. But my show of false courage scared them and kept them back. \n Answer: The man showed no fear as he passed by.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the wolves attack the man?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e089a56c819f4b88b64c77b22af8f2a9",
            "input": "Article: Early one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem. It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle. Despite his exhaustion, Howe slept badly. He tossed  and turned. Then he had a nightmare He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make a small hole in the center of the needle and have the thread run through it. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practical sewing machine. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. To appreciate the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious , but still active part digests your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. However, the unconscious part expresses itself through its own logic and its own language.. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called \"secret messages to ourselves\". \n Answer: Making the thread run smoothly around the needle.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following was the main problem for Elias Howe to design a sewing machine?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-44cde8b8ac754a9085a3c3bed90225ab",
            "input": "Article: Many people cannot start their day without first having a cup of coffee or tea.These drinks help them think clearly and feel more awake.This is because of caffeine,which helps to give a jump start to the nervous system.Now,a report says it may also boost long-term memory. Mike Yassa is a neurobiology professor.He and other researchers wanted to know if caffeine could improve a person's memory.He explains,\"After you learn anything,it takes some time for that memory to strengthen.And over the first 24 hours is actually where most of   the forgetting happens.So that is where we wanted to intervene with caffeine and see if we can help reduce this forgetting.\" They took 160 caffeine-free people and showed them pictures of everyday objects. These people were asked if the objects could be found inside the house, or outdoors.Then some of the subjects were given a caffeine pill.The others were given a placebo--a pill containing nothing. 24 hours later,the subjects were shown the exact same images from the day before.They were also shown images with slight differences,and some completely new images. Both groups correctly identified the exact same and completely new pictures.But those who took the caffeine pill were better at spottingthe pictures that were slightly different. Professor Yassa says their answers helped to show the effects of caffeine on memory. And  we find that if they are on caffeine they are much more likely to make the right decision.\" The amount of caffeine the researchers used in the study was similar to one cup of strong coffee.The researchers did not see any improvement to memory from smaller doses of caffeine or when it was given an hour before viewing the images. \n Answer: Caffeine can make people feel comfortable.",
            "output": [
                "What is the focus of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b028d777f30b425aaadebefb607699fb",
            "input": "Article: Are you bored and lonely? Do you want to make new friends? Do long working hours make it difficult for you to get out and about to meet new people? Maybe you or your friends have moved to a new area and this has left you feeling lonely.  Even if you are already the proverbial social butterfly, you may still find that your existing friends do not share the same interests and feelings. You may have a satisfying social life, but you still find you have no one to travel with. You may have your circle of friends, but find that none of them will join you in the activities or sports that interest you most. These are just a few of the reasons why millions of people search online to find new friends. Matchmaking websites are good tools to make friends online. Profile matching technologies enable you to search for new friends by age, gender, location, interests and much more. You can make friends near you or anywhere in the world and learn about new countries, cultures and lifestyles. Making friends online is easy and anonymous   as members get to know you by your username only. You can get in touch with members by sending private messages, joining in discussion forums, or sharing online chat.  When you are ready, you can take your new friendships into the real world by arranging meetings to share your common interests. If you prefer to meet in numbers, you can join or create your own local group in which members share interests and activities near you. \n Answer: You can share interests with your online friends.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7d3cf94dc33246119431b222ebd00b9b",
            "input": "Article: When you are far away from home for the first time and have a lot to adjust to,you can't do it alone. However independent you are,it is good to have a roommate during your first year. Living with someone helps ease your loneliness. Sure it may seem appealing to be able to play your music and turn up your TV as loud as you want, but coming home to an empty room every day can be depressing. If you have a bad day, you may want to talk to someone. Friends are great sources of venting  , but friends can't always be there. Even worse, they may be selfcentered and show no interest in your problem. It's not that roommates aren't like this, but even just small talk can help you feel better. Having a roommate teaches you how to get along with people and settle conflict. You two should set up rules immediately and discuss what to do when there is conflict. If you two don't like each other,you still study,relax,and sleep in the same room. You must find a way to get along. Finally,having a roommate exposes   you to different ways of living. Your roommate may come from a different city,and have different living habits. He or she also has different interests and personalities. You don't have to end up liking the same things your roommate does,but try to learn something different. You will be surrounded by many different people in college and have the chance to try things you never have before. Why not start learning from your roommate? Having a roommate gives you the skills and personal background you will need to utilize   when you are out on your own. Make the most of living with a stranger and besides,there will be plenty of opportunities for you to have your own room later in your college years. \n Answer: Students who will graduate from college soon.",
            "output": [
                "Who are probably the intended readers of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b4a1832c882c410891f6b013313383d6",
            "input": "Article: Write a winning story! You could win PS1,000 in this year's Fiction Prize and have your story printed in Keep Writing magazine. Ten other lucky people will win a cheque for PS100. Once again, we need people who can write good stories. The judges, who include Mary Littlejohn, the novelist, Michael Brown, the television reporter, and Susan Hitchins, the editor of Keep Writing, are looking for interesting and original stories. Detective fiction was extremely popular last year, although the competition winner produced a love story. You can write down about whatever you want but here's some advice to start your thinking: Write about what you know This is the advice which every writer should pay attention to and, last year, nearly everyone who wrote for us did exactly that. Love, family, problems with friends ---- these were the main subjects of the stories. However, you need to turn ordinary situations into something interesting that people will want to read about. Make the reader want to continue reading by writing about ordinary things in a new and surprising way. Get your facts right It's no good giving a description of a town or explaining how a jet engine works if you get it wrong. So avoid writing anything unless you're certain about it. Hold the reader's attention Make the beginning interesting and the ending a surprise. There is nothing worse than a poor ending. Develop the story carefully and try to think of something unusual happening at the end. Think about the characters Try to bring the people in your story alive for the reader by using well-chosen words to make them seem real. Your story must be your own work, between 2,000 and 2,5000 words and typed, double-spaced, on one side only of each sheet of paper. Even if you're in danger of missing the closing date, we are unable to accept stories by fax or email. You must include the application form with your story. Unfortunately your story cannot be returned, nor can we discuss our decisions. You should not have had any fiction printed in any magazine or book in this country ---- a change in the rules by popular request ---- and the story must not have happened in print or in recorded form, for example on radio or TV, anywhere in the world. Your fee of PS5 will go to the Writers' Association. Make your cheque payable to Keep Writing and send it with the application form and your story to: Keep Writing 75 Broad Street Birmingham B12 4TG The closing date is 30 July and we will inform the winner within one month of this date. Please note that if you win, you must agree to have your story printed in our magazine. \n Answer: They should make them appealing to readers.",
            "output": [
                "How should writers deal with ordinary situations while writing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6bf774fa84b14673986a943f463e8ef9",
            "input": "Article: The Internet can provide a wealth of educational resources for small children, if you know where to look. This article will offer some educational websites to small children. You may need to assist your children in navigating  the pages until they understand where their favorite activities are. Enchanted Learning Enchanted learning is a great website for children, and I know several teachers who rely on it for materials for their classrooms. Most of the information is free, but for $20.00 per year, you can purchase a membership that allows you to have access to the site without the advertising. The pages here are great. There are colored pages and worksheets for toddlers  and school-age children. They focus on learning language, science, animals, geography, astronomy, explorers, music, art and nursery rhymes. Starfall Starfall is another good educational website for small children. Teachers often use this website in classrooms. It emphasizes reading skills for early learners. The website is aimed at first grade level learners, but it has tools that can help all children from pre-K to second grade. The website has reading activities, worksheets to download, and a store where you can purchase educational materials for your children. Sesame Street Workshop Kids love Sesame Street, and it is always educational. This is one of the funniest websites online for children because it is very well animated and has great sound effects. The website has games and stories for small kids, and they can create letters at the post office and mail them to their favorite characters. Sprout Online Sprout has features on its television network, which are just for children. There are games, colored pages, recipes, music, videos, sign language activities and exercise videos for children. There are also online activities based on Sprout television shows. These include Roary the Race Car, the Wiggles, the Mighty Jungle and many others. These are just a few of many educational websites for children. Small children love to use computers, so help them find some websites that contain fun and learning at the same time. \n Answer: To introduce some educational websites to parents for their kids.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the author in writing this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-35ec843e58d0418182a607e2123892b0",
            "input": "Article: The Super Bowl is the annual championship game of the National Football League (NFL), the highest level of professional American football in the United States, becoming a season that begins in the late summer of the previous calendar year. The Super Bowl uses Roman numerals to identify each game, rather than the year in which it is held, with Super Bowl I being the 1966 season championship game, when the Green Bay Packers beat the Kansas City Chiefs. Super Bowl XLVI (46) was played at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, on February 5, 2012, to determine the champion of the 2011 season; the New York Giants beat the New England Patriots. The game was created as part of a _ agreement between the NFL and its rival league, the American Football League (AFL). It was agreed that the two leagues' champion teams would play in an AFL--NFL World Championship Game until the merger was to officially begin in 1970. After the merger, each league was appointed as a \"conference\", and the game was then played between the conference champions. Currently, the National Football Conference (NFC) leads the series with 25 wins to 21 wins for the American Football Conference (AFC). The day on which the Super Bowl is played, now considered to be an existing American national holiday, is called \"Super Bowl Sunday\", though it is not determined by the government. It is the second--largest day for U.S. food consumption, after Thanksgiving Day. In addition, the Super Bowl has frequently been the most watched American television broadcast of the year. Because of its high viewership, commercial airtime during the Super Bowl broadcast is the most expensive of the year. Due to the high cost of investing in advertising on the Super Bowl, companies regularly develop their most expensive advertisements for this broadcast. As a result, watching and discussing the broadcast's commercials has become a significant aspect of the event. In addition, many popular singers and musicians have performed during the event's pre-game and halftime ceremonies because of the exposure's attracting more fans. \n Answer: Arabic numerals",
            "output": [
                "What does the Super Bowl use to show each game?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d38c48330b0c4406acecc636c2137334",
            "input": "Article: A father in Wuhan, nicknamed \"Eagle Dad\" for his controversial parenting style, has dismissed critics' claims that he pushes his 4-year-old son too hard. Police officer Wang Shaoyan came under the spotlight this month after his child took part in an 18-kilometer race in the Hubei provincial capital. Some parents attacked his methods of extreme physical training, while others reacted strongly to his admission that he regularly exposes the youngster to cold showers. \"I just want my son to reach his full potential,\" Wang said, adding that 4-year-old son not only runs 3 km every day he also takes cold showers from time to time to strengthen his body's resistance and willpower. \"He has never taken any sick leave from kindergarten,\" he said proudly. However, some parents find his methods too extreme. \"I'm not sure a 4-year-old is prepared for such intense training,\" said Zhang Ruxia  a woman who gave birth to two boys in October in Tianjin. \"You can have good intentions to train your child at an early age but you also have to consider whether he can take it.\" Wang responded by saying children are too young to make decisions, and it is up to parents to lead them on the right path. \"I read many materials before and the whole process is step-by-step without pushing or imposing on my son,\" Wang said. The father said he was not acting rashly but following a scientific way of education. He said the doubts about his methods reflect the declining standards of modern education. \"Many people in Japan give their children cold showers too ,and no one is fussing about it,\" he said. The traditional way of education applied by most of his peers might not necessarily help bring the best out of a child he said. Wang said in addition to the physical training, he has also laid out a detailed and particular program to strengthen the intelligence of the child. \"I have hired some university students to expand his knowledge in natural sciences, while playing the video for English-language teaching as well,\" he said. \n Answer: He made his kid take a long distance race.",
            "output": [
                "For what reason was Wang made known to the public?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3953a91779c046baa1ebdac07563ee6a",
            "input": "Article: Donald was shaken by thunder on the bed before he could count \"one thousand one\". Then he heard the smoke alarm go off. He went downstairs quickly to investigate. When he opened the door to the basement  , flames exploded out. Donald fled   back upstairs to call 911 but the phone didn't work. When he tried to go downstairs, he was stopped by a wall of flames. He had to use a towel to cover his mouth. His house was three miles off the main road and so well hidden by trees that Donald knew calling for help would be useless. Actually, he didn't even try to do that. About one mile away lived Donald's closest neighbor, Jeremie. When he heard some sounds, Jeremie jumped out of bed, holding a phone and a flashlight, and went towards the noise. He dialed 911 the instant he saw the flames. When he came close to the house, Jeremie knew he'd better wait until rescuers came. But he didn't want Donald to die in the fire. Without hesitation  , he rushed into the house. He shouted, \"Donald, where are you?\" Then he had to run outside to catch his breath. After one more attempt  , he gave up and circled around back. He saw Donald on the second-floor balcony, but there was no way to get to him. Suddenly, he noticed a ladder. He dragged it over to the balcony and pulled Donald down just when the second floor fell down. Within the year, Donald built a new two-story wood house at the site of the fire. Jeremie and Donald don't run into each other regularly, but Donald knows that if he ever needs help, Jeremie will be there. \n Answer: He was going to sleep on the bed.",
            "output": [
                "What was Donald doing when he heard thunder?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d13ce58d1e794c9483c56b69d48a8c01",
            "input": "Article: My parents have always raised me to be very money-conscious, so I guess, in that sense, they are rather untraditional. Since I was a little girl, if I ever wanted to purchase anything, my parents would sternly  remind me of the value of every cent, prompting me to spend my pocket money only when necessary. My mom actually came up with a system that we strictly abide  by in regards to money-spending. She gives me a certain amount of allowance  every month, and whenever I buy anything with my accumulated  money, I keep track of my receipts and record it in a little notebook, essentially a tiny version of my mom's own accounting booklet. Being in control of my own money has really taught me to be careful in how I spend my money, giving me a sense of responsibility and ownership over it. As for earning money, aside from my allowance, my parents never really encouraged me to go out and find a job at typical American occupation locales , such as restaurants or clothing stores. Instead, they would prefer that I spend my time focusing on my schoolwork, which I guess is where my parents become more traditional. Yet I still earn money here and there in little jobs, such as teaching students at my school, and of course, writing for the paper. Though I have several friends already working, I am pretty happy with my current situation. I am able to focus on my studies, all the while earning quite a bit of money, and also learning monetary   skills that are  _ to survival in the real world, and for that I am grateful. \n Answer: She wanted to go out and find a job at typical American occupation locales",
            "output": [
                "What happened when the author bought anything with her accumulated money?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a7aa2e6e0d134155a6fd42c1d6e94527",
            "input": "Article: To begin your expedition of wonder, get yourself a driver's license at your local department of motor vehicles, then rent a car and take off for New Hampshire's Crawford Notch State Park. This beautiful park is abundant in wildlife, natural vegetation and running rivers falling from high cliffs. It is a place of spectacular mountain views, hiking trails, waterfalls and fishing locations. All you need to do is jump in your rented car or SUV and head for the sunset! Okay, so you've just finished those crazy summer final exams and you're exhausted from all of the stress. That's okay because New Hampshire's State Park also offers a perfect way to recover at Coney's Flume Park where visitors can ride all the rapids in a hollowed out log, eat hotdogs and play on the amusement tides.  Good times will be had no matter what your preference at Dry River Campground, which offers wood cabins, showers, electricity, flush toilets, laundry and fire rings. It's like a home away from home, so gather your camping gear and head for the journey! Lake Winnipesaukee If you're stuck on figuring out how to access your own wheels, how about finding a bus to take you to Weirs Beach? There are fall leaves tours running in the fall through the end of October. Let the captain do the driving while you enjoy the colors along the shoreline and the mountainsides. If you can't find some peace of mind from those nasty final exams while relaxing in your lakeside cottage, take a cruise and go fishing, go bird sightseeing, or just kick back in a rented boat and let the coo of the birds wash your troubles away. No matter where you go in New Hampshire, you'll meet the most friendly people you can imagine. Do dive into that rental car or SUV, take off for a vacation to New Hampshire and treat yourself to one of America's most beautiful states. Enjoy! \n Answer: School students.",
            "output": [
                "Who is this passage mainly intended for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c763e1fb71314592b608193b70ff4f6f",
            "input": "Article: Nature is full of color, from rainbows and roses to butterfly wings and peacock tails. Even the fruits and vegetables you eat have different colors: blue blueberries, red strawberries, green broccoli, and orange carrots. Plant and animals often use color to attract attention. The substances responsible for these colors belong to a class of chemical called antioxidants . Plants make antioxidant to protect themselves from the sun's ultraviolet(UV) light. Ultraviolet light causes chemicals called free radicals to form within plant cells. They can destroy parts of plant. Free radicals also have damaging effects on human beings. Some of these effects like wrinkled skin can be seen. The damage is caused by the free radicals attacking cells in our bodies. Certain cancers and heart disease are linked to free radicals. Our bodies have natural defences for fighting off free radicals. While we are young, our defences are pretty strong. However, they get weaker as we get older. The body's built-in defences can only go so far without extra help. The key to fighting free radicals with fruits and vegetables is to mix and match colors. It's like sunscreen for the inside of your body. Go for a range of very bright colors. Colorful foods contain hundreds of healthy chemicals not found anywhere else. Research into how chemicals in blueberries affect the brain's function in rats suggests that these chemicals may help our own brains work more efficiently. Don't just blame the sun. Ultraviolet light isn't the only source of free radicals. If you breathe polluted air such as smog, automobile exhaust , or wasted gas from a factory, you take in chemicals that also cause such damage. And, the body itself produces free radicals as it processes food. \n Answer: Antioxidants help free radicals to attack plants",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following not true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-380a4964699946b685cd9c958a3150be",
            "input": "Article: In 1859, prefix = st1 /ItalyandFrancewere at war withAustria, and Henry Dunant, a young Swiss gentleman, came upon one of their battlefields. For the first time in his life, Dunant saw how heartless war would be. Around him were suffering men untended and left to die where they fell. Henry Dunant went to work at once. Helped by several peasant women, he formed an ambulance service and set up headquarters in a little church. He treated the wounds of Frenchmen, Italians and Austrians alike. When he was asked why he did so, his answer showed a spirit of humanity that was not common in those days. \"We are all brothers. A wounded enemy is an enemy no longer.\" With his band of assistants, Dunant helped to save many lives. The \"gentleman in white\" (as Dunant was called because he wore a white suit) was looked upon by hundreds of wounded men as an angel.     When Dunant returned toSwitzerland, he could not forget the needless suffering on the battlefield. He thought of a great organization that should be planned to include many nations. It would do its work with the approval of all countries. And it must operate under a sign that all would know: its symbol would be a red cross against a white background. He wrote a book to make the public see the need for this great organization. In the book he included a truthful account of what he had seen on the battlefield. The consequence was that readers were shocked by what he described. After Dunant's hard work, in Geneva on October 26, 1863, all the nations of Europe were invited to a meeting at which it was decided a relief society should be formed in each country. Then the Geneva Convention was made the following year. The nations that signed the Geneva Convention chose the red cross as the symbol for the international organization.     Until his death in 1910, Dunant was always ready to look for a noble cause. And when the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded for the first time in 1901, the honor went to Dunant. No man has deserved it more than the founder of the Red Cross. \n Answer: Because he was good-looking.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Dunant looked upon as an angel by wounded men?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1363b570f58549e1b686afc638d5884c",
            "input": "Article: I've been home from Hawaii less than a week, and I've almost adjusted to being back at work (the 30 degree temperatures are a different story). I came back from my trip with a ton of energy, a great fun and so many wonderful memories. I also came back with some unexpected realizations about my business and my role as chief executive. Here's what I've decided: First and foremost, I'm still too caught up in the details. When I glanced at my e-mail each day I was away, I noticed so many messages,customer requests, etc. that I would have addressed immediately if I had been at the office. By putting myself in a position where I \"couldn't\" respond to these e-mails, I realized that the majority of them didn't require my response.  I was worried that our new operations manager Amaya might get stuck in things without me there, but it turned out that she was just fine. When she had questions about the storage history of a customer, for example, she turned to the team and got her answers. It gave me new appreciation for my employees and their ability to help each other. I often get involved with the engineers on decisions related to our data centers. While I was gone, they had to make important decisions on a number of data center projects. They analyzed the options, and determined the proper course of action. I now realize that I don't need to be as involved in the details of this aspect of the business. Finally, I learned that having an auto--response message on my e-mail is the BEST. People immediately knew my status and were given contact information for other people who could help them. I saw all of my e-mails but didn't need to answer them. Somehow, everything just got done. So what does this mean for me? Well, that's a big, important question that involves my ever evolving role here. I thought I was doing a pretty good job pulling out myself from the details, but now I realize I can step back even more, so long as I'm keeping an eye through ongoing team and individual checkpoints. It'll require some restriction on my part, but it'll give me more time to work on other projects, like some marketing ideas I've been toying with. I may even plan a few more vacations! \n Answer: She is not familiar with her work very much.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is RIGHT about Amaya according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3d7c88994788428a9f4d11d5b3ff6268",
            "input": "Article: The Albinas married when Mr. Albina was 30, and they spent the early marriage in Argentina. Then they decided to move to Chile, which meant they had to cross the Andes Mountains. They and their 20s sons made the difficult two-week journey on horses. One night there was a terrible snow storm in the mountains, during which Mrs Albina gave birth to triplets  , a boy and two girls. Mrs Albina now has 30 more girls, including the twins who are 15 months old. The oldest Albina children are in their 30s and 40s. They are on their own now, but 18 of the kids still live with their parents in a two-room house. The house has electricity but no toilet or running water. Clearly, the Albinas don't have enough money and food for the big family. Why, then, do they continue to have children? The Albinas do not use birth control because it is against their religion. They can let other people take care of their kids, but Mrs Albina doesn't allow it. \"When we were babies,\" she said, \"our mother left us at an orphanage and never returned. Then a couple adopted my brothers, and I was left behind. I was heartbroken. I promised that when I became a mother I would never give my children away.\" So the Albina family continues to grow. They have so many kids that they run out of names and have to give some children the same name. There are three Susannas, three Miriams, two Estrellas, and two Soledades. Will the family stop at 53 kids? Mr Albina is 77, and Mrs Albina is 59. \"I am getting old,\" she said with a smile, \"and I would like God to think of me and consider my age. But if God sends more children to me, yes, there will be more.\" \n Answer: Most of the children are independent now.",
            "output": [
                "What is said about the children in the Albinas in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c55c6739e1734d2084300de30685a7cf",
            "input": "Article: Israel was happy, very happy. The news of a deal to bring home the kidnapped soldier Gilad Shalit , a young man held prisoner by Hamas for five years,spread. But the happiness was hardened by the reality of the price Israelis had paid to set him free. The 1,027 Palestinian prisoners to be exchanged for the single Israeli corporal turned out to include men and women convicted  of some of the worst terrorist attacks in the country.  \"Ambivalent,\" says Aya Ilouz, of her feelings on the matter. Strolling in downtown Jerusalem with her husband Liron and their 5-month-old daughter Yael, the couple is so in sync on the question of the day that they finish each other's thoughts. \"Yes,\" says Liron, \"we are very happy and excited to see Gilad meet his family. And on the other hand--\" \"We are very concerned,\" says Aya. \"About what happens next,\" Liron explains. \"When the next terrorist blows himself up, someone will have to answer.\" Just around the corner, on King George Street, Alan Bauer had been walking home with his son on March 21, 2002, when a Palestinian man named Mohammad Hashaika exploded a suicide vest packed with metal scraps. Eighty-four people were wounded that day. Of the three killed, one was a woman pregnant with twins. Though the bomber of course died, Israeli courts convicted the two women who drove him to the site of the bombing, easing his way past the Israeli checkpoint by buying flowers to carry in the Mother's Day crowd.  \"These women, as I speak, are being released,\" Bauer says. Specifics have a way of weakening the joy of Shalit's release. Among the 477 prisoners released on Tuesday, in the first phase of the exchange, are an organizer of the 2002 Passover bombing that killed 30 people; a woman who developed an online relationship with a lovesick Israeli youth she then had murdered when he came to meet her; and the man who proudly displayed his bloody hands to the mob  gathered outside the Ramallah building where two Israeli soldiers were beaten to death after making a wrong turn on Oct. 12, 2000.  When the list became public,  s of terrorism victims appealed, without success, to Israel's supreme court to prevent the prisoner exchange. The court hearing was interrupted repeatedly by upset survivors, including Shvuel Schijveschuurder, who lost five of his family members in a 2001 attack at a Jerusalem Sbarro. To protest the release of the woman who drove the suicide bomber to the pizza restaurant, Schijveschuurder poured paint on a memorial to Yitzhak Rabin, the Prime Minister slain by an Israeli extremist for signing the Oslo Accords. \"When we say 1,027 prisoners will be released, it's abstract, it doesn't mean anything,\" says Eliad Moreh Rosenberg, who was wounded in the 2002 terrorism bombing at the Hebrew University cafeteria. \"But for victims of terror, it's a reality.\" Israeli officials calculate that 60% of those released resume terrorism attacks. To help prevent that resumption this time around, Israel insisted that most of the prisoners liberated be sent either to the Gaza Strip -- which is sealed off from Israel and under the control of Hamas, which says it continues to observe a cease-fire -- or into exile  in Turkey, Qatar or Syria. About 100 arrived in the West Bank, where the government led by Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas works diligently to suppress terrorism, cooperating with Israeli intelligence and military. With the future uncertain, on Tuesday, Jewish Israelis stopped and stared at televisions wherever they came upon them. On the sidewalk at midmorning outside the 24-hour Hillel Market, 50 people were gathered under a flat screen to catch the first images of Shalit, looking painfully thin . \"It was moving. It was very exciting,\" says Anat Rubin, 42. \"I just saw photos of him getting out of the car. It gave me chills.\" But she says she heard Hamas say that, learning from success, it was keen to kidnap more Israelis in order to win freedom for the 6,000 Palestinians still in Israeli prisons. \"I don't want to see the photos of them doing the V for victory,\" she says. \"Like they won. They are really releasing murderers. I'm happy and sad all together.\" \n Answer: Israeli people's attitudes to the prisoner exchange.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8df2b284a9a4487eb815781a8841ad38",
            "input": "Article: Robert had just moved into the street and he felt strange that he was not wanted. He knew that perhaps the other boy students were trying to get an idea of what kind of a boy he was. This did not help to make him less lonely. He was new and he had to be tested. Still, proving himself would not be all that easy. He did not want to run with bad boys or get into something against the law to prove that he was strong. No! He must show what he was made of in a more helpful way. That would be better when he got the idea. The next day was Saturday. He knew that most of the boys would be down on the playground and choose up sides for the Saturday game. Robert knew he could play well and that just might be enough to prove he was strong and to make friends with them. He arrived early and did his step exercises. He shot the ball several times and did some other exercises--the most difficult and most wonderful in basketball. Then the boys came. Robert went through what he had done before the game and showed what he could do. No one said a word. The boys just looked at each other and thought about it. In the end, when it was all over, the biggest of the group just smiled and shook his head. Robert knew he had made it. \n Answer: After he had thought about the two wrong ways.",
            "output": [
                "When did Robert decide to prove himself by playing basketball?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6c23bc85cd144987ba39b232aaa2e8b4",
            "input": "Article: Mapping Your World Different forms of maps are appearing.They allow independent travelers to get local knowledge of places they are visiting, from the official to the unusual.Meanwhile, hi-tech developments are creating new ways for us to map the world.Here are two of our favorites: Green Maps Green Maps allows people to share with the world their knowledge of environmentally friendly places and attractions in the local areas.Users add information with a set of icons , making it easy to read any map, whatever the nationalities of those who produce it.At present there are over five hundred map projects being developed in 54 countries.Green Maps' advertised idea is \"think global, map local\".It is a wonderful way of gaining all sorts of information of a place, ranging from community gardens to good places of birdwatching. Green Maps is not specifically intended for travelers.Not all of its maps are online, so it may be necessary for some users to communicate with the producers through the Green Maps website. Maps Mashups Many people use online maps developed by Google, but not many know about the mashups of them.Working in a similar way to Green Maps, Map Mashups allows people to add icons of their own to existing maps to express a certain topic.The mashups is so called because it combines all the knowledge you could ever need.It ranges from the extremely useful, such as where all the World Heritage Sites are, to the most bizarre  ,such as where America's drunkest cities are.With the mashups added to the basic Google Maps, a multi-layered   map can be created. \n Answer: Introducing local attractions with icons",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is a characteristic of Green Maps?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1cc357012712454f9f26ea3b92a1d1cd",
            "input": "Article: A student and his teacher were walking through the forest. The student was disturbed  by the fact that his mind was in constant unrest . He asked his teacher, \"Why most people's minds are restless, and only a few have a calm mind? What can one do to still the mind ?\" The teacher looked at him, smiled and said, \"I will tell you a story. An elephant was standing and picking leaves from a tree. A small fly came, flying and buzzing near his ear. The elephant waved it away with his long ears. Then the fly came again, and the elephant waved it away _ \". This was repeated several times. Then the elephant asked the fly, \"Why are you so restless and noisy? Why can't you stay for a while in one place?\" The fly answered, \"I am attracted to whatever I see, hear or smell. My five senses pull me constantly in all directions and I cannot resist them. What is your secret? How can you stay so calm and still?\" The elephant stopped eating and said, \"My five senses do not rule my attention. Whatever I do, I get immersed  in it. Now that I am eating, I am completely immersed in eating. In this way I can enjoy my food and chew it better. I rule and control my attention, and not the other way around.\" The student's eyes opened wide and smile rose on his face. \"I understand! If my five senses are in control of my mind and attention, then my mind is in constant unrest. If I am in charge of my five senses and attention, then my mind becomes calm\". \"Yes, that's right\", answered the teacher, \"The mind is restless and goes wherever the attention is. Control your attention, and you control your mind\". \n Answer: With its long ears.",
            "output": [
                "How did the elephant drive the fly away?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4c5a705b5d274122a9c49057c4034e50",
            "input": "Article: Seattle International Film Festival: Future Wave Shorts Program  Seattle Washington May/June annually Deadline: March A presentation of original short films created by youth aged 18 and under. Entries must be no longer than 10 minutes (including end titles). The juried Future Wave award winner receives a $500 cash prize! [Link] Contact: Dustin Kaspar [  _ ] Entry Fee: $20 University of Toronto Film and Video Festival Toronto February Deadline: January Annual Festival accepting all lengths and genres , with an emphasis on student work. Submission form on festival website. [Link] ca Contact: Steven Hoffner [  _ ] Entry Fee: $ 15 ( early ), $20 ( final ) Young cuts Film Festival Toronto Ontario August 23th - 27 th Deadline: April 30th The Young Cuts Film Festival is one of the world's most important film festivals for film makers under the age of 25 and is for student film makers and non-student film makers alike. It's important because we not only evaluate   young film makers' short films and feature films for our own Festival competition, but we can also evaluate your film with an eye to establishing its market potential. For more information please go to our website at www. youngcuts. com or email us at info@ youngcuts. com. Contact: Peter Bailey [  _ ] Entry Fee: $60.00--$90.00 Scene First Student Film Festival Wilmington North Carolina June 14th-16th Deadline: May The 3-day national film competition provides student film makers with an opportunity to show their short films, network with industry professionals, and learn from academic and industry leaders -- all in a relaxed social environment. http:// www. Scenefirstfestival. com Contact: Sam Connelly [  _ ] Entry Fee: $12 \n Answer: Student film makers.",
            "output": [
                "Who would be most interested in the above ads?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1cb7c62d083f47c4a0327eaa9b5adf45",
            "input": "Article: Do you usually go Dutch(AA) when you take someone out to dinner? Do you expect your date to pay for the whole meal? Many people say that as long as there's love, money doesn't matter much. But this might change when the relationship gets serious and it is related to the money borrowed from the bank, the family present accounts and debt. A survey among 8 million couples in the UK suggested that 44% of married couples don't know exactly what their partner earns. An astonishing 23% actively try to keep their finances  secret from their partners. About 38% of them are open to each other. Another 12% refuses to tell the truth. British relationship expert Russell says: \"It's very difficult to talk about money. Often there's guilt, there's shame. To start those conversations is difficult. Money can be about how we value ourselves, how we feel valued. It's not just a simple case of talking about hard cash.\" So if you are in a couple, it might be a good idea to check if you both are on the same page about money before bills pile up on the kitchen table and love flies out of the window. When moving in together, couples should not only talk about their personal habits but also about their financial ones. Russell has a word of advice: \"Accept the fact that in your relationship you might do money differently - there might be a spender or a saver. It's very attractive if your partner does things differently to say they're wrong. Do it differently but plan it well.\" And now, back to that date. Would you be bored with someone who was attractive but expected you to pay the bill by yourself? There's food for thought. \n Answer: About 0.96 million.",
            "output": [
                "How many people are very careful not to let their partner know their income?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-94601892b6ec45eebb0728c84c9cca4b",
            "input": "Article: Jennifer's Hurricane Experience I have evacuated lots of times in my life. To make sure everything is safe, my family have to move a lot of things. I usually help my mom and my brothers help my dad. Mom and I take all of the special keepsakes to low safe places. Another thing we have to do is to take our sailboat out into deep water and anchor it really well. When it's time to anchor the sailboat, Scott, my father's brother, comes over. I just need to wait in the car with my mom and brothers before we evacuate. John's Hurricane Experience My family evacuated for hurricane Opal in 1995. We left two days early because we were going to my dad's 35thHigh School Reunion . There was a lot of traffic getting out of town. But we didn't get into trouble as we had arrived at the school. During hurricane Georges, I slept. But there was a lot of lightning, thunder and rain at that night. The next morning, there were a lot of branches, twigs and leaves everywhere. Catherine's Hurricane Experience This year, we experienced two hurricanes, Earl and Georges. We did the same thing in both hurricanes. We would always be watching the news. There was a lot of rain ... a whole lot of rain. The hurricane never really got close enough to do very much damage. I have never evacuated, and I don't think that I ever will. Ryan's Hurricane Experience I am a police officer on an island in the Texas Gulf Coast. I was directly affected by the violent weather throughout the hurricane season. Our department was ordered to stay on the island while all the other citizens were evacuating. I didn't feel at all prepared for the situation. So I went to the grocery store and purchased some food. I thought a survival kit would have helped ease some of the tension in my mind. \n Answer: Jennifer's brothers.",
            "output": [
                "Who fixed the sailboat with Jennifer's father?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1cbe2297021b4967819f33c6e035d4d9",
            "input": "Article: THE first night in Yosemite had been awful. I hadn't been able to sleep and I was stuck in a too small tent with my wife and two kids. \"Things haven't worked out,\" I said to myself. But, like so many other things I complain before my morning coffee, this one was ridiculously off-key. Things weren't bad; they were good. A hundred yards(91 meters) away was Summit Lake, with its wonderful early morning mists   shimmering off the water. A couple of miles to the southwest was the base of the Lassen Peak Trail. The base was 8,000 feet (2,400 meters) above sea level, huge snow banks dotting  the place even in mid August. It was beautiful. We fired up the camp stove, got out our cold boxes from the heavy metal locker ,fired up some bacon, cut open some bread, and boiled up a cup of coffee.  Half an hour later, my 6-year-old daughter and I were in the parking lot of the Lassen Peak Trail, getting ready to hike. We wouldn't make it all the way-- young legs get pretty tired on a steep mountain path, but it didn't matter. We would see great views spread out below us, the volcanic ash that layered on the earth turning the melting snow a mysterious pink as the sun struck it. Later, on the hike, I felt stupid about my morning complaints. Everything had been worthwhile. It gave me enormous satisfaction to see my daughter so excited about the view from the mountain. Yes, camping is uncomfortable. But there's also something wonderful about being so close to nature. Just as importantly, there's something about getting young children out of their increasingly technology-filled comfort zones and forcing them to encounter the non-cyber world around them. We lose something when we spend all our time cocooned  inside a carefully constructed modernity, when read about daily affronts   to the environment, yet don't fully realize what is at risk, removed as we are from nature. It's a good thing to reconnect every so often with the Great Outdoors. By Sasha Abramsky \n Answer: Uncomfortable.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author first feel about camping in Yosemite?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e05b1c49c79040538a4c8e7970104bb5",
            "input": "Article: Dear Textual Healing, I would be very interested in your recommendations for any books to help me through a difficult time of my life. At 57, I am feeling a bit lost. I have a wonderful, loving husband and bright, caring teenage daughter but I am lonely and have lost my spark for life. I have always taken care of everyone and managed a career, but, after the death of my father this summer, my difficulties as a child in a terribly abnormal family have come back to me regularly. I have become unfocused and often alone while my husband is away frequently on business and my daughter busy with school and friends. I am seeking the help of a therapist and taking care of myself but I would love to read something to help me \"get my groove  back\" and reengage with life. PC Dear PC, From the letter you've given us about your life, it's no wonder you're feeling a little lost. But before prescribing titles to help you get your groove back, I'd recommend taking a journey into Rebecca Solnit's non-fiction book,A Field Guide to Getting Lost, which is packed with the wisdom of everyone from Pat Barker to Thoreau and Keats. The word lost is rooted in the Old Norse \"los\", meaning the disbanding of an army. \"This origin suggests soldiers falling out of formation to go home, ceasing fighting with the wide world. I worry now that many people never disband their armies, never go beyond what they know,\" Solnit writes. So instead of fearing that lost feeling, try seeing its potential for discovery. Explorers, remember, are always lost simply because they're forever someplace new. \"Leave the door open for the unknown, the door into the dark,\" Solnit advises. \"That's where the most important things come from, where you yourself came from, and where you will go.\" For something that asks a little less of the reader while still giving plenty in return, try a dose (--) of Anne Tyler, the beloved creator of numerous heroes whose serious conditions will move anyone who finds themselves in a midlife difficult situation. One such character is 53-year-old Rebecca Davitch, the heroine ofBack When We Were Grownups. Like you, she's combined marriage and motherhood with a career but suddenly finds herself feeling lonely in her own home. Could it be, she wonders, that she's \"turned into the wrong person\"? Don't be fooled by the way this novel ambles along -- as Rebecca revisits youthful ambitions and the college boyfriend she abandoned, it asks some heart-rending questions before arriving at a place of graceful, joyous acceptance. Along similar lines, I'm also going to recommendThe Unlikely Pilgrimage of Harold Fryby Rachel Joyce. Its hero is 65 when he learns that a former colleague sick. On his way to post her a note,he decides instead to visit her -- on foot, from his home in deepest Devon to England's northernmost town, more than 600 miles away. You don't manage that without focus! It's a journey to a holy place that will take him 87 days to complete, during which he considers his childhood, marriage and relationship with his son, and becomes an accidental media sensation  . By the time he reaches his destination, you'll feel anything but tired. Finally, Ruth Ozeki's novelA Tale for the Time Beingwill charm the missing spark back into your life. Combining the diary of a sad Tokyo teenager with the story of the middle-aged novelist who finds it, washed ashore on a remote island off the coast of British Columbia, it's a beautiful illustration of how our lives touch -- and are touched by -- others in ways we mightn't even be aware of. This \"Man Booker Prize\" finalist has plenty to teach about Zen Buddhism, and unless you happen to live in one of its settings, it provides a bracing change of scene, too. One other suggestion: books, as we all know, make great companions but that doesn't mean they can't be enjoyed in the company of others. If you find yourself home alone, why not slip one into your back pack and head out to a favourite cafe. \n Answer: The contrast between her easy life and her family members busy life.",
            "output": [
                "What has mainly led to PC's negative attitude to life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7577223392d448ceb8ce4da753978896",
            "input": "Article: \"But what if I break my arm again?\" my 5-year-old daughter asked. I knew how much she wanted to learn to ride. Yet ever since she'd fallen off her bike and broken her arm, she'd been afraid. \"Oh honey,\" I said. \"I don't think you'll break another arm.\" \"But I could, couldn't I?\" \"Yes,\" I admitted, and found myself struggling for the right thing to say. \"I don't think I want to ride,\" she said and got off her bike. We walked away and sat down beside a tree. \"Don't you want to ride with your friends?\" I asked. \"And I thought you were hoping to start riding your bike to school next year,\" I added. \"I was,\" she said in a low voice. \"You know, honey,\" I said. \"Most everything you do comes with dangers. You could break your arm at gymnastics. Do you want to stop going to the gym?\" \"No, of course not!\" she replied. And with a determined spirit, she stood up and agreed to try again. I held on to the back of her bike until she found the courage to say, \"Let's go!\" I spent the rest of the afternoon at the park watching a very brave little girl overcome a fear, and congratulating myself for being an independent single parent. As we walked home, pushing the bike as we made our way along the sidewalk, she asked me about a conversation she'd overheard me having with my mother the night before. \"Why were you and Grandma arguing last night?\" \"It's nothing.\" I told her. She shrugged  . \"Grandma said she just wanted you to find someone to love.\" \"What Grandma wants is for some guy to break my heart again,\" I snapped. \"But Mom ...\" \"You're too young to understand.\" I told her. She was quiet for the next few minutes. Then she looked up and in a small voice said, \"So I guess love isn't like a broken arm.\" Unable to answer, we walked the rest of the way in silence. When I got home, I let go and agreed to meet a man called Steve. Steve was the man for me. We married less than a year later. It turned out my mother and my daughter were right. \n Answer: She broke her leg while learning to ride.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the author's daughter according to the beginning of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1c8a47be861c42de8bd044ba9b11df67",
            "input": "Article: AEco-friendly Car Racer   Can you image a car racer is so eco-friendly that its tyres are made from potatoes, its body is created from hemp and rapeseed oil and it runs on fuel made from wheat and sugar beet? The one-seater racing car called Eco One is built by experts from Warwick University, who hope that Eco One will be adopted by the automotive industry.It is sold at $51,000. Pollution-sensitive Dress   Don't be caught outside unaware of pollution levels in the air.The pollution-sensitive EPA Dress by Stephanie Sandstrom notices pollution in the air accordingly.This dress - which is actually quite pretty-look like you pull it from the bottom of the dirty laundry pile when the air is dirty.It might protect your hea1th by advising you to stay indoors for the day, but it won't do you any favor if you're meeting with clients. Eco-friendly Umbrella   Traditional umbrellas come with a fixed surface.Although it is changeable, you cannot replace it easily.This eco-friendly design is more flexible.It is actually only an umbrella skeleton without any surface, which can be folded, so you can put anything such as newspapers, plastic bags or whatever you want to serve as the protecting surface. Eco-friendly Moss Carpet   It is said that walking on fresh grass increases your blood circulation.The Moss Carpet, created by Nguyen La Chanh, looks at getting the grass to your feet.The mat includes ball moss, island moss and forest moss.The humidity of the bathroom ensures that it grows well.And that's why you need to place it there and not anywhere else. \n Answer: To keep users informed of the polluted levels in the air.",
            "output": [
                "Why is EPA Dress designed?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-409d1beba8434a529cd14a6c43c11ecc",
            "input": "Article: Every evening, 15-year-old Rashida returns home from school, changes out of her uniform, and rushes to a neighboring farm to help her mother harvest vegetables. Her father is disabled, so the modest profit the two of them earn must cover food, clothing and other necessities for all seven children and their parents. Despite having precious little time to study, Rashida is one of the top students at her junior secondary school. But with so much responsibility on her small shoulders, she admits that it is sometimes hard for her to imagine a more promising future. Last year, Rashida was invited to join 155 other girls at Camfed Ghana's first Girls' Career Camp, a program designed to inspire girls growing up in the country's Northern Region to dream big, and to support them to pursue those dreams. \"We organized this camp because we wanted to let girls know that even if they are struggling with poverty, their lives will not be defined by limitations,\" says Dolores Dickson, Camfed Ghana's Executive Director. Over the course of five days, the camp led the junior and secondary school students through a range of experiences and career opportunities that were entirely new to them. Dr. Agnes Apusiga, a lecturer from the University of Development Studies, ran the workshop on goal-setting and career choices, describing the universities and training colleges in Ghana that could help them achieve their dreams. Participants then visited the University for Development Studies, where they toured the medical school and science labs. Another highlight was a workshop at the computer lab at Tamale Secondary School. Many of the girls had studied information technology from a book but had never before seen a computer. \"When the girls arrived at camp, they were not ambitious, because they didn't have any idea what the world held for them,\" says Eugenia Ayagiba, Project Officer with Camfed Ghana. \"Many had scarcely traveled beyond their own villages.\" \"I think the most important thing that happened at the camp is that we opened a window of hope for a group of girls coming from backgrounds of poverty,\" says Eugenia. For Rashida, who has been laughed at in the past by her schoolmates because of her father's disability, the experience was important. \"She told one of the camp mentors  that when she is at school, she often feels like a misfit, and she prefers to keep to herself,\" says Eugenia. \"But at the camp, it was different. She made friends with girls who have similar struggles. She took part in every single activity, every single game. On the last day, she said to her mentor, \"The camp has challenged me to study hard. Now I see that there is light at the end of the tunnel.\" \n Answer: Ten",
            "output": [
                "How many members are there in Rashida's family?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a31036ccaaa5441ab256f1927d0de86c",
            "input": "Article: The world's first hamburger doesn't come from where you think it comes from. It wasn't invented in the United States, and it didn't originate in Germany. No, the world's first hamburger comes from China. If you're scratching your head right now, you're not alone. But Chinese hamburgers are very real and they definitely predate the hamburgers we call our own in the U.S. Known as rou jia mo, which translates to \"meat burger\" or \"meat sandwich\", they consist of chopped meat inside a pita-like _ , and they've been around since the Qin Dynasty, from about 221 BC to 207 BC. Despite the differences between this Chinese street food and our American-style burgers, the rou jia mo has been called the world's first hamburger. The rou jia mo originated in the Shanxi Province of China, and is now eaten all over the country. It's typically prepared and eaten on the street. The dough for the bun, or mo, consists of a simple mixture of wheat flour, water and maybe yeast. Of course recipes may vary, but this basic equation makes for a chewy and subtle pillow for the delicious filling. While the mo is traditionally baked in a clay oven, today it's often fried in a pan. They may look a little like Chinese steamed buns or baozi, but the dough for those are, of course, steamed, not baked or fried. The meat filling might consist of chopped pork, beef, lamb or chicken that has been stewed with a variety of spices, like ginger, cloves, coriander and star anise. You might also find herbs like cilantro or greens like lettuce garnishing the sandwich. \n Answer: The rou jia mo and American-style burgers share a similar cooking process.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3c9e51b0940540948db600f9ff4f1345",
            "input": "Article: Once upon a time the colors of the world started to quarrel. Green said, \"Clearly I am the most important. I am the sign of life and hope. I was chosen for grass, trees and leaves. Look over the countryside and you will see that I am in the majority.\" Blue interrupted, \"You only think about the earth, but consider the sky and the sea. It is the water that is the basis of life.\" Yellow chuckled . \"The sun is yellow, as well as the moon and the stars. Every time you look at a sunflower, the whole world starts to smile.\" Red could bear it no longer. \"I am the ruler of all of you. I am blood-life's blood! I am the color of danger and bravery. I bring fire into the blood. I am the color of passion and love.\" Purple stood at his full height. \"I am the color of royalty  and power. I am the sign of authority   and wisdom. People do not question me! They listen and obey.\" Finally Indigo  spoke with determination, \"Think of me and I am the color of silence. I represent thought and reflection. You need me for balance and contrast , for prayer and inner peace.\" The colors went on boasting , each showing off his or her own advantages. Suddenlythere came a flash of bright lightening. Thunder rolled and boomed. Rain started to pour down. The colors were scared to death. In the midst of the quarrelling, rain began to speak, \"You foolish colors. Don't you know that you were each made for a special purpose, unique and different? Join hands with one another and come to me.\" Doing as they were told, the colors united and joined hands. From then on, when it rains, colors will stretch across the sky in a great bow of color. Whenever a rainbow appears in the sky, let us remember to appreciate one another. \n Answer: Because they all wanted to rule other colors.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the colors quarrel?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-06e818c97dfc48038435bf9d33459eda",
            "input": "Article: BEIJING--Just as the Chinese people joyfully await the traditional Spring Festival, President Hu Jintao returned here Saturday after successfully concluding a four-day state visit to the United States,which opens a new chapter in cooperative partnership between China and the United States. During his visit,President Hu spared no efforts to make friends,to proclaim China' s philosophy of peaceful development and to express the Chinese people' s willingness to join hands with the world to greet a spring of harmonious development. In Washington,President Hu and his US counterpart,Barack Obama,agreed to build a China-US cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit,and marke d out priorities of the development of China-US relations for the future. Hu met with people from all walks of life in the United States,expounding to them the various policies of the Chinese government and China' s stand on developing China-US ties in the new era. The strengthening of bilateral cooperation and the shaping of a new type of relationship between two great nations will give some enlightenment to the world when tackling regional and international issues,will strengthen the belief of the international communities jointly facing common challenges and will forge a new way for all countries to co-exist harmoniously in a globalized world. During his visit,President Hu stressed that a China-US cooperative partnership should be based on mutual respect and mutual benefit. \"Mutual respect and mutual benefit\"is not only the keyword in defining China-US relations,but also the principle China honors in the common development with other partners. As a goodwill messenger of a population of 1.3 billion, President Hu' s successful visit will more clearly define the relations between China' s development and the co-prosperity of the world,opening a new chapter in the history of international relations. \n Answer: Hu' s visit opens a new  chapter in China-US ties.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1943d6ce59cf4cf5b7154e447c115343",
            "input": "Article: Americans are thinking about national education standards recently developed by teachers and other education experts. The National Governors Association (NGA) and the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) led the effort. The United States, unlike other nations, has never had the same school standards across the country. What is the reason? Education is not discussed in the Constitution. That document limits the responsibilities of the federal government. Other responsibilities, like education, fall to each state. Local control of education probably was a good idea two hundred years ago. People stayed in the same place and schools knew what students needed to learn. But today, people move to different cities. And some people work at jobs that did not exist even twenty years ago. Many American educators say that getting a good education should not depend on where you live. They say that some states have lowered their standards in order to increase student scores on tests required by the No Child Left behind Act. Kara Schlosser is communications director for the CCSSO. She says the new standards clearly state what a student should be able to do to be successful in college and work. Forty--eight states have already shown approval for the standards. Two states refuse to accept the idea. Critics say that working toward the same standards in every state will not guarantee excellence for all. Some educators in Massachusetts say adopting the national standards will hurt their students because the state standards are even higher. Others say the change will be too costly, requiring new textbooks and different kinds of training for teachers. Still others fear federal control. Supporters say the standards are goals and do not tell states or teachers how to teach. They also say the federal government is not forcing acceptance. However, approving the standards will help states qualify   for some federal grant money. \n Answer: American National Education Standards under Consideration",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-16fbe02ab85b42ee85d32ae6876c5944",
            "input": "Article: What would you do if you were lost in the dark forest at night? The first sensible lesson is that you shouldn't bother trying to find your way in the dark at all, but just stay put until dawn. Because then you won't trip over things? No, mainly because you'll have an idea of direction. The sun rises in the east. But you will be amazed at how many people forget they know that. Apparently, the area underneath a holly bush provides a good makeshift shelter -- they are thick, and evergreen. The next thing to do -- or rather not to do -- is panic, for the obvious reason that unless there is someone there to hear you scream, it will get you nowhere. Just try to think of nice, happy things. There is always a point in films when a person who is lost in the desert or the snow, dehydrated  and exhausted, comes across a set of their own footprints and realizes they have just walked in a huge, round circle. It is wrong to owe it to the unequal strengths or different lengths of your legs. Experiments prove that, without the sun or the moon (or landmarks) as a fixed guide, lots of small errors add up over time so the brain can't correctly identify the \"straight ahead\" direction. To just get out of somewhere, pick a spot on the horizon and just head for it. There are several ways to find directions in the dark, and by far the best is to establish north using the stars. Most people can identify the Plough, which is part of Ursa Major. It looks a lot like a saucepan. The Plough rotates through the sky, but let's imagine the saucepan lying horizontally  , with its handle on the left. You need to trace a line from the star at the right-hand base of the pan, through the star at the right-hand rim  , and follow it upwards; the north star is roughly five times the distance between those two \"pointer\" stars. Then drop a vertical line from the North Star to the horizon and that's north. \"Tonight is very cloudy and I can't see the Plough.\" Maybe luckily, it is quite windy. Keep in mind that almost all of our weather comes from a south-westerly direction. (This only works if you are in the British Isles). To find the direction, you can throw light bits of dried-out grass in the air and see which way they blow; or, if there are clouds and patches of clear sky, see which way they blow across the stars. You can also get an idea of direction from leggy plants. If they look as if they have been blown over, they will probably be pointing north-east. If they are simply leaning in one direction as they grow, there's a good chance that is south (they will be reaching towards the sun). The last thing to do is to judge your direction and off you go. \n Answer: What to do if you are lost",
            "output": [
                "What might be the best title of the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b81174a574244e39918b37d8b11a0a9",
            "input": "Article: Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province, has issued smog warnings for three days since Monday because of serious air pollution. The lingering smog forced construction sites to stop work and primary and middle schools to suspend outdoor activities. From Monday through Wednesday, the city's air quality index reading remained high, with the highest reading at 323, with PM2.5, or particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns, as the main pollutant, according to the city's meteorological bureau. Any reading over 300 is considered \"seriously polluted\". The city experienced at least eight heavily polluted days in the first two weeks of December, with the air quality index reading reaching a high of 440, China News Service reported. Among those affected was a square dancing team in Jiang'an district, which had to stop daily practices after several members fell ill. Square dancing is a common open-air fitness practice across China, with most of the participants middle-aged or elderly women. Media reported the leader of one dancing team had to go to a hospital after she had an asthma attack on Dec 11. Identified only as Fang, 65, the dance team leader said she decided to suspend the practices after she learned her illness was caused by smog, and after several other members also fell ill, the report said.  The city plans to invest 28 billion yuan ($4.61 billion) in air pollution control by 2017. The plan says the city will boost the development of clean energy vehicles for public transportation and remove all of the current 140,000 heavy-polluting vehicles from Wuhan's roads by the end of 2016. \n Answer: Wuhan issued smog warnings for three days because of smog.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7afc9014b2724024b0ff2016e48b48b3",
            "input": "Article: As De Witt Wallace lay in bed recovering from injuries that he unfortunately came by in World War I, he found there was a wealth of interesting information to read. Realizing few people would have the time to get through all this information, he knew exactly what to do. In 1920, this young American submitted a sample magazine containing shortened articles to publishers across America. However, all turned him down. Undeterred, De Witt and his new bride Lila Bell Acheson published the first issue of Reader's Digest in February 1922. Working from home, the Wallaces printed 5,000 copies, which were sold by mail to 1,500 people and priced at 25 cents. From these humble beginnings grew the world's most widely-read magazine. The magazine became popular and, by 1935, sales topped one million. In 1938, the first international edition was published in the United Kingdom. During World War II, editions were published for the first time in Latin America and Sweden. After the war Reader's Digest moved into Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, South Africa and Switzerland. In 1950, Reader's Digest published its shortened Books (now known as Select Editions in Australia). In 1959, music, the first non-print product line, was introduced. In 1962, Reader's Digest revolutionized direct mail by introducing easy-to-enter Sweepstakes and a year later the first Reader's Digest general book was published. In 1986, video was added to the Reader's Digest product line. In 1973, the Wallaces gave up active management of Reader's Digest. De Witt died in 1981, aged 91; Lila in 1984, aged 94. With no heirs  to the Wallace empire to take control, Reader's Digest became a public company in the early 1990s and is now headed by a Chief Executive Office and Chairman of the Board. \n Answer: To offer people information.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of De Witt Wallace creating the earliest magazine?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-30c8d251f1e2433791c4d2e3c9fcdff5",
            "input": "Article: David Beckham had a dream: to be the first English player to appear in four World Cups.But now it appears that dream is over after a serious injury to his Achilles tendon   which means he could be out of action for around six months.With this year's World Cup in South Africa only three months away, sadly Beckham looks set to miss out.The injury happened while Beckham was playing for AC Milan against AC Chievo in the Italian league.After attempting to kick the ball he fell to the ground and hobbled off the pitch before being stretchered  away. It is not yet known whether he has completely severed  his Achilles tendon or only torn it.The player has now flown to Finland for assessment and treatment by a knee specialist. England manager Fabio Capello fears the worst for Beckham's World Cup chances. \"We have to wait for the results of the scan but it looks like he is out of the World Cup,\" he said in a statement.\"I spoke with him after the game on Sunday night to offer my support. \"David is a great professional and has worked very hard to be ready for the World Cup, so missing it will be a big blow.\" Beckham's former manager at American club LA Galaxy, Alexei Lalas, echoed  Capello's words of support: \"It is a horrible situation for Beckham.I know how much it meant to him to be in the World Cup and how important he was to the England team. David Beckham is now 34 and some are asking whether this serious injury could mean his whole career is over. Whatever happens, as one of football's best-known and popular players, Beckham will have no shortage of encouragement from fans around the world. Some will remember Beckham's miraculous recovery from an Achilles injury in 2006, when he was back on the pitch after only eight weeks. If he could repeat the same feat in time for the World Cup it really would be the stuff of fairytales. So, perhaps all is not lost.Optimists will _ from Alexei Lalas' words: \"You never want to write off David Beckham as he has shown us his ability to bounce back .\" \n Answer: World Cup in South Africa!",
            "output": [
                ".What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9490ad8b4c1149879641ca1721bb25f0",
            "input": "Article: The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby's in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than PS70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy, starting the most severe financial crisis since the 1920s. The world art market had already been losing momentum  for a while after rising confusingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, thinks Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm -- double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos , greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst's sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world's two biggest auction houses, Sotheby's and Christie's, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them. The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts suppose that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile  . But Edward Dolman, Christie's chief executive, says, \"I'm pretty confident we're at the bottom.\" What makes this fall different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, while in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie's earnings in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds -- death, debt and divorce -- still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return. \n Answer: Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-903c3e6a7f344dcf82899c2e94f8b88c",
            "input": "Article: Everybody is afraid of something.That's what more than 1,700 kids told us when we asked them about fears and scary stuff.We gave kids a list of 14 scary things and asked which one frightened them most.Here are the top 5 answers from our survey  :1 Scary movies and TV shows;2Scary dreams;3Thunderstorms,hurricanes ;and other horrible weather;4War and terrorism  ;5Sounds heard at night. But not everyone is afraid of the same thing.And what makes one person scared can be of no big deal for someone else.Plenty of kids said their biggest fear wasn't on our list. What is fear? Fear is a feeling that eyeryone has--it's programmed into all of us--and that's a good thing because fear is there to protect us.We're born with a sense of fear so we can react to something that could be dangerous.The baby cries,and their mom comes over to comfort him or her,helping the baby feel safe and OK again.Real vs.Pretend The best way to get over a fear is to get more information about it.As kids get older,they understand more and start seeing the difference between what is real and unreal.So when William's imagination leads him to think of witches,he can tell himself,\"Wait a minute.They're only pretend things.I don't need to worry about them.\" The same goes for the dark.A kid's imagination can start playing tricks when the lights go out.What's under my bed?Is that a thief I hear?With the help of a parent,kids can get more comfortable in the dark.Using a nightlight or shining a flashlight under the bed to see that there's nothing there can help kids fight that fear. \n Answer: People often cry loudly when they are scared.",
            "output": [
                "What did the writer find out from the survey?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8649cd3ccba04026bec9097aa222dacc",
            "input": "Article: Looking through a magazine in a waiting room recently, I came across an article with the title \"My top five most precious possessions\".It was just a few lines of text with pictures, but it caught my imagination. It's interesting how inanimate  objects can take on such significance and become woven into a person's, and sometimes a whole family's life history. Anyway, the article had me considering what my most precious possessions are. It was difficult to choose only five, but here are mine:  An old cardboard box filled with my children's baby photos. A yellow pocketsized birthday book of special things (poems, pictures of flowers and trees, etc) given to me by my dad when I was probably about seven or eight years old. A 21st Birthday card from my mum. In it she's written her congratulations, her love, and her hopes for my future. She died not long after, when I was in my early twenties. A few ancient but very beautiful botany books that were once my great grandmother's. She was a botanist in a time when it was  ly unusual for women to be qualified in this field and I think she was probably a remarkable and very interesting woman. I'd like to have known her. A brooch  left to me by my muchloved grandmother. It was given to my great grandmother (her mother) by my great grandfather on his return from World War I. It is not worth anything in terms of money. However, it not only stands for a link between four generations of women, but it is also a reminder of one young man's return from World War I. How about you? I'd love to hear what you feel are your most precious possessions. \n Answer: Some pictures in an article.",
            "output": [
                "What made the writer have the idea of writing the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af0b4219c6034530a41448709a615ddd",
            "input": "Article: (PARIS) ----An English tourist who was highly praised for rescuing a three-year-old boy in Paris said he didn't think twice before diving into the freezing river.   Tuesday's news said 25-year-old John Smith from England was the man who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Saturday.   He lifted the little boy out of the water after he fell off the bank. He handed the child to his father, David Anderson, who had dived in after him.   \"I didn't think at all,\" John told the News. \"It happened very fast. I reacted very fast.\" John, an engineer on vacation, was walking with his girlfriend along the pier when he saw something falling into the water. He thought it was a doll, but realized it was a child when he approached the river. Immediately, he took off his coat and jumped into the water. When he reached the child, he appeared lifeless, he said. Fortunately, when he was out of the water, he opened his eyes.  Anderson said his son slipped off the bank when he was adjusting his camera. An ambulance came later for him, said John, who was handed dry clothes from onlookers. John caught a taxi with his girlfriend shortly after.   The rescue happened on the day before he left for England. John said he didn't realize his story had greatly moved Paris until he was leaving the city the next morning.   \"I don't really think I'm a hero,\" said John. \"Anyone would do the same thing.\" \n Answer: To spend his vacation.",
            "output": [
                "What is the probable reason why John was in Paris?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f624a9fc75a04304a97d6ae00dbedb7c",
            "input": "Article: A group of people from Denmark have formed the B-Society. According to them, human beings are divided into types: A-People, and B-People. A-People have no problem getting up in the morning, and operate much better earlier in the day. However, B-people are better later in the day. \"I'm useless early in the morning,\" says one of the members of the B-Society.\"All I can do is drink coffee, and stare into space. People used to get up early because they had to feed the animals. But I haven't got any cows or chickens, so I can sleep late,\" She adds. Since the society was set up, the B-Society has welcomed several thousand members. Right now, the B-Society is fighting hard for businesses to join its B-certification   list. Companies that are \"B-certified\" basically give their employees the opportunity to come in when they want. In some companies, employees arrive at any time up to 3:30 pm --- each to their own rhythm  . And it is not just businesses that are benefiting from this. Teenagers who can't get out of bed in the morning, and parents who never quite get the kids to school on time, can now benefit from B-classes. From next year, a school in Copenhagen will offer classes which start later in the day (at 10 instead of eight). And even the government seems to like the idea. The B-Society was founded by Camilla Kring, a professor from the University of Copenhagen. On her website, she says, \"When B-people's work rhythms are considered at the work place, their productivity   and quality of life is increased, which can increase productivity for the entire organization.\" She adds that, \"B-Society will create a new daily rhythm in schools and other institutions   as an alternative to the current rhythm of 'early at work and early at home'. We are working for the establishment of kindergartens, primary and secondary schools as well as universities that open between 10 am and 8 pm.\" Would you like to work for a B-certified company? \n Answer: Late risers.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, who belong to the B-Society?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-59ad9dd4515a4a97b677d21dfdb22a62",
            "input": "Article: Jesse McCartney began entertaining and delighting audiences at a very early age in off-Broadway stage shows including Oliver, A Christmas Carol, and Annie Get Your Gun. At the age of seven, he began a national tour the stage musical show of The King and I. 1998 brought his big chance in television with the role of Adam Chandler, Jr. on All My Children. McCartney stayed with the show for the next three years and won several awards for his role of Chandler.  In 1999 he showed great interest in music, when he auditioned  for and won a spot in a boy band called Dream Street. Sales of the group's album  once reached up to 300,000 copies. Shortly after the album  _ , they toured around the USA with Britney Spears before the band broke up in 2002.His first band was called the Sugar Beats, and in 2003 McCartney partnered with their producer Sherry Kondor to launch his solo career. The song Beautiful Soul became the title track for McCartney's first solo album. Following the great success of his album, it took McCartney one and a half year to make his new one, Right Here You Want Me, which, according to McCartney himself, has had more personal experiences and thoughts.  McCartney never gave up acting and appeared the films The Pirates of Central Park and The Strange Legacy of Cameron Cruz. In 2004 he successfully played the role of Brandin Westerly on the TV series Summerland. He has also combined music and film, contributing songs to films. Born April 9, 1987, Jesse is the oldest of three children. His parents were actors in New York City. His sister Lea Joyce was born in 1991 and brother Timmy, with whom Jesse is very close, came along in 1996.He graduated from Ardsley High School (New York) in 2005, where he was a junior baseball pitcher . Jesse's best friend is former band mate Greg Raposo. \n Answer: tours abroad",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT mentioned of Jesse McCartney?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8a5c38961ca54c21ac3a5d02805349fd",
            "input": "Article: The latest beliefs are that the main purposes of sleep are to enable the body to rest, allowing time for repairs to take place and for tissue to be regenerated . Lack of sleep, however, can compromise the immune system, cause depression and promote anxiety. For many people, lack of sleep is rarely anything of choice. Some have problems getting to sleep, others with staying asleep until the morning. Despite popular belief that sleep is one long event, research shows that, in an average night, there are five stages of sleep. In the first light stage, the heart rate and blood pressure go down and the muscles relax. In the next two stages, sleep gets progressively deeper. In stage four, usually reached after an hour, the slumber is so deep that, if awoken, the sleeper would be confused and disorientated. It is in this state that sleep-walking can occur, lasting no more than 15 minutes. In the fifth stage, the rapid eye movement (REM) stage, the eyes move constantly beneath closed lids as if the sleeper is looking at something. During this stage, the body is almost paralysed . This REM stage is also the time when we dream.[:Z#xx#k.Com] Sleeping patterns change with age. One theory for the age-related change is that it is due to hormonal changes. The temperature rise occurs at daybreak in the young, but at three or four in the morning in the elderly. Age aside, it is estimated that roughly one in three people suffer some kind of sleep disturbance. Causes can be anything from pregnancy, smoking, and stress to alcohol and heart disease. Apart from self-help therapy such as regular exercise, there are psychological treatments, including relaxation training and therapy aimed at getting rid of pre-sleep worries and anxieties. Medication is regarded by many as a last option and often takes the form of sleeping pills. \n Answer: Lack of Sleep",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-96901fe2e83d4974b73fa6d3d3219e04",
            "input": "Article: About seven years ago, whenever I notice someone looked nice, I started telling them they looked nice. Shortly afterwards, I came up with an observation: If you tell five people during the day that they look nice, at the end of the day, six people feel great. Here are some fruitful experiences I have with this. One day, I was riding with a friend when we rolled to a stop at the traffic light. As we waited for the light to turn green, a man walked across the crosswalk. He looked very together, so I called out, \"Hey, you look _ today!\" Pointing towards a building, he said, \"Thanks, but I was sharper there.\" His comment puzzled me. But before I could ask about it, the light turned green, and we drove on. I asked my friend what he meant. My friend informed me that we were at the corner of a radio station and the man was the voice on the radio. Then I understood. But no matter who he was the biggest thing for me was that he was smiling when he accepted my compliment  . Later that day, there was a woman standing on the corner where we were turning, and I yelled   the compliment again, \"You look nice!\" She was just taking a sip of a bottle of water and started to laugh. I felt good to get a laugh. Another day, while seated in a restaurant, there was a lady sitting near me. I really did not care for her skirt, but she did look nice in it, so I told her, \"You look nice today.\" She looked at me and rolled her eyes a little. Well, her friend sitting next to her told her, \"He just gave you a compliment. Say thank you.\" I don't remember whether she said \"thank you\" or not, but what I did notice was that her friend was smiling at my \"You look nice today\" compliment. \n Answer: The friend of the lady in the restaurant felt happy about the compliment.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-514eaada11b941b98f63c67d8b4da5ff",
            "input": "Article: The gray-haired lady can't wait to leave the building to search for her dad. Unless watched, she will walk in the streets in an effort to find her father, who died 30 years ago. Not all cases of Alzheimer's disease  look like this, but Alzheimer's is a serious disease that is said to be the fourth or fifth leading cause of death for people over age 75. It is said that about three percent of the U.S. population over age 65 have Alzheimer's. In the early stages, people may exhibit short-term memory loss. Some may experience changes in personality, easy to be angry. As the disease progresses, patients might lose the ability to move and may be unable to speak or move at all. This progressive disease generally lasts 8 to 10 years before death occurs. While no one is certain what causes these changes in the brain's nerve fibers  , their effect is certain. Alzheimer's destroys not only the patients, but also spouses , friends and families. What should you do if you notice progressive memory loss in yourself or a loved one? Have the person examined by a doctor who is a specialist in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease? Though many reasons other than Alzheimer's disease may cause memory loss, its early diagnosis and treatment may delay some of the most serious effects. What feeling will you likely experience if a loved one suffers from Alzheimer's disease? A person will often go through the various stages of sadness, shock, anger, and so on. If the spouse develops the disease, you may experience hurt and disappointment when he or she doesn't remember you are married. Life for the Alzheimer's patients and their loved ones will never be the same as the disease progresses, bringing a deep sorrow, loss and even anger towards God. No matter what feelings are present, facing them honestly will serve one better than burying them. \n Answer: She suffers from Alzheimer's disease.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the passage about the gray-haired day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7cd51a5fe8e6483bad4b1d3b0a75718c",
            "input": "Article: My house is made out of wood, glass and stone. It is also made out of software. If you come to visit, you'll probably be surprised when you come in. Someone will give you an electronic PIN  to wear. This PIN tells the house who and where you are. The house uses this information to give you what you need. When it's dark outside, the PIN turns on the lights nearest you, and then turns them off as you walk away from them. Music moves with you too. If the house knows your favorite music, it plays it. The music seems to be everywhere, but in fact other people in the house hear different music or no music. If you get a telephone call, only the nearest telephone rings. Of course, you are also able to tell the house if you want something. There is a home control console  , a small machine that turns things on and off around you. The PIN and the console are new ideas, but they are in fact like many things we have today. If you want to go to a movie, you need a ticket. If I give you my car keys, you can use my car. The car works for you because you have the keys. My house works for you because you wear the PIN or hold the console. I believe that ten years from now, most new homes will have the systems that I've put in my house. The systems will probably be even bigger and better than the ones I've put in today. I like to try new ideas. I know that some of my ideas will work better than others. But I hope that one day I will stop thinking of these systems as new, and ask myself instead, \"How will I live without them?\" \n Answer: Easy life in the future.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e3871fdba9e049ba8ad375f65bda9a0a",
            "input": "Article: If you are ever lucky to be invited to a formal dinner party in Paris,remember that the French have their own way of doing things, and that even your finest manners may not be \"correct\" by French custom.For example,if you think showing up promptly at the time given on the invitation,armed with gifts of wine and roses,complimenting your hostess on her cooking,laughing heartily at the host's jokes and then leaping up to help the hostess will make you the perfect guest,think again. Here Madame Nora Chabal,the marketing director of the Ritz Hotel in Paris,explained how it works. The first duty of the guest is to respond to the invitation within 48 hours.And,the guest may not ask to bring a guest because the hostess has chosen her own. Flowers sent ahead of schedule are the preferred gift.They may also be sent afterwards with a thank-you note.It is considered a very bad form to arrive with a gift of flowers vase when she is too busy to do with that. See,that's the logic!The type of flowers sent has a code of its own,too.One must never send chrysanthemums because they are considered too humble for occasion.Carnations are considered bad luck,and calla are too reminiscent of funerals .A bouquet of red roses is a declaration of romantic intent.Don't send those unless you mean it,and never to a married hostess.And though the French love wine,you must never bring a bottle to a dinner party.Why?It's as if you feared your hosts would not have enough wine on hand,and that's an insult .You may,however,offer a box of chocolates which the hostess will pass after dinner with coffee. If an invitation is for eight o'clock,the considerate guest arrives at a quarter past eight.Guests who arrive exactly on time or early are mere thoughtless ones who are not giving the hostess those last few minutes she needs to deal with details and crises. \n Answer: If you are invited by a single French hostess whom you love, send red roses.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is right about sending gifts?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d349098e42748a4bb3460c55c417d98",
            "input": "Article: Researchers at San Diego Zoo have been studying what has been described as the \"secret language\" of elephants. They have been monitoring  communications between animals that cannot be heard by human ears. The elephant's call will be familiar to most people, but the animals also give out growls  . Their growls, however, are only partly audible  ; two-thirds of the call is at frequencies that are too low to be picked up by our hearing. To learn more about the inaudible part of the growl, the team attached (......) a microphone sensitive to these low frequencies and a GPS tracking system to eight of the zoo's female elephants. The researchers could then relate the noises the animals were making to what they were doing. Matt Anderson, who led the project, told BBC News, \"We're excited to learn how they interact and contact with one another.\" The team has already learned that pregnant females use this low frequency communication to announce to the rest of their long gestation   of over two years, in the last 12 days we see the low part of the growl, which we can't hear. This we believe is to announce to the rest of the herd that the baby is upcoming,\" said Dr Anderson. The researchers believe that this also warns the elephants to look out for coming danger. \"You may think that a baby calf of about 300 pounds would not be as open to predation   as other species,\" he says. \"But packs of hyenas   are a big threat in the wild.\" Female elephants are only in season for around four days every four years and these calls can be heard by males more than two miles away. \n Answer: Because it can't be heard by human ears.",
            "output": [
                "Why some elephants' call is called \"secret language\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9986e5de6da4417daf30cce42e41053a",
            "input": "Article: The new university hospital in Trenton, which the Health Minister Victoria Culley has described as a \"shining example\" to hospitals all over the country, has been open now for over six months. Having heard several complimentary   comments about the organization and efficiency of the place, I decided to see for myself. In spite of arriving early, I found that there were already long queues at the reception desks. While I was waiting, I looked around and had to admit that it is an impressive building: large and light with marble everywhere. Eventually my turn came and I presented my doctor's letters to the receptionist, who informed me that I was in the X-ray queue and I'd have to go to another queue and start again! I couldn't believe it and asked her if it might be possible to give me an appointment card anyway without making me queue up again. She informed me it was no good arguing with her and I should have read the sign, an almost invisible piece of card saying \"X-rays\" just in front of her where very few people can have seen it. No matter how hard I tried to persuade her, she wouldn't give me an appointment card for a blood test, so I started queuing again and finally got the card at 8: 30! I then set off for the blood test room, following the nice new signs until they suddenly stopped and I realized that I was in a part of the hospital that hasn't been finished yet! When I got to the door I saw a notice saying \"Back in 10 minutes\". I sat down and waited for 30 minutes before a doctor appeared and told me to come in without, of course, apologizing for keeping me waiting. I asked him why I'd had to wait and he explained he'd had to help out in another ward which was understaffed as a result of a flu epidemic   among the doctors! I got out of the hospital at 9:45 a.m. and breathed a sigh of relief. I'm now waiting for the results. So, Mrs. Culley, a far from rosy picture. Certainly the public should be under no illusions   that things have changed for the better. Perhaps you should visit the hospital as an anonymous outpatient   rather than a government minister if you really want to know what it's like unless, as I suspect, you don't actually care about much. \n Answer: Because he wanted to find out the truth.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author go to the hospital?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-085c259f483c47f39a3705407668b9bb",
            "input": "Article: Tanzania Tarangire is a national Park which lies in Tanzania. The park itself covers an area of around 2,850 square kilometers, making it the sixth largest park of its kind in the country. I recently visited Tarangire to see what it was like.... One of the first sightings upon entering the park which I found was a huge herd of elephants.  Our guide told us that Tagrangire was probably the best place in Tanzania to find large herds of elephants, and that their population in the park was around 2,500. We continued to watch the elephants as they stood under trees and scratched themselves against the trees to hit the spot of an itch . To the right of the elephant herd, we noticed a big tree! Our guide informed us that this was a Baobab tree and that they could live for hundreds of years. Compared with this tree, the elephant just looked like dwarfs ! We were informed that Tarangire was one of the best National Parks in Africa to see so many Baobab trees. As we continued our drive through the park, we finally reached a watering hole. Our guide warned us that there were lions all around us. It took us all a while to find them, but there they were! Most of them are resting in the shade under brushes, but there was one that was drinking from the watering hole directly in front of us. We then noticed just to our right, there were a couple of fresh zebra corpses -- it seemed as if the lions which were resting had killed them! We were unlucky not to have seen the actual kill, as our guide had mentioned that the zebra corpses were fresh and the kill had occurred within the last hour. Our final big sighting was one that none of us were expecting to see, even our guide! We pulled over to where there was a large gathering of cars, with a sleeping leopard there! We took photos happily and excitedly and observed its surprising body before returning to our hotel as it was getting late. So, I hope you enjoyed my description of Tarangire, and that I have inspired you to add this amazing park to your very own Tanzania travel route. \n Answer: There are a lot of Baobab trees in it.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is correct about the park?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e98173741604f429812ddea9610b3fc",
            "input": "Article: On Nov.18,1995,Itzhak Perlman,the violinist,came on stage to give a concert.If you have ever been to a Perlman concert,you know that getting on stage is no small achievement for him.He was stricken with polio  as a child,and so he walks with the aid of two crutches. The audience sat quietly while he makes his way across the stage to his chair and begins his play.But this time,something went wrong.Just as he finished the first few bars,one of the strings on his violin broke.We thought that he would have to stop the concert.But he didn't.Instead,he waited a moment,closed his eyes and then signaled the conductor to begin again. Of course,anyone knows that it is impossible to play a pleasant work with just three strings.I know that,and you know that,but that night Itzhak Perlman refused to know that. When he finished,there was a breathtaking silence in the room.And then people rose and cheered.There was an extraordinary outburst of applause from every corner of the auditorium. He smiled,wiped the sweat from this brow and then he said-not proudly,but in a quiet,holy attitude-\"You know,sometimes it is the artist's task to find out how much music you can still make with what you have left.\" This powerful line has stayed in my mind ever since I heard it.And who knows?Perhaps that is the meaning of life-not just for artists but for all of us. So,perhaps our task in this fastchanging,puzzling world in which we live is to make music,at first with all that we have,and then,when that is no longer possible,to make music with what we have left. \n Answer: One string of the violin got broken.",
            "output": [
                "What made Itzhak Perlman's performance at the concert special on Nov.18,1995?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7df3203abd9b4753a351a42ca82531ba",
            "input": "Article: In the 1960s Professor Bolin predicted   that the \"greenhouse effect\", caused by an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, would lead to important changes in the Earth's climate. At the time his prediction were regarded as science fiction. But it is now gradually agreed that the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will double from 0.03% to 0.06% in the next 50 years and that temperatures worldwide will rise by 2degC. Although a temperature rise of 2deg may not seem significant, the local effects may be much greater: in polar regions a rise of 10deg by 2025 is expected and in Northern Europe a rise of 4deg. Indeed the first effects were expected to be felt before the end of the 20th century. But how does the \"greenhouse effect\" _ and why should such a tiny proportion   of CO2have such a harmful effect? When living creatures breathe out or when things are burned, CO2enters the atmosphere. Until recently all of this was absorbed by plants, which converted   it back into oxygen. However, the balance of nature has been disturbed. In power stations, in factories and in our cars, we are burning more and more fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) and this produces huge quantities of CO2--18 billion tons of it enter the atmosphere every year. Added to this, the destruction of forests means that less CO2can be converted into oxygen by plants. So, the amount of CO2in the atmosphere is increasing every year. \n Answer: Only a small portion of the atmosphere consists of carbon dioxide.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af13c4ba74134c0bb22cb3a54f29464f",
            "input": "Article: An Australian company, Smart Car Technologies, has developed a system that lets drivers know when they're speeding. When the technology becomes commercially available, it could help lead-footed drivers avoid tickets and also save lives. The company that developed the product hopes to convince Australian government agencies to put the technology into use in their automobile fleets. The product, called Speed Alert, links real-time location data and speed obtained with the help of GPS to a database of posted speed limits stored in a driver's PDA or programmable mobile phone. The setup of the product does not need to be hooked up to a car's speedometer. In fact, it is entirely portable. It will also work with newer phones and PDAs that have built-in GPS receivers. If a driver exceeds the speed limit, the speed is shown and an alert sounds. Michael Paine, an Australian vehicle design engineer and traffic safety consultant, was hired to analyze the product. He told Live Science that his colleagues in the road safety field are \"very enthusiastic\" about what they're now calling \"intelligent speed alert.\" Other research, according to Paine, shows that 40 percent of all traffic deaths involve speeding. There is also a potentially controversial future use: \"Since the system is so portable, it would be easy to make it a requirement for teenage drivers to always use a speed alert device when driving,\" Paine said. \"The system even has the capability to record speeding violations, so parents can monitor their teenage drivers.\" The product will soon go on sale in Sydney. \n Answer: To popularize the built-in car system.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the new product?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e4055d3228a04defaff525e0b8060840",
            "input": "Article: Honeymooning at Niagara Falls has become a standard for millions of newly married couples. In fact, Niagara Falls is often fondly called the Honeymoon Capital of the World. This title, however, did not happen overnight. There are various reasons that explain why so many people choose to get married surrounded by a waterfall backdrop. These reasons often include the wonderful natural setting, its unique history, and the inclusion of various activities and attractions that please newlyweds. The Niagara Falls is the waterfalls and twin cities of the same name located on the Niagara River. The waterfalls are situated in the international border between the United States and Canada and are part of both countries. The United States part of the waterfall is in New York state, while the Canadian section is part of Ontario. Both waterfalls are further divided into two major sections: the American Falls, located on the American side, and the Horseshoe Falls, which lies mostly on the Canadian side. A number of tourists who have watched the rush of water falling down Niagara Falls have described the view using many terms, including magical, magnificent, and breathtaking. For many recently married couples, visiting the Canadian side of Niagara Falls is generally more popular, as it provides a better view of the rushing water of both waterfalls. Both sides, however, function as destination wedding sites and offer engaged couples the opportunity to exchange their vows  at various churches and gardens located within the area. Some couples, however, may prefer to get married on the Canadian side to receive a honeymoon certificate signed by the city's mayor.  Another reason why couples state that they choose to celebrate their weddings at Niagara Falls is the sense of history and nostalgia  associated with the area. The place first became connected with being a honeymoon destination in 1801, when Theodosia Burr, the daughter of Vice-president Aaron Burr, visited the region during her honeymoon. The French aristocracy  is also believed to have been early fans of honeymooning at the falls. In fact, French prince Jerome Bonaparte supposedly traveled to the Ontario side of Niagara Falls after his own wedding in 1804 to an American heiress. By the early 1900s, Niagara Falls had claimed itself as the Honeymoon Capital and began to advertise as such. In the 21st century, some young couples choosing to honeymoon in the spot have stated that doing so was a chance to visit the same location previously enjoyed by their parents or even their grandparents. The fact that the destination may also be less expensive than some more exotic  wedding locations has also helped it attract a large number of visiting newlyweds each year. Part of the charm of honeymooning at Niagara Falls might be the natural attraction's ability to combine old-fashioned romance with more contemporary attractions. Newlyweds seeking more private and separated activities may enjoy restaurants featuring candlelight dinners and dancing, quiet picnic areas surrounded by the signs and smells of nature, or a scenic lighthouse tour. On the other hand, couples seeking adventurous activities might find it appealing to visit a casino , take boat or air tours, or stay at a resort hotel. \n Answer: The natural setting, its unique history, and the various activities and attractions attract newlyweds.",
            "output": [
                "Why is Niagara Falls called the Honeymoon Capital of the World?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4af7bc045f0746be80ebf349d4898af5",
            "input": "Article: There is no excuse for not doing yourassignments . If you can't come to school, you should call your teacher or your classmate and ask about homework. It is yourresponsibility to find out what homework you have missed. It is not the teacher's job to remind you of the missed assignments. You must not be absent on a test day. If you are seriously ill, call and let the teacher know you will not be there for the test. If your teacher allows amake-up test ,you should take the test within one or two days after you return to class. Serious illness is the only reason for missing a test. Be on time! It is impolite to be late. Also, it bothers other students. If you must come in late, be sure to do it quietly. Have your books and papers out of your bag before you come into the room. Then go to your seat and sit down quietly. In the USA, it is not necessary to knock before you enter the classroom. Most teachers will give you a low grade if you are often late. In America, you should call your teacher by his or her last name instead of \" teacher\". Also you should use Mr, Miss, Ms or Mrs before the last name ( such as Mrs Smith or Mr Jones). This is polite. The teacher will tell you the title that he or she likes. It is impolite in the USA to eat, drink or chew gum during class. Don't do these until the break. Also, removing your shoes in the classroom is not polite. \n Answer: Call your teacher or your classmate to find out what assignments were given.",
            "output": [
                "What should you do if you miss a class?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bf7b7db9ce654c89b6cb0616899f1b1c",
            "input": "Article: There are more to enjoy in the city this summer than beaches. Some of Toronto's biggest attractions have new and exciting features for summer 2014,both indoors and out. Here's a look at what's new this summer. Art Gallery of Ontario If you are looking to get some culture, there's plenty to see and do at the Art Gallery of Ontario, including art exhibits and collections from around the world. Right now there's Picasso: masterpieces from the Musee National Picasso, Paris>> which runs until April 26. Canada's Wonderland Just outside the city limits is Canada's wonderland, the biggest theme park in Canada. This year sees a lot of new additions to the park, most notably   Leviathan, one of the world's longest and tallest roller coasters. There is also an interactive dinosaur park,stage shows for the kids and the Splash Works water park. Cosa Loma The city's only historic castle is a great place to take the kids for a day of exploration through the castle grounds, gardens and stables. The venue has many events going on throughout the year, and this summer's activities include archery course and Teddy Bear picnics for kids ages two and up. Black Creek Pioneer Village The village features people dressed up for the 19th century, living the old fashioned way. There are gardens, farms filled with domestic animals and more than 30 historical buildings to explore. During the week visitors can tour the grounds, meet with historians, practise Victorian traditions, taste samples, in the brewery and more. The site has activities on holidays,like a Revolutionary War Re-enactment and BBQ   on Father 's day and a Canada Day celebration. Toronto Zoo The Toronto Zoo has more than 5, 000 animals on display, including some new faces this year. A polar bear cub named Hudson made his debut   in March, and starting in May, there is a pair of rare White Lions in the African Savannah section. Be sure to stay for informative talks and presentations from the animal handlers, presented daily. \n Answer: You can see art exhibits and collections from around the world. '",
            "output": [
                "What is the feature of Art Gallery of Ontario?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a7c99724d9c74c1a915470252ef52491",
            "input": "Article: On Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that 42% of Americans could be overweight by 2030.Our expanding waistlines lead to not only a medical problem, but according to a recent article in The New York Times, it could also endanger personal safety in some situations-in an airplane crash, for example. The New York Times' Christine Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are adequately constructed to protect overweight travelers. Government standards for airplane seat strength -first set more than 60 years ago---require that the seats be made for a passenger weighing 170 pounds(77kg).Today, the average American man weighs nearly 194 pounds(88kg) and the average woman 165 pounds(75kg).Negroni reports: \"If a heavier person completely fills a seat ,the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash,\"Robert Salzar,the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. \"The energy absorption(,) that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly\". \"Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,\" Dr. Salzar said. \"If a seat or a seat belt fails,\"he said, \"those people who are seated nearby could be endangered from the uncontrolled movements of the passenger.\" Most complaints about airplane seats focus on their lack of comfort and high ticket price, and whether overweight passengers should be made to buy two seats. But The New York Times' article bring up another reason to feel anxious about flying. Investigators of the issue got in touch with the airplane seat and seat belt makers, but they refused to comment on the problem.Experts agreed that crash testing should be done with overweight dummies .Both airplane seats and seat belts should be tested, _ said. Fortunately, however, according to Nora Marshall, a senior adviser at the National Transportation Safety Board, the board's investigators have never seen an accident involving a commercial plane in which the weight of a passenger was a problem. \n Answer: Safety of overweight airplane passengers",
            "output": [
                "What is the article in The New York Times mainly conceerned with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81edcf75623a48aea0c57c481710f35b",
            "input": "Article: Scientists know of more than 1,000 volcanoes on the surface of Venus, Earth's \"sister\" planet. A big question has been: Are they still active? The scientists say yes. Their evidence for recent volcanic activity on Venus comes from a lava  flow in the planet's northern hemisphere. The flow is hotter than the rocks around, which means the lava might still be cooling off. \"The flow we studied seems to be very young---it is still warm inside,\" Nataliya Bondarenko said. Venus is a difficult planet to study from Earth because it is surrounded by thick clouds. Telescopes on Earth can't see through these clouds, so the best information about Venus comes from spacecraft orbiting it. Bondarenko and her colleagues studied the lava flow using data from NASA's Magellan mission. That spacecraft spent four years in orbit around Venus and used radar to make a map of 98 percent of the planet's surface. On October 11th, 1994, the mission ended, and the spacecraft plunged   through Venus' heavy cloud cover and crashed onto the planet below. While in orbit, the Magellan craft sent microwaves, which can go through Venus' clouds, to the surface. Microwaves are invisible and can be as long as three feet. These waves are a kind of energy, like light. And like light, they bounce off surfaces. The way the waves bounced off the Venus' surface and back to the craft supplied information that the scientists used to estimate the temperature of various parts of the planet's surface. Bondarenko's team found that the lava flow was hotter than its surroundings---which may mean the lava flow is in the process of cooling. The scientists say the lava flow can't be very old because if it were, it would have cooled off enough that Magellan wouldn't have noticed the difference in microwaves. She adds that the flow appears in a 1978 view of the surface that a craft called the Pioneer Venus Orbiter captured. \n Answer: It fell onto Venus.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to Magellan in the end?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9489d7ee9d4a431889fa31186ea445e1",
            "input": "Article: What if you arrived home to find a delicious hot meal waiting for you,prepared by your very own kitchen robot? It might sound like science fiction,but professors at the university of Tokyo have taken the first steps toward making that scenario a reality.The team recently introduced a humanoid kitchen robot that can pour tea and other drinks into cups and serve them to guests.When teatime is over,the robot can also wash the dishes and put them away. In California,another interesting kitchen robot has been developed.Called the Readybot,it can pick up objects and either store them in cabinets or put them in the trash.It also carries a separate floor-cleaning robot that can operate by itself.Unlike the Japanese robot,Readybot is not humanoid.Instead,it looks more like a large box with arms and wheels. Readybot was created by engineers and designers who established a club called the Readybot Challenge.They believe that in the future millions of robots will be needed in homes to perform ordinary household tasks.Readybot is just the first step in their plan to create a robot that can tackle jobs not only in kitchens but in other rooms of homes and in offices as well. Clearly there are technological hurdles to overcome before robots can cook a complete dinner,and there are also many safety concerns.Not everyone(especially parents)would be comfortable with the idea of robots in their house,manipulating hot pans and sharp knives.The European Commission recently funded a project to study these concerns. \n Answer: it looks more like a person than Readybot does.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer imply about the Japanese robot?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-de5831951eeb4e57b26fd72cfd8fb42e",
            "input": "Article: Scientists have created a way to control a robot with signals from human brain.By generating the proper brainwaves--picked up by a cap with electrodes   that sense the signals and reflect a person's instructions--scientists can instruct a humanoid  robot to move to specific locations and pick up certain objects. The commands are limited to moving forward,picking up one of two objects and bringing it to one of two locations.The researchers have achieved 94 percent accuracy between the thought commands and the robot's movements. \"This is really a proofofconcept demonstration,\" said Rajesh Rao,a researcher from the University of Washington who leads the project.\"It suggests that one day we might be able to use semiautonomous robots for such jobs as helping disabled people or performing routine tasks in a person's home.\" The person wearing the electrode cap watches the robot's movements on a computer screen through two cameras installed on and above the robot. When the robot's cameras see the objects that are to be picked up they pass on the information to the user's computer screen.Each object lights up randomly on the computer screen.When a person wants something picked up and it happens to light up,the brain registers surprise and sends this brain activity to the computer and then to the robot.The robot then proceeds to pick up the object. A similar algorithm  is used to decide where the robot will go. \"One of the important things about this demonstration is that we're using a 'noisy' brain signal to control the robot,\" Rao said.\"That means we can only obtain brain signals indirectly from sensors on the surface of the head,not where they are generated deep in the brain.As a result,the user can only generate highlevel commands such as indicating which object to pick up or which location to go to,and the robot needs to be autonomous enough to be able to execute such commands.\" In the future,the researchers hope to make the robots more adaptive to the environment by having them carry out more complex commands. \n Answer: It is controlled by human thoughts.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about the robot introduced in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-09d581fac54f44e08a4e65bf4ed80d83",
            "input": "Article: A group of British schools are banning skirts after helplessly watching the fashion of  \"hemline _ creep\" when girls roll up skirts to show more of their legs.Rising hemlines among girls in their midtolate teens have long been a headache for schools.Now,it seems,girls who are leaving homes with perfectly proper skirt lengths manage to transform their uniform into microminiskirts by the time they get to school. Some are so short that the headmaster of Tewksbury School in Gloucestershire said they are \"almost like belts\".Obviously,they have become a bit of a distraction   for both boys and male teachers. Robert Kelly,headmaster of Berwickshire High School in Scotland,said short skirts could cause \"inappropriate thoughts\" among boys.And Hilary Winter,headmaster of Piggott School in Wargrave,Surrey,described short skirts as a \"difficult distraction for members of staff \". In the town of Ipswich alone three schools have removed skirts from their approved uniform list.David Hutton,headmaster of Northgate High School,said,\"Unfortunately,despite getting in touch with specific parents,sending some girls home to change,requiring others to wear a schoolowned skirt for the day and repeatedly asking others to unroll their skirts,we still had some girls coming to school in inappropriate skirts.\" \"I have therefore introduced a trousersonly policy,which will enable my staff to focus their time and effort on providing students with the best education possible.\" Girls at Nailsea School near Bristol are used to a uniform ban.Two years ago,they were forbidden from wearing trousers made by the clothing brand Miss Sexy,which were reportedly too low on the hips   and too tight.\"Staff were becoming embarrassed by seeing too much of the girls instead of the uniform,\"headmaster David New said.\"They were very low, hipsterstyle,very tight trousers.\"  Now they have been banned from wearing skirts. \"We didn't want to waste any more time on it.It just means that teachers can concentrate on what's important in education,\"New said. Megan Throp,a 15yearold student at Guiseley School in Leeds,facing a trousersonly policy,told the Yorkshire Evening Post newspaper,\"Our rights and freedom of being young women have been taken away because we have been forced into wearing school trousers.\" However,students are likely to find another means of adjusting dress code  ,as David New told the LA Times,\"I suspect that,teenagers being teenagers,there will be a new uniform violation   that becomes the habit,\"he said.\"That was true when I was at school,and I'm sure it was true when my father was at school.\" \n Answer: Permitting only a small number of girls to wear skirts at school.",
            "output": [
                "What measure has Northgate High School taken to keep girls from wearing short skirts?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d893586113f14a1599d3c3eaf5f488c1",
            "input": "Article: It is a matter of common observation that although incomes keep going up over the years,people never seem to become much better off! Prices are rising continuously.The condition is termed  one kind 0f inflation, the money supply is becoming inflated so that each unit of it becomes less valuable.People have got used in recent years to higher and higher rates of inflation. What could be bought ten years ago for one dollar now costs well over two dollars. It seems that this rate of inflation is tending to rise rather than to fall.If in the real world our money incomes go up at the same rate as prices,one might think that inflation does not matter.But it does when money is losing value,it lacks one of the qualities of a good money---stability   of value.It is no longer acceptable as a store of value;and it becomes an unsuitable standard of deferred  payments.Nobody wants to hold a wasting possession,so people try to get rid of money as quickly as possible. Inflation therefore stimulates people spending,and prevents people from saving. \n Answer: Money keeps losing its value.",
            "output": [
                "What does inflation mean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a8b4c628c7d84d93932fa8e3357c9708",
            "input": "Article: The iPhone has become one of the most popular mobile phones in the United States. An 18-year-o1d student in California has used his knowledge of the device to create his own business,gaining national recognition for his work. Vincent Quigg is the CEO of TechWorld. His company is kind of like a hospital for iPhones,specializing in customizing and repairing iPhones. Vincent Quigg launched TechWorld while in high school. \"My mom became single a couple of years ago and I had to grow up. And in order to keep my lifestyle, I had to find different ways to keep my phone, keep a car, transportation and all that stuff. So I had to find ways to be entrepreneurial.\" An organization cal1ed the Network for Teaching Entrepreneurship. or NFTE, helped the young man get started. His mother, Carla Quigg: \"He quit the class, which made me very disappointed.\" \"It was extremely hard for myself to find a business to start and run with it. But once I had that ' _ 'or what I knew I wanted to go with, it was really easy and extremely fun.\" At the time, Vincent worked for the electronics store BestBuy. He says people always came into the store with broken electronic devices. He decided that repairing those devices was what he wanted to do. He not only re-registered for the NFTE class, but he also won the organization's national competition for best young entrepreneur.His business has grown through word-of-mouth. Vincent says he now fixes up to l0 phones per week. He earns about $l,500 each month in sales. TechWorld has two other employees. Kacee Wheeler is one of them. He works on the technical side of the business while Vincent Quigg now deals with finances and planning. He says he wants to continue to grow his business. \n Answer: Customizing and repairing iPhones.",
            "output": [
                "What is Vincent Quigg's company specialized in?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e34ff6eab7b4962a310e71e4d05b332",
            "input": "Article: If you're like a lot of married guys, you don't need to be reminded about men being from Mars or women from Venus. Chances are that you're all too familiar with the feeling that you and your wife are from different worlds. When married people start noticing their fundamental differences, it can lead to a breakdown in communication. The way to have a successful marriage is through communication, common ground and understanding. Here are some pointers to guide you in the right direction. Rather than ending up in an endless back and forth, forget about the issue for a minute. Instead, think about how you feel she's acting toward you and ask her if that's how she feels about you. If you think she's being unfair, ask her if she thinks you're being unfair. Switching the focus to that shared feeling can help your wife see things from your point of view. It's important to accept the fact that there's a two-way street between you and your wife. If you think she doesn't make enough of an effort to see things from your point of view, you have to ask yourself if you're making an effort to see it her way. Realize nobody can wave a magic wand to make you and your wife completely understand each other all the time. Many couples have an extremely close friendship and do almost everything together before they're married. Once you've tied the knot, you may begin to notice that you're not as alike as you once thought. It seems obvious, but some guys get fooled into thinking their wife will be as excited about all of their interests and hobbies as they are. Don't be surprised when you find out that she's not just like \"one of the guys.\" Sooner or later you'll realize that she might be going along with some of your interests just to make you happy. Rather than feel offended if you find out she's not as into your favorite hobby as you thought, appreciate the effort she put into making you happy. Swallow your pride and try to take part in some of her hobbies, too, even if you might _ at first. While you're not going to be trying on makeup with her, you could try baking a recipe together. If either of you is always giving everything and getting nothing in return, there's going to be bitterness. The best marriages are built on compromise. You knew you were going to have to give and take for your marriage to work; now it's time to make it happen. \n Answer: How to get her to speak your language.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-59041f8b6c2e4a68b597905c0006efe2",
            "input": "Article: Brigham Young University students can now receive the unconditional love of dogs without breakingrules prohibiting petsin university housing. Jenna Miller started her company Puppies for Rent this summer in the Provo area as a wayfor studentsand otherstorent puppies by the hour. The pups have been rented for first dates and surprise parties and by mothers rewarding their children. After signing a contract, customers can rent them for $15 an hour, $25 for two hours and $10for each additional hour. Miller offers her seven puppies for playtime rentals, with each dog hand delivered straight tothe customers' door. Her lawyer brother helps her with legal contracts and fees. She now has four employees helpinglook after and deliverthe animal. Carl Arky, spokesman for the Humane Society of Utah said his group is against the business. Puppies need consistency and stability in their lives, he said, and renting them to various peoplemight affect the animals' growth and development. Miller said the animals are treated well and she has a 100 percent success rate so far findingthem a permanent home. Money paid byrenters goes toward adoption fees if they decide to own a puppy. \n Answer: Scientific groupmembers.",
            "output": [
                "Which of thefollowing are not possiblerenters of the puppies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f2dccab8d41a4e1fb7b461dc6bcbfa95",
            "input": "Article: Scientists recently discovered that pictures on cave walls at Creswell Crags are the oldest known in Great Britain. But they didn't find out in the usual way. Archaeologists often date cave art with a process called radiocarbon dating. The technique can measure the age of carbon found in charcoal drawings or painted pictures. Carbon is an element found in many things, including charcoal and even people. But in this case, there was no paint or charcoal to test. People carved the pictures of animals and figures into the rock using stone tools. The scientists had an \"aha!\" moment when they noticed small rocks stuck to the top of the drawings. The small rocks must have formed after the drawings were made. \"It is rare to be able to scientifically date rock art,\" said Alistair Pike, an archaeological scientist at Britain's University of Bristol. \"We were very fortunate that some of the engravings were covered by stalagmites . When a test proved that the stalagmites formed 12,800 years ago, the scientists knew the art underneath them had to be at least that old. And some of the animals shown, like the European bison, are now extinct--another tip-off that the art is quite old. The artists came to Creswell Crags, This place is one of the farthest points north reached by our ancient ancestors during the Ice Age. At that time, much of the North Sea was dry, so people could move about more easily. Some tools and bones found there are 13,000 to 15,000 years old. They show that the travelers hunted horses, reindeer, and arctic hare. Their artwork is similar to art in France and Germany. It tells scientists that the Creswell Crags artists must have had a close connection to peoples several thousand kilometers away-another important clue to understanding how humans spread out across the world. \n Answer: Cave Art in Britain",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be used as the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb3f14e1a1c54ea4a948119691490e28",
            "input": "Article: James lives in Hawaii and his mother lives in Korea. James speaks English (he never learned Korean), and his mom only speaks Korean. They communicate perfectly.  Eric is from Honduras, but he lives in the U.S. Eric just started learning English and speaks very little. But, everyday Eric reads the latest local US news on the Web, with no problem. What these people (and close to 60 million others around the world) share is a remarkable, free software program called Babylon. Babylon may well be the most advanced translation software in the world, and it's a must-have for anyone whose life goes beyond the borders of their own language or those who want it to. Once you download it, you can simply highlight   the part in practically any format, and it's instantly translated into the language of your choice. You can use it to translate a website, email, word doc, pdf, and actually any document in any format you can think of. You can write a document in your native language, and Babylon will instantly translate it into another before you send it. The program translates 75 languages, including Spanish, Chinese, Arabic, Indian, and Russian. It also includes up-to-date encyclopedias  , dictionaries, and spell checkers. Babylon is a long way from early translation software that would, more often than not, make an unreadable text with grammar errors that was better suited for making laughs than comprehension. Babylon's ability to understand and translate is perfect. In fact, businesses are adopting Babylon as the standard when it comes to translating commercial communications and other important documents. Babylon is also a great tool for people who are learning another language. Use it anytime you come across a word or passage you don't understand.  What users enjoy most is the program's ability to open up a different world to them. Whether it's surfing a news site in a different country, or being able to properly communicate with a family member or friend overseas, Babylon can make it happen. Best of all, Babylon is free! To get your free copy, visit Babylon.com. \n Answer: To introduce the topic of this passage.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the writer mention James and Eric at the beginning of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9033426c7604478894a4be6dc61a4e0d",
            "input": "Article: A TV program was being videoed. Tonight it was to select the sweetest whisper of love ever said between husband and wife. The final competition was held among 10 married couples. Seven of them were young ones, two middle-aged and one old. The last turn came to the old couple. The old lady took the microphone and said the sweetest whisper of love she had ever heard was: \" Are you standing or sitting?\" The host fixed his eyes on her, quite puzzled by her words. Regardless of all the talking around, she went on with her story. Her husband had been a doctor before he retired. One day when he was on duty at the hospital, he felt a sharp pain at the heart. By his professional knowledge he knew immediately he suffered a fit of heart attack. His colleagues carried him at once to the operation room and prepared  him for a bypass operation, which was highly risky. The patient's family members had to be informed before it began. The patient himself was allowed to put in a word. Lying silently on the operation table with a trembling hand, he dialed after a moment's thinking of the number of his wife's phone. Finally a familiar voice came from the other end... \"So many years had passed but memory of this incident remained fresh in my mind. What he said in the beginning was: 'Are you standing or sitting?' He was actually worried about me, wondering how I felt at the news. He was afraid I would have fallen flat onto the ground. In such a critical  state as he was then, his thought still went to me...\" The old lady concluded slowly, \"That's the sweetest whisper of love I've ever heard all my life.\" A loud applause followed in the wake of a short silence. \n Answer: They felt confused by her words.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the audience begin talking agter hearing the old woman's first sentence?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-085ccf8914044d959f902c9d7ed141e1",
            "input": "Article: A dog a newborn baby abandoned by its 14-year-old mother in a field in rural Argentina until the boy was rescued, a doctor said on August 22 (Friday). A resident of a rural area outside La Plata called police late Wednesday night to say that he had heard the baby crying in a field behind his house. The man went outside and found the infant lying beside the dog and its six newborn puppies, Daniel Salcedo, chief of police of the Province of Buenos Aires, told CNN. The temperature was a chilly  37 degrees, Salcedo said. The dog had apparently carried the baby some 50 meters from where his mother had abandoned him to where the puppies were huddled, police said. \"She took it like a puppy and rescued it,\" Salcedo said. \"The doctors told us if she hadn't done this, he would have died.\" \"The dog is a hero to us.\" Dr. Egidio Melia, director of the Melchor Romero Hospital in La Plata, told CNN that police showed up at the hospital at 11:30 pm Wednesday with the baby who doctors say was only a few hours old. Though the infant had superficial scratches   and bruises   and was bleeding from his mouth, he was in good shape, Melia said. The next morning, the child's mother was driven by a neighbor to the hospital and told authorities the 8-pound, 13-ounce infant is hers, Melia said. The teenager was immediately give psychological treatment and was hospitalized, he said. She has said little about the incident. The child has been transferred to a children's hospital in La Plata, 37 miles from Buenos Aires. \n Answer: But for the mother do",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage , which statement is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3df3be86fe694442b0de78b49b783617",
            "input": "Article: About 10 years ago my daughter was about 2500 kilometers from Newcastle, and rang me one day crying because of an emotional problem she was facing. She was about 20, and in a town known as Ayrlie Beach in Northern Queensland. I asked her what it was that she needed most in that moment, and she replied that she needed support, and my arms around her would be the best thing that she could hope for! Because I couldn't do that in that exact moment, I asked her to describe her surroundings to me (I have  ly no idea 'why', at the time), and said that if she hadn't heard from me in about 30 minutes, she could ring me back. I asked her to stay exactly where she was. After hanging up the phone, I just sat for a few seconds. After only a very short time a phone number jumped into my head. I rang the number and it was a woman who had bought a house from me about 18 months previously, when I was working in Real Estate. My exact words to her were these, \"Oh, it's you Liz, I have no idea why I'm calling you in particular, but my daughter is in trouble in Ayrlie Beach, and I just got the thought to ring you and tell you that. Have you any idea why?\" \"It could be because my son lives there,\" says Liz. \"Oh really, that's got to be it,\" I said. \"Do you mind giving me his phone number, Liz?\" \"Of course not, and I can only hope that he can be of some help!\" I rang straight away (only about 5 minutes have passed since telling my daughter that somehow I'd get her help). Fortunately, he answered immediately, and I told him the story of who I was, and why I'd rung. I gave him the description of my daughter; where she was standing; and that she needed emotional support if he could find it in his heart to help out so unexpectedly like this. \"Oh yes, I can see her,\" he said...\"she's right across the street from where I'm standing!\" He walked across the street and told my daughter that her Dad had sent him! Imagine that...she almost fainted: only about 10 minutes had passed since she had rung me! I believe that she said something like this, \"Wow, Dad's getting pretty good at this stuff!\". That's intuition at it's best! \n Answer: He said he would connect her in 30 minutes.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author react to his daughter's telephone call?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7f9ff5d471f54563b6ab6657df1ae296",
            "input": "Article: Peter, a high school student, was pretty busy with school, and he was on the soccer team. High school was hard, because everyone wanted to have nice clothes, hang out, drive cars, and all these cost money. Peter's father was the sort of guy that believed you had to earn whatever you got, so he wasn't just about to hand over lots of money for Peter to use to have fun. So, he had to get a job. During his freshman year summer vacation, his classmate got him a job working on a hay   farm. He threw hay up into wagons as the tractor drove around fields, and then they stacked   it in the hot barn. It was a hot, lowpaying job. He once worked a few nights a week at a grocery store. He put things on the shelf. It was a lot of lifting and carrying, and his arms were strong from this and the previous job. It was dull and didn't pay much. He took some time off when soccer got serious, but the following summer he tried working at a lumber yard. It was hot outside, but he got a lot of exercise lifting and carrying things like boards and drywall. He also learned a lot about building supplies. It still didn't pay well. From there, he spent a year doing some tutoring for a friend of the family, but that was piecemeal. His first real job came the last year at school, when he fixed registers and worked on computers at a big box store. It was his favorite job yet, but it still didn't pay well. What Peter realized with all of these jobs was that he needed a better paying job! The only way to get that was to get trained or educated. He could go to school and get a 2year degree in an office or technical position. His other choices were going to a 4year college or joining the army. He wasn't sure what he was going to do yet, but he knew he had to do something. Jobs were a lot of work, money was hard to earn, but he liked staying busy and being able to buy things. Peter wanted the most out of life, and that meant education. \n Answer: Six.",
            "output": [
                "How many jobs had Peter taken?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aaa8089675c545f1b16c559f4f3ff65e",
            "input": "Article: Crossing Texas and Mexico, the Big Bend region is high in biodiversity . It's a place so _ that if something doesn't bite, stick, or sting, it's probably a rock. You know you have arrived in the heart of the Chihuahuan Desert when it feels as if you have fallen off the edge of the earth and into the rabbit hole. Nothing is as it appears. Moths   are the size of birds. Are those twin pillars   of black rock (a landmark known as Mule Ear Peaks) ten miles (16 kilometers) away or fifty (80 kilometers)? Visibility   reaches more than a hundred miles on a clear day, and since there are few roads or buildings to use as milestones, distance is difficult to judge. This is a place where water runs uphill, where rainbows have to wait for rain. The line between myth   and reality is unclear. Stare long enough at the Chisos Mountains or the Sierra del Carmen, the two mountain ranges, known as sky islands, which lie on the land, and they rise and float above the plain. The vast Chihuahuan Desert is a land of no people. There is always the chance you'll die of thirst. The \"You Can Die\"possibilities are endless, and keep some visitors -- 350,000 a year to Big Bend National Park, built in 1944 -- from coming back. Those who do return are left to think of the remarkable courage of the brave few who have managed to survive in this terrible environment. \n Answer: One lies in the Chisos Mountains, the other in the Sierra del Carmen.",
            "output": [
                "Why do the twin pillars of black rock seem ten or fifty miles away?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f00e480a68de45c3ab7574eba5941a3a",
            "input": "Article: Europe's deadly outbreak of a rare form of E. coli bacteria   has brought new attention to food safety issues. One of the problems when people get sick from food is that the simplest question is often difficult or even impossible to answer. Just what did the people eat that made them sick? Of course, one way to avoid these medical mysteries is to keep dangerous organisms out of the food supply. This is easier said than done, but scientists keep looking for new ways. Scientists in the United States have developed an experimental system that uses a high-tech optical scanner. The system is designed to identify the presence of contaminants  like soil or animal waste on fresh produce. These can be sources of E. coli. E. coli bacteria naturally live in the intestines  of humans and many animals. Most kinds of E. coli are harmless but some can make people sick. The new scanner can also show damage and imperfections that might make the produce unappealing to shoppers. Scientists designed the system at a Department of Agriculture research center in Beltsville, Maryland. Moon Kim of the Agricultural Research Service led the team. MOON KIM: \"We were requested, we were asked, to develop a method to detect contamination in produce. So we started with the apple as the model sample.\" The scanner uses a high-speed camera placed over the conveyer belt that moves the produce along. As the apples move along the belt, the scanner captures images of each piece of fruit. Moon Kim says the team hopes the system will be available before long. MOON KIM: \"We are targeting for development in commercial plants for the next several years.\" The scanner can direct a sorting machine to separate the bad apples from the good ones. The system is currently able to show the surface of only half the apple as it speeds by. The inventers hope to improve the process so it can show the whole surface. \n Answer: A high-tech scanner.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main topic of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e09a55beb759497d9f232c324330029d",
            "input": "Article: Half the world's population could face a shortage of food by 2100 due to climate change, a new report by US scientists warns. Rapid global warming is likely to reduce crop production in the tropics and subtropics  , according to Professor David Battisti of the University of Washington.               \"The most extreme summers of the last century will become common,\" he says. \"We must immediately create crops that can bear heat and drought if we are to adapt in time,\" he writes in Science journal.                \"The stresses on global food production from temperature alone are going to be huge,\" said Mr. Battisti. \"And that doesn't take into account water supplies stressed by the higher temperatures.\"                He worked with Professor Rosamond Naylor on Food Security and the Environment, to examine the influence of climate change on the world's food supplies. They predict there is a greater than 90% probability that by 2100, the average growing-season temperatures in the tropics and subtropics will be higher than any temperatures recorded there to date.                \"We are taking the worst of what we've seen historically and saying that in the future it is going to be a lot worse unless there is some kind of adaptation,\" said Professor Naylor. \"This is a powerful reason for us to invest   in adaptation, because it is clear that this is the direction we are going in terms of temperature and it will take decades to develop new food crop varieties that can better bear a warmer climate.\"               \"In the tropics, the higher temperatures could be expected to cut production of the primary food crops by 20-40%,\" the researchers said. Rising temperatures are also likely to reduce soil moisture  , cutting production even further.               Three billion people live in the tropics and subtropics now, and their number is expected nearly to double by the end of the century.                \"You are talking about hundreds of millions of additional people looking for food because they won't be able to find it where they find it now,\" said Professor Battisti.                Crop failures would not be limited to the tropics, the scientists concluded. \n Answer: To develop new crops",
            "output": [
                "According to Professor David Battisti, what should be done to deal with crops reduction caused by global warming?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c1cc74616d3649f7a87e4b6922115e59",
            "input": "Article: A study involving 8,500 teenagers from all social backgrounds found thai most of them are ignorani when it comes to money. The findings, the first in a scries of reports from NatWesl that has started a five-year research project into teenagers and money, arc particularly worrying as this generation of young people is likely to be burdened with greater debts man any before. University tuition fees   are currently capped at PS3,000 annually, but this will be reviewed next year and the Government is under enormous pressure to raise the ceiling. In the research, the teenagers were presented with die terms of four different loans but 76 per cent failed to identify the cheapest. The young people also predicted that they would be earning on average PS 31.000 by the age of 25, although the average salary for those aged 22 to 29 is just PS 17,815. The teenagers expected to be in debt when they finished university or training, although half said that they assumed the debts would be less than PS 10.000. Average debts for graduates are PS 12,363. Stephen Moir, head of community investment at the Royal Bank of Scotland Group which owns NatWest, said. \"The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they arc to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.\" Ministers are deeply concerned about the financial pressures on teenagers and young people because of student loans and rising housing costs. They have just introduced new lessons in how to manage debts. Nikki Fairweathcr. aged 15. from St Helens, said that she had benefited from lessons on personal finance, but admitted thai she still had a lot to learn about money. \n Answer: The students' payback ability has become a major issue.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be found from the five-year research project?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3883e59c9b3047f99479ec9143cfd865",
            "input": "Article: A programmer and an engineer are sitting next to each other on a long flight from Los Angeles to New York.The programmer leans over to the engineer and asks if he would like to play a fun game.The engineer just wants to take a nap, so he politely declines and rolls over to the window to catch a few winks. The programmer persists and explains that the game is really easy and has a lot of fun.He explains, \"I ask you a question, and if you don't know the answer, you pay me $5.Then you ask me a question, and if I don't know the answer, I'll pay you $5.\" Again, the engineer politely refuses and tries to get to sleep. The programmer, now somewhat anxious, says, \"OK, if you don't know the answer you pay me $5, and if I don't know the answer, I'll pay you $50!\" This catches the engineer's attention, and he sees no end to this torment  unless he plays, so he agrees to the game. The programmer asks the first question.\"What's the distance from the earth to the moon?'' The engineer doesn't say a word, but reaches into his wallet, pulls out a five dollar bill and hands it to the programmer.Now, it's the engineer's turn.He asks the programmer, \"What goes up a hill with three legs, and comes down on four?\" The programmer looks up at him with a puzzled look.He takes out his laptop computer and searches all of his references.After about an hour, he wakes the engineer and hands him $50.The engineer politely takes the $50 and turns away to try to get back to sleep.The programmer, more than a little angry, shakes the engineer and asks, \"Well, so what's the answer?\" Without a word, the engineer reaches into his wallet, hands the programmer $5, and turns away and goes back to sleep. \n Answer: A Fun Game",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c595241d3e1f41b68ac3e07c0c898929",
            "input": "Article: \"I love the music-player function of 3G cellphones, \" Xiaomei,  a Chinese senior high school girl living in Japan, said happily.     \"Recently, I logged on to a website and downloaded some new Japanese songs with lyrics  onto my 3G  cellphone, \"the girl said. \"You know, it's amazing! Just like with KTV,  _ 's voice can be switched-off leaving just the background music and lyrics. When no one is around, I practise singing songs like crazy. \" Xiaomei's 3G cellphone almost made her a super star among her classmates. 3G was first introduced into Japan in 2001.  After a slow start,  it's now widely used there.  High school students top the list of user groups, according to a major service provider in Japan.       After years of effort, China is finally catching up. In January, China issued a 3G license to three operators--China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom. In 2009, the operators announced plans to expand the use of 3G cellphones. What is 3G? 3G wireless networks give users faster Internet connections. The Internet connection speed of 3G can be up to 15 to 20 times faster.  This allows music and games to be downloaded more easily. E-mail can also be accessed  faster.  It has made watching movies and video-conferencing possible on a mobile phone.  How do I use 3G?    First, you must have a 3G cellphone. This year, products made by different cellphone companies will gradually  appear in the marketplace.  China Mobile and China Telecom users can continue using their old phone number and SIM card.  China Unicom, however, has not yet decided on this matter.  How much does it cost?    The three operators have said that 3G fees will be similar,  or slightly lower than today's 2G cellphones.     According to a 3G student package,  calls within the China Mobile network will cost 0.13 yuan per minute,  while the fees go up to 0.23yuan per minute for calls between China Mobile and other networks. \n Answer: It is thought that in Japan high school students use 3G the most.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-40502cc814e04277b9440510fc64481a",
            "input": "Article: Rob Kalin learned the secret to success while he was still in his baby bed. At age one, the Boston-bom teacher's son dragged around a stuffed rabbit that had been lovingly sewn by one of his mother's students. True, one of the ears was sewn on backward, but that just added to its magic. \"It was always special to me,\" Kalin remembers of his first handmade craft  . Kalin's appreciation for the simple and the simply eccentric   inspired him to create etsy. com, an online craft fair, probably the largest market for handmade goods in the world. Last year, 350,000 woodworkers and other craftsmen sold their one-of-a-kind crafts on the four-year-old site. They sell everything from hand-knit sleeves for Macbooks ($32) to myrtle-wood electric guitars ($3,200). And in an age of chain stores, it seems there's still a big market. More than three million consumers in 150 countries purchased about $87.5 million worth of crafts on Etsy last year. Emily Worden, founder of Elemental Threads, a custom handbag and jewelry company,  signed up with Etsy when she started her company two years ago. She pays Etsy a 20-cent standard fee for each item she lists on the site, plus a 3.5 percent commission   on everything sold. Etsy allows her to track the number of times customers click on a particular item to view it. \"We can see that our necklaces are a popularly viewed item and which color1s and sizes get the most views,\" she says. \"That is a guide to evolving our product lines.\" Today, Etsy's staff has ballooned to 70 employees, and the company reportedly earns more than $12 million a year.  Kalin's father was a carpenter and taught him early on how to use his hands. Indeed, in high school, he put his skills to work -- developing the photos of his classmates and handcrafting a graduate ID to attend design classes.  Eventually, he was admitted to New York University, studying classics and working as a carpenter. Kalin has also started sewing some of his own clothes. \"I have to make something physical at least once a month,\" says Kalin, \"or I go crazy.\" \n Answer: They are unique.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the crafts sold on etsy.com?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1243abfe8a4643bc90b5d8dee86035a1",
            "input": "Article: Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but--regardless of whether it is or isn't -- we won't do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed. Al Gore calls global warming an \"inconvenient truth,\" as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and--without major technological breakthroughs--we can't do much about it. From 2003 to 2050, the world's population is estimated to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that's too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world's poor people to their present poverty and freeze everyone else's living standards. With modest economic growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050. No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they're \"doing something.\" Consider the Kyoto Protocol  . It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories   didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets. The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it's really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don't solve the engineering problem, we're helpless. \n Answer: It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.",
            "output": [
                "According to the author's understanding, what is A1 Gore's view on global warming?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-98a633e3068f450b8c582f4fa76eb474",
            "input": "Article: An astronomer is making a case for launching pop singer Justin Bieber into suborbital space aboard a private rocket ship. The idea is not to rid the world of the Canadian teenager -- he would come back down to Earth eventually, after all -- but rather to help jump-start the emerging suborbital spaceflight industry. It would generate a lot of public interest, which would help commercial spaceflight pick up some much-needed momentum, said Seth Shostak, senior astronomer at the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute in Mountain View, California. \"If there's more interest, there are more customers. If there are more customers, there's more technical development. It's a positive feedback loop, and obviously that's good.\" Such missions would return to Earth without completing a full lap around the planet. Instead, the flights would hit the edge of space about 62 miles (100 kilometers) above Earth, experience a few minutes of weightlessness, then re-enter the atmosphere and land back at a spaceport. None of these firms are ready to fly customers yet, but some are getting close. For instance, Virgin Galactic hopes to begin powered test flights of its SpaceShipTwo vehicle later this year, with commercial operations perhaps beginning in 2013 or 2014. It is SpaceShipTwo that reportedly grabbed the attention of Beyonce and Jay-Z. Virgin Galactic has collected deposits from nearly 500 customers willing to pay $200,000 for a ride aboard SpaceShipTwo, and both Virgin and XCOR have inked deals to fly scientists and their experiments on research flights. So a suborbital market already exists -- but Shostak is thinking about ways to make it grow. A celebrity launch isn't Shostak's only idea. Suborbital firms should also promote their activities aggressively via social media, Shostak said, and they should make sure their spaceships are bristling with cameras both inside and out, to give the public dramatic views of every mission. Some observers view commercial suborbital spaceflight as a potentially transformative industry, saying it could serve as a stepping stone to the exploration and exploitation of space on an unprecedented scale. While the industry's success is far from assured, Shostak offered some reason for optimism: The American public remains keen on space. \n Answer: To arouse the American public's interest.",
            "output": [
                "Why may Justin Bieber be sent into suborbital space?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e63c5d0b61bc4626bf309b7e8386ce89",
            "input": "Article: True Manliness    \"Please, mother, do sit down and let me try my hand,\"said Fred Liscom, a bright active boy, twelve years old. Mrs. Liscom, looking pale and worn, was moving languidly   about, trying to clear away the breakfast she had scarcely tasted. She smiled and said, \"You, Fred, you wash dishes?\"    \"Yes, indeed, mother,\" answered Fred. \"I should be a poor scholar if I couldn't, when I've seen you do it so many times. Just try me.\" A look of relief came over his mother's face as she seated herself in her low rocking chair. Fred washed the dishes and put them in the closet. He swept the kitchen, brought up the potatoes from the cellar for the dinner and washed them, and then set out for school. Fred's father was away from home and as there was some cold meat in the pantry  , Mrs. Liscom found it an easy task to prepare dinner. Fred hurried home from school, set the table, and again washed the dishes. He kept on in this way for two or three days, until his mother was able to resume her usual work. He felt amply rewarded when the doctor, who happened in one day, said, \"Well, madam, it's my opinion that you would have been very sick if you had not kept quiet.\" The doctor did not know how the \"quiet\" had been secured, nor how the boy's heart bounded at his words. Fred had given up a great deal of what boys hold dear, for the purpose of helping his mother, coasting and skating being just at this time in perfection. Besides this, his temper and his patience had been severely tried. He had been in the habit of going early to school and staying to play after it was dismissed. The boys missed him and their curiosity was excited when he would give no other reason for not coming to school earlier, or staying after school, than that he was \"Wanted at home.\" \"I'll tell you,\" said Tom Barton, \"I'll find him out, boys-see if I don't!\" So, one morning on his way to school, he called on Fred. As he went around to the side door, he walked lightly and somewhat nearer the kitchen window than was  ly needful. Looking in, he saw Fred standing at the table with a dishcloth in his hand.    Of course he reported this at school, and various were the greetings poor Fred received at recess  .\"Well, you're a brave one to stay at home washing dishes!\"\"Girl boy!\" \"Pretty Bessie!\"\"Lost your apron, haven't you, Polly!\" Fred was not wanting either in spirit or in courage, and he was strongly tempted to resent these insults and to fight some of his tormentors  . But his consciousness of right and his love for his mother helped him.    While he was struggling for self-mastery, his teacher appeared at the door of the schoolhouse. Fred caught his eye, and it seemed to look, if it did not say, \"Don't give up! Be really brave!\" He knew the teacher had heard the insulting taunts of his thoughtless schoolmates.    The boys received notice during the day that Fred must not be taunted in any manner. They knew that the teacher meant what he said; and so the brave little boy had no further trouble. \n Answer: A boy learned to be responsible.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best describes the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d36b55a98bf2423ea640671f92f9b4d2",
            "input": "Article: It was about 11:15 pm on the passenger ship California. The night was freezing cold and the water was filled with ice from the North Pole, making it difficult for the ship to sail on. In the radio room, ship California's operator Cyril Evans listened to the radio-talk between a nearby passenger ship and the telegraph station on the Canadian island of Newfoundland. Evans interrupted it and said, \"We're stopped and surrounded by ice. Be careful as you pass through these waters.\" The radio operator on the nearby ship replied, \"I'm too busy to talk now. I have many messages to send to the telegraph station. \" Twenty minutes later, as he turned off his radio and went to bed, Evans could still hear the ship sending its passengers' telegrams. Earlier in the evening the California's captain, Stanley Lord, had seen another ship approaching. It looked about the size of his own, but attempts to contact the ship failed. It lay dark and mysterious about 10 miles away. At 00:40 am there appeared a sudden flash of light just over the mystery ship. Captain Lord, thinking the ship might need help, ordered his officers to signal the ship by lamp. There was no reply. Three more rockets then exploded, none appeared to go higher than halfway up the mast of the mystery ship. Then at about 2:00 am it turned and slipped into the darkness. In the light of the dawn there was no mystery ship, but 20 miles away was the scene of a great disaster. Unfortunately, the mystery ship had stopped directly in front of the California, preventing people on board from seeing clearly. If this ship had not been there, Captain Lord would have recognized that the rockets were SOS rockets that came not from the mystery ship but from a more distant ship which the California could not see. If Cyril Evans had kept his radio on for just 30 minutes more he would have heard SOS signals coming from that distant ship he spoke with the night before. That ship was the Titanic which was sinking fast, leaving 1,500 of its passengers dead. It was April 14, 1912. \n Answer: To signal for help.",
            "output": [
                "Why were the rockets really fired?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4a0bfd758bb04839b283380555bb0b63",
            "input": "Article: China's Ministry of Culture has recommended 10 cyber games  that are suitable for minors to play as part of its drive to purify the on-line environment for the young. The 10 cyber games were selected by the ministry's on-line games censorship committee from scores of games recommended by the Chinese public.l The games are all domestic products. They include five role playing games (RPG), four recreation and chess games, and one educational game, such as \"Warring States II Online,\" \"Rainbow Island Online,\" and \"Wonderlands of learning and games.\" These games have made their way into the final recommendation list because they are considered \"healthy\" and can \"enhance intelligence,\" according to the ministry. The ministry hoped the list could serve a a guidance for parents to better direct their children in the winter vacation, which usually lasts nearly two months from January to February each year. This was the third time for the ministry to publish recommended cyber games list. The previous two were made public respectively in January 2006 and August 2005 with a total of 25 games inlisted. In the past few years, on- line games have become the favorite pastime of young people. However, it is argued that such social problems as game addiction, juvenile delinquency   and perversion among minors by on-line violence and pornography   have come from an inadequately regulated Internet. About 9.72 percent of Chinese netizens between the ages of 13 and 30 suffer Internet addiction, said a report issued last month by the China Youth Association for Network Development (CYAND). According to the China Internet Network Information Center (CINIC), the main Internet watchdog, China had 210million Internet users at the end of 2007 and its online population is on course to become the world's largest at the beginning of this year. Net users between 18 and 30 accounted for 49.9percent of the total users. Although the CINIC did not give the figure of those below 18, teenagers and youths have obviously taken up more than half of the total number of net users. And the number of users under age 18 increased rapidly last year, the CINIC noted. \n Answer: They are all foreign products.",
            "output": [
                "What do you know about the 10cyber games ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2536161d649e47649350137d3300c839",
            "input": "Article: The poaching  ,or illegal killing,of rhinos  in South Africa is growing worse each year.The government recently reported that a record number of rhinos were poached in 2015,a year which had more rhino killings in South Africa than ever before. The World Wildlife Fund,or WWF,says about 20, 000 rhinos live in South Africa. That is more than 80 percent of the rhinos in the world. Edna Molewa, South Africa's Environment Minister,says, \"During 2015,we are sad to say this,1, 215 rhinos were killed.This is a rise in the number of poached rhinos from 1,004 in 2014 and indeed very worrying.\" The animals are hunted for their horns .Many people in Asia believe the horn has curing power, which drives poachers, at all costs, mad for more horns. But there is no scientific evidence for this belief.The horn is made of keratin .That is the same thing as human hair,fingernails and toenails. Ms.Molewa said 386 suspected poachers were arrested last year,an increase from the year before.But rhino protection workers say poachers often go unpunished after arrest. South Africa's legal system is ineffective. Ms. Mo1ewa said more needs to be done and South Africa is taking strong measures to protect rhinos.The efforts include moving some of the animals to secret places in neighboring countries. \"Now approximately 100 rhinos have been moved to neighboring states in the SADC region during 2015 and 200 more rhinos will be moved this year,\" Molewa said. Jo Shaw,the rhino program manager at the WWF,said,\"We're talking about a loss of a hundred rhinos a month,or more than three a day.We really need to see effective action not just at a national level but internationally.\" She says officials should find the criminal groups responsible for the poaching and punish them. Government officials are to meet in Botswana in March at the Inter-governmental Conference on Illegal Wildlife Trade. \n Answer: To make money from horns.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main reason for people to hunt rhinos?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-97059e33f7224e028573086900a57634",
            "input": "Article: The price of milk may be going up. There was not enough rain in some parts of the country last year and the bad weather may mean that a gallon   of milk will cost 41 cents more after October 1st. California already has high milk prices and the California court does not want the price to go any higher. High milk prices will be very hard for some people. Families with many children will have to spend more money to buy milk. The poor and older people without much money will also be hurt by higher prices. The court said that more milk from other states should be sold in California as the price of milk from other states is not as high. Some states got enough rain so their costs did not go up. People will then be able to buy the cheaper milk, meaning that unless milk producers bring their milk prices down, their milk will not sell. The drought   around the country has meant market forces are likely to push milk prices up by as much as 41-cent a gallon by October 1st. Experts said this decision by the Californian court could reduce   the effect of the price rise here. The 41-cent increase would add to California's already high milk prices so California must allow more milk producers from outside the state to sell their products there. This would then lead to increased supplies  , which would, as a result, stop milk prices from increasing. \n Answer: Families with lots of children.",
            "output": [
                "Who will be hurt by high milk prices?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0bbd82406f1f4f73b131bbeb5aa68c7f",
            "input": "Article: Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor of the apartment building. For years, he had always been planning to paint a work of art, but had never yet begun it. He earned a little money by serving as a model to artists who could not pay for a professional model. He was a fierce, little, old man who protected the two young women in the studio apartment above him.  Sue found Behrman in his room. In one area was a blank canvas   that had been waiting twenty-five years for the first line of paint. Sue told him about Johnsy and how she feared that her friend would float away like a leaf on the old ivy vine  climbing hopelessly up the outside block wall.  Old Behrman was angered at such an idea. \"Are there people in the world with the foolishness to die because leaves drop off a vine? Why do you let that silly business come in her brain?\" \"She is very sick and weak,\" said Sue, \"and the disease has left her mind full of strange ideas.\"  \"This is not any place in which one so good as Miss Johnsy shall lie sick,\" yelled Behrman. \"Some day I will paint a masterpiece, and we shall all go away.\"  Johnsy was sleeping when they went upstairs. Sue pulled the shade down to cover the window. She and Behrman went into the other room. They looked out a window fearfully at the ivy vine. Then they looked at each other without speaking. A cold rain was falling, mixed with snow.  The next morning, Sue awoke after an hour's sleep. She found Johnsy with wide-open eyes staring at the covered window. \"Pull up the shade; I want to see,\" she ordered, quietly. Sue obeyed.  After the beating rain and fierce wind that blew through the night, there yet stood against the wall one ivy leaf. It was the last one on the vine. It was still dark green at the center. But its edges were color1ed with the yellow. It hung bravely from the branch about seven meters above the ground.  \"It is the last one,\" said Johnsy. \"I thought it would surely fail during the night. I heard the wind. It will fall today and I shall die at the same time.\"  \"Dear, dear!\" said Sue, leaning her worn face down toward the bed. \"Think of me, if you won't think of yourself. What would I do?\" But Johnsy did not answer.  The next morning, when it was light, Johnsy demanded that the window shade be raised. The ivy leaf was still there. Johnsy lay for a long time, looking at it. And then she called to Sue, who was preparing chicken soup.  \"I've been a bad girl,\" said Johnsy. \"Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how bad I was. It is wrong to want to die. You may bring me a little soup now.\"  An hour later she said: \"someday I hope to paint the Bay of Naples.\"  Later in the day, the doctor came, and Sue talked to him in the hallway. \"Even chances. With good care, you'll win,\" said the doctor. \"And now I must see another case I have in your building. Behrman, whose name is some kind of an artist, I believe, has Pneumonia  , too. He is an old, weak man and his case is severe. There is no hope for him, but he goes to the hospital today to ease his pain.\"  The next day, the doctor said to Sue:\" She's out of danger. You won. Nutrition and care now - that's all.\"  Later that day, Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay, and put one arm around her. \"I have something to tell you, white mouse,\" she said, \"Mister Behrman died of pneumonia today in the hospital. He was sick only two days. They found him the morning of the first day in his room downstairs helpless with pain. His shoes and clothing were completely wet and icy cold. They could not imagine where he had been on such a terrible night.  \"And then they found a lantern, still lighted, and a ladder that had been moved from its place. And art supplies and a painting board with green and yellow color1s mixed on it.  \"Look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall. Didn't you wonder why it never moved when the wind blew? Ah, darling, it is Behrman's masterpiece - he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell.\" \n Answer: When the last leaf falls from the ivy vine I must go.",
            "output": [
                "What was in Johnsy's mind all the time when she was very sick?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af12f061b7b646faa976082dcf14da0b",
            "input": "Article: If your dog looks pleased to see you - it is probably because it loves the particular way you smell. The odour of a familiar human apparently lingers like perfume in the animal's brain - where it triggers an instinctive emotional response, research published yesterday reveals. Our scent acts on a part of the canine brain associated with reward and the strongest reactions are produced by humans that pets know best, say scientists in America. Gregory Berns, of Emory University in Atlanta, said: 'While we might expect that dogs should be highly tuned to the smell of other dogs, it seems that the \"reward response\" is reserved for their humans. 'When humans smell the perfume or cologne of someone they love, they may have an immediate, emotional reaction that's not necessarily cognitive. 'Our experiment may be showing the same process in dogs. But since dogs are so much more olfactory  than humans, their responses would likely be even more powerful than the ones we might have. 'It's one thing when you come home and your dog sees you and jumps on you and licks you and knows that good things are about to happen. 'In our experiment, however, the scent donors were not physically present. Why do animals avoid pylons? Because they emit terrifying flashes of light that are INVISIBLE to humans. Dolphins use sponges to protect their sensitive noses while foraging for food on the sea floor 'That means the canine brain responses were being triggered by something distant in space and time. It shows that dogs' brains have these mental representations of us that persist when we're not there.' The university's experiment - the first of its type - involved 12 dogs of various breeds who underwent brain scans while five different scents were placed in front of them. The scent samples came from the subject itself, a dog the subject had never met, a dog that lived in the subject's household, a human the dog had never met, and a human that lived in the subject's household. The familiar human scent samples were taken from someone else from the house other than the handlers during the experiment, so that none of the scent donors were physically present. The results showed that all five scents elicited a similar response in parts of the dogs' brains involved in detecting smells. Responses were significantly stronger for the scents of familiar humans, followed by that of familiar dogs. The findings, which were published in the journal Behavioural Processes, showed that dogs reacted strongest to the scent of a familiar human even when they were not there. Pets trained as help or therapy dogs showed greater brain activity than the other dogs in the test. Researchers say the findings could improve the way animals who assist wounded veterans or disabled people are selected. \n Answer: because your dog loves the particular way you smell.",
            "output": [
                "Why does your dog look pleased to see you ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72cf75fc6866456aa95a076c9f05d8f9",
            "input": "Article: President Obama: I want to welcome Vice President Xi to the Oval Office and welcome him to the United States. This is obviously a great opportunity for us to build on the U. S.-China relationship, but also an opportunity to return the extraordinary hospitality that Vice President Xi showed Vice President Biden during his recent visit to China. As I indicated during my recent visit to APEC and the East Asia Summit, the United States is a Pacific nation. And we are very interested and very focused on continuing to strengthen our relationships, to enhance our trade and our commerce, and make sure that we are a strong and effective partner with the Asia Pacific region. And obviously, in order to do that, it is absolutely vital that we have a strong relationship with China. So, Mr. Vice President, I hope you have a wonderful visit while you're here. I'm sure the American people welcome you. I'm glad that you're going to get an opportunity to get out of Washington. I know you'll be visiting Lowa, which you visited many years ago when you were governor. And I understand you're also going to Los Angeles and maybe even taking in   a Lakers basketball game. So I hope you enjoy that very much. I want to extend my deepest welcome to you, and look forward to a future of improved dialogue and increased cooperation in the years to come. \n Answer: In a news report.",
            "output": [
                "Where can you most probably read the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1c7a397448b446aaa8260f9bb19fb654",
            "input": "Article: Photography has been my interest ever since I was old enough to pick up a camera, but today I want to share with you the 15 most treasured photos of mine, and I didn't take any of them. There were no art directors, no stylists, no chance for reshoots, not even any regard for lighting. In fact, most of them were taken by random tourists. My story begins when I was in New York City for a speech, and my wife took a picture of me holding my daughter on her first birthday. We're on the corner of the 57thand 5thavenue. We happened to be back in New York exactly a year later, so we decided to take the same picture. Well you can see where this is going. Approaching my daughter's third birthday, my wife said, \"Hey, why don't you take Sabina back to New York and make it a father-daughter trip, and continue the ceremony?\" This is when we started asking passing tourists to take the picture. So these photos are far more than representatives for a single moment, or even a specific trip. They're also ways for us to freeze time for one week in October and reflect on our times and how we change from year to year, and nor just physically, but in every way. Because while we take the same photo, our viewpoints change, and she reaches new milestones and I get to see life through her eyes, and how she communicates with and sees everything. This very focused time we get to spend together is something we value and expect the entire year. \n Answer: Her mother.",
            "output": [
                "Who came up with the idea of having a father-daughter trip when Sabina was 3 years old?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3b27312bf99442969e12093cf186fa88",
            "input": "Article: Edward Sims was born in 1892. He was the fifth child and only son of Herbert and Dora Sims. Herbert was a blacksmith , and had a thriving trade making horseshoes. He was determined that his first-born son would follow him into the blacksmith. For this reason, Edward had to leave school at the age of 12,and worked with his father. However, Edward was _ a blacksmith. Although he has an athletic body, he didn't have strong arms like his father, and he felt dizzy in the heat of the smithy.  When he tried to find alternative employment, he found it difficult because he had never learnt to read or write. One day, he went for an interview at a solictior's office. The job was a runner, taking documents from the office to other offices in the city. The solicitor was pleased to see that Edward was physically fit, but when he discovered that the young man couldn't read or write, he decided against employing him. \"How can you deliver documents to other offices,\" he asked, \"if you can't read the addresses on them?\" Bitterly disappointed, Edward left the building and went to wait for a tram to take him back to the suburb where his father's smithy was. Next to the bus stop, a man was selling newspapers from a stand . \"Excuse me, son?\" he said. \"Would you look after my stand for a moment?\" For the next 20 minutes, Edward sold newspapers, lots of them. When the man came back, he was so delighted with his new assistant's honesty, that he offered him a job. Edward took it immediately. In the next few months, the two men progressed from working on newspaper stands to selling newspapers, tobacco,confectionery and other goods in a shop. Then they opened a second shop, and a third. Eventually, they had a chain of 25 shops in three cities. Edward became very rich, so he employed a tutor to teach him to read and write. The tutor  was amazed at what Edward had achieved. \"Imagine what you could do if you'd been able to read and write when you were younger!\" he said. \"Yes!\" said Edward. \"I could have run myself to exhaustion delivering documents for a solicitor!\" \n Answer: Success of illiterate newsboy",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-24353f0fd0034d9180692281ba4d76b8",
            "input": "Article: Whether you live in Seattle or the Sahara desert, the time has come to invest in a good raincoat or umbrella, a new study suggests. As global temperatures continue to rise, more \"extreme rain\" events--intense, cats-and-dogs downpours--can be expected, said thestudy, published Monday in the journalNature Climate Change. And that, scientists said, means an increased flood risk, particularly for the world's driest areas. The study challenges the idea that global warming is causingdry areas to become drierand wet areas wetter. \"In both wet and dry regions, we see these great increases in heavy precipitation ,\" lead author Markus Donat, a climate scientist at the University of New South Wales, told Nature. Donat and his team collected data from 1951 to 2010 on extreme precipitation events from 11, 000 weather stations around the world, Nature reported. In that time, the number of days with \"extreme precipitation\" increased 1 percent to 2 percent per decade. \"We found a strong relationship between global warming and an increase in rainfall, particularly in areas outside of the tropics,\" Donatsaid in a statement. \"Importantly, this research suggests we will see these extreme rainfall events increases at regional levels in dry areas, not just as an average across the globe,\" Donat added. Peter Stott, a senior climate scientist at Met Office, told Climate Central that the study's findings are important, because more violent rainfall and flooding will \"challenge our capability to adaptto a rapidly changing climate.\" As Nature reported, the research aligns witha 2015 study that found global warming has led to a sharp increase in record-breaking precipitation events. Donat told Nature that his study should come as a warning to world governments. \n Answer: Extreme rain events can be expected at regional levels in dry areas.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is one of the study's findings?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ffb19f1a2dc94291a3c7d9c6ab252d3b",
            "input": "Article: With her adopted son, she travels the world making movies and dispensing  hope. Angelina Jolie lives in two worlds: Hollywood, where she makes movies and stays in five-star hotels, and the refugee  camps of Africa and Asia, where she works with the UN, bringing hope to the homeless. She feels most alive, most herself, she says, working with refugees, yet still feel grateful for life.  At 24, Jolie won an Oscar for playing in Girl Interrupted, but found little satisfac-tion in stardom or the wealth that came with it. The daughter of actor Jon Voight and actress Marcheline Bertrand, she had already seen the downside of celebrity--her parents divorced when Jolie was a child. And she always burst into tears when metioned that. After she finished shooting Lara Croft: Tomb Raider, Jolie volunteered to be a UN ambassador   and returned to Cambodia to visit refugee camps. She found a calling, and realized that her fame and money could be used to accomplish a world of good.  Now the mother of son Maddox, 3, whom she adopted in Cambodia, Angelina Jolie hopes to adopt more children. We caught up with her in Beverly Hills on a day away from the set. She talked to us about her role as the mother of Alexander the Great (played by Colin Farrell) in her new movie, Alexander, her passion for helping the homeless, and her longing for a partner with whom she might share it all. \n Answer: Lively.",
            "output": [
                "How does Angelina Jolie feel while staying with homeless people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9e3e240a3c4d4ea8aeab09aaac4315dc",
            "input": "Article: People who put a smiley face at the end of a message, in an attempt to show feeling, show no feeling. I wish there was a symbol for two fingers in the air. I had some bad news this week. My manager informed me of this news via email. It was like hearing about the death of a loved one via pigeon. Bad news should only ever be delivered face to face or voice to voice. We seem to celebrate our numerous methods of communication, but really there is no communication at all. I talk to my plants more than I talk to my neighbors, I get text messages that take me three hours to read because they're written like this: \"Hi, I ope you av a gr8 day. Call me La8tr.\" I had an email from someone this week that read, \"Da ut ov 2day are really annoying me!\" Ut? I had to say this 20 times before I understood it. Youth has now become ut. Haven't we taken enough from them--now we have to take their letters? I had an email recently from a girl who used to live over the road from me as a child. She wrote, \"Hi Shazia, howz u? Im sure u used 2 live across the road from me. We sumtimes played tennis 2 gever at the park and you was in your eliment. I am married now wif 3 daughters.\" Then, to my horror, she ended the email with: \"Im now teachin in Leeds. Luv Clare.\" Teaching? With English like this. It's like saying you're a train driver when you've never seen a train. It was like reading modern Morse code. Getting bad news via email makes it seem so much worse than it actually is. Just a few lines, no emotion, no comfort, not really an explanation. Just a few cold hard words. It's an excuse. Just write a few words and the problem of delivering it is no longer yours. A close friend recently told me she was very happy to announce she was getting married--and made the announcement by email. I don't know how she didn't fall off her chair with excitement while writing it. If you are really happy or really sad to announce something important, wouldn't you like a human reaction? Some euphoria, elation, tears, a punch in the face? I receive long text messages every day with information and explanations that I don't bother reading. They're boring, and annoy me. In the time it took someone to write me three laborious texts, they could have called, spoken to me, made some tea. People who put a smiley face at the end of a sentence, in an attempt to show feeling, show no feeling. I wish there was a symbol for two fingers in the air, because that's the one I'd send back. The telegram has been responsible for reporting world-shattering events when there were very few other options . Now we have options, and people opt for the least humane one. My mum, in an attempt to get down with the ut of today, asked me to teach her to text. Now she constantly texts me in block capitals, so it looks as if she is still angry and annoyed with me after all these years. People don't even write by hand any more. My doctor prints out prescriptions from his computer; even my mechanic prints out a receipt. I get typed Christmas cards and my friends send me emails. I get very excited when hand-written letters come through my door, only because they rarely do. When I was at school, the girls used to write letters to each other, even though we sat side by side and spoke to one another all day. I think it was a way of expressing private things we were afraid to say when we were 14 and too shy. We used to write things like, \"You are my best friend, can't wait to sit next to you in math.\" I miss the personal method of communication. Once the pen was mightier than the sword, now it seems the keyboard is mightier than the pen. \n Answer: Less shy than school girls, boys rarely write letters to their friends.",
            "output": [
                "According to the writer, which of the following can support her opinion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9877c2fd93cc4872b3a1504756320bb3",
            "input": "Article: Fish contains lost of omega-3 fatty acids.These fatty acids have been shown to help prevent heart disease,lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of strokes.Researchers suggest that these benefits of eating fish far outweigh the risks of getting sick from contaminated fish. Ongoing studies find that omega-3 fatty acids work magic on the brain too.Pregnant? Go out and eat fish! One study tracked a group of expectant women who ate more than 340 grams of fish per week.It turns out they gave birth to children who,years later,scored really high on IQ tests. How can you add fish to your diet? One way to begin is by replacing meat with fish in one meal a week.Instead of frying,which retains more fat,try boiling your fish in an oven or grilling it outdoors.And don't be afraid to spice up your fish.Garlic,herbs other spices can add wonderful flavors to fish. For lighter meals,keep a few cans of tuna or other fish on hand at all times.They're great for making tasty sandwiches or fish burgers.If you get hungry in the middle of the morning or afternoon,try tuna on crackers.It's hard to find a better snack.And parents,be sure to introduce fish to your children.It's important for them to get used to eating it at a young age. \n Answer: Reasons for having seafood",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer discuss in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-41cecb66f56142a3a082bee54fc8e2c5",
            "input": "Article: Driving in a foreign country is always different in at least some ways from driving in your own country. Here are some general points regarding driving in New Zealand. Visitors wishing to drive in New Zealand do not require an international driver's license but are required to carry their local driver's license whenever driving. Vehicles drive on the left-hand side of the road as they do in Britain, Australia, and Japan. Most rental vehicles will have a sticker reminding you of this important fact. When the traffic light is red, you must stop. There is no left turn rule as in North America. New Zealand road rules follow international standards but please note that in New Zealand vehicles turning left must give way to traffic turning right. In general, if you are turning left (where there are give-way signs or no signs), give way to vehicles that not turning. In all other situations, give way to vehicles crossing or coming from your right. Seat belts must be worn at all times while driving in New Zealand. This stands for the driver and passengers. The driver is responsible for ensuring all passengers are wearing their seatbelts. Do not drink alcohol before driving in New Zealand--drinking and driving laws are strictly enforced. Speed limits are in kilometres per hour (kph), not miles per hour (mph). Speed conversion: 1 kph equals 0.621 mph; 1 mph equals 1.61 kph. The speed limit on the open road is 100km/h. In towns and cities the speed limit is 50km/h. Be sure to obey all school crossing speed reductions as speed cameras operate regularly throughout New Zealand. For further information and up to date road conditions visit: [Link] \n Answer: A foreign driver is expected to have a driving license issued by New Zealand.",
            "output": [
                "What can be learned from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e3d92cbe5344edf89ab567858537f80",
            "input": "Article: Do you enjoy seeing the stars twinkling at night ? Or do you love the ocean and sea, diving and racing with lovely dolphins? With heavy burdens on their shoulders, teenagers find it hard to pull out. Even if they are free, they prefer to occupy themselves with computer games or watching TV. How to get children away from screens is a great concern for parents. Now there is some good news for those concerned parents and teachers. A campaign is being launched to encourage children to surrender 30 minutes of screen time a day to head for the great outdoors. The newly formed Wild Network - a collaboration of nearly 400 organizations - is attempting to attract youngsters away from television and computer screen and into fields, woods and parks. Organizers say it is the UK's biggest ever campaign to reconnect children with nature and outdoor play, and claim it could help improve fitness, mental alertness and general well-being. A documentary film, Project Wild Thing, will herald the launch at more than 50 cinemas across the UK from Friday. It looks at the increasingly fragile link between children and nature. Members of the network include the National Trust, RSPB, Play England and the NHS sustainable development unit. Andy Simpson, chairman of the Wild Network, said: \"The tragic truth is that kids have lost touch with nature and the outdoors in just one generation. Time spent outdoors is down, roaming ranges have fallen drastically, activity levels are declining and the ability to identify common species has been lost.\" Suggestions of how to get more time in nature include collecting conkers , camping or snail racing, and observing autumn colour on trees. From January, the network will aim to make suggestions to politicians on how government can do more _  This is not the first time the message of less screen, more play has been brought up. Children in the 1980s were entreated to do the same by the BBC TV series Why Don't You, which somewhat confusingly called on its viewers to \"switch off your TV set, and go do something less boring instead\". \n Answer: To encourage children to play outdoors.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of the campaign in UK?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4ee6be6ffb62408abf4509d7718ec0e8",
            "input": "Article: Parents do need to teach their kids financial responsibility and that money is earned. Still, many child-development experts agree that tying a child's allowance to chores can be a slippery slope. Here's why. Susie Walton, master instructor at Peace in Your Home advises to keep chores and allowances totally separate. \"Allowance is one thing. When it comes to chores, life skills, responsibilities-that's a whole different thing.\" says Walton. Walton says, \"When kids aren't doing a chore, you don't say, 'well, there goes your allowance.' You're going to sit them down and ask what's going on. 'We are a team. We are a family. We've got to have them done.'\" Besides, by paying children for chores with an allowance, you'll also be sending the message that work isn't worth doing unless they're getting paid for it. There are times when it would make sense to pay kids for chores. Most financial and child-development experts agree that it's a fine idea to pay children money for extra jobs that are outside their normal set of chores, such as washing windows, washing the car or helping to clean out the garage-especially if the child is saving for a big item. This may even develop an entrepreneurial   spirit to think outside of the box to earn money. For parents who are concerned that their children won't learn the value of a dollar if the allowance isn't tied to household chores, note that there are still plenty of money management skills to be learned from a straight allowance. Depending on the age, kids can be made responsible for paying for their own toys or snacks. Some parents even require that kids set aside a percentage of their allowance toward savings. \"I really like having my own money,\" says Kevin, 9. \"It's up to me if I want to buy the cheap toy now, or save and get the better toy.\" And that's a good lesson to learn at 9 years old. No matter which allowance route you take in parenthood, kids will feel empowered by being able to handle their own money. \n Answer: A child's allowance shouldn't be tied to chores.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would Susie Walton most probably agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81577e0829be4965a3cd7e34e29f1fe1",
            "input": "Article: China's second manned space flight will be done by two astronauts over five days in 2005. \"Shenzhou-VI will be sent into space sometime in 2005,\" said Zuo Saichun, a spokesperson of the China Aerospace Science and Technology (CAST). \"The spacecraft will make new breakthroughs in China's manned space technology.\" Unlike Shenzhou-V, a little more than a year ago (in October, 2003), the next flight will see two astronauts fly in space for five days. Their capsule   is designed to be capable of orbiting for a whole week, the spokesperson said. \"For the first time, astronauts will enter and live in the orbital module  of the spacecraft to do scientific experiments,\" said a statement from CAST. CAST did not say what those experiments will be. In Shenzhou-VI, scientists have changed the spacecraft's configuration   to reduce its weight, and tried to improve the performance of on-board equipment. They have also worked to make sure of the energy supply of the spacecraft and further improve its safety. So far, scientists have worked out ways to solve problems on environmental control and life support. Shenzhou-VI will be sent into orbit  atop a Long March  2F rocket.  Meanwhile, a model of the Chang'e-1 satellite is expected to be sent to orbit the moon in two years. The satellite, part of the three-stage programme, would be followed by the landing of an unmanned vehicle on the moon in the second stage by 2010 and collecting samples of lunar soil by 2020 in the final stage, according to Sun Laiyan, director of the China National Space Administration. \n Answer: It is capable of orbiting for two weeks.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about Shenzhou-VI is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b70e6ab8f3c34b3db191989e05ac4631",
            "input": "Article: A 15-year-old American has become the youngest person to climb the highest mountains on each of the seven continents, completing the feat by summiting Antarctica's Mount Vinson over the weekend.     Jordan Romero, who last year at age 13 became the youngest person to climb the world's tallest peak Mt Everest, was descending to base camp on Sunday after reaching the summit of Vinson Massif with a team that included his father and stepmother, according to his team's website. \"We're at the roof of Antarctica,\" a member of Team Jordan said in a webcast from near the 4897-metre peak on a frigid but \"legendary day\".     Romero beat the record previously held by Britain's George Atkinson, who in May completed the seven ascents at the age of 16. The junior mountaineer from Big Bear Lake, California has been hooked on climbing from an early age. When he was just 10, he became the youngest person to climb Mt Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest peak at 5895 meters.     Before his 11th birthday, he had another world record under his belt, summiting Europe's Mt Elbrus, in Russia's Caucasus mountains, in July 2007. Five months later, it was the 6962-metre Mt Aconcagua in Argentina, followed by Alaska's Mt McKinley at 6194 meters. In September 2009 at age 13, he climbed Indonesia's Carstensz Pyramid, at 6194 meters the tallest island peak in the world, breaking another record. Eight months later in May 2010, he climbed Everest, and ever since he and his team had been preparing for his Antarctic expedition.     \"Looking forward to tomorrow, and we'll make you guys proud and promise we'll come back home safe and sound,\" Romero said in a webcast on Saturday, hours before he began the final ascent to Mt Vinson's summit.     The team had intended to reach the top on Christmas Day, but ideal weather and good progress allowed them to summit a day ahead of schedule. \n Answer: Mt. Everest.",
            "output": [
                "Which mountain stands in Asia?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c08c14bb1af84a8bbca715b882096045",
            "input": "Article: We like people who look like us, because they tend to have personalities similar to our own. And, a new study suggests, the longer we are with someone, the more similarities in appearance grow. Researchers set out to study why couples often tend to look like one another. They asked 11 male and 11 female participants to judge the age, attractiveness and personality of 160 real-life married couples. Photographs of husbands and wives were viewed separately, so the participants didn't know who was married to whom. The test participants rated men and women who were actual couples as looking alike and having similar personalities. Also, the longer the couples had been together, the greater the similarities. The researchers guess that the sharing of experiences might affect how couples look. The idea that there is a connection between appearance and personality might seem strange at first, but there could be biological reasons for a link, said study member Tony Little from the University of Liverpool in England. \"The face displays our emotions and over time, emotional expressions may become written in the face,\" Little told Live Science. For example, someone who smiles a lot may develop lines and muscles that are suggestive of someone who is happy. Other studies have shown that partners who are genetically similar to each other tend to have happier marriages. The new study indicates that people have different features when using facial appearance to make decisions about someone's personality, and that the particular cues  focused on change from face to face. Vital to the decision, however, are eyes and smiles. \"Smiles are important social cues that may tell us whether or not someone is friendly, and eyes are also a traditional focus of attention,\" Little said. Overall face shape can be important too. For example, the combination of large chins and strong brow ridges can create an impression of disagreeableness and being unwilling to cooperate, Little said. \n Answer: Because we often marry those who look like us.",
            "output": [
                "Why do we like those who look like us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b70648dd310e483c848d2e0ebc2369e6",
            "input": "Article: I know what you're thinking : pizza  ? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night's _ in the a. m. if you want to. I know lots of women who skip breakfast   , and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it . Some say they don't have time, others think they're \"saving\" calories  , still others just don't like breakfast food . But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you're trying to lose weight. \"Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all,\" says Katherine Brooking , R , D , who developed the super-easy eating plan for this year's \"SELF CHALLENGE\". And even pizza can be healthy if it's loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece. Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal. So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last night's leftovers-it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, \"You can always eat it tomorrow,\" I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it...you may save yourself some pre-bedtime calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects. \n Answer: Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b76a8f18e2b741e3990df50f5393f1d0",
            "input": "Article: Contrary to most people' s idea, the air in Coastal cities can be far from fresh and healthful, said a report recently published. University of California Professor Mark Thiemens led the research team. His team. report blames ships that release dirty smoke by burning low-cost, high-sulfur  fuel. They directly measured smoke released from a ship. They also tested air at the end of the Scripps Pier  .The area is just north of San Diego, which is both a major city and port. The Scripps Pier is also close to waters with heavy shipping traffic and the city of Los Angeles. Los Angeles has the third largest port in the world. Primary sulfate  is produced when a ship burns fuel called bunker oil. Bunker oil contains a Large amount of sulfur. Most sulfur released by ships burning bunker oil is a gaseous pollutant--sulfur dioxide. After a time, sulfur dioxide becomes sulfate in the atmosphere. The researchers say this primary sulfate may be  only a small part of what ships produce. Professor Thiemens said no one had really expected that ships would be responsible for so many , particulates  .He said the extremely small particles ( )are especially threatening. They measure only one and one half microns in size., A micron is one millionth of a meter. The researchers say the particulates can travel long distances because they stay in the atmosphere longer than other pollutants. Professor Thiemens noted that the air of Los Angeles influenced air quality in San Die -go. That distance is almost 180 kilometers.   , Primary sulfur particulates can also threaten human health. When people breathe, the particulates stay in their lungs. Other scientists have said that up to 60,000 people around the world die each year from dirty ship smoke. Other gaseous pollutants from ships include nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide. Earlier this year, a United Nations' report said gases from ships produce more than one billion tons of carbon dioxide every year. Ships are not governed under the Kyoto Protocol, the agreement that establishes limits for gases linked to climate change. But international rules requiring ship fuels that burn cleanly are to become effective in 2015. \n Answer: The air quality in coastal cities is worrying.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-453cd0aaf18d45a5999afd998b0ae460",
            "input": "Article: Friendlies abandoned as name for mascots  The name \"Friendlies\" has been abandoned as the organization committee for the 2008 Beijing Olympics silently changed the English name of the Games' five mascot dolls last week. The organization committee decided to adopt the name \"Fuwa\", which is a pinyin translation of its Chinese name and is more frequently used in prefix = st1 /China. However, the organization committee replaced all Friendlies to Fuwa on its official site, but without giving a formal announcement to inform the public of the change. It is said that they received an inside notice about the change last week but don't want to emphasize it for fear of affecting the sales of Olympic goods.   Li Yanjun, a Legal Affairs Department official, said the decision was made considering a variety of reasons but did not want to comment on them. \"You may know about the background and many unfavorable comments concerning the mascots' former name across the web, but I won't comment on them,\" Li said. \"I'm not in the position to make it clear if the change was caused by this.\"  A report published last week on China Radio International (CRI)made the name change known and listed the reasons why the Friendlies name should be changed. \"Firstly, Friendly is somewhat an unclear name, which could refer both to friendly people and friendly matches,\"a Dr. Li from LanzhouUniversitywas quoted as saying on the site. \"Secondly, the term Friendlies has a similar pronunciation to 'friendless' and thirdly, the spelling of Friendlies could be split as 'friend lies'.\" Laura Fitch, a Canadian who works in Chinaas news editor, welcomed the change, saying the name Friendlies sounds a \"a little bit childish\" and \"doesn't really have a meaning.\" \n Answer: Because all the people will criticize them for changing its name.",
            "output": [
                "why did the organization committee change the name \"Friendlies\" into \"Fuwa\" without giving  a formal announcement?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e1e06638e44d46a79144c01526777bd6",
            "input": "Article: The 16 operations W.Mitchell received after the motorcycle accident burned more than 65% of his body at age 46 left him unable to pick up a fork,dial a telephone or go to the bathroom without help.But Mitchell never believed he was defeated.\"I am in charge of my own spaoeship,\" he said.\"It's my up,my down.I could choose to see this situation as a setback or afstarting point.\" Mitchell bought himself a home in Colorado,a plane and a bar.Later he teamed upwith two friends and co-founded a wood burning stove company that grew to be the second largest private employer in his state.Six months later he was piloting the plane.Then four years after the motorcycle accident,the plane Mitchell was piloting crashed back onto the runway during takeoff, permanently paralyzing(...)him from the waist down. Still determined,Mitchell worked day and night to regain as much independence as possible.He was elected Mayor of Crested Butte,Colorado, to save the town from mineral mining that would ruin its beauty and environment. Despite his shocking looks and physical challenges, Mitchell began white water rafting ,fell in love and married, earned a master's degree in public administration and continued flying,environmental activism and public speaking. Mitchell's unshakable positive mental attitude has earned him appearances on the \"Today Show''and \"Good Moming America\" as well as feature articles in Parade, Time, The New York Times and other publications. Mitchell has done all these things and more afar two horrible accidents left his face beyond recognition,his hands flngerless and his legs thin:and motionless in a wheelchair.Then what can't we healthy guys achieve? \n Answer: He learned to pilot a plane.",
            "output": [
                "What did Mirehell do after his first accident?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b52145944a8f4896b5b32237162f3464",
            "input": "Article: As we all know,it was Thomas Jefferson who wrote the Declaration of Independence  .He wrote it in two weeks,and after a few changes,it was accepted by the Congress.As a result,he became famous in America's history. Born in Virginia,Thomas Jefferson,a brilliant student at school and almost talented lawyer later,was much interested in politics. Jefferson was elected Governor of Virginia in 1779,and he was sent to France as the Representative of the American Government in 1784.Sixteen years later,at the age of 57,he was elected president after Washington and Adams. Far from a handsome man,he was is tall with long arms and big hands.Jefferson,who was an amusing talker in conversation,but a poor speaker,was generally good-natured. Jefferson was regarded as a defender of freedom Of America.As a president,he protected the right of speech.Interestingly enough,in his eight years as president,:Jefferson never said \"No\" to a bill !which the Congress had passed.He did a lot in organizing the new University of Virginia. Thomas Jefferson died on July the fourth,1826,the fiftieth anniversary of America's independence. \n Answer: Thomas Jefferson",
            "output": [
                "Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-252d3bdd886f4052af89f9f325952879",
            "input": "Article: Whether you admit or not, music is rooted in our daily life, weaving its beauty and emotion through our thoughts, activities and memories. So if you're interested in music theory, music appreciation, Beethoven, Mozart, artists and performers, we hope you'll spend some time here and learn from those music articles of note for all ages and tastes. When I first started studying the history of music, I did not realize what I was getting into. I had thought that music history was somewhat of an unimportant pursuit . In fact, I only took my history of classical music class because I needed the credits . I did not realize how really attractive music history was. You see, in our culture many of us do not really learn to understand music. When I began to learn about the history of Western music, however, it changed all that for me. When most of us think about the history of music, we think of the history of rock music, we _ that the history is simple because the music is simple. In fact, neither is the case, The history of music, whether you're talking about classical music, rock music, jazz music, or any other kind, is never simple. Even when the class was over, I would not stop learning about the history of music. It had attracted my interest, and I wanted more. \n Answer: To advise readers to learn about music.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's purpose in writing the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-56ce6d21d00041a491964602140df8a5",
            "input": "Article: Boy Scout is sending 69 boxes of clothes to prefix = st1 /Afghanistan, in a project inspired by his father's employment to the war-torn region. Nick Shawen decided to begin a clothing drive after receiving e-mails from his father. His mother said they learned of children coming into the hospital and losing their belongings.\"They had to cut the clothes off because, you know, they were completely damaged,\" she said.  When her 16-year-old son decided to start a collection, it quickly became a family affair. Even Nick's 4-year-old sister wanted to give her help. \"I'm going to Afghanistanbecause there are kids who need help there,\" Maren Shawen said. The Shawens started asking people at their school, church and community to send them clothes. \"I've collected 69 boxes of clothes and toys to send down there,\" Nick said. \"I'd never imagined I'd end up doing something like this.\" The boxes will be shipped from Gaithersburg to Afghanistan, where Nick's dad, Major Scott Shawen, is stationed as an army doctor. He was sent to thedesertofAfghanistanto treat soldiers but spent much of his tour helping civilians. \"Being able to have my son's Eagle project help out with what I'm doing makes me very happy,\" Scott Shawn said. The Shawens have sent 300 pairs of shoes, 1,000 shirts, 25 soccer balls and medicine to Afghanistan. One recipient said he accepted items for his son and was very happy. \"We tend to have extra of almost everything,\" Nick Shawen said. \"But in a lot of places, people don't have enough and I think it's kind of important that people give up a little bit and try to help people who need it more than they do.\" \n Answer: To help the suffering people there.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Scott Shawen sent to the desertofAfghanistan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-201a2a2c90674011a03005c5acacc7e5",
            "input": "Article: SHANGHAI--The Shanghai World Financial Centre will be the tallest land-mark in the world after its completion this century in Pudong, according to the project's Japanese investors. The building will be located in the prime Lujiazui Zone in Pudong , on a 30,000-square-metre site. The building was originally designed to be a 94-floor office tower with a height of 460 metres. The project broke ground in 1997 but was later halted as a result of the financial crisis in Southeast Asia. \"As the economy warms up, we are more confident about Shanghai and the whole prefix = st1 /Chinaand we are working hard to get the Project restarted as soon as possible,\" said Katsuyuki Takeuchi, vice-president and general manager of the  Shanghai World Financial Centre Company. Its parent company, Japan-based Moil Building Co. Ltd, established the Shanghaisubsidiary as the operator responsible for this ambitious project. The design, which is undergoing revision in apian, will accommodate international  high-tech  businesses, department stores, art galleries, clubs and a five-star hotel. Unlike the gloomy economies of theUnited States, Europe andJapan,Chinaenjoys a strong growth with brighter prospects, Takeuchi said. More capital and businesses are expected to flow into Shanghai, which aims to become a world centre for trade and the financial industry--with Lujiazui as its showpiece. The layout of Luijiazui includes three tall buildings, one of which is the completed JinmaoTower, each rising above 400 metres, as designed by local government after holding an international design competition early last decade. Other buildings nearby fall in height gradually, creating a special shape against the skyline. The Shanghai World Financial Centre will be built as the peak of the mountain. \"The peak will be safe thanks to the perfect design, advanced technology and the stable social and political environment in Shanghai,\" Takeuchi said, reassuring those who might be anxious about the safety of the soon-to-be world's tallest building. \n Answer: Because the builders in Shanghaicould be sure of the quality of the building.",
            "output": [
                "Why is the ShanghaiWorldFinancialCenterto be built?  :"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3711d7afff1648309038edd0ea1aa71f",
            "input": "Article: Do you have imagination? Do you like to solve problems? Can you? If so, you could be the next great inventor. \"But I'm just a kid\",you might be! Don't worry about a little thing like age. For example, one famous inventor-- Benjamin Franklin--got his start when he was only 12. At that young age, he created paddles for his hands to help him swim faster. Finally his creation led to what we know is called flippers! So you don't have to be adult to be an inventor. One thing you do need, though, is something that kids have plenty of: curiosity and imagination. Kids are known for looking at things in new and unique ways. So what should you do if you have what is a great idea for an invention? Talk to a friend or family member about it. Get input from others about your idea. Then ask them to help you create a working model--called a prototype of your idea. Once you have a prototype, you can test it. Sometimes your idea turns out to be not as great as you thought. At other times, though, you realize it is a good idea and your prototype can help you figure out how to make it even better. If your idea is really a good one, an adult can help you contact companies that might be interested in it. You will also want an adult's help to get a patent for your idea, so that it is protected and can't be stolen by someone else. If you need some inspiration, consider these kids and their inventions: Jeanie Low invented the Kiddie Stool when she was just 11. It's a folding stool that fits under the kitchen sink. Kids can unfold it and use it to reach the sink all by themselves. At the age of 15, Louis Braille invented the system named after him that allows the blind to read. Chelsea Lanmon received a patent when she was just 8 for the \"pocket diaper \",a new type of diaper that includes a pocket for holding baby wipes and powder. \n Answer: are too young to achieve anything",
            "output": [
                "By saying \"But I?m just a kid\",you probably mean you."
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fb05f7e897e54a26a040577dd1e03c72",
            "input": "Article: An international panel of experts will re-examine all data gathered in the nearly two-month hunt for the missing Malaysia jet to ensure search crews have been looking in the right place, officials said Monday. Senior officials from Malaysia, Australia and China met in the Australian capital to  _ the details of the next steps in the search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, which will center around an expanded patch of seafloor in a remote area of the Indian Ocean off Western Australia.The area became the focus of the hunt after a team of analysts calculated the plane's most likely flight path based on satellite and radar data.Starting Wednesday, that data will be re-analyzed and combined with all information gathered thus far in the search, which hasn't turned up a single piece of debris   despite crews searching more than 4.6 million square kilometers of ocean. \"We've got to this stage of the process where it's very sensible to go back and have a look at all of the data that has been gathered, all of the analysis that has been done and make sure there's no flaws in it, the assumptions are right, the analysis is right and conclusions are right,\" Angus Houston, head of the search operation, told reporters in Canberra. Investigators have been confused by a lack of hard data since the plane vanished  on March 8 during a flight from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing.A weeks' long search for surface debris was called off last week after officials determined any debris that may have been floating has likely sunk. \"Unfortunately, all of that effort has found nothing,\" Australian Transport Minister Warren Truss said.\"We've been confident on the basis of the information provided that the search area was the right one, but in practice, that confidence has not been converted into discovering any trace of the aircraft.\"   Houston has warned the underwater search is likely to drag on for up to a year. \n Answer: To check whether the searching is in right place.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the re-examination of all data by the experts?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9dbe6474cc24472d938bc5e1e1389ada",
            "input": "Article: Compared to high heels , they don't look dangerous, but flip-flop wearers should think twice before slipping on a pair. The National Health Service spends PS40 million a year treating injuries caused by wearing the casual footwear. More than 200,000 people end up in hospital every year after suffering falls or developing long-term problems.   Once worn only at the beach, flip-flops have become the regular summer footwear of choice for women, with two in five women owning at least one pair. But experts are warning the public of the dangers of wearing flip-flops, such as the risk of joint pains. They say flip-flops force people to change the way they walk so that when taking a walk with long steps they put pressure on the outside of their foot, rather than their heel, causing long-term damage. And there is also the risk of serious injury. Frequent complaints include twisted ankles, but some have broken their arms or wrists after falling because their flip-flops caught on uneven ground. Many also suffer aching toes as they constantly wear them. Mike, a spokesman, warned wearers of the damage done by flip-flops. He said, \"They land on the outside and then roll the foot inwards putting all the pressure on the big toe.\" This constant rolling puts pressure on the ankle joint, causing it to weaken. The lack of support of the flip-flop also causes pain on the inside of the foot and lower leg. And if you're not used to wearing them, they can cause blisters  , he added. Doctors say flip-flops cause far more damage as they are worn for longer periods of time. Emma Supple, consultant podiatrist   , said, \"Flip-flops are universally popular. They are easy to put on and easy to wear but women do need to be mindful that wearing on hard flat surfaces can cause considerable foot and leg problems.\" She encouraged women to wear suitable shoes to help recover from summertime injuries. \n Answer: The dangers caused by wearing flip-flops.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dc3bf58b66c84ce092874dc97592cc99",
            "input": "Article: The human brain weighs about 1.4 kilograms, but it can, hold much more information than most computers. However, there is another difference between humans and computers. Computers don't forget information they are given, but humans often do. No one remembers everything, and luckily we don't usually have to. But everyone can improve their memory if they want to. Here are some suggestions. * Try to use new information immediately. For example, if you meet someone who says \"Hi! I'm Carlos,\" don't just say \"Hello.\" Repeat the person's name. Say\" _ \" * Break a big number into smaller parts. For example, it's hard to memorize 109244153. But if you break it into three parts--109/244/153--it becomes easier. *Write out what you need to remember over and over again. This will help you keep it in mind longer, especially for memorizing formulas or facts. *Always review information. If you bring what you've learned back to your mind, they become easier to remember. For example, before you go to sleep, it's a good idea to review the new things you learned that clay. * Discuss with a friend. It is always easier to remember things through discussions. You can have a discussion about what's right and what's wrong, and it will lead to the right answer. *Never tell yourself that you have a bad memory. You can always do something to help improve your memory. And everyone's memory gets better if they use it often enough. All of the suggestions are helpful. If you follow them, you are certain to improve your memory. \n Answer: To break it into stunner parts.",
            "output": [
                "What can help memorize a big number more easily according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-305aea0f68714af4887bf1d94098a5f5",
            "input": "Article: Bright, Spacious Room Spacious, single furnished room in owner- occupied home is available now, for one and a half years. Ground floor flat. Five-minute walk to the town center and local bus services. Well-equipped shared kitchen, including washing machine. Shared shower& toilet. Large rooms, with high ceilings, a warm and pleasant home. Responsible for own food & cooking, washing, telephone, insurance, etc. No smoking or pets. Not suitable for children. WiFi  available locally. Call Jenna on 85756624 if you are interested. One Bedroom Newly Refurbished   Flat in Burnage A fantastic one-bedroom flat in the heart of Burnage is available for however long you want. The property has just been refurbished to a high standard. Situated above the pharmacy  on Burnage Lane the property boasts a kitchen, large lounge, separate shower and toilet, and bedroom with in- built wardrobes. A must-see! Call Daniel on 70554323 at the weekend. Two Bedrooms Left in Four-bed House Share A great four- bedroom property in the heart of Fallowfield. Two Bedrooms left in a mixed student house. The property has a dining area, toilet, lounge and one bedroom on the ground floor, followed by three bedrooms on the first floor with an extra toilet. Very close to the main bus stop & local amenities  : supermarket, Lloyds pharmacy and local launderette. Two minutes' walking distance to the centre of Fallowfield. The property is available from the 1 of July 2012 to 30 June 2013. Half rent for July/ Aug. We are a private landlord; so there are no agency fees! Jack welcomes you to call. Phone:22604322. Board and Lodgings Close to Boston, Lincolnshire We have a double room available on a board and lodgings basis from 1 of June, 2012 to 1 of May, 2013. Within a comfortable, peaceful farmhouse, set in lovely gardens and beautiful countryside. Share a bathroom with one other person only. Room has own TV with Freeview and access to wireless broadband,. Use of the garden and rest of the house. On the bus route to Boston and Horncastle. Free car parking space. All meals, bills, etc. included. Can cater for a variety of special dietary needs if required, Please call Alice at the weekend or after 7p.m. On workdays. Phone:42556755. \n Answer: Access to the Internet is not convenient.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about the first advertisement?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-043d0e4a7f72471190689d439ad4b256",
            "input": "Article: Eleven-year-olds are to learn Shakespeare using the approaches taken by actors, and English teachers will be encouraged to let pupils walk around the classroom rather than read the plays while pupils are sitting at their desks. Within the English curriculum  you tend to look at a play text as a piece of literature rather than performance. But you can't possibly understand Shakespeare's language if you're just reading it in your head. Shakespeare is difficult; it's not a 21stcentury text. You have to use different ways to understand it. The new teaching way focuses on how actors come to understand Shakespeare's language. In fact actors have the same nervousness about Shakespeare's language as young people in schools do. But in six to eight weeks they get to a place of complete confidence about the play. Pupils can do as well. Exercises devised are to let children aged 11 to 14 imitate the methods of professional actors. Written and oral assessments developed alongside the lessons will show how well students have understood the texts. In one task pupils will work on creating four key physical figures of king, warrior , lover and joker, finding which lines of their chosen character go with those features first and then acting them out. Through this they can examine how a character such as Macbeth can switch dramatically within one scene from soldier to kingly figure to trick planner. It's really creative but you're still getting a really wonderful model of understanding. _  Educators think Shakespeare should be a central part of every young person's education. Developing a love of Shakespeare at a young age often leads to a lifelong passion for literature and helps to improve a child's reading and writing. \n Answer: Acting them out.",
            "output": [
                "How will young people learn Shakespeare?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6780dfada2de4684b1347b05e2992f02",
            "input": "Article: It is well known that the United States' population come from all over the world. The immigrants  can learn the language, English, to keep this country united, but it is unnecessary to change their culture for an American way of life. I believe that recent immigrants should learn English in order to live in the country. They should learn the \"public language\". If they don't learn English, they won't be able to communicate and do what they want. For example, my mother's friend came to the United States from Ecuador three years ago. She doesn't speak English. One day, her daughter, Anita, couldn't breathe. Anita didn't know what was going on, but she told her mother to call an ambulance. When her mother called the hospital, she couldn't communicate. The operator couldn't understand what Anita's mother was saying. Fortunately, her mother's sister arrived and called the ambulance. The doctor told her sister that if she hadn't arrived at the hospital on time, Anita could have died. A pill had gotten stuck in her throat. Immigrants should learn English to speak with the public, but they can also keep their language at home. The children of immigrants should learn how to speak their parents' language. It is very important to communicate with our relatives and family. If we learn English only and forget our private \"language\", we won't be able to communicate with our parents. For example, Florence, my co-worker, speaks English only. Her mother didn't teach her Spanish (her mother's mother language). Now, Florence can't communicate with her grandparents or other relatives in Puerto Rico. She has lost her mother's mother language, tradition and culture. Immigrants have the freedom to keep their culture and values. Immigrants should know where they come from and what their family's culture is. In this way, they can transmit it to future generations. In conclusion, immigrants should learn English in order to communicate with the public and to keep the country united, but they shouldn't give up their own culture. \n Answer: Anita's aunt.",
            "output": [
                "Who played the most important part in calling an ambulance fro Anita?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7b8f9ecf896d4c28b20b25c29b540d46",
            "input": "Article: Fear plays no part in this latest problem.\"I'm not afraid I'll lose my children.I won't lose my children. We live together, and nothing, nothing,\" she repeats, her voice rising when speaking to John's lawyer, \"will stop me from being with my children. A law? Yeah, right. Don't disturb me when it comes to my children. You are never going to win. If John wants to see them, I cannot stop him. He's their father--I want them to see him! However, his visit in his present condition will disturb the children's stable   life.\" John, who has spent much of his time in California, recently, has only hired a house for himself in Pennsylvania, according to his lawyer. \"If he'd like to stick to a regular life, I'd be more than happy to do that,\" Jane says. \"The best thing for any child of a divorced   parent is a stable life. I want nothing more than for him to set up a stable life for himself, so that he can be part of making our children's lives more stable. \" While matters of money and care won't be settled for weeks, Jane hardly puts her life on hold. Last week the ABC network announced that Jane would return with her own show, Twist of Jane, in which she gives advice to other moms.Jane and her eight children will also return to ABC in a series of Jane Plus 8 specials showing them on various adventures.It's a rest for Jane, who insists that she needs her new,busy life to provide for her family.\"I have to lead such a life, and I'm thankful that I've built it to the top where now I can support my children.\"she says. And whether a bellicose dance judge or a bellicose former wife, Jane plans to keep on facing attacks on her. \"Some people try to knock me down--only to make me more fierce,more protective,more determined to do better,\"she says.\"Go ahead, take me on. This will just make me stronger.\" \n Answer: Independent",
            "output": [
                "Which word can best describe Jane?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-566d6ca59fcb453982d7aa3b726a1edf",
            "input": "Article: How to prepare for exams? Well, it is a big question that you always ask yourself. There is no short cut to success, which is the first thing you should remember. For this reason you have to study hard first of all. Besides, here are some tips for you. Never fear or hate exams and be confident. Some students study well but still may be afraid of exams and due to this reason they won't be able to get good marks. So leave all your fears behind and free your mind before starting your studies. You have to be confident and it is the most important thing for attaining victory. Prepare a good timetable. Prepare a timetable before starting your studies. This should include all subjects, but tough subjects can be given more time while easier ones less. And remember some time shall be spared for entertainment and also there should be enough break time between each subject. Select a proper atmosphere for studying. No need to explain this point. Can anyone study well while watching TV? So select a place where you feel comfortable and can concentrate. And importantly it is better to study early in the morning when you will have quiet surroundings and you can concentrate more. Make notes while studying. This is a very important point. Make small notes while studying can help you remember all the points. It will work better if you use these notes for revision in the last one or two hours than you skip through pages of your textbook. It won't take much time to go through these notes. Write well. As we all know, the first impression is the best impression. So your handwriting affects your marks. Try to write neatly. If it is not good enough, don't worry; if you present it in a good manner you can score more marks. \n Answer: No pains, no gains.",
            "output": [
                "Which proverb can show the writer's attitude towards our studies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-12b4e09217764cfc80988c2bee692daf",
            "input": "Article: The winter Vacation is just around the corner.With such along holiday to spend,have you decided where to get yourself relaxed from the great pressure of school study? Our company specializes in civil tours.we take pride in offering you the best services and in providing you with a vacation that will be fondly remembered.The following places can be your unforgettable destinations in our country. A.The Australian Museum The Australian Museum has an international reputation in the fields of natural history and indigenous studies research and exhibitions.The museum was established in 1827 and is Australia's first museum of natural science and cultural artifacts. B.Sydney Olympic Park Home of the Best Games Ever and 2003 Rugby World,Sydney Olympic Park is a gold medal attraction and continues to serve as a major sport and social venue. Apart from its ultra-modern sport venues,Sydney Olympic Park is set in extensive parklands. Bicentennial Park,one of Sydney's most popular recreational areas,is cris-crossed with walking and bicycle tracks C.Art Gallery of New South Wales   Located within a short walking distance from Sydney's CBD,the Art Gallery of New South Wales is one of Australia's foremost art museums housing some of the finest works of art in the country. The Gallery has a rich and diverse collection including key works of the Heidelberg School and favorite modern Australian artists including Brett Whiteley and Margaret Preston,as well as permanent Australian,European,Asian,contemporary and photographic galleries. D.Koalas Park Sanctuary. Koalas are on show every day.Shows are at 10:20 AM,11:20 A.M,2:00 RM,3:00 P.M.where you can cuddle,feed,pat and have your photo taken with the Koalas. See free roaming Koalas as well,10 acres of rainforest.Walk in and pat our kangaroos. \n Answer: Around 190 years.",
            "output": [
                "How long has the Australian Museum been built?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ebbbdd3b665945068733aab31934f41b",
            "input": "Article: As computers become more popular in China, Chinese people are increasingly relying on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters. But if they use the computer too much, they may end up forgetting the exact strokes of each Chinese character when writing on paper. Experts suggest people, especially students, write by hand more. Do you write by hand more or type more? In Beijing, students start using a computer as early as primary school. And computer dependence is more wide-spread among university students. Almost all their assignments and essays are typed on a computer. All the students interviewed say they usually use a computer. It's faster and easier to correct if using a computer. And that's why computers are being applied more and more often to modern education. But when people are _ computers increasingly, problems appear. \"When I'm writing with a pen, I find I often can't remember how to write a character, though I feel I'm familiar with it.\" \"I'm not in the mood to write when faced with a pen and paper.\" Many students don't feel this is something to worry about. Now that it's more convenient and efficient to write on a computer, why bother to handwrite? Many educators think differently. Shi Liwei, the headmaster of a famous primary school in the capital said, \"Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic   value. But those characters typed with computer keyboards only maintain their practical value. All the artistic beauty of the characters is lost. And handwriting contains the writer's emotion. Through one's handwriting, people can get to know one's thinking and personality. Beautiful writing will give people a better first impression of them.\" To encourage students to handwrite more, many primary schools in Beijing have made writing classes compulsory   and in universities, some professors are asking students to turn in their homework and essays written by hand. \n Answer: To Type or To Hand Write",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-232cece86e8240cdad3d8dd9393205d0",
            "input": "Article: WASHINGTON-School lunches have been called many things, but a group of retired military officers is giving them a new label: national security threat. That's not a reference to the mystery meat served up in the cafeteria line either. The retired officers are saying that school lunches have helped make the nation's young people so fat that fewer of them can meet the military's physical fitness standards, and recruitment will be difficult. A new report being released Tuesday says more than 9 million young adults, or 27 percent of all Americans ages 17 to 24, are too overweight to join the military. Now, the officers are advocating for passage of a wideranging nutrition bill that aims to make the nation's school lunches healthier. The military group acknowledges that other things keep young adults out of the armed services, such as a criminal record or the lack of a high school diploma. But weight problems that have worsened over the past 15 years are now the leading medical reason that recruits are rejected. Although all branches of the military now meet or exceed recruitment goals, retired Navy Rear Adm. James Barnett Jr., a member of the officers group, says the _ trend could affect that. \"When over a quarter of young adults are too fat to fight, we need to take notice,\" Barnett said. He noted that national security in the year 2030 is \"absolutely dependent\" on reversing child obesity rates. This isn't the first time the military has gotten involved in the debate over school lunches. During World War II, military leaders had the opposite problem, reporting that many recruits were rejected because of stunted growth and inadequate nutrition. After the war, military leaders pushed Congress to establish the national school lunch program so children would grow up healthier. Today, the group is urging Congress to eliminate junk food and highcalorie beverages from schools, put more money into the school lunch program and develop new strategies that help children develop healthier habits. \n Answer: There is inadequate nutrition in the lunches.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main problem of the lunches in schools according to the military officers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2a333d3ac72480ea0e72346cdacfec4",
            "input": "Article: While many people agree that The Sound of Music is one of the best films of all time, some are at a loss  to explain why. Well, I'll tell you why it's one of the best movies ever. The Sound of Music simply has everything one could want in a movie. First of all, it has a real romance--one where you can watch the _ slowly fall in love. Secondly, it has humor, clever and sarcastic  humor. When Schraeder said, \" Bye, Maria, I'm sure you'll make a fine nun .\" You just want to slap  her across the face after hearing that. Thirdly, it's got adventure. The Nazis are the worst \"bad guys\" in any movie, so it's great to see Maria, the Captain and the kids outwit  them. Fourthly, it's got great music. The songs of the film are popular all over the world. Fifthly, it's got great scenery. The plot  and dialogue are also amazing. I find new things to admire each time I watch. Finally, is there a greater scene in any movie than the nuns showing the stolen Nazi car parts? In short, the film doesn't just succeed because it cheers people up with a beautiful love story or songs. It also succeeds because it's a wonderfully-constructed, wonderfully-written, and wonderfully-acted movie. \n Answer: To advise people to watch The Sound of Music",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8dd900662e394b05a4f90174bd430033",
            "input": "Article: New York's streets were covered by people dressed in elephant costumes   and others waving antiwar posters with pictures of US President George W. Bush on them last week. But this was no carnival   - it was the Republican Party's National Convention  , which attracted thousands of protestors  . It was the largest protest ever at a US political convention, with at least 120,000 people marching through Manhattan on August 29. They demanded that the US leave Iraq and a new president be chosen. The Republicans say the opposition - Democrat Party   encouraged the people on to the streets. They believe it is a democratic move to help win presidential election, to be held on November 2. The election is described as \"the decisive battle between donkey and elephant\". The two animals are the symbols of the two major political parties in the US. The elephant represents   the Republicans, whose candidate  , President George W. Bush, is trying to defeat the donkey to win his second them. The donkey represents the democrats, whose candidate, John Kerry, is trying to kick the elephant out of the White House. Republicans think the elephant is powerful and clever, but the Democrats argue it is stupid and conservative  . In return, the Republicans regard the donkey as stubborn   and silly but the Democrats say it is humble, plain, smart and courageous. The Republicans have been sending emails to Bush supporters and journalists with the heading, \"An Elephant Never Forgets\", said party spokeswoman Heather Layman. Elephants are known for their long memories. The emails suggest that Bush will keep his promises, while Kerry will not stick to his words. It is interesting that both symbols were created by a single person, Thomas Nast, a famous political cartoonist of the late 19th century. During the election in 1874, Nast drew a cartoon, in which a donkey in a lion's skin frightened an elephant marked \"Republican\". \n Answer: Drive President Bush out of power.",
            "output": [
                "What does \"kick the elephant out of the White House\" mean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b4ec332c63cd4da8bd96d0c58df6e648",
            "input": "Article: I sat at my seat waiting for the school paper to be passed around. I waited anxiously, knowing that once I received it I would know how good a writer I really am. When the paper arrived at my classroom, I nearly knocked down five of my classmates to get to the first paper. With a school paper in my hands, I returned to my seat. About a month earlier, I had handed in one of, what I believed to be, my best stories. I named it Symbol of Success. The head of the English Department at my school, Professor Cullen had said that she would include some reviews of students' stories in the latest school paper. Professor Cullen was known for her rough criticism. Impressing her was very hard but I wanted to be the first to do so. I sat at the edge of my seat as I read through the other story reviews. There wasn't one story that got more than three stars .I became calm and wasn't anxious to know my review. It was long after that I heard someone shout out \"Five stars?! Seriously !\" from behind me. I turned around and saw the shocked expression of Gene's face, \"Peter, your story got five stars!\" I couldn't believe what I was hearing. I turned my attention back to my story and saw the five stars at the end of the review that I had not read yet. I looked through the review written by Professor Cullen. She wrote that I had a gift for story writing. I was proud that I achieved what I thought was impossible .For so long I believed I wasn't as good as I thought I was and that my talent was not enough to cover up my lack of wring skills .But this review proved that I was truly a good writer and that there was a future ahead of me in the field of fiction writing. The review and the five stars meant the world of me. Those five stars became the symbol of my success. \n Answer: He rushed ahead to get the first one by himself.",
            "output": [
                "How did the writer get the school paper?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7166c3b8576e4a65ae493e6d83977303",
            "input": "Article: Why does the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy lean? It leans because of a mistake. It has leaned almost since the day the tower was built. In 1173, the people of Pisa, Italy, wanted to build a bell tower. They wanted the tower to be the most beautiful bell tower in all of Italy. The city also needed a bell tower because the church did not have one. However, there was a problem. As soon as the first floor of the building was finished, the tower started to lean. Builders tried to make the building straight again as they added more floors, but they couldn't figure out how to make it stop leaning. It took almost 180 years to finish the tower. Since then, the tower has leaned by another millimeter every year. Today, the Leaning Tower has eight floors and is 54.5 meters tall. By 1990, it was leaning by about 4 meters to one side. It was also slowly sinking into the ground. Many people became worried that it would soon fall apart. In 1998, repair works began on the tower, and by the end of 2001, it had been moved back by 45 centimeters. The tower will still lean, however, so it will need to be repaired again---in another 200 years. \n Answer: They wanted to build a leaning tower.",
            "output": [
                "why did the people of  Pisa want to build the tower?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-16e017a515b844baaee75fa22a4a0546",
            "input": "Article: The Christmas season is often considered the season of giving. Many of us spend a lot of effort and money in an attempt to give our friends and loved ones the best possible gift. But what is the best gift you could possibly give? Imagine that your bank gave you an account with $86,400 every morning of every day. You could use this amount of money for anything you want. But at the end of every day, the bank tells you that money in the account can only be used within that day. How would you choose to spend this money? This is the attitude we should take towards the time. Time can never get back. It is the only resource that no one can get more than another person. Around the holiday season, we find ourselves very busy. It is a point in the year where how you spend your time is crucial. Spending this valuable time to help another human being in need is one of the greatest gifts we can give. We never know when even giving a short amount of time to help or listen to a stranger, could make the rest of their day much more pleasant. However, the saying that money is time is one of the truest statements ever made. By the act of donating money to a non profit organization which helps -- for example, you are allowing that single mother to spend more time looking after her children, instead of being forced to spend time looking for a temporary second job. By donating some money, you have helped someone else use their time for a better cause. One organization I personally would encourage you to consider spending your time and/or money would be Eva Initiatives, an organization created for the homeless. I have volunteered there twice. It was a very positive experience, and being able to learn more about who lived there really gave me a perspective on the real struggles of the people around us. \n Answer: Warm-hearted.",
            "output": [
                "What do you think of the author in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c5d4a3cafcc4cc1b6413f28795fbc03",
            "input": "Article: The Barcelonabased architects of the Galactic Suite Space Resort say it will cost $4.4 million for a threenight stay at the hotel. This price also includes an eightweek training course on an island. During their stay, guests would see the sunrise 15 times a day and travel around the world every 80 minutes.    Galactic Suite Ltd's CEO Xavier Claramunt says the project will put his company in a leading position of a new industry with a huge future ahead of it, and forecasts space travel will become common in the future. \"It's very normal to think that your children, possibly within 15 years, could spend a weekend in space\" he told Reuters Television. A promising space tourism industry is beginning to take shape with construction in progress in New Mexico of Spaceport America, the world's first facility built specifically for passengers.  British industrialist Richard Branson's space tours firm, Virgin Galactic, will use the facility to send tourists to space at a cost of $200,000 a ride. Galactic Suite Ltd, set up in 2007, hopes to start its project with a single pod   in orbit 280 miles above the earth. \"It will take a day and a half to reach the pod, and the passengers will join it for three days,\" Claramunt said. More than 200 people have expressed an interest in traveling to the space hotel and at least 43 people have already reserved it. The numbers are similar for Virgin Galactic with 300 people already paid or signed up for the trip, but unlike Branson, Galactic Suite says they will use Russian rockets to transport their guests into space from a spaceport to be built on an island in the Caribbean. But critics have questioned the project, saying the length of time that will be used is unreasonable and also where the money is coming from to support the project. \n Answer: Fully satisfied.",
            "output": [
                "What's Xavier Claramunt's attitude towards the space tourism industry?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9f91946fff9e4b00a6336cbb8cb0b415",
            "input": "Article: J.K. Rowling set children's imaginations on fire. Can the creator of Harry Potter do the same for a grown-up audience? The British author will find out on September 27, when more than 2 million hardcover  copies of her first novel for adults hit bookstores in the UK and the US, along with the digital edition. Set in a little English town, The Casual Vacancy is about an election held after an unexpected death. Michael Pietsch, Rowling's US publisher, says the novel reminded him of Dickens \"because of the humanity, the humor, the social concerns, the intensely real characters\". No magic though, apparently: \"This book isn't Harry Potter\", says Pietsch. \"It is a completely different concern\". As with Harry Potter, there are no advance copies for the media, no early reviews. To date, the seven-book series has sold more than 450 million copies worldwide, and it became one of the most successful movie franchises in July 21, 2007. Back then, fans could buy books at midnight parties hosted by bookstores. But recent years have seen a great challenge for brick-and-mortar  bookstores. People are still buying books, indeed more books than in 2007, according to figures released by the Association of American Publishers. But they are reading them in a new format --the e-book. The Harry Potter series just became available digitally for the first time in April. It will be different for The Casual Vacancy, with the publisher _ releasing an e-book. For Rowling fans who once queued up for Harry Potter, this means that instant satisfaction is now only a click away. Moving from children's books to adult literature is a big transition. Will Rowling's new book be successful? Arthur Levine, the US co-editor of the Harry Potter books, seems confident: \"If you read or re-read the Harry Potter books, you can see that Rowling has all the strengths she needs for great success as a fiction writer -you have great characters, an involving plot, a sense of humor and great empathy\". \n Answer: They both show the author's great talent.",
            "output": [
                "What do the Harry Potter series and The Casual Vacancy have in common?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b3fd1bfb007c42bba040538b11fb6d8c",
            "input": "Article: So there you are on the phone, you ask a question, and suddenly there's silence. What is this, the phone's gone dead, the person you're talking to is dead? Possibly. But there could be another reason -- the other person could be Finnish, or Japanese. According to a handy new booklet from British Telecom (BT) for business people, in countries such as Britain and Italy \"conversation is a form of entertainment. There is a continuous flow of talk...\". But in other countries especially Finland and Japan, \"it is not only impolite to break in, but listeners will think over what has been said in silence\". It also points out that English, when spoken by foreigners, is likely to include plenty of \"false friends\", where word-for-word translation fails. If a Frenchman says something is \"interesting\", he probably means it's profitable.If he \"demands\" something, he's actually just asking. If an American says your proposal is \"quite good\", you  should be pleased, because \"quite\" means \"very\". But if he tells you to \"table\" a proposal, then things are not good  at all. Whereas an English person would understand tabling a proposal as putting an idea forward, to an American it means shelves it. According to the booklet, British people are not \"explicit\" like the Americans, the Dutch, the Germans or the French. \"If a Dutchman says an idea is interesting, he means that it is interesting. If an Englishman says it is interesting, you have to deduce    from the way he says it whether he means it is a good or a bad idea.\" The Japanese, the Russians and the Arabs on the other hand, live in the land of true dioplomatic subtlety .\"If they say an idea is interesting, it may simply be out of politeness\". It is safest to stick with plain speaking whenever possible, BT advises its British readers. And whatever you do, be careful to limit the use of the famous British sense of humor. \n Answer: The Japanese.",
            "output": [
                "When someone says that an idea is interesting, who don't really mean it?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cf2d3036fbad4cd289259d6a31511c90",
            "input": "Article: When Russell Lyons volunteered for the first time, he read \"Goodnight Moon\" to a class of San Diego preschoolers. And it wasn't reading--he'd memorized the book and was reciting it out loud. He was 4. Still, he said it felt good up there, in front of the other kids, lending a hand. He wanted more of that feeling. Thirteen years later, he's getting a lot of it. He's on a five-month road trip across America--not sightseeing, but volunteering. The University City resident has spent time at an animal reserve in Utah, a women's shelter in St. Louis, a soup kitchen in New York, a retirement home in Tucson. This week he's in Los Angeles, at a program that supports disabled youth. \"I just like helping people and feeling that something I do is making a difference,\" he said. He resists the idea that his \"Do Good Adventure\" is all that unusual. It bothers him that the media often describe young people as lazy, self-centered and materialistic. So he sees his trip as a chance to make a statement, too. \"About 55 percent of teens do volunteer work, higher than the rate for adults,\" he said, according to a 2002 study. \"Not everybody knows that.\" Of course, some teens do volunteer work because it looks impressive on their college applications. Lyons said he mentioned his trip on his submissions. But charity work is a habit with him. Even before the crosscountry trip, he was volunteering about 200 hours a year at various places. He's made sandwiches for homeless families in Washington D.C. He's taught math to fifth-graders in Cuernavaca, Mexico. He gets some of that drive from his mother, Leslye Lyons, who has been involved in nonprofits for much of her life. She was there when her son \"read\" to the preschoolers--a memory of hers \"that will never go away.\" \n Answer: Impressive.",
            "output": [
                "What did Russell Lyons think of his first volunteering?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c4b91f5b5174bf29376b1b1343dbdbb",
            "input": "Article: The best family vacation that ever had was going on a road trip to Myrtle Beach. The trip was for 2 weeks during the March break from school. This trip was probably about 20 years ago so it was before the time of things like portable video games and being able to watch movies in the back seat. So to pass the many hours of travel my brother and I had to entertain ourselves and each other. My mum would set the back set up so that it was out own little playroom. She would pack everything up in the feet well so that we had a big level area to play in. We would play cards and board games. When it got to the point that _ we would be sent back to out own side of the seat and would be forced to either nap or read by ourselves until we could be friendly to each other again. I can remember us playing for quite some time when we turned the back seat into a spaceship and travelled around the earth. Another time we turned it into a kitchen and had a bake-off . But the thing that I remember the most and that gave us many hours of enjoyment was using each other's faces as silly Plasticine  and making funny faces. We would see how far we could stretch each other's mouth open, see how thin we could make the other's eye by pulling on it. We would keep going until one of us begged for mercy because we had to give our faces a rest. So while I can remember us having a great time on the beach, laughing a lot trying to put the tent up in the rain, what I remember the most of that trip and what always makes me smile the most is remembering the pain that our faces would be in after the trip. \n Answer: Pack things up to amuse himself.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author do when traveling to Myrtle Beach?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0f81b8260dbb49baa7626262293e4929",
            "input": "Article: As long as I can remember, I've always loved to draw. But my interest in drawing wasn't encouraged very much. Growing up in the 1950s, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, boys were supposed to be athletic. Certain peer pressures encouraged little fingers to learn how to hold footballs rather than crayons. My early love for drawing developed into a love for telling stories through pictures. Stories began as fragments   of pictures in my mind. I created a story by posing questions to myself. I called it the \"what if\" and \"what then\" approach. For example, for my book The Polar Express, I started out by thinking \"What if a boy gets on that train? Where does he go?\" From the time I come up with the idea, write and illustrate the book, and deliver it to the printer, it takes about seven months. First, I begin thinking of the idea. Then I imagine the pictures and the story. A good picture book should have events that are visually _ . I first consider scenes that are exciting to look at and then my challenge is to weave a story around those pictures. The next step is putting the illustrations and story down on paper. When you first look at my illustrations, you see ordinary, everyday things. But if you look closer, things might not seem quite so simple. When I'm writing a book, I always try to create something strange or puzzling in each picture. By using artistic strategies, I can give the drawing a kind of mysterious quality. All of my books are picture books, so they are generally thought of as books for children. But when I make them, I think of the books as being for everybody -- for people of all ages. When I was a kid, I had no idea what I wanted to be when I grew up, but now I'm really glad I became an artist and a storyteller. \n Answer: To show us how he designed his book.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author mention The Polar Express?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9f79cbfdb73a44f79ed6736948bbcd4a",
            "input": "Article: The \"melting pot\" in American cuisine(. ) is a myth, not terribly unlike the idea of a melting pot of American culture, notes chef Dan Barber. \"Most cultures don't think about their cuisine in such monolithic  terms,\" he says. \"French, Mexican, Chinese, and Italian cuisines each consist of dozens of distinct regional foods. And I think 'American' cuisine is moving in the same direction, becoming more localized, not globalized. \" American cuisine is shaped by the natural wealth of the country. Having never faced agricultural hardship, Americans don't have to rely on rotating crops, such as the Japanese, whose food culture now showcases buckwheat   alongside rice, or the Indians, or the French and Italians, who feature beans alongside wheat. \"That kind of negotiation with the land forced people to incorporate  those crops in to the culture,\" says Barber. And so eating soba noodles becomes part of what it means to be Japanese, and eating beans becomes part of what it means to be French. So if what we eat is what we are, what are Americans? Well, meat. \"If Americans have any unifying food identity, I would say we are a mostly white meat culture,\" says Barber. \"The protein-centric dinner plate, whether you're talking about a boneless chicken breast, or a 16-ounce steak, as an everyday expectation is something that America really created, and now exports to the rest of the world.\" Every single culture and religion uses food as part of their celebrations, says Ellen Gustafson, co-founder of the FEED Project and The 30 Project, which aims to deal with both hunger and overweight issues globally. \"The celebratory nature of food is universal. Every season, every harvest, and every holiday has its own food, and this is true in America as well. It helps define us.\" \n Answer: The US' agricultural wealth",
            "output": [
                "What has made American cuisine different from other cuisines according to the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-818042497ef74d21bd66b03b272741c0",
            "input": "Article: BEIJING - The country's top health officials state that an international charity's decisions not to give millions of dollars to Chinese organizations that fight AIDS and other diseases will not bring about the end of those organizations. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria announced on Monday that it will withhold $95 million from the $270 million in grants  it had planned to give China. That decision came as the result of months of discussion between the charity and Chinese officials. On the mainland, a large number of programs meant to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS have received money from the Global Fund. Many observers now fear that the announced cut will undermine those organizations' work. Chen Zhu, the minister of health, said officials have found a way to limit the harm. \"In the coming five years, the Chinese government will constantly increase its financial support of social organizations, particularly those that work to control and prevent HIV/AIDS.\" Chen said while addressing the 6th Experience Exchange Conference of International Cooperation Program on HIV/AIDS in China on Monday. In a recent survey of more than 200 organizations taking part in the fight against HIV/AIDS on the mainland, nearly 80 percent of them said they had received grants from the Global Fund. About 83 percent of them said they will find it difficult to continue operating without financial support from abroad, it said. Official statistics showed the Global Fund has given China $548 million in grants since 2003. Xia Jing, leader of a Beijing-based grassroots organization dedicated to controlling AIDS, said: \"We were like children fostered by foreign milk. As foreign money began to be withdrawn from China, we were faced with serious financial hardships.\" Han Mengjie, executive director of Global Fund China Programs, said the Chinese government has fully recognized the important role social organizations play in controlling diseases. \"The work done and efforts made by such organizations must be sustained for a long time to supplement the government's intervention work,\"he said, \"We have to face the truth that international money for AIDS control will gradually leave China and to prepare ourselves to deal with that.\" \n Answer: Chinese organizations of fighting against AIDS and other diseases will be reduced to despair.",
            "output": [
                "Which sentence is the closest to the title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f372ea0d3dff498d8ba938636a3cd824",
            "input": "Article: \"Benjamin Franklin,\" Walter Isaacson tells us at the beginning of his long (but never boring) new biography, \"is the founding father who winks at us.\" By that, Isaacson explains, he means Franklin is the most human--and most modern--of the men who shaped the American republic. We admire Washington, Jefferson and Adams, but they remain creatures of the 18th century. The man we encounter in \"Benjamin Franklin\"--funny, pragmatic and selfaware -- seems like one of us, or at least someone we'd like to be. Unlike Washington's cherry tree, Franklin's kite was real. His experiments with electricity made him one of the great scientists of his day. He was a middleclass businessman whose success as a printer and a journalist allowed him to retire at 42--and he devoted the rest of his life to his country. He was diplomat who persuaded the French to back the American Revolution and the author of the first great American autobiography. He was an excellent swimmer. There was almost nothing he couldn't do well, except write poetry. But what truly distinguished Franklin was his talent of being great and human at the same time. He owned slaves as a younger man, but in his last years became an abolitionist .When he fathered an illegitimate  son, he acknowledged his fatherhood and took the responsibility of raising the boy. He seems strange today in the joy he took in compiling and creating all  those self- improvement  _ he published in Poor Richard's Almanac  -- \"early to bed, early to rise\" and so on. Generations of lazy boys could have been happier without that. But he was no hypocrite . Isaacson tells us Franklin practiced what he preached, and often laughed at  _ while he did so. By a happy accident, this is the second excellent biography of Franklin to appear in two years, after Edmund S.Morgan's inspiring \"Benjamin Franklin.\" \n Answer: Book review.",
            "output": [
                "What type of literature does this passage belong to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-15e259e7cdb24b39a1f80829d3ad245d",
            "input": "Article: Over thousands of years, human beings have been learning about more and more about this world, and have figured out many ways to avoid risks and make our lives easier. Even in ancient times, we used fire to frighten away animals, built simple boats to cross waters, and armed ourselves with sharpening stones and sticks. Nowadays, with advanced technology and instrument, people know the world better than ever. It's surprising how much people already know about this world and how much we've changed our lives by using the knowledge we have. But if you think we know everything, that's wrong. I guess sometimes we have to accept the limitation on our understanding of the world. No matter how much we're already known about the world, there are things that remain mysterious. I learned this from my pregnancy   which ended in the 6th month, due to a placental abruption  . I started to see my OB/GYN   every month, taking vitamins regularly, doing all the lab tests to make sure we were expecting a healthy baby. All the results looked promising, and we thought we would have a healthy baby girl in January next year. Even in the week before placental abruption, when I was in hospital because of a sudden bleeding, doctors didn't believe there were any bad possibilities after reading my blood tests. Unfortunately it still happened. Later, I asked my doctor \"So what caused this?\" She said, \"I don't know. We probably will never know.\" After leaving the hospital, I sometimes do feel frustrated for what happened. But I already accept the fact that there are simply things that we do not know. No matter how well you plan and monitor your life there are uncertainties that can not be predicted and thus can not be avoided. _  Her name was Janet. She came to the world in April, and left us 6 months later. Though we never had the chance of meeting her, she is always our beloved daughter. In the late May 2013, during our first OB visit, we saw a little heart beating happily inside its mother. We couldn't even tell that was a baby, but we knew the magic was happening. The first three months was a disaster, Janet showed her power by making her mama throw up every day. Daddy became the cook of the family, and spent hours learning new dishes to please his picky wife. In the 12th week, we saw her again during an OB screening. When the doctor tried to measure her, she suddenly waved her hand to us, as if saying \"I know you are spying on me again.\" Every regular OB check became our favorite experience, when we could hear her heart beating and knew she was enjoying herself. In the 18th week, one day when daddy was singing, she suddenly kicked her mama. We never felt so happy. Since then, she became more and more naughty, doing all sorts of exercise in her warm little house. We started to think about names, decorate her pink room, and shared the news with our friends. For young parents, there are always a lot to learn! Then it was the end of 25th week. A sudden bleeding terrified mama and daddy. After staying in the hospital for three days, things looked all right again, and Janet did not seem to be affected. However, the night after we went out of the hospital, a much worse contraction  started which caused placental abruption. When we went back to the hospital, mama survived from an emergency operation, but Janet's heart was no longer beating. Janet, thank you for all the joy you brought to us. We love you and we will miss you forever. Rest in peace! \n Answer: She died from lack of equipment.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the baby girl?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-314d6db8e1544ddda245b2d5efd67797",
            "input": "Article: Focus on class     SOME US parents are sad that their high school children score badly in math , science and reading compared to kids in other countries.    There has been an endless series of mostly fruitless education reforms to address this gap ( ).    Now comes an approach based on the insights  of a group of US exchange students. They spent a year in some of the most successful high schools in the world -in Finland, Poland and South Korea.    Author and journalist Amanda Ripley followed three exchange students for her new book, The Smartest Kids in the World - and How They Got That Way. She argues that to improve academics, US schools should de-emphasize sports.    Instead, students should bring their passion and intensity  to academics , she concludes.    \"High school in Finland, Korea and Poland had a purpose, just like high school football practice in America,\" she writes. \"There was a big , important contest at the end, and the score counted.\"   Sports are a distraction  ,Ripley argues, and most countries require them to take place outside of school.    Trading in US school sports culture would be a huge change for people in the US , who respect teamwork and sportsmanship as training for life.    But playing down sports could pay off, as it has elsewhere, if we redirect money , focus and glory to learning.    Ripley is critical  of memorization in South Korean education, but she praises the system's high goals and the free-dom its students have to fail and recover through hard work.    Too often , we don't ask teachers to give our kids harder assignments  -and we're quick to complain about a failing grade. What's working elsewhere is to set ambitious  goals for kids ,and then allow them to discover that they have it within themselves to reclaim  success from failure.   Each of the countries in Smartest Kids came to education reform after an economic crisis  . Finland was losing jobs after graduating just 10 percent of its teens from high school in the 1950s. Today , the graduation rate is 95 percent . Poland's wakeup came in 1999, as students consistently tested below average in reading.    We've tried so many \"reforms\" in education. Maybe what we need is a truly radical  shift away from sports in favor of schooling. \n Answer: High academic scores are considered an important measure of education quality in South Korea.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about education in South Korea is True according to the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9647f0d7102f4a559ebd519cc56a9c71",
            "input": "Article: Education plays a very important role in everybody's life. We go to school because we want to know more about the world around us. The typical classroom used to be the place where teachers and students were working and exploring the wonderful world of knowledge together, but now everything has changed. The Internet is one of those approaches. Learning via the Internet is a new style that seems to become successful than the traditional teaching. The Internet provides schools with a large amount of learning material that is accessible to students online. Owing to the choices of courses online, completing a program becomes much easier. We used to go to the library when we needed information and spend hours searching for the right sources. Today there is a \"library\" in our house and it is available 24 hours a day. From my personal experience, being a first time mother, I find that using information online is very helpful. While I am at home with my baby, I can still search for the material I need and exchange thoughts and information with my classmates without leaving my house. The Internet is not only a big information provider but also a money and time saver. People predict that education will be much cheaper in the future because of Internet access to information. The cost of land, building and wages for teachers are continuously increasing. In addition, regular courses (offline) depend heavily on books and other paper-based materials, while online education posts lectures, and assignments electronically, which saves thousands of dollars every year. With no physical restrictions, the Internet classes and courses are also very convenient. In classroom-based education there is a limitation on the number of students while Internet education is available to everyone. Students don't have to struggle in order to register for classes they like.  Students will have more choices to take their courses and classes online. The Internet offers a wonderful opportunity to obtain knowledge in a more convenient and less expensive way. In my opinion, online life in the future is simply inescapable. \n Answer: Online learning is seen to be more successful than traditional teaching.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3a21349d0e1349d0a3cad00a3be3b43b",
            "input": "Article: America was faced with one of its worst ever mass shootings on Friday when 20 children and six adults were shot dead by a gunman who opened fire at an elementary school in Connecticut. The gunshot atSandy Hook element school in Newtown, about 65 miles north-east.of New York, is understood to have been carried out by a gunman who was later found dead at the scene. State policeman Paul Vance said 18 children died at the scene and two more died ,n hospital.Six adults were found dead at the school, Vance said.The bodies of the victims remain inside the school. In an emotional press conference at the White House, Barack Obama suggested that he may take action.Fighting back tears, he said: \"We've tolemted too many of these tragedies in the past few years.And each time I learn the news I react no.as a president, but as anybody else would - as a panent.And that was especially true today.I know there's not a parent in America who isn't in the same overwhelming sorrow that I am,\" Referring to a number of major shootings this year alone, Obama continued \"Whether it's an elemental school in Newtown, or a shopping mall in Oregon , a temple in Wisconsin, or a movie theater in Auron, or a street comer in Chicago - these neighborhoods are our neighborhoods, and these children are our children.And we-,, going to have to come together and take meaningful action to prevent more tragedies like this, regariless of the politics.\" \n Answer: 18",
            "output": [
                "How many people died at the scene?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9aabd9e17181401f9dbd4844ce09b930",
            "input": "Article: What if I took that big jump on my bike?What's the worst thing that could happen if I go out at midnight?Should try smoking?The teen years can play out like a choose-your-own-adventure novel. Teenagers must act on an endless parade of choices.Some choices.including smoking.Come with serious consequences.As a result, adolescents often find themselves trapped between their impulsive tendencies(-Just try it!)and their newfound ability to make well-informed and logical choices(-Wait, maybe that's not such a good idea!). So what makes the teenager's brain so complex? What drives adolescents-more than any other age group-to sometimes make rash or questionable decisions? If you have ever thought that the choices teenagers make are all about exploring and pushing limits, _ . Experts Experts believe that this tendency marks a necessary period in teen development.The process helps prepare teenagers to confront the world on their own. It is something all humans have evolved to experience-yes, teens everywhere go through this exploratory period.Nor is it unique to people:Even laboratory mice experience a similar stage during their development. For example,laboratory experiments show that young mice stay close by their mothers for safety. As mice grow.their behavior does too.\"When they reach puberty,they're like,'I'm gonna start checking out how this environment looks without my mom,...explains Beatriz Luna,of the University of Pittsburgh. As a developmental cognitive neuroscientist,Luna studies those changes that occur in the brain as children develop into adults.She and other researchers are showing how the teen experience can lead to powerful advantages later in life.Take mice again:Young mice that explore most tend to live longest----that is,unless a cat eats them,Luna adds. \n Answer: The teenage brain drives them to be different",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ea9cb516e644faa849f86a8cea9a0d0",
            "input": "Article: I consider Lily to be my best friend because she is always very good to me. She's always with me in times of difficulties and she is always there waiting for me. When I have problems and feel empty and upset, she's always by my side to comfort me.  We've been together for two years. I met her during our college days. She was my classmate, but I can tell that we were not so close at that time, maybe because we had our own friends and maybe our attention was always on them, so I didn't even notice her. Yet there were times that she was with me during my lunch break. That is why we slowly became close. We had our lunch together in the boarding house but sometimes not, probably because we had our own friends. And when we took our break, we bought our favorite food together, but not that often since we didn't have enough money. Furthermore, we were together in the student union, which was nice for me to know her better. I can say that she is really a nice friend. She is the kind of person that is very approachable in times of emptiness. She is a friend whom I can call every time I need help. Definitely, I am so glad that I have her. Currently, we are working together as freelance writers online. We both work as contractors   in oDesk. We are very happy with working together, and we are looking forward to earning some money so that we can go on vacation together.  Friendships may not last. Friendships can lose importance and die gradually. However, I believe she will be a lifelong friend of mine. \n Answer: Lily is a full-time teacher at college.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e02055314254130986dc385b41cdb04",
            "input": "Article: About 6 percent of luxury hotels in three major Chinese cities have stopped serving shark fin ,a survey has found. Although the controversial dish remains on the menu at most hotels, Green Beagle Environment Institute, a Beijing-based non-government organization that was the main sponsor of the survey, said the results are encouraging and reflect increased awareness. The survey was carried out in Beijing, Shenzhen and Fuzhou, which were selected as representative cities to collect basic data on shark fin consumption nationwide. In Beijing, 132 hotels completed the phone questionnaire between Nov. 20 and Dec. 12. Only 12 hotels, 9 percent, said they do not serve shark fin. A similar survey of 131 Beijing hotels conducted a year ago found only one hotel that did not serve shark fin, Wang Xue, chief coordinator of the survey, said on Saturday.In Shenzhen, four out of the 85 four and five star hotels surveyed had stopped serving shark fin, accounting for about 5 percent. In Fuzhou, only one of the 40 hotels surveyed did not serve shark fin. On average, about 6. 61 percent of the hotels in the three cities did not serve the food. \"The survey reminded us there is still a long way to go to remove shark fins from Chinese hotels and restaurants, but the improved situation in Beijing is encouraging,\" said Wang. \"We found more hotels and restaurants were willing to take action over the past year.\" International hotels are more active in the \"shark-fin-free\" project, she noted. China is the world's biggest importer and consumer of shark fin, which has been used in luxurious Chinese dishes for 500 years. Dishes made from shark fin are still regarded as a symbol of honor and respect,especially at business dinners, according to Wang. Research has also found that shark fin contains poisonous elements, but the nutritious value is less than that of chicken or pork. \"We hope hotels and restaurants remove shark fin products from their menus,\" Wang added. \n Answer: Shark fin stands for honor and respect in China",
            "output": [
                "Why do Chinese people are fond of eating shark fin?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5b6bac1417894c6da2bc0d58afe8807f",
            "input": "Article: We have all heard the expression: \"Remember to stop and smell the roses.\" But, how often do we really take time out of our hectic fast-paced lives to notice the world around us? I am as guilty as anyone of tuning out the world in this manner, especially when I am driving on California's overcrowded streets. A short time ago, however, I witnessed an event that showed me how being wrapped up in my own little world has kept me from being fully aware of the bigger world picture around me. I was driving to a business appointment and, as usual, I was planning in my mind what I was going to say. I came to a very busy crossroads where the stoplight had just turned red. \"All right,\" I thought to myself, \"I can beat the next light if I race ahead of the pack .\"My mind and car were in auto pilot, ready to go when suddenly my trance was broken by an unforgettable sight. A young couple, both blind, were walking arm-in-arm across this busy crossroads with cars whizzing by in every direction. The man was holding the hand of a little boy , while the woman was clutching a baby sling to her chest, obviously carrying a child. Each of them had a white cane extended, searching for clues to navigate them across the crossroads. Initially I was moved. They were overcoming what I felt was one of the most feared handicaps-blindness. \"Wouldn't it be terrible to be blind?\" I thought. Without realizing the danger they were in, they were walking right the path of oncoming cars. I was frightened for them because I didn't know if the other drivers understood what was happening. As I watched from the front line of traffic (I had the best seat in the house), I saw a miracle unfold before my eyes. Every car in every direction came to a simultaneous stop. I never heard the screech of brakes or even the peep of a car horn. Nobody even yelled, \"Get out of the way!\" Everything froze. In that moment, time seemed to stand still for this family. Amazed , I looked at the cars around me to verify that we were all seeing the same thing, I noticed that everyone's attention was also fixed on the couple. Never skipping a beat, the couple adjusted their course as they followed the coaching. Trusting their white canes and the calls from some concerned citizens, they made it to the other side of the road. As they arrived at the curb, one thing struck me-they were still arm-in-arm .I was taken aback by the emotionless expressions on their faces and judged that they had no idea what was really going on around them. Yet I immediately sensed the sighs of relief exhaled by everyone stopped at that intersection. As I glanced into the cars around me, the driver on my right was mouthing the words \"oh, did you see that?!\" The driver to the left of me was saying, \"I can't believe it!\" I think all of us were deeply moved by what we had just witnessed. Here were human beings stepping outside themselves for a moment to help four people in need. I have reflected back on this situation many times since it happened and have leamed several powerful lessons from it. Take time to look around and really see what is going on in front of you right now. Do this and you will realize that this moment is all there is, more importantly, this moment is all that you have to make a difference in life. As I drove away from that busy intersection, I did so with more awareness of life and compassion for others than I had arrived there with. Since then I have made the decision to really see life as I go about my daily activities and use my God-given talents to help others less fortunate. Do yourself a favor as you walk through life: Slow down and take the time to really see. Take a moment to see what is going on around you right now, right where you are. You may be missing something wonderful. \n Answer: Amazed; Nervous; Relieved",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words can best describe the viewer's feelings when seeing the blind cross the street?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6c6eb9c6f08b480caaf007ad7dd5e192",
            "input": "Article: Only after the straight-talking repairman handed me the bill and waved goodbye did I finally acknowledge the painful truth: Our 20-year-old clothes dryer was not going to last. I turned to my husband. \"He says we're throwing good money after bad,\" I sighed. \"I think he's right.\" \"When do you want to go shopping for a new one?\" my husband asked. I glanced out the window, admiring the sunlight dancing on the big-leaf maples  in our backyard. Perfect drying weather. Suddenly, I recalled my mother hanging laundry on a clothesline during my childhood. My sister and I had played hide-and-seek among the sweet-smelling sheets waving in the wind. I suddenly had a plan. After the wash cycle, we covered the maples with damp blue jeans, shirts, socks and towels. The only things that didn't go outside were my underpants. And I persuaded my shameless husband to let his big boxer shorts  stay indoors, too. There is a secret pleasure to hanging laundry outdoors. It is the perfect excuse to get up from the computer. While checking on the laundry in the backyard, I could commune  not only with cotton T-shirts, but also my cats. I could watch cautious deer run through the yard with their young, listen to nervous squirrels in trees and observe a family of wild turkeys by the road. I returned to my desk refreshed. And, except for the sandpaper feel of sun-dried bath towels, the drying method was a complete success. When autumn came, I'd scan the horizon each day to evaluate the chances of sun-drying. One morning I saw rain clouds. I had a load of wet clothes in my arms and no place to put them. I found my husband. Together we hung laundry throughout the house. Then my husband gave me a hug and a smile. \"I think it's time to buy a dryer...\" he said, \"... like, today.\" \"Good idea,\" I said, just as the infamous Oregon rain started. Our sun-dried laundry habit was finished for the season. \n Answer: \"Just buy a new dryer even if it's very expensive.\"",
            "output": [
                "What could the straight-talking repairman have said to the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-42f711fef8864a17b615512565f0765f",
            "input": "Article: Art robbery and art forgery   are both major themes in crime movies and literature.In the 2012 comedy movie Gambit, British actor Colin Firth plays an art curator who cheats his abusive boss into buying a fake Monet. In reality, art crimes are no less interesting and exciting. According to The New York Times, over the past 15 years, Glafira Rosales fooled two local commercial art galleries into buying 63 false works of art for more than $30 million.She passed off fake paintings as works by 20th century modernist masters such as American artists Mark Rothko and Jackson Pollock.But in fact, these so called \"newly discovered works\" were all produced by a single man, a Chinese immigrant named Qian Peishen. The art world was shocked by Rosales' deception.But to the public, it was amusing and most satisfying to see wealthy people get tricked. So what decides the value of a piece of art? Is it beauty? Is it the artist's talent and craftsmanship? Or is it just because the artist is famous? We should take beauty out. If the buyers were buying paintings only for their beauty, they'll be content displaying good fakes on their walls. They wouldn't be so upset when a forgery is exposed. The art market claims that great artists are inimitable, and that this inimitability justifies the absurd price of their works. We can't deny that most famous artists are good at what they do, but forgers like Qian show that their works are imitable.Otherwise, the difference between the original and the copycats would be obvious and Rosales would not be able to fool anyone. According to an article in the Economist, expensive paintings are what economists call positional goods. They are valuable because other people can't have them. With other goods, a higher price reduces demand.But art turns down the laws of economics. \"When the goods that is really being purchased is evidence that the buyer has paid a lot, price increases cause demand to boom,\" explained the article. That's why scarcity and authenticity are so important in the art market. Artists sometimes forget this.Demien Hirst, the British pop artist, is famous for his spot paintings. But they dropped in value when it became clear that they had been produced in quantities so vast that nobody knew how many were out there.The art market lost faith in these paintings because no one could be sure which of them were authentic and which were fake. \n Answer: The public.",
            "output": [
                "Who is amused and satisfied to see the rich buy forged works of art?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5708e95f1a4441138bc69c3b559317c5",
            "input": "Article: When you are at odds with someone close to you, the One-Minute Drill can show you how to express your feelings effectively - and how to listen more skillfully. All it requires is two individuals who are committed to improving their relationship. Set aside at least ten minutes, and then sit facing each other. Decide who will be the Talker and who will be the Listener. It makes no difference, because later you will change roles. How to perform the One-Minute Drill For approximately 30 seconds, the Talker can say anything he or she wants. Your job will be to express your thoughts and feelings. You can discuss problems you've had a hard time talking about. Remember to limit yourself to about 30 seconds. When the Talker finishes, the Listener will summarize what the Talker just said, as well as how the Talker was feeling inside, as accurately as possible. The Talker now gives the Listener a grade between 0 and 100 per cent to indicate how accurate the summary was. If the rating is 95 per cent or more, you can change roles; the new Talker can continue with the same topic or move on to something entirely new. However, if the grade is below 95 per cent, the Talker should point out what the Listener missed or got wrong, and repeat the process until the overall rating is 95 per cent or more. Then you can change roles and repeat the exercise for as long as you both like. How it works Thirty seconds of emotionally charged information is sufficiently challenging for anyone. Express your feelings in strong, clear, direct language, but as your partner will be listening attentively, you won't need to shout, exaggerate or put your partner down. The Listener should sit and listen respectfully without interrupting. Look into your partner's eyes, but avoid using negative body language. If you like, take a few notes. So the Talker might say: \"When I come home from work, I feel tired and I need some quiet time. But you tell me I'm supposed to spend time with the kids. This makes me feel frustrated. I work hard and I'm exhausted at the end of the day. I feel like I deserve a little time to relax, not listen to more demands.\" In response, the Listener might summarize like this: \"You just told me that you feel exhausted when you come home at night because you've been working hard all day. When I tell you I want you to spend time with the kids, you feel frustrated and _ because you're tired and you need time to relax. You see me as very demanding, and you're probably feeling like I don't appreciate you.\" The first time you attempt the One-Minute Drill, you may get a low score. Don't worry, because you'll get up to speed quickly. Once you've tried this exercise a few times, you'll find that you can nearly always get ratings of 95 per cent or better on the first or second try. \n Answer: Those who have troubled relationships with their friends or family members and try to improve them.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the One-Minute Drill intended for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac051e8ab73042c58ba6d5114dd78f74",
            "input": "Article: I used to think that life in Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania, was filled with never-changing routines. I hated that everyone seemed to know everything about everyone else. Everyone seemed to enjoy talking about other people and their lives. I also didn't like the fact that people seemed very close-minded. I felt trapped. I felt like I was missing out on opportunities. It seemed to me that city life would be the opposite. Then I took my first trip to New York City. I couldn't wait to experience the city. However, when I arrived in the Big Apple, it wasn't at all what I had imagined. I knew it was home to thousands of people, but I hadn't had the least expectation to see so many people on the street at one time. All the streets were filled with people. I also felt a little surprised to see that everyone was in a hurry and everything moved at such a fast pace. When I took the subway for the first time, I said hello to the middle-aged woman next to me. She looked at me with dislike and didn't say a word. After just one day, I realized how important my small town is to me. Now I appreciate the familiar faces I see every day. I like the feeling of security  and belonging my town offers. Jim Thorpe gives me a sense of community and togetherness that the city doesn't provide. I realize just how much a simple hello does for a stranger -- it really can make your day a little better. My big trip showed me that my small town really has instilled  morals and values in me that I didn't even know I had. I never would have known what a big place my town holds in my heart if I had not taken that trip to New York City. \n Answer: There were many chances of career development.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel about life in Jim Thorpe at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-24ad0abf894d4b0ca9d5c44b92cecdfa",
            "input": "Article: What should I eat for breakfast? Who should I go out with on weekends? What should I do if I miss the bus to school? What colleges should I apply for? Again and again Chinese kids ask these questions to their teachers and parents. They can't make their own choices. Kids in America would be very surprised to hear how much Chinese children depend on adults. When they are ten years old, kids decide what clothes they want to wear and buy. By twelve they know what classes to take for middle school. Thirteen years old is the beginning of being what Americans call a \"teenager\". Now the child makes almost all his/her decisions -- what to do after school;who are his/her friends, sometimes even when to come home at night. Finally at sixteen the kid usually gets a car from his/her parents. Now he or she can come and go when he/she likes. The only rule is when they come home at night. Why should kids be independent? Think about it. After high school most of us will be by ourselves. Will our parents be able to tell us what to eat for breakfast in college? Can our teachers decide what we should do at work? Making our own choices can be quite hard and scary. But we can start with making small choices, and then slowly make bigger and more important choices. Before we know it we will become independent, confident and able to make our own decisions! And we will have a lot more fun! \n Answer: Thirteen.",
            "output": [
                "At what age can an American kid make most decisions by himself or herself?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e7f7294f1fe495f8a848276773662b2",
            "input": "Article: Time never had any importance to me until I received a watch from my father that organized my life and made me more responsible. I received this gift on a gray-sky day. I had to go to the airport at 9:00 a.m. to pick up my uncle Ali and take him to my father's house. However, I was late because I was hanging out with my friends. Later that day, around 11:00 a.m., I remembered my uncle, but I was very late. He had already left the airport and taken a taxi to my father's house. I got to my father's house at 2:00 p.m. on the same day and looked at my angry father's face. I felt ashamed. After I said hi to my angry father and tired uncle, my father asked me to sit next to him and handed me this watch as a gift. Then he asked, \"Eric, did you have fun with your friends today?\" I answered, \"Yes, father, and I am sorry about not picking up my uncle.\" He said, \"What you did was not very nice and you should be sorry for your actions.\" I was ashamed. \"Father, I'll never do it again. I promise.\" Then he replied, \"I hope today you learned something important, and this watch will be a reminder for you.\" He told me to take this watch and use it as an organizer of my life. I learned a very important lesson from my father that day: to respect time and never be late to meet someone. This watch is important to me, not because of its price, but because of the lesson that I learned from it. \n Answer: It helped to organize his life.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Eric's watch?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7936da62f43247e48edf7d8452a0ebbf",
            "input": "Article: SAN FRANCISCO--A phone app   in San Francisco gives information about open parking spots. City officials in San Francisco introduced the app to try to reduce traffic jams in the city, but some say it raises safety concerns. In this city, drivers searching for parking spots lead to 30 percent of all downtown jams, city officials think. Now San Francisco has found a solution--a phone app for spot-seekers that displays information about areas with available spaces. The system, introduced last month, relies on wireless sensors   fixed in streets and city garages that can tell within seconds if a spot has opened up. Monique Soltani, a TV reporter, said she and her sister spent 25 minutes on Friday trying to park. \"We were praying to the parking god that we'd find a spot,\" she said. \"If we had the app, we would not have to pray to the parking god.\" But the system could come with serious consequences. Some people say that drivers searching for parking could end up focusing on their phones, not the road. \"It could be really distracting  ,\" said Daniel Simons, a professor of psychology at the University of Illinois. City officials acknowledge the potential problem. They are urging drivers to pull over before they use the city's iPhone app, or to do so before they leave home. Nathaniel Ford, executive director of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, said safety could actually improve if drivers quickly found a spot instead of circling and getting frustrated. San Francisco has put sensors into 7,000 parking spots and 12,250 spots in city garages. If spaces in an area open up, the sensors communicate wirelessly with computers that in turn make the information available to app users within a minute, said Mr. Ford, of the transportation agency. On the app, a map shows which blocks have lots of places (blue) and which are full (red). More than 12,000 people have downloaded San Francisco's app, which is available now only for the iPhone but which city officials say they hope to bring to all similar devices. When it is started up, the city's parking app warns drivers not to use the system while in motion. But safety advocates said that might not be sufficient. After all, they say, texting while driving is illegal in California and in many states, but a number of surveys, including one by the Pew Research Center, show that many Americans do it anyway. Elizabeth Stampe, executive director of Walk San Francisco, a pedestrian advocacy group, said she hoped the new parking app would lead to fewer accidents. \"It's an innovative idea,\" she said. \"The safe way for people to use the device is for them to pull over, which they know they should do. The question is whether they will.\" But Ms. Soltani, the TV reporter, said using the app would probably join the group of activities already performed by drivers. \"We're already looking at Google Maps and Facebook on the phone while we drive,\" she said. \"Aren't we always looking at something on our phone, or changing the radio, or drinking coffee? You're always slightly distracted when you're driving.\" \n Answer: Making the traffic flow smoothly.",
            "output": [
                "What is the phone app mentioned in the text mainly aimed at?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4f3caa8498344878b2dcced1897a890b",
            "input": "Article: More than 27,000 people from around the UK set off at dawn from London to begin the cycle route through Surrey to the Sussex coast. The annual 54-mile ride raises money for the British Heart Foundation(BHF)  and is Europe's largest charity cycling event. Cyclists began the exhausting journey at Clapham Common at 6 a. m. , hoping to reach Brighton seafront within an average of six hours. Money from today's event will help the charity to continue its vital work through heart research and the development of its care and support services. Among those taking part was BBC Breakfast's resident Dr Rosemary Leonard and several colleagues. BHF spokeswoman Gemma Cloke said, \"It was quite cold this morning, but everyone set off without any problems.\" Those taking part range in age from 14 to those in their 70s. Last year cyclists raisedPS4. 1 million for the charity, and have raised more thanPS50 million since the BHF became involved in the event in 1980. The first ride was held in 1976. It is hoped this year's fund raising total could reachPS4. 5 million. She added : \"We have a lot of people taking part, from the more experienced cyclists to those cycling with friends and family in memory of someone and to raise money through sponsorship.\" \"People are always pleased knowing the money is going to a good cause. There is so much support along the route, with local residents watching the ride. \" \"One of the highlights for participants is coming along the seafront while people are clapping, which can really help when they've been in the saddle   for a long time. \" \n Answer: Cyclists may raise more money than last year.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about the cycling event from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0c775f3c71044dddb44b30cad9898e84",
            "input": "Article: It was a sunny holiday Monday. Olivier Ferrante was cooking sausages on the barbecue and entertaining friends in his garden north of Paris when the phone  rang. The call came from the BEA, France's air accidents investigation bureau , where the 38-year-old former football player and driver was an investigator. The news was grim. \"An Airbus is missing over the Atlantic: we need you.\" As a safety investigator,Ferrante and his teams had participated, directly and indirectly,in the recovery of crashed planes from the Red Sea, the Black Sea,and every ocean. But this investigation would be his toughest ever: the plane had disappeared without a witness, or a trace on radar . At least eight ships and a dozen military aircraft gathered on the plane's last  known position, about halfway between Brazil and Western Africa. After six days the aircraft's tail fin  and 50 bodies were spotted on the surface and the first burning questions were answered. The plane wreckage  and passenger injuries indicated the doomed Airbus was unbroken when it hit the water. It was not exploded apart by a bomb or lightning,  now broken up by violent weather. Strangely, no mayday  message had been sent by its pilots. Ferrante worked energetically with his team:collecting offers of help from around the world, consulting navy ministries and research organizations in France and elsewhere, and contracting suitable ships and high-tech equipment. He would not return home for another 29 days. His team used the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle(AUV) operated around the clock, searching about 400 square kilometers a day. But the race against time was lost and no signals were heard and no more wreckage was found. Day after day, the screen remained bare except for objects that turned out to be stones or garbage from ships.  Stressed by media attention and painful meetings with victims'  s,Ferrante went jogging one day to clear his head. Then he had an idea. He decided to look at what had happened to nine other planes that crashed after something abruptly went wrong while flying at high altitude. He found that none had traveled more than 30 km before hitting the sea; most covered less than half that distance. AUV operations continued but now they focused on a 30 km circle around the plane's last known position. On the ninth day of the new-strategy searching, after searching for 22 months, their hard work paid off finally. The first thing they saw was a woman's handbag. Next,they saw bits of twisted aircraft parts and a panel  with \"AF\" painted on it. Without a doubt,this was the missing Aribus,lying 11 km northeast of  its last known position, but nobody felt much like cheering the discovery. \"The screen also exposed well-preserved human bodies,and for some of us they were hard to look at,\" says Ferrante. \n Answer: It was flying at high altitude before going missing.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the plane?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c99f3b9785db49d3bfe28989d5c6abaf",
            "input": "Article: Fast food advertisements greatly influence teens' eating habits and advertisers are increasingly targeting them with a wide range of promotions. Fast food advertisements significantly affect teens' eating habits, leading to consequences such as obesity. TV Advertising The television is the largest source of food ads to teens. It is worth noting that TV watching may not be the chief cause of obesity, but rather the fast food commercials. This implies that fast food commercials greatly influence teens' eating habits, since food is the most advertised item on television. Online Advertising The Internet has become part of a teen's daily life. Fast food manufacturers have taken advantage of this to target teenagers with food commercials. McDonald's corporation has created websites such as 365Black.com. which target minority groups. MeEncanta. com is a McDonald's website that targets Latino youth, who are four and a half times more likely than other youth to visit the site. Eating Habits There is a strong connection between teens' eating habits and fast food commercials. In a study of more than 12,000 teenagers to inquire into the effects of fast food advertising on teenagers, teens who spent more than two hours watching commercial TV were likely to allow themselves to eat more unhealthy foods like fast foods, sugary drinks and snacks than those who did not. Obesity Teens who view fast food ads are at a higher risk of becoming overweight than those who do not, reports the American Academy of Pediatrics. In a survey of 3,342 youths aged between 15 and 23 researchers found that a higher percentage of obese and overweight participants identified with fast food ads. \n Answer: Doubtful.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's attitude to fast food advertisements?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9a68d033cea74fb0bff4e781e48145e5",
            "input": "Article: To the untrained eye it might seem like just a bit of a monkey trick. But when Milly the mandrill (, ) covers her face with her hand she is actually sending a serious message to her fellows: \"Leave me alone!\" Experts believe the 15-year-old mandrill invented the gesture to warn other monkeys at Colchester Zoo to give her some space. And, surprisingly, the signal has been picked by other members of the group, who use it when they too require _ . Biologist Mark Laidre believes the behavior is evidence of social culture among the mandrills. Importantly, the sign language is unlikely to have been influenced by human activities because mandrills do not copy humans. Mr. Laidre expects further research will uncover other monkeys using cultural gestures -- the ability to communicate with the hands in a meaningful way. \"By covering their eyes with their hands, possibly conveyed to others that they wanted to be left alone and this message may have been respected as a 'do not disturb' sign,\" said Mr. Laidre. While the hand is in place, other monkeys are not likely to approach or touch the monkey. Those who rank lower in the social order also use the technique to avoid attacks from more powerful group members. As the discovery appears to be unique to Colchester Zoo, it suggests it is a local phenomenon that arose naturally in the community of 25 mandrills. Curator   Sarah Forsyth said: \"We believe Milly made up the signal and over the past five years some of the younger mandrills have picked it up. We're not sure why she started doing it but it could be as simple as 'I can't see them, so they can't see me'. It really does show you how intelligent mandrills are.\" \n Answer: A monkey invented a gesture.",
            "output": [
                "What's the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-39f77075082f46f3ac5cd445a51950fb",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever wondered why stems grow upwards and roots downwards? Why plants always seem to turn, towards the light and climbing plants run up rather than down? The answer is simple:auxin,a chemical substance that controls growth in plants.       Auxin gives away its secrets Auxin is a plant hormone . Darwin was already interested in it in the 19th century. Only in recent years, however, has the hormone started to give away its secrets ,thanks to intensive molecular research.Auxin is produced in the young,growing parts of plants and then transported throughout the plant-to a low -lying stem for example. The stem needs to straighten out as soon as possible to be able to absorb the topside,resulting in the underside growing faster and the stem straightening out. For the same reason, plants in front of windows will always turn to the light . This active regulation of auxin transport allows plants to take ideal advantage of local and changing conditions.    A new means of transport for auxin?    The transport of auxin through the plant plays a vital role. And ,from all appearances,it is not a  simple matter. The researchers identified an important new link and means of transport for auxin: PILS proteins  . PILS proteins are vital for auxin-dependent plant growth and adjust the intracellular storage of the hormone. It is exactly this compartmentalizing   of auxin that seems functionally important for the various developmental processes.      Growing crops more efficiently: the right amount of auxin in the right place      Higher auxin levels at the right moment and in the right place result in better growth and greater harvest. Better adjustment of auxin levels would make plants grow more efficiently. The researchers hope to contribute to the development of more efficient growing processes by continuing to sort out auxin transport processes. \n Answer: It helps the underside of plants grow faster than the topside.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true of ausin according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2bfe220a085d4bfbb5a323c5af864491",
            "input": "Article: This is my world now; it's all I have left. You see, I'm old. And, I'm not as healthy as I used to be. I'm not necessarily happy with it, but I accept it. Occasionally, a member of my family will stop in to see me. He or she will bring me some flowers or a little present, maybe a set of slippers--I've got eight pairs. And then they will return to the outside world and I'll be alone again. Oh, there are other people here in the nursing home. Residents, we're called. The majority are about my age. I'm 84. Many are in wheelchairs. The lucky ones are passing through--a broken hip, a diseased heart, something has brought them here for rehabilitation . When they're well they'll be going home. The help here is basically pretty good, although there's a large turnover of staff. Just when I get comfortable with someone he or she moves on to another job. I understand that. This is not the best job to have. I don't much like some of the physical things that happen to us. I don't care much for a diaper . I seem to have lost the control acquired so diligently as a child. The difference is that I'm aware and embarrassed, but I can't do anything about it. I've had three children, and I know it isn't pleasant to clean another's diaper. My husband used to wear a gas mask when he changed the kids. I wish I had one now. Why do you think the staff insists on talking baby talk when speaking to me? I understand English. I have a degree in music and am a certified teacher. Now I hear a lot of words that end in \"y\". There is little need for anyone to position their face directly in front of mine and raise their voice with those \"y\" words. Sometimes it takes longer for a meaning to sink in; sometimes my mind wanders when I am bored. But there's no need to shout. I'd love to go out for a meal or travel again. I'd love to go to my own church, sing with my own choir. I'd love to visit my friends. Most of them are gone now or else they are in different \"homes\" of their children's choosing. I'd love to play a good game of bridge, but no one here seems to concentrate very well. My children put me here for my own good. They said they would be able to visit me frequently. But they have their own lives to lead. That sounds normal. I don't want to be a burden. They know that. But I would like to see them more. One of them is here in town. He visits as much as he can. Something else I've learned to accept is loss of privacy. Quite often I'll close my door when my roommate--imagine having a roommate at my age--is in the TV room. I do appreciate some time to myself and believe that I have earned at least that courtesy . As I sit thinking or writing, one of the aides invariably opens the door unannounced and walks in as if I'm not there. Sometimes she even opens my drawers and begins searching around. Am I invisible? Have I lost my right to respect and dignity? I am still a human being. I would like to be treated as one. Back to my semiprivate room for a little semi-privacy or a nap . I do need my beauty rest; company may come today. What is today, again? The afternoon drags into early evening. This used to be my favorite time of the day. Things would wind down. I would kick off my shoes. Put my feet up on the coffee table. Pop open a bottle of Chablis and enjoy the fruits of my day's labor with my husband. He's gone. So is my health. This is my world. \n Answer: The staff used baby talk with her because they assumed her mind had aged as her body had.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d3cd823aa999473cb422c26d2ae07f44",
            "input": "Article: Buckingham Palace is where the Queen lives. It is the Queen's official and main royal London home.Buckingham Palace was originally a splendid house built by the Duke  of Buckingham for his wife. George IV began changing it into a palace in 1826. It has been the official London home of Britain's royal family since 1837. Buckingham Palace is also an office and used for the administrative work of the royal family. When the Queen is at home you can see her royal flag (the Royal Standard) flying from the flag pole on top of Buckingham Palace. The flag is divided into four equal parts. The first and fourth parts represent England and contain three gold lions waking on a red field; the second part represents Scotland and contains a red lion standing on a gold field; the third part represents Ireland and contains the gold coat of arms of Ireland on a blue field. In flag protocol  , the Royal Standard which must only be flown from buildings where the Queen is present is supreme  . It flies above the British Union Flag (the Union Jack ), and other British flags. It never flies at half mast. The guards of the Palace wear red jackets and tall, furry hats. When the first guards come on duty, there is a ceremony called the Changing of the Guard. A familiar sight at Buckingham Palace is the Changing of the Guard ceremony that takes place in the open space in front of it each morning. The Palace has around 750 rooms, including 19 state rooms, 52 royal and guest bedrooms, 78 bathrooms, 92 offices, a cinema and a swimming pool. It also has its own post office and police station. About 400 people work at the Palace, including servants, chefs, footmen, cleaners, gardeners, electricians, and so on. More than 50,000 people come to the Palace each year as guests to dinners, receptions and Royal Garden Parties. \n Answer: George IV's wife.",
            "output": [
                "For whom was the original Buckingham Palace built?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dd96e1e63e234ff389449db8685ed36b",
            "input": "Article: Friendship is always the center in our life. Friends often affect   our health and energy. More and more people are turning towards their friends for support  and sharing. We may have a very unclear understanding of what makes a friend but we all want to have many good friends around us. There are certain steps that can win you friends or at least help you get close to those whom you want to make friends with. The first step to make friends with someone is to make him like you. If they don't like you in the beginning, it is impossible for them to become your friends. To let someone know that you're interested in him, a little smile and calling him by his name can help. To make the other person feel important, you need to be a good listener and encourage  the other person to talk. Give your honest and real opinions but do not make fun of him or her. The second step is to fully understand each other. You need to share his or her opinions. So, it is necessary for you to develop a habit of seeing things from the other person's point of view . The third and final step is to show your support and encouragement towards your friend. \n Answer: How to make friends.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2fd31e5bda1f48b5bc5113b252f8cf63",
            "input": "Article: Are you looking for some interesting and meaningful places to take your kids to? Here are some  places for you to choose before they grow up: Alaska Not to sound cool, but \"it's a good chance to experience a trip through the icebergs. There are  over 100,000 glaciers in Alaska, more than anywhere else in the world combined. You can also spot  whales and other wildlife, visit the famous Denali National Park, enjoy the landscapes and even learn about the roughly 20 different native languages Spoken there New York City You definitely don't want to be chasing after your shopaholic teens in Manhattan, so plan your trip to _ Apple when the kids are still young enough to enjoy the family-friendly trips! There  are several family-friendly Broadway shows to see. You can also bring them for a walk in Central  Park, pay a visit to the giant M&M'S store in Times Square, take a City Sightseeing Cruise, get on a  boat to see the Statue of Liberty, visit the Brooklyn Children's Museum, and even enjoy a yummy  street hot dog Cape Canaveral There are few things m the world as cool as rockets that fly to the outer space, so obviously ,a visit to Cape Canaveral's Kennedy Space Centre is one of the coolest trips you can you're your children on. Though you won't see any more launches from this space station and its retired rockets, you can find out what it feels like to be in the Shuttle Launch Experience flight simulator Plus, it's only one hour away from Orlando, Florida, so if you visit Disney World as well, this quick side trip will be an easy one to make. The Canadian Rockies If you happen to visit the Canadian portion of the nor them Rocky Mountains, a visit to Banff    National Park will certainly not disappoint you. There are so many great activities for the whole    family to enjoy like wildlife viewing, spaceflight tours, fishing, horseback riding, and hiking. Let      your children experience the beauty of the Canadian Rockies and learn more about the history of this impressive UNESCO World Heritage site. \n Answer: New York city and Cape Canaveral.",
            "output": [
                "If a child wants to experience something related to spaceflight, where can he go?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-193dfcc2801c45ecaa4e7bcbd471b32b",
            "input": "Article: You may have never heard of Lanthanum, Cerium or Neodymium, but these elements   and others known as \"rare earth\" play a major role in modern technology. They can actually be found in many places on the earth, but not in quantities that can be mined. Only a few countries -- China, America, India, Australia, Brazil and Malaysia have any that can be mined enough to be traded. Even though some of these elements such as Cerium are as abundant as Copper, they are not found in concentrated amounts on the earth's surface. They are often mixed together with other metals, which makes extraction   of these elements an expensive and an environmentally messy process. It was due to this reason that the term \"rare earth\" was invented. Rare earth metals are used widely in our life. Rechargeable car batteries, computers, iPhones, DVD players, computer monitors, televisions, lighting, lasers, glass polishing, and superconductors all use quantities of rare earth metals. Also, with the advancement in \"green\" technology like solar panels, these shiny materials are becoming more important than ever. An average electric car uses 10 pounds of Lanthanum for its rechargeable battery! America has large deposits   of rare earths and has one of the first mines. It was opened in Southern California in 1940. The element \"Europium\" was the first metal to be separated in quantity for use in color televisions. However, in the 1980's and 1990's, as China started producing these elements in Inner Mongolia, the mines in America and elsewhere could not keep pace. The mine in Mountain Pass, California also failed environmental regulations and shut down in 2002. Now, recognizing the importance of having more than one supplier of this important resource, other rare earth owning countries like India and Australia are either dusting off their rare earth mines or speeding up their production. It is believed that the debate over rare earths will become louder in the coming months and years. \n Answer: They are not really as rare as they are named.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about rare earths?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-def3777ff6474332a606b3841c667dd7",
            "input": "Article: Recently a research was carried out in London,Birmingham and Leeds among teachers from different schools about student behavior management. The majority of teachers said that behavior management is the biggest challenge they face in teaching.They are against the idea of a \"one size fits all\" approach to behavior management and believe that how they deal with behavior depends on their analysis of what is driving the behavior.Many teachers make the analysis in three steps.First,observe what the student is doing;then look into what drives the behavior and finally identify what is the real problem to deal with,e.g.attention seeking or being unable to follow the lessons etc..However,many teachers felt it sometimes difficult as schools did not always effectively communicate the necessary information about the students for them to do it. The behaviors are generally divided into low,mid and high level.Teachers felt low and high level behavior was easy to analyze and deal with because low level behavior was seen as the least serious of a problem;and there is clear structure in place for dealing with high level behavior. However,there is no clear structure and effective ways to address midlevel behavior,which may cause a sense of failure in some teachers. Teachers also felt that the laws to protect pupils have resulted in a sense of teachers having fewer rights to manage behavior.In case they deal with or be seen to deal with behavior wrongly or improperly,the results could be very serious:damage the child or teacher,especially their career. \n Answer: Teachers' difficulties in managing student behavior.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f86ad887a84445b094ce130b42c39ddc",
            "input": "Article: The people who built Stonehenge in Southern England thousands of years ago had wild parties, eating barbecued pigs and breaking pottery. This is according to recent work by archaeologists--history experts who investigate how human beings lived in the past. Archaeologists digging near Stonehenge last year discovered the remains of a large prehistoric village where they think the builders of the mysterious stone circle used to live. The village is about 4,600 years old, the same age as Stonehenge and as old as the Pyramids in Egypt. It is less than two miles from the famous ancient landmark and lies inside a massive man-made circular dirt wall, or \"henge\", known as the Durrington Walls. Remains found at the site included jewellry, stone arrowheads, tools made of deer antlers, wooden spears and huge amounts of animal bones and broken pottery. \"These finds suggest Stone Age people went to the village at special times of the year to feast and party\", says Mike Parker-Pearson from Sheffield University in England. He said many of the pig bones they found had been thrown away half-eaten. He also said the partygoers appeared to have shot some of the farm pigs with arrows, possibly as a kind of sport before barbecuing them. An ancient road which led from the village to the River Avon was also found. Here, the experts think, people came after their parties to throw dead  s in the water so the bodies would be washed downstream to Stonehenge. Parker-Pearson believes Stonehenge was like a cemetery where ancient Britons buried the dead and remembered their ancestors. The theory is that Stonehenge is a kind of spirit home to the ancestors. The recent discovery of the village within the Durrington Walls shows that Stonehenge didn't stand alone but was part of a much bigger religious site, according to Parker-Pearson.People still come to worship and celebrate at Stonehenge today. They meet there when the sun sets on the shortest day of winter and when it rises on the longest day of summer. But the days of barbecuing whole pigs there and throwing family members into the river are a thing of the past. At present, it has been attracting a great number of visitors all around the world. Here is a comment from a visitor. \"I am speaking to a friend on Facebook who is heartbroken that she went there with utter love and respect for the site and that the whole Summer Solstice event was full of drunk party goers and those that had gone in a respectful, loving way were made to sit on the outside, so as not to be disturbed by the revellers.\" \n Answer: A site where dead people were placed or remembered.",
            "output": [
                "What was Stonehenge according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bedb9d5de1a64b41ae5bdcb5da8e2b5d",
            "input": "Article: The average person learns most of the 30 000~40 000 words whose meanings he or she recognizes by hearing them or getting familiar with them in the context or simply absorbing them without conscious effort. The best way to build a good vocabulary, therefore, is to read a great deal and to participate in a lot of good talks. There are relatively few words that we learn permanently by purposefully referring to dictionaries or keeping word lists. However, even those extra few are of value, and no one will make a mistake by working on developing a larger vocabulary. Here are some suggestions of how to do it. Read plenty of good books. When you come across a new word, or a new meaning of an old word, stop and see if you can understand it from its context. If you can't, and if you can manage without interrupting the thought of the book too much, look it up in a dictionary or ask somebody and then repeat its meaning to yourself a couple of times. If you are really conscientious , write the word and its meaning in a personal vocabulary list - preferably using it in a sentence, or you can keep a special vocabulary notebook. Go over the list from time to time. Further, try to use a new word in writing or conversation a few times over the next several days. Listen to good talks and be alert to new words you hear or to new meanings of words you already know. Then treat them just as you treat the new words you read. Learn and be alert to the parts of words: prefixes, suffixes and roots. Knowing _ enables you to make intelligent guesses about the meanings of words. If you are studying a foreign language, be alert to words in that language which relate to words in English. English has inherited  or borrowed much of its vocabulary of 500 000~600 000 words from Latin, Greek, French, Spanish and German. \n Answer: All of the above.",
            "output": [
                "When you meet a new word in reading, what should you do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c72bb09619a14b19bfe2f53b74efdc4c",
            "input": "Article: Dear all, Please read Professor Hume's email about his next lecture on Rosa Parks. Susan Miller Secretary *************************************** Dear Susan, Please forward this message to students of my history class. Besides the life story of Rosa Parks in the textbook, the students are also required to read the passage below and some related stories that can be borrowed from the school library. Ted Hume The early experiences of Rosa Parks(1913-2005), long known as the \"mother of the civil rights movement, \"were not different from those of many African-Americans at that time. The black woman, however, turned the course of American history in December 1955 when she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. \"By sitting down, \"remarked John Lewis, \"she was standing up for all Americans. \" Among the numerous awards Parks received in her life were the Presidential Medal of Freedom(1996)and the Congressional Gold Medal(1999). Parks died on Oct. 24, 2005. At St. Paul A. M. E. Church in Montgomery, a large crowd including Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice celebrated her life. Rice said she and others, who grew up when the political activities of Parks held public attention, might not have realized her impact on their lives, \"but I can honestly say that without Mrs. Parks, I probably would not be standing here as Secretary of State. \" After her casket was placed at the Capitol, U. S. President Bush, members of Congress and ordinary Americans paid their respects. In American history Parks is the first woman to lie in state at the Capitol, a very high regard usually reserved for Presidents of the United States. \n Answer: To make arrangements for Professor Hume's class.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of Susan's email?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-db2c4f3f9b364a839fe4320ee7cdfcf7",
            "input": "Article: An artist went to beautiful part of the country for a holiday, and stayed with a famer. Every day he went out with his paints and his brushes and painted from morning to evening. When it got dark, he went back to the farm and had a good dinner before he went to bed. At the end of his holiday, he wanted to pay the farmer, but the farmer said, \"No I do not want money, but give me one of your pictures\", .The farmer smiled and answered, \"It's not that. I have a son in London. He wants to become an artist. When he comes here next month. I will show him your picture, and then he will not want to be an artist any more, I think.\" \n Answer: To spend a holiday",
            "output": [
                "What did the artist go to the country for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4802ae859cdb4820ba0f18a6600ac85f",
            "input": "Article: Almost one - fourth of all personal spending in theprefix = st1 /United Statestakes place during the holiday season. There are gifts to give this month for Christmas, Hanukkah and the African American celebration of Kwanzaa. The traditional shopping season began last Friday, after Thanksgiving Day. Personal spending represents two-thirds of the economy, so holiday sales are especially important. Reports on November results have just come out. Wal-Mart is the biggest seller in the world. The company had expected growth of two to four percent in November, fueled by sales on \"Black Friday.\"  The day after Thanksgiving is called that. Storekeepers used to record profits   in black ink and losses in red ink. A day in the black means a return to profit.  The National Retail Federation estimated   in September that holiday sales would increase four and one-half percent this year. Holiday sales increased five percent last year, after poor sales the year before.  The business group estimated that Americans will spend 220,000 million dollars this season. It says they spent just over 10 percent of that last weekend.  Also, it says more Americans for the first time this season plan to use a debit card than a credit card for purchases. A debit card, also called a check card, is linked to the money that a person has in a bank. In other words, users must have the money before they can spend it.  About thirty - five percent of shoppers said they would mainly use debit cards, compared to 30 percent for credit cards. Financial experts say this change might mean that more people want to keep to a budget this holiday season. \n Answer: Giving Gifts to Each Other at Christmas.",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cd94c439db9c4ae799ecc06722fa70be",
            "input": "Article: Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working harder than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops, and factories are discovering the great efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunch rooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever increasing output. Thus the \"typical\" Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comfort and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality. Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that \"assembly line life\" will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local cafe? Since the late 1950s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of this competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence. In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old. \n Answer: Elegance, efficiency, and leisure",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is a feature of the old French way of life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e1bf14eb87764cf8a45472b3ffa0cb4a",
            "input": "Article: They once seemed more at home on the busy streets of Asia like Delhi, Calcutta and Bangkok but cycle powered rickshaws   can now be seen taking people across town in many European cities. Many people believe that rickshaws are a good way of experiencing a city close-up, while also cutting down on traffic jams and pollution. In Berlin, one of the first cities to introduce this new model of transport, more than 200 bike-taxis go along at 15km per hour, past many tourist attractions and city parks. \"It is completely environmentally friendly; we have new models with an engine to help the driver up the hills but they use renewable energy.\" said a spokesman for VELOTAXI, the leading rickshaw company which has carried a quarter of a million people this year. While the city still has 7,000 motor-taxis, rickshaw company officials say their taxis' green ideas, speed and safety make them more than just a tourist attraction. While now increasingly out of fashion in Delhi, Berlin people have eagerly accepted the new fleet since their launch in 1997. \"It's better than a taxi, better than a bus, better than the train,\" said ULF Lehman, 36, as he leapt out of a rickshaw near the world famous Brandenburg gate. \"It feels so free.\" \" _ ,\" said another traveler. In Amsterdam, driver Peter Jancso said people like to be driven around in his bright yellow rickshaw and pretend to be a queen in a golden carriage. \"I like my passengers to feel important,\" he said as he dropped off another passenger. Another visitor noted how cheap it was compared with a normal taxi. Although increasingly popular in Europe, it is the opposite in India, where hand-pulled rickshaws are considered inhuman and a symbol of India's backward past. Nearly 500 bike-rickshaws are running in London and are not required to pay the city's road tax but things may change as other taxi drivers complain of unfair treatment. \n Answer: Berlin, Amsterdam, London.",
            "output": [
                "Where are rickshaws becoming more popular?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69224195a263484ba399a8152b874dc0",
            "input": "Article: Researchers are now using 3D printing to create models of the human heart to help heart specialists. The heart doctors can use the models to better help patients before an operation. Dr. Bramlet, a children's heart expert at the University of Illinois College of Medicine, says the 3-D models show information he cannot get any other way. \"And so what we've done with the printed models? We've pulled it out of the screen so that you can actually hold it in your hand and evaluate the anatomy .\" A 3-D printer uses images from a digital display to create a physical model of a human heart. Matthew Bramlet says doctors can use the model to understand the anatomy. Pictures from medical tests like CAT scan or MRI are sent to a 3-D printer to create a heart in a plaster form. The printer then constructs the heart, thin layer by thin layer. Dr. Bramlet says the model matches the real heart in every detail. \"When we're done with the model and made our decision, we want to be able to go back to the source image and confirm those findings,\" he says. Dr. Bramlet has built model hearts for different kinds of heart operations. All of the operations were successful. In his first case, digital images showed only one tiny hole in a baby's heart. But, the 3-D printed model showed several defects or problems that the baby was born with. Dr. Bramlet says those defects could not be seen easily in the images. The heart surgeon was able to change the type of surgery for the patient based on the 3-D model. He added that 3-D heart models saves time during heart operations. Kathy Magliato is a heart surgeon at Saint John's Health Center in Los Angeles. She welcomes the new technology. She says it could help her make better decisions before she operates on the hearts of her patients. \"I can then take this very complicated structure before the operation and I can hold it in my hand and plan an operation around what I'm seeing, touching and feeling. That to me is what can potentially change the game in an operation and save lives.\" Dr Bramlet continues to research the technology. He is working with the National Institutes of Health to build a 3-D library that includes heart models and images that others can use. \n Answer: The application of 3-D printing in heart operations",
            "output": [
                "Whats the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2ece94606aa04ae29addac858eabc907",
            "input": "Article: Standing alone at Browns party,Anna Mackintosh thought about her husband Edward,establishing him clearly in her mind's eye. He was a thin man,forty-one years of age,with fair hair that was often untidy.In the seventeen years they'd been married he had changed very little:he was still nervous with other people,and smiled in the same shy way,and his face was still almost boyish. She believed she had failed him because he had wished for children and she had not been able to supply any.She had been annoyed for this fact over the years and in the end,quite some time ago now,she had consulted Dr.Abbat at Edward's request. In the Browns'rich living room,its walls and ceilings giving out a bright light with a metallic surface of imitation gold,Anna listened to dance music coming from a tape recorder and continued to think about her husband. In a moment he would be at the party too,since they had agreed to meet there,although by now it was three quarters of an hour later than the time he had planned to come. The Browns were people he knew in a business way,and he had said he thought it wise that he and Anna should attend this gathering of theirs. She had never met them before,which made it more difficult for her,having to wait about,not knowing a soul in the room. When she thought about it she felt herself unfairly treated,for although Edward was kind to her and always had been,it was far from thoughtful to be as late as this. Because of her nervous condition she felt afraid and had developed a sickness in her stomach.She looked at her watch and sighed. \n Answer: Her nervousness at parties",
            "output": [
                "What made Anna feel that she had failed her husband,Edward?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c813ee504a614bfe854a42b9ec255216",
            "input": "Article: If you want to know how crazy people can be about their pets, you might remember that Helmsley left $12 million to her little Maltese dog when she died last year. The dog's name is Trouble. And apparendy Trouble is still alive. Of course, I would hang on,too, if someone left me $12 million. Look! Top-shelf dog food, soft pillows everywhere, drivers walking me in nice leafy parks. I would live to be 110 in dog years. The dog's story is still fresh in my mind the other night when I leave a steak house after a superb meal. Then I notice a woman carrying a small bag out of the door behind me. Once outside, she walks over to where a man is holding a tiny dog hke it's a baby. The dog looks like a Maltese, too, barking and annoying, with a cute haircut, And now I am treated to an absolute astonishing sight. Because now the woman reaches into the bag and begins pulling out little pieces of meat, which she puts on a plastic spoon and feeds to the dog. This is no cheap steak house. It's actually, way out of my league --I'm there only because it's a special occasion. I can tell you this: if I walked out of the place with any leftover steak, it sure wouldn't go to a dog. Not at those prices. So now the woman is Spoon-feeding the dog and the man is just standing there, holding this dog and looking as if this is the most normal thing in the world. And the dog is calmly chewing these pieces of steak as if he's a little king. And this dog is in no hurry. He's having a great time. A few minutes go by, and now the dog finishes all of his steak. At this point, I hear the woman say to the man \"Think he's still hungry?\" And she glances behind her at the restaurant, as if she might go back in there to get more steak for the dog. Watching all this, I'm afraid I'm going to shout, \"Are you out of your mind? Feeding all that pricey steak to that little dog? Did you see what our American life is like today? We're all going to be eating dog food if this keeps up!\" \n Answer: Because he thinks the dog is treated extremely well.",
            "output": [
                "Why would the author live to be 110 in dog years?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad1831f1a43e462e958e0d7303f14f76",
            "input": "Article: Oscar-winning director Ang Lee' s new epic \"Life of Pi\" reveals the relationship between a teenage Indian boy and a Bengal tiger. But in reality, the predators are under increasing threat from humans. Animal rights group PETA is hoping to use the popularity of the film to focus people's attention on the real life of Bengal tigers. With the rising demand for tiger parts from East Asia, illegal hunting remains a tremendous danger for the remaining cat population. Back in 1947, there were 40,000 tigers in India, but the number is experiencing a sharp decline t0 1,706 despite campaigns to protect the animal. Rising man-animal conflict is also one of the leading causes of decline in tiger numbers. In one of numerous reported attacks on the endangered big cats, villagers near The Bangladesh-India border, armed with sticks and boat oars, set upon the animal suspected to have attacked a local fisherman and beat it to death earlier this month. So far this year, 58 tiger deaths have been reported in the country. \"The first instinct when a tiger is spotted is to just kill it,\"grieved Gurmeet Sapal, a wildlife filmmaker. \"The feeling of fear and revenge is so strong that it shuts out any other emotion. What we don' t realize is that the tiger never attacks humans until it is forced to. \"' India has been struggling to stop the tiger's decline in the face of the loss of habitat as well that encourages the animals to leave the forest for food. \" The tiger's rapidly exhausted prey base causes the predator to go al! out to get its food. Consequently, livestock and human beings become easy prey, which leads inevitably to conflict,\" says a wildlife conservationist. Filmmaker Sapal says it is only normal for people to think of the tiger as a dangerous animal, but its image as a human killer bears some injustice. \"Tigers never kill for sport nor store meat. They kill their prey only in case of hunger. \" \n Answer: PETA can count on the movie to promote people' s awareness of tiger' s life.",
            "output": [
                "How can PETA take advantage over the hot movie \" Life of Pi \"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f2b3cbb33c3b4e82bd3f313c75e47d80",
            "input": "Article: Science can't explain the power of pets,but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure  and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack,reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer. Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings.For some.an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife.A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress 1evels and blood pressure in people-half of them pet owners-while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic or held a hand in ice water.Subjects completed the tasks alone,with a husband/wife,a close friend or with a pet.People with pets did it best.Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates.With pets in the room,people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions.It seems people feel more relaxed around pets,says Allen,who thinks it may be because pets don't judge. A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits.Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs;a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program.On average,people lost about 11 pounds,or 5% of their body weight.Their dogs did even better,losing an average of 12 pounds,more than 15%of their body weight.Dog owners didn't lose any more weight than those without dogs but,say researchers,got more exercise overall-mostly with their dogs--and found it worth doing. \n Answer: What pets bring to their owners.",
            "output": [
                "What does the text mainly discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-014d0de5b7b24b75935f07539afa6134",
            "input": "Article: Kelly Reeves was getting ready for a trip when her phone slipped into a sink full of water. Panic moment! She quickly picked up the wet phone and tried to turn it on, but nothing worked. Her first reaction? She got dressed, drove to the nearest store, and bought a new mobile at full price. A new study finds that fear of losing your phone is a common illness. About 66 percent of those surveyed suffer from _ or \"no mobile phone phobia\". Interestingly, more women worry about losing their phone than men. Fortunately, there's a solution. The first step is to figure out if you have nomophobia. Checking your phone too often is one thing, but the true sign of a problem is that you can't conduct business or go about your routine when the fear becomes so severe. Do you go to unusual lengths to make sure you have your phone? That's another sign of a problem. If you find you check your phone plenty of times per hour, or a total of an hour per day, there may be a problem. Some of the treatments are similar to those for treating anxiety attacks: leaving the phone behind and not checking e-mail or text messages, and then learning to tolerate the after anxiety. Even if this leads to a high level of worry and stress, the solution is to push through the fear and learn to deal with not having your phone. Of course, there are also technological alternatives. Luis Levy, a co-founder at Novy PR, says he uses an application called Cerberus that can automatically track the location of his phone. To find it, he can just go to a website and see the phone's location. He also insures his phone through a service called Asurion. The company's description of its product reads like a prescription for anxiety:\"60 million phones are lost, stolen or damaged each year. You'll have complete peace of mind knowing that your phone is protected and you can quickly reconnect with family, friends and work, as soon as the very next day!\" \n Answer: Avoiding using a phone for some time",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is a way to treat nomophobia?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ec28fcb60b714acf9b3681063abcabfe",
            "input": "Article: The most frequent reason why people don't make any money blogging is quite obvious: They do not work enough for it. Lots of people tend to think they just have to put some content online, fill it with Adsense ads and wait until they make money.  Seriously, if it were that easy, everyone will have at least one website. Blogging is a job, and often a full- time job. If you want to make money online, you'll have to work with passion.     This is unfair, but true. When a website is young (i. e. less than one year old), it is harder to rank high on search engines and to get people's attention.  If you own a young website and work a lot, don't worry. Money will come later.     Some people work a lot and with passion, but their blog posts suck . When you're a beginner, it is normal to make some mistakes.  But if your blog exists since about one year, if you work a lot but do not see good effect, you'll have to improve your skills. In order to write better blog posts, pick the leader blog and study how it succeeds,  how many posts the author writes per week, how the author improves the blog, etc.     Blogging is one thing, and blog benefit is another. You can be a very good writer with had marketing skills. In that case, do not expect to make a lot of money with your blog, even if you have the _ I recommend you to read this article if you'd like to improve your blog benefit skills. \n Answer: Reasons Why You're Not Making Money Blogging",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f624fcf0a8174f18972622d74c617c45",
            "input": "Article: As they migrate  , butterflies and moths choose the winds they want to fly with, and they change their body positions if they start floating in the wrong direction. This new finding suggests that insects may employ some of the same methods that birds use for traveling long distances. Scientists have long thought that insects were simply at the mercy of the wind. Fascinating as their skills of flight are, migrating behavior has been difficult to study in   insects because many long distant trips happen thousands of feet above ground. Only recently have scientists developed technologies that can detect   such little creatures at such great heights. To their surprise, though, the insects weren't passive travelers on the winds. In autumn, for example, most light winds blew from the east, but the insects somehow sought out ones that carried them south and they positioned themselves to navigate directly to their wintering homes. Even in the spring, when most winds flowed northward, the insects didn't always go with the flow. If breezes weren't blowing in the exact direction they wanted to go, the insects changed their body positions to compensate  . Many migrating birds do the same thing. The study also found, butterflies and moths actively flew within the air streams that pushed them along. By adding flight speeds to wind speeds, the scientists calculated that butterflies and moths can travel as fast as 100 kilometers an hour. The findings may have real-world applications. With climate warming, migrating insects are growing in number. Knowing how and when these pests move could help when farmers decide when to spray their crops. \n Answer: Scientists have trouble in observing insects.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f05006b036514980af716a135c3b94d9",
            "input": "Article: When you make a mistake, big or small, cherish   it like it's the most precious thing in the world, because in some ways, it is. Most of us feel bad when we make mistakes, beat ourselves up about it, feel like failures, get mad at ourselves. And that's only natural. Most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad, and we should try to avoid mistakes. We've been scolded when we make mistakes--at home, school and work. Maybe not always, but probably enough times to make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction. Yet without mistakes, we could not learn or grow. If you think about it that way, mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the world. They make learning possible; they make growth and improvement possible. By trial and error--trying things, making mistakes, and learning from those mistakes--we have figured out how to make electric light, to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, to fly. Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest _ , make speech possible, and make works of genius possible. Think about how we learn:We don't just consume information about something and instantly know it or know how to do it. You don't just read about painting,or writing,or computer programming,or baking, or playing the piano, and know how to do them right away. Instead, you get information about something, from reading or from another person or from observing usually...then you construct a model in your mind...then you test it out by trying it in the real world...then you make mistakes...then you revise the model based on the results of your real world experimentation...and repeat, making mistakes, learning from those mistakes, until you've pretty much learned how to do something. That's how we learn as babies and toddlers, and how we learn as adults. Mistakes are how we learn to do something new--because if you succeed at something, it's probably something you already knew how to do. You haven't really grown much from that success--at most it's the last step on your journey, not the whole journey. Most of the journey is made up of mistakes, if it's a good journey. So if you value learning,if you value growing and improving,then you should value mistakes. They are amazing things that make a world of brilliance possible. \n Answer: Because mistakes have ruined many people's careers.",
            "output": [
                "Why do most of us feel bad about making mistakes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-83f13eeda7ab4292b9224b6df7da4c24",
            "input": "Article: On February 3, a Laysan albatross , a large seabird, named Wisdom, which is 62 years old, hatched a healthy chick on a Pacific island near Hawaii,. It was the sixth year in a row this bird has hatched a chick. Wisdom's species normally lives only 12 to 40 years, while she is able to hatch healthy chicks into her 60s. At breeding time, the Laysan albatross will dig out a shallow nest in the ground. The female then lays a single egg. Both she and her mate will take turns incubating   the egg until it hatches. More than seven out of every 10 Laysan albatrosses' nests are on just one island -Midway Atoll. That's Wisdom's home. But her species spends most of its time in the air. In fact, biologists observe that after learning to fly, these birds may not set foot on land for the next three to five years. Albatrosses are powerful gliders  , With their six-foot, nearly two-meter, wingspan, Laysan albatrosses can ride wind currents for hundreds of miles or more. Biologists now estimate that Wisdom has flown for an unusually large number of miles-between two million and three million. That is equivalent to traveling from Earth to the moon and back-four to six times! And in the months when these birds are not breeding, they stay in the air, and even sleep there. Wild albatrosses often die long before they come close to Wisdom's age. Some are eaten. Others starve, get sick or suffer life-threatening injuries from people's fishing boats. Clearly, Wisdom is special. She may have raised as many as 35 chicks in her life. \n Answer: They can fly hundreds of miles or more in the wind.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about albatrosses?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5fa6af3bef9a4fe8ab83442a1727ce2d",
            "input": "Article: BELT FAJAR, West Bank - of Khalil Taqataqah's nine children, 20-year-old Andaleeb was his favorite. She was up early on Friday, made him tea and then slipped unnoticed out of the modest family home in this West Bank village.        In centralprefix = st1 /Jerusalemlater in the day, Andaleeb ended her life the way dozens of other Palestinians did before: She blew herself up, killing herself and six Israelis and injured scores more.        Andaleeb's parents, sisters, best friends and close  s painted a picture of a quiet and soft-spoken woman who had not given a hint of her intentions.        But Andaleeb spoke of her plan in a video taken before Friday's bombing and shown on Saturday on the Qatar-based Arab satellite TV channel AI-Jazeera.        \"I've chosen to say with my body what Arab's leaders have failed to say.\" Said Andaleeb, repeating a frequent complaint by Palestinians that Arab nations are not doing enough againstIsrael.        \"My body is a barrel of gunpowder that burns the enemy.\" she said, reading from a piece of paper.        \"She was like any other girl of her age. She spoke about love and marriage. I am so sad she's gone. It's the shock of my life.\" said her best friend and coworker Laila Mahmoud.        A school dropout, Andaleeb had supported her family from a job at a Palestinian-owned textile factory in the nearby town ofBelt Jala. She had not reported for work for nearly three weeks because of repeated closures of West Bank roads by the Israeli army, according to her  s.        \"Anyone in her place would have been out of control. It's her destiny and it's a source of pride and glory for us that she did what she could.\" said her aunt, Jameela Taqataqah as she held back tears.        Andaleeb, the third Palestinian woman to commit a suicide murder this year, wore blue jeans and a matching checkered shirt when she had a photograph taken two months ago.        Andaleeb, her parents' fourth child, looked more than 20 in the photograph.        Andaleeb's parents said they learned of their daughter's death early this morning when Israeli troops arrived and asked everyone to step out while they searched the house.        \"They arrested one of her brothers and a male cousin who lives next door.\" said the parents. \n Answer: Israeli troops arrested two Palestinian men.",
            "output": [
                "What's the news story mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19b52ebf4d1444b9b62ef6bfae009bd4",
            "input": "Article: I love seeing Europeans line up in airports to applaud arriving refugees. But humanitarianism   will not guide policy for long. We liberals need to argue from Europe's self-interest: our continent has the need, the space and the ability to accept people. Many European countries are gradually turning into old people's homes. Germany, Italy, Spain and others have some of the lowest birth rates in human history. It is predicted that about one-third of their populations will be aged over 65 in 2050. Germany needs to import at least 350,000 people a year to keep its workforce stable. Suddenly, young ambitious workers are pouring into the country as if called by a genie   with a lamp. No wonder Angela Merkel, German Chancellor, has been more welcoming than David Cameron, British Prime Minister. But all over Europe, carers for old people are already in need. Norway found oil under the seabed but it would have been better off if it had discovered 50,000 nurses there instead. Many rightwingers think we have reached our limits. This feeling is widespread. And it's true that Western Europe is one of the most densely populated regions on earth. Indeed, density has long been Europe's unique selling point: with so many people of different nations closely packed together, we have always traded goods and exchanged ideas fast. That's why the scientific revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries happened here. But we have plenty more room. Many European cities aren't dense enough. Now east Germany, north-western Spain and gorgeous mountain villages in Italy are losing people. Lots of cities have unused industrial land. Humans inhabit a slice of the EU's territory. Only about 2.5 per cent of the EU's land is used for housing, estimates the European Commission. By contrast, a whopping 43 per cent was used for agriculture in 2009, it says. That's too much. We could turn more land into forest or into green landscapes where people can relax and play. Making that transition is feasible because we now use agricultural land inefficiently. Migrants often spend years locked up together in serious government-funded \"migrant centers\". However, the way to learn a new country's language, make friends and find work is to live with a local. This crisis has shown that lots of Europeans are willing to take refugees into their homes. After Iceland's government said it could take only 50 Syrian refugees, many Icelanders came forward offering to take a far greater number into their own homes. People aren't just sitting around waiting for government to do something. We need migrants, and we can accommodate them. If opponents just don't like foreigners, they should say so instead of pretending to be hardheaded pragmatists  . \n Answer: Refugees can make up the shortage of labor in Germany.",
            "output": [
                "Why is Angela Merkel willing to take in refugees according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-15856c35350345b8bc10f0d6d889eac9",
            "input": "Article: In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. equal. Some of them decided to \"drop out\" of American society and form their own societies. They formed utopian communities, which they called \"communes ,\" where they could follow their philosophy of \"do your own thing\". A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called \"Drop City\". Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller, they built dome-shaped  houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the followers of San Francisco poet Steve Gaskin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school houses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. The followers of Steve Gaskin tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the group were arrested for growing marijuana .   Not all communes believed in the philosophy of \"do your own thing\", however. Twin Oaks, a commune founded in Virginia in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B. F. Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's conditioning techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city in Arizona, where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an \"archology\". Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one. \n Answer: They were not pleased with American society.",
            "output": [
                "Why did some young Americans decide to \"drop out\" of society during the 1960s?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a56e94f078ca466b8e03c69ef5318093",
            "input": "Article: In his lowest days when few people bought his records, Taiwan singer Steve Chou lived alone in Canada and did little. One day, he passed by a local CD store and heard a song that greatly attracted him. \"My heart tells me that music is the thing I truly want to do, not for fame or money,\" Chou said. That's how we luckily have such a music genius, who has since then composed lots of hits for the pop music charts  . \"Sometimes we need to get close to nature to look deeply into our souls and see what we really want to follow,\" he said. Recently he has made public his latest work Lovers Genesis. In this album he explores human relationships in the Internet age.\"Technology itself is a good thing, but it depends on how you're going to use it,\"is Chou's advice to teenagers. Chou often gets his music ideas from trips. He has traveled to many places around the world and believes that learning a country's language is the fastest way of experiencing the culture behind it. Chou has worked hard on learning English to push forward his music career. He has flown to the UK to attend months-long English training schools three times. There he lives with local families and practices daily conversations. \"So I could easily read the English instructions on recording machines and communicate with the local music producers,\" said Chou, \"The music reviews of the US or British singers that I appreciate could help me learn and grow with them.\" \n Answer: Because he thinks it will be helpful for his music career.",
            "output": [
                "Why has Chou flown to the UK to learn English?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a8f4a552e5f646dd8357ef85a30d63a6",
            "input": "Article: One day,Mr.Arnold was teaching a lesson,and things were going as normally as ever.He was explaining the story of mankind to his pupils.He told them that,in the beginning,men were nomads ;they never stayed in the same place for very long.Instead,they would travel about,here and there,in search of food,wherever it was to be found. And when the food ran out,they would move off somewhere else. He taught them about the invention of farming and keeping animals.This was an important discovery,because by learning to cultivate the land,and care for animals,mankind would always have food steadily available.It also meant that people could remain living in one place,and this made it easier to set about tasks that would take a long while to complete,like building towns,cities,and all that were in them.All the children listening were attracted by this story,until Lucy jumped up: \"And if that was so important and improved everything so much,why are we nomads all over again,Mr.Arnold?\" Mr.Arnold didn't know what to say. Lucy was a very intelligent girl.He knew that she lived with her parents in a house,so she must know that her family were not nomads;so what did she mean? \"We have all become nomads again,\" continued Lucy.\"The other day,outside the city,they were cutting the forest down. A while ago a fisherman told me how they fish.It's the same with everyone:when there's no more forest left, the foresters go elsewhere,and when the fish run out, the fishermen move on.That's what the nomads did,isn't it?\" The teacher nodded,thoughtfully. Really,Lucy was right. Mankind had turned into nomads. Instead of looking after the land in a way that we could be sure it would keep supplying our needs,we kept developing it until the land was bare.And then off we would go to the next place!            The class spent the rest of the afternoon talking about what they could do to show how to be more civilized. The next day everyone attended class wearing a green Tshirt,with a message that said,\"I am not a nomad!\" And,from then on,they set about showing that indeed they were not.Every time they knew they needed something,they made sure that they would get it using care and control.If they needed wood or paper,they would make sure that they got the recycled kind.They ordered their fish from fish farms,making sure that the fish they received were not too young and too small.They only used animals that were well cared for,and brought up on farms. And so,from their little town,those children managed to give up being nomads again,just as prehistoric men had done so many thousands of years ago. \n Answer: To do more exercise to build themselves up.",
            "output": [
                "Why would early humans travel about in the beginning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87902366a0be4594a8f71cd9bdb24d8e",
            "input": "Article: As we all know, getting benched in sports is usually a bad thing. But at one school in Florida, a girl has taken a bench and turned it into something entirely different - a place to find friends. It's called the Friendship Bench. And it's the brainchild of a sixth grader at Palm Bay Elementary - a girl named Acacia Woodley. Acacia's attitude toward life might be summed up best by a question she recently asked members of the Brevard County School Board - \"what if we spend as much time putting the spotlight on kindness as we do on cruelty?\" It's a philosophy Acacias has learned to live her own life -despite having a lot of people would consider a handicap. She was born without a right hand. And her left hand did not form properly. But Acacia says that she has not stopped her from achieving her goals. \"You need to believe in your dreams. If you don't believe in you dreams, I can definitely tell you that they are not going to come true.\" She said. Acacia came up with the idea for the Friendship Bench after seeing kids getting bullied at school. She says she has also experienced bullying herself - kids whispering about her or picking on her because she is different. \"Some people say they feel sorry for me. I tell them not to,\" she said. \"I don't care that I'm different. I like being different.\" The Friendship Bench looks like a lot of other benches. It has arm sets and a place to lean on. But there are also words painted on it - words such as \"hope\", \"respect\", \"listen\" and \"dream\". Acacia put the benches together with the help from her mother and brother. Any time a kid feels he or she needs a friend, all that kid needs to do is sit on the bench. It is then up to the other kids - or grown-ups - to fill that need. \"It's a perfect idea,\" Palm Bay Elementary Principal Lori said. \"It's something we've needed so badly.\" The Friendship Bench has been such a success at Palm Bay Elementary that other schools are now interested in installing one too. \"There's a saying in my teacher's classroom,\" Acacia said. \"It says, 'it you can dream it, you can achieve it.'\" \n Answer: She is disabled but leads an active life.",
            "output": [
                "What can be learned about Acacia from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f2c472aa3c2e47bb836d67de557ce777",
            "input": "Article: To Chinese immigrants, in the mid-1800s, California was \"The Land of the Golden Mountain.\" In their homeland they had heard the words, \"There's gold in California.\" They sailed 7,000miles to join the gold rush and strike it rich. Between 1849 and 1882, more than 30,000 Chinese came to California. Most were men. They had been farmers in China. They came here to be miners and laborers. They ended up doing many other jobs, too. Like many other immigrants, they did not plan to stay in America. They came because of their ties to their homeland and their families. They planned to return to China with their fortunes and help their families. Only a few Chinese gold miners struck it rich. Most picked over the areas that had been mined already. But still, white miners _ the Chinese. Slowly, they drove the \"yellow peril\" from the mining camps. By the end of the 1850s, many Chinese returned home. Those who stayed found other jobs. Few women had come west in the gold rush. The Chinese saw a good business opportunity. They began doing the jobs women would have done. Many became house servants. Many more opened laundries. The Chinese opened restaurants. Chop suey and show mein are popular Chinese-American dishes. The Chinese probably created these dishes to serve to the white miners. Other Chinese became fishermen, farmers, and even cigar makers. \n Answer: Because they heard there was gold there.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Chinese go to America in the mid-1800s?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c69fc5b015b84802a82255042e757ed7",
            "input": "Article: The Body Temperature The temperature of your body should be always just the same, no matter whether the weather is hot or cold. That is why the doctor uses his thermometer  when your are sick. The body keeps the same temperature all the time ,because it balances the heat it produces and it gives off. It is always burning up food and , producing heat. It can produce heat faster when it needs to give off heat than when it becomes too warm. Let's see how this happen. The heat of your body is given off mainly through the skin. When you are cold, your skin is tight and shows \"good flesh\". When you get chilly, you must dance around to keep warm or else you will shiver. Then your muscles begin to work, burn up fuel, and produce more heat. It is not pleasant to shiver, so you usually prefer to warm up by exercise, or put on more clothes to keep heat in. When you are warm, the skin is loose and soft. It is so supplied with blood that heat is given off rapidly. If you get too warm, you begin to sweat ,and more body heat is used in evaporating the moisture  from your skin. You wear less clothing, too, in warm weather or warm room, so that warm can be given off freely. You feel less like exercising because your body is warm already, and the extra heat produced by exercise makes you uncomfortable. You can see from the way you feel differently in different kinds of weather. In summer, when it is warm, you feel tired and lazy. You do not care to work or play, but enjoy lying and doing nothing. When you get out of doors in winter, the cold air makes you feel lively. You want to play. \n Answer: The Body Temperature Should Always Be the Same",
            "output": [
                "Which is another title suitable of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c84a435d91324e28bc52b769aa6e7454",
            "input": "Article: Do you know what really troubles me? For some reason, words with silent letters have always bothered me. For example, consider these words: know, design, island, school, wrist, naughty, and salmon. All of these words have at least one letter that is not typically pronounced, and these words are just a very small part of words with silent letters in them. Some words are even worse, consider this word: colonel. Not only are some letters not pronounced, but letters that are not even there are pronounced. Even foreign languages, especially French, are guilty of this needless complexity and confusion. I know there must be some main historical reasons why the words are spelled and pronounced the way they are, but that does not mean bad traditions must continue to survive. Especially if they are no longer logical. Unfortunately, there is very little that anyone can do for it, because there's no group of people who can change or have the right to change the English language for everyone. However, the only thing we can do is make changes in the way we talk and write in hopes that it _ . For example, I pronounce the letter \"l\" in salmon on purpose to make people annoyed and to sound more different or complicated. I even pronounce colonel the correct or French way. I can only hope these two minor changes to the English language make sense to you, and you will help to keep up these minor changes forever in your everyday life. \n Answer: Historical reasons.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the main reason for silent letters?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ebf5e153984648e19c5d81955b543be7",
            "input": "Article: Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course that he attends gives him a credit, which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses, each lasting for a term. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend two terms a year. It is possible to spread a period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this in fact is not done as a regular practice.       For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded and available for the student to show employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of study, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activities in student affairs. Elections to positions in the student union arouse great interests. Students who are qualified usually perform the effective work of the student union. With the big numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain number of activities. A student who has held one of these positions in the union is much respected and it willbe of benefitto him. \n Answer: 60",
            "output": [
                "How many classes does an American student have to attend each term to get a credit?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c8d778a8270549cc8d8341bbe2f33d63",
            "input": "Article: Since the nineteen nineties, education has been required for all South Africans from age seven to fifteen. Last December, the government announced that seventy percent of students passed their final examination to finish high school. In 2008 the passage rate was about sixty-three percent. There have been increases each year since then. Professor Shireen Motala at the University of Johannesburg says access to basic education is no longer the problem in South Africa. She says most children stay in school until they are about sixteen. The problem now, she says, is that large numbers of them leave without completing high school. Students take an examination known as the matric in grade twelve, their final or \"matriculation\" year. Professor Motala notes that less than half the children who started school in 2000 sat for the matric last year. He said, \"Only around forty-five percent survived, which means that a large number of children are falling by the wayside. And the concern is that where do those learners actually go to.\" Educational researchers also point to another problem. They say South African schools do not produce enough students with the skills for higher education in math and science. One of those researchers is Graeme Bloch. He says many schools are not well-equipped. \"Because of poverty and limited resources, many children do not see laboratories and ninety-two percent of the schools do not have libraries.\" Also, education specialists say in many cases, teachers and school principals do not have the skills or training to do their jobs. In other cases, they are simply not doing their duty to provide an education. Professor Motala says a number of teachers were poorly trained during the system of apartheid, or racial separation in South Africa. Apartheid ended in 1994. Secondly, she says, teachers have been confused by the many educational reform efforts in the last fifteen years. And, finally, she thinks language differences in the classroom have not gotten as much attention as they should. Subjects such as math and science are taught in English starting at about age ten. But South Africa has eleven official languages and many more unofficial ones. South Africa's minister of basic education promises a number of improvements. Angie Motshega says teacher development efforts will focus on subject and content knowledge, and making sure the correct teachers are in the correct jobs. \n Answer: There is a high dropout rate of students under 16 in South Africa.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is WRONG?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e25ed21feed4ea9aedfca86df5b98e7",
            "input": "Article: Sichuan University's Work-Study Program gives overseas students a chance to teach English to Chinese students on campus. If you need more money to cover all of your education-related costs, you may be eligible for this program. Advantages From the program, you can earn some valuable working experience during your study as well as some extra money. The program offers about 100 job positions for those students who speak English as their first language.  How to apply for it? It's very easy to apply for the program. There is no need for face-to-face interview. All the forms you need are online (www.scu.edu.cn); just fill in the forms and email us; we accept no letter or phone application! What are the criteria for the Study-Teaching Program? The applicants will meet the following requirements: Students who are or will be registered at Sichuan University for at least one semester, English as first language, Clear pronunciation, Good communication skills, Good command of the English language, Good knowledge of western culture, A satisfactory academic standing, Responsible, positive attitude and Ability to provide quality work. How much can you earn? You will receive payment in person from the International Office on the 10th of every month; the fee is 100 RMB per class. (45 minutes) How do you extend the contract? The supervisors of the International Office receives and evaluates applications in addition to answering applicants' questions. After a satisfactory evaluation, you can renew your contract. Regular Office Hours: Monday to Friday  September to June: 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. July to August: 8 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. \n Answer: In person.",
            "output": [
                "How can students apply for the job?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-811d732e42d545768ca5f1b696f76fc3",
            "input": "Article: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. That saying holds true not only for you and me, but also for some of the most powerful and influential people in the world, such as the presidents of the United States. But how do American presidents spend their vacation time? Let's take a look! Franklin D. Roosevelt, considered one of the greatest presidents in American history, had limited vacation options because of his polio . He began visiting Warm Springs, Georgia in 1924 for its curative waters and later built a 2,000 acre polio treatment center nearby. He liked to cruise the Potomacon his yacht  and three times as president returned to his beloved Canadian island of Campobello, with which he fell in love as a kid. Former President Bill Clinton, however, was never much good at vacationing. His staff had to practically force him to go on vacation his first year in office; his idea of relaxing was reading four good books simultaneously  while enjoying a cigar (chewed, not smoked). He could also lose himself in a game of golf, where his somewhat flexible interpretation of the rules could at times drive his partners crazy. Obama's predecessor  also knows how to relax. Fishing is in the Bush family DNA: for blue sharks off the coast of Maine or anything with fins, almost anywhere else. George W. Bush also relaxed as president by jogging and clearing brush on his Texas ranch. Since leaving office, he has become an active mountain biker and, more recently, has taken up painting. Obama tends to take a winter break in Hawaii, where he was born and raised, and a summer vacation in Martha's Vineyard, off the southern coast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. In between, he plays basketball every couple of weeks and has been known to do some skeet shooting at Camp David. Obama's favorite pastime, no matter the location, has become easy to spot: golf. \n Answer: US presidents on holiday.",
            "output": [
                "What's the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-20857af700d546ddb9757da21569cd41",
            "input": "Article: Gifts.com provides more than just ideas. Sure, our unique and unforgettable gift suggestions are a big part of why people love us, but we also offer endless ideas and tools to make every day a reason to celebrate. Here are our Great Christmas Gift Ideas: Christmas Gifts for Parents You love your parents like no one else, and you want to give them something special for Christmas. But what would make their holiday bright?Finding them the perfect Christmas gift will be easy this year, with all our top picks in one place. Christmas Gifts for parents Under $45. Holiday Gift Baskets The gift basket is a great way to give a gift to a group. Our gift basket ideas come from all the top stores online, so you can easily find everything from fruit gift baskets to wine gift baskets in one place. Gift Baskets Under $50. Ideas for Teens Trying to find the right gift for a teen? Teens can be a challenge. What do they want? What could they use? They are all unique, but we think we've got something for them, even though they are a special group that are hard to deal with. Top Picks for Teens Under $20. The secret Santa Exchange The secret Santa is a great way to exchange gifts in the office, when it's often impossible to give everyone a present. We've got an office guide right here to help you find proper gifts for the workplace. And then there's always the gift basket, with things that are sure to please everyone in the office. Business Gifts Under $25. \n Answer: Its special gift ideas. .",
            "output": [
                "What makes Gifts.com popular?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d5dbd4231c849d2ad78b42a8d9d3815",
            "input": "Article: Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 percent of the job's wages, its holidays and its other benefits. Job sharing differs from conventional  part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment. Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing by contrast, is not designed to address the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities. As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carried out in 1988 by Britain's Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence. The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals. \n Answer: Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs.",
            "output": [
                "In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a9d04d4f149e4445af37af5772e68317",
            "input": "Article: \"Extra? Extra!Gasoline hits four dollars a gallon!\" No one will really be shockedexcept, perhaps, the old-timers who tell about the good old days when gas was three gallons for a dollar, and people drove around \"just for the fun of it\". As a matter of fact; the price of gas has been rising fast and steadily for several years, and many adjustments have already been made. There was, for a time, considerable unemployment in the auto industry, and three quarters of the garages and service stations have gone out of business. However; the bicycle and motor-scooter business has flourished ; and many people have found employment there: Now that Federal Motors has brought out its new Lilliput, which travels forty miles on a gallon, the auto business is picking up again. The factories that haven't switched over to two-wheel transportation are working on their new smaller models. There is talk, too, about bringing out new steam and electric automobiles that will be just as economical as the old cars. In the meantime, streetcars are gradually replacing buses all over the country because of the greater economy of electric power. And many people who have seldom used public transportation are now riding the streetcars while their automobiles rust in their garages. There's no market at all for their big, luxurious cars, for only the wealthy can now afford to operate them. Many people are now shopping in their own neighborhood, and small businesses are thriving. Ministers, educators, and editorial writers are pointing out that there has been a great improvement in family life. Families now stay at home more for their fun, and children and parents are becoming better acquainted. The stores report a booming business in parlor games, hobby materials, books, musical instruments and albums. People have lost their pale indoor look. The revival of the lost art of walking has brought a healthy pink back to many a cheek. This return to the heels has revolutionized the clothing styles; people now need to be ready for all kinds of weather: These conditions, however, may not last. Already our clever chemists are at work on new synthetic fuels which, they say, will put us right back where we wereon wheels. Shall w e wish them success or not? \n Answer: The auto industry has been forced to develop new models which are more economical.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT a result of the gas price rising?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-29a0638983924b7398ed9eb0e877ca4e",
            "input": "Article: Why I've taken a break from holidays It is now close to four years since I last took a holiday.This is because I have come to the conclusion,over the course of my adult life,that I am not very good at it.You might think this sounds like saying you're not very good at drinking tea or listening to music.What could possibly be difficult about the natural act of putting your working life on hold for a couple of weeks and going somewhere warm to do nothing? I was a model holidaymaker as a kid.However,the problems started during my twenties.A trip to the south of France was ended after just two days,mainly because I had an urge to check my e-mails.Similarly,my honeymoon was cut short by 48 hours--not because my wife and I weren't enjoying ourselves,but because we were missing our cats. So what is my problem?On the surface,I'm probably a bit of a homebody.And I just find the pressure of being on holiday too severe:it always feels like having a gun held to my head and being forced to have fun.Somehow,packing a list of possessions and meeting a scheduled flight has none of the excitement of suddenly deciding to take a day off and driving somewhere for the fun of it. Thankfully,I'm not alone.This summer,most of my friends have decided not to have a break.And a recent survey proved the _ of holidays,with the results showing that nearly two thirds of people found that the calming effects of a holiday wore off within 24 hours,as stress levels returned to normal.And this year The Idler magazine published its Book of Awful Holidays.Here you will find a list of the five most ecologically-damaging vacations it's possible to take,along with 50 painful holiday experiences voted for on The Idler website. What interests me is what the concept of a \"holiday\" says about our lives.For me,the point of living is to have a life you enjoy for 52 weeks a year.The more I like my life and the better I structure it,the less I want to go away.Maybe I'm an unusual person for not liking holidays,but I just feel the time when I'm not working is too valuable to waste on them. \n Answer: They are less enjoyable than breaks that have not been planned in advance.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think of holidays?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11c32e2b227d4ebab4b391d2e56ae29d",
            "input": "Article: Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. Sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people. The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two killers. And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology is applied, not only these two diseases can be cured completely, bringing happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved, therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, human life span  can be prolonged. www.zxxk.com Gene technology can help people to give birth to healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English imperial family being a good example, have hereditary  diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it, and a healthy child will be born. Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture human beings in large quantities. In the past few years, scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep, therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way. Of course, the government must take care to control gene technology. \n Answer: Using gene technology, the scientist finds the wrong gene and corrects it.",
            "output": [
                "In what way gene technology can help to treat hereditary diseases?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6294443f8c31464e9a866676b799265f",
            "input": "Article: We already know the fastest,least expensive way to slow down climate change:use less energy.With a little effort,and not much money,most of us could reduce our energy diets by 25 percent or more--doing the Earth a favor while also helping our wallets. Not long ago,my wife,PJ,and I tried a new diet--not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change.Scientists have reported recently that the world is heating up even faster than predicted only a few years ago,and that the consequences could be severe if we don't keep reducing emission of carbon dioxide(CO2)and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in our atmosphere. We decided to try an experiment.For one month we recorded our personal emission of CO2.We wanted to see how much we could cut back,so we went on a strict diet.The average US household produces about 150 pounds of CO2a day by doing common things like turning on air conditioning or driving cars.That's more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average,mostly because Americans drive more and have bigger houses.But how much should we try to reduce? For an answer,I checked with Tim Flannery,author of The Weather Makers:How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth.In his book,he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emission to keep the world from reaching extremely important _ ,such as the melting  of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.\"To stay below that point,we need to reduce CO2emission by 80 percent,\"he said. Good advice,I thought.I'd opened our bedroom windows to let in the wind.We'd gotten so used to keeping our air-conditioning going around the clock.I'd almost forgotten the windows even opened.We should not let this happen again.It's time for us to change our habits if necessary. \n Answer: To respond to climate change.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author and his wife try a new diet?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0aa8b817f5534734aa6b639776569c47",
            "input": "Article: Who is the most powerful woman in the world? According  to the US media, it's Janet Yellen, or at least she's about to be. On Oct 9, 2013,US President Barack Obama nominated  Yellen to serve as the next US Federal Reserve (the Fed, )chair. If confirmed by the Senate, Yellen will become  the first woman to serve in the top spot. Aged 67, silver-haired and tiny, Yellen is said to be the most qualified nominee ever. She chaired President Bill Clinton's Council of Economic Advisers, taught at Harvard and Berkeley, and was president of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. She is currently the Fed's vice chair. Many think Yellen is the right choice to deal with the challenges the Fed now faces:First, to bring interest rates back to more normal levels without triggering a new recession .Second, to reduce the US unemployment rate, which remains at historically high levels. A CNN opinion piece says Yellen is unusual for an economist of her caliber .\"She has kept her eyes on what's critical-the people. Her research has centered on unemployment, on the best way to modulate government policies to benefit the people.\" Past records also show that Yellen is exceptionally good at predicting where the economy is headed. An article in The Washington Post points out that she was one of the few voices at the Fed inDecember 2009 warning about the subprime crisis and the following recession. The reason why Yellen will be the most powerful woman in the world has to do with the unique position of the Federal Reserve, explains an article on Quartz, a US news outlet for business people in the new global economy, First of all, the Fed is independent. Unlike US Secretaries of State Madeleine Albright and Hilary Clinton, the decisions made by the organization Yellen will lead next year are not subject to approval by anyone in the government. Within the Fed, the chair alone sets the agenda. The Fed chairperson has huge influence on monetary policy and financial regulation. And don't forget how powerful the Fed itself is. It controls the money supply in the world's largest economy. The Fed's interest rate decisions don't just set the course for the US economy, its decisions set the course for the world economy, too. Because of globalization, Yellen's decisions will affect everyone around the world, says an article in The Atlantic, making her even more powerful than some great women rulers in history,  including Elizabeth I of England and China's Wu Zetian. For example, the article continues: \"If Yellen even just talks about slowing down the Fed's bond-buying, Europe's troubled economies are likely to see their interest rates rise, and emerging markets, some of which, like India and Indonesia, used foreign capital to fund their current account deficits ,are likely to see their currencies collapse.\" \n Answer: Yellen's remarkable competence as an economist.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the reason for Yellen's nomination?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-293170f4afd24e639345912614defa21",
            "input": "Article: The food we eat seems to have great effects on our health. Although science has made great steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to diet as well. Different cultures are subject to certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates  and nitrites , commonly used to keep color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels  of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cows and chick and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market. Although the FDA has tried repeatedly to control these, the practices continue. \n Answer: Scientists have made food more expensive to eat.",
            "output": [
                "How has science done a bad service to mankind?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b743e7e4354844fbad9cf03a85981ed7",
            "input": "Article: Childhood was an illusion  and the illusion was this: everything was bigger. No, I mean everything, not just houses and shops and grown-ups, but colors and flowers and journeys, especially journeys which seemed endless. \"Are we there yet, Daddy?\" Funfairs   were huge things that spread for miles around you with noise and lights and exciting danger. Rainy days at home when you were ill seemed to last for ever. Being a grown-up yourself was an unthinkable distant possibility. Every sound was louder, every game was grander, every pain unbearable. As I've grown old, life has become smaller. Tastes have dulled. Surprises have turned into shocks. Days go by unnoticed. How can I regain childhood when it was an illusion? I have only one repeatable and wonderful way and even in this way I can regain only part of that larger world. I can play upon the stage like a child and make the crowd laugh and laugh with them, sometimes helplessly like a child, and then, even though I'm a sixty-one-year-old man, I can almost catch the colors and sounds and stillness of those bigger years when I was little. \n Answer: He misses it as a grown-up",
            "output": [
                "How does the author feel about his childhood?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8bce4df0b6df43ab9e75cd11e914f3b7",
            "input": "Article: From the modern London Eye to the historic Tower of London, below are London's most visited tourist attractions. Many of London's top attractions are free, making them affordable places to learn about some culture. Whether you prefer history or modern art, you'll find it at one of these must-visit spots. British Museum The world-famous British Museum exhibits the works of man from prehistoric to modern times, from around the world. The most interesting and exciting parts include the Rosetta Stone, the Parthenon sculptures and the mummies in the Ancient Egypt collection. Some exhibitions require tickets. National Gallery The greatest and most beautiful building of Trafalgar Square, London's National Gallery is a vast space filled with Western European paintings from the 13thto the 19thcenturies. In this impressive art gallery you can find works by masters such as Van Gogh, da Vinci, Botticelli, Constable, Renoir, Titian and Stubbs. Some exhibitions require tickets. Tate Modern Sitting on the banks of the Thames is the Tate Modern, Britain's national museum of modern and contemporary art. Its unique shape is due to it being a power station before. The gallery's restaurants offer wonderful views across the city. Some exhibitions require tickets. Coca-Cola London Eye The Coca-Cola London Eye is a major feature of London's skyline. It has some of London's best views from its 32 capsules, each weighing 10 tonnes and holding up to 25 people. Climb aboard for a breathtaking experience, with an unforgettable view of more than 55 of London's most famous landmarks -- all in just 30 minutes! Madame Tussauds At Madame Tussauds, you'll come face-to-face with some of the world's most famous faces. From Shakespeare to Lady Gaga you'll meet influential figures from show business, sport, politics and even royalty. Strike a pose with Usain Bolt, get close to One Direction or receive a once-in-a-lifetime audience with Her Majesty the Queen. \n Answer: Both have chargeable exhibitions.",
            "output": [
                "What do the British Museum and the National Gallery have in common?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f985e066de6b4e7a8d9f1f622f27fba6",
            "input": "Article: I took my 9-year-old daughter,Suzan and 5-year-old son,Robbie to the shopping centre.As we got there,we saw a big sign that said,\"Petting Zoo\".The kids jumped up and asked,\"Daddy,can we go?\" Both my wife and I were out of work.However,I said,\"Sure\",giving them a quarter each. They went away, leaving only fifty cents left in my pocket. A petting zoo is made up of a hundred of little baby animals of all kinds.Kids pay their money and stay in the enclosure pleased with the little animals while their parents shop. A few minutes later,I saw Suzan walking along behind me.I was surprised and asked what was wrong. She said sadly,\"Well,Daddy,a ticket for Petting Zoo costs fifty cents.So I gave Robbie my quarter.\" Then she said _ I ever heard.She repeated the family motto ,which is \"Love is Action!\" I knew clearly no one loves little animals more than Suzan. She had watched both my wife and me do and say \"Love is Action!\" for years,and now she had put it into her lifestyle.It had become part of her,because she knew the whole family motto.It's not only \"Love is Action\";it's \"Love is SACRIFICAL Action!\" Love always pays a price. I was moved.We went back to the Petting Zoo.Suzan stood with her hands and chin resting on the fence and just watched Robbie go crazy petting and feeding the animals.I had fifty cents burning a hole in my pocket. I put my hand into my pocket and took out the money.Sure,I must do that ! \n Answer: Love Is Sacrificial Action!",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1103d6a33ae74c1b9cb99821e054ba48",
            "input": "Article: Although women lead healthier, longer lives, the cruel opinion that they become \"old\" sooner than men is widespread in the workplace , research shows . A survey of more than 2,600 managers and personnel professionals showed that age discrimination is not only common in the workplace , but is shot through with inconsistencies  . Six in ten managers reported being a victim of age discrimination--usually because they were turned down for a job for being too old or too young . Yet more than a fifth admitted that they used ages as an important standard . Although the survey found widespread agreement that older workers were better than younger colleagues when it came to reliability , commitment , loyalty and customer service , these qualities were not necessarily considered to be worthy of advancement . A large number of persons believed that workers between 30 and 39 had the best promotion chances , with only 2 percent giving example of 50 year-olds or above. There was evidence that people were considered old at different ages in different jobs . A young man working in IT said he was considered too old by the age of 28. In fact there was no evidence to suggest that older workers were less valuable to companies than younger workers , in fact the opposite was often true because older workers often brought experience . The findings also suggested that the Government's ideas on age in the workforce may also be out of step with reality. \n Answer: Victims of age discrimination consider age as an important standard .",
            "output": [
                "Which is the discrimination mentioned in this passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5cb29393af7d4461b97dd3da1f1ce280",
            "input": "Article: Not being the best but touching the limits of your ability. This belief came from my third grade teacher, the most trusted and loved person in my life. Mr. Myrus was always perfectly dressed and spoke with the conviction   that talking to small kids didn't mean that he had to sacrifice proper pronunciation or grammar. And he was demanding. Oh, he wasn't unreasonable or cruel; he simply felt that no matter what your best was, you should achieve it. As luck would have it, I met him again as my eighth grade math teacher. I was not, nor ever will be, gifted in math. And thirteen-year-old girls do not have the energy to devote to something like square roots  . I remember our struggles, \"I don't know the answer. I can't do it.!\" \"Perhaps you don't know the answer,\" he would say quietly. \"Do you think we might figure it out together? How do you know what you can do until you try?\" Mr. Myrus lived around the corner, and I would often stop by to talk while he worked in his wood shop. In this room of sawdust, wood chips, and the smoke from the woodburning stove, I felt respected and valued as a person. I knew there was someone who liked me for who I was, someone who, while he always wanted me to do my best, let me know that if I had really tried, that was enough. Mr. Myrus was my teacher and my friend. He taught me to be kind. He taught me my own value. He taught me about honor, about truth, and about doing my best--and that all feelings and beliefs have dignity and deserve respect. And of all the things I know, this I believe: We can't all be \"the\" best, but we can, each of us, be our best, and I know that's true because Mr. Myrus told me. \n Answer: When she was eight years old.",
            "output": [
                "When did Mr.Myrus first become the author's teacher?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-de8d80377b584a5eb5c6be03e023efae",
            "input": "Article: Sometimes two very different individuals  become the best friends. For example,, who could have thought that a spider would become friends with a pig? But in American writer E.B.White' novel Charlotte's Web, this is exactly what happens Wibur the pig grows up in a barn  and makes many friends, including a spider called Charlotte. One day a sheep tells Wibur that he will finally be served up as dinner. But Charlotte decides to save her friend. To help Wibur,Charlotte writes words like \"terrific\", \"radiant\" and \"humble\" on her web to praise Wibur. This makes the farmer believe that is too important to kill.Wibur is saved, but Charlotte is so tired that she dies. The book was first published in 1952.  In over 60 years Charlotte has become one of the most famous spiders of all time. She teaches us about love and promise. \"She is very, very loving under that crusty ,that ugly look,\"  Peter Neumeyer, writer of The Annotated Charlott's Web The book's success drew the attention of Hollywood filmmakers , however, they wanted a happier ending. White was strongly against this idea and as a result the film, like the book, ends with Charlotte's death. Jen Doll, reporter with The Atlantic, believe that \"death is a part of life\". She says this is one of the main messages of the book. As Charlotte tells Wibur, \"You have been my friend. That in itself is a wonderful thing. I wove my webs for you because I like you. After all, what's a life, anyway? We're born, we live a little while and then we die. A spider's life can't help being something of a mess , with all this trapping and eating flies. By helping you, perhaps I was trying to lift up my life a little. God knows anyone's life can stand a little of that.\" \n Answer: Charlotte is loving and helpful although she is ugly",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about the story is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8865b56e82ea4b5b9a3f56ac6a46a74b",
            "input": "Article: In American schools there is something called Homecoming Day.Many high schools and colleges with a football team have a homecoming game. This can be the most important event of the year, except for graduation.Students plan it for many weeks in advance.    Several days before Homecoming,students begin to decorate  the school.There are signs to wish luck to the team and many other signs to welcome back the graduates from other years.Many people still come to Homecoming twenty or thirty years after they graduate. The members of school clubs sell delicious foods and fruits,such as apples and sandwiches.Some clubs even help to welcome visitors. During the day people like to look for teachers that they remember from long ago.Often they see old friends and they talk together about those happy years in school.     Everyone soon comes to watch the football game. When the game is half over,the band comes onto the field and plays school songs.Another important moment is when the Homecoming Queen appears.All the students vote a most popular student Homecoming Queen or King.It is a great honor to be chosen as the Homecoming Queen or King.     Homecoming is a happy day, but it is not perfect unless the football wins the game.Even if the team loses,the students still enjoy Homecoming.Some stay at the school to dance,and others go to a party.For everyone it is a day to remember for a long,long time. \n Answer: At a stadium.",
            "output": [
                "Where do people spend Homecoming Day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f3bb075e43004902bccef8c38291bf47",
            "input": "Article: With only two weeks to go before Christmas, buying presents is a lug priority for a lot of people. However, this year not so many people are leaving their homes to browse around the shops. These days lots of people do their shopping in the comfort of their own home with the help of the Internet.     Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons: prices are often lower online, you don't have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any product imagin- able with just a few clicks of your mouse.     Computer trends are often man-dominated but this year women are expected to do more shop-ping on the Internet than men. It seems .that women are now more attracted to the convenience of on-line shopping than they used to be. Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to $240 compared to the slightly lower average $233 for men, while the average spending per person on the high street is only $197. 70% of lnternet users, male and female, are now buying their Christmas gifts online.  In the past a lot of people were unwilling to shop online. Many were worried about the security of entering their card details on the Intemet and the reliability of the Internet but as shopping; online has become more widespread, these worries have begun to disappear. 45% of Internet users still do have  security worries but it hasn't slowed the ever-increasing numbers of online shoppers.     One victim of the online shopping boom is the UK high street. Christmas trading can represent up to 60% of turnover for some stores. Many companies are concerned that not enough shoppers are coming through their doors in the run-up to Christmas. As a result there are lots of special offers in the shops. Most shops traditionally have sales after Christmas but this year the bargains have come early. \n Answer: Because it isn't convenient for them to leave their houses.",
            "output": [
                "Why don't people browse around the shops to buy Christmas presents thus year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-27e0a0788dee481890c11d5b775e636c",
            "input": "Article: Chinese writer and translator Yang Jiang died early on May 25, 2016 in Beijing at age 104. The longest-living Chinese woman writer, she was known for her modest, subtle and witty writing style. Yang became a household name in China for her novels, essays, plays and translated works. Her most popular novel, Baptism, describing a group of intellectuals   adjusting to a new society in the early 1950s, has been translated into French and English. Yang began learning Spanish in 1959 at age 48, and started to translate Don Quixote in 1962. She was the first to translate Don Quixote into Chinese. The work was stopped twice due to the \"cultural revolution\". She completed it in 1976, and the Chinese edition was published in 1978 and has sold more than 1 million copies. In that year, the Spanish king and queen visited China, and then-leader Deng Xiao-ping gave the royal couple Yang's translation as a gift. Yang was received by Deng at the Great Hall of the People. While shaking hands, Deng asked her when she had completed the translation. \"It's just published,\" she replied, having no time to tell the full story. She was married to Qian Zhongshu, a well-known scholar and author of the best-selling novel Fortress Besieged. Yang's _ about her family, The Three of Us, written after her husband and daughter died, in 1998 and 1997 respectively, was translated into German. Yang never stopped writing. At 94, she started writing the book Walking onto the Edge of Life to reflect on her life. It won China's top book award in 2007. At 100, she was still writing articles for newspapers. \n Answer: 2005",
            "output": [
                "In which did she start writing the book Walking onto the Edge of Life ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0cc9be6e9b2c4a7dade75392da9a0c9f",
            "input": "Article: TWENTY-FIVE years ago director Stephen Spielberg captured the hearts of Western audiences with his family classic.E.T.Now his Hong Kong director Stephen Chow is trying to do the same trick in China. Chow's latest movie CJ7(<<>> ),in cinemas now,is a heart-warming story about a poor migrant worker  and his son.When a strange alien enters their lives,father and son learn a lesson about the value of family.Chow hopes his movie will help to make family films more popular in China. Family films have been the main part of the Hollywood market for the last 40 years.They have given audiences movies like E.T., Indiana Jones and Jurassic Park.However, there are few of these movies in China, where expensive history films are more popular. A family film is not simply a children's movie.It is a film that is not only suitable for children, but appeals to the whole family. According to Raymound Zhou,a famous film critic,these films are rare in China because \"very few families go to the cinema together\".Because of this,there is little demand for movies that appeal to the whole family. However, in the West,it is common for the family to sit down and watch a movie together.Tim Bridges, from London,says:\"I love it at Christmas when I sit down and watch a movie with my family.\" All family films contain similar messages about being honest, remaining positive and learning there is more to life than money.According to the American movie reviewer,Dave Johnson, this is because \"When parents watch a movie,they want their children to be learning good values\". Just like when the alien in Spielberg's E.T.phones home to make contact with his family, Chow will hope Chinese audiences are tuned in and ready to receive his family movie message. \n Answer: A kind of film that is about families",
            "output": [
                "What is the family film,according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e89d745102743a79599e712b0bf9af5",
            "input": "Article: Between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago, some humans discontinued their wandering hunting and gathering and settled down to farm. Grain was the first domesticated crop that started that farming process. The oldest proven records of brewing are about 6,000 years old and refer to the Sumerians. Sumeria lay between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers including Southern Mesopotamia. It is said that the Sumerians discovered the fermentation   process by chance. No one knows today exactly how this occurred, but it could be that a piece of bread or grain became wet and a short time later, it began to ferment. The Sumerians were able to repeat this process and are assumed to be the first civilized culture to brew beer. They had discovered a \"divine drink\" which certainly was a gift from the gods. The word beer comes from the Latin word bibere, meaning \"to drink\", and the Spanish word cerveza originates from the Greek goddess of agriculture, Ceres. A vitamin-rich porridge, used daily, beer is reported to have increased health and longevity and reduced disease and malnutrition  . The self-medicating properties of alcohol-rich beer also eased the tensions and stresses of daily living in a hostile world. The use of yeast   was not yet known at that time. The success of the fermentation process was left to chance, as the brewers unknowingly relied on yeast particles in the air. Considerable scientific research took place in breweries   in the 19th century. A famous work from 1876 by Louis Pasteur was Studies Concerning Beer where he revealed his knowledge of micro-organisms. By establishing that yeast is a living microorganism, Pasteur opened the gates for accurately controlling the conversion   of sugar to alcohol. Another discovery in beer brewing was the work of Christian Hansen, a Danish scientist, who successfully isolated a single yeast cell and induced it to reproduce on an artificial culture medium. With the resulting yeast multiplication   methods, the purity of the fermenting process has been improved. \n Answer: The Sumerians.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, who was the first to brew beer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cecd60a50962422689c8e5fad1b6cdbd",
            "input": "Article: Bruce Alberts, the former President of the National Academies (USA), has now taken over as Editor-in Chief of Science. Judging by his editorial in this week's issueConsidering Science Education there could be some interesting times ahead inScience offices.     Here's part of what Bruce has to say about science education...     I consider science education to be critically important to both science and the world, and I shall frequently deal with this topic on this page. Let's start with a big-picture view. Science has greatly advanced our understanding of the natural world and has enabled the creation of countless medicines and useful devices. It has also led to behaviors that have improved lives. The public appreciates these practical benefits of science, and science and scientists are generally respected, even by those who are not familiar with how science works or what exactly it has discovered.     But society may less appreciate the advantage of having everyone acquire the ways of thinking and behaving that are central to practice of successful science: scientific habits of mind. These habits include a critical attitude toward established claims and a strong desire for logic and evidence. As famous astronomer Carl Sagan put it, science is our best detector  . Individuals and societies clearly need a means to logically test the constant clever attempts to operate our purchasing and political decisions. They also need to challenge what is unreasonable, including the intolerance that led to so many regional and global conflicts.     So how does this relate of science education? Might it be possible to encourage, across the world, scientific habits of mind, so as to create more rational   societies everywhere? In principle, a strong expansion of science education could provide the world with  _ , but only if scientists, educators, and policy-makers redefine   the goals of science education, beginning with college-level teaching. Rather than only conveying what science has discovered about the natural world, as is done now in most countries, we should provide first all students with the knowledge and practice of how to think like a scientist. \n Answer: A strong desire for evidence.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOTincluded in the \"scientific habits of mind\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5c17d1e22c3746908d898f512f714919",
            "input": "Article: On the New York set of the film Hide and Seek, ten-year-old Dakota Fanning spends her time playing a deeply disturbed girl who deals with her mother's suicide   by creating an imaginary friend, who may not frighten her family. Today, though, she has the day off. \"This week I only worked two days,\"says Fanning, sitting in a sofa in her hotel's library, \"but I get bored when I'm not working. Especially because it's cold here and I can't do anything, you know? So, I've been knitting   --- all day, every day.\"The actress, who's held her own opposite Oscar winners such as Sean Penn and Denzel Washington, recently mastered the fine art of scarves  . Though she's about ready to move on to hats, she first plans to make a souvenir   scarf for Robert De Niro, who plays her father in the film. \"He's the nicest guy you'd ever meet in your entire life,\"she says, her voice dropping to a whisper. \"I would make him a brown one.\" Like any other fifth-grader, Fanning spends several hours a day going to school. In addition to her personal trailer   --- which is kept well-supplied with hot chocolate packets, lemon Gatorade, and a TV that doesn't always work --- she has another trailer where her teacher, Jan, conducts classes in history, spelling, reading, math, science and health. \"We have this big board where we have a calendar  ,\"Fanning says. \"When we were here in January, I wrote the calendar in all blue. February was red, and March was green.\" On this particular morning, she had a spelling test. \"There was a topic for each of the word lists,\"she says, sitting on her knees. \"This one was flowers --- they were all names like oxygen, carbon dioxide, chrysanthemum  ...\"Chrysanthemum? \"Well, they didn't make me spell that one. They just had me fill in the 'e'. But I can spell it: c-h-r-y-s-a-n-t-h-e-m-u-m.\" \n Answer: Dakota Fanning is a lonely orphan.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d78cd8d722e14ce19b48d555135ab2c0",
            "input": "Article: Dr. Marie Curie is known to the world as the scientist who discovered radioactive metals i.e. Radium and Polonium. Marie Curie was a Polish physicist and chemist. Together with her husband, Pierre, she discovered two new elements and studied the x-rays they emitted. She found that the harmful properties of x-rays were able to kill tumors. By the end of World War I, Marie Curie was probably the most famous woman in the world. She had made a conscious decision, however, not to patent methods of processing radium or its medical applications. Marie Curie was born on November 7, 1867 in Poland and died on July 4, 1934. Her co-discovery with her husband Pierre Curie of the radioactive elements radium and polonium represents one of the best known stories in modern science for which they were recognized in 1901 with the Nobel Prize for Physics. In 1911, Marie Curie was honored with a second Nobel prize, this time for chemistry, to honor her for successfully isolating pure radium and determining radium's atomic weight. As a child, Marie Curie amazed people with her great memory. She learned to read when she was only four years old. Her father was a professor of science and the instruments that he kept in a glass case fascinated Marie. She dreamed of becoming a scientist, but that would not be easy. Her family became very poor, and at the age of 18, Marie became a governess. She helped pay for her sister to study in Paris. Later, her sister helped Marie with her education. In 1891, Marie attended the Sorbonne University in Paris where she met and married Pierre Curie, a well-known physicist. Marie Curie contributed greatly to our understanding of radioactivity and the effects of x-rays. She received two Nobel prizes for her brilliant work, but died of leukemia, caused by her repeated exposure to radioactive material. \n Answer: In her fifties",
            "output": [
                "When did Marie Curie win a Nobel Prize for a chemistry?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7b1d1a1934e74d76a6656fda600188ed",
            "input": "Article: While the rest of his family was happily feasting during Spring Festival, Zu Xinming, a Senior 2 student in Shaanxi province, was frowning. \"Every time my  s leave after dinner, almost half of the dishes are unfinished,\" he said, and we throw away a lot of food. Nowadays in China, food waste is a widespread problem. Each year, Chinese people throw away the equivalent   of about 50 million tons of grain, an amount which could feed 200 million people, according to Xinhua News Agency.    One reason is that people are unaware of the issue.    \"Some of my friends don't care at all when they can't finish the food on their plates,\" said Zu, \"and they even throw it away if they don't like the taste.\"    Gong Tao, an official from the Communist Youth League of China Committee of Central South University in Hunan province, is worried about the decreasing awareness of food waste on his campus in recent years.    \"Students don't know how much hard work others go through in order to provide their food,\" Gao told China Education Daily.    One deeper factor is the Chinese cultural value of \"face\". In a Chinese banquet   setting, the host feels great shame when guests' plates are empty. \"Serving lots of food is the Chinese way of showing respect to guests and displaying generosity,\" Yu Changjiang, a sociologist at Peking University, told Xinhua.     Huge public spending on government banquets is also worsening the situation. Government banquets at the taxpayer's expense   have become \"a major source of waste\", commented People's Daily.    The good news is that people are already beginning to take action. On Jan 16, 10 restaurants with 749 outlets   in Beijing joined an \"eating up\" campaign promoted by Xu Xiake, deputy director of China Land and Resources News. These restaurants have begun serving half-sized meals and small dishes.    So, how can you help reduce food waste? Discuss with your family regularly about your food preferences and how much you want to eat. Eat all of the food on your plate and in your bowl. And each week, help your parents clean the fridge so that all of the food gets eaten before it goes to waste. \n Answer: In Chinese culture, people show their welcome by serving lots of food.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-59a31a6f5a544109bd9b0777d32bfd29",
            "input": "Article: Beginning college is exciting: new ideas to explore, new challenges to meet and many decisions to make.Your future begins here. However, you will find college life is different from your previous school environment. Many of us can be easily overwhelmed by the details of running a well-balanced life.While some of us may have the _ , I guess there are more of us who can benefit from learning about the experiences of others who have walked the college halls before you. The following you may find of use about life on campus. * Plan well.There are so many new things to do at a new college or university.Give yourself time to make new friends and become familiar with the campus, but don't forget why you are there.Give some time for social activities and manage your time wisely. * If you don't have a \"system\" for planning your time now(like a day timer, a computer data book), get one.Most of all, don't depend on your memory. * Don't miss the guidelines.The restrictions, rules and regulations of all kinds can usually be found in your student handbook.Consider them well-balanced food for thought.What dates are important? What pieces of paper need to be handed in? What can/ can't you do in class? What can/ can't you do in your student residence? Who has right for what? What do you need to complete to graduate? * Write the word \"STUDY\" on the walls of our bedroom and bathroom, and maybe it will help to write it on a piece of paper and stick it on the telephone, TV and the kitchen table.Consider this--you are paying thousands of dollars for your courses. You pay every time you have to repeat or replace a course. * Build your identity.This is the time for you to decide what to do and what not to do.Take as much time as you need to explore new ideas.Do not be afraid of the beyond.This is learning to make good choices. \n Answer: To persuade you to go to college.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f3abc19869664b38a52459cf15227615",
            "input": "Article: Car are necessary in our daily life. In moden society we even can't go without cars. Therefore,car servicing becomes something that every car owner has to experience at least some have the servicing done methtxJically according to your car maker. Considerthis: Your car is uo and running smoothly but the mileage figures indicate that you need to have it serviced. Certainly, this is the right thing to do, but have you wondered what actually goes in to make you pay that servicing bill every 6 months?  Servicing your car is a simple DIT( Do It Yourself) job that you can learn quickly and easily save some good money.  If you have never serviced your car before personally, here're the servicing basics:  Car servicing essentially means inspecting the car thoroughly for any damaged components, and replacing some parts regulariy that wear out over time. If you review carefully it is certainly possible to do all this by yourself, as below: You will need a complete set of tools as provided by your car maker when you purchased the vehice. This will usually consist of all the spanners  that you might need. Completely servicing your car will need a few hours but you will end up saving a lot of money. Besides, it's fun too and a lot of learning. \n Answer: To have your car serviced at service station.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best way to service your car?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e44d27b226c4ae091ccc8d911e8302d",
            "input": "Article: Vacation is a time for refreshment. In work, we are often called to think. Sometimes, it's good to give our brains a rest. Without a break, we may not be able to perform up to our potential. This can be a problem, not only for the employee, but for the employer as well. \"The main benefit of vacation is for the worker to come back energized,\" says Weaver. \"If they haven't had a break, then they're not coming back with new energy. They haven't had a chance to step back and get perspective  , and come back with renewed enthusiasm.\" Long working hours without a break, insecurity   about one's job, and other work-related worries can lead to burnout and stress. Humans can usually adapt to pressure, but not for a limitless amount of time. \"It is a problem of relating good workers and having them loyal to the firm while they're _ ,\" says David Maume, PhD, professor of sociology at the University of Cincinnati. He says burnout can also affect employees' productivity, creativity, and effectiveness. In addition, high levels of stress are likely to be precursors   to depression, which can hit both the employer and employee's pocketbook. Even people who manage to remain productive at work can have problems. If they're always at work, then they're not with their family and friends. If they're working while on vacation, for the time that they're on the job, they're not really present. An unbalanced emphasis on work can strain family and social life. When you come up for air, you may see that you're alone, or that your relationships have gone on without you. \n Answer: The worker can come back with new energy.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main benefit of a vacation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-677f914b7e654fd5987cee638fc48e37",
            "input": "Article: I never thought I would have a life-changing experience at Wal-Mart. Although my thoughts were only on speed, the checkout line I was standing in wasn't moving as quickly as I wanted, and I glanced toward the cashier. There stood a man in his seventies, wearing glasses and a nice smile. I thought, well, he's an old guy! For the next few minutes I watched him. He greeted every customer before scanning the items. Sure, his words were the usual, \"How's it going?\" But he did something different--he actually listened to people. Then he would respond to what they had said and engage them in brief conversation. I thought it was odd. I has grown accustomed to people asking me how I was doing simply out of robotic conversational habit. After a while, you don't give any thought to the question and just mumble something back. I could say, \"I just found out I have six months to live,\" and someone would reply, \"Have a great day!\" But that wasn't the end. He gave them the change, walked around the counter, and extended his right hand in an act of friendship. He looked the customers in the eyes. \"I sure want to thank you for shopping here today,\" he told them. \"You have a great day. Bye-bye.\" The looks on the faces of the customers were priceless. There were smiles and some sheepish grins. All had been touched by his simple gesture--and in a place they never expected. They would gather their things and walk out, smiling. Of course, he did the same to me and I got to know his name--Marty. Who was that guy? It was as if Sam Walton had come back from the dead and invaded this old guy's body. I had never walked away from that shop feeling like that. \n Answer: They were in some way moved.",
            "output": [
                "What was most customers' reaction to Marty's behavior?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ef946c5311804a13b3ade1ea1216bd9c",
            "input": "Article: In an ideal world,people would not test medicines on animals. Such experiments are stressful and sometimes painful for animals,and expensive and timeconsuming for people. Yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge vast gaps in medical knowledge. That is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year. Europe,on the whole,has the world's most restrictive  laws on animal experiments. Even so,its scientists use some 12 million animals a year,most of them mice and rats,for medical research. Official statistics show that just 1.1 million animals are used in research in America each year. But that is misleading. The American authorities do not think mice and rats are worth counting and,as these are the most common laboratory animals,the true figure is much higher. Japan and China have even less comprehensive  data than America. Now Europe is reforming the rules governing animal experiments by restricting the number of animals used in labs. Alternatives to animal testing,such as using human tissue or computer models,are now strongly recommended. In addition,sharing all research results freely should help to reduce the number of animals for scientific use. At present,scientists often share only the results of successful experiments. If their findings do not fit the hypothesis  being tested,the work never sees the light of day. This practice means wasting time,money,and animals' lives in endlessly repeating the failed experiments. Animal experimentation has taught humanity a great deal and saved countless lives. It needs to continue,even if that means animals sometimes suffer. Europe's new measures should eventually both reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which scientific research is conducted. \n Answer: Scientists should be required to share their research results with each other.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-403eb44d4f44430fbb9a5fd38cafc797",
            "input": "Article: Do you want to work with people, animals or machines? Do you want to work indoors or outdoors, directly serve people in need or serve people  behind the scenes? These are the typical questions that volunteer service agencies would ask. Every year, thousands of people in the west offer volunteer service. Volunteering greatly strengthens the community because it helps the old, the young, the weak, the sick, the disabled and the injured to overcome difficulties. Volunteers usually help in many different ways. They may give people advice, offer friendship to the young , drive the elderly to church, counsel kids against drugs, work as assistants in schools or nursing homes, raise funds, plant trees, help out in local libraries and do many other things. Volunteering can be a few hours a week or a few hours a month. Anybody who wants to serve people in need can become a volunteer. The art of volunteering is a process of both giving and receiving. Volunteering allows volunteers to meet new people, make new friends and mix with people from all walks of life. Volunteering is an excellent way to experiment,practice and try out new techniques and skills,discover your individual talents and explore career choice. Being a volunteer will take individuals on a wonderful journey and help them learn many important things beyond their school learning. \n Answer: Who Can Be a Volunteer",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-007e0fd55e6a40eeaa6af0be8d707020",
            "input": "Article: We live in a very competitive world. Everybody seems to be competing with someone at some level. Each week we spend hours playing or watching others compete in sporting activities all over the world. We cannot help being impressed by the level of excellence that these people achieve. In sport and business, competition encourages excellence in performance. Where there is no competition, improvement in performance is less likely. Some level of competition is a have-to in all aspects of life. The following story makes this point. As two friends are hiking in the forest they come across a huge, ferocious and obviously hungry bear. Its next meal has just come into sight, and they are it! The first friend calculates that the bear will catch them in 27.3 seconds. At that point, she panics, realizing there is no escape. She faces her friend, with the fear of death in her eyes. To her amazement, she observes that her friend is not scared at all. On the contrary, her friend is quickly but calmly taking off her hiking boots and putting on running shoes. \"What do you think you're doing?\" the first hiker says to her companion. \"You'll never be able to run faster than that bear\". \"That's true,\" says the companion, \"but all I have to do is escape, faster than you.\" We all compete when the motivation is strong enough. However, competition is not the real purpose of life. Fulfilling the measure of our creation can only be achieved individually. Most of time, we are not in competition with any other person, so we do not have to compare ourselves with others. There is only one person that can fulfill our role and that is us. This means that others cannot beat us to the finish line because there is no race. This is not to say that others do not have a similar role to us, but it is never the same. This is important to understand if we are going to enjoy life. Every human being is unique and cannot be cloned. In this, I am not referring to the body, only to the spirit, soul, or the essence of a person. \n Answer: To persuade people to beat others, even friends.",
            "output": [
                "Why is the story of two friends told in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3a28e24f74744e3d9e32433ccb62cd38",
            "input": "Article: EDGEWOOD-EVERY morning at Dixie Heights High School, customers pour into a special experiment; the district's first coffee run mostly by students with special learning needs. Well before classes start, students and teachers order Lattes Cappuccinos and Hot Chocolates. Then, durning the first period teachers call in orders on their room phones, and students make deliveries. By closing tome  at 9.20 a.m., the shop usually sells 90 drinks. \"Whoever made the chi tea, Ms. Schatzman says it was good,\" Christy McKinley, a second year student, announced recently, after hanging up with the teacher. The shop is called the Dixie PIT, which stands for Power in Transition. Although some of the students are not disabled, many are, and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school. They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs. They keep a timecard and receive paychecks, which they keep in check registers. Special-education teachers Kim Chevalier and Sue Casey introduced the Dixie PIT from a similar program at Kennesaw Mountain High School in Georgia. Not that it was easy. Chevalier's first problem to overcome was product-related. Should school be selling coffee? What about sugar content? Kenton County Food Service Director Ginger Gray helped. She made sure all the drinks, which use non fat milk, fell within nutrition  guidelines. The whole school has joined in to help. Teachers agreed to give up their lounge  in the mornings. Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall. Business students designed the paychecks.  The basketball team helped pay for cups. \n Answer: A special educational program.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-79e9d0dbd8f543288f88da2b2ef10011",
            "input": "Article: In addition to writing articles and books, Mark Twain delighted the audience with his public lectures about the faraway places he visited on his travels. People were eager to learn about his trips to places like the Sandwich Islands (now Hawaii), Egypt and the Holy Land. Twain often used the fees he earned from his lectures to pay for more adventures. His well-attended performances also served to bring attention to his published work. At that time, the public lecture was a very popular form of entertainment, and audiences' expectations ran high, but Twain never failed to amuse them. Twan also wrote on amusing subjects. In 1873, he released a book called The Gilded Age. The book was a satire of the very wealthy of the time. A satire is a work that makes fun of bad human behavior, such as wasteful spending. Twain made people laugh at the excesses of the rich. In 1889, Twain took on other members of the Establishment. He wrote A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, about a boy who travels back to the time of King Arthur. Twain made fun of those who were given advantages not because they had earned them but because of their family connections. If you have never read any of Mark Twain's works, try reading A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, or The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. They will make you laugh. \n Answer: He supported those who succeeded with the help of others.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about Mark Twain from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-10f8173cd5fa4c299eea962e33d8d6e2",
            "input": "Article: Most young people enjoy some forms of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling, swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some forms--football, basketball, hockey, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering. Those who have a _ for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks in high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure. Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as others, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods. If we compare mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a \"team game\". We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no \"matches\" between \"teams\" of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork. The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities. A mountain climber continues to improve in skills year by year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty. But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they perhaps climb with more skills and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment. \n Answer: Skiing and skating.",
            "output": [
                "What sports are popular among people in winter in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-44afe1aa44e74b0684ba7dc2c76fa3f0",
            "input": "Article: We bet that on cold wintry days, many of you love to stay in your warm home and, every now and then, come out into the kitchen for a snack. Unfortunately, plenty of creepy-crawly critters like to do the same thing!     Winter is the time when bugs invade your house without an invitation. The season can be tough for such creatures. In winter the air is cold, the ground is hard and many trees have no leaves. So bugs do what they have to do to survive.     Monarch butterflies head south to warmer climates. Ants crowd in deep underground colonies and eat food they have been storing all year. Many insects go into a deep sleep called diapause. There're different kinds of diapause, but all are similar to hibernation, a time when bigger animals become inactive in the cold. Insects go into an inactive period, too, but it often isn't when the temperature drops.     They rely on more dependable signals in the environment. For example, many insects can tell how much sunlight there's each day. They use that to tell themselves when to shut down. Bugs are cold-blood-ed, meaning that their inside temperature is the same as the outside. They can't move much when it gets below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. So they search for any warm place.     They're looking for protection. These guys have been doing this for 300 million years, so they don't really know they're coming into your house. The home is a recent event in terms of their evolutionary behav-ior. They enter through tiny cracks or come in unnoticed on your clothes or shoes. Remember that they may be invading your homes for warmth and food, but they don't care about humans. \n Answer: It is a deep sleep similar to hibernation.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, what is diapause?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5dcd23a8300443d1861066522785cfcd",
            "input": "Article: Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for relatives and friends. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten. In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men's house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband's portion to the men's house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies. Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage. In many New Guinea societies, like that of the Lese on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders, marriage is symbolized by the couple's eating together for the first time. Eating symbolizes their new status as a married couple. In U.S. society, it is just the reverse. A couple may go out to dinner on a first date. Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, members of a family group, arc not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their ancestor. Since they believe themselves to be children of that ancestor, it would be like eating that ancestor or eating themselves. There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extreme form in the caste (social class) system of India. A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a different economic specialization. In India, there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution. Members of highly ranked groups can be polluted by coming into contact with the bodily secretions, particularly saliva ,of individuals of lower-ranked castes. Because of the fear of pollution, Brahmans and other high-ranked individuals will not share food with, not eat from the same plate as, not even accept food from an individual or from a low-ranking class. \n Answer: Newly-married people on the island of New Ireland.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, who will NOT eat together?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ef6efd4c24dd4833af8896fe5acce08c",
            "input": "Article: Life on land probably began about 430 million years ago, though it has existed in the water for perhaps as much as 3,000 million years. When we think of the first thing on land, we probably think of strange animals coming out of the oceans, but in fact no animals could have been living if plants had not been on land first. Plants had to be on land before animals arrived. They supplied the first land animals with the surrounding and food necessity, since they, the plants, are the only form of life that is able to get and store energy. The first plants to exist out of the water were probably certain kinds of algae which were followed by other plants that grew close to the ground and needed water in which to reproduce. Once the move to land had been made, however, evolution took place quickly. By the end of 100 million years, plants had developed their roots ,and some had got tree -like forms since height was very important in gaining sunlight. About 300 million years ago, much of the world was covered with forests of huge trees. In most ways they were like modern trees. They had roots, leaves, wood, but mostly they had not developed seeds. \n Answer: Algae has existed for more than 430 million years.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e3b05b76d85e4884ad1916e40c8672b8",
            "input": "Article: Most of the news in the newspapers is bad but sometimes there is a story with good news. This is one of those stories. Millions of people around the world suffer from AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and other serious diseases. There are medicines to treat these diseases but for people in poor countries, these medicines are too expensive to buy. When a pharmaceutical company produces a new medicine, they receive a special license called a _ This license means that the new medicine or drug is protected for a period of 20 years. The company that produced the drug can fix the price of the drug and no other company is allowed to produce the same drug or a copy of the drug for 20 years. At the moment, these patents operate all over the world, both in rich countries and in poor countries. The drugs companies say that they need patents so that they can get the money to pay for research to find new drugs and medicines. In rich countries people usually have enough money to pay for these drugs but in poor countries people can't afford to buy them and cannot treat diseases like AIDS and malaria. Last month, however, a group of experts published a report which says that patents are very bad for poor countries. The report says that drug companies do not want to find new medicines for diseases of poor people in poor countries. It says that poor countries should be allowed to buy cheap drugs without patents from other countries.     The authors of the report were lawyers, scientists and a senior director from the drug company Pfizer. Of course, the pharmaceuticals industry doesn't agree with the report, \"We need patents so that we can develop new medicines to fight disease both in the developed and developing world,\" said a spokesman. But the report is the first sign that there might be a change in the patent system. This change could save millions of lives in the world's poorest countries. This really is good news. \n Answer: They are protected by patents.",
            "output": [
                "Why are medicines expensive for people in poor countries?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0febd84f5e6d490bbc52917dfc33035c",
            "input": "Article: What is most likely to affect your success at school or at a job? The ability to read. And that goes for your kids too. The declining literacy  of our society has been a main concern of educators for a while now, and yet things are not getting better. In most cases, how well we learn to read will depend largely on our exposure  to language as children. If we hear people around us talking about all kinds of subjects as children, we naturally pick up the words and phrases they use. If we pick up a lot of words, we will learn to read better. Much of the traditional advice to struggling readers, theses days, seems to include developing \"cognitive strategies\" . In this way, readers are asked to centre more, to think, to be interested and ask questions, to analyze, to predict, to reason, and to check their understanding, or worse still to answer questions of what they have read. In other words they are asked to become self-conscious  readers. I do not agree with this approach. Here are my several strategies for reading improvement. Read about things that interest you. If you are interested in what you are reading about, the words will come alive, and you will understand better. The more you read, the better you will become at reading. Just get started and it will become a habit, as long as you are interested in what you are reading. Read material that is at your level or just a little difficult for you. Read material that you find easy to read, or just a little challenging. Looking up many unknown words in a dictionary is dull, and the results of the dictionary search are quickly forgotten.  _  If you can hear the new words and phrases that you are reading, you will have an easier time understanding and remembering them. Hearing the rhythm of someone reading a text will help your own reading. Don't worry about what you don't understand. Most of your reading should be for pleasure. You can still enjoy reading without understanding all of what you read. You may even understand some things in your own personal way. Unfortunately not all reading is just for pleasure. When you are reading a textbook or report or other material for school, you may need to underline, take notes and read some parts over again. However, if you have developed the habit of reading for pleasure, you will find that the skills you need will come naturally, and that you will understand a lot better than before. \n Answer: Listen first if you have trouble reading.",
            "output": [
                "Which sentence is best to be filled in the blank in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19156d5c872340cea60f3bfe24599033",
            "input": "Article: Great Yarmouth is an English seaside town situated at the mouth of the River Yare, about 120 miles to the northeast of London. Around 5 million people visit Great Yarmouth every year, making it one of Britain's most popular seaside resorts. Formerly the home of one of the most profitable fishing industries, Great Yarmouth is a busy and very popular seaside resort. Undoubtedly, one of the most popular attractions is Great Yarmouth Pleasure Beach, a historic free entry pleasure park, which draws annually 1.5 million visitors. The two piers , Britannia Pier and Wellington Pier, both contain family-orientated entertainment. As well as the usual thrills one would expect on a classic British seafront, Great Yarmouth also has a quieter side, with a fascinating heritage quarter to explore. Not many people know that Great Yarmouth has the most complete city walls after York, with heritage walks to help you discover this medieval   attraction along with several museums and houses dating back to many centuries. If ghost walks are more your cup of tea, Eerie Tales and Yarmouth Yarns is the tour for you. Great Yarmouth is also a centre for the North Sea oil and gas industry and increasingly for offshore wind power. The Great Yarmouth Outer Harbour is a huge development currently taking place which can see larger ships coming to the town. The Great Yarmouth Maritime  Festival in September each year celebrates Great Yarmouth's maritime heritage. Over the past few years, Great Yarmouth has seen significant construction spending to improve and modernize the popular seafront area and to ensure it is linked to the town centre. Regent Road has a brilliant ceiling of light which is lit up in the evenings and is now a lovely street leading from the town centre to the seafront area. \n Answer: The visitors must love peace.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer about the tour of the heritage area?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6638675c026c4713ae9e926c67448806",
            "input": "Article: When I worked as a waitress in Chicago, US, my coworkers and I would sigh whenever we heard someone with a foreign accent coming into our restaurant. We knew what it meant to serve a non-American: no tip. We would work just as hard as we always did, but we might not get paid. Americans have an unspoken rule about tipping: they give tips to almost everyone who offers them a service of some kind. Americans tip their waiters, barbers and taxi drivers. An appropriate tip is between 15 and 20 percent of the amount charged for the service (But the charge for the tip doesn't appear on the bill. The customer is expected to add it himself/herself.) Tipping less than this sends a message to your waiters that you think they've done a bad job serving you. And to leave no tip at all is simply unacceptable. It's not that American waiters are greedy. In many countries, waiters are paid a salary for their work. They'll earn money even if no one comes into the restaurant. This system offers much more safety for waiters than the American version. In the US, waiters know that a night without customers means a night without pay. Some countries include a tip for waiters - a \"service charge\" - on the bill itself. Since the tip is included with the other charges, waiters don't need to worry about people forgetting to tip. But in the US, waiters do not receive a salary, and service charges only appear on bills when there are six or more customers at the table. Since almost all American customers are familiar with the system, they know to add a tip without being told. But visitors to the US may expect waiters to be paid a salary, or think that the tip is included on the bill. So much as we waiters loved hearing stories about other places from our foreign customers, we were always nervous when they got ready to leave the restaurant. We were never sure what to expect. \n Answer: $230",
            "output": [
                "If you order $200 worth of food, which of the following is a proper total payment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-043b08b7fd584581ab73ca5bd7e25056",
            "input": "Article: I told my friend Graham that I often cycle two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route. He replied, \"You mean fortunately.\" He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided. My attitude to the hill has now changed. I used to _ as I approached it but now I tell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs. It will help me to lose weight and get fit. It will mean that I live longer. This hill is my friend. Finally I comfort myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationery exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for free. I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill. Problems are there to be faced and overcome. We cannot achieve anything with an easy life. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree. Her activism and writing proved inspirational. She wrote, \"Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experiences of trial and suffering can vision be cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved.\" One of the key factors of success in life is our attitude towards adversity  . From time to time we all face hardships, problems, accidents, afflictions and difficulties. Some are of our making but many confront us through no fault of our own. While we cannot choose the adversity we can choose our attitude towards it. Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accident. He was determined to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying aces in the Battle of Britain with 22 aerial victories over the Germans. He was an inspiration to others during the war. He said, \"Don't listen to anyone who tells you that you can't do this or that. That's nonsense. Make up your mind, and you'll never use crutches   or a stick, and then have a go at evening. Go to school, and join in all the games you can. Go anywhere you want to. But never, never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible.\" The biographies of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they faced. The common thread is that they did not become depressed. They chose their attitude. They chose to be positive. They took on the challenge. They won. Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity. \n Answer: People's attitude towards adversity is the only factor that determines whether they will succeed.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the author of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c665420e4d3a4ac2bd5906e7ffed99e0",
            "input": "Article: It's really a tough job for automakers doing marketing and sales in China, where competition is acute and customers have little loyalty. They have tried a range of tricks in recent years. But there should be a moral bottom line. Unfortunately, a Buick dealership used the tragedy of a two-month-old infant to advertise its cars last week on Weibo - Micro blog. And Hyundai Motor followed suit. On March 4, an SUV was stolen with the infant left inside alone in the northeastern city of Changchun. The news spread widely on Weibo after the baby's father called the local police and radio station for help. The next day it was revealed that the infant was choked to death and buried in snow by the thief. The online community expressed its deeply felt sympathy and condolences. The Buick dealership posted a photo of the baby and two of its cars on its official Weibo account to advertise its GPS system that can locate the stolen car. \"A few thoughts on the Changchun stolen car and baby incident: when buying a car it's entirely OK to choose a brand with advanced technology,\" said the post. Though the post was made before tragic fate of the infant was known, the action generated a storm of outrage on Weibo. Some online commentators said it is \"marketing at the cost of lives\" and \"extremely _ .\" Worse was the post on Hyundai's official Weibo account that advertised the anti - theft system on its new SUV Santa Fe, an entry made after the child was known to have died. The action also enraged micro bloggers. Both posts were soon deleted. The Buick dealership made an apology on Weibo to the family of the victim and the public. But screenshots saved by users continued to be posted and the negative impact on both brands persists. The two brands probably didn't expect such a firestorm of fury from the Internet community, but they really made a big mistake sinking below the moral bottom line. They certainly ruined their own brand images. The Chinese have the same proverb as the English language - a little leak will sink a great ship. It takes decades to build the great ship of a respectable brand but it can take just a moment of negligence to make it fail completely. For those in corporate marketing, two lessons should be learned: first, be careful in the era of social media when one wrong can be easily magnified and have disastrous impacts in just a few clicks. Second and more importantly, think with your brain and heart. Never break the moral bonds of respect for human life and sympathy for our fellow man. \n Answer: Not clear",
            "output": [
                "Who is to blame for the tragedy of Changchun infant according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2674b708bb1545b5b37272f5af62f45f",
            "input": "Article: You have probably read the books. You have probably seen the movies. But have you heard the music? The latest Harry Potter news is that bands form to play what is called \"wizard rock\" or sometimes just \"wrock\". The new kind of music began when Joe De George and his brother Paul decided that the characters from Harry Potterwould make a great band. Ron on guitar, Hermione on bass, Hagrid on drums and Harry singing up front would make for an excellent group. In one day, the brothers wrote, rehearsed and performed six songs about life at Hogwarts. After the first performance, Paul decided that \"we are Harry and the potters.\" Wizard rock is pretty much what it sounds like: rock \"n\" rock inspired by and set in the world of Harry Potter. The De George started a trend. Today there are dozens of wizard-rock bands: the Whomping Willows, the Remus Lupins and the Moaning Myrtles to name a few. Rockers dress like Hogwarts students and play at conventions and festivals.  People who like Harry Potter think wizard rock music is totally _ . The songs can be funny, but the music is not a joke. Just ask the De George brothers. They've played more than 500 shows in 49 states and their hit songs are inspired by characters fromHarry Potter: \"Save Ginny Weasley\" and \"Voldemort Can't Stop the Rock!\" The themes of their music are the same as those of Rowling's books: love and friendship, upset and struggle. Wizard rock is just one more by-product in the Harry Pottercraze. Two years after J.K. Rowling published her last book in the series, Potter popularity continues to grow. There are Potter conventions and Potter clubs that try to get kids and grow-ups to help fight hunger, for example. And the fact that they may do it while humming \"Wizard Chess\" or \"Platform 9\" makes those meetings fun. \n Answer: Joe and Paul's band.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0d4e33adec334810b3930101301a7893",
            "input": "Article: Cell phone use and texting are increasingly common, especially among teens. And that could be a problem. Texting affects learning and performing on test, a new study finds. So a Montana teen, Colin decided to test that. They asked 47 classmates to take part in a two-part experiment. The goal was to test how well these students understood written material. Each one had to read a paragraph or two about a certain topic, then answer questions about it. In the first part, the participants had 15 minutes to understand and then answer questions about six readings. Throughout this test, they met no distractions. During a new set of readings, the brothers sent messages to the participants' cell phones every 90 seconds. In each message, there were questions that required a reply. Participants should have scored better on the second test because it was easier. In fact, they scored worse when distracted by messages. Only a few students scored as well when replying to messages as they did when undistracted. But importantly, nobody performed better during the texting part. The brothers presented details of their findings at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. Boys and girls scored equally poorly while texting, the brothers noticed. Older participants didn't do any better than younger ones. And it didn't matter if a student thought he was good at multitasking. On average, the brothers found that even students who were confident of their abilities did just as poorly while texting. Surprisingly, even though the students remembered less of what they read while texting, most of them answered questions in messages perfectly. \"Our teachers are very happy to see these results,\" says Coler. The teens' new data strongly support their teachers' opinion that texting while studying is a serious distraction. \n Answer: The effect of texting differs from person to person.",
            "output": [
                "What did Colter and Colin want to test?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-16802bc55c5c4c309618a268a56db75b",
            "input": "Article: (2013*II,B)In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music,dance and theatre in Edinburgh.The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War. It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness,Richard Burton,Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras .It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly. At the same time,the \"Fringe\" appeared as a challenge to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947,in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform,and they did so in a public house disused for years. Soon,groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University,and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge,Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by littleknown writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh. Today the\"Fringe\",once less recognized,has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre,music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.And yet as early as 1959,with only 19 theatre groups performing,some said it was getting too big. A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971,and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself.In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries.More than 1.25 million tickets were sold. \n Answer: To bring Europe together again.",
            "output": [
                "What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9c5cb51687c84375871cbad73b1a1254",
            "input": "Article: The hole in the Earth's ozone layer  has until now protected Antarctic from the worst effects of global warming, but scientists have warned that as the hole closes up in the next few decades, temperatures on the continent could rise by around 3degC on average, with melting ice contributing to a global sea level increase of up to 1.4 meters. In the past decades the western Antarctic has seen rapid ice loss as the world has warmed, but the other parts of the continent have, , been cooling, resulting in a 10% increase in ice in the seas around the region. This is because the hole in the ozone layer has increased cold winds in Antarctic, making much of the continent surface colder than usual. But now that the gases that cause the ozone hole have been banned, scientists expect the hole to repair itself within the next 50 to 60 years. By then the cooling effect will have faded out and the Antarctic will face the full impact of global warming. This means an increase in average air temperatures of around 3degC and a reduction in sea ice by around a third. The biggest threat to the continent comes from warming seas. Robert Johnson, a scientist who monitors Antarctic ice sheets, said, \"The ice sheets in Antarctic are hundreds of meters thick. But once warm ocean waters start flowing underneath, the ice will begin thinning and could break up very quickly.\" Thinning ice sheets cause ice to break away from the continent and to melt even faster. Escaping ice from western Antarctic has already resulted in a 10% rise in global sea level in recent decades. Johnson believes that international action to reduce global warming is required immediately or it may be too late. \"Everything is connected----Antarctic may be a long way away but it is an important part of the Earth's system,\" said Johnson. \"It contains 90% of the world's ice, 70% of the world's fresh water and that is enough, if it melts completely, to raise sea levels by 63 meters.\" Even in a worse-case situation scientists don't expect the ice to entirely disappear, but predict that, because of the melting ice sheets, average sea level rise will be around 1.4 meters higher by the end of the century. \n Answer: It is making much of the continent colder.",
            "output": [
                "What is the effect of the hole in the ozone layer on Antarctic?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b86224a369c942e0bdac6dba7da766cd",
            "input": "Article: The energy crisis has made people aware of how the careless use of the earth's energy has brought the whole world to the edge of disaster. The over-development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more traveling, has contributed to the near-destruction of our cities and the pollution not only of local air but also of the earth's atmosphere. Our present situation is unlike natural disasters of the past. Worldwide energy use has brought us to a state where long-range planning is vital. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems. This country has been failing back under the continuing exposures of loss of morality and the revelation  that lawbreaking has reached into the highest place in the land. There is a strong demand for morality to turn for the better and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own benefits that people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly. This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other people of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course and to employ new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity. To grasp it, we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis we and the world are facing is no passing inconvenience, no byproduct of the ambitions of the oil-producing countries, no environmentalists' only fears, no byproduct of any present system of government. What we face is the result of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the world's children and future generation. \n Answer: The rapid growth of motors.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following has nearly destroyed our cities?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-578dd8a16f5b494f8e7fefdc7c084ac0",
            "input": "Article: World Book Day is a celebration of all things wonderful about books for all ages, with author events, school fancy-dress parades and a PS1 book token given to all school children under 18. It is a yearly event on 23rd April, organized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) to promote reading. In the United Kingdom, the day is recognized on the first Thursday in March. On 3rd March 2016 children of all ages in the UK will come together to appreciate reading. Sometimes, reading a modern novel can be tough ( Booker Prize winner The Luminaries runs to 832 pages! ), especially if reading is not your strong suit. In fact, one in six people in the UK never pick up a book because they've experienced difficulties or are out of the habit of reading for pleasure. The Galaxy Quick Reads series are designed to introduce reluctant readers to bestselling short funny novels, which bring the joy of reading without demanding hours of concentrated time. They cover a range of subjects, from romance to comedy. Jojo Moyes's Paris For One is a romantic adventure in which 26-year-old Nell books a weekend away to Paris with her lazy, neglectful boyfriend. When he fails to turn up, she is alone in the city. That is, until she meets Fabien, who shows her the charms of the French capital -- in more ways than one. Adele Geras's moving story Out In The Dark was set in World War I, in which young Rob came back from the battlefields. Determined to find the officer's widow to return the photo of her and their daughter that the captain kept with him, he traveled several thousand miles but never gave up. Dead Man Talking is a fantastic tale of Pat, who had a terrible fight with his best friend, Joe, ten years ago -- but now hears that Joe is dead, and he must attend his funeral. But Joe is not going quietly that very night -- he's lying in his coffin being very chatty indeed. \n Answer: To encourage reading.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main aim of the World Book Day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5b61099d99e0470d9b9b43454ab33b6a",
            "input": "Article: As most people know, in the past few years, sandstorms have swept across many cities and areas of North China, polluting the air and disturbing daily lives of human beings. People look dirty and suffer many kinds of illnesses, such as breath difficulty. The sandstorm is such a serious problem that it has not only _ the industrial and agricultural development of our country but also caused a lot of trouble to the living conditions of the Chinese people. It is expected that effective  measures should be taken as soon as possible through our joint efforts to limit its occurrence. So what should we do with the frightening sandstorms? Some experts put forward practical suggestions as follows: For one thing, more funs ought to be put into tree planting and forest protection so as to keep more water resources within the surface of the earth. For another, governments of all countries should make laws on environmental protection.For example, banning the use of throw-away chopsticks and punishing illegal tree cutting. Scientists should also study and find ways to cut down the degree of its destruction and to improve the whole environment. How people look forward to sunny days with little breeze touching their faces now and forever! Nevertheless, I am fully confident that the golden days can come back so long as everyone tried his best to protect natural environment from today on. \n Answer: 2",
            "output": [
                "How many ways do some experts put forward to fight against sandstorm?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8cb621b15b744b5486adb299e7086ba6",
            "input": "Article: Larry was on another of his underwater expeditions but this time, it was different. He decided to take his daughter along with him. She was only ten years old. This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for. Larry first began diving when he was his daughter's age. Similarly, his father had taken him along on one of his expeditions. Since then, he had never looked back. Larry started out by renting diving suits from the small diving shop just along the shore. He had hated them. They were either too big or too small. Then, there was the instructor. He gave him a short lesson before allowing him into the water with his father. He had made an exception. Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide. Children his age were not even allowed to dive. After the first expedition, Larry's later diving adventures only got better and better. There was never a dull moment. In his black and blue suit and with an oxygen tank fastened on his back, Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean. Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search. Sometimes, he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him. At least, he was still able to take photographs of the underwater creatures. Larry's first expedition without his father was in the Cayman Islands. There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them. Fortunately for him, a man offered to take him around the different Spots for free. _ The diving spots afforded such a wide array of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty varieties of creatures. Larry looked at his daughter. She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age. He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition. Already, she looked like she was much braver than had been then. This was the key to a successful underwater expedition. \n Answer: His daughter would dive with him.",
            "output": [
                "In what way was this expedition different for Larry?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c140d3ffe17c48b38b67e5b95f284bc4",
            "input": "Article: Learn To Speak French With Rocket French! Who Wants to Learn to Speak French Fluently in the Shortest Possible Time? If You Answered \"I Do!\" Then Please Read on to Try My FREE 6-Day French Course  Why do you want to learn to speak French?  Do you live in a French speaking country and want to communicate better?  Are you traveling to a French speaking country?  Are you a home-schooled student or a parent who wants their children to learn more quickly and easily?  Are you a student who wants to get an A in French?  Have you learned French before and want a fun refresher course  ?  Or, perhaps you just have an interest in learning the language of love! I've designed Rocket French Premium to be the easiest to follow, fastest system for learning how to speak French available. Rocket French Premium is an interactive course that makes you want to study. Also, it's practical. You are going to be able to speak at a restaurant, at an airport, and with new friends!  It's a great experience to be able to speak with others in a different language. You will be able to enter into a different culture, a different world! Being bilingual   is a very special ability, and it's a gift that we want to give to you. So are you ready to get to know the secret of learning a new language? You're looking right at it.  Try our free six-day course. If you don't, you'll be missing a valuable opportunity to see just how much Rocket French Premium can improve your language level. Thousands of people worldwide have used our unique multimedia course to  _ their French learning, while having piles of fun in the process. Will you be next? Your e-mail address is required for you to receive the FREE course. You can unsubscribe   any time and your e-mail address will never be given to any third party. \n Answer: Students of the French language.",
            "output": [
                "Who are target learners of Rocket French Premium?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2e9e89d180744016ac89b63f320434bb",
            "input": "Article: One important attraction of walking is its long-lasting appeal. Whereas jogging and aerobic dancing can _ quickly, walking provides a popular activity that seems to endure. Fitness foundations estimate that 35 million adult Americans walk for exercise every day, with at least 15 million walking two or three times a week. Among the most regular walkers are those 65 years and older--evidence that walking is an exercise that lasts. In addition to its many physical benefits, walking, like other physical activities, has a comforting effect on the psyche. Walking can help you to think more clearly and feel more relaxed. It also can be a sociable activity. An early morning walk around the neighborhood provides an opportunity to chat with friends or simply admire the  flowers. Or because it does not require a team or even a partner, walking is something you can do on your own time, by yourself, whenever the mood strikes. Easily affordable, all you need to start walking is enthusiasm and a pair of comfortable and sturdy low-heeled shoes. Dr.ChristineL. Wells recommends an Oxford-style shoe with ties for better foot support; she does not recommend sneakers or other \"cheapies\". If you plan to walk regularly, you might want to invest in a pair of so-called walking shoes. If so, expect to spend at least $35. For walking during the hotter months, early morning or evening hours are best. Clothes should fit loosely and be lightweight and light-colored. Elderly walkers should consider wearing long sleeves, and all Arizonans need to be particularly concerned about skin cancer. Dr. Wells suggests wearing sunscreen as well as a side-brimmed hat to protect your eyes, ears, nose and back of the neck. Walkers also should drink an adequate amount of water. Wells advises drinking an 8-ounce glass of water before you start out, and more when you return. \"If you walk four miles or more a day in Arizona, I also recommend that you carry a water bottle,\" she says. \" And water  is just fine; you don't need those fluid-replacement or electrolyte drinks.\" \n Answer: It improves one's appetite.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of walking?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-685beb12d2734e3db0bde0cd999156b7",
            "input": "Article: One of my China Dialogue colleagues in Beijing recently bought a Philips energy-saving light bulb to replace a standard one.He was happy with his choice.It may have cost 30 yuan (just under US$4.50) - ten times the price of a filament   bulb - but he wanted to save energy as part of his low-carbon lifestyle.And according to the shopkeeper, he would save, in the long run, much more than the 30 yuan he was spending. Yet only one month later, his expensive light bulb blew up, before he had saved even a small part of the purchase price.Will he stick to his high-cost, low-carbon lifestyle? China's environmental organizations have started to advocate low-carbon lifestyles and the decrease of carbon footprints to help fight against climate change.But they have overlooked one fact: in China, low-carbon living comes at a high cost.It means buying energy-saving bulbs and appliances, and environmentally friendly building materials and daily goods.Cost can no longer be the only standard for purchases.An energy-saving and environmentally friendly product is more expensive than a standard alternative - whether it's a simple light bulb or the house it shines.For average consumers, even buying an ordinary bulb is a huge burden.How can we persuade ordinary people to choose an energy-saving residence? This is not a trend they can afford to follow; perhaps this fashion is only for the rich. Most consumers today do not cause huge carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.Their responsibility lies not in choosing a low-carbon lifestyle today, but in avoiding a high-carbon life in the future.The principle of \"common but differentiated responsibility\" - a basis of sustainable development - can be applied here as well. In China, low-carbon living still is resisted by a lack of social infrastructure . Even if your salary allows you to make that choice, nobody is there to help you accomplish it. Consider energy-saving homes. You need to find out whether or not the developer has used natural materials wherever possible; how effective the insulation(, ) is; and what the green credentials of installed equipment are.You can read up a little, but you'll still be lucky to avoid being puzzled by the developers' marketing.Many so-called energy-saving buildings are nothing of the sort, and some are even more energy-hungry than the average home - as Li Taige warned in his article \"Energy-efficient buildings? Not always\", on China Dialogue last August. \n Answer: To learn a low-carbon lifestyle - a promising but difficult purpose",
            "output": [
                "What may probably be the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1080f7c936374762a49079295af6bfd6",
            "input": "Article: When most of us look at our hands, we might notice that we need to clean, or stop biting our fingernails, and that's about it. But if you ask a doctor, he can see a whole lot more. Everything from poor diet and stress to serious kidney   problems can be revealed by a glance at your fingernails. There are about 30 different nail signs that can be associated with medical issues, though may indicate more than one problem, according to Dr.Amy Derick, a clinical instructor of dermatology at Northwestern University. Here are five of the things a doctor can tell about your health based on your fingernails. 1. People who aren't eating well and lack vitamin or dietary may have thinner than normal nails, which are more likely to break. 2.Horizontal   lines are associated with serious physical stress. They frequently occur in people who have gone through chemotherapy .They can also occur after some illnesses, injuries, or with severe malnourishment .Interestingly, there may be an altitude connection too. They've also been found in people who dove 1,000 feet and others who participated in an Everest exploration. 3. Vertical  lines, however, are generally not such a big deal. Some people are more genetically prone to them than others, but they're commonly associated with aging. 4. When people lack iron, their nails can turn spoon-like. Instead of curving down and covering the finger normally, they 'll start to rise up on the sides and front, like the part of a spoon that holds liquid. 5. Kidney and liver problems can create \"half-and-half nails\", where one part of the nail is white and the other part dark or pink, according to Derick. Doctors note that because disease diagnosis is complex and some symptoms can be associated with different diseases, you should always see a medical professional if you are concerned about something you notice. \n Answer: Doctors can tell us something about our health by looking at our nails.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cb215e610ce94d11897d345731c17a4a",
            "input": "Article: China Completes First Manned Space Docking China successfully achieved its first manned space docking, an important step in the country's quest to launch a space station by around 2020.The Shenzhou-9 spacecraft on Monday docked with China's Tiangong-1 space laboratory. The mission's three astronauts included China's first woman in space, an air force pilot named Liu Yang. China's political leadership has heavily promoted this week's mission as proof of the country's growing clout. Additionally, the Shenzhou-9 mission reinforced China's long-term aspirations for a manned space presence just as the U.S. has significantly drawn down its own manned space program and retired its ageing fleet of space shuttles. The Shenzhou-9 mission is the first time China has sent a person into space since 2008. It follows China's first unmanned space docking last November and is the latest step in a 30-year plan to assemble a space station by around 2020, part of an effort known as Project 921. When Chinese leaders approved a plan for a space station in 1992, 'Chinese space professionals believed they would be latecomers to an expanding human presence in low Earth orbit,' said Gregory Kulacki, a senior analyst for the Union of Concerned Scientists, in a recent research note. 'Ironically, by the time they finish their space station in the early 2020s, the Chinese might be the only people left up there.' Washington's decision to end the shuttle program left Russia with a virtual monopoly over manned spaceflight. China's space program, while decades behind the achievements of the U.S. and Russia, has made steady progress in recent years. Its planned space station is expected to come online around 2020, just as the $100 billion International Space Station is expected to cease operation. The U.S., meanwhile, is hoping the private sector can pick up where the shuttle program left off. \n Answer: China sent its first woman into space.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about this manned space docking?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9954f095ef19454ab78b1f918e17dcfe",
            "input": "Article: Maybe you never opened that account, but someone else did ----someone who used your name and personal information to commit fraud . When an imposter uses your name, your credit card number, or some other piece of your personal information for their own purpose -in short, when someone takes your personal information without your knowledge -it's a crime, pure and simple.        The biggest problem is that you may not know your identity has been stolen until you notice that something's wrong: you may get bills for a credit card account you never opened, your credit report may include debts you never knew you had, a billing cycle may pass without your receiving a statement, or you may see charges on your bills that you didn't sign for, and even don't know anything about.        If someone has stolen your identity, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) suggests that you take three actions immediately.        First, contact the fraud departments of each of the three major credit offices. Tell them to flag your file with a fraud alert including a statement that creditors should get your permission before opening any new accounts in your name.        Then, ask the credit offices for copies of your credit reports. Credit offices must give you a free copy of your report if it is not correct because of fraud. Review your reports carefully to make sure no additional fraudulent accounts have been opened in your name or unauthorized changes made to your present accounts. In a few months, order new copies of your reports to check your corrections and changes, and to make sure no new fraudulent activity has occurred. \n Answer: What you should do if your identity is stolen.",
            "output": [
                "What's the subject discussed in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1672658d1097411a890e8800b8f84601",
            "input": "Article: Credit cards let people buy things now and pay for them over months or even years.But some people get deep into debt:Some banks have terms and charges that can make it harder for people to pay off that debt.In the United States,there are calls for stronger government supervision of the credit card industry. _ In 2004,Americans had about $800 billion in credit card debt.Now they own about $968 billion. Critics say banks made it too easy to get credit cards.But that may be changing.The crisis in the housing and credit they call markets is beginning to affect the credit card industry.More payments are late.Charges for late payments are a growing source of profit for banks.But late payments can also signal bad debts. The central bank,the Federal Reserve,says twothirds of American banks have recently reported tighter lending requirements.Many people report having their credit limits reduced without warning. Some lawmakers are concerned that cardholders do not have enough protections from what abusive policies.These include actions like raising interest rates because of an unrelated event.Also,banks may raise the chances of a late payment by changing monthly payment dates for credit cards. According to a survey,82% of Americans think credit cards provide a valuable service.But a majority,58%,say they do not trust credit card companies.And three out of four think the government should regulate the industry more closely.Three out of four people feel there is always some condition that makes a card less appealing than the company made in scared.And a little more than half say they have had a card that was not as good as they expected.But close to 80% say no one really reads the terms and conditions when they sign up for a credit card. \n Answer: Banks are making it harder for people to get credit cards.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d0730eecfb6a4d16999e55c1aa50eac7",
            "input": "Article: Can a Language Become Extinct? A language can become extinct when the last person who can speak it passes away. Or more likely when the secondlast person who speaks it dies because then there is no one left to talk to. According to linguists   there is nothing unusual about a single language dying out. But what is happening today is quite remarkable. According to the recent statistics, there are approximately 6,000 languages in the world as we speak. Of these, about half are going to die out in the next century. There are several reasons as to why a language can eventually die out. These range from natural disasters, such as hurricanes, to sociological factors, like cultural assimilation, in which the culture of a minority group is gradually replaced by a stronger one. The former can cause tribes to leave their natural habitat  and therefore become fewer and fewer in number. However, it doesn't happen very frequently. In fact, the latter is a much bigger threat and it is responsible for the extinction of a lot of languages in countries like the USA and Australia. For instance, Chemehuevi is one of the languages which is really close to dying out since its sole speaker is an old, yet healthy, man named Johnny Hill, Jr. It is very important for as many languages as possible to be preserved. Scientists have been trying to raise people's awareness on how certain tribes have specific words which cannot be expressed in let's say English simply because there is no equal meaning. Namely, the Yupik of Alaska have 99 names to describe different layers of ice formation, or how the Tofa of Siberia classify reindeer  . In other words, when languages die out, mankind's wisdom reduces. On a happier note, there are many famous cases which show what can be done to preserve languages in danger of extinction. In particular, the Maori in New Zealand have created socalled \"language nests\": organizations which help children under five learn the language. They provide them with a setting where they are exposed to the language intensively so that they get to realise that communicating in Maori is as natural as communicating in English. There is always, of course, the risk that the children won't keep the language alive after they have left their \"nests\". Nevertheless, hope dies hard. \n Answer: Foreign languages were spoken.",
            "output": [
                "What most probably caused the death of languages in the USA and Australia?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5115e5f28de04941bbed0ade5c5e9ec9",
            "input": "Article: #United States Capitol It serves as the seat of government for the US Congress. It is located in Washington, D. C., on top of Capitol Hill at the eastern end of the National Mall. Officially, both the east and west sides of the Capitol are referred to as \"fronts\". Historically, however, the east front was initially the side of the building intended for the arrival of visitors and famous guests. Phone: (202) 225-6827 Official website: www.aoc.gov Hours: Monday-Saturday: 9:00 a.m.-4:30 p.m. #International Spy Museum It is a privately owned museum dedicated to the field of espionage located in Washington. D. C., The museum was built by The Malrite Company at a cost of US $ 40 million. Despite being one of the few museums in Washington that charges admission fees, it has been popular since its opening in July 2002. Phone: (202) 393-7798 Official website: www.spymuseum.org Hours: Monday-Sunday: 9:30 a.m.-6:00 p.m. #National Museum of Natural History It is a natural history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., Admission is free and the museum is open 364 days a year. The museum's collections total over 125 million specimens of plants, animals, fossils, minerals, rocks, meteorites ,and human cultural artifacts, making it the largest such museum anywhere. It is the second most popular of all of the Smithsonian museums and is also home to about 185 professional natural history scientists--the largest group of scientists dedicated to the study of the natural and cultural history in the world. Phone: (202) 633-1000 Official website: www.mnh.si.edu #Jefferson Memorial It is a presidential memorial in Washington, D. C., dedicated to Thomas Jefferson, an American Founding Father and the third president of the United States. The neoclassical building was designed by John Russell Pope. It was built by Philadelphia contractor John Mc. Shain. Construction began in 1939, the building was completed in 1942, and the bronze statue of Jefferson was added in 1947. When completed, the memorial occupied one of the last significant sites left in the city. Phone: (202) 426-6821 Official website: www.mps.gov/thje \n Answer: National Museum of Natural History",
            "output": [
                "Which admission is free?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-676b1f0d99974dfdb9262931bd0e1da2",
            "input": "Article: The average global temperature has increased by almost 0.5 centigrade degree over the past century; scientists expect it to rise by an extra 1~3 degree over the next 100 years.               Warmer weather makes glaciers melt, adding more water to the ocean. The warmer temperature also make water expand, so it takes up more space, causing the sea level to rise. The sea level has risen about 10~25 cm in the last 100 years.               The main cause of global warming is human pollution. Through burning coal, oil and gas, people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as CO2. This adds to the power of the greenhouse effect, making the planet even warmer.               Many scientists believe that, if the warming is not stopped, there will be huge climate changes. The sea level could rise to one metre this century.               Should this come true, millions of homes will be swallowed up by the sea and the world will be flooded with \"climate refugees\" looking for somewhere to live? \n Answer: pollution-warmer weather-glaciers melt-water expand",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-add5817aee044c6caee6721e67413a5f",
            "input": "Article: Pregnancy  and childbirth kill more than 536,000 women a year. More than half of the cases happened in Africa, according to the World Health Organization. In fact, most of the deaths are preventable with basic medical care. The five leading causes are bleeding, infection, high blood pressure, longtime labor and bad abortions  . Mothers' deaths from such causes were largely reduced nearly a century ago in developed countries. Experts say that what kill many women are \"the three delays\"-- the woman's delay in deciding to go to the hospital, the time she loses traveling there and the hospital's delay in starting treatment. Only about 15 percent of births have dangerous complications . Women lack education and information about birth control. Husbands and inlaws, may decide where a woman gives birth and insist that she stay at home to save money. However, there is no single solution to a problem with so many factors--shortages of doctors, nurses, drugs, equipment, roads and transportation--though hospital officials are trying many things now. One  _ measure to solve the problem for the present has been to train assistant medical officers, to perform certain operations. Some African countries are now struggling to train more assistants and midwives   , and provide places for pregnant women to stay near hospitals. But there is a long way to go. Only 20 percent of women in the continent give birth at the hospital. More than 50 percent stay at home to give birth, and the rest go to local clinics that cannot handle emergencies. \n Answer: Bleeding.",
            "output": [
                "Which is not included in the five leading causes of women's deaths during pregnancy and childbirth?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-89b79c23f69f433cb1403894e309b1be",
            "input": "Article: The 1800s saw many firsts, including the invention of the bicycle and ready-to-eat cereal. Another interesting event also debuted  in the 1800s. In 1888, the world's first beauty contest was held in Spa, Belgium. Though little is known about that first competition, the idea caught on. Today, beauty contests can be found in countries from Argentina to Zambia. Most people agree that the business of beauty contests began in America. In 1921, local businessmen in Atlantic City, New Jersey, wanted summer tourists to stay longer. So they came up with the idea of beauty pageant. The pageant was successful, and 100,000 tourists stayed to see the first \"Miss America\" crowned. After a few years, the annual event no longer focused only on girl's beauty. A talent competition was added in 1938. And not long after that, college scholarships became the official contest prize. These were just the beginning of the changes for the beauty contest industry. www.ks5u.com From the mid-to late-20th century, beauty contests began popping up everywhere. In 1951, the Miss World Pageant got its start in London. Over time, this contest has changed its focus from beauty alone to beauty and intelligence. Miss Universe began in 1952,Miss International in 1960 and Miss Earth in 2001. Today, these still are considered the four most famous international beauty contests. Through the years, controversy has surrounded beauty contests. Many people have objected to women competing in swimsuits as it only calls attention to one's looks. Outside pressure and changes in society, therefore, brought about changes in the beauty contest world. Today, women are judged on areas other than just appearance. These include intelligence, speaking ability, poise and talent. The women who compete in the pageants are often asked why they do it. Many say it's because the contests build their confidence and public speaking skills and offer scholarships. Today, millions of women worldwide compete for these very reasons. \n Answer: A look at beauty contests",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage? www.ks5u.com"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d01b00552ae64970b9234e814f09748a",
            "input": "Article: I've lived my whole life in Spanish Harlem with my mom, and I never have a father. I have friends who ended up in jail or pregnancy. But Mr.Clark wouldn't let that happen. Mr. Clark worked long hours, making sure I did my work. My grades rose. In fact ,our whole fifth-grade class's scores rose in math and reading. In sixth grade, I entered the gifted program, and Mr. Clark was the teacher. I felt so lucky to have him for a second year !    None of us were surprised when Mr.Clark was selected as Disney's 2004 Teacher of the Year. When he learned he'd won, he said he would draw three names out of a hat; those students would go with him toprefix = st1 /Los Angelesto get the award. But when it came time to draw names, Mr. Clark said, \" You're all going.\"    He got donations to fly all 37of us out to Disneyland inCaliforniaand put us at the Hilton. We were there for three days. People were amazed, but Mr. Clark really cared about us. There's no way I can imagine most teachers doing that. No way. But he saw something in us that nobody else saw.    On graduation day ,there were a lot of tears. We didn't want his class to end. In 2005,he moved toAtlanta, but we always kept in touch. He started giving speeches about education and wrote a best-selling book based on his classroom rules.    In 2007,Mr.Clark took some of us on a trip toSouth Africato deliver school supplies and visit orphanages. It was the most amazing experience of my life. It's now my dream to start a group of women's clubs one day, helping people from all backgrounds.    I'm about to become a senior atHarlemRenaissanceHigh School. My grades are beautiful now, and I'm hoping to go to law school eventually. This fall, Mr.Clark will be opening the Ron Clark Academy inAtlanta, a school for kids who have potential but aren't reaching it, kids who are like I was -- until Mr.Clark came along. \n Answer: My High School Years",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19332e3b346b4c91be851a31859bebf9",
            "input": "Article: Many more babies will be born before the Year of the Horse ends, because many couples in China try to avoid having babies in the Year of the Sheep, which starts on Feb 19, 2015. The reason: traditionally it is believed that \"sheep babies\" lead a difficult and suppressive life. The truth is, there is no evidence to prove that people born with the zodiac sign of sheep are destined for a difficult life. Apple co-founder, the late Steve Jobs, and movie stars Chow Yunfat and Zhang Ziyi were all born in the Year of the Sheep. Superstition, as its dictionary description says, is an unreasonable belief that an object, action or circumstance not logically related to a course of events influences its outcome. Many people regard black cats as unlucky when they are unlucky only for mice. The number 13 is considered unlucky in the West, but it was quite an lucky number in ancient China. The \"rich\" number \" 8 \" is viewed as lucky in China, yet it doesn't look different from any other number in the West. But such is the influence of superstition on some people that they undergo cesarean section , even without going into labor, to give birth before the onset of a year they consider unlucky. Doctors warn that premature cesarean section is a violation of the laws of nature which could affect the baby's brains and health, but some people ignore their advice. On the social side, the sudden increase in the number of births in one year will make it even more difficult for children to get admission to schools and drastically raise the demand for jobs when they grow up. Ironically, children born in a baby boom year can become a liability because they will be locked in a tougher competition for educational, natural and material resources. In more sense than one, their competition begins even before they are born, because their mothers have to wait longer for their regular medical check-ups and to secure a bed in a hospital for childbirth. In China where more often than not parents guide (or even force) their children to choose the subjects to study and the vocations to compete for, zodiac signs are of least or no importance. The real important thing is to encourage children to let their imagination fly and develop their unique skills. \n Answer: The real important thing is to encourage children to let their imagination fly.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following sentences serves as a supporting fact to the writer's main point of view?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-36bc5f8834ee47319a5a9a914abdc717",
            "input": "Article: I have a good memory of my grandfather,Jack. He was sitting in his armchair in the front room. I sat next to him. We were reading aloud,our heads bent over the page in front of us,a finger marking the words;separated by seven decades,brought together by words. It's a common scene in British families;however,in our case,the usual order of things is reversed .Granddad had been blind since I was tiny,so I was reading to him.When reading aloud,people usually read something that's of interest to the listener. So I didn't read children's books;I read the sorts of things Granddad liked to hear about. Much of the vocabulary in Granddad's reading material was far beyond me. When I met unfamiliar words,I'd spell them out. Granddad would help me. It must have been painful for him to hear news;but he never hurried me along or complained. Our reading wasn't really about getting knowledge. It was a way for us to spend time together. My grandfather wasn't always blind. He had been a good carpenter .The first Christmas of my parents' marriage,he built my mother a bookcase,which now belongs to my son Jonah,providing a link between four generations. I was a fortunate child;I spent a lot of time with my grandfather,and he opened the world to me in a particular way. Reading was our way of building a relationship that has had a lasting effect on me. In the school holidays,I sometimes accompanied him on trips to the seaside with the local association for the blind. This might seem strange,but I felt that my personal value was realized because I could finally do something for Granddad. A decade later,I found a position in a nursing home,which reminded me of my early experiences;reading to senior citizens was a connection back to Granddad. More than simple conversation,reading aloud is a connection between two individuals and it can have a big emotional effect on elderly people. \n Answer: To satisfy the needs of her grandfather.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the author choose to read children's books?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3ec62f2ad37643ef9d9ea5561eaaa5ef",
            "input": "Article: Reading books has long been a way to relax.However,in this modern age of computers,the Internet,DVD movies and MP3 players,the simple act of reading a book has taken a back seat.People want something more interactive than just pages to turn.We seem to be turning away from the joy of reading a good book,but there is an answer. Audio books have been around for a long time.But most people think that audio books are just for people with eyesight problems.This is one of their uses,of course,but it is far from the full story. Audio books are in the form of either cassette tapes or CDs.The beauty of them is that the whole story is read often by well-known actors and actresses.It is like having your own play.There are many kinds of audio books,so you are sure to find one that suits your tastes.The really good thing of listening to an audio book is that you can listen to it wherever you want to. Audio books do not just tell stories--they also provide language lessons.Imagine learning to speak a number of key Japanese phrases while you do the ironing,or learning basic French while doing the housework.Audio books can be found in most big bookstores,as well as over the Internet.There are books for people of all ages,including kids.If you are a member of a local library,you will also find audio books to borrow,so you can try one and decide if you really want to buy one. \n Answer: They can be borrowed from libraries.",
            "output": [
                "In the writer's opinion,which of the following is a really good thing of audio books?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e58ad3801c3447b08d2e4db426342f85",
            "input": "Article: Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance, The purpose is to let children learn from experience at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly ,The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs ,from family to family. At first, young children may spend all of their allowance in no time ,Lf they do this, they will learn the hard way that spending  must be done within a budget ,which demands choices between spending and saving ,Older children may be responsible enough to save money for larger costs ,like clothing or electronics. But it is not a good idea to pay your child for work around the home ,These jobs are a normal part of family life , Paying children to do extra work around the house , however, can be useful .It can even provide an understanding of how a business works. Allowances give children a chance to experience the things they can do with money. They can share it in the form of gifts or giving to a good cause .They can spend it by buying things they want., Or they can save and maybe even invest it , Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice; you have to cut costs and plan for the future. Many banks offer services to help children and teenagers ,lean about personal finance .A savings account is an excellent way to lean about the power of compound interest. Compounding works by paying interest on interest .So, for example, one dollar invested at two percent interest for two years will earn two cents in the first year .The second year, the money will earn to percent of one dollar and two cents,, and so on ,That may not seem like a lot .But over time is adds ,up. \n Answer: Giving children allowances makes good lessons.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e85c3513d8ff4c9db421820bbf6d01c9",
            "input": "Article: As the world watched the twin towers of the World Trade Center come under attack, a common phrase was repeated:\" It looks like a movie.\" But this time there was no superman to save the people or the famous building. The attack destroyed one of the world's highest skyscrapers and left 5,000 people dead or missing. Movie fans have become used to such events after years of Hollywood films showing disasters, terrorism and danger. The Empire State Building, the White House, New York City and even the American president himself have all been threatened  by terrorist attacks in these exciting films. The film\" True Lies\", released in 1994, is considered to be a good example of this kind of movie. The special effects, including explosions and missiles, make the action look like a real thing. \"Independence Day\" in 1996 took this type of movie one step further by blowing up the White House. This science fiction  movie is about a war between human beings and aliens from another planet. In the movie, the World Trade Center towers are destroyed. Violence has become a major part of Hollywood movies. And this is what people enjoy. Soon after the attacks, many famous film companies stopped the planned releases of some of their new movies, especially if their films showed terrorist attacks or plane crashes. \"Swordfish\" was top of the American box office in June. But the movie's story was frighteningly similar to the Sept. 11 disaster. The film would have been stopped in American and British cinemas after the attack. But it's unlikely that Hollywood will stay quiet for long. It is already waiting for the feeling in America to calm down. \n Answer: The effect of the Sept. 11 attack and Hollywood films.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main subject of the newspaper article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-722824d60e124387b056aaf34c82d0e5",
            "input": "Article: Although man has known asbestos for hundreds of years, it was not until 160 years ago that it was mined for the first time on the North American continent. H.W.Johns, owner of a New York City Supply Shop for roofers,was responsible for the opening of that first mine. Mr. Johns was given a piece of asbestos which had been found in Italy. He experimented with the material and then showed its surprising powers to his customers. After putting on a pair of asbestos gloves,which looked much like ordinary work gloves,he took red-hot coals from the fireplace and played with them in his hands. How astonished the customers were to discover that he was not burned at all. You can well imagine that he had increased business in asbestos roofing materials. However,because it was very expensive to transport them from Italy to the United States, Mr. Johns sent out a young scientist to seek a source nearer home. This young man found great vein, in the province of Quebec in Canada. Ever since 1881 Quebec has led the world in the production of this unusual mineral,which is made up of magnesium, silicon, iron, and oxygen. When it is mined, the asbestos is heavy, just as you would expect a mineral to be. When it is separated,a strange thing happens; the rock breaks down into fine, soft, soapy fibers.     Scientists do not know why the rock can be separated easily into threads ,but they have found thousands of uses of this fireproof material, of the so- called \"cloth of stone.\" \n Answer: A new roofing material",
            "output": [
                "Which title best expresses the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-24ab0b090cda4ef59ecb2e82b2a56cdc",
            "input": "Article: Scientists have transformed men's minds into avirtual woman's body in an experiment that could throw light upon how humans distinguish themselves form others. In a study at Barcelona University, men wore a virtual reality headset that allowed them to see and hear the world as a female character. When they looked down, they could even see their new body and clothes. The \"body-swapping\" effect was so convincing that the men's sense of self was transferred into the virtual woman, causing them to react to events in the virtual world they wereimmersed . \"This work opens up another avenue for virtual reality, which is not just to transform your sense of place, but also your sense of self,\" said Mel Slater, \"If you can temporarily give people the illusion that their bodies are different, then the evidence suggests it also affects their behavior and the way they think. They can have new experiences: a person who is thin can know what it is like to be fat. A man can have an experience of what it's like to be a woman.\" During the experiment, a \"female\" approached and hit the face of the character another man was playing. \"Their reaction was immediate,\" said Slate. \"They would take in a quick breath and maybeflinch . The more people reported being in the girl's body, the stronger physical reaction they had.\" But in all cases, the feeling was temporary and lasted only as long as the study. The study shows that our minds have a very fluid picture of our bodies. The research is expected to shed light on the puzzle of how our brain tells the difference between a part of our own body and something else in the wider world. Thus the work might improve the conditions for those who have experienced strokes by placing them in a world that helps them to use their bodies to the full again. \n Answer: by transforming his sense of place",
            "output": [
                "How can a man's mind get into a woman's body?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7d5016f9a28941a187cf1a739ee071aa",
            "input": "Article: Some teachers are unforgettable. They lead by example and never lose their smile. They change lives. Eileen Madden is one of them. . \"It's a joy to get up early every morning to be the first one here,\" say the 55-year-old Holy Ghost School third grade teacher. Madden arrives shortly after 6 am to prepare her classroom and work on the school breakfast program. \"My family all went to St. Teresa's School,\" she says. \"I always said, 'One day, I'm going to come back and get one of those big desks.'\" With a watchful eye always on the lookout for \"one of those big desks\", Madden returned to St. Teresa after graduating from college and taught second grade at the Olneyville neighborhood elementary school until it was burnt in a fire in 1990 and had to be closed. Madden then went to Holy Ghost School where she started as a second-grade teacher and then moved up one grade level. \"I take care of setting up and serving breakfast,\" she says. \"In winter it is still dark when I arrive here.\" Madden praises Holy Ghost School Principal Carol Soltys and the school's workers for their continued support. \"It's a family,\" she said. Her class is small this year with 15 students, including some from the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, Haiti, Guatemala, Nigeria and Ghana. Madden admits that she's encouraged by her former students, now grown-ups, who want their own children to enjoy a similar experience in a safe, good environment. \"They tell others, 'I send my child to Eileen Madden's School, '\" she adds. \n Answer: Kind and helpful.",
            "output": [
                "What does Eileen Madden most probably think of the workers of Holy Ghost School?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ea65cf47131344489436858af804d7f9",
            "input": "Article: With kings, artists and writers playing chess, you might get the idea that chess is the most civilized game. But you'd be wrong. A Scandinavian manuscript ,900 years old, tells of how one player, who lost a game, picked up the board and hit his opponent on the head with it.  _  Grandmasters have called it \"a blood sport\", like a fight to the death with broken bottles\" and \"very dangerous--you have to kill people.\" If you agree with the old saying that life is too short for chess, play blitz chess. Five minutes on the clock. Now players think chess is slow and boring, but blitz is an extremely exciting sport, and as aggressive  as any martial art . In parks in Russia, where they gather in summer to play blitz, the players don't just take pieces, they knock them off the board onto the ground. And in the classic game, even world championship players have been known to kick each other under the table. With all this aggression, and the stories of nervous breakdowns among chess players, it's worth remembering that chess can heal as well as harm. My own favorite chess story is that of John Healy. His autobiography , The Grass Arena , was made into a great film by the BBC. Healy was a failed boxer who became the most serious kind of alcoholic. He became homeless. The bottle nearly killed him. But in prison, he discovered chess, and managed to give up drinking completely. He is now a successful chess player, journalist and writer. Healy is played in the film by the British actor Mark Rylance. It's the performance of a lifetime--chess makes surprisingly good cinema. There is a moving scene where Healy tries to find the words to describe how his life has changed. \"It's like boxing again...,but not with fists...   with the mind.\" \n Answer: Quick and violent.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best describes blitz chess?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0b523ebf7a99455799068206fff27dc0",
            "input": "Article: Don't   have plenty of time for  reading ? If you are interested in nun-fiction books, here are  good choices for you. A  Room  of One's Own This essay   by   English writer Virginia Woolf is based on several lectures given to two woman's colleges at  Cambridge  University to 1928. In it, Woolf describes that it's  circumstance  not  talent   that allows men  to be  more successful at  writing. Women,in other word, spend so much time cooking , cleaning,and tending to their children that they have no time left for art. To write well,therefore, a woman must  have a \" room of her own. The Art of War Written by Chinese warrior SunZi in the 5th century BC, The  Art of War widely considered to be one of the best boob about military strategy in human history. Conaistng of 13 chapters, each detailing a separate aspect of warfare, the book has been  translated into every majorlanguage  and has thousands of editions. For centuries , it has been cited  and praised by world leaders both for its detailed study of military straaategy   and its phibsophical  examination of strong ,effective leadership. Letter to My Daughter This 2009 book of essays and poems  by Maya Angelou,a respectable American  poet, is written for t he  daughter never had--the millions of women, both young and old,that she considers  to be her \"family.\"  From the viewpoint  of a caring, older relative, this  book contains   lessons selected from her own Life experiences, including tte birth of her only child,a son,as well as the formation and loss of friendships, A Brief History of Time If you' re short  on time,then why not read about,well,the creation of time? This 1998 from brilliant  scientist and mathematician Stephen Hawking explores mind - bending  question s about  the creation of the universe , including if and when it will end,and if so,how Despite  heavy subject matter. Hawkimg addresses th ese questions  in n way that's easy to understand  s even for those who know little about physics. \n Answer: A Room of One's  Own h about more than writing,",
            "output": [
                "What can we learns about the contents of the books?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-964bc69697be408492a5708a7c8a1fea",
            "input": "Article: Our particular parenting style reflects our own way of \"looking\". Here's a great piece of writing reflecting parent's particular ways on the parenting style that have become known humorously as helicopter parenting and submarine   parenting. Helicopter parents  _ their children, managing every aspect of their child's life. On the contrary, submarine parents remain \"hidden\" coming to the surface when guidance is needed. While helicopter parents may have the best intentions, in reality, they are raising children with few problem solving skills. Children with hovering parents never get the chance to face disappointment and build up their ability to recover from misfortune. Think about your typical submarine. Submarines usually remain underwater. In case of a need for emergency surfacing, submarines can rise so quickly they are driven partially out of the water. Submarine parents also remain out of sight, yet able to pop up in the case of an emergency. I admit I'm a submarine mom. My job as a parent is to have fun with my daughters while letting them explore and learn natural consequences.  My older daughter found herself acting in commercials and making more than minimum wage as a teen. To give her a sense of the real world, I insisted she spend three weeks every summer, picking strawberries and earning $3.50 on a good day.  When my youngest daughter Sondra was six, she wanted a very expensive American Girl Doll. I cut the full color1 18-inch picture out of the American Girl catalogue and had it laminated  . \"Here's your American Girl Doll.\" I said \"When you turn nine, I'll buy you the 3D doll on your birthday.\" Sondra played with her flat doll for months, making clothes and furniture for her. She learned creativity. I saved $88.00. \n Answer: Different styles of parenting.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-389f5f67b28147d5aeeaa9cc8b8eceaa",
            "input": "Article: Fatu Kekula is a hero. The 22-year-old Liberian nursing student, in her final year, managed to save the members of her immediate family from the Ebola virus, all without the help and convenience of a hospital. Kekula reduced the rate to 25 percent. Four of her family members were infected with the virus. Her father, Moses, her mother, Victoria, her sister, Vivian and her 14-year-old cousin, Alfred Winnie. Sadly, Kekula's cousin _ the virus. It's also impressive to note that while Kekula was treating her family members she managed to avoid Ebola entirely. On July 27, Kekula's father, Moses, went to a hospital in Kanata, after his blood pressure rose sharply. The only reason the hospital had a bed to offer him was because someone had just died. But the staff in the hospital didn't realize the patient died from an Ebola infection. Shortly, after he was admitted to the hospital, Moses developed a fever, started vomiting and was suffering from diarrhea. Once nurses started dying of Ebola, the hospital shut down and Moses had to leave. Kekula drove 90 minutes to Monrovia, the capital of Liberia, to seek treatment. Three hospitals turned them away because there is no spare bed for patients at all. Kekula made the drive back to Kanata to another hospital. They told Moses he had typhoid fever and did very little to treat him. So Kekula took him home. Once he was there, he infected three other family members. Her mother, sister and their cousin who was living with them. Kekula only lost one patient, her cousin. Her method proved so effective that international aid workers, including UNICEF, began teaching it to others in West Africa who may not be able to get to hospitals for treatment. Her father, mother and sister were already recovering when space became available at the JFK Medical Center on August 17. Alfred passed away at the hospital the next day. Kekula's father, Moses said, \"I'm very, very proud. She saved my life through the almighty God.\" \n Answer: Give her a medal: Woman saves family members from Ebola.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-587f705962174cc39922d30d0dad101a",
            "input": "Article: I've ridden a lot of buses in my time. There was the one in India that was so crowded, I had to climb onto the top just to breathe. Neither will I forget the bus in South Africa that was almost taken up by monkeys. No matter how entertaining they were at the time, none can compare to my first ride on what I now call the Leisure Village Local. When I first moved into Leisure Village, I didn't even know bus transportation was provided. Then I had an operation on my left foot and I couldn't drive. As I didn't want to keep making trouble for friends to shop for me, I decided to try out the Leisure Village Local.  The next morning, undaunted, I stood with the support of my crutches  and waited. Suddenly, the bus arrived. As soon as I boarded the bus, I discovered I was all by myself. Then the bus approached another stop, and four women climbed aboard. They sat next to me and introduced themselves. A few minutes later, we arrived at the Wal-Mart in Middle Island. As soon as we entered, one of my new friends showed me how to operate the motorized shopping cart . Another walked alongside the entire time, waiting to help if something was out of reach. One hour later, another insisted on carrying my bags onto the bus. And the fourth woman carried my bags to my front door when we got back. I thanked them all for their help, and told them I would see them soon. The next day morning, I found a brown paper bag at the front door. Inside was a giant bowl of chicken soup, and a note. \"Get well soon.\" It was signed, \"Your guardian angels.\" I rode the Leisure Village Local two more times later, but didn't see any of my guardian angels. Maybe they're helping someone else, I thought. Or, maybe they flew south for the winter. \n Answer: He was too considerate to trouble his friends again.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author decide to try out the Leisure Village Local?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3d0755db6375477c83a67ee698d225c8",
            "input": "Article: Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell.Recent studies have found,among other things,that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads. The review explains that smell is unique in its effects on the brain.According to Conrad King,the researcher who carried out the review,\"more than any other senses,the sense of smell goes through the logical part of the brain and acts on the systems concerned with feelings.This is why the smell of baking bread can destroy the best intentions of a dieter.\" Smell,which dictates the unbelievable complexity of food tastes,has always been the least understood of our senses.Our noses are able to detect up to 10,000distinct smells.Our ability to smell and taste this extremely large range of smells is controlled by something like 1,000genes  ,which make up an amazing 3% of the human genome.Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004for their ground-breaking research on the nature of this extraordinary sense.These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1,000olfactory   genes and to explain how our olfactory system works. According to one study in the research review,smelling fresh pizza or even the packaging of fast foods can be enough to make drivers feel impatient with other road users.They are then more likely to speed and experience uncontrollable anger on roads.The most reasonable explanation is that these can all make drivers feel hungry,and therefore desperate to satisfy their appetites. In contrast,the smells of peppermint and cinnamon were shown to improve concentration levels as well as reduce drivers'impatience.Similarly,the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus. However,the way genes regulate smell differs from person to person.A study by researchers in Israel has identified at least 50olfactory genes which are switched on in some people and not in others.They believe this may explain why some of us love some smells and tastes while others hate them.The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors. \n Answer: The relationship between food and feelings.",
            "output": [
                "What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find out?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-65585abd8fb5466faa1a47d4acb51374",
            "input": "Article: prefix = st1 /Mauritius, with its full name the Republic of Mauritius, an island country, lies 1,200 miles off the southeastern coast of Africa, and just east of Madagascar, another African island country, which is larger by far thanMauritius. It covers 788 square miles and has a population of 1,00,000, about 750.000 Indians, 300,000 Chinese and 20,000 Whites included. They are living together peacefully, although they share such different beliefs as Hindu, Roman Catholic, Muslim and so on. The country can be divided into many parts with different climate all because of its peculiar terrains  . In the center there are volcanoes several thousand feet high, and 90% of its arable land is covered with sugarcane. There are no people living on the island before the Dutch landed on it in 1638. The Dutch  _ it in 1710, and five years later, the French came and succeeded in planting sugarcane there. It was conquered byBritainin 1818. As a result, its official language is English. The main big cities are Beau - Bassin and Mahebourg, withPort Louisas its capital. Mauritius has many rare and unique animals, such as the snakes, parrots and lizards. The giraffe is a type of animal with a very long neck and legs and yellow skin with dark spots. It is the tallest of all living animals. Mauritius was extremely poor when it declared its independence in 1968. In the past ten years, obvious economic prosperity has shown itself in this island country. Nowadays its business, culture and tourism are developing rapidly. Every year, thousands of millions of people rush there to enjoy the silver sand beach and song and dance performances with native national characters. \n Answer: The French and British people",
            "output": [
                "Who succeeded in planting sugarcane?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-64f6f2b542c14c2eaf5de5ff75d0b239",
            "input": "Article: People talk about energy everywhere. Green energy, for example. Then, energy independence. It has a nice ring to it. Doesn't it? If you think so, you're not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American president for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession . \"Energy independence\" and its rhetorical  companion \"energy security\" are, however, unreliable concepts that are rarely thought through. What is it that we want independence from, exactly? Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that oil from elsewhere. The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes, there is a trickle  of biofuel  available, and more may become available, but most biofuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction. Second, Americans have basically decided that they don't really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what extent are Americans really willing to tolerate the environmental influence of domestic  energy production in order to cut back imports? Third, there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you don't read about this much, the United States is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries. There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to keep its economy stable. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices. At the same time, we get massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world. \n Answer: It sounds very attractive.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author say about energy independence for America?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-91c783526c494e7db3ae7143458fb9eb",
            "input": "Article: Ways to Burn More Calories Run through water Running in water is one of the toughest activities you can perform because the wet stuff is about 12 to 15 times as resistant   as air. Try your hardest to run and you can burn about 17 calories per minute. Start fast Don't be fooled -- slow and steady won't win the race. A recent study found that after a short warm-up, cyclists who rode hard during the first half of their workouts and then slowed for the second half burned about 10 percent more calories than those who started slow and finished fast. Take to the sand Here is some easy-to-remember advice on burning calories: the softer the surface, the more you burn. By walking or running on the beach, you can use up 20 to 50 percent more calories than you do going at the same pace on a hard trail. Shut up and dance Here's the perfect excuse to sign up for that hip-hop dance class you've been eager to try. Surprising your body with new activities -- dance, a new sport, you name it -- forces it to work harder because it's doing unfamiliar movements and using muscle groups in different ways. Use your arms Getting both your upper and lower body involved can provide a big calorie-burning advantage. So if you're short of time or want to get everything you can out of your usual 45-minute workout, try total-body activities such as rowing ormming. You can evenng your arms as hard as you can while you walk. \n Answer: By forcing your body to work harder.",
            "output": [
                "How can water help you burn more calories?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-91b05dbda90546fcb082372c56e6a10d",
            "input": "Article: When I wake up on summer mornings, I know I am going to my favorite place to volunteer and make a difference in someone's life just by being with him or her -- a summer school for autistic  children. By helping the kids read or do math, I am not only teaching important skills but also helping them feel like any other kid. There are many wrong ideas about autism. The kids I work with can think and feel. They need help only in certain areas. Of course, each kid is special. For example, some kids like to draw, and others like to sing. At the school, the kids learn through about 20 activities. These activities can help them learn skills they will need later in life. The very first day I volunteered, a boy came up to me, put his hand on my shoulder, and said \"Hello\". From then on, I knew I could make a difference. Another boy loved to have me read books that can help him learn to read. Sometimes he could be encouraged to read a few words or sentences. Finally, one day during reading practice, he read nearly 220 words himself! Summer school is also a time for fun, Last summer, bagpipe players came to perform. Most of us had our hands over our ears because they were so loud. When they asked for a volunteer from the audience, one girl raised her hand as high as she could, got up on stage, and even tried the bagpipes in front of everyone. Through these experiences, I realize that the challenges these kids face do not stop them from doing many amazing things. I'm teaching them, but they are teaching me more. \n Answer: Autistic children's hard life.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mainly talk about in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-687b12f873994167a7adb14e9e640b46",
            "input": "Article: Beautifully cut grass, elegant   white clothes, cheering fans and exciting matches make Wimbledon, in London, the home of tennis.     Last Monday, the famous British tournament   opened at the All England Lawn Tennis Club. It is the third Grand Slam tournament of the tennis season. Wimbledon comes after the Australian Open and the French Open, and is followed by the US Open.     As the oldest tennis tournament in the world, Wimbledon is famous for its special rules and traditions. The players' clothing, including their shoes, must be entirely white.     In 2002, the Russian player Anna Kournikova was forced to change from her black shorts into another pair on court. Between 1988 and 1990, US legend Andre Agassi refused to play because of the all-white rule.     The UK's unpredictable summer weather is part of the tournament. If it begins to rain, players and fans have to wait patiently for it to stop. Then, they cheer when the covers come off the grass courts.     Many British fans do not think the courts should have a roof, because they want to keep tradition.     Wimbledon is not just famous for great tennis matches. Fans like to eat strawberries and cream while watching. Every year 27,000 kilos of strawberries and 7,000 liters of cream are eaten.     Many British people are very proud of the tournament, but disappointment is another Wimbledon tradition for loyal   fans of British players. Wimbledon has not been won by a British woman since 1977, and not by a British man since 1938. \n Answer: The US Open.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following tournaments is the last to be held?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2e60019fdaf4b24bbbd3d6a46e1fec3",
            "input": "Article: If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life,new research may come as a shock.According to a recent scientific study,people who do a very _ workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all. Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1,000 joggers  and non-joggers for 12 years.The death rates  from the sample group suggest that people who jog at a moderate  pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die. The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour.The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non-joggers.The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries .Over time,this can cause serious injuries. Peter Schnohr,a researcher in Copenhagen,said,\"If your goal is to decrease  risk of death and improve life expectancy,jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy .Anything more is not just unnecessary,and it may be harmful.\" The implications  of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi,yoga and brisk walking may be better for us than \"iron man\" events,triathlons  and long-distance running and cycling.According to Jacob Louis Marott,another researcher in the study,\"You don't actually have to do that much to have a good impact  on your health.And perhaps you shouldn't actually do too much\". \n Answer: It may injure the heart and arteries.",
            "output": [
                "According to the scientists,why is too much exercise harmful?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-85f32ba17af241f7b9bc130d57038ca9",
            "input": "Article: There is a nine-year-old kid sitting at his desk and all of a sudden, there is water between his feet and his pants are wet. He thinks his heart is going to stop. It's never happened before, and he knows that when the boys find out he will never hear the end of it. When the girls find out, they'll never speak to him again . The boy puts his head down and prays, \"Dear God, this is an emergency! I need help now! I'm dead meat .\"He looks up from his prayer and here comes the teacher with a look in her eyes that says he has been discovered. As the teacher is walking toward him, a classmate named Susie is carrying a goldfish bowl that is filled with water. Susie trips  in front of the teacher and throws the bowl of water on the boy's legs. The boy pretends to be angry, but all the while is saying to himself, \"Thank you, Lord! Thank you, Lord!\" Now all of a sudden, instead of being the object of  _ , the boy is the object of sympathy. The teacher gives him gym shorts to put on while his pants are dried out. All the other children are on their hands and knees cleaning up around his desk. The sympathy is wonderful. But as life would have it, the ridicule that should have been his goes to someone else - Susie. She tries to help, but they tell her to get out. You've done enough, you klutz!' Finally, at the end of the day, as they are waiting for the bus, the boy walks over to Susie and whispers, 'You did that on purpose, didn't you?'  Susie whispers back, 'I wet my pants once too.' \n Answer: Four",
            "output": [
                "How many people in the story know the truth about the wet pants?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2496a4680a242b19686a2f6d421e55c",
            "input": "Article: Did you know that there are actually people who have paid for a flight to the moon? In the future, there will be a lot more opportunities to travel to faraway places than now... perhaps even as far as the moon. As people adventure further and further away and as planes, trains, cars, and rocket ships become faster, is it safer to have these vehicles controlled by humans or by computers? While many flights by plane are controlled automatically by machines, most people today wouldn't let their car drive itself. That's because currently the autopilot function on your car can only keep it on the same course you are travelling on. It won't turn the car right or left. It won't stop if an animal jumps in the way. However, cars today can sense when something is too close and warn the driver with flashing lights and alarms. Many cars also have GPS(global positioning systems) that tell drivers which road to take and when to turn. These systems, unlike human drivers, never get lost. In the future, it is easy to believe that your car will be better able to drive itself with the aid of computers that can determine the position of your car and the speed it should travel at. In addition to computers being 'smarter' than people regarding the best way to go or knowing how close another vehicle is, computers don't get sick, tired, or angry. This means they won't make the same mistakes that people make when they are not having a good day. While responding with emotion is a good thing when choosing the best way to deal with a friend's personal problem, it may not be such a good thing when deciding what to do at the wheel of a fast-moving vehicle. So what are the disadvantages of autopilot systems? Maybe one disadvantage is that a small computer problem could cause a serious accident. It could also be argued that in unexpected situations, computers might not be able to respond appropriately; some decisions require human emotions. Another problem might be that if everything were controlled by computers or robots, people wouldn't have any jobs. \n Answer: Technology of Future Travel",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b17f9bec4e7e4368af02b67e0cafb3f9",
            "input": "Article: Residence Inn   Milford Within 15 minutes from historic Yale University and New Haven, the Residence Inn Milford offers great facilities and first-class service for business or leisure travel. Our all-suites hotel near  New Haven is 1 hour from Bradley International Airport and 10 minutes from a Metro North train station that can get you to NYC in under an hour and a half. At our   Milford, CT hotel, enjoy spacious studio, suites that are 50 percent larger than traditional hotel rooms. Our suites offer hot breakfast buffet and a nightly social hour (Monday - Wednesday), on-site exercise room and outdoor swimming pool. Price: $ 119 per night Pet Policy: Pets allowed Check in time: 3 pm Marriott Detroit Southfield Newly renovated  , the Marriott Detroit Southfield Hotel is one of Detroit's most desirable hotel destinations. With excellent public areas, enhanced meeting spaces and carefully redesigned guest rooms, the Marriott Detroit Southfield Hotel meets the needs of business, leisure and group guests travelling to the Detroit area. This suburban Detroit hotel has a prime location that allows for easy access to the Detroit Zoo, Henry Ford Museum, Comerica Park, Ford Field and many of the other local activities in the area. It is open for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Price :$ 75 per nightCheck in time : 4 pm Comfort Suites Kodak 100 percent smoke free and pet free hotel conveniently located at the main gateway to the Great Smoky Mountains off Interstate 40 at exit 407, close to all the fun and excitement in Pigeon Forge, Gatlinburg, and Knoxville, including Dollywood, Dixie Stampede, Smokies Park, Sevierville Events Center, Tanger Outlet Mall, University of Tennessee and more. Guests enjoy waking up in our well-appointed guest suites featuring contemporary furnishings and LCD flat screen televisions, starting their day with our free breakfast, and relaxing in our indoor pool and exercise room. Price: $55 per night   Check in time: 3 pm The Swinton Hotel Located in the very heart of the centre of London, the Swinton Hotel is one of the leading Kings Cross hotels offering free breakfast. It allows easy access to all tourist attractions, shopping areas and transport connections; you have come to the right place if you are looking for brilliant Kings Cross Hotels. Whatever reason you are looking for cheap hotels in London and whether you are visiting on business, as a tourist or to enjoy the vast varieties of entertainment and nightlife, we will be more than happy to provide you with a safe and comfortable environment. The Swinton Hotel is situated in an ideal location for those travelling to or from London by rail. Price :$45 per night Check in time: 3 pm \n Answer: It is the cheapest of the four hotels.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Marriott Detroit Southfield?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-38d80c9facf74ab89fcba31fdc6b9405",
            "input": "Article: China is the biggest market in the world, and many countries such as Germany, the USA, the UK and Russia do a lot of business in China. Let's have a look at some important tips to help you be successful when dealing with these nationalities. First, you must be punctual   with Germans. Even 5 minutes late makes a bad impression. Being punctual is also very important in the USA. In the UK, it's important to be punctual for business meetings, but nobody expects you to be on time for a social event. Half past seven really means a quarter to eight, or even eight o'clock! With Russians, you should always be on time, though it is not unusual for them to be one or even two hours late! It is best to dress formally and wear dark colours when you meet people from all the four countries. In Russia, designer clothes are very common. Don't be surprised if you go to an office in the UK on a Friday and find everyone wearing jeans. Many companies have \"dress down Friday\", when people wear casual   clothes. In Germany, first names are only used by family members and close friends, so be prepared to use titles and last names. In the USA you will usually be invited to use first names almost immediately. The British are quite informal and using first names in business is more and more common, especially among younger people. In Russia, however, nobody uses first names, so use titles and last names. In conversation, the British and the Americans value humour, and both like to talk about sport. The weather is also a good topic of conversation with the British and the Americans, but avoid talking about politics. In Russia, say positive things about their country, but avoid making complaints. The Germans, however, prefer to get straight down to business! So, use these tips, and you will be on your way to a successful international business career! \n Answer: White.",
            "output": [
                "Which color should you NOT wear when meeting a person from the USA?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c4315ea3f7944a108b4187fa613885a3",
            "input": "Article: Dear Harry, You ask me whether you should spend the next three years at university,or get a job.I will give you three different answers. _  Answer A.You are ambitious.Your sights are set on going to the top,in business or the government.In today's high-tech times,big companies cannot be managed by uneducated amateurs.Even the middle managers are at a disadvantage unless they get a university degree and an MBA.Same thing in government. Anyway,you are too young to decide what you want to do for the rest of your life.If you spend the next few years at university,you will get to know the world--and yourself--before the time comes to choose your career. Answer B.Stop wasting your time on academia .Stop subjecting yourself to the boredom of textbooks and classrooms.Stop cramming for exams before you acquire a strong love for reading. The lack of a college degree will only be a slight influence on your career.In Britain,you can still get to the top without a degree.What industry and the government need at the top is not experts but leaders.The character traits which make people scholars in their youth are not the traits which make them leaders in later life.You put up with education for 12 boring years. Answer C.Don't judge the value of higher education in terms of careemanship.Judge it for what it is--a priceless opportunity to furnish your mind and enrich the quality of your life.My father was a failure in business,but he read Horace in the washroom until he died,poor but happy. If you enjoy being a scholar,and like the company of scholars,go to a university.Who knows,you may end your days as a Regius Professor.And bear in mind that British universities are still the best in the world.You have a first-class mind.Stretch it.If you have the opportunity to go to a university,don't pass it up.You would never forgive yourself. Tons of love, David \n Answer: Academic degrees.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author think play a key part in high-tech times?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b6c36a30b1e14f51a333152ab68185a8",
            "input": "Article: An increasing number of people are being allowed to finish the working week early during the summer months. Does your boss trust you to spend an afternoon in the sun? Each year the number of companies which offer employees the choice of an early finish to the working week grows. Or, perhaps, each year,more people who work on ordinary Fridays hear about people playing on summer Fridays. When the sun is shining,it makes sense that you should be given Friday afternoons off,right? Sadly,not all managers agree with the policy. Companies that offer employees Friday afternoons off usually expect the hours to be made up. UK publishers Pan Macmillan and Penguin Random House (PRH) are among those offering summer hours. At PRH, those who wish to take off Friday afternoons are expected to work an extra 45 minutes a day from Monday to Thursday. On Fridays, a rota ensures each team has been covered. \"Most of us don't leave at exactly lpm,\"Editor Anderson says. Depending on your workload,you might just leave an hour or so early,but it's still nice to do. \" Simon Hayward, CEO of Cirrus, says that the \"Summer Fridays\" policy requires trust, and that managers need to be seen to take advantage of the offer too. \"If a manager offers summer Fridays and then obviously expects employees to work on Friday afternoons, there is a risk associated with it that reduces the sense of well-being .I think there's a genuine fear in some organizations about flexible working hours. Do you trust your employees to do their best for the buti- ness as well as for themselves and their families,or do you fundamentally mistrust them?\" Managers in the former camp tend to be comfortable              with              summer hours. Those in              the latter worry that summer Fridays will lead to late Mondays and long-lunch Tuesdays. \n Answer: They might leave an hour early on Friday afternoon.",
            "output": [
                "What's the good policy for some employees in summer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-23565bc17ef842bfb17001ba33400843",
            "input": "Article: Reagan was walking down the street on his way to interview for a minimum wage job.He happened to cross paths with Bouvier, who was laying rock salt on the ground outside his restaurant, Papa Roux, after an ice storm had hit the area earlier in the morning. Bouvier said the 18-year-old approached him and asked how far it was to 10th and Sherman, Bouvier said the distance was at least seven miles, so he told Reagan that he would be better off taking a bus instead of walking, especially considering the freezing temperature.Reagan said \"thank you\" and kept on his way to the job interview. Later, Bouvier and his wife were driving to grab coffee, and they came across Reagan again -still walking.So they offered him a ride.Reagan shared with the couple that he was on his way to a shop to interview for a job, and he did not have money for bus fare.Reagan also shared that his mother had passed away and he was left to care for his two younger sisters.After his mom died a couple of years ago, he ended up dropping out of high school without obtaining a diploma. After hearing the teen's story, Bouvier told Reagan that even if he was offered the shop job, he would hire him and double his salary.Bouvier was impressed with the teen's ambition and work ethic  .Reagan accepted the job.He cannot believe how everything turned out for him, saying, \"I'm just too excited, just excited to start.\" Bouvier wanted to share the encounter   with his friends, so he wrote about it on Facebook.The story is going around, with more than 15,000 likes so far.People are applauding the teen's work ethic and Bouvier's generosity. One person wrote, \"You are a blessing from above, and some good will come to you.\" Another added, \"So kindness does exist? Warms my heart!\"          In addition, IndyGo, the local public transportation system, gave Reagan a free one-year pass. \n Answer: He was going to a job interview.",
            "output": [
                "What was Reagan doing when he came across Bouvier?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-442746c4c954498f88a6f0a20f6c9c7b",
            "input": "Article: JANUARY 15, 2014 KYOTO -- A father froze to death while sheltering his eight years old daughter from severe weekend snowstorms that swept northern Japan. Fujita Makoto, one of at least nine people killed as snowstorms swept across Hokkaido  , died as he tried to protect his only child Yumi against winds of up to 113 kilometers per hour in Hokkaido, as temperatures fell sharply to minus 6 degrees centigrade. Makoto's body was uncovered by rescuers looking for the pair after  s raised the alarm. Yumi was wearing her father's jacket and was wrapped in his arms. The pair had last been heard from at 4 p. m. on Saturday, after fisherman Makoto picked his daughter up from a school where she was being looked after while he was at work. Makoto called his  s to say his truck had become stuck in the driving snow, which was several meters deep in places. He told them he and Yumi would walk the remaining kilometers. The two were found just 300 meters from the truck at 7 a.m. on Sunday. Makoto had his body bent over his daughter, gently holding her in his arms and apparently using his body and a warehouse wall to provide shelter. The small girl was taken to hospital, where she was found to have no serious injuries. Her father was officially pronounced dead by doctors at the same hospital. The newspaper Yomiuri said Yumi's mother had died of illness two years earlier. The paper quoted neighbors as saying Makoto had been an extremely caring father who would often delay the start of his working day to enjoy breakfast with his daughter. His death came as families all over Japan celebrated Girls' Day, a festival in which they gather at home and decorate houses with dolls. \"He reserved a cake for his only daughter and was looking forward to celebrating Dolls' Festival together,\" a neighbor told the Yomiuri. \n Answer: Father dies sheltering daughter from snowstorm",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-77b0b915b6164027899a4c58dd36e47e",
            "input": "Article: If your child has mobile internet access, it will be more difficult to monitor  and control his or her internet use. Kids are turning to the internet for everything from hanging out with friends to shopping, which makes it harder for parents to keep track of their online activities. Fortunately, there are many choices for controlling what your kids see on their computers, laptops, and mobile devices. Content blockers and filters are great tools to use for younger kids. They allow you more control over where they go and what they do online. A content blocker can block some unhealthy websites or limit a child's search to the kind of sites. A content filter can scan sites and pictures and block those sites that contain certain words, key phrases, or content. Consider tracking software for older teenagers. This software enables you to see which sites your children have visited, tracking their path online. This tool gives young people more freedom to explore the Internet, but it also allows you to check that they are using the internet responsibly. Let your teenagers know that you trust them, but that you will be regularly checking that they are visiting appropriate sites online. Even if you use content blockers, filters, and trackers, you know that a lot of kids figure out ways to get around these, so it's important to remain alert . Remember that not all adult sites can be identified by blocker, filter, or tracker software. That's why it's important to talk to your kids about what to do when something inappropriate or scary comes up. Nothing can replace involvement and supervision  by adults. Keep monitoring how your kids use the internet on a regular basis without getting into the role of internet traffic police. \n Answer: Some choices for monitoring and controlling kid's internet use",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3da0cdbace704dcaa011bb3aa3b6135a",
            "input": "Article: Watching a child struggle to breathe during as asthma   attack is frightening for any parent. So it is only natural that most moms and dads will try just about anything, including spending a lot of money -to keep an attack at bay. Trouble is, more than half of parents are trying strategies that simply do not work and wasting hundreds of dollars in the process. According to Dr. Machael Cabana, a pediatrician at the prefix = st1 /UniversityofMichigan's C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, who led the study, one of the most common mistakes was to buy mattress cover to protect against dust mites for a child whose asthma instead was made by plant pollen  . Many of those parents then neglected to do what would have helped a lot more; shut the windows to keep pollen out. Another was using a humidifier for a child who was allergic to dust mites; a humidifier tends to be a place where dust mites like to breed. With those allergies, a dehumidifier works better. Worst of all was the number of smokers with asthmatic children who didn't even try to quit or at least limit themselves to smoking outdoors rather than just moving to another room or the garage. Many smoking parents purchased expensive air filters that have what Cabana called \" questionable utility. \" Part of the problem, Dr. Caban and his colleagues believe, is that parents are bombarded by television ads that encourage them to buy products such as air and carpet fresheners, ionizers and other remedies that are often expensive but medically unnecessary. And doctors may not always take the time, or have the time, to explain to parents what will and won't work in their child's particular case. For example, allergies are usually a problem for older children with asthma, while kids 5 and younger more frequently have trouble with viral repiratory infections. So make sure you understand what the cause of your child's asthma really is. \n Answer: Closing the windows to keep pollen out of the house.",
            "output": [
                "What can help the children who are asthmatic according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f62dd30c4c05401aa4865ed0bd2bda70",
            "input": "Article: Scientists in Colombia have trained a team of rats to help remove land mines from the countryside. Land mines are small bombs hidden in the ground and designed to explode  when someone steps on them. When trained, the rats can smell special metals in the mines and then signal  to their human team. Then why use rats for such an important job? In the past, dogs have been used to find bombs. Rats have a good sense of smell and can respond to orders, just like dogs do. But rats are much lighter than dogs. They stand less of a chance of setting off the mines, which explode under a certain amount of weight. What's more, the best rats are cheaper to keep than dogs. It costs about the same amount of money to take care of one dog as it does 70 rats. The rats have already been used in Tanzania, an African country with many land mines. Luisa Fernanda Mendez and her team in Colombia are training the even lighter Wistar rats. These are the white rats with red eyes that scientists often use in laboratory experiments. \" _ even train their babies to perform their jobs, which saves us a lot of time, \" Mendez said. Colombia has the second-highest rate  of deaths from land mine accidents in the world. Last year, land mines killed 695 people -- 56 of whom were children. A criminal group called the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, as well as other organizations, have placed the mines. FARC are strongly against Colombia's government. The group has placed mines all around its own bases and in many places in the countryside. In the past, the Colombian government hired peasants and poor farmers to find mines. Many of them died trying to find the well-hidden bombs. Colombian police official Erick Guzman hopes the team of rats can come to the rescue . \"These rats will be a great help,\" he said. \n Answer: By their excellent hearing.",
            "output": [
                "How do rats help to find land mines?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9c2143587a35430d8f80c0dbdbf9b1d1",
            "input": "Article: The UK's education system is ranked  sixth best in the developed world, according to a global league table published by education firm Pearson in October,2012. The first and second places are taken by Finland and South Korea.The rankings combine international test results and data such as graduation rates between 2006 and 2010. Sir Michael Barber, Pearson's chief education adviser, says successful countries give teachers a high status and have a \"culture\" of education. International comparisons in education have become increasingly significant - and this latest league table is based upon a series of global test results combined with measures of education systems, such as how many people go on to university. The two education superpowers - Finland and South Korea - are followed by three other high-performing Asian education systems - Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore. The UK is then only ranked at the head of an above-average group including the Netherlands, New Zealand, Canada and Ireland. These are ahead of a middle-ranking group including the United States, Germany and France. At the lowest end are Mexico, Brazil and Indonesia. These _ draw upon tests that are taken every three or four years, in areas such as maths, science and literacy - and so present a picture lagging by several years. Looking at education systems that succeed, the study concludes that spending is important, but not as much as having a culture that is supportive of learning. It says that spending is easier to measure, but the more complex impact of a society's attitude to education can make a big difference. The success of Asian countries in these rankings reflects the high value attached to education and the expectations of parents. This can continue to be a factor when families migrate to other countries, says the report. Looking at the two top countries - Finland and South Korea - the report says that there are many big differences, but the common factor is a shared social belief in the importance of education and its \"underlying moral purpose\". \n Answer: The result of one report about education system .",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1cf158e091ca4a9693a6cc07cf7f06f0",
            "input": "Article: To most of us,school means classes,teachers,schedules,grades,and tests.But for the children at Sudbury Valley School in Massachusetts,school is very different. Firstly,there are no lessons.All the children,aged between 4 and 19,do whatever they want.There are no teachers--only \"staff members\".The idea behind this is that you do not need to make children learn,because children want to learn anyway.\"You do not need to say to a three yearold,'Go explore your environment.'You can't stop them!\" says Daniel Greenberg,a founder of the school.\"But if you make children do what you want all day,they will lose all taste for learning.\" At Sudbury Valley School,you will permit children to talk,read,paint,cook,work on computers,study French,play the piano,climb trees or just run around.Two boys spent three years just fishing! The other way that Sudbury Valley School is different is that the children can decide the rules.Every week,there is a school meeting where both children and staff have one vote each--even the fouryearolds.They decide the school rules,how to spend the school budget,and even which staff they want and do not want any more. When the school first opened in 1968,people said it would never work.But today,the school has 200 students,and 80%of its students go on to college. Even the two boys who went fishing all the time have successful careers today.One of them is a musician and the other is a computer scientist. \n Answer: An unusual school.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main topic of the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1eba3e4ea1a14d69843bbf3f6e6b99c8",
            "input": "Article: Everyone knows that regular bedtimes are important, especially for children. But a research by Yvonne Kelly of University College, London, shows that daughters, it seems, do benefit from regular bedtimes. Sons do not. Dr Kelly and a team of colleagues examined the bedtimes and cognitive  abilities of 11,178 children born in Britain between September 2000 and January 2002, who took part in a research project called the Millennium Cohort Study. The bedtime information they used was collected during four visits interviewers made to the homes of those participating in the study. These happened when the children were nine months, three years, five years and seven years of age. Besides asking whether the children had set bedtimes on weekdays and if they always, usually, sometimes or never made them, interviewers collected information about family routines, economic circumstances and other matters--including whether children were read to before they went to sleep and whether they had a television in their bedroom. The children in question were also asked, at the ages of three, five and seven, to take standardised reading, mathematical tests, from which their IQs could be tested. Dr Kelly's report shows that by the time children had reached the age of seven, not having had a regular bedtime did seem to affect their cognition. But that was true only if they were female. On the IQ scale, whose average value is 100 points, girls who had had regular bedtimes scored between eight and nine points more than those who did not. Boys were not completely unaffected. Irregular bedtimes left their IQs about six points below those of their contemporaries at the age of three. But the distinction disappeared by the time they were seven. This difference between the sexes is puzzling. \"I did not expect it, and more research is necessary.\" said Dr Kelly. \n Answer: About seven years",
            "output": [
                "How long did the research last?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fc4d824faada44ecae433f86b13ef9ce",
            "input": "Article: Every electronic gadget   needs good memory. A music player stores songs, albums and playlists. A computer holds schoolwork and programs and remembers how far a player has advanced in his or her favorite game. Mobile phones store names, numbers and hundreds of texts. Now, scientists in California say they have come up with a way to turn a living cell into a memory device. It can store only one tiny bit of information, but it's a start. In the future, a cell-based gadget might travel through the body and record measurements. The benefit to human health could be big: the right tool, for example, might record the earliest signs of disease. Doctors, scientists and other curious people want to know what is happening inside the body, even at levels that can't be seen by the naked eye. So far, there is no device small enough to travel through the bloodstream. If normal machines won't do the trick, perhaps biology will. Scientists who work in the field of synthetic   biology are trying to find ways to turn living things into human tools. In the case of the new memory device, bioengineers from Stanford University used the genetic material inside living cells to record information. This genetic material consists of DNA. Found in nearly every cell, DNA carries all of the information that keeps a living thing alive. In the new experiment, the researchers turned DNA from bacteria  into a switch. They \"flip  \" a small section of DNA. Then, using the same procedure   , the scientists flip the section again--returning it into its normal structure. Using these DNA switches, \"We can write and erase DNA in a living cell,\" bioengineer, Jerome Bonnet, explained to Science News. It might take years before his team or others identity whether a DNA-based memory device might be practical. Right now, it takes one hour to complete a flip. That is far too long to be useful. Plus, a flipped section has a very small little memory--less than what a computer uses to remember a single letter. \"This was an important proof that it was doable,\" Bonnet told Science News. \"Now we want to build a more complex system, something that other people can use.\" \n Answer: To detect disease at the earliest point.",
            "output": [
                "What is possible future benefit of the cell-based gadget for people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72947ff523624185b25f725d1b1edb35",
            "input": "Article: Some caterpillars'  warning signals may have evolved   from walking.      A team, writing in the journal Nature Communications, reported that the hair-like structures   the creatures use to make sounds evolved from legs. The team studied caterpillars which use these structures to communicate their ownership of leaves. This means the caterpillars are able to \"tell\" strangers to go away without risking injury in conflicts. \"These are really interesting caterpillars,\" said Dr. Jayne Yack from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, who led the research. \"They make signals using hair-like structures which are on their back ends.\" The caterpillars drag these structures across the leaf to make scraping  sounds when strangers enter their \"leaf shelters\". \"When they make this signal, the strangers leave,\" explained Dr. Yack. \"It's like saying 'I'm here, get out of here --I already own this leaf'.\" The scientists looked at other species within the same group of caterpillars and created a \"family tree\" of the creatures. They used chemical markers to work out the relationship between the animals, showing which in the group were the more ancient species and which species evolved more recently. \"Those more ancient species actually don't have these sound-producing structures. They have legs that they use to walk towards strangers,\" said Dr. Yack. These more ancient species, she explained, walk towards strangers and try to attack them. \"They can kill each other in the conflicts,\" Dr. Yack added. She said that the evolution of the scraping show had allowed the caterpillars to solve their conflicts without fighting. \"So our idea is that these signals actually avoid damage to both sides --they solve conflicts in a more 'friendly' way.\" The study also provides a map of an evolutionary path that many other biologists are exploring. \n Answer: They may have evolved from caterpillars' legs.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about caterpillars' warning structures from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-be75c338dda84b08890eaccb20644b0d",
            "input": "Article: When you're returning to Australia, be careful that you don't bring in pests and diseases. Some items you might bring back from overseas can be pests and diseases that Australia doesn't have. When you return, declare all food, meat, fruits, plants, seeds, wooden souvenirs, animal or plant materials. Australia has strict quarantine laws and tough on-the-spot fines. Every piece of luggage is now screened or X-rayed. If you fail to declare any quarantine items, or if you make a false declaration, you will get caught. In addition to on-the-spot fines, you could be accused and fined more than $60, 000 and you may risk 10 years in prison. All international mail is also screened. Some products may require treatment to make them safe. Items that are restricted because of the risk of pests and diseases will be seized and destroyed by the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service(AQIS). In many cases, the goods you declare will be returned to you after inspection. However, any item that presents a quarantine risk will be withheld . You will be given a range of options for each item depending on the quarantine risk: Treating the item to make it safe; Holding the item until an import permit is presented*; * Re-exporting the item; Destroying the item. Those treatments with the sign \"*\" are subject to fees. Further information: For more detailed information about bringing in food, animals, plants, animal or plant materials, call the AQIS at 1800-020-504. \n Answer: A pair of glasses.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following don't you need to declare when returning to Australia?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e37d507e2590442a8aeb625f8e39b3b9",
            "input": "Article: It is a hot summer day,and you feel thirsty. A friend gives you a glass of cold lemonade.How do you feel when you see the glass? Will you describe your feeling as happiness or as pleasure? I believe you will say it is a feeling of pleasure.There is a connection between these two kinds of feelings,and sometimes one causes the other,but they are not the same.Pleasure is more dependent on the five senses while happiness is independent of them. When you are happy,little unpleasant events usually do not disturb you.When you are unhappy,you feel as if everything is against you.You may compensate for it by eating chocolate and sweets because this gives you pleasure;yet you stay unhappy.A person may smoke cigarettes because it gives him pleasure,yet,this does not make him happier,especially if he knows the fact that it is not good for his health The physical world is always in a changing state.At each moment a new thing is being created,changed,transformed and then destroyed.This is the normal state of things and no one can change it.If we stay still in a certain state,we are sure to experience unhappiness sooner or later.On the other hand,if we adjust to the environment,nothing can influence our moods.Then outer events have nothing to do with our inner joy of mind. The room of the mind was filled with worry or fear.If you are free of thinking about them, the room has been emptied,and then you will see what is happening and experience it When your mind stays quiet,you will see that happiness comes from the inside. \n Answer: You are free from worry or fear when your mind stays quiet.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, in which of the following situations can you feel happy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c583f4d95a6402db66eb2bd255010c0",
            "input": "Article: Treasure hunts   have excited people's imagination for hundreds of years both in real life and in books such as Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island. Kit Williams, a modern writer, had the idea of combining the real excitement of a treasure hunt with clues   found in a book when he wrote a children's story, Masquerade, in 1979. The book was about a hare, and a month before it came out,  Williams buried a gold hare in a park in Bedfordshire. The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of \"red herrings\", or false clues, to mislead _ . Ken Roberts, the man who found the hare, had been looking for it for nearly two years. Although he had been searching in the wrong area most of the time, he found it by logic, not by luck. His success came from the fact that he had gained an important clue at the start. He had realized that the words: \"One of Six to Eight\" under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII's six wives. Even here, however, Williams had succeeded in misleading him. Ken knew that Katherine of Aragon had died at Kimbolton in Cambridgeshire in 1536 and thought that Williams had buried the hare there. He had been digging there for over a year before a new idea occurred to him. He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill, in Bedfordshire, and thought that he must have buried the hare in a place he knew well, but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773. Even then his search had not come to an end. It was only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross that he decided to write to Kit Williams to find out if he was wasting his time there. Williams encouraged him to continue, and on February 24th 1982, he found the treasure. It was worth L3000 in the beginning, but the excitement it had caused since its burial made it much more valuable. \n Answer: A modern treasure hunt.",
            "output": [
                "What is the subject discussed in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72bba37f4cbe45fb9a419be267de4e32",
            "input": "Article: Frederic Mishkin, who's been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good at solving problems and expressing ideas. Whether he's standing in front of a lecture hall or engaged in a casual conversation, his hands are always waving and pointing. When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professor's office. It turns out, however, that Mishkin's professor had it exactly wrong. Gesture doesn't prevent but promotes clear thought and speech. Research demonstrates that the movements we make with our hands when we talk form a kind of second language, adding information that's absent from our words. It's learning's secret code: Gesture reveals what we know. It reveals what we don't know. What's more, the agreement (or lack of agreement) between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a clue to our readiness to learn. Many of the studies establishing the importance of gesture to learning have been conducted by Susan Goldin-Meadow, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. \"We change our minds by moving our hands,\" writes Goldin-Meadow in a review of this work. Particularly significant are what she calls \"mismatches\" between oral expression and physical gestures. A student might say that a heavier ball falls faster than a light one, for example, but make a gesture indicating that they fall at the same rate, which is correct. Such differences indicate that we're moving from one level of understanding to another. The thoughts expressed by hand motions are often our newest and most advanced ideas about the problem we're working on; we can't yet absorb these concepts into language, but we can capture them in movement.       Goldin-Meadow's more recent work strews not only that gesture shows our readiness to learn, but that it actually helps to bring learning about. It does so in two ways. First, it elicits   helpful behavior from others around us. Goldin-Meadow has found that adults respond to children's speech-gesture mismatches by adjusting their way of instruction. Parents and teachers apparently receive the signal that children are ready to learn, and they act on it by offering a greater variety of problem-solving techniques. The act of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and aiding the understanding of new concepts. A 2007 study by Susan Wagner Cook, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Iowa, reported that third-graders who were asked to gesture while learning algebra   were nearly three times more likely to remember what they'd learned than classmates who did not gesture. \n Answer: It draws tasteful responses from others and increases learning speed.",
            "output": [
                "How is gesturing important in acquiring knowledge?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-296b71db2bf84c7d9dcf18dfc1b7b510",
            "input": "Article: Elaine Yu Yee-nee, 15, Creative Secondary School Lockers are designed in a way to hide their contents for a reason. Otherwise, they'd have open fronts like cupboards. Searching students' lockers would be total invasion  of privacy. Having a locker is more than having a place to store your stuff. A locker also gives you the freedom to keep certain things hidden. These can include harmless personal items like diaries, letters and photos. Searching lockers could _ students and others might make fun of them. Yes, lockers are school property . But that doesn't give schools the right to inspect lockers as they please. While students are using lockers, they have the right to keep their contents private. Teachers could ask for permission to take a look inside a student's locker and if the student is OK with that, then it would be fine. Searching students' lockers without their permission would result in the loss of trust. I doubt that students who have something dangerous to hide, such as weapons or drugs, would put them in their lockers. They would not want to risk being caught so easily. Giving schools the right to search lockers would not help catch those who commit crimes. But it would certainly create an environment in which students would be embarrassed to have their belongings shown in public for no good reason. Ronald Ling Pak-ki, 20, University of Hong Kong Many students see their lockers as personal property. They would never agree that schools should have the right to inspect their lockers. But I think schools have an absolute right to do so. It is the schools that actually own the lockers. Students just use them to store some of their things safely and conveniently. There are clear rules on what items students can and cannot keep in their lockers. Schools have both the duty and the right to check if students are following the rules. I don't think school authorities would decide to search a student's locker unless they felt the need to do so. They might, for instance, suspect students of hiding drugs. To make sure that the process remains open and fair, only authorized teachers should have the right to search lockers. The search should be carried out in such a way as not to embarrass students in front of others. \n Answer: How to establish trust between teachers and students.",
            "output": [
                "What are .the two students talking about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1419421feeac4cc4bd4d0cbf937a70ca",
            "input": "Article: BEIJING, March 7 (Xinhua) -- Beijing will take a series of measures to tackle its environmental problems and is confident they will not derail its bid to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, an official said on Thursday. Beijing has formulated 84 measures to deal with environmental issue and air pollution, said Li Shixiang, Beijing's executive vice mayor, at the ongoing annual session of the National People's Congress, the top legislature. Beijing is expected to cut its current coal consumption by more than half to 10 million tonnes a year by 2017. It will also impose tough controls over industrial pollution and dust fall from construction sites, while reducing the number of newly added vehicles every year to 150,000, said Li. He said the Chinese capital will benefit from the experience of successfully holding the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Beijing and Zhangjiakou City in neighboring Hebei Province will launch a joint bid to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, the Chinese Olympic Committee (COC) announced in early November 2013. Beijing will bid to stage the ice events while Zhangjiakou will seek hosting rights for snow sports, according to the COC. Beijing has been _ by choking smog and it is a great concern for its chances of hosting the Winter Olympics. \n Answer: Smog will hurt Beijing's Winter Olympics bid.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8a0a40eb842a4327a9ac75fa99f8af08",
            "input": "Article: Many of today's parents fondly remember childhood days spent playing outdoors. When children make mud pies and observe ants, it may seem like just fun and games, but the truth is the outdoor play is an important part of growing up healthily. The National Association for the Education of Young Children reports that outdoor play reduces (make...less) stress and restlessness in children and improves their attention. Outdoor play is the perfect way to fight against the childhood's obesity(being fat).Research shows that children who play outdoors are more fit and thin, according to the National Center for Physical Development and Outdoor Play. Children who spend time outside on a regular basis  also have healthier immune   systems. And playing outdoors is a good way to get enough vitamin D. Playing outside enables children to relax , reduces tension and helps them solve problems. When children play outdoors, they learn to share and cooperate (work together) with one another. Kids who feel confident outdoors are likely to become able clever adults. The outdoors is a giant laboratory for learning that improves creative thinking and problem solving. Researchers have found that children learn best when their body, mind and spirit are involved  , and this appears in outdoor play. Outside activities develop all five senses, which create a powerful learning environment. The outdoors also lets children have the chance to explore  , experiment, form questions and create their own ideas about how the world works. Although there are the many advantages of outdoor play, time spent outside has been reduced for many of today's children. Kids today spend much more time in front of electronic media than children a generation   ago. The lack of outdoor play is tied to the childhood widespread obesity. And experts predict that the situation is so serious that this generation will have much trouble when they grow up. To get kids involved with the outdoors, encourage them to collect rocks, fly kites, climb trees, garden, camp, swim, go fishing, watch birds and butterflies or play games with other children. \n Answer: Because they spent time on computers and so on.",
            "output": [
                "Why don't the children play outdoors nowadays?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4988b2c0049d4d05a9db95352b5342bb",
            "input": "Article: Since the pre-historic times, man has had an urge to satisfy his needs.For food, shelter or a mate, he has always controlled the circumstances to the best of his advantages.Probably this might be the reason why we human are the most developed of all living beings on the earth, and probably also in the universe.As we climbed the steps of evolution, we somehow left behind common sense and logical thinking--we forgot that we have stopped thinking ahead of time. If you are hungry, what do you do? Grab a piece of your favorite meal and stay quiet after that? Just like your stomach, even your mind is hungry.But it never lets you know, because you keep it busy thinking about your dream lover, favorite star and many such absurd things.So it silently began to pay attention to your needs and never let itself grow.When mind looses its freedom to grow, creativity gets a full stop. Hunger of the mind can be actually satisfied through extensive reading.Now why reading and not watching TV? Because reading has been the most educative tool used by us right from the childhood.Just like that to develop other aspects of our life, we have to get help from reading.You have innumerable number of books in this world which will answer all, your \"How to?\" questions.Once you read a book, you just don't run your eyes through the lines, but even your mind decodes   it and explains it to you.The interesting part of the book is stored in your mind as a seed.Now this seed is unknowingly used by you in your future to develop new ideas.The same seed if used many times, can help you link and relate a lot of things, of which you would never have thought in your wildest dreams! This is nothing but creativity.The larger number of books you read, your mind will open up like never before.Also this improves your speaking skills to a large extent and also makes a significant contribution to your vocabulary.Within no time you start speaking English or any language fluently with your friends or other people and you never seem to run out of the right words at the right time. Actually, I had a problem in sped king English fluently, but as I read, I could improve significantly.I am still on the path of improvement.So, give food to your thoughts by reading. \n Answer: We have seized the opportunities in the process of evolution.",
            "output": [
                "Why are we humans the most developed of all living beings?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b8ed6816d3b74773a5ff42a11c0d5105",
            "input": "Article: ,.  Three-year-old Teddy Lasry was sleeping in his cowboy outfit   yesterday at his family's Fifth Ave.apartment when he shot up in bed screaming.A 3-foot-long black-and-white snake twisted around his left arm and had just bitten his little finger. \"The babysitter (a person taking care of children while their parents are away for a short time) was frightened to death,\" said Teddy's father, David Lasry, who, along with his wife, Evelyn, was at work when the snake appeared about 4:00 pm. The horrified babysitter called 911 and the building's doorman.The doorman and two cable TV workers helped take the snake off the boy's arm and put it in a garbage bag.Police rushed Teddy to Mount Sinai Medical Center, where he spent two hours attached to a heart monitor as a precaution in case the snake was poisonous.It wasn't.Experts at the snakebite treatment center at Jacobi Medical Center in the Bronx, where policemen took the snake, found out it was a non-poisonous California king snake. But how did it end up in Teddy's bed? A little detective work determined that the snake had escaped two weeks ago from its cage in the apartment of a doctor whose family lives four floors below the Lasrys.The apologetic owner said his son's pet snake likely traveled up the water pipes and into his neighbor's apartment.\"It's a very gentle, very harmless snake,\" he said.\"It's handled by our family all the time.\" David Lasry believed the pet was simply hungry after two weeks of wandering.Evelyn said her son seems to have overcome his fright by thinking of himself as a hero cowboy as he rode in the back of the police car to the hospital. \"I told Teddy he's a pretty snake, a nice pet snake who got out of his cage,\" Evelyn said.\"But he asked, 'Why did he bite my finger, Mamma?' And I said, 'Because he saw that you are a big boy, Teddy, in your cowboy outfit and he got scared.'\" \n Answer: She took the snake off Teddy's arm.",
            "output": [
                "What did the babysitter do after Teddy was bitten by a snake?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-62566c140ad24037aa10282e1611a5fa",
            "input": "Article: Two sculptures of life-size lions, each weighing about 5 tons in ancient times, have been discovered in what is now Turkey. The discovery of the massive lions, along with other pieces such as a large stone basin about 7 feet in diameter, left the archaeologists with a mystery ----what were they intended for? A search of the surrounding area revealed no evidence of a Hittite settlement dating back to the time of the statues. Also, the steep size of the sculptures meant that the sculptors likely did not intend to move them very far. Summers assumes that, rather than being meant for a palace or a great city, the lions were being created for a monument to mark something else- water \"I think it's highly likely that that monument was going to be associated with one of the very abundant springs that are quite close,\" he said in the interview, \"There are good parallels   for association of Hittite sculptural traditions with water sources\" Indeed one well-known monument site, known as Eflatun Pnar, holds a sacred pool that \"is fed by a spring beneath the pool itself,\" write Yiit Erbil and Alice Mouton in an article that was published in the most recent edition of the Journal of Near Eastern Studies. The two researchers were writing about water religions in ancient Anatolia (Turkey). \"According to the Hittite cuneiform texts, water was seen as an effective purifying element,\" Erbil and Mouton write, \"used in the form of cleaning or even full baths during ritual performances, its cleaning power is self-evident.\" To the Hittites the natural world, springs included, was a place of great religious importance, one worthy of monuments with giant lions. \"These things (water sources) were sacred, just as their mountains were sacred,\" Summers said. \n Answer: Mysterious",
            "output": [
                "According to the text ,how did the two life-size lions impress the archaeologists?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fbf9158f0d3345469900a8357c63670b",
            "input": "Article: Printing images is easy. Just select an image of a purple robot on your PC, for example, and press print. Your home printer exactly shoots drops of ink onto a flat piece of paper, creating the robot's 2-D image. \"Printing\" 3-D objects is different. Take the purple robot. First select a file of the 3-D printer. Immediately, the printer begins making noise, and a nozzle   releases plastic material in thin layers. In two or three hours, a 3-D purple robot is standing before you. 3-D printing has developed to the point where printers can now create high-quality objects using a variety of materials, including metals. That means 3-D printers can now make final products that meet high industrial standards. 3-D printers are already being used to make parts for racecars and jets as well as man-made limbs and hearing aids. So far, few homes have 3-D printers. That's because 3-D printing is not only new to most people but also quite expensive. To bring 3-D printing to the masses, some retail stores   plan to offer the service. For example, the Staples chain of office supply stores has announced that it will offer 3-D printing in Europe beginning in 2013. Customers will be able to submit their own 3-D designs to Staples website for printing. After the job is done, they'll pick up their item at a nearby Staples store or have it mailed to their homes. This service is sure to encourage many more people to try out 3-D printing. \n Answer: People with physical disabilities.",
            "output": [
                "According to this article, who are 3-D printed parts already helping?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7ff2c253fe5c40c899a077bcce7de7d0",
            "input": "Article: If the hackings   taught us anything in 2014, it's actually nothing. Password management firm SplashData released its list of the worst passwords of the year and it's just as terrible as you'd think. The most common leaked password in 2014 was \"123456,\" followed by \"password\" -- both topped the list the year before, too. While numbers were as popular as ever as passwords, sports terms like \"baseball\" and \"football\" were used more often. Birthday years were common too (especially 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1992) and names like \"Michael\", \"Jennifer\" and \"Hunter\" are also among the top 100 worst passwords of 2014. Here's a look at the top 10 worst passwords of the year: 1. 123456 (Unchanged from 2013)   6. 234567890 (Unchanged) 2. password (Unchanged)     7. baseball (New) 3. 12345 (Up 17)       8. dragon (New) 4. 12345678 (Down 1)      9. football (New) 5. qwerty (Down 1)        10. monkey (New) This year's worst passwords are painfully weak, but what were once considered clever password strategies -- using symbols, capitalizations, the number 3 in place of the letter \"e\" -- are old tricks. It's now recommended to pick a different password for each account you use -- you wouldn't use the same key in all of your locks, and the same goes for passwords. Companies like Facebook, Twitter and Apple are now trying to make hacking more difficult on their services by offering two-factor authentication  , which is basically like double locking your door at night. Each time you want to log into   that account, the company will send a code to your phone -- it changes after each login attempt, so hackers would have to be in physical possession of your smartphone to know the code. \n Answer: People are getting more experienced in picking their passwords.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d0a97cdc7fd54fa6b6db5ef4069b79ce",
            "input": "Article: Maybe you don't know the fact that the green forests we see from an airplane or from the highway can be false. Because centuries ago forests were twice as many as what they are today. A hike into many of those woods will tell different stories, too--of diseases and insects that are slowly killing trees, of some forests that are burned by fire, of logging that local people do more often. Deforestation  and degradation   of the world's forests mainly harm the basic ability of those ecosystems   to function or provide services, such as fresh water, air, plants and animals, which benefit people everywhere and keep the balance of nature.  Deforestation Forests today are a small part of what they once were. Nearly half of the world's forest cover is gone, and each year 40 million acres more are cut and replaced by agriculture and development. Over the next 45 years, wood use in the world is guessed to increase by 50 per cent over its present rate. Many of the forests that remain are severely destroyed, which harms the ability to protect birds or wild animals, and to supply natural resources to people. Deforestation also brings about between 20 per cent and 25 per cent of all air pollution causing global climate change. Degradation Forests continue to be degraded by some uses such as the gathering of wood for fuel, the arrival of pests and diseases that kill trees, the effects of climate change and poor management such as the fire, flood and so on. \n Answer: The ability of the ecosystems to function.",
            "output": [
                "What do deforestation and degradation of the forests mainly harm?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c0fe543ce6a4779a2a1560e73313442",
            "input": "Article: \"Teenager\" is the new term being used in the UK to describe kids at either 8--12 or 10--13 years old. More and more companies are beginning to create products and services for teenagers. The Disney Company sells music and film to teenagers and their parents. You can get everything from lunchboxes and mobile phone covers, to monthly fan magazines and clothing. It's all about sales, which suggests that teenagers must have more money, freedom and influence upon their parents than they've ever had before. Most kids in the UK today get more pocket money than kids did ten years ago. Parents have more money to give their kids than before, since parents are having fewer children. In addition, the divorce  rate in the UK is continually rising and parents spend less time with their children than they used to, so many parents try to please their children by buying them presents. It's a bad habit for both parents and kids to get into, but parents are under pressure from commercial marketing and the pleas  of their children. UK kids today are very media and computer-literate. A lot of kids have a TV, if not a computer, in their bedrooms. They have easy access to much more information about life and the world. They may have experienced a lot in life as well, since 24% of UK kids live in single-parent families, so people now say that \"kids are getting older younger\". With such maturity  at such a young age, it's no wonder teenagers are able to influence their parents and have more freedom than previous generations. UK teenagers never used to be worried about spending money on clothes. That's changed. Now, they are much more fashion  conscious and concerned about their image . Many of them outgrow the bright colors and fashions of kids years ago and go for something darker and more rebellious . Surely none of the above is a good thing. The UK government is certainly concerned, and for that reason has strict laws preventing companies from marketing their products and services at children. \n Answer: .Because children have more money to buy them.",
            "output": [
                "Why are more products and services created for teenagers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4fe9552c7aa34682848cc458e87953be",
            "input": "Article: Grandparents Answer a Call As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama's mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents. com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson's decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family. \"In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,\"says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate magazine for grandparents. \"We now realize how important family is and how important to be near them, especially when you're raising children.\" Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder. \n Answer: It strengthened her family ties.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Garza's move a success?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-de8d6a6d347b48bc9b853fed4f2d379b",
            "input": "Article: If English is not your first language, it is a good idea to take English language classes to improve your written and spoken communication skills. There are many ways to learn English. You can learn from a book, a DVD, on the Internet or by attending classes. One of the most successful ways to improve your English is to join a course in a country where English is widely spoken. The more you practice, the more you will learn. But why learn the English language? English is an important language for anyone who is planning to travel or become involved in business. Many people love travelling, but if their English is poor, it can be difficult to understand signs, read directions and make themselves understood. Before travelling, it is important to understand the culture and customs of the places you visit. Learning basic English before you travel will help you to understand these customs and avoid mistakes that could be embarrassing. When you are travelling, you will also enjoy meeting new people. If you can speak English, you will have a better chance of being able to communicate with the people you meet. Many of your new friends will speak English and others will have English as a second language. Without English, your friendships will be limited as you travel around the world. If you are involved in business, it is important to be able to communicate in English. The Internet, world travel and modern communication systems have made the world seem like a much smaller place. These days business people interact with customers and other business people from all over the world. That makes your English language skills more important than ever. There are many English language courses that major in business communications. Improving your English skills is one of the best things you could ever do to increase your chances of business success. \n Answer: Travelers.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of people is English important to according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cec41aebf4864c919408402fe417e5fd",
            "input": "Article: I was 9 years old when I found out my father was ill. It was 1994, but I can remember my mother's words as if it were yesterday: \"Kerrel, I don't want you to take food from your father, because he has AIDS. Be very careful when you are around him.\" AIDS wasn't something we talked about in my country when I was growing up. From then on, I knew that this would be a family secret. My parents were not together anymore, and my dad lived alone. For a while, he could take care of himself. But when I was 12, his condition worsened. My father's other children lived far away, so it fell to me to look after him. We couldn't afford all the necessary medication for him, and because Dad was unable to work, I had no money for school supplies and often couldn't even buy food for dinner. I would sit in class feeling completely lost, the teacher's words muffled as I tried to figure out how I was going to manage. I did not share my burden   with anyone. I had seen how people reacted to AIDS. Kids laughed at classmates who had parents with the disease. And even adults could be cold. When my father was moved to the hospital, the nurses would leave his food on the bedside table even though he was too weak to feed himself. I had known that he was going to die, but after so many years of keeping his condition a secret, I was completely unprepared when he reached his final days. Sad and hopeless, I called a woman at the nonprofit National AIDS Support. That day, she kept me on the phone for hours. I was so lucky to find someone who cared. She saved my life. I was 15 when my father died. He took his secret away with him, having never spoken about AIDS to anyone, even me. He didn't want to call attention to AIDS. I do. \n Answer: He worked hard to pay for his medication.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about Kerrel's father is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff265ee7308f4cc5b682496c7b958da6",
            "input": "Article: October 15this the Global Handwashing Day. Activities are planned in more than 20 countries to get millions of people in the developing world to wash their hands with soap. For example, donors  will give 150,000 bars of soap to schools in Ethiopia. Experts say people around the world wash their hands every day, but very few use soap at so-called important moments. These include after using the toilet, after cleaning a baby and before touching food. Global Handwashing Day is the idea of the Public-Private Partnership for Handwashing with Soap. Partners include the United Nations Children's Fund, American government agencies, the World Bank and soap makers Unlever and Procter and Gamble. The organizers say all soaps are equally effective at removing disease-causing germ . They say the correct way to wash is to wet your hands with a small amount of water and cover them with soap. Rub  it into all areas, including under the fingernails . Rub for at least twenty seconds. Then _ well under running water. Finally, dry your hands with a clean cloth or wave them in the air. The Partnership for Handwashing says soap is important because it increases the time that people spend in washing hands. Soap also helps to break up the dirt that holds most of the germs. And it usually leaves a pleasant smell. The Partnership for Handwashing also says washing with soap before eating or after using the toilet could save more lives than any vaccine or medicine. Hand washing could also prevent the spread of other diseases. When people get germs on their hands, they can infect themselves by touching their eyes, noses or mouths. Then they can infect others. \n Answer: Want to live a longer life?-wash your hands.",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e3313bbe21548e19f533c6078692786",
            "input": "Article: Parents are fuelling bad behavior among their children by attempting to \"buy\" their love with expensive gifts nowadays. Over recent decades we seem to have created a \"must have\" culture among our young people. Many mothers and fathers believe they are \"failing as parents\" if they are unable to ensure that their children have the latest toy, electronic devices (the lap-top, cellphones, Game Boy, etc.) along with their friends. In many cases, families also feel pressured to enroll   children in \"'every interest club or after-school activity that is available\" to fill up their time like most of the other children. But experts warned that the move might affect \"precious family time\" negatively. Graham Gorton, chairman of the Independent Schools Association, said that parents spent too much time filling their children's lives, which had a series of negative effects on \"the very precious family time that exists\". \"It seems that those times when a whole weekend without planned work was seen as a luxury   and a perfect opportunity to spend time together and share those valuable moments of childhood are long gone,\" Mr. Gorton said. \"As a child I only once said that phrase that parents feared 'I'm bored'. Immediately my mother took action and produced a list of jobs and then insisted that I complete every one of them. Though l didn't think cleaning all the floors could really get rid of my boredom, I enjoyed the feeling of staying at home with my mother and brothers.\" Earlier this year, some researchers suggested that relatively wealthy parents were sometimes guilty of failing to teach basic social skills to children. \"Often, it's the rich middle classes that buy off their children through the computer and the TV. That then sets them apart from their family, and then the parents are surprised when their child isn' t coming to school.\" \n Answer: That children must have what other children have.",
            "output": [
                "What does the \"must have\" phenomenon refer to based on the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1b2f94f488ee4c7fbafee14752715f73",
            "input": "Article: \"I had a test and didn't want to do it, so I pretended to be ill\", says 13-year-old Mary. But Mary did not enjoy her day off. \"It was boring. I wished I had gone to school.\" Mary's story is not unusual in Britain. According to the latest government figures, pupil absences are rising, despite schools _ truancy  . Dr Philip James from Cardiff University thinks she knows why: \"As schools make more efforts to find and punish missing students, students find better ways to avoid being caught.\" For several years, James has researched teenager truancy and discovered that most truancy was \"a response to factors within the school\". Students that skip school are not necessarily less advanced or less intelligent. They complained of teachers who failed to engage them, and of \"boring\" lessons. \"Many of them really enjoy school and believe in education, but drop out when aspects of it are ineffective.\" James says. The views of students like Adam, who believes that skipping lessons has little impact on his schooling, are common. \"I only take off for a lesson, or a couple of days. It doesn't affect my education,\" he told James. James believes that schools need to address the question of why pupils want to leave in the first place. \"Pupils need help from the start.\" she says. \"Schools need to look at the reasons for truancy rather than the number, so that instead of walking away from school, students have the skills and chances to talk through problems and make a change.\" \n Answer: They find some lessons and teachers uninteresting.",
            "output": [
                "What is one of the reasons that many students skip school according to James' study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f35a57fc120f42849be7c8ae8894331c",
            "input": "Article: China's new popular word, \"tuhao\", may be taken in  next year's Oxford English dictionary. The word caught the attention of the dictionary's editing team after BBC's recent program on influential Chinese words. \"If its influence continues, it is very likely to appear on our updated list of words,\" said Julie Kleeman, project manager with the editing team. Kleeman told the Beijing Youth Daily that \"tuhao\" has some similarities with the English word \"bling\", which refers to expensive, ostentatious   clothing or jewelry. Both the two words have existed for long but later on took a new meaning. In Chinese, \"tu\" means rude and \"hao\" means rich. It has traditionally been referred to rich people who throw their weight around in China's rural areas. In recent years, people in the ACG (anime, comic and game) circle borrowed the term to describe those who spend money in an unreasonable manner. The word gained acceptance in September with the launch   of Apple's new gold-colored iPhone, an item loved by China's nouveau riche  . The color became known as \"tuhao gold\".The word is now often used by the online community to refer to people who have the cash but lack the class to go with it. Kleeman also mentioned another Chinese word \"dama\" which may also be taken in the dictionary. \"Dama\", meaning middle-aged women, was first used in the Western media by the Wall Street Journal in May when thousands of Chinese women were buying up record number of gold. They were the driving force in the global gold market between April and June when the gold prices had dropped. \"People can have an intuitive  grasp of the meanings if they see pinyin\", Kleeman said adding that people avoided using an English word to keep the original meaning. The new words will be first uploaded on the official website before the dictionaries arrive. The online version is also renewed every three months. \n Answer: Because it is popular in online game circle.",
            "output": [
                "Why is the word \"tuhao\" likely to be taken in Oxford English Dictionary?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c1901bfa69634ddcb4fe80be38bdfecb",
            "input": "Article: As the old saying goes, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. But Venezuela, whose beauty queens have won Miss Universe and Miss World over six times, doesn't leave it to chance. In Venezuela, girls as young as four can be found attending beauty schools, where they can learn a range of skills from how to walk to the correct way to hold a wine glass. \"Hair must always be completely clean, make-up should look natural, and you should always, always wear high-heels,\" advises Andrea Reyes, a teacher in a school of Caracas with 160 students. Beauty contests are treated in Venezuela much as sporting competitions are elsewhere. Many Venezuelan parents believe that if their daughters can succeed and get the beauty crown, their future as famous and public persons is sure to come. As a result, the girls are trained to compete at a young age. Among former beauty queens are Irene Saez, who went on to compete for the country's president, and Eva Ekvall, whose battle with cancer helped to make more people know about the illness in Venezuela. However, voices against the trend can be heard all over the country. At one time, a feminist   group tried to stop the Miss Venezuela broadcast. President Hugo Chavez has spoken out against the culture of plastic surgery in Venezuela, calling it a \"frightening thing\". The BBC reporter Sarah Grainger says that acceptance of the contests is partly a result of the country's \"machista\"   view of the different roles that men and women should play, \"Men are supposed to be strong and brave and women to be gentle and beautiful\". Miss Universe 1996, Alicia Machado, knows the price to be paid when you're no longer seen as attractive. After winning the beauty contest, she said all she wanted to do was \"eat, eat and eat\". Her weight gain later and warning by the organizers of the contest to replace her as queen with the _ was among the hottest topics in the country, especially in Latin America. \n Answer: Fighting against cancer bravely.",
            "output": [
                "What's the advice given by a teacher in Caracas to her students?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d321d966f6d4088b5de307ad522be6f",
            "input": "Article: Computers are very important to modern life.Many people think that in the future computers will be used in lots of everyday life.It is thought that we won't have to go shopping because we will be able to get most things which are sold in shops on the Internet.There will be no more books because we will be able to get all texts from computers.The Internet will be used to play games, see films and buy food.Most telephone calls will be made by computers, too. Some people are glad about those new ways of shopping and communicating .Others do not think that computers will replace our old ways. Some people think that one day we will not read books made of paper. Instead, we will buy and read books using computers, which will keep many different books in them at the same time.We won't need to turn lots of pages and paper will be saved.Computerized   books will be used more and more. While many people say it is a pleasure to go into shops and look at things you want to buy.It is also unlikely that many people will want to read large texts on our computers. Because paper books will perhaps be more friendly.Maybe computers won't change these two habits. \n Answer: Computer can be used to play games",
            "output": [
                "Which is the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c62acbf101e0478bb5c9f2935fb8709c",
            "input": "Article: Movie makers at one time worried that they might be put out of business by television. Recently, however, more and more people have been going to the movies. This may be partly because the economic situation in America has _ When at the movies, people forget their troubles, as they get involved in the story on the screen. Also, directors have recently been producing pictures that large numbers of people want to see. Americans in the millions are returning to their love affair with the movies. Motion picture industry experts see two main factors responsible for this: an increased need by Americans to escape from economic worries and a large number of new movies with broad audience appeal. Movie makers admit that their rising popularity is partly the result of poor economic conditions, which traditionally bring an increase in theater attendance. \"When people are fearful about the future, they look for escape,\" comments Jack Valenti, president of the Motion Picture Association of America. \"In a shaded theater, with a 65-foot screen, you lose yourself for two and a half hours and people find this beneficial.\" \n Answer: That people preferred watching TV to seeing films.",
            "output": [
                "What did movie makers worry about before?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11b88721e2624f28960f5284817bd583",
            "input": "Article: There are fifty states in the United States. The largest in population is California,the largest in area is Alaska. Alaska is the smallest in population and Rhode Island is the smallest in size. The oldest states are the ones along the Atlantic coast. The newest states are Alaska and Hawaii. Alaska is also the coldest state. California and Florida are the warmer. Henry and his family live in Seattle, a big city, on the Pacific coast. But Los Angeles and San Francisco, also on the Pacific coast, are larger than Seattle. Henry's cousin, Susan, lives in New York. It is the largest city in the United States. Thousands of people visit New York each year. The most important city in the United States is Washington D. C. It is the capital, but it is much smaller than New York. \n Answer: Fifteen.",
            "output": [
                "How many states are there in the U. S. A ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-354524f2f9a24e338652c4f36c26a794",
            "input": "Article: Gardening can be a very relaxing hobby for many people and this wonderful experience is not just for adults. Children are interested in gardening as well, if given the chance to explore nature and science in this way. Gardening can bring joy to both children and their parents alike, especially when the experience is shared together. The time that is spent gardening together builds precious memories within their hearts and minds for years to come. When you are gardening with your children, try to give them their own special area. Keep their area in the center of the best soil and light, as you want to make sure of a successful gardening experience. Plastic tools easily break and are difficult to use in the dirt, so when you are gardening with your children, give them real tools to use if possible. Even offering to let them use your tools is a way to admit the worth of the work they are doing. It is also important to talk with your children about the whole process of gardening, from planting to the harvest. They need to understand how things work and the importance of what they are doing. Show off the children's gardening work by taking friends and visitors for a walking tour through the garden and point out the children's particular spot. When you give attention to the children's work, this is a great motivation  for children to continue wanting to be involved. Do not force children to take part when they are in a bad mood or if they are becoming bored. Instead, allow them to do something different, like building a scarecrow ! This makes the gardening experience even more interesting. As you work together side by side with your children, you will encourage a love of the land in them, as well as create lasting memories of time spent with you. \n Answer: Sharing the joy of gardening with children.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f49368433a1f426a91d0e3b57f152aec",
            "input": "Article: On March 19, 2013, Malala Yousafzai, a 15-year-old Pakistani student and women's-education activist , returned to the classroom for the first time since being attacked by a member of the Taliban on October 9, 2012. Malala was shot on her way home from school in Mingora, Pakistan. The Taliban  said that they did the attack. The group said the attack should be a warning to others. Malala was targeted  because she expresses her opinion publicly about girls' rights to education. After a long period of recovery, Malala is starting as a ninth-year student at Edgbaston High School. It is the oldest independent girl's school in Birmingham, England. Though she has no specific plans to return to Pakistan, Malala still speaks out as a voice for change in her country, and everywhere. \"I'm excited that today I have realized my dream of going back to school. I want all girls in the world to have this kind of chance,\" Malala said in a statement . Malala has been an Internet blogger since she was 11 years old. In 2011 she was awarded Pakistan's National Peace Award for her bravery in writing about the difficulties of life and education in the shadow of the Taliban. She has spoken publicly about children's rights and been nominated  for an international children's peace prize. \n Answer: She spoke publicly about girls' rights to education.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the Taliban attack Malala?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fd056be827f74a8d9bd84cba10ffe5d9",
            "input": "Article: In 1988, Mary Anderson was at the Miami airport checking in for a flight to Norway to be with her husband when she was told she wouldn't be able to check her luggage without paying a $100 surcharge   . Mary had no money as her new husband had left for Norway and she had no one else to call . \" I was completely desperate and tried to think which of my things I could manage without ,\" says Mary . As tears ran down her face , a voice behind her said , \"That's okay, I'll pay for her .\" Rather surprised , Mary turned around to see a tall man whom she had never seen before . He had a gentle and kind voice that was firm and decisive . Although this happened twenty years ago , Mary still remembers the authority that radiated  from the man . Mary was pleased to bring her luggage to Norway and told the stranger she would give his money back . The man wrote his name and address on a piece of paper and gave it to Mary . She thanked him repeatedly . When she finally walked off towards the boarding gate, he waved goodbye to her . That man turned out to be Barack Obama . Mary paid the money back to Obama the day she joined her husband . At that time he had just finished his job as a poorly paid community worker in Chicago , and had started his law studies at Harward University . In the spring of 2006 , Mary's parents heard Obama was considering a run for President . They wrote a letter saying that they would support him. At the same time , they thanked Obama for helping their daughter 18 years earlier . And Obama replied , \" I want to thank you for the lovely things you wrote about me and for reminding me of what happened at Miami airport . I'm happy I could help her then , and I'm delighted to hear that your daughter is happy in Norway . Please send her my best wishes . Sincerely , Barack Obama, United States Senator .\" \n Answer: She had no money to pay for the surcharge .",
            "output": [
                "Why did Mary feel completely desperate ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4cc3c937c3e7433d96b3e84a2de5657e",
            "input": "Article: When it comes to movies, we usually think of big actors, big budgets, big screens, and, if lucky, big profits. Unfortunately, that puts up some big barriers for aspiring   young filmmakers and their dreams. However, thanks to easy access to technology, that's all changing. All one really needs nowadays is a camera, a computer, an Internet connection, and, of course, a good idea. With that, you can enter the microfilm world. Shooting a movie using friends and family as the cast has become a common class project for high school students. After a little editing on a laptop, some even decide their creation is worth sharing online. Microfilms are shot within a short period of time and last only a few minutes or even shorter. Most are completed on an extremely small budget and offer a cheap way for grassroots directors to realize their dreams. With a range of film festivals, they have taken off due to being perfectly suited to new media platforms such as mobile phones and notebook computers. They are also easily shared across social networks and microblogs. But microfilms are far different from the shorts commonly found on YouTube. A microfilm must have a solid and thoughtful plot. Most importantly, the movies are easily distributed and there can be no concern about long-term box office profits. Most people who upload a microfilm simply see it as an easy way to share their fun with a few friends and family. Others may be curious about what sort of reaction their production may receive from the general public. \n Answer: Small costs for microfilms.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what helps promising microfilmmakers realize their dreams?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7bba6d3e3b254b4fbd71984b78e7a5a8",
            "input": "Article: Weather changes when the temperature and the amount of water in the atmosphere change. We can see and feel water coming from the atmosphere when we have rain. But the water must somehow get back to the atmosphere. Meteorologists call this the water cycle. There are many stages in the water cycle. Rain falls when water vapour in clouds condenses . Drops of water form and fall to the ground. The water soaks into the ground and feeds streams and rivers. A lot of rain falls into the sea. The heat of the sun evaporates some of the water in the ground and in the rivers, lakes, and the sea. It changes the liquid water into water vapour. The vapour rises onto the air. Water vapour is normally invisible. On a very damp or humid day, however, you can sometimes see water vapour rising from a puddle  or pond in a mist  above the water. Water vapour also gets into the air from living things. Trees and other plants take in water through their roots and give off water vapour from their leaves. People and land animals drink water and breathe out water vapour. In all these ways the water returns to the air. There it gathers to form clouds and condenses to form rain. The rain falls to earth, and the cycle starts again. It continues even if snow or hail  fall instead because both eventually melt to form water. The amount of water vapour in the air depends on the temperature. The air is more moist  in the tropics  than in the cold polar regions. \n Answer: Water cycle.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0b187ec8dbd047e2813940f51a557393",
            "input": "Article: A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and is never late in keeping an appointment. The unpunctual man, on one hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time. He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both time and his good name. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained. Time is more valuable than material things. In fact, time is life itself. The unpunctual man is for ever wasting and mismanaging his most valuable asset   as well as other's. The unpunctual person is always complaining that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or keep appointments promptly. But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time and seldom complains of want of it. He knows that he can not get through his huge amount of work unless he faithfully keeps every piece of work when it has to be attended to. Failure to be punctual in keeping one's appointments is the sign of disrespect towards others. If a person is invited to dinner and arrives later than the appointed time, he keeps all the other guests waiting for him. Usually this will be regarded as a great disrespect to the host and all other guests present. Unpunctuality, moreover, is very harmful when it comes to do one's duty, whether public or private. Imagine how it would be if those who are put in charge of important tasks failed to be at their proper place at the appointed time. A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by his friends or fellow men. \n Answer: A punctual person does everything at the right time while an unpunctual person seldom does anything at the correct time.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think is the main difference between a punctual person and an unpunctual person?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-66b40b24a6324b8f8e808bfe57939db8",
            "input": "Article: Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the website you've visited or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping calling habits In fact, it's likely that some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen. Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it's important to reveal yourself partly to friends, family and lovers at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to know who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret. The key question is: Does that matter? For many Americans, the answer apparently is \"no\". When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. 60 percent of respondents say they feel their privacy is \"slipping away, and that bothers me\". But people say one thing and do another. Only a small number of Americans change any behavior in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. Privacy economist Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will give up personal information like social security numbers just to get their hands on a 50-cents-off coupon. But privacy does matter-at least sometimes. It's like health: when you have it, you don't notice it. Only when it's gone do you wish you'd done more to protect it. \n Answer: There should be fewer arguments between friends.",
            "output": [
                "What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9f1b6a1ead1948a0a869fb433c325a20",
            "input": "Article: This morning, a Virgin Atantin 747 Jumbo Jet became the first commercial airplane to fly on biofuel. The short flight from London to Amsterdam used a blend of 20% babassu  oil mixed with 80% conventional jet fuel. What was really exciting about the flight was the fact that the engine did not have to be altered in any way for the biofuel to work While this is a great initial step in trying to reduce CO2(carbon-dioxide)emissions from airplanes. there are a lot of hurdles  that still need to be overcome. First and foremost, unlike the normal fuel used to run airplanes (known as Jet A),biofuel freezes at high altitudes. Also, Jet'A'fuel burns consistently (at the same pace),which means it provides a safe and reliable fuel for long flights--engineers are not sure if biofuel will be able to do the same. The biggest hurdle to a full biofuel switch is our ability to be able to grow enough crops that can be converted to biofuel. There are two concerns that scientists have in this matter - the first is that the land to grow the extra crops will come from clearing more of our forests and the second is that since it competes with what we eat, the price of food will go up. However, Richard Branson of Virgin Airlines, envisions that if biofuel starts to replace oil on a greater basis, it will be manufactured from algae produced in sewage treatment plants, not from food sources. Birgin Airlines is not the only one trying to look for alternative fuel sources. Earlier this year, an Airbus A380 used another alternative fuel-a man-made mix of gas-to-liquid, in one of its four engines. The flight was tested by Rolls Royce (manufacturer of jet engines), in partnership with Shell (an oil company). Rolls Royce is also working with Air New Zealand on a similar project. While a complete switch to alternative fuel may take years, it is very encouraging to see airlines, oil companies and airplane manufacturers all coming together to try to make it happen! \n Answer: To test plane engines on biofuel.",
            "output": [
                ".Why does Virgin Airlines try to replace normal fuel with biofuel?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bbe58113c4c74e8c836bcf6d86081880",
            "input": "Article: Why do parents have such a difficult time to communicate openly and honestly with their teens? For this, there are many reasons but most of them stem from not being able to properly understand their teens. It is a dangerous gap because parents will have to communicate with their teens about a wide variety of issues during the most important years of their lives. Thus, parents must know how to communicate openly and honestly with their teens. Here are a few tips to make communication easier between parents and teenagers. 1. Try not to talk down to your teens. Make them feel as if their views really matter, which not only helps your discussions with your teen but bring you closer to him. 2. Imagine what it would be like to be a teen. Try to remember some of the negative feelings you experienced as a teenager and apply it to your teen's situation. 3. Never make negative remarks to your teen about what she has said or done. 4. Remember how much courage it would have taken for your teen to come and talk to you about his personal issues. So listen respectfully. 5. Don't ignore your teen's feelings because it is usually a cry for help. For instance, if your teen is unusually angry, it may be time to spend a bit of quality time with your teen to determine what is wrong and where he is coming from. It is, therefore, necessary for parents to strive to keep lines of communication open at all times with their teens. Try to remember what it was like to be a teenager and how vulnerable you felt. Then you will be well on your way to help your teen communicate more openly and honestly. \n Answer: Because their parents are not honest.",
            "output": [
                "Why don't teens want to talk about their personal issues with their parents?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5e2214188d07468c9ae92080d03003d7",
            "input": "Article: \"You'll have to take care of the baby today,\" a woman told her husband . \" I'm not feeling well.\" \"Then you must stay in bed and rest, dear. \" her husband said. \"I'll be pleased to look after our baby. \" \"Thank you. I'll have a quiet day and I'll soon get better. \" his wife told him. \"Shall I do the shopping for you as well?\" her husband asked. She was very pleased and said, \"That will help me very much. I'll give you a list of things to buy. \" She wrote out the list and gave it to him. \"You can get all these things at the supermarket,\" she said. \"You can put the baby in the shopping cart, then you won't have to leave him outside.\" The man took the baby to the supermarket and put him in the shopping cart. Then he pushed the shopping cart along the rows of things to buy and looked for those that were on his list. At first all was well, but then the baby began to cry. Then he started to scream. And scream! And SCREAM! \"Keep calm ,George, \" the man said. \"Don't get excited. Don't shout, George. Don't lose your temper, George.\" A woman in the supermarket heard him saying these things. She walked up to him. \"I think you are wonderful ,\"she said. \"You are so patient with your little George. \" \"Madam, \"\" the man said, \"I'm George. He's Edward.\" \n Answer: His wife was not well.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the man take care of the baby?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4b6cba8d5de64ccfb2bed626bee7ea4b",
            "input": "Article: The Big Brother in the novel 1984 listens to everything and nothing can escape his ears . Now in reality , we have Facebook . The social media giant has never denied that it's keeping track of conversations you have near your phone ( if the Facebook app is open , that is ) , but not , one expert has told NBC that Mark Zuckerberg's empire may be keeping ears on you at a more regular basis . According to Professor Kelli Burns , who teaches mass communication at the University of South Florida , it may be listening more often than it lets on . To prove her point , Burns turned on the microphone feature on her phone , and said , \" I'm really interested in going on an African journey . I think it'd be wonderful to ride in one of those jeeps . \" Less than a minute later , when she checked her Facebook page , she was met by a story about a journey - the first post on her newsfeed . There was also a car ad on her page . While Facebook says that it's only keeping its ears open to help \" identify the music you're listening to and TV matches you're watching , \" Burns' little experiment suggests that there may be other motivations at play as well . But the social media company has denied claims that it records any conversations , and told The Independent , \" Facebook does not use microphone audio to inform advertising or News Feed stories in any way . Businesses are able to serve related ads based on people's interests and other statistic information , but not through audio collection . \" Whether you believe this statement or not , there are ways to stop Facebook from listening in at all . Simply turn off your phone's microphone by heading over into Settings ( if you're an iPhone user ) , going to the Privacy tab , then clicking on Microphone . From there , you can remove Facebook's mic privileges , and probably , stop the company from hearing your conversations . On Android , you can also go to Privacy under the Settings tab , and change Facebook's permissions . So the next time you're chatting with your friends about your summer vacation plans , keep an eye on your Facebook feed . There may be more participants in your conversation than you realize . \n Answer: Show ads based on your conversation .",
            "output": [
                "What might Facebook do if it is turned on ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a695b417f8d47d1a3ce5730e973b1f8",
            "input": "Article: \"REMOVE from friends.\" This is no ordinary button. One click and I have the power to erase a person from my life. In late fall, I had around 400 friends on Facebook. Today, I have 134. Click. Make that 133. When Facebook first entered my life in 2005, I panicked(, ) that my friend count was too low. If I wasn't properly connected, how would anyone see my clever quote ? Who would wish me a happy birthday? I accepted and sent out friend requests without a second thought and soon accumulated 391 friends. There is an appeal to being able to communicate with someone or just \"thumbs  up\" a photo rather than make real conversation. \"It's comforting and it's easy,\" said Larry Rosen, a psychology professor at California State University, who studies the way people communicate online.\" There's a sense of belonging in it. It's a sense of community in a generation where community has sort of  disappeared.\" However, I don't talk to half of these people in the online community. There are some I would avoid if I met them on the street. Click. 132. I decided to rid my account of any \"friend\" that...well, wasn't. Sound easy? You try it. Look at who you're dealing with: family, friends, classmates, crushes , acquaintances... With every click of the \"Remove from friends\" button, you risk burning a bridge, losing a contact and missing an opportunity. So every time I go to click the button, my heart hurts. However, I'm not the only one who has experienced a Faceboook friend refreshing. The New Oxford American Dictionary announces its \"Word of the Year\" each year, and last year, \"unfriend\" made the cut   (though I'll still stick with \"defriend\"). When I started my mission , _ . Most were surprised by how easily they could cut hundreds of connections without thinking twice. \"Oh my God, I defriended like 600 people today. I feel so good!\" my friend Sarah messaged. Dana, a close friend from high school, and I battled it out to see who could get our counts lower. She wins at 123. To some, it's poor \"netiquette \" to defriend. But to me, it's the stage of life when we hold onto the people who count, the people who impact you. \n Answer: The number of your online friends is reduced.",
            "output": [
                "According to the article, what happens when you click the \"Remove form friends\" button?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b7b9274789a14ff58893d0d8c308b723",
            "input": "Article: Characters in novels don't always do what the writer wants them to do. Sometimes they cause trouble, take on lives of their own, or even work against the writer. It's not just a problem for inexperienced authors: famed children's novelist Roald Dahl said he got the main character in his bookMatildaso \"wrong\"that when he'd finished his first version, he threw it away and started again. Of course it's not the characters' fault. The problem lies with the author. Take Stephen King, who admitted that writing working-class characters is more difficult nowadays because his own circumstances have changed. \"It is definitely harder,\"King said.\"When I wroteCarriemany years ago, I was one step away from physical labour.\" This is also true for characters' ages, added King.\"When you have small children, it is easy to write young characters because you observe them and you have them in your life all the time. But your kids grow up, it's been harder for me to write about this little 12-year-old girl in my new book because my models are gone.\" For other authors, such as Karen Fowler, there's one quality that can stop a character in its tracks: boredom.\"I had particular problems with the main character in my historical novelSister Noon,\"she says.\"She had attitudes about race and religion that seemed appropriate to me for her time and class, but they were not attitudes I liked. Eventually I grew quite bored with her. You can write a book about a character you dislike or a character you disagree with, but I don't think you can write a book about a character who bores you.\" According to Neel Mukherjee, it was Adinath, a character inThe Lives of Others, who made him work the hardest.\"I think I struggled because it's difficult to write a character whose most prominent personal feature is weakness, as Adinath's is, without making that feature define him,\"Mukherjee says. But a troublesome character is far from an unwelcome guest, he continues, arguing that \"when characters work against the author they come alive and become unpredictable\". \"That is a fantastic thing to happen,\"Mukherjee says.\"I celebrate it. It is one of the great, lucky gifts given to a writer.\" \n Answer: Some of its main characters were working class.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer about Stephen King's bookCarrie?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-31fc46b345bd4a7b8d5e02b9bcd2da0e",
            "input": "Article: Tragedy at the Circus In yesterday's circus show, a tiger suddenly attacked its trainer and had to be shot dead. As the circus packed up and left, circus officials said the show would go on, even without tigers. However, the officials cann't simply turn a blind eye to the ethical  problems left behind. Even before this tragedy , animal rights activists protested  against keeping wild animals in unnatural conditions and forcing them to suffer for the profit of circus organizers. It is now time for us to take effective steps to make sure that circus animals are treated properly. ******************************* Circus Safe for Animals Our circus recently suffered a most tragic event in its history. While we are thankful for the pity from the public, we are also astonished by the opinion expressed in \"Tragedy at the Circus. \" First, our performing animals are not taken from the wild. As to the ethical problems. we always believe humans and animals can--and should--live together nicely. To us, the performing animals are representatives of their species , and our circus is one of the only places left willing to support this special role of performing animals in the existence of the species. Those who argue that circus life is harmful to animals show little knowledge of these facts. Life in the \"wild\" is unsafe, but a continuous struggle for existence. To overlook these realities is the greatest fault against the animal kingdom. This circus has proven that animals are stronger and smarter than we could imagine. Within the circus is a joyful atmosphere for both animals and humans: people are educated, and species saved. \n Answer: To call for action to protect circus animals.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of the first passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fabeb09c2e51434cb8f7de362fa3b45a",
            "input": "Article: Thoughts claim our attention continuously, and waste our time and energy on unimportant and useless matters. They actually rule our life. We have become so used to this slavery, that we take it for granted, and have become unconscious of this habit, except on certain occasions. While breathing, we do not need to pay attention to each inhalation and exhalation. We become conscious of the process of breathing only when we have some difficulty with breathing, such as when our nose is blocked, due to a cold, or when we are in an unventilated  room. It is the same with thinking. We become conscious of the constant onslaught of our thoughts, and of our inability to calm them down, only when we need to concentrate, solve a problem or study. We are also aware of them when we have worries or fears. Look at the following familiar situation. You need to study something for an exam. You sit comfortably on the sofa with the book in your hands and start reading. After a while you feel hungry and go to the kitchen to eat something. You return to read, and then hear your people talking outside. You listen to them for several moments and then bring your attention back to the book. After a while you feel restless and switch on the radio to listen to some music. You continue to read for a little while, and then remember something that happened yesterday, and you start thinking about it. When you look at your watch, you are amazed to find out that one complete hour has passed and you have hardly read anything. And at this time, you feel you're thinking. This is what happens when one lacks concentration. Imagine what you could have accomplished if you could control your attention and focus your mind! \n Answer: When you waste your time.",
            "output": [
                "When can you feel you are thinking?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2caf12219dd444c09cea4d7aa301705b",
            "input": "Article: Ask anyone what is the most difficult part of changing their lifestyle habits and they are most likely to say, \"Staying motivated.\" But a 36-year-old professor from Carnegie Mellon University claims it may have the answer in the form of robot weight loss coach that dishes out daily health advice and encouragement. Autom is the work of Intuitive Automata, a company based in Sha Tin which claims to be a pioneer in commercial socially-interactive robots. The robot, which stands around 38 centimeters tall, has a head that swivels  , blue eyes, and a touch screen which allows the user to input information daily about exercise and diet Its creators say Autom will have a daily conversation with its user lasting up to five minutes, giving feedback and encouragement.Over time, it will interact more with the user as it gathers more information about them. Cory Krdd, a research team manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency claims research has shown that people find robots a more reliable source of information than on-screen-based character. In a controlled study in Pittsburgh City Council, 15 dieters were given Autom for six weeks. Another 15 received a touch-screen computer with identical software and 15 were given a paper log.The study found, people using the robot are more likely to stick with their diets longer, in fact twice as long as those using just a paper log. \"While not one person among the computer or paper groups continued past six weeks, most who had Autom did not want to give her back at the conclusion of the study,\" he said. The bottom line is that a robot creates a more powerful and long-lasting relationship with the user than a character on the screen. Autom is expected to go on sale later this year in the United States for around $500.A robot which speaks and understands Cantonese and Mandarin in addition to English according to the demands is also being developed. \n Answer: The automated way to motivation.",
            "output": [
                "What's the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f33512a2dcfe4e34b9bea9135c600210",
            "input": "Article: There are more than 100 million cars in the United States. An ordinary car gets less than 15 miles from each gallon   of gas. It travels about 10,000 miles each year. In that time, it uses about 650 gallons of gas. In all , automobiles use up some 70 billion gallons of gas a year. That comes out to be four-and-a-half million barrels a day. The importance of saving gas, then, cannot be stressed too much. Let's say, the fuel used by each car could be cut back just 15 percent. This could be done by making fewer trips each day. It could be done by keeping the automobiles in good shape. It could be done through better driving habits. If these were done, the nation's use of fuel would fall by close to two-thirds of a million barrels per day. Everyone can help to save gas. One way is to ride buses. Some could walk to work. Others could ride their bikes. Another way is to share a ride. People could share cars. About one-third of all cars are used for going to and from work. You can go shopping with a friend from time to time. If two people use a car instead of two, they all save. Driving stress   would be less, too, with fewer cars on the road. The savings on gas around the nation would come to more than one-half million barrels a day. Still another way to save is by cutting out trips one does not need to take. Can you find one car trip per week that could be done by telephone? Can you combine trips? If each car travelled 10 miles less each week, they could save three-and-a-half billion gallons of gas a year. This comes to nearly 5 percent of the total passenger cars demand for gas. The way people drive decides how much fuel they save. Careful drivers may get 20 percent more miles per gallon than ordinary drivers. They obey the 55-mile-per-hour speed limit. If just one gallon of gas were saved each week for each car in the country, a total of five-and-a-half billion gallons could be saved a year. \n Answer: An ordinary car cannot run more than 15 miles with one gallon of gas.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true about an average car according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-898e8cca250a44c48ea6e03e128cb4b3",
            "input": "Article: A murder will occur this weekend in the peaceful seaside town of Langley, Washington. In fact, a murder has occurred there every February for the past 25 years. But don't panic! It's all part of the town's yearly Mystery Weekend. What began as a local event in 1984 now attracts visitors from over the U.S. and even abroad. Would-be detectives arrive and check in at the visitor center on Saturday. There, they receive a packet, including a newspaper with details about the crime and information telling where to find clues . Participants then travel to various shops, restaurants and other downtown locations, picking up clues as they go. Along the way, they encounter and interview suspects played by local townspeople. Most Langley residents participate in some way in the Mystery Weekend, a true community event. Amateur detectives have until Sunday at 4:00 p.m. to solve the crime and turn in their guesses. Then as everyone gathers, the murderer is found and arrested, and prizes are awarded for correct answers. It's the perfect ending for a murder mystery and enormous fun for those who get to play detective. For visitors, Mystery Weekend is not only fun but also a great introduction to the charms of Langley. It's a very attractive community with historic buildings, exciting ocean views and above all, friendly people. Since Langley is on an island, a fun way to get there is by taking a car ferry to the nearby town of Clinton and then driving the rest of the way. Langley has a delightful selection of inns with bed and breakfasts that are open all year round. And activities in Langley aren't limited to Mystery Weekend. There is also great hiking, biking, golfing and diving to enjoy. And for a special adventure, visitors can book on one of the whale - watching ships that leave nearby harbors each day. \n Answer: By plane.",
            "output": [
                "How can you get to Clinton according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9982d692001d4e3abc1cb2c0f3d128cd",
            "input": "Article: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston HOURS The MFA is open 7 days a week. Monday and Tuesday: 10 am - 4:45 pm Wednesday - Friday: 10 am - 9:45 pm Saturday and Sunday: 10 am - 4:45 pm HOLIDAYS AND CLOSINGS The Museum will be closed on the following holidays: New Year's Day, Patriots' Day (third Monday in April), Independence Day (July 4), Thanksgiving, and Christmas Day. The Museum will close early on Wednesday, at 4:45 pm, June 11, and Thursday, July 24. ADMISSION Adults: $25 Seniors (65+): $23 Students (18+): $23 Youths 7 - 17*: FREE* Children 6 and under: FREE *Weekdays after 3 pm, weekends, and Boston public school holidays; otherwise $10. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION Take the T! Because our limited parking fills up quickly - especially during popular exhibitions, holidays, and school vacation weeks - we encourage you to take advantage of the MBTA, Boston's public transportation system (known by natives as the \"T\"). Subway Take the Green Line E train to the Museum of Fine Arts stop, or the Orange Line train to the Ruggles stop. Bus Take the 39 bus to the Museum of Fine Arts stop, or the 8, 47, or CT2 buses to the Ruggles stop. The MFA strives to maintain a safe, comfortable, and respectful environment for all visitors. We also take our role as guardians of the objects in our collection very seriously. Please enjoy all that the Museum has to offer and observe the policies listed here to help protect and preserve the art on view in the Museum. When Visiting the MFA Please Refrain   from the Following: Touching any art objects Getting closer than 12 inches to any unprotected artwork Gesturing within 2 feet of any artwork Smoking Chewing gum Running, yelling, or disruptive behavior Cell phone usage in the galleries Flash photography \n Answer: On Fridays.",
            "output": [
                "What day can you spend the longest at the museum?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18073477727d49ada7e59682c2d82778",
            "input": "Article: On my first day in America, I was excited, but nervous as well. It was my dear neighbor Susan who helped me get used to my new life far away from home. There was a knock at the door. When I opened it, Susan came in with a home-made apple pie. She hugged me and said:\"You must be the precious Chinese doll!\" With a big smile, she went on:\"Alice, I am sure you have never, ever tried a home-made apple pie before! You are going to love it so much!\" To be honest, I was greatly surprised by this welcome from a stranger. And the apple pie made me feel at home. Susan was very helpful to me. When I was thinking about a costume to wear on Halloween, she suggested I dress up like a traditional Chinese girl. \"I happen to have a traditional Chinese dress and guess what, I am a great make-up artist!\" she said. Susan didn't hide her excitement, when, after an hour of hard work, she pushed me to the mirror to examine our work. The clothes fit me perfectly! I am sure that I _ from the crowd that Halloween, and I am very grateful to Susan for her help. My first Thanksgiving was another highlight. On the festival morning, I was surprised to find a gift box in my front yard. There was a note on it:\"Hello Alice, I am the Thanksgiving bunny! Enjoy your gift!\" I looked around and caught Susan looking at me from the porch. Seeing that she had been caught, she awkwardly picked up a newspaper and pretended to read it. I couldn't help laughing. When I walked up to her, she said:\"It was not me. It was the Thanksgiving bunny!\" Susan is such a lovely person; she is the American above all others I need to thank. I saw that the spirit of the Chinese saying, that \"Neighbors carry more weight than distant relatives,\" is alive and well in America. Susan filled my heart with warmth and joy, just as angels do. \n Answer: Susan's visit on the first day.",
            "output": [
                "What made the writer feel at home in America?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6446860b7572475fa87677d42a1e75d6",
            "input": "Article: There are many colors in nature. But do you know if a color has weight? I think you'll say \"no\". But I am afraid you are wrong. If you don't believe, you may do a small experiment. First, put two objects  with the same weight into two boxes. Then cover the box. Third, wrap  one box with a red piece of paper, the other with a white piece of paper. OK. Now hold the boxes with your hand one by one. It is certain that you will think the red one is a little heavier. Why do you think so? A scientist found that different colors have different weights in a man's mind. So he did many tests and at last he got the result. That is to say, every color has its own weight in our mind and their order is the same. The heaviest color is red, then blue, green, yellow and white. The scientist told us that colors also have smell. Can you smell the color? Of course not. Then why did the scientist say so? That is because every color stands for  a kind of light with a certain wavelength . It reaches our brain through sense organs . According to this discovery, scientists say that people accept the colors they like, and refuse the colors they hate. So your body and mind will be healthy by using the colors you like. Or you'll be nervous or ill. For example, if you stay in a room with red windows, wallpapers and furniture for two hours, you'll feel you have been there for four hours. But if the room is blue, you'll feel you have been there for only an hour. Another example, if a person walks out of a red room and into a blue room, his temperature will fall. That means our body temperature will change with different colors. \n Answer: Because people can sense  the light from colors.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the scientist say colors have smell?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5535c246794c44e68972e067da2d52d5",
            "input": "Article: Energy is very important in modern life. People use energy to run machines, heat and cool their homes, cook, give light, and transport people and products from place to place. Most energy comes from fossil fuels--petroleum, coal, and natural gas. However, burning fuels causes pollution. Also, if we don't find new kinds of energy, we will use up all the fossil fuels in the twenty-first century. Scientists are working hard to find other kinds of energy for the future. What might these sources of energy be? Energy from the wind All over the world, people use the power of the wind. It turns windmills and moves sailboats. It is a clean source of energy, and there is lots of it. Unfortunately, if the wind does not blow, there is no wind energy. Energy from water When water moves from a high place to a lower place, it makes energy. This energy is used to create electricity. In Brittany, France, for example, waterpower produces enough energy to light a town of 40,000people. Waterpower gives energy without pollution. However, people have to build dams to use this energy. Dams cost a lot of money, so water energy is expensive. Energy from the earth There is heat in rocks under the earth. Scientists use this heat to make geothermal energy. San Francisco gets half of the energy it needs from geothermal power. This kind of energy is cheap, but it is possible only in a few places in the world. Energy from the sun Solar panels on the roofs of houses can turn energy from the sun into electricity. These panels can create enough energy to heat an entire house. Solar power is clean and there is a lot of it in sunny places. But when the weather is bad, there is no sunlight for energy. \n Answer: Energy is the most important power in the word.",
            "output": [
                "What does this passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d20d660c7ad34eb7b6be86bc09ec7422",
            "input": "Article: On November 8,all flags in Finland were flown at half-mast .People were showing their respect to the victims of a high school tragedy.The day before,an 18-year-old boy opened fire at his high school, killing seven other students and the principal before ending his own life.    The first school shooting in Finland since 1989 _ the nation where gun crime is rare and people enjoy a high standard of living.While the police are busy searching for the killer's motives,another issue is creating debate in the North European country----the right to carry a gun.     Finland is one of a few developed Western countries that allow private possession of guns.The right to bear arms is deeply rooted in Finnish culture.Anyone older than 15 can buy a gun from certain shops,and gun clubs are popular places to hang out. The high school shooter was a member of the Helsinki Shooting Club,which has 1,500 members         Descendants of hunters,Finns have survived by hunting and fishing for thousands of years.But today hunting is just done for entertainment.And its land,half of which is covered by forest,provides an ideal site for hunting.         In Finland,there are about 56 guns for every 100 people.That figure is higher than any other country in the world except for the United States and Yemen.In comparison with those two nations,however,Finland has largely avoided bloodshed caused by firearms,at least until last week.However,the recent event proved the need for stricter gun laws.         Petri Oinonen,a gun dealer,said the shooting did not surprise him.\"It was only a question of when this was going to happen,not if it was going to happen.\" \n Answer: Finland has much bloodshed caused by firearms.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true about Finland?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-94c173d24c554c689f47fcdcb7e5a31a",
            "input": "Article: The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet   is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth.  On 17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth's atmosphere with a massive explosion.  About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed. Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole. The wall of water, a kilometer high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned.  Before the waves reach South America, the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina.  Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains. The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes. Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north won't escape for long.  Because of the explosions, the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. The sun won't be seen again for many years. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later, no more than 10 million people remain alive.  Could it really happen? Will we meet the same end? \n Answer: An event of imagination.",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly described in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-158a104c0fa74de78a8952fafbafa6c0",
            "input": "Article: 56yearold becomes 1st woman to swim Atlantic (AP)-Jennifer Figge pressed her toes into the Caribbean sand, excited and exhausted as she touched land this week for the first time in almost a month. Reaching a beach in Trinidad, she became the first woman on record to swim across the Atlantic Ocean--a dream she'd had since the early 1960s,when a stormy transAtlantic   flight got her thinking she could wear a life vest and swim the rest of the way if needed. The 56yearold left the Cape Verde Islands off Africa's western coast on Jan.12,2009, swimming 19 out of 25 days battling waves of up to 30 feet.The distance from Cape Verde to Trinidad is about 700 miles.Crewmembers are still computing exactly how many miles she swam. The original plan was for her to swim to the Bahamas--a distance of about 2,100 miles--but inclement   weather forced her to change her plans and she arrived at Trinidad on Feb.5.She now plans to swim from Trinidad to the British Virgin Islands,ending her voyage at the Bitter End Yacht Club in late February. Her journey came a decade after French swimmer Benoit Lecomte made the first known solo transAtlantic swim,covering nearly 4,000 miles from Massachusetts to France in 73 days.No woman on record had made the crossing. Figge wore a red cap and wet suit,with her only goodluck charm   underneath:an old,red shirt to guard against chafing  ,signed by friends,relatives and her father,who recently died.The other cherished   possession she kept onboard was a picture of Gertrude Ederle,an American who became the first woman to swim across the English Channel.\"We have a few things in common,\"Figge said,\"She wore a red hat and she was of German descent  .We both talked to the sea,and neither one of us wanted to get out.\" \n Answer: After her graduation from a university.",
            "output": [
                "When did Jennifer Figge want to swim across the Atlantic Ocean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4bc42be200f6409db02e2b9829c857b2",
            "input": "Article: The bumpy structure of walnuts is similar to the brain.Some Chinese believe eating walnuts will make them smarter because of that.By the same logic,they believe eating pig brains will increase their intelligence.This kind of food myth is true to Americans,too. Some Americans regularly eat uncooked eggs to keep their minds sharp.        Most doctors don't recommend eating either raw eggs or animal brains.Then, what food is good for your brain? Scientists have found a relationship between diet and a healthy brain.It's becoming pretty clear that the right food can increase brain power--help you pay attention, keep you motivated,improve memory, and  _ stress.Perhaps even prevent brain aging.        The health of your brain depends not only on how much(or little)fat you eat but on what kind it is.Intellectual performance requires the specific type of fat found most commonly in certain fish.Besides oily fish,you should introduce lots of dark green leafy vegetables and color1ful fruits into your diet.Most people lack the special vitamins that these brain foods provide. But you won't do well on your test just because you ate fish the night before. You must eat brain foods regularly. \n Answer: Certain vegetables.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is needed if people want to strengthen their brain power?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bf14fb97dad443bebe239ed7f4bf82ab",
            "input": "Article: Some fish may contain harmful chemicals, which can be the result of both natural causes and water pollution. Mercury   is a poisonous chemical, which occurs naturally in oceans and the Earth's crust  , but also comes from man-made sources, such as farm chemicals, burning garbage, oil, coal, etc. Polyclilorinated bipheuyls (PCBs), a group of chemicals, can also be found in some fish. These man-made chemicals were used in many industries until 1977, when they were banned. PCBs were released or leaked into (lie tar and water and have bear transported around the globe. How do mercury and PCBs end up in fish and the food supply? When they arc released into the air, they attach themselves to particles .These particles settle on the ground and in the water and are eventually eater by micro-organisms. Small fish cat the micro-organisms, and large fish eat the small fish and on up the food chain. Because they can negatively affect your health, the U.S. Eavirotunental Protectioc Agency advises that kids younger than 15 years old avoid fish that cortain high levels of mercury and PCBs. These include shark, swordfish, king rrnackerel, and tilefish. There are also many types of fish that are good for you, but arc in danger of being wiped out because of ovcrfishing. Sonic are being fished in the wild so much that they cannot reproduce enough to survive.Others re being farmed in ways that are not environmentally friendly. These fish include red snapper.Atlantic salmon, bluefnn tuna. and king crab. Despite these problems, there are several fish that are both healthy and sustainable  , such as Alaskan salmon, American catfish, Pacific cod, and several fans-raised fish and shellfish. \n Answer: They arc a kind of man-made fish food.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true of PCBs according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c3b40703dc34931ac5220b555049a11",
            "input": "Article: He could have been president of Israel or played violin at Carnegie Hall, but he was too busy thinking. His thinking on God, love and the meaning of life graces our greeting cards and day-timers. Fifty years after his death, his shock of white hair and hanging moustache still symbolize genius. Einstein remains the foremost scientist of the modern time. Looking back 2,400 years, only Newton ,Galileo and Aristotle were his equals. Around the world , universities and academies are celebrating the 100th anniversary of Einstein's \"miracle year\" when he published five scientific papers in 1905 that basically changed our grasp of space, time ,light and matter. Only he could top himself about a decade later with his theory of relativity. Born in the age of horse-drawn carriages, his ideas launched a technological revolution that has made more changes in a century than in the previous two thousand years. Computers, satellites, telecommunications, lasers, televisions and nuclear power all owe their invention to ways in which Einstein exposed a stranger and more complicated reality underneath the world. He escaped Hitler's Germany and devoted the rest of his life to human rights and peace with an authority unmatched by any scientist today, or even most politicians and religious leaders. He spoke out against fascism and racial prejudice. His FBI file ran 1,400 pages. His letters expose a disorderly personal life - married twice and indifferent toward his children while absorbed in physics. Yet he charmed lovers and admirers with poetry and sailboat outings. Friends and neighbors fiercely protected his privacy. \n Answer: Black long hair and moustache, with his eyes deep set.",
            "output": [
                "When you think of Einstein, what typical appearance was formed in your mind?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af4b33b6296c4dc7902750067ddf5cbe",
            "input": "Article: Almost anywhere in the world, you can probably see graffiti  . Although it's usually more common in big cities, it can be found in almost any community, big or small. The problem with graffiti art is the question of whether it's really art. This isn't always an easy question to answer, simply because there are so many different types of graffiti. While some simply consists of collections of letters, known as tags, with little artistic value, such examples are easy to find, especially on larger spaces such as walls. If it weren't for the fact that most graffiti is placed on private property without permission, it might be more commonly recognized as a legal form of art. Most graffiti, however, annoys the property owner, who is more likely to paint over it or remove it than accept it as art. Many ways of removing graffiti have been developed, such as paints that dissolve graffiti paint, or make it easy to remove. Community groups and government departments often organize graffiti-removal teams. It hardly makes sense to encourage artists to deface   private or public property; but perhaps there are ways to work with them rather than just oppose them. Graffiti artists can, for example, create murals   for property owners, and get paid for them. Maybe we need to start at a very basic level, and find a way to encourage the creation of graffiti art on paper or canvas rather than on walls. After all, who would remember Monet or Picasso if they'd created their masterpieces on walls, only to have them painted over the next day? Finding a solution to such a complex problem is never going to be easy, but with more and more graffiti art being recognized in galleries around the world, we do need to try. \n Answer: Is Graffiti Art?",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73e977c9ea9744928b2d81b3d939be28",
            "input": "Article: On a summer day, John was sitting on a beach in Hawaii with his parents. The six-year-old child suddenly said he was so lucky because he had so many toys to play with at home. His surprised parents replied that he was lucky, since a lot of kids didn't have any toys at all. \"How can that be?\" John said, confused, but then he said that he would like to get toys for those children. His parents naturally thought their son was just kidding. But as soon as they returned home, John began using his pocket money to buy toys for other kids and asking his friends to do the same. His parents responded by organizing pizza suppers for other families interested in helping other children that can't afford to buy toys. John thought that he just wanted to cheer those kids up. John's parents started to find a place that would allow children as young as six and seven to volunteer. They finally find a day care center for disabled children to let John and his friends visit. They went and played with these kids, playing around the room as if they belonged there. John and his friends named their work Kids Cheering Kids. John and his friends visited kids at some childcare centers, helping out with a party they organized. They also prepared a performance for children with disabilities. Their activities have drawn public concern. The spirit of helping is as fresh as it was that day in Hawaii. \"The whole purpose,\" John says, \"is to make the kids feel better.\" \n Answer: Because he wanted to make them happy.",
            "output": [
                "Why did John get toys for the children who didn't have any toy at all?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d55e6b3be3d545c6a9f81de82ac9a95d",
            "input": "Article: Singles' Day, also called Double Eleven, began as a day for unmarried or uncoupled people to celebrate their lives on November 11, 1993. In China, however, Singles' Day has become the biggest online shopping day in the world, which was created in 2009 by Alibaba's CEO Daniel Zhang to increase online sales. Since then, it has grown into a cultural phenomenon. China Singles' Day, as a shopping day, takes place on November 11 each year. There are sharp _ and other promotions   designed by Alibaba to attract online customers. In 2015, E-commerce giant Alibaba broke records with sales of $14.3 billion on China Singles' Day, with online sales increasing 60 percent from last year, according to Alibaba. \"Most people shop on mobile phones or ipads and online shopping has become a comfortable channel for most consumers\", said Kitty Fok, China manager for market research. \"China is a big market with close to one billion smart, connected device users. It is good news for both Alibaba and their competitors,\" she said. The company is focusing on international e-commerce for future Singles' Days, reported Reuters. \"Within the next five years, we expect China will become the world's largest e-commerce market for imported products,\" President Michael Evans told reporters on Wednesday. Alibaba Chief Executive Daniel Zhang said in a statement that Singles' Day would mean that \"the whole world will see the power of Chinese consumption.\" Over 130 million users visited Alibaba's marketplace app, Taobao, reported the BBC. \n Answer: Increase online sales",
            "output": [
                "What does Alibaba expect to do on Singles' Day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7b33e5e9de884fe29e74ccf689f45bcc",
            "input": "Article: The Chinese invented paper in 105 A. D. They mixed the bark of a tree and rags   with water, put a screen into the mixture, and lifted out a thin piece of wet paper. They dried the paper in the sun. The Chinese kept their secret of how to make paper until a war with Muslims in the ninth century. The art of papermaking soon spread throughout the Muslim world. The Mayan Indians in Central America and Pacific Islanders also discovered how to make paper, but their knowledge never spread to the rest of the world. For centuries, all paper was made by hand. Rags were the main material. Then a French scientist discovered that people could make paper from wood, too. Finally, in the eighteenth century. a Frenchman invented a machine to make paper from wood. \n Answer: All of the above.",
            "output": [
                "Who discovered how to make paper?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57cc8e514b624cab91a6da9d43e9f05b",
            "input": "Article: It would be hard to find a person in America who has never eaten a hamburger, but this popular food was not originally made in America. The original hamburger can be traded back to the Middle Ages, when Russians ate raw meat that was scraped   and shredded  with a dull knife and formed into patties  , It was called Tartar steak. This was the first step in a long series of developments that eventually resulted in hamburger as we know it today.    German sailors picked up the raw meat delicacy   in their contacts with Russians and brought it back to their home port of Hamburg. But the people there were unused to eating raw meat , so they broiled   the outside of the Russian steak; thus the hamburger steak was born.    The hamburger steak was brought ot America in the nineteenth century immigrants. Louis Lasssen, a cook in New Haven, Connecticut, modified  the hamburger steak by sandwiching it between two pieces of  bread. But the true American hamburger came into existence in St. Louis at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904. A harried cook at the fair quickly slapped broiled beef patties between buns and served them to a demanding crowd, which gulped them down joyously.  At first this new food creation was made from scraps of poorer cuts of meat that were not used for anything else, but before scrapes were not enough. The demand for greater quantities of hamburger could only be met by using more and better cuts . Hamburger stands sprang up all over the country, and a side industry of condiments , such as ketchup and relish, grew \n Answer: The First Hamburger Stand",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0d72abe6e2b84abcb1eb18cc07052e28",
            "input": "Article: Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum  Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don't need to book. They end around 21:00.  November 7th  The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early \"civil engineers\".  December 5th  Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London's ice trade grew.  February 6th  An Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.  March 6th  Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.  Online bookings:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/book  More info:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson  London Canal Museum  12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT  www.canalmuseum.org.uk www.canalmuseum.mobi  Tel:020 7713 0836 \n Answer: November 7th.",
            "output": [
                "When is the talk on James Brindley?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69e9a0049f5e49158629794110263be4",
            "input": "Article: It appears that the police now have a device that can read license plates and check if a car is unregistered, uninsured or stolen. We already know that National Security Agency can dip into your Facebook page and Google searches. And it seems that almost every store we go into these days wants your home phone number and ZIP code as part of any deal. So when Edward Snowden -- now cooling his heels in Russia -- revealed the extent to which the NSA is spying on Americans, collecting data on phone calls we make, it's not as if we should have been surprised. We live in a world that George Orwell predicted in 1984. And that realization has caused sales of the 1949, dystopian  novel to spike dramatically upward recently -- a 9,000% increase at one point on Amazon. com. Comparisons between Orwell's novel about a tightly controlled totalitarian  future ruled by the everywhere-present Big Brother and today are, in fact, quite similar. Here are a few of the most obvious ones. Telescreens -- in the novel, nearly all public and private places have large TV screens that broadcast government propaganda  , news and approved entertainment. But they are also two-way monitors that spy on citizens, private lives. Today websites like Facebook track our likes and dislikes, and governments and private individuals hack into our computers and find out what they want to know. Then there are the ever-present monitoring cameras that spy on the ordinary people as they go about their daily routine. The endless war -- In Orwell's book, there's global war that has been going on seemingly forever, and as the book's hero, Winston Smith, realizes the enemy keeps changing. One week we're at war with Eastasia and friends with Eurasia. The next week, it's just the opposite. There seems little to distinguish the two opponents, and they are used primarily to keep the people of Oceania, where Smith lives, in a constant state of fear, thereby making disagreement unthinkable -- or punishable. Today we have the so-called war on terror, with no end in sight, a generalized societal fear, suspensionof certain civil liberties, and an ill-defined enemy who could be anywhere, and anything. Newspeak -- the fictional, stripped-down English language, used to limit free thought. OMG (Oh my God), RU (Are you) serious? That's so FUBAR (Fucked Beyond Ail Recognition). LMAO (Laugh My Ass Off). Memory hole -- this is the machine used in the book to change or disappear embarrassing documents. Paper shredders   had been invented, but were hardly used when Orwell wrote his book, and the concept of wiping out a hard drive was years in the future. But the memory hole foretold both technologies. So what's it all meant? In 1984, Winston Smith, after an intense round of \"behavioral modification\" -- read: torture-- learns to love Big Brother, and the difficult world he was born into. Jump forward to today, it seems we've willingly given up all sorts of freedoms, and much of our right to privacy. Fears of terrorism have a lot to do with this, but dizzying advances in technology, and the ubiquity of social media, play a big part. There are those who say that if you don't have anything to hide, you have nothing to be afraid of. But the fact is, when a government agency can monitor everyone's phone calls, we have all become suspects. This is one of the most frightening aspects of our modem society. _ Unless you spend your life in a wilderness cabin, totally off the grid, there is simply no way the government won't have information about you stored away somewhere. What this means, unfortunately, is that we are all Winston Smith. And Big Brother is the modem surveillance state. \n Answer: The similarities between the world we live in and that of 1984.",
            "output": [
                "What caused 1984 to sell well on Amazon.com?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-798a9e6a68f149d2a4a8785b0ca3bd4c",
            "input": "Article: An old man lived in a certain part of London, and he would wake up every morning and go to the subway. He would get the train right to Central London, and then sit at the street corner and beg. He would do this every single day of his life. He sat at the same street corner and begged for almost 20 years. His house was dirty, and the bad smell coming out of the house was horrible. The neighbors could not stand the smell any more, so they asked the police officers to clear the place. The officers knocked down the door and cleaned the house. There were small bags of money all over the house that he had collected over the years. The police counted the money, and they soon realized that the old man was a millionaire  . They waited outside his house expecting to share the good news with him. When the old man arrived home that evening, one of the officers told him that there was no need for him to beg any more as he was a rich man now, a millionaire. But the old man said nothing at all; he went into his house and locked the door. The next morning he woke up as usual, went to the subway, got into the train and sat at the street corner and continued to beg. Clearly, this old man had no great plans, dreams or anything significant for his life. We learn nothing from this story other than staying focused on the things we enjoy doing. What makes us happy is what matters in the end, not what we acquire. \n Answer: Because the neighbors of the old man asked them to do.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the police officers clear the old man's house?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51f7f0bd94af4eb2bbe0df82a38dc158",
            "input": "Article: More than a hundred reporters from around the world thronged and bustled in the Stock Exchange Building in Stockholm's Old Town for about an hour before the doors to the Swedish Academy swung open. Notably, there were many Japanese reporters present, hoping to break the news that Haruki Murakami had won the prize. Finally, the Swedish Academy's Permanent Secretary Peter Englund stepped out from the doors and said Canadian short story writer Alice Munro has won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature. The following is a truncated Q&A with reporters and Englund. (The questions have been simplified and clarified.) Why did Alice Munro win? We gave her the Nobel Prize in Literature because she is a master of the contemporary short story. Which book to begin with? One of the amazing things about her is that she has no weak works in her writing. She has always worked to the best of her ability; she has always cultivated the short story to perfection. And she has never really written a weak or bad book. So you can take your pick. 'The Moons of Jupiter' was the first book I read by her and you can see both her different themes in that book and also her very special narrative mode, you can find it there. She tells her stories a bit like nobody else. She has a very economical language and sparse style. You can find that in 'The Moons of Jupiter.' You can take your pick. The latest one is obviously very interesting, 'Dear Life,' which contains a number of autobiographical sketches at the end that gives a key to the entire authorship of Alice Munro. How was she informed? Well, I left a message on her answering machine. I couldn't reach her and it was of course pretty early in the morning. But she will be notified by courier, by email to her both agents, by standard mail and so on. What kind of message did you leave? Basically, congratulations! You've won the Nobel Prize in literature. What's the Importance of a woman winning? Don't ask me. We picked her for excellence, nothing else. Of course it matters when you start doing the headcount. But she is no representative. She has received this prize just because of what she has done. Nothing else. So the sexual balance doesn't count? We don't have these kinds of quotas; thank god ... We don't have any quotas. We could, if we wanted to, award this prize four times in a row to a children's book writer working in the United States. If we wanted to. We can do as we please. We don't have to fill any quotes in any direction. We just give it to authors who show an extraordinary literary quality. One of these is Mrs. Alice Munro. \n Answer: They had expected that Haruki Murakami would win the prize.",
            "output": [
                "Why were there so many Japanese reporters in the Stock Exchange Building in Stockholm's Old Town?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-da0c587ad78b4acca59b35fd035768a8",
            "input": "Article: In this life, what did you miss? The wife asked the husband when she was 25. Despondently, the husband replied: 'I missed a new job opportunity.' When she was 35, the husband angrily told her that he had just missed the bus. At 45, the husband sadly said: 'I missed the opportunity seeing my closed relative before his last breath.' At 55, the husband said disappointingly: 'I missed a good chance to retire.' At 65, the husband hurriedly replied: 'I missed a dental appointment.' At 75, the wife did not ask the husband anymore, the husband was kneeling in front of the very sick wife. Remembering the question the wife used to ask him, this time he asked the wife the same question. The wife, with a smile and peaceful look, replied: 'In this life, I did not miss having you!' The husband was full of tears. He always thought that they could be together forever. He was always busy with work and trifles. So much so he had never been thoughtful to his wife. The husband hugged the wife tightly and said: 'Over 50 years, how I had allowed myself to miss your deep love for me.' In the busy city life, there are many people who are always busy with work. These people revolve their lives around their jobs, these people sacrifice all their times and health to meet the social expectations. They are unwilling to spend times on health care. They miss the opportunity to be with their children in their growing up. They neglect the loved ones who care for them, and also their health. Nobody knows what is going to happen one year from now. Life is not _ , so always live in the now. Express your gratitude to your loved ones in words. Show your care with actions. Treat everyday as the last episode of life. In this way, when you are gone, you loved ones would have nothing to feel sorry about. \n Answer: he missed the opportunity seeing his closed relative.",
            "output": [
                "What did the husband miss when his wife was 55?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51e53a4c56ee4efd8debf8403cc5a6bb",
            "input": "Article: During his college years, Rogers spent his summer holidays at an Idaho logging camp  . When Roy, the manager, had to leave for a few days, he put Rogers in charge. \"What if the workers refuse to follow my orders?\" Rogers asked. He thought of Tony, a worker who was always giving the other men a hard time. \"Fire them,\" Roy said. Then, as if reading Rogers' mind, he added, \"I suppose you want to fire Tony if you get the chance. I'd feel bad about that. Tony is the most reliable worker I've ever had. I know he complains a lot, but he comes first and leaves last. There has not been an accident on the hill where he works for eight years.\"  Rogers took over the manager's job the next day. He went to Tony and spoke to him, \"Tony, did you know that I'm in charge today?\" Tony didn't show any respect or interest. \"I was going to fire you because you once gave me a hard time, but I want you to know I'm not,\" he told Tony, adding what Roy had said. When Rogers finished, tears streamed down Tony's face. That day Tony worked harder than ever before --and he smiled for the first time! Rogers went back to school after that summer.  Twelve years later he met Tony again. He was in charge of one of the largest logging companies in the West. Rogers asked him how he managed to become so successful. Tony replied, \"If it were not for that time you spoke to me back in Idaho, I would not be myself today. That one minute changed my whole life.\"  Have you got one minute to appreciate someone? It can make a difference for a lifetime. \n Answer: He worked hard but he always complained.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about Tony is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1721a22c886e409e8b9d4c49b75f580d",
            "input": "Article: Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some way. Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different times on the calendar. In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year at midnight on January 1st. People may go to parties, dress in formal clothes -- like tuxedos   and evening gowns, and drink champagne at midnight. During the first minutes of the New Year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead. But some cultures prefer to celebrate the New Year by waking up early to watch the sun rise. They welcome the New Year with the first light of the sunrise. It is also a common Western custom to make a New Year's promise, called a resolution. New Year's resolutions usually include promises to try something new or change a bad habit in the new year. Many cultures also do special things to get rid of bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes. The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh (again). Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the new year. Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck is to eat grapes on New Year's Day. The more grapes a person eats , the more good luck the person will have in the year. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year. In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas   for good luck -- but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them! \n Answer: The passage doesn't say.",
            "output": [
                "Which culture celebrates New Year in the morning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51a5f40174b54c6991dd90b356d86596",
            "input": "Article: When I was in primary school, sometimes I would meet a girl of the same age as me. Lisa was never active, but she was always very sweet and nice. In the 5th grade she came to my class. She was absent  a lot , and one day I had the courage to ask why. She told me she was sick, and she explained she wore a wig  because her medicine made her lose her hair. We left it at that. Anytime Lisa came to class--seldom--I would hang around with her on the playground. I received much ridicule   from my friends for this because they thought I was ignoring them for Lisa. My family education taught me to be nice, and I felt Lisa's needs were much more important than others I knew. It had been months since Lisa was in our class, and one day our teacher was crying. She explained Lisa died the day before and would no longer be our classmate. She told us Lisa had fought a battle  with cancer for years. I was shocked. Lisa never spoke of her illness as if it could kill her. Well, all these years I have kept Lisa in my mind and heart. When I go through the important events in my life, I think of Lisa. I've had a strong wish recently to find her mother and father. I'd like to tell them that though they never met me, their daughter had a sweet effect on my life. I have no idea what her parents' first names are. I write to your column  and hope you can point me in the right direction. Lisa was such a lovely girl. Maybe her parents would be comforted by the fact that after all these years they are not the only ones who remember her. \n Answer: Because she always played with Lisa.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the author being laughed at?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9d23dc81e36409fb5e27c329c27b53d",
            "input": "Article: Europe's first major university department to promote research into government and public policy will open in Oxford under new plans. In a hugely significant move, Oxford University will create a new school of government in 2012 following aPS75 million donation by Leonard Blavatnik, the American industrialist and philanthropist .The school is intended to train outstanding graduates from across the world in the skills and responsibilities of government.The move is being backed by world leaders including Nelson Mandela, Bill Clinton and Kofi Annan. Andrew Hamilton, Oxford's vice - chancellor, said: \"The school represents a huge milestone in Oxford's history.It will give tomorrow leaders the best of Oxford's traditional strengths alongside new and practical ways of understanding and meeting the challenges of good governance. \"The university has educated 26 British Prime Ministers and over 30 other world leaders, yet until how the major international schools of government have all been outside Europe, principally in the United States.\" Under plans, the Blavatnik School of Government will provide a series of practical courses leading to a Master's degree.It will cover a range of subjects including the humanities, social sciences, law, science, technology, health, finance, energy and security policy. Oxford said Mr Blavatnik's donation was one of the most generous in the university' s 900 year history The university itself will be investing an additionalPS26m in the school, as well as land in the Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, where the school will be located. Lord Patten, Oxford's chancellor, said: \"This is a once - in - a - century opportunity for Oxford through the Blavatnik donation, Oxford will now become the world's leading centre for the training of future leaders in government and public policy - and in ways that take proper account of the very different additions, institutions and cultures that those leaders will serve.It is an important moment for the future good government throughout the world.\" \n Answer: Oxford school of government under plans.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-889536a3e9df4e7983b14a7abdd13704",
            "input": "Article: Although Paris is often considered the city of romance, close to a million adults who call it home are single. Many single people say that France's capital is one of the most difficult places to meet people. The complaints of this lonely group have inspired a new phenomenon known as \"supermarket dating.\" At Galerie Lafayette Gourmet,singles can shop for more than just the items on their grocery list. They can look for someone who has blue eyes, brown hair,and is 1.8 meters tall,or whatever may be on their romantic shopping list. At this Paris location,single people of all ages can schedule their shopping for Thursday nights between 6:30 and 9:00 p.m. When they walk through the door,they pick up a purple basket to advise that they are looking for love. They try to arrive early because the baskets disappear quickly, and then they have to wait in line for their turn to wander the store aisles . With purple baskets in hand, shoppers can consider their romantic options while they pick out their groceries. When they are ready to pay, they can go to the checkout line for singles who want to chat. Most of the people who look for love in the supermarket are skeptical of Internet dating. They know that it is easy to embellish one's appearance or to lie about one's age over the Internet. The supermarket, on the other hand,is considered a safe and casual environment in which to meet a potential match. In addition, what one finds in another's grocery basket can say a thing or two about that person's character or intentions. Buying pet food can be a man's way of showing a potential match that he has a sensitive side. Women who fill their baskets with low-fat food show their healthy style of living. These ways it's possible to find much more than food at a grocery store. \n Answer: The difficulty in meeting people.",
            "output": [
                "What do many single people in Paris complain about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-094fa290bccc4b708e6ab759674f6134",
            "input": "Article: I decided to go back to school in the fall of 2010 for not being happy with my current job and financial status. I got my Associate   in May 2002 in commercial art. After graduation, I had trouble getting a job in that field. For years, I was going from one job to another, and I was not satisfied with unstableness  . I decided to go back to school to study either international business or psychology  . I weighed the _ of both professions and psychology won. I like helping my friends and family. When they are faced with hard situations in their life, I'd like to give them sound advice and be honest with them. Also, I was interested in the \"mind\". I searched for online schools because my work schedule would not allow me to study in a classroom. I was nervous about taking online classes because I had heard mixed stories from my friends who were taking online classes. I decided to do it anyway to experience something different. I wanted to find an online school that was affordable and believable. While I was doing the online search, I discovered Walden University, which is specially for working adults who want to have a bachelor's degree or higher. The process of getting accepted was easy, i.e. writing an essay on why I wanted to attend their school, sending my previous credits  , etc. I am currently enrolled in the bachelor's program for psychology, and I am paying for college via financial-aid loans  . This experience has been interesting and yet upsetting as sometimes it was difficult to balance work, school and home life. I have learned a lot about psychology and myself. For example, I like writing about current events, relationships and traveling. I thought my English composition was ordinary, but after taking a few classes at Walden University, I have improved my English composition and it has made me feel confident enough to start writing professionally. Now I am a freelancer   and I am only three classes away from getting my bachelor's degree in psychology. It is one of the best decisions I have made in my life. \n Answer: Commercial art.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author study in the first place when he was in college?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c555b2739750480d9b957a7579fd96e2",
            "input": "Article: Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill effect on people's physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particles, and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorm, earthquakes when winds are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens. When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue  , excessive anger, and some particularly sensitive people feel sick or even suffer mental disturbance. Animals are also affected, particularly before earthquakes, snakes have been observed to come out, rats to flee from their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California. Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with streams or waterfalls. To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionisers. They claim that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat. \n Answer: It's a charged particle.",
            "output": [
                "What is an ion according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c25d26220320404a9c0435c1261098e3",
            "input": "Article: Anyone who has worn a cast   knows that rebuilding muscle strength once the cast is removed can be difficult. Now researchers at the Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI) at Ohio University have found that the mind is _ in maintaining muscle strength following a long period of not moving and that mental imagination may be key in reducing the associated muscle loss. Strength is controlled by a number of factors----the most studied by far is skeletal muscle. However, the nervous system is also an important, though not fully understood, determining factor of strength and weakness. Brian C. Clark and colleagues set out to test how the system functions in strength development. They designed an experiment to measure changes in wrist   muscle strength in three groups of healthy adults. Twenty-nine subjects wore a hard cast that extended from just below the elbow   past the fingers, effectively preventing the hand and wrist from moving, for four weeks. Fifteen subjects who did not wear casts served as the control group. Of the 29 people wearing a hard cast, half were asked to regularly perform an exercise, imagining they were strongly contracting their wrist for five seconds and then resting for five seconds. This was repeated four times in a row followed by a one-minute break for a total of 13 rounds per session and five sessions per week. The other half performed no imagination exercises. At the end of the four-week experiment, both groups who wore casts had lost strength in their unmoving limbs   when compared to the control group. But the group that performed imagination exercises lost 50% less strength than the non-imagination group. The nervous system's ability to fully make the muscle recover also returned more quickly in the imagination group compared to the non-imagination group. \n Answer: The number of the subjects in the experiment was 29 in all.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4a81c59678b14524a5b1a98123109aa4",
            "input": "Article: Everyone needs friends. As the old saying goes, \" No man is an island\" . In other words, no one can survive without the help and friendship of others. One can hardly live without a friend. Society is made up of people , and making friends is a very important part in our life. Friends can give you a lot. Firstly, if you have trouble with some problems, you can talk to your good friends and exchanged opinions . Thus you will feel comfortable and encouraged.Secondly, if you wish to do some physical exercises, such as playing table tennis, you can play with friends and have a good time, In short, we need friends. But what is true friendship ? Some people think friends are people whom they can play with, others believe true friendship lies in similar interests . However, in my opinion, \"A friend in need is a friend indeed\". True friendship can encourage you when you are in difficulties . True friends can give you warnings against danger. True friends not only share with you your joy and happiness but also your trouble and anxiety.When you need him he will give you a hand and  _ . Of course, these principles are the same to you when you treat your friends. \n Answer: Everyone needs friends' help and friendship.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author want to tell us by saying, \"No man is an island\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4c367e05e874b5ab7e8adf55ec8b6c5",
            "input": "Article: We all know that Paris is a popular travel destination, which has much more to offer than just seeing the Louvre and the Eiffel Tower that are well-known. Experience this amazing city through some of its secret places. River Boats Tour the heart of Paris by boat along the Seine River! Boats offer 8 must-see tourist stops along their boat tour route. The cost is 13 Euros for a whole day of river boating with stops for tourists to walk through the Parisian sites. There is a 15-minute interval between two boats. Boating along the Seine is a good way to drink in the unique atmosphere of Paris! Children's Science Museum If you are travelling to Paris with kids, the Children's Science Museum is the perfect place to visit. The Children's Science Museum has many exhibits for children. Some exhibits exercise a child's cognitive skills. The cost is low by European standards at only 8 Euros per adult and 4.50 Euros per child.  Medieval Tavern  In Paris , tourists can enjoy the night at Medieval Tavern every Thursday night from 8PM--2AM. This tavern opens its doors to the people of Paris and invites them to experience a life from long ago. The menu includes foods that were enjoyed in old days. The entire experience can be enjoyed for only 15 Euros per person! Luxembourg Garden  The garden is the second largest public park in Paris. Whether you are interested in a walk through the flowers or a pleasant ride on the old carousel , this park is a good choice. Children like playing in the theater while adults enjoy free musical performances. Welcome to Paris and enjoy these attractions. \n Answer: Boats come every fifteen minutes.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about River Boats is TRUE ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-768c2bacc1034f0186716d906f74aeac",
            "input": "Article: Have you seen a yellow-and-black salamander  ? How about a scarlet frog? Scientists haven't spotted either species in more than 20 years. What happened to them? Are the creatures still out there, or are they extinct? Those are questions that scientists hope to answer. They recently set out around the world in search of those and other long-missing amphibians. An amphibian is an animal that spends part of its life in water and part on land. Frog, toads , and salamanders are amphibians. The experts are looking for about 100 species. They are searching at least 14 countries on five continents. They will look for the salamander in North America. They hope to find the scarlet frog in South America. They're also looking for species in Africa, Asia and Australia. Scientists are hopeful that they'll find the amphibians--and soon! If the creatures are out there, they may need help. Many amphibians are endangered. The animals face many dangers including pollution and diseases. People cut down the forests where they live. \"If researchers can find the missing creatures, they might be able to figure out how to save them,\" explains expert Robin Moore. He began searching for the amphibians earlier this month. \"This search will tell us a lot about how amphibians are doing,\" Moore told WR News. \"I don't know what we will find, but that makes the search even more exciting.\" Lost in the Wild Scientists' hunt for missing amphibians is under way. Read about some of the species they hope to find. Turkestanian salamander This salamander is a mystery to scientists. Experts found a few of them more than 100 years ago, but none have been seen ever since. Gastric brooding frog Experts first discovered this frog in 1914 in eastern Australia. It may be extinct because of disease and habitat loss. Rio Pescado stubfoot toad Last sighting: 1995, in South America Scientists hope to find this spotted toad in rivers and rainforests in Ecuador. The animal faces threats including pollution and disease. \n Answer: Scarlet frog.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following animals hasn't been seen for over a century?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9bf8a74b6ce2406ea8ac6b7a0d28311b",
            "input": "Article: Anais Nin was a famous writer. Nin was born French-Cuban but lived in the United States in her later years of life till she died. Nin's works had her relationships with authors,artists,and other figures as the main subject. Some of her writings were made into films. Nin was also a visiting lecturer in several colleges and promoted Women's Movement with her strong writings. Anais Nin was born in France in 1903. Her father was a Spanish artist and a composer living in Cuba where he met her mother, a French singer working in Cuba. As a child Nin was brought up in Spain. When her parents separated, Nin and her two brothers moved to New York with their mother. At the age of 16 Nin decided to give up studying and started to work as a dancer and model to reduce the financial burden on her mother so that her brothers could go on with their studies. In 1923 Nin got married to her husband,Hugh Parker Guiler in Cuba. In 1924 Nin and Hugh moved to Paris where Hugh continued with his banking career and Nin started writing. Nin wrote her first book in print,D. H. Lawrence:An Unprofessional Studyin 16 days. In 1939 Nin left Paris as it was a French government's request to its residents to leave Paris because of the coming war. Nin returned to New York with Hugh and sent her written books to Frances Steloff of the Gotham Book Mart in New York for safekeeping. In 1931 Nin wrote her bookHenry and June from the Unexpurgated Diary of Anais Nin. In 1936 Nin publishedHouse of Incestwhich was a 72-page fiction novel. Nin also appeared and was a part of various films. In 1973 Anais Nin was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Philadelphia College of Art. In 1974 Nin was elected to the United States National Institute of Arts and Letters. In 1977 Nin died in her Los Angeles home after battling with cancer for three years. \n Answer: Because the couple wanted to stay away from the coming war.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Nin and her husband move back to New York in 1939?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b0c9142b8aa84662b9308ddb886afeb5",
            "input": "Article: One in five American families will move every year. Moving is one of the most stress-producing events a family has to go through. Experts say it can be harder for children. How do you help your child adjust to the changes? The Ricardos moved from their old house to a new home. Same family, same dog-but it was harder for 9-year-old Elena. She hated the room, the house and everything. She hated leaving her friends the most. \" I was so emotional. I mean, saying goodbye to all my friends.....my very close friends, who was my neighbor, made me so sad,\" says Elena. For some children, the emotional stress of moving is not much more different from the emotions when someone has died. \"There's that sense that, 'I've lost my friends, my friends, my base, my school, my teachers-everything I knew that made me feel safe is all gone now. I have to start over,\" says Dr. Tim Jordan. Starting over is exactly Dr. Tim Jordan's advice. Make new friends, enter the new school and enter the new neighborhood. And here are some other pieces of advice. * Explain clearly to the children why the move is necessary. * Familiarize  the children as much as possible with the new area with maps, photographs or the daily newspaper. * After the move, got the children to join in activities in the place. * Help the children keep in touch with friends from the neighborhood before through telephone, letters, e-mail, and personal visits. \n Answer: Try letting children accept the fact of moving.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is useful to reduce the children's stress before the move?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d076d315e1864bbc8fc43fcc4e8c34e7",
            "input": "Article: Cancer is among the top killer diseases in our society today and scientists have found out that stress helps to bring it on. We need to consider, therefore, what are the causes of stress in our life, and whether we can do anything about them.          Are we under-employed, or overburdened with too many responsibilities? Do we have a right balance of work and leisure in our lives? Are our relationships with family, friends or fellow workers all that they should be?           All these things can be a cause of stress, and it is best to face them directly, and to bring our frustrations into the open. People who have a good _ and then forget it are doing their health more good than those who bottle up their feelings.          If our self-examination has brought any causes of stress to light, let us consider what we can do about them. It is possible to change jobs. We can make more leisure and fill it more happily, if we will accept a different living standard. We can improve our personal relationships by a different attitude. It is we who allow other people to make ourselves unhappy. Often the little things that disturb us are not worth an hour's anger. The teaching in the Bible \"Let not the sun go down upon your wrath  \" is good advice from the health point of view as well as religion. \n Answer: Cancer is the number one killer is our society today.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-62cbdc34cc2b44e58f7c3fd08c6a75b7",
            "input": "Article: WASHINGTON -- It is announced Friday that White House visitor records will be opened up on a regular basis for the first time in modern history, providing the public an unusually detailed look at who gets the opportunity to help shape American policy at the highest levels. \"Americans have a right to know whose voices are being heard in the policymaking process,\" the president said in a written statement issued by the White House while he vacationed with his family at Camp David. By the end of the year, the White House will begin posting online every month the names of the people who visited in the last 90 to 120 days. Each person's full name will be listed, along with the date and time they entered and left and the name of the person they visited. About 70,000 to 100,000 people visit the White House each month, and the records will include tourists as well as people conducting business. The White House pointed out several exceptions to the policy: \"purely personal guests\" of the Obama family; those cases in which the disclosure  of visitors' names \"would threaten national safety interests\"; and those who come for \"particularly sensitive meetings,\" like candidates for a Supreme Court nomination . Officials said only a \"small number\" will fit in the latter category , and their names would eventually be disclosed after they are no longer secret, like after a nomination is publicly announced. Moreover, they said, the number of undisclosed visitors will be disclosed, to make clear how few they are. \n Answer: To ask the public help correct the policies made by the government.",
            "output": [
                "Why will the White House visitor records be open to the public?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b44c759a4084f78b72dafc3a04d62e6",
            "input": "Article: Focus on what you do best. This age-old strategy has worked well for Real Networks, Microsoft's main competitor in multimedia software for the Internet. Now, the smaller Seattle-based firm is trying a novel way to contain the software giant. On October 29th, it released the underlying recipe, or source-code, of its RealPlayer software and will soon do the same for its other programs--giving away a big chunk of its intellectual property . This may sound like a desperate echo of 1998, when Netscape, struggling in Microsoft's chokehold, published the source-code of its web browser. Yet Real Networks is not playing defence. It is trying to encourage the creation of a common multimedia software infrastructure for every kind of file format and device, thus thwarting  Microsoft's ambitions in this promising market. The firm hopes that others in the industry (volunteer programmers, media firms and hardware makers) will take the code, called Helix DNA, improve it and make it run on new devices, such as mobile phones and home stereos, turning Real Networks' software into an industry standard. Clever licensing terms are supposed to ensure that this standard does not splinter and  that the firm still makes money. Individual developers, universities and other non-profit organisations can modify the software as they please, and even redistribute it for free, so long as they also publish the source-code for their changes. This is a sort of payment in kind, for Real Networks is then allowed to use these contributions. Firms, on the other hand, must pay royalty fees if they distribute more than 1m copies of the code. They also have to make sure that their software works with other Helix DNA products. The software's development community already has 2,000 members. And several hardware makers back the effort. But there are risks. Afraid of piracy, media groups are suspicious of anything that might be related to hackers. The self-created competition could also hurt Real Networks if customers decide its commercial products, which will be based on the open source-code but with extra features, are not worth paying extra for. Real Networks' move is another sign that the software industry is going hybrid. Mixing elements of proprietary software, where the source-code is tightly controlled, with open-source programs enables firms to expand a market, harvest the ideas of others and, they hope, still make money. Even Microsoft is edging this way: it recently announced that partners can now look at--but not modify or re-use--the source-code for Passport, its controversial digital-identity service. \n Answer: By severe competition with Microsoft.",
            "output": [
                "What is the Real Networks' new way of stopping Microsoft?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-93260623c383498dae11b69f890a638b",
            "input": "Article: People hold different views on what or how much homework should be. It is partly due to  the fact that people can't seem to agree on the purpose of homework. Some teachers think that homework is necessary to reinforce  what is learned in school. And so they ask their students to memorize what was discussed in class through homework. Some teachers think the point of homework is to cover material that the class didn't have time to get to, so their homework is to let students learn additional things. Other teachers like homework simply because they want students to form work habits and still others believe homework is necessary because it's the best way for parents to learn what their children do in school. However, many parents seem to have different ideas. Elisa Cohen, who has twins at Lafayette Elementary School, doesn't like the fact that third-grade students in DC elementary schools are asked to write about 25 book summaries a year. She said, \"They do the same thing over and over without really getting into alternate   ways of thinking about books, reading and writing.\" Some education reformers  , such as Howard Gardner, a Harvard University professor well-known for his theory on multiple intelligence, think that Cohen is on the right track. But it's often hard to persuade overworked teachers to give much thought to homework tasks. \n Answer: 4.",
            "output": [
                "How many opinions do the teachers have on \"homework\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7daad8a2dc9142a892db3750cc3b462f",
            "input": "Article: I have forgotten the name of an old lady who was a customer on my paper route when I was a twelve-year-old boy back in 1954. Yet it seems like just yesterday that she taught me a lesson in forgiveness that I can only hope to pass on to someone else someday. On a Saturday afternoon, a friend and I were throwing rocks onto the roof of the old lady's house. I found a smooth rock and sent it. The stone headed straight for a small window on the old lady's back door. At the sound of broken glass, we took off from the old lady's yard. I was too scared about getting caught that first night. However, a few days later when I was sure that I hadn't been discovered, I started to feel guilty for her misfortune. I decided to save my paper delivery money, and in three weeks I had the seven dollars that I thought would cover the cost of her window. I put the money in an envelope with a note explaining that I was sorry for breaking her window. Then I put the envelope through the letter slot in her door. My soul felt redeemed   and I couldn't wait for the freedom of, once again, looking straight into the old lady's eyes. The next day, I. handed the old lady her paper. She thanked me for the paper and said, \"Here, I have something for you. \" It was a bag of cookies. I thanked her and ate the cookies as I continued my route. After several cookies, I felt an envelope and pulled it out of the bag. When I opened the envelope, I was shocked. Inside was the seven dollars and a short note that said, \"I'm proud of you. \" \n Answer: Delivering newspapers.",
            "output": [
                "What work did the author do at the age of 12?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73622f1393db4f53a7395886f3c4bb14",
            "input": "Article: He has lived through various dangers but time may be running out for the Palestinian leader , Yasser Arafat . On September 11, Israel announced its decision to remove him , following several Palestinian suicide bomb attacks on Israel . \"He should be punished for the killings ,\" an Israeli official said , \"He has done nothing to stop the terrorist groups .\" But the decision has angered many other countries . China said that Arafat is the true leader , elected by the Palestinian people , and removing him would harm the peace in the Middle East . This idea is shared by other governments . Arafat himself said : \"They can kill me , but never get me out of my country .\" He has spent most of his life in danger as the most important aim of Israel .But , just like a cat with nine lives , Arafat escaped every time . For years he has made a practice of sleeping in a different bed each night , thinking a moving person is harder to hit . In 1985 , Israel sent fighter planes to kill Arafat . The wild bombing destroyed his office in Tunis but Arafat himself was unhurt . In 1992 , the aircraft in which he was flying over north Africa broke in two during a crash landing . The pilot was killed but he managed to remain alive . What is so unbelievable is that he always remains calm in great danger . Israeli tanks and planes attacked his office building in Ramallah in December , 2001 . When they saw the attackers coming , Arafat's bodyguards ignored his orders to stay still and carried him to safety underground . Seconds later , several bombs were dropped nearby . Though safe , his bodyguards were so frightened that they were wet in sweat . But , Arafat , with Israeli tanks only 200 meters away , showed no fear at all . He stayed in the damaged office , talking by phone with foreign leaders in hope of preventing further attacks from Israel .  All these experiences have made him a beloved leader to his people and an enemy to some others . But has he used up the last of his nine lives ? Only time will tell . \n Answer: He went to visit a few foreign countries last year.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements cannot be used to describe Arafat ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-45b269de0c9747848ffb65d70105b66c",
            "input": "Article: Americans have always been interested in their Presidents' wives. Many First Ladies have been remembered because of the ways they have influenced their husbands. Other First Ladies have made the history books on their own. At least two First Ladies, Bess Truman and Lady Bird Johnson, made it their business to send signals during their husbands speeches. When Lady Bird Johnson thought her husband was talking too long, she wrote a note and sent it up to the platform. It read, \"It's time to stop ! \" And he did.  Once Bess Truman didn't like what  her husband was saying on television, so she phoned him and said, \"If you can't talk more politely than that in public, you come right home. \" It was First Lady Helen Taft's idea to plant the famous cherry trees in Washington, D. C. Each spring these blossoming trees attract thousands of visitors to the nation's capital Mrs. Taft also influenced the male members of her family and the White House staff in a strange way: she convinced them to shave off their beards  ! Shortly after President Woodrow Wilson suffered a stroke  ,  Edith Wilson unofficially took over most of the duties of the Presidency until the end of her husband's term  Earlier, during World War I, Mrs.  Wilson had sheep brought onto the White House lawn to eat t e grass. The sheep not only kept the lawn cut. but provided wool for an auction  held by the First Lady.  Almost$ 100,000 was raised for the Red Cross. One of the most famous First Ladies was Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. She was active in political and. social causes throughout her husband's term in office After his death, she became famous for her humanitarian  work in the United Nations. She made life better for thousands of needy people around the world. \n Answer: They have an effect on their husbands.",
            "output": [
                "Why have First Ladies been remembered?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-55b75307884a49a484110b3b1b2555da",
            "input": "Article: Located along California's San Andreas Fault, the city of San Francisco is likely to take precautions(,) in the event of the next big earthquake. According to aNew York Timesreport, emergency planners in San Francisco are not only thinking of human evacuation(,) plans in the event of an earthquake, but also of how to care for pets during a natural disaster. Ideally, the planners will be able to train pet-disaster responders who work to evacuate dogs, cats and other household pets from the disaster site to one of the 125 temporary animal shelters that will be set up or, if the pet is injured, it will be brought to an emergency animal medical unit where there will be people on hand to tend to the pet's injury. The city's \"no-pets-left-behind\" policy results from the great number of pet deaths during the destruction of Hurricane Katrina. As emergency responders arrived to rescue people isolated in their homes during Katrina, hurricane victims were told that they could not take their pets along with them when evacuating; thus, many pet owners were forced to make the heart-breaking decision to save themselves while leaving their pets behind to perhaps meet their deaths. Since then, the U.S. has passed the Pets Evacuation and Transportation Standards Act of 2006, allocating federal funds for animal disaster planning projects. Yet, not all counties are as progressive as San Francisco has been in the effort to protect pets in the event of a natural disaster. Pets are after all, a large part of San Francisco's population -- overnumbering the number of school age children in the city. Over the last three years, San Francisco has received $350,000 in federal funds _ to animal disaster preparedness efforts in order to protect animals in the case of a disaster such as an earthquake. The city is still working on obtaining $300,000 to pay for an emergency animal unit. Until then, animal lovers in San Francisco will continue to work to ensure that pets are never an afterthought when it comes to rescues during earthquakes or other life threatening situations. \n Answer: A great number of pets died during Hurricane Katrina.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Hurricane Katrina?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d1702c6bf7a248afb9ae184169bf7aa3",
            "input": "Article: Recently I came in contact with the true meaning of love. That would have been, Kane, a boy. Kane was the two-year-old son of Jolene, my new neighbor. At a glance Kane was a sight. He'd been born with hard sticks for legs. And on that morning I witnessed the effect that Kane's physical shortcomings had on his family. But I also witnessed much more than that. I saw an extraordinary family that embraced this special child. A family that wouldn't allow Kane to know he was different. Jolene had constructed a small cart just a few inches off the floor for his son to get around. Using his hands to move about, Kane moved the cart to \"go to\" any place just as everyone else was able to do. Kane worked that little cart like a master. Kane was a vital focus of the entire family. He was more than just a member of the family; he was the soul. This child was the driver, the motivator, and the founder of much of the interaction. Much later in my life, I came to realize that God had sent this child to help some of us who just weren't getting what love was all about. Even with my limited capacity for understanding at the time that Kane was a highly developed spirit with great wisdom. Kane demanded attention, but not because of his mobility challenges or other apparent shortcomings. In his mind, he had no challenges or shortcomings. The truth is that he received attention because he was alive and real and had so much to offer. Kane was and still is a lot of warm and powerful energy sent to us all, so we might learn that love surpasses all things. Kane, a fragile yet lovely baby, was here to teach us all an important lesson. And at the age of two he did just that. \n Answer: They were greatly brave to face all the difficulties.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author think of Kane's family members?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69abeca717e74e56b144931f3ebb06be",
            "input": "Article: Dear Alfred, I want to tell you how important your help is to my life. Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150 at 17, I'm anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADIID . Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time. However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses. While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldn't . So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center. Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, I'm learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your video. This has given me a purpose. Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job--Data Analyst--this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors. Thank you. You've given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I'm doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole. This is why you're saving my life. Yours, Tanis \n Answer: She had more difficulty keeping foucesed",
            "output": [
                "why did't Tanis go to college after high school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d9986af39804ed59d173115d0417050",
            "input": "Article: Planning for the weather No matter what time of year you vacation in San Diego, be sure to bring a light jacket or sweater and bring shorts. During our summer months, we have warm days but cool evenings, especially if you are near the ocean. Those cool evenings can feel cold and fresh if you are visiting from someplace that is typically hot and damp all summer. And during our winter months, we can have days that reach 80 degrees Fahrenheit (27 degrees Celsius). In fact, our winter months are the sunniest months of the year along the San Diego coast. How to get around San Diego Deciding whether you need to rent a car for your visit to San Diego? If you are planning to visit attractions in and around downtown San Diego, including SeaWorld, San Diego Zoo, Balboa Park, Old Town, Coronado, and the Gaslamp Quarter, all of these attractions can be readily accessed by public transportation assuming the hotel or place you are staying in is close to a bus or trolley stop. Tour guests comment on how easy it is to use our transportation system, how clean it is, and the low cost for a one-day or multi-day pass that works on both buses and trolleys. However, if you are going to visit attractions further away from downtown San Diego such as the Safari Park or Legoland or if you want to visit our local mountains or desert, we recommend a car rental. How to make time for all the things to do Our final tip for now is to plan ahead. Unlike most cities where there may be a few concentrated tourist areas and it's easy to find things as you go, San Diego offers hundreds of attractions and guests tell us they are overwhelmed and certainly didn't plan enough time once they find how much there is to do in San Diego. Many guests visit San Diego as part of an extended trip that includes San Francisco and Los Angeles. They often plan fewer days in San Diego because they assume it is the smallest city with the least to offer only to say they wished they had planned more days in San Diego because it offers more things to do in a much more relaxing environment. By planning ahead you can also get discounts for various attractions. For example you can save a lot of money at SeaWorld if you buy your tickets in advance online, at a visitor center or through your hotel. Another reason to plan ahead is that some attractions close early or get sold out since San Diego is a big destination for major conventions and big companies bringing in employees from around the world for special events in beautiful, sunny San Diego. \n Answer: Tips for Visiting San Diego",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dc67d48f376140d0af5ac83a83d38dee",
            "input": "Article: Opened in 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was the first longspan bridge to carry motor traffic, and it quickly became the model for the great suspension bridges of the following century. Spanning New York's East River, it provided the first traffic artery  between Manhattan Island and Brooklyn. Before that, the only transportation was by ferries, which were slow and could be dangerous in winter. The construction of a bridge over the EastRiver had been discussed since the early 19th century, but the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 _ all consideration of the project. When the war ended in 1865, the bridge became an important issue once more. In 1867, the New York State passed an act setting up the New York Bridge Company for the purpose of constructing a bridge between Manhattan Island and Brooklyn. John Augustus Roebling was chosen to design the bridge. Born in Germany in 1806, he held aggressive views as a student and was listed by the German police as a dangerous figure. He emigrated to America in 1830 to escape political discrimination. Roebling proposed a bridge with a span of 1,500 feet (465 m), with two towers in the East River serving as the main piers. The bridge that was actually built is longer--1,597 feet (486 m), the longest suspension bridge at that time. \n Answer: To provide faster and safer transportation than boats.",
            "output": [
                "What was the purpose of building the Brooklyn Bridge?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1e738f7cc9b64af19a7a66f256aee0a5",
            "input": "Article: Across countryside, non-food crops are growing alongside wheat.Some are used in new alternatives to plastics and other materials, but others will simply be burned. Burning crops is becoming more popular because it is good for the planet.Doing so is also cheaper than burning fossil fuels.As more land is devoted to non-food crop production, the economics of crops for fuel are likely to become even more favorable. Humans have been burning such biomass--organic materials from plants or animals-- since they discovered fire.But that burning fossil fuels could have catastrophic consequences has brought biomass back into fashion. Even allowing for emissions   of carbon dioxide from fuel used in planting, harvesting, processing and transporting biomass fuel, replacing fossil fuel with biomass can typically reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 90 percent. Power stations around the world are experimenting with forms of biomass to add to their coal or oil, with encouraging results.Indeed, power companies could profit by turning to biomass, especially when the subsidies   many governments offer for using renewable energy are taken into account. Farmers can benefit from growing biomass.In Europe, the reduction of subsidies for certain crops is exposing farmers to market forces.Instead of being paid for whatever they produce, farmers must seek a clear demand for their product.Many believe that the demand for alternatives to fossil fuels could be just such a driver. But while biomass offers a variety of potential alternatives, the world's infrastructure   has developed around burning fossil fuels to such a stage that switching to biomass involves a change in conception that many companies have not accepted. Also, there are problems with using biomass.Although most coal-fired power stations could take a small amount of their fuel from biomass without significant adjustment, few are built to run on biomass alone.Burning some forms of biomass also causes environmental problems.Oils and waste can be smelly, while wood produces smoke unless burned properly. The supply chains for fossil fuels are set up well, but those for biomass are just the beginning. Sources of supply for biomass rely on farm production and can therefore be less reliable. They are necessarily limited and it wouldn't make sense to turn a very large amount of valuable agricultural land away from food crops.But as the world adjusts to the need to control greenhouse gas emissions, these problems may receive more attention. \n Answer: It is plant and animal matter used to provide power.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about biomass?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-31d66ceb09df45f5a4f125a662ca55e4",
            "input": "Article: Human beings are the most intelligent of all animals because we are gifted with the ability to think and reason logically. Scientists and even common people with special intelligence have made a lot of inventions and contributions to modern lifestyle in the past. \"Houses\" have been the most popular area for discoveries and inventions in the past and even now. Many household items have been the result of inventions of people who desired better functioning of the existent products. Every individual has intelligence and if it is used properly for the right purpose it leads to invention of a new tool or device. Many new household inventions are made almost every day and there are specific companies, which particularly keep a record of all these inventions. A lot of inventions have been made recently in the household field. These products are patented and have trade mark licenses . The patented sliding cinch is a very simple but effective method to prevent shoulder stress and injury for those who work before computers all day long. Vanity PC is a type of computer furniture that specifically hides all the computer wires and keeps a clean and good look. All the outdoor dust, mud and snow can be kept out of the house by installing the dirt drain at the entrance of the door. Another important invention is the automatic toilet night-light, in which a small light starts when the lid of the toilet seat is opened and closes as soon as the lid is closed. These are some of the new household inventions invented mostly by common people. Thus, a variety of new household items are invented every day, which helps in a better functioning of household chores and in a more useful manner. \n Answer: To meet the new demands of new science.",
            "output": [
                "What plays the most important role in causing people to invent new things?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aae383e23d7c430c87b7dad815e2392a",
            "input": "Article: When my daughter, Sophie, was admitted to a college we were very happy, but a little worried about becoming empty nesters. I knew I had to do something to help myself adapt, starting with the summer before she left. Sophie had a pack of colorful T-shirts. I knew she wouldn't wear them any more, so I decided to make a quilt out of them for her bed at college. It focused my energy, and also let me relive some memories. I tried to work on the quilt when Sophie wasn't at home----which turned out to be often. She was very busy with her friends. Even when she was around, her door was shut more than usual. I felt a bit hurt. After all, we didn't have much time together before she went to college, I was already missing her, and she hadn't ever left yet. When we arrived at the college, a wave of emotion flooded me. I tried to hold it back, but Sophie saw it in my face. She took a big red book from her bag. \"I made this for you, Mom,\" she said. Then I knew why she had been staying behind a closed door that summer. It was an album of photographs documenting the life of our family over the last 17 years. I broke into tears. Some of it was sadness at having to let her go, but some of it was joy. I knew that our connection was more powerful than ever, and that we'd always be connected by the strongest of threads, the love that went into every stitch of her quilt and every photo of my album. In Sophie's dormitory I unfolded the quilt on her bed. For a moment she was speechless. Then she threw her arms around me. \"Mom, I love you,\" she said. One of her new friends was calling her outside. Sophie turned, and I let her go. \n Answer: She liked her colorful T-shirts very much.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about Sophie from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f3cf4d1e9280459780bc3d634a7bf50a",
            "input": "Article: Many students attend Miami University for its zoology program, hoping to become a doctor someday, but Joseph Frame has come for a different reason -- to become a vet. \"Ever since I was a little boy, I've been interested in animals,\" Frame said, \"but when I grow up, I realized that I didn't want to just take care of dogs and cats. I wanted to work with animals you wouldn't find in your house.\" Before coming to Miami, Frame worked with his vet Dr. Reid. He learned about the details of being a vet from him. Working with small animals, Frame observed many procedures there. Frame also worked with another vet at Oxford University during his first year at Miami, which involved a leadership position. \"I'm in charge of a high school kid,\" Fram said, \"He sometimes needs to be motivated. I like his support system.\" To realize his goal, Frame began working at the Wilds in Cumberland, Ohio after he met Reid. The Wilds is a non-profit conservation center and is the home for rare and endangered animals. The Wilds combines the concepts of conservation science and education programs to mainly children. After his first year at Miami, Frame began to educate children about the animals. \"I think teaching children is an enjoyable experience, especially when they're really interested in animals,\" Frame said. Frame also explained if a vet school didn't work out, he would be interested in working in animal education. \"I would at least have a Zoology degree,\" Frame said, \"The wilds is connected to many zoos all over the country, so I'm sure I can find a job in education.\" For now, Frame plans to continue working at the wilds this coming summer with a new job at hand, which involves teaching the public about the endangered animals they are protecting and doing shows with owls. While Frame is still an undergraduate student at Miami, he continues his passion for animals. Becoming an exotic vet may be a few years down the road, but Frame continues to work had for this dream, hoping it will become a great reality. \n Answer: To help Dr Reid out of financial trouble.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Joseph Frame work with Dr. Reid?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a27a9eb7b68443ce8e7e0daeeb43b63a",
            "input": "Article: 1During the First World War, some Americans indirectly benefited because of the war. With two million white men fighting in Europe and no new immigrants entering the country, many jobs in the United States became available to blacks and women for the first time. 2Both groups proved their ability to do any kind of job. Women became railway conductors, brick layers, and factory workers. Their presence in traditionally male workplace produced many problems. Men were annoyed by women's higher productivity and willingness to work for lower pay. Working mothers were often criticized for leaving their families. But many women welcomed the responsibilities. \"It was not until our men were called overseas,\" said one woman bank executive, \"that we make any real onslaught on the realm of finance, and became tellers, managers of departments, and junior and senior officers.\" 3Women who did not take jobs helped in the war effort in other ways. They made uniforms, rolled bandages, and campaigned for the sale of Liberty Bonds to help finance the war. 4American manufacturers offered jobs to large numbers of black Americans for the first time as a result of the war. Most factories were located in the North. To take advantage of these new job opportunities, many black families moved from their homes in the South to the Northern cities such as Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Buffalo, Chicago, and Detroit. 5White Americans were of two minds about the role of black Americans in the war effort. On the one hand, black workers' ability to learn new jobs quickly and do them well strengthened the home front, and the black men's fighting ability helped the Allies win the war. However, many whites did not want to acknowledge that blacks were capable, effective workers. White soldiers returning from the war had no desire to compete for jobs with blacks on equal terms. At the same time, many blacks were not willing to a lesser role once the war had ended. \n Answer: They had better productivities.",
            "output": [
                "Why could American women and backs find jobs during World War I?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c9cac4dd45614a3ba8acccdeb2ac8070",
            "input": "Article: Almost all of us have been there: A sense of uneasiness strikes us when we see the battery running low on the smartphone. While today's smartphones enable us to surf the Internet, take pictures and play music, their limited, sometimes annoyingly short battery life has started to make people full of memories of early models. \"My favorite phone of all time was a silver Nokia 6310i from the early 2000s. It may be primitive by today's standards, but it could run for 17 days on a single charge,\" wrote Daily Mail columnist David Derbyshire. But scientists spend no time thinking about the past. They have built an aluminium   battery which could be a cheap, fast-charging alternative to current designs. You can squeeze, and practically bend it in half without breaking the packet. It is more environmentally friendly than alkaline   batteries, and more safe than lithium   batteries - it won't catch fire \"even if you drill through it\", as Hongjie Dai of Stanford University told The Telegraph. The battery is the work of a team led by Dai. And the best part is that it has a recharge time of around one minute. However, at present, the only problem is that it produces just half the voltage   of a typical lithium battery. But Dai explained they were setting about changing the voltage and energy density \". \"Our battery has everything else you'd dream that a battery should have. I see this as a new battery in its early days,\" he told The Telegraph. \n Answer: 5",
            "output": [
                "How many advantages does the aluminium battery have according to the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-24b25d00d036470d894ce742337424e6",
            "input": "Article: \"A very disruptive  six-year-old child kicked my legs and clawed at my hand,\" said one teacher. \" I broke up a fight and was kicked between my legs,\" said another. Many people have heard stories like this. But the situation is more worrying still and it involves parents. Every child, regardless of the circumstances into which they are born, has the right to achieve their potential, regardless of their parents' wealth and class. And we recognize that, as a nation, it is a long way to achieve this goal. But with rights come responsibilities and what worries people is that we are in danger of ignoring the latter. Far too many children are behaving badly at school, even to the point of being violent to staff. This is terrible enough, but it is hard to be surprised since many children are just mirroring the behaviour of their parents. My members tell me that parents also come into school often and threaten staff and some staff have been attacked by a pupil's parents. One father encouraged his child to start a fight on the playground before school started. A primary teacher reported that a parent shouted at him. We need to have a serious and sensible debate about the roles and responsibilities of parents and the support that they can reasonably expect of schools and teachers. Children will not learn how to behave as social beings if they are stuck in front of the TV for hours every day. They need their parents to show an interest in them and to spend time with them, helping them to play with their peers  and to learn the rules of social behavior. Children are now arriving at school socially undeveloped, increasingly unable to dress themselves, unable to use the toilet properly, unable to hold a knife and fork and unused to eating at a table, Mary Bousted, general secretary of the Association of Teachers and Lecturers, writes in today's Observer. Instead of taking responsibility themselves, too many parents expect teachers to control their children's behaviour and wellbeing, she adds. Bousted says one mother blamed staff when she discovered that her 16-year-old son was smoking. We are in danger of becoming a nation of _ . The bedroom, once a place to sleep, has become the living space for the young. Spending hours in front of computer screens, on social networking sites or being immersed  in computer games, children and young people spend little time with their parents. Parents are unable to monitor just what their children are watching. Schools cannot right the wrongs of society and teachers cannot become substitute parents. Both parties need to work together. Parents must be helped and given confidence to take back control. They are responsible for setting boundaries for their children's behaviour and sticking to those boundaries. They are responsible for setting a good example to their children and for devoting that most precious of resources -- time -- so that children come to school ready and willing to learn. \n Answer: The right to achieve students' potential.",
            "output": [
                "In the opinion of the writer, what problem do people ignore?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c060a124ce0847939f28085c43e46e9b",
            "input": "Article: It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers   follow certain uniform standards for various features   of clothes. What seems strange, however, is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. Take a look at the way your clothes button. Men's clothes tend to button from the right, and women's from the left. Considering most of the world's population--men and women--are right-handed, the men's standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do women's clothes button from the left? History really seems to matter here. Buttons first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17thcentury, when rich women were dressed by servants. For the mostly right-handed servants, having women's shirts button from the left would be easier. On the other hand, having men's shirt button from the right made sense, too. Most men dressed themselves, and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt. Today women are seldom dressed by servants, but buttoning from the left is still the standard for them. Is it interesting? Actually, a standard, once set, resists change. At a time when all women's shirts buttoned from the left, it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer women's shirts that buttoned from the right. After all, women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and skills to switch. Besides, some women might have found it socially awkward to appear in public wearing shirts that buttoned from the right, since any one who noticed that would believe they were wearing men's shirts. \n Answer: It is different for men's clothing and women's.",
            "output": [
                "What is surprising about the standard of the clothing industry?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0f04e9b795dd4fa595bfc90f8e4efaad",
            "input": "Article: The State of Rhode Island has become a popular family seaside destination. In addition to beach activities and water sports, kids can participate in supervised activities at cultural centres and tourist attractions around the state. The Kayak  Centre of Rhode Island The Kayak Centre of Rhode Island offers Oceanplay to kids, a program for children between 9 and 14 years old. The course teaches basic kayak skills and safety protocol  on the waters around historic Wickford Village. The all-day program includes games and skill-building activities at all skill levels. The package includes equipment, instructions and lunch. The Courthouse Centre for the Arts The Courthouse Centre for the Arts offers summer camp educational workshops and fine arts programs to kids who want to learn about theatre, dance, classical music and different art mediums. Kids and families can also enjoy concerts, film screenings and theatre performances. The Providence Children's Museum The Providence Children's Museum hosts daily drop-in programs for kids between 5 and 11 years of age and museum adventure classes. Kids can learn how water moves in the Water Ways exhibit, listen to music and learn about plants in the Children's Garden exhibit. The RISD Museum The RISD Museum hosts family workshops and activities for kids between 5 and 12 years of age on alternating Sunday afternoons. Kids can learn different types of art techniques and work with different mediums in a supervised setting. Families taking a self-guided tour of the museum can see exhibits. \n Answer: Join in skill-building activities.",
            "output": [
                "What can families do at the Kayak Centre of Rhode Island?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d03903998ff47698fdd8eae1dbda895",
            "input": "Article: Reading is the key to success in all school subjects. With a bit of creativity, you can help your child enjoy reading more, and encourage him to do more! Buy or borrow a lot of \"fun\" books. Choose books that are slightly below his level of reading ability. Don't forget what your child likes to do when choosing books for him. Don't comment about the books. Simply leave the books lying on the table where your child is sure to see them. Computer games are not as harmful as most parents usually think them to be. Instead, you should take advantage of your child's love of computer games to purchase those that require a lot of reading and avoid those that are simply computerized video games. Buy your child a bedside reading lamp, or a tiny book light. Tell him that from now on, he must be in bed by a specific time (say 8:30) and that he can either sleep or read. Most kids will do anything else rather than go to sleep, so there's a chance you'll create a new bedtime reading habit. Many children will read when they are sitting alone having a snack, or when they have a few minutes of unplanned free time. Put a box of books and magazines near the kitchen table so that reading material is accessible. Often, once children learn to read independently, parents stop reading to them. This change of routine causes great sadness to a child who has come to love falling asleep as you read. Even a teenager will enjoy being read to if you pick books that interest him. Select books together, and make sure they're ones you enjoy as well, so your enjoyment will come through as you read to them. \n Answer: Choose books based on their interest.",
            "output": [
                "In order to make children become interested in reading, what should parents do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ba31154974c74fc8bff6ee83f4947f91",
            "input": "Article: University -- the best days of my life! I made lots of friends in my student dorm, went to great parties, joined the debating society...and, well, I did some work too -- but I must admit my lecturers were very patient with my tardiness . It's easy to look back at our university days through rose-tinted spectacles but the truth is that when we first arrived on campus, most of us were out of our comfort zone. In fact, a survey of students at Imperial College London has revealed that 3 out of 4 students experience high levels of stress, or a mental health condition, during their time at college. The survey, completed by over a thousand students, also found that 70% of those that experience stress do so at least once a week, and 9% of students feel stressed constantly. Kirsty, a student at Exeter University, didn't enjoy her first days in college. She says: \"When I first got to university I don't think I'd realized that I'd forgotten how to make friends. I'd been with the same school friends for seven years, and so I was trying to balance social success with academic success while learning how to look after myself at quite a young age.\" Dr Ruth Caleb of the counseling service at Brunel University in London has some tips that should make life easier for students before they set off for university. She says: \"Certain things that I think it would be very helpful for students to have put in place are an ability to do the practical things of life - to do the washing, to do the cleaning and so on -- being able to cook. Budgeting is extremely important in university life.\" And Caleb adds: \"You should learn how to spend time on your own comfortably.\" I graduated and learnt how to take care of myself the hard way. I hope that new students these days remember to acquire some life skills before they make the big jump. \n Answer: Not knowing how to make new friends.",
            "output": [
                "What did Kirsty find most difficult to do during her first days in college?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ac695a28be1419a98c861735e922822",
            "input": "Article: Don't be afraid! We are not encouraging people to steal. It's one of the most popular topics currently talked about by people in cities, together with, \"How many vegetables did you steal today?\"or, \"It's harvest time for your peaches,\" and, \"I bought you a new car today.\" Listening to a conversation like this, you do not have to feel strange. These people don't really have their own farms or so much money that they can casually buy someone else a car. They are just playing games on Social Networking Sites(SNS) like kaixing001.com. Can you imagine millions of people in China spending lots of time on SNS playing games and talking to friends? This is especially true of white-collar workers in cities, Take kaixing001.com for example --the number of current members has already hit 38 million. However, the large number of people using SNS highlights another problem. That is, lots of people choose to escape from reality, NSN just offers them a virtual  environment where they can escape from reality. Different games provide netizens with different experiences: dreaming, chatting and playing. It offers people the opportunity to escape from reality. But the virtual world is not the real one; no one can live in _ forever, and reality is not as surfing on the Internet. Since this kind of social networking sites have become so popular, people have started to think about moving it into the real world. And so far as we know, a farmland of this kind exists in Shanghai where it has reached its first base. After playing the \"Happy Farm\"game on kaixing001.com, would you like to put yourself among the real world while smelling the fragrances   of the countryside? Recently a farmland service called \"Happy Farm in Reality\" was opened in the suburbs of Shanghai where white-collar workers can experience the real farmers' for themselves. \n Answer: People steal vegetables on SNS for living.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8d421abad7324107a6d257ac3ac46a13",
            "input": "Article: While there are some unpleasant people in the world, let's not forget that most people are friendly! If you find someone who likes the same restaurants as you or who is also crazy about \"Harry Potter\", then feel free to talk the night away! Just keep the conversation light and about your common interests. If a topic is brought up that doesn't sit well with you, keep in mind that you are always in control. Ignore your manners at this time!  Do stay open-minded. Sometimes chatting with strangers can turn into a close bond--or just another person you can turn to for a laugh. But when typing away in your computer, it's easy to get carried away and to want to tell your new friend all about yourself. Keep the personal details as secret, and instead talk about fun hobbies or the latest episode of \"The Good Wife\". If Stranger Sally is asking what you look like, time to put up the red flag. It is never necessary for someone to know what you look like. Always listen to your gut .If something inside you is telling you something isn't right, it probably isn't. Pay attention to how your body responds to certain people online. Remember, you never really know who you are talking to just by looking at a computer screen name, so downloading anything is an   no. See? Talking to strangers online doesn't always have to be a nightmare .By following these do's and don'ts, chatting with someone you don't know can be a cool experience,and can make sure that you stay safe in the world of the Internet. \n Answer: Positive.",
            "output": [
                "What is the writer's attitude to most people today?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c7abbaec3f9d49a08965bf41ff219de0",
            "input": "Article: Seven years ago I was 13 years old. I still remember to this day where I was and how it all came down. I was in my social studies classroom, when a teacher came back and told us that the first building of the World Trade Center was hit by a plane. We immediately stopped our work and turned on the television. Throughout half the day we watched TV until the school was forced to let all of us home early. I walked home and immediately turned on the television and watched until my bedtime. I remember always seeing the towers walking to my Tae Kwon Do school; to me, a boy teenager, it was a great thing because at that time I have never seen any other building that caught my eye as much as  _ did. And walking to my school that day was just a horrifying dream. Crossing the busy road of the Bell Pike was a big cloud of smoke and dust. It was very upsetting. Every day after that horrific day I looked up to the once stood Twin Towers just to see nothing there. To my eyes, that day will always be in my mind and in my heart, even though I didn't lose any loved ones, I still feel the pain as if I did. September 11th, 2001 will never be forgotten. \n Answer: He was in the classroom.",
            "output": [
                "Where was the writer when the tragedy took place?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-972262e4dab64acc9d2177dc1881250c",
            "input": "Article: Success starts within our mind. Now, we will discuss four steps to change our lives and create a new future.    # 1. Think big. Get rid of negative beliefs.      Your beliefs have developed from what happened to you in the past. You should realize that the past is not equal to the future, unless you really live there. The first thing you need to do is to drive all the negative beliefs away from your mind. Those beliefs are not useful for creating a new future. Think that everything is possible if you put enough effort in it. When you change your beliefs into positive ones, you will feel more powerful. You will then be able to move on to the next level.    # 2. Write your plan to achieve your goals.      Your great goals should be divided into smaller goals. Make a timetable for each goal so that you can measure your progress. Write a detailed plan to achieve these goals.    # 3.Take action according to your plan.      Nothing bears fruit without action. Every successful person has to work hard towards his or her goals. There is no exception . Be prepared to work according to your plan. Be willing to invest   in the resources necessary for your progress. Do not give up.    # 4. Review what you have done and know how good you are.      While you are in the process of your work, take some time to review how well you have done. Review your progress based on your plan and see if you need to change anything. You can change your methods but you should not change your goals. \n Answer: We should learn some useful things.",
            "output": [
                "Why should we get rid of our negative beliefs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7bae047f1c234abaa367deacb8d5c3ae",
            "input": "Article: Common sense would tell us that physically active children may be more likely to become active and healthy adults. In the United States, elementary and middle schools are advised to give students two and a half hours of physical activity a week. That is what the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association recommend. They say high schools should provide about four hours of physical activity each week. Yet many schools across the country have reduced their physical education programs. Just this week, a study reported that life _ has fallen or is no longer increasing in some parts of the United States. The situation is worst among poor people in the southern states, and especially women. Public health researchers say it is largely the result of increases in fatness, smoking and high blood pressure. They also blame differences in health services around the country. In 2006, a study found that only four percent of primary schools provided daily physical education all year for all grades. This was true of eight percent of middle schools and two percent of high schools. The study also found that twenty-two percent of all schools did not require students to take any P.E. Charlene Burgeson , a health expert says one problem for P.E. teachers is that schools are under pressure to put more time into academic subjects. Also, parents may agree that children need exercise in school. Yet many parents today still have bad memories of being chosen last for teams because teachers favored the good athletes in class. But experts say P.E. classes have changed. They say the goal has moved away from competition and toward personal performance, as a way to build a lifetime of activity. These days, teachers often lead activities like weight training and yoga. Some parents like the idea of avoiding competitive sports in P.E. class. Yet others surely dislike that idea. In the end, schools may find themselves in a no-win situation. \n Answer: Health service",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage which of the following may not lead to poor health?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d80c2cb0caa6468787631055d3294f16",
            "input": "Article: Announcements Bret Harte vs. Calaveras alumni boys The annual Bret Harte vs. CHS alumni boys basketball game will be held at 7 p.m., Saturday, Nov. 30, at Calaveras High. All players must have played at least one year of basketball team. Cost to play is $30. Admission for audience is $ 5 for adults and $ 2 for kids. 6-year-old kids and kids who are under 6 are admitted free. For more information, call Kraig Clifton at 743-0679 or Jeff Eltringham at 736-0162. CHS girls basketball Skills The Calaveras High School girls basketball program presents the Junior Redskins Winter Skills, a developmental basketball program for girls in fifth through eighth grades that will be held from 2 p.m. to 4:30 p.m., Sundays. Sign-ups are still being accepted for the second of the two five-week sessions, which will be held on five consecutive Sundays beginning on Jan. 12, 2016. Cost is $25 per session. Each participant receives a T-shirt at the end of each session. For more information or to sign up, call Jeremy Malamed at 217-4563 or email sports.calent@gmail.com. CHS swim/baseball coaching vacancies Calaveras High School(CHS) is looking for a head boys/girls swim coach and a baseball coach for the 2016 spring season. Applications will be accepted and jobs will remain open until filled. Interview dates are to be set. Anyone interested can stop by the district office or the high school for an application. For more information, call Mike Koepp at 754-1811. Foothills Little League sign-ups Foothills Little League will hold sign-ups for the 2016 season from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m., Wednesday, Dec. 4, at Pizza Factory in Valley Springs. All players must provide proofs of residency and a birth certificate. For more information, call Shawn Threet at 304-7399 or leave a message at 772-1516. Yoga in Rail Road Flat Yoga is being offered at Rail Road Flat Elementary from 9:30 a.m. to 11 a.m., Fridays with instructor Kristine Louise. Costs are a $5 instructor fee and $ 2 donation to The Friends of Rail Road Flat School. For more information, visit friendsofrrfschool.org. \n Answer: Boys who are studying in CHS at present.",
            "output": [
                "Who will take part in the game to be held on Nov. 30?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b15abc813254a7fa623a7b324842cb4",
            "input": "Article: Charlotte Hollins faces a battle. The 23-year-old British farmer and her 21-year-old brother Ben are fighting to save farm that their father worked on since he was 14. Although confident they will succeed, she is aware of farming's many challenges. \"You don't often get a day off. Supermarkets put a lot of pressure on farmers to keep prices low. With fewer people working on farms it can be isolating,\" she said. \"There is a high rate of suicide and farming will never make you rich!\" Like others around the world, Charlotte's generation tend to leave the farm for cities. Oliver Robinson, 25, grew up in Yorkshire. But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather's land. \"I'm sure Dad hoped I'd stay,\" he said. \"I guess it's a nice, straightforward life, but it doesn't appeal to me. For young, ambitious people, farm life is hard.\" For Robinson, farming doesn't offer much \"in terms of money or lifestyle\". Hollins agrees that economic factors stop people from enjoying the rewards of farming. He describes it as a career that provides \"for a vital human need\", allowing people to work \"outdoors with nature.\" Farming is a big political issue in the UK. The \"Buy British\" campaigns urge consumers not to purchase cheaper imported foods. The 2001 foot and mouth crisis closed thousands of farms, stopped meat exports, and raised public consciousness about the troubles on UK farms. Celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's 2005 campaign to get children eating healthily also highlighted the issue. This national concern gives hope to farmers competing with powerful supermarkets. While most people buy food from the big supermarkets, hundreds of independent Farmers' Markets are becoming popular. \"I started going to Farmers' Markets in direct defiance  of the big supermarkets. I seriously objected to the super-sizing of everything-what exactly do they put on our apples to make them so big and red? It's terrible,\" said Londoner Michaela Samson, 31. \n Answer: He hoped for something challenging and rewarding.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Oliver Robinson refuse to stay on the farm?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b44bd6335b2e403590026978c6121af4",
            "input": "Article: Top 5 Must See Places in Beijing Beijing is an old capital city with a lot of tourists attractions. What is the most representative place in Beijing? The answers are various. Here are the Top 5 Must See Places in Beijing. 1. Forbidden City The Forbidden City is the ideal place for you to begin your exploration of Beijing. Make sure to wear comfortable shoes as you have to walk a lot! A multilingual guide recorder is recommended, as it can tell you the stories behind the palace. Opening Hour: 8:30-17:00 Entrance Fee: RMB 60 2. Tian'anmen Square Lying in the heart of Beijing City, it is the place for massive parades and gathering. It boasts of the largest square of such kind in the world. At sunrise and sunset the raising and lowering ceremony of the Chinese National Flag is well worth seeing. Ticket fees: Free Opening Time: Whole Day 3. Great Wall Most of the sections of the Great Wall in Beijing are well-preserved, and the most famous section is Badaling. For the Great Wall hiking, get ready for strong footwear. For hot weather, please also prepare sunblock, sunglasses and water. Badaling Great Wall: Ticket Fees: RMB40 (Nov. 01 to Mar. 31); RMB 45 (Apr. 01 to Oct. 31) Open Hours: 6:40 to 18:30 4. Summer Palace Regarded as the largest imperial garden in China, the Summer Palace is in fact a park-styled royal retreat. With masterly design and artistic architecture integrating the highlight of Chinese garden arts, it has earned a title of \"Royal Garden Museum\". Open Time: 6:30-20:30 Ticket Fee: RMB 40 (low season) / RMB 50 (peak season during the holidays) 5. Temple of Heaven The Temple of Heaven worked as sacrificial compound buildings for the Ming and Qing emperors. What's the intriguing by-production of the temple is that if you enter the Temple of Heaven in the early morning, you can find many people doing all types of Kungfu, Taiji, dancing and other morning exercises. Open Time: 6:00-21:00 Ticket Fee: RMB 35 \n Answer: Wandering about on the Tian'anmen Square.",
            "output": [
                "At 5:45 in the morning, what could one enjoy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-35b8b4be02914fce920d8139e5f54452",
            "input": "Article: Ad 1 April Fool's party On Friday, April 1, Inner Affair goes back to the days of funk! Classic Tunes from the 70's and 80's by DJs Den & Sion, 9pm till late. Tickets: Free entrance for those in costume, otherwise 50 yuan (US$6) Time/Date: 9 pm, April 1 Place: Inner Affair, 1/F Qiankun Dasha, 6 Sanlitun Xiliujie, Chaoyang District Tel: 8454-0321 Ad 2 The \"worst\" party Organized by ozone productions, the party is set to be \"the worst ever\", with the lamest music from the 60s, 70s and 80s. Special prizes will be awarded to the worst dressed or for bad fashion sense. Tickets: Free entrance Time/Date: 9 pm, April 1 Place: Pula Pula, Tianze Lu, Oriental Seven Colours Plaza, Chaoyang District Tel: 6466-8575 Ad 3 La Nuit Francaise Again on the 2nd Thursday of the month La Nuit Francaise will be held at Le Rendezvous. The monthly event is an opportunity for all French people and everyone interested in France or speaking French to gather together. The evening features three glasses of wine for participants and a special exhibition. Time/Date: 7 to 10 pm, April 14 Place: Le Rendezvous, 3 Gongti Beilu, across from the Pacific Century Plaza, Chaoyang District Tel: 6462-9110 Ad 4 Marco V Dutch DJ Marco V drops by Banana for a gig which is supported by Hong Kong's DJ Spark. Marco V has been around for many years, as an inventive, style blending deejay and a successful and devoted producer. His spinning is energetic, crowd pleasing and never sees an empty dance floor. He was ranked No. 15 in this year's international DJ MAG DJ Top100. Tickets: 40 yuan (US$4.80) in advance, 50 yuan (US$6) at the door, both including a free drink Time/Date: 10 pm to 4 am, March 31, April 1 Place: Banana, in the lobby of the Scitech Hotel, 22 Jianwai Dajie, Chaoyang District Tel: 6528-3636 \n Answer: Some old music will be played at the parties.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true of Ad 1 and Ad 2?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-03bf94c7fb55417dae8aa0cb9115564f",
            "input": "Article: I'm trying to be a writer, but I can't even start. What should I do? Abraham, Nebraska There are many ways to come up with ideas, one of which is to write down a list of your experiences, as well as things from your imagination. When you want to write, look in the notebook for ideas. Books for writers often have good suggestions, too. One we like isSpilling Ink: A Yong Writer's Handbook by Anne Mazer and Ellen Potter. Perhaps your library has it. My classmates keep asking about a new movie I've seen. But I don't want to spoil it for them. What should I do? Corinne (by e-mail) You could ask your classmates whether they are sure they want to know and if they insist, go ahead and tell them. You may be able to give them a general idea of the movie without revealing details of the ending. I'm going to a soccer camp for youth, but I'm not sure if I'm good at soccer or if I'll make friends. Louise, New Hampshire Soccer camp is for people who share an interest in the sport. No matter what a person's ability is at the beginning, it's likely that everyone will leave camp with improved skills. Sharing a common interest may make conversations easier. Smile, be friendly, and have a sense of humor. Before long, you may find that you've made some good friends. Someone invited me to a birthday party. When I got there, kids were doing stuff I'm not interested in, like watching scary movies. I told them my mom would pick me up, so I just left. Was I rude for doing that? Sam (by e-mail) You just did the right thing and that isn't being rude. We hope you'll talk with your parents about this. They're probably proud of what you did. They may have other suggestions for you, too. Talk about different situations that might come up and what would be the best way to handle   them. \n Answer: Sam.",
            "output": [
                "Who is interested inSpilling Ink: A Yong Writer's Handbook?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-419b20ed24c24c8f8ea1745334dfcf58",
            "input": "Article: For as early as I could remember, my mother had been a bright, cheerful woman deeply interested and involved in the world around her. However, in the last fifteen years of her life, she had to live with senile dementia  . I would go to my home to pay her a visit in California and she would curiously look at me and then ask, \"Who are you?\" I would answer, \"I'm your own son, of course.\" \"Where do you live?\" She would ask. \"In Virginia\", I would tell her. \"Isn't that interesting,\" she would say, \"I have a son in Virginia.\" Mother seemed only forgetful as well as confused at the beginning of that disease, but sometime later she would go through different time of intense anxiety. She would keep walk ing through the house she used to live in most of her life crying uneasily that she would like to go home. Or sometimes she left home and wandered away if she were unattended for a short time. Hoping to make her happy and put her mind at ease I would take her in my car, visiting sites where she used to live when she was a child. In the yard of the hillside house in Shipman I sat in the car and admired the view of the old oaks and long green lawn . I _ my mother there was a little girl playing with the pet lamb she had been so fond of. I looked to her for some response. She shook her head and said, \"I want to go home.\" Over the years I have decided that what my mother was calling home was not a place, but a time. I think it was a time when she was much younger, when her children were still underfoot, when her husband was still energetic and attentive. Watching my mother's suffering set me wondering where I would have in mind if someday I couldn't find home and wanted to go there. In this family we tend to be long-lived and we grow fuzzy   minded as the years go by. At eighty I have already noticed some alarming symptoms. My doctor says the forgetfulness is only natural and that it comes with age. Still the fear of senile dementia is haunting there. Someday if and when I become even more cloudy minded than I am now, unable to drive and unable to tell you where \"home\" is, my dear son, I expect I will ask you to take me home, I know you will do your best to find the place I need to be. I leave these notes for your guidance. \n Answer: uneasy",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the symptom of the mother of the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7701d769a82e4d86b7c8f000eb626233",
            "input": "Article: Carnival does not take place only in Louisiana. There are many celebrations around the world. In Brazil, the celebration is supposed to go on from the Saturday before Mardi Gras to Mardi Gras Day, but in some Brazilian cities the celebration can last seven or eight days. Just like New Orleans, not many important things are decided in Brazil from New Year's Day to Mardi Gras Day because everyone is preparing for or celebrating carnival. Most Brazilian parades have a subject, which could be political and historical. The parades had to have a subject related to Brazil until 1996. Some cities in Brazil do not have a street carnival but they might have an indoor ball. Bolivia has carnival parades for children and then more parades for adults. The children dress up in costumes and march in the streets. The adults make traditional dance groups and dance in the streets. But the main part of Bolivia's carnival is getting wet. Almost everyone gets wet from water balloons and water buckets. In Oruru, Bolivia, their carnival is held in the last ten days of the carnival season. People there participate in crafts and dancing, but their main carnival event is a ceremonial parade that lasts for twenty hours and parades for four kilometers. Over 20,000 dancers are involved as well as 10,000 musicians. This parade attracts at least 400,000 people. The carnival in Venice, Italy is often regarded as the most carefully prepared carnival and lasts the ten days before Lent  . Many events are held in the canals including shows, concerts, dances, and water processions . The official ending to the celebration is the ball held in St. Mark's Square. \n Answer: Carnivals around the world.",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-acdab12b4f6d45aabebcc296ef4cd0af",
            "input": "Article: 1 Day Fly-Fly Aboriginal Rock Tour Tour Details Operator: Adventure North Australia Destination: Cooktown Departs From: Cairns Tour Description Voted as one of Australia's Must-Do-Experiences. Treat yourself to an amazing day out with Aboriginal Elder Willie Gordon. Depart Cairns Domestic Airport for the Skytrans Flight to Cooktown. Flight departs Cairns at 6:45 a.m. Enjoy a 45-minute flight with wonderful views from Cairns to Cooktown as you fly along the coast between the World Heritage rainforest and the Great Barrier Reef. On arrival in Cooktown you will be met by Willie Gordon, the traditional storyteller of the Nugal-warra clan . Willie Gordon takes guests to his ancestral rock art sites, set high in the hills above Hope Vale, outside Cooktown. Here he shares the stories behind the art, and explains how the paintings speak of the most basic and important quality of life and the knowledge of his people. The tour takes you through an impressive view of six rock art sites, including an ancestral Birth Cave and the Reconciliation Cave. This includes a 30-minute bush walk on generally easy terrian . (Covered closed-on shoes must be worn.) Return to Cooktown at 1:15 p.m. where Willie will take you to the Nature Power House Museum, Cooktown's Visitor Information Centre. Lunch is included at the Verhandah Cafe. The rest of the afternoon is free to explore historical Cooktown before your transfer to Cooktown airport and return flight to Cairns. Flight arrives at Cairns Domestic Airport at 6:40 p.m. Own arrangements on arrival in Cairns. Prices Adults: $ 549.00 Children: $ 390.00 Families(2 adults and 2 children): $ 1,869.00 \n Answer: By train.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, how will tourists arrive in Cooktown?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-571327c5db5746f89c82b7f46240b08b",
            "input": "Article: Rembrandt was an extraordinary Dutch painter. He was most well-known for his brushwork and the way in which he connected with the human soul. His life, however, was not happy. He was born on July 15,1606 in Leiden, the Netherlands. His father wanted him to have a real, learned profession but Rembrandt left the University of Leiden after becoming bored. He began studying art under a local teacher but soon left and studied in Amsterdam where he mastered all his lessons in six months! At the age of 22, he moved back to Leiden and began to get his own students. One of his students was the famous artist Gerrit Dou. In 1631 he returned to Amsterdam where he became the most popular portrait painter in Holland. Rembrandt met Saskia and married her in 1634. She was a cousin of a very successful art dealer and she helped him to meet wealhy people who commissioned  many paintings from him. He used her as a model in many of his paintings. Rembrandt's private life, however, was very unfortunate. He had four children with Saskia but only one, Titus, survived. Saskia died in 1642 at the age of only 30. In 1649, his housekeeper became his second wife and was also a model for many of his paintings. Even though Rembrandt was very successful as an artist, art dealer and teacher, he lived in a careless way and had to declare bankruptcy  in 1656. He even had to sell his whole art collection and his house to pay off his debts. His unfortunate life, however, didn't affect his art. He painted many great paintings during that time. His new love, Hendrickje, died in 1663 and his 27-year-old son, Titus, died in 1668. Eleven months later, on October 4, 1669, Rembrandt died in Amsterdam. He produced more than 600 paintings and over 2,000 drawings! \n Answer: Like other famous artists, he was thoughtless.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the reason that made Rembrandt's business fail?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4deeb03fd87347598bcae878132ececc",
            "input": "Article: I decided a few months ago that l was going to treat myself to a 4-day getaway from Los Angeles and visit Chicago. I turned in some long-saved frequent flier miles  for the airplane ticket, but had to shell out cash I really couldn't afford for the hotel. I found a travel website where a discounted promotional 3-night stay was purchased from a recently opened hotel. About three weeks before the trip, I had to regretfully cancel and only then realized the room, while transferable to another person, couldn't be changed to a later date and wasn't refundable .For the next two weeks, I tried selling it on Craig's list with no success. Five days before the \"big weekend\" I gave up trying to spend any money and decided I'd contact some friends who live in Chicago and offer someone a free \"staycation\". After trying a handful of people all of whom already had their own plans, I was determined to have the room not go to waste. That's when it suddenly occurred to me that I was looking at the rooms in the wrong way. Instead of viewing them for vacation purposes, surely there must be a way to put them to good use, and that was when the idea that some sort of shelter might be able to use it hit me. I finally found one whose focus is aiding victims of domestic violence. This particular one was willing to listen to my out-of-left-field story and facilitated the transfer of the rooms. The shelter was working with a desperate woman and her young daughter, who were fortunately able to make use of the room. \n Answer: A 4-day travel.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author decide to treat himself to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8d847b96cf5499b9debc3365de73e8d",
            "input": "Article: One day, there was a blind man called John sitting on a bench with a hat by his feet and a sign that read, \"I am blind. Please help me.\" A reporter named Tom was walking by the blind man and stopped to see that the man only had a few coins in his hat. He put a few of his own coins in the hat. Without asking for permission, took the sign, turned it around and wrote a new message. Then he put the sign by the feet of the blind man, and left.  Later that afternoon the reporter returned to the blind man and noticed that his hat was almost full of bills and coins. The blind man recognized his footsteps and asked if it was he who had changed his sign. He also wanted to know what the man wrote on it. The reporter said, \"I just wrote the message a little differently.\" He smiled and went on his way. The new sign read, \"Spring has come, but I can't see anything.\" \n Answer: . John.",
            "output": [
                "What's the blind man's name?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-61a99e06fb9e4b88a2cc696a87e39648",
            "input": "Article: A new study suggests that listening to music in the office improves the speed and accuracy of tasks such as data entry, proof reading and problem solving. In an office-based experiment, 88 per cent of participants were found to produce their most accurate work when listening to music. The study also found that 81 per cent completed their fastest work when music was played. And it matters what type of music you listen to. For instance, if you're doing your tax returns, then classical music is the most effective as it improves maths skills. Listening to Jessie Jor Justin Bieber could also improve your speed, with 58 per cent of participants completing data entry tasks faster while listening to pop songs. During proof-reading, dance music, such as David Guetta, had the biggest positive impact with participants increasing their speed by 20 per cent compared to tests undertaken with no music at all. Dance music also had a positive effect on spell-checking with a 75 per cent pass rate compared to 68 per cent when no music was played at all. The research, undertaken by Brighton-based Mind lab International, suggests that silent offices may be the least productive. 'The Music Works experiment revealed a positive _ between music and productivity - overall it showed that when listening to music, nine out of 10 people performed better,' said Dr David Lewis, chairman of Mind lab International. \n Answer: David Guetta is the head of the experiment",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c42cf2c113f5487c9874c2a3b8e7457b",
            "input": "Article: There is only one winner and in this case it is Gina Rinehart who has won it all. In her own words,\"beauty is an iron mine\", Gina suggested her recipe for glory and fame. She has been announced as the richest woman of the world by BRW (formerly Business Review Weekly) in May 2012. Let's read more about her life and journey to the top. Georgina \"Gina\" Hope Rinehart was born on 9th February, 1954 in Perth, Western Australia, to Hope Margaret Nicholas and Lang Hancock, the mining king. Her father discovered one of the world's biggest reserves in the early 1950s. Gina gained lots of knowledge of the iron-ore industry while working with her father. She married an Englishman Greg Milton, at the age of 19 and together they had two children, John Langley and Bianca Hope. Soon the marriage broke off and she remarried in 1983. Frank Rinehart and Gina had two children: Ginia and Hope. Frank died in 1990. Since then, Gina has devoted herself to her work and empire. She was the sole heir   of her family's wealth. Then after her father died in 1992, she started her professional career as the Executive Chairman of Hancock Prospecting Pty Limited (HPPL) and other privately owned group of companies. At that time, the company centered its functioning to mining-related explorations and accumulation of vast mining leases  . From there, Rinehart worked her way towards transforming the leases into profit earning mines. She also worked together with other companies to raise capital. Her efforts made the business increase three times in 2011 as much as before. At home, Rinehart was working to expand the family business, but she did not satisfy herself with it. In 2010, she stepped into the media industry by acquiring 10% stake   in Ten Network Holdings. Afterwards, she went on to hold stake in Fairfax Media, proving that mining is not her only interest. In June 2012, by increasing her stake in Fairfax to 18.67%, she became the largest stakeholder in the company. With this, she now stands at the head of $US 29.3 billion worth of an empire. Two new projects related to the mining sector in Central Queensland and Roy Hill are expected to begin in 2013. Gina Rinehart has made her way from being Australia's Richest Woman to Australia's Richest Person and then to World's Richest Woman. \n Answer: The iron-ore industry.",
            "output": [
                "According to Gina Rinehart, what makes her successful and famous?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c1622f53d0bb400ab97be93e97fb458c",
            "input": "Article: Society is the term to describe human beings gathered together by social networks tand power networks. It does not refer to everything everybody thinks or does, but, only refer to those things that everybody depends upon ,for example, public services, governments, and all kinds of communities. A society must keep even the poorest and weakest members willing to help even the richest and strongest, so it is very concerned with citizenship, rights, ethics ( )and time limits. These are basic ways to achieve fairness. If they break down badly, people will think the society is unfair and start taking things from each other, refusing to help each other, or seeing those who have more as cheats. When this happens, it is time for the society to break down or fail. Theft, violence and war are things that can make a society break down. A new society may be formed out of the collapse  of an old failed one when people of different kinds reach an agreement about fairness and are willing to live together in harmony again. To adapt to the society, people should make sure that their behavior can be supported by the society, that is to say, there must be some social rules on which citizens base what they do. However, some people take risks that the society will support them when they do whatever they intend to. For instance, they may refuse to obey the law, and count on their fellow society members to free them in a court of appeal, which harms the society. Therefore we need a social contract which sets out rules for the society. One kind of the social contract is a constitution  -which allows a jury or court to decide what is right or wrong according to the social rules. \n Answer: Human beings and what they rely on to live.",
            "output": [
                "What makes up a society according to the passage? ."
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-61747384aa724a7aba2bcde114731a7c",
            "input": "Article: There's a great article in the New York Times this week about the tradition of buying a coffee for a stranger at the same time that you buy your own. They call it _ , the name for \"suspended   coffee\" in its birthplace. In some cafes, folks in need may claim a suspended coffee and drink it without cost. No doubt the free coffee will be welcomed by people who love coffee but for one reason or another don't have the money to buy one. But I also like the opportunity it offers customers to become philanthropists  . Every time they order a coffee, they can give one to somebody in need. This is a tradition that began some 100 years ago in Naples, Italy. In Naples, as reported by the Times, people love this kind of giving: \"To me, the philosophy of the suspended coffee is that you are happy today, and you give a coffee to the world, as a present.\" -- Luigi Solito \"It's a simple act of generosity: an act in which donors and recipients   never meet each other. The donor doesn't show off and the recipient doesn't have to show gratitude.\" --Laura Cozzolino \"Coffee consumptions started earlier than the unification   of Italy by more than 200 years, so the traditions around it are very ancient. In Naples, coffee is a world in itself, both culturally and socially.\" -- Andrea Illy The practice of buying suspended coffees has grown in popularity -- with websites popping up and hundreds of cafes from Canada to Brazil to Hungary to the US offering the service. \n Answer: He can drink one in a cafe that has prepaid coffees.",
            "output": [
                "How can someone get a suspended coffee?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-04357100fbde431eb0549e9428d76ec1",
            "input": "Article: Uncertainty spreads through our lives so thoroughly that it dominates our language. Our everyday speech is made up in large part of words like probably, many, soon, great, little. What do these words mean?Such verbal expression is not necessarily to be criticized. Indeed, it has a value just because it allows us to express judgments when a precise quantitative statement is out of the question. We have been trying to pin down by experiments what people mean by these expressions in specific contexts, and how the meanings change with age. For instance, a subject is told \"There are many trees in the park\" and is asked to say what number the word many mean to him. Or a child is invited to take \"some\" sweets from a bowl and we then count how many he has taken. We compare the number he takes when he is alone with the number when one or more other children are present and are to take some sweets after him, or with the number he takes when told to give \"some\" sweets to another child. First, we find that the number depends, of course, on the items involved. To most people some friends means about five, while some trees means about twenty. However, unrelated areas sometimes show parallel values. For instance, the language of probability seems to mean about the same thing in predictions about the weather and about politics: the expression \"is certain to\" (rain, or be elected) signifies to the average person about a 70 percent chance; \"is likely to\", about a 60 percent chance; \"probably will\" about 55 percent. Secondly, the size of the population of items influences the value assigned to an expression. Thus, if we tell a subject to take \"a few\" or \" a lot of\" glass balls from a box, he will take more if the box contains a large number of glass balls than if it has a small number. But not proportionately more: if we increase the number of glass balls eight times, the subject takes only half as large a percentage of the total. Thirdly, there is a marked change with age. Among children between six and fourteen years old, the older the child, the fewer glass balls he will take. But the difference between a lot and a few widens with age. This age effect is so consistent that it might be used as a test of intelligence. \n Answer: They are necessary since we cannot be always precise.",
            "output": [
                "What's the right attitude towards the words like probably, many, soon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-679c33df05114c598dcdead16cdd8935",
            "input": "Article: Recently a man came to me, because he was told that there is fluid  around his heart. After trying many drugs which were of no use to reduce the fluid, the doctor told him the only other choice was to have an operation. He refused because he knew that every illness has a mental cause and that if he had the operation but did not clear the mental cause, the fluid would return. At last, he searched the Internet to find a metaphysical healer , and he found me. The mental cause of his disease was an experience of breaking up five years ago with several friends, whom he had known for over twenty years. This experience broke his heart. Not knowing how to \"mend\" his broken heart, his body created a \"repair\" by surrounding his heart with fluid to protect it from the sad feelings. Our work focused on reminding him of the feelings of being loved and forgiving his friends. Months later, his hearts was mended and the fluid disappeared. He left my office after the final session with a smile on his face and a spring in his step. The key is: to create a healthy body, you must be healthy not only in body, but also in mind. To be mentally healthy, you need to build up strong relationships. Creating strong relationships will insure that you are accompanied by a network of loving persons. _ is important for building a support system that lifts your spirits. Even when you are alone, you will not feel lonely or upset. Strong relationships are not spaceships----they are not hard to build. \n Answer: Spiritual health is necessary for physical health.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-16ee38e29f294abeaec8f61bfce8f84c",
            "input": "Article: The Garden Burgers located in Truman was recognized by the Garden Burgers head office in Kansas City, Missouri.The Truman location of Garden Burgers recorded the highest sales last year.It brought in over $ 1 ,500,000 for the entire year.But what is more important is that Truman only has a population of 40,000.The store directly behind the Truman store in terms of sales is located in a city of over 300,000. Fred Laster and Jasper Watts bought into the Garden Burgers franchise   only 3 years and a few months ago.They have used the combination of a good restaurant location and a series of promotional events to make Garden Burgers one of the most visited restaurants in Truman.However, they are quick to add that these are not the main reasons the store has done so well.\"We found a franchise with a solid image and great franchise - wide marketing, \" Watts said in a phone interview. Laster and Watts expect this year to be just as productive as last year.After 4 months, they are on pace to exceed last year' s sales by more than $70,000.Each year the head office awards the owners of the store achieving the highest sales with a weekend stay at the best hotel in Kansas City and tickets to a Kansas City Chiefs football game.However, due to the extremely good sales performance of the store in Truman, the head office decided to change the tradition.Laster and Watts said their staff, which consists of only 5 university students, would be joining them in Kansas city as well. Tom Justins, the president of Garden Burgers has also sent his congratulations and he hopes that all their stores can look at the example the store has set. \n Answer: All the staff are invited.",
            "output": [
                "How is the prize different this year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4dae1ce4b066447db71666ff49eabbdc",
            "input": "Article: 7 ways a government shutdown will affect your daily life (CNN) -- Democrats and Republicans were unable to resolve   their differences over Obamacare  and now the government is shut down. The two previous shutdowns -- 1995 and early 1996 -- cost the country $1.4 billion. But what will the shutdown mean for you? Here are 7 ways the government shutdown will affect you. 7. Vacation all I ever wanted: Need to get away? Well, you can't. At least not to national parks. Or to national zoos. Or to national museums. They'll be closed. Were you thinking more along the lines of a trip to France? If you don't already have a passport, you might not get your blue book in time. The last time the government shut down, 200,000 applications for passports went unprocessed. 6. If you drive a car, I'll tax the street: You may be thinking, \"No functioning government, no need to pay taxes.\" Think again. The Man would continue to collect taxes. U.S. bonds would still be issued. And other essential banking functions will go on. 5. Wait a minute, Mr. Postman: You know that whole \"Neither snow, nor rain, nor heat, nor gloom of night\" thing? Apparently, the U.S. Postal Service works through shutdowns as well. Sorry, you won't catch a break from the junk mail. 4. I want a new drug: Oh, the irony  . Republicans still want to _ delay or otherwise withdraw gradually at Obamacare in exchange for funding the government. But the health care act at the center of this storm would continue its process during a shutdown. That is because its funds aren't dependent on the congressional budget   process. 3. Pass the ammunition  : Not so fast. A shutdown would affect the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Translation: That gun permit you wanted processed won't happen anytime soon if this goes on for a while. 2. Money (that's what I want): Well, if you owned a small business and needed a loan from the government, you would have to wait, depending on how long this lasts. If you were planning to buy a house and needed a federal loan, you would have to wait. 1. I'm proud to be an American: Perhaps the biggest hit would be to the collective psyche  . America is the largest economy in the world and a beacon for how democracy ought to work. A recent CNN Research Corporation found that 51% would blame Republicans for the shutdown. The United States has operated without a budget since 2009 and has avoided a government shutdown with last-minute deals. Not only did the government run out of money on Tuesday, but the nation is set to hit its borrowing limit and potentially default on its debt in mid-October. Together, they serve as a double whammy  . \n Answer: Pay taxes.",
            "output": [
                "When the government's shut down, what can the Americans do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-23f24cf375f0479e930411f16ba02e86",
            "input": "Article: Book 1 : Brack Obama  Grades: 3-5 Our Price: $ 8.95 His mother came from Kansas. His father came from Kenya. He grew up in Hawaii and Indonesia, far from the center of American politics. Few people had even heard of Brack Obama before 2004. But one powerful speech in Boston changed all that for the Illinois senator . In 2008, this inspiring leader ran for the country's top job, President. Book 2: Danica Patrick  Grades:  3-5 Our Price: $ 8.95 Growing up, Danica Patrick dreamed of racing in the Indianapolis 500. In 2005, her dream came true. Danica finished the race in fourth place, the best ever result by a woman. Three years later, she became the first female to win an IndyCar race. As a woman competing in a sport dominated by men, Danica faced many obstacles. But she never stopped believing in herself, no matter what the difficulties. Book 3: Ellen Ochoa  Grades: 3-5 Our Price: $ 8.95 Some people dream of becoming stars. Ellen Ochoa dreamed of living among them! She worked hard to make her dream of becoming an astronaut come true. On April 8, 1993, she strapped  herself in for the ride of her life aboard the space shuttle Discovery. Ochoa aimed high and  ly went where no Hispanic woman had gone before. Find out about Ochoa's amazing journey in her own words and photos from her personal collection! Book 4: LeBron James Grades:  3-5 Our Price: $ 8.95 Fans, teammates, and opponents know him as King James. Many people consider LeBron James to be the most talented basketball Player of his generation. But there is much more to his story. He overcame hard times as a kid and rose to national fame as a teenager. He then jumped right from high school to the pros.  Along the way, LeBron never lost sight of where he came from or who he is. \n Answer: They are for the same readers and printed by the same publisher.",
            "output": [
                "What do the four books have in common according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a6ee6bbfe20742339af6009565354aff",
            "input": "Article: Elephants scored a big win in 2010. Representatives from 175 countries at the United Nations' Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) in Doha, Qatar, rejected a bid to allow the sale of ivory. Two African nations, Tanzania and Zambia, had asked to open the ivory trade.   Conservationists feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would have encouraged illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations. African elephants once numbered in the millions. Today, there are fewer than 500,000.   \"People born in 100 years should be able to see an elephant, \" said Noah Wekesa, Kenya's minister of forestry and wildlife. His country voted to keep the ban.    In the 1980s, as many as one million elephants were killed throughout Africa. Hunters killed the animals for their ivory tusks, which were used to make jewelry and other items. \" The slaughter  of elephants in Africa was just terrible, \" says Paul Todd of the International Fund for Animal Welfare ( IFAW ). The group works to protect animals.    The ivory wars continued until 1989, when CITES voted to ban all trade in ivory. With trade controlled, demand for ivory fell. Elephant populations began to increase slowly.    Tanzania and Zambia asked CITES to allow ivory sales from government stockpiles  . Ivory is so expensive that it's known as \"white gold\". Tanzania holds almost 200,000 pounds of ivory, which is worth as much as $20 million. Zambia has 48,000 pounds of the \"white gold\". The two countries argued that their ivory had been taken from hunters or had come from animals that died naturally. They said this income from the sale of ivory would help the countries.    Wildlife experts, who believe that the ivory trade encourages illegal hunting, cheered the CITES decision. \"It's a rare victory for elephants,\" said Jason Bell-Leask, the IFAW's director for southern Africa. \n Answer: To report the news of the banning of ivory trade.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-daeb5d2a6b5b4a09b3888b8f38356121",
            "input": "Article: When elephants retire, many head for the Elephant Sanctuary in Hohenwald, Tenn. They arrive one by one, but they tend to live out their lives two-by-two. \"Every elephant that comes here searches out someone that she then spends most all of her time with,\" says sanctuary co-founder Carol Buckley. It's likely having a best girlfriend, Buckley says - \"Somebody they can relate to, they have something in common with.\" Debbie has Ronnie. Misty can't live without Dulary. _ But perhaps the closest friends of all are Tarra and Bella. Tarra, an 8,700 pound Asian elephant; Bella, a stray dog, are closest friends. Bella is one of more than a dozen stray dogs that have found a home at the sanctuary. Most want nothing to do with the elephants and vice versa. But not this odd couple. \"Bella knows she's not an elephant. Tarra knows she's not a dog,\" Buckley adds. \"But that's not a problem for them.\" \"When it's time to eat they both eat together. They drink together. They sleep together. They play together,\" Buckley says. Tarra and Bella have been close for years -- but no one really knew how close they were until recently. A few months ago Bella suffered a spinal cord injury. She couldn't move her legs, couldn't even wag her tail. For three weeks the dog lay motionless up in the sanctuary office. And for three weeks the elephant held vigil: 2,700 acres to roam free, and Tarra just stood in the corner, beside a gate, right outside that sanctuary office. \"She just stood outside the balcony - just stood there and waited,\" says Buckley. \"She was concerned about her friend.\" Then one day, sanctuary co-founder Scott Blais carried Bella onto the balcony so she and Tarra could at least see each other. \"Bella's tail started wagging. And we had no choice but to bring Bella down to see Tarra,\" Blais says. They visited like that every day until Bella could walk. Today, their love -- and trust -- is stronger than ever. Bella even lets Tarra pet her tummy - with the bottom of her enormous foot. They harbor no fears, no secrets, no prejudices. Just two living creatures who somehow managed to look past their immense differences. Take a good look at this couple, human beings. Take a good look at the world. If they can do it -- what's our excuse? \n Answer: Unlikely friends.",
            "output": [
                "Which would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b19b8bd40f37445b9cafb0be98dc0879",
            "input": "Article: December 2 Sharon called about four times today. At least it shows she's trying to explain something to me. I feel a little better. December 3 This morning Sharon said she had only told one person and didn't know why everyone seemed to know. Yes, I am an adopted   daughter. But she had promised to keep it a secret for ever! December 5 I wish I had a friend I could really trust all of the time. I thought I found that friend, but I haven't and it's making me miserable  ! It's wrong to tell her all about it. She gains my trust, and then loses it. December 7 I have a nice room, beautiful house and everything I've ever wanted. My adoptive parents will give me all the things I've ever dreamed of. Yet all the money in the world can't buy what I want now. I want for Sharon to be my best friend again. December 10 Sharon just called. She said she thought it might help if we spent more time together. She worried that I would switch schools  . She is the best friend I've ever had. When I'm with Sharon, I can be myself. I need Sharon's friendship. I need it more than I've ever known. December 16 I just had the most _ two days of my life! This was the best time I've had for a long, long while. Yesterday, we walked five times around the park and today we walked along the river for twenty minutes. We talked so much. Sharon, Sharon, no brick wall between us now. \n Answer: Her friendship with Sharon.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author mainly worried about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e7d0260d2704218845077abe37747ca",
            "input": "Article: When it comes to film, people usually favor good over evil, focus on the main characters and ignore the supporting characters. But when it comes to the Minions  , these conventions go right out of the window. Originally comedic background characters in the Despicable Me series, these yellow pill-shaped screwballs  have totally stolen the show. This summer the characters appeared in their own self-titled movie in theaters abroad, having the second biggest opening weekend of all time for an animated film, according to USA Today. Recently, McDonald's has been including Minion toys with kids' meals in some regions, causing loyal fans to go to the restaurant to collect them all. Related video games, clothing, toys and other merchandise are sweeping the world. The movie's huge popularity even surprised its writers. \"We never knew the Minions were going to be so popular. It just became a force of nature,\" the film's co-writer, Cinco Paul, told the Los Angeles Times. So, what makes the banana-loving Minions a big hit? For many, the most attractive is obviously their cuteness. Their simple, graphic   nature can easily transcend cultures and age groups. \"Even children can draw them\", Los Angeles Times reporter, Rebecca Keegan, wrote. But there's more than just cuteness. US entertainment website, HitFix, explains that their way of communicating makes the creatures infectious   as well. They largely speak in nonsense words. But it seems everyone can understand them through their exaggerated movements and expressions. They desire nothing more than to serve their most despicable master, Felonious Gru. And this evil characteristic strikes a chord   with humans. \"Perhaps we love Minions because they remind us of ourselves,\" Huffington Post associate Web editor, Sara Boboltz, wrote. \n Answer: It is offering Minion toys to attract fans.",
            "output": [
                "What has McDonald's done to attract customers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2389e1e92d764aeeb5016d1784344202",
            "input": "Article: Reflecting  on the past about those decisions or actions that can't be reversed  and being occupied with thoughts of \"What if?\" is no way to live. But there are a few things in life I'd probably do differently if I had the chance. I once majored in architecture -- something I had been crazy about for as long as I could remember -- and then I suddenly had a change of heart. I made an appointment with my adviser, and told him I was no longer certain I wanted to pursue a career in architecture. \"Don't give up on your childhood dream!\" \"He's right,\" I thought. \"I should just stick it out and I shouldn't disappoint the little girl who once loved architecture.\" It was awful. I was _ , holding on to a childhood dream that had long since faded. When I talked with a friend about it a year later, he asked: \"Right now, what do you want to do with your life?\" That's when I came to the realization that dreams change over time and that you should give up the childhood dream if it's not what you want as an adult. Luckily, it wasn't too late. After some serious thought, I changed my major to journalism. It wasn't something I had always imagined myself pursuing -- but at that moment,  it was what I wanted. We grow up, and sometimes our dreams change -- and that's perfectly OK. You just need to ask yourself every once in a while, \"Is this still what I want?\" If the answer is no, move on and start chasing a new one. \n Answer: She didn't want her childhood dream to fade.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the author change her major immediately?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3333483ac0d24b12b7b692e438f02c89",
            "input": "Article: Outdoor air pollution leads to more than 3 million premature deaths each year, and more than two thirds of them occur in China and India, according to new research. The authors estimate that without government intervention, the total number of deaths could double by 2050. The study, published in the journal Nature, identifies particulate matter  as the prime pollutant leading to premature mortality. Particulate matter, a substance formed as a combination of different materials released into the air, is thought to be harmful to human health once it exceeds 2.5 micrometers in diameter. Researchers also identified ozone as a contributor to dangerous air quality. The causes of air pollution vary dramatically from place to place. In India and China, the study says, emissions from residential heating and cooking drive air pollution by creating unhealthy quantities of smoke. Overall, residential heating emissions cause one third of air pollution-related deaths worldwide. In highly regulated areas, like the United States, Europe and Japan, emissions from agriculture tend to be primary contributors to air pollution. Fertilizer used in agriculture releases ammonia into the atmosphere, a process that creates harmful particulate matter. Globally, air pollution from agriculture kills more than 600,000 people annually, the study finds. The findings are consistent with a 2014 report from the World Health Organization that suggested that 7 million deaths occur annually due to both indoor and outdoor air pollution. The study's conclusions give a sense of urgency to efforts to reduce air pollution but present challenges because of difficulty regulating heating activity in people's homes, according to study author Jos Lelieveld. People who live in the most affected areas should be provided with information about less toxic heating methods, he said. \"It's important to reduce emissions from residential energy use,\" Lelieveld said on a conference call for journalists. \"You can't ask people to stop eating and cooking, but you can provide better technologies.\" Air pollution contributes to a variety of ailments that eventually lead to premature mortality like lung cancer, stroke and heart failure, according to the study. Another study published this week in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives reached similar conclusions showing the devastating   effects of pollution on individual health. Researchers found that chronic exposure to particulate matter increases the chance of early death by 3%. That risk is especially high for heart disease; the chance a person will die of heart disease increases by around 10% with chronic exposure to particulate matter. Researchers found that the number of deaths is expected to double by 2050 without new government policies. Nearly all of the increase will occur in Asia, according to the report. \n Answer: Residential heating emissions cause two thirds of air pollution-related deaths worldwide.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9bed9d558a0043b99142eafd7617a526",
            "input": "Article: One reaction to all the concern about tropical deforestation  is a blank stare that asks the question, \"Since I don't live there, what does it have to do with me?\" The answer is that your way of life, wherever you live in the world, is tied to the tropics in many ways. If you live in a house, wash your hair, eat fruits and vegetables, drink soda, or drive a car, you can be certain that you are affected by the loss of tropical forests. Biologically, we are losing the richest regions on earth when, each minute, a piece of tropical forest, the size of ten city blocks, disappears. As many as five million species of plants, animals, and insects (40 to 50 percent of all living things) live there, and are being lost faster than they can be found and described. Their loss is immeasurable. Take rubber for example. For many uses, only natural rubber from trees will do. _ are not good enough. Today over half the world's commercial rubber is produced in Malaysia and Indonesia, while the Amazon's rubber industry produces much of the world's four million tons. And rubber is an important material in making gloves, balloons, footwear and many sporting goods. Thousands of other tropical plants are valuable for their industrial use. Many scientists strongly believe that deforestation contributes to the greenhouse effect -- or heating of the earth from increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. As we destroy forests, we lose their ability to change carbon dioxide into oxygen. Carbon dioxide levels could double within the next half-century, warming the earth by as much as 4.5 degrees. The result? A partial melt-down of polar ice caps, raising sea levels as much as 24 feet; even 15 feet could threaten anyone living within 35 miles of the coast. Unbelievable? Maybe. But scientists warn that by the time we realise the severe effects of tropical deforestation, it will be 20 years too late. Can tropical deforestation affect our everyday lives? Now, you should have got the answer. \n Answer: The forests are losing their function in turning carbon dioxide into oxygen.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e5689ec4ba1c43459a2c0e75fb13c764",
            "input": "Article: Cambridge University Botanic Garden We run a lively programme of family events, life-long learning courses and much more throughout the year. Improve your Digital Photography This course led by award-winning photographer, Pete Murray, will show you how to take control of your camera. Using a proven \"step by step approach\" you will gain confidence in using your camera. Date:29/09 Time:10 am--4 pm Price:PS60 Event Category: Garden Photography 'Handbag' Baskets New to the Botanic Garden, this course will give you the opportunity to make your very own beautiful 'handbag basket'from a design that local basketry maker, Debbie Hall, developed herself. They have proved very popular since she started teaching the technique. Date: 07/10 Time: 10 am --4:30 pm Price: PS120 Event Category: Weaving & Basketry Trees and Shrubs  for Autumn Color Join Mark Crouch, a specialist in the care of trees, for this course on choosing trees and shrubs to create beautiful autumn displays for your garden. The day will include a talk in our classroom and a tour of the Botanic Garden to look at autumn color and interest across our tree and shrub collection. Date: 17/10 Time: 10 am --4 pm Price: PS50 Event Category: Gardens and Plants Introduction to Botanical Subjects in Colored Pencil If you are interested in beginning to use colored pencils to draw botanical subjects, then this is the course for you. Janie Pirie is one of the country's leading pencil artists and on this one-day course she will show you the basic techniques used when working with colored pencils. Date: 16/10 Time: 10 am --4 pm Price: PS40 Event Category: Botanical Art \n Answer: PS120.",
            "output": [
                "How much would you pay if you wanted to learn to take better pictures?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9a0d2f3bc00424d825eeb767d0e2a5d",
            "input": "Article: Barbara Morgan's lifelong dream has always been to travel into space. On August 8,2007,her wish came true. The former teacher was one of seven crew members on the Space Shuttle Endeavour, which flew into space from NASA's Kennedy Space Station in Florida. Morgan taught at a primary school in Boise from 19751998--with some time off for astronaut training. In 1985, she was chosen as a  _ for Christa McAuliffe, who was to be the first teacher in space. On January 28,1986,the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded just 73 seconds after takeoff killing McAuliffe and the other six crewmembers. After the Challenger accident,Morgan continued to teach. In 1998, she was asked to become an astronaut. Morgan's mission aboard Endeavour includes overseeing the move of 5000 pounds of goods from the shuttle to the International Space Station and operating the shuttle's robotic arm. Morgan gave students an unusual class after she was in space. Morgan's outofthisworld class was broadcast live on NASA television. Her husband Clay Morgan said he couldn't help but smile as he watched her talk to students. \"I'm just so proud of her and how she's going to do all this and do the work of an astronaut as well as a teacher,\" he said. \"She just kept telling me how unbelievable it was to be in space and I think it's much better than she expected.\" One student asked Morgan how being a teacher compared to being an astronaut. \"We explore, we discover and we share,\" she said. \"The great thing about being a teacher is you get to do that with students, and the great thing about being an astronaut is you get to do it in space, these are both wonderful jobs.\" The 25minute questionandanswer meeting also included the astronauts entertaining students by swallowing floating juice bubbles and playing with Pingpong balls. \n Answer: Barbara Morgan's Longlife Dream",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c421c7e01dea460eb517aaca2f6d23cb",
            "input": "Article: Neighbours play an important role in our lives. Their lifestyles, friends, and social habits can have a strong influence on our lives. It is a good idea to get to know the people next door or across the street to develop a community   of support and safety. You never know when a neighbour will find a stranger walking around your house, or you may want to leave an extra key at their house in case someone in your family gets locked out. How do you get along with your neighbours? Here are some tips for building a better relationship with your neighbours. Point 1...Proper greetings can make your neighbours remember your name and pave   the way for more meaningful future meetings. Don't stay too long, though, or you'll wear out your welcome! Point2...If your neighbour is building a pool, offer a few hours of help. Besides, you never know when the favor might be returned. Point3...If you hear that someone who live close to you has had an accident, take over a hot meal or some fruit. Your action will add a special touch during a difficult time. Point4...Invite your neighbours over for a cup of coffee in December or an Easter egg hunt in spring. A backyard barbecue   can be a great way to share food and fun. Your neighbours may annoy you at times, but they are like family in many ways. Appreciate their strengths and overlook their weaknesses, and everyone will get along just fine. \n Answer: Having a very long conversation with a new neighbour.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following may NOT be something nice to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae9848335efc4899af912ffe41165c4c",
            "input": "Article: When I was ten my dad helped me buy my first ten-speed bicycle from Allen. I put up $60 of my grass cutting and snow shoveling   money and my dad put up the other half I would pay him back over the next six months. Although it was not in the latest style, it was my ticket to the adult world. I spent that summer and autumn riding happily. My sister Liz, a prisoner of her five-speed bicycle, never had a chance to keep up. Just before the Christmas deadline to pay my dad back, we were hit with several snowstorms. This allowed me to shovel enough driveways   to pay off my debt. I was now officially a bike owner; it was a feeling unlike any other. On that Christmas morning, my dad gave me a used portable   record player. I was excited. However, my joy was short-lived after my dad called my sister to the kitchen. \"We have one more gift for you.\" he said as he opened the door that led to the garage. There, on the steps, stood a new ten-speed bicycle. \"It's not fair,\" I complained. \"I worked so hard for my bike and it's not even new. Then Liz gets a new bike. She didn't have to do anything for it. \" My dad smiled. \"She didn't have to do anything for it because it' s not really for her,\" he said. What did that mean? I didn't want her bike. By spring Liz and I were riding all over town together now that she could keep up. As we grew, Liz and I became true friends. Still I wasn't smart enough to figure out what my dad meant until years later. That new bike was not a gift for Liz -- it was a gift for me. He'd given me the gift of my sister's company, the ability to stay together rather than drift apart   in the face of my ability to travel. He gave me my best friend. \n Answer: It was worth $120.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the author's bike?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ee60d47fd7d438e83797b6625c2edeb",
            "input": "Article: As nanny , cook, cleaner, shopper, driver, and gardener, she has one of the most demanding jobs in Britain today. And paying someone else to do the chores  which take the average housewife 71 hours a week would cost EUR349. At over EUR18,000 a year that's more than the earnings of 70 percent of the population, including train drivers, firemen, prison officers, and social worker. Looking after a baby less than a year old takes a housewife into a even higher pay league. According to a stud, she earns EUR457 a week - at nearly EUR24,000 a year, the same as teachers, engineers, and chemists. Researchers put a price on each chore, then tried to find out how long the average person takes doing them. They found housewives spend an average 70.7 hours a week on housework - with looking after the children (17.9hours) and cooking and cleaning (12.9 hours each) the most time-consuming . A wife with a part-time job still works and average of 59 hours a week at home. Those in full-time employment put in longer hours at home than in the workplace. The good news is that these hours sharply as children get older. While the average mother with child under one puts in 90 hours weekly, the figure drops to 80 hours from one to four and to 66 hours from five to ten. Mother-of-four Karen Williams from London said, \"Paying the housewives may not be practical, but the government should recognize the value of housework, perhaps through the tax. Running a house takes a lot of time and most husbands don't understand this. For example, my husband only puts a shelf up now and again. He never cleans the kitchen - that's the real test.\" \n Answer: A teacher.",
            "output": [
                "Who earns most according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5109abc9d61d48af94508e6b941324f9",
            "input": "Article: Someday a stranger will read your email without your permission or scan the website you have visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits. In fact, it is likely that some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without permission? It might be a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen----- _ stcentury is the equal of being caught naked. Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy and that it is important to reveal yourself to friends, families and lovers at appropriate time and places. But now few boundaries remain. The information you leave everywhere makes it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. Believe it or not, we live in a world where you simply can't keep a secret. The key question is: does that matter? When you ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny part of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths  to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few refuse to offer personal information like Social Security numbers to get supermarket loyalty cards. But privacy   does matter--at least sometimes. It is like health: when you have it, you don't notice it. Only when it is gone do you wish you had done more to protect it. \n Answer: The closer they are, the deeper their friendship is.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the statements will the psychologists probably agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ed15254058d44f748f1ec45edee42472",
            "input": "Article: One Saturday morning we were on our way home and decided to stop at a local gas station to get something to eat since it was a good hour and a half before we got home. We noticed a man standing outside in front of the building. You could tell that he was a homeless man. His clothes were worn and dirty, and not enough on this terrible cold day of the year. He must have not had enough money to get something to eat. The next thing I remember is a dog that walked up to the front of the building. Being a dog lover, I noticed she was part wolf and probably part German shepherd  . I could tell she had been feeding puppies  . She was terribly in need of something to eat and I felt so bad for her.     I knew if she didn't eat soon, she and her puppies would not make it. We noticed people walked by and didn't even care for her. She might not have been as pretty and clean as most, but she still deserved better. We still did not do anything. But someone did. The homeless man, who I thought did not buy himself anything to eat, went into the store in front of him. Any what he did brought tears to me and my wife. He brought a can of dog food with what money he may have had and fed that dog. I was so moved and walked to him and gave him all my pocket money.     I know this story isn't as moving as most stories, but it plays a great part in our lives. You see, that day was Mother's Day. And a lot of people forget that some animals are parents too. And animals as well as we are God's creations. The homeless man showed me what I should have done. He made a decision to be a better man in future. \n Answer: At a local bus station.",
            "output": [
                "Where did the author notice the homeless man stand?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-740b200e32064033bd07c4e46f0e8225",
            "input": "Article: I went through a training program and became a literacy volunteer last surnmen The training I received, though excellent, did not tell me how it was to work with a real student, however. When I began to discover what other people's lives were like because they could not read, I realized the true importance of reading. My first student Marie was a 44-year-old single mother of three. In the first lesson, I found out she walked two miles to the nearest supermarket twice a week because she didn't know which bus to take. When I told her I would get her a bus schedule, she told me it would not help because she could not  read it. She said she also had difficulty once she got to the supermarket,because she couldn't always remember what she needed. Since she did not know words, she could not write out a shopping list. Also, she could only recognize items by sight, so if the product had a different label, she would not recognize it as the product she wanted. As we worked together, learning how to read built Marie's self-confidence,which encouraged her to continue her studies. She began to make rapid progress and was even able to take the bus to the supermarketelt. After this successful trip, she reported how self-confident she felt. At the end of the program, she began helping her youngest son,Tony, a shy first grader with his reading. She sat with him before he went to sleep and together they would read bedtime stories. When his eyes became wide with excitement as she read, pride was written all over her face. As she described this experience, I was proud of myself as well. I found that helping Marie to build her self-confidence was more rewarding than anything I had ever done before. As a literacy volunteer, I learned a great deal about teaching and helping others. In fact, I may have learned more from the experience than Marie did. \n Answer: She helped someone to learn to read",
            "output": [
                "What did the author do last summer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-823c19dbf39d449c8ff5492d18b0fd6a",
            "input": "Article: Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be last within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where there is zero logic and dead people can speak. A century ago, Freud formulated  his revolutionary theory that dreams were the hidden shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists  had switched to thinking of them as just \"mental noise\"--the random byproducts  of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are regulating moods while the brain is \"offline\". And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events actually can be bought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. \"It's your dream,\" says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. \"If you don't like it, change it.\" Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during rapid eye movement sleep when most vivid dreams occur as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved: the limbic system or the emotional brain is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex--the center of intellect and reasoning, is relatively quiet. \"We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day,\" says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement. This link is shown among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events--until, it appears, we begin to dream. There is probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or \"We wake up in a panic,\" Cartwright says. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep or rather dream on it and you'll feel better in the morning. \n Answer: Dreamers can exercise conscious control over them.",
            "output": [
                "What does Rosalind Cartwright think of dreams?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d5b84a8cd03c4abbad1165bff44d1629",
            "input": "Article: Welcome to the Old Royal Naval College (ORNC), one of London's most famous landmarks. It is open daily and is a wonderful place to visit -- whether you have an hour or a day. The buildings and grounds of the ORNC were originally designed as a refuge for old and injured sailors in the 1690s. Later the site became a training college for officers in the Royal Navy. Today they are free to visit and host an exciting range of events all year round. Painted Hall View the impressive Painted Hall, known as the greatest piece of decorative painting in England. Sir James Thornhill spent 19 years painting it celebrating the royal family and maritime  power. Discover more interesting history through our daily talks and family activities. Chapel  Redecorated by James\"Athenian\"Stuart after a fire in 1779, the Chapel reflects Stuart's Greek influences, and is still an active place to show respect and love for God. Besides, it is a perfect place for concerts and recitals . Discover Greenwich Explore over 500 years of history and architecture at the Discover Greenwich Visitor Centre. There is an impressive central model of Maritime Greenwich World Heritage  Site. Opening times Painted Hall, Chapel and Discover Greenwich Visitor Centre open from 10:00 to 17:00, Mon to Sun. (Chapel opens at 12:00 on Sun following service). Grounds open daily 08:00-18:00. \n Answer: Helping injured sailors.",
            "output": [
                "What were the buildings and grounds of the ORNC intended for at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-155553ad78934e16aabb3cd6573fe5d1",
            "input": "Article: It was a winter morning,just a couple of weeks before Christmas of 2005. While most people were warming up their cars,Trevor,my husband,had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work. On arrival,he parked his bike outside the back door as he usually does. After putting in 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone. The bike,a black Kona 18 Speed,was our only transport. Trevor used it to get to work,putting in 60-hour weeks to support his young family. And the bike was also used to get foods, saving us from having to walk along long distances from where we live. I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that,several people in our area offered to help. One wonderful stranger even bought a bike,then called my husband to pick it up. Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job. It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before. People say that a smile can be passed from one person to another,but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so. This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it made us believe more in the beauty of humanity   as a whole. And it has influenced us to be more mindful of ways we,too,can share with others. No matter how big or how small,an act of kindness shows that someone cares. And the results can last forever. \n Answer: They used it for work and daily life.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the bike so important to the couple?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa1eedbcc1844296aa501f291cf7fa31",
            "input": "Article: The children's Theater was actually an old mill building with cement walls, twisting passages and big staircases. One afternoon, my eight-year-old sister Brittany and I were with the drama group rehearsing A Little Princess, a children's play. \"Good luck!\" I whispered as Brittany adjusted her boarding school costume.   \"Take your places for act one, please. Everyone, places for act one!\" called the director. The lights went out and the rehearsal began. Halfway through the first act, Brittany finished her part and went backstage. She grabbed her script from the table and read along with the rehearsal that was still going on in front of the curtain. A small group of fellow actors joined her, and started practicing lines. Suddenly, something wet exploded on the back of Brittany's head! Turning around, she saw a tall girl with a beverage bottle in her hand. Sticky blue liquid slid down Brittany's face. The older girl laughed . Brittany glanced at her, expecting someone else to speak up and defend her. However, they all screamed with laughter and pointed mocking fingers at Brittany, who ran out of the make-up room in dismay.   Ten minutes later, Brittany met me backstage. \"A big girl just sprayed me with this stuff and laughed at me,\" she said, trying to wipe the liquid out of her curly hair. \"All the other girls laughed, too.\" I didn't even know the girl's name, and she was bullying my sister ! When we got home, we looked at the cast list and found that the girl's name was Jessica. Our mom e-mailed the director, who said she would talk to Jessica and arrange time for an apology right before the next rehearsal. Nobody really expected a heartfelt apology from Jessica but Brittany was prepared to forgive her. Before the next rehearsal, the director met Brittany at the door and announced that we had a problem on our hands. \"Jessica swears that she was never even near you yesterday,\" she said. But Brittany knew the truth. As she glanced across the room full of young actors, she glimpsed Jessica sitting in a metal folding chair. For a split second, their eyes met. Jessica quickly turned away to stare in the opposite direction. For weeks afterwards, no matter how hard Brittany tried to talk to her, Jessica refused to look her way. It was very difficult for Brittany to work with Jessica during every rehearsal , for three hours each week. But finally, we were ready to perform. There would be three performances over the course of the next weekend. Brittany and I were glad that the ordeal was almost over. After the first show, Brittany and I each got a beautiful bouquet from our church's pastor and his wife. Jessica didn't get a single flower. The second night, we received flowers from our grandparents. Again, Jessica received nothing. On the way home, Brittany spoke up. \"Mommy\", she said quietly from the back seat of the car, \"I've been thinking, and I decided to buy some flowers for Jessica,\" Mom smiled in surprise and replied, \"That would be very nice.\" Before the last performance, Brittany met Jessica on the way to the theater. She handed the older girl a big bunch of yellow roses, bought with her own savings. \"Great job with the show last night, Jessica. These are for you.\" Jessica was astonished. \"For me?\" she said. \"These flowers are for me? Are you sure?\" \"Yes I want you to have them!\" Brittany skipped towards the dressing room, leaving Jessica staring at her with a confused look on her face and a bouquet of beautiful flowers in her arms.  That night, Jessica finally received some flowers from her dad. She pulled out a spring of carnations and smiled shyly as she gave them to Brittany. Maybe Jessica will never apologize to Brittany. Maybe she won't ever even admit her mistake. But she is just beginning to realize what wonderful things a person's love does in people like Brittany. \n Answer: She played a trick on Brittany.",
            "output": [
                "What did Jessica do to Brittany ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1e8bc187aa1c4f96860e2c6bcbad2ef2",
            "input": "Article: Mass media are tools of communication. They allow us to record and pass information rapidly to a large, scattered audience. They extend our ability to each other by helping us overcome limits caused by time and space. Mass media can be divided into two groups: print media and electronic media. By print media, we mean books, newspapers and magazines. Electronic media include television, radio and movie. There are a number of ways in which mass media make daily life easier for us. First, they inform and help us keep a watch on our world. They gather and pass on information we would be unlikely or unable to gain on our own. Second, mass media help us to arrange our time and life. What we talk about and what we think about are greatly influenced by the media. When people get together, they tend to talk about certain happenings on the newspapers or on TV. Because we are provided with differing points of view through different kinds of media every day, we are able to comment on all sides of a certain issue. Third, mass media help us to connect with various groups in society. Through mass media, we are able to keep in contact with politicians in the world; with famous actors and actresses, and with our beloved singers. Fourth, the media help to socialize us. We learn about the preferred behavior and values from the people we meet as well as from the media. Through portrayals of people, the media tell us what proper behaviors are. By doing so, they teach us standards of behavior and values, and help us in our daily life. Fifth, the media are used to persuade people. A good example is advertisements through the media. Newspapers, magazines and TV are filled with all kinds of colorful, persuasive advertisements. Though many advertisements may not say openly that they want you to buy a certain product, they describe their products in such a way that you may want to but them. Sixth, the media entertain. All of the media make some effort trying to entertain their audience. For example, even though the newspaper is a main medium of information, it also contains entertainment features. Many newspapers offer their readers at least some of the following: comics, fiction books and puzzle games, televisions and magazines are devoted mainly to entertainment. It is guessed that in the future, the entertainment function of mass media will become even more important than it is now. \n Answer: Mass media help us spend time with others in a friendly way.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements isn't true about medium?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1dd34e2a6fb141ecb6bd87068780f0f0",
            "input": "Article: We live in a culture that sends out very mixed messages about mistakes: We're told we learn by making them, but we work hard to avoid them. So the result is that most of us know that we are going to make mistakes, but deep down, we feel we shouldn't. Experiments with schoolchildren who did well on a given test show that those who were praised for being smart and then offered a more challenging or less challenging task afterward usually chose the easier one. On the other hand, children praised for trying hard-- rather than being smart--far more often selected the more difficult task. If we try hard to avoid mistakes, we aren't open to getting the information we need in order to do better. In a writing study, experiments showed that those who are so scared to make mistakes perform worse in writing tasks than those who aren't as worried about being perfect. They fear receiving any kind of negative feedback, so they don't learn where they went wrong and how to get better. We don't just learn more when we're open to mistakes, we learn deeper. Research tells us that if we're only concerned about getting the right answer, we don't always learn the underlying concepts that help us truly understand whatever we're trying to figure out. Mistakes need to be seen not as a failure to learn, but as a guide to what still needs to be learned. As Thomas Edison said, \"I am not discouraged, because every abandoned wrong attempt is another step forward.\" Furthermore, we often make mistakes because we try new things--we wander away from accepted paths. Teflon, penicillin--these are examples of great discoveries made by mistake. Take a page from Albert Einstein, who said, \"Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. \" \n Answer: He will choose a less challenging task.",
            "output": [
                "What will happen to students praised for being smart in face of choosing tasks compared to students praised for working hard?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-822ec1fcc6fd432abb332eccecdfa9b7",
            "input": "Article: I feel it enormous responsibility, as a mother of two little girls, to lead you down a path that is relatively healthy when it comes to beauty and self-image. In a lot of women's eyes I've probably already failed in that respect due to the amount of pink princess Barbie   mess cluttering up   Vera's room. But I will say something about Barbie: I played with that stuff for a solid decade when I was growing up and here I am now at a healthy weight with a healthy outlook on my body and image. I have a successful career. If Barbie was really so damaging to my femininity   and self-image I highly doubt I could list all of the accomplishments. But I get it too. It's hard for women to maintain a healthy self-image. I have girlfriends around whom I have to brace myself to see, because just being around them makes me self-conscious. I look at old pictures of my mother and wonder why I've never been able to be as skinny as she was. And then I have friends who are thinner than their mothers ever were. We women go round and round in circles, holding hands and trying to be one another sometimes. Men like to think we dress and style ourselves for them, but why would we when they hardly notice? I've never tried so hard to look good when I know I'm about to meet up with a stylish girlfriend. It's she who will notice my slimmed-down waist or the thinnest, little bracelet on my arm. And I have no doubt that the two of you, Veronica and Juliette, will endlessly compare yourselves to each other. You will wonder why one of you got longer legs or shinier hair. The thing I'll tell you is this: not even the prettiest of us feel settled. The girl you think looks the most perfect in the world is probably the girl who wants to change herself more than anyone else. Don't take these on. You are not worthless. You are so full of love and light and you should let it shine through your every second. If someone pushes you down for standing tall then just push yourself back up and stand even taller. And know that the reason they push you down in the first place is just because they're scared. \n Answer: The author cares more about looking good before her girlfriends.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-677d0d775ed64756a0b84d8aac1eda56",
            "input": "Article: Big messaging apps abroad While WeChat is China's biggest mobile messaging app  , there are many equivalent apps in other countries that offer similar features. WhatsApp (US) Users: more than 300 million Platforms: Android, iOS, Windows Phone, BlackBerry Features: text chats, pushtotalk, file sharing, location sharing With more than 300 million active users, WhatsApp is one of WeChat's biggest competitors. Developed by two exYahoo employees in 2009, WhatsApp originally focused on text chats, but on Aug. 6 it also started pushtotalk service. It's noted for its accessibility, ease of use and the absence   of adverts. The service is free for the first year, after which D|S0.99 (6.06 yuan) is charged for a oneyear subscription. Kakao Talk (South Korea) Users: more than 100 million Platforms: Android, iOS, Windows Phone, BlackBerry and Bada (an operating system developed by Samsung) Features: text chats, group chats, pushtotalk, group calls, file sharing With more than 100 million users in more than 230 countries, Kakao Talk is a multiplatform   texting application that allows users to send and receive messages for free. With Kakao Talk, users can message each other oneonone or in group chats with unlimited numbers of friends. You can also choose from more than 250 animated emoticons and share them with friends. Line (Japan) Users: more than 200 million Platforms: Android, iOS, Windows Phone, BlackBerry and PC Features: text chats, group chats, pushtotalk, file sharing, location sharing, gaming, stickers Line tops the list of the most downloaded free apps in 52 countries. Apart from text and voice messaging, Line provides its users with more than 250 original stickers and emoticons to buy from its own shop. In the first quarter of 2013 alone, it made D|S17 million just from stickers. The popular app also allows friends to battle each other in the Line games. \n Answer: Group mobile games.",
            "output": [
                "Compared with the other two apps, which of the following features makes Line stand out?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-018370c87799443aa87c4d046afdad28",
            "input": "Article: Mark Thompson, the BBC's director general, is expected to announce on Thursday that the BBC will quit its entire west London home -- possibly selling the land to Chelsea football club -- as part of main plans that will see more staff moved out of the capital to Salford and elsewhere. The move is at the heart of the BBC's long-awaiting cost-cutting strategy which will see nearly 2,000 more jobs going at the public broadcaster, and some original programming,such as daytime shows on BBC2, _ to save money. Several thousand people are employed at the west London sites,including Thompson himself and the bosses of all the BBC's television channels.The employees are expected to be relocated to Broadcasting House in central London, Salford, or elsewhere. The BBC has been broadcasting at various locations in the Shepherd's Bush area since moving into Lime Grove in 1949.It then switched to the Television Centre in 1960,and more modern offices at nearby White City.But it is now open to selling the site, and the broadcaster has had talks about attracting Premier League clubs Chelsea or Queen's Park Rangers as buyers.Both clubs are looking for new homes. Earlier leaks suggest that the BBC will seek to cut spending on sports where the corporation has already decided to share coverage of Formula 1 with Sky TV -- and imports,such as Mad Men and The Killing.BBC4 is expected to focus on \"arts and archive \", but Thompson has long ruled out closing any channels or radio stations.BBC1 and Radio 4 will be protected,but there are expected to be some cuts to local radio programs, which will see stations share shows outside breakfast and drive-time hours. The corporation is already committed to remove TV Centre by 2015, but because parts of the building are listed, the football clubs have expressed an interest in the BBC's White City offices instead,which could be knocked down. The White City building is where Thompson and the broadcaster's commercial division, BBC Worldwide, are based. BBC sources say the 2,500 job losses being proposed include the 650 cuts to the World Service already announced, with up to l,000 coming from BBC News.It is understood that some staff who have only just made the move to Salford could see their jobs at risk. Salford is now home to Radio5 Live, children's programs such as Blue Peter, and sports output including Match of the Day. \n Answer: The BBC has to cut down its cost.",
            "output": [
                "Why is the BBC planning to quit its west London home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f3c7a94e01d74efe8da3fc846eb6100f",
            "input": "Article: More than meets the eye Fine wines, food, perfume, luxury brands and art-in the eyes of many Chinese, France is a country of romance and fashion. but there is more to France than that. In an interview with CCTV, French President Francois Hollande, who paid a state visit to China on April 25 to 26 with hopes of fighting the recession in his country by improving relations with China, said that France also stands out in fields such as science and technology. Indeed, during Hollande's stay in China, the two governments signed a series of deals on nuclear power, urbanization, new energy tourism and agricultural products, and a deal for 60 Airbus plans. France is China's fourth largest trading partner in the EU, while China is France's largest trading partner in Asia and its largest source of imports in the world. \"I look forward to the future of our global strategic partnership,\"President Xi Jinping said at a news conference with Hollande. The French leader, in a speech delivered at Shanghai Jiaotong University, also addressed issues that directly concern Chinese young people .In the speech, he promised to shorten the processing tine of visa applications for Chinese students studying in France. France is the most popular travel destination with Chinese tourists, according to a 2012 survey by the China Tourism Academy. In response to several recent attacks on Chinese tourists in France, Hollande and the country's tourism minister promised to take measures, such as deploying more police in scenic spots frequented by Chinese tourists to ensure their safety. Chinese tourists were also reminded not to carry too much cash with them. China and France began interacting with each other in the 17th century, when French kings sent numerous missionaries to China to promote Christianity. They also spread Western science in China. Jean-Francois Gerbillon (1654-1707),for instance, who went by the name of Zhang Cheng in China, was one of them, A good mathematician, Gerbillon taught Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty about Western science. The missionaries' description of a stable and powerful China, compared with Europe's sectarian conflicts and problems at the time, led to a \"China fever\" sweeping across France and other parts of Europe during the 17th and 18th century. In the 19th century, however, China became weak and was defeated in several wars with industrialized France and other European powers. The 20th century, especially in 1964, saw Sino-French relations turn a new page. That year, France became the first Western country to establish diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. Since then, \"France-China relations have been good or very good over the long run,\"Xinhua said. But the relationship between the two countries hasn't been all well-established. The disruption of the Beijing Olympic torch relay in Paris and comments by French politicians on Tibet, for example, have caused anger in China. \n Answer: Chinese tourists like to travel in France.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4cfa6f522dbb4fc9af3f18bc07e0c862",
            "input": "Article: Today, there's hardly an aspect of our life that isn't being upended by the tons of information available on the hundreds of millions of sites crowding the Internet, not to mention its ability to keep us in constant touch with each other via electronic mail. \"If the automobile and aerospace technology had exploded at the same pace as computer and information technology,\" says Microsoft, \"a new car would cost about $ 2 and go 600 miles on a small quantity of gas. And you could buy a Boeing 747 for the cost of a pizza.\" Probably the biggest payoff, however, is the billions of dollars the Internet is saving companies in producing goods and serving for the needs of their customers. Nothing like it has been seen since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, when power-driven machines began producing more in a day than men could turn out in nearly a year. \"We view the growth of the Internet and e-commerce as a global trend,\" says Merrill Lynch, \"along the lines of printing press, the telephone, the computer, and electricity.\" You would be hard pressed to name something that isn't available on the Internet. Consider: books, health care, movie tickets, construction materials, baby clothes, stocks, cattle feed, music, electronics, antiques, tools, real estate, toys, autographs of famous people, wine and airline tickets. And even after you've moved on to your final resting place, there's no reason those you love can't keep in touch. A company called FinalThoughts.com offers a place for you to store \"afterlife e-mails\" you can send to Heaven with the help of a \"guardian angel\". Kids today are so computer literate that it in fact ensures the United States will remain the unchallenged leader in cyberspace for the foreseeable future. Nearly all children in families with incomes of more than $75,000 a year have home computers, according to a study by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Youngsters from ages 2 to 17 at all income levels have computers, with 52% of those connected to the Internet. Most kids use computers to play games (some for 30 hours or more a week), and many teenage girls think nothing of rushing home from school to have e-mail chats with friends they have just left. What's clear is that, whether we like it or not, the Internet is an ever growing part of our lives and there is no turning back. \"The Internet is just 20% invented,\" says cyber pioneer Jake Winebaum. \"The last 80% is happening now.\" \n Answer: Information technology is developing at an amazing speed.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the Microsoft's remark?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b067276a12f546e9974de9761afbdfbf",
            "input": "Article: Thick dust rose and a large building collapsed. This was the scene in Zhu Zhou,Hunan Province on May 17. Nine people were killed and 16 injured. Things were similar in the Sichuan earthquake. Thousands of people were buried in the ruins and lost their lives. What if we could have warned them? People are always _ to find a way of preventing buildings' collapse. Better materials and technology help,but they are not a solution. Just like humans,a building has its own life cycle from \"birth\" to \"death\".If we know when a building is going to collapse,we can repair it in advance or get out of it before it falls. Now,scientists at the University of Illinois have developed a material that turns red before it breaks. The invention could be used in things like climbing ropes or bridge supports. The research was led by Nancy Sottos,a professor at the university's Beckman Institute,and Douglas Davis,a graduate research assistant. The secret behind the color--changing material is a type of molecule  .A molecule is a group of atoms held together by chemical bonds. Imagine you and your friends standing in a circle,holding hands. Each person stands for one atom,your hands represent the bonds,and the entire circle represents a molecule. If one person lets go of his or her hands,the molecule changes color. The research team put the molecule into a soft material. When the researchers stretched the material,it turned bright red for a few seconds before it broke into two pieces. When they repeatedly stretched and relaxed the material,without breaking it,it only turned a little red. The major problem is that light can get rid of the red color. When the team shone bright light on the molecule,the broken bond was fixed,and the color disappeared. Scientists have yet to do more research before the color--changing molecules can be used outside the lab. \n Answer: A way of preventing building from collapsing.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly introduce?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-725883a42cef4e67a1922e4900df387e",
            "input": "Article: As you grow older, you'll be faced with some challenging decisions--like whether to cut class or try cigarettes. Making decisions on your own is hard enough, but when other people get involved and try to pressure you one way or another it can be even harder. People who are your age, like your classmates, are called peers. When they try to influence how you act, to get you to do something, it's called peer pressure. Peers can have a positive influence on each other. Maybe another student in your science class taught you an easy way to remember the planets in the solar system. Maybe you got others excited about your new favorite book, and now everyone's reading it. These are examples of how peers positively influence each other. Sometimes peers influence each other in negative ways. For example, a few kids in school might try to get you to cut class with them; your soccer friend might try to convince you to be mean to another player and never pass him the ball. It is tough to be the only one who says \"no\" to peer pressure, but you can do it. Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help you know the right thing to do. You've probably had a parent or teacher advising you to \"choose your friends wisely.\" Peer pressure is a big reason why they say this. If you choose friends who don't cut class, smoke cigarettes, or lie to their parents, then you probably won't do these things either, even if other kids do. If you continue to face peer pressure and you're finding it difficult to handle, talk to someone you trust. Don't feel guilty if you've made a mistake or two. \n Answer: Students.",
            "output": [
                "For whom is the passage most probably written?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-05812812fee4461e82fa76a3029a7d7f",
            "input": "Article: This is our last issue of the 2010-11 school year.Our cover story, on hair, may be more useful to your students than you suspect.They're in the process of building their identities and testing independence, so some big questions --should I shave, or wait? Will I go bald like my dad? --are front and center to them.We hope the article helps them think through their options        We round out the year with some other interesting topics.You and your class may not know much about borderline personality disorder; hopefully, our piece on this mental health issue will change that.Also look for stories about making small talk and medical decisions, as well as an up-to-date piece on the  _ of mixing alcohol with energy drinks or caffeine, which is becoming popular among some teens but may be life-taking.        And we hope you've found our blog equally helpful.Have you checked it out yet?Visit us at www.weeklyreader.com/chblog.We are constantly on the lookout for resources you can use for bringing health news into your classroom, links to contests and cool health sites, and comments from other subscribers.Please let us know what you think! Don't forget that you can now access every Current Health Teens page in a digital format.Teachers and students can read articles on computers at home or school, as well as on interactive whiteboards.You can log in to this feature here.You'll need your account number, which is listed next to your name on the mailing label printed on the blue and yellow back cover of your Teacher's Guide.        We're always eager to hear from our readers--drop us a note at chteens@weeklyreader.com and let us know what you think.Thanks for choosing Current Health! Enjoy your summer, and we'll meet you right back here, next school year!  Cordially, Meredith Matthews Senior Editor Current Health Teens \n Answer: An article on notes taken from chteens@weeklyreader.com.",
            "output": [
                "Which article can NOT be found in the last issue of the 2010-11 school year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cbe4741c7dad470dab5beab1b5468926",
            "input": "Article: English is spoken as a first language by most people in the USA, Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and Canada. However, English is spoken all over the world. It is the main language in over 60 countries, such as India, Singapore and in many of the Caribbean and Pacific islands. In those places English is often a second language. English is also as an important international language in many other countries, like China and Japan. People in these countries use it for business, and travelers to these countries use English when they get there. Other people may learn English because they enjoy reading books in English, listening to British or American music or watching American films. English has changed a lot these years and still goes on changing. It is no longer right to talk about British English or American English if the speaker doesn't come from those countries. People in Japan or Korea, for example, may use the American spelling but may not sound like Americans. English will be the most widely used language in the world in the 21stcentury. This language no longer belongs to British, American or Australian speakers. It belongs to anyone who can use this language. After you leave school, you will almost certainly need it. \n Answer: Six.",
            "output": [
                "In how many countries is English spoken as a first language in the world?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7a9a7cc05c5e4c07991f3e6b58d67c3a",
            "input": "Article: Despite the fact that it has never been seen almost everyone is familiar with the legendary unicorn . Descriptions of unicorns have been found dating from ancient times. The great philosopher Aristotle theorized that there were two types of unicorn--- the so-called Indian Ass and the Oryx, a kind of antelope. Unicorns are often used in the logo of a noble family, town council or university as their special sign. Even Scotland is represented by a unicorn. According to the legend, anyone attempting to catch a unicorn had to be extremely careful as it was very fierce and dangerous. A clever trick suggested by unicorn-trappers, in order to catch this amazing animal without being hurt by its horn, was for the hunter to stand in front of a tree and then to move quickly behind it as the unicorn dashed angrily. Hopefully, the creature could then be caught when its horn was stuck in the tree. When hollowed out and used as a drinking-cup, the unicorn's horn was said to have the power to offer protection against person. It was believed that nobody could be harmed-by drinking the contents of a unicorn's horn. Right up until the French Revolution in 1789, the French court was said to have used cups made of \"unicorn\" horn in order to protect the king. In addition, the horn was said to have medicinal value, so much so that it could be sold for more than ten times the price of the same weight of gold. What, then, was \"unicorn\" horn? We know at times the rhino  was confused with this legendary creature. A drinking-cup supposedly made of \"unicorn\" horn was discovered to be made of the horn of a rhino. \n Answer: It could be the symbol of a university",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE of the unicorn?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8376cfc9375b404fa2841a5c296d4e0c",
            "input": "Article: The only survivor of one of the two Sandy Hook Elementary School first-grade classrooms where Adam Lanza shot and killed 20 children tricked the gunman by playing dead,the girl's pastor said. \"She ran out of the school building covered from head to toe with blood and the first thing she said to her mom was,\"Mommy,I'm OK but all my friends are dead\" Pastor Jim Solomon told ABC News' Lara Spencer this weekend \"Somehow,at that moment, by God's grace,she was able to act as she was already dead.\"he said. The girl, a 6-year-old whose name is not being announced for privacy reasons,was the first student to appear from the lockdown at Sandy Hook,Solomon said.He said the young girl described the shooter to her mom in a way that only a young child can. \"Well, she saw someone who she felt was angry and someone she felt was very mad,\"Solomon said. \"I think it's impossible without the help of God. She has wisdom beyond her years, for sure'' Of the 20 children killed on Friday in the Newtown,Conn., school, eight were boys and l2 were girls Six staff members,all female, were also killed. The gunman,whose mother was also killed by him before he went to the schoo1 classrooms, was found dead at the present spot. \"The mom told me--and I thought this was very insightful --that she was suffering from what she felt was survivor's guilt because so many of her friends no longer have their children but she has hers,\" Solomon said how the girl's mother and father are handling the trauma .\"I don't know whether l would have the type of faith that they have if the same thing happened to me.\" \n Answer: She pretended to be dead",
            "output": [
                "How did the girl manage to avoid being shot?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f7d1e772afdc490286ca27284a631581",
            "input": "Article: You are invited to join PTPI (People to People International)'s President and CEO, Mary Jean Eisenhower, inprefix = st1 /America's Capitol for the2009 Global Youth Conference!  In D.C., you will spend four exciting days exploring into this year's theme, \"Global Sustainability:  It's All Connected!\"  Come to the GYC to learn how you can work together with friends from around the world to create a better, brighter and greener future! 250 students will stay in the Hyatt Crystal City Hotel in Arlington,Virginiafrom November 11-15, 2009 for this eye-opening conference. We hope that you will join us in exploring PTPI's mission through international understanding, education, leadership and humanitarianism! Highlights of this event will include: * A key-note address presented by PTPI's President and CEO, Mary Jean Eisenhower! * An interactive student group, featuring your peers from across the globe! * Take an active part in sustainingWashington,D.C.through a service project benefiting the    Anacostia Watershed! * A unique tour of Washington,D.C.-- we promise that you have never seen D.C. this way before! * An opportunity to reunite with old friends and make new ones from around the World! Application Successful applicants aged 13-18 who will be enrolled in a middle school, high school or home school during the time of the conference will be accepted  _ .       We urge students to APPLY ON-LINE TODAY, as applications will likely exceed available space. Upon acceptance into the Global Youth Conference, you will receive a confirmation   notice and other important information via e-mail. If you have any questions regarding the application process, please contact People to People International: youthconference@ptpi.org \n Answer: A student who sends the application on Nov. 17.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following students is most likely to be able to attend the GYC?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f809eed97bf24567943f947f778ddeaa",
            "input": "Article: In 2003, Bethany Hamilton,13, lost her left arm to a shark attack while surfing off Kauai, Hawaii. A new film ,Soul Surfer, is based on the story of how she overcame that to achieve her dream of becoming a professional athlete. Growing up on the \"garden isle\" of Kauai, Hamilton spent every minute she could riding the waves. She was on the verge of   becoming a top competitor in professional surfing. But while she was practicing at an isolated cove  ,a four-meter-long tiger shark ripped off her left arm. Though her life was saved, nobody could imagine she would ever get back on a surfboard again. In a true test of her faith and by _ will power, Bethany did get back up on a surfboard only a month after the attack. Six months later, she was competing again. Bethany Hamilton won her first amateur surfing championship just two years after she lost her arm. She also established the \"Friends of Bethany,\" a non---profit foundation dedicated to supporting sharks attack victims. It's a story told in her autobiography, which is the basis for the film that stars teenager Anna Sophia Robb. \"I knew Bethany's story, of course, but I thought 'What an incredible role' ,\"explains Robb. \"I was so fascinated by all of the challenges. What would it be like to have your arm taken and what would go through your head and how would your faith be challenged?\" The filmmakers used special effects to digitally remove Robb' s arm .However ,no tricks were necessary for the surfing scenes because Hamilton herself did the breathtaking wave riding. Now 21, Hamilton says she hopes audiences find inspiration in the description of the sport she loves. \"Not a lot of people know that much about surfing, so I hope they're educated about it,\" Hamilton says. \"And most of all if people are going through a hard time, they could be encouraged and find inspiration to push through those hard times and see that, in my case ,so much good has come out of it.\" \n Answer: Hamilton established the \"Friends of Bethany\" to help shark attack victims.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?."
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-24324495ea89401eab1ab25f5c470144",
            "input": "Article: According to the Ministry of Health, 260 million Chinese people have chronic diseases, and 85 percent of all deaths in China are caused by such diseases. Among them, cardiovascular disease has bothered more people than any other kind of chronic disease. According to the WHO(World Health Organization), salt consumption , one of the key causes of high blood pressure that can lead to cardiovascular disease, is much higher in China than in other countries. Douglas Bettcher, the director of the WHO's Tobacco Free Initiative, says, \"The average Chinese person consumes about 12 to 14 grams (of salt) per day, while the suggestion of the WHO is consumption of less than 5 grams per day. High salt consumption is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and high pressure in China. Changing the way that food is prepared could reduce salt consumption in China. Another major risk factor in China is smoking. Dr Michael O'Leary, a representative of the WHO, says, \"We know already that one million deaths in China are related to smoking, This is an enormous number. It means that we are seeing nearly 3000 deaths a day in China, or two deaths every minute, related to smoking. According to O'Leary, about 26 percent of men who die from smoking-related diseases in China die before the age of 60. People who can still contribute a great deal, in other words, are dying too young. China has tried to ban smoking , but more efforts are needed. More than half of chronic diseases are preventable by changing lifestyles and reducing risks. The four key risk factors are: smoking, diets high in fats, salt and sugar, environments that prevent physical activities, and alcohol consumption. These are the areas on which efforts to make changes need to concentrate. \n Answer: The amount of salt consumed",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is more in China than in other countries?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa896c488d254a0d97cb8d3b79b91561",
            "input": "Article: If you haven't heard of the expression, you must have been living _ for the past year, because \"the world is big, and I owe it a visit\" was all over the Internet last year. This expression was chosen as one of 2015's \"popular cyber phrases\" in China. When a year comes to an end, many institutions, including the National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center, People's Daily Online and CCTV, put together their lists of the Internet's most used words and phrases. Most of the selected words and phrases may seem funny and playful, but they can show lifestyle changes. The term \"duoshoudang\" meaning shopping addicts is a good example. The past year saw record-high online shopping sales in China, the world's largest e-commerce market. In fact, according to Xinhua, e-commerce   is \"a new engine\" for China's economic development. Meanwhile, although phrases like \"xiasibaobaole\" meaning \"you scared the pants off me\"may be a fun expression, they reflect the desire for attention now that social networking sites and apps such as weibo and WeChat have become part of people's lives. \"People now have a need to express emotion in bite-size, 140-character bits,\" wrote The New York Times. Here, Teens has picked some phrases from last year's popular \"cyber words\" lists. Did you use them often? The world is big, and I owe it a visit. Seeing more of the world has become a hot topic for Chinese people in recent years. But never before had someone used it as an excuse to quit a job until Gu Shaoqiang did. The 35-year-old middle school teacher in Henan province struck a chord with   the nation by posting her 10-word resignation letter: \"The world is big, and I owe it a visit.\" The letter's simplicity, honesty and bravery are what made it one of 2015's top catchphrases  , wrote Zhang Shixuan, a commentator for People's Daily. A pretty face can feed you, yet you choose to make a living off your talent. Comedian Jia Ling is well known for her funny performances as well as her plump figure. So it came as a great surprise when a photo of her surfaced online, showing how slim and pretty she was in her younger years. In response, true to her humorous nature, Jia wrote this on Sina Weibo: \"My story shows that I could totally have lived on my pretty face, yet I chose to rely on my talent.\" Since then, the words have become popular when describing good-looking people who are still hardworking. Other popular \"cyber words\" include \"it's your charm that matters\", \"important things should be stressed three times\", \"makers\"  , \"memeda\", a phrase to show cuteness and affection and \"xiaoxianrou\" referring to young and pretty men. \n Answer: It is not mentioned in the passage.",
            "output": [
                "Which is the most popular network buzzword of 2015?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5d4d50fc0da9454fa57167cb55498362",
            "input": "Article: If you see a person carelessly throw a cigarette to the ground, what are you likely to think? If you hate people throwing things on the ground, you might think, \"That person shouldn't litter.\" If you are a smoker, you might think, \"I would sure like a cigarette right now.\" Most likely, though, you are not thinking, \"That unused cigarette butt could be used to make something amazing!\" That is, unless you are a creative scientist. If you are, you may see potential--a possibility--where others simply see trash . That is just what has happened in South Korea. The spirit of invention can hit at the strangest times and in the most unusual places. In South Korea, it happened near a trash can. Kin Gil-Pyo is with  the Seoul National University. He says he saw people  throwing away cigarette butts, which got him thinking. He began wondering if something useful could be made from them. He and other researchers found a way to convert cigarette butts into materials required for high-performance batteries. Kim Gil-Pyo says they looked closely at used cigarette filters , the parts of cigarettes smokers put into their mouths. Filters are made of a material called \"cellulose acetate .\" Mr. Kim explains that cellulose acetate can be made into another material: carbon. The pieces of cellulose acetate, known as fibers, are changed through a one-step burning process. After this, they are turned into an energy storage material. But why use carbon? Carbon has many qualities that seem  to make it the perfect material. Carbon has a high surface area. It conducts electricity well. It also stays stable, unlikely to change, for a long time. And carbon does not cost a lot. All these qualities make it the most popular material for making super-capacitors . Super-capacitors are good at storing energy. They have high-power mass, or density . They require only a short time for recharging. And they have a long lifecycle. Super-capacitors are used in products such as laptop computers and cell phones. They are also used in industrial energy converters, like wind turbine machines. Combining carbon and super-capacitors seems like a perfect marriage. Kim Gil-Pyo tells the Reuters News Agency that cigarette butts could affect the economy is a huge way. They could prove to be a low-cost source of carbon material. They are so cheap that smokers throw them to the ground. And you don't get much cheaper than that. \n Answer: That all depends.",
            "output": [
                "What may people think seeing a person throw a cigarette to the ground?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e016c737153944bbb48b864976fe2b42",
            "input": "Article: Over the last 30 years, Bangkok, once a small fishing village, has transformed into a rich, concrete, high-rise city that it is today. The spreading metropolis and its population of 12 million now produces 35 per cent of Thailand's economic wealth. As a magnet for foreign companies, Bangkok attracts many overseas managers and business people from different fields, including tourism, automobiles and electronics. The city's population of foreigners is in the high hundreds of thousands, with tens of thousands of Japanese, Chinese and western employees working alongside hundreds of thousands of Burmese who mostly do unskilled jobs shunned by Thais. For those used to the good life, the variety and quality of the city's food is a key attraction, says one US manager, before listing many of his favourite Italian, Mexican and, of course, Thai restaurants. Most offer quality meals for less than the cost of a takeaway sandwich in London. Great choice and value can be found in Bangkok's other attractions, too. For overseas business people who enjoy shopping in luxury and air-conditioned comfort, the city has hundreds of modern shopping malls. Some foreigners, however, prefer the charms of Chatuchak Market, where anything can be bought at a good price by the skilled bargainer. When the time comes to talk business many overseas business people prefer to move out of the markets and onto the golf course. Thailand has thousands of courses, which can provide a welcome break from the busy and noisy city life. But most business people go to the golf course because it's the perfect place to discuss the next big deal. Because of the fast-paced life some foreign business people see Bangkok as a place to stay for the short term, rather than a lifetime. Australian computer software designer Sarah Huang is seven months pregnant but still working full-time in her Bangkok office. She says the city is \"definitely a place I want to stay for the next five, ten years\". Nannies and home help are affordable, but high fees for quality secondary education have convinced Ms. Huang to return to Australia when her child reaches high school age. \n Answer: It is a good place in which to discuss business matters.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main attraction of golf for business people according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8ac704feb99c454ebd71b572c72e426c",
            "input": "Article: Since we started offering China private tour packages on North-America market in 2006, CTSI has enjoyed great reputation. Whether you design your tour route or choose one of our pre-designed packages, we will be able to provide a private tour for you.You will be served by professional bilingual   personal guide, experienced bus driver and private air-conditioned van. Features Group organizer travels free, and even the Chinese visa is free. If you organize a group of 15 people or more with the same route, we will offer you, the organizer, a free trip, regardless of whether you design your own route or choose one of our tour packages.This is our way of showing gratitude to you as a tour organizer.We even give you a free Chinese Visa.Is that amazing? As an organizer, your main job is to find tour members.Once the tour route and travel arrangements are confirmed, your task as an organizer is completed and you get ready to enjoy the free trip. Pick your favorite Airlines Airfares are a big determining factor of the tour price.CTSI, with strong ties with almost all the airlines that fly between North America and Asia, offers the best price on flight tickets to China and meets various needs of customers. If you are seeking low-priced tickets to China, you can choose a flight with a layover ,such as Korean Air, Air Canada, and Cathay Pacific. Chinese Airlines usually offer huge discount on China domestic flights if you purchase both the international and China domestic parts together.[:,,Z,X,X,K] If you wish to save on flying time, we would recommend direct flight provided by America Airlines and United Airlines. Flexibility Sightseeing Spots: you can change or cancel, even add some sightseeing spots when you are on the tour. Timing: you set up the departure and return time of the day, as well as the sightseeing time in specific sightseeing spots. Trip cancellation: some member may cancel the trip in last minute, and huge fines may occur.Do not worry, if you can find someone to replace you, we save you more than 80% of the fines. \n Answer: He should organize at least 15 tourists with the same route.",
            "output": [
                "What should one do if he wants to enjoy a free trip?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-07d194fdc7804851830bbe97dfaa1f3f",
            "input": "Article: Food prices have risen sharply over the past few years. The good news is that the rate of increase has slowed. The bad news is that prices will not go down anytime soon. Also,the rate of global agricultural production is slowing. Yet it needs to increase 60% over the next 40 years to feed a growing world population. These are among the findings from the OECDFAO(the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development & the Food and Agriculture Organization)Agricultural Outlook 2012-2021. FAO DirectorGeneral Jose Graziano da Silva spoke at a news conference in Rome when the report was released. Mr.Da Silva said that,not surprisingly,the world's poorest people will feel the greatest effects of higher prices. \"For the millions and millions of extremely poor people, the effects of high food prices are clear--they might have to change their diets,usually to ones with poorer nutrition quality, \"he said. In middleincome countries, people are gaining weight as they eat fewer fruits and vegetables and more of the cheaper but less nutritious foods. The report also shows that farmers in poorer countries will be leading efforts to feed an expected 9,000,000,000 people by 2050.The outlook predicts that farmers in Latin America,the Caribbean and subSaharan Africa will drive agricultural production in the future. Angel Gurria,SecretaryGeneral of the OECD,said:\"We can feed 9,000,000,000 people by 2050 on this planet. But we have to organize ourselves better.\" But there are plenty of challenges.Onefourth of all agricultural land is damaged. Many countries face water shortages .And experts believe climate change is driving increasingly unusual weather patterns. The report says farmers need to use more growing methods that can't cause damage to the environment.At the same time,it says governments should end economically harmful supports and spend more money to increase agricultural production.Mr.Gurria says rich and poor nations need to treat agriculture more like a business. \"In many cases,agriculture is related in people's minds to the poorest. It's related to aid. It's related to very poor living conditions,etc. We have got to shake that image away,\"he said. \n Answer: They eat less nutritious foods.",
            "output": [
                "Why are people gaining weight in countries with average incomes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e0e58a5fd034c3aa4ce70a86c6bddc9",
            "input": "Article: The most common problem that worries all of us today is the fear of insecurity. _ With every new turn of events our self-confidence takes a blow. _  There are several reasons that affect a person's self-confidence. The most important reason is lack of success. Not being able to succeed affects one's self-confidence greatly. This is when one begins to doubt his own ability. In many cases one's self-confidence is low when he feels rejected by society. For example, a person who loses his job _ other people for fear of being questioned about his work. However, this isn't right at all. One needs to think along positive lines in spite of failures. After all it is your life and you have every right to live your life as you wish. The challenge lies in not allowing your self-confidence to decrease. _ When success doesn't come to you, you should not allow your self-belief to be affected. Always keep in mind that success is sure to come in time. So, there is nothing wrong with your ability. Whenever lack of success causes you to doubt your ability, don't forget to remind yourself that quick success does not last long. Also remember not to compare yourself to others. These tips will do a world of good to your confidence. In order to be self-confident, you need to have a lifestyle that is right for you. Create one and live a life as you want to. Leave others to themselves. \n Answer: The severe competition in life.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, what causes people to fear the unknown?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7baed2248d944a448a11523e50bbcaeb",
            "input": "Article: Just about every week now, we read a newspaper headline about the genetic basis for breast cancer, intelligence, orobesity. Such news stories may lead us to believe our lives are being _ by genetic discoveries. We may be close to changing and getting rid of mental illness, for example and identify the causes of crime,personality, and other basichuman weaknesses. But these hopes, it turns out, are based on faulty assumptions about genes and behavior.  In many cases, people are motivated to accept research claims by the hope of finding solutions for frightening problems, like breast cancer. Accepting genetic causes for their characteristics can relieve guilt about behavior they want to change but can't. Efforts made to fight against them, at growing expense, have made little or no visible progress. The public wants to hear that science can help. Meanwhile, genetic claims are being made for many ordinary and abnormal behaviors, from addictiontoshynessand even to political views anddivorce. If who we are is determined from pregnancy, then our efforts to change or to influence our children may be useless. There may also be no basis for insisting that people behave themselves and obey laws. Thus, the revolution in thinking about genes has great consequences for how we view ourselves as human beings. Most claims linking emotional disorders and behaviors to genes are statistical in nature. The research finds are insufficient for deciding that alcoholism or manic-depression   is inherited. In the late 1980s, genes for manic-depression were identified by teamsof geneticists. The claims have now been definitively proved wrong. Genetic data on the major mental illnesses make it clear that they can't be reduced to purely genetic causes. According to Myrna Weissman, Ph.D., Americans born before 1905 had a 1 percent rate of depression by age 75. Among Americans born a half century later, 6 percent become depressed by age 24! Similarly, while the average age at which manic-depression first appears was 32 in the mid 1960s, its average beginning today is 19. Only social factors can produce such large shifts in rate and age of beginning of mental disorders in a few decades. Scientists actively debate whether disorders like alcoholismare more or less biologically driven. If they are mainly biological--rather than psychological, social, and cultural--then there may be a genetic basis for them. In 1990,Kenneth Blum, Ph.D., of the University of Texas, and Ernest Noble, M.D., of the University of California, Los Angeles, found a certain gene in 70 percent of a group of alcoholics, but in only 20 percent of a non-alcoholic group. But in 1993 Joel Gelernter, M.D., of Yale and his colleagues surveyed all the studies that examined this gene and alcoholism. Different from Blum andNoble'sresearch, the results were that 18 percent of non-alcoholics, 18 percent of problem drinkers, and 18 percent of severe alcoholics all had the gene. As for Blum and Noble's work, a more reasonable model is that genes may affect how people experience alcohol. Perhaps some people's nerves are more activated by alcohol. But although genes can influence reactions to alcohol, they cannot explain why some people continue drinking to the point of destroying their lives. Therefore, claims that our genes cause our problems, our misbehavior, even our personalities are more a mirror of our culture's attitudes than a window for human understanding and change. \n Answer: Some people are happy to accept genetic causes for their behavior.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is conveyed in this article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f1cf4b8104164e5389bd84b9d6587ca6",
            "input": "Article: Howard Dill is a giant among giant pumpkin  growers. He grew world champion pumpkins for four years running,from 1979 to 1982, and missed winning the fifth year by only 5 pounds. Today, his Dill Atlantic Giant seeds are sold worldwide to more than 50 seed companies. The pumpkins grown from his Dill Atlantic Giant seeds commonly weigh in at over 1,000 pounds. \"I don't have any training in genetics ; it was all trial and error,\" Dill says. He got his love of pumpkins from his father and has enjoyed growing them for years. Dill still grows giant pumpkins, but not for competition. In the fall, visitors come to enjoy the pumpkins on his 90-acre farm in Nova Scotia, Canada. He plants ten acres of pumpkins for Halloween and two acres of giant pumpkins. One of giant pumpkins was recently baked into 442 pumpkin pies and sold at $5 each for charity. It you want to try growing a giant pumpkin, Dill recommends starting with a soil test and then adding fertilizer  as needed. Plant the giant pumpkin seed. A giant pumpkin can gain 15 to 20 pounds a day, so careful watering--every day or two--is necessary. You should wait about 130 days until the pumpkin matures and then you can harvest it. Dill's favorite pumpkin set the Guinness Book record in 1981. It weighted 493.5 pounds. \"I've grown them larger since, but that one meant a lot,\" he remembers. \"I never would have imagined ten years ago that there would be a 1,000-pounder, but there are many of them now,\" says Dill. The 2006 world record holder is Larry Checkon of Pennsylvania. He grew a 1,469 pounder. Dill says, \"These world champions are grown from my seeds, so I feel like a winner right along with them.\" \n Answer: It was 5 pounds heavier than Dill's biggest one that year.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the world champion pumpkin of 1983?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cfb55f1bcda6411fab4becedf5b7d84a",
            "input": "Article: A 44-year-old Swedish man, Peter Skyllberg, was found in a car buried under snow, at the end of a forest track more than 1 km from a main road in northern Sweden. He survived for two months without food by eating handfuls of snow. But how long can people go without food? Skyllberg had been inside the car since 19 December, 2011. Experts believe it's possible for the human body to survive without food for up to two months. Last year, a 56-year-old woman from British Columbia survived nearly 50 days in the Nevada wilderness on sweets and water after being stranded in the mountains while her husband went in search of help. In fact there're many causes that can influence a person's ability to survive, such as the way the body's metabolism  slows down to keep energy. When the body stops getting food, it has to live on the stored sugars. When this runs out, fat is then turned into the second energy supply. After the fat runs out, the body must take recycled protein from the system and finally from the muscles. But this is very expensive fuel for the body. It's like being in a cold house and burning furniture instead of firewood. However, the muscle loss slows the body's work, causing it to burn calories at a slower rate. Being trapped into a small space would have helped Skyllberg keep precious calories. The car was covered in snow, creating what some experts have described as an \"igloo effect\" on the car. A person's mental state can play a key role in how long they survive, according to Stephen Joseph, a professor at the University of Nottingham. \"In dangerous situations survival depends on personalities. Some might lose hope, while others are more hopeful.\" says Joseph. \"Hope is probably a big key to this.\" \n Answer: stored sugars-fat-recycled protein",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following shows the right order of human body getting energy when there is no food?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-060ec291dcd74a2b95eedf36fcbf2a60",
            "input": "Article: The story I am going to tell you happened about three years ago when I started to learn how to drive. At first, I was very frightened, and I thought I could never learn how to drive a car. Driving a car frightened me because in my home country women never drive, but in the United States every woman has to know how to drive. My husband paid an to teach me how to drive. After that, my husband practiced with me for a long time. My husband always told me that I had to learn. It was important to me and my family. However, I couldn't get my license right away. I failed my driving test two times. After practicing for a long time, I decided to go for my third driving test. I had failed my first test because I was very nervous. Everybody encouraged me to continue practicing. Three weeks later, I decided to try it again, but I failed again. After that, I was very embarrassed , and I said I couldn't get it, so I stopped practicing for a while. Not knowing how to drive was bad because I couldn't do anything. I had two kids, my husband works, and I have to take care of everything. Driving was so necessary that I decided to try it again. And finally, that time, I passed the test. Now I have my license. I know how to drive, and it has changed my life in some important ways. Now I'm driving to the college, learning English and hoping I will get a good job in the future. \n Answer: Because her husband didn't know how to teach her.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author think that she could never learn how to drive a car?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b305cd45c6424e6495cb41466168432c",
            "input": "Article: One of the most important meals of the day is breakfast. In order for children to build strong bodies and for adults to keep well, they should always eat a good breakfast. Eating the right food is necessary for good health. You should eat different kinds of food in order to keep a good health. It is understood that a good breakfast may contain eggs, bread, milk, and so on. By eating breakfast every morning, you can feel alive and active in the morning's work. After a good breakfast you can step out into the morning air and feel wonderful. Anybody can feel better by eating a good breakfast. Many fathers and mothers are unable to get their children to eat breakfast. There are many reasons for children not to eat breakfast. One reason could be that they do not have a good example. It could be that the father and mother do not eat breakfast. What ever the reasons are for children not to eat breakfast, it can be bad for their health. Without breakfast children may not grow as fast as they should and may not study and play as well in school in the morning as they could. They can have more illnesses, and, when they are ill, it may take them longer to be in good health again than it takes children with good health habits. Good eating habits mean eating breakfast. Unless you eat breakfast, you do not eat a full meal from dinner the night before until lunch the next day. This is quite a long time for the body to go without food. Food is the source of power for the body. Unless the body gets food, it cannot keep operating at top speed. Without food the body will slow down. Nobody will live without food. It is necessary to start the day full of power. So you must eat breakfast so that you can keep in good health and do your best each morning. \n Answer: Have a good breakfast.",
            "output": [
                "What should adults do in order to keep good health?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b09a73b3019942048b86cd1303d5c507",
            "input": "Article: I entered college in China in 1981. Many things seemed to remain the same. For many things are dominated by one thing: the national entrance examination to get into college. In my year, about 4% high school students went to college. Now the number is 22%, as compared to 40% in the US. The significant increase in the entrance rate doesn't seem to have relieved the anxiety. As a parent to a freshman college student, I can prove that junior and senior years in high school are not much fun even for students in the US. Once a country has vastly increased the rate of college entrance, students will still want to get into \"better\" colleges. _ , no matter where you are. The NYT Magazine article also mentioned the Soviet-style  over-specialized  education in Chinese colleges. My class in college had maybe 60 students specialized in compressors, another 60 students specialized in refrigeration, and yet another 60 students specialized in welding . I was among the 60 specialized in mechanics. I cannot recall the numbers exactly, but you get the picture. It really wasn't as terrible as it sounds. In order to specialize in mechanics, we had to study math, physics and chemistry. We studied electrical circuits, alloy treatment, mechanical drawing, Fortran. We even had a continuous stream of humanity courses: history of communist party, political economics... I'm not sure I enjoyed all the courses, but I cannot claim that these courses damaged my brain, either. I remember some of the humanity courses required writing, which turned out to be a useful skill. As a consequence of specialization, we did learn a lot of mechanics. By the end of college, we had courses on analytical mechanics, strength of materials. I often feel sorry for American students in my undergraduate class, knowing that strength of materials will be their first and last course in the mechanics of materials. So many beautiful sights unseen! But they also seem to turn out to be OK. A liberal and superficial eduction doesn't damage their brains, either. All this high level debate about education makes me dizzy, and turns me off. So far as I can tell, both systems of eduction work fine, and have their own limitations. The bottom line is that the quantity of knowledge is too large to be crammed into 4 years, and you'd have to make choices, making it either narrow or shallow or perhaps both. You'll just have to be prepared to engage yourself in life-long learning. \n Answer: Students want to receive further education after college.",
            "output": [
                "why doesn't the rising entrance rate seem to have relieved people's anxiety?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2abc5cd4d2f94bf495af067c0b15f41b",
            "input": "Article: Earth Day has come and gone, but it's a fact of daily life that 1.6 billion people around would have no electricity in their homes. Instead, most of them use wood, coal or even animal waste to heat and cook in their homes ,which also gives off greenhouse gases, causing indoor air pollution that kills 1.6million people a year, most of whom are children and women. It's not expected to improve much, and in Africa it's becoming worse now. By 2030, when the Earth's population will be likely to top 8billion, 1.3 billion people will still lack electricity. Of those, 700 million will be in Africa, and 490 million in South Asia. Ghana, in West Africa, most of the northern half of the country lives without lights. As a result, three out of four Ghanans in the north are without electricity to refrigerate with and to cook with, to study with and to start businesses with. Like most others around the world in the same situation, these Ghanans use traditional fuels( wood, coal, animal waste) to meet their cooking needs. What would electricity for everyone around the world cost? The International Energy Agency, which is made up of 28 member countries, figures it would run35 billion dollars a year from 2008 to 2030 to reach _ . The United Nations has been busy with the issue, organizing a meeting on April 28 hosted by Secretary-General Ban Kimoon. ' Energy services are very important formeeting basic human needs, reducing poverty, creating and getting together wealth and keeping advances in social development,\" He said in an announcement. \n Answer: 1.6 billion.",
            "output": [
                "How many people still lack electricity in the world now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5fd42422965a4c1db07c5e57876b8ff6",
            "input": "Article: Dear Mrs.Denner, Over the past five months, your husband has been causing quite a commotion  in our store. Our complaints  against Mr.Denner are listed below: July 2:Set all the alarm clocks in house-wares to go off at 5-minute intervals . July 7: Made a trail  of tomato juice on the floor leading to the women's restroom. August 4: Took a bag of _ from the candy shelf and handed out to the passing children to eat. September 14:Moved a \"CAUTION--WET FLOOR\" sign to a carpeted area. September 15: Set up a tent in the camping department and told other shoppers he'd invite them in if they would bring pillows and blankets from the bedding department. September 23:When a clerk asked if they could help him ,he began crying and screamed,\"Why can't you people just leave me alone?\" October 4: Looked right into the security camera and used it as a mirror while he picked his nose. November 10: While handling guns in the hunting department, he asked the clerk where the antidepressants were. December 3:Darted around the store while loudly humming the \"Mission Impossible\" theme. December 6:In the auto department, he practiced his \"Madonna look\" by using different sizes of funnels. December 18:Hid in a clothing rack  and when people looked through, yelled \"PICK ME!PICK ME!\" December 21:When an announcement came over the loud speaker, he assumed a fatal position and screamed \"OH NO!IT'S THOSE VOICES AGAIN!\" December 23:Went into a fitting room , shut the door, waited a while, and then yelled very loudly,\"Hey! There's no toilet paper in here!\" Our video surveillance cameras recorded all these. Never once did our reminding and warning work and therefore we are forced to ban him from the store. Regards, Wal-Mart \n Answer: Through the cameras of the market.",
            "output": [
                "How did the market get to know about Mr.Denner's strange behavior?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81c3e90cfe8440bd9b7e9574ef26e0fd",
            "input": "Article: Picture a typical MBA lecture theatre twenty years ago. In it the majority of students will have conformed to   the standard model of the time: male, middle class and Western. Walk into a class today, however, and you'll get a completely different impression. For a start, you will now see plenty more women--the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, for example, boasts that 40% of its new enrolment is female. You will also see a wide range of ethnic groups and nationals of practically every country. It might be tempting, therefore, to think that the old barriers have been broken down and equal opportunity achieved. But, increasingly, this apparent diversity   is becoming a mask for a new type of conformity. Behind the differences in sex, skin tones and mother tongues, there are common attitudes, expectations and ambitions which risk creating a set of clones among the business leaders of the future. Diversity, it seems, has not helped to address fundamental weaknesses in business leadership. So what can be done to create more effective managers of the commercial world? According to Valerie Gauthier, associate dean at HEC Paris, the key lies in the process by which MBA programmes recruit   their students. At the moment candidates are selected on a fairly narrow set of criteria such as prior   academic and career performance, and analytical and problem solving abilities. This is then coupled to a school's picture of what a diverse class should look like, with the result that passport, ethnic origin and sex can all become influencing factors. But schools rarely dig down to find out what really makes an applicant succeed, to create a class which also contains diversity of attitude and approach--arguably the only diversity that, in a business context, really matters. Professor Gauthier believes schools should not just be selecting candidates from traditional sectors such as banking, consultancy and industry. They should also be seeking individuals who have backgrounds in areas such as political science, the creative arts, history or philosophy, which will allow them to put business decisions into a wider context. Indeed, there does seem to be a demand for the more rounded leaders such diversity might create. A study by Mannaz, a leadership development company, suggests that, while the bully-boy chief executive of old may not have been eradicated   completely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management--at least in America and Europe. Perhaps most significant, according to Mannaz, is the increasing interest large companies have in more collaborative   management models, such as those prevalent   in Scandinavia, which seek to integrate the hard and soft aspects of leadership and encourage delegated responsibility and accountability. \n Answer: Greater diversity.",
            "output": [
                "What characterizes the business school student population of today?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb378a5f2a4e4e28ad083659f0a0f555",
            "input": "Article: Having driven almost thirty hours, I decided to stay in South Carolina for a few days. The next morning, I purchased a three-day fishing license and bait   before heading to the lake. Opening my trunk, I carefully took out my fishing gear  , put it on the lake's edge, baited up and began to fish. \"Good morning,\" said someone, walking up from behind me. Turning around, I saw a game warden   with a clip-board. \"Good morning,\" I said, nodding my head. \"Catch any fish?\" he asked. \"No sir, just relaxing and killing time.\" \"Can I see your fishing license?\" I handed him the license I had purchased at the bait shop. \"Can I see your driver's license, too?\" he requested. \"I see the name on the driver's license is spelled Kiser and the name on the fishing license is Kaiser,\" said the warden. \"The gentleman at the bait shop must have written it wrong,\" I told him. \"Well, I'm afraid I'll have to write you up for fishing with an invalid license and take away your fishing gear.\" \"You've got to be kidding,\" I responded, with a surprised look on my face. Sure enough I was written up and my fishing gear taken away. I was told that I would have to pay a fine and that my stuff would be sold at auction . I stood there almost in tears as he drove away. Those rods and reels were very special to me. I had used them over twenty years, fishing with my friends, who were now all dead. After returning home in Georgia, I telephoned South Carolina trying to explain the situation, but no one would listen. I was told that the Department of Fish and Game had a \"zero tolerance\" for fishing and hunting violations. Finally, in tears I paid the fine and gave up the fight. Nine months later, I received a letter. I had no idea who it was from as there was no return address. On a plain piece of notebook paper was written \"Auction for the Department of Fish and Game held this Saturday at 11:00 am.\" On Saturday, at six in the morning I headed to South Carolina. By ten o'clock I had found the auction. There were numerous boats and piles upon piles of fishing equipment. All at once, there it was--my wonderful stuff all thrown in a pile as if it was worth nothing. As the auction began I took my seat. In my wallet was twenty-seven dollars. For more than an hour I waited for my property to be brought to the auction block. \"We have three rods and reels here. I guess we will sell this as a unit,\" said the auctioneer. \"50 dollars,\" yelled someone in the crowd. \"51 dollars,\" yelled another man. I rose from my seat and walked out of the auction. \"66 dollars,\" I heard as the bidding continued. \"100 dollars,\" came another bid. The auction became silent. \"100 dollars once, 100 dollars twice, 100 dollars three times. Sold for 100 dollars,\" went the auctioneer. I walked to my truck, got in and just sat there. Suddenly I heard something hit the side of my truck. Turning around, I saw the back of a man putting my three rods and reels into my truck. It was the same game warden who wrote me the ticket almost a year ago! As I got out of the truck he stuck out his hand and said, \"I wasn't wrong. _ \" I shook his hand, thanked him and drove away. I cried as I crossed the South Carolina Georgia state line. \n Answer: The game warden.",
            "output": [
                "Who wrote a letter to the writer telling him about the auction?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-682a30d9bc794967a143960da11ac635",
            "input": "Article: There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care.To water his flowers,he used two buckets.One was a shiny and new bucket.The other was a very old and _ one,which had seen many years of service,but was now past its best. Every morning, the gardener would fill up the two buckets.Then he would carry them along the path,one on each side,to the flowerbeds.The new bucket was very proud of itself.It could carry a full bucket of water without a single drop spilled .The old bucket felt very ashamed because of its holes:before it reached the flowerbeds,much water had leaked along the path. Sometimes the new bucket would say,\"See how capable I am ! How good it is that the gardener has me to water the flowers every day ! I don't know why he still bothers with you.What a waste of space you are !\" And all that the old bucket could say was,\"I know I'm not very useful,but I can only do my best.I'm happy that the gardener still finds a little bit of use in me,at least. \" One day,the gardener heard that kind of conversation.After watering the flowers as usual,he said,\"You both have done your work very well.Now I am going to carry you back.I want you to look carefully along the path.\" Then the two buckets did so.All along the path,they noticed,on the side where the new bucket was carried,there was just bare earth;on the other side where the old bucket was carried,there was a joyous row of wild flowers,leading all the way to the garden. \n Answer: His leaking.",
            "output": [
                "What was the old bucket ashamed of ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6d9aee7c5a5240a7a5858aa682526a41",
            "input": "Article: Carbon monoxide  poisoning kills and injures many people and animals around the world. The gas has been a problem since people first began burning fuels to cook food or to create heat. It is a problem in all parts of the world that experience cold weather. Carbon monoxide is called the silent killer because people do not know it is in the air. The gas has no color1. It has no taste. It has no smell. It does not cause burning eyes. And it does not cause people to cough. But it is very deadly. It robs the body of its ability to use oxygen. Carbon monoxide decreases the ability of the blood to carry oxygen to body tissues. It does this by linking with the blood. When the gas links with the blood, the blood is no longer able to carry oxygen to the tissues that need it. Damage to the body can begin very quickly from large amounts of carbon monoxide. How quickly this happens depends on the length of time a person is breathing the gas and the amount of the gas he or she breathes in.  Carbon monoxide poisoning has warning signs. But people have to be awake to recognize them. Small amounts of the gas will cause a person's head to hurt. He or she may begin to feel tired. The person may feel sick. The room may appear to be turning around. The person may have trouble thinking clearly. People develop severe head pain as the amount of gas continues to enter their blood. They will begin to feel very tired and sleepy. They may have terrible stomach pains. Medical experts say carbon monoxide affects people differently. For example, a small child will experience health problems or die much quicker than an adult will. The general health of the person or his or her age can also be important. An older adult with health problems may suffer the effects of carbon monoxide more quickly than a younger person with no health problems. People with heart disease may suffer chest pains. They may begin to have trouble breathing. \n Answer: Because it is not easily noticed.",
            "output": [
                "Why is carbon monoxide called the silent killer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad9bee973caf415d8a3f99363f0a2a6e",
            "input": "Article: It's summer movie time again. Check out our list of four films. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Release Date: November 4 Story: It's the summer before Harry Potter's third year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. A dangerous murderer, Sirius Black, has escaped from the Wizards' Prison. And he was ordered to kill Harry Potter. Around the World in 80 Days Release Date: November 16 Story: This version of the classic novel set in 1872 focuses on Passepartout ( Hong Kong actor Jackie Chan), a Chinese thief who seeks refuge   with a strange London adventurer, Phileas Fogg. Passepartout uses his martial art skills to defend Fogg from danger as he travels around the world in 80 days. Spider-Man 2 Release Date: November 30 Story: Peter Parker is still coming to accept his dual identity   as the crime superhero Spider-Man. He wants to reveal his secret identity to Mary Jane, meanwhile, his Aunt May is in trouble. This is Dr Otto Octavius who has appeared to bring her a lot of troubles. King Arthur Release Date: November 7 Story: King Arthur is presented as a clever ruler who manages to unite all the knights in Britain. Under the guidance of Merlin and the beautiful, brave Guinevere, Arthur will struggle to realize his dreams. \n Answer: November 7.",
            "output": [
                "When can you see the film acted by Jackie Chan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b509a54956c8441093db14b1483020ef",
            "input": "Article: How difficult change is depends a lot on your attitude towards it and your resistance to it. Your attitude to change can make the whole transformation process much easier. Imagine change as a pair of shoes and this will help you understand change and how it works. I am sure that you have ever had a comfortable pair of shoes in your life. A pair of shoes is so comfortable that you really don't want to get rid of them. You know you need a new pair, and may even have them, but you don't want to wear them because you are comfortable with your current pair. Besides, the new pair may hurt your feet, give you blisters  or be awkward to wear to start with. So, you resist the new shoes. However, you know that this new pair would be much better for your feet, and after the initial discomfort they would probably be even more comfortable, yet you still resist. Do you know I'm doing this now? I'm wearing my comfortable shoes and they feel good. They have a hole in each heel, and the sole is starting to fall off, but I'm persisting in wearing them. This describes change exactly; change of our habits, change of our thought patterns. We stick with the old patterns because they are comfortable. Yet once we get over the initial pain of the transformation, the new pattern will be comfortable and feel good until the time comes when we need another new pair of shoes. \n Answer: They are more comfortable.",
            "output": [
                "Why do people prefer old shoes to new ones?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-45278650bea640f7af4ab296c1ed4e13",
            "input": "Article: Without plant, people could not live. We eat plants. We breathe the oxygen that plants produce. And we need plants for another reason: we need them for their beauty. Imagine a world with no plants. Imagine no flowers with their sweet smells, their beautiful colors and their lovely shapes. Imagine when the wind blows, not being able to hear the leaves in the trees or watch the branches sway from side to side. Everywhere people need the beauty of plants. That is why we have parks full of trees and flowers. That is why people always try to design houses with room for some grass and a garden. Do you talk to your plants? Do you give them love and attention? Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird, writers of a book called THE SECRET LIFE OF PLANTS, tell of an experiment in which two seeds were planted in different places. While the plants were growing, one plant was given love and hopeful ideas. The other plant was given only hopeless ideas. After six months, the loved plant was bigger. Under the earth it had more and longer roots; above the earth, it had a thicker stem   and more leaves. \n Answer: We need plants not only for food and oxygen but also for their beauty.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is right?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4fc4a9e139f4e30b396292bdf71326a",
            "input": "Article: Jiang Nan, a full-time mother in Beijing, keeps a dozen or so cloth bags at home, carefully selecting one or two before heading out to get groceries. \"Most of them were giveaways from advertising marketing campaigns, but others had been handed out in the street by various environmental protection organizations,\" she explained. Since June 2008 China has forbidden the production, sale and usage of plastic bags thinner than 0.025 millimeter  , and retailers   are not allowed to provide free plastic bags to their customers, no matter how thick they are. Many Chinese consumers like Jiang have learned to refuse plastic bags whenever possible in their shopping. \"A plastic bag may only cost a few jiao, but it's more about how bad they are for the environment,\" Jiang said. The plastic ban is for the most part well carried out in big cities, and has been obviously effective in reducing white waste. On the first anniversary of the plastic ban Global Village of Beijing, an NGO environmental organization, shows that during the year of the ban the consumption of plastic bags fell by about 40 billion pieces in chain supermarkets alone, saving more than 1.2 million tons of petrol. However, enforcement   shows rather less muscle in smaller cities, towns and countryside. In a remote town like Lichuan, the awareness of environmental protection is not as strong as that in big cities. Street vendors   worry that they are likely to lose customers if they charge them for plastic bags. Seeing no significance in the issue, local government often turn a blind eye to banned bag trade in the market. There are still those who don't have an interest in living green. Cui Lin, another Beijinger, often forgets to bring a cloth bag when shopping, and has to buy plastic bags. \"Anyway I think plastic bags are neater and cleaner, and I don't mind paying a couple more jiao,\" he shrugged. Mrs Yu, a vegetable vendor in Lichuan County, Jiangxi Province, recalled that before plastic bags became popular in the early 1990s, Chinese people always carried a bamboo basket when they visited the market. \"Plastic bags are more convenient,\" she comments, and her view might be that of the tens of millions of people in the nation who still _ plastic bags, paid or free. This is suggested by her trade where piles of plastic bags are still passed out every day. \n Answer: She made them herself.",
            "output": [
                "How did Jiang Nan get her cloth bags?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8c2907da5aa4397b95a75b31b745ef3",
            "input": "Article: An ATM that spits out cupcakes instead of cash is now filling a popular demand in the American market:late-night desire for freshly baked sweets. In six cities across the country, sugar addicts can now purchase a cupcake for $4.25 from an automatic machine 24 hours every day.The freshly baked goods are made by the California-based cupcake shop Sprinkles. The idea came to the company's co-founders Candace and Charles Nelson when Candace was pregnant with their first child. Candace thought it was ridiculous that she owned cupcake bakeries aad couldn't get a freshly baked treat at an unusual hour.That desire inspired the company's first cupcake ATM in Beverly Hills,Calif.in 2012.  Charles said each ATM serves about l,000 cupcakes per day.The machine is so popular that when it appeared in Manhattan, customers were lined up around the block to use _  Yet,inventing the first cupcake ATM was not as easy as convincing customers to use it.When the Nelsons started defigning the machine,they quickly realized nothing existed that could give a fully unbroken cupcake to a customer.The company had to partner with a European firm to develop the technology that could deliver a cupcake without dropping it several feet like a typical machine.After going through a seeond development cycle with the product, the ATMs can now satisfy tlle demand of growing customers and even make as many as four cupcakes at a time. In terms of the company, the-machine allows Sprinkles to do the impossible:increase hours of operation without raising costs.Now the company can sell cupcakes around the clock through the ATM without paying employees. Now the company is partnering with a Middle Eastern company to open 34 new locations abroad. \n Answer: To advise more customers to buy cupcakes on ATM.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2212a056af4c426db2d3a608ceebf396",
            "input": "Article: Water skiing is a sport with many social, economic and health benefits to society. It is unique in that it is a sport where able and disabled persons, and people as young as 5 years and as old as 80 years of age can participate alongside each other. It is a sport that involves more than one person, and is a wonderful family activity that gathers members together for a day of fun at a favorite waterway. Anyone who has put on water skis can attest to its health benefits--it is a sport that demands and develops strength, agility and endurance. The sport includes several disciplines  including slalom, tricks, cable, jump, ski racing, kneeboard, wakeboard, and barefoot, with each of these practiced for either recreational or competitive enjoyment. Safety Tips for Water-Skiers Don't take unnecessary risks while water-skiing. The following tips will help you safely enjoy this thrilling sport: ALWAYS have an observer in the boat. This is a legal requirement in many states. The boat driver cannot watch the skier and operate the boat safely at the same time. ALWAYS wear a Coast Guard approved Personal Flotation Device (PFD) designed for water skiing. Ski belts are NOT recommended. Your approved PFD will help keep you afloat. NEVER ski in rough water. High waves or a choppy sea will prevent the tow boat from maintaining a steady course and speed. NEVER ski after dark. It is dangerous AND illegal. Any boat traveling fast enough to tow a skier is traveling too fast to navigate safely at night. NEVER water-ski while under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Such activity is extremely dangerous because of the impairment to your judgment and ability to respond. A recent study conducted with expert skiers who were purposely drunk indicated that even their ability to ski was dramatically reduced. Use hand signals between the skier and observer. Agree before you start what each signal means so there is no confusion at a critical moment. \n Answer: All above.",
            "output": [
                "Who can accompany you to go water skiing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b19b1e4995ad42469f42dc88d7640638",
            "input": "Article: When Jeff Sparkman draws his cartoon superheroes with colored pencils, he often has to ask other people to tell him what color his masked men turned out to be because he's color-blind. Now, a new smart phone application (app) can help him figure out what colors he's using and how the picture looks to most everyone else. The DanKam app, available for iPhone and Android for $2.99, is an application that turns the vague colors that one percent of the population with color-blindness sees into the \"true\" colors as everyone else sees them. In America, an estimated 32 million color-blind Americans--95% are males--can soon have their life improved. \"DanKam takes the stream of data coming in through the phone's camera and changes the colors slightly so they fall within the range that people who are color-blind see,\"developer Dan Kaminsky told CNET. He came up with the idea after watching the 2009 film Star Trek with a color-blind friend. It was then that he got to know more about colorblindness like its varying types and degrees. A vast majority, for instance, have trouble seeing red or green due to a genetic defect . Blue-yellow colorblindness, however, is rarer and develops later in life because of aging, illness or head injuries, etc. He started experimenting with one of the most common representations of points in the RGB color model. What the DanKam app attempts to do is to clean up the color space of the image or video signal so that colors can be _ to those suffering from viewing problems. \"You can adjust the app to fit your needs. There is a range and not everyone who is color-blind sees things the same.\" Says Kaminsky. Sparkman, a copy editor at CNET, tried out the app and was pleased with the results. \"It would be useful for dressing for a job interview,\" he said. But using it for his art is \"the most practical application.\" It worked well on LED and other lights on electronic gadgets, which means Sparkman can now identify the power light on his computer display as green. \n Answer: It changes the colors so that color-blind people can see them.",
            "output": [
                "How does DanKam's app work?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e1c5deed7384986a2f2c8f28c96e6a6",
            "input": "Article: Redwood trees are the tallest plants on the earth,reaching heights of up to 100 meters.They are also known for their longevity,typically 500 to 1000 years,but sometimes more than 2000 years.A hundred million years ago,in the age of dinosaurs,redwoods were common in the forests of a much more moist and tropical North America.As the climate became drier and colder,they declined to a narrow strip along the Pacific coast of Northern Califomia. The trunk of redwood trees is very strong and usually forms a single straight column.It is covered with a soft bark.This bark can be pretty thick,well over two feet in the more mature trees.It gives the older trees a certain kind of protection from insects,but the main benefit is that it keeps the center of the tree harmless from moderate forest fires because of its thickness.This fire resistant quality explains why the giant redwood grows to live that long.While most other types of trees are destroyed by forest fires,the giant redwood actually prospers because of them. Moderate fires will clear the ground of competing plant life,and the rising heat dries and opens the ripe fruit of the redwood,releasing many thousands of seeds onto the ground below. New trees are often produced from shoots,little baby trees,which form at the base of the trunk.These shoots grow slowly,fed by the root system of the \"mother'' tree.When the main tree dies,the shoots are then free to grow as full trees,forming a \"fairy ring\" of trees around the original tree.These trees,in turn,may give rise to more shoots,and the cycle continues. \n Answer: The temperature was lower along the Pacific coast.",
            "output": [
                "Why were redwood trees easier to find in the forests of North America millions of years ago?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9fcaf4154ecb486bb62faffbe0bfb520",
            "input": "Article: NEW YORK PLUMBING  & HEATING Since 1968 Plumbing and Heating Fixing LARGE OR SMALL 24 Hours 7 Days Service Tel: 56568833 268 Pine Street 5 Avenue \n Answer: \"Since 1968\"",
            "output": [
                "Which shows New York P & H (Plumber & Heating) has been in business for a long time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7b5999fff90e42f5bd31066f5b3b5a5c",
            "input": "Article: The United States government is back in business. Early Thursday morning, President Barack Obama signed a bill to reopen the government. The budget bill, drafted by Senate late on Wednesday night, raised the government's debt ceiling and averted a serious economic crisis. \"With the shutdown behind us,\" Obama said after the Senate vote, \"we now have an opportunity to focus on a sensible budget that is responsible, that is fair and that helps hardworking people all across this country.\" Now that a settlement has been reached, formerly furloughed employees have returned to work, national museums and parks are reopening, and the government's gears are slowly beginning to turn again. Before the shutdown, a federal funding bill went back and forth between the Senate and the House. A major issue was whether or not the government would pay for changes in Obama's healthcare plan. The Senate, with a Democratic majority, wanted to pass a budget that would fund the new healthcare law. But the House, which has a Republican majority, did not want government money used that way. Because an agreement could not be reached on a budget plan, the government was forced to partially shut down. Sixteen days later, _ have come together to pass a measure that raised the country's debt ceiling. The debt ceiling is the strict legal limit Congress places on the amount of money that can be borrowed each year. Had this agreement not been met by October 17, the U.S. may not have been able to pay its promised payments. This legislation, or law, will fund the government through January 15. During this time, Obama and Congress will work on a long-term spending plan. The effects of the two-week government shutdown were widespread. In addition to national parks, museums, memorials and monuments were off-limits to visitors. Workers at government-run organizations like NASA and the Environmental Protection Agency were furloughed. Part of the new legislation will pay back the 800,000 workers who were without pay during the shutdown. Early Thursday, the Smithsonian Institution celebrated the government's reopening on Twitter. \"We're back from the shutdown!\" they wrote, announcing that museums would reopen Thursday and the National Zoo in Washington on Friday. To the delight of many people, that also means the return of the zoo's popular live Panda camera. \n Answer: Lazy people across the country.",
            "output": [
                "What may have lead to the government shutdown?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-89793606cfda43d7bb38480c9085f1e4",
            "input": "Article: WELLINGTON, September 19 (Xinhua) -- If your teenage son won't get out of bed in the morning, then take comfort from the fact that he might be sleeping his way to a healthier future, according to a new research from New Zealand. Researchers in human nutrition at the University of Otago have found that teenage boys who sleep less have more body fat when compared to girls, for whom lack of sleep has no noticeable effect on their body fat ratios. The study of 386 boys and 299 girls aged 15 to 18 found that average-sized 16-year-old boy weighing 69.5 kg and 176 cm tall, who slept for eight hours a day, had a waist size l.8 cm bigger and l.6 kg, or 9 percent, more body fat than the average-sized boy who slept 10 hours a day. \"The boys who slept eight hours a day would also have l.8 kg more lean (bone and muscle) mass compared to the boys who slept 10 hours, but that's only a 1.4-percent increase, compared to the 9- percent increase seen in body fat,\" said lead researcher from the Department of Human Nutrition, Dr. Paula Skidmore. \"Our results suggest that for older teenage boys, making sure that they get enough sleep may help to maintain a healthier body. It seems to be that, within reason, the more sleep the better for boys,\" Skidmore said in a statement Thursday. \"It was unexpected that we did not find the same result in girls, who may actually be more aware of their diet and more in tune with a healthier lifestyle.\" The researchers ruled out the effects of food choice and number of screens, such as televisions, games and consoles, which the teenagers had in their bedrooms. \n Answer: Screens and fat.",
            "output": [
                "What's the research really about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5c85d31ae6384ea7beea799455385941",
            "input": "Article: When I was superintendent of schools in Palo Alto, California, Polly Tyner, the president of our board of trustees , wrote a letter that was printed in the Palo Alto Times. Polly's son, Jim, had great difficulty in school. He was classified as educationally handicapped and required a great deal of patience on the part of his parents and teachers. But Jim was a happy kid with a great smile that lit up the room. His parents acknowledged his academic difficulties, but always tried to help him see his strengths so that he could walk with pride. Shortly after Jim finished high school, he was killed in a motorcycle accident. After his death, his mother submitted this letter to the newspaper. Today we buried our 20-year-old son. He was killed instantly in a motorcycle accident on Friday night. How I wish I had known when I talked to him last that it would be the last time. If I had only known I would have said, \"Jim, I love you and I'm so very proud of you.\" I would have taken the time to count the many blessings he brought to the lives of the many who loved him. I would have taken time to appreciate his beautiful smile, the sound of his laughter, his genuine love of people. When you put all the good attributes on the scale  and you try to balance all the irritating _ such as the radio which was always too loud, the haircut that wasn't to our liking, the dirty socks under the bed, etc., the irritations don't amount to much. I won't get another chance to tell my son all I would have wanted him to hear, but, other parents, you do have a chance. Tell your young people what you would want them to hear if you knew it would be your last conversation. The last time I talked to Jim was the day he died. He called me to say, \"Hi, Mom! I just called to say I love you. Got to go to work. Bye.\" He gave me something to treasure forever. If there is any purpose at all to Jim's death, maybe it is to make others appreciate more of life and to have people, especially families, take the time to let each other know just how much we care. You may never have another chance. Do it today! \n Answer: He was a boy handicapped and needed lots of patience.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true about Jim?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6b72d25c7037477ea8fea7a2510f9b41",
            "input": "Article: As children enter their teens, they usually begin to pay more attention to their peers   or friends. Peer pressure   can be direct or indirect, but it is almost always present. Learning to deal with peer pressure makes a teen mature  , and able to get along well with others. Bad peer pressure is when teens feel pressured to do something that they know is wrong, such as smoking, drinking, or drugs  , and it can remain   with them into adulthood. This is the main reason teens have to learn how to deal with it. Some of the things you can do to deal with peer pressure include: * Choose friends who share your values. Good friends use positive   peer pressure to help you be your best self. * Keep away from situations where people are doing things you don't want to do. * Think about your reasons for doing things. Are they good reasons? Are you being true to yourself and your values? * Practice ways of saying no, giving excuses if necessary. * Talk to your parents, or other trusted adults, about the kinds of peer pressure you face, and listen to their advice. * Let the adults know when you need help to get out of a bad situation, and don't know what to do about it. Remember that if just one teen _   peer pressure, usually others will join him or her. Learning to deal with peer pressure will make you confident and mature. \n Answer: Peer pressure includes direct and indirect pressure.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b5e2f2a1379444cb4fdde9634a869cb",
            "input": "Article: I was walking along prefix = st1 /Orchard Roadwhen I realized a tall young man wearing a jacket and tie was following me. I noticed him because not many people wear a jacket and tie in the middle of a hot summer day, and I had already seen this man four times that afternoon. To make sure he was following me, I walked on quickly, turned right into a shopping center and then stopped to look in a shop window.  Soon the man appeared and stopped at another shop window. I walked on and stopped several times. When I stopped , he stopped too. I began to be rather worried and decided to try to lose this strange man.  When I saw a taxi coming, I jumped into it. As I was telling the taxi driver where to go, I found the man get into another taxi, which then followed mine. As the two taxies slowly made their way alongOrchard Road, I looked back at the taxi behind, and saw that the stranger was looking out at me. At MRT station, I told the taxi driver to stop and I got out. As I was paying my fare, I saw the man was getting out of his taxi. By now I got angry, so I turned and walked straight to him.  I asked him why he was following me. At first he said he was not following me at all, but when I threatened  to call the police, he admitted he was.  He then told me that he was a journalist(news reporter) and that he was writing an article on how elderly people inSingaporespend their time. He said he was observing me to gather materials for his article. \n Answer: He seemed to be wearing too much.",
            "output": [
                "What is strange about the man who followed the writer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f0ddaece0ecc41199ca6b6c49aa27a87",
            "input": "Article: An average 30-year-old person who has eaten three meals a day since birth has eaten more than 30,000 meals to date. Even if you've only eaten half that much, you have to admit this: you've let some of that breakfast, lunch or dinner go to waste. And it turns out that we're all to blame for this shaming fact: 30% of all food produced in the world each year is wasted or lost. That's about 1.3 billion tons, according to a new report by the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. That's the weight of more than 8.6 million full-grown blue whales, the largest creatures on earth. That's the weight of more than 2.3 million Airbus A380s, the largest planes in existence. That's as if each person in China, the world's most populous country with more than 1.3 billion people, had one ton mass of food they could just throw into the dustbin. It's almost  _ ,isn't it? Setting aside that big number, we find the people with the most money are the ones who waste the most. Per capita(  ), European and North American countries waste between 95 and 115 kilograms of food. Sub-Saharan African, South Asian and Southeast Asian countries waste much less -- between 6 and 11 kilograms per person. Here's another statistic: all the food that the world's richest countries waste is about equal to all the food that sub-Saharan Africa produces. The numbers: 222 million tons and 230 million tons, respectively( ). Basically, the wasted food of the rich could feed much of the African continent. And these numbers come as we've just been reporting about rising food prices around the world in the past week. And my own personal tip: if I eat at a restaurant and can't finish it all, I ask for a doggie bag. I used to be a waiter years ago and will never forget the amounts of food I saw left on the table after the bill was paid. There's no reason to waste food. It's up to all of us to use our common sense to eat and shop just a bit more wisely. \n Answer: About 5.6 billion tons.",
            "output": [
                "According to the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, how much food do people produce each year in the world?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3084084b46ec44cea8eb9f1c31f632c2",
            "input": "Article: October sixteenth is World Food Day.This day is also the anniversary of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization(F.A.O.).The UN agency leads international efforts to defeat world hunger.It was created in 1945. The F.A.O.says more than one hundred fifty countries are to hold special events to celebrate World Food Day.At F.A.O.headquarters in Rome,for example,runners will compete in a five-kilometer race through the city's historical area.Events in other countries include discussions among experts,press conferences and musical programs. The message of this year's World Food Day is\"investing in agriculture for food security\".The F.A.O.says,\"During the early 1990s,the foreign aid for agriculture was nine thousand million dollars each year.But now, it has declined to less than five thousand million dollars a year.\"Yet, the F.A.O.estimates that more than eight hundred and fifty million people around the world do not get enough food. The UN agency notes that seventy percent of the world's hungry lies in the farmers who grow small amount of food.Many also face problems of feeding themselves.The F.A.O.says agricultural aid could help small farmers make a profit from their crops.Farmers would also be able to feed their families throughout the year and re-invest in their farms.They could buy better seeds,equipment and chemical fertilizers to help their crops grow. Muhammad Yunis.the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to improve the lives of poor people,as well as his Bangladesh microfinance organization,the Grameen Bank,has lent small amount of money to poor people who are unable to get traditional loans,especially women.Minister Yunis says that he plans to give his share of the one million three hundred thousand dollars Nobel award to good causes.He says he wants to establish an eye hospital and start a project to produce low-cost food for the poor. \n Answer: Five.",
            "output": [
                "To celebrate the World Food Day, how many kinds of activities are mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bf6934ca1c004d6a89f6b4063c7962e5",
            "input": "Article: After battling hard times and danger for over nine months, British teenager Mike Perham made history last month as the youngest person to sail solo around the world. The 17-year-old made the record after he cleared the Panama Canal and then sailed through the Caribbean and got home across the Atlantic. Mike is only three months younger than Zac Sunderland, the 17-year-old American boy who had taken the crown as the youngest solo around-the-world sailor in July. The two youngsters met in Cape Town in South Africa as they crossed the globe in different directions. Mike insisted they were not rivals . \"No. It's two teenagers going out there, living their dream and having the adventure of a lifetime,\" he said. Mike may be young, but he is no stranger to sailing adventures. He picked up the hobby at the age of 6 when his father took him out in a small boat on a local lake. Father and son sailed separate boats across the Atlantic when Mike was 14, making him the youngest person to cross that ocean solo. That record gave him the taste for this even greater challenge. On the recent journey, the scariest moment for Mike came when his sailboat was hit by storms in the southern Indian Ocean. \"We were picked up by what felt like a 60-foot wave and threw down on our side at 90 degrees,\" he said. \"It felt like I was going right over. Stuff was flying around and I just thought 'Oh no'.\" At other times, he had to dive into the Pacific and fix problems. He tied himself to the boat, jumped into the water and went to work with a knife in 30-second dives underneath the boat to cut a rope away. Mike said he felt proud that he made his dream come true. \"You've got to have confidence in yourself that you will make it,\" he said. \n Answer: A British teenager became the youngest person to sail solo around the world.",
            "output": [
                ". What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-198387b3196e480dbf62bcee2afec02a",
            "input": "Article: Writer and power chair adventurer Mary Laver has not walked for twenty years. Yet the cheerful and positive 60 year old is not only refusing to let her disability get her down ---- she is also planning to cross the length of Britain in a power wheelchair. Getting ready for the trip is not easy. She has already run into many problems - not least officials and organizations who view her as a health and safety risk. One police officer wrote to Mary requesting: 1. The proposed route through our area with road numbers. 2. The dates and times each day that this will be taking place. 3. The location details of the proposed overnight stops. 4. The names and mobile phone contact details of the Support Crew. Another police officer asked her to travel off road! As Mary told me, this was unacceptable - as a power wheelchair user with limited movement _ \". There are other problems in her way though - she is, after all, in her 60's and has severe rheumatoid arthritis . However, unlike many other people with arthritis, she is no longer in pain. \"When you are in a power chair and it is going at eight miles an hour, believe me it feels fast ... to me it is the Formula One  chair of electric wheelchairs.\" At the end of the interview, I asked Mary if she had a message for any other power chair users who wanted to do a challenge, and her reply was simple:\"Just do it!\" \n Answer: Travel across Britain in a power wheelchair.",
            "output": [
                "What is Mary Laver planning to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-45d803efd50b4fde9d6ba0eca17d7411",
            "input": "Article: To be successful in any aspect of life, you need to know when to use the carrot or the stick. Here are a few tips to help you decide whether it's better to use the carrot or the stick. With the kids The carrot When it comes to raising a kid, the carrot or the stick dilemma is quicklydisappearing as too many parents take the carrot approach to the extreme. In child raising, the carrot should never be materialistic things. If you want to ask for good behavior with a reward, it should be with something that can't be bought, say, trust. The stick Nowadays, no one likes to use the stick any more, or in my father's case, the belt. I'm not overlooking child abuse, if you ever want to call it that, but I am encouraging parents to toughen up a bit. You don't want your kid to test your limits only to find out he can get away with it. If you want to raise a kid, raise the hand and let him know it comes down on the second offense. At the office The carrot People need encouragement and motivation to perform well. However, the carrot only really works well with employees who have already proved themselves. Ifyou've got someone who can't show up at the office before noon, the promise of a raise isn't going to do much. On the contrary, if there's a guy with a good work moral, he'll thrive (grow stronger) when you add a promotion to the picture. The stick When considering the carrot or the stick in the office, remember that, overall, the stick is the more practical method in the office. A wise man, who just happened to be an Italian, once said \"It's best to be both loved and feared.\" It's nice to have everyone love you, but running a business isn't like running a family. You need to have the stick constantly raised. With the wife The carrot When it comes to marriage, always use the carrot. I've had a lovely marriage for many years, and I've always stuck to the carrot approach. Sometimes you catch more flies with honey, and sometimes it's the crack of a whip  that gets the horse moving. Try not to use too many sticks at home; the carrot is much more fun. \n Answer: The Carrot or the Stick?",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f0bcf6ee78204dd3976317dd18110729",
            "input": "Article: The goal of earthquake prediction is to give early enough warning. The U.S. Geological Survey conducts and supports research on the likelihood of future earthquakes. Scientists estimate earthquake probabilities in two ways: by studying the history of large earthquakes in a special area and the rate at which strain accumulates in the rock. Scientists study the past frequency of large earthquakes in order to determine the future likelihood of similar large shocks. For example scientists researched the large earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region during the 75 years between 1836 and 1911. For the next 68 years, no earthquakes of magnitude   6 or large occurred in the region. Beginning with a magnitude 6 shock in 1979, the earthquakes in the region increased dramatically; between 1979 and 1989, there were four magnitude 6 or greater earthquakes, including a magnitude 7.1 earthquake. So scientists estimated that the probability of a magnitude 6.8 or larger earthquake occurring during the next 30 years in the region is about 67 percent. Another way to predict earthquakes is to study how fast strain accumulates. When plate movements build the strain in rocks to a critical level, like pulling a rubber band too tight, the rocks will suddenly break and slip to a new position. Scientists measure how much strain accumulates along a fault   each year, how much time has passed since the last earthquake, and how much strain was released in the last earthquake. This information is used to calculate the time required for the accumulating strain to build to the level that results in an earthquake. This simple model is so complicated that such detailed information about faults is rare. In the United States, only the San Andreas Fault System has adequate records for using this prediction method. Scientific understanding of earthquakes is of vital importance to the Nation. As the population increases, expanding urban development and construction encroach   upon areas susceptible  to earthquakes. With a greater understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakes, we may be able to reduce damage and loss of life from this destruction. \n Answer: How to predict earthquakes.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fcef87e5dde043059301a03447dfe82e",
            "input": "Article: Is it okay to keep exercising when you have a cold? What about the flu? With winter viruses going around, it's important to know how to alter your training if you do catch a germ or two. \"The guidelines are pretty easy,\" says Dr Lorenzo Masci from the Alphington Sports Medicine Clinic. \"Anything above the neck --- so if you've got a cold for example, a runny nose or a sore throat --- then you should probably cut down your exercise by half and do 50 percent of what you normally do.\" \"If you've got anything below the neck, like muscle pain, joint pain or fever, you shouldn't really exercise at all until those general symptoms settle down,\" Lorenzo says. He points out that a cough would also fall into this more serious category. \"For example, if anyone comes in with a fever and a runny nose, I'd tell them to stop exercising until the fever and the muscle ache settles. Then they can start their training again at 50 percent once all those symptoms settle, even if they've got a bit of a runny nose or a sore throat.\" \"The reason we tell people to stop exercising is because if you exercise when you're unwell it can make the illness worse and prolong it.\" There is a second reason Lorenzo advises his patients to stop exercising when they have \"below the neck\" symptoms. In the event you have an illness which affects your heart, exercise can sometimes actually lead to death. Lorenzo advises to take zinc   and vitamin C as a way of preventing colds. But he admits that this is controversial --- some studies have shown that these supplements can improve immune function while other studies have cast doubt on the issue. The good news is that if you exercise regularly, you're likely to improve your immune function. \"If you exercise too much, it can predispose   you to coughs and sniffles,\" he points out. This is often the case for excellent athletes who train every day, such as triathletes  . \"But what we do know is that if you exercise at a moderate level, your immune system improves such that you're probably at a lower risk of developing coughs and colds.\" \n Answer: Two.",
            "output": [
                "How many guidelines does Dr Lorenzo mainly suggest on doing exercises when people catch a cold?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-316d35ece1174a809993447fce612061",
            "input": "Article: Mobile phones are the latest craze of many people from different parts of the world. Whenever there is a latest phone model being produced by companies such as Apple, Samsung, LG, Sony, etc., the public is all eyes and all ears on what consist of the latest product that is in the market. The public wants to check every detail to find reasons why to buy them.  How to choose the best Phone Comparison? There are some categories to consider. Specifications are very important, but if you are not the techie type of person, you can just check on some categories. One of them is the design. Most mobile phones have a set of colours available for different types of customers to choose from. The most popular colours are black and white, and these colours show elegance and sophistication to the users. The shapes of the phones also contribute a lot to the design, and a lot of people prefer the shapes of Samsung and LG phones nowadays. Another important feature to consider is the value of the phone. If its price in the market is quite high compared to other phones, then you have to expect better specifications on them. If the specifications don't have much difference with those of the others, then you can weigh the value of the item. Furthermore, customers need to check the battery life of the mobile phone they intend to buy. For people who always travel or out of their house most of the time, they need to select a phone that has a longer battery life. This information can be found as well on the specifications of the phone. You need to check on how long you can use your phone for a day so that you won't need to charge it every now and then and so that you can save electricity as well. \n Answer: Shape.",
            "output": [
                "In what aspect are Samsung phones preferable, compared with Apple phones?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6bca2ada55cb48c58e8baa82c7982757",
            "input": "Article: Coffee is a powerful beverage.On a personal level,it helps keep US awake and active.On a much broader level,it has helped shape our history and continues to shape our culture. Coffee didn't take off until the l400s when people figured out they could roast its seeds.By the l500s,the drink had spread to coffeehouses across the Arab world.Within another l50 years,it took Europe by storm. \"It actually had a major impact on the rise of business,\" historian Mark Pendergrast says.Coffeehouses became a spot not just to enjoy a cup but to exchange ideas.The insurer Lloyd's of London was founded hundreds of years ago in one of London's 2,000 coffeehouses.Literature,newspapers and even the works of great composers like Bach and Beethoven were also spawned in coffeehouses. It is often said that after the Boston Tea Party of l773,when American colonists attacked British tea ships and threw boxes of tea into the harbor,Americans universally switched over to drinking coffee.In a letter John Adams wrote to his wife,Abigail,the Founding Father claims his love of tea but says he will have to learn to embrace coffee instead,because drinking tea had become a symbol of not loving the country. For all the upsides coffee has brought the modern world,it also led to its fair share of downsides,too.Europeans carried coffee with them as they colonized various parts of the world,and this frequently meant they enslaved people in order to grow it.In Brazil -- where slavery was legal until l888 -- coffee plantations would use slash-and-burn agriculture,tearing down rain forests and planting coffee trees.Once the soil had been exhausted,growers would move on to another place. And yet,coffee,as Pendergrast says,\"had a very good impact in many ways on our civilization,even though it was,for a long time,grown by slaves.\" \n Answer: Because they could exchange ideas there.",
            "output": [
                "Why did people enjoy going to coffeehouses?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-044c976bb69745e6b66f583c7451c902",
            "input": "Article: Tips for Cycle Trips Cycling has many advantages as a form of travel, as it is the fastest way to travel by human Power, and slow enough to allow the type of local involvement that is impossible with powered travel.Cycle travel is a cheap form of transportation. Distance On level terrain ,without a headwind, a cyclist of average fitness on a touring bike can comfortably cover 60-120km a day.Distances of up to 250km a day are possible, but anything much beyond 120km will require considerable physical tension and not allow many stops to enjoy the places you visit.For many,80-100km a day will be the most suitable distance to aim for, as it will give a sense of achievement and also leave plenty of time for meals and activities. Geography The gradient of the trip will reduce your range.A basic rule is that for every 100 metres of altitude you climb, you should add an extra 15 minutes to your journey time.In hilly or mountainous areas, the easiest routes for cycling are downstream along major rivers, as overall they will be downhill.A long, roundabout route along a river will usually be easier than a short, direct route over a hill or mountain pass.However, it is worth bearing in mind that the most scenic routes often come from hilly terrain. Eat Food choice depends largely on where you are, so see the respective sections for more information about foods. As you will be working hard, it's important to get enough energy in your food. On long trips away from major towns-there may be little quality food available, so be prepared to live on candy bars, prepared meat products and the like if the need arises. Sleep While you can take a tent with you, many hotels and especially campsites can accommodate cyclists. However, there are also some hotels that may be less used to accommodating cyclists.If you are exploring an unfamiliar word, asking about the accommodation spares you the search for a new place to stay after a long exhausting day of travel. \n Answer: 90km.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following distance does the author suggest to ordinary cyclists a day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-821949fdedb74b909d44ed73bef2bebc",
            "input": "Article: Since 1984, Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. One by one, graffiti-covered walls are being changed into outdoor art. So far, more than 1,800 murals have been painted. Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city. The walls that were once ugly with graffiti are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP). Its work makes schools and public places attractive, and its citizens very proud. The program began as part of Philadelphia's Anti-Graffiti Network. Jane Golden is the MAP's artistic director. \"When people ask me what our program is about,\" she says, \"I answer them with one word: hope.\" Each year, the MAP offers youth art programs and workshops. Some one-time graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals. The MAP's work, says Golden, is all about developing a sense of community  . When a neighborhood requests a mural, the MAP works with the people there to develop a message. Some messages have been \"Safe Streets,\" \"Love and Care,\" and \"Peace Walk.\" The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. Last year, the workers painted 140 murals. \"The making of a mural enters people's collective memory as an extraordinary, pleasant moment in neighborhood history\" says Golden, who began as a muralist in Los Angeles. \n Answer: Hope, One Wall at a Time",
            "output": [
                "What can be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f0ad578140cb4ea59c0831e001466c40",
            "input": "Article: There are many things we can do in our daily life to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas sent out. Probably the most important is to share what you have learned with your family and friends.        Use the family car less. Walk or cycle whenever possible. Take a bus. Try ride sharing.        Use less energy in the house by turning down the heat when you are away or sleeping and turning off lights and electrical equipment you aren't using.        If your family needs a car,  make sure to buy a fuel-efficient one.   An average car sends out nearly 60 tons of carbon dioxide during its lifetime, compared to between 22 and 30 tons from a fuel-efficient car.        Encourage your family to use the car more efficiently  : for example, check the air in the tires. Underinflated tires can increase fuel use by 8%.  Turn the car off instead of letting it run when it is stopped.  Idling uses more gas and sets free carbon dioxide into the air,        Reuse, recycle and compost (... ) your waste. It takes much less energy to reuse or recycle a product than to make a new one.  Correctly composting your food and yard waste removes the methane   that they would cause at the landfill site. Buying less is al- ways the best.  Plant trees. Trees take in carbon dioxide, reduce pollution, provide shade, and look great. \n Answer: Buy less products even if we can afford.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following does the writer suggest that we should not do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-78a89971360f47b6a8dcb137525dc1da",
            "input": "Article: Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North American were simple structures that were primarily functional, carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages.  During the first half of the eighteen century, however, houses began to show a new elegance.  As wealth increased, more and more colonist built fine houses.    Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, the design of buildings was left either to amateur   designers or to carpenters who were engaged in translating architectural handbooks imported from England.  Inventories of libraries shows an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders, and the houses built during the eighteenth century show their influence.  Nevertheless, most household architecture of the first-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide  _ of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.    Increasing wealth and growing sophistication   throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improved design, whether the material was wood, stone, or brick.  New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other towns, where the danger of fire gave an impetus   to the use of more durable material.  A few houses in New England were built of stone, but only in Pennsylvania and areas nearby was stone widely used in buildings.  An increased use of brick in houses and outbuildings is noticeable in Virginia and Maryland, but wood remained the most popular material even in houses built by wealthy landowners.  In the Carolinas, even in closely packed Charleston, wooden houses were much common than brick houses.    Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvements over the former ones.  Windows were made larger and shutters removed.  Large, clear panes replaced the small leaded glass of the seventeenth century.  Doorways were larger and more decorative.    Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms.  Walls were made of plaster or wood.  White paint began to take the place of blues, yellows, greens, and lead color1s, which had been popular for walls in the earlier years.  After about 1730, advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers. \n Answer: The improved design of eighteenth-century colonial houses.",
            "output": [
                "What's the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d7a5e87eafa043d888ae41c22a9095b9",
            "input": "Article: Thanksgiving Day  is always celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November.It is the most traditional American holiday.The first Thanksgiving was held in Massachusetts in 1621.After a year off great hardship,the colonist wanted to give thanks to God for their first harvest.They invited their Indian friends to join,them in a big feast . Today the holiday is still celebrated as a day for giving thanks.But it Wasn't a regular national holiday until President Lincoln declared that the last Thursday in November would thereafter be Thanksgiving Day in 1863.It is a day of reunion and it is customary to invite friends to share the meal.In some large cities,there are important football games that are played on Thanksgiving Day.     For Americans,Thanksgiving Day is one of the few days of the year when the entire family gets together.Everyone is glad to see everyone else and there is a very busy exchanges of greeting.The women soon disappear into the kitchen to help prepare the dinner.The men,meanwhile,settle down to watch a football game on television,or to discuss business or politics.If weather permits,some of the more athletic men go outside to play ball with the children.Then everyone will sit down to dinner.in which traditional Thanksgiving foods such as stuffed turkey ,sweet potatoes,chestnuts ,and pumpkin pie are served. After dinner,people will sit around and talk. \n Answer: It falls on the same day in November every year.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about Thanksgiving Day is FALSE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51090644a9ba4df19947b177b17a62bd",
            "input": "Article: A team of US psychologists have found that talking to another person for ten minutes a day helps with memory. \"Socializing is just as effective as more traditional kinds of mental exercise in memory and intellectual performance,\" Oscar Ybarra, a psychologist at the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, said in a statement. In one investigation, they analyzed data on 3610 people, aged 24 to 96. They found that the higher their level of social interaction  , the better their cognitive   functioning.  Social interaction includes getting together or having phone chats with relatives, freinds and neighbors. In another experiment, the researchers conducted lab tests on 76 college students, aged 18 to 21, to evaluate how social interactions and intellectual exercises affected the results of memory and mental performance tests. The students were divided into three groups: the social interaction group had a discussion of a social issue for 10 minutes before taking the tests; the intellectual activities group completed three tasks (including a reading comprehension exercise and a crossword puzzle) before the tests; and a control group   watched a 10-minute clip   of the Seinfeld television show. \"We found that short-term social interaction lasting for just 10 minutes improved participants' intellectual performance as much as engaging in so-called 'intellectual' activities for the same amount of time,\" Ybarra said. The study was expected to be published in the February issue of the journal Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. \n Answer: Calling your classmates",
            "output": [
                "Which is not included in social interaction?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1881ebf1a44c47d3b8ba4129a4931ed7",
            "input": "Article: A South African farmer is receiving phone calls from his sheep after equipping them with cell phones to keep tabs on the flock amid recent livestock thefts, according to local press Wednesday. When the sheep call, it is always bad news for farmer Erard Louw of the Cape Town suburbs, as the phones around their necks are only set to switch on when the sheep start running, a sign that thieves have cut through the fences. \"As they run it gives me a phone call and says 'Sheep One' or 'Sheep Two' and so on, so at least I know where to start looking because the farm is 750 hectares (1,850 acres),\" Louw told the Cape Times daily. Louw attached the phone-like security device to the collars of four sheep in separate flocks after thieves sneaked in and stole 27 sheep and 13 lambs a couple of weeks ago, driving Louw to _ for ways to protect his animals. He said there was no use calling nearby police, as they were stationed too far away and in his experience they either lacked an available car or the vehicle was out of fuel or missing tyres -- also the work of thieves. According to Louw, the cell phones have already proved their worth, with one sheep-snatcher caught thanks to the device. Still, with theft attempts currently at their peak, given long winter nights and early nightfall, a few sheep-robbers managed to get away in spite of the device. \"The phone did start ringing that night and I went out,\" he said, but added that he was too late. \n Answer: Because he wanted to protect them against thieves.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Erard Louw attach the phone-like device to the sheep he raises?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-055434258cd643a583109a0cb9dbd521",
            "input": "Article: Certainly no creature in the sea is stranger than the common sea cucumber . All living creatures, especially human beings, have their features, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about an unusual animal that eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered eatable? For some fifty million years, in spite of all its strange features, the sea cucumber has lived on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present. Sea cucumbers come in a variety of color1s, ranging from black to reddish-brown to sand-color1 and nearly white. One form even has brilliant purple tentacles . Usually the creature are cucumber-shaped--where their name comes from--and because they live in rocks, this shape, combined with flexibility, enables them to press into crevices  where they are safe from animal eater and ocean currents. Although they have greedy desire for food, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the ability to become still and live at a low metabolic  rate--feeding a little or not at all for long periods, so that the living things in the ocean that provide their food have a chance to increase by a large amount. If it were not for this natural ability, they would swallow all the food available in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence. But the most impressive thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs. When attacked, it forces all its internal organs in its body out into water. It also removes attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will get rid of its organs and grow itself again if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted. \n Answer: It helps them to protect themselves from danger.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, why is the shape of sea cucumbers important?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2a0ffca3f7a430b993dcf827735a65e",
            "input": "Article: Gary is teaching his students to play a game called \"Word House\" in the English class. Here is the way to play the game: 1. Get some pieces of paper that are cut into squares. Each Square is for writing one letter only. 2. Write a letter on one square. For example, write \"i.\" 3. Next, take another two squares. Make a two-letter word which contains the letter you have written, for example, \"in\" or \"hi.\" Put the new word (written on the two squares) below the first square. 4. Then make a three-letter word which contains the two letters you have written.Again, put the new word on the next line. 5. Keep making new words in the same way to build a \"word house.\" The person who builds the highest word house in twenty minutes wins the game. \n Answer: It is about spelling.",
            "output": [
                "Which is true about the game?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9fc38b9a10a41a5987990026083b856",
            "input": "Article: The illegal ivory trade has been a major problem in Africa for decades. Poachers  and hunters have killed off hundreds of thousands of elephants to obtain this precious material. Now, affected areas are taking action. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) announced on Wednesday that key states where poaching takes place have promised to stop the ivory trade and protect Africa's elephants. In the 1980s, as many as 1 million elephants across Africa were killed for their ivory tusks. This continued until 1989, when the Convention on International Trade in Species (CITES) voted to ban all trade in ivory. With trade , demand for ivory fell. Elephant populations slowly began to increase. However, this progress was short-lived. According to the IUCN, 2011 saw the highest levels of poaching and illegal ivory trading in at least 16 years. Around 25,000 elephants were killed in Africa that year. Preliminary data from the IUCN shows even higher levels of illegal trade may have been reached in 2013. \"With about 22,000 elephants illegally killed in 2012, we continue to face a critical situation,\" said John E. Scanlon, CITES Secretary-General. \"Current elephant poaching in Africa remains far too high, and could soon lead to local extinctions if the present killing rate continues.\" At the African Elephant Summit, key African states where elephants make their home agreed to develop a \"zero-tolerance attitude\" towards poaching. The deal calls for maximum sentences for poachers and hunters, and increased cooperation between affected states. Officials are determined to classifying wildlife trading as a serious crime -- and to making sure that the people who commit it are punished. All participants at the conference agreed to sign the deal. With these states coming together, there may yet be hope for elephants. (293 words) \n Answer: New Hope for Elephants.",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-509cc4ca5f8c40f9b8f2a2e4148dfb76",
            "input": "Article: Through a series of experiments an American scientist has gained an understanding of the social structure of the most complex of ant societies. The ants examined are the only creatures other than man to have given up hunting and collecting for a completely agricultural way of life. In their underground nests they cultivate gardens on soil made from finely chopped leaves. This is a complex operation requiring considerable division of labour. The workers of this type of ants can be divided into four groups according to the size. Each of the groups performs a particular set of jobs.               The making and care of the gardens and the nursing of the young ants are done by the smallest workers. Slightly larger workers are responsible for chopping up leaves to make them suitable for use in the gardens and for cleaning the nest. A third group of still larger ants do the construction work and collect fresh leaves from outside the nest. The largest are the soldier ants, responsible for defending the nest.               To find out how good the various size-groups are at different tasks, the scientist measured the amount of work done by the ants against the amount of energy they used. He examined first the gathering and carrying of leaves. He selected one of the size-groups, and then measured how efficiently these ants could find leaves and run back to the nest. Then he repeated the experiment for each of the other size-groups. In this way he could see whether any group could do the job more efficiently than the group normally undertaking it.               The intermediate-sized ants that normally perform this task proved to be the most efficient for their energy costs, but when the scientist examined the whole set of jobs performed by each group of ants it appeared that some sizes of worker ant were not ideally suited to the particular jobs they performed. \n Answer: Individuals perform different functions.",
            "output": [
                "In which way are the ants different from other non-human societies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c3523c517adb47f78297407e18e66f7c",
            "input": "Article: SAN FRANCISCO--A phone app in San Francisco gives information about open parking spots.City officials in San Francisco introduced the app to try to reduce traffic jams in the city, but some say it raises safety concerns. In this city, drivers searching for parking spots lead to 30 percent of all downtown jams, city officials think.Now San Francisco has found a solution -- a phone app for spot-seekers that shows information about areas with available spaces.The system, introduced last month, relies on wireless sensors fixed in streets and city garages that can tell within seconds if a spot has opened up. But the system could come with serious consequences.Some people say that drivers searching for parking could end up focusing on their phones, not the road.\"It could be really distracting ,\" said Daniel Simons, a professor of psychology at the University of Illinois. City officials admitted the hidden problem.They are urging drivers to pull over before they use the city's iPhone app, or to do so before they leave home. Nathaniel Ford, executive director of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, said safety could actually improve if drivers quickly found a spot instead of circling and getting frustrated. San Francisco has put sensors into 7,000 parking spots and 12,250 spots in city garages.If spaces in an area open up, the sensors communicate wirelessly with computers that in turn make the information available to app users within a minute, said Mr. Ford, of the transportation agency.On the app, a map shows which blocks have lots of places(blue)and which are full(red). More than 12,000 people have downloaded San Francisco's app, which is available now only for the iPhone. \n Answer: Making full use of the parking spots.",
            "output": [
                "What is the phone app mentioned in the text mainly aimed at?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-52a1b470edb64639b92cc785fe309577",
            "input": "Article: There is no such thing as \"the perfect parent\" and everyone has to learn how to educate their children. Parents may be annoyed by their kids and yell   at then, but they should be careful not to yell at the children. Children need to be loved and cared for. They need positive encouragement, which will help them believe that they can succeed in their lives. This will also give them opportunities to explore and try out new things. If parents yell at their children, the emotional   development of them can be badly affected. Though parents think they are protecting their children at all times, the children will not feel safe when they are yelled at. It can be a very bad experience for children. This can make it difficult for children to enjoy parents' presence   if they are being yelled at. A person needs to be a good listener and also should learn to give others a chance to talk. When a child grows up with parents who often yell, this will not happen. When parents often yell, their children will also learn the same thing and they will find it natural not to listen to anyone. The confidence   of a child is built up by his or her parents. There is no doubt that yelling will only decrease their confidence level. The words used while yelling can affect them greatly. They will not want to do anything without asking for their parents' permission. \n Answer: Don't yell at your children",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c8e120785a9b46449e900c1591554856",
            "input": "Article: WASHINGTON - Barack Obama swept to victory as the first black president in the US history Tuesday night in an electoral college landslide that overcame racial barriers as old as America itself. \"Change has come,\" he told a huge group of cheering supporters. In his first speech as victor, Obama catalogued the challenges ahead. \"The greatest of a lifetime,\" he said, \"two wars, a planet in danger, the worst financial crisis in a century.\" He added, \"There are many who won't agree with every decision or policy I make as president, and we know that government can't solve every problem. But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face.\" The son of a black father from Kenya and a white mother from Kansas, the Democratic senator from Illinois sealed his historic triumph by defeating Republican Sen. John McCain in a string of wins in hard-fought battleground states -- Ohio, Florida, Virginia, Iowa and more. In his speech, Obama invoked   the words of Lincoln and echoed John F. Kennedy. \"So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism, of service and responsibility where each of us resolves to pitch in   and work harder,\" he said. He and his running mate, Joseph Biden of Delaware, will take their oaths of office as president and vice president on Jan. 20, 2009. Obama will move into the Oval Office as leader of a country that is almost certainly in recession  , and fighting two long wars, one in Iraq, the other in Afghanistan. Obama has said his first order of presidential business will be to tackle the economy. He has also pledged to withdraw most US combat troops from Iraq within 16 months. \n Answer: He is the first black president in the US history.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about Barack Obama, the newly-elected president of the United States?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e8055d7df61430b9994ef93464ee071",
            "input": "Article: The majority of Indian women wear a red dot   between their eyebrows. While it is generally taken as an indicator of their marital   status, the practice is primarily related to the Hindu religion. The dot goes by different names in different Hindi dialects, and \"bindi\" is the one that is most commonly known. Traditionally, the dot carries no gender restriction: Men as well as women wear it. However, the tradition of men wearing it has faded in recent times, so nowadays we see a lot more women than men wearing one. The position of the bindi is standard: center of the forehead, close to the eyebrows. It represents a third, or inner eye. Hindu tradition holds that all people have three eyes: The two outer ones are used for seeing the outside world, and the third one is there to focus inward toward God. As such, the dot serves as a constant reminder to keep God in the front of a believer's thoughts. Red is the traditional color of the dot. It is said that in ancient times a man would place a drop of blood between his wife's eyes to seal their marriage. According to Hindu beliefs, the color red is believed to bring good fortune to the married couple. Today, people go with different colors depending upon their preferences. Women often wear dots that match the color of their clothes. Decorative or sticker bindis come in all sizes, colors and variations, and can be worn by young and old, married and unmarried people alike. Wearing a bindi has become more of a fashion statement than a religious custom. \n Answer: To highlight their family background.",
            "output": [
                "Why did people in India start wearing a red dot on their forehead?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fb0d1fe773d2416a854c955f6c5c299f",
            "input": "Article: Boys at the top of the pecking order  either by birth or because their older brothers died score higher on IQ tests than their younger brothers. Norwegian researchers now report that it's a matter of what they call social rank in the family that gives the first born the highest scores or, if the first born had died young, the next oldest. Kristensen and Bjerkedal studied the IQ test results of 241,310 Norwegian men drafted  into the armed forces between 1967 and 1976. All were aged 18 or 19 at the time. The average IQ of first-born men was 103.2, they found second-born men averaged 101.2, but second-born men whose older brother died young scored 102.9. And for third-borns, the average was 100.0. But if both older brothers died young,the third-born score rose to 102.6. The findings provide \"evidence that the relation between birth order and IQ score is dependent on the social rank in the family and not birth order as such.\" they concluded.  _ since at least 1874,when Sir Francis Galton reported that men in noticeable positions tended to be firstborns more often than would have been statistically   expected. Since then, several studies have reported higher intelligence scores for firstborns, while other analyses have questioned those findings and the methods of those reports. \"These two researchers prove that how study participants  were raised, not how they were born, is what actually influences their IQs,\" said Sulloway, an American professor, who was not part of the research team. \"The elder child pulls ahead,\" he said, \"perhaps as a result of learning gained through the process of tutoring younger brothers and sisters\". \"The older child benefits by having to organize and express its thoughts to tutor youngsters\", he said, \"while the later born children may have no one to tutor.\" \n Answer: Position in the family",
            "output": [
                "According to Norwegain researchers' finding, which of the following is linked to boys' IQ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9f2acc45b9d5498abfb5bebfba6c6235",
            "input": "Article: prefix = st1 /West Virginia--Public schools are using a dance video game to help get students in shape. In these schools, students are often told to turn off their video games and get some exercise. The schools have found a new way for their students to work out while playing a new video game. West Virginiais one of the heaviest states in the country. About half of its fifth-graders are considered to be overweight, and their parents are worried about that. To get them moving on a healthier path, the state's public schools are using a video game called \"Dance Dance Revolution\".    To use the game, players should stand on a special mat in front of a TV screen. Following arrows on the screen, players must move their feet to the specific symbols on the mat. Players must move quickly, touching symbols on the mat at just the right time. With each song, they get more exercise.    \"It we can get children to change their behavior at a young age, they will hopefully grow up to be healthy and active adults,\" said Carl Callison of Mountain State Blue Cross, a health care company.     West Virginiais ranked among the top three heaviest states. About a third of West Virginians are considred to be obese. Even more are considered to be overweight. Extra weight can lead to serious health problems such as high blood pressure, diabetes, some cancers, and many other health issues.    \"One out of three children born in West Virginia today will have diabetes by the time they grow up,\" said Nidia Henderson, a manager for the public employees' insurance  program. \"That's a terrible thing and not acceptable.\"    All ofWest Virginia's 157 middle schools are using the video game. School officials hope that all public schools in the state will use the game within the next three years. However, officials emphasize that the game is not meant to _ physical education and health classes. The game will be part of physical education classes and after-school programs. \n Answer: Because it can help students get a better shape.",
            "output": [
                "Why do public school in West Virginiadevelop \"Dance Dance Revolution\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4def4e699db7443482b9f39a9486e4b1",
            "input": "Article: ECO-friendly technology was the hottest trend at the 39thTokyo Motor Show, which opened last Friday.     About 240 car manufacturers from 13 countries presented new models. Most were powered by hybrid ,fuel cell  and electrical systems. Carmakers are championing more environmentally models amid increasing oil prices and environmental concerns.    \"It's now carmakers' social responsibility to protect the environment,\" said Mazda president Hisakazu Imaki.     Seventy-nine cars and motorcycles are being presented to the public for the first time, according to the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association.    The organizing association said the biennial  show, due to end on November6,was sure to have a large impact on the automobile industry.     Manufacturers are currently competing in the shift from gasoline-run engines to hybrid, fuel cell or electricity-powered systems.     Mazda has a new sports vehicle, which runs on a hybrid electric-petrol system. It is also showing a gasoline-hydrogen run sports car.     A member of the Ford family, Mazda plans to market a hybrid version of the Tribute sport utility vehicle (SUV) next spring and enhance its co-operation with Ford in hybrid systems development. Honda's fuel cell sedan  on show uses a hydrogen-oxygen fuel. The system only sends water out its exhaust ,a better solution for the environment and less polluting than hybrids. \n Answer: prefix = st1 /TokyoShows Eco Cars",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7d46c49d2d8f4073a6bdb495781a1734",
            "input": "Article: The leftovers in the fridge smelled a little unusual, but you ate them. You were so hungry that you didn't even heat them up. Later, you started to feel sick. Powerful waves of pain rumbled through your stomach. They went away, but not for long, then you even threw up.    That sounds like the case of food poisoning. No one put poison in your food, but bacteria probably grew in the food in the fridge and those bacteria made you sick. Food poisoning can be mild and last just a short time or can be more serious.    Food poisoning comes from eating foods that contain germs like bad bacteria, which are poisonous substances. Bacteria are all around us, so mild cases of food poisoning are common. You may have had mild food poisoning with diarrhea and an upset stomach --- but your mom or dad just called it a stomach bug or stomach virus.    You might think the solution is to get rid of all the bacteria, but it isn't possible and you wouldn't want to do it, even if you could. Bacteria are all around us, including food, and sometimes they can be good for you. It's confusing, but one thing is for sure ---- You can, however, learn how to avoid those bad germs in food. Foods from animals, raw foods, and unwashed vegetables all can contain germs that cause food poisoning. The most likely source is food from animals, eggs, milk, and shellfish. To avoid food poisoning, people need to prepare, cook, and store foods properly. \n Answer: Eating foods which contain bad germs.",
            "output": [
                "What may mostly cause the food poisoning according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae34e63397c14cb8b7bbc3d6c2f02b3c",
            "input": "Article: The Americans believe that anybody can become President of the United States. In a recent Hollywood comedy , that is exactly what happens. Dave Kovic, played by Kevin Kline, is a kind-hearted man who runs a business that finds people jobs. He leads a typical  American way of life, except for one thing-he looks exactly like the President, Bill Mitchell. In fact, the only thing that makes him different from the nation's leader is that he is very nice! The president has started using look-alikes during some public appearances. Dave is offered a chance to \"serve his country\" by becoming _ . However, things go wrong. The President becomes very ill and Dave ends up acting as the President forever. Director Ivan Reitman, who made the popular and successful comedies like Twins, Ghostbusters and Legal Eagles, could have gone for easy laughs by making fun of the American government. Instead, Dave is an attractive comedy about an ordinary man in extraordinary situations. Kevin Kline gives a double performance as Dave and the President, and Sigourney Weaver is at her best as his First Lady. The love story that develops between her role and Dave is a real classic . The film is 100% American. However, if you've ever felt that anybody could do a better job running the country than the people in power, then you'll enjoy Dave! \n Answer: To introduce a new film to the reader.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af15293f52a74ce2914cd7dbf5ea9936",
            "input": "Article: What does the word iceberg make you think of ? Do you think of a large block of ice in a cold northern ocean? Or do you think of something that ships can crash into? While these are both correct, in truth there's far more to icebergs than meets the eye. According to scientists, only the largest blocks of ice count as icebergs. They must rise at least 5 meters above the water and be 15 meters wide at the water line. But only about 10 percent of an iceberg can be seen. The rest lie beneath the water. Icebergs begin froming when layers of snow fall year after year without melting. The snow is pressed together into large blocks of ice called glaciers. When chunks of ice break off these glaciers, icebergs are born. In Greenland alone, about 40,000 icebergs are formed each year. Since they began as snow, icebergs are made of fresh water, not salty ocean water. Tidy bubbles of air inside the ice give them their white color1. While most icebergs are white, some are blue because they have melted and frozen again. This action allows the air bubbles to escape. Other icebergs have brown, black or yellow parts because of dirt mixed with the ice. Algae   can also get trapped in the underwater parts of an iceberg. If the iceberg turns over, all or part of it is green! Icebergs can be flat, cube-shaped, round like a turtle shell or U-shaped. Some even look like mountains. The large underwater parts of icebergs are hard for ships to avoid. They have destroyed and sunk many ships, including the Titanic. As a result, the International Ice Patrol now monitors icebergs in areas with heavy ship traffic. But there's yet another side to icebergs. Many microscopic   animals live inside icebergs and in the water around them. These creatures feed on minerals that the icebergs store and release as they melt. Scientists are still studying all the ways icebergs affect sea life. \n Answer: To attract readers' interest in icebergs.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the passage begin with questions?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-893616b945ef415b835459baf4e3a7c5",
            "input": "Article: Elizabeth Bishop, who was famous for the poetry A Prodigal, Filling Station , Sandpiper, Manuelzinho and so on, was an influential  American poet of the 20th century. Her poetry often shows things that concerned her throughout her life, such as her search for a sense of home. Her troubled childhood and feelings of loneliness from this time affected her character and poetry. Bishop's painful childhood is apparent  in some of her poems. Her father died when she was eight months old and her mother was mad when she was five. Bishop was raised firstly by her mother's parents and then by her father's parents. This experience left her confused about belonging. She had no home and this was shown in her poetry. In \"A Prodigal\", when the character in the poem makes up his mind to go home, there is a sense of pessimism for Bishop who has no home. The lack of a sense of home has contributed to her depression  all her life. Bishop attempts  to make small, everyday experiences extraordinary in her poems such as \"Filling Station\" .In \"Filling Station \", Bishop describes the beautyof a family filling station. Although it is \"dirty\" there is order in it. Simple family life is celebrated in it. She recognizes the value of home and beauty in everyday life, but she is only an observer of these. Distance remains between her and the family at the filling station. Bishop's struggle to locate herself in the world is seen no more clearly than in \"sandpiper\". It deals with searching for something in a confusing world. She uses the metaphor  of the bird which is \"looking for something\". The \"something\" isn't specific . It seems as if the bird doesn't know what he wants; the only certain thing is that he is searching. Bishop's poems are personal on a more subtle  level, especially when her childhood, travels, etc, are taken into consideration. It is believed that Bishop is a complex poet who uses her poetry to find this feeling of belonging. \n Answer: She lived an unhappy life.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Elizabeth Bishop's childhood?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a5ad836f5fb489982576d50f1f115c7",
            "input": "Article: -American office workers spend an average of 52 hours a week at their desks, according to a statistic survey. Some might argue that not all that time is spent working,but still all those hours in windowless offices with artificial light can have an influence. A few green additions could have a large effect on worker happiness,according to the survey led by Tina Cade from Texas State University. \"We pretty much found out that if you had windows and plants or even if you just had plants in your office, you were more satisfied with your job,\" Cade told LiveScience. \"We thought it was important for offices because a lot of times people are looking for ways to keep employees happy and do all these expensive things like building a gym. Maybe for less investment they could put in a few plants in important places.\" The team surveyed 450 office workers in Texas and the Midwest,asking questions about job satisfaction and the work environments. When asked about their overall life quality,82 said they felt \"content\" or \"very happy\". Only 69 percent of those who work with plants but without windows,and 60 percent of those who have windows but no plants, said they felt this way. The group of people who work without plants or windows were  the most dissatisfied,with only 58 percent of them saying that overall they were \"content\" or \"very happy\". While no one who works with plants,windows,or both reported they felt \"miserable\", 0.8 percent of those who work in offices without either said they were \"miserable\". \"I was really surprised that having a plant in your office appeared to be more beneficial than having a window in your office,\" Cade said. \"Everybody says, 'I need a window!' but actually it seemed like a plant could be a suitable alternative.\" \n Answer: Green plants can increase job satisfaction.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-229608c4029746659aad0a96425bdbbc",
            "input": "Article: \"Your homework is to collect sounds and take them down,\" Mrs. Olson said before class was over. She handed out sheets of paper shaped like giant ears. On his way home, Colin glared out of the school-bus window. Not fair, he thought. How could he collect enough sounds on his family's farm? If only he lived in the town. He got off the bus when it stopped at his mailbox. But he wasn't in the mood to wave as it drove away. \"I'm home!\"Colin called when he pushed open the gate. He threw his schoolbag down on a kitchen chair. \"How was school?\" His mother asked, walking in with his baby brother on her shoulder. \"I've got homework,\" Colin complained. \"Eat something before _ \" His mother gave him the animal biscuits. Colin ate two tigers, three lions, and a seal, then drank some milk. Astrid, Colin's dog, woofed as Colin walked toward the barn .Her young dogs were yipping. Colin placed dog food into their pan. In the chicken house, Colin hurried two hens from their nests.He put their warm eggs into his jacket. The black cow napped in the sun. Colin woke her when he poured corn into her pan. \"Moo, thank you!\"she seemed to say. Colin put the eggs in the kitchen, then climbed to his tree house as usual. He could see Dad's beehives  by the field. Six hives usually meant plenty of humming noise. But today he couldn't hear it over the chattering sound of the sparrows,How could a person think? \"QUIET!\"Colin shouted. Suddenly, he sat up straight. Cows mooed and young dogs yipped. Chickens crackled in their yard. When Astrid began woofing below, Colin smiled broadly. \"I hear you!\"he called. He hurried down from the tree. \n Answer: Because collecting sounds would be easier.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Colin wish he lived in the town?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4af20c34f04e44f4bd28b217fee263e3",
            "input": "Article: I will never forget the day--- September 10th2009, when my class went on a field trip to the beach and I had so much fun.When we returned to school, my teacher told me to go to the headmaster's office.When I got into the office, I saw a police officer.Suddenly, I realized something was wrong.The police officer told me what had happened and we went to pick my sister up.After that, we went to the hospital and waiteD. Time went slowly.Finally, we got to see our mother.It was terrible. On the next day, the headmaster came and told my two teachers what had happeneD. I was taking a test that day.I knew it had something to do with my mother.I kept thinking that she either died or had gotten better.How I wished that she had gotten better.When my teacher took me outside, my sister ran up to me.She started crying, \"She's gone, Terresa, mommy's gone.She's deaD. \" I couldn't believe it.We jumped into the car and drove straight to the hospital.Most of my family were there.The silence was terrible.I knew I had to say goodbye. Today when I look back, I still miss my mother very much, but I know that I will live.My mother was a strong mother, who had the biggest heart.She was an angel walking on the earth.I will always remember her as a living.When someone is asked who their hero is, they usually say someone famous, like Michael Jordan or Britney Spears.When someone asks me who my hero is, I tell them, my mother.My mother lives everyday.That is what makes her a true hero. \n Answer: At home.",
            "output": [
                "Where was the writer when she learned her mother was sick?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6b1635cbd8e9476f817d3896c396efc1",
            "input": "Article: Hungry for the brightest students, many of the country's stronger universities are actively discounting tuition  .And it's the high achievers, rather than the needy students, who are getting a good chunk of the money.The practice is remarkably widespread, reaching almost all but the 30 or so Ivy and other top colleges that forbid good grades-based financial aid.Schools are also becoming more aggressive in raising their discounts.At the DePauw University Website, enter an SAT or ACT score, grade point average and class rank, and a computer program immediately tells you what kind of \"award\".Only \"the real unlucky\" pay full price any more. About 76% of first-year students got some form of discount this year at 331 private schools.Average award per student: $7,000.At small schools with tuition under about $20,000, the average discount is even higher, with some schools returning over half their tuition. Carnegie Mellon even tells students it will \"negotiate \" and perhaps match financial-aid packages if kids are offered bigger awards at other schools.Much as banks and insurers offer special rates to their best customers, schools are giving the biggest breaks to their top students.Public four-year colleges, too, are offering discounts. The flip side of big discounts is that less money is available to improve academic programs and keep school infrastructure   up to date.Universities that have sharply increased their tuition discount rates have seen graduation rates fall, and that's true even among highly selective schools.They get the students in the door, but don't have the services to keep them. \n Answer: Colleges should concentrate more on the services to keep the students",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f95722233d0144389affee5ac0152d93",
            "input": "Article: A great-grandfather has put up his Christmas tree for the 85thtime after his father first bought it from a toy shop. Douglas Hewitt, 85, has celebrated every Christmas with the artificial tree since he was born. His father bought the tree from a toy shop in Sheffield just months after Douglas was born. The four-foot tree remains the centre point of the Hewitt family household during every festive season. Mr. Hewitt, of South Anston, South Yorkshire, said, \"It reminds us of my childhood, our children's childhood and our grandchildren and great-grandchildren's after that. They all come and look at it and smile; it's become part of the furniture. If we didn't put that Christmas tree up, it wouldn't feel like Christmas.\" The tree was passed down to Mr. Hewitt when he married Mavis. Mrs. Hewitt said, \"Year after year we have just carried on using that one. You have to be a bit more careful with it now, as it's _ .\" Their daughter, June Murphy, also has fond memories of the Christmas tree. She said, \"It was in my grandparents' home and then it was given to us. It looks a little thin now, as each time you get it out something else falls off. It's become a bit of a family joke. Each year someone has to comment 'not again!' But it's a Christmas tradition of getting the tree out that we all love. We'd all be sad to see it go, as I think it would be hard to find such a loved replacement.\" Mr. Hewitt said, \"There were a lot more branches on it, and it's lost its feathers that were all along the edge. There were little candle holders on the ends and little legs on it, but unfortunately they've been lost over the years.\" \n Answer: He got it from his father.",
            "output": [
                "Where did Douglas Hewitt get the Christmas tree?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-43a359562cdf4a96b7bf22671ccaa2fb",
            "input": "Article: Isn't it astonishing how much time we spend talking about food? \"Have you ever eaten ...?\" \"What did you have for lunch?\" and so on. And yet when you travel from one country to another, you will find that people have quite different feelings about food. People often feel that what they eat is normal   and that what other people eat is strange or silly. In most parts of Asia, for example, no meal is complete without rice. In England, people eat potatoes every day. In the Middle East, bread is the main part of every meal. Eating like so many things we do, becomes a habit which is difficult to change. Americans like to drink a lot of orange juice and coffee. The English drink tea four or five times every day. Australians drink a great deal of beer, and the French drink wine every day. The sort of meat people like to eat also differs from one country to another. Horse meat is thought to be delicious in France. In Hong Kong, some people enjoy eating snakes. New Zealanders eat sheep, but they never eat goat meat. The Japanese don't like to eat sheep meat because of its smell, but they enjoy eating raw fish  . So it seems that although eating is a topic we can talk about for hours, there is very little common sense in what we say it. People everywhere enjoy eating what they have always eaten, and there is very little we can do to change our eating habits. \n Answer: In most parts of Asia, people usually have rice for meals.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-31af1b20253e4030bd0cfdb9547207fc",
            "input": "Article: Do you love the holidays, but hate the pounds that follow? You are not alone. Holidays are times for feasting and celebrating. Many people are worried about their weight. With proper planning, though, it is possible to keep normal weight during the holidays. Whether it is celebrating at the office party or sitting down for the traditional family dinner, regard eating as a time for tasting a variety of the foods. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don't have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. Here are some tips for preventing weight gain and keeping physical fitness: Don't skip meals. Before you leave home, have a small, low-fat meal or snack. This may help to avoid getting too excited before delicious foods. Control portions. Use a small plate (about 10 inches) and put aside the large ones that may encourage you to \"load up.\" You should be most comfortable eating an amount of food about the size of your fist. Once you have your \"tasting\" serving, move away from the buffet. Doing so will make it less tempting  to be eating constantly as your appetite   is inspired by the sight of food. Begin with soup and fruit or vegetables. Fill up beforehand on water-based soup and raw fruit or vegetables. Or drink a large glass of water before you eat to help you feel full.   Stick to physical activity. Don't let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off extra calories. Avoid high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy may have a large amount of fat. Choose lean meats. Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables. Use lemon juice instead of dressing or butter. \n Answer: You had better turn your attention away from delicious foods.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87749539c9304d888e9ae4d68ed00d77",
            "input": "Article: Whether it is Mozart or Miley, your choice of music could determine whether you will perform well at your job. A new study suggests that listening to music in the office improves the speed and accuracy of tasks such as data entry, proofreading and problem solving. In an officebased experiment, 88 per cent of participants were found to produce their most accurate work when listening to music. The study also found that 81 per cent completed their work fastest when music was played. And it matters what type of music you listen to. For instance, if you're doing your tax returns, then classical music is the most effective as it improves maths skills. Listening to Jessie J or Justin Bieber could also improve your speed, with 58 per cent of participants completing data entry tasks faster while listening to pop songs. During proofreading, dance music, such as David Guetta, had the biggest positive impact with participants increasing their speed by 20 per cent compared to tests undertaken with no music at all. Dance music also had a positive effect on spellchecking with a 75 per cent pass rate compared to 68 per cent when no music was played at all. The research, undertaken by Brightonbased Mindlab International, suggests that silent offices may be the least productive. The Music Works experiment revealed a positive correlation between music and productivity. Overall, it showed that when listening to music, nine out of ten people performed better, said Dr David Lewis, chairman of Mindlab International. \n Answer: The music of Mozart.",
            "output": [
                "Whose music can help you do maths homework according to the study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f3add53fe6f64dca911a91a4d77b4b37",
            "input": "Article: Many people have described television as a passive activity that is harmful to children's education. However, there are good and bad ways to watch television. Parents who are interested in exploiting television as a learning tool can actually turn time in front of TV into an educational chance. Probably the most familiar educational way to use television is to simply watch educational programs. In particular, this means selecting channels and programs specially designed for educational purposes. Along with traditional educational shows for children on public broadcasting channels, cable television   now offers kids and adults a wide variety of educational programs, with everything from nature shows to historical events in different countries. Captioning ,such as \"closed captioning\" for hearing disabled viewers provides another way for parents to exploit the educational possibilities of television.One study showed that children who watched captioned TV got great improvement in their vocabulary and oral reading ability. In addition, parents can make any show a learning class by watching television together with children. By actively joining children in the programs that they are watching, parents can help with the development of such skills as predicting and summarizing. In order to develop predicting skills, parents and children could first refer to a program's description in a viewing guide.After reading the program description and guessing what might happen in the program, parents and children could watch together to see which predictions were correct. And to practice summarizing, after watching a program, parents can turn off the TV and ask what the story was about. This kind of activity helps children develop thinking skills such as arranging events in an order and memorizing information. Although there will still be plenty of times when children watch TV simply for passive enjoyment, parents can help make at least part of their children's viewing time a more productive activity.Used intelligently by exploiting the learning chances available through various programs, television can play an instructive role in children's education. \n Answer: Watching shows for homework.",
            "output": [
                "Which activity is NOT suggested in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-821776e0141c4a6ba6bedb82a96e0a2c",
            "input": "Article: To some, it's a dream job---eating delicious meals for free and then writing about them. But _  Karen Fernau, a food writer for The Arisona Republic, said when she first started her job -she began to gain weight. \"I always looked forward to lunch before this job, then all of a sudden lunch was all day every day. \" she says. Nine years later, keeping her weight steady and her health intact  is a daily battle. If she knows she will be going to a tasting at a bakery or eating a four-course meal, she usually eats fruits or salads throughout the day. Now she is always keeping track of what's in the food she eats and she says most people don't even look at or consider it. At one tasting task alone, she says, upward of l,000 calories is often added to her day. That's about half of the recommended total calories per day for the average adult. But even though she's thought of a special eating method, Fernau says sticking to it is a daily battle. And food editors, writers and critics across the country couldn't agree more. \"When I'm at home or not eating for work, it's healthy food to the extreme,\" says Phil Vettel, who's been a restaurant critic for the Chicago Tribune for 19 years. Vettle, who eats dinner at four restaurants each week, says unlike most professions, he has no right to choose. \"If I'm going out to eat, I can't choose the healthiest thing on the menu, I have to eat when they're bringing me. \" While Vettel exercises when he can, Joe Yonan, a food editor at The Washington Post, has strengthened his exercise habits since he started the job two years ago. Yonan says he realized early on that he was gaining weight and immediately hired a personal trainer to meet with three times a week, on top of his body training three to five times a week. Still, it's a struggle that many Americans might envy. After all, it's one thing to get your calories from lobster  tails or a delicate chocolate cookie and quite another to get them from sodas and fast-food burgers. \n Answer: They enjoy free and delicious dishes and make comments on them.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the job of being a food critic?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ad599fd6c8342f8928a4fc65e3ae2e2",
            "input": "Article: When you consider what subject to study in college, chances are that you and your parents will think about what you can make out of _ after graduation. You will likely ask the question: \"Can I find a well-paid job or simply a job with a degree in this in the future?\" This consideration also influences students when they come to choose between studying science or humanities   at college. People generally believe that the humanities, which include literature ,  history, cultural studies and philosophy,  do not prepare students for a specific vocation  . Science subjects, however, are considered vocational courses that produce scientists, engineers and economists  . \"I've decided to take finance as my college major. My parents and I think this subject will help me get a good job or start a business,\" said Huachen Yueru, 17, a science student at Wuxi No. 1 High School. Even those who choose a liberal arts   education often pick the humanities subject which they think will best help them later find a job. \"I'm going to study Spanish in college, which I believe will open doors to a high-paying job for me,\" said Liu Chao, 18, a Senior 2 student at Dalian No 20 High School. He said few of his classmates show interest in subjects like philosophy and history, which are seen as \"less promising\" in job markets. The popularity of liberal arts subjects among college students has also been decreasing in the United States. American scholars   and universities are concerned that in the ongoing economic crisis   liberal arts subjects will be hit hardest. As money tightens  , they worry that the humanities may become \"a great luxury   that many cannot afford\", according to the New York Times. \n Answer: How much you can learn in the college.",
            "output": [
                "When you consider what to study in college, what does you and your parents usually think about ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df1bc5f4721f47ec8428fe225927d57b",
            "input": "Article: Computers have many uses today. Computers can solve difficult problems and control other machines. Many people use small computers called calculators to solve simple maths problems quickly. Scientists use large computers to solve many problems at the same time. You can play games with computers, and some computers can help you learn languages. The Kurzweil Reading Machine is a special kind of computer. It can read books for blind people. To use the Kurzweil machine, a blind person can simply open the book and put it down on the scanner . The machine \"reads\" the words on the page. When one page is finished, the blind person turns the page and puts the book on the scanner again. The Kurzweil machine can read in a normal voice or in a special fast voice.  _ can read words with small letters and large letters. Blind people like the Kurzweil machine because they can \"read\" anything with it: newspapers, magazines, books, even typed letters. Many libraries now have Kurzweil Machine for blind people to use. The Kurzweil machine can also help short-sighted children learn to read. \n Answer: The Kurzweil machine can help blind people and short-sighted children.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-01fef8e9500141ff9d624a97452128fc",
            "input": "Article: When I was six, my mother placed me in a boarding home. For the next nine years, I never slept in a room that contained less than 30 other kids in it. So, when I was promoted to senior at the high school for my final year there, I had the greatest pleasure of rooming with just one other classmate, and the added feature of a semi-private bathroom. We seniors also had the feature of walking around the campus in special hats, we called senior bonnets. So all the other kids would know we were the highest in the high school. As seniors, we frequently went on field trips outside the campus, including city museums, city hall, colleges and theatres. The highlight was a senior class trip to Washington, D.C., where we sat in on a session of Congress, visited the monument and many other government sites around the city. Another benefit of being seniors was that many of us on athletic and other extra-curricular teams were elected to high ranking for the year. I had the honor and pleasure of being chosen captain of our state championship swim team, while my roommate was voted president of the drama club. Graduation services were on a sunny day in June. Each of us had looked forward to this moment for ten years. Now we were going out on our own to complete freedom, and we should have been flooded with joy. However, to my surprise, I found myself crying, something I hadn't done for years. I noticed many of my classmates usually proud of their macho guy  attitudes, were also wiping away tears. We knew we would never be together again as we were on that graduation day. Our senior year ended with deep feelings of sadness for our loss, as well as joy for our emerging into a new world beyond the school campus. \n Answer: He would share a room with only one classmate.",
            "output": [
                "What made the author feel most pleasant after becoming a senior for his last year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8529b1d1093f4ad49f378936f7a2aeab",
            "input": "Article: A board game is a game played on a pre-marked surface or \"board\" according to a set of rules. Board games have been played in most cultures and societies throughout history. Do you think of yourself as a bit of an expert at board games like chess or Go? Maybe you're not quite as good as you think. New research from the University of Manchester and Oxford suggests complex games like these are impossible to learn fully. They may even be too complex for the human mind to understand. Researchers studied two-player games, to try and understand the strategies which people use to make decisions during the game. Some games with two players are simple, with only a small number of possible moves. Players can quickly work out the best strategy but that means the game soon becomes boring. It gets more interesting when there are many possible moves. That's why people are so fascinated by complex board games like chess or Go, or some card games. But what the researchers found was that with difficult games, players find it hard to work out the best strategy and their actions become less reasonable. This research is part of the field called game theory: the study of human strategic decision-making. Much thinking on how people play complex games is based on something called \"the balance point\", which is when players have a perfect knowledge of what they are going to do and of what their rivals are going to do. When you add more than two players then of course the game becomes even harder to understand. Trading on the stock market is an example of a complex multi-player game. \n Answer: Mahjong",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following games belongs to board games?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5859661dc0094586a127a4556e6d7744",
            "input": "Article: Winning the lottery   is not the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow for many past winners. Sad stories do exist in large numbers for the past lottery winners and that's why some financial experts say \"70 percent of lottery winners will squander away   winning within a few years.\" Some end up losing all within two years, family relationships destroyed or even worse. Wayne Schenk was an old soldier diagnosed with lung cancer. When he won a million dollars in a lottery he thought his troubles were over and he would get the advanced medical treatment that might save his life. But Lottery officials refused to pay him the total sum in a single payment and they said they could not make an exception to the regulations. When Schenk died in 2007, he'd only received one payment of $34,000. Another lottery winner, Billy Bob Harrell, Jr. killed himself two years after winning 31 million dollars in the Texas lottery in 1997.He'd spent large amounts of money and given large amounts away, but he didn't end me expected peace that should have come with the freedom of money. Other lottery winners have ended up in prison for crimes. Many suffer bankruptcy   after the big jackpot   is spent and given away, including some of the eight people who won the 365 million Powerball in 2006. The examples given paint a sad picture of what can happen if you win a big lottery jackpot, but fortunately, these examples don't tell the stories of all jackpot winners. \n Answer: They didn't want to disturb his peace.",
            "output": [
                "Why did lottery officials refuse to give Wayne Schenk the million dollars in one payment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8725a203c0a43dd8085da9f6cc08937",
            "input": "Article: The US government has started a website, Admongo, to help children think critically about the advertising aimed at them. It claims to provide visitors with an \"education\" through games and other amusement. A cartoon man dressed in old time pilot clothing greets visitors to Admongo. \"Call me Haiz\", he says upon arrival in a rocket ship that opens up with a crazy world inside it. Spacey dance music plays in the background as Haiz tells visitors that they need to learn about advertising. Its inventors say eight to twelve years old is the age kids develop their critical thinking abilities. Kids that age are also a big market for advertisers. The idea behind Admongo is to teach children three things: To _ the advertiser. To know what the advertiser is really saying. And to know what the advertisement is trying to get the child to do. Children learn these things through a video game. They create their own game character. They can choose different skin colors, hair styles, eye and mouth shapes. Then they begin a trip through ad-land, where there are ads on buses and billboards. The players have to find all the marketing in the neighborhood before they can move on to the next level. The Admongo game takes players inside a home, to the advertising studio and everywhere else ads can be found. It is a complete exploration of the world of marketing. One such area is food marketing. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) says it is a big business. The FTC estimates that food, drink and fast-food restaurants spent more than one and a half billion dollars on advertising to young people in 2010. The FTC says children are important for three reasons. They buy products. They influence parents and caregivers to buy. And they are the future adult buyers of the products. A recent study says most advertising aimed at children is for foods of the lowest nutritional value. First Lady Michelle Obama has said she would like to see advertisers marketing healthy foods for children. \n Answer: An education website for children",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-38f9f715f3954d7982e642f58e4c0590",
            "input": "Article: Lavender   is a beautiful yet tough plant that grows in heat and dust. It has narrow, hairy leaves and a plentiful supply of oils to protect it from drying out. It has been cherished by all cultures alike, not only for its fine smell but also its valuable medicinal properties   , since 3000 B.C. Lavenders are a small plant group containing about 50 different species Today, \"true\" lavender can be found growing wild in Italy, France, on the eastern coast of Spain and right into North Africa. It is also commonly found in cultivated form throughout the rest of Europe, as well as in India, China, Australia, the U.S.A. and other countries. Most lavender is cultivated at the latitudes of 40-45 degrees north and south of the equator. Lavenders is popular in part because it is so useful. Its essential oil is a very safe oil which can be used for first-aid as well as for a wide variety of common problems such as skin complaints, muscular pain and childhood illnesses. It is recognized for its antiseptic qualities, its ability to drive insects away, and its usefulness in washing. It is also one of the most popular oils for cosmetics and perfumes. Lavender is also known for flavouring teas, cocktails, desserts and cakes, and is often added to salt and pepper to create the very famous Herbes de Provence   spice mixture. Its colour and smell have also made lavender a garden favourite for centuries, Finally, dried lavender has long been used as a spice to scent homes and closets. \n Answer: its disadvantages",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about lavender does the text NOT mention?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c0050261b694261ae5e7d02434229f6",
            "input": "Article: June 5 is World Environment Day. This makes us pay more attention to our environment and the need to protect it. When Wang Boxuan, a Beijing high schoolboy, uses up his exercise books, he does not throw them away. Each one is stored at his school with hundreds of exercise books given by other students. Then they are sold to a Beijing paper making factory. The paper is recycled and used again by students and teachers in the school. At the same time, the money made from the sales goes towards schools in Inner Mongolia for planting trees and grass. This place is one of the sources of the sandstorms that often attack Beijing during springtime. Wang's school is one of the schools in the capital that take part in the \"Green Promise\" --environmental protection activity. So far, nearly 210,000 students have taken part in the activity, collecting more than 87 tons of waste paper. Students are eager to help make the capital a more pleasant place. \n Answer: Store and sell them.",
            "output": [
                "What do Wang Boxuan and his schoolmates do with the waste exercise books?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c7017773195f4800adfb282f47f59ea0",
            "input": "Article: Recently a couple in New Zealand were forbidden from naming their baby son 4 Real. Even though New Zealand has quite generous rules about naming children, names beginning with a number are not allowed. They decided to call him Superman instead. In many countries around the world, unusual names for children are becoming more popular, especially since the increasing trend for celebrities   to give their children  _ . In Britain, you can call a child almost anything you like--the only restrictions   on parents relates to offensive words such as swear (,) words. Some parents choose names which come from popular culture. For example, there have been six boys named Gandalf after the character in the Lord of the Rings novels and films. Equally, names related to sport are fairly common--since 1984, 36 children have been called Arsenal after the football team. Other parents like to make up manes, or combine names to make their own unique version, a method demonstrated by Jordan, the British model, who recently invented the name Tiaamii for her daughter by combining the names Thea and Amy (the two grandmothers). She was quoted as saying that the accent and double letters were added to make the name \"more exotic\". Other countries have much stricter rulers when it comes to naming children. Countries including Japan, Denmark, Spain, Germany and Argentina have an approved list of names from which parents must choose. In China, there are some rules about what you may call a child --- no foreign letters or symbols are allowed. As a result a couple were recently banned from calling their baby @. In Britain, some names which were previously thought of as old-fashioned have become more popular again, such as Maisie or Ella for a girl, or Alfie or Noah for a baby. But the most popular names are not the odd ones. The top names are fairly traditional -- Jack, Charlie and Thomas for boys and Grace, Ruby and Jessica for girls. \n Answer: Charlie",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following names is best accepted according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1b9e1794e3e84ff2a8c5ab948268019d",
            "input": "Article: Obviously! Until Descartes came along in the seventeenth century, everyone assumed that we exited. Obviously. The fact seemed so mind-blowing obvious that it wasn't really discussed. We could see ourselves in the mirror, we could feel pain and pleasure, we could think thoughts for ourselves and, more importantly, perhaps, all the world's main religions assumed that we do exist. So we exist. No you don't it! You don't exist. That's because it's impossible to show once and for all that you do. There's no proof. You might think you exist-that you are sitting at a table reading this book, for instance-but how could you show with 100 percent certainty that this is true? There's no experiment that could prove it. Although Descartes said just you could prove your own existence by the fact that you are able to think, this isn't actually, according to the British philosopher A. J. Ayer. Just because we know that we are thinking, this doesn't mean that there is a \"you\" doing the thinking. It just shows that the thoughts are happening, not that anyone is having them. Thoughts exists, \"You\" don't.  _ ! What a waste of time this question is. Although you can argue until the end of time whether you exist or not, it doesn't get you anywhere. Unless you forget about this unanswerable question, you'll be stuck thinking about it forever, and that isn't of any use to anyone. Move on. Think about something more important! This very roughly, is the view of almost all philosophers, who prefer to answer other, apparently more useful, questions. Yes, but... You exist, but not in the way you might think. According to the great French philosopher Ren Descartes, you can't show that anything exists--apart from your own self. The existence of the entire world can be doubted in one way or another, but the facts you're having thoughts shows that there might be something (that's you) having them. This let Descartes to write the famous philosophical phrase, \" I think before I am\". \n Answer: What a pointless question",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the missing heading?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5a8ad9d653084c498413e6b61897a6c4",
            "input": "Article: Children today spend less time outdoors than ever before and it may be harmful not only to their physical health, but also to their cognitive   development. A year-long study, recently published in the Sciences, found that elementary school children who were exposed to more green space within or directly outside their school showed improved learning and memory. The findings reinforce   that of a recent six-year study on 905 Massachusetts public elementary schools, which found that students in schools that had more \"greenness\" in their surroundings reported higher scores on standardized testing in English and math. \"There is an expanding body of scientific evidence linking the human experience in the natural world to better physical and mental health and improved cognitive abilities,\" journalist Richard Louv, co-founder of the Children & Nature Network, said in an email to The Huffington Post. \"An increasing number of homeschoolers, nature preschools, independent primary and secondary schools, and forward-thinking public schools are incorporating   nature experience into learning.\" The new study was conducted on more than 2,500 children in second, third and fourth grade at 36 primary schools in Barcelona, Spain. Researchers found that the students who attended schools with more green space showed a 5 percent improvement in the short-term memory that's critical for reasoning, learning and comprehension. But their inattentiveness decreased slightly. Spending time outside could have a number of benefits for children beyond improved memory and attention. Another recent study found that adventurous outdoor play such as climbing, rough and tumble   play, and exploring alone improves children's physical health while also help them develop creativity and social skills greatly. Some schools are starting to take notice, creating more space for children to enjoy being in nature, including community gardens, outdoor playgrounds and small parks. \n Answer: Students had higher scores on testing in English and math than before.",
            "output": [
                "What did the study lasting a year find?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0b898f78f954470eafb727a89a97b7ac",
            "input": "Article: Most people think that the capital of the movie world is Hollyhood, in the United States. However, the real movie capital is Mumbai, in India. Mumbai used to be known as Bombay, and so the film industry there is called \"Bollywood.\" Bollywood makes twice as many movies each year as Hollyhood--more than 800 films a year. The movies from Bollywood are very different from Hollywood movies. For one thing, Bollywood movies are much longer than most Hollywood movies. Most Bollywood movies are more than three hours long, and contain singing, dancing, action, adventure, mystery, and romance (but usually no kissing). Because Bollywood films contain so many different features, this style of film is sometimes called a \"masala\" film. (\"Masala\" is an Indian word for a mixture of spices.) Another big difference between Bollywood and Hollywood movies is the way movies are made. It takes much longer to make a movie in Hollywood than in Bollywood. In fact, filming may begin on a Bollywood movie before the script even finished. The director and writers can make up the story while the film is being made. Sometimes they will even write the script by hand instead of taking time to type it. Bollywood actors are very popular and some are in such high demand that they may work on several movies at the same time. They may even shoot scenes for several films on the same day using the same costumes and scenery. Since most Bollywood movies follow the same kind of story, shooting scenes for several films at the same time is not a big problem for actors or directors. This also helps keep the cost of Bollywood movies lower than the cost of Hollywood movies. The average Bollywood film, with a budget of only two million U.S. dollars, seems very cheap compared to the average budget of sixty million U.S. dollars for a Hollywood film--thirty times as much! \n Answer: the history of movie-making in India",
            "output": [
                "What is the main topic of the reading?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3df17fe5c79646a793fae2a54b9a6639",
            "input": "Article: Most city parks are places where you can escape from big, ugly structures of metal and stone. The Manhattan High Line is different. Raised 25 feet above the ground, this large metal structure once supported a rail line. The line opened in 1934 to bring trains directly into factories. It was hardly used after the 1960s, and much of it was torn down. However, one part remained in a region of Manhattan called Chelsea. Chelsea was becoming high-class as restaurants, art galleries and apartments were built, but the ugly railway structure remained as _ . Everyone knew that at some time, it would have to be removed. But the High Line was not destroyed. In fact, now the old rail line serves as one of the most peaceful places in the city. It holds an elevated  park, with beautiful gardens and great views of the city. The idea to turn the rail line into a park came from Joshua David and Robert Hammond. In 1999, they attended a meeting to decide how to deal with the High Line. David and Hammond were the only people at the meeting interested in saving the historical structure. Later on, when they asked railway officials to take them up to look at the High Line, they saw a mile and a half of wild flowers growing in the middle of the city, and they realized that the High Line had potential  to become a park. There was growing interest in improving city centers, and so the project quickly developed and money for construction was easily collected. The first section of the High Line opened in 2009 and immediately became popular with tourists and locals alike. Each part of the park has a different atmosphere. Some areas are like balconies  with wonderful city views. Where the rail line goes between buildings, trees are thickly planted. Other sections have wide lawns  and walkways planted with wild flowers. Only the final section remains the way it has been for the last fifty years. \n Answer: An unlikely place for a park.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-22dda86a40cc4ded9d32c840a90ebe81",
            "input": "Article: What's in name? Well, apparently, our general happiness. Psychologists say that what we are called has a direct connection with our happiness. Those called Judy and Joshua are the happiest, while Lynn or Ben is likely to be the unhappiest, according to research. Psychologist Dr David Holmes found that this can cause the association  that others make with the name. Hearing the name Judy may make them think of actress Judi Dench or TV presenter Judy Finnigan, and people who are considered good-natured and happy. On the other hand, people think Paulines are unhappy because of the character Pauline Fowler from the TV programme East Enders. The research claims that this association influences the person with the name and so their personality is shaped to fit in. Dr David Holmes said, \"This also has some relation with the original meaning of the name, for example, the original meaning of Judy is 'praised'.\" Certain names also work well in certain aspects of life. In the workplace Richard and Judy are the happiest, while those called Ruth and Carly are the happiest in relationships. At the other end of the scale the unhappiest workers are Stuart and Liz, with the unhappiest in relationships being Frank and Harriet. Dr Holmes said, \"The relation we have with certain names, particularly important namesakes  , also shapes how we see ourselves and so may have an effect on our confidence. Names are like product brands in having a powerful effect on attitudes and should therefore be chosen with care.\" \"Other names are connected with being brave, outgoing or serious. Therefore, many celebrities change their names to ones which reflect these characteristic. This, in turn, influences parents when they choose names for their babies,\" said Dr Holmes, \"while names connected with ordinary people are rarely chosen for their babies.\" \n Answer: The relation between names and happiness.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7d226ddbbe1e44be9b9a94d1d843089d",
            "input": "Article: My Left Foot (1989) Imagine being a prisoner of your own body, unable to make any movements except to move your left foot. The main character in My Left Foot, based on the real story of cerebral palsy   sufferer Christy Brown, can barely move his mouth to speak, but by controlling his left foot, he's able to express himself as an artist and poet. For his moving performance of Brown, Daniel Lewis won his first Academy Award for best actor. Shine (1996) Do you have a talent you're afraid to share with the world? David Helfgott seemed meant from childhood to be \"one of the truly great pianists,\" but the pressures of performing (and pleasing his father) resulted in a complete breakdown. Ten years in a mental institution didn't weaken Helfgott's musical gift: When  he was rediscovered, he was playing concertos in a bar. Shine received s even Oscar nominations  , and Geoffrey Rush won best actor for his performance of Helfgott.    Life Is Beautiful (1997) Nothing's more powerful than the love between a parent and a child. In this heartbreaking Italian film, a father (Roberto Benigni) makes an unbelievable sacrifice for his 4-year-old son: trapped in a Nazi concentration camp in 1945, the Jewish man convinces his boy that they are playing a complicated game. He manages to spare him the horror of the terrible war, and even in his final moments of life, keeps his son smiling and hopeful. Benigni won the best actor Oscar. Stand and Deliver (1988) Few people can inspire us more than a good teacher. Jaime Escalante (Edward James Olmos got Oscar nomination for best actor) is a great one. Employed at a high school where kids are expected to fail, Escalante challenges his math students to struggle for better things, like getting good grades in the AP exam. Despite the obstacles in their lives, the classmates accomplish their goals, thanks to Mr. Escalante's support. The real Jaime Escalante, the Best Teacher in America, says that Stand and Deliver is \" 90% truth, 10% drama.\" \n Answer: Life Is Beautiful.",
            "output": [
                "If you want to watch a movie about wars, which may be one of your choices?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a95ec8001d424101a569377d9d3ed356",
            "input": "Article: The Americans have been voted the world's \"funniest nationality\" ---the one \"best at making people laugh\" ---in a global poll  , which also names the Germans the \"least funny\" nationality and the British \"not as funny as they think\". 30,000 people across 15 countries were asked to name both the \"funniest\" and \"least funny\" nationality in a poll conducted by Badoo.com, the world's largest social network for meeting new people, with 119 million users worldwide. The Americans were voted the funniest nationality, ahead of the Spanish --- the funniest Europeans --- in second, Italians in third and British in seventh. The voting for the \"least funny\" nationality confirmed the view of America's Mark Twain that \"a German joke is no laughing matter\". The Germans won, ahead of the Russians and Turks. The stereotype of German humourlessness is believed to _ from their reputation for efficiency, punctuality and rationality . Examples of German jokes include: \"Yesterday, I met my friend Horst at the hospital. He'd swallowed a sponge. He says it doesn't hurt but he's always thirsty.\" \"When we meet someone new, one of the first things we notice is whether they make us laugh\", says Lloyd Price, Badoo's Marketing Director. \"America is a worthy poll winner\", says Price. \"It's the world's only comedy superpower.\" The British pride themselves on their humour but learn from the poll that they're not as funny as they think. They placed just seventh of 15 --- behind the Brazilians, French and Mexicans. \n Answer: Americans, Spanish, Italians, Brazilians, French",
            "output": [
                "According to the poll, which is the right order from the funniest nationality to the least funny one?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b9ea7a3ab92b4b2cb8083b044a2d7ae7",
            "input": "Article: ONE day my 5-year-old daughter, Mini, ran to the window crying: \"A Cabuliwallah  ! A Cabuliwallah!\" In the street below was a Cabuliwallah, passing slowly along. Mini called him loudly but when he looked at her she ran away scared. Shortly after this, the two became friends. They started to hang out together, laughing and talking. Mini's new friend would give her raisins   and almonds   , spending the little money he had on her. The two of them enjoyed joking together. The Cabuliwallah, who was called Rahmun, would say: \"Well, little one, when are you going to the father-in-law's house?\" Mini did not understand this and was puzzled. One morning, I heard uproar   in the street, and saw Rahmun being led away by the police. There were bloodstains on his clothes. I gathered that a neighbor had owed Rahmun money for a shawl   but had falsely denied having bought it, and that in the course of the quarrel Rahmun had struck him. On a charge of murderous assault  , Rahmun was sentenced to jail. Time passed, and he was not remembered. Mini grew up and we were making arrangements for her wedding. I was sitting in my study when someone entered. It was Rahmun, the Cabuliwallah, released from prison. Barely recognizable now, he asked to see Mini and said that all those years ago she had reminded him of his own daughter in Kabul. It was his belief that Mini was still the same. He had pictured her running to him calling \"Cabuliwallah!\". He had imagined that they would laugh and talk together. In fact, he had brought her, wrapped up in paper, a few almonds and grapes. The two were reunited but Mini had grown up. She now understood the meaning of the word \"father-in-law,\" and when he made this joke once more she flushed up   at the question. He could not revive   their old friendship. When Rahmun left, I gave him a bank note, saying: \"Go back to your own daughter, and may the happiness of your meeting bring good fortune to my child!\" Having made this present, I had to give up the electric lights and the military band I had intended for the wedding and the ladies in the house were disappointed. But to me the wedding feast was all the brighter for the thought that in a distant land a long-lost father met again with his child. Adapted from Tagore's   short novel The Cabuliwallah \n Answer: Though not understanding all Rahmun's jokes, Mini liked hanging out with him.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about Mini and Rahmun's friendship?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0cdc4214e08b4927942e8e6d9076979f",
            "input": "Article: Passwords are no safeguards Typing your password or credit card number into a computer is a moment's work. But if you think your personal details disappear as soon as you hit the Return key, think again: they can sit on the computer's hard disk for years waiting for a hacker to take them. As people spend more time on the web and hackers become more experienced, the dangers of storing personal information on computers are growing by the day, security experts say. There are some safe-guards, such as never allowing your computer to store your passwords. But even that in no guarantee of security. When you type in a password, it is stored in random access memory (RAM), where it is held temporarily until other data overwrites it or the computer is switched off. But every so often , the computer copies the contents of its RAM onto hard disk, where it is easy to prey  for a hacker, who can read it directly or design a worm to e-mail it back. The longer sensitive data stays in RAM, the more likely it is to be copied onto the disk, where it stays until it is overwritten-which might not happen for years. Tal Garfinkel and colleagues from Stanford University have created a software tool which simulates  the workings of a complete computer system. Within the simulation, sensitive data can be tagged and then tracked as it passes through the system. Next, Garfinkel and his team simulated computers running common software that regularly handles passwords or secret personal information, such as Internet Explorer, the Windows login script and Apache server software. In a paper to be presented, they conclude that the programs took no measures to limit the length of time the information is kept. Some of the tested software even copied the sensitive information, obviously without restraint . \n Answer: There are some safeguards for your personal information.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8d65c9d3cc5d40708653abeb0ade48b4",
            "input": "Article: There was simply too much news and too much information freely available on the net.But was it accurate? Whose opinion should we trust? A survey found that 60% of UK adults think it is worth paying for a \"good newspaper\", and most of those said they believed more of what they read in the paid-for newspapers. Here was something newspapers understood--here was what they could offer: news plus comment and opinion. And the Internet now offered opportunities.A newspaper was just that: news printed on paper.But the Internet now offered newspapers different places to print, and in different media. This may explain why the readership of newspapers online in the UK is very different from people who read printed newspapers. The most popular newspaper in the UK is The Sun and is also the most popular newspaper in the world.The \"mid--market\" audience mainly reads The Daily Mail.Of the \"quality\" newspapers, the most popular is the Daily Telegraph. Online, it's a different story.The most popular site is The Mail, which has 2.3 million \"browsers\" every day.And the next most popular site is The Guardian. \n Answer: The free news on the Internet makes people unwilling to buy newspapers.",
            "output": [
                "'Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b1ce1a7dc6d44b0d82d10e87028c5aee",
            "input": "Article: People used to think that wetlands were wasted land. Developers would drain them with ditches ,fill them in with tons of soil,and build houses,schools,and parking areas on them.Then scientists began to realize the important role wetlands played in the environment. Wetlands act like giant sponges  during storms.They soak up extra storm water and afterward release it slowly back into the water cycle.This helps prevent flooding. Towns where people have drained wetlands have found that in a big storm,their streets and homes are often flooded because there are no wetlands to soak up the excess water. Wetlands also act as giant filters where pollutants are absorbed and dissolved over time.Though wetlands can become polluted from dumping,wastewater,and fertilizer runoff from farm fields,they are able to process some pollutants over time because of all the microorganisms and plants living there. Wetlands are especially important for providing homes and breeding grounds to millions of birds,fish,and amphibians worldwide. Many wetlands have become national wildlife refuges ,where you can go to take pictures and look at birds and animals. The Everglades are a huge wetland that once covered more than four million acres of southern Florida. Sometimes called the \"river of grass\",the Everglades are a shallow sheet of water that slowly flowed across a grassy plain. In the late 1800s people began draining parts of the Everglades for development. Roads were built and towns sprang up.The Everglades shrank to half its original size. Cities like Miami grew up where once there was a thriving wetland. Sewage and waste from the cities were pumped into the remaining wetlands. Over time scientists began to see the importance of the Everglades. Even with its smaller size,the Everglades filtered the pollutants coming from the cities,absorbing the worst of it like a sewage treatment plant. During storms the Everglades protected the cities from storm surge flooding. They also are just a great place to visit and see wildlife. \n Answer: They absorb extra water from storms.",
            "output": [
                "Why can wetlands be compared to giant sponges?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1ddf9063ebb34b7e8e00f1294ac19d97",
            "input": "Article: Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world, but there have only been few players who were truly great. How did these players get that way---was it through training and practice, or are great players \"born, not made\"? First, these players came from places that have had famous stars in the past---players that a young boy can look up to and try to imitate. In the history of soccer, only seven countries have ever won the World Cup---three from South America and four from Western Europe. There has never been a great national team---or a really great player---from North America or from Asia. Second, these players have all had years of practice in the game. Alfredo Di Stefano was the son of a soccer player, as was Pele. Most players begin playing the game at the age of three or four. Finally, many great players come from the same kind of neighborhood---a poor, crowded area where a boy's dream is not to be a doctor, lawyer, or businessman, but to become a rich, famous athlete or entertainer. For example, Liverpool, which produced the Beatles, had one of the best English soccer teams in recent years. Pele practiced in the street with a \"ball\" made of rags. And George Best learned the _ that made him famous by bouncing the ball off a wall in the slums  of Belfast. All great players have a lot in common, but that doesn't explain why they are great. Hundreds of boys played in those Brazilian streets, but only one became Pele. The greatest players are born with some unique quality that sets them apart from all the others. \n Answer: Soccer is popular all over the world, but truly great players are few.",
            "output": [
                "According to the writer, which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b0d40af11a5473398cb4dfa0fc988f2",
            "input": "Article: Australia is largely a nation of immigration , with one in four of Australia's 21 million population born overseas. But immigrations hoping to become Australian citizens will soon have to take a test examining their knowledge of the country's history and institutions. While Australia prides itself on its multicultural background, the government wants newcomers to integrate  more  fully . Form later this year, new immigrants will have to show an understanding of the English language. They will also be required to answer 20 questions from a list of 200. Anyone who gives fewer than 12 correct responses will not be accepted. Immigrants will also have to accept what the government considers to be 10 important Australia values, including \"mateship\" and \"giving people a fair go\". Other important Australia values are said to include tolerance, compassion, gender equality and freedom of speech. The new citizenship application procedures are detailed in a 40-pages booklet . It describes Australia as \"a nation at ease with the world and  itself\" but says that newcomers are expected to respect its values. The booklet sums up mateship as voluntary helping and receiving help from others, especially in difficult times. The immigration Minister said they aimed to achieve a balance between ethnic diversity and social stability , \"particularly as we now draw people from so many different countries and so many different cultures\". Critics have attacked the English language requirement, pointing out many immigrants could not speak English when they arrived. But the minister said, \"We are trying to encourage people to learn English, because we think that is the way they will achieve their dreams in Australia.\" \n Answer: New immigrants will have to take a test",
            "output": [
                "What's new in Australia's immigration policy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b21ebc7f9c254c57a90bae2a3e7e857e",
            "input": "Article: On Saturday 17 September 2016, you may catch sight of hundreds of apes  running around the streets of London. They'll have been filming a new Planet of the Apes movie, you'll probably think. But in fact, when the starter's pistol sounds for the Great Gorilla Run next year, this highly popular event will have been raising money for thirteen years. People from all over the world will run, jog or walk 8km in gorilla costumes through the capital's streets, passing such iconic landmarks as The Tower of London and St Paul's Cathedral. By the time the last ape crosses the finishing line, the runners will have raised millions for endangered species and education projects in Central Africa. Unusual charity events such as these are a huge trend for raising money for worthwhile causes. If, however, you're looking to really like the idea of running through mud and freezing cold ice, then The Tough Mudder is perhaps what you've been searching for. In this difficult and tiring team event, participants finish a 10 to 12-mile barrier course that tests physical strength and mental courage. It's more about friendship than winning. Over 150 such events worldwide have raised PS5 million. But fundraising doesn't have to involve physical effort. Students at a school in Illinois played Justin Bieber's song 'Baby' over loudspeakers and urged fellow students to pay to stop the song. They needed to raise $1,000 in one week to achieve this. Beyond expectations, they exceeded  the goal within three days. Even teachers _  If you want to join the ranks of gorillas next September, you only have to pay PS60 to register. This includes the gorilla suit, which you can keep. If you take part, not only will you have been helping the gorillas and people who depend on their habitat, you'll never have to buy another set of fancy clothes again! \n Answer: To collect money for Central Africa",
            "output": [
                "What is the Great Gorilla Run held for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a7987aa371134c7cbb293036ecb27c81",
            "input": "Article: One morning, Tina and Wesley both wake up with sore throats and stuffy noses. They have the same symptoms, but they react very differently. While Tina reaches for water and vitamins, her husband, Wesley, reached for the phone. \"I'd better make a doctor's appointment,\" he says. Why do these two Chinese people react to sickness so differently? Tina grew up in the U.S. Wesley grew up in Taiwan. And they have discovered that differences between Chinese and American cultures extend   to every area of life. Even sickness and health. When Westerners experience pain, they usually express their discomfort. Most Asians don't. This creates a challenge for American nurses who care for Asian patients in the U.S. How do they know if that calm, quiet patient is really hurting? They have to keep asking their Asian patients how they feel. In addition, Americans usually don't want sickness to slow them down. Unlike Chinese people, Americans often don't take time off work to rest and get well. They'd rather sneeze and cough all day at the office. Americans who get sick in Asia may protest   when Chinese friends suggest they go to the hospital. \"I'm not that sick!\" they may say. In the U.S., only very sick or injured patients go to hospital. People go to a doctor's office for less serious problems. Like Tina, Americans more often turn to vitamins or over-the-counter drugs to help them get well.  Chinese people, however, often head straight for the doctor when they get sick, like Wesley did. They want a prescription   to treat their sickness before it gets serious. Chinese patients often just trust their doctors to give them the information they need. Most Americans, however, ask their doctors lots of questions and do research. American patients want to know everything they can about their condition. So, are one culture's attitudes toward health better than the other's? Perhaps not. Tina and Wesley will both recover from their colds. And today, doctors all over the world are sharing treatment methods with each other. In health, as in everything else, we can learn a lot from each other. \n Answer: Accept medical treatment.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following might a Chinese not do when he's ill?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5bc83c6c1a634f3aa4227910de4d623e",
            "input": "Article: Women, Race & Class Angela Y Davis PS7.99 Analysing the differences and similarities between the experiences of black and white women, Davis casts new light on the struggle for human rights. The Words to Say it (an autobiographical novel) Marie Cardinal translated by Pat Goodheart PS7.99 Marie Cardinal's groundbreaking book was the first and remains the complete book about the personal experience of psychoanalysis  . It reveals her traumatic  childhood and institutionalisation , followed by her escape to the cul-de-sac where her analyst lived. There, for many years, she made the journey towards recovery through Freudian psychoanalysis. A worldwide bestseller, translated into eighteen languages, it remains one of the most highly-praised books of our age. Jade Millie Murray PS4.99 Jade Wilson is smart, young, black and ambitious. And she's just been given the chance of a lifetime - a try-out for the Commonwealth Games swimming team. Jade lives with her mum, Jojo, a successful business woman. Jojo is overprotective of Jade, but she has her reasons. As a young model with a wonderful career ahead of her, she fell pregnant  with Jade, and, much as she loves her daughter, she's determined not to let anything get in the way of Jade's success. So when Jade starts dating Dicey, there is hell to pay. Will Jade survive her Mum's constant nagging  ? And what if she were to get pregnant - would she, could she, do the same as Jojo and give up her career? As things start hotting up with Dicey, Jade is faced with some very tough choices... . The book is very popular with people all over the world. \n Answer: It remains the complete book about personal experiences.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can prove the book The Words to Say it is very successful ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3ebec7d6f6cf43f9a335d37e2c93f98d",
            "input": "Article: As a first -year teacher at a Christian school ,I was expecting my fifth grade students to be prefect , perfect in behavior , in attitude , and I even expected the home-life of each student to be nearly perfect . I found , of course , that these students were not different from the children I taught in public school .These kids had behavior problems , bad attitudes ,and some even had strikingly difficult family lives . One of my students in particular stands out in my mind .I'll call him Timothy for safety's sake. During the first day of class , I noticed that Timothy was different .Not only in physical appearance , but he also spoke strangely , as though a 35-year-old man were trapped inside his tiny , weak body .On many occasions , I heard Timothy speak of hate, how he hated his family . I observed Timohy for several months and read up on his background and searched for any clue that would lead me closer to understanding this child's strange behavior .Finally I was directed to Timothy's older brother's cheating in an exam and had taken his anger out on Timothy at home .Timothy's parents , in turn , had contacted the school, blaming them for Timothy's problems. I had written a letter to the administration asking that Timothy see a counselor . The school was in the process of contacting a counselor when Timothy was transferred to another school. His father hurried around my room collecting Timothy's things and left. That is the last we have seen or heard from Timothy. I was left with an empty desk and a broken heart. I cried for days afterwards. I felt as though I had done Timothy a _ ...I did not help him when he needed me. I still think about Timothy every day, and pray for him every morning. \n Answer: He seemed to have deep emotional problems.",
            "output": [
                "What was wrong with Timothy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c5a9d6192b4142df91efe1c2fd2055ce",
            "input": "Article: Science Daily (May 1S, 2012) - People who rate themselves as having high emotional    intelligence (El) tend to overestimate   their ability to detect deception  in others.      This is the finding of a paper published in the journal Legal and Criminological Psychology on 18 May 2012. Professor Stephen Porter. director of the Centre for the Advancement of Psychological     Science and Law at University of British Columbia Canada along with colleagues Dr. Leanne Brinke and Alysha Baker used a standard questionnaire to measure the EI of 116 participants. These participants were then asked to view 20 videos from around the world of people     pleading   for the safe return of a missing family member. In half the videos the person     making the plea was responsible for the missing person's disappearance or murder. The participants were asked to judge whether the pleas were honest or deceptive say how much confidence they had in their judgments, report the clues   they had used to make those judgments and rate their emotional response to each plea. Professor Porter found that higher EI was associated with overconfidence in assessing the sincerity of the pleas and sympathetic feelings towards people in the videos who turned out to be responsible for the disappearance. Although EI, in general, was not associated with being better or worse at telling the difference between truths and lies. people with a higher ability to notice and express emotion (a component of EI) were not so good at spotting when people were telling lies. Professor Porter says: \"Taken together, these findings suggest findings features of emotional     intelligence and the decision-making processes _ lead to may nave the paradoxical   effect of weakening people's ability to detect deception.\" \"These findings are important because El is a well-accepted concept and is used in a variety of fields, including the workplace\" \n Answer: Those confident participants all made wrong judgments.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about the study and its findings?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a5c5e8f004194eedadb6c9029482a1f5",
            "input": "Article: I hate nosy   neighbors and it's very unlucky that I had one for myself. They moved in a couple of months back and although I never felt that they were a strange family, I've always hated the way they get \"too close\" to me, my house, my garden, and even my garbage cans. One day, my neighbors were mowing their lawn  . My garbage cans were near their lawn. For some strange reason, I found the wife looking through my garbage cans. I felt angry but since they were from a different culture, I thought that maybe it was \"normal\" from their ideas. That afternoon, the couple knocked on my front door. When I opened, they gave me a plastic bag. Inside were my old daily bills, credit cards and bank statements, and an old birthday card that my old uncle sent. They said that they were returning them to me because these documents contained very private information that may be used by others. I've heard it before. I asked them how those documents can be used by others and they started telling me their very own experience, which forced them to leave their home and move next door to us. The wife told me that she never destroyed the bills. They also had a \"nosy neighbor\" who looked through their garbage cans which they actually thought was pretty strange. Little did they know that this \"nosy neighbor\" was collecting their personal information from their rubbish. Then all their money was taken out from the bank by their neighbor. It was a very painful experience for all of them and they wanted to leave them all behind so they left. I was very thankful. They were not nosy neighbors. They simply didn't want us to experience the same thing that they did. \n Answer: His neighbor's wife was looking through his rubbish.",
            "output": [
                "What made the author angry?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c51615089ede46d59a0ea80fa9207d35",
            "input": "Article: Livescribe Echo Smartpen, $79.99 This pen not only records audio, but also records whatever the user writes and even draws. This translates to almost two hours of full audio, or 32000 pages of written text. When using a Livescribe notebook, a college or high school student can easily edit notes without the disturbance of a laptop or tablet. This is perfect for the classrooms that don't allow the use of electronics. Best of all, it allows users to quickly deliver their notes to a computer or laptop. Logitech Bluetooth Keyboard, $107.53 It is a great choice for those who own many different devices and want to use a keyboard over the ones that come with the device. It works on tablets, PCs and even smartphones. It offers four different settings for each device, so changing from one to the other is as easy as turning a knob  . It even has a cradle to hold a tablet at the perfect angle, so typing is much easier and faster. ILUV Syren Pro, $ 93.84 It is weather resistant and has a powerful sound engine that works in a full 360 degrees. This allows it to be used outdoors, next to pools and in other activities that are too risky to use other speakers. It offers Bluetooth support and works with iPhones, iPads and many other devices. With its top-mounted  controls and wireless capabilities, it can be operated remotely. Cobra JumPak $92.88 It can not only charge phones, but also do the same for most cars. It contains a built-in LED flashlight and a 7500mAh battery, as well as a USB port for charging phones. Best of all, it can be stored inside a backpack, so it is perfect for emergency situation and can even be stored in car console . \n Answer: Livescribe Echo Smartpen",
            "output": [
                "Which device will a high school student choose to use in the classrooms ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-08703d32355449b9bca0339af1a25a0b",
            "input": "Article: One morning there was a massage on the answering machine from an angry customer, complaining about her lack of service----service that had been stopped because her check had bounced.   As it is my job to handle payments received, it was my duty to collect the check. As is often the case when a check bounces, I soon found that this woman's phone number was no longer in service. A check of the caller L.D told us the call had come from the manager's office of the apartment building where our customer lived. We left a message with the manager and within the hour our call was returned. I told our customer gently, sympathetically that a check she had written had been returned for lack of funds. I told her I always want to let people know about returned checks quickly because the huge fees the bank charge can cause more checks to be returned and more fees to be charged. I told her I hope she could contact the bank and get things straightened out before her problem got worse. I also told her, gently once more, that I hated to add to her problem but she would owe us a fee because the bank charges us a fee when a check is returned.   She told me she had difficulties because of being on a fixed income and being in poor health. She told me she had no children but had raised several that belonged to her husband and after living with him thirty years he had left her for another woman.   Finally, after she had promised to pay, I told her not only do I care about her situation, but she taught me something. When a person is angry, there may be reasons you don't know about. If you don't react with anger, you may learn what the real problem is and may in some way be able to help, if only with a little sympathy. \n Answer: To charge for the fees",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author try to call the woman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d8a78f157a54b3e91c9332364348169",
            "input": "Article: US President Barack Obama visited the Badaling section of the Great Wall in Beijing on Nov. 18th, 2009. The Great Wall was the second sightseeing program for Obama during his visit to China. Built originally as the biggest defense work in ancient China, the Great Wall today has become one of the _ places for visiting foreign leaders to the country in the past sixty years. \" I'm inspired by the majesty  of the Great Wall and gratefu1 for the warmth of the Chinese people,\" Obama said after his half-hour tour. \"It's magical,\" Obama said when walking along the Great Wall, \"it reminds you of the sweep of history and our time here on earth is not that long. We better make the best of it.\" \"I brought back the admiration  for the Chinese civilization , I bring here the greetings of American people.\" Obama said when climbing a watchtower to enjoy a distant view at the Badaling section of the Great Wall. Obama is the fifth US president to visit the Great Wall. Richard Nixon visited the Great Wall in 1972, Ronald Reagan in 1984 and Bill Clinton in 1998, In 2002, former US President George W. Bush and his wife Laura toured the same sections Obama did. \n Answer: He visited the Badaling section of the Great Wall.",
            "output": [
                "What did Barack Obama do on November 18th, 2009?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3728d2859ec44d72a88ea3a7c9e7ffdd",
            "input": "Article: In America today, there are almost as many people making their living as bloggers as there are lawyers. Already more Americans are making their primary income from posting their opinions than Americans working as computer programmers or fire fighters The best studies we can find say we are a nation of over 20 million bloggers, with almost 2 million Americans getting paid by the word, the post, or the click - whether on their site or someone else's.  The Information Age has developed many new professions, but blogging could well be the one with the biggest effect on our culture.  What started as a discussion forum for politics and new technologies has now been used in health care, the arts, fashion and just about every other imaginable area of life. What started as a hobby for volunteers is becoming big business for newly appearing sites, for companies that now depend upon their reviews and for the people who work in this new industry. All this fits with the trend  toward Opinion TV. Less and less of our information flow is devoted to gathering facts, and more and more is going towards popularizing opinions. Twenty-four-hour news channels have been replaced by 24-hour opinion channels. Some bloggers even serve as \"spokesblogers\"-paid by advertisers to blog about the products. They are highly paid and they have to report long hours-50 to 60 hours a week. Bloggers make money if their consumers click the ads on their sites. Some sites even pay writers by the click, which is of course a system that encourages using shocking words or doing whatever it takes to get noticed. For now, bloggers say they are very happy in their work, reporting high job satisfaction. But what happens if they lose work? Are they considered journalists  under shield laws ? Is there someone to complain to about false blogs or hidden conflicts? There are more questions than answers about America's Newest Profession. \n Answer: More people are beginning to earn a living by blogging",
            "output": [
                "What's the latest profession trend in today's America?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d47455b07dbb4c46ae087471491b94f3",
            "input": "Article: If your family is thinking of getting a pet, consider adopting from an animal shelter. Animal shelters are full of dogs, cats, rabbits, and more animals, all in need of loving homes. Some may come with emotional or behavioral issues, but most are happy, healthy, and ready for a loving home. Here are some tips for you to find great animals. Make some decision. Think about what you want in a pet and remember that all pets have different personalities. Cats tend to be more independent and need less affection, but kittens need lots of attention. Cats don't need to be walked, but you need to clip their nails and play with them. Dogs need to be walked at the very least twice a day. However, they are usually great companions and love to spend time with their family. Visit the shelter. Set aside at least a few hours to visit shelters in your area--remember that you may need to visit more than one visit. Try to bring along everyone who will be living with a new pet. Ask the shelter staff lots of questions. And never adopt an animal because you feel sorry for it--be patient so you find a pet who is truly a good match for your family. Get everything ready. Buy all necessary supplies and food well before the animal comes home. Make sure that the entire household is in agreement about rules and responsibilities--will the dog be allowed on the couch? Who will clean the litter box? Put it in writing before the pet arrives. Bring your new friend home! You'll probably be excited when your new pet arrives, but be sure to give them space and time to get adjusted to a new home and a new family. The pet may act differently once they leave the shelter. Interact with your pet a lot and get them used to a routine, and soon you'll be one big happy family ! \n Answer: Think twice about the adoption.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the first important factor should be considered when adopting a pet?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ce04b1071fd49ecb3587917fd983ab3",
            "input": "Article: Steve Nash enjoys team success far more than personal success, and always wants to share the glory and the joy with teammates. He is a self-effacing   Canadian, who grew up in hockey country. Today Steve Nash has to stand alone even if he doesn't enjoy it. The Phoenix Sun's point guard has to take ownership of a set of skills that sets him apart from every bigger, faster basketball player. He is considered the best basketball player in the game. 31-year old Nash was named the Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the NBA on May 8, 2005. \"It's unbelievable,\" he said. \"It's been a long road for me and I really enjoy playing as a team, just trying to be a good teammate. That is the only way for me to highlight what I do as a basketball player.\" It is the first time a Canadian has won any individual NBA honor. Of the 50 winners of the MVP award, only six have been guards: Steve Nash, Magic Johnson, Oscar Robertson, Michael Jordan, Allen Iverson, and Bob Cousy. \"I'm happy for him getting the MVP, which makes us feel like we all got the MVP,\" said Phoenix forward Shawn Marion. He may be the only one who truly believes he can reach this level. \"I always try to set goals for myself and have my own time frame to accomplish them and I never give up on anything,\" he said. It is not as if Nash arrived at this point without countless hours of hard work. His interests go far beyond sports and the NBA. His social conscience is such that he wore a T-shirt bearing an anti-war slogan at the NBA all-star weekend festivities in Philadelphia in 2002. \"A lot of great moments are when you win games with your teammates. There's nothing like sharing something with someone else,\" he said. \"There is a pinnacle   of a player's career individually. In many ways, the pinnacle of a player's career really is defined by team wins.\" \n Answer: A player won't succeed without a team's support.",
            "output": [
                "What does Steve Nash mean by saying the last two sentences?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-882ebd93761849798592d8e3906c4abf",
            "input": "Article: A few years ago I was on a bicycle trip when I got off my bike for a rest. I sat down on the grass. A few seconds later, I was covered in ants. They were swarming all over me so I got up and brushed them off. It was a strange experience but I soon forgot about it. A couple of years later, I was living in Jordan. I had just moved into a modern flat and was unpacking plates when I saw something move out of the corner of my eye. I looked over at the kitchen drawer and there was a cockroach crawling out of it. I screamed. Then I grabbed a can of _ and sprayed it on the cockroach. He ran under the nearby bathroom door. It took me three days before I found the courage to open the bathroom door to see if he was still alive. He wasn't. Why did I react so violently to one lone insect when a closer encounter with hundreds of ants hardly affected me? The answer is easy: because cockroaches are creepy  crawlies and ants aren't. Creepy crawlies are those little bugs which cause feelings such as anxiety - they make your skin crawl. Did you know that some people feel such a fear of bugs that it becomes a phobia ? Psychologists have offered many explanations. Some say we associate them with dirt and disease. Or that these are life forms that are so alien to us, that we find them disgusting for their dissimilarity. Insects, however, don't follow our rules - they just do what they want and invade our space. Unfortunately, although insects and bugs have been a successful animal species up to now, many of them, like many other species nowadays, are under threat of dying out. Entomologistswarn that this could upset entire ecosystems and lead to all kinds of disastrous consequences. So my advice to you is: the next time you feel the urge to stamp on, splatter or spray a creepy crawly, give a thought to the planet and stop. \n Answer: Because the experience with the ants presents a sharp contrast to that with the cockroach later.",
            "output": [
                ".. Why did the author mention the ants in the beginning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1dfb1395b3aa4c72bfd2dd932af6906a",
            "input": "Article: First lady's campaign brings change WASHINGTON (AP) -- Wal-Mart  is putting special labels on some  products to help shoppers quickly notice healthier ones. Millions of schoolchildren are helping themselves to vegetables from salad bars in their lunchrooms, and kids' meals at Olive Garden and Red Lobster restaurants come with a side of fruit or vegetables and a glass of low-fat milk. These changes are taking place due to the campaign against childhood fatness, for which the first lady Michelle Obama began fighting three years ago.  Fatness has become a serious problem in the country. About one-third of U.S. children are overweight, which puts them at increased risk for any number of deadly illnesses, including high blood pressure and heart disease.  Still, Mrs. Obama faces challenge. Not everyone welcomes her effort. Some blame her for going too far and say she has no right to tell what people should and shouldn't eat. But nutrition supporters and others praise her for using her influence to help bring interests to the table. They said the first lady has raised public awareness about fatness, which will help decrease childhood fatness rates. There is evidence of small decrease in childhood fatness rates in some parts of the country. New York reported a 5.5 percent drop in fatness rates in kindergarteners through eighth-graders between the 2006-07 and 2010-11 school years. In Philadelphia, the drop was 4.7 percent among students in grades K-12. Fighting against children fatness is hard work, but it's well worth the effort. The first lady is planning a promotional tour. She has been talking up the campaign against childhood fatness on daytime and late-night TV shows and on the radio. She also plans discussions next week on Google and Twitter. \"We've been spending a lot of time educating and re-educating families and kids on how to eat, what to eat,\" the first lady said. \"We're starting to see some changes and we're starting to show some improvement.\" \n Answer: To reduce childhood fatness rate.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the campaign started by the first lady?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f259e3889da04782b018aa861eb9270d",
            "input": "Article: Sales of crime novel The Cuckoo's Calling have rocketed since its author Robert Galbraith was unmasked as JK Rowling, according to The Bookseller. It said 17,662 hardback copies were sold between 14 and 20 July, up from just 43 copies the previous week, according to Nielsen BookScan data. The Cuckoo's Calling was the week's bestselling hardback novel, despite some booksellers running out of stock. The Harry Potter author was identified in a newspaper article last week. On a website Rowling said 8,500 English language copies had been sold in all forms, including e-books, before her unmasking. The author added that she had received two offers from television production companies. \"The situation was becoming increasingly complicated, largely because Robert was doing rather better than we had expected him to,\" she said. \"But we all still hoped to keep the secret a little longer.  Robert's success during his first three months as a published writer (discounting sales made after I was found out) actually compares favourably with JK Rowling's success over the similar period of her career.\" However, the Bookseller reported the hardback had sold fewer than 500 copies in its three-month period on sale before the Sunday Times' expose. The recent sales were not enough to send The Cuckoo's Calling to the top spot in the official UK top 50, instead landing it in third place. The Rowling revelation coincided with the paperback release of The Casual Vacancy -- her first official post-Potter work--which sold 19,548 copies in the same week, making the book number two in the sales chart. Neither title managed to draw John Grisham's The Racketeer from the top of the chart, which shifted 24,222 copies -- a 19% drop on the previous week. Elsewhere on the Robert Galbraith website, Rowling has revealed the reason she chose her pen name. She said she picked Robert because US senator Robert F Kennedy was her \"hero\" and she had never used the name in one of her earlier books.  \"I can only hope all the real Robert Galbraiths out there will be as forgiving as the real Harry Potters have been,\" she wrote. A follow-up to The Cuckoo's Calling has been finished and should be published next year, the author added. \n Answer: Book sellers can't cover any expense for the running out of the stock.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about the sale of The Cuckoo's Calling?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5939023ca0274a068c0c916a475a8a3f",
            "input": "Article: At 26, Jane Goodall had no college education or science training. But since childhood, she had been dreaming of working closely with animals in Africa. \"All through my childhood people said you can't go to Africa. You're a girl.\" Goodall said. \"But my mother used to say, if you really want to, there's nothing you can't do.\" In 1957, the 26-year-old Goodall went to Kenya to work as a secretary. She also arranged to meet the famous scientist Louis Leakey, who was so impressed by her enthusiasm that he hired her as his assistant. She went with him on many trips to the African jungle and in 1960 Leakey sent Goodall to live among chimpanzees in a remote animal preserve, recording the animals' behavior and interactions. For three months Goodall made little progress. But she said, \"I never came close to giving up.\" Her breakthrough came one day when she saw a male chimpanzee stick a piece of grass into a termite   hill, then put the grass in his mouth. Afterward she came to the hill and did the same. Pulling the grass out, she discovered dozens of termites on it. The discovery -- that some animals use tools -- was unknown to most scientists at the time. Goodall saw chimpanzees exhibit human-like emotions, such as jealousy and love. But she also discovered they were capable of violent attacks against each other. Goodall received her Ph.D. in the study of animal behavior at England's Cambridge University. Now she travels around the globe raising money to preserve wildlife. \"I love being in the forest with the chimpanzees,\" she said. \"I'd much rather be there than traveling around from city to city.\" \n Answer: She dreamed of studying animals in Africa.",
            "output": [
                "What was Goodall's childhood dream?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-42a35aaf6ea94a78bed020406f7da24a",
            "input": "Article: Dear Sir, I am interested in your advertisement in the \"Arkadia Morning Mail\" for hostesses to be in charge of the welfare ,entertainment and guiding of British guests in your holiday centre in Ruusulinna. I am now a third-year student of English and History in the University of Gardenia but I am free from early June till late September.I have spent one year in London working in an English family and attending courses in English so I can speak this language fluently . My father has been a guide and I have often followed him and also myself acted as a guide to English-speaking groups.My studies and experience have made me familiar with many interesting places in my country.I am sociable,really interested in people and,at the same time,I am the one with common sense on whom people can depend. I put the address of the Manager of the local Tourist Information Office with the letter inside,who is ready to supply further information about me. If you are interested in my application ,I should be pleased with further information about these jobs,including the salary and general condition of employment. Yours faithfully, Polly Cosmos \n Answer: It's a company.",
            "output": [
                "What do you think the \"Arkadia Morning Mail\" is?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-590c047a254045e3941c393c3a81b712",
            "input": "Article: A cafe owner has defended her decision to pen a Facebook post (an Internet message to be discussed) stating \"No, we are not child-friendly,\" saying it breaks her heart when children damage her possessions. On Monday, the Little French Cafe in Newcastle, Australia, posted an announcement on their Facebook page: \"Are we child-friendly? If you are looking for a cafe with a children' s menu, a play area, lounges for your children to jump on, vast space for your baby carriages, an area for your children to run around, and annoy other customers, while you are unaware of them--then the short answer is 'No, we are not child-friendly.' However, if you would like to bring your children here and they are happy to sit at a table with you and behave properly, please come in. Otherwise, there are plenty of places that are specifically designed to entertain your children.\" The post has since been deleted. Some Facebook users called the post \"arrogant  \" and an \"attack on parents,\" The Newcastle Herald reports. The cafe owner responded with this statement: \"I built the cafe myself. It has my blood, sweat and plenty of tears in it.\" The post came about after the cafe owner was asked by a customer, who had left a one-star review on the cafe's business page, about whether the cafe was child-friendly. Ms Kotz told news.com.au she wrote the bad review because she felt staff reacted negatively towards children at the cafe. The cafe owner said it broke a piece of her heart every time when she was watching children emptying salt and pepper shakers into her fireplaces, parents changing nappies   on her lounges, or kids throwing their own food onto her carpet. Although the cafe's policy has attracted a lot of criticism, most people who commented on the Little French Cafe's Facebook page stood by the owner. One woman named Lesley wrote, \"I don't think there was anything wrong with what you said by any means. If parents want to take their children to your cafe, they need to be responsible for their behavior.\" \n Answer: An Australian cafe's policy on children.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-86ff2335719f4515bd126c07298f02dc",
            "input": "Article: Wang Weiguo, an award-winning actor of the National Theatre Company of China, was wandering through Bejing's Panjiayuan Flea Market when he found a treasure, 20 exquisite   picture frames . He bought them all. Inside the frames was a woman's life story. There were pictures of her as a baby and a growing child and pictures with her parents. Wang Weiguo was sure someone had lost them. He contacted the police and media. He showed them to friends and to people living outside China. No one recognized the people in the photographs. That was 1999. Wang never gave up the search. In 2010 he told the story to a TV host, Zhang Zequn, who suggested he contact China Radio International. Within three months of the story's being posted on CRI, someone recognized Julie Ege in one of the photographs. The wonderful Norwegian actress and model was the mother of the child whose growing years the photos traced. The child was Joanna Syson. She moved to Beijing in the 1990s to study Chinese. In 1999 she returned to Norway for six months, entrusting   all her belongings, including the photographs, to a friend. When she returned, the friend was gone. So were her belongings. She was heartbroken. More than a decade passed. Then, thanks to the story posted on CRI and to a visitor to the website, the trail   finally led to Joanna Syson. She traveled to Bejing to meet Wang Weiguo, who had searched for her for 12 years, and to recover her treasured photographs. \n Answer: Sensitive and honest.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can best describe Wang Weiguo?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9c9929531d945d19168b06ea2875a82",
            "input": "Article: DEAR AMY: Last year I got a full-time job as a baby-sitter for a wonderful family with two amazing kids. They have come to treat me as one of their own. But my boyfriend and I are attempting to save much more money for the life we want to build, including marriage, a house and kids. Much as I love my \"babies,\" I'm looking forward to beginning a challenging career in a big company. Should I tell the family that I am looking for a new job? I don't want to find one that requires me to begin work immediately, leaving them without child care, but I also don't want them to assume that I'm leaving right away. Up-in-the-Air Au Pair DEAR AU PAIR: Whatever your arrangement, it is reasonable for them to expect you to be honest and _ They see that you are making changes in your life, and surely they will also understand your desire to advance in a career. Tell them frankly and they should be happy to employ you as long as you are available. Amy DEAR AMY: I am a freshman in a high school. Last summer my best friend was diagnosed with skin cancer. It isn't very serious, but she seems to be becoming more and more depressed. How can I help her be happy again? Best Friend DEAR FRIEND: Your best role is to prop up and encourage your friend when she seems down, and to be supportive and kind to her. You're doing a great job with that, and your friend is lucky to have you in her life. Amy \n Answer: Entertainment",
            "output": [
                "In which column of a newspaper can we probably find the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-77701ac7c8e74b32a649cab062059c1a",
            "input": "Article: One evening last fall, while Marcos Ugarte did his homework and his father, Eduardo, a teacher, prepared lesson plans, they heard shouting outside. Eduardo, 47, and Marcos, 15, stepped onto the balcony  of their two-story home. Immediately, Marcos' s eye was caught by a flame from one of their neighbors' houses. \"Dad, the house is on fire!\" Marcos cried. Dressed only in shorts, the barefoot teen dashed towards the Mas' home with his dad. Grandmother Yim Ma, mother Suzanne Ma, and son Nathan Ma were gathered on the front grassland shouting for help. When the Ugartes got there, they saw through the open front door that father Alex Ma was falling down the stairs, coughing, his face black with dirt. \"Is anyone else in the house?\" Eduardo asked. \"My son!\" Alex managed to say, pointing to the second floor. Eduardo started up the stairs, but thick, black smoke, swirling ash, and extreme heatforced him to his knees. He inched upstairs and down the hall where Alex said he would find Cody, eight, who had locked himself in a bedroom. \"I'd never seen smoke like that,\" says Eduardo. \"My glasses immediately turned black from the ash.\" As the fire spread across the hall, Eduardo banged on the bedroom door and tried to turn the handle. But Cody didn't respond, and Eduardo made his way back downstairs. At the same time, Marcos saw Yim and Suzanne pulling an aluminum  ladder out of the garage. \"Cody was standing at the window, screaming for help,\" says Marcos. \"I knew I had to do something.\" He grabbed the ladder, positioned it near the window, and climbed towards the boy. When Marcos reached the window, he pushed the screen into the room and persuaded Cody out. \"It's OK,\" Marcos told him. \"I've got you.\" Holding Cody with one arm, Marcos moved down the ladder. Halfway down, he handed the boy to a neighbor. The day after the fire, Alex visited Marcos. \"Thank you for saving my son,\" Alex said. \"You are his hero forever.\" \n Answer: How a barefoot teen saved his neighbor.",
            "output": [
                "What's the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7897fc8ceea24bec814bcb38aa6aaec2",
            "input": "Article: In this day and age when we have a tendency to toss toys that are even slightly worn, it is tough to believe that there is a \"hospital\" where dolls can be repaired and brought back to their original glory. What is even more amazing is that such a place has existed for a century and is still going strong. Welcome to Sydney's \"original Doll Hospital\" that celebrated its l00th birthday, on February 22nd, 2013. In 1913, a general store owner in Sydney began importing dolls. However, the rubber bands  that held them together would often break. Luckily for him, his brother Harold Chapman Sr., was a good handyman and set aside a little \"hospital\" area in the store to repair the delicate toys. But when customers found out about this, they began bringing in their raggedy dolls, stuffed animals and even leather goods and umbrellas--starting what would become a family business for many generations. In l930, Chapman's son also, named Harold, relocated the doll hospital and expanded the business even further, by agreeing to repair anything that could be fixed, no matter how big or small. While business was _ , the real boom came in 1938 during World War Two. Faced with extreme restrictions, new dolls and toys became a rarity, and young girls and boys had no option, but to get their existing ones lovingly restored. While it does not have as many employees today, the hospital that is run by his son Geoff  Chapman now sits in a spiffy location with a beautiful store-front that features everything a little girl could possibly wish for, from new to lovingly restored, to even extremely rare and valuable  dolls. Also in keeping with modern times and dolls, the doctors are now specialists--some focus on bringing back to life modern dolls, while others stick to antiques. And then there are also the soft toy experts and accessory repair experts. Though it may not appear to be, the doctors say their jobs are very interesting given that no two dolls are the same or need the same repairs and that just like medical doctors they have no idea what obstacle they will have to face when they come to work each day. The one advantage? There are no emergency night calls to worry about! \n Answer: There are different experts who   specialize in different types of toys.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about people working in the toy repairing hospital?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bcb8a290192845dba0db2459f21e723d",
            "input": "Article: People use their mouths for many things.They eat,talk,shout and sing.They smile and they kiss.In the English language,there are many expressions using the word \"mouth\". For example,if you say bad things about a person,the person might protest  and say \"Do not bad mouth me.\" Sometimes,people say something to a friend or family member that they later regret because it hurts that person.Or they tell the person something they were not supposed to tell.The speaker might say,\"I really put my foot in my mouth this time.\" If this should happen,the speaker might feel down in the mouth.In other words,he might feel sad for saying the wrong thing. Another situation is when someone falsely claims another person said something.The other person might protest,\"I did not say that.Do not put words in my mouth.\" Some people have lots of money because they were born into a very rich family.There is an expression for this,too.You might say such a person,\"was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.\" This rich person is the opposite of a person who lives from hand to mouth.This person is very poor and only has enough money for the most important things in life,like food. Parents might sometimes keep a child off sweet food as a form of punishment for saying bad things.For example,if a child says things she should not say to her parents,she might be described as a mouthy child.The parents might even tell the child to stop mouthing off. But enough of all this talk.I have been running my mouth long enough. \n Answer: I really put my foot in my mouth this time.",
            "output": [
                "What will the person say if he feels sorry for what he has said?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f7979c7a035747d9b8f0504661d53aec",
            "input": "Article: When JetBlue captain Clayton Osbon became unpredictable, his co-pilot invented a reason for him to go back into the cabin.Once the captain was out of the cockpit   , the co-pilot locked the door to keep the captain from returning.Passengers, some with law enforcement experience, calmed the captain.The flight changed course to Amarillo, Texas where the captain was hospitalized. Incidents in which a pilot has had an in-flight psychological breakdown are rare.But how could it happen at all? Though pilots are required to have an examination at least once a year by a physician approved by the FAA, there are no formal procedures in place to test pilots for signs of psychological problems. At most airlines, pilots are members of a union.A pilot who appears to have a psychological or an alcohol problem can be reported to a union member whose job it is to investigate.If there is a problem, the pilot is given the choice of getting treatment or being reported to management.But at airlines, such as Allegiant, JetBlue, and Virgin American where there is no union, pilots are - to say the least - unwilling to report a fellow pilot to management. In most professions, a person experiencing emotional difficulties is free to consult a doctor.Rut an airline pilot in therapy is viewed with suspicion both by the airline and by the FAA.No pilot wants to be put under extra examination by an agency that has the power to _ their license or end their employment.That being the case, pilots are less likely than people in other professions to seek help. There may be no way to make sure this never happens again, but its possibility can be reduced. Tests such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ( MMPI) can reliably detect depression, paranoia, schizophrenia, and other problems.The FAA could require pilots to take the MMPI or a similar test on a periodic basis.Whether such testing becomes required will depend upon the public's response to this incident and whether additional incidents take place. Flying is remarkably safe.But incidents such as this cause concern. \n Answer: Because they might be fired.",
            "output": [
                "Why are some pilots unwilling to report a fellow pilot to management?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f167a7fe7ce74b6c806dfe716df064da",
            "input": "Article: You may know your mother, but how well do you really know Mothers' Day? Cards, flowers, sales, TV specials, and a day off for someone who really deserves it -- those are what probably come to mind for many people when they think of Mothers' Day. But there's more to the story. The earliest Mothers' Day celebrations were held during spring in ancient Greece.  The celebrations honored Rhea, the mother of the gods. During the 1600's, England celebrated a day called Mothering Sunday. On this day even servants   were given the day off to spend with their families. A mothering cake was even served with the family meal. In the US, Mothers' Day began in 1872 when Julia Ward Howe, who wrote the words to the famous song The Battle Hymn of the Republic, suggested it as a day devoted to peace. But it didn't really become popular until 1907 when Anna Jarvis started a campaign to honor mothers. She believed that mothers could help people get over the pain they experienced during the Civil War. The US isn't alone in devoting a day to mothers. Many other countries including Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, Japan, and Belgium also honor their mothers in May. Other countries honor their mothers at different times of the year. Learning more about Mothers' Day and celebrating Mothers' Day are important, but probably not as important as understanding what your own mother, or grandmother, or aunt has really done for you. And that will certainly be appreciated more than one day in year. \n Answer: In ancient Greece.",
            "output": [
                "Where was the earliest Mothers' Day celebrated?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1dd5a1bcb8094047acdc9e485da404ca",
            "input": "Article: ATLANTA, Georgia--- Alternative medicine --- including yoga, meditation, herbs and the Atkins diet ---appears to be growing in popularity in the United States, perhaps because of dissatisfaction with conventional care, the government said Thursday.     More than a third of American adults used such practices in 2002, according to the government survey of 31,000 people, the largest study on non-conventional medical approaches in the United States.If prayer is included, about 62 percent of U.S.adults used some form of alternative medicine.     The results seem to indicate more people are turning to alternative medicine, though the 2002 survey could not be directly compared to previous studies because of differences in size and survey methods, health officials said.     The top alternative therapies included prayer (43 percent of adults) , natural products(19 percent), meditation(8 percent)and diets such as Atkins, Ornish, or the Zone (4 percent).More people also are using natural products such as herbs or enzymes to treat chronic or recurring pain , said Richard Nahin of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, part of the National Institutes of Health.     \"Many conditions are not easily treated with conventional medicine,\" Nahin sad. \"It may be the public that is turning to complementary and alternative medicine because it's not getting relief from conventional medicine.\"      But people should not be turning away from conventional treatments that are proven safe, said Dr.Stephen Straus, director of the alternative medicine center. \"People are making individual decisions to neglect those therapies and we have concerns about those choices,\" he said.     Health officials said they were concerned that 13 percent of those surveyed said they turned to alternative medicine because regular medicine is too expensive.      \"It needs to be explored ---we need to find out whether they were insured or not\" Nahin said. Health officials also were surprised that 6.6 percent of those surveyed used the supplement kava , which has been associated with liver disease.     \"People make the assumption that because something is natural that it's safe\" Nahin said.    \"But a number of studies have shown that natural products can be unsafe when used inappropriately or with other drugs.\" He said people considering using alternative medicine should consult their doctor first. \n Answer: Alternative medicine becomes more popular",
            "output": [
                "Which can be used as the proper title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f76f60f0c4dc47a79c18de23f2fe8c7d",
            "input": "Article: The rising costs of health care have become a problem for many countries in the world. To deal with this problem, it is recommended that a big part of the government's health budget be used for health education and disease prevention instead of treatment. Actually, many kinds of diseases are preventable in many ways and preventing a disease is usually much cheaper than treating it. For example, people could avoid catching a cold if they dressed warmly when the weather starts getting cold. But many people get sick because they fail to do so, and have to spend money seeing a doctor. Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming _ if the patients had taken measures for early prevention. For instance, keeping a balanced diet, such as not consuming too much animal fat and insuring a steady intake of vegetables and frits, seems to be quite important. One very effective and costless way of prevention is regular exercise, which is necessary for a healthy mind and body. Regular exercise, such as running, walking, and playing sports is a good way to make people feel better and reduce stress. In addition, health education plays a key role in improving people's health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it. For example, knowing one's family medical history is an effective way to help keep healthy. Information about health problem among close relatives will make them aware of what they should do to prevent certain diseases through lifestyle changes, Which will work before it is too late. However, stressing disease prevention does not mean medical treatment is unimportant. After all, prevention and treatment are just two different means toward the same effect. In conclusion, we could save money on health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education. \n Answer: Prevention or Treatment?",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-136950468e724c9ca0678761714f1eb1",
            "input": "Article: Washington, November 1, 2012  (CNN) -- After years of planning and months of campaigning , the most expensive presidential race in history comes down to a final five-day whirlwind of speeches and television ads in the eight states still up for grabs. President Barack Obama and Republican challenger Mitt Romney plan to hold virtually nonstop events between now and the Tuesday election considered too close to call. The focus is on battleground states worth 95 of the 270 electoral votes needed to win. Both sides are trying to close the deal with a decreasing number of uncommitted  voters, while making sure supporters actually cast ballots. That means a game of campaign chess that started Thursday, with appearances by the candidates  and their assistants as well as advertising dollars allocated to the places considered most vital to success. Concluding a race expected to cost more than $6 billion overall, Obama and Romney and their running mates will hit all the battleground states -- Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Ohio, New Hampshire, Nevada, Virginia and Wisconsin. The campaigns also are unloading a blast of television ads and mailings that threaten to overwhelm voters already saturated with politicking. Perhaps no one said it better than 4-year-old Abigael Evans of Fort Collins, Colorado, who -- according to NPR -- cried after listening to more election coverage on the radio and told her mother, 'I'm tired of Barack Obama and Mitt Romney.' \n Answer: To win over the voters who have not decide which candidate to vote for.",
            "output": [
                "What is the focus of the last-5 -day campaigns for both presidential candidates?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e3210cfe38644cefb69e5281f3842f10",
            "input": "Article: There are various reasons why cancers appear to be on the increase. For one thing, though their sufferers are to be found in all age groups, cancers are particularly likely to attack persons in their middle and advanced years. Naturally, since people live longer these years, there are more cancer sufferers than before. Again, with better methods of diagnosis  , doctors can more easily recognize cancerous growths that would formerly have passed unnoticed or that would have been wrongly diagnosed. It is also believed that certain habits and conditions of modern living, including heavy smoking and the pollution of the air, may leave people living in more cancer-causing conditions than before. We all look forward to the day when a simple medical test can find cancer while it is still small. Researchers around the world are working on _ . Most of their work deals with the examination of the blood. Researchers in Boston have found something in the blood of cancer patients that does not appear in healthy persons. The test showed which persons had cancer and which did not. It was correct more than 90 percent of the time. The researchers believe the test may be able to show cancer very clearly in its development. Cancers discovered early usually can be treated successfully. The test examines very small bits of fat in the blood called lipids  . Cancers seem to change lipids although doctors do not know why. The test showed differences between the lipids of the persons with cancer and the lipids of those without cancer. The researchers say the new test could be a step to develop a simple way to check patients for cancer before the disease shows on an X-ray. \n Answer: The middle age and the older.",
            "output": [
                "Who will fail cancer from the study of the researchers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-40826356895d4fd8b03639a605b27211",
            "input": "Article: Scientists at Harvard University and Bates College find female chimpanzees   appear to treat sticks as dolls, carrying them around until they have children of their own. Young males engage in such behavior much less frequently. The new work by Sonya M. Kahlenberg and Richard W. Wrangham, described this week in the journal Current Biology, provides the first evidence of a wild nonhuman species playing with dolls, as well as the first known sex difference in a wild animal's choice of playthings. The two researchers say their work adds to a growing body of evidence that human children are probably born with their own ideas of how they want to behave, rather than simply mirroring other girls who play with dolls and boys who play with trucks. Doll play among humans could have its origins in object--carrying by earlier apes  , they say, suggesting that toy selection is probably not due entirely to socialization. \"In humans, there are obvious sex differences in children's toy play, and these are remarkably similar across cultures,\" says Kahlenberg. \"While socialization by elders and peers has been the primary explanation, our work suggests that biology may also have an important role to play in activity preferences.\" In 14 years of data on chimpanzee behavior at the Kibale National Park in Uganda, Kahlenberg and Wrangham counted more than 100 examples of stickcarrying. Some young chimpanzees carried sticks into the nest to sleep with them and on one occasion built a separate nest for the stick. \"We have seen juveniles occasionally carrying sticks for many years, and because they sometimes treated them rather like dolls, we wanted to know if in general this behavior tended to represent something like playing with dolls,\" says Wrangham, a Professor at Harvard. \"If the doll hypothesis   was right, we thought that females should carry sticks more than males do, and that the chimpanzees should stop carrying sticks when they had their first child. We have now watched enough young chimpanzees to prove both points.\" \n Answer: She treats them as dolls.",
            "output": [
                "What does a female chimpanzee do with sticks?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4b0c52a5a0bf4b06abd98be3ac3ccc66",
            "input": "Article: Nowadays people are troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media. Movies, television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask what's wrong with a society that presents videos of violence as entertainment. Viewing large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals. The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality . Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement: \"At this time, well over 1,000 studies... point to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children.\" Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disputed the number of studies (most were review articles and essays, they said). When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression. And when he weeded out \"the most doubtful measures of aggression\", only 28% supported a connection. The critical point here is causality. The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression. But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined. When labeling games as violent or non-violent, should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event? And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read \"aggressive\" or \"non-aggressive\" words from a list, can we be sure what they are actually measuring? The intention of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction. Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more. Several researchers write, speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media. That is, of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. Such clashes help neither science nor society. \n Answer: Showing violence is thought to be entertaining.",
            "output": [
                "Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and video games?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-affb794934134d6d8c695e7a08e241b2",
            "input": "Article: Are you a bookworm? Is your head stuck in a book for long? If so,that's a good thing.There are many benefits to reading.Getting into a good novel improves our literacy .But who or what encourages us to pick up a book and start reading?     Of course,when we are young,our parents and teachers inspire us by introducing us to  characters that we love--or love to hate.And there are the authors--the people who invent and write about these characters.Good writing can really catch our imagination.     One modern-day children's author is J.K.Rowling,who's known for her books about the wizard,Harry Potter.Last year she was named as a'literacy hero'for her part in improving people's love of reading.The UK's National Literacy Trust awarded her the title for\"turning a generation of children into readers.\"     The Trust also honoured schoolchildren,a librarian and teachers for their effort in trying to get people to read.The actor, Henry Winkler, who has dyslexia ,was also named for the books he has written about a boy with learning difficulties.     Reading books is more than an enjoyable pastime;it can also help people in difficult circumstances.The author Pat Winslow worked as a writer in prisons and found reading and discussing stories helped prisoners reflect on their patterns of behaviour.She says\"Very often we would have discussions about the moral compass of a character, what was the motivation of  somebody, why did they behave that way?\"         Today I like to read factual books such as biographies,where you get an insight into the  lives of important and well-known people.I also enjoy looking at travel books and learning  about journeys and new destinations.It's a good substitute if you can't visit in person.     But the main benefit of reading is the improvement it brings to our literacy.The more we do it,the better we get and who knows--one day you may become the next Tolstoy,Jackie  Collins or even William Shakespeare. \n Answer: By asking questions.",
            "output": [
                "How does the author introduce the topic of this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-087d12a71ef94683843edbb9a9a733d6",
            "input": "Article: Did you know that Albert Einstein could not speak until he was four years old, and did not read until he was seven? His parents and teachers worried about his rnenta1ability. Beethoven's music teacher said about him,\"As a composer he is hopeless.\" What if this young boy believed it? When Thomas Edison was a young boy,his teachers said he was so stupid that he could never learn anything.He once said,''I remember I used to never be able to get along at schoo1.I was always at the foot of my class...My father thought I was stupid,and I almost decided that l was a stupid person.\"What if young Thomas believed what may said about him? When the sculptor Auguste Rodin was young; he had difficulty learning to read and write.:. Today, we may say he had a learning disability. His father said of him, \"I have an idiot  for a son. \"His uncle agreed. \"He's uneducable,\" he said. What if Rodin had doubted his ability? Walt Disney was once fired by a newspaper editor because he was thought to have no \"good ideas\". Enrico Caruso was told by one music teacher, \"you can't sing. You have no voice at all. \" And an editor told Louisa May Alcott that she was unable to write anything that would have popular appeal. What if these people had listened and become discouraged? Where would our world be without the music of Beethoven, the art of Rodin or the ideas of Albert Einstein and Walt Disney? As Oscar Levant once said, \"It's not what you are but what you don't become that hurts. \" You have great potential.When you believe in all you can be, rather than all you cannot become, you will find your place on earth. \n Answer: seven.",
            "output": [
                "How many successful people are mentioned as examples in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-68e9a917aced4c06987f86e8d330a150",
            "input": "Article: In the past, writing wasn't very common in West Africa. In fact none of the major early civilizations of West Africa developed a written language. Arabic was the only written language they used. The lack of a native written language does not mean that the people of West Africa didn't know their history, though. They passed on their tradition orally. An oral history is a spoken record of past event. The task of remembering and telling West Africa's history was given to storytellers. The storytellers of early West Africa were called griots. They enjoyed high social status because the people of West Africa were very interested in the deeds of their ancestors. Griots helped keep this history alive for each new generation. The griots' stories were both entertaining and informative. They told of important past events and of the accomplishments of distant ancestors. For example, some stories explained the rise and fall of the West Africa empires. Other stories described the actions of powerful kings and warriors. Some griots made their stories livelier by acting out the events like scenes in a play. In addition to stories, the griots recited proverbs, or short sayings of wisdom or truth. They used proverbs to teach lessons to the people. One West Africa proverb warns, \"Talking doesn't fill the basket on the farm.\" This proverb reminds people that they must labor to accomplish things. It is not enough for people just to talk about what they want to do. In order to tell their stories and proverbs, the griots memorized hundreds of names and events. Through this memorization process the griots passed on West African history from generation to generation. However, some griots confused names and events in their heads. When this happened, the facts of some historical events became distorted. \n Answer: Their job required a good memory.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the griots?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-372cdd6076264243b3936e712c62e154",
            "input": "Article: The cost of college textbooks has risen sharply from 2002 to 2014. As a result, students have to look for other less expensive options  , such as renting books. Now, they find another way, that is, using textbooks on the Internet, uploaded by other students. It is hard to know how popular this practice will be, but many college students around the country are uploading their expensive college textbooks onto the Internet, so that other students can download them for free and avoid the big fees. A year ago, a student wrote a blog called Children of the Stars about a professor who insisted that students buy the newest edition of a specific sociology  book for more than $200 and didn't allow them to purchase an older paperback  edition of the same book for $5. The student wrote, \"The newest edition of the book is so expensive. Fortunately, we found the electronic one online, which is very cheap. This is why we downloaded. \" The blog is followed by a list of websites where people can download books. Curious about how varied the selection of books was and how easy it was to download them, Vocativ.com decided to do an experiment. The workers of it picked five typical and important courses of freshmen and tried downloading all these textbooks on the websites offered by the student who wrote Children of the Stars. They typed the titles of these textbooks into a computer, and found them immediately. Within minutes, they had four textbooks on their hard drive. It is illegal to upload or download copyrighted materials without permission, but students still do it due to its advantages. Besides, schools haven't taken action to stop it. \n Answer: Because it is lower in cost.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, why do many students choose to download textbooks?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-712e447e94af4b0194812e7842f14d09",
            "input": "Article: My daughter recently asked me what a travel agency does. There is one located on our street and it has just been completely rebuilt. I told her that they helped people book their trips and vacations. \"Why haven't we ever been there?' she wanted to know. \"Because we do everything ourselves online these days.\" I explained. \"But why do you do it yourself if other people want to do it for you?\" she wondered out loud. The answer is that the travel agency makes a little bit of money on each ticket you book through them. If you book your ticket yourself online, you save that money. Saving money sounds great except that when you think about it you typically spend three evenings comparing prices to end up saving EUR30 on a EUR300 trip. All those EUR30 discounts add up of course so I guess we should be happy with that. Consider books for a moment. Buying your book at Amazon saves you 30% to 40% on each book. Add to that the convenience of shopping from home and getting the package delivered to your home address. So far so good. Unfortunately, that does mean you spend too much time browsing Amason.com while you could do something fun instead. Like maybe reading an actual book? Then the package arrives and you aren't home and end up having to pick it up at the local post-office. All in all I wonder how much time I end up investing in the whole process. Time sounds free, but to most of us, it is more valuable than money. The Internet Economy promised to get rid of the middle-men and we loved it. Somehow, I'm starting to get the feeling that we ourselves ended up doing the work of the middle-men we were so eager to get rid of. In any project you can always pick two of these: fast, cheap or good. We seem to have focused a lot on \"cheap\" and \"good\" but the extra time we need to invest to also keep it \"fast\" comes out of our own pockets. Your can always make more money, but you can never make more time. \n Answer: How to save money in the Internet Economy.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3897453c28bb41dd84fd8b7a0b1e338a",
            "input": "Article: Cuba's former leader, Fidel Castro,died at the age of 90,according to a November 25 announcement on Cuban state television. The death marks the passing of a controversial figure who made a major impact on international affairs during his long rule. The Cuban government declared nine days of official mourning. On Monday, thousands of Cubans lined up near Havana's Plaza of the Revolution to pay their final respects to their leader. On Wednesday,Castro's ashes will begin a three-day journey across Cuba to Santa Ifigenia cemetery in Santiago de Cuba. Castro was born into a middle-class family on August 13 1926. He spent his childhood alongside the laborers on his father's plantation  . In 1945, Castro entered the University of Havana as a law student. He later joined groups that sought to end dictatorships in Latin-American countries. On July 26. 1953,Castro staged an unsuccessful revolt  against Batista's government. He and his brother Raul were captured and imprisoned for two years. After they were freed, the brothers went into exile in Mexico, On November 25, 1956,Castro set out once again to overthrow Batista. His revolution grew in strength. On New Year s Day 1959, Batista fled from Cuba. Castro took absolute power on January 8. The U.S. viewed Castro's relationship with the Soviet Union as a threat. In 1961,President John F. Kennedy approved the invasion of Cuba by 1,500 Cuban exiles. They landed on April 17 at the Bay of Pigs, but with little U. S. military support. Cuban troops smashed the attack within a few days. In October 1962,Castro confronted Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis, during which he allowed the Soviet Union to place nuclear-capable missiles in Cuba. By that time, the U. S. had cut all relations with Cuba. After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991,Cuba lost its economic support. To fuel the economy, the Cuban government allowed outside investment in hotels and resorts, but that created inequality. Meanwhile, Castro continued to crack down on any opposition. After undergoing intestinal surgery in 2006,Castro handed Cuba's presidency to Raul. The transition of power became official in 2008. \n Answer: Near Havana's Plaza of the Revolution.",
            "output": [
                "Where did many Cubans line up to pay their final respects to Fidel Castro on Monday?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-01d9d5845ddc4298abc4041fb9395774",
            "input": "Article: While she may be best known for her role as Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter films, Emma Watson would rather be known for something else in her mind. The 18-year-old British actress intends to stop her acting career for the moment to pursue   higher studies at a university after she finished the films, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Watson, whose parents are both Oxford graduates, is now on a gap year before starting university. Earlier this month, Watson applied to two of the top universities in the United States -- Harvard and Yale. She admitted that Harry Potter series has brought her fame and financial security  . She has made more than $10 million so far, but now she \"has a need to study\". \"I think the entertainment business is such a  _ one. One minute you' re up there and the next -- nothing,\" she said. Watson is growing up in front of millions of viewers ( ). She was only nine years old when she started playing the role of Hermione. And the way she figured out how to deal with media attention is \"try not to read too much of what is said and try to distance myself a bit from  _ \".  Watson has other interests. These include, interestingly, fishing and she has helped raise money for the Wild Trout   Trust. \n Answer: Watson's worries.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following topics is not mentioned in the passage.'?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-970f6a5cd3eb4bd8bd94ef870d49f7ea",
            "input": "Article: Vacation spots in Ohio The Boon shoft Museum of Discovery  The museum is based on the understanding that science is the process through which we come to  understand our world, and that play is the way children do science. Visitors of all ages can explore the wonders of the world. The museum includes many places for adventure such as the Discovery Center and the Hall of the Universe. What make adventures more exciting are real speciments   from the museum's collection of 1.4 million items. African Wildlife Park      This wildlife park is spread across a large area of about 100 acres and you can see different species of animals moving freely as if in their natural habitat. On entering the park, you are given a basket of food for free. You are able to feed the animals out of the comfort of your own car. Any additional basket of food needs to be paid for. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame       Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was opened some where in 1995, with a purpose of celebrating the spirit of rock and roll music and also studying it! It is among the top 10 vacation spots in Ohio. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame offers exhibitions, music events and also training programs on the subject. This is a perfect stop for everything on rock and roll music! The Armstrong Museum       The Armstrong Museum, located in Neil Armstrong's hometown of Wapakoneta, Ohio, celebrates the life and the mission   of the first man to walk on the moon. You can see one of the planes that Armstrong tested and enjoy a film about the development of the US space program. \n Answer: Allowing children to learn about science through play.",
            "output": [
                "What does the Boonshoft Museum of Discovery aim at?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ec3be7683bd4414ab45f4716dc3f9c69",
            "input": "Article: At the end of my senior year of high school, I got a job working at a local coffee shop.I thought the job would be easy and stress-free.I pictured myself pouring the best coffees, making delicious doughnuts  , and becoming friends with regular customers. I wasn't expecting the people with enormous orders, the women who complained that the coffee was much too creamy  , or the men who wanted their iced coffees remade again and again until they reached perfection.I couldn't seem to please anyone. One rainy day, one of my regular customers came in looking upset.He said he felt like getting in bed, pulling the sheets up over his head, and staying there for a few years.I knew exactly how he felt. Before he left, I handed him a bag along with his iced coffee.He was surprised, since he hadn't ordered anything but coffee.I had given him his favorite type of droughnut. \"It's on me,\" I told him.\"Have a nice day.\" He smiled and thanked me before heading back out into the rain. The next day, it was still raining.I spent my afternoon hanging out the window handing people their orders.I was completely wet and freezing cold.Worse, no one was tipping that day.Every time I looked into our empty tip jar, I grew more depressed. In the evening, the customer from the day before drove up to the window.He handed me a pink rose and a note.He said that not many people took time to care about others and he was glad there were still people like me in the world.With a friendly wave, he drove away. I ran to the back of the shop and read the note.It read: Christine, Thanks for being so sweet, kind and thoughtful yesterday.It is so nice to meet someone who's indeed nice.Please don't change your ways! Have a great day! -Hank After that, whenever I felt depressed or sick of coffee, I thought of Hank and his kindness.Then I would smile, hold my head up high, clear my throat and ask politely, \"How can I help you?\" \n Answer: The job didn't turn out as she had expected",
            "output": [
                "Why wasn't the writer happy with her job at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-154398f2cb0544e1be9f578c8d48e7fd",
            "input": "Article: I had a very special teacher in high school many years ago whose husband unexpectedly died of a heart attack. About a week after his death, she shared some of her views with a classroom of students. As the sunlight came in through the classroom windows and the class was nearly over, she moved a few things aside on the edge of her desk and sat down there. She paused and said, \"Before class is over, I would like to share with all of you a thought that is unrelated to class, but which I feel is important. Each of us comes to this world to learn, share, love, appreciate and give. None of us knows when this fantastic experience will end. It can be taken away at any moment.\" Her eyes beginning to water, she went on: \"So I would like you all to make me a promise. From now on, on your way to school, or on your way home, find something beautiful to notice. It doesn't have to be something you see. It could be a _ of freshly baked bread from someone's house, or it could be the sound of the wind slightly rustling the leaves in the trees...\" The class was completely quiet. We all picked up our books and left the room silently. That afternoon, I noticed more things on my way home from school. Take notice of something special you see on your way home today. Go barefoot on the beach at sunset. For as we get older, it is not the things we did that we often regret, but the things we didn't do. \n Answer: To ask us to appreciate every moment of our life",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the author's writing the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-418744c5e7624d5da938ae211f85c611",
            "input": "Article: Targeting teens Using the Web makes teens a target. Posting too much personal information for those millions of cyber eyes to see can cause some big problems and can even invite a threat to your life. As Mary learned, not everyone on the Internet is who he or she says they are. Adults will sometimes pose as other teens, posting fake photos and nice messages to gain trust. They use their fake identity to access the personal information of others, such as home address, phone number, or school name. \"That's not the most common scenario \", says David Finkelhor, a sociology professor at the University of New Hampshire. \"Only 3 percent of teens aged 10 to 18 who use the Internet report being asked to meet offline. But the danger is real. Safety measures Mary's My Space profile is set to \"private\", which means that only the people she adds under the \"friend\" category can access her page. She also doesn't have any pictures of herself on her site. The only self-identifying material she has posted is her name, grade, and a list of hobbies. \"People can only add me if they know my last name or my e-mail, \"Mary says. \" I don't want random people to see my profile. I just go online to talk to my friends.\" Stay safe and have fun online Experts say almost 90 percent of U.S. teens are online. But not everyone knows how to surf the Web in a smart way. With these tips, you can have fun, stay safe, and avoid embarrassment! Pick a safe password. Make sure your password is something that other people won't be able to guess. Use numbers in between letters. \"spar123ky\" is better than \"sparky 123.\" Pick a safe username. Make sure yours doesn't say too much about you, \"Happygirl13\" is better than \"AliceWaters13.\" Don't include your name, age, or where you are from. Never tell a stranger your name, school, address, age, birthday, phone number, or friends' names. \n Answer: A teenager.",
            "output": [
                "Who is most likely to be a victim online?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f05f6431406466287e83e8c1f0f9965",
            "input": "Article: \"Your honor !Let me say a few words for myself. What they have told you is just not true. I was not trying to kill anyone, and it was hardly possible to try to kill three strong young men at the same time. I didn't have anything to tell people that night and was quite alone. I didn't know them and needn't hate them. I was attacked by them, and I knocked one of them down. It's true, but I was made to do it, or I might be killed by them. I did this not because I hated the white men as they said. I just had to do so. While I was beaten in the dark street by the three men, a policeman came, caught me and took me here. I know why I was beaten. I have just moved into a house next to these three white men. I have felt that I am not welcome and I have tried to be quiet. I think, as an American, I have the right to choose where to live. I am guilty. What makes me guilty is my color opposite to theirs and I can't enjoy justice . Yes, I'm not guilty. This is all I want to say. Thank you, your honor.\" \n Answer: He wanted to show he didn't hate the whites.",
            "output": [
                "Why did he speak for himself?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f7511de8d4a4453911d8ef567071578",
            "input": "Article: Pessimistic,anxious and depressed people may have a higher risk of dementia  ,US researchers reported on Thursday. A study of a group of 3,500 people showed that those who scored high for pessimism on a standardized personality test had a 30 percent increased risk of developing dementia 30 to 40 years later. Those scoring very high on both anxiety and pessimism scales had a 40 percent higher risk,the study showed. \"There appears to be a doseresponse pattern.That is,the higher the scores,the higher the risk of dementia,\"Dr Yonas Geda,a neuropsychiatrist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester,Minnesota who led the study,said in a statement. Geda and his colleagues looked at the medical records of 3,500 men and women who lived near the clinic between 1962 and 1965. They all took the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory,a standard personality and life experience test,Geda's team told a meeting of the American Academy of Neurology in Miami. In 2004,the team interviewed the participants or family members. Those who scored higher for anxiety and pessimism on the test were more likely,as a group,to have developed dementia by 2004,including Alzheimer's disease and vascular   dementia. This did not mean a person who is pessimistic could assume he or she has a higher risk of developing dementia. \"One has to be cautious in interpreting a study like this,\"Geda said. \"One cannot make a leap from group level data to the individual.Certainly the last thing you want to do is to say,'Well,I am a pessimist;thus,I am doomed to develop dementia 20 or 30 years later,'because this may end up becoming a selffulfilling prophecy  .\" And there is NOT any specific way to prevent dementia,although many studies have shown that a healthy diet,exercise,keeping active in other ways,doing puzzles and other activities lower the risk. \n Answer: People who always have negative feelings may have a higher risk of getting dementia.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2c6e7465f64f4179909a19fd70a7cf4b",
            "input": "Article: Martha Graham, born in 1894, was one of the most famous dancers and creators of dance, whose influence on dance has been compared with the influence Picasso had on the modern visual arts, Stravinsky had on music, or Frank Lloyd Wright had on architecture. She created almost two hundred dance pieces. She is often called the Mother of Modern Dance. Earlier in her life, however, Martha did not know that she would become a dancer. At that time, the dancers were looked down on. So Martha's parents didn't approve of her desire to dance at the beginning. Until 1916, she began her studies at the newly created Denishawn School of Dancing and Related Arts, founded by Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn, where Graham worked very hard to improve her ability to dance because she was considered too old to begin dancing. In 1936, Graham made her defining work, \"Chronicle^, which signaled the beginning of a new era in modern dance. The dance brought serious issues to the stage for the general public in a dramatic manner. Influenced by the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the Great Depression that followed, and the Spanish Civil War, it focused on depression and isolation, reflected in the dark nature of both the set and costumes. Graham continued to dance past the age of seventy. Once again, she was met with criticism from people who came to watch her shows. But she didn't give up. Her last completed ballet was 1990's Maple Leaf Rag. \"A Dancer's World\" is an introduction to Graham and her work. She tells about her dances and her dance group shows some of their methods. Martha Graham received many awards during her lifetime, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom in nineteen seventy-six. She was the -first dancer to receive the country's highest civilian  honor. She died in 1991 at the age of ninety-six. In 1998, Time magazine listed her as the \"Dancer of the Century\" and as one of the most important people of the twentieth century. \n Answer: American dance was seen as a lower art form.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't Martha's parents approve of her desire to dance at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e06d0bc7587a47c793a5796ebd6b68cd",
            "input": "Article: Amusement parks make most of their money from admission fees paid by guests attending the park. Other sources include parking fees, food and drink sales and souvenirs. Practically all amusement parks operate using one of two admission principles:         Pay-as-you-go In this form, a guest enters the park at little or no charge. The guest must then buy rides one by one, either at the attraction's entrance or by buying ride tickets. The cost of the attraction is often based on its complexity   or popularity. The park may allow guests to buy unlimited admissions to all attractions within the park. A pass is then shown at the attraction entrance to gain admission.        Disneyland opened in 1955 using the pay-as-you-go form. Initially, guests paid the ride admission fees at the attractions. Soon, the problems of dealing with so many coins led to the development of a ticket system that, while now out of use, is still part of the amusement-park vocabulary. In this new form, guests bought ticket books that contained a number of tickets, with \"A,\" \"B\" and \"C.\" Rides and attractions using an \"A-ticket\" were generally simple, with \"B-tickets\" and \"C-tickets\" used for the larger, more popular rides. Later, the \"D-ticket\" was added, then finally the now-famous \"E-ticket,\" which was used for the biggest rides, like Space Mountain. Smaller tickets could be traded up for use on larger rides. Disneyland, as well as the Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World, gave up this practice in 1982.        The advantages include:        guests pay for only what they choose to experience         attraction costs can be changed easily         The disadvantages include:        guests may get tired of spending money almost continuously         guests may not spend as much on food or souvenirs \n Answer: Sources of income of amusement parks.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-492fc7aeebf44594bfc48ce3bdb8b6f9",
            "input": "Article: 1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. Toreduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuelsthough some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.  Traveling at speed has always been risky. One cutting edge area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants. They can ensure you don't miss key road signs or fall asleep. The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn't distract you at a vital moment. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faulfs. Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology \"sees through\" high-sided vehicles blocking your view.  And improvements to seat belts, pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The color1 of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.  And alternatives to fossil-fuel based petrol, such as plant oils, are a hot area of research. Fuel cells based on hydrogen burn cleanly, and are the subject of a serious research effort.  But whatever is in the fuel tank,you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations ,some using satellite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.   Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are slighter interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road, such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone's personal tool, but their latest efforts suggest that won't be soon. \n Answer: Some developments in seat belts, pedal controls and tyres.",
            "output": [
                "What has been researched to improve the safety of a car according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d5ed1cd152844710bd0269f983a4085b",
            "input": "Article: One day a lady saw a mouse running across her kitchen floor. She was very afraid of mouse, so she ran out of the house, got into a bus and went to the shops. There she bought a mousetrap. The shopkeeper said to her, \"Put some cheese in it and you will soon catch that mouse.\" The lady went home with her mousetrap, but when she looked in her cupboard, she could not find any cheese in it. She did not want to go back to the shop, because it was very late, so she cut a picture of some cheese out of a magazine and put that in the trap. Surprisingly, the picture of the cheese was quite successful! When the lady came down to the kitchen the next morning she found a picture of a mouse in the trap beside the picture of the cheese \n Answer: A clever lady",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title of the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-de8c3324229c4a3b9357496ceab1e622",
            "input": "Article: To honor the best books for young adults and children, TIME has created this list of classics: Best Young-Adult and Children's Books. The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Sherman Alexie's coming-of-age novel shows family and traditions through young Arnold Spirit, torn between his life in an Indian community and his largely white high school. The specifics are sharply drawn, but this novel, with its themes of self-discovery, speaks to young readers everywhere. Harry Potter What more can be said about J. K. Rowling's unique series? How about this: seven years after the final book was published, readers young and old still go crazy at the slightest rumor of a new Potter story. The Book Thief For many young readers, Markus Zusak's novel provides their first in-depth reflection of the Holocaust . Although terror surrounds Liesel, a young German girl, so too does evidence of friendship, love and charity -- recovering lights in the darkness. A Wrinkle in Time Madeleine L'Engle's super-realist adventure has provided generations of children with their first-ever exciting experiences, as Meg travels across the fifth dimension  in search of her father. But the science fiction also has a message: Meg learns independence and bravery in the process. Charlotte's Web Readers are still drawn to the simplicity and beauty of spider Charlotte's devotion to her pig friend Wilbur. Though family farms may be less common than they were in 1952, E. B. White's novel remains timeless for its lasting reflection on the power of friendship and of good writing. Holes Louis Sachar's story of a family curse , fancy sports shoes and poisonous lizards moves forward and backward through time, telling of how Stanley Yelnats IV ended up in a prison camp. It's an introduction to a complex story, filled with fun, warmth and a truly memorable criminal. Matilda With apologies to the lovable Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, this may be Roald Dahl's most inspiring book for young people. Poor Matilda feels troubled and ignored by her family -- a sense that many preteens share. They don't share her supernatural powers, but that's the lasting appeal of this escapist fun. The Outsiders Published when author S. E. Hinton was just 18, this coming-of-age novel offers evidence that even the youngest writer can provide valuable wisdom. Her striking look at Ponyboy and gang life in the 1960s has continued to have a powerful effect for decades on readers of all kinds, whether they identify more with the Greasers or the Socs. The Phantom Tollbooth In a humorous, sharp fairy tale  that shows language and mathematics through a story of adventure in the Kingdom of Wisdom, Jules Feiffer's unusual drawings do as much as Norton Juster's plain language combined with complex ideas to carry readers through Digitopolis and the Mountains of Ignorance. The Giver Lois Lowry's tale of self-discovery in society has a memorable central character, Jonas, and an unforgettable message -- that pain and harm have an important place in individual lives and in society, and to forget them is to lose what makes us human. \n Answer: The Giver",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following shares the same theme with The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9213514d238d4a089f83147fcad13588",
            "input": "Article: A company has just launched what it calls \"the world's first free standardized English test\" recently. Anyone can take the test for free. The new exam is called the EFSET, which is short for Education First Standardized English Test. The company, Education First, is known by the letters EF. It is estimated that there are two billion English language learners worldwide. Many of them are interested in attending an American college or university. To do so, foreign students need to take the Test of English as a Foreign Language -- better known as TOEFL. However, many foreigners are not wealthy enough to take the TOEFL. In addition, test-takers often have to travel overnight to reach an official testing site. The World Bank says an average Cambodian worker earns only about $1,000 per year. Approximately the cost of taking the TOEFL is 17.5 percent of the average worker's yearly wage. It is not just individuals who find the test pricey. Some governments also find it prohibitive. What's more, not everyone needs official results from the TOEFL or IELTS -- the International English Language Testing System. In the future, it's likely that the government may use the EFSET to test millions of employees and students. Experts believe that the EFSET meets the highest value in language testing. It uses special computer software that makes the questions easier or harder, depending on one's performance. The EFSET measures all the English learners' levels while the IELTS and TOEFL only measure learners' levels from moderate   to advanced. The EFSET is unique in the sense that it gives free online access to anyone interested in measuring their English level. There is a 50-minute and a two-hour version of the test, which its developers are calling the EFSET Plus. Both versions test only reading and listening skills. It's hopeful that speaking and writing skills will be tested in the future. The IELTS and the TOEFL still use humans to rate the speaking and writing sections. It's a huge deal for students who are in areas where they can't get to the TOEFL or the IELTS. However, it is too early to know whether the EFSET results are acceptable for colleges and universities in America. \n Answer: To find good jobs and earn much money.",
            "output": [
                "Why do many foreign students take the TOEFL?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d1bc3e5c7b15471ea5c9ccfd698f236f",
            "input": "Article: A staycation is a vacation when you do not travel at all. Some people use a staycation to just stay at home, and others prefer to experience the attractions around them without traveling very far. There are many choices for staycations. Any town or city has plenty of choices for things to do if you know where to look. If the weather is nice, you can visit the local gardens or forests for a hike. You can look online for several historic places and create your own history tours. Of course, you can also visit other attractions in the areas like museums, restaurants, bars, parks, beaches, and so on. Often, if you drive just a few hours, you can find a city that you can walk around and see. Then by driving home you can save the cost of a hotel and a plane ride. Others take the term \"staycation\" word for word and do not leave their houses at all. Some choices for this can include taking time off to cook a great meal and enjoy it together or spending all day at a pool. Just as a coin has two sides, staycation has its advantages as well as disadvantages. Since you are not traveling or staying in a hotel, a staycation can be unbelievably costeffective . You don't have to pay for a hotel, so that cost has been completely _ . You are also saving by not driving very far and by not taking an airplane anywhere. Travel costs have become really high, and the farther you go, the higher they are. By staying close to home, you cut that cost by quite a bit. You are also pushing money back into your local economy by spending your money at local businesses rather than in cities that are far away from home.  Finally, any stress that you feel with travel, whether that is from driving long distances or looking for an airport, will completely disappear. \n Answer: To introduce the general information of staycatons.",
            "output": [
                "For what purpose is the text written?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-717037985fa24831a341559cdf2ef357",
            "input": "Article: The freezing Northeast hasn't been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say \"sunshine\". I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part- particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers' market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call. The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m, rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries, the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes. Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened  promise, I've refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they're unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Brown's Grove Farm's stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal- and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn't be experiencing again for months. Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown's Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where- luckily for me- I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I'd be ordering every tomato on it. \n Answer: Boring.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author think of her winter life in New York?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ed69047e063b4a1293b24166ad23b1b7",
            "input": "Article: Today we celebrate our nation's school support staff and their tireless work in meeting the needs of all the students. See how Native American specialist Cecil Crawford is addressing a critical need by helping to lower the dropout rate at his school. How Are You Celebrating American Education Week Share your plans and photos with us at AEW@nea.org! If you're on social media, be sure to use #AEW2015. 2015 Artwork: Click here for our 2015 poster, web banners, ads and more. What Is American Education Week? American Education Week -- November 16-20 -- presents all Americans with a wonderful opportunity to celebrate public education and honor individuals who are making a difference in ensuring that every child receives a quality education. This year's theme is \"Great Public Schools: A Basic Right and Our Responsibility\", and can be reflected in special observances each day of the weeklong celebration: Monday, November 16: Kickoff Day Tuesday, November 17: Parents' Day Wednesday, November 18: Education Support Professionals' Day Thursday, November 19: Educator for a Day Friday, November 20: Substitute Educators' Day Online Q&A: The Power of Teacher-parent Relationships for Student Success Our Q&A has ended, but you can still visit our Facebook page and read through the great advice and discussion between parents and educators. Weigh in with your own ideas and keep the conversation going! Read more here. Read more about the history of American Education Week. \n Answer: By using #AEW2015 on social media.",
            "output": [
                "How can you celebrate American Education Week?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6d4a9a6d503f48dfa25ad462a9af8d09",
            "input": "Article: Women were friends, I once would have said, when they totally love and support and trust each other, and bear to each other the secrets of their souls, and run--no questions asked--to help each other, and tell _ truths to each other(No, you can't wear that dress unless you lose ten pounds first.) when these truths must be told. In other words, I once would have said that a friend is a friend all the way, but now I believe that's narrow point of view. Friendships serve many different functions,meet different needs and range from those as all-the-way as the friendship of the soul sisters mentioned above to that of the most casual playmates. Convenience friends are women with whom we'd have no particular reason to be friends: a next-door neighbor or the mother of one of our children's closest friends. They'll lend us their cups for a party. They'll drive our kids to school when we're sick. They'll take us to pick up our car when we need a lift .As we will for them. But we don't , with convenience friends, ever come too close or tell too much; we maintain our public face and emotional distance. Special-interest friends aren't intimate ,and they needn't involve kids or cats. Their value lies in some interest jointly shared .And so we may have an office friend or a tennis friend. \"I've got one woman friend,\" says Joyce,\" who likes, as I do, to take music courses, which makes it nice for me and her. I'd say that what we're doing is doing together, not being together.\" Crossroads friends are important for what was for the friendship we shared at a crucial ,now past, time of life. A time, perhaps, when we roomed in college together or went together through pregnancy, birth and that scary first year of new motherhood. Crossroads friends develop powerful links, links strong enough to endure with not much more contact than once-a-year letters at Christmas. And out of respect for those crossroads years, for those dramas and dreams we once shared, we will always be friends. Crossroads friends seem to maintain a special kind of intimacy ----dormant  but always ready to be revived  ---and though we may rarely meet ,whenever we do connect, it's personal and strong. Another kind of intimacy exists in the cross-generational friendships, the friends that form across generation in what one  woman calls her daughter-mother and her mother-daughter relationships. There are good friends, pretty good friends and very good friends, and these friendships are defined by their level of intimacy. We might tell a good friend, for example, that yesterday we had a fight with our husband. And we might tell a pretty good friend that this fight with our husband made us so mad that we slept on the couch. And we might tell a very good friend that the reason we got so mad in that fight that we slept on the couch had something to do with a girl who works in his office. But it's only to our very best friends that we're willing to tell all, to tell what's going on with that girl in his office. \n Answer: People would like to seek comfort and convenience from their convenience friends.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about convenience friends?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b838f7ee4e98421ca6cb440787e4e0f4",
            "input": "Article: Most people don't notice I'm polite, which is the point. I am big and look less energetic. Still, every year or so, someone takes me aside and says, \"You actually are polite, aren't you?\" I'm always thrilled. They noticed. That's the thing. Actually, when we talk about politeness, we usually think of please; thank you; I like your hat; etc. All we need to do is to hear, not to notice. When I was in high school, I read etiquette manuals . No one noticed my politeness except for one kid. He yelled at me about _ . \"It's strange that you are always so polite,\" he said. I took that as praise and made a note to hide my politeness further. Real politeness, I believed, was invisible . It adapted itself to the situation. Politeness leaves door open. I've met so many people whom, if I had trusted my first impressions, I would never have wanted to meet again. Yet many of them are now great friends. One of those people is my wife. On our first date, she told me in detail that she had an operation to remove a cyst  from her body. Of course, it killed the chemistry. But when I walked her home, I told her I'd had a great time. We talked a little after that. I kept everything pleasant and brief. Much later, I learned that she'd been having a very bad day in a very bad year. People silently suffer from all kinds of terrible things. The good thing about politeness is you can regard these people exactly the same and wait to see what happens. You don't have to have an opinion. You don't need to make a judgment. Last week, my two-year-old son, Abraham met a foreign woman in the playground. Out of curiosity, I suppose, he asked, \"What's your name?\" The woman told him. Then he put out his little hand and said, \"Nice to meet you!\" Everyone laughed and he smiled. He shared with his firmest handshake, like I taught him. \n Answer: Because he doesn't look polite.",
            "output": [
                "Why do many people think the author is impolite?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51994e8daef64a1c96cb0db4c5da686e",
            "input": "Article: Uncivilized behavior by passengers unacceptable For the first time, airline passengers have been blacklisted for uncivilized behavior. Their names will remain on the blacklist for one or two years, according to an announcement by the China Air Transport Association on Saturday. The blacklisting means they will not be able to travel by air until their names are removed from the list. Blacklisting passengers who disobey the rules for traveling by air and so place their own interests before everything else, including safety, has long been overdue (,). There have been frequent reports of passengers making a scene when their flight was delayed or when they believed that they were not treated as they should be on a flight. Yet it is natural for some flights to be delayed because of reasons such as bad weather or mechanical problems that need to be solved. However, some passengers seem to take it for granted that their flight must take off at the time stated on their ticket, and they even assume that the members of the cabin crew are simply there to do their bidding . They forget that they should behave themselves in the first place and that respect is reciprocal  .There is no reason for them to be respected when they do not show enough respect for others.  _ rules can never be over-emphasized when it comes to flight safety. No one has the right to disregard the rules for any reason. Of course, airlines should provide quality services to meet the needs of passengers. Yet, even if passengers are not satisfied with the service provided, there is still no reason for them to flout the rules that are designed for the safety of all. The blacklisting of these three passengers should serve for others to know they have to toe the line  . \n Answer: Never before have airline passengers been blacklisted.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1a41392bd4cb43ff928ccea204124162",
            "input": "Article: On a Friday night, a poor young artist stood at the gate of the New York railway station, playing his violin. The music was so great that many people stopped to put some money into the hat of the young man. The next day, the young artist came to the same place, and put his hat on the ground gracefully. Different from the day before, he took out a large piece of paper and laid it under his hat. Then he began to play the violin. It sounded more pleasant than ever. Soon he was surrounded with people who were attracted by the words on that paper. It said, \"Last night, a gentleman named George Sang put an important thing into my hat by mistake. Please come to claim  it soon.\" After about half an hour, a middle-aged man rushed through the crowd to the violinist and said, \"Yes, it's you. I knew that you were an honest man and would certainly come here.\" The young violinist asked calmly, \"Are you Mr. George Sang?\" The man nodded. The violinist asked, \"Did you lose something?\" \"It's a lottery ticket,\" said the man. The violinist took out a lottery ticket on which George Sang's name was seen. \"Is it?\" he asked. George nodded and took the lottery ticket and kissed it, then danced with the violinist. The violinist was a student at an arts college and had planned to attend advanced studies in Vienna. Later his classmate asked the violinist, \"At that time you needed money to pay the tuition  and you had to play the violin in the railway station every day to make money. Why didn't you keep the lottery ticket for yourself?\" The violinist said, \"Although I don't have much money, I live happily. But if I lose honesty I won't be happy forever.\" Through our lives, we can gain a lot and lose so much. But being honest should always be with us. \n Answer: He played the violin to make some money.",
            "output": [
                "What did the young artist do at the railway station on Friday?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad97b070c3cc41879fdb4dd09b7e9a96",
            "input": "Article: Six-month-old babies are strictly limited in what they can remember about the objects they see in the world. If you hide several objects from babies, they will only remember one of those objects. But a new study, which was published in an issue of Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, finds that when babies \"forget\" about an object, not all is lost. Researchers used to think that babies less than two years old did not understand that an object continues to exist when it is not in the baby's view. But in mid-1980s, new ways of doing experiments with babies found that they do, in fact, know that objects don't disappear when they do not look at them -- a concept known as object permanence. But it was still unknown what babies needed to remember about objects in order to remember their existence. Now Melissa Kibbe, of John Hopkins University, and Alan Leslie, of Rutgers University, are working to figure out exactly what it is that babies remember about objects. For the new study, they showed six-month-old babies two objects, a disk and a triangle. Then they hid the objects behind small screens, first one shape, then the other. Earlier research has shown that young babies can remember what was hidden most recently, but have more trouble remembering the first object that was hidden. Once the shapes were hidden, they lifted the screen in front of the first object. Sometimes they showed babies the shape that was hidden there originally  , but sometimes it was the other shape, and sometimes the object had _ completely. Psychologists   measure how long babies look at something to see how surprised they are. In Kibbe and Leslie's study, babies weren't particularly surprised to see that screen had changed, for example, from a triangle to a disk. But if the object was gone altogether, the babies looked significantly longer, indicating surprise at an unexpected outcome: \"This shows that even though babies don't remember the shape of the object, they know that it should continue to exist,\" Kibbe says. \"They remember the object without remembering the features that identify that object.\" This helps explain how the young brain processes information about objects, Leslie say. He thinks the brain has a structure that acts like a kind of pointer, a mental finger that points at an object. \n Answer: What made babies remember objects' existence.",
            "output": [
                "Before the study, which of the following was unclear?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-63915e167d134e4494cd45dd1a092ccb",
            "input": "Article: \"Find a job you love, and you'll never work a day in your life.\" Do you agree with this old saying? Joanne Gordon does. She is the author of Be Happy at work and other books about careers . Gordon believes that about 30% of employees  in North America do not like their jobs, and she thinks that is terrible. She wants to help people who do not feel satisfied with their jobs find work that is good for them. Joanne says, \"There are no happy jobs, only happy workers.\" She believes that happy workers share three main characteristics. First, happy workers enjoy the daily activities of their jobs, and they look forward to the workday. Take Tony Hawk, for example. At age 14, he became a professional skateboarder. Now he is a businessman working on projects related to skateboarding--films and video games, but he still skates every day. He once said, \"My youngest son's pre-school was recently asked what their dads do for work. My son said, 'I've never seen my dad do work.'\" Tony agrees that his job doesn't look like work. He has found a way to spend each day doing a job he enjoys. Second, happy workers like the people they work with. Sally Ayote says, \"I work with the coolest people in the world.\" She and her group cook for almost 1,200 people in Antarctica. Most of these people are scientists who are doing research. Sally loves to sit and talk with them. She says, \"There is no television here, no radio, so I get to know the scientists and what they're studying.\" Sally thinks she has a great job, and the best part about it is the people. Third, happy workers know that their work helps others. Caroline Baron's work helps people who have had to leave their home countries because of war or other dangers. She is a filmmaker who started an organization called FilmAid, which shows movies in refugee  camps around the world. Caroline believes that movies can be very helpful in these camps. For one thing, entertaining movies let refugees forget their troubles for a little while. Movies can also teach important subjects like health and safety. For example, in one camp, thousands of refugees saw a movie about how to get clean water. Caroline knows that is helping other people, and this makes her feel proud and happy about her work. Tony Hawk, Sally Ayote, and Caroline Baron all get great satisfaction from their work. Tony Hawk says, \"Find the thing you love. If you are doing what you love, there is much more happiness there than being rich or famous.\" Joanne Gordon would agree. She encourages people to find something they enjoy doing, find people they like to work with, and find ways to help others. Then they can be proud of what they do, and they will probably be happy at work. \n Answer: The workers who agree with the author's ideas.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the book, Be Happy at Work, written for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8aadf1764e614f8caff15ddd0eeef0d5",
            "input": "Article: You can tell a lot about a person from the clothes they wear, but you can also tell a lot about a person simply from the handbags they carry. It's hard to believe, but you can find out a number of things about a woman's personality just by looking at the type of handbag she carries. Below you will find a number of handbag styles and colors as well as what each specific type of handbag says about the owner. Styles: Under-the Shoulder - handbags which are smaller and fit tightly underneath the shoulder indicate class and sophistication. A women working in an upscale office or someone of high status would choose this form of handbag. Big and Bulky - Big, bulky and oversized bags are casual and are often associated with younger individuals. These are used for individuals who carry a number of things (binders, books etc) and require a lot of space. Down-to-earth, lower-maintenance women would carry this type of handbag. Designer - Designer handbags often cost an arm and a leg and therefore are usually associated with high-maintenance females. Females who are confident and require top of the line accessories will settle for nothing less than a name-brand designer purse. Guys watch out for these girls, they tend to be a handful. Cigar Box Purses - A women who carries a cigar box purse likes to be unique and stand out from the crowd. These women have minds of their own and cannot be told what to do. They are comfortable in their own skin and tend to be very independent. Leather with Buckles and Zippers - women who choose leather purses with lots of buckles and zippers are leashing out their wild sides. These women tend to act before they think and are always ready for a good time. The extra buckles and zippers tend to signify a \"bad girl\" image. Colors: Bright Colors - Bright colored handbags like pink, purple, bright blue and green indicate that the woman is fun, friendly and approachable. Women who are out-going and sociable will tend to choose these colors. This is the type of woman who will strike up a conversation with a complete stranger. Black and Brown - women who choose black or brown handbags tend to be more formal in manners and are often mistaken as being snobby or restricted. These types of handbags are often associated with down-to-earth women, who are shy at first, but open up after a while. They tend to exude a shy confidence, which is sometimes mistaken as someone who thinks she's better than others. The style and color of your handbag says a lot about you. Choose your handbag very carefully and remember you can choose more than one style. You may feel like being reserved one day and the center of attention another...it's natural to want different things in life. \n Answer: A woman who chooses a black or brown handbag.",
            "output": [
                "Who is likely to start a conversation with a complete stranger according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1a269007acec47fb944b7127e504ec8b",
            "input": "Article: Doctors say anger can be an very harmful emotion unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that angry feelings can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, losing control of themselves. But other people repress their anger. They cannot or will not express it. For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain gives off the same hormones that are produced during tense situations. They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood and narrow the blood vessels to the interstices . In general, the person feels excited and ready to act. Doctors said that repressing these feelings only makes the feelings continue. And this can lead to many medical problems. Doctors thought a person could prevent these problems by letting the anger out by expressing it freely. But recently some doctors held a different view. They said that people who express anger repeatedly and violently did become, in fact, more and not less angry. They said this,too,can cause medical problems. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, and then decide if the cause is serious. If it is, they say: \"Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably. \" \n Answer: Keep one's anger inside.",
            "output": [
                "What does the phrase repress anger mean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e34c8fea31a49688a55566b847a4dc9",
            "input": "Article: New findings show that musical training affects the structure and function of different brain areas, how those areas communicate during the creation of music, and how the brain interprets and combines sensory  information. The findings were presented at Neuroscience 2013, the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience and the world's largest source of emerging news about brain science and health. These views suggest potential new roles for musical training including training plasticity in the brain, offering an alternative tool in education, and treating a range of learning disabilities. Today's new findings show that long-term high level musical training has a broader effect. Researchers found that musicians have a better ability to combine sensory information from hearing, touch, and sight. The age at which musical training begins influenced brain structure and its function. Beginning training before the age of seven has the greatest effect. Even older adults who took music lessons as children but haven't actively played an instrument in decades have a faster brain response  to a speech sound than those who never played an instrument, according to a study appearing November 6 in the Journal of Neuroscience. The finding suggests early musical training has a lasting, positive effect on how the brain deals with sound. \"Playing a musical instrument is a multi-sensory and motive experience that creates emotions and movements--from finger tapping to dancing -- and engages pleasure and reward systems in the brain. It has the potential to affect brain function and structure when done over a long period of time,\" said Gottfried Schlaug, MD, PhD, of Harvard Medical School, press conference speaker, also an expert on music. \"As today's findings show, musical training brings about new processes within the brain, at different stages of life, and with a range of effects on creativity, cognition , and learning,\" he added. \n Answer: To prove early musical training affects the function of the brain.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author mention \"Even older adults ... a speech sound.\" in Para. 3?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a912a77755b04f26aecd821d9e55385a",
            "input": "Article: YOU probably think you know about London's problems. The people are unfriendly, it's way too expensive, and the food is terrible - so why do so many tourists flock   there? London was named the world's most popular city between July and September 2013. It _ other world-famous cities such as New York and Paris, welcoming 4.9 million visitors, according to the UK Office for National Statistics. Amazingly, this was an increase of almost 19.5 percent on 2012 - the year when the Olympics happened in summer. So can London's success be explained? Well, maybe. As the English writer Samuel Johnson once said, \"when a man is tired of London, he is tired of life\". London life is often crazy and expensive, but if you can think of something, you can probably do it there. Anywhere in the city, you can often look around a great museum such as the British Museum, watch a concert at a historic venue   like the Royal Albert Hall, or dance the night away in a cool nightclub such as Fabric. And it's not just about culture - there are also world-famous sporting venues around the city. Many tourists like to watch soccer matches at stadiums such as Chelsea's Stamford Bridge, Arsenal's Emirates Stadium, or Tottenham's White Hart Lane. Tourists even came to watch British tennis player Andy Murray's famous victory at the Wimbledon tennis tournament   in 2013. Yes, but what about the food? Well, even if you don't like British food - and if you've never had real fish and chips, or a summer pudding, then perhaps you should wait until you've tried them - there is plenty of great food from all over the world available in London's many restaurants. London, like many of its buildings, has a long history, but also never lacks a vibrant pulse  . All over the city, history and modernity come together to make it an essential place for tourists to discover. \n Answer: To analyze why London appeals to tourists.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's main purpose in writing the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d15379563024971bbb7780540246b36",
            "input": "Article: Britain is a popular tourist place. But tours of the country have pros and cons. Good news Free museums. No charge for outstanding collections of art and antiquities.  Pop music. Britain is the only country to match the US on this score. Black cabs. London taxi drivers know where they are going even if there are never enough of them at weekends or night. Choice of food. Visitors can find everything from Ethiopian to Swedish restaurants. Bad news Poor service. \"It's part of the image of the place. People can dine out on the rudeness they have experienced,\" says Professor Tony Seaton, of London University's International Tourism Research Center. Poor public transport: Trains and buses are promised to defeat the keenest  tourists, although the over-crowded London tube is inexplicably  popular Lack of languages. Speaking slowly and clearly may not get many foreign visitors very far, even in the tourist traps . Rain. Still in the number one complaint . No air-conditioning. So that even splendidly hot summers become as unbearable as the downpours. Overpriced hotels. The only European country with a higher rate of tax on hotel rooms is Denmark. \n Answer: Overpriced hotels.",
            "output": [
                "What do tourists complain most?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-91be33a189674abaa8e17fcd3ddcca48",
            "input": "Article: Research has shown that 85 percent of communication is nonverbal, so choosing what to wear to an interview is clearly an important part of your overall presentation. It won't make up for weak answers, but it can communicate some positive things about your personality and what you might be like to work with.  * Blue: You can't go wrong with darker shades of blue, especially navy. Choosing from this powerful color1 will project an image of someone who is in control. From the interviewer's point of view, the color1 blue suggests calm, stability, trust, truth, confidence and security. These are all great messages to send without saying a word.  * Gray: After blue, gray is the second most popular color to wear for an interview. Like darker blue, it's not a distracting color1 to the interviewer, which means they'll be focused more on what you're saying and how you're saying it. Gray means sophistication  , so use it to your advantage.  * Black: This is a commanding color1 and represents authority. Black also suggests excitement, so use it carefully when putting together your interview outfit. You may want to use it as an accent   --like in a scarf or tie, for instance--rather than as the primary color.  * Red: This is an extremely powerful color1. It's so strong that you should only use it as an accent color1. Reds are associated with energy, passion, desire, power and aggression. People think of intensity   and passion when they see the color1 red, so use it carefully or it could send the wrong message to the interviewer.  * White: White shirts and blouses are always appropriate. It sends the message of simplicity, cleanliness, precision and goodness. \n Answer: What the Colors of Your Clothes Say about You",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5e1b941e67694edd8623873139058acc",
            "input": "Article: In this fast-shifting world, there can be no guarantees attached to any particular job. But there is much that you can do to protect yourself from the change of society, by equipping yourself with the skills to manage your career more effectively. You need to be a career activist. If you lost your main source of income tomorrow, could you find a different source to replace it? The most important thing in protecting yourself now and in the future is ensuring that you have choices. Don't let yourself be held back by a lack of skill development, or fear of change. Some people have been good performers in their own organization but discovered that they are stuck. Because they are so closely related to a particular company or industry, their skills are not readily transferred to other jobs. Don't put all your eggs in one basket. If you limit yourself to one particular area or sector, you limit your opportunity, too. In a global market place, many jobs come and go quickly as changes in the stock market. Today's hottest job may not exist tomorrow. If you love computers, then this work represents a great choice. But don't enter a field just because you think that's where the hot jobs are; even if the job is available, it may not match well with your own skills and abilities. Start with entry of your own strengths and interests, then see where you may match up best in the job market. \n Answer: Try to develop our skills and be a career activist.",
            "output": [
                "How can we ensure that we have choices if we lose the main source of income?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7cdd01db53744fb9bdecc6adc038c2b9",
            "input": "Article: Parents whose children think the latest Nike or Adidas shoes may be better than buying old-fashioned plimsolls   because they encourage a healthier style of running, researchers said. Big companies, like Nike and Adidas, make millions of dollars from selling highly-cushioned shoes  both as fashion and sports shoes. The researchers warn that wearing such shoes from an early age can make it difficult to run in a healthy way. Once we have grown used to running in this kind of shoes, it is very difficult to change our technique, even if we remove our shoes, it can raise the risk of injury. Children should be encouraged to wear shoes with thin soles such as plimsolls from a young age to help them develop a natural \"barefoot\" running style, experts said. Dr Mick Wilknson, who did the research, told the British Science Festival in Newcastle, \"If I would advise someone on what to give their child, I would say don't go and buy them expensive Adidas or Nike, just get them a pair of flexible, flat shoes. Give them basic foot-ware, nothing fancy, nothing particularly cushioned.\" Running in flat shoes, barefoot, encourages the runner to use the front of their foot which is a better technique for running, especially long distances as the human was designed to do. Around the world, and in particular in the US, running barefoot is becoming more and more popular with many long distance runners training without shoes. Dr Mick Wilknson believes that training and running barefoot or in flat running shoes can help reduce injuries to runners, he said: \"Injury rates in running have not changed since the 1970s, despite claims of improvements in running shoes. That has led some to conclude that barefoot running is better.\" \n Answer: They are cheaper.",
            "output": [
                "Why are people advised to wear plimsolls?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6c646368cabc463b8745864b6e7a314c",
            "input": "Article: He is a real turtle . Someone who always moves very slowly. She is such a sheep. A follower; someone who can't think for him or herself. He's being an ostrich . Someone who hides his/her head in the sand and refuses to face problems or reality. He's a lamb. A gentle, patient, understanding person. Nice and considerate. What a crab  he is! A grouchy  person; someone who is often angry and in a bad mood. \n Answer: A young man is driving fast because all his friends do.",
            "output": [
                "In which of the following situations are the people acting like sheep?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a6faa478cff14b45840f57a7ae8c5f14",
            "input": "Article: Listening to your favorite music can make a person feel great and can make their emotions change. The song you are listening to can affect how you feel. Different types of music may make you cry, laugh, or even feel anger. According to researches, music is a complex sound that causes a large variety of emotional responses in listeners.  _ . Researches have shown that basic emotions, such as happiness, anger, fear, and sadness, can be recognized in and created by musical stimuli   in humans. I know from experience that when I am in a bad mood, I'll listen to my favorite CD. I don't know what it is about the music but it just makes me feel better almost instantly. All of you have CDs or songs that make you feel great when you're feeling down. Music has that power and none of us realize that until we really think about it. The physical effects that music has on us are almost the same as the emotional ones. Music can change you in many ways, depending on the kind of music you are being exposed to. According to \"Music and Emotions\", electronic music with loud sounds will physically affect you more easily than any other type of music. Certain types of music can give you courage and strengthen your willpower, while other types can make you relaxed. I can think of a good example for music bringing willpower and strength to you, when you are getting ready before a sport. The sport I play is football and I know that if I don't listen to a certain mix of songs, my head is all over the place. If I listen to some certain songs I become very energized and feel better about things. Music affects your emotions in many ways. It also affects your physical status. Music also is the key to your enjoying of a movie. Music affects your emotions by being able to change your state of mind from a sad mood to a happy one. It can also make a person feel great before a competition. Music is also the key to Movies. Without music in movies there would be no suspense, no horror and no excitement. It makes movies what they are to us. \n Answer: Different music will cause different emotions in us.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9cc9db2e020647f3aa42bea798c5d71d",
            "input": "Article: Global warming happens when greenhouse gases trap heat and light from the sun in the earth's atmosphere, which increases the temperature. This is like when heat is trapped in a car. On a hot day, the car gets hotter when it is out in the parking lot. This is because the heat and light from the sun can get into the car, by going through the windows,but it can't get back out. This is what the greenhouse effect does to the earth .The heat and light can get through the atmosphere, but it can't get out As a result,the temperature rises. Sometimes the temperature can change in a way that helps us. The greenhouse effect makes the earth appropriate for people to live on Without _ ,the earth would be freezing,or it would be burning hot. It would be freezing at night because we would not get the sun's heat and light .During the day, especially during the summer, it would be burning because the sun would be up with no atmosphere to filter it,so people,plants,and animals would be exposed to all the light and heat. Although the greenhouse effect makes the earth able to have people living on it,if there gets to be too many gases,the each can get unusually warmer, and many plants,animals.and people will die. Plants would die because they would not be able to take the heat .This would cause us to have less food to eat, and it would also limit the food that animals have. With less food for the animals that we need to survive we would even have less food. Gradually, people,plants,and animals would all die of hunger. People are doing many things to try to stop global warming .One thing is carpooling--driving with someone to a place that you are both going to. Another thing is being more careful about leaving electrical devices turned on. Now, more people are even riding buses or bikes to lower the amount of greenhouse gases in the air .Although adults do many things to help stop global warming, kids call do just as much. \n Answer: It prevents all the light from the sun shining on the earth.",
            "output": [
                "What is the effect of atmosphere?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9abc74711b3d48e7b4f4e326d92dec18",
            "input": "Article: On a Friday night in May 2015, Oliver and Lone Kleven heard angry shouts coming from their front lawn. Lone, 68, stepped onto the porch and saw two men in dark clothes struggling with something on the ground--right where she and her grandson had planted a flower bed the weekend before. \"Go fight somewhere else!\" she shouted, worried her plants would get damaged. At the sound of her voice, the face of a boy appeared from beneath the two men. He looked 13 or 14 or so. \"They're trying to kill me!\" the boy screamed. Lone ran toward them and, without hesitation, caught the boy's arm, pulling him out. \"Leave _ alone!\" she shouted. When the men stood up, Lone saw what looked like a sharp object in one man's hand. When she turned back toward the boy, he was moaning in pain and holding his stomach. The attackers began to move in on the boy again when Lone's husband shouted: \"Get lost!\" The two men walked quickly and quietly across the street and drove off in a dark car. \"I have to get to the hospital!\" the boy cried. He lifted his shirt, and Lone could see a bloody wound on his stomach. Oliver hugged the trembling boy while Lone caught her cell phone and car keys inside the house. She handed the phone to Oliver. \"Call 911,\" she told him. \"I'm going after them.\" Lone took off but was unable to find the car. The Klevens then learned what had happened. Earlier that night, as the boy waited for his parents to pick him up from the high school across the street from the Klevens' house, two men approached and demanded his wallet. When he refused, one of the men hit him in the face. The boy ran across the street. The men caught up with him, and one hurt him in the back and stomach with a sharp knife. That's when Lone stepped in. The boy's wounds required operations, but he has fully recovered. \"He was alone and outnumbered,\" says Lone. \"There was no time to do anything except what I did.\" \n Answer: To prevent her flowers being ruined.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Lone shout at the man at the beginning of the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-04fdbd6cdfc5433281ba75d26dc1a825",
            "input": "Article: Want to save money when traveling by train? Here are some ways. Day Returns   This ticket can save you up to 45% on the standard fare. You have to travel after the rush hour period Mon.--Fri . but can travel at any time on Sat. or Sun. Big City Savers   These are special low-priced tickets on certain trains. You have to book in advance--at  the latest by 16:00 the day before you travel. It's first come, first served. Weekend Returns   Weekend Returns are available for most journeys over 60 miles. Go on Fri. Sat. or Sun, and return the same weekend on Sat. or Sun, and save up to 35% on the standard fare. Monthly Returns   These are available for most journeys over 65 miles. Go any day and return within a month. Monthly returns save up to 25% on the standard fare. Family Railcard   For PS20 this railcard allows you to take a second adult and up to 4 children for only PS3 each when you buy single or return tickets. You can travel as often as you like until the card becomes out of date. \n Answer: Five",
            "output": [
                "How many ways does the author give us to save money when traveling by train?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2dbc9d2f24ae4ea09d4f577b31a2382f",
            "input": "Article: Metro Pocket Guide Metrorail  Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under ago five may travel free with a paying customer. Farecard machine are in every station, Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the station and farecard machine only provide up to $ 5 in change. Get one of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9:30 a. m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays. Hours of Service Open: 5 a. m Mon-Fri           7a. m. Sat--Sun . Close: midnight Sun--Thurs     3 a.m. Fri.---Sat. nights. Last train times vary. To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train times posted in the station. Metrobus When paying with exact change, the fare is $ 1. 35 . when paying with a smarTrip card, the fare is $1. 25 Fares for the Senior /disabled customers Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, farecard or SmarTrip cards and passes, please visit MetroOpenDoors. com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000. Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-962-1100 Travel tips   . Avoid riding during weekday rush periods -before 9:30 a. m. and between 4 and 6 p. m. . If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195. \n Answer: They make change for no more than $5.",
            "output": [
                "What should you know about farecard machine?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2040f6673f7413c95ddcefb2f14d9cb",
            "input": "Article: Xu Shu was much valued by Liu Bei for his strategic talents. After several victories on the battleground against Cao Cao, Xu was made the chief military advisor. Cao Cao was greatly surprised at the news. \"If you want this person,\" one of his advisors said, \"you can bring his mother to Xuchang and send a forged letter in his mother's handwriting, asking Xu Shu to desert Liu Bei and come here. As Xu is well-known for a strong filial  affection, surely he will come.\" This plot worked. For Xu, on receiving the letter, cried tearfully, asking Liu Bei for an immediate departure. Feeling sad, though, Liu persisted in his stay for another night, during which the two aired their sad feelings. The next day Liu laid a banquet outside the city for Xu. Holding the latter's hand, Liu said,  \"After we separate today, only heaven knows when and where we will meet again.\" He wept bitter tears. After setting off on his way, Xu suddenly turned his horse and returned. \"I almost forgot an important matter.\" He said to Liu. \"Ten kilometers from Xiangyang City, in a place called Long zhong, there is a talent called Zhuge Liang. Do you want to meet him?\" Liu expressed his willingness at once, but also aired doubt about whether Zhuge Liang was as talented as Xu. \"He tells positions of stars in the heavens,\" Xu assured him, \"and recognizes everything on earth. He knows a person's real nature at the first meeting----the number one talent under the heaven. If you have him as your military advisor, you'll have the country under your name.\" Liu suggested a visit to Zhuge by Xu on his behalf. At this, the latter shook his head in disapproval. \"You must go and offer your invitation personally, and his acceptance depends entirely on your sincerity.\" With these words said, Xu turned his horse and left. Later, Liu paid three trips to Zhuge's straw house, another favorite story among Chinese people. \n Answer: Zhuge was able to tell a person's personality at first sight.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a23fbfd3e95649548562012e5fb13b1c",
            "input": "Article: Thomas Edison was one of ten said to be the greatest genius  of his age. There are only a few men in all of the history, who have changed the lives of other men as much as the inventor of the first useful electric light. But Edison could never be happy only because someone said he was a genius.\" There is no such thing as genius,\" Edison said. He said that what people called genius was mostly hard work. But Edison was a dreamer as well as a worker. From his earliest days as a child he wondered about the secrets of nature. Nature, he often said, is full of secrets. He tried to understand them; then, he tried to learn what could usefully be done with them. Edison enjoyed thinking. He knew that most people will do almost anything instead of the difficult work of thinking, especially if they do not think very often. But he knew, too, that thinking can give men enjoyment and pleasure. Edison could not understand how anyone could be uninterested in life. As he loved to think, he also loved to work. On the day he became 75 years old, someone asked him what ideas he had about life. \"Work,\" he answered. \"Discovering the secrets of nature and using them to make men happier.\" He said he had enough inventions in his mind to give him another 100 years of work. \n Answer: Many other people have changed Edison's life.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9a4401b28ba3443798e78d89c97ed78f",
            "input": "Article: McGill Comedy Club Important meetings today. Discussion on putting on Blazing Saddles. Union room 302, 3-4pm. New members (both actors and non-actors, living and dead) are welcome. History Students' Association Prof. Michael Cross of Dalhouseie University will be speaking on \"Unskilled Labor on Rivers and Canals in Upper Canada, 1820-1850: The beginning of Class Struggle\" at 10am. in Peacock 230. Design Mirror Sale All types and sizes of design mirrors priced to please. Sale today in Union room 108. McGill Teaching Assistants' Association A general meeting, for all the Tas will be held at 4pm. in peacock 116. Women's Union Important general meeting at 6pm. Union room 423. Speaker on \"Importance of Deciding Basic Goals of the Women's Union.\" Everyone ----old, new and those interviewed, please attend. Film Society Last meeting of the term for all members. All managers are required to be present at 6pm. sharp, Union room 434. Canadian University Students Overseas CUSO presents \"Guess Who's Coming to Breakfast\" at 7pm. newman Centre, 3848 Peel. Find out about CUSO here and overseas. Everyone welcome. \n Answer: Blazing Saddles.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the name of a play?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a16844c1d1e4b73ae8a09e37b64bbc3",
            "input": "Article: Marketing Professionals A major US corporation in the health and nutritional industry has announced the opening of its direct selling division in Taiwan. The company offers the most lucrative compensation plan in the industry and has paid over NTD   3.5 billion in commissions in just 6 years in the US. We are a group of top earners. Applicants should meet the requirements: (1) Taiwan citizen (2) Have experience in marketing (3) Aggressive, energetic, and willing to learn If you believe you have what it takes to develop this business, please dial 2742-6996. Job B An international company requires a Service Technician To service and maintain electronic medical equipment,applicants should have degree in electronics.  The selected candidate will have a training program to be conducted by our manufacturer's trained technical personnel. Interested candidates please apply immediately with a resume  and mail to P.O. Box 594. Or telephone Ms Chang at 2945-0027 for an immediate interview. Job C Wanted: Reporters & Editors Qualifications: * Strong command of English language * Chinese speaking and reading ability a must * A university degree * Journalism education and/or experience preferred * Flexible working hours (30 hours per week) * Good work environment and medical insurance, etc. Fax resume and work samples, if any, to The China Post at(03) 2595-7952. Job D Southeastern Travel Services Tour Guides Duties: To conduct escorted tours  for foreign visitors;to assist with travel and transportation arrangements. Qualifications:  Good appearance.  High school diploma. Good knowledge of English. Outgoing personality. Dial 2703-2172 after 3 p.m.. Ask for Gary. \n Answer: Some marketing experience.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is required for marketing professionals?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d06b48b370bf4888b211a1eedb7f8333",
            "input": "Article: The Dixie Chicks used to be known as the biggest-selling female group in music history. Now they are known as one of the most disputed . In 2003, Natalie Maines, the lead singer of the Dixie Chicks, was in the news. During a concert in London, she criticized President Bush for his political actions. She spoke less than two weeks before the invasion of Iraq. The Chicks did not realize the effect of those words. They soon lost their fans. They even received death threats. The comment changed the direction of their lives, music, and beliefs. Now, their new album Taking the Long Way shows their new musical direction. It is about acting and thinking freely. Maines openly sings about criticizing the president. She says she learned about herself by expressing her beliefs. The album also represents the Chicks' new musical style. In the past, they only sang songs influenced by country music. They did not always write their own music. Now, they are adding some rock sounds to their song collection, and they wrote every song on the album. Taking the Long Way quickly became the top-selling album in the country when it was released at the end of May. But many country music radio stations will not play music by the Dixie Chicks. Many people in the country music industry now oppose the band for criticizing the president. However, the Dixie Chicks continue to stress the importance of standing firmly and bravely for what they believe in --no matter what people may think or say. \n Answer: The lead singer said negative comments about the president's political actions.",
            "output": [
                "What caused the Dixie Chicks to be the most disputed musical group?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cee1ed5d49eb490fb34fdcbf73e8020c",
            "input": "Article: The life of an actor appears attractive and many young people dream about becoming one. But the truth is, it is very hard work. If you're successful, there are deadlines to be met, appointments to keep and the press to deal with. If you're not successful, then life is extremely tough. I remember when I started out, I had to search the advertisement board at my drama school every day to look for acting jobs. Drama school was expensive and I needed extra cash to help pay the fees. I welcomed every small job. I played extras in many crowd scenes and became a confident participant in a lot of TV commercials for hair shampoo, soap and washing powder. I had been working for about two years before I got my lucky break. One day, as I was passing the drama school, I decided to go in to check the notice board. There was nothing on it and I was just leaving when the secretary came along the corridor with a piece of paper. She asked me how I was and I told her life was hard and work was difficult to find. The next moment, she put the paper in my hand and walked away. My hands were shaking as I unfolded the paper, full of expectation. To my surprise, it was an audition   for a clown for the Canadian circus. I couldn't stop myself from laughing. I had expected an audition with a famous director for a new film! When I was at drama school, there had been a course in acrobatics and clown tricks. I had gained top marks in this course for originality and daring. Later I went to the audition feeling very strange. This was not what I'd had in mind when I enrolled in drama school. To my surprise, the job as a clown turned out to be exactly what I wanted. I loved every moment of getting dressed up and putting on the make-up. I had the opportunity to travel the world and I was more than an actor, I was an entertainer as well. I had visited over 32 different countries and entertained millions of people. \n Answer: Feeling anxious and excited.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can best describe the author's feeling when he unfolded the paper?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5df3f4b1079f47f39a03d2e00309302a",
            "input": "Article: How do you know if your home is an easy aim for thefts? Around the holidays, many families don't consider taking proper measures to prevent their homes from suffering holiday thefts. With just a few simple steps, you can better make sure of the safety of your home during all of the holiday celebrations. Here are a few tips for making it difficult to tell you are away from home. *Either have a trusted neighbor pick up your mail and newspapers, or tell your mailperson to hold your mail until you return. Nothing says \"Hey, we are not home!\" like when your postbox is filled with all kinds of mails and you have many different newspapers in your driveway. * Set several different lights in your house on random timers . Don't leave your outdoor lights on all the time.Instead, put your outside light on timers to be on during the nights. If an outdoor light remains on for days at a time, it means that nobody is home to turn it off. * If you have pets that you are not taking with you on vacation, leave them with friend, rather than having someone come into your house every day to take care of them, When thefts see a neighbor or friend entering your house every day, they will know you are not home. * Close all your curtains when you leave town. This is effective to _ possible thefts, as no one can see what is in your house. If they don't know what there is to take, then the risk is even greater for them to break in. *This article just has suggested a few tips to help you keep your house safe on holiday.Nothing can truly protect your home unless you have it monitored by a professional home security system. \n Answer: To tell us how to prevent the thefts around the holidays.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cf91599e7d1a4098895d8282d411f7a7",
            "input": "Article: I had recently arrived in London and I wanted to see some of the famous places. Should I go to the seaside? Or maybe one of the famous parks? I walked along the street, past a kindergarten playground, and suddenly saw an underground railway station. I was surprised because it was not on my map. I went to buy a ticket. The ticket-seller looked very old. He gave me a ticket, said \"Remember it's a return\", laughed and walked away without taking my money. Was it special for tourists? A train arrived. I could not see any other passengers. I got on and the doors closed. I suddenly felt I should not have got onto the train. It started to go faster and faster, shooting along the tracks. As it entered the tunnel, everything became as dark as midnight and I do not remember the next few minutes. The train came to a station and I got out. I could see light shining in the distance so I walked towards _ and came to a door. Beyond it there was a busy street. There were lots of English people walking about, and I could see some of the famous buildings of London, but there was something wrong. The people's clothes were strange. There were no cars, no motorbikes--but there were horses everywhere. Was someone making a film? \"Excuse me,\" I said to a man. \"Would you mind telling me where I am and what is happening?\" \"What do you mean? Who are you? Where do you come from? Are you from China? This is London and everyone's going to work. Can't you see that?\" he asked. \"Thank you, sir. I'm sorry, but could I look at your newspaper?\" I asked. \"You can have it,\" he said as he walked off. I looked at it; I saw \"New Bicycle Law\" and above that \"July 5, 1880\". Maybe I should have walked around, but I ran back to the door. I waited a long time. I was very afraid. A train came. I got on. It took me back to the first station. As I left, a woman asked, \"What were you doing in that abandoned station?\" I had no answer, but I still had the newspaper in my hand. \n Answer: Because he couldn't find the station on his map.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the author surprised at the beginning of the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-467b9e09675d484282ea6b9019c1455f",
            "input": "Article: Good Housekeeping has discovered that even if a child wear a helmet when she bikes, or skates, it may not protect her from a serious head injury. Every year, 390,000 children under age 15 go to hospital emergency rooms with bike-related injuries. Of that number, about one third children suffer head injuries and an estimated 200 die. By wearing a helmet, a child can reduce her risk of injury by as much as 85 percent. But remember ---- a bicycle helmet must fit properly to be safe. Here are five steps to making sure your child's helmet fits properly. 1) If you haven't bought your child's helmet already, you might want to consider one with a rear stabilizer . A rear stabilizer holds the back of the head gently and helps the helmet stay correctly positioned. 2) The helmet should fit closely and shouldn't slide from side to side or front to back. If your child can put two fingers on both temples inside the helmet, it's too big. Try a smaller size. But if the next size down is too small, use the fit pads . Fit pads come in different sizes and attach to the helmet with Velcro. 3) Tell your child to open her mouth widely and ask if she can feel the helmet push down onto the top of her head. If she can't, you need to readjust her helmet. 4) To prevent strap slippage, wind a rubber band around the strap where it meets the fastener. 5) Recheck the fit regularly. You should replace the bicycle helmet: If she has been in an accident with it. If the buckle  breaks or if a piece breaks off. If it doesn't have a U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, American Society for Testing and Materials, or Snell Memorial Foundation sticker. If it doesn't fit correctly. Even if the helmet fit perfectly two years ago, it might be too small now. \n Answer: helmet producers.",
            "output": [
                "Who is this passage mainly written for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bd20577f93744fce81f4992ecfa9388f",
            "input": "Article: The first day my new teacher walked into our school in Spanish Harlem, I burst out laughing. Ron Clark was a young white guy from North Carolina who talked with a funny Southern accent . He said he used to be a singing waiter. I thought, who is this guy? He's a complete joke.  It was 1999 and I was in the fifth grade at New York City's P.S. 83.  _ . I'd always been a troublemaker. I'd get yelled at, and then the teachers would give up on me. I thought that's what would happen with Ron Clark. I was wrong. That first week, I kept mocking him. He pulled me out to the hallway and said I'd better shape up. \"Tamara,\" he said, \"you're a smart kid. You can do better.\" He told me I was a natural leader and that I'd go far in life if I started applying myself. I was mad at first, but then something happened: I began to respect him. There were 29 students in our class, and it didn't take long for us to realize that Ron Clark was no ordinary teacher.  He was only 27 and had the most unusual way of teaching. To help us learn the states and capitals, he changed the lyrics of a popular rap hit called \"Thong Song\" and had us sing and dance with him. When we read the Harry Potter books, he decorated  our classroom like Hogwarts. And during the Presidential election, he put campaign posters on the walls and covered the room with 5,000 red, white and blue stars. \n Answer: Disdainful  .",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's attitude toward the new teacher on the first day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-64a5aab3e71c433db16f83a87f597b2e",
            "input": "Article: Each year, road accidents kill a million people and injure millions more. The economic costs are greatest for developing countries. Earlier this year, the United Nations called for a campaign to improve road safety. One way to avoid accidents is better driving. Another is better roads and bridges. Engineers in the Unites States have designed ten new concrete mixtures that they think could make bridges last longer. Professor Paul Tikalsky leads the experiments by a team at Pennsylvania State University. He says bridges made of concrete now last about twenty-five to thirty-five years. But he says the new mixtures might extend that to seventy-five or even one-hundred years. Concrete is made of stone, sand, water and cement . The materials in the cement hold the concrete together. Ancient Romans built with concrete. Yet strengthened concrete bridges did not appear until the late 1800s. People keep looking for new ways to improve concrete. Professor Tikalsky says it is one of the most complex of all chemical systems. The new mixtures designed by his team contain industrial waste products. He says these make the concrete better able to resist damage from water and salt over time. One of the products is fly ash. This is released into the air as pollution when coal is burned. Professor Tikalsky says particles   of fly ash are almost exactly the same size and chemical structure as Portland cement. _ is the most costly material in concrete. So using fly ash to replace some of it would save money. The federal government is paying for part of the research. Engineers anywhere can use the technology. Professor Tikalsky says some of the ideas have already been put to use in China, the Philippines and other countries. \n Answer: Because the United Nations wanted to reduce road accidents and economic costs.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the United Nations launch the campaign?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ecde98ac669b4490b590972e48090181",
            "input": "Article: A disheveled   man appeared in court Thursday on charges of murdering a Chinese woman whose fight with her attacker was seen on webcam  by her boyfriend in China. Police refused to release any details about the crime or its possible motive. The body of York University student Liu Qian, 23, of Beijing, was found Friday in her apartment in Toronto a few hours after her boyfriend witnessed the attack, police said. She was found undressed from the waist down but there were no obvious signs of sexual attack or trauma   severe enough to kill her. Police say it may be weeks before the results of an autopsy   are known. Brian Dickson, 29, stood before the court in a wrinkled white shirt and blue jeans as a charge of first- degree murder was read out. He did not enter a plea. His case was held over until April 26. Dickson was arrested Wednesday. Police only announced his name and his age and asked the media not to publish any photos of Dickson, saying it could compromise the investigation. Toronto police spokesman Tony Vella declined to respond to the request further. Liu's father, Liu Jianhui, who arrived from China after being informed of his daughter's death, thanked authorities for their quick action. \"I sincerely thank the people concerned with my daughter's case,\" he told reporters after the arrest. \"Our daughter was studying very hard.\" Police released no motive or details about Dickson, but one friend described the Toronto man as _ . Patricia Tomasi, a friend of Dickson's, told The Associated Press that she acted in a play at a local theater in Toronto with Dickson in 2007. \"He doesn't seem like the type but that's what they always say,\" Tomasi said. \"He's tall with boyish good looks. I don't know much about him except that he wanted to be an actor.\" Dickson attended York University where he studied global politics, but did not earn a degree from there. He later worked for the Atlantic Council of Canada (ACC), where he served as an assistant to the president Juilie Lindhout. According to his biography on a newsletter from the Atlantic Council of Canada, Dickson has also been a running instructor and has been involved with Developments in Literacy, a Pakistani aid organization that raises money for children in Pakistan. A statement from the Atlantic Council of Canada on Thursday said it was not council policy to comment on staff, but it confirmed that Dickson had been an intern  with the council from September 29, 2008, until March 27, 2009. Liu was chatting with her boyfriend, Meng Xianchao, by webcam at about 1 am. Friday when a man knocked on the door, police said. Meng reported seeing a struggle break out between the two before Liu's webcam was shut off. Meng contacted other friends in Toronto who in turn called police. The victim's father, Liu Jianhui, said his daughter studied at Beijing City University before moving to Canada, where she met Meng. Liu Qian's laptop computer, webcam and mobile phone were taken from the apartment the night of the attack, police said. Police said the online chat was on a live streaming camera and was not recorded, though investigators were trying to figure out if there was any way they could recover it. York University, whose campus is located near one of Toronto's rougher neighborhoods, is one of Canada's largest universities with more than 53,000 undergraduate and graduate students. About 3,200 of York's students come from more than 150 foreign countries, the university's website says. \n Answer: Dickson was a graduate of York University where he studied global politics.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e2e01f7aeb3f485296cda8492cdc58db",
            "input": "Article: It was Andria Baker's high school graduation party, and the time had come for her father to make good on a promise that he had made her years ago, when she was a fourth-grader. \"After you started on your first day of kindergarten and continue it through your last day of high school, and I'll buy you a car.\" Tim Baker had told the child.   Through the years, Andria Baker kept up her end of the bargain, willing herself to go to school on those days even when she felt under the weather. She did carry out her 13th year of uninterrupted coming to the classroom with her final day at Constantine High Sehool even when she was ill. At Sunday's party, her father gave the young woman the keys to a new, $17 000 Pontiac G6. Tim Baker, who teaches seventh grade at prefix = st1 /ConstantineMiddle School, said he has no regrets about the deal. \"Without a doubt, it was worth every penny I spent,\" he said. The look on his daughter's face when she saw the car was great. Baker said, \"When she turned around after seeing the car, she did not know what to do. We got her into the car and she just sat there. Then she ran into the house to get her driver's license, and she and her best friend got in the car and drove down the road.\" Andria Baker, 19, said she thinks she would have gone ahead with that even if a new car had not been promised her. \"A lot of my friends thought I was crazy, but I just kept going.\" she said. Baker plans to go after an education degree at AlmaCollege. \"In my sophomore year I hurt my ankle in a basketball game, and it was really painful,\" she said. \"Also that day I caught a cold and the teacher looked at me and said, 'I'm not the teacher who's going to send you home.'\" \n Answer: She didn't feel good.",
            "output": [
                "What does the phrase \"she felt under the weather\" mean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-359d49e95344430d8ba9e072013dcd5c",
            "input": "Article: Farm-raised pigs are dirty, smelly animals that get no respect. They're also an environmental hazard. Their manure contains phosphorus ,which, when it rains, runs off into lakes and rivers, consuming oxygen, killing fish, stimulating algae overgrowth and emitting greenhouse gases.     Doing away with the pig is not an option. Pigs provide more dietary protein, more cheaply, to more people than any other animal. Northern Europe still maintains the highest pig-to-human ratio in the world (2-1 in Denmark), but East Asia is catching up. During the 1990s, pork production doubled in Vietnam and grew by 70 percent in China--along densely populated coastlines, pig density exceeds 100 animals per square kilometer. The resulting pollution is \"threatening fragile coastal marine habitats including mangroves ,coral reefs and sea grasses ,\"according to a report released in February by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. As it turns out, there is a solution to the pig problem, but it requires a change of mind-set among environmentalists and the public. Two Canadian scientists have created a pig whose manure doesn't contain very much phosphorus at all. If this variety of pig were adopted widely, It could greatly reduce a major source of pollution. But the Enviropig, as they call it, is the product of genetic modification--which is anathema  to many Westerners.     The Enviropig is one of many new technologies that are putting environmentalists and organic-food supporters in _ : should they remain categorically  opposed to genetically modified (GM)foods even at the expense of the environment? Elsewhere, trees grown for paper could be made amenable to much more efficient processing, reducing both energy usage and toxic chemical bleach  in waste water from paper mills. The most significant GM applications will be ones that help lessen the problem of agriculture , which accounts for 38percent of the world's landmass and is crowding out natural ecosystems and species habitats. Chances are, farmers will continue to grow their polluting organic pork, their allergenic organic soy and their neurotoxin  sprayed organic apples. Worse still, they will make sure that no one else gets a choice in the matter of improving the conditions of life on earth--unless, that is, others rise up and demand an alternative. \n Answer: The pollution brought by pigs is a killer to the creature of the sea.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ecebf73ef694b76b3442f1ea355c286",
            "input": "Article: You must have seen an oil lamp  before. But do you know how it works?  One end of the lamp wick  is immersed(............) in oil and the other end is not immersed. When you light the end which is not immersed, it  will burst into flame . This is because the oil is able to rise up the lamp wick thus helping it to burn.     In the same way, if you immerse the end of a piece of chalk into a glass of water, the water will soon climb up the chalk making it wet. If a piece of ordinary glass tubing is heated in a gas flame until it becomes soft,it can be pull into a tube of a very small hole. Immerse the tube into water or any other liquid which wets glass, you will find that the liquid rises to a height of several centimeters. This is known as capillary action. The liquid rises because there is an attractive force between the liquid and the glass. The attractive force depends on the diameter of the tube and the type of liquid used. \n Answer: Because there is oil climbing up the wick.",
            "output": [
                "Why can an oil lamp work?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-28656835420045558ec7d70af269b2b5",
            "input": "Article: If I see one more article about how wonderful alternative energy is compared to oil, I will flip . Alternative energy sources can be good---- very good in fact. And it's pretty obvious that we're going to need them, and that our dependence on oil is a Bad Thing. But accepting that does not mean accepting that any kind of alternative energy is a good thing. To be a good thing, it has to have three properties: 1) It has to help reduce our dependence on oil, 2) It has to be no worse for the environment, and 3) It has to be economically practical. Many of the things praised meet one or even two of those properties. Solar panels, for example. They can reduce our need for oil, at least in certain regions, and they're certainly not bad for the environment. But they're expensive. If you spend the money to make your home solar-powered, you probably won't get back your costs for at least 15 years, which approaches the lifespan of the panels. Certainly we need to clean up our act big time and find workable sources of alternative energy. But we also have to keep in mind that every one of these alternative-energy sources comes at a cost, which is something people seem to forget. They hear the phrase \"alternative energy\" and automatically assume it's got to be good. But green isn't always good, and oil isn't always bad. One seemingly \"green\" technology that pops up again and again is electric cars. It is praised by well-meaning people as good for the environment and a way to reduce our oil dependence, especially as oil prices continue to rise. Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins. People in California love to talk about \" zero-emissions vehicles\", but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants mostly use fire to make it. Aside from the new folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators. Generators are fueled by something---- usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal  plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something. In other words, those \"zero-emissions\" cars are likely coal-burning cars. It's just because the coal is burned somewhere else that it looks clean. It is not. It's as if the California Greens are covering their eyes ---- \" If I can't see it, it's not happening. \" Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas ( or another fue) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat ---- at the generator, through the transmission  lines, etc. A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won't get you nearly as far ---- so electric cars burn more fuel than gas- powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from nukes; or geothermal, or hydro, or solar, or wind, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don't use much of those energy sources. In addition, electric cars' batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it's a power plant, though, all the junk is in one lace. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot. \n Answer: Solar panel is a good example of alternative energy that meets three properties.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements will the writer support?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8fc7c7a8f6a54556b6ac9df4d5f7a547",
            "input": "Article: Bali  is home to most of Indonesia's Hindu minority. Here's how to get the most out of a 48hour visit: FRIDAY 3pm--There's nothing like a good meal. La Lucciola is the place to go, with its good food, great service and a beautiful view of the sea. You can hire a car for some 450,000 rupiah per day. This will help you have more to spare during your trip there. 5pm--About an hour away from La Lucciola is Uluwatu. This southern tip of the island is famous for its temple that lies on the edge, high above the sea. Fire dance is performed here daily at sunset. 8pm--To finish off the evening, head to Jimbaran Bay where restaurants offer candles, dances, boys singing songs. Kick off your shoes, feel the sand, and enjoy the night. SATURDAY 9:30am--Start the day with another taste of culture by heading for a \"barong and keris\" dance performance. It's held in many places. One is the Catur Eka Budi in Denpasar, capital of Bali. 12pm--About 50km from Denpasar is Kintamani, a favorite with tourists for the view of active volcano Mt. Batur. It's a good idea to reach Kintamani early as it gets cloudy after 3pm. Have lunch at a local restaurant with a view of Mt. Batur. Tourists can climb to Mt. Batur to catch the sunrise. 6:30pm--Spa time! Spa Hati is a good place. Book ahead. SUNDAY 6am--It's time to go to the sea. Don't forget the camera. 10:30am--Another halfday trip to two of the most famous temples in Bali. Drive down to the Taman Ayun temple at Mengwi. 12am--Next up is the Tanah Lot temple, perhaps the most famous of them all. Built on a rock, it's best seen in the afternoon when it's against the sun or at sunset. \n Answer: Hiring a car.",
            "output": [
                "How can you save time during your trip in La Lucciola according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5408338763da40be83d017ecc49b3510",
            "input": "Article: DIY sailor Owen Warboys has finally launched his homemade boat -- after spending nearly 30 years building it in his mum's garden. Owen, 66, a retired engineer from Hordle, New Milton, Hants, first started work on the 40ft--long boat in 1982 because he could not afford to buy his own. He told mum Edith that it would only take five years but after suffering \"a few problems\" it lasted nearly three decades. When he finally finished, he was left with the head-scratching task of getting the 18-tonne boat out of the back garden. After some time he found a way. A huge crane   was brought in to carefully raise it 40ft in the air over his mother's house and onto a lorry. It was then driven to the seaside and, to Owen's delight, it floated and showed no signs of leaking when lowered into the water. Now, 28 years after he first started, Owen is at last preparing to set sail in his beloved boat, Wight Dolphin, with his long-suffering wife Anne. Owen said, \"I am so relieved that it's finished. There were times when I thought it would never end but I'm the sort of person who likes to finish something once I've started.\" At first he persuaded his mum to let him do it in her garden and started taking in sheets of steel and pieces of wood. \"My mother was happy for me to build it at her house but only bacause I told her it would only take five years.\" \n Answer: He had a hobby of making things by hand",
            "output": [
                "Why did Owen decide to make his own boat by himself?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-de0d35dc1a3249c3be061d0b81b82e37",
            "input": "Article: A week ago, I read When Money Talks, Listen! by Rich Ezzo. It took only about an hour to read, and that included one trip to the coffee maker and about 10 distractions  from Alex, our cat, who thinks he is the center of the universe. When I first received a copy, I thought it was a get-rich-quick type of publication. There is nothing wrong with that kind of book, but my mind just doesn't chase after dreams of wealth. I figure that if God ever wants me to be rich, he knows where to find my purse. When I began reading When Money Talks, Listen!, I was overjoyed to find that Rich Ezzo isn't money hungry either. He, too, is hungry for things far more important than money. I absolutely love this e-book. Why did I wait a week to write the review ? simple. I wanted to see if the impact it had on me could keep up. After reading the last word of the e-book, I totally agreed with the subtitle which promised to forever change the way we thought about money. I had so many thoughts running around my mind that I had to install a stop light to stop some while others made their way into the picture. I had a mental traffic jam, which only goes to show how slow the traffic usually is. It has been a week and the impact is the same. I guarantee this is an e-book you'll want to read. I urge you to visit the author's website, MysterMoney. Com, and to download the e-book. You won't regret it. \n Answer: to strongly recommend an e-book",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-48b2ac5952554c74ad70ca09772251b1",
            "input": "Article: Wearing a big hat and playing a guitar, a country music singer is using his rising and falling voice to tell the audience about his love, hope and loss. Few people could avoid getting caught up in his feelings. This is the appeal of country music, which speaks to the basic emotions of human life. Throughout the 20th century, it has grown into one of the most original and lasting American musical forms. Country music's roots are in the songs of the American South, brought over by early immigrants  from England. Those songs expressed the hardships of rural life and deep religious beliefs. In the 1920s, country music came into being as its first recordings were made. Early stars like Jimmy Rodger, known as \"The Father of Country Music\", and the Carter Family established its strong traditions - good song-writing, singing and playing. Much of this music was written for and brought to the American public through the cowboy films of the 1930s and 1940s. It was widely popular then and many singers turned up on stage wearing Western fringe and cowboy hats. In the 1950s, the country music recording industry was set up in Nashville and moved away from its rough roots. But singers like John Denver, with his hit track \"Take Me Home, Country Roads\", insisted on the originality and emotions of \"real\" country music. Younger artists in the 1990s turned to older country styles and mixed t3vhem with elements of rock 'n' roll. Steve Earle, with his song \"The Devil's Right Hand\", is typical of this so-called \"another country music\". Country music continues to speak to Americans of all ages and backgrounds. And it gives the nation an identity . Unlike pop music, country music was American, and only American. During its development, it continued to emphasize that \"American\" element and sounded completely different from its English ancestors. It may even be said that its sound and story tell the history of the United States. \n Answer: Singing for those working in the fields.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the typical image  when a country music singer performs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d125ac36cc744082af503284b7f02b4a",
            "input": "Article: The 2016 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad, is a major international multi-sport event. The host city of the Games will be Rio de Janeiro, Brazil as announced at the 121st IOC Session held in Copenhagen, Denmark, on October 2, 2009. They are scheduled to be held from August 5 to 21, 2016, making them the first Summer Olympics to be held during the host city's wintertime. This will mark the first time a South American city hosts the event, and also the first time a Portuguese-speaking country hosts the event. \"The world has recognized that the time has come for Brazil,\" said President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. There have been questions about Rio's bid because of the high level of violence which so often scars the city's image, but in one glorious moment that was all set to one side for a truly Brazilian party. In his speech earlier, President Lula had promised, \"Rio will deliver an unforgettable Games. You will see for yourselves the passion, the energy and the creativity of the Brazilian people.\" \"It will not be just Brazil's Games but South America's. It will serve to inspire the 180 million young people on the continent. It is time to redress the balance. It is time to light the Olympic flame in a tropical country.\" Rio plants to stage all the competitions inside the city, bringing \"dynamics to the Games and facilitating the athletes' interaction,\" according to the bid website. The 2016 Summer Olympic programme features 28 sports and a total of 42 disciplines. \n Answer: It will be the Games of the 30th Olympiad.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true about the 2016 Olympics?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-194605f739954608bc19162318a1e0a2",
            "input": "Article: Most evenings, before watching late-night comedy or reading emails on his phone, Matt Nicoletti puts on a pair of orange-colored glasses that he bought for $8 on the Internet. \"My girlfriend thinks I look ridiculous in them,\" he said. But Mr.Nicoletti, a 30-year-old consultant in Denver, insists that the glasses, which can block certain wavelengths of light emitted by electronic screens, make it easier to sleep. Studies have shown that such light, especially from the blue part of the spectrum  , _ the body's production of melatonin ,which helps people fall asleep. Options are growing for blocking blue light, though experts caution that few have been adequately tested for effectiveness and the best solution remains avoiding brightly lit electronics at night. A Swiss study of 13 teenage boys, published in August inThe Journal of Adolescent Healthshowed that when the boys wore orange-colored glasses, also known as 'blue blockers' and shown to prevent melatonin, in the evening for a week, they felt \"significantly more sleepy\" than when they wore clear glasses.The boys looked at their screens, as teenagers tend to do, for at least a few hours on average before going to bed, and were monitored in the lab. Older adults may be less affected by blue light, experts say, but blue light remains a problem for most people, and an earlier study of 20 adults aged 18 to 68 found that those who wore orange-colored glasses for three hours before bed improved their sleep quality considerably relative to a control group that wore yellow-colored lenses, which blocked only ultraviolet  light. LEDs used in devices such as smart phones, tablets and televisions tend to emit more blue light than incandescent products . LEDs are also increasingly popular as room lights, but \"warm white\" bulbs, with less blue, tend to be a better choice than \"cool white\" for nighttime use. The lighting company Philips also makes a reduced-blue LED bulb, meant to be used before bedtime.\"In theory, anything that will decrease that blue light exposure at night will be helpful.\" said Christopher Colwell, a scientist at the UCLA, \"I know some gainers who swear by those orange-colored glasses.\" But orange glasses are not a panacea . Dr. Skene said.\"It isn't just getting rid of the blue and everything's fine,\" she said. The intensity of light, in addition to color, can affect sleep, she said, and not all brands of orange-colored glasses have undergone enough independent testing for their ability to aid sleep. During the daytime, experts say, exposure to blue light is good. Best of all is sunlight, which contains many different wavelengths of light.\"That's what our brain knows,\" said Kenneth P.Wright Jr., director of the sleep and chronobiology  lab at the University of Colorado, Boulder. A 2013 study he led, published in the journalCurrent Biology, showed just how different things can be without nighttime lights. After participants had camped in the mountains for a week, their bodies began to prepare for sleep about two hours earlier than normal. Short of cutting out all evening electronics, experts say, it's advisable to use a small screen rather than a large one; dim the screen and keep it as far away from the eyes as possible; and reduce the amount of time spent reading the device. \"If you can look at the iPhone for 10 minutes rather than three hours, that makes a lot of difference,\" Dr.Skene said. \n Answer: All brands of orange-colored glasses are not reliable for their ability to aid sleep.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e285cf784c0d4a579f3c204332ae77f7",
            "input": "Article: Tiny monitoring devices have become an increasingly common way for scientists to study elusive animals that are difficult to track on a day-to-day basis. However, now it seems that smart. seals have caught on to the trick and are using it to their advantage to catch fish! To find out if that is true, a team of researchers from the University of St. Andrews in Scotland selected a group often young grey seals that had neither encountered the ocean nor been exposed to any kind of acoustic tags. The researchers then placed the seals one at a time, inside a pool that contained 20 foraging boxes, only two of which housed fish -- one with tags and the other without. Each seal was allowed to explore the boxes twenty separate times. In order to ensure that mammal was not depending on its memory, the fish were moved to different boxes each time. At first, there was no difference in the amount of time it took the seals to discover the tagged and untagged fish. However, after they had been in the pool a few times, they started locating the tagged fish much faster. To confirm that this indeed was the case, there searchers conducted a second experiment using two boxes -- one with pieces of fish and the other with just acoustic tags. Sure enough, the seals were all attracted to the one that was sending out signals. While this experiment involved only seals, the researchers believe that other marine mammals may also be using the information to catch prey. Sadly, predators like sharks that have been tagged by scientists may be negatively affected, as pings they emit could warn their prey of their presence. Besides potentially messing up nature's food chain, the \"dinner bell\" effect of the acoustic tags could also mean that the conclusions reached by previous fish studies may not be correct. Now that the secret is out, scientists will have to come up with another way to conduct their studies -- one that is not detectable by the crafty marine animals. \n Answer: They were not born in the ocean.",
            "output": [
                "What is implied about the ten young grey seals?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f39ed52b2b94bb6a8f87251968f6d49",
            "input": "Article: The deadly earthquake and tsunami   that struck Japan on March 11 damaged two nuclear power stations. Officials are now working to prevent dangerous radiation from poisoning the air in the area surrounding the Fukushima Daiichi plant. The Japanese government has ordered people living within 12 and a half miles of the plant to , and asked those living 12 and a half to 20 miles away to stay indoors. Nuclear power plants create energy using a chemical reaction that produces large amounts of heat. Reactors in Japan have many long, thin rods, called fuel rods , which must be kept cool. If the reactor's fuel rods aren't cooled, the reaction can burn out of control. That's what happened at the two Japanese plants after the quake caused a power failure and the cooling systems malfunctioned . This overheating could cause radiation to escape and sicken many people. Japan's 54 nuclear reactors are built to withstand the many small or moderate earthquakes the country faces each year. But Friday's earthquake was one of the most severe earthquakes ever recorded. People exposed to unsafe levels of radiation have a higher than normal risk of getting cancer. The Japanese government has been distributing potassium iodide pills to people in the surrounding areas to protect those who may have come in contact with radiation from the power plant. The pills flood the body with healthy potassium iodide. The potassium iodide works to crowd out \"bad\" iodine in the body that may have been poisoned by radiation. On Tuesday morning, 750 workers left the Fukushima Daiichi plant. However, 50 workers stayed behind to use sweater to cool the fuel rods. These dedicated employees are risking their own lives to save many others. On Thursday, officials used helicopters, fire trucks, and water cannons to spray water on the reactors to cool the fuel rods. But it's not clear whether these efforts were successful. Officials are now working on a power line to restore electricity to the plant. They hope this will help restart the plant's cooling system and stop the fuel rods from leaking radiation. \n Answer: The two stations were damaged because their cooling systems didn't work.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f388c18d88564ec4a2b592ab7ec81123",
            "input": "Article: Thomas James Hanson will remember for a long time the snowstorm that hit the state of New York on November 22. The 47-year-old man from Niagara Falls was stuck in his car on the highway for almost eight days after his vehicle was accidentally pushed to the side of the road and covered with snow by workers employed to remove the snow from the streets. Driving on the Interstate Highway 190 during the worst of the snowstorm, Mr. Hanson decided to pull over his old 1993 Volkswagen Passat to the side of the road and wait for the weather conditions to improve. He remained motionless for approximately five hours before a snow plow arrived to clear the way. Unfortunately for the poor man, the driver of the gigantic snow removal vehicle did not see the small car, pushing it into the ditch and covering it with more than 2 meters of snow. Fortunately for the father of two children, the snow that was stacked over his vehicle was not very dense and allowed for enough fresh air to get through to enable him to survive. He was able to drink  Thomas Hans water that he obtained by melting snow with his lighter in an aluminum coffee cup, and he ate the few items of groceries he had bought before going home. \"If I had known I would be stuck for eight days, I would have bought more than a jar of dill pickles , a bottle of ketchup and two sticks of beef jerky ,\" said the survivor with a smile.on had almost lost all hope of being rescued when his car was hit once again this morning by another snow plow, which revealed the poor man's location. \n Answer: A snow removal vehicle.",
            "output": [
                "What caused Thomas James Hanson to fall into the ditch according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9e5d4b6bec874090a2cd6e36aceafee2",
            "input": "Article: Too much eating. Too many unhealthy foods. Too many ads for food. Too few activities. Different reasons are given for America's weight problem---a problem increasingly shared by other countries. Almost one-fifth of American children and teenagers are overweight. Schools have been asked to increase physical education, an important tool for public health. However, a recent study has shown an increase in the number of injuries in P.E. classes. Researchers say one possible reason for this is a decrease in the number of school nurses. Schools without a nurse on duty may be more likely to send an injured child to a hospital. Another possible reason for more injuries is a change in the traditional idea of physical education. This \"New P.E.\" expands the kinds of sports that are taught. But activities that some schools offer now, like rock climbing and skateboarding, can also increase the risks, says Cheryl Richardson, who is with the National Association for Sport and Physical Education(NASPE). She also says not all states require P.E. teachers to be specially trained. Untrained teachers could be less likely to recognize unsafe conditions. Cheryl Richardson points to one of the study's findings -that injuries are often the result of contact with a person or a structure. This tells her that the teachers were not giving each student enough space to move around safely. Six activities produced seventy percent of all injuries: running, basketball, football, volleyball, rugby and gymnastics. The researchers say larger class sizes are another possible reason for the increase in injuries. Larger classes can mean less supervision . The National Association for Sport and Physical Education says twenty to thirty students in a P.E. class should be the limit. \n Answer: What kinds of activities are safe for school students.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ecf30f2cd91426b8527f284c9a46dc9",
            "input": "Article: Are we getting more stupid? According to Gerald Crabtree, a scientist at Stanford University in the US, we are. You may not want to hear this, but Crabtree believes that human intelligence reached its peak more than 2,000 years ago and ever since then has been going downhill. \"If an average Greek from 1,000 BC were transported to modern times, he or she would be one of the brightest among us,\" Crabtree told The Guardian. At the heart of Crabtree's thinking is a simple idea. In the past, intelligence was critical for survival when our ancestors had to avoid dangerous animals and hunt for food. The difference of being smart or stupid is often life or death. However, after the spread of agriculture, when our ancestors began to live in dense farming communities, the need to keep their intelligence in peak condition gradually reduced. This is not hard to understand. Most of the time, pressure is what keeps us going - you need the pressure from your teachers to finish your homework; the pressure of looking pretty prompts  you to lose weight when summer comes. And the same is also true of our intelligence - if we think less, we become less smart. These mutations  are harmful to our intelligence and they were all developed in the past 3,000 years. The other evidence that Crabtree holds is in our genes. He found that among the 2,000 to 5,000 genes that we have that determine human intelligence , there are two or more mutations in each of us. However, Crabtree's theory has been criticized by some who say that early humans may have better hunting and surviving abilities, but people today have developed a more diverse intelligence. For example, spearing a tiger doesn't necessarily require more brainpower than playing chess or writing a poem. Moreover, the power of modern education means a lot more people have the opportunity to learn nowadays. \"You wouldn't get Stephen Hawking 2,000 years ago. He just wouldn't exist,\" Thomas Hills of the University of Warwick, UK, told Live Science. \"But now we have people of his intellectual capacity doing things and making insights  that we would never have achieved in our environment of evolutionary adaptation.\" \n Answer: Mutations in genes that decide human intelligence have affected the development of intelligence.",
            "output": [
                "What is Crabtree's recent finding according to the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-690670ac021e42b1b43b6858463af2f9",
            "input": "Article: Working at camp is a great journey that not only creates lifelong memories for yourself ,but the chance to make an influence on the loves of children who attend Kids Camp. As a summer camp professional, you are a teacher , a friend and most importantly a role model. Staff-members ensure the Our youngest staff is  18, but most are over 20 years old  we desire a staff with a strong interest in children and job-related experience,Each tent has six campers and two staff members ,We run an exciting range of activities and programs such as Athletics, Arts, Basketball ,Computers , Field Games, Fun & Games, Gardening, Hiking, High\\Low Ropes Course, Nature Education. Great Reasons to Become a Camp Professional     Meet energetic, warm-hearted staff from around the world     Gain meaningful leadership experience     Sing crazy songs and wear funny costumes     A positive challenge you will remember in the rest of your life     Make a difference to the life of a child Staff Needs Lifeguards --Red Cross certified preferably holding a current WSI certification  High Ropes Staff--training/certification  from a nationally recognized organization     Fun & Games - lead non-competitive athletic games Juggler/Clown - teach circus skills     Archery - with certification from a nationally recognized course Nature/ Garden - with strong knowledge or interest in natural wildlife and gardening Dave Meizels , Camp Director     E-mail: demeizels@channe12kidscamp.org     Tel:860-742-2267     Contact Dave if you have any questions about our-application process. \n Answer: .Employing staff for Kids Camp.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the text?'"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-85cd2f612c8844bcacb250a157ef7a67",
            "input": "Article: March is a month of fun-filled activities for the entire family! When you want some family fun activities for March, consider these ideas centered on some of the events and holidays happening in this month. Dr. Seuss's Birthday March 2ndis Dr. Seuss's birthday and kids and adults of all ages can celebrate with books, games and more to honor this famous author of kids' books. Take some time in March to read your favorite books with your children or to read some you have never read before. Spring Break Spring Break can be the perfect time for families while the children are out of school. There are many places for families during this time period. For example, you might consider a trip to a local theme park or a national park. They often run junior camps and other activities during Spring Break that you can enjoy as a family. St. Patrick's Day St. Patrick's Day is on March 17thand you don't have to be Irish to enjoy this holiday. This is a great time to get all the family together to enjoy quality time together. You can also take this time to explore the holiday, its history and what it means. You can also start or continue with your own St. Patrick's Day traditions that your family can continue year after year. Seasonal Arts and Crafts Arts and crafts can be a fun family activity all year round. So if you're looking to spend this fun time together in March, you can look for some seasonal arts and crafts ideas. You can do early preparation for Easter, spring plants and pictures, sun catchers for hanging in the windows or other seasonal related ideas. This is also a great time to consider planting a flower garden or working on outdoor craft projects. \n Answer: Parents.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the text written for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3a13ddda43ce400e8d3062c16269d04f",
            "input": "Article: WASHINGTON -- Patients with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, often develop vitamin deficiencies  . A new study has found that giving these patients a multivitamin with a mineral supplement   helps to fight the disease and slows the disease's progression.    Sub-Saharan Africa has always been the center of the AIDS. In Botswana, despite aggressive prevention campaigns, one out of every four adults is infected with HIV. Professor Marianna Baum based her latest research there.     Baum recruited almost 900 newly infected adults who had not yet received the anti-AIDS drugs that target the virus.    These adults were then divided into groups that randomly received different combinations of vitamins B, C and E, the mineral selenium   or a placebo  .    Most patients with HIV become deficient in these vitamins, which help improve immunity  . Baum said she initially thought the multivitamins alone or selenium alone would be effective in strengthening the immune system, but found that incorrect.    \"We were surprised to find that only the combination was effective,\" said Baum.    Research shows that when people with HIV receive anti-retroviral drugs   shortly after infection, they can remain healthy and are less likely to pass the virus to others. For many countries, however, the cost of these anti-AIDS drugs is still prohibitive.     Baum said the vitamin and mineral combination treatment should help low income countries better control the virus.    \"A simple multivitamin supplementation with selenium provided early in HIV disease can actually slow the HIV disease progression and it is safe. It is low cost and it should be provided very early in HIV infection,\" said Baum.    Baum said the supplements are not meant to replace anti-retroviral therapy, but can help those who cannot obtain the drugs.    Dr. Anthony Fauci, a world famous expert on AIDS, disagrees.    \"I haven't read the paper, but having taken care of HIV-infected individuals for three decades, I would doubt that vitamins are going to have a major effect on stopping the virus,\" said Fauci.    Fauci said vitamin and mineral supplements may make a patient generally healthier, but the only thing that truly works to stop HIV is anti-retroviral treatment.     Baum's study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. \n Answer: a newspaper",
            "output": [
                "Where is the passage probably taken?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4dfd413f7e1a48fc96e72e49a679db8b",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever ''Googled'' yourself?     More Americans are Googling themselves-and many are checking out their friends,co-workers and romantic interests,too.     In a report Sunday, the Pew Internet and American Life Project said 47 percent of U.S.adult Internet users have looked for information about themselves through Google or another search engine.That is more than twice the 22 percent of users who did in 2002,but Pew senior research specialist Mary Madden was surprised the growth wasn't higher.     \"Yes,it's doubled,but it's still the case that there's a large number of Internet users who have never done this simple act of plugging their names with search engines,\"she said.     Americans under 50 and those With more education and income were more likely to self-Google--in some cases because their jobs demand a certain online persona.Meanwhile.Pew  found that 53 percent of adult Internet users admit looking up information about someone else. celebrities excluded. Often,it's to find someone they've lost touch with.But looking up information about friends,  s,colleagues and neighbors was also common. Although men and women equally searched for online information about themselves.women were slightly more likely to look up information about someone they are dating.     In many cases,the search is just done to find someone's contact information.But a third of those who have conducted searches on others have looked for public records,such as bankruptcies and divorce proceedings.A similar number have searched for someone else's photo.     Few Internet users say they Google themselves regularly-about three quarters of self searchers say they have done so only once or twice.And most who have done so consider what they find accurate.     Pew also found that teens were more likely than adults to restrict who can see their profiles at an online hangout like Facebook or news Corp's MySpace. \n Answer: 22%",
            "output": [
                "How many of Internet users googled themselves in 2002 according to the report?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5eb4981785264e2887207fc87fb8d077",
            "input": "Article: For Yali Liu, the hardest thing about UK higher education is having to go to the pub. \"It's how much you need to invest socially with other students,\" she says. \"I don't like going to a pub or club, but people just keep going out and I feel the pressure to go out too.\" This is because, unlike in China, she says, there is so much emphasis during the course on teamwork and group projects, so socialising with other students - especially British people, is crucial. Liu, 23, who is in her final year of a BSc in business administration at the University of Bath, is one of more than 80,000 Chinese students studying in UK universities. They are responsible for a large proportion of the more than PS10bn a year that international students contribute to the UK economy. However, research shows that where their academic attainment  is concerned, the picture is not satisfactory. While nearly 58% of all students - and 45% of overseas students graduated with a first-class degree last year, this was true of only 35% of students from China. To find an explanation, Zhiqi Wang and Ian Crawford, lecturers at the University of Bath, compared the performance of Chinese and British undergraduates in each year of their degree. Taking a sample of 100 British and Chinese students and comparing their average marks and final degree classification, they found a dramatic drop in performance among the Chinese students between year one, when they performed better than their UK counterparts, and year two, when they performed worse. They believe the drop results from two factors. First, Chinese students fail to adapt their approaches to learning and so their performance declines in the later years when the complexity of the work increases. Second, many young people in China enroll in higher education due to pressure from family rather than their own motivation. Professor Sedghi thinks part of the problem may be the changing socio-economic background of Chinese undergraduates. While 85% of Chinese students at British universities before 2000 were mature students, often funded by the government, since 2004, however, they have been younger, most funded by their families. Maybe UK institutions need to work harder to take into account what a big challenge it is for young people from a radically different culture and linguistic background to adapt to life in the UK. \"We need to do more, contacting students before their arrival, assigning them tutors, encouraging peer-assisted learning, for example,\" says Sedghi. \n Answer: She is not good at socialising with local students.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred about Yali Liu from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e6d46d9c4db34c6aa18601af6adfdd6a",
            "input": "Article: The joys of reading are the ones I've known since childhood, and they continue to this day. And the benefits of reading, for me, are immeasurable. Loving the written words was what led me to journalism. But not every child has the chance to enjoy these pleasures and benefits. In Buffalo---one of the poorest cities in the nation---this is particularly true. Over a third of Buffalo's children are living in poverty. Families who struggle for food and clothing certainly don't have the money for books. That's where a Buffalo news-sponsored program called \"Books for Kids\" steps in. Through an unusual book drive  and collection of cash donations, the effort places books into the hands of needy local children, usually through community organizations that serve children. Since it began in 1995 ---the  _ of Rose Ciotta, then a Buffalo news reporter, along with two wonderful local Buffalo State college professors, Geraldine Bard and Elizabeth Cappella ---the effort has distributed more than 1.5 million books to children. Returning to the personal side, both of my children know the value of putting books in the hands of children. Successful students themselves became interested from an early age. My sons, Alex, now a college senior, founded the Books for Kids High School Coalition as a Canisius High School student. He handed it down to his sister, Grace, a Nardin Academy senior this year, who has carried on the tradition of organizing book drives in local high schools. It's been one of the great satisfactions of my life that both of my children have been deeply involved in the program. \n Answer: To provide books for poor children.",
            "output": [
                "What is main purpose of \"Books for Kids\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2501b953650a4d30b489b2ca2a8ea513",
            "input": "Article: You are seeing a film in which two men are having a fight. They hit one another over the heads with chairs. And so it goes on until one of the men crashes through a window and falls thirty feet to the ground below. He is dead! Of course he isn't really dead. With any luck he isn't even hurt. Why? Because the men who fall out of high windows or jump from fast moving trains, who crash cars or even catch fire, are professionals. They do this for a living. These men are called stuntmen. That is to say, they perform tricks. They actually do most of the things you see on the screen. For example, they fall from a high building. However, they do not fall onto hard ground but onto empty cardboard boxes covered with a mattress. Again, when they hit one another with chairs, the chairs are made of soft wood and when they crash through windows, the glass is made of sugar! But although their work depends on tricks of this sort, it also requires a high degree of skill and training. Often a stuntman's success depends on careful timing. For example, when he is \" blown up\" in a battle scene, he has to jump out of the way of the explosion just at the right moment. Naturally stuntmen are well paid for their work, but they lead dangerous lives. They sometimes get seriously injured, and even killed. A Norwegian stuntman, for example, skied over the edge of a cliff a thousand feet high. His parachute (  ) failed to open and he was killed. In spite of all the risks, this is no longer a profession for men only. Men no longer dress up as women to perform some dangerous actions. For nowadays there are stunt girls , too. \n Answer: Sometimes an accident can happen to a stuntman.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the author's example of the Norwegian stuntman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a8c907965b764bbf9e6b346da4d08c86",
            "input": "Article: Events in New Jersey (From April 11th-23rd) Bloomfield Public Library, 90 Broad Street.(973)566-6200. \"Catch Me if You Can\", starring Leonardo DiCaprio.Monday, April 11th \"The Invention of Lying\", comedy.Thursday, April 14th, 8 p.m. \"Sideways\", starring Paul Giamatti.April 18 \"Phone Call From a Stranger\", with Bette Davis.April 21 All are Free. Studio Montclair, 33 Plymouth Street.(973)744-1818. \"Sustainability and the Artistic Vision\", group show featuring artists who use sustainable materials. Through April 23. Mondays through Saturdays, 9 a.m.to 5 p.m., or by appointment. The Community Theater, 100 South Street.(973)539-8008. Russian National Ballet Theatre presents \"Chopiniana\" and \"Romeo and Juliet\". April 15, at 8 p.m. $27 to $57. Essex County Environmental Center, 621 Eagle Rock Avenue.(973)228-8776. \"New Jersey Wood-turners\", adults learn to create art from pieces of wood found in nature. April 18 at 7 p.m. $8; members, free. Monmouth Museum, 765 Newman Springs Road.(732)747-2266. \"Give Peace a Chance: John Lennon and Yoko Ono's Bed-in for Peace Exhibition\", featuring more than 40 large-format images by the photojournalist Gerry Deiter. Through April 22. $7; children under 2, free. Tuesdays through Fridays, 10 a.m.to 4:30 p.m. William Paterson University, 300 Pompton Road.(877)978-3923. \"The African Impact on the American Experience: Between Race and Culture\", panel discussion moderated by Prof.Lawrence Mbogoni. Tuesday, April 12 at 12:30 p.m. American Labor Museum, 83 Norwood Street.(973)595-7953. \"The Line That Divides: _ Trade Corridor\", exhibition of photographs, paintings and video by Pamela Calore. Through April 23. Wednesdays through Saturdays, 1 to 4 p.m., or by appointment. $3 to $5; members and children under 12, free. \n Answer: (973)566-6200",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following number can offer you more information if you show interest in John Lennon and his wife?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f3b029b1723d4aaab78a27cb84823e5a",
            "input": "Article: When you're lying on the white sands of the Mexican Rivera, thestresses  of the world seem a million miles away. Hey, stop! This is no vacation--you have to finish something. Here lies the problem for travel writer and foodcritic  Edie Jarolim. \"I always loved traveling and always liked to eat, but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things,\" Jarolim said. Now you can read her travel advice everywhere--- inArts and Antiques, inBrides, or in one of her three books,The Complete Idiot Travel Guide to Mexican Beach Resorts. Her job in travel writing began some eight years ago. After getting a PhD in English in Canada, she took a test for Frommer's travel guides, passed it, and got the job. After working at Frommer's, Jarolim worked for a while at Rough Guides in London, then Fodor's where she fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the U.S. that she moved there. Now as a travel writer, she spends one-third of her year on the road. The rest of the time is spent completing her tasks and writing reviews of restaurants at home in Tucson, Arizona. As adventurous as the job sounds, the hard part is fact-checking all the information. Sure, it's great to write about a tourist attraction, but you'd better get the local museum hours correct or you could really ruin someone's vacation. \n Answer: Checking all the facts to be written in the guides.",
            "output": [
                "What is most difficult for Jarolim?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f022d25143c844d890fdb14a087f0e46",
            "input": "Article: A study made by University of Sussex found that men and women who frequently used several types of technology at the same time had less grey matter in a key part of the brain . The researchers said : \" Simultaneously , using mobile phones , laptops and other media devices could change the structure of our brains . \" Worryingly , the part of the brain that shrinks is involved in processing emotion . The finding has linked multi-tasking with a shortened attention span , depression , anxiety and lower grades at school . The researchers began by asking 75 healthy men and women how often they divided their attention between different types of technology . This could mean sending a text message while listening to music and checking email , or speaking on the phone while watching TV and surfing the web . The volunteers were then given brain scans which showed they had less grey matter in a region called the anterior cingulated cortex ( ACC ) . The findings held even when differences in personality were taken into account . The study , published in the journal PLOS ONE , is the first to make a link between multi-tasking and the structure of the brain . Researcher KepKeeLoh said : \" Media multi-tasking is become more popular in our lives today and there is growing concern about its impacts on our cognition and social-emotional well-being . \" He added that more researches are needed to prove that multi-tasking shrinks the brain . This is because it is also possible that people with less grey matter in the ACC are more likely to use lots of devices simultaneously . Scientists have previously described brain structure can be altered on prolonged exposure to new environments and experience . Other studies have shown that training - such as learning magic or taxi drivers learning the map of London - can increase grey matter densities in certain parts . \n Answer: The decrease of grey matter in the ACC affects emotion .",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about grey matter from the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ec6f31a9dec44a47a51745edc6139077",
            "input": "Article: English is a language spoken all around the world. There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English. Most native speakers of English are found in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ireland and New Zealand. In total, for more than 375 million people, English is their mother tongue. An equal number of people learn English as a second language. These people will perhaps speak the language of their own country at home with their family, but the language of the government, schools, newspapers and TV is English. However, the number of people who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million. Everywhere in the world children go to school to learn English. In China, students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those in hong Kong, where many people speak English as a first or a second language. In only fifty years, English has developed into the language most widely spoken and used in the world. English is the working language of most international organizations, international trade and tourism. English is also the language of global culture, such as popular music and the Internet. You can listen to English songs on the radio or use English to communicate with people around the world through the Internet. With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. \n Answer: 75,000,000.",
            "output": [
                "How many people learn English as a second language?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-60372d29ae9a4086a547d49bfe0931ee",
            "input": "Article: For some reason Dodger did not want to enter London during daylight, so it was nearly eleven o'clock at night when they got near the centre. Oliver had never seen a dirtier or more miserable place. The streets in this district were narrow and muddy, and there were terrible smells everywhere. Children wandered around even at this time of night, in and out of the many shops, playing and screaming. The pubs were full of people fighting, and big, evil-looking men stood in the doorways or at dark corners. Oliver almost wanted to run away, but just then Dodger pushed open a door and pulled Oliver into a dark hall. \"Who's there?\" a voice cried out. \"It's me,\" said Dodger. The faint light of a candle appeared in the hall. \"Who's the other one?\" \"A new friend.\" They went up some dark and broken stairs. Oliver could hardly see where he was going, but Dodger seemed to know the way, and helped Oliver up. They entered a room with walls that were black with age and dirt. In front of the fire was a table with a candle stuck into a bottle of beer, and an old man, with a horribly ugly face and red hair, stood next to the fire cooking. He was wearing a dirty old coat and seemed to divide his attention between his cooking and a number of silk handkerchiefs, which were hanging near the fire. There were several rough beds in the room. Four or five boys, about the same age as Dodger, sat round the table, smoking and drinking like middle-aged men. They all looked up when Dodger and Oliver entered. \"This is him, Fagin,\" Dodger said to the old man. \"My friend Oliver Twist.\" Fagin smiled and shook Oliver's hand. Then all the young gentlemen came up to him and shook both his hands very hard, especially the hand which held his few possessions. One of the boys was particularly kind. He even put his hands in Oliver's pockets so that Oliver would not have to empty them himself when he went to bed. The boys would probably have been even more helpful, but Fagin hit them on their heads and shoulders until they left Oliver alone. \"We're very glad to see you, Oliver,\" said Fagin. \"I see you're staring at the handkerchiefs, my dear. Aren't there a lot? We've just taken them all out to wash them, that's all! Ha! Ha! Ha!\" This seemed to be a joke, as the old gentleman and all his young friends gave loud shouts of laughter. Then supper began. Oliver ate his share of the food and was then given a glass of gin-and-water. Fagin told him to drink it fast. Immediately afterwards, Oliver felt himself lifted onto one of the beds and he sank into a deep sleep. \n Answer: Because they wanted to steal something from Oliver.",
            "output": [
                "Why did all the young gentlemen come up to Oliver and shake his hands very hard?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-262c2a1fdcf24da19f12f9b274fb7ce6",
            "input": "Article: As the population grows and temperatures rise, it will become more difficult to grow enough food for everyone. So, scientists are exploring the planet for plants that do not need as much water as today's crops. The Mojave Desert in the US state of California is home to some of these plants. Scientist Heather Rose Kates of the University of Florida is in that desert. She is searching along roads for a plant called coyote melon which is a kind of squash .Coyote melon may not taste good, but it can be grown in places that have little rainfall. The desert where it grows gets just 15 to 20 centimeters of rain per year, or less. Other kinds of squash need at least two and a half centimeters per week to grow. Scientists are considering combining wild coyote melon with regular squash to see if they can make a tasty vegetable that doesn't need as much water to grow. That could be useful on a planet growing warmer and more crowded every day. Andy Jarvis works at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture. He says farmers will need to produce 50 to 70 percent more food by 2050 to feed the world. So, he says, researchers are studying the wild versions of farm-grown crops. But he says there is a problem. He says many wild versions of farmed plants are disappearing. He says they are threatened and scientists have not collected their seeds for future use. Scientist Kates is part of an international effort to gather these plants and save their seeds while it is still possible. Workers are collecting wild potatoes in Argentina and wild peppers in Para-guav. The plants and seeds will be sent for storage to the Global Seed Vault in Norwav and at Kew gardens in Britain. Ms Kates spends most of her time in a laboratory. She says gathering plants has helped her understand more about them. \n Answer: It is welcomed by many American people.",
            "output": [
                "Why do scientists study coyote melon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-340fd0f48be040fa8b5d9d915acd7e27",
            "input": "Article: Adults are happy to tell their children that crusts   will give them curly hair, carrots will help them see in the dark, and spinach will make them strong. Even though adults know it's not totally true, they think it's good for their children's health, a study had found. In a study about 31 per cent of adults said they once told their children the curly hair tale, and 36 per cent said they'd been told the same thing by their mother or father. Among the over-50s, almost half said they'd been promised curly hair if they ate their crusts. A quarter of the 2,000 adults questioned in the study told their children carrots would help them see in the dark. This could be true to some extent because of the high levels of vitamin A and beta-carotene in root vegetables. Another favorite among parents is that milk will make one strong. A third surveyed said their parents told them this, and about 29 per cent said they told their children the same thing. But while there is plenty of evidence to suggest milk is good for people's health, there are also a lot of scientific papers saying it isn't. Thanks to Popeye, spinach is also fed to children, along with the idea that it will make them strong. While there is also some truth in this one, scientists now believe it is not the iron, but the inorganic nitrates   that improve physical power. One in seven of the surveyed admitted telling their little ones that runner beans will make them run faster, which is nothing more than wordplay and has no basis in science. Almost one in five adults were subjected to the same tale in childhood. Just over one in 10 parents told their children green food would turn them into a superhero, and a quarter admitted hiding vegetables in meals. Lyndsay Jones, spokesman for Persil Washing Up Liquid, said, \"It's clear that the most persuasive stories about food are passed on from generation to generation. Our research shows that the ideas continue, and we tell our kids the same things our parents told us, even if they're not always entirely true.\" Crusts may not make your hair curly, but there's plenty of research that says crusts contain more of the goodness than the rest of a loaf. Hopefully, as a result of our Cook with Kids promise, more parents will be encouraged to spend time with their children in the kitchen and teach them the truth about food. \n Answer: Parents can't make sure if some stories about food are totally true.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following does Lyndsay Jones agree?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-410008422ffe41ef9f3c937372c9e435",
            "input": "Article: The best UK cottages for Christmas and New Year  _  It's a solid little Victorian gatehouse outside Ballycastle. It has an association with Irish nationalist Roger Casement. Close to the Causeway Coast, the closest beach is five minutes' drive away. It is a good choice for those who want to avoid stairs, since all the main rooms are on the ground floor. Sleeps 2 adults + 2 children, PS730 a week at Christmas or New Year (three nights from PS389), 353 1 670 4733, irishlandmark.com  _  It is located in a peaceful island, where a priory   was built 1,400 years ago. Guests at Coastguard's Cottage, the latest addition to English Heritage's portfolio  of holiday houses, can explore the priory ruins. The attractive whitewashed house is decorated with calming tones and contemporary furnishings and has views of Lindisfarne Castle. Sleeps 6, PS1,600 a week from 19 Dec, 0370 333 1187, english-heritage.org.uk  _  It sits on a 350-acre private nature reserve. Surrounded by woodlands, wetlands and wild meadows, it's a heaven for wildlife. You might meet a few animals on a walk around the reserve. Built by local craftsmen using natural materials, it is a light-filled living space with huge windows, a woodburner   and other essential for winter evenings -- a home cinema system. Sleeps 6, PS1,430 a week from 29 Dec, 01580 720770 kentandSussexcottages.co.uk  _  In snowy winter, the quiet 16th-century cottage near Stowmarket is like a perfect picture on Christmas cards. The inside is also appealing, with a big farmhouse kitchen, antique furniture, comfortable carpets and an impressive fireplace. A good selection of films, music and books are provided. Approached via a single track lane, the cottage sits in three acres of wild meadow, surrounded by plenty of farmland. Sleeps 5, PS1,003 a week from 30 Dec (three nights PS725), 01787 211115, grove-cottages.co.uk \n Answer: PS730.",
            "output": [
                "How much will be charged if a couple with two children stay in Victorian gatehouse for a week at Christmas?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d7cb3e57557044beab14b4ab5b14edb9",
            "input": "Article: People who are hit by lightning and survive often have long-term effects. These may include memory loss, sleep disorders, muscle pain and depression . Experts tell people to seek  the safety of a building or a hard-top vehicle any time they hear thunder, even if it is not raining. They say lightning can strike as far as sixteen kilometers from any rainfall. Lightning can travel sideways. And at least ten percent of lightning happens without any clouds overhead that you can see. People who are outdoors should make sure they are not the tallest thing around. Bend  low to the ground, but do not lie down. And do not stand near a tree or any tall object. Get away from water and anything made of metal. A car is safe, but do not touch any metal inside. Safety experts say people in buildings should stay away from anything with wires or pipes that lead to the outside. The National Weather Service says if you plan to _ any electronic equipment, do so before the storm arrives. Do not use a wired telephone. Do not use water. All these can carry electricity. Some people think a person struck by lightning carries an electrical charge   afterward. Experts say this is not true. It is safe to begin emergency treatment. Each year about four hundred people in the United States are struck by lightning. Last year forty four people died. The average  is close to seventy. The National Weather Service says that is more than the number of people killed by severe storms. \n Answer: Lightning won't do harm to people's health.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6723a339c37149bb84e35209d32cd27d",
            "input": "Article: Health and climate scientists have mapped how climate change affects different parts of the world in different ways. The scientists point to the fact that changes in the past thirty years may, have been affecting human health. Possible effects include more deaths from extreme  heat or cold, more storms and more crop failures in dry periods. The health and climate scientists recently estimated  that climate changes caused by human activity lead to more than one hundred and fifty thousand deaths each year. Cases of sickness are estimated at five million. And the W.H.O. says the numbers could rise quickly by the year of 2003. Jonathan Patz of an environmental institute led the study. Professor Patz points out that climate scientists connected global warming with the heat that killed thousands in Europe in August, 2003. But he says poor countries least responsible(......) for the warming are most in danger from the health effects of higher temperatures. Professor Patz says areas in greatest danger include southern and eastern Africa and coastlines along the Pacific and Indian oceans. Also, large cities experience what scientists call a \"heat island\"effect that can make conditions worse. Representatives  from about two hundred countries hold a meeting in Canada, to discuss climate change. The ten-day meeting ends on December 9th. It is the first such United Nations meeting since the Kyoto Protocol  took effect earlier this year. The agreement aims to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide  and other heat-trapping  gases sent off into the air. \n Answer: A scientist in charge of the study of the climate change.",
            "output": [
                "Who is Jonathan Patz?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7a5e3aab713a4236b2e8b56912447360",
            "input": "Article: Kitty is a little black-and-brown Australian dog. It's not a particularly bright dog. While Dad can make my sister and me afraid just by the tone of his voice, I have never heard him raise his voice at Kitty. In fact, one look from Kitty at the biscuit tin is enough to send my dad flying to get him a snack. Whenever we protest  about the unfair treatment, Dad has a sorry smile on his face. It's become a long-standing family joke that Kitty is the closest thing to a son Dad will ever have. Then, five years ago, our lives were turned upside down when Dad suffered two major strokes within a month. For four long months, mentally he was non-responsive. We had to take turns standing by his bedside to protect him. We were exhausted after every \"shift\" but grateful that he was still alive. As the months went by, I couldn't help but talk about Kitty constantly, often hoping that Dad could show some awareness of what I said. Then one day, without even realizing it, I blurted out , \"Is Kitty a tiger?\" Dad began to smile. It was the first sign in four months that Dad had showed any awareness of what I said. Seeing this, the whole family felt a huge weight lift from our shoulders. Over the next nine months, Dad had to learn all the basic things we take for granted. Dad, who was an independent man with a successful career before all this happened, found it increasingly frustrating . The only thing that ever brought a smile to his face was talk of Kitty. When we massaged Dad's arms and legs to prevent his muscles from weakening, I would always say: \"Now all you need is Kitty to give you a 'lick-lick' foot massage!\" No matter how many times I repeated this comment, the whole family would laugh. \n Answer: Regretful.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel after seeing Dad's smiling to her talk of Kitty?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c9fa6046256d4f5aa30912022c1d287e",
            "input": "Article: In the Night Garden In a magical forest, colourful characters have adventures. A mysterious tide of water appears suddenly next to Igglepiggle. He discovers that he can control it by moving his feet. Excited, he takes it to Makka Pakka who finds it very useful indeed. Children Under 5 Today on BBC2 from 11:05am to 11:35am Last of the Summer Wine To relax, Howard tries a simple trick to change his appearance enough to fool even Pearl. But he soon discovers that taking over someone else's identity can be equally dangerous. Comedy Sitcoms Today on G.O.L.D. from 12:40pm to 1: 20pm The Secret Circle Cassie is an orphaned teenager who discovers that not only is she a witch but that she is also the key that will unlock a centuries-old battle between good and evil. When Cassie accepts a cute boy's invitation to the school dance, Adam struggles to control his anger. Today on Sky Living from 10:00pm to 11:00pm The Kid's Speech Eleven-year-olds, Reggie and William, and 14-year-old Bethan, are determined to improve their speech. Along with their parents, they start a unique course at the Michael Palin Centre for Stammering children. Over two weeks, they open up about their fears and frustrations. Documentary Today on BBC1 London from 10:35pm to 11:25pm \n Answer: In the Night Garden.",
            "output": [
                "If Mary's little brother is free before noon, which play can he watch?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c093d647b1ec453ea372090d4b8a7e65",
            "input": "Article: China is a land of bicycles.At least it was back in 1992 when I travelled the country.Back then everyone seemed to be riding a bicycle.Millions of them,all black.Cars were rare.Yet since my arrival in Beijing last year,I've found the opposite is true.There were millions of cars.However,people still use their bicycles to get around.For many,it's the easiest and cheappiest way to travel today. Bicycles also come in different colours---silver,green,red,blue,yellow,whatever you want. It's fun watching people biking. They rush quickly through crossroads,move skillfully through traffic,and ride even on sidewalks . Bicycles allow people the freedom to move about that cars just can't provide. Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture, I decided to buy a bicycle. Great weather accompanied my great buy. I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started to ride. My first ride home was orderly .To be safe,I stayed with a \"pack\"of bikers while cars on the streets came running swiftly out of nowhere at times. I didn't want to get hit.So I took the ride carefully. Crossing the streets was the biggest problem. It was a lot like crossing a major highway back in the United States. The streets here were wide,so crossing took time,skill and a little bit of luck. I finally made it home. The feeling on the bicycle was amazing. The air hitting my face and going through my air was wonderful. I was sitting on top of the world as I passed by places and people.Biking made me feel alive. \n Answer: Because they are convienent and inexpensive.",
            "output": [
                "According to the suthour,why are bicycles still popular in China today?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f0fa1c120d354e99a5fcc35935c3986c",
            "input": "Article: One day my teacher said, \" .\" From that moment, I knew I had to enjoy my life.Do not waste time, because, you know, time will not come back.You cannot buy it.It is one of those things in life that you must really, really value. When you see an opportunity, take it.You might not get it back.Never let an opportunity pass.And if it is too hard, remember that in the middle of every difficulty lies an opportunity. Remember, you cannot choose how you' re going to die, or when.You can only decide how you' re going to live.Study as if you were going to live forever; live as if you were going to die tomorrow.Don' t just think of the present, but also think of your future. Your future is yet another chapter in your life and another way to live it. Every single living thing has a purpose in life.\"The purpose of life is a life of purpose,\" said Robert Byre. Learn to use time wisely, take opportunities, and enjoy life.We can discover the meaning of life in three different ways: (1) by doing a deed; (2) by experiencing a value; (3) by suffering.Life. \n Answer: When you succeed.",
            "output": [
                "57.According to the author, what can you decide?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-903be4bc54b94c7ca221854730ffdbff",
            "input": "Article: Seated in a convertible   with the top down at 60 miles an hour, Mary looked at the flies that sat on top of Mark's hair. How could they stay there? She wondered. Mary had not seen Mark in years, until the other day when he came into the cafe where she worked. His appearance was different from when he was in high school. Now, he was a bit fat and thick glasses covered his eyes. However, that didn't change Mary's feelings for him at all. He had just bought a brand new red sports car and asked her if she would like to go for a ride and then have dinner with him. Her heart beat with excitement as he opened the door for her. She noticed something very strange as Mark got into the car and started to drive away. On the hair was a group of flies just sitting there. Mary stared in amazement. It seemed the faster they drove, the more determined the flies were to stick to his hair. Mary remained silent. She leaned forward and turned the radio on, to try to _ her attention away from the flies, but she couldn't help thinking about them. She looked up at Mark, who was completely devoted to what was going on and continued to sing to the music while driving merrily along. Finally, Mark pulled the vehicle over to the side of the road beside a diner and looked in the mirror and said, \"Mary, I would like to comb my hair before we get something to eat. Could you reach under the seat and give me my hair cream?\" Mary reached under the seat and pulled out a camping backpack, which contained a round jar and started to laugh wildly as she pointed to the label  . \"That's not hair cream on your hair, Mark! It says it's Fly Trap Glue!\" \n Answer: Mark used to be a thin, handsome boy.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-384a11ed884f4f80a8b69e13465c7ae9",
            "input": "Article: Thanksgiving is a time to give thanks for family, health, and life in general. However, Black Friday has turned it into a business. Traditionally, the true value of Thanksgiving lies at home not the shopping centers. However, Black Friday has nowadays allowed society to ignore _ as individuals long for something that they do not need or even truly want. Shopping on Black Friday becomes a sign of a shift into a culture that values material wealth over spending time with loved ones. People are willing to force their way through the crowds in their desperate search for marked-down sweaters and necklaces. In recent years, Thanksgiving has become a pre-Black Friday holiday for many families. They are devoted to mapping out shopping routes and making organized schedules for which stores to hit first. By drawing individuals out to shopping centers with \"matchless savings\", businesses encourage this behavior of ignoring Thanksgiving. Many families take their home-cooked meals while camping out at the door of shopping centers. With each new year, Thanksgiving is becoming victim to over-commercialization--switching from a meaningful time of thanks and family to a day dedicated to products and profit. Black Friday has shown that with current common standards, people cannot even set aside a single day to appreciate what they already have without immediately buying more. Families have lost sight of what is truly important in life, and have found reasons in debating between a low cost HD television and an appreciation for what they already have. Remember, Thanksgiving should be a day in which people are grateful for all that they have. \n Answer: Make full preparations for the Black Friday shopping.",
            "output": [
                "In recent years, what will many families do when thanksgiving comes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6375c40cc0774f198ddee73b9c3da4e7",
            "input": "Article: Digital technology -- email and smart phones especially--have vastly improved workers' ability to be productive outside of a traditional office. Even so, most white-collar work still happens in an office. One reason is that, according to findings of a new survey   of office workers conducted by Wakefield Research for the IT company Citrix, most bosses are doubtful about remote working. Half of the workers say their boss doesn't accept it, and only 35 percent say it's tolerated. Skeptical bosses will likely have their doubts reinforced   by the same survey, which shows that 43 percent of workers say they've watched TV or a movie while \"working\" remotely, while 35 percent have done housework,and 28 percent have cooked dinner. It is true, however, that working at home makes people much more efficient  , because it allows workers to take care of annoying housework while still getting their jobs done. It's much faster, for example, to shop for groceries at a quarter to three than to stand in line during the after-work rush. The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted reflects how far we haven't come as a society from the days when we expected every full-time worker to be supported by a full-time homemaker. More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers may be missing a low-cost way to give workers something of value. Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who haven't worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home. Under such circumstances, smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough ability to change or be changed easily to suit a different situation to manage their time efficiently. \n Answer: They fear losing control of their workers.",
            "output": [
                "Why do some employers hesitate to allow remote working?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e67c127c799a4d88aa7e9929db85bc7f",
            "input": "Article: Is losing weight as simple as doing a 15-minute writing exercise? In a new study, women who wrote about their most important values, like close relationships or religion, lost more weight over the next few months than women who didn't. \"We have this need to feel self-integrity (,),\" says Christine Logel of the University of Waterloo. \"When something threatens your sense that you're a good person, like failing a test, we can buffer  that self-integrity by reminding ourselves how much we love our children, for example\". For this study, the researchers recruited 45 female undergraduates, of whom 58% were overweight. Each woman was weighed, and was then given a list ofimportant values, like creativity, music or relationships with friends and family members. Each woman ranked the values in order of how important they were to her. Then half the women were told to write for 15 minutes about the value that was most important to her. The other half, a control group, were told to write about why a value far down on their list might be important to someone else. The women came back months later to be weighed again. Women who had written about an important value lost an average of 3.41 pounds, while women in the control group gained an average of 2.76 pounds. \"How we feel about ourselves can have a big effect,\" Logel says. Maybe when one of the women who wrote about an important value went home that night, she felt good about herself and didn't eat to make herself feel better. Over a few months, that could make a real difference in her life, \n Answer: They may feel good about themselves and then eat less than usual.",
            "output": [
                "How can a 15-minute writing exercise ofimportant values affect people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0bbe5ecd172e4a53add73ca1af1f10f2",
            "input": "Article: Erica and Steve Lineberry have been rock climbing since 2005. They were first introduced to it while visiting a family in Montana. Now they are at climbing centers, like Inner Peaks in Charlotte, three times a week, and on weekends they climb outdoors. Steve said they first started climbing as part of their exercise. Years later, he lost 60 pounds. But as the couple's interest in the sport grew, they consulted some _ and started climbing outdoors. Then Erica got pregnant. \"Most people think that rock climbing and pregnancy don't go very well together,\" Erica said. But with lots of places to go, Erica kept climbing through her pregnancy. Then her son, Canaan, was born. She says the baby immediately started participating in the family sport. \"He went to the gym the first time with us at four weeks old, and then we took our first outdoor trip, just a day trip, at six weeks old with him.\" Now Canaan is three-year-old, and Erica is once again pregnant: 7 months along. During her first pregnancy, she blogged about climbing while pregnant. Now her Cragmama.com website is a top resource for families who rock climb. Erica said, \"I think a lot of people will say, they'll wait a few years until they get into an easier age or an easier life phase with their kids. And I think if they wait for that they're going to wait forever.\" Her message to women is to quickly climb back into the things you love; and that your life is not over once you are a mother. Cragmama.com website is quickly becoming the face of mommy rock climbing. She contributes to a handful of climbing magazines. Outdoor equipment companies ask her to wear and use their gear . And her website is a popular resource for families who are not only interested in climbing with their children, but also interested in taking on other adventures too. \n Answer: A couple who learn how to climb.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author intend to tell in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c77315e326e48e0b9b097034c1de006",
            "input": "Article: Over three years ago, the French director Jean--Pierre Jeunet and actress Audery Tautou won people's hearts with their popular comedy \"Amelie\". The fairytale-like film tells the story of a single waitress who helps lonely people find love. Now, _ are back with another film. \"A Very Long Engagement\" is a film about World War I. It received 12 nominations from France's Cesar Awards last week, including best film, best director and best actress. Mathilde (Audrey Tautou) is a young woman who becomes disabled after suffering from a disease as a chilD.She lives on a farm with her aunt Benedicte (Chantal Neuwith) and uncle Sylvain (Dominique Pinon). She receives a regular income from the wealth left to her by parents. She has a fierce and loyal love for Manech (Gaspard Ulliel), her childhood boyfriend and fiance' . He is the son of a lighthouse keeper. When he goes off to the battle fields of World War I, she is lonely, but confident he will return. Early on in the film, five French soldiers are sentenced to death because of intentionally hurting themselves to escape duty. They are pushed into the German's line of fire. They are made to protect themselves without guns. One of them is Manech. Mathilde firmly believes that Manech is alive. She is determined to find him. She hires a private detective to find out what really happened to those French soldiers. Through letters, photographs, interviews with people who remain alive after the war, and wartime papers, Mathilde discovers how cruel the war is. She also sees the heroism of ordinary men, trying to stay alive on the battle field. It's funny, sweet and sometimes sad to watch. Jeunet gives a realistic portrait of warfare. Tautou remains the emotional center of the film. She shines as Mathilde, a woman who suffers one failure after another, but refuses to give up her seek for her lover. It's a film for all romantic people who are in search of true love. \n Answer: She was a strong-willed woman.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about Mathilde from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-05dfd94e3e424ea4b69f9b0f8058f226",
            "input": "Article: Balzac was good at buying things at its lowest price. One day he wanted to buy a vase in a shop window that was much more expensive than he could offer. Not being able to make the shopkeeper cut down its price very much, he left without further talking. Collecting a half dozen of his friends, he explained his wish to them and they worked a plan. The first would enter the shop and make an offer, lower than the marked price. Not getting the vase at his price, he would walk out. Shortly after another would enter and ask for a price lower than the first. In this way, each of the others would offer a price lower than the one before, and the last of his friends made a great effort to attempt to get it at the lowest price. Before long Balzac himself would return, offer more than the last two or three persons made and trust to luck. The plan worked--- Balzac got the vase at his price! \n Answer: At first the price of the vase was much higher than Balzac could offer.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a543fd2076664a76816fbed470996877",
            "input": "Article: Experience whale watching unlike anywhere else on the planet! This trip explores the west coast of southern Baja and the renowned whale breeding lagoons of Magdalena Bay, Visitors enjoy opportunities for up close and personal encounters with gray whales,great sea kayaking ,excellent bird viewing,beautiful sunsets,and delicious food at our remote base on the shores of the Pacific Ocean,    LA PAZ    All trips begin and end in La Paz.It lies 800 miles south of the USA/Mexico border,on the Sea of Cortez. La Paz is the capital of Baja California Sur,and the largest city in southern Baja. It is located on a large,natural bay, and some of Baja's most beautiful islands are just a short distance offshore. Maleeon,the waterfront area of La Paz is particularly beautiful,and the sunsets across the bay are usually quite spectacular! Local families and tourists often gather along Malecon to enjoy this nightly show.It's the perfect place to walk before and after a meal at one of the many restaurants or sidewalk cafes.     MAGDALENA BAY Magdalena Bay is a series of lagoons from the Pacific Ocean,which are shielded by low barrier islands .It is also the winter breeding grounds of the California Gray Whale.It is one of the three largest bays on Baja's Pacific coast where the whales go to mate and give birth from late December through March each year. Protected mangrove estuaries provide an exciting exploration via sea kayak.                           Every trip that we lead draws on the experience of countless tours and trips across the world.Our kayak guides hold certifications from both the American Canoe Association and the British Canoe Union. Our guides are all skilled naturalists and will share their knowledge of the area's natural history,marine biology,birds and local flora .Through their humor and skill,they will give you a rich and deep experience of this place.Great Mexican cuisine and the culinary skills of our staff make for tasty meals in this remote setting on the Pacific coast.     ITINERARY      Our itinerary is designed to give our guests the best opportunities to view whales up close and experience the natural beauty of this area.It includes 2 nights in La Paz, and 3 nights camping in our remote ocean side location.There is enough opportunity for kayaking,hiking,relaxation,in addition to the incredible whale watching expedences.     Day l:Arrival in La Paz airport.You'll be greeted by our friendly staff and transported to the hotel.Pre-trip meeting with guides at the hotel in the evening.(B,D)     Day 2:In the morning you'll ride in our van for 3.5 hours to the launch site on the west side of the peninsula .We'll board the ships for a two-hour journey of whale watching in the heart of whale activity (this is truly the best way to get up close to these gentle giants)and settle into camp & dinner. (L, D)     Days 3-4:Our days are filled with watching dolphins,whales and birds,exploring the forest,hiking along the sand dunes , kayaking the warm inland waters, swimming or star-gazing. (B,L,D)      Day 5:After some more whale watching in the the morning, we'll depart for La Paz and spend the night in the hotel.(B,L)     Day 6:Fly home from La Paz.     INCLUDED     Professional American guides,2 nights hotel accommodations and meals in La Paz,all sea kayak equipment,camping group gear ,and other equipment,meals as noted (B=Breakfast, L=Lunch,D=Dinner),airport transfers on Days l and 6,motorboat transfer and support.     NOT INCLUDED     Airfare to La Paz,alcoholic beverages in town,and personal items. \n Answer: Malecon<La Paz<Baja California Sur",
            "output": [
                "What is the right order of the following places from small to large?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-672d6dc3dc974331b7171339438a0c77",
            "input": "Article: Personality is, to large extent, inherent --A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor lives of their children. One place where children _ A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the \"win at all costs\" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides,  the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying,\"Rejoice, we conquer!\". By far the worst form of competition in school is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into Bs. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management. \n Answer: inheritance, competition and environment.",
            "output": [
                "According to the author, what factors contribute to the building of personality?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ab749a1e6dd4d71a513390b1c36ddd3",
            "input": "Article: Until she was six, Oprah Winfrey lived on a farm with her grandmother. She remembers, \"One day, my grandmother was boiling clothes because at that time we didn't have a washing machine. I was four years old, and I remember thinking, 'My life won't be like this. It will be better.' \" It is better-- much better. Winfrey is a billionaire, and \"the Oprah Winfrey Show\", which is watched by over 20 million people every day, has won many awards.    As a little girl, Winfrey was always different. She learned to read when she was three. She read the Bible in church and was famous for being the little girl who talked a lot. Since then, talking has been the most important part of her life.    She got her first big chance while at Tennessee State University. At age 17, she was offered a job at a radio station. Next, she hosted a talk show, \" People Are Talking\" , which soon became very popular. People felt comfortable telling her about their lives, and people liked her warm interviewing style. After a year, the show was renamed \" The Oprah Winfrey Show\" , and she was a star.    Winfrey's real dream, though , was to be an actor.    Finally, she achieved this when she starred in \" The Color Purpose\" in 1985. Her performance won her an Oscar nomination . She now has her own production company. Harpo Productions (\"Harpo\" is \"Oprah\" spelled backward).Winfrey says her greatest lesson in her life is \" not living my life to please other people, but doing what my heart says\". \n Answer: At the age of 4.",
            "output": [
                "When did Oprah Winfrey make up her mind that her life would be better?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8ab5f00ca1fc4873a98583fb8a85e966",
            "input": "Article: While every dog owner knows their dogs can read their moods perfectly, scientists have always been a piffle doubtful.Now thanks to some researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria; we finally have some convincing evidence. For their study, biologist Corson Miller and his team exposes eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy.Half the dogs were rewired for touching the screen when shove a happy face, while the other half gilt their treat for selecting those that appeared angry. Interestingly, the dogs were not provided with the entire face.Some dogs were show Ti only upper halves while the others observed lower halves.That's because the scientists believe humans show their eruptions on their equities face. After some training ill.e how to recognize small differences like the wrinkles between the eyes or the changes in their shape that accompany the happy or angry expressions, the dogs were mostly able to identify the correct expression not only on a familiar face but on a strange face, the researchers concluded the dogs were smart-enough to read human emotions. They also found those being trained to read angry expressions took a longer time to learn.They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to withdraw quickly.However, once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewired, the trepidation seem end to disappear.In fact, the dogs had such a good time playing the computer \"game\" That scientists had a hard time keeping them away from the touch screens after the study was completed. The researchers also noticed only dogs with a male owner had a harder time understanding the expressions correctly.Since the touches careen models were all females, this confirmed what has been observed in previous studies-dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the serene gender as their owner. \n Answer: By showing digital pictures of women's happy or angry faces.",
            "output": [
                "How did the scientists conduct the experiment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a3aa2990040444ed8cc57ca3053da5b2",
            "input": "Article: A long time ago, there lived a poor man whose real name has been forgotten. He was little and old and his face was wrinkled, and that was why his friends called him Mr. Vinegar. His wife was also little and old, and they lived in a little old cottage at the back of a little old field. \"John,\" said Mrs. Vinegar, \"you must go to town and buy a cow. I will milk her and churn  butter and we shall never want for anything.\" \"That is a good plan,\" said Mr. Vinegar, so he started off to town while his wife waited by the roadside. Mr. Vinegar walked up and down the street of the town looking for a cow. After a time, a farmer came that way, leading one that was very pretty and fat. \"Oh, if I only had that cow,\" said Mr. Vinegar, \"I would be the happiest man in the world!\" \"She's a very good cow,\" said the farmer. \"Well,\" said Mr. Vinegar, \"I'll give you these 50 gold pieces for her.\" The farmer smiled and held out his hand for the money, \"You may have her,\" he said, \"I always like to oblige  , my friends!\" Mr. Vinegar took hold of the cow's halter and led her up and down the street. \"I am the luckiest man in the world,\" he said, \"for only see how all the people are looking at me and my cow!\" But at one end of the street, he met a man playing bagpipes  . He stopped and listened -- Tweedle Dee Tweedle Dee. \"Oh, that is the sweetest music I ever heard,\" he said, \"and just see how all the children crowd around the man and give him pennies! If I only had those bagpipes, I would be the happiest man in the world!!\" \"I'll sell them to you,\" said the piper. \"Will you? Well then, since I have no money, I will give you this cow for them.\" \"You may have them,\" answered the piper, \"I always like to oblige a friend.\" Mr. Vinegar took the bagpipes and the piper led the cow away. \"Now we will have some music,\" said Mr. Vinegar, but try as hard as he might, he could not play a tune. He could get nothing out of the bagpipes but \"squeak, squeak\". The children instead of giving him pennies laughed at him. The day was chilly and in trying to play the pipes, his fingers grew very cold. He wished he had kept the cow. He just started for home when he met a man who had warm gloves on his hands. \"Oh, if I only had those pretty gloves,\" he said, \"I would be the happiest man in the world.\" \"How much will you give for them?\" asked the man. \"Oh, I have no money, but I will give you these bagpipes,\" answered Mr. Vinegar. \"Well,\" said the man, \"you may have them for I always like to oblige a friend.\" Mr. Vinegar gave him the bagpipes and drew the gloves on over his half frozen fingers. \"How lucky I am,\" he said as he trudged  homeward. His hands were soon quite warm, but the road was rough and the walking hard. He was very tired when he came to the foot of the steep hill. \"How shall I ever get to the top?\" he said. Just then he met a man who was walking the other way. He had a stick in his hand which he used as a cane to help him along. \"My friend,\" said Mr. Vinegar, \"if only I had that stick of yours to help me up this hill, I would be the happiest man in the world!\" \"How much will you give me for it?\" asked the man. \"Well, I have no money, but I will give you this pair of warm gloves,\" said Mr. Vinegar. \"Well,\" said the man, \"you may have it for I always like to oblige a friend.\" Mr. Vinegar's hands were now quite warm, so he gave the gloves to the man and took the stout  stick to help him along. \"How lucky I am!'' he said as he toiled upward. At the top of the hill he stopped to rest. But as he was thinking of all his good luck that day, he heard someone calling his name. He looked up and saw only a green parrot sitting in a tree. \"Mr. Vinegar, Mr. Vinegar,\" it cried. \"What now?\" said Mr. Vinegar. \"You're a dunce  , you're a dunce!'' answered the bird, \"you went to seek your _ and you found it, then you gave it for a cow, and the cow for some bagpipes, and the bagpipes for some gloves, and the gloves for a stick which you might of cut by the roadside. He He He, you're a dunce! You're a dunce!'' This made Mr. Vinegar very angry. He threw the stick at the bird with all his might. But the bird only answered, \"You're a dunce! You're a dunce!\" And the stick lodged in the tree where he could not get it again. Mr. Vinegar went on slowly for he had many things to think about. His wife was standing by the roadside and as soon as she saw him, she cried out, \"Where's the cow? Where's the cow?\" \"Well, I just don't know where the cow is,\" said Mr. Vinegar. And then he told her the whole story. \n Answer: 4",
            "output": [
                "How many exchanges happen in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a45ac2bd2b36486b9a2b20691475eb9c",
            "input": "Article: LONDON ( Reuters)-- Ecotourism   is causing a lot of damage to wildlife and may be endangering the survival  of the very animals people are flocking to see, according to researchers. Biologists and conservationists   are worried because polar bears, dolphins, penguins and other creatures are getting stressed and losing weight and some are dying. \"Evidence is growing that many animals do not react well to tourists in their backyard,\" New Scientist magazine said. The immediate effects researchers have noticed are changes in behavior, heart rates, or stress hormone levels but they fear it could get much worse and over the long term \"could endanger the survival of the very wildlife they want to see\". Although money produced through ecotourism, which has been growing at about 10--30 percent a year, has major benefits for poor countries and people living in rural areas, the Swiss-based World Conservation Union (IUCN) and some governments fear not all projects are audited   and based on environmentally friendly policies, according to the magazine. \"The transmission  of disease to wildlife, or small changes to wildlife health through disturbance of daily life or increased stress levels, while not obvious to the casual observer, may translate to lower survival and breeding,\" said Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand. Scientists have noticed that bottleneck dolphins along the northeastern coast of New Zealand become nervously excited when tourist boats arrive. Similar changes in behavior have been observed in polar bears and yellow-eyed penguins in areas visited by ecotourists are producing smaller babies. Conservationists are now calling for more research into the effect of ecotourism on animals and say the industry must be developed carefully. They also want studies done before new ecotourism projects are started. \"The animals' welfare should be very important because without them there will be no ecotourism,\" said Rochelle Constantine of the University of Auckland in New Zealand. \n Answer: More research should be done on ecotourism.",
            "output": [
                "What's the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d4a7966a79c94a9eacf90459883ee2a9",
            "input": "Article: With eco-tourism on the rise, eco-hotels are fast becoming the darling of the travel industry. These days, however, staying at an eco-hotel doesn't necessarily mean vacationing in a tree house in the Costa Rican jungle, although that is certainly a choice. The majority of eco-hotels fall into several categories: hotels and resorts that conserve ecologically important habitats; \"green\" hotels that reduce, recycle, minimize waste, and protect water; sustainable hotels that harvest food from gardens on the hotel property or get part or all of their power from renewable energy; hotels that encourage community involvement such as guests taking part in trail clearing; and hotels that offer some form of environmental education to their guests. As such, eco-hotels are a various group. Stylish urban hotels like the Willard Inter-Continental Washington focus on energy conservation whereas the Rosario Resort & Spa on Orcas Island in Washington State offers a wildly popular \"green\" vacation package where guests can \"take a hike, clear a trail\". No matter what you call them, eco-hotel, eco-lodge, eco-resort, or green hotel, they're all part of the \"greening\" of the tourism industry. Part of what drives this greening of the hotel industry is no doubt competition. Going green is another way to distinguish a hotel from the mass of other excellent hotels that consumers have to choose from. But for many hotels, it's also part of their philosophy. With the concept of \"going green\" firmly rooted in consumers' minds, eco-hotels have taken it to the next level, and whether or not money is the driving factor behind the greening of the hotel industry doesn't matter so much as it's good for the planet. \n Answer: It uses renewable energy.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following can match the idea of eco-hotel?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb3efa86508746e5992a05b170f2d4b0",
            "input": "Article: When I was about twelve, I headed to a restaurant for dinner with my family. It was winter, and on that particular night, the wind was really blowing. As my mom and I headed towards the restaurant from our car, a girl about my age and her mother came up to us. They asked if we had any spare change. My mom immediately asked where they kept their things. They pointed to an old car in a parking across the street. The girl said there were six of them living in that car, which was the same size as my own family. My mom said she had something to do after handing the people a few dollars. She sent me inside the restaurant with my dad and my three siblings. But she didn't come. Later, I found out she had gone home and practically emptied our cupboards into a few bags. Then, she brought that food over to the car and handed the bags to the family. I wasn't there when that part happened, but I can only imagine the joy it brought to their faces. A few days later, when I actually found out about what she had done, I asked her why she helped those people. She told me that they were not lucky. I remember the face of that girl who had asked us for change, she was the same age as me, yet we looked so different. Here I stood, dressed in almost new clothes, headed to dine in a restaurant and then back home to the bedroom I shared with my younger sister. I remember thinking that the other girl didn't have any food to eat. and she was heading back to a cold car shared with five other people. After painting this picture in my mind, I understood why my mom had done what she did. I will never forget what she did that night, and how she taught me one of the best lessons I ever learned. \n Answer: Considerate and enthusiastic.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best describes the author's mother?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b137ce3a6a464cfd8d3f36704b91122a",
            "input": "Article: Watch out, Yahoo.There's a search engine out there with super speed and accuracy.It's really cool. Google is the Web's largest search engine.In just two years it has gained a fame for surprising speed and accuracy, sending exactly what you're looking for in a second.The site now does this 40 million times a day--a number achieved without spending a penny on a TV or newspaper ad. Google doesn't need them. In the past six months alone, the site has won a Webby (the online version of the Oscar) for technical excellence, sets a new record for search engines by indexing a billion Web pages. Yahoo still has 10 times the audience, but Google consistently ranks first in customer satisfaction: 97% of users find what they're looking for most or all of the time.\"You see people smile when they use it, like they've found something no one else knows about,\" says Danny Sullivan, editor of an online newsletter. No one is smiling more than Larry Page, 27, and Sergey Brin, 26, who seem certain to become billionaires when the company goes public, probably sometime next year.They make a great comedy.When they first met as PhD students, the pair say, they found each other horrible--\"I still find him horrible,\" adds Brin--but were driven together by a computer science project aimed at coming up with better ways of searching the Web. The idea behind Google is that traditional search engines are stupid.They think the connection is based on repetition; if you type in a request for Tiger Woods, say, you'll get websites listed according to how many times those words appear.Not only is this no guarantee  of quality, but it's also open to bad use.If you own a Tiger fan site and want to lead more people to it, simply type his name thousands of times in the site's source code. \n Answer: Google.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following wins greater customer satisfaction?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-79a00feab25e44e3b853fb07b28c539e",
            "input": "Article: In the English language, there are many expressions using the word \"mouth\". For example, if you say bad things about a person, the person might protest  and say \"Do not bad mouth me.\"     Sometimes, people say something to a friend or family member that they later regret because it hurts that person's feelings. Or they tell the person something they were not supposed to tell. The speaker might say :\"I really put my foot in my mouth this time.\" If this should happen, the speaker might feel down in the mouth.   In other words, he might feel sad for saying the wrong thing.     Information is often spread through word of mouth. This is general communication between people, like friends talking to each other. \"How did you hear about that new movie?\" someone might ask. \"Oh, by word of mouth.\"     Sometimes when one person is speaking ,he says the same thing that his friend was going to say . When this happens, the friend might say \"You took the words right out of my mouth.\" Sometimes a person has a bad or unpleasant experience with another person ,he might say \"I had my heart in my mouth.\"     Some people have lots of money because they were born into a very rich family. You might say such a person \"was born with a silver spoon in his mouth .\" This rich person is the opposite of a person who lives from hand to mouth. This person is very poor and only has enough money for the most important things in life.    Parents might sometimes keep sweet food from a child ad punishment for saying bad things,  For example , if a child says things she should not say to her parents , she might be described as a mouthy child. The parents might even tell the child to stop mouthing off. \n Answer: Some expressions with the word \"mouth\".",
            "output": [
                "What does the text mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c4987453d2eb467f92078168c3b931ee",
            "input": "Article: Scientists and religious experts are debating the value of a small piece of papyrus that found its way to a researcher in the United States. The piece of paper raises an ages-old question about Jesus, whose life and teachings form the heart of Christianity. Could Jesus have been married? Harvard Divinity School Professor Karen King recently explained the Coptic wording on the papyrus. She says the words mean that Jesus called Mary Magdalene, an early Christian, \"my wife.\" She says he did this while speaking to his disciples, or followers. \"I don't think that this text is that significant. There are so many barriers for it to get over. You've got to show that it's reliable, and there are real questions about whether that text is reliable.\" Professor Bock expresses other concerns about the papyrus. For example, he says, there is not enough writing on it to establish the real meaning of the words. He says the word \"wife\" may not mean \"wife\" in the traditional way. And, he says the papyrus is just one text showing that Jesus might have been married. \"And then you've got the fact that this is one text out of many, many, many texts that don't indicate that Jesus was married. And I think had Jesus been married, the early tradition about Jesus would have reflected that.\" \n Answer: Some words on the papyrus show Jesus called a Christian \"wife\".",
            "output": [
                "What is it that led Professor King to reach the conclusion that Jesus was married?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f5fae3464f10487b9bfd96c7fa14bac5",
            "input": "Article: Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear. Children know this very well. Fred Epstein, in his book I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination. Tom loved to pretend, and he particularly loved to play superheroes. Dr. Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying and painful life he led. The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid. \"Maybe I could go as Superman,\" he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for a while. She has avoided buying the expensive costume , but finally she agreed. The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way. And Tom, with the strength of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation. The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only. We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible, to go through those things that seem impossible, and to achieve what we never believed we could. Just as Dr. Epstein puts it, \"If you can dream it, you can do it.\" It doesn't mean that you should dress as a superhero for your next job interview. But, next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream. \n Answer: He was seriously ill.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Tom?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c7f550c125b94598b5d7f6e44414e118",
            "input": "Article: Caught in the Web A few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs - leaving her bed for only brief intervals. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took near-constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem. \"I was starting to feel like my whole world was falling apart - kind of slipping into a depression,\" said Carla. \"I knew that if I didn't get off the dating sites, I'd just keep going,\" detaching   herself further from the outside world. Toebe's conclusion: She felt like she was \"addicted\" to the Internet. She's not alone. Concern about excessive Internet use isn't new. As far back as 1995, articles in medical journals and the establishment of a Pennsylvania treatment center for overusers generated interest in the subject. There's still no consensus on how much time online constitutes too much or whether addiction is possible. But as reliance on the Web grows, there are signs that the question is getting more serious attention: Last month, a study published in CNS Spectrums claimed to be the first large-scale look at excessive Internet use. The American Psychiatric Association may consider listing Internet addiction in the next edition of its diagnostic manual. And scores of online discussion boards have popped up on which people discuss negative experiences tied to too much time on the Web. \"There's no question that there're people who're seriously in trouble because they're overdoing their Internet involvement,\" said psychiatrist   Ivan Goldberg. Goldberg calls the problem a disorder rather than a true addiction. Jonathan Bishop, a researcher in Wales specializing in online communities, is more skeptical. \"The Internet is an environment,\" he said. \"You can't be addicted to the environment.\" Bishop describes the problem as simply a matter of priorities, which can be solved by encouraging people to prioritize other life goals and plans in place of time spent online. The new CNS Spectrums study was based on results of a nationwide telephone survey of more than 2,500 adults. Like the 2005 survey, this one was conducted by Stanford University researchers.About 6% of respondents reported that \"their relationships suffered because of excessive Internet use.\" About 9% attempted to conceal \"nonessential Internet use,\" and nearly 4% reported feeling \"preoccupied by the Internet when offline.\" About 8% said they used the Internet as a way to escape problems, and almost 14% reported they \"found it hard to stay away from the Internet for several days at a time.\" \"The Internet problem is still in its infancy,\" said Elias Aboujaoude, a Stanford professor. No single online activity is to blame for excessive use, he said. \"They're online in chat rooms, checking e-mail, or writing blogs.  not limited to porn   or gambling\" websites. Excessive Internet use should be defined not by the number of hours spent online but \"in terms of losses,\" said Maressa Orzack, a Harvard University professor. \"If it's a loss  you're not getting to work, and family relationships are breaking down as a result, then it's too much.\" Since the early 1990s, several clinics have been established in the U. S. to treat heavy Internet users. They include the Center for Internet Addiction Recovery and the Center for Internet Behavior. The website for Orzack's center lists the following among the psychological symptoms of computer addiction: * Having a sense of well-being   or excitement while at the computer. * Longing for more and more time at the computer. * Neglect of family and friends. * Feeling empty, depressed or irritable when not at the computer. * Lying to employers and family about activities. * Inability to stop the activity. * Problems with school or job. Physical symptoms listed include dry eyes, backaches, skipping meals, poor personal hygiene   and sleep disturbances. People who struggle with excessive Internet use maybe depressed or have other mood disorders, Orzack said. When she discusses Internet habits with her patients, they often report that being online offers a \"sense of belonging, and escape, excitement  fun,\" she said. \"Some people say relief...because they find themselves so relaxed.\" Some parts of the Internet seem to draw people in more than others. Internet gamers spend countless hours competing in games against people from all over the world. One such game, called World of Warcraft, is cited on many sites by posters complaining of a \"gaming addiction.\" Andrew Heidrich, an education network administrator from Sacramento, plays World of Warcraft for about two to four hours every other night, but that's nothing compared with the 40 to 60 hours a week he spent playing online games when he was in college. He cut back only after a full-scale family intervention  , in which  s told him he'd gained weight. \"There's this whole culture of competition that sucks people in\" with online gaming, said Heidrich, now a father of two. \"People do it at the expense of everything that was a constant in their lives.\" Heidrich now visits websites that discuss gaming addiction regularly \"to remind myself to keep my love for online games in check.\" Toebe also regularly visits a site where posters discuss Internet overuse. In August, when she first realized she had a problem, she posted a message on a Yahoo Internet addiction group with the subject line: \"I have an Internet Addiction.\" \"I'm self-employed and need the Internet for my work, but I'm failing to accomplish my work,to take care of my home, to give attention to my children,\" she wrote in a message sent to the group.\"I have no money or insurance to get professional help; I can't even pay my mortgage   and face losing everything.\" Since then, Toebe said, she has kept her promise to herself to cut back on her Internet use. \"I have a boyfriend now, and I'm not interested in online dating,\" she said by phone last week. \"It's a lot better now.\" \n Answer: Her daughter's repeated complaints.",
            "output": [
                "What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1591110928774797b41fd8612246b839",
            "input": "Article: There are many Spanish gossip  magazines being published around the world. If your Spanish is good enough, these magazines will offer a lively look into the private moments of the beautiful, rich and famous, and provide entertainment and at the same time, help you practice your Spanish. DiezMinutos: The magazine is a classic Spanish gossip feast with daily news based on many stories of love, separation, divorce and death. The two main parts are headlined \"love\"and \"partners\".They also have an online version of the magazine for serious gossip addicts. Hola: It is Spain's top weekly magazine and the leader of the gossip world. It contains many pictures and a round-up of well-known and less well-known nobles and people in show business. Apart from edited highlights from the present and past issues, there is a report of the week and photo of the week. There is also a French version calledOhLa! RevistaCUORE: As the third best-selling gossip magazine in Spain, it is mainly aimed at younger teenage readers who look not only for current celebrity  gossip, but also for fashion and TV news. It uses a lot of oralterms. RevistaSEMANA: It is a Spanish magazine covering the latest news on the famous in Spain and Hollywood. It also offers its readers information on fashion, beauty, cooking and travel. RevistaLECTURAS: Practical, friendly and informal, this magazine is one of the most widely-read gossip magazines on the Spanish market today. Marujeo.com: It is a blog serving up a daily diet of national gossip news on Spanish and international celebrities and the celebrity world from a particular point of view. RevistaCARAS: It is a magazine published in various countries of Latin America. It is also exported to certain parts of the United States, bringing together strange and wonderful news from around the world and the famous Latin community. \n Answer: One.",
            "output": [
                "How many of the magazines mentioned in the text can be read on the Internet?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9181bc3672043e7bc54300738bcdbb0",
            "input": "Article: There are many festivals in Argentina  during the year. Therefore, you can enjoy the different interesting festivals when traveling there. First of all, we should talk about the Tango  Festival in Argentina, which is held in the capital of this country -- Buenos Aires, from February to March. You ought to know that Argentina is the home of tango, so Argentineans admire this dance very much. Even if you cannot dance perfectly, you should join the people and try to perform this dance. The next festival in Argentina is Open Polo  Tournament. You should go to Palermo to see this festival in Argentina. This festival is held every year and is the most important polo tournament in Argentina. This kind of sport is considered the most important in Argentina. Attending this festival in Argentina, you will be able to communicate with different people, admire the fascinating competition between the teams of different countries, such as Argentina, England, Australia, as well as the US. This festival in Argentina is usually held between November and December every year. So don't miss the opportunity if you travel to Argentina at this time. The other festival in Argentina is the Semana Musical Llao Llao. This is a festival of classical music. The festival was created in 1993 and is held at the Llao Llao Hotel, near Bariloche. The festival is held yearly in October. So if you admire this kind of music, you should travel to Argentina in October. There are also many carnivals in October. There are also many carnivals in Argentina in summer. Of course, it's impossible to put everything about festivals in Argentina into just one article. We hope that you have found this article interesting and eye-catching. \n Answer: A brief introduction to Argentina",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3d25c559dee442e48702571ddd887fce",
            "input": "Article: Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives. To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a mainly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it was relatively inefficient. Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safer and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat loss and to reducing biodiversity. All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require thorough thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are certainly more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be \"zero impact\". The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage. Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons of all the various way land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity. What is important is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production. \n Answer: By its sustainability",
            "output": [
                "How do people often measure progress in agriculture?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af42f39d502f4f379ccb0172ca4cd2d0",
            "input": "Article: The candidate longing for election to the highest office in the United States must be native-born American citizen who is at least 35 years old and who has lived in the United States for at least 14 years. The election course is complicated, and the road to the Oval Office is long. Potential candidates must present papers stating their intention to seek their party's recommendation; delegates then choose from among those running some months later at the national conferences. Before that, however, each state holds a primary election that determines how the state's voters want the party's delegates to vote. Methods of choosing the delegates vary from state to state. At the conferences, there are speeches and often heated discussions. It may take several rounds of voting before delegates can agree on a candidate. On the final day of the meeting, the presidential candidate announces his or her choice for vice president.  Election Day, by law, is the Tuesday that follows the first Monday in November. On this day, registered voters may cast their votes for president, vice president, and candidates for other federal , state, and local offices. The popular vote, however, does not determine who will be president. The president is chosen by a vote of the Electoral College, a group of 538 citizens from the 50 states and the District of Columbia who are chosen to cast votes for the president and vice president.  The rules for choosing electors, as with the delegates, vary. Each state also decides whether its electoral votes must reflect the popular vote. The number of electors in each state is determined by the number of representatives and senators  that a state sends to Congress and, therefore, may change every 10 years, depending on the results of the United States census . The winner must get at least 270 of the electoral votes when the Electoral College meets in December of the election year. The election results are not official, however, until the following January, when Congress meets in a joint conference to count the electoral votes. At the end of the road to the Oval Office is the swearing-in ceremony, at which the new or reelected president takes the oath  of office on January 20. \n Answer: Previous experience in an elective office.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not a requirement for candidates for the presidency of the USA?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87727b748b7342e68fa633f90f027e6f",
            "input": "Article: In 1977, Jack, an Italian-American who lived in San Francisco, flew from America to Italy to visit his  s. On the way, the plane made a one-hour stop to refuel at the New York Airport. Thinking that he had arrived, Jack got out and spent three days in New York, believing he was in Rome. When his  s were not there to meet him, Jack thought they had been caught in the heavy Roman traffic mentioned in their letters. While looking for their address, Jack could not help noticing that modernization had changed most, if not all, of the ancient city's landmarks. He also noticed that many people spoke English with strong American accent. However, he just thought that Americans got everywhere. He also believed that so many street signs were written in English especially for the Americans. Jack spoke very little English himself so he asked a policeman in Italian the way to the bus station. As chance would have it, the policeman came from Italy and replied in the same language. After twelve hours traveling round on a bus, the driver handed him over to a second policeman. After brief argument with the policeman, Jack was very surprised to find that the Rome police had employed someone who did not speak his mother tongue. Jack did not believe he was told that he was in New York. In order to get on a plane to San Francisco, the policeman raced him to the airport in a police car with sirens screaming. \"See,\" he said to his interpreter. \"I know I'm in Italy. That's how they drive.\" \n Answer: In San Francisco",
            "output": [
                "Where did Jack live?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cc8eebbdc9b44fe1b8fba7cdb57509b1",
            "input": "Article: Why do people run? That is, why do thousands get up early and put their knees and ankles and hearts and lungs through the hell of 10,000 meters on the roads? For those who stick with it and are lucky, they get into another world: a state of physical and mental grace reached when their blood is racing through every vein  . And in Austin, those who long to get better, even when they know it's impossible, hang on Gilbert's every word. Gilbert's methods are simple. It's all about form: how the arms move and the feet land. He pushes his students hard. When they feel like they're about to die, they look at Gilbert's scars   -- the burns along his right arm, and then to his right leg, where the flames ate down to the bone. Whatever they feel, how bad, really, could it be? \"He gets people to believe in themselves,\" says Lisa Spenner, one of the _ , who are crazy about Gilbert. \"He treats everyone like they're amazing.\" If Gilbert is their savior, they are his saviors too. \"Eventually, I realized I had to help people. When I help people, I feel good,\" he says. Gilbert's right leg was so badly burnt that the knee was stuck at a 90-degree angle. The doctor said it would take six months to heal. Frustrated, Gilbert got on a bike. The biking led to walking, which finally led to running a year after he had been left to die. In truth, runners don't race other runners. They race against themselves to conquer their wills. So Gilbert spent the spring and summer of 2007 trying to do that, racing men faster than he is, knowing it would make him better. Gilbert's students, of course, keep rooting for him, though sometimes they wonder, \"How much better can he get?\" After all, they see him as more than just a runner and a coach. He's a flesh-and-blood symbol: the daily struggle to show what you're made of. \n Answer: He has determination and strong will-power.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about Gilbert after reading the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0c90cfe825b54ecf93b7698a7c30b973",
            "input": "Article: My grandfather worked as a carpenter. On this particular day, he was building some crates for the clothes his church was sending to an orphanage in Brazil. On his way home, he found his glasses were gone. When he mentally replayed his earlier actions, he realized what happened. The glasses had slipped out of his pocket and fallen into one of the crates. His new glasses were heading for Brazil! The Great Depression was at its height, and Grandpa had six children. He had spent twenty dollars for those glasses that very morning. \"It's not fair,\" he thought as he walked home angrily. \"I've been very faithful in giving my time and money to my work, and now this.\" Several months later, the director of the orphanage came to the United States. He wanted to visit all the churches that supported him, so he came to my grandfather's small church in Chicago. He began by thanking the people for their kindness in supporting the orphanage. \"But most of all,\" he said, \" I must thank you for the glasses you sent last year. You see, some people had just come to the orphanage, destroying everything, including my glasses. I was desperate. Even if I had the money, there was simply no way of replacing those glasses. Along with not being able to see well, I experienced headaches every day, so my coworkers and I were very worried about this. Then your crates arrived. When I removed the covers, I found a pair of glasses lying on top.\" He paused long enough to let his words sink in. Then, he continued: \"When I tried on the glasses, it was as though they had been made just for me!\" The people listened, happy for the miraculous glasses. But they thought it was strange because there were no glasses on their list of items to be sent overseas. Sitting quietly in the back, with tears streaming down his face, my grandfather, an ordinary carpenter realized his glasses had found a good place to go. \n Answer: The Perfect Mistake.",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7d78cb1f14884cf0b735eda49ae72141",
            "input": "Article: New Zealand will create one of the largest marine protected areas in the world, spanning an area of 620,000 sq km. The Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary   will be one of the world's most significant fully protected ecosystems, the prime minister of New Zealand, John Key, told the UN General Assembly in New York. The sanctuary is in the South Pacific Ocean, about 1,000 km north-east of New Zealand, and expands a marine reserve that surrounds some small islands. The area is considered important in terms of biodiversity, featuring nearly 35 species of whales and dolphins, 150 types of fish and three of the world's seven sea turtle species. It is also geologically significant, including the world's longest chain of underwater volcanoes and the second deepest ocean trench, into 10 km underwater -- deeper than Mount Everest's height. The scale of the sanctuary will dwarf   any previous New Zealand's protected area, spanning twice the size of the country's mainland. It will cover 15% of New Zealand's economic zone. Commercial and recreational fishing will be completely banned, as will oil, gas and mineral prospecting  , exploration and mining. Key's government aims to pass legislation establishing the sanctuary next year. \"The sanctuary is a world-class, unspoiled marine environment and New Zealand is proud to protect it for future generations,\"Key said.\"New Zealanders value our coasts and oceans, which are an important part of our culture, economy and environment and we are committed to managing them sustainably. Creating protected areas will support not only our own fisheries, but those of our Pacific neighbors, adding to New Zealand's efforts to help grow Pacific economies through the responsible management of their ocean resources.\" Nick Smith, New Zealand's environment minister, said the sanctuary might impose a cost upon the mining industry but that it is important to protect the ocean before exploration takes place.\"New Zealand needs to use its vast ocean resources for jobs and exports in industries like fishing, aquaculture, minerals and energy, but we also need to set aside special areas where nature comes first and marine life is fully protected,\" Smith said. New Zealand will monitor the area via its navy and satellite technology. The Kermadec region will join three other key areas in the Pacific protected by the US, the UK and Australia. Matt Rand, director of the Pew Charitable Trusts' Global Ocean Legacy   campaign, welcomed Key's announcement.\"New Zealand will create the gold standard of conservation areas in the sanctuary, preserving one of the few relatively unspoiled areas of ocean on Earth,\" he said. \"This commitment is an exciting step toward meeting global goals to safeguard at least 30% of the ocean through fully protected marine reserves.\" \n Answer: It has many different kinds of sea animals.",
            "output": [
                "Why is the Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary important in biodiversity?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5222b8bb984e43e880266468381d9734",
            "input": "Article: Item 78431  The Video Camera Pen $129. 95 ;Available for Immediate Shipment; Order by Phone :1-800-321-1484 This is the pen that has a built-in video camera, capturing(,)videos or still images with a click of its button. Ideal for use while secured in a pocket, it can capture up to five hours of video. Its battery provides up to two hours of power before requiring a recharge. Item 78098  The Wristwatch Camcorder $149. 95; Available for 3-day Shipment; Order by Phone :1-800-321-1484 This is the men's watch with an unnoticeable camera located at the two-o'clock position, yet the watch's hands never make it covered. So you'll be always ready to capture a famous person or a pet's ridiculous actions. The camera's rechargeable battery provides up to two hours of use from a four-hour charge. Item 77918  The only 55 Inch Widescreen Personal Movie Theater $ 249. 95 ;Available for Immediate Shipment; Order by Phone:l-800-321-1484 This is the only personal media viewer that provides a private viewing experience just like watching a widescreen 55 inch television from 10 meters away. It connects to a video iPod, iPhone, portable DVD player with two AA batteries providing up to six hours of continuous operation. Item 77281  The Digital Phone Album Watch $ 99. 95 ;Available for Immediate Shipment; Order by Phone :1-800-321-1484 This is the watch that vividly displays 120 of your favorite digital photographs. You can download digital photographs to the watch. The watch can be viewed in the Photo Album mode   or digital mode( time and date view). A six-hour charge provides up to 10 days of use. \n Answer: To advertise some goods.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c3d681ca1b8e47ebae9fc16d7f2a772b",
            "input": "Article: When someone gives you advice, listen without judgment, try to find value in what you're hearing, and say: \"Thank you\". This wise advice is easy to understand yet hard to practice. I'll give you an example from my life when I totally  _ in terms of practicing what I teach.   In my work I travel constantly. I always put off going to the airport until the last second. My wife, Lyda, was sitting next to me in the front seat. I was racing along and not paying much attention. Lyda cried out: \"Look out! There is a red light up ahead. \"   Being a trained behavioral science professional--who teaches others the value of encouraging advice--I naturally screamed at her: \"I know there is a red light up ahead! Don't you think I can see?\" When we arrived at the airport, Lyda didn't speak to me. I wondered why she seemed mad at me.   During the flight to prefix = st1 /New York, I did a cost-benefit analysis. I asked myself: \"What was the cost of just listening when Lyda called out the warning? Zero.\" I then reasoned: \"What was the potential benefit? What could have been saved?\" Several potential benefits came to mind, including her life, my life, and the lives of other people.   I landed in New Yorkfeeling ashamed of myself. I immediately called Lyda and told her my cost-benefit story. I convinced her: \"The next time you help me with my driving, I am just going to say, 'Thank you.'\"   A few months passed, and I had long forgotten the incident. Again, I was racing off to the airport, when Lyda cried out: \"Look out for the red light!\" I was embarrassed, and then shouted: \"Thank you!\"   I'm a long way from perfect, but I'm getting better. My suggestion is that you get in the habit of asking the important people in your life how you can do things better. And be ready for an answer. Some people may tell you things like \"Look out for the red light.\" When this happens, remember that there is possibly some potential benefit. Then just say: \"Thank you.\" \n Answer: He is expert at behavioral science.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-07b8a514fcff4cdbbe86a60b315c7963",
            "input": "Article: Unlike chemists and physicists, who usually do their experiments using machines, biologists and medical researchers have to use living things like rats. But there are three Nobel prize-winning scientists who actually chose to experiment on themselves - all in the name of science, reported The Telegraph. 1. Werner Forssmann (Nobel prize winner in 1956) Forssmann was a German scientist. He studied how to put a pipe inside the heart to measure the pressure inside and decide whether a patient needs surgery. Experiments had been done on horses before, so he wanted to try with human patients. But it was not permitted because the experiment was considered too dangerous. Not giving up, Forssmann decided to experiment on himself. He anaesthetized   his own arm and made a cut, putting the pipe 30 centimeters into his vein. He then climbed two floors to the X-ray room before pushing the pipe all the way into his heart. 2. Barry Marshall (Nobel prize winner in 2005) Most doctors in the mid-20th century believed that _ was down to stress, spicy food or an unusually large amount of stomach acid. But in 1979 an Australian scientist named Robin Warren found that the disease might be related to a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori. So he teamed up with his colleague, Barry Marshall, to continue the study. When their request to experiment on patients was denied, Marshall bravely drank some of the bacteria. Five days later, he lost his appetite and soon was vomiting each morning - he indeed had gastritis. 3. Ralph Steinman (Nobel prize winner in 2011) This Canadian scientist discovered a new type of immune system cell called the dendritic cell. He believed that it had the ability to fight against cancer. Steinman knew he couldn't yet use his method to treat patients. So in 2007, when doctors told him that he had cancer and that it was unlikely for him to live longer than a year, he saw an opportunity. With the help of his colleagues, he gave himself three different vaccines based on his research and a total of eight experimental therapies. Even though Steinman eventually died from his cancer, he lived four and a half years, much longer than doctors had said he would. \n Answer: To introduce a few Nobel prize winners who did experiments on themselves.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main purpose of the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bd347e59943740caa0302afa4b4c3a70",
            "input": "Article: My grandfather had a small farm where he raised beef and some grain for feed. He also worked diligently as a factory laborer and country pastor. He was a good neighbor and well-respected for honoring his word. When harvest time came, he'd piece together his old one-row corn picker and oil it up for the season. All his life he worked hard, helped others, and you could count on him to keep his promises. He had promised to harvest a few ribbons of corn on a friend's farm, but after harvesting his own corn, Grandpa's little corn picker coughed and quit. It would be out of commission until a particular part could be ordered, but that would take far too long to help this year. The factory where Grandpa worked began to require overtime. In order to keep his job there he had to leave the farm before dawn and get home until well after sunset.  One autumn night, while harvest time was running out, he and his wife sat at the kitchen table and trying to figure a way out of their dilemma. \"There's nothing you can do,\" said my grandma. \"You'll just have to tell him that you can't help with the corn this year.\" \"Well that just doesn't sit well with me,\" said my grandpa. \"My friend is depending on me. I can't exactly let my neighbor's harvest rot in the field, can I?\" \"When do you think you'd have time to do it?\" she asked. \"With the overtime you've been working you'd be up all night.\" \"I know of one night that I could do it!\" he said, running to the bookshelf. He grabbed the Farmer's Almanac  and started flipping through the pages. \"Aha! There's still one more full moon in October.\" They say it's called the harvest moon because it gives farmers more light and more time to collect their crops. And so a few days later, after a long shift at the factory, my grandpa made his way to the field where my grandma met him in the truck with dinner. The weather was cold but clear, and the moon was brilliant. He worked through the night to keep his word. I know this story well, so sometimes, when I'm tempted to cut corners  or to put off responsibilities, I think of my grandfather with his scythe  cutting wide arcs of corn in the light of the harvest moon. \n Answer: The weather was not favorable.",
            "output": [
                "Which was the main trouble my grandfather had in helping his friend?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4476b615be1443298639b61e44d9ab13",
            "input": "Article: IT'S over - millions of Senior 3 students across the country have finished their last exams. But in two years, it'll be your turn in the examination room. How can you spend the time you have left to best effect? Read these thoughts from new graduates to get some pointers. Cao A'min, 18 Xuanhua No 1 High School, Hebei Study: Keeping pace   with teachers is a good way to study. Teachers are experienced and their plans are systematic  . But remember to work in a way that suits you. It's also important to learn from past mistakes. Keep a notebook to make a record of the mistakes you make - it'll help you avoid making the same ones later. Zhang Zilu, 17 Xinyu No 1 High School, Jiangxi Friendship: This time of life may be hard, but you're not alone. You may be busy studying, but you can show you care by calling your friends or sending a short message. Don't let your friendships die. Some boys and girls in my class were in love, but I'd advise against a relationship at this stage. Zhan Yu, 17 Huanggang High School, Hubei Health: It's as important to live well as it is to study well, I think. I went to bed no later than 11:30 pm. It put me in the right mood for the next day. I didn't follow a special diet  , but I did make sure I ate a nutritious   breakfast each day. Ju Shuntian, 18 Yantai Economic and Technological Development Zone Senior High School, Shandong Relaxation: The person who plays well, studies well. Having a lot of schoolwork doesn't mean having to give up on every other activity. I played basketball or took a walk to relax when I felt tired. Time out is not a waste of time but helps you study more efficiently  . Zhang Qingzhou, 17 Dongtai High School, Jiangsu Options: Besides taking the big exam, you have other choices for college. I took the independent enrollment   exam held by Peking University and some other students even prepared to study abroad. Pay attention to any relevant information you can find, whether it's from school, the news media or another source  . \n Answer: senior students",
            "output": [
                "Who is the passage mainly written for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f8aabe05a2d94745a6dd24443a0de1f1",
            "input": "Article: Butterfly gardens can be grown throughout the United States.There is a wide variety of both butterflyattracting (nectar) plants and host plants covering climate zones throughout the country.Butterfly gardens can range  in size from a few containers placed in a sunny spot to several acres. Nectarproducing   plants will attract butterflies to your garden.In order to support a full butterfly life cycle,host plants (for laying eggs and used as a caterpillar food source) must also be present. Throughout the country,the general requirements  for butterfly gardening are the same:full sun,nectar source plants,larval    host plants,a pesticidefree environment,and knowledge of the local butterfly  species.Many butterflyattracting plants are natives and require little attention,as they are naturally adapted to the region in which they live. Butterfly gardens are best planted in spring with younger plants or in fall with mature plants that will become dormant quickly and reemerge in  spring.It is best not to plant in the heat of summer or the cold of winter. One of the most common mistakes in butterfly gardening is planting only one nectar source.Adult butterflies have a very short lifespan.Planting a variety of nectar sources will encourage more butterflies to visit the garden.Planting an adequate supply of host plants gives butterflies a place to lay their eggs,which will successfully hatch   and result in butterflies that will continue to visit the garden. Butterflies typically lay their eggs in late spring and hatch 3-6 days after they are laid.It takes 3-4 weeks for a caterpillar to pupate   and 9-14 days to emerge as an adult. Good resources for learning more about butterfly gardening include zoos,botanical gardens,butterfly houses,garden centers and nurseries,libraries and the Internet.There are many good websites dedicated to butterflies and butterfly gardening. \n Answer: Butterfly gardens need to plant butterflyattracting plants only.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true,according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a1fd4da164a9457e9b2bdfb770801f36",
            "input": "Article: I could fill a book with embarrassing situations I've been in over the years. These moments used to haunt   me and my face would turn as red as a big tomato.   It wasn't until I was in my late teens, working at a hotel that things changed for me. I took a year off in between high school and university, because like many people my age I had  ly no idea what I wanted to do, and I didn't want to waste $ 5,000 on a university tuition .   I tried to keep silent at my new job, avoiding the other employees. All of them didn't care about me except for one girl. She kept at me, telling me stories of her weekend and how she loved snowboarding, something I was interested in as well. She was the type of warm personality where people were immediately drawn to her, and soon enough I found myself looking forward to our coffee breaks and snowboarding after work. The more I hung out with her, the more I realized that this girl, who seemed to have it all together, was in fact just like me, except for one major difference. She laughed at herself. One night after work we were snowboarding and she fell down carelessly resulting in a mouth full of snow. Instead of getting embarrassed she jumped right up laughing loudly at how ridiculous she must have looked. As time went on, her warm personality began to wear off  on me and soon enough I had a mini-breakthrough. I'm not saying that I no longer find myself in embarrassing situations; I've just learned how to handle them differently. Just a few months ago I walked out of a bathroom unaware of the fact that my skirt was tucked  in my underwear. But instead of rushing back to the bathroom I calmly pulled it out and continued on my way shaking my head and smiling. \n Answer: She wanted to find a clear aim for her higher education.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author work at a hotel before going to university?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-68a830bb77184104b9c517ca4c5d0bb6",
            "input": "Article: Imagine you're in a dark room, running your fingers over a smooth surface in search of a single dot the size of this period, How high do you think the dot must be for your finger to feel it? Scientists have determined that the human finger is so sensitive it can detect a surface bump just one micron(l0-6m)\"high. The human eye, by contrast, can't tell anything much smaller than100 microns.No wonder we rely on touch rather than eyesight when faced with a new roll of toilet paper. Biologically, touch is the mother of all sensory  systems.It is an ancient sense in evolution: even the simplest single-celled living things can feel when something brushes up against them and will respond by moving closer or pulling away. It is the first sense aroused during a baby's development and the last to weaken at life's peak. Patients in a deep coma  who seem otherwise lost to the world will show skin reaction when touched by a nurse. \"Touch ,is so central to what we are that we almost cannot imagine ourselves without it,\" said Chris Dijkerman.\"It's 'not like eyesight, where you close your eyes and you don't see anything. _ .It's always there.\" Long ignored in favor of the sensory heavyweights of eyesight and hearing, the study of touch lately:: has been gaining new concern among scientists.They're exploring the effects of recently reported false touch impressions, of people being made to feel as though they had three arms, for example, with the hope of gaining the true understanding of how the mind works. Others are turning to touch for more practical purposes: to build better touch screen instruments and robot hands, a more well-rounded virtual life.. \"There's a fair amount of research into new ways of offloading information onto our sense of touch,\" said Lynette Jones. \"To have your cell phone buzzing (making a low sound) as opposed to ringing turned out to have a lot of advantages in.some situations.\" Touch is our most active sense, our means of seizing the world and experiencing it 'first hand. Dr.Susan Lederman pointed out that while we can become aware of something by seeing or hear,ing7;-.from a distance and without really trying, if we want to learn about something by means of touch, we must make a move.We must rub the cloth, or pet the cat. Touching is a two-way street, and that's not true for seeing or hearing. If you have a soft object and you squeeze it, you change its shape. The physical world reacts back.\" Our hands are smart and can do many tasks automatically - button a shirt, fit a key in a lock, play the; piano for others.Dr.Lederman and her colleagues have shown that blindfolded subjects can easily recognize a wide range of common -objects placed.in their hands.But on some feeling tasks, touch is all thumbs (very clumsy). When people are given a raised line drawing of a common object, they're puzzled.\"If all we've got is outline information;\" Dr.Lederman said,.\"no weight, no texture, no temperature information, well, we're very, very bad with that.\" Touch also turns out to be easy to fool, Among the sensory tricks now being investigated is something called the Pinocchio illusion. Researchers have found that if they shake the band of the biceps , many people report feeling that their forearm is getting 'longer, their hand floating ever further from their elbow . And if they are told to touch the forefinger of the shaken arm to the tip of their nose, they feel as though their nose was lengthening, too. \n Answer: Our fingers are more sensitive than our eyes.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87a7055ae96c4036bf1aa86037ea82af",
            "input": "Article: The most famous statue-the Sphinx in Egypt has been damaged. The experts are trying to find out the cause to protect it. As we all know, the Sphinx has the body of a lion and the face of a man. It was cut from limestone  near Egypt's pyramids about 4, 500 years ago. Not long ago a large piece of stone fell from the Sphinx's right shoulder. In order to protect the statue from more harm, a computer was placed on it to measure rainfall, wind speed and air temperature. The computer also measured the amount of water and air pollution, the direction of wind and the temperature of the statue itself. The effects of age, wind, water and pollution have greatly weakened the Sphinx. Sunlight, wind, water and pollution have been eroding the outside of the statue for centuries. The experts hope that the information from the computer will help protect it from more damage. They say the more they know about what is destroying the Sphinx, the more they can do to protect it. \n Answer: The experts are trying to find out the cause so as to protect the Sphinx.",
            "output": [
                "What does this passage mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c01d124005e24503851e0a5d08c14c19",
            "input": "Article: \"Can I see my baby?\" the happy new mother asked. When the bundle was in her arms and she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face, she gasped. The doctor turned quickly and looked out of the tall hospital window. The baby had been born without ears. Time proved that the baby' s hearing was perfect. It was only his appearance that was imperfect. When he rushed home from school one day and threw himself into his mother's arms, she sighed , knowing that his life was to be unfortunate. He cried to his mum \"A boy, a big boy... called me a freak  .\" He grew up, handsome. A favorite with his fellow students, he might have been class president, but for that. He developed a gift, a talent for literature and music. \"But you might communicate with other young people,\" his mother blamed him, but felt a kindness in her heart. Two years went by. One day, his father said to the son, \"You' re going to the hospital, son. Mother and I have someone who will donate the ears you need. But it' s a secret.\" The operation was a great success, and a new person appeared. Later he married and became a lawyer. One day, he asked his father, \"Who gave me the ears? Who gave me so much? I could never do enough for him or her.\" \"I do not believe you could,\" said the father, \"but the agreement was that you are not to know... not yet.\" The years kept their secret, but the day did come. He stood with his father over his mother' s casket. Slowly, tenderly, the father stretched forth a hand and raised the thick, reddish brown hair to show the mother had no outer ears. \"Mother said she was glad she never let her hair be cut,\" his father whispered gently, \"and nobody ever thought Mother less beautiful, did they?\" \n Answer: Because her son was in her arms.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Mother gasp when she saw her newborn baby?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c562098b92d14c9383ad10a53bde5acf",
            "input": "Article: A recent survey found that the French are the second-most insecure people in Europe after Italy about their proficiency in English. Only 13 percent of the French respondents believed they are proficient in the language, according to the European data agency Eurostat. The situation is no better in business circles, where three-quarters of French executives feel unprepared to hold an interview in English and only 16 percent say they feel comfortable with the language, a separate survey showed. The survey results aren't surprising. The French seem to have always had this cold and gloomy attitude toward the English language. But what struck me is that, despite the French pessimism, living in Paris without being able to speak the language of Moliere is easier these days than in the past. New immigrants are part of the reason. I can have an easy chat with the owner of the laundry in my neighborhood. Buying the medicine I need at the local pharmacy is effortless. Ordering a meal in English at the restaurant two blocks away from my apartment does not make me feel awkward. It is all because the people who run these businesses are immigrants. Greater tolerance and acceptance of non-French speakers is a reflection of the fact that France, willingly or not, has begun to embrace  globalization more comfortably. For instance, you will never get the same look you would have had 15 years ago if you ask for directions in English on the streets of Paris. I have also met many native French who are happy to communicate in English. They are usually the kind of people who are open-minded and are sensitive to the changes beyond their own territories. They are very interested in gaining insight into what is happening on the other side of the globe. In my hometown, English is also being hotly debated since Beijing education authorities decided to reduce the importance of English proficiency in college entrance exams and increase that of the Chinese language and literature. The Chinese and the French share similarities in attitudes toward foreign languages. We are both so proud of our own languages and cultures that we can feel uncomfortable when we are forced to communicate in another language. But like it or not, English is still the most widely used language in the world, at least for the foreseeable  future. After all, it is not about abandoning one's own language but about being able to fit more easily into this globalized world. \n Answer: English is becoming increasingly acceptable in France.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c237662689844e8cb16b50dea7241cf0",
            "input": "Article: If Kate McWilliams got a penny every time someone asked how old she was she would be on to a good thing. Easyjet says the 26-year-old is its youngest ever commercial female airline captain. She flies to around 100 destinations across the world and says most people \"are pleasantly surprised and impressed\" when she tells them her age. But Kate isn't the youngest ever female captain.Ronan Milne got in touch with Newsbeat to say his colleague Dawn Hunter was made a captain aged 24 at Loganair.Sarah Hendry is also 24 and a captain with the same company. Kate began flying in the air cadets  when she was 13 years old, but admitted to the Press Association that she never thought she could become a commercial pilot.However, following aviation training in Southampton, she joined easyJet as a co-pilot in May 2011.This August she took up the rank of captain after passing the airline's command course. \"Personally I don't think my age matters,\" she said. \"I've been through the same training and passed the same command course as every other captain so I've proven myself capable regardless of my age.\" Kate is originally from Carlisle, but now lives in Surrey so she can be near to Gatwick Airport.From there she flies Airbus A319 and A32 planes to locations across the world, including Iceland, Israel and Morocco.\"I rarely fly to the same place twice in the same month,\" she said. \"That keeps things interesting.\" Around 5% of commercial pilots are women.Last year easyJet announced a plan to increase its number of female entrants to 12%.Julie Westhorp, chairwoman of the British Women Pilots' Association (BWPA), hopes Kate will inspire more women to think about working in aviation.She says: \"Both the BWPA and easyJet are aware of the importance of visible role models for girls and young women when making career choices and continue to work together to encourage young women to consider a pilot career.\" \n Answer: There are more training and couses for the female pilot.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a6f36e215747478fb13ce663cffd982a",
            "input": "Article: The following story took place long ago in Israel. One day when government officials were rebuilding an office, they found a mouse hole in a corner and used smoke to force the mice inside the hole to come out. A while later they indeed saw mice running out, one after another. Then, everyone thought that all the mice had escaped. But just as they were just about to start to clean up, they saw two mice squeezing out at the exit of the hole. After some endeavor, the mice finally got out. The strange thing was that after they came out of the hole, they did not run away immediately. Instead, one chased after the other near the exit of the hole. It seemed that one was trying to bite the tail of the other. Everyone was puzzled, so they stepped closer to take a look. They realized that one of the mice was blind and could not see anything, and the other one was trying to allow the blind mouse to bite on his tail so he could pull the blind one with him to escape. After witnessing what happened, everyone was speechless and lost in thought. During meal time, the group of people sat down in a circle and started to chat about what happened to the two mice. One serious Rome official said: \"I think the relationship between those two mice was that of emperor and minister.\" The others thought for a while and said: \"That was why!\" Thus the Rome official showed his arrogance . A smart Israeli said: \"I think the relationship between those two mice was husband and wife.\" Again the others thought for a while, and all felt it made sense; so they expressed agreement. Therefore, the Israeli's countenance (,)showed self-satisfaction. A Chinese, who was accustomed to the firm tradition of loyalty to parents, said: \"I think the relationship between those two mice was that of mother and son.\" Once again the others thought for a while, and felt this was more reasonable. So they expressed agreement yet another time. Therefore, the face of the Chinese showed professional modesty. At that moment, one pure-minded Samaritan  who was squatted  on the ground resting his chin in his hands, bewilderedly  looked at other people, and asked: \"Why did those two mice have to have a certain relationship?\" Suddenly, the atmosphere froze. Then the group looked back at the Samaritan and remained speechless. The Rome official, the Israeli and the Chinese who had spoken earlier all lowered their heads in shame, and did not dare to respond. In fact, the true love is not established on benefit, friendship and loyalty or blood relationship. Instead, it is based on no relationship. \n Answer: One was trying to help the other to escape together.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the two mice escape immediately?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b8358efeb6644191832cce37f8719cc8",
            "input": "Article: In today's consumer world, we've never had so much, yet it seems we've never been so unsatisfied. The cost of housing has been rising for decades, and the cost to the planet has been huge, too. But there is a way to live a simpler, greener, and more affordable life: buy a TinyDwelling home! TinyDwelling homes are very small, yet comfortable houses at affordable prices. Each TinyDwelling home has a contemporary design and included a living room, kitchen, bathroom, upstairs sleeping area, and convenient storage space. TinyDwelling homes are cheap to run and ecologically-friendly, too. All you need is a small heater to keep your house warm in cold weather, and solar panels   in order to provide light and electricity. TinyDwelling is part of the small-living movement that began in the late 1990s. Back then, a growing number of people began to live in very small homes. They wanted to reduce their possessions, living space, and energy costs, so as to lead more ecologically-friendly lives. But the small-living movement really took off after the economic crisis of 2008, when many people realized that they couldn't afford to keep large homes. Lizzy Morriaon, a small-living enthusiast, started TinyDwelling homes in 2008 to meet the needs of these people. Since then, Lizzy has been designing and building homes nonstop, and TinyDwelling homes have become so popular that thousands of people have bought one. And Lizzy hasn't only designing and building houses. She has also been teaching people how to build them. Simply buy the plans and materials so that you can build your own home, and save even more money! \n Answer: It did not become quite popular until 2008.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the small-living movement?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f7e13bb72724428b84bdc568682838a",
            "input": "Article: Staying in a Homestay in Canada will give you an excellent opportunity to improve your English conversation skills and know more about Canada customs and cultures. Our homestay families are located in areas of Vancouver,Toronto and Montreal,Canada,living from 40 to 60 minutes from the school. These homes are safe,secure,inspected and approved by our homestay program coordinators. Your homestay family in Canada will be different from your own,especially the food and customs,but you will become one of the family! Most Canadians work outside the home and are active in community affairs. Family members have duties around the home and do many things for themselves. For example,family members are expected to take their own dishes from the dining room to the kitchen and take care of their own possessions. This will apply to you too! There will be many differences,both personal and cultural between you and your homestay family in Canada. We ask both you and your new family to be accepting of these differences. Each family will assist you in learning the arrangement of your new home. You will be asked to respect the rules and regulations that are suitable for their household. If any questions arise about your new home,please feel free to ask your family. You will be provided with a clean,comfortable,private room. The room will be furnished with a desk,bed,dresser,closet and good lighting. You are expected to keep your own room neat and tidy. You will have your own house key. Please respect the security of the household. Make sure you return the key when you leave. \n Answer: To give us some information about homestays in Canada.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's purpose of writing the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-53aab79eee3a47aca2949fe26790d0ca",
            "input": "Article: Like every other Olympics, the London 2012 Olympics will depend upon thousands of volunteers to help with the smooth running of the event. To show the importance of the role, London 2012 volunteers are to be called 'Game Makers'. Lord Coe has said recently: \"London 2012 is relying on brilliant Game Makers to help us create a great Olympic and Paralympic Games. \" London 2012 Olympics volunteers will provide the face of London 2012, working behind the scenes and making sure the games are as well organized, efficient and, most importantly, as enjoyable as possible. Despite the hard-work and often unsociable hours required of volunteers, applications to be considered as a Game Maker were unprecedented  with all the 70, 000 available positions applied within days. But, for those still interested in helping out during 2012 and being in the middle of the action, there are still a lot of opportunities available. If you were one of those who missed out on the chance of becoming London 2012 volunteers, you can now apply to be one of the 8, 000 London Ambassadors . This important role involves greeting fans from all over the world, welcoming them to the fantastic capital city of London and providing a friendly face as well as help, advice and a good old traditional warm British welcome. The view of London most visitors take away with them after the 2012 Olympics will mostly _ the volunteers and ambassadors, so these roles play a very important part in the process of making the UK a great place to travel to. Becoming a London Ambassador is a brilliant way to be involved with the London 2012 volunteers scheme and become a part of what should be an historic summer. \n Answer: They play an important role in the London 2012 Olympics.",
            "output": [
                "Why are London 2012 volunteers called \"Game Makers\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-323adf465cb24cd6842f61dfd2af4bcd",
            "input": "Article: In US, the potato is one of the most widely consumed crops. French fries are commonly found in typical American fast-food burger joints and cafeterias. French fries were introduced to the US when Thomas Jefferson served them in the White House during his presidency from 1801 t0 1809. Potato chips are popular with consumers as well. The humble potato is more than just a kind of food. In many ways it's part of the American pop culture. Let's take a look at some pop culture potatoes. Mashed Potato dance The Mashed Potato dance is a craze that began in 1962. The name of the dance came from the song it accompanies, Mashed Potato Time, performed by American R&B singer Dee Dee Sharp. The move vaguely resembles that of the Twist dance style, by Sharp's fellow Philadelphian, Chubby Checker. Hot Potato! Hot Potato!  is an action puzzle video game released in 2001. In the game the player must drive a bus and clear the road of alien potato beings. The potato beings are either red or blue; when two like-colored potatoes touch each other, they disappear. .Over the years, Hot Potato! has received mostly positive reception from critics. Mr. Potato Head Mr. Potato Head is an American toy invented by George Lerner in 1949. The toy consists of a plastic potato model and a variety of plastic parts like hands, feet, ears and mouths. In 1952, Mr. Potato Head became the first toy advertised on television. This commercial revolutionized marketing and caused a boom that solidified this toy's place in American pop culture. \n Answer: Mr. Potato Head.",
            "output": [
                "Which is the newest to the American pop culture?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f6176ff76024a11a6aef1d6a57c534c",
            "input": "Article: Until March 28, the fate of the gray wolf in the Rocky Mountains was in the hands of the federal government because the wolf was listed as an endangered species. But once it was removed from the list -- a decision that is being challenged in court by a dozen conservation groups -- the gray wolf fell under the protection of individual states. That is turning out to mean almost no protection at all.  prefix = st1 /Idaho's Fish and Game department announced last week that it would allow 428 of the state's estimated 1,000 wolves to die this year. Some will die of natural causes. Most will be killed by hunters.  Idaho officials argue that the remaining population will still be larger than the very small number to be protected in the original federal wolf recovery plans. But Idaho's Fish and Game department has overruled its own staff biologists, who for the good of the wolf population -- and the ecosystem  as a whole -- argued that more animals should be allowed to survive. Sadly, in Idaho, wolves are nothing more than another game animal to be managed for the benefit of human hunters. Beginning on Sept. 15, any Idaho hunter with a hunting license and $10.50 for a wolf tag will be entitled to shoot one wolf, at least until the quota  of dead wolves in his region has been reached. And how will a hunter know if the local quota has been reached? There will be a hot line, of course. Hunters will be encouraged not to shoot wolves wearing radio collars because those wolves are still being studied. Perhaps the solution is to fit all wolves with radio collars.  It is still possible that Idaho's wolves -- and the wolves in other states -- will get a _ . A federal judge will soon decide whether to support or object to the government's decision to delist the gray wolf. We hope he will restore the wolf to the endangered species list. There is no better proof of how dangerous life is for wolves thanIdaho's plan to protect them. \n Answer: The wolves left will still be more than those to be protected in the original federal wolf recovery plans.",
            "output": [
                "Why do Idahoofficials permit a certain number of gray wolves to be hunted?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ccd7e796dcc04441895b54ccf2762b09",
            "input": "Article: Starting from April, 2010, you won't be hearing the word \"NBA\" on sports programs on CCTV. Instead, sport host will give the full Chinese name when they refer to the NBA - National Basketball Association. You also won't hear any other English abbreviations   on CCTV's Chinese programs, such as GDP (gross domestic product), or WTO (World Trade Organization). You will hear their Chinese translations. CCTV received a notice from the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television telling it to avoid using English-language abbreviations in their reports to protect the \"purity\" of the Chinese language. A few other TV stations also received the notice. Fu Zhenguo, an editor of People's Daily, is one of the people who suggested the change. \"Firstly, using English in a Chinese-speaking environment is against Chinese law,\" he said. \"Then, using English on Chinese TV programs is unfair to people who don't understand English. What's worse, it will have a bad language influence on kids and teenagers.\" A lot of netizens have criticized the move, saying that it will cause problems for them. \"I understand what CD, VCD and DVD mean when I hear them. But I won't know what the TV programs are talking about if I hear those products' full Chinese names,\" a netizen wrote in a BBS post. Following the same post, another netizen wrote jokingly: \"I'm not listening to my MP3 now. I'm listening to my Moving Picture Experts Group-1 Audio Layer 3  .\" \n Answer: 4",
            "output": [
                "How many reasons did Fu Zhenguo list to show his support for the change?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eba44741c1134412a97a92dd36d655b5",
            "input": "Article: In the more and more competitive service industry,it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction.Today,customer \"delight\" is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share. It is accepted in the marketing industry,and confirmed by a number of researches,that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people;those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people.Interestingly,80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal. New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet.For example,many companies now have to invest a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the \"phone rage\"--caused by delays in answering calls,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods. \"Many people do not like talking to machines,\"says Dr.Storey,Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School.\"Banks,for example,encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them.The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust them--the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager.\" Recommended ways of creating customer delight include:under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be carried out within five hours,but getting it done within two );replacing a faulty product immediately;throwing in a gift voucher as an unexpected \"thank you\" to regular customers;and always returning calls,even when they are complaints. Aiming for customer delight is all very well,but if services do not reach the high level promised,disappointment or worse will be the result.This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example,\"I know how you must feel\"),and possible solutions (replacement,compensation or whatever fairness suggests best meets the case). Airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care.Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool,while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather,unclaimed luggage and technical problems. For British Airways staff,a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times.They are trained to answer quickly,with their name,job title and a \"we are here to help\" attitude.The company has invested heavily in information technology to make sure that infomation is available instantly on screen. British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service. Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as \"we do as we please\".On the other hand,the more customers are promised,the greater the risk of disappointment. \n Answer: Promising more gifts.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer recommend to create customer delight?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-70f5e7ccd3b744f29cf52854951dc5a8",
            "input": "Article: Today is my first day at Merchiston Castle School,and I was really nervous about it, because I have never visited the school before and didn't take any summer course. Despite my anxiety,I soon relaxed once I arrived; the staff were so nice that I felt my spoken English was better than it actually was! As soon as I walked into the dayroom of my boarding house,I was absolutely  amazed by the friendly atmosphere; everyone was so friendly that a boy as shy as I had no difficulty in setting in,and I made many new friends on my very first day,although I was struggling to remember all the names. Also I realized there were other international students in the house from all over the world,such as South Korea,Japan and Russia.Although their English was not so fluent,it didn't take long for us to understand each other at all.In some ways,it was even better to practice Enlgish by speaking to the international students,because we were both learning. As a boarder,the quality of food is something I consider very important,and Merchiston has not let me down.The school kitchens are run by a professional catering company,and the quality of food is excellent,also they take the issue of a healthy diet really seriously.I remember once I was asked to take more salad for my meal by a member of the kitchen staff for I did not have enough vegetables.This brings to another point of being a boarder:you need to learn how to look after yourself and be responsible for yourself.One of the huge advantages of being a _ is that we can have breakfast in the school,which means we don't have to pull ourselves out of the bed as early as the daypupils! \n Answer: Because he was shy.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the writer nervous when he was at Merchiston Castle School on the first day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-30dfb9e8298749a9bef96b48b5f37cb2",
            "input": "Article: Where do most writers get their ideas? For Yoshiko Uchida, it all began with Brownie, a five-month-old puppy. So excited was Yoshiko by Brownie's arrival that she started keeping a journal, writing about all the wonderful things Brownie did and the progress he made. Soon she was writing about other memorable events in her life, too, like the day her family got their first refrigerator. She also began writing stories, thanks to one of her teachers. Yoshiko wrote stories about animal characters such as Jimmy Chipmunk and Willie the Squirrel. She kept on writing, sharing the kitchen table with her mother, who wrote poems on scraps of paper and the backs of envelopes. Yoshiko grew up in the 1930s in Berkeley, California. Her parents, both of whom had been born in Japan, provided a loving and happy home for Yoshiko and her sister. They also provided a stream of visitors to their home who later found their way into Yoshiko's stories. One visitor who later appeared in several of Yoshiko's stories was the bad-tempered Mr. Toga, who lived above the church that her family attended. Mr. Toga would scold anyone who displeased him. The children all feared him and loved to tell stories about how mean he was and how his false teeth rattled   when he talked. Yoshiko also included in her stories some of the places she visited and the experiences she had. One of her favorite places was a farm her parents took her to one summer. The owners of the farm, showed Yoshiko and her sister how to pump water from the well and how to gather eggs in the henhouse. They fed the mules that later pulled a wagon loaded with hay while Yoshiko and the others rode in the back, staring up at the stars shining in the night sky. Yoshiko, who lived in the city, had never seen such a sight. As Yoshiko gazed up at the stars, she was filled with hope and excitement about her life. The images of that hayride stayed with her long after the summer visit ended, and she used them in several of her stories. The experiences Yoshiko had and the parade of people who marched through her young life became a part of the world she created in over twenty books for young people, such as The Best Bad Thing and A Jar of Dreams. Because of such books, we can all share just a little bit of the world and the times in which this great writer grew up. \n Answer: Writers like Yoshiko Uchida look to the richness of their lives for material.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of this story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ade1132148c3496eab58a69d4668fd2a",
            "input": "Article: A mansion  may symbolize the American dream. But the fact is, for most immigrants, the closest one they ever get to is the neighboring bushes.     Such is the case with 63-year-old Catalino Tabia, Calif. He's a gardener with a 6'h grade education. He came to America to make his dreams come true, but ended up fulfilling everyone else's.\"I always wanted to be somebody,\" Tabia said.\"But now I just want the opportunity to help others.\"     That is why, not long ago, Tabia started the Bay Area Gardeners Foundation. It's a charity aiming at helping smart kids like Noel Chavez, whose dream was to become the first in his family to graduate from college.Unfortunately, since Noel is still waiting for his citizenship, he's not qualified for financial aid.And after just a few months of going to school full-time and working full-time, he was ready to give in.     \"I'm working too much. I'm not going to do it. It's impossible. But then you get some help, and that's my break. \"  The break was a  $  1,500 scholarship from the Gardeners Foundation. In the last two years, the foundation has awarded 13 such prizes to low-income kids, regardless of citizenship. And Tabia plans to give out hundreds more.     How does a gardener come up with that kind of cash?  \"I was thinking and thinking and suddenly, the clients V \" he said.\"That's where the money is coming from. We work for clients with a lot of money. \" Tabia and his gardener friends just started knocking on those mansion doors-and the checks have been rolling in ever since.  \"There might be some gardeners at your graduation,\" someone said to Noel.\"I'm sure there will and I'm going to invite them,\" he replied.     Tabia is now hoping this idea catches on with the gardeners around the country. And whether that happens or not, and whether he realizes it or not, Tabia has already finished what he came to America to do-become somebody. \n Answer: To help immigrants succeed.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Tabia come to America?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6c0a068c65eb410f9bd52e07bdcf530b",
            "input": "Article: Have fun with Stamp collecting...Join the Collectors Club today!If you enjoy learning all about stamps, then the Royal Mail's Collectors Club is for you.Join the club and discover the fascinating world of stamps.There are over 70,000 members and it is one of the biggest clubs of its kind in the country. Become a member today and you will receive lots of wonderful stamp collecting goodies... *A Starter pack... And every two months... *Collectors Club magazine *Collectors Corner supplement And every year... *A new Stamp Calendar *A set of Album Pages Join today! It won't cost you much to experience the fun of stamp collecting. Collectors Club Starter Pack 1.100 used stamps and hinges 2.The Collectors Club Guide to Collecting 3.The latest Collectors Club magazine (packed with news and views about stamps, quizzes and competitions, all in colour) 4.Album pages 5.Badge and stickers 6.Membership card 7.Royal Mail Stamp Calendar. Already Registered? Sign In Here! Learn More View a Flash presentation about our club (3.51MB) \n Answer: Royal Mail Stamp Calendar and Collectors Corner supplement.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT included in a starter pack?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-70a46a713f3e4c21af4c30e23a102416",
            "input": "Article: A romantic message-in-a-bottle discovered by a mother and daughter at a Scottish beach has sparked  a mystery about whether it could have travelled 5,000 miles across the seas from China. Nicola MacFarlane, 41, and daughter Lucy, four, from Portobello, near Edinburgh, were looking for driftwood  on Portobello Beach when they came across an old glass bottle containing a note inside written in _ . Now the family are trying to work out if the letter has managed the extraordinary journey across the Philippine Sea, into the Indian Ocean and through both the South Atlantic and the North Atlantic Ocean's before washing up on the shores of Great Britain. It was written on Chinese Valentine's Day or Qixi Festival as it is more traditionally known, lunar July 7, 2012, so it sent off as recently as six days ago because it followed the modern calendar, which celebrated the occasion on August 23. Nicola was still excited to read about the Chinese love story after having it translated. \"I really do hope that it is from China but even it is from nearer to home, it's still a lovely gesture and an inspiring find. It's a love story regardless of where it came from. Nicola, who runs a beach art business in Portobello, added: \"I'm always at the beach looking for bits of driftwood but I've never come across anything like this before. We knew it was Chinese, but we had no idea what it said.' Unable to read the Mandarin text, Nicola turned to the internet and her Australian friend, Julie Gould, whose daughter attended a Chinese school in Sydney. Several hours later Julie returned with the news that it was in fact a love letter. The translated letter reads: \"Da Hai(Ocean), I hope no-one will get this bottle, as we just wish you can hear our voice, and get your blessing. Today is the Chinese Valentine's Day, we pray that our relationship will last forever and we will have a long happy life together...\" Nicola said: \"It sounds to me like the couple are in love but cannot be together so they have sent the message to tell the world of their love.\" \n Answer: On August 29, 2012.",
            "output": [
                "When did Nicola and her daughter come across the message-in-bottle?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4369512dd8684da09009692b0c3c0bb3",
            "input": "Article: Inprefix = st1 /Kansas City,Missouri, a computer helps fire fighters. The computer, which works very fast, has information about all the 350,000 street addresses in the city. Within two or three seconds after a call is received, the computer provides necessary information for the fire fighters. The information is then sent to them by radio from the computer centre in the City Hall. The exact place of the burning building and its size, type and any other details are clear to them.    TheKansas Citycomputer system also has a medical record of each of the city's 900 fire fighters. This kind of information is especially useful when a fire fighter is injured. With the information, doctors at hospital can treat the injured fire fighters more quickly and easily.    The fire fighters themselves greatly appreciate   the computer's help. They know about possible danger ahead of them and can prepare for it. Many times the computer information helps to save lives and property  . Sometimes the lives are those of fire fighters themselves. Mike Horan, a fire fighter captain, says, \"I feel as if the computer is watching over me to help me if I get hurt.\" \n Answer: Computers Help Fire Fighters.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fb5e5b1909a249909239cbeb446fcfd9",
            "input": "Article: Advertisement A WE NEED DISTRIBUTORS  AGED 13 + IN ALL AREAS Would you like the opportunity to earn extra cash close to home? If so we have a vacancy  in our team of local distributors which would suit you. Both adults and youngsters aged 13 + are required to deliver your local free paper. FOR MORE INFORMATION TEUNIONE 0196 -675898 Advertisement B PAYROLL  CONTROLLER  LANCHESTER  FISH Must be able to work on own initiative  . High degree of computer literacy required. Ability to develop new payroll systems an advantage. Write with full CV and two referees to: Lanchester Fish 15 Collings Lane LA5 8RU Advertisement C THE  KINGDOM  COUNTRY  CLUB requires EXPERIENCED CHEF/COOK Must be motivated and creative with food. EXPERIENCED  BAR  MANAGER / BAR  PERSON required full time. Accommodation available if required as part of the package ( wage negotiable. ) Could possibly suit couple PART -TIME BAR  STAFF  REQUIRED Tel 0196- 887323 during office hours Advertisement D SELL  INJURY  INSURANCE Previous experience NOT essential. Local area. Expenses paid. Training provided. Major international company. Excellent career prospects +package. CALL 0196 436211  FOR  LOCAL  INTERVIEW \n Answer: By writing to Lanchester Fish 15 Collings Lane LA5 8RU.",
            "output": [
                "How can you contact the employer if you want a job with computers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8aac115115974455a979a8822ed85f2a",
            "input": "Article: A new study suggests that the roundtheclock availability that cell phones have brought to people's lives may _ family life. The study,which followed more than 1,300 adults over 2 years, found that those who consistently used a mobile phone throughout the study period were more likely to report negative \"spillover\" between work and home life--and,in turn,less satisfaction with their family life. Spillover essentially means that the line between work and home begins to become unclear. Work life may invade home life when a parent is taking jobrelated calls at home,for instance--or family issues may start to take up work time. For example,a child may call mum at work,telling her \"microwave exploded\",explained Noelle Chesley,an assistant professor of sociology at the University of WisconsinMilwaukee and the author of the study. The problem with cell phones seems to be that they are allowing for even more spillover between work and home. This may be especially true for working women,the study found. Among men,consistent use of mobile phones seemed to allow more work issues to creep  into family time. But for women,the spillover tended to go in both directions. Being \"connected\" meant that work cut into home time,and family issues came into work life. Cell phones seem to be opening more lines for stressful exchanges among family members. But there may be ways to control the spillover,according to Chesley. Employers, she said,could look at their policies on contacting employees after hours to make sure their expectations are \"reasonable\".For their part,employees could decide that cell phones go off during family time, Chesley said. \n Answer: Separate work hours from family time.",
            "output": [
                "According to Chesley,what is the best solution to the problem caused by cell phones?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a340f74502f04e16af52a280af1a20fc",
            "input": "Article: Waiting anxiously to be reunited with the son he had not seen for 13 years, Phil Baker took a walk along the beach with his wife Lyn to relax himself. His boy Benji, 21, was finally back to Australia after living most of his life in the UK, half a world away from his dad. As he looked out at the ocean, wondering how his son might have changed over the years, Phil saw some people on the kayaks   in trouble on the water. Without hesitation, he dived into the sea to help. And as he carried a stricken young man trembling and semi-conscious to the shore, he realized the young man was his long-lost son. \"I looked at his face, and something occurred to me,\" says Phil. \"Those brown eyes were very familiar.\" Although Phil had seen just a few photos of his son since the boy was eight years old, he recognized him at once. It would be reasonable to suppose it was a father's instinct that _ Phil to help ---- but at the moment he dived into the water to go to the aid of the struggling group, he only thought he was helping a stranger in trouble. He said, \"Two people were desperately paddling on one of the kayaks and it seemed like someone fell into the water. I told Lyn, 'Something is not right; I'm going to help.' \" \"l took off my T-shirt and threw my keys on the sand. Diving into the water, I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying in the water. He was shaking violently. Linking arms with one instructor, I helped to carry the man out of the water. He was drifting in and out of consciousness and his hands and feet were blue.\" Then Phil looked into the boy's eyes and wept as he realized the stricken stranger was his own son. Phil recalled, \"I asked the instructor, 'what's his name?' \" He replied, 'Benji'. In an instant, I knew that stranger was my boy. I checked his breathing and pulse and said, \"It's me, your dad. You're going to be OK.\" Benji tells how it felt to be saved by his long-lost dad. \"All I remember was waking up on the beach and seeing my dad there,\" he says, \"And I recognized his face straight away.\" \n Answer: Phil and his wife lived in Australia.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about the Bakers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8cb70b6d6c354af8be0ae70876a4be21",
            "input": "Article: Our company, Eastern Energy, is here to help and provide you with personal advice on any matters connected with your bill or any other questions about your gas and electricity supply. Moving Home Please give us as much notice as possible if you are moving home, but at least 48 hours required for us to make the necessary arrangements for your gas and electricity supply. Please telephone our 24-hour line at 0131 6753 219 with details of your move. In most cases we are happy to accept your meter reading on the day you move. Meter Reading Eastern Energy uses various types of meter ranging from the traditional dial meters to new technology digital display meters. Always read the meter from left to right, ignoring any red dials. If you require assistance, contact our 24-hour line at 0600 7310 310. Energy Efficiency Line If you would like advice on the efficient use of energy, please call our Energy Efficiency Line at 0995 7625 513. Please do not use this number for any other enquiries . Special Services Passwords-you can choose a password so that, whenever we visit you at home, you will know it is us. If you want more information, please ring our helpline at 0995 7290 290. If you need help or advice with any issues, please contact us at 0131 6440 188. Complaints  We hope you will never have a problem or cause to complain, but, if you do, please contact our complaints handling team at PO Box, Stanfield, ST55 6GF or telephone us at 0131 6753 270. Supply Failure If you experience any problems with your electricity supply, please call free at 0600 7838 836, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. \n Answer: Energy users of Eastern Energy.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the passage most probably written to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11b0147c8e46480489a6bb6b210015c0",
            "input": "Article: Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term control of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to \"light\" beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical efforts. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to lose weight said they were combining exercise with their diet. In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts; for example, one would have to quickly walk hard three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry . Even exercise professionals accept half a point here. \"Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight,\" says York Onnen, program director of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. Still, exercise's supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight. If you have been sedentary   and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year's time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight. \n Answer: They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight.",
            "output": [
                "What is said about the average American in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-86b264578f054d9096f6a3664b4eb7af",
            "input": "Article: At a primary school in a small town in the east of South Carolina, second-grade teachers Carneau and Lynne are convinced that separating primary boys and girls produces immediate academic improvement in both genders   David Chadwell, South Carolina's coordinator  of single gender education says, \" Boys and girls learn,hear and respond to their surroundings differently. We can teach boys and girls based on what we now know.\" Male and female eyes are not organized in the same way,he explains. The composition of the male eye makes it sensitive to motion and direction. \" Boys interpret  the world as objects moving through space,\" he says. The male eye is also drawn to cooler color1s like silver and black. It's no accident that boys tend to create pictures of moving objects instead of drawing the happy color1ful family,as girls do in class. The female eye,on the other hand,is drawn to warmer color1s like red, yellow and orange. To attract girls, Chadwell says, the teacher doesn't need to move as much as in boys' class. Using descriptive phrases and lots of color1s in presentations or on the blackboard gets their attention. Boys and girls also hear differently. \" When someone speaks in a loud tone,girls interpret it as yelling, \" says Chadwell. \" They think you're mad and can shut down. \" Girls are more sensitive to sounds. He advises girls' teachers to watch the tone of their voices. Boys' teachers should sound more forceful, even excited. A boy's nervous system causes him to be more cautious when he is standing, moving, and the room temperature is around 6.Stress in boys,he says, tends to increase blood flow to their brains, a process that helps them stay focused. Girls are more focused when they are seated in a warmer room around 75degF. Girls also respond to stress differently. When exposed to threat and conflict, blood goes to their guts  ,leaving them feeling nervous or anxious. These differences can be applied in the classroom, Chadwell adds. \" Single gender programs are about maximizing the learning.\" \n Answer: Uninterested.",
            "output": [
                "What is David Chadwell's attitude towards separating primary boys and girls while learning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0fe4d00230eb4b5789ceb9dc9d6fe079",
            "input": "Article: Imagine being given the opportunity to wake up to lions, eat your meals with monkeys, and even share your bath with bears, all from the comfort of a unique new lodging experience. The Jamala Wildlife Lodge opened its doors in January 2015, which was set up in an effort to educate visitors about aiding the survival of many of the world's endangered species. \"It's great for the animals; they're going to get more space. It's great for the viewing public; they're going to get more things to see. It will be great for tourism and just for the local community,\" Said Richard Tindale, the owner and operator. Spreading across three locations in the National Zoo, the 18 rooms, which range from giraffe tree houses to jungle bungalows, offer a fantastic experience with wildlife The Giraffe Treehouse The Giraffe Treehouse is set among the giraffe enclosures  , and the Jungle Bungalows are luxurious individual suites which are next to either lion, cheetah , brown bear, or Malaysian sun bear enclosures. The Ushaka House Housing up to 26 people, the Ushaka House is built around the monkey enclosure and has a built-in aquarium which offers private views of some of the zoo's sharks. The Burley Griffin House Only meters from the edge of Lake Burley Griffin, the indoor and outdoor entertaining areas have splendid views across the lake to Black Mountain. The Shark House The Shark House has its own little jetty  and it comes out over the shark tank here and so the people who stay in the room will be able to go to their bedroom and pat the shark. Location Located in the heart of Australia's political capital, the Jamala Wildlife Lodge at the National Zoo and Aquarium is just ten minutes from Canberra's central Business District. \n Answer: The Jamala Wildlife Lodge lies in the heart of Canberra.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about the Iamala Wildlife Lodge?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dc83608e2c2547ffa9c0166e905cc218",
            "input": "Article: The Ministry of Health has called for more awareness from the public on the mental health of the young,as part of efforts to mark World Mental Health Day. More than 15 percent of the Chinese youth have been found with mental problems,and about 30 million young people under 17 are suffering from depression,the Shanghai-based Wenhui Daily reported. The World Health Organization estimated that before 2020,the rate of children with mental problems will increase to 50 percent,and mental problems will become a major factor behind death and illness in the young worldwide. Deng Xiaohong,the spokesperson for the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau,said rapid social change is one of the reasons behind the rising number of youngsters with psychological problems. If these mental diseases are not _ on time,occurrence of crime,drugtaking and other dangerous behavior are expected to rise. Experts said mental disease could be caused by many factors,such as the inability to handle interpersonal relations well,unstable emotions and pressure from the overload of study. A number of experts have also said the one-child policy is another reason leading to poor mental health in the young. Children were said to be too \"spoiled\" and \"selfish\" in one-child families. Schools in many cities were reported to roll out measures to help students maintain their mental well-being. Yin Jingmiao,a teacher of the Beijing No. 105 Middle School,told China Daily that the school invites psychologists to provide counseling to students three times a month. \"Students can be arranged to have 40-minute counseling sessions,\" Yin said. The school also gives lectures on mental health to senior grade students before they take the national college entrance exams,to help ease any anxiety arising from the tests. \n Answer: To urge awareness on mental health of the young.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f54b2142f8814a409964c2423402bb68",
            "input": "Article: Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie have given $500,000 to help the town of Joplin --a town near the Mississippi River, where Pitt's mother went to school recover from a huge tornado  that struck on May 22, 2011. The couple made the donation through the Jolie-Pitt Foundation on Thursday to help rebuild the town of Joplin after about 30% of the buildings were destroyed by the tornado. Over 150 people were killed. \"The Joplin community faces great challenges ahead,\" said Brad. \"Having spent most of my childhood there, I know these people to be hardworking, humble and especially resilient. \"The locally based Community Foundation of the Ozarks will be working shoulder to shoulder with these Joplin citizens for long to rebuild their lives. We, too, hope to further help with these rebuilding efforts.\" \"Last year 42 million people worldwide were hurt by natural disasters,\" added Angelina. \"So often, these disasters seem far away; but now, the need is right here at home for thousands of people. Our hearts go out to the families in Joplin who have lost so much.\" The Community Foundation of the Ozarks was founded in 1973 and has since grown to include 43 branch community foundations. The Foundation's task is to improve the quality of life in the Missouri Ozarks area through resource development, community grant making, working together, and public leadership. \"We had a call in the first day or two afterward from an organization representing them,\" said Brian Fogle, president of the Community Foundation of the Ozarks. \"They made several calls afterwards, but we learned that they made a donation. \n Answer: in the USA",
            "output": [
                "Where did the disaster most probably happen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-27f2f1ff74b945249a95ac39c0a6df71",
            "input": "Article: (Xinhua)The Expo 2010 Shanghai China formally opened its door to the highly public this morning. Top Chinese political advisor Jia Qinglin and International Exhibitions Bureau President Jean-Pierre Lafon activated the opening device together at a commencement ceremony. The Expo, carrying a theme of \"Better City, Better Life\", reflects the crystallization of wisdom about urban construction and vision of a better future life, Jia, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, said while addressing the ceremony. BIE Secretary Teneral Vicente Gonzalea Loscertales said the Shanghai World Expo would be \"the most splendid and unforgettable\" and would help the world better understand the present, have a glimpse into the future and strengthen cooperation between countries and organizations. Visitors, from home and abroad, are thronging to the gates of the Expo site, waiting for security checks in long queues.Around 300,000 tickets have been sold or distributed for the opening day, organizers said. The Expo is expected to attract 70 million visitors from China and abroad.The Expo site covers an area of 5.28 square kilometers along both sides of the Huangpu River, a tributary of the Yangtze River. \n Answer: Better City, Better Future.",
            "output": [
                "What is the theme of the EXPO 2010 Shanghai China?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a308be2bc8474ddb8006b9858ec21377",
            "input": "Article: Opera |BooingattheRoyalOperaHouse Audience love to make a noise. They will cough, laugh or clap. Disrupting an event satisfies our sense of narcissism . The booing of a violent scene in the Royal Opera House's new production ofGuillaumeTellmay have been justified, but it set a bad beginning. Audience enjoyed a secret feeling of excitement, the unacknowledged desire to do it again. (Hunter-Tilney,FinancialTimes) Publishing |TheTrueDetectiveofthe1940s With their beautiful covers and well-designed headlines,TrueDetectivewas a significant part of the publishing industry in America. At its peak in the 1940s it sold two million copies a month. (John Marr,TrueCrime) Books |Readingbythesoftglowofyourphone Readers are using smart phones more often than before.\"It's partly a matter of convenience. But it's also a function of screen size and resolution. However, the use of e-readers is falling fast.\"(Jennifer Maloney,TheWallStreetJournal) Pop music |WhytheInternetdidn'tkillmusic Art thrives in the age of the Internet. Only the music industry has been basically disrupted.\"Writers, performers, directors and even musicians report their economic fortunes to be similar to those of their counterparts 15 years ago, and in many cases they have improved. Against all odds, the voices of the artists seem to be louder than ever.\"(Steven Johnson,TheNewYorkTimes) For more articles which are read most this week, visit[Link] \n Answer: They have set a bad example and should be criticized.",
            "output": [
                "What does Hunter-Tilney think of the booing audience at the Royal Opera House?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e78b6ccdfb9d4c13a2a31ecbb2f3668e",
            "input": "Article: This week Faith Lapidus and Doug Johnson will tell you about Chuck Berry.Chuck Berry,born on October 18,1926,is often called the father of rock and roll.He is one of the most popular and influential performers of rhythm-and-blues and rock'n'roll music during the 1950s,1960s and 1970s. He started singing in church when he was six years old.His interest in music stuck with him.A lot of Chuck Berry's material is about teenage life,especially school.Chuck Berry left school when he was 17.He headed west with two friends,but they did not get far.They were arrested after they used a gun to steal a car in Kansas City,Missouri.He was set free after four years. Chuck Berry signed his first recording contract in 1955,with the company Chess Records.Because one of his early hits,\"Rock&Roll Music\", _ in the United States then,which was greeted with enthusiastic reviews.Many other famous bands copied it again and again. Filmmaker Taylor Hackford made a documentary called\"Hail! Hail! Rock'n'Roll\", named for a Chuck Berry song.It centered on the making of a concert to honor the musician on his 60th birthday in 1986.Guitarist Keith Richards from the Rolling Stones organized the concert.Listening to Chuck Berry songs got him interested in music.In Keith Richards'words,\"I didn't dream I could make a living at it but that's what I wanted to do.\"More than 75 artists and bands have done their own versions of Chuck Berry songs. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland,Ohio,included Chuck Berry in its first year of honors in 1986.The Hall of Fame had this to say:\"While no individual can be said to have invented rock and roll,Chuck Berry comes the closest of any single figure to being the one who put all the essential pieces together.\" Thank you for your listening.Faith Lapidus and Doug Johnson were your announcers. \n Answer: Chuck Berry is the most popular and influential performer.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about Chuck Berry is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1fb865952a1d4f2489820c8f53c82eaa",
            "input": "Article: The future of agriculture must achieve several goals at the same time.  First, it now appears that we will have to double world food production in the next 40 years due to population growth, increasing meat consumption and pressure from biofuels  . We will also have to reduce the environmental impacts from our farming practices, which have caused widespread damage to soils, ecosystems, waters and even the atmosphere. In fact, agriculture's impacts are as bad as climate change as an environmental concern. Besides, we will have to improve food security for the world's poor. While the Green Revolution of the 1960s made it possible to feed hundreds of millions more people than in earlier eras, the number of the under-nourished in the world has started to rise again. Finally, we will have to increase the recovering ability of agriculture from shocks. Today, our high-efficiency, globalized world has many benefits, but it is vulnerable   to destruction, whether from droughts, diseases or sudden price rises. We must start building better food systems to better keep us away from future shocks. Currently, there are two models of agriculture: local and organic agriculture vs. globalized and industrialized agriculture. Each has been strongly supported and severely criticized, but neither of these models, standing alone, can fully meet our needs. Organic agriculture teaches us important lessons about soils, nutrition and pest management. Unfortunately, organic food provides less than 1% of the world's calories, mostly to the wealthy. It is hard to imagine organic farming developing to feed 9 billion. Globalized and industrialized agriculture has benefits of high output and low labor demands. Without it, billions of people would have starved. However, it has come with enormous environmental and social costs, which cannot be sustained. Rather than voting for just one solution, we need a third way to solve the crisis. Let's take ideas from both sides, creating new, hybrid solutions that increase production, save resources and build a more sustainable agriculture. There are many promising avenues to pursue. A new \"third way\" for agriculture is not only possible but also necessary. Our problems are huge, and they will require everyone at the table, working together toward solutions. \n Answer: Four",
            "output": [
                "How many goals of agriculture are mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e8bf43ff3fa94467acf8335be9f25cfb",
            "input": "Article: The Museum of Fine Arts, located in Boston Massachusetts, was founded in 1870. The current buildings, the result of many additions and restructures of the original building, were completed in 1981. Today the museum is home to more than 25,000 square feet of exhibition space. The collection varies and includes Asian art, Egyptian Old Kingdom sculptures, and collections of silver, decorative arts, furniture drawings, costumes, and musical instruments. One special note is the Museum extensive Impressionistic collection. Work from such artists as Degas, Van Gogh, and Monet are included and available for viewing. \n Answer: It covers an area of 25,000 square feet.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true about the Museum of Fine Arts?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-238fb9c0406249738b739de91490007d",
            "input": "Article: I had five hours in the company of First Great Western(FGW) last weekend, on a train full of passengers, all the way from Cornwall to London. I got to know some of my fellow passengers rather well. Not through talking to them, you understand. There was the youth who was explaining to his friend exactly how he enjoyed a party with his friends last night. Opposite him was a young woman who was very excited to be going to Lanzarote for her summer holiday. And then there was the man who I took to be a car mechanic ; so detailed and technical was his conversation about a second-hand Audi. Everyone had a different, noisy ringtone, and none of the mobile phone conversations I was forced to hear was interesting. By the end of the journey, I was silently complaining about the modern world, and feeling mad with FGW who, at the very moment when our carriage fell silent, would make an announcement about the buffet car (a carriage where food and drinks are sold) either opening or closing. FGW seems to be campaigning against peace and quietness, having removed quiet carriage spaces where passengers were requested not to use mobiles so that their trains could carry more passengers. How so? I cannot understand why FGW takes no notice of passengers like me, who have suffered a lot from hearing endless telephone conversations. I have no interest in the smallest details of others' lives. Making people listen to boring mobile phone conversations should be regarded as a rude act.\" Every train carriage should, in theory, be quiet. Why can't that be the standard? It is possible to change public custom and practice. It was not so long ago that sidewalks were littered with dog waste:now it's a general rule that dog owners clean it up after their pets. And once we restore peace and quietness to trains, we can then move on and stop people bringing fast food onto them, too. \n Answer: From their phone conversations.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author get to know the three passengers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-61f51ef904e34b6dba9fa6a3fc37bf28",
            "input": "Article: Hetty Robinson learnt all about money when very young. As a child, she read the financial   pages of the newspaper to her rich father. Her father died when Hetty was 30, and she inherited $1 million. When she herself died in 1916, she left almost $100 million to her two children. Hetty made her money on the New York stock   exchange. She was a financial genius. She made money so easily that people called her the Witch of Wall Street. But although she was one of the richest women in the world, she counted every cent and spent as little as possible. She didn't own a house, because she didn't want to pay taxes. So she and her children lived in cheap hotels. She spent almost nothing on clothes, and always wore the same long black dress. She washed it herself, but to save soap she only washed the bottom of the dress, where it touched the ground. Other people had their own offices, but Hetty used a desk in the bank where she kept her money, because it didn't cost anything. She sat in the bank and ate her sandwiches while she bought and sold stocks and shares. If the bank complained, she just moved all her money to another bank. Hetty's family paid the price for her meanness. When she was 33 she married a millionaire, Edward Green, and they had two children. But Green lost all his money, so she left him. When her son, Ned, injured his knee, Hetty didn't want to pay for a doctor, so she took him to a free hospital for poor people. Unfortunately the doctor knew Hetty was rich and he asked for money. Hetty refused and took the boy away. His leg got worse and two years later doctors removed it. But eventually Ned got his revenge  . At the age of 81, Hetty had an argument with a shop assistant about the price of a bottle of milk. She became so angry that she had a heart attack and died. So Hetty's meanness finally killed her. Ned inherited half his mother's fortune, and he spent it all on parties, holidays and expensive jewellery. \n Answer: She came from a poor family.",
            "output": [
                "What fact can be learned about Hetty Robinson from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d2b55d2f0904b8e974bbf33e3f35d74",
            "input": "Article: A small group of people around the world have started implanting  microchips to link the body and the computer. Mr. Donelson and three friends, who had driven 100 miles from their homes in Loockport, New York, to have the implants put in by Dr. Jesse Villemaire, whom they had persuaded to do the work, are part of a small group, about 30 people around the world, who have independently put in microchips into their bodies, according to Web-based reports. At a shop William Donelson was having a four-millimeter-wide needle put into his left hand. \"I'm set,\"he said with a deep breath. He watched as the needle pierced  the fleshy webbing between his thumb and a microchip was set under his skin. At last he would be able to do what he had long imagined: strengthen his body's powers through technology. By putting the chip inside--a radio frequency identification device (RFID)--Mr. Donelson would have at his fingertips the same magic that makes safety gates open with a knock of a card, and bridge and tunnel traffic flow smoothly with an E-Zpass. With a wave of his hand he plans to connect with his computer, open doors and unlock his car. Implanting the chip was relatively simple task but very meaningful to Mr. Doneselson, a 21-year-old computer networking student so interested in the link between technology and the body that he has data-input jacks  inside his body. _ might lead to an imagined future when people can be connected directly into computers. His new chip is enclosed in a glass container no bigger than a piece of rice and has a small memory where he has stored the words \"Technology\". Some doctors have done the piercing in people's homes, and others have implanted chips in their offices after patients signed forms showing the fact that long-term studies have not been done on their safety. Piercers treat the implants much like any other medical operation steps, instructing people to keep the site dry, and advising them that swelling and redness should last a week. \n Answer: Turn his body and brain directly into computers.",
            "output": [
                "With a RFID implanted, which of the following will Mr. Donelson be able to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0052e573196c4e2fba5f776dbd2dbb30",
            "input": "Article: Disneyland calls itself the happiest place in the world. In order to keep visitors happy in its locations across the globe, every theme park in the world is changed slightly to satisfy local cultures and tastes. Opened in 1983 and larger than the original California Disneyland, Tokyo Disneyland is the third most visited of any theme park in the world after the two Disney parks in the US. Like Walt Disney World in Florida, Cinderella's Castle is located at the centre of the park. But like karaoke, which originated in Japan and is a country-wide obsession  , Disneyland gives the often-reserved   Japanese people a place to show their noisy side. In Tokyo Disneyland, even adult visitors will sing, clap and dance along to the internationally themed live shows, which is a rare sight in the US. After excitedly entering Disneyland Paris, which opened in 1992, visitors can see an arcade  that features a small copy of the Statue of Liberty - a gift from France to American in 1886, making it a perfect introduction to this Europe's only Disneyland theme park. Unfortunately, the French stereotype of a smoking wine drinker is supported in Disneyland Paris. Many visitors complain   that although the theme park is equipped with special smoking areas, most smokers seem to puff away   in all the open areas, including in queues for rides. _ \n Answer: Having to line up for a long time.",
            "output": [
                "What are most visitors unhappy about when in Disneyland Paris?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ab508adde6b24de79625fdd9e36f0c96",
            "input": "Article: DAVID Beckham. Cristiano  Ronaldo and Rnfacl Nadal while you watch sports and admin* the players' skills, do you ever notice how handsome the players are? Yes, sportsmen tend to be handsome. And they haven't only attracted the interest of the audience even scientists are now studying their good looks. In a recent study, Erik Postma, a biologist at the University of Zurich in Switzerland, collected the headshots of 80 professional athletes from I hr 2012 Tour He France, a bicycle race held in Franco. The race, which covers 3,200 kilometers in 23 days, is often considered to In* one of the hardest endurance events, according to The Telegraph. Postma then asked female participants to score the cyclists' attractiveness.judging them only based on their facial appearances. So, if a participant recognized any of the cyclists, meaning she knew how good he was at the sport, her score wouldn't count. After comparing all the scores with the cyclists' performances in the 2012 race, Postma was surprised to find that the best riders were rated on average 25 percent more attractive than the worst ones. For example, one of the cyclists, Maxime Monfort , came third in terms of attractiveness and sixth in terms of performance, reported Discovery News. But where did women get the ability to single out a good rider by simply looking at his face? According lo Postma, evolution   seems to be the answer. In ancient times, women preferred to marry strong men because they would provide good genes for their children. A man with great endurance was also able to cover long distances to hunt for food, which would allow him to better feed the family. \"That's why endurance performance was a key evolutionary factor.\" Postma told Discovery News. As you can see, it's not that sportsmen ate more attractive themselves, women were just born to think of them that way. Perhaps surprisingly, when Postma did the same test with male participants, he found that men actually had a quite similar view on which riders were handsome. Even though most men aren't aware of it. they inherited   this ability from their ancient past, when it was necessary to \"spot potential competitors\" , explained Postma. \n Answer: To predict the cyclists ' performances based on facial appearance.",
            "output": [
                "What did Erik Postma ask female participants to do in his study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e7c4ee542c44463a4b9b0b5a46be518",
            "input": "Article: Maybe you've just invented something better than the iPhone or a solar-powered car. You don't want anyone to steal your design. What should you do? Patent   it! Patents are the best way to get credit for your work and help others continue advancing in that field. Here's what you need to know. A patent gives you the right to an invention. The patent protects its owner, which means the invention can't be copied or sold without their agreement. In exchange, the owner must reveal information about the invention. This contributes knowledge that helps other inventors improve on their own research. A patent usually lasts about 20 years. The first step to getting a patent is the application. The person applying must name the invention, explain its use and describe it clearly. The invention must be practical and contain some new characteristic -- something that hasn't been seen or used before. But not everything \"new\" can be patented. Many countries don't allow patents on things like new concepts, scientific theories, medical procedures or substances already found in nature. You may not be able to see patents, but they're connected to nearly everything. There are patents on things you use every day, like plastic, medicine and your computer. There are patents on things that are unavailable on the market, too. Apple is well-known for its patents on potential products, such as the \"iBike\" or the \"iKey\". Of course there are also patents on inventions like this. Take the anti-eating face mask for example. This _ locks around your head with a metal cage covering your mouth. You can breathe and speak, but you can't eat! Although many patented inventions can be failures, there's plenty of room for success. So if you have a cool invention, try to patent it. \n Answer: Everything new can be patented.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a0441671878943c5a07bc1bcec526a39",
            "input": "Article: When Emily Beardmore first heard that a trip was being planned by the biology class at Windsor High School, she thought about how much fun it would be. \"I thought it would be a really good experience to go with other friends and teachers to another country in an environment other than a vacation environment,\" the 17-year-old girl said. A few months later, Emily got her chance when she and 14 of her classmates, along with biology teacher Tamara Pennington went to Costa Rica for eight days in late May. \"It was not just a tour,\" said Pennington, who organized the trip. \"You can go any place in the world on just a tour. This one was really working with the sea turtles   and practicing conservation . It just seemed like the perfect science field trip for kids who think they want to get into science to see what it's really like to be out in the field and enjoy themselves.\" Emily said her time on the turtle program, which was the focus of the trip, was \"crazy.\" \"We were walking on the beach at night and you can't see anything--just see a big black dot.\" She said with a laugh. \"I was not expecting the turtles to be that big.\" The turtles are leatherback turtles, which are becoming extinct   because their eggs are used as food. \"When they would move their legs while laying their eggs they were really hard to control because they were a lot more powerful than you would imagine,\" Emily said. Once the eggs were collected, the students took them back to a hatchery  and dug holes to copy the hole the mother turtle had made and then buried the eggs for the 60 days needed to hatch. \"The experience was so cool,\" Emily said. \"You go to another country to see what their culture is like and learn what their everyday lives are like. It made me really want to help out my mom a lot more than I do, and value what I have.\" \n Answer: It was a trip to do practical science activities.",
            "output": [
                "What did Pennington consider the trip to be?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f5706ee146cd4971afa1fdc62821eee6",
            "input": "Article: What if we could replace oil with a fuel which produced no pollution and which everybody had equal access to? The good news is that we can. In fact, we are swimming in it--- literally. Hydrogen is one of the building blocks of the universe. Our own sun is basically a big, dense cloud of the stuff. And hydrogen can be used to create electricity for power, heat and light. The problem is that hydrogen is everywhere and nowhere at the same time. It does not exist as a material on its own, but is always part of something else. So it has to be separated before it can be used. Most commercial hydrogen in use now is created from natural gas. As oil will start to run out in around the year 2030, it makes sense to produce as much hydrogen as possible as soon as we can. But natural gas supplies will also begin to run out soon after. Another source is needed. Researchers are now using electricity to make water into hydrogen. Companies are working on the problem in their own areas. The first commercial hydrogen \"fuel cells\" for computers and mobile phones have already come on to the market. Auto companies have also invested over US $2 billion in the production of hydrogen fuelled cars. The nations of a hydrogen fuelled planet would not fight over energy recourses. There would be a great reduction in pollution. The only by-product of creating hydrogen is pure drinking water--- something that is very scarce in many parts of the world. But that is not where the good news ends. Once the costs of producing hydrogen have been brought down, it will possibly provide power for a third of the Earth's population that has no electricity. And electricity creates wealth. In South Africa over the last decade there has been a large programme of electrification. Thanks to the programme, people do not have to spend their days looking firewood to burn for heat. And with electric light, they can work long into the night. Some scientists see radical changes in the way the human race co-operates. Hydrogen creates electricity, and is also created by _ . With dual use fuel cells, everyone who consumes energy could also produce it. Late at night, a man drives home in London and connects his car into the \"world-wide hydrogen web,\" which it supplies with electricity. A few hours later, a man in Beijing uses that electricity to power the hydrogen cell in his car. Hydrogen could be the first democratic energy source. Like all dreams of the future, it seems very far away. But the threat of war and terrorism in the Middle East has made governments and businesses more aware of the need to end oil dependency and spend more time and money on hydrogen resource. So maybe the threat of war is not a completely bad thing for the future of the human race. \n Answer: It has to be separated from other materials.",
            "output": [
                "What is the problem with using hydrogen as energy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-408ff0194c3247ada71c243ed0a26165",
            "input": "Article: What will city life be like in the future? Some people think that life in the cities is going to be horrible. They say that cities will become more and more crowded. As the number of people increases, there will be less space for each person. This overcrowding will cause other problems -- more crime, dirtier streets , and worse problems with traffic than we have now. How will people find enough drinking water, energy (such as gas and electricity ), and housing? Because life will be hard, people who live in cities will worry more, and they may become sick. For these reasons, some say that nobody will want to live in city areas. How can we deal with such problems as overcrowding, crime, and traffic? In some cities, thousands of people are already sleeping in the streets because there is little suitable housing -- and because houses are too expensive. The crime rate isn't going down. Instead, it is increasing so fast that many people are afraid to go out at night. Traffic is also getting worse. More and more often, traffic jams are so bad that cars don't move at all for several streets. These problems have been getting worse, not better, so many people see no hope for the future of the city. Los Angeles, California, for example, has no subway system and buses are slow. Instead, many commuters (, ) drive many miles from their homes to work. Many of these drivers spend several hours each day on busy freeways. New York, however, has a big transport system -- buses, commuter trains, and subways. Because the public transportation is crowded and dirty, many people drive private cars, and the traffic jams are worse than that in Los Angeles. A taxi driver complains, \"I was driving home, but in forty-five minutes I moved only two miles! Finally, I turned off the engine and just sat there. A lot of people left their cars where they were in the middle of the street and went into a bar for a few beers!\" On the other hand, some cities have clean, fast and pleasant public transportation systems. In Paris, France, and Toronto, Canada, for example, anyone can use buses or subways to move quickly from one part of the city to another. \n Answer: Overcrowding.",
            "output": [
                "What do some people think is the main problem of the future city like?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ab8aee42d554f9bb5eb1810e6e9e035",
            "input": "Article: The day after news broke of a possible revolution in physics ----particles   moving faster than light ?a scientist leading the European experiment that made the discovery calmly explained it to a standing-room- only crowd at CERN. The physicist, Dario Auterio, did not try to explain what the results might mean for the laws of physics, let alone the broader world.After an hour of technical talk, he simply said, \"Therefore, we present to you today this difference, this unusualness.\" But what unusualness it may be.From 2009 through 2011, the massive OPERA detector  buried in a mountain in Gran Sasso, Italy, recorded subatomic particles called neutrinos ( ) arriving faster than light can move in an empty space.The neutrinos generated at CERN are hardly detectably early.If confirmed, the finding would throw more than a century of physics into disorder. \"If it's correct, it's _ .\" said Rob Plunkett, a scientist at Fermilab, the Department of Energy physics laboratory in Illinois.\"We'd be looking at a whole new set of rules\" for how the universe works.Those rules would bend, or possibly break, Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity, published in 1905.Basical at the time, the theory tied together space and time, matter and energy, and set a hard limit for the speed of light, later measured to be about 186, 000 miles per second. No experiment in 106 years had broken that speed limit.Physicists expect strict study to follow, which OPERA and CERN scientists welcomed. Fermilab operates a similar experiment, called MINOS, that shoots neutrinos from Illinois to an underground detector in Minnesota.In 2007, MINOS discovered a just detectable amount of faster than-light neutrinos, but the permissible difference of error was too big to \"mention\" , Plunkett said. Fermilab scientists will reanalyze their data, which will take six to eight months.In 2013, the MINOS detector, now offline, will restart after an upgrade.It could then offer confirmation of the results. \n Answer: Because they are against the present law of physics.",
            "output": [
                "Why are the European scientists not sure about the results of the experiment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-66725e91f40044ba9dd924d9358d469c",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever wanted to enjoy the world's wonderful gifts? This earth is a beautiful place. If you look at nature, and see just trees, and grass, do you realize what incredible things you are missing?  Go outside. If you want to feel more connected to the earth, the first step is to experience it for yourself. Choose a place that you think that you could thoroughly enjoy. A quiet place set away from civilization is best. One of the key things is that it must be calm and quiet. Any natural setting will do, whether it is a forest or grassland, lake or mountain.    Sit down on a rock, some dry leaves, or simply on the ground. Get comfortable with your surroundings, and really take in the sounds and the feel of everything around you. Try not to focus on \"the big picture\"--stead, notice the little details of things; for example: how many ridges are there on a leaf? Do you see any animals around you? If so,  pay attention to kinds of things that happen lower to the ground.  Next, close your eyes, and picture in your mind the nature that surrounds you. The point is to sense that you are in a beautiful place.    Do something peaceful, such as fishing or meditating in the woods. You will be amazed at how relaxing it is to just sit back and enjoy the natural sounds of the woods and birds.    Go on a hike. Walking is great exercise and the pace of it will allow you to see and hear the little things. Don't let time or distance scare you. There are hikes of all lengths and difficulties.    Go camping or backpacking. Don't forget to look at the stars, whether you know anything about them yet or not. Often, they will appear brighter and more numerous when you are away from the light and smog of cities.  Practice primitive skills while in the woods to share a connection with our ancestors, if you want to go further. See the external links for suggestions.  Doing these kinds of things will bring about an appreciation of nature, and make you realize how beautiful it is, and that we too, are creatures of this earth. \n Answer: Incredible things from the nature",
            "output": [
                "What are the world's wonderful gifts in the author's eye?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3625601054a745fc8056c42ccbeb07c0",
            "input": "Article: I've been asked a million times why I've chosen to put up with all the inconvenience of working the road all these years when I could have easily written songs for a living, and enjoyed a peaceful and comfortable existence.My reply is:Nobody applauds when you write a song.     What else would cause a person to pack his belongings and ride away from his family in order to lead such a nomadic     existence?  I mean,entertainers don't cure cancer or anything.     I once rode all night and half a day through a snowstorm only to arrive in a town where we were booked to perform to find our concert had been canceled because of the weather.A handful of people hadn't heard the news,however,and had managed somehow to make their way to the concert hall.     We were cold, tired and hungry. But there was something in the eyes of those few fans who had shown up that told us how badly they wanted to hear the music they knew we could play if only we would. There was certainly no place else for us to go.  _ Why not drink some coffee and pick a little country music?     When our show was over,an elderly lady approached the stage.\"You don't know how much this evening has meant to me,\" she said.\"Thank you for playing and singing for such a small crowd.Today is the first time I've smiled since my husband died.Your music has helped me to forget my problems for a while.\"     Okay,so entertainers don't cure cancer.But maybe, every once in a while, we cure some other things that are almost as important. \n Answer: He was impressed with the crowd's desire for music.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author decide to give a performance for a small crowd ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73a46d55c54042c1856c2842664ed5e4",
            "input": "Article: Many people influenced various aspects of my life, based on their personal characteristics, accomplishments, and values. I have been fortunate to have had numerous teachers and professors who I respect for their patience and intelligence. There are artists that have inspired me by their natural talents and original creativity. I value many political leaders, who have inspired me by their contributions to society, and their ability to change our futures. But of all the people I have known in my life, the person I admire most is my father. As the youngest girl in my family, I always considered myself to be\"Daddy's little girl\". While I grew up, it always made me sad to see so many of my friends and neighbors without a father or father-like figure around. This helped me appreciate how my father always takes an interest in his children's lives. In every aspect of my life my father continuously pushes me to _ , so I could accomplish my work outstandingly among my people. Whenever I feel like giving up, or have a question or a concern, I know I can always call on him for advice. _ His strength seems to be unbreakable during hard times, and he is extremely determined to accomplish anything he sets his mind on, no matter how tiny it is. I highly respect him for how he stands up for what he believes in, and will never back down. I have always admired his open mind, compassion  for people, and sense of understanding. He is a very reserved  man, but to everybody's surprise, he has a great sense of humor, and always knows how to put a smile on the faces of his wife, his children and his friends. Living in his affection and instruction, I am very proud of my father. He also professes   how proud he is of his children, and is still there to support us in whatever we are involved in. \n Answer: My father--the person I admire most",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ab59935353cc4c49ad6858aceffd78df",
            "input": "Article: Birmingham----The wedding took place in aprefix = st1 /Birminghamhotel. The bride and her father arrived in a new black American sports car. Her father looked nervous and uncomfortable in front of the cameras. The bride wore a silk wedding dress. She smiled nervously at the waiting photographers and went to a room on the first floor where she met her future husband for the very first time.     Carla Germaine and Greg Cordell were the winners of a radio station's competition. The aim of the competition was to find two strangers prepared to marry without having met each other. Miss Germaine,23, is a model. Mr. Cordell, 27, is a TV salesman. They were among the two hundred people who entered for a peculiar \"experiment\" organized by BMRB radio in Birmingham,England. Greg and Carla were among eight finalists who were interviewed live on radio. They took a lie detector  test and the station also spoke to their friends and family about their personalities. The competition judges included an astrologer  who declared that they were suited. The couple celebrated their wedding with a wedding breakfast and a party for 100 guests in the evening, but not everyone shared their joy. Miss Germaine's mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and Mr. Cordell's parents are reported to be less than delighted.     Organizations, including the marriage guidance service Relate, have criticized the marriage. As one person put it, \"We have enough problems getting young people to take marriage seriously without this. Marriage should always be about love.\"     The couple are now on a Caribbean honeymoon followed by journalists. Their other prizes include a year's free use of a wonderful apartment in the centre ofBirmingham, and a car. But will it last? \n Answer: The bridegroom's parents were not that joyful.",
            "output": [
                "How did the couple's parents react to the wedding?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8360c8d7de1f45dab061e59a3b78fee3",
            "input": "Article: When your pet meets your infant, it might not be love at first sniff.  Baby's Best Friend  When Jennifer Merritt brought her baby, Arielle, home from the hospital, her cherished dogs had very different reactions. Her boxer, Sonya, was immediately gentle and protective. But Tiger, the Pomeranian, was less welcoming: \"If any diapers  or toys were on the floor, he peed on them!\"says the Greenbrier, prefix = st1 /Arkansas, mom. Tiger isn't the first dog to feel jealous of a baby. In the eyes of a pet's, there's a new star in town who's stealing his spotlight. Even the most gentle animal will probably act up if he doesn't get his usual attention. These simple steps will help your pet adjust -- and keep your baby safe.  u       Introduce Them with Care  Your newborn and pet's first encounter can set the tone for their relationship. To make it as smooth as possible, try this trick from Caryn Ruiz, of Raleigh, North Carolina: \"Before we left the hospital, my husband took blankets home to our dog, Daisy, so she'd know our newborn Devon's smell.\" When you get home, have your husband carry the baby so you can greet your pet without worrying about her jumping on you. A cat will likely walk away at first, while a dog will probably want to investigate right away.  To introduce your baby, get down on your pet's level and let her have a hello sniff. Don't panic and pull your newborn away unless your pet is barking or hissing, because it'll send the message that the baby is a threat.  u       Learn the Safety Basics  No matter how smoothly the introduction goes, there are certain safety rules you should follow, says Bonnie Beaver, DVM, past president of the American Veterinary Medical Association. Number one: Never leave your baby alone with the pet. Even the gentlest animal can react unpredictably. Your baby's crying could frighten your cat, or your dog could suddenly become territorial. Consider setting up baby gates to limit your pet's access. To keep your cat from jumping into the bassinet , try putting mosquito netting over the top. Cats hate sticky paws, so keep the crib  and changing table off-limits by lining the edges with sticky strips made for furniture (available in most pet stores). You can also train your dog to sleep in a crate. \n Answer: To illustrate the possible situation when pet meets the new baby.",
            "output": [
                "What is the function of the story told at the beginning of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3212516a1ad94cc9b919b8c356460774",
            "input": "Article: A star usually is someone who has become famous in sports, film, or pop music, someone like singer Michael Jackson. In the middle nineteen eighties, Michael Jackson successfully made a famous record, which quickly became the most popular recording in the history of music. This made Michael Jackson a bright star. One of the famous sports bright stars in the United States is Mohammed Ali. When he was a young man, he won a gold medal in the Olympic Games as a boxer. Then, he won first place in the world heavy weight boxing match. Before long, he was known as one of the greatest and most famous boxers in sports history. Everyone knows his name. Like the stars in the sky, a bright star will lose his brightness as time passes. He is loved by millions of people today, but will be forgotten tomorrow. \n Answer: bright stars",
            "output": [
                "What does this passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9e17690a9b041c69a8803ab385d5ba5",
            "input": "Article: Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move. In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra  starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do _ , plants tend to grow horizontal  branches low to the ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds. But as Earth's climate has been warming, trees no longer have to just grow horizontally. Many can instead grow up toward the sky. This takes less energy. And with all the leftover energy. these trees have started producing more seeds. This happens especially in places where the white spruce  grows. White spruce, which is a North American tree, is quite able to produce a lot of seeds, which can move long distances in the wind. When wind-blown seeds end up on the tundra beyond the tree line, they eventually can sprout   new trees. This explains how a forest can move. Of course, the process would work only if the tundra were warm enough. But in recent years, the whole planet has been warming. New trees will provide shelters for some snow, keeping the sun's rays from making the white surface disappear. Instead, the trees absorb the sun's heat. This warms the surrounding air. The extra warmth encourages even more trees to produce seeds. That further boosts a forest's ability to expand. In addition, more trees will trap more snow, preventing much of it from being blown away. Snow can trap heat in the soil below,which encourages trees to grow. The recent rise of temperature has helped more trees grow.  The recent rise of temperatures has helped more trees grow past the tree line. People worry about impacts on the animals that depend on frozen conditions for food and shelter. \n Answer: The rising temperature.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main cause of the trees in the Arctic moving northward?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2ae8883575464af686211f0bc5d683df",
            "input": "Article: People need to relax and enjoy themse1ves.One way they can have a good time is to watch a baseball game or another sports event.Even thousands of years ago,groups of people gathered to watch skilled athletes . Over 2000 years ago in Greece,certain days in the year were festival days.These were holidays when people stopped work and enjoyed themselves.They liked to watch athletes take part in  races and other games of skill. The most important festival was held every four years at the town of Olympia.It was held in honor of the Greek  god Zeus(Zus).For five days,athletes from all parts of the  Greek  world took part in the Olympic Games.At the Olympic Games,people could watch them box,run,jump and so on.There was a relay race between two teams of men in which a lighted torch was passed from runner to runner.The Olympic Games were thought to be so important that cities which were at war with one another had to stop fighting.People were allowed to travel to the games safely.Thousands of people came to Olympia from cities in Greece and from her colonies in Africa,Asia and Italy.They met as friends to cheer their favorite athletes and to enjoy themselves. \n Answer: People stopped work and enjoyed themselves.",
            "output": [
                "What happened in Greece over 2000 years ago?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bf6cadc744aa43bbb20ba5a99eef89a2",
            "input": "Article: JAMES shook his money box again. Nothing! He carefully counted the coins that lay on the bed. All that he had was $24.52 . The bicycle he wanted was at least $90! How on earth   was he going to get the rest of the money? He knew that his friends all had bicycles. It was hard to hang out with people when you were the only one without a bicycle. He thought about what he could do. There was no point asking his parents, for he knew they had no extra money. There was only one way to get money, and that was to earn it. He would have to find a job. He decided to ask Mr Clay for advice. \"Well, you can start right here,\" said Mr Clay. \"You see, my windows need cleaning and my car needs washing.\" That was the beginning of James' part-time job. For the next three months he worked every day after finishing his homework. He took dogs for walks, cleared out cupboards and mended books. The day finally came when James counted his money and found $94.32. He wasted no time and went down to the shop to pick up the bicycle he wanted. He rode home proudly, looking forward to showing his new bicycle to his friends. It had been hard working for the money, but James knew that he valued   his bicycle far more because he had bought it with his own money. He had achieved what he thought was impossible, and that was worth even more than the bicycle. \n Answer: Because they didn't have extra money.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't James ask his parents for help?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df80e4ca16264d309ad534a3cc1945b6",
            "input": "Article: Show Biz Summer 2014 Location: Rosewood Center for Family arts  Important Information:  * Tuition paid on the first day of class. No tuition refunds  . * DCT reserves the right to cancel any class; refunds made for cancelation .  * Please accompany student to the first day of class. * Registration begins one-half hour before class time. How To Register:  * Mail : fill out the form in this brochure. * Be sure to list the class and group that you want & the dates. Drama Days! --$ 175               Entering Grades :  Group A : lst -- 2nd      Group B : 3rd -- 5th .               Time: June 2--June 6                * create the situations and scenes                * SHOWTLME-invite family and friends to your Friday Showcase !               * Bring a sack lunch and drink each day! Laugh Out Loud --$ 175               Entering Grade : 5 th Time: June 23--June 27                  * Tell a joke! Learn why old jokes can be the best!               * Work with your class to put on a Comedy Show for family and friends! Acting --Just Acting--$225 Entering Grades : Group A: lst --2nd          Group B: 3rd -- 4th  Time: August 4 -- August 8               * Start with the characters: Who are you ? Be the Star of your Dreams.               * Work with your class to create the plot. Summer Scenes --$ 225  Entering Grades: 5th -- 6th  Time: August 11-- August 15               * Do you want to be an actor?               * Improve your skills with instruction from professional actors & directors. \n Answer: Summer Scenes",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following classes suits those who want to be actors ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1763be47e6c848f6bd0dd568460918b7",
            "input": "Article: I didn't realize how short I was until I started school. There, a few kids picked on me, calling me names. Then I knew. After that, I began to hate the first day of school each year. I didn't know who was new and would stare at me as I struggled to climb the school bus stairs. Some of the kids would point and say, \"Look at that kid. Look at her.\" As time went on, I just tried to smile and accept the fact that I was going to be noticed my whole life. I was determined to make my uniqueness an advantage rather than a disadvantage. My friends became increasingly protective. They'd help me up the bus steps. If people were cruel, they would take them aside and correct them. What I lacked in height, I made up for in personality----my ability to laugh, even at myself. For example, one time I was reaching into the washing machine at my parents' house to grab the wet clothes. I fell all the way in and yell for Mother, who was sitting nearby reading the paper. Watching feet flying everywhere, she laughed quietly and said, \"I should leave you in there.\" I laughed with her. I'm 47 now, and _ as I've grown older. People ask my friends if I live in a dollhouse. They look in disbelief when they see me get out of my car on the driver's side. During those times, I try to keep a good attitude. When people are rude, I remind myself, \"Look what else I have----a great family, nice friends...\" \n Answer: Quite optimistic.",
            "output": [
                "How is the author feeling now about her situation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fdbe6f0dc99d4c048697c2772797b8e4",
            "input": "Article: Every culture has a recognized point when a child becomes an adult, when rules must be followed and tests passed. In China, although teenagers can get their ID cards at 16, many only see themselves as an adult when they are 18. In the US, where everyone drives, the main step to the freedom of adult life is learning to drive. At 16, American teens take their driving test. When they have their license, they drive into the grown-up world. \"Nobody wants to ride the cheese bus to school,\" said Eleanor Fulham, 17. She brought the pressure back to memory, especially from kids from wealthier families. \"It's like you're not cool if you don't have a car,\" she said. According to recent research, 41% of 16 to 19-year-olds in the US own cars, up from 23% in 1985. Although, most of these cars are bought by parents, some teens get part-time jobs to help pay. Not all families can afford cars for their children. In cities with subways and limited parking, some teenagers don't want them. But in rich suburban areas without subways, and where bicycles are more for fun than transportation, it is strange for a teenager not to have a car. But police say 16-year-olds have almost three times more accidents than 18 and 19-year-olds. This has made many parents pause before letting their kids drive. Julie Sussman, of Virginia, decided that her son Chad, 15, will wait until he is 17 to apply for his learner's permit. Chad said he has accepted his parents' decision, although it has caused some teasing from his friends. \"They say that I am unlucky,\" he said, \"But I'd rather be alive than driving, and I don't really trust my friends on the road, either.\" In China, as more families get cars, more 18-year-olds learn to drive. Will this become a big step to becoming an adult? \n Answer: Driving into the Grown-Up World",
            "output": [
                "Which may serve as the BEST title of the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ea20810595bd49f79e703d3b28320d81",
            "input": "Article: I was doing my last-minute Christmas shopping in a toy store, looking at fashion dolls. A nicely-dressed little girl with her father was excitedly looking through the same dolls as well. As she was looking, a boy wandered in and sorted through some of the video games. He was dressed neatly, but in clothes that were obviously rather worn. He, too, had money in his hand, but it seemed to be no more than five dollars or so at the most. He was with his father as well, but each time he picked one of the video games and looked at his father, his father shook his head.    The little girl had apparently   chosen her doll, a beautifully-dressed glamorous creation that would have been the envy of every little girl on the block. However, she stopped to watch the little boy and his father. Then, the little girl put her carefully-chosen doll back on the shelf, and ran over to the video games. She excitedly picked up one that was lying on top of the other toys and raced towards the reception desk after speaking with her father. I picked up my purchases and waited in line behind them. Then, much to the little girl's obvious delight, the little boy and his father stood behind me. After the video game was paid for and bagged, the little girl handed it back to the cashier and whispered  _ in her ear. The cashier smiled and put the package under the counter. I paid for my purchases and was rearranging things in my purse when the little boy came up to the cashier.    The cashier rang up his purchases and then said, \"Congratulations, you have been selected to win a prize!\" With that, she handed the little boy the video game, and he could only stare in disbelief. It was, he said, exactly what he had wanted!   The little girl and her father were standing at the door-way during all of this, and I saw the biggest, prettiest smile on that little girl's face that I have ever seen in my life. \n Answer: The little boy was too surprised to believe what had happened in the end.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0195cc12b4d0442289185dca414f32c7",
            "input": "Article: October 21 was a very dark day in Texas.Not only did Hurricane Hanna destroy homes,it caused the largest business damage in Texas's history.The worst thing is Hanna's destructive force nearly wiped out most power poles and power lines.According to Center Point Energy,Hurricane Hanna affected 2.15 million customers.Currently, more than 4,000 of them are still in the dark.Crews have worked 16-hour shifts to restore power to residents. Most of Houston seems to be returning to normal.Schools,restaurants,retail stores and gas stations are open.Smiles are back.But harder-hit places,including Galveston,will take much longer to recover. Hundreds of people are still missing,and coastal towns are a mess.Some ruins from storm have drifted south to other beaches in Texas.Several public schools in Galveston are closed due to water damage.Parents are registering kids in other area schools which are scheduled to begin class on November 13.Many school supplies were destroyed. Clara Barton Village is an emergency shelter located at Alamo Elementary School in Galveston,Texas.This is where Paula Reed and her family are staying.Believe it or not,Paula Reed and her family consider this hurricane a blessing.When Paula was a girl,she was an orphan,but was taken in by her stepmom,Antonia Flores.Reed lost contact with Flores and had been trying desperately to locate her for the past few years.Before the hurricane,Reed and her family moved away from Galveston to a San Antonio shelter.There,she reunited with Flores after 30 long years! The moment they saw each other, their lives were changed. \n Answer: Factories are closed and many people jobless.",
            "output": [
                "What's the most serious damage caused by Hurricane Hanna?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-974a32c6b7784cc2a5122fdc728786c6",
            "input": "Article: Jeremy Kerr, a researcher at the University of Ottawa in Canada, and his colleagues analyzed more than 400,000 observations of bumblebee species collected in North America and Europe from 1975 to 2010. When the researchers recorded the locations of these bee populations, they found that many of the 67 species analyzed were moving northward from their southern limits while the northern edges of the bees' ranges are staying in place. What it results in is obvious. Bees have been paid more attention to in recent years, with populations of honeybees and bumblebees obviously declining in some parts of Europe. Previously, attention on the decline of bee populations has focused on causes including habitat loss, pesticide use and the spread of bee parasites . But the work by Kerr's team found something different. \"For every species, there is one or two species declining and others that are not moving at all,\" says Kerr. This shift has also been observed in other species, such as butterflies. But due to a new cause -- the rise of temperatures instead of total pesticide use, a change in land use or parasites, bumblebees -- unlike butterflies -- have failed to extend the northern boundaries of their ranges into the territory that is now habitable for them, so bumblebee species across Europe and North America are declining rapidly, the latest study led by Kerr's team finds. \"Our data suggest that the new factor plays a leading, or perhaps the leading, role in this trend,\" says Kerr. \"This study shows that a fourth factor is also beginning to affect it. It is likely that the combined stresses from all of these pressures will have destructive impacts on bumblebees in the not-too-distant future,\" says Dave Goulson, a bee researcher at the University of Sussex, Brighton, UK. Exactly what can be done to help bumblebees is not clear. Kerr's team suggests that relocating colonies might be an answer but Goulson says that because the insects are mobile they are capable of moving northwards if there is suitable habitat available. \n Answer: The reduction of the bees' habitat.",
            "output": [
                "What does the move of the bees' southern limits lead to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-63b6e6e626fb4160b6e3d0868908914a",
            "input": "Article: There are some strange driving laws in different countries. Vietnam:  If you're in Vietnam without a Vietnamese driver's license, you risk a prison sentence of up to 3years. Russia:  In Moscow, if your car is dirty enough to draw dust art, you will be fined about 2,000 rubles. Worse yet, it's not legal to wash your car by hand in public places--forcing you to take it to one of the few car wash facilities. Thailand:  Drivers--males or females--can't drive shirtless, whether it's a car, a bus or a tuk-tuk. France:  France requires its drivers to carry a potable breathalyzer  all the time when driving a car. The one-time breathalyzer cost around US $ 5, and if you don't have one, you will be fined US $ 15. Cyprus: Raising your hands in the car can get you fined of US $ 35. The law states a driver can be fined if the person is not in a regular position inside the car or raises his hands from the steering wheel unnecessarily. Japan:  Politeness isn't just the culture in Japan; it's part of driving laws. Splashing a person by driving through a puddle  with your car will cost you over US $ 60. The country is also strict with its DUI  laws---riding with or lending your car to a driver who gets caught drinking can lead to a fine costing thousands of dollars. \n Answer: The car wash facilities.",
            "output": [
                "Where should you go to wash your car when you are in Moscow?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-189db15d88b648dbaa2c027b3bea6900",
            "input": "Article: My cat Toto is aging,and as she ages,her body is failing her.Mentally,she seems sharp,but after nearly sixteen years,Toto's hips are causing her obvious trouble.In fact,they make it so that she can't use a litter box effectively.She tries to squat ,but mostly she just pisses out the back end of the box. I spent the summer working with my vet to find things to help Toto,but nothing works.Since we can't stand the smell of cat urine in the house,two weeks ago I took drastic measures.I _ Toto outside.(She gets to come in while I work,but I put her out for 80%of the day and night.) Because Toto now lives outside,she eats and drinks outside.I' ve set up a heating pad on the porch.and given her own food and water area nearby.She seems perfectly content with this arrangement except when she's out of food,or she wants to be petted. Strangely enough,she's been out of food a lot lately.\"I think another cat is eating Toto's food.\"I told Kris when I first noticed how quickly she was going through her bowl. \"Actually,\"I said a couple of days later,\"maybe it's a dog.Whoever is eating Toto's food keeps knocking the bowl over.\" But a few days after that,I realized that the food thief probably wasn't even a dog.Whatever the critter was,it was messy.  Every morning,Toto's water dish was filled with mud.The food bowl was tipped over and the porch scattered with mud and debris .\"I' ll bet it's a coon ,\"I told Kris.Though we live in a residential neighborhood not far from Portland,we' ve seen plenty of raccoons in the six years since we moved in. Today I got to see the cat-food thievery first-hand.Turns out it's not one raccoon-it's a family of four.I was lucky enough to have my camera handy as they performed their daring raid:My favorite part of this video is how Toto simply sits on her heating pad and watches the raccoons eat her food.She isn't bothered at all. \n Answer: She stays outside all the while recently.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about Toto is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-940c6e5f3099425d96fb2f4c97837158",
            "input": "Article: Searching for airfares   often seems like a game that passengers are bound to lose. Prices change from day to day, even minute to minute. Looking through multiple websites for the best deal can be a big challenge. Even when you do book, there's no guarantee that you are going to get the best price. \"You just don't know when to _ . It's not like buying anything else I can think of,\" said George Hobica, founder of Airfarewatchdog.com. Harriet Levy paid $179 for a recent round-trip flight on American Airlines between New York and Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Sitting just one row behind her, Shirley Harrison paid $215. A few rows back, Ellis and Dianne Traub paid $317 each. There were at least 12 fares on the flight, ranging from $169 to $360. There's no reason for it, Harrison said. Fares can fluctuate significantly in just a few hours. One Delta flight from New York to Los Angeles jumped from $755 to $1,143 from a Friday to Saturday in late April, then fell to $718 on Sunday. The flight was one of a dozen the Associated Press followed over three months for a vacation between July 16 and 22. The number one finding: avoid booking tickets on weekends. It's the most expensive time to buy. There's no way to guarantee the best fare. But before booking, travelers should pay attention to this additional advice: * Book on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. That's when airlines most often offer sales. * Buy in advance, but not too early. The best time is four to six weeks before traveling. In general, prices for any given flight are highest eight to 10 weeks and two to three weeks in advance. * Make use of social media. Airlines are giving more benefits like exclusive   sales to travelers who interact   with them on Twitter and Facebook. Those specials are often gone within hours. * The so-called discount   airlines - JetBlue, Air-Tran, Southwest and Frontier - adjust their fares less frequently than other airlines, so you can feel more confident that the price will stay the same. But their prices aren't always the lowest. Researching multiple airlines' fares is the only way to get a good deal. \n Answer: It's difficult for passengers to get the best price.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from the first sentence of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c41781717ec148ae86c3ea6237540185",
            "input": "Article: Two young artists named Sue and Joanna shared a studio apartment in the Greenwich Village area of New York, trying to realize their dreams. In November pneumonia  killed many people. Unluckily, Joanna fell ill, too. One morning, a doctor examined Joanna and then spoke with Sue in another room. \"She has decided that she has no chance. All we can do is give her a strong will to live.\" Holding back her tears, Sue went to Joanna's room. Joanna lay with her face toward the window, eyes wide open. She was counting something backward. \"Twelve,\" she said, and a little later \"eleven\" until \"five,\" almost together. Sue looked out of the window. What was there to count? There was a wall covered with an old ivy vine growing half way up it. The cold breath of autumn has stricken the leaves from the vine until it was almost bare. \"Five what, dear?\" asked Sue. \"Leaves. On the ivy vine. When the last one falls I must go, too.\" \"Oh, Don't be silly.\" Said Sue, \"You will get better.\" \"There goes another one. I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark.\" \"Try to sleep.\" said Sue. \"I must call Mr. Behrman up to be my model for my drawing of an old miner. Don't try to move until I come back.\" Old Behrman was a poor painter who lived in the building. For years he had always been planning to paint a work of art, but had never yet begun it. He earned a little money by serving as a model to artists who could not pay for a professional  model.  Sue found Behrman in his room. In one area was a blank canvas that had been waiting twenty-five years for the first line of paint. Sue told him about Joanna and how she feared that her friend would float away like a leaf.  \"What!\" Old Behrman was angered at such an idea. \"How silly! Just take me to her room.\" Joanna was sleeping when they went in. A cold rain was falling, mixed with snow. The next morning, Sue awoke after an hour's sleep. She found Joanna staring at the covered window. \"Pull up the shade; I want to see.\" Sue obeyed.  \"It's the last leaf,\" said Joanna. \"It will fall today, and I will go with it.\"  When night came, the rain began to fall again with a strong wind.  The next morning, Joanna demanded that the window shade be raised. The ivy leaf was still there. Joanna lay for a long time, looking at it. And then she called Sue, \"I have been a bad girl. I'm so wrong. Now I want to get well and paint again.\" The doctor came to see Joanna in the afternoon. He told Sue \"Joanna is improving. Now I must see Behrman. Pneumonia, too, very ill. Little hope for him.\" Later that day, Sue came to Joanna, and put one arm around her.  \"Mr. Behrman died of pneumonia in the hospital today. He was sick only two days. When someone went into his room, Behrman was lying there with his shoes on. His shoes and clothes were all wet. Nobody knew why.\" \"Oh, poor Behrman!\" Cried Joanna. \"See the last leaf on the wall,\" said Sue, \" It looks like a real leaf, doesn't it? \" \"A real leaf ? \" \"Ah, darling, it is Behrman's masterpiece  -- he painted it there the night when the last leaf fell.\" \n Answer: Poor but noble.",
            "output": [
                "Which words can best describe Old Behrman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76ef2e1047d2464cbcedc17fb4febfde",
            "input": "Article: A castle is a type of fortified structure built in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages. This is different from a palace, which is no fortified-though there are many similarities among these types of construction. Usage of the term has varied over time and has been applied to diverse structures. The European castles originated in the 9thand 10thcenturies, resulting in its land divided among nobles. These nobles built castles to control the area surrounding them, and they were both offensive and defensive structures. Although army uses are often emphasized in castle studies, the structures also served as centres of administration and symbols of power. Urban castles were used to control the local people and important travel routes, and rural castles were often built near farmland. Many castles were originally built from earth and wood, but had their defences _ later by stone. In the late 12thand early 13thcenturies, scientific approaches to castle defence appeared, and could function to maximize the castle's firepower. These changes in defence came from a mixture of castle technology. Although gunpowder was introduced to be built well into the 16thcentury, improved cannon fire made them uncomfortable places to live in. As a result, true castles went into decline. From the 18thcentury onwards, there was a renewed interest in castles with the construction of mock castles, part of a romantic revival of Gothic architecture, but they had no defensive purpose. \n Answer: Castles have a history of more than 1,000 years in Europe.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the river?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4bc10ec5ee5744dead1bcfc190ba95b2",
            "input": "Article: Late that afternoon I took the train back to Sydney. There I found another surprise waiting for me. My room at the hotel had been given to somebody else and they had no room for me. Harkin had known my travel plans and had planned everything. How could he have booked the room only for three days? There was nothing to be done but to find another hotel. The waiters were happy to find me a new hotel, and when I said that I was happy to stay at the airport, thinking it might be cheaper than staying in the city, they suggested the Holiday Inn at the airport. There was one small matter: the room rate was 300$ per night. The best hotel in Katoomba had wanted only 145$. I asked if there was anything cheaper they might suggest but they warned that most hotels would already be full by this time. The hotel was far from the train station, so I had to take a taxi, as 25$. On the way to the Holiday Inn, we passed a hotel just two blocks from the Holiday Inn that advertised a room rate of 104$. At the desk I asked if their room rate could go down a lot. \"No, this is a 4star hotel,\" the waiter told me. \"In that case,\" I replied, \"I'll just walk the two blocks to the cheap hotel.\" But she warned me that they were probably full and that if I didn't take the room, it might not be available when I came back. Finally, I decided to take the room. The room itself was big, but the air conditioning couldn't keep up with the Australian heat. I couldn't get to sleep until about 1:00 am. \n Answer: Harkin made a mistake.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer have to look for another hotel?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1bdc3c4abc55409d9606886ea47d6335",
            "input": "Article: You might think I'd have little in common with a camel, but we do share one useful skill: both of us can go for a very long time without water. Usually I start my day with a cup of tea, and then I might have a glass of water with my lunch and one with dinner, that's about a liter of liquid in 24 hours. It feels like plenty, but apparently it's not nearly enough. After years of suffering headaches and poor digestion I spoke to a neurologist about my regular headaches and a nutritionist about my poor digestion, and both told me I should be drinking up to three liters of liquid a day for my body to function at its best. I decided to conduct an experiment. What would happen if I drank the recommended amount every day for a month? The photograph of me taken the day I started this trial demonstrates perfectly and rather frighteningly what a lack of hydration does to a face. I am 42, but have to admit I look more like 52 in this picture, which is shocking. There are dark shadows under and around my eyes, which make me look exhausted, a profusion of wrinkles and strange reddish blotches, and my skin lacks any luster . It looks dead. Even my lips look shriveled . This is all classic evidence of poor hydration, apparently. Every system and function in our body depends on water. It flushes toxins from the vital organs, carries nutrients to cells, provides a moist environment for ear, nose and throat tissues, and eliminates waste. Not drinking enough means all these functions becomes damaged. So I decided to see how I would look and feel if I drank three liters of water every day for 28 days. The results were astonishing. \n Answer: Because she wanted to be cured of her stomachache.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author decide to drink the recommended amount of water?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1b5be3221bd14a82808b822ba4f340e0",
            "input": "Article: Dr. Martinez put on a false smile   as she entered Janet Eslin's hospital room. She couldn't let Janet see that she was worried. Yet she had been searching for the cause of Janet's illness and hadn't found a clue . \"How are you feeling today?\" Dr. Martinez asked her patient. Janet replied that she felt about the same----terribly uncomfortable. The doctor tried to get Janet's mind off her health by talking about Janet's vacation at Lake Winnow. But Dr. Martinez couldn't keep her own mind on the conversation. She kept wondering what could be wrong with her patient. Suddenly Janet's words interrupted Dr. Martinez's thoughts: \"... the vacation was really perfect, except for the food. The last meal I ate was especially terrible.\" Dr. Martinez quickly snapped back into the conversation, \"Janet, when did you eat that meal?\" Janet said that it had been the day before yesterday. \"I think we've discovered your problem,\" Dr. Martinez said as she left. Several hours later, Dr. Martinez was back with the answer. \"Janet, the food you ate made you ill. You're suffering from food poisoning. Now that we know what's wrong, we can take care of your problem.\" \n Answer: bad food",
            "output": [
                "What made Janet sick?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8dba5de7ba6f4c82a719928fd25fd2da",
            "input": "Article: Nearly all of today's Native Americans in North, Central and South America can trace their ancestry to just six women whose descendants immigrated around 20,000 years ago, a DNA study suggests.          The finding does not mean that only these six women gave rise to migrants who crossed into North America from Asia in the earliest population of the continent.Rather, it suggests that only six left a particular DNA legacy that persists to today in about 95% of Native Americans, said study co-author Ugo Perego in Utah.          \"The women did not necessarily arrive together, nor even all live at the same time,\" he said.Results indicate the women arrived sometime between 18,000 and 21,000 years ago.          The work was published this week by the journal PLoS One.Perego is from the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation in Salt Lake City and the University of Pavia in Italy.The work confirms the previous indications of just six maternal lineages, as well as a date of around 20,000 years ago when the first people in North America arrived after crossing a land bridge from Asia, Perego said.          The researchers studied mitochondrial   DNA, which is passed only from mother to daughter.They created a \"family tree\" that traces the different DNA  _ found in today's Native Americans.By noting mutations in each branch and applying a formula for how often such mutations arise, they calculated how old each branch was.That indicated when each branch arose in a single woman.          The six \"founding mothers\" obviously did not live in Asia because the DNA signatures they left behind are not found there, Perego said.So they probably lived in Beringia, the now-submerged land bridge that stretched to North America, he said. \n Answer: A study indicates Native Americans can trace their ancestry to just six women.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4b22833a911a45ce888de9c38d16ff65",
            "input": "Article: HARBIN - A wild Siberian tiger was spotted on a forestry farm in northeast China's Heilongjiang Province on Sunday, forestry officials said Tuesday. The tiger, believed to have been hunting for a wild boar at the time, came face to face with several workers late in the afternoon on a forestry farm administered by the Dongfanghong Forestry Bureau (DFB) in the eastern part of the province, said an official with the provincial Forestry Industry Bureau. The farm is located on the scarcely populated Wandashan Mountain, where wild Siberian tigers have been spotted many times, but it was the first time for such an animal to come so close to human beings. \"We had just finished work in the forest when the tiger appeared.\" said Shi Chun, one of the workers who saw the tiger. Upon seeing the animal, the workers rushed to their tractor to avoid possible attacks. The tiger followed the tractor for several hundred meters before going away. The tiger remained mild throughout the encounter, and the workers even managed to snap a few photos of it. The pictures, though blurry due to the darkened sky, show a Siberian tiger with white hair in its face. Local authorities on Monday checked the site where the big cat was spotted and found plum-shaped paw prints, which they believe belong to a grown wild Siberian tiger. Yang Lijuan, a wild animal protection official with the DFB, said the forestry farm is a good site for wild animal reproduction. \"The farm is in a zone where coniferous and broad-leaved trees grow, which provides much food for the tigers' prey, such as a boar and deer.\" she said. Siberian tigers, otherwise known as Amur or Manchurian tigers, mainly live in eastern Russia, northeast China and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. It is estimated that only about 500 currently live in the wild, with about twelve in Heilongjiang Province and eight to ten in neighboring Jilin Province. The DFB has stepped efforts to increase food for wild boar, roe deer and red deer in its forestry farms where Siberian tigers have been spotted to ensure enough prey for the endangered species. \n Answer: Russia",
            "output": [
                "Where can you find a wild Siberian tiger probably?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d88af5e7f35f4f44b0c67ec0b65bd26f",
            "input": "Article: Technology helps people do everything from planning to meet for a movie to keeping in touch with a friend who lives in a different country.     When planning to get together with friends, Julian said , \" If I want to go and see a movie with a few friends, I usually send them text messages. By telephone, you have to call every single friend one by one. But text messaging allows you to send the same message to as many people as you'd like, which saves a lot of time.\"    Email, IM, and other low-cost methods of communication also help people keep long-distance friendships in ways they couldn't have even a few years ago.     Mike told us, \"I had this friend when I was 8 or 9 , and then she moved away to the country. We promised to stay friends and to send letters, and at the start we did. Then the letters got fewer and fewer and we at last stopped writing to each other. I think if we had had email, we would still be in touch.\"    James found out about cost the hard way. He said, \" I called my friend in New Zealand, which is halfway around the world, and it cost me over $200! So now I just stay up late to see if I can catch him on MSN or I write an email.\"     Email, IM, and other low-cost ways of keeping in touch also allow people to develop brief acquaintances  into long- lasting friendships. Andrea told us, \" I met this really cool girl. We've been in touch over half a year and it's nice to talk to her.\" \n Answer: By giving them a phone call.",
            "output": [
                "How does Julian usually get in touch with a group of friends?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-910f45c9d41d4f9e999da3584834ed83",
            "input": "Article: Homework will not be a concern for pupils attending a pioneering new secondary school in Norfolk. Instead, the 1,100 children will stay longer at school, doing extra study at school as part of the extended school day, which could last until about 5 pm. Rather than setting homework that pupils could struggle with at home, where there may be limited access to computers, they will do that as independent study in the day. When they go home they should enjoy quality family time. That has been really well received by parents who respect the fact that family time will be family time. But the school would still expect youngsters to study at home ahead of important exams. Independent learning at school would ensure equality because kids who get help with homework from parents might rely on others too much. Peter Devonish , a teacher at the school, said, \"Having the children at school a bit longer to strengthen their learning is a really good idea, because they can have their time with the family.\" But he warned. \"A disadvantage is that our school is in the countryside, which means it's not so perfect to get children home at that time.\" Mr. Devonish said they also set pupils project-based homework, such as looking at an energy-efficient house, which allowed them to combine independent study with working with their parents. Craig Morrison, another teacher, said, \"A large problem with homework has been that not enough is done with it. With homework, a lot of effort can go into it, so it's about celebrating what children do rather than processing it in terms of marking it and handing it back.\" \n Answer: They will study all by themselves.",
            "output": [
                "How will students spend their longer days at school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f7b3c6fb8d16472daa6a1dd857aa9cf5",
            "input": "Article: Milan, the second largest city of Italy, has won an undesirable world record. Of the 54 big cities studied by the World Health Organization and the United Nations, Milan is considered to have the worst air pollution. According to these two10-year studies, the level of air pollution in Milan is twice as high as the levels in Paris and Beijing and three times those in Tokyo and London, and four times that in New York. The reason for Milan's bad pollution, to some experts, is that the city lies in a valley that holds back the poisonous gases. Though Milan has taken some measures to lower the level of pollution, the situation is still worrying. People joke to each other, \"If you are traveling to Milan, be sure to bring your gas mask.\" In order to reduce the use of private cars, in 1979, the government in Milan began an interesting experiment: passengers in the city buses did not have to pay for their tickets. \n Answer: Milan's air is considered to be worst polluted in Europe.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-611194ba945c4ec88c622c41771520a8",
            "input": "Article: The ancient city is in Pingyao county, Shanxi Province. The city wall was first built during the Zhou Dynasty. Since 1997, it has been listed as a World Heritage Site. Now Pingyao city is the only one in China completely protected as it was hundreds of years ago. The perimeter  of this square city is 6.4km long and the city wall is the earliest and largest city wall in China. It is 12 m high with width of 5 m. The wall was built with earth and covered with bricks. Outside the city wall there is a river, 4 m wide and 4 m deep. There are several gates of the city, two each on the east and west and one each on the south and north side. All the gates have two doors each. This has given the city the name \"Turtle City\" with the two gates on the south and north standing for the head and tail of the turtle and four gates on the east and west as the four legs. The doors on the south and north stand opposite each other, like the head of the turtle extending out and two wells just beyond southern gate are like a turtle's two eyes. Located on the trade route between Beijing and Xi'an, Pingyao developed into a merchant center where the local people set up the nation's earliest banks. These banks were the first in China to use checks. Several old courtyards have been turned into museums, most of which were homes and offices of Pingyao's old banks. One of the most unusual aspects of a visit here is realizing that this place was very important to China's financial  history. \n Answer: The ancient city--Pingyao.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ca22256b049548ab9382d9d6e99c9ba4",
            "input": "Article: One of the best things you can do for your health is to drop a few pounds. Or maybe morethan a few pounds.  Being overweight increases your danger of heart disease, high blood pressure, cancer,,the list seems almost endless. You'd better find several simple things you can do on a daily basis  such as making rules of eating more vegetables and less fat and getting more physical activities.  After breakfast, make water your primary drink. At breakfast, go ahead and drink orange juice. But throughout the rest of the day, focus on water instead of juice or soda. The average American consumes  an extra 245 calories a day from soft drinks. That's nearly 90,000 calories a year -- or 25 pounds! And research shows that neither the calories nor sugary drinks give you a sense of fullness the way that food does.  People take only 2,000 to 3, 000 steps a day. Adding 2,000 steps will help you keep your present weight and stop gaining weight. Adding more than that will help you lose weight.  Eat five or six small meals or snacks a day instead of three large meals. A 1999 South African study found that when men ate parts of their morning meal at intervals over five hours, they consumed almost 20 percent fewer calories at lunch than when they ate a single breakfast. \n Answer: An English dictionary.",
            "output": [
                "Where is the passage probably taken from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8a2f361912a14d63b7fb254c775ec48f",
            "input": "Article: New evidence shows that getting enough Vitamin D may be the most important thing you can do for your health. You know the usual prescription for good health: a balanced diet with lots of fruits and vegetables, regular exercise, no smoking.Now add this: Spend a little more time in the sun. Huh? That may sound like medical  .After all, we've been warned for decades about the dangers of the sun: wrinkles, age spots and the increasing threat of skin cancer.But new and impressive medical evidence suggests that sunlight is beneficial.The vitamin D it our bodies to make may prevent cancer, protect against heart disease and ward off a long list of disorders such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and gum disease.It is even showing promise as a treatment for heart disease and some cancers. Long recognized as vitally important for bone building (it's needed for calcium absorption), vitamin D has now achieved superstar status among nutrients.While all doctors may not agree, many experts are confident enough of its wide-ranging powers to urge that we get much more of it, from the sun and from supplements, as even the best diet in the world may not give us enough. \n Answer: To do exercise now and then.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the usual way of keeping healthy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9d3b86b3cff474ab535af269e48e274",
            "input": "Article: A woman whose sports car was stolen with her dog in it put up notices all over the area that made it clear getting back her pet was more important than her car. \"Whoever did this can keep my car. Please let Benjerman come home,\" the notice said. It is not known whether the thief showed any pity, but almost 30 hours after the 1 pm theft Friday, Kimberly Atkins of Dover and Benjerman, a 12-year-old black retriever  , were reunited after police located them in Barrington. \"He's hungry, he's dirty, but he's very happy to be home,\" Atkins said. The car was found at about 5 pm Saturday off Route 125 in a swampy   area frequented by off-the-road cars and dirt bikes. However, the police couldn't control Benjerman, and they had to call Atkins to come and get him. Atkins said the thief cared for Benjerman a little by providing him with some dry cat food. She believed Benjerman ended up drinking some muddy water in the area. She said they have been together for nearly 11 years after she took him back from a society shelter in Dallas, Texas. Before Benjelman was found, Atkins and several friends put up notices all over the city and in Somersworth. They also contacted animal shelters,throughout southern New Hampshire and Massachusetts. The notice stated there was a reward, and also that the dog needed medication. Any caller could remain anonymous  . Atkins had parked the car outside a hardware store with the keys inside and gone in to rent a carpet cleaner. \"It was l0 minutes and I came out and my car was gone along with Benjerman in broad daylight,\" Atkins said. The car thief threw Atkins' wallet and other personal items out of the car before escaping from the scene. \n Answer: Woman wants dog back more than stolen car",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8be5c4e0c56941dab2728129afcc6a8d",
            "input": "Article: Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually lasts only a few minutes or a few hours.This kind of loneliness is not serious.In fact, it is quite normal.For some people, though, loneliness can last for years.Now researchers say there are three different kinds of loneliness. The first kind of loneliness is temporary.This is the most common type.It usually disappears quickly and does not need any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a certain situation, for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place.Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, _ usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe.Unlike the second type, chronic   loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause.People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and being close to others.Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition. Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, such as friends, family members, co-workers, etc.We depend on various people for different reasons.For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share interests and activities.However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more.They question then\" own popularity. Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease.While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal and healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad and sometimes dangerous condition. \n Answer: Just ignore it.",
            "output": [
                "How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e942ab2ebbc544f986571eacb30d58dc",
            "input": "Article: Before leaving work, Steve Lee likes to use his cell phone to turn on his heat and air condition system at home. So by the time he gets through traffic into his front door, the temperature inside is perfect. You may wonder what a so-called smart home can do inside.  Lee works for a company called Smarthome. com, testing and living with many of his company's home automation gadgets , like this multifunction touch screen that controls devices around the house and even connects to the Internet traffic cameras.  \"I have cameras, and they follow all the way down the freeway to work, \"said Lee with pride, \"What's going on at home when you are away? No problem, install some wireless cameras and controllers and from any computer in the world with an Internet connection, you can watch your house. \" \"You can check on the house, and I can look at the temperature. Believe it or not, if I want to turn on lights ahead of time, I can, \"added Lee.  We sat in Steve's California kitchen and with the right password, turned on the kitchen counter lights at his boss' house in Wisconsin. Steve did have permission to log on .  \"If you do know the password and you want to play a trick on your wife, you could turn lights on and off remotely. \" This new technology, which can automatically turn on water sprinklers when humidity is low, or turn off a pool pump when it is not in use, is no longer expensive.  Several hundred dollars for a basic system is enough and it is not hard to install.  Sure the convenience is nice but many people who like the security advantages like making sure kids are safe with the help of camera monitors and bedside alerts.  \"I can notice that maybe one of my children wakes up in the middle of the night once the light switch is turned on. \" What a smart home can't do is get you a snack and you have to leave the couch for that. \n Answer: Steve's boss trusted him very much.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-90774346d8d24eae89deb89a924ce8a3",
            "input": "Article: For pet owners, the hundreds of pet food recalls taking place each year has raised a lot of alarm. \"Most people are caring pet owners, and they want to do what helps protect their pet,\" explains Will Post, founder and CEO, Hound & Gatos Pet Foods Corporation. \"Yet the problem is that most are not sure what that means and how to go about it. The more they learn about pet food, the better able they will be to make an informed decision that will keep their pet healthier and safer.\" Here are several tips that consumers may want to keep in mind when it comes to choosing a pet food that will help reduce the risks. Get to know the company. Most people may know a company name simply because they spend millions on advertising. But that doesn't mean they know much about the company or their morals. Research companies to find one that offers high standards, quality products, and great customer service. Ask questions. Don't be afraid to get in touch with a pet food company and ask them where something was made, where ingredients  came from, or any other questions. They should have no problem answering questions about their products, or with being able to provide proof of their quality standards. Read reviews. Do some searches to read some reviews about various brands of pet food. Keep in mind that some reviews can be one-sided and even planted by the company itself, so look for fair third-party sources giving the review. Investigate  ingredients. The source of ingredients is of major concern when it comes to reducing the risks of pet food recalls and keeping pets healthy. Read the labels and ask questions to determine where the ingredients are coming from. Understand pet foods. Cat and dog food should contain 100 percent protein, which will supply them with the nutrients their bodies require. The problem with many commercial pet foods is that it is full of numerous fillers, such as cheap fillers and grains. \n Answer: By getting a better understanding about pet food.",
            "output": [
                "How can people provide a safer and healthier environment for their pet?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-617b6be7f4124b86972d7a3b7ca1c987",
            "input": "Article: A Book Review--The Snake-Stoneby Berlie Doherty The setting: Urban England (the cities), but also rural England (the countryside) including remote English villages. The theme: The main theme is a teenage search of self-discovery, in this case the search for a mother from whom the hero was separated at an early age. Its other concerns are love, getting on with others, being persistent and courageous and trying to deal with doubts, troubles and worries. As the book moves to a close, James' swimming coach says to him: \"You are not like a kid obeying instructions any more. You are diving like a young man who knows where he is going.\" The characters: James is the hero of the story. He is a championship diver, and has a comfortable life with his foster parents  . Yet he also has the qualities to take him on a long journey to find his birth mother. The other characters inThe Snake-Stone, James' parents, his diving instructor, best friend, the villagers, people he meets on his journey, are pictured realistically. The turning point: The turning point in the story comes while James' foster parents are away in London, and he wonders about the identity of his birth mother. The only clue he has is a fossil, \"the snake stone\" which she left behind along with a note on which she had written: \"Take good care of Sammie. It was written on a torn envelope with parts of an address still there. The journey: Instead of going to London, James decides to find his birth mother. With help from his geography teacher, James sets out for the remote country village where his mother might be found. James has painful, challenging, but also humorous and happy travels. The mother he finally meets, Anne, has a minor yet powerful voice in the novel. He comes to understand why she left him at a stranger's door fifteen years before. Although the meeting is not long, it leaves him with a feeling of completeness. As a journey of self-discoveryThe Snake-Stonealso provides its readers with a happy ending. Its hero says, on returning to his foster parents, \"I was home.\" \n Answer: A travel around the country.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main theme of the novel?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c90a34c85b2542fabbe187429153d558",
            "input": "Article: Here's the travel plan for some museums on our \"Museums of the World\" tour. The Museum of Bad Art (Boston, USA) shows what it describes as \"art too bad to be ignored\". The museum hopes to bring the worst of art to the widest possible audience and has even published a book of its most \"important\" works. As part of the visit, we'll be shown some truly awful portraits, landscapes and sculptures. The Washington Banana Museum (Auburn, Washington, USA) contains 4,000 objects related to the history of what the museum describes as \"the world's most perfect fruit\". We'll be given a guided tour around the museum, during which we'll learn all sorts of interesting things, such as the fact that bananas were introduced to the USA in 1878 in the same exhibition as Alexander Graham Bell's telephone, and that the banana is now the US' number-one selling fruit. The Hair Museum (Avanos, Turkey) is located in a cave in Cappadocia, in Central Anatolia. It contains 160,000 samples of people's hair. You'll be offered a chance to add your own hair to the collection. Later in the year, the museum curator selects 10 donors to attend a pottery workshop. If you're one of them, you'll be invited to stay in his guest house. The museum du Slip (Brussels, Belgium) is devoted to underwear. The idea behind the museum is that everyone is equal in their underwear. You'll be fascinated to know that it has collected samples from all sorts of people, including artists, politicians and pop stars. The Museum de Carrosses Funebres (Barcelona, Spain) is a museum of funeral hearses  . It takes a look at how local people have been transported to their funerals since the 19th century. During the tour, we'll be provided with a fascinating insight into how the people of Barcelona viewed death. Among the 1,000 or so exhibits, pride of place goes to a \"flap-coffin\", which is a reusable coffin from the 18th century. \n Answer: It provides the customs of funerals about local people.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about the Washington Banana Museum?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b37c2c5200a490a8117e942ea22a5c5",
            "input": "Article: One of the worst feelings you have as a professional athlete is the feeling after losing a game to a team that you should have beaten. That happened last night against the lowly Boston Celtics. They had only won 13 games the whole year and were really struggling. We had just come off a very good win against the Orlando Magic on the road and were feeling good about ourselves. The day did not start out good for us when we learned that T-Mac was going to miss the game with the flu. When you lose your best players (Yao, T-Mac) everyone must play a little harder and do a little bit more on the floor. We inserted Bonzi Wells into the lineup (he was the only one to have a good game for us), in place of T-Mac. It was a nasty game. We are usually one of the best three point shooting teams in the NBA and we only made 1 of 22 three point shots! I have never seen that happen. Never! Rafer Alston, Luther Head, and me combined to shoot 5 of 33 from the field. Ouch! You aren't going to win too many games like that. Even as poorly as we shot the ball, we STILL had a chance to win the game in the fourth quarter but failed to make the winning plays that you must make to leave the floor victorious. In the locker room after the game, everybody felt terrible. When we play a bad game, we feel that we let our teammates down. There is a bad feeling in the pit of your stomach when you leave the gym and you just want to go home and not talk to anyone. It is a terrible feeling, but it is a feeling that makes you want to try harder and do better the next time. I'll talk to you guys later. Shane \n Answer: To tell the readers about the feeling after losing the game",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc1f7bfcdf5e40cf805099d12b6de9e7",
            "input": "Article: I am in my father's house in Connecticut, sitting at a crowded table with my brother, my two sisiters and all our partners, talking about a tree. \"He doesn't want it cut down.\" My sister says when my father has gone to bed and none of us speaks of the tree in his presence. \"He says he usef to climb it when he was a boy.\" When I was last here, a year and a half ago, for my father's 90th birthday, Hurricane Irene drove seawater into the roads. The large tree that hangs over the houses swayed  alarmingly, but it stayed up. Last October, Hurricane Sandy acused a great deal of damage. Six months on, many of the surrounding houses are on sale, but the tree that hangs over the house still stands. \"That tree,\" my brother says, \"has survived the two worst storms of the last 100 years.\" Though my brother thinks highly of the amazing staying power of the tree, my sister says that the tree should never have been planted: it stops light from reaching the house. My other sister's partner says that all trees fall down eventually. There is plenty of evidence for what he says: throughout the neighborhood, the ramains of similarly sized trees lie on their sides, with their roots in the air. During this discussion, I offer to pay a quarter of whatever is required to remove the tree. \"A guy I talked to,\" my brother says, \"told me it could cost us$10,000.\" As night wears on, the discussion becomes increaslingly meaningless. There is no point in reaching any kind of agreement, since the decision is not for us to make. It's my father's tree, and he has refused to cut down the only thing in the neighborhood older than him. \n Answer: After supper",
            "output": [
                "When does the discussion take place?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-14980650528c44e6a866287727d43dcd",
            "input": "Article: Like a growing number of young women in Vietnam's northern part city of Haiphong, Pham Thi Hue was infected with HIV by her husband, one of the town's many drug users. But instead of being shamed into silence, as Vietnamese with HIV and AIDS are, the 25-year-old tailor and mother of one went public, appearing on television and at conferences. Her business suffered and her neighbors insulted  her, but Hue has now become the public face of Mothers and Wives, an HIV/ AIDS support group established in Haiphong by a Norwegian nongovernmental organization and her neighborhood's People's Committee. Last year, she founded a smaller group named after a local flower. People who need advice on treatment or help preparing bodies for burial can dial a hot line and get assistance from able and sympathetic HIV victims. \"We gather to support each other,\" Hue says. \"When we are sick, what we need most is encouragement and comfort from people who understand our situation and are willing to share our happiness, as well as our sadness.\" On a hot and damp night last month, Hue welcomed into her small home a very thin woman, also a tailor, who was HIV positive. The woman tearfully told Hue that she had not told anyone about her condition, fearing that she would lose customers and that her daughter would be insulted at school. Hue became the wise elder, offering medical and personal advice. \n Answer: She went public and gave help to others.",
            "output": [
                "What did Pham Thi Hue do after she was infected with HIV?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8219e5abf9647e6a94f52b0819a723c",
            "input": "Article: The practice of magic includes special words, actions, and objects. Most magic involves a person called a magician, who claims to have supernatural powers. Magic words. To work most magic, the magician sings or speaks special words in a certain order. These words are called incantations or spells. Some spells form prayers to demons , spirits, or other supernatural forces. Many societies believe the magic will not work unless the magician recites the spells perfectly. Other magic words have no meaning, though they supposedly possess power when spoken by a magician. Magic actions accompany the words spoken in performing much magic. Many of these movements act out the desired effect of the magic. For example, a magician trying to make rain fall may sprinkle  water on the ground. The magician's combined words and actions form a ceremony. Magic objects include certain plants, stones, and other things with supposed supernatural powers. Any such object may be called a fetish . But this term often refers to an object--for example, a carving or a dried snake--honored by a tribe for its magic powers. Many tribes believe fetishes have magic power because spirits live in these objects. Many people carry magic objects called amulets to protect themselves from harm. Many amulets are stones or rings engraved  with magic symbols. The magician, in some societies, nearly everyone knows how to work some magic. In other societies, only experts practice magic. Magicians may be called medicine men, medicine women, shamans, sorcerers, or witch doctors. In many societies, magicians must inherit  their powers. In others, any person may become a magician by studying the magical arts. Many societies believe magicians must observe certain rules and taboos (forbidden actions) for their spells to work. For example, they may be required not to eat various foods or to avoid sexual activity for a certain period before the ceremony. \n Answer: They have power if magician recites the right spells.",
            "output": [
                "What do magic words mean to people in some society?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6cd0549cac33413088fe233a68ed6dea",
            "input": "Article: When she graduates from Columbia University next year with a master's degree in Public health, Eric Wheeler is hoping to get a job in international reproductive  health. The 26-year-old post-graduate has always wanted to work in public service. But public service doesn't pay much, and her two-year program at Columbia costs about $50,000 a year with living expenses. She has a scholarship from Columbia that covers just $4,000 a year and has taken out loans to pay for the rest. She worries that she will spend years paying back her student loans and not have money left over to put away in an IRA. Wheeler is wondering what she can do to ease the pain of    being in debt. Is there anything she can do to handle the debt? The good news is that in 2007, Congress recognized that there were so many students in Wheeler's position that it passed the College Cost Reduction and Access Act. There were two programs established by this act that Wheeler should look into. The first is the income-based repayment plan, which allows lower-income graduates with a lot of debt to reduce their monthly payments. Depending on a graduate's income and level of debt, the program, which goes into effect July 1, could limit his or her annual educational loan debt repayment to 15 percent of discretionary income ,said Peter Mazareas, vice charman of the College Saving Foundation. The second is the public service loan forgiveness plan, in which the federal government will forgive the remaining debt of borrowers who make 10-year loan payment while working full time in public-service jobs. But the graduate must have a certain loan which is listed in the plan. Depending on the level of debt Wheeler ends up with and how much she repays over 10 years, Mazareas said she could end up with about $75,000 of her debt forgiven. \" Tipically, it is projected that a borrower who performs public service under this program will repay only about one-fourth to one-half as much money as a borrower who does not\", he said. He also pointed out that public service is broadly defined and includes any government and nonprofit organization job. \n Answer: $92,000",
            "output": [
                "How much debt will Erin Wheeler be probably in when she graduate?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3cf671794c524d429821dd2fbe59059b",
            "input": "Article: Dear Volunteers, The service you will provide to elderly individuals in Abilene as a Meals on Wheels volunteer is deeply appreciated. I want to take this opportunity to thank you for the many miles you will travel and all of the hours you will contribute to help make this one of the best programs in the entire state. We have our staff members make a home visit before adding each person to the program and try to visit everyone at least once every year. That is hardly enough, and we depend on your contact a great deal! It is important that you report back when you do not get an answer to your knock on the door. The person inside may be hurt or ill. They may be in hospital or out of town and fail to inform us. If they are frequently absent, we may need to determine if they still need meals. If you find someone with a medical emergency, please call 911 to request medical assistance, and then call the Meals on Wheels office. If you find someone who needs assistance other than for a medical emergency, please call the Meals on Wheels office at 6725050, and we will try to find the appropriate agency or individual to call. Let us know when a certain person needs extra food. We have a food preparation room of shelf stable items to share with them. Please feel free to take a few magazines when you deliver meals. Many of those we serve cannot afford magazines and enjoy reading. If someone is interested in getting books from the Abilene Public Library, let us know. We can sign them up for the Books on Wheels program. Call if you smell gas strongly when you deliver meals, or if someone needs a space heater, a blanket, or an electric fan. Please convey all needs to us, and we will try to see that they are met. Some of the elderly people who we offer our service may have cancers, liver diseases, AIDS, etc. If you do not want to deliver meals to the people with certain types of health problems, such as these, please let us know. Sincerely, Betty L. Bradley, LBSW, Executive Director \n Answer: To describe the life situation of the old people.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author write this letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af6a8881fdb34106b4d1bf54de6c4f71",
            "input": "Article: A recent report says we spend an average of two hours and 40 minutes each day looking at a smartphone. That doesn't mean making calls, but using apps and browsing the Web. Spend that amount of time staring at anything. Checked our email in a restaurant, shared a picture of the food when it arrived, or checked a fact during a conversation only to be drawn into reading more instead of contributing verbally.  It's no secret our lives are being affected by our obsession with smartphones. However, never before has this phenomenon been displayed so vividly as in the short YouTube film I Forgot My Phone. Despite only being online for a few days, it's already been viewed more than 10. 5 million times. Ironically, YouTube's statistics show that the site gets a billion views per day from mobile devices, so a lot of those people watched it on their phone.  The short film, written by and starring actress Charlene deGuzrnan, shows groups of people in various social situations, the majority of which are completely attracted by their phones instead of the world around them.  It's depressing because we' ve all seen it, and sad because to a certain extent, we all do it. \n Answer: Concerning.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author think of looking at a smartphone?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fbead052ac994be68c7c30d73fa1937c",
            "input": "Article: London has a new magazine. But it's not printed on paper. Everyone who has a television can receive it because it is on TV. In order to read this magazine you have to have a _ . Each page of it is numbered, so you only have to dial the number to choose which subject you want to read about. There's a wide choice--- everything is included from cooking to the latest sports news. If you want to read the news, the first thing you have to do is to turn to the index page which has an easy-to-remember page number, 100 for example. Then you start choosing what you want to read. The news is on pages 101 to 109, so you push out the numbers and the news appears written across your screen. Perhaps you want to go out in the afternoon, so you press 181, and a brightly colored weather map appears on the screen. But the weather is terrible so you decide to go shopping and dial 162 for a list of the week's best bargains. But should you drive or take the train ? To answer the question you only have to press 189 for the traffic report. It's very simple to use. But probably the best thing about the service is that it's being updated all the time. Journalists type new material directly onto the screen and whole pages of the magazine can be replaced in minutes. London has already had three services. One, transmitted by ITV, is called ORACLE, while the other two, on BBC, are called CEEFAX, because they let you see facts. Although CEEFAX and ORACLE have been operating for some time, they have not been well publicized. BBC engineers do not think that their idea will ever replace books and newspapers because they can be taken with you everywhere. But many people agree that this is a breakthrough as great as the invention of printing, which could change not just our reading habits but our whole way of life. \n Answer: No paper is used to print the magazine.",
            "output": [
                "What is unusual about the mew magazine in London?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69e93cd0cfd142198740cad77f314762",
            "input": "Article: Spain is a country that lies in southwestern Europe. It's surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea on the south and the east, while to the north of Spain lie France, Andorra and the Bay of Biscay. The west and northwest of Spain are surrounded by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. The official name of the state is the Kingdom of Spain. Madrid is the capital city, which is also one of the famous places in Spain. Spain, which covers 506,000 square kilometers, is one of the largest countries in Europe. The weather in Spain differs from one area to another. Most of the rain that happens in Spain is in the mountainous areas. The plains hardly receive any rainfall. Soccer in Spain is an important part of life of the people in Spain. It's said that Spanish children learn to walk and play soccer at exactly the same time. Real Madrid and FC Barcelona are two Spanish soccer teams, which are respected by soccer fans not only in Spain, but all over the world. The popularity of the sport can be judged from the fact that three major soccer teams, which are Real Madrid, Atletico de Madrid , and Rayo Vallecano, were born in Madrid. If you are a tourist, then you would want to know about the driving rules in Spain. If you're not from the European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, or Liechtenstein, then for you to drive you'll have to carry your international driver's license. Bad news if you haven't celebrated your 18th birthday. If you want to rent a car, then you must have completed 21 years of age. If you're driving, make sure you carry all the documents on you at all times during your stay in Spain. \n Answer: Brown who is 22 years old",
            "output": [
                "Who is allowed to rent a car in Spain?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18ed651f6edf4b2db4492468259197c9",
            "input": "Article: AAAGH! The Generation 90s is coming! Wearing earphones, using complex Net language and constantly text messaging friends, the Gen-90s following the Gen-80s begin to make their world debut  . Each generation or age group has its own symbols and lifestyle. Read on and judge for yourselves if you fit the Gen-90s group. Earphones These little devices seem to grow on the heads of the Gen-90s. They might lead to MP3, MP4 or MP101 players, giving these young people a plugged-in, cool and perhaps self-addicted look, of course, life is not always music to the ears. Martian  language They have created their own code-like online language. It's a mixture of English, Japanese and Chinese that perhaps only Martians can understand. This is an imaginative generation, though they need to be careful to keep it out of their term papers. Self-Portrait Saying \"cheese\" to their own digital cameras is usual for this generation. A little bit of narcissism   never hurts anyone. It helps them reflect a little on their own lives. But be aware of the risks of posting private photos online. Text-messaging They can type their mobile phones as fast as they can speak. This is a generation that respects efficiency . However, oral communication is important and will never go out of style. \n Answer: Teenagers",
            "output": [
                "Who do you think would most likely be the readers of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f7c9ad32ef3474a978d89452cfdc9ab",
            "input": "Article: Andy Steele lives just a few blocks from the campus of Black Hills State University in Spearfish, S.D., so commuting  to class isn't the problem. But he doesn't like lectures much, isn't a morning person, and wants time during the day to restore motorcycles. So Steele, a full-time senior business major, has been taking as many classes as he can from the South Dakota State system's online offerings. He gets better grades and learns more, he says, and insists he isn't missing out on the college experience. \"I still know a lot of people from my first two years living on campus, and I still meet a lot of people,\" he says. But now, he sets his own schedule. At least 2.3 million people took some kind of online courses, according to a recent survey by The Sloan Consortium, an online education group, and two-thirds of colleges offering \"face-to-face\" courses also offer online ones. But what were once two different types of classes are looking more and more alike and often falling into the same pool of students. At some schools, online courses originally intended for non-traditional students living far from campus have proved surprisingly popular with on-campus students. A recent study found 42 percent of the students enrolled  in its distance education courses were located on campus at the university that was hosting the online courses. Numbers vary depending on the policies of particular colleges, but other schools also have students mixing and matching online and \"face-to-face\" credits. Motives range from lifestyle to adapting a job schedule to getting into high--demand courses. Washington State had about 325 on-campus undergraduates taking one or more distance courses last year. As many as 9,000 students took both distance and in-person classes at Arizona State last year. \"Business is really about providing choices to their customers, and that's really what we want to do,\" said Sheila Aaker, extended services coordinator   at Black Hills State. Many schools, such as Washington State and Arizona State, let departments and academic units decide who can take an online course. They say students with legitimate academic needs a conflict with another class, a course they need to graduate that isfull--oftenget permission, though they still must take some key classes in person. \n Answer: To show more on-campus students are taking online courses.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-db3e1db4fb414cbf82a88d10cbf5ff85",
            "input": "Article: What's in a name? Well, apparently, our general happiness. Psychologists say that what we are called has a direct connection with our well-being  .       Those called Judy and Joshua are the happiest, while Lynn or Ben is likely to be the unhappiest, according to research. Psychologist Dr David Holmes found that this might due to the association that others made with the name. Hearing the name Judy may make them think of actress Judi Dench or TV presenter Judy Finnigan, people who are seen as good natured and happy. On the other hand, people think Paulines are unhappy because of the character Pauline Fowler from the TV programme East Enders. The research claims that this association influences the person with the name and so their personality becomes shaped to fit it. Dr David Holmes said, \"This also has some relation with the original meaning of the name. For example, the original meaning of Judy is 'praised'.\"      Certain names also work well in certain aspects of life. In the workplace Richard and Judy are happiest, while those called Ruth and Carly are happiest in relationships. At the other end of the scale the unhappiest workers are Stuart and Liz, with the unhappiest in relationships being Frank and Harriet.         Dr Holmes said, \"The relation we have with certain names, particularly important namesakes , also shapes how we see ourselves and so may have an effect on our confidence. Names are like product brands in having a powerful effect on attitudes and should therefore be chosen with care.\"       \"Other names are connected with being brave, outgoing or serious. Therefore, many celebrities change their names to ones which reflect these characteristics. This, in turn, influences parents when they choose names for their babies,\" said Dr Holmes, \"however, names connected with ordinary people are seldom chosen for their babies\". \n Answer: The personalities of famous Judys.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT a reason why Judy is a good name?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-80f59e28b7514f9abdd2c07bfbc5f573",
            "input": "Article: We often see wind-horse flags in Tibetan areas. They are long cloths on which pictures of horses and scriptures are printed. People often put these flags on top of houses, or leave them where a vehicle accident happened. They prevent evil spirits from injuring people again. A wind-horse flag can be white, yellow, red, green or blue. These five colors symbolize the five elements that form the world; earth, water, fire, wind and sky. Another explanations that red is the sun, green is the grassland, yellow is the earth, blue is the sky, and white is the cloud. The wind-horse flag originated with a monk who obtained a scripture from India. When he crossed a river, he carelessly dropped the scripture into the water. He quickly saved the scripture and spread it out on a big rock to dry as he sat in meditation . Suddenly violent thunder sounded like drums. The monk felt liberated from all of his sadness, and when he opened his eyes he saw that the scripture had been blown into the sky by a strong wind. Finally, he went straight to heaven. In order to honor the spirit of the monk and the Buddhist scripture, people printed the scripture on a piece of cloth and hung it up between the sky and the earth as though the scripture was flying in the sky. We also know why people put the wind-horse flag on the top of mountains and houses. The Tibetan ancestors had a very great idea about chanting scripture. They thought people not only could chant scripture, but also the five elements. The wind-home flag is a good example of how they use the wind to blow the flag, which means that the wind also chants scripture. \n Answer: The scripture was blown into the sky.",
            "output": [
                "What happened when the monk meditated?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e897ed53352942658a07d930ad7bdea7",
            "input": "Article: BEIJING, Feb. 26 (China Daily) -- As the smog orange warning continues, tourist attractions in Beijing are experiencing a significant decline   in visitor number. A new report launched by Beijing authorities on the morning of February 24 indicates that the concentration of PM 2.5 has risen, with no sign of decreasing, the orange warning will still be in effect, according to Xinhua News Agency. According to data released by the Beijing Tourism Website, by 2:00 pm, February 24, popular tourist attractions including The Great Wall and Palace Museum had been affected by the smog in terms of tourist numbers. As for the Palace Museum, the number of visitors was only 11,200 that day, far from the figure of 40,000, which is the daily average number of visitors it normally receives. There were a few visitors in Beihai Park on the morning of February 24, and two visitors from Hebei province planned to end their morning tour earlier than scheduled because of the smog. One of them said, \"The visibility is so poor that we can't take good photos, or even see clearly. We'd better leave early.\" In response to worsening air conditions, travel agencies have also taken some measures to avoid a further decline in tourist numbers. An employee with China Youth Travel Service, Wang Tao, said the agency will inform tourists of the weather conditions at their destinations. A tour guide with China Travel Service also told the media that it was a tour guide's duty to inform foreign visitors of the smog conditions in Beijing, and the agency will provide free face masks to those in need. But _ , because the root cause is air pollution. China will introduce various emergency responses and long-term measures against air pollution. Officials and experts called for combined efforts by governments, industries and the public to cooperate more efficiently and to jointly solve the problem. \n Answer: According to the data released by the Beijing Tourism Website, we can know the information.",
            "output": [
                "In the following statements, which one is NOT TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-236528e95f1c4224877d9783f6640dd5",
            "input": "Article: Several weeks ago, kidsPost did a story on \"The Art of Video Games\" at the Smithsonian American Art Museum. The exhibition has created debate with some people saying that as fun as video games are ,they are not works of art. Other people say that videos games may be a new form of art and that they belong to in museums. We asked readers for their opinions on the topic. Here are a few of the letters we received. A video game is like a painting on a screen. In order to make a video game, you have to think of something original to reach the players. This is the point of Art. ---Mary Pottanat,13 I believe video games are not a form of art. Art should be a visual  and creative expression of feelings. Although it is arguable that video games are visual ,they do not express feelings in any way. ---Prannab Kirshnan,12 However exciting video games are, they are not art. Painting is art, but not video games. Art has beauty and culture that no technology could ever compare to. Even though you can create art in some video games, the \" Mona Lisa\" wasn't painted with Nintendo. ---Caroline Kaplan,10 Art is a way of communicating ideas to the public in a way that is fun to them. The \"public\", who in this case are kids and adults, are finding these video games from different time periods interesting. Video games would not have been art if it had not been for the kids and adults attracted by \"the art of video games\". ---Ryan Puthumana,10 \n Answer: Someone who works in a museum.",
            "output": [
                "Who's the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-163dbd49b25b4588bf7cbee09d1ae3eb",
            "input": "Article: Watch a baby between six and nine months old,and you will observe the basic idea of geometry being learned.Once the baby has mastered the idea that space is three dimensional ,it reaches out and begins grasping various things,that the ideas of sets and numbers are formed.So far,so good.But now an _ development takes place.The nerver fibers in the brain separate themselves in such a way that the baby begins to hear sounds very exactly.Soon it picks up language.And it is then brought into direct communication with grown-ups.From this point on,it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics,because the child now becomes exposed to all the rubbish words and beliefs of the born.Nature,having done very well by the child to this point,having permitted it the luxury of thinking for itself for eighteen months,now gives it up to the unreasonable conventions and beliefs of society.But at least the child knows something of geometry and peaceful days,no matter what vicissitudes it may suffer later on.The main reservoir of mathematical ability in any society is thus possessed by children who are about two years old,children who have just learned to speak freely. \n Answer: The impact of language on mathematics.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c0b76a313a434c349eb54757d6604c2f",
            "input": "Article: Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Rome's main avenues. Italy's political leaders are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours  _ . Shouting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women had come to the capital from all over Italy to demonstrate for 'a job for each of us, a different type of job'.      Women, who make up 52 % of Italy's population, today represent only 35% of Italy's total workforce and 33% of the total number of Italian with jobs. However, their presence in the workplace is increasing. The employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principle workplace. Official statistics also show that women have also made significant progress in self-employment. More and more women are going into business for themselves. Many young women are turning to business. It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, so that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or woman. Such changes are occurring in other professions too. The number of women doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers and university professors has increased. Some of the changes are immediately visible. For example, women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police, railway workers and street cleaners.    However, the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made. A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded. \n Answer: In Italy women are completely employed in services.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8a6570fd15d1458ba33064e97bef1ce8",
            "input": "Article: As a teen, you're going through big changes physically and mentally. Your interests are expanding. And your desire to take control of your own life is growing. Here is the challenge: Kids need to explore the world in new ways, and parents need to protect them from the dangers that are out in that world. These conflicts can easily set off fireworks in otherwise calm houses. Sometimes conflicts can't be avoided. But by paying attention to the building blocks of successful relationships, you can work towards making home a happy and healthy place for you and your parents. For instance, try to find a time to talk when your parents are not angry, tired, distracted, or hungry. A good time to talk is when you're all relaxed . Timing is everything. If the conversation begins to turn into an argument, you'd better calmly and coolly ask to stop the conversation for now. You can pick it up again when everyone's more relaxed. Listen to what your parents are saying, and repeat it back to them. This shows them that you're listening. It also gives them a chance to clear things up if you're not on the same page. Respect is the building block of good communication. People who respect each other and care about each others' feelings can disagree without things getting ugly. You are more likely to get along with your parents and have more independence  if your parents believe in you. How do you build trust? Trust comes by actually doing what you say you're going to do. Some teens find that doing fun activities with their parents can improve their relationships. Sometimes we forget that parents are more than rule-makers---they're interesting people who like to watch movies, and go shopping ---just like their teenagers! What do you do if you are trying your best, but your relationship with your parents continues to be rocky ? You may consider seeking outside help. You can find supportive adults, such as a teacher or a coach, who can r. Remember you can only change your own behavior; your parents are the only ones who can change theirs. \n Answer: Change your parents' behaviors.",
            "output": [
                "What's NOT the proper way to improve relationship between you and your parents?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4f097d99faf248818baec9f12a0b15b8",
            "input": "Article: It's hard to find Alice Munro in the media. Even after she won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature, the Canadian writer just appeared for a quick interview and then dropped out of sight. On Dec 29, she still didn't seek the spotlight when she was named one of the five Women of the Year by the Financial Times. In Munro's eyes, ordinary lives always hide larger dramas. So she records what we casually think of as the everyday actions of normal people. She often focuses on life in her hometown, a small village in Ontario which she is most familiar with. She writes about the ordinary things in the village-fox forming, trees filled in the Ontario wilderness, poor country alcohol and long last illnesses. Above all, she talks about girls and women who have seemingly ordinary lives but struggle against daily misfortune. She has a special talent for uncovering the extraordinary in the ordinary. These are ordinary people, ordinary stories, but she has the magic. Her precise language, depth of detail and the logic of her storytelling have made her stories inviting. Runaway, one of Munro's representative works, is a good example of her writing style. One of the stories centers on the life of an ordinary woman Carla, who lives in a small Canadian town with her husband Clark. The story slowly forms a picture of Carla, trapped in a bad marriage, her unhappiness building into desperation until she decided to flee. The story of Carla is a story of the power and betrayals of love. It is about lost children and lots of chances that we can all find in life, There is pain beneath the surface, like a needle in the heart. Since she published her first collection of short stories in 1968, Munro has won many awards, with the Nobel Prize being her biggest honor. On Oct 10, 2013, the Nobel Prize committee named Munro the \"master of the contemporary short story\". \n Answer: Her writing techniques",
            "output": [
                "What makes Alice Munro's stories fascinating according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5fe7c25f48314df8bd7f1c22b1000be4",
            "input": "Article: When my students ask me why I live in a tiny house, they ask it in light of all the \"sacrifices \"I an making. They know that I have moved from a large apartment in the city to a small custom-built home on wheels in the backyard woods. They know I _ running water, Internet connection, sewage , and reliable phone reception. However, it was possible for me to be truly happy while living with very few material things. My body responded well, in health, fitness and mood, to a schedule more consistent with the natural day and night cycle. Observing the daily sunset, hosting friends for days at a time, reading, writing letters to my families and friends and exploring natural wonders in my spare time all were free and invaluable experiences. What was necessary to my survival proved to be a rather short list-healthy food, clean and drinkable water, heat source, weather-protecting shelter, weather-suitable clothing, equally important friends and mental and physical stimulations . When I returned to life in the US, I couldn't help but sense a deep and uneasy belief that life suddenly changed. I felt disconnected with many things- the earth, others, my food source, my waste disposal, the natural cycle of my body and the productive interests. These are the things I once cared for but now find myself too busy to enjoy. How was it that I was earning literally 40 times my Peace Corps salary and was less healthy, satisfied and intentional in my daily schedule? I found myuself asking-what is it to be rich anyway? Therefore, last August I let go of most of my possessions and moved into a tiny house on wheels because I wanted to see if I could live a more enjoyable lifestyle. So far so good. No inconvenience has made up for the many positive benefits that continue to come from this change in lifestyle. I believe that I have made the right decision. \n Answer: The very few material possessions.",
            "output": [
                "What interested the author most when living in the tiny house?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fb653fe11e4c487ca4b58d488930ff0c",
            "input": "Article: If you are heading for Paris this year, be sure to include at least one of these shopping malls in your schedule. Au Printemps Tel: 01133014282 Located near the Paris Opera, this huge store is well-known for household goods as well as its fashion. The store also offers many services to overseas visitors, including shipping, translation and a personal shopping service. Au Printemps, whose name means springtime, hosts several free fashion shows each week. The store's beauty department has one of the world's largest selections of perfumes . Galeries Lafayette Tel: 01133014283 The Galeries Lafayette was built in 1906. It is as much fun to look at as it is to shop in this 10-storey shopping palace. In fact, the flagship store is the second most visited attraction in Paris, after the Louvre Museum. This shopping palace specializes in women's clothing. Make sure to take in the view from the tea shop on the top floor; it's well worth the visit. Le Bon Marche Tel: 01133014439 This stylish Left Bank department store was Paris' first such store. Designed by Gustave Eiffel, Le Bon Marche is particularly known for its food hall, its wedding shops and its selection of modern clothes. La Forum des Halles Tel: 01133014476 This modern, underground shopping center was built in 1979. La Forum des Halles, the three-storey-tall shopping center offers everything from souvenirs to haute couture to entertainment, such as first-run movies and street performers. The shopping center is attached to the busy La Halle-Chatelet metro station and can be easily reached from all over Paris. \n Answer: The Louvre Museum.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following places attracts the most visitors according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d4b86e59c1e44d78570e367a7cc25f3",
            "input": "Article: Many people feel that their parents were harder on them than on their brother or sister. And many are quick to blame  negative results in adulthood on it. But results from a Temple University study published this month suggest that it is not necessarily true. Researchers have found that among siblings in the same family,recalled negative early experiences such as conflicts  with parents seem to have little influence over psychological wellbeing  in midlife. \"Existing research suggests the importance of early childhood parental treatment on later wellbeing,but respondents in this study who thought they were treated less favorably than their siblings have been found to be just as satisfied in their lives,\"said Adam Davey,a psychologist in the College of Health Professions. Davey's study looked at data collected from 1,369 siblings between the ages of 26--74 from 498 different families to determine the extent to which different childhood treatment reached into adulthood. Each sibling answered a series of questions about their memories of parental affection ,conflicts with their parents when they were young and current wellbeing. Davey and his team found that those who remembered having more conflicts with their parents than their siblings still tended to have generally high levels of wellbeing in adulthood. Not surprisingly,they also found that happier memories,such as memories of affection and warmth,can have positive effects. Older respondents who were married and had children of their own tended to have a more positive recollection of their childhood. Davey says these findings could suggest that life experience acts as a filter for remembering childhood memories. He adds that personality also plays a role:those who were more outgoing tended to have a better recollection of their childhood. \"Even people who grow up in the same environment can have different ways of recalling the past. And it's not necessarily what happens in the past,but the way we remember it that makes a difference to our wellbeing,\"said Davey. \n Answer: To show the link between negative childhood experiences and wellbeing in adulthood.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-be93a561854e4549992d32c174b1132c",
            "input": "Article: Earth Day is on April 22nd.People say thanks to the Earth and learn ways to keep the Earth safe and clean.But saving the Earth is not just for grow-ups.Kids are also taking an active part in it. The American writer and filmmaker Lynne made a film called Young Voices for the Planet.It lists a lot of stories about different kids who help to keep our environment clean. Team Marine, US  A group of students at Santa Monica High School started an organization called Team Marine.They tell people why plastic bags are bad for sea animals and environment.In 2011, they successfully made lawmakers   in their city stop people using plastic bags. Felix, 15, Germany In 2007, a 9-year-old boy, Felix, started a club,Plant for the Planet.It encourages children around the world to plant trees in their own countries.Felix helped plant 25 million trees in Germany and 120 million trees worldwide. Alec, 17, US When he was 12, Alec set up Kids VS Global   Warming.It teaches kids about weather change and ways to stop the world getting warmer and warmer.Alec travels widely to encourage people to help stop global warming.He has given more than 70 talks across the country. Olivia, 13, US When Olivia was 11, she heard about the 2010 oil spill   in the Gulf of Mexico.She painted 500 pictures of birds to raise money for the clean-up.She raised more than $200,000 to protect   birds and other wild animals. \n Answer: To keep the earth safe and clean by kids only",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of setting up the \"Earth Day\" and who can do something for the Earth?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3dcd186e5dda4949a8d6b35aad7959bd",
            "input": "Article: It is said that usually people learn from their experiences and the mistakes they make throughout their lives. This is correct because life teaches us what is correct to do and what is not. Let's consider a mistake that one has made while trying to learn to drive. It is true that, for a beginner, it is common to make mistakes, but after doing something wrong once, twice or three times, it is quite impossible to make the same mistake a fourth time. Everyone tries their best in order to improve their skills and they will be very pleased to notice that these improvements really happen. On the other hand, being successful in everything he does, one cannot know what failure means. He would always see only the best side of things and it would be difficult for him to face the difficulties to come in the future. Here we can mention the case of a very successful football player, who has known what fame   is from the very beginning of his career. We have to admit that most of his luck originates from the great talent that he was born with. But some fellow players can also work to achieve the same thing because they make mistakes in their games and they learn from each mistake that they make. In the end, we can say that one needs to make mistakes in life in order to better appreciate things. And at the same time, mistakes teach us how important it is to fight for something we wish for in life. Of course, moments of happiness will come in return when we see the changes or improvements. \n Answer: He thinks they are lucky.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's attitude towards someone that is always successful at something?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa285727224941a288d9cdb49beb18f1",
            "input": "Article: Kalle Lasn was in a supermarket parking lot one afternoon when he had an experience that changed his life.In order to shop at the store, he needed to put money into the shopping cart to use it.Annoyed that he had to \"pay to shop,\" Lasn jammed the coin into the cart so that it wouldn't work.It was an act of _ --the first of many--for Lasn. Born in Estonia, Kalle Lasn moved to Australia as a young man and then later to Japan, where he founded a marketing research firm in Tokyo.Eventually, Lasn moved to Canada and for several years produced documentaries   for public television.In the late 1980s, Lasn made an advertisement that spoke out against the logging industry and the deforestation going on in the Pacific Northwest.When he tried to show his ad on TV, though, no station in this area would give him airtime.In response, Lasn and a colleague founded Adbusters Media Foundation, a company for the \"Human right to communicate. Adbusters produces magazine, newspaper, and TV ads with a social message.Many use humor and irony to make their points: In one, for example, a man chain smokes a brand of cigarettes called \"Hope\".In another, a child is dressed in an outfit used in fast-food ads.Next to the child is a note from its mother telling the restaurant to leave her child alone. Adbusters also has a magazine and a web site, the Culture Jammers Network, whose members include students, artists, and activists as well as educators and businesspeople interested in social change.Many of these \"culture jammers\" are working to raise awareness about different social issues by hosting events like \"Buy Nothing Day\" , \" No Car Day\" and \"TV Turnoff Week\" .Lasn and his partners hope these events will encourage people to think about questions such as; *What kinds of things are we being encouraged to buy by the media? *Should cars be our primary means of transportation? *How are television and radio being used now? How could we be using them? Some culture jammers are using other methods to challenge how people think.Some pretend to be shoppers.They move items in stores from one shelf to another making it difficult for people to find things easily.Other culture jammers break into large company well sites and jam them so that they become unusable.The goal in both cases ia to prevent \"Business as usual\" and to gel people to ask themselves questions such as \"Why am I shopping here?\" or \"Why should I buy this product?\" Lasn and members of the Culture Jammers Network want to make people aware of social issues, but they also believe it's important to think of solutions, too.\"A lot of people tell you everything that's wrong but they never say much about how to fix these problems,\" says Lasn.\"But there is plenty we can do.If you start despairing, you have lost everything.\" Though many TV stations still won't show Adbusters' \" uncommercials\" , some cable TV stations have started to.People all over the world have joined the Culture Jammers Network and are doing their part to promote social change. \n Answer: Smoking can ruin you if you are hopelessly addicted to it.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main point of the ad for \"Hope\" cigarettes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0181edd0bc2745a79467fd7da6c323da",
            "input": "Article: (RAMALLAH, West Bank) -- Israel  freed 26 Palestinian  prisoners early Wednesday, the second of four groups to be released as part of an agreement that started the current Israeli-Palestinian peace talks, which had broken down since 2008. In all, 104 prisoners are to be released in four rounds over the coming months. In the West Bank and Gaza , the mood was overexcited as hundreds of Palestinians welcomed the prisoners back home, after many had spent more than 20 years behind bars. Crowds of people rushed toward the 5 prisoners released to Gaza, raising them on their shoulders, waving Palestinian flags and dancing to music. Relatives held signs that read \"we will never forget our heroes.\" More than 2,000 people welcomed the 21 prisoners released to the West Bank, who were greeted at a ceremony by Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas in Ramallah. Hazem Shubair, thrown into prison in 1994 for the death of an Israeli according to the Israeli Prison Service, was over delighted upon his return to Gaza. \"I am speechless,\" he said. \"Thanks to God. God is greater than the aggressors (meaning Israel)\". Abbas said a final peace agreement with Israel was possible on the release of the prisoners. \"There will be no final agreement without the release of all the prisoners,\" he told the violent crowd. Israel's Supreme Court   earlier refused an appeal that intended to cancel the prisoner release. An organization of bereaved   families behind the appeal has said it fears the prisoners, all in connection to the deaths of Israelis, will return to violence once freed. \n Answer: Because that was part of an agreement between Israel and Palestinians.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Israel free 26 Palestinian prisoners early Wednesday?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-45e711936f6c43b4a3840baca5a11e52",
            "input": "Article: Amazing Rafting Adventures White water rafting is one of the classic, wild, activities in the outdoors. It is also an opportunity for an unbelievable family adventure. Around the country, there are several rivers--and rafting outfitters--that are perfectly suited to the entire family. Here are three of the best: New River Gorge, West Virginia Rafting in West Virginia is renowned for its established infrastructure, reliability, and easy access. These things make it an obvious choice for a family vacation. Famous areas, including the New River Gorge, offer everything from lazy floats to intense Class IV runs. READ MORE: Water Water Rafting: Top 5 U.S. Locations Jackson Hole, Wyoming Jackson Hole provides a full range of opportunities in the outdoors--and white water rafting is certainly one of them. Popular trips include the rough rapids of the Snake River and gentle floats in nearby Yellowstone National Park. READ MORE: What You Need to Know Before Visiting Yellowstone National Park Grand Canyon, Arizona For really bold families, a multi-day trip down the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon is the penultimate adventure. Guided trips typically pack in boats-worth of supplies so the overnight adventures are far from \"roughing it.\" Instead, evenings are catered in a rugged luxury style, allowing everyone to rest up for the next day's activities. Whether looking for a casual float or a challenging adventure, white water rafting is a great option for any active family vacation. \n Answer: All three rafting rivers are suitable for the whole family.",
            "output": [
                "What is the common feature of the three rafting adventures?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c4fe2369d0dd48388624741b08ca355b",
            "input": "Article: A new study of 8,000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily, it is a bad thing for young people.  Puppy love may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression. The study shows that girls become more depressed than boys, and younger girls are the worst of all. The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is \"loss of self\". According to the study,even though boys would say \"lose themselves in a romantic relationship\", this \"loss of self\" is much more likely to lead to depression when it happens to girls. Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions. They won't tell that to their parents. Dr Marianm Kaufman,an expert on young people problems, says 15% to 20% young people will have depression during their growing. Trying romance often causes the depression. She advises kids not to jump into romance too early. During growing up, it is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self. She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their friends,attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family. Parents should watch for signs of depression--eating or mood changes--and if they see signs from their daughters or sons, they need to give help. The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age.Love will always make us feel young,but only maturity gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects. \n Answer: Puppy love may bring young people depression.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c3eec670d0004e989c605204c3ef2060",
            "input": "Article: \"Where is Papa going with that ax  ?\" said Fern to her mother as they were setting the table for breakfast. \"Out to the hoghouse,\" replied Mrs. Arable. \"Some pigs were born last night.\" \"I don't see why he needs an ax,\" continued Fern, who was only eight. \"Well,\" said her mother, \"one of the pigs is a runt  . It's very small and weak. So your father has decided to do away with it.\" \"Do away with it?\" shouted Fern. \"You mean kill it?\" \"Don't shout, Fern!\" she said. \"Your father is right. The pig would probably die anyway.\" Fern pushed a chair out of the way and ran outdoors. The grass was wet and the earth smelled springtime. Fern's shoes were wetting by the time she caught up with her father. \"Please don't kill it! It's unfair,\" she said. Mr. Arable stopped. \"Fern,\" he said gently, \"you will have to learn to control yourself.\" \"This is a matter of life and death, and you talk about controlling myself.\" Tears ran down her cheeks and she took hold of the ax and tried to pull it out of her father's hand. \"Fern,\" said Mr. Arable, \"I know more about raising a group of pigs than you do. A weak pig makes trouble.\" \"But it's unfair,\" cried Fern. \"The pig couldn't help being born small. If I had been very small at birth, would you have killed me?\" Mr. Arable smiled. \"Certainly not,\" he said, looking down at his daughter with love. \"But this is different. It's a pig.\" \"There is no difference,\" replied Fern. \n Answer: What his father would do with an ax.",
            "output": [
                "What puzzled Fern at the beginning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e2b386d2a37d4bf69bd8e460997b0cd7",
            "input": "Article: One of my longest-running battles with my kids is about manners specifically,about whether it's necessary to send hand-written thank-you notes for gifts.I say yes,and my children have continued throughout their teens to write the notes.But they grumble that I'm out of step with the times. If a new BabyCenter poll is any guide,  _ .A surprisingly large number of parents still insist that their children practice such old-fashioned manners as putting pen-to-paper to say thank you,treating adults with respect and addressing adults as \"Mr., Mrs.or Miss.\"A majority of the 1,000 parents surveyed also said they insist at dinner that children keep napkins in their laps,ask to be excused from the table and refrain from talking with a full mouth. Among the reasons cited most often by parents,BabyCenter says,is that \"the world is a more free-wheeling place,and they want to give their kids a stronger moral compass to guide them.\"This thinking was affirmed by 64%of those surveyed.And 58%say they see so many badly behaved kids around them that they're determined to raise their children differently. This poses a particular challenge for parents who work outside the home and must find a sitter, nanny or other child-care provider who will insist on the manners they consider most important. Pediatrician Perri Klass wrote recently in the New York Times about her annoyance at a rude,demanding child who was among her longtime patients.Although she veiled her injunctions to the mother in euphemisms ,talking to her about \"setting limits,\"Dr.Klass wrote,\"I do pass judgment on kids with bad manners and so does every pediatrician I know.\"Rude kids make her wonder whether there is something wrong with the family,among other things,she says.\"The whole 'manners' concept might seem a bit odd,\"she says,\"until you recast it as 'social skills' a hot-button child-development issue,as I wrote in a recent column.\" Readers,what manners do you insist upon for your children? Has other kids' bad behavior led you to toughen your standards? Do the strict rules embraced by parents in the BabyCenter survey seem right,or too formal? \n Answer: Children need to develop the virtue which will show them the right way.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following reasons can account for parents' attitudes towards children's behavior formation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4bd2570bfc414220a5d59295c9de0571",
            "input": "Article: Grandpa's hobby was making birdhouses. He always said, \"A man has to keep busy to stay out of trouble.\" Leigh wasn't sure how much trouble Grandpa could get into anyway, since he was such a nice man, but Leigh tried to listen to his advice. Besides, she liked to help on his birdhouses. Grandpa's shop was full of well-oiled and carefully-kept tools. Whenever he used something, he put it back in exactly the right place. He had rules about how he treated his tools, because he hated buying something new if the old one still worked. He also made sure to clean up each time he worked on something. It wasn't too fun cleaning up, but it was nice to watch him cut boards to exact lengths. It was nice to see the drill put in holes for screws  to go in cleanly. It was like being a doctor, but with wood. The best part of building was seeing all the pieces come together in the final form. The last steps always included lacquer or paint, to help protect Grandpa's hard work from the weather. His birdhouses lasted for years. If he didn't coat them properly, the sun and rain would turn the wood gray and weak in a short period of time. No, he always made sure to do things right. Even if he put rocks or other cute decorations on them, it was done right and made to last. Grandpa was a hard worker, but he was also smart and generous. He let Leigh keep the birdhouses sometimes, but only if he got to help hang it up or set the post for it. It had to be done just right, after all. The birdhouses were a great way to learn about woodworking, hard work, taking care of what you have, and about birds. The best thing about building birdhouses was that Leigh spent some time with Grandpa. \n Answer: Grandpa's Birdhouses",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a487427bc4b84e388f5510ac40ac29d7",
            "input": "Article: In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come to work and live here? In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing. On Dec.11, 2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland security, federal and local authorities in 14 states staged \"Operation Safe Travel\"---raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification.In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests.But those captures were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South America.Authorities said the undocumented workers' illegal status made them open to blackmail by terrorists. Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent.\"We're saying we want you to work in these places, we're going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it's convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept.11, then you're disposable.They are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,\" Anderson said. If Sept.11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely.Ana Castro, a manager at a Ben & Jerry's ice cream shop at the airport had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid.Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation .Castro's case is currently waiting to be settled.While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry's. \n Answer: Offended",
            "output": [
                "How did the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel about \"Operation Safe Travel\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8d3018f596a846ff817518170c938f2d",
            "input": "Article: On the way home from his job at a bakery in Wainscot, New York, one August evening,Craig Schum,33,stopped his car at the East Hampton Airport. A group was protesting, airplane noise,and Schum,who had kicked off his shoes,got out of the car.     Within seconds, though,Schum saw something astonishing.A small plane dived and crashed into the woods about l00 yards from the runway.\"I don't remember making the decision that I should go help out,\" he recalls.\"I just started running.\"     Sehum ran across the street barefoot,climbed over a six--foot-high chain link fence, and dashed about l00 yards toward the woods.When he got there, he discovered 5l yea r-old pilot Stephen Bochter,his head bleeding,beside the burning plane.Bochter's passenger,his wife, Kim Brillo,was on the ground, unconscious \"She had blood all over her.\"says Schum.\"I thought she was dead.\"     Jack Gleeson,17,a high school student working a summer job at the airport,caught up to Schum and,with Bochter's help, 1ifted the chain-link fence and brought Brillo underneath it.Moments later,the entire plane exploded.     After the rescue team arrived,Bochter and Brillo were airlifted to a nearby hospital and treated for cuts,injuries and Brillo's broken arm, Bochter, an experienced pilot, 1ater said that the plane's electrical system had failed shortly after takeoff.He had been attempting to land at the East Hampton Airport when the plane began to nosedive.He managed to level the wings before crashing into the woods.     \"Everything was on fire,and Schum came out of nowhere to save us.\"says Bochter.\"We're blessed to have lived through it\" \n Answer: He save 8 protesting group.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Craig Schum stop his car at the East Hampton Airport?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4d5233ad6f949d599ec8c3400ae6d6c",
            "input": "Article: In New York, Ma witnessed the Alibaba Group opening on the New York stock exchange with the largest initial public offering (IPO,) in American history. \"Alibaba, the world's largest Internet commerce company makes China equal to the US in the rapidly increasing global competition for technological innovation   and economic transformation \" commented the South China Morning Post. It has also made Ma China's richest man with a fortune of around $25 billion (153 billion yuan), reported Reuters. It's reported that Ma's rags-to-riches journey is just as spectacular as his Internet empire. Ma failed the national college entrance exams twice before he was finally in Hangzhou Normal University on his third attempt and failed in finding a suitable job several times. Aslo, Mr Ma is a big believer in perseverance, which was proved in his English study experience. However, it was his vision and goals that launched his career. During a short trip to the US as an interpreter in 1995, Ma first experienced the Internet. He believed in the Internet's business potential when few other Chinese people did. He started Alibaba in his Hangzhou apartment, with 17 friends and $60,000 of funds. At the time, when e-commerce was unheard of in China, _ he once said, according to The Guardian. His unusual ideas earned him the nickname \"Crazy Jack Ma\" . Indeed, Ma is different. Although he is very thin and about 160cm tall, \"Ma is yet animated and forceful, said The Guardian. \"He is funny, creative, and a compelling   speaker. Ma told Time magazine that he was \"old for the Internet\". He started to slow down and looked around. According to The Wall Street Journal, Ma \"plans to open a tai chi club with the actor Jet Li, build an entrepreneur   university in Hangzhou and continue to work on several environmental projects.\" \n Answer: His foresight and ambitions.",
            "output": [
                "What made him into e-commerce industry?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-708a7bd9dd334fe3a42b2b1cb4ad8cd7",
            "input": "Article: How time flies! One month has passed before I could take any notice of it. This is the start of my freshman year in Fudan University. At the very beginning, everything and everyone was strange to me. But now, I'm getting used to it. I'd like to tell you two important and interesting things in my university life.     Freedom is what I am looking forward to since my primary school. Many people said to me, \"Study hard, and you will get freedom when in university.\" But when I really entered university, I find the real situation is different. Freedom costs me a lot. If I refuse to wash my clothes, for example, they will just lie there, unclean. So I have to do everything and take care of myself. Well, I like this life style very much though it is hard at the beginning. It is really a challenge for me.      I appreciate a famous saying from Albert Camus, \"Freedom is nothing but a chance to be better.\" That's right. Real freedom comes with responsibility. Some teenagers believe that freedom means doing whatever you like. But I think that is not real freedom at all. One can have his or her own freedom, while at the same time respect others'. It's not easy to think on behalf of others. And now I have the precious chance to practice it.    Another thing I want to mention is love. Now, something interesting in Fudan is that love exists everywhere. For instance, the first lesson of my English class is about love. A small play at the Freshmen Welcome Party called \"Turn Left and Turn Right\" is about students' love in Fudan. Some of my roommates have boyfriends. At night, while lying in bed, we always share their love stories. What's more, even our instructor once said, \"In our department, girls are more than boys. So we'll have a party with the Chemistry Department, in which the situation is just the opposite.\" I was surprised about the attitude towards love here. Is she encouraging us to find someone to fall in love with? I cannot understand it quite well.    The above are the two things that impressed me most at the very beginning of my freshmen year, and surely I'll get more out of my university life in the future. \n Answer: The writer is getting on well with the life in Fudan University.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d7923873ff54021a09a6c6a93a3ee45",
            "input": "Article: As the nights get lounger, those who suffer from the winter blues will be planning ways to escape to the sunshine. But there may be a much simpler way of cheering yourself up... simply shining a bright light into your ear canal. Up to one in four Britons suffer from seasonal affective disorder, with seven per cent of the population having full-blown SAD.  It is caused by the brain not receiving enough daylight which is needed to trigger serotonin , a hormone that regulates mood. Symptoms range from mild lethargy  to depression and insomnia, but a cure might be in sight. Two clinical trials, run by Valkee - who make a device that can shine light into your ear - and the University of Oulu in Finland, have found that carefully targeted light can help prevent the condition. Juuso Nissila, Valkee's co-founder and chief scientist said: \"We presented earlier that the human brain is sensitive to light\". \"These two clinical trials demonstrate that channeling bright light via ear canal into brain's photosensitive areas effectively prevents and treats seasonal affective disorder.\" The University of Oulu reported that in their first study, 92 per cent of the patients with seasonal affective disorder achieved full remission after a month of daily eight-to-12 minute doses of light from the Valkee. Time Takala, chief physician at the Oulu Deaconess Institute said: \"These two trials show that bright light channeled into the brain via ear canal is an important future method to treat seasonal affective disorder.\" Valkee launched its bright light headset in August 2010. It is classed as a medical device under EU regulations. The device channels bright light direct to the brain via the ear canal to prevent and cure depression, mood swings and even circadian-rhythm disorders  such as jet lag.         It costs PS185 and looks like an iPod - only the earphones emit light rather than sound. \n Answer: Approximately a quarter.",
            "output": [
                "How many Britons suffer from seasonal affective disorder?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ec9ba6037b344484ba2bac155e921e5c",
            "input": "Article: You can't resist that shirt on sale. And those cute red shoes also end up in your shopping bag. Or you buy a new computer that you can't live without. We've all bought things we wanted but really didn't need on impulse. US statistics show that in 2009 a surprising 60 percent of all-store purchases were made without thinking first. And the latest reported statistics for e-purchases say that forty percent are impulsive. So why do we do this? It feels good. This feeling comes from a chemical called dopamine , which is released when we do something we enjoy. How can we resist the temptation to spend? l      Window-shop without your wallet. This way, when you see something you want, you can't buy it. If you really need the item, you can go back to the store to buy it. But it's likely you won't. l      Pay in cash-don't use credit cards. They can trick you into thinking you're not spending money because the bill doesn't come until later. Using cash will make you think twice before spending. l      Research the product first----then buy it. This will keep you from being talked into buying expensive hi-tech items like computers. l      Make a shopping list----and stick to it. Buy only what is on the list. l      Carry the exciting item around the store for 15 minutes. You will be surprised how that purple shirt loses its appeal after the initial \"Wow, isn't that cool?\" feeling wears off. It's hard to give up a bad habit. But if you replace it with a healthy habit, you will have more success. Consider going to the library instead of the bookstore. Explore new parks and learn about nature, or join a church or club. Exercise with friends or join a sports team. \n Answer: To show people how to avoid buying needless things.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-364b8127ddba4e34b9f661eae20c86f7",
            "input": "Article: When I was two years old, something happened which I have never forgotten. It was early spring, and there was a light mist over the trees and fields. The other young fellows and I were feeding at the lower end of the field when we heard the distant cry of dogs. The oldest among us lifted his head to listen. \"There are the hounds \", he said, and immediately raced off. The rest of us followed him to the top of the field where we could see several fields beyond. Soon the dogs were all racing down the field next to ours, making a loud \"yoyoyoyo\" sound. After then came men on horses, some in green coats. Suddenly, the dogs became silent and ran around with their noses to the ground. \"They've lost the smell of the hare.\" said the old horse. \"Perhaps it will escape.\" But the dogs began their \"yoyoyoyo\" again and came at full speed towards our field. Just then a hare, wild with fear, ran towards the trees. The dogs jumped over the stream and ran across the field, followed by the huntsmen. Six or eight jumped their horses over the stream, close behind the dogs. Before the hare could get away, the dogs were upon her with wild cries. We heard a terrible scream, and that was the end of the hare. One of the men picked her up and held her by the leg. She was covered in blood, but all the huntsmen seemed pleased. I was so greatly surprised that at first I did not see what was happening by the stream but when I did look, I saw a sad sight. Two fine horses were down, one in the stream struggling to stand up and the other on the grass with one of his legs broken. One rider, who seemed unhurt, was climbing out of the water, but the other lay quite still. \"His neck is broken,\" said my mother. \"I can't understand why men are so fond of this sport. They often hurt themselves and ruin good horses, all for one hare that they could get more easily in other ways. But we are only horses, and don't know why men do these things.\" They carried the dead rider to our master's house, and then came back to the black horse on the grass. The animal was in great pain and one of his legs was broken. Someone ran to our master's house and came back to the horse with a gun. Soon after there was a loud bang and a terrible cry, and the black horse did not move any more. \n Answer: Ayounghorse.",
            "output": [
                "What does \"I\" in the passage refer to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4866f0f2d12d473bbeccaa656e5c3953",
            "input": "Article: For a small town, Mantattan, Kansas has some big surprises. And one of them is the Holiday Inn Hotel, with rooms built around a swimming pool and a friendly atmosphere. The Holiday Inn is where Manhattan people often go for a special party, or a night out. A lot of them choose to eat in the bright-lit restaurant near the pool, And many of them will be served by Ellen Logan, who has worked as a waitress here for more than two years. Ellen, like most of the waitresses, is also a student. She comes from Nebraska, but she's planning one day to be a veterinary surgeon, and to care for small animals. But in order to support herself at college, she works twenty hours a week at the Holiday Inn. Ellen soon learned what every waitress finds out. Your best friend has a good pair of shoes. She paid forty-five dollars for hers, much more than she would usually spend. She's discovered something else too. You don't have to know much about food to be a good waitress, but you do have to know a lot about people. \"A lot of business people always stay here when they come to Manhattan\", she explains. \"They like you to recognize them and remember their favorite dishes. But some couples come for a night out together. They just want to be left alone. Then there are people who can't make up their minds. They look down the menu and say,'What do you suggest?'So I ask them how hungry they are. If they say,'Not very.'I suggest the salad bar, with soup, salad, bread, and a fruit plate. But if they say they're very hungry, I suggest a Kansas Strip Steak, with potatoes or rice. You get salad and bread as well. It's very nice. Real good value\". Ellen may get tired sometimes, but at least she's learning too much about people. She's learning too much about people. She'll probably make a good animal doctor, but if she finds she doesn't like it after all, she can become a psychiatrist instead. \n Answer: If you know a lot about people,you'll be a good veterinary surgeon.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-60d86e0bf6594c8489c0cd802b1769f1",
            "input": "Article: In Asia,there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them.Although all kites have a similar structure ,they are widely different in size and shape.Kitefighting competitions are also held,in which competitors use their kites to attack and bring down their opponents'  kites or cut their strings . For more than 15 years,the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kitemaking and kiteflying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii.In its kitemaking lessons,students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes!Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite.Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980.Their kites are made of nylon .Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne.The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite. The kite that is used to give lessons is a regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern.The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a twostring controllable kite.Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in.Then the controls are given to the students. Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites.Even the simplest structure can work,and can give hours of fun.Go on,give it a try! (2012*,D) \n Answer: Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aeb001800c3a47b78f0a7c6c1914db57",
            "input": "Article: Hurry! Time to \"steal vegetables\" Don't be afraid! We are not encouraging the stealing behavior, but to tell you maybe the most popular topic from white-collars' mouth in cities. Together with \"How many vegetables do you steal today,\" \"it's harvest time for your ripe peach,\" \"I bought you a new car today.\" Are there so many people in the city really have their own farms, or are they really so rich to buy someone else cars casually? The answer is obviously negative. They just play some games on Social Network Sites (SNS) like kaixin001.com. Can you imagine that more than millions of people in Chinese mainland will spend lots of time on SNS to play game and talk to friends, especially white-collars who work in the cities? Take kaixin001.com as an example, the current member of it has already hit 38 million. However, the great number of people who would like to use such SNS indicates another social problem. That is lots of people choose to escape from the reality. And SNS just offer them a Virtual space to forget the reality. Kinds of games and various of friends do give netizens lots of fun. Though indulging, dreaming, chatting and playing , it seems like people could really escape from all the upsets in reality. But virtual world is not real and no one can live in it forever, and reality is not that simple like noodling around on the internet. Since this kind of social phenomenon is so popular on the internet, people start thinking to remove it in the reality.After playing the \"happy farm\" game on kaixin001.com, would you like to put yourself among the real corps while smelling the fragrance of the countryside? Recently, a farm land service called \"happy farm in reality\" was opened in the suburbs of Shanghai where white-collar workers from around that region can experience the real farmer's life by themselves \n Answer: something behind the game \"Happy Farm\"",
            "output": [
                "What is the topic of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ce383f1ffb5f48f7ac9d769761a9d136",
            "input": "Article: NASDAQ, acronym for the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation system, is one of the largest markets in the world for the trading of stocks. The number of companies listed on NASDAQ is more than that on any of the other stock exchange in the United States, including the New York Stock Exchange(NYSE) and the American Stock Exchange (AMSE). The majority of companies listed on NASDAQ are smaller than most of those on the NYSE and AMSX. NASDAQ has become known as the home of new technology companies, particularly computer and computer-related businesses. Trading on NASDAQ is started by stock brokers  acting on behalf of their clients. The brokers negotiate with market makers who concentrate on trading specific stocks to reach a price for the stock. Unlike other stock exchange, NASDAQ has no central location where trading takes place. Instead, its market makers are located all over the country and make trades by telephone and via the Internet. Because brokers and market makers trade stocks directly instead of on the floor of a stock exchange, NASDAQ is called an over-the-counter market. The term over-the -counter refers to the direct nature of the trading, as in a store where goods are handed over a counter. Since its inception  in 1971, the NASDAQ Stock Market has been the innovator . As the world's first electronic stock market, NASDAQ long ago set a precedent  for technological trading innovation that is unrivaled . Now ready to become the world's first truly global market, the NASDAQ Stock Market is the market of choice for business industry leaders worldwide. By providing an efficient environment for raising capital NASDAQ has helped thousands of companies achieve their desired growth and successfully make the leap into public ownership. \n Answer: It lists the biggest number of companies.",
            "output": [
                "What is TRUE of NASDAQ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4f2b9d745f9f434db4b4389f62bf2ea2",
            "input": "Article: Humans aren't the only ones getting a buzz from coffee.Caffeine can improve memory among honeybees and lead to better pollination .According to a recent study published in the journal Science. The study was conducted by a team of researchers at Newcastle University in the United Kingdom.They found that the nectar of some flowers,such as those from grapefruit and lemon plants,as well as certain coffee flowers,contains low doses of caffeine.To get bees to feed on these flowers,the team trained the insects to associate food with the smell of the flowers.They also trained another group of bees to feed on nectar from flowers that were sweetened with a sugar, but did not contain caffeine.After 24 hours,the bees trained on caffeinated flowers returned to these plants three times as often as those trained on the sweetened flowers returned to the uncaffeinated plants. Professor Geraldine Wright led the researchers.\"Remembering floral traits is difficult for bees to perform at a fast pace as they fly from flower to flower and we found that    caffeine helps the bee remember where the flowers are,\"Wright said in a statement. Improved memory led to the better pollination.That's because once bees sip the caffeine  nectar, they continue to look for more coffee plants to pollinate.This also suggests that caffeine  plays a role in improving the bees'ability to search for food. Researchers found that caffeine's effect on the bee brain is similar to its effect on mammals.\"The change is similar to that produced by caffeine in neurons associated with learning and memory in the rat brain,\"Wright said. Bee populations have declining since 2007.The dramatic drop in the insects'numbers has  serious effects for ecosystems and the farming industry.Bees are needed in the reproduction of  crops and spreading wild flower species.Understanding what keeps bees buzzing could help to make sure that the insects are able to remember and pollinate their favorite flowers. \n Answer: Bees dislike nectar from sweetened flowers.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11d33cb9ccd34335b715488173f17bb9",
            "input": "Article: I have this old clock that belonged to my mom. My dad gave it to me years ago after mom passed away. I have mixed feelings about having the clock. I love it because it was my mom's, but it also holds some bad memories. You see, it chimes. It counts out the hour and rings once on the half hour. Or at least it used to. Now you never know what number it will ring. When my mother was at home dying from cancer, she asked for the clock to be unplugged. Hearing the hours count down really angered and frightened her. Mom passed away. I decided I wanted to get the clock fixed so I could remember the good hours we had with her. I took it to a local clock shop the other day. \"I know this has no particular value as a clock, but it was my mom's and I need to get it fixed,\" I said to the shop owner. I went on to describe the problem. \"We get a lot of these in,\" he told me. \"Here's what I do. We remove the clock works   and replace it with a battery-operated movement   that chimes electronically,\" he told me. \"You can't fix this?\" \"No, we don't have the time nor the parts.\" I thanked him and went home. I called a few other places and was told the same thing. \"How incredibly sad,\" I told the last one disappointedly. How incredibly sad that we have become a society that replaces craftsmanship with convenience and easy fixes. We copy the original instead of creating something new. We duplicate  ; we don't originate  . Sadly, the same goes for our attitude to life itself. Each of us is an original, one of a kind. But we find it so much easier to copy another style than to develop our own. We are wannabes   rather than hey-world-look-at-mes. We fail to see the real value in who we are, so we spend our lives trying to be someone else. \n Answer: Because it left the author with mixed feelings.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author decide to get the clock fixed?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f79fdf84eee3494ab70457f72d2cac3a",
            "input": "Article: He Made It! One Sunday, Gavin, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Gavin was lost, all alone! He didn't have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute. Gavin had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use. He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. If he didn't, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him. Using his skis, Gavin built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could. By that evening, Gavin was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn't lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Gavin did the only thing he could -- he huddled   in his cave and slept. The next day, Gavin went out to look for help, but he couldn't find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Gavin went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Gavin was saved. Gavin might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls' survival show Man vs. Wild. That's where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode   of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out. When Grylls heard about Gavin's amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Gavin had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Gavin had to work to stay alive. \n Answer: He broke his skis.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to Gavin one Sunday afternoon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3bdbb3aeaf044aea8f29e47a48743648",
            "input": "Article: Doubt usually comes along when companies talk very proudly how socially responsible they are, but Nike's decision to publish its entire list of contract suppliers on the Internet is harder to ignore. Nike's move opens a new front in companies' efforts to face their critics. As Nike states in its latest corporate responsibility report, it is often hard to confirm exactly what is happening at about 800 factories that make its footwear and clothing under contract, many of which are remote. Nike is hoping other companies will publish their factory lists, too. Hannah Jones, Nike's vice - president for corporate responsibility, says Nike would like to see the best - run contract factories using their social position as suppliers to the big brands to try to get more work. Nike's approach moves corporate responsibility into its third age. The first age was corporate philanthropy - companies donating money to various community projects. The $170,   000,000 that Wal - Mart gave in charitable donations last year is a good example. Of course, some critics oppose even this form of corporate generosity , arguing that companies should concentrate on making profits, leaving it to shareholders to decide what charitable donations to make. Corporate responsibility's second age was reputation management and risk avoidance. Second - age corporate responsibility supporters believe agreement with the wider community can warn a company of future risks in advance. Nike is now trying to go a stage further. The company says it sees corporate responsibility as a way of improving its performance rather than just protecting its reputation. Factories which ensure that workers are registered  for social - security benefits often become more productive as a result. Attention to one aspect of staff management often leads to improvement in others. If other companies publish supplier lists, they can together work out common standards, Nike says. At present, different companies have different standards, which make life difficult for the many factories that produce for more than one brand. If other companies published suppliers' locations, they could work out common standards and save money by relying on one another's checks. \n Answer: Many suppliers produce for more than one brand.",
            "output": [
                "Why is it difficult to keep an eye on contract suppliers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b637feac7336439988a7a80dc696d5ae",
            "input": "Article: Every year Chris Brogan posts his three words for a new year. I and many others have followed his lead for the past three or four years. They helped me a lot.My words for last year were\"passion\",\"focus\"and\"delegate\"and I stayed true to them.This year,2012,my goals are more personal and less professional.       FOCUS     Focus is making a repeat appearance on my list this year because I'm too much of a multitasker. The problem is that I have trouble finishing one thing with so many things calling me.  When I was working as a writer,all my projects were handled via a schedule,which kept me organized.This year I'm going to have each task scheduled.I'm putting a fitness and housekeeping routine into my schedule.       HEALTH     I get so busy taking care of everyone else,I forget to take care of myself and this has to change.  My health suffers and my weight suffers.I have to get my 1}ealth in check,not only for me-but because I promised my 9 year-old son.I'11 make sure to take time to exercise every day and make good food and lifestyle choices. I miss beingthin,and it's time to get it back.       CELEBRATE     What good is having it all if I'm not taking time to enjoy it?I have a wonderful job,a happy family,and so much to be thankful for. So how come I spend all my time working? Last summer my family took our first vacation in four years,the best thing I've done for myself and my family in a long time.This year,I'm making sure to take time to enjoy life and celebrate its many blessings.     Do you have any words for 2012? \n Answer: He's gaining weight and feeling bad.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the writer have\"health\"as one of his three words?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fad2c474f5e94759b9e4bd2ebd98a9e0",
            "input": "Article: Luo Jingyu, 19, has four years of experience of running business. He is also a freshman in the arts department of Hubei University. Luo Jingyu is from an ordinary family. He said, \"My parents told me if I wanted something I should make an effort to get it, so I earned pocket money by doing housework when I was little.\" The dream of running his own business grew in his heart. He said, \"I want to be a successful person, like Alibaba's Ma Yun.\" When Luo was a junior student, he had the idea of selling lanterns when he saw many people flying Chinese lanterns in a square. Luo bought some lanterns from a store, but the sales were not as good as he had expected. Then he found another way to do business. He bought lanterns on the Internet at a very low price. Finally he easily made 5,000 yuan in two days. With a happy beginning, Luo planned to open a dress shop. \"My parents didn't support me opening a dress shop, so I had to borrow 120,000 yuan for it.\" Although he did market research before starting, the business wasn't very good because his taste in fashion wasn't accepted by customers. The shop eventually closed down after half a year. After experiencing a big loss, he decided to do something he was familiar with --- selling painting tools. As a fine arts student, he knew the market. He convinced his friends to invest one million yuan in his shop. With a good business mind and a lot of effort, the sales of the shop reached six million yuan in a year. Even though Luo is rich, he uses a cheap cell phone and does not wear luxury  clothes. He has a simple lifestyle. \"It isn't easy to make money, so money should be used on something worthwhile,\" he said. \n Answer: He didn't have enough money to buy beautiful dresses.",
            "output": [
                "Why wasn't the dress shop successful?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-da9244060c014cdb860a4960f067d185",
            "input": "Article: There is a big question making the rounds  among the parents at my daughter's class. Should the kids refer to the parents' friends as \"Mr. Jones\" or \"Mrs. Smith\", rather than using their first names? I was quite shocked, having come from a home where it would have been unheard of to refer to one of my parents' friends by their first names. This was reserved for only the closest of family friends and  s, and even they always had \"Aunt\" or \"Uncle\" in front their name.     Respect is something that is earned. Unlike many of the other virtues we try to nurture in our kids, respect is a bit more complicated. It is not only necessary when dealing well with others, but the virtue of self-respect is critical for kids to succeed and feel good about themselves and their choices throughout their lives.     There are several factors that can have a big impact on kids and their ability to be respectful. The first one to consider is manners. Calling adults by their surnames, setting proper examples during sporting events and while driving, and how we talk to each other in our homes all can have an enormous effect on a child's concept of respect and how important it is. Many of these seemingly trivial ideas have become almost outdated, but one should seriously consider the value of these ideas before casting(          ) them aside. It is easy to become unaware of these behaviors. Try to keep track of how often your child is subjected to  this kind of disrespect.     The media, as you may have guessed, plays a large part in the increase in disrespect. Movies are equally to blame, with a PG movie often containing an abundant amount of  _ language.     These factors and others all contribute to an alarming increase in disrespect in society. If we don't step in and change course, we will find living in a morally respectful culture unlikely. \n Answer: Such behavior sounds funny.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think of kids' referring to parents' friends by their first names?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81fc4aee6add4bcfa2a37218140eee30",
            "input": "Article: In 1997, a group of twenty British women made history. Working in five teams with four women in each team, they walked to the North Pole. Apart from one experienced female guide, the other women were all ordinary people who had never done anything like this in their lives before. They managed to survive in an environment which had defeated several very experienced men during the same time period.               The women set off as soon as they were ready. Once on the ice, each woman had to ski along while dragging a sledge weighing over 50 kilos. The temperature was always below the freezing point and sometimes strong winds made walking while pulling so much weight almost impossible. It was also very difficult for them to put up their tents when they stopped each night. In such conditions, the women were making good progress if they covered fourteen or fifteen kilometers a day. But there was another problem. Part of the journey was across a frozen sea with moving water underneath the ice and at some points the team would drift back more than five kilometers during the night. That meant that after walking in these very severe conditions for ten hours on one day, they had to spend part of the next day covering the same ground again. Furthermore, each day it took three hours from waking up to setting off and another three hours every evening to set up the camp and prepare the evening meal.               So, how did they manage to succeed? They realized that they were part of a team. If any one  of them didn't pull her sledge or get her job done, she would endanger the success of the whole expedition.  Any form of selfishness could result in the efforts of everyone else being completely wasted, so personal Feelings had to be put on one side. At the end of their journey, the women agreed that it was mental effort far more than physical fitness that got them to the North Pole. \n Answer: The women had not met one another before.",
            "output": [
                "What was so extraordinary about the expedition?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ba41931b6c84e1eb650d93c5f387158",
            "input": "Article: Although in 1947 we were still very new to the atomic age,  we knew about mushroom clouds. A huge crack spread across the library wall upstairs, sending teachers and students screaming down the hall. Had a new world war started? Pale-faced, our young science teacher quickly organized us for a fire drill. We huddled in little groups on the beach side of the school grounds and watched the spreading cloud darken the bright spring sky. Rumors flew every which way, although two hours would pass before we got the full story.One rumor we heard was that the Texas City Monsanto Chemical plant had blown up; children whose parents worked there began to weep. I froze--that was where my father was working that day. The school bell called us back inside, and we were dismissed to find our way home the best way we could. I-d walked a quarter of the three-mile trip to my home when a car horn startled me to attention. My Uncle Barney pulled up alongside me in his old Ford. The instant I saw him, I knew my father was gone. Otherwise, Papa would have come for me himself. As if in slow motion from a great distance, Uncle Barney motioned for me to get in. Numb with grief,  I crawled into the back seat.  I barely took notice of the man sitting there, and didn't recognize him until he reached for me.  When Papa put his strong arms around me, I forgot for a moment that Cherokees  aren't supposed to cry. Many of my fellow students lost their parents in the explosion.  Tragedy would one day come to our family, as it inevitably comes to all, but on the day Texas City blew up, it miraculously passed us by. Because he lost his keys on that April morning, as he explained, my father lived for another 32 years-we were to have a second lifetime forever. \n Answer: He acted quickly.",
            "output": [
                "How did the science teacher react to the accident?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-22f202807b4947259afa8e5c80ce0b15",
            "input": "Article: Is it important for teenagers to own the latest cell-phone models? There are different ways of looking at this question. First, why do teenagers need to have the latest models? Often it's just to show off. The paradox is that there are many teenagers who own the latest cell-phone models but don't even know how to use them properly. This is true. They just want one because their friends have similar ones, or because they take very good videos and photos. On the other hand, if they do know how to use them, the latest cell phones are really good. They not only help teens to stay in touch with friends and family, but also help them to access the Internet and download pictures, videos or music they need when studying. These new phones are so powerful that having one is almost like having a whole library in your pocket. It's an instant   source of information that helps young people get the latest news. But many parents, thinking only of such positive sides, do not take into consideration the potential dangers. For example, children may constantly be distracted  during class by sending and receiving text messages. Each young generation loves the new technologies available --just think back to when you were a kid. But your job as a parent is to make sure your child gets the most out of this technology with the least possible harm. \n Answer: That the latest cell phone models are becoming very popular with teenagers.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c047caf7ca0d47ec928e5ae6284bd250",
            "input": "Article: I was saved from sin  when I was going on thirteen. But not really saved. It happened like this. There was a big revival  at my Auntie Reed's church. Then just before the revival ended, they held a special meeting for children, \"to bring the young lambs to the fold \". My aunt spoke of it for days ahead. That night I was accompanied to the front row and placed on the mourners' bench with all the other young sinners, who had not yet been brought to Jesus. My aunt told me that when you were saved you saw a light, and something happened to you inside! And Jesus came into your life! And God was with you from then on! She said you could see and hear and feel Jesus in your soul. I believed her. So I sat there calmly in the hot, crowded church, waiting for Jesus to come to me. I wanted to see him, but nothing happened to me. Nothing! I wanted something to happen to me, but nothing happened. Now it was really getting late. So I decided that maybe to save further trouble, I'd better lie and say that Jesus had come, and get up and be saved. So I get up. The whole room broke into a sea of shouting and my aunt threw her arms around me. The minister took me by the hand and led me to the platform. That night I cried. I cried, in bed alone, and couldn't stop. My aunt woke up and told my uncle I was crying because the Holy Ghost had come into my life, and because I had seen Jesus. But I was really crying because I couldn't bear to tell her that I had lied, that I had deceived everyone in the church, that I hadn't seen Jesus, and that now I didn't believe there was a Jesus any more, since he didn't come to help me. \n Answer: She could see God with her own eyes",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the writer's aunt?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e4bd02759eb4eb6a6efe5a4cb47183f",
            "input": "Article: \"You know, Chihuahuas aren't actual dogs. They're a kind of fox,\" announced a woman at a party. This woman entirely believed that Chihuahuas are the descendants   of the Fennec fox. Many people might believe this: Chihuahuas are similar to foxes in their appearance with long-haired Chihuahuas appearing almost indistinguishable from their wild counterparts . The idea that Chihuahuas are related to foxes isn't uncommon. Even the American Kennel Club, which is usually a highly respected source of information, accepts the belief and the similarity between Chihuahuas and Fennec foxes. Interesting as it is to imagine that Chihuahuas are a breed   of the fox, this idea simply can't hold water. Chihuahuas are, in fact, far more closely related to dingoes  or wolves than they are to Fennec foxes. Like other dogs, Chihuahuas are able to breed with other members within the same species. The Fennec fox is a member of a different species. Chihuahuas and Fennec foxes are fairly distantly related just like a cat and a tiger are. Their similarities occur only because of a phenomenon known as convergent evolution , in which animals develop similar features to meet similar biological needs.  A simple observation of geography further denies the idea that Fennec foxes and Chihuahuas are related. While the Fennec fox was living in the deserts of Africa, the Chihuahua came from Mexico, where it got its common name. Its closest living  s are other native Central and South American breeds. Its ancestor, the now nearly-extinct Mexican gray wolf, is also a much closer   to the Chihuahua than any other fox. It is common to consider the cute Chihuahua as a little Fennec fox adapted to life, but this theory is not true. Chihuahuas are domestic  dogs to the same degree as other dogs. Much as a Chihuahua might look like a fox, it is--and always will be--a dog. \n Answer: They partly have the features of foxes in appearance.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the woman say Chihuahuas are a kind of fox?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ed50d87d72fd49129c12640940698c9a",
            "input": "Article: Almost everyone accepts the fact that crime can never be wiped out entirely. Thus control of crime becomes the focus of police and government around the world. The question lawmakers must answer is, \"Which system of criminal punishment works best for society?\" Each country has developed its own ideas for solution to this question, and these solutions then determine how criminals are punished under different systems. However, none of the current system in use has proved 100 percent effective. There are many ideas about punishment of criminals. Some systems look only to get retribution against criminals. These systems work to frighten criminals away from repeating a crime in the future. These systems also try to deter others in society by using the criminal as an example of what can happen to a person if he or she is caught committing crimes. Rehabilitation is another philosophy by which many systems of punishment operate. The goal of these systems is to return a former criminal to society after a required period of treatment and training, usually in prisons. The idea is to help change the person's behavior so that he or she becomes a law-abiding citizen. Capital punishment is another form of punishment which systems use in extreme criminal cases, sometimes involving such crimes as a murder, rape, and violent theft. In these cases, the person is put to death. Today, capital punishment is used in relatively few countries. Many countries have done away with it. In other words, capital punishment remains only in officially law books but is rarely used. However, capital punishment remains in use in some countries including the United States. When looking at the number of crimes committed, the effectiveness of any of these forms of punishment comes into question. In the United States, for example, 80 percent of the people arrested each year are male, and the majority of these are young men or boys. One-third of all auto thefts, robberies, and burglaries are committed by young men under the age of 18. Generally, young people have less responsibility in society, so they risk losing little if they are caught in a criminal activity. However, it can also be argued that today's youthful criminals do not fear the punishment they receive if caught by police. Current methods of criminal punishment do not serve the purpose of deterring young criminals in the United States. A major problem with the current system of rehabilitation in the United Stated is that most criminals return to crime after they have supposedly been rehabilitated. Two-thirds of those caught by police each year are repeat criminals. As a result of this fact, many people feel that rehabilitation of criminals is a lost cause. Since the late 1970s, many see retribution as a preferred punishment in criminal cases in the United States. \n Answer: Control of crime",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c245a41365e1406f86ef69ae4f2668ac",
            "input": "Article: Since I became a full--time freelancer , I've found one of the hardest things to do is to get up early. Without the danger of being fired, there just hasn't been a lot of motivation  to get out of bed. I've quickly learned that getting up is the key to success and better yet: waking up early is really just a habit. The most important thing to keep in mind is that you must have strong reasons to get out of bed. Motivation is the only thing keeping us from lying in bed all day. Writing down all the big and important things you'll do the next day can give you an extra push in your goal to wake up early and quickly. Don't read in bed. Spending as little time as possible in bed will actually help your body realize that the bed is for sleeping, and not for lying awake for hours. The goal of reading in bed is just to help you fall asleep within 10 minutes. Stress is one of the main causes of poor sleep. Relax yourself before getting into bed. Try controlled breathing exercises or yoga to lower your stress level. These are just a few ways you can use to wake up earlier. Finding the best way is the most important, and it requires a little work. The key thing is that waking up should be a pleasant experience. If you can make waking up something you are looking forward to, you're already halfway on your journey toward becoming an early riser. \n Answer: He has difficulty getting up early.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c49249fd4cca4dc9becf9b75aeb4b9f6",
            "input": "Article: Father upset by   Manchester school's 'Victorian' wall of shame Josie Robinson, who appeared on a so-called wall of shame at her school in south Manchester, was in tears. Her father has hit out at the \"Victorian\" methods.  Chorlton High School put up pictures of year 10 pupils who teachers believed had behaved badly. Children singled out for praise were placed on the wall of fame. Its head teacher said the scheme   was designed to motivate pupils.  Carlo Robinson, whose daughter Josie was put on the wall after missing lessons, wants to make a complaint. The teenager had been missing school and turning up late because she was upset that her mother was ill. She said: \" I thought it was embarrassing.\"  Mr Robinson added: \"She was in tears. She couldn't tell me at first - it took her about an hour- because she wasn't sure what I would think of it. When she told me I was really shocked. I contacted at least 20 friends and they all agreed it was wrong - it's like Victorian times.\" Head teacher Andy Park said: \"We've successfully used a similar scheme in the past with Year 11 students to  _ pupils and it really did make a difference - pupils took it in the right spirit and were motivated by it to improve their performance. Obviously this latest scheme wasn't intended to cause offence to pupils. It was actually developed to praise the students moving forwards successfully and to support pupils who needed to make improvements. No parents have complained directly to the school and I'd be very happy to meet with any parents to discuss further.\" Mr Robinson told the reporter he had contacted the school to schedule a meeting with the head teacher. \n Answer: The methods are totally out of time.",
            "output": [
                "What does Mr. Robinson mean by saying this is the \"Victorian\" methods?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f088e88b4144371bdf62252a6a1259d",
            "input": "Article: Our planet was born some billions of years ago. Ever since this planet has developed, it has surprised us human beings. No matter how much we human beings have developed technologically, we cannot ever create this kind of natural planet. The human race can only discover some amazing facts about it. Let us find out what some of them are. On September 13, 1922 El Azizia, a place in Libya, recorded a temperature of 136 degrees Fahrenheit. This was the highest temperature ever measured   on the planet Earth. The highest waterfall in the world is Angel Falls in Venezuela, which drops from an amazing height of 3,212 feet. The waterfall drops over the edge of Auyantepui in the Canaima National Park. The gravitational pull   of the Earth can be escaped if someone moves at a speed of 6.95 miles per second. At such a speed, one could travel from New York to Philadelphia in just 20 seconds. If the entire water in the world's oceans evaporated, the salt we got from these oceans could cover the entire planet with a 500-foot deep layer of salt. The deepest lake on Earth is Lake Baikal in Russia. Lake Baikal is the largest freshwater lake in the world, containing about 20% of the world's unfrozen surface fresh water. The Andes in South America spreads over 4,525 miles. This is the longest mountain range   in the world. Did you know that the biggest valley in the world is the Grand Valley in Mesa County, Colorado and Grand County, Utah? It is about 30 miles (48 km) long and 5 miles (8 km) wide, along the Colorado River. The amazing facts about the earth are too many to be told completely above. \n Answer: At the Oregon-Idaho border.",
            "output": [
                "Where is the longest mountain range in the world?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aabd2b0649c4457e8a3edecb977a2530",
            "input": "Article: Linda was kind of late. Linda, 25, had a lot to do at work, plus visitors on the way: her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But as she hurried down the subway stairs, she started to feel uncomfortably warm. By the time she got to the platform, Linda felt weak and tired -- maybe it hadn't been a good idea to give blood the night before, she thought. She rested herself against a post close to the tracks. Several yards away, Frank, 43, and his girlfriend, Jennifer, found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop. They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying. But when he heard the scream, followed by someone yelling, \"Oh, my God, she fell in!\"Frank didn't hesitate. He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails. \"No ! Not you ! \"his girlfriend screamed after him. She was right to be alarmed. By the time Frank reached Linda, he could feel the tracks shaking and see the light coming. The train was about 20 seconds from the station. It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the arms and drag her away from the edge. That was where Linda briefly regained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground, and saw someone else holding her purse. Linda thought she'd been robbed. A woman held her hand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the blood pouring from her head. And she tried to talk but she couldn't, and that was when she realized how much pain she was in. Police and fire officials soon arrived, and Frank told the story to an officer. Jennifer said her boyfriend was calm on their 40minute train ride downtown--just as he had been seconds after the rescue, which made her think about her reaction at the time. \"I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die, \" she explained. \n Answer: She had donated blood the night before.",
            "output": [
                "What was the most probable cause for Linda's weakness?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0012fbaa4af04b2fae5c26891602bb45",
            "input": "Article: John had been on a business trip for three weeks. It was coming up on Mother's Day, and he usually tried to go back home, but this time he was too tired. He was in a small town outside of Little Rock when he drove by a flower shop. He decided to send his mother some roses. He went into the shop and saw a young man talking to the florist. \"How many roses can I get for six dollars, ma'am?\" the boy asked. The florist tried to explain that roses were expensive. Maybe he should be happy with carnations . \"No, I have to have roses,\" he said, \"My mom was sick so much last year and I had little time with her. It has to be red roses, 'cause that's her favourite.\" The florist shook her head. John was touched by the boy, who wanted to get those roses so badly. John looked at the florist and silently mouthed that he would pay for the boy's roses. Then the florist said, \"Ok, I will give you a dozen red roses for your six dollars.\" The young man almost jumped into the air. He took the flowers and ran from the store. It was worth the extra thirty-five dollars just to see that kind of excitement. John ordered his own flowers and had the florist be sure that delivery would include a note telling his mother how much he loved her. Then he drove away from the shop. As he waited at the light, he saw the young man crossing the street and enter a park through two huge gates. Suddenly, he realized it wasn't a park. It was a cemetery . The light changed, and John slowly crossed the road, parked his car and got out to follow the boy down the fence. The boy stopped by a small monument and went on his knee. He carefully laid the roses on the ground and cried, \"Mommy, why didn't I tell you how much I love you?, Jesus, please. Tell my mommy I love her.\" John turned, tears in his eyes, and walked back to his car. He drove quickly to the flower shop and told the florist he would take the flowers personally. \n Answer: He decided to order some roses.",
            "output": [
                "Why did John go into the flower shop?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b617c83261594afba4b7859e149a9e8b",
            "input": "Article: At the beginning of every year we promise ourselves we will live a healthier life, and exercise more. The year tarts with the best of intentions, but many times we are unable to keep up with very high goals. Good news is that a healthy lifestyle is achievable and it's all about making small changes that make a difference. News on healthy lifestyles says that the key is moderation and consistency. There are so many health and well-being products out there in the market promising many things. And although many may be true, select carefully. The basics of a healthy lifestyle is maintaining a balanced diet and doing regular exercise. By eating well, it means really to make sure you include plenty of vegetables and fruit preferably in season in your diet, avoid fried and junk foods and foods high in sugar as well as processed foods. Eating fresh homemade meals rather than ready-made meals which are high in salt and sugar is always the better option. Reducing alcohol intake, drinking plenty of water and supplementing your diet with healthy snacks like nuts and seeds. For external care choose natural skin care products and hair care oil. Natural beauty care involves using natural moisturizers like Argan oil, Coconut oil and Sweet Almond oil. These nourish the skin far more than counter creams full of chemicals. Skin reflects what we put inside of us, so a healthy diet with plenty of greens and healthy protein will make your skin brighter. Of course exercise is essential but the key is regular and consistent exercise. So walking three times a week for 45 minutes is much more beneficial than a binge workout once a week. \n Answer: The reason isn't given in the passage.",
            "output": [
                "Why can't we keep up with our goals according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1c9ce74920b74aa6868cd4d9bb9c575d",
            "input": "Article: Consider yourself warned. Sunday is April Fools' Day, a day when you are encouraged to play tricks on loved ones and even the people you meet at the bus stop. It's a strange tradition, but how did it get started? Nobody is completely sure about the origin of this, the silliest of holidays. However, the urban legend experts at Snopes. com say that most experts owe it to Pope Gregory XIII, who, in the 1500s, gave the world the Gregorian calendar. In 1562, the Gregorian calendar moved the first day of the year from April l to January l.  Word did eventually get around, but some people were a bit slow to hear the news. These folks continued celebrating the new year on April l , unaware that they were now three months behind the times. These \"April fools\" were tricked by those who knew it. The tradition eventually made its way to the US. And it's still going strong. Over the past week, Web searches on \" April Fools'  Day jokes\"  and \" April Fools' Day tricks\" have more than doubled, and related lookups for \"easy April Fools' Day tricks\" and \"April Fools' Day jokes for work\" have also increased greatly. Bottom line: Keep your guard up,  especially if somebody offers you a word search puzzle. Lookups for \"impossible April Fools' Day word searches\" are up by 200%. But really, there is no way to be certain you'll escape trickery because even companies are out to trick you on April l. In 1957, the BBC reported Swiss farmers were harvesting spaghetti   from trees.  And in 1996,  Taco Bell took out ads in major newspapers announcing that the company had purchased the Liberty Bell and renamed it the Taco Liberty Bell. \n Answer: To stress the importance of April Fools' Day.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's purpose of writing the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9eed876863d4495a9e614cee40fd3ebe",
            "input": "Article: It is reported that today in China, 50% of people who write blogs do so as a personal diary and 83% use their blogs for sending messages to friends. It is also found that there is a strong East-West difference. In places like the US, blogs that offer information on news attract more readers but in China, blogs are more likely to be about sharing personal feelings. It seems that bloggers can be divided into three types: IT bloggers, bloggers who record their ordinary feelings and media bloggers. When blogging first started, the IT people had the technological advantage and they took the chance to put their thoughts on the web. Some of these IT people read their blogs. The next wave of bloggers did not have any training as writes or in IT and wrote about normal daily life. Media bloggers, however, are trained writers, such as journalists and editors. When the many media bloggers showed up, the everyday blogs lost most of their readers. Media bloggers have the advantage of knowing how to communicate well through the written word. However, the normal bloggers are still out there and increasing in number. It seems that blogging is the new way to express your feelings. People feel like the world is listening to, or rather reading, their problems, even if they are not . \n Answer: A school textbook.",
            "output": [
                "What type of text is this?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cdc4461e174f4dde9abd3c24751290df",
            "input": "Article: The election is over. The celebrations have ended. And the work for prefix = st1 /USpresident-elect Barack Obama has begun. The 47-year-old politician rose to the highest place because he was against the war inIraqand he planned to fix the difficult economy. But what will the first African-American president do for race relations?   Obama's victory appears to have given blacks and other minorities a true national role model. For years, many looked to athletes, musicians and pop stars for inspiration. As Darius Turner, an African-American high school student in Los Angeles, told the Los Angeles Times, \"Kobe (the basketball player) doesn't have to be everyone's role model anymore.\" A USA Today survey found that two-thirds of Americans believe relations between blacks and whites \"will eventually be worked out\". This is the most hopeful answer since the question was first asked in 1963.   However, it's still too early to tell whether Obama's presidency will solve many of the social problems facing low-income black families.   It's unlikely that Obama will be able to  _ such trends overnight.   However, Bil Banks, an expert of African-American Studies, says that young blacks need to find role models to follow. \"That's not Martin Luther King, and not Barack Obama,\" he told the Los Angeles Times. \"It's actually the people closest to them. Barack only has so much influence.\"   In the opinion of black British politician Trevor Phillips, Obama's rise will contribute more to multiculturalism than to race relations in the US. \n Answer: He was against the war and tried to improve economy.",
            "output": [
                "For what reason did Obama win the election?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-40228390052049e392f24ca7e39bdb03",
            "input": "Article: It's not the flashiest car in the world. Not even close. But the 1971 Volkswagen named Helios can do something most cars can't: nm on solar energy - energy from the sun's light and heat!     Joshua Bechtold, 14, and the other students at the Riverside School in Lyndonville, Vermont, worked many months to getHeliosready for the 1999 American Tour de Sol ( \"Sol\" is the Latin word for \"sun\"). They named their car after Helios, the sun god in Greek mythology .     The 4-year-old Tour de Sol encourages the use of \"green\", or environmentally friendly, cars to help reduce pollution and save energy. It' s not a race. Cars are  judged on fuel efficiency  rather than speed. In the week-long event, 44 cars took the 350-mile tour from Waterbury, Connecticut, to prefix = st1 /Lake George,New York. Of the 23 student cars, Helios was the only one built by middle school students.     A teacher droveHelios, but the children talked with people wherever they stopped along the mad. \"That was my favorite part,\" says Anna Browne, 15. \"We explained how the car runs.\"     Due in part to old, inefficient batteries , Heliosfinished fourth - out of four - in its kind, the sun-powered class. \"We were there for the fun of it,\" Anna says. \"We're proud ofHelios,\" says Ariel Gleicher, 14. \"It's a car that's good for the environment.\" \n Answer: It was built by middle school students.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about the car Helios in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae344dc6f061457ca2329fc54645e8b6",
            "input": "Article: In today's China, exchanges between Chinese and English-speakers are increasingly frequent. English skills are important to Chinese if China wishes to play a stronger role on the world stage. However, the general English level of the Chinese people is on the decline. China's ranking in the 2015 EF English Proficiency Index dropped 10 drops. The Middle Kingdom was ranked 47th out of 70 countries rated, and is now _ several Latin American countries. The report triggered widespread discussion in China: in an increasingly international nation, why is the peoples' level of English getting worse? A decline in the English level of the Chinese people is no accident. With China's exam-based education system, worsening English is inevitable. English education in China is too focused on grammar and ignored oral practice. This results in students that are often too scared to speak, for fear of making a mistake. Exam-based courses make it so students merely learn for the test, not learn the language. In Latin America, nations do not have a rigorous exam system for English, but focus on promoting the language itself. Such programs that promote English include Chile's \"English Opens Doors\" program, Panama's \"Panama Bilingual Education Program,\" and Mexico's \"10 Million People Plan.\" Brazil, which also has a government program, is ranked first in the region for English. The Chinese government should first think about how to reduce the amount of pressure on students taking exams in order to promote change in the current system of rote English education. This is the most important step. Everyone has been recently focused on overseas returnees. The number of Chinese studying abroad has rapidly multiplied in past years. At the same time, the number of overseas returnees is increasing as well. The job market is also increasingly competitive for them and it is often more difficult for returnees to find a suitable job than it is for domestic graduates. Difficulties and pressure in the job market for overseas returnees deters a number of Chinese from studying abroad. As a result, the number of Chinese with high-level English, carefully perfected abroad, has been reduced. This could be a major reason for why English is getting worse overall in China. While China's overall level of English has declined, it has not affected China's huge emphasis on English education and training. China remains one of the nations that is most committed to the study of English. \n Answer: To analyze the reasons why China's general English level is on the decline.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer want to do with this article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d2bece59ae244458a01a0556651bb9a6",
            "input": "Article: What to do if you don't feel popular? *Try to take part in activities. Call your friends. Plan to do something. The worst feeling is staying home alone, because it makes you feel even more lonely. *Try to make new friends. Choose friends carefully, not just because you think they're popular. And remember, making good friends takes time. Choosing a popular person to be friends with is okay. If they are nice. *Be yourself . If you want to become friends with someone who's popular, don't make yourself into someone you are not just to impress that person. *Be nice. Be friendly. Be outgoing . But don't overdo it!Talk to trusted friends if you are feeling really bad. Or you might want to write it down in a journal or diary. *Do something special for yourself. You could take pictures of your friends, or collect their school pictures, and take a collage to hang on your wall. This will remind you, when you are feeling unpopular, that you really do have friends. *Think up your own ideas. These suggestions might not work for everyone. What to do if you have a problem with your teacher? *Talk to your parents, or another adult who will listen to you and perhaps can help. Talk to your friends. Maybe they have had problems with the same teacher, too. *Don't give the teacher a reason to have problems with you. Do your work, complete your task, attend the class seriously and take notes. Maybe you just need to give the teacher a chance . *Try to find out what the problem is. *Talk to the teacher if you feel comfortable doing this. Don't be nasty , but express your concerns . Listen to the teacher, as well. *Just accept the fact that you're not going to love all your teachers. \n Answer: Not liked by our classmates or workmates.",
            "output": [
                "What do we mean by saying\" not feeling popular\" ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c87e1ee9c4b24778a2feeef656fad8de",
            "input": "Article: The Ancient Town of Fenghuang, one of China's most well-known ancient towns, was under water as heavy rain hit the center of the country, with tens of thousands of people leaving from the area. Heavy rain and floods  lasted for the past few days. Waters in the nearby Tuojiang River rose by almost one meter above warning level , causing heavy rainstorms. More than 120,000 local people and tourists have been helped to leave there because of the terrible _ . And more than 4,000 shops in the town have been shut. Several bridges on the Tuojiang River have been damaged or destroyed. Water has flowed  into many bars, restaurants and hotels in its ancient town, and electricity in the ancient town has been cut off. About 128,000 people have been affected by the floods. Though the heavy rains have stopped, but the popular tourist spot remains closed for local people's safety. A shoe shop owner named Kuang said the flood was the worst the town had experienced. \"The floods came so quickly that I didn't have time to move the shoes,\" he said sadly. \"The flood has led to Fenghuang old town becoming a water town.\" said a post on a discussion page on the topic set up on Sina Weibo, a Chinese version of Twitter. \"We could only live in an old factory now where many homeless people have to stay together. The crowded space is full of sadness.\" Tang said. At least 14 people were killed in flooding in Hunan Province and the neighboring province of Jiangxi and region of Guangxi last month, Xinhua reported. \n Answer: Because of the serious flood.",
            "output": [
                "Why did many people try to leave the Ancient Town of Fenghuang?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ed6581c0311a4aeab76dc3c0021b7b23",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever been to the following places? If not, try to find a chance to visit them. Fez, Morocco  Fez, about 240 miles northeast from Marrakesh,a wonderful scene is taking root slowly. It started with immigrants building castles, and continues as hotels and restaurants. The biggest news is that the Hotel Sahrai is completed with a bar and 50 rooms, many overlooking a pool.  Catskills, New York  The region that welcomed Jewish families in the 50s,hippies in the 60s, and soon, casino gamblers  . Many stylish B&Bs have opened. Among them are the Hotel Dylan in Woodstock, the Arnold House in Livingston Manor,with its bar and diminutive spa  . So now is the time to enjoy fly-fishing, hiking and other peaceful experiences. Rotterdam, Netherlands  The constantly unfolding city center in Rotterdam has become one amazing explosion of style, which surprised the tourists greatly. The latest attraction, and reason enough to visit, is the MVRDV-designed Markthal, an igloo  -like horseshoe that houses 20 shops, nine restaurants, and 228 apartments. It also happens to be Holland' s largest artwork. Chengdu, China  Famous for its 1,600 pandas, most of which still live in the wild, Chengdu has introduced a 72-hour no-visa policy that makes it easier for Americans to drop in on one of the city' s three major panda research facilities. But it' s worth sticking around longer to experience what' s doing in Chengdu, a city on the rise. One of the shiniest attractions is New Century Global Centre, the world' s largest building, complete with an artificial beach. \n Answer: Join the local people in building castles.",
            "output": [
                "What can a tourist do in Catskills?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-74a253822ea74e0c9e2f20cba987373c",
            "input": "Article: Do Americans have morals  ? That's a good question. Many people insist that ideas about right and wrong are merely personal opinions. Some voices, though, are calling Americans back to traditional moral values. William J. Bennett, former U.S. Secretary of Education, edited the Book of Virtues in 1993 to do just that. Bennett suggests that great moral stories can build character. The success of Bennett ' s book shows that many Americans still believe in moral values. But what are they?     One of the most basic moral values for Americans is honesty. The well-known legend about George Washington and the cherry tree tells this value clearly. Little George cut down his father's favorite cherry tree while trying out his new axe. When his father asked him about it, George said honestly, \"I can not tell a lie. I did it with my axe.\" Instead of punishment, George received his father's praise for telling the truth.  Sometimes American honesty-being open and direct-can offend people.  But Americans still believe that \"honesty is the best policy.\"      Another virtue Americans respect is perseverance. Remember Aesop's fable( )about the rabbit and the turtle that had a race? The rabbit thought he could win easily, so he took a nap. But the turtle finally won because he didn't give up.      Sympathy may be the queen of American virtues. The story of \"The Good Samaritan\" from the Bible describes a man who showed sympathy. On his way to a certain city, a Samaritan man found a poor traveler lying on the road. The traveler had been beaten and robbed. The kind Samaritan, instead of just passing by, stopped to help this person in need.      In no way can these brief descriptions cover all the moral values honored by Americans. Responsibility, loyalty, courage, gratitude and many others could be discussed. In fact, Bennett's bestseller-over 800 pages-highlights just 10 virtues. Even Bennett admits that he has only covered the surface. But no matter how long or short the list is, moral values are invaluable, they are the foundation of American culture-and any culture. \n Answer: Ten",
            "output": [
                "At least how many kinds of moral virtues does the writer list in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e630c0f6a00f4a4a97d7014cf189dc4d",
            "input": "Article: Dyslexia is a learning disorder, it interferes with the ability to recognise words, and for some readers to understand what they have read. Experts say dyslexia affects about five to ten percent of the population of the United State. Researchers have long known that people with dyslexia write or read words and letters backwards in the wrong order. But a new study shows that people with dyslexia may have trouble redirecting  their attention between senses, from seeing something to hearing something. The study suggests something that might help dyslexic people learn more quickly - play video games. Vanessa Harrar of Britain's University of Oxford led the study. She reported the findings in the journal Current Biology. The study suggests that dyslexic people may have trouble moving quickly from what they read to what they hear. Doctor Harrar calls this a \" _ shifting of attention across the senses.\" \"So, if you are trying to read something and then trying to listen to somebody who's reading aloud and you're trying to follow along with what they are reading -- they have to switch their attention from hearing what they are saying to looking at the piece of paper and back again. So we found they have quite sluggish shifting of attention across the senses,\" said Harrar. In the study, Doctor Harrar tested 17 people with dyslexia, and 19 others without reading problems. The volunteers were asked to push a button as quickly as possible when they heard a sound, saw a light or experienced both together. Doctor Harrar compared the speed of their reactions. She found that people with dyslexia were just as fast as the others when they saw only a picture or heard only a sound. But the dyslexics had a slower reaction time when they heard a sound and saw a picture at the same time. Doctor Harrar feels like playing action video games could help dyslexic people shift from seeing to hearing more quickly. She adds that images in video games force the eyes to move and focus quickly. \"Video game types of things pop out of here and there, they move your eyes around the screen quite quickly in response to things quite quickly, and the more you play a video game the faster you get that kind of thing. So, the video game is really training the attention system to move quickly,\" said Harrar. The study also shows that dyslexic people have the most difficulty going between what they saw and what they heard, this may have an effect on how dyslexic children are taught how to read. When children learn the alphabet,they usually see the letter first and then hear the sound, or they see and hear the letter at the same time. The study shows that dyslexics might learn more quickly if they hear the sound of a letter or word first before seeing it. \n Answer: Study Suggests Video Games Might Help Dyslexics",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aae6f4ad6ad247eba621f9ca9740236d",
            "input": "Article: \"Old wives tales\" are beliefs passed down from one generation to another, For example, most of us remember our patents' telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration Eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40%. Garlic is good for you, too. It can kill the type of virus that causes colds. Unfortunately, not all of Mom's advice passed the test of medical studies. For example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. But research suggests that there is no danger in doing so. Do sweets cause tooth problems? Well, yes and no. sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars. Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don't hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives' tales, After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated   from thousands of our traditional beliefs don't hold water should respect this body of knowledge even as research for clear scientific support to proven it true or false \n Answer: Sticky sweets are damaging to our teeth",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-064fb22879dd4129a2c12dfa20ae0303",
            "input": "Article: \"The Boxtrolls\" From Laika Entertainment, the animation house behind \"Coraline\" and \"ParaNorman\" comes, \"The Boxtrolls,\" adapted from the children's book \"Here Be Monsters!\" by Alan Snow. The movie, about a boy who is raised by unusual creatures, features the voices of Ben Kingsley, Simon Pegg and Elle Fanning. Opens Sept. 26. Area theatres. \"Awake and Sing!\" Olney presents the 1935 comic drama by Clifford Odets about a Brooklyn family struggling through the Great Depression. Step. 24 through Oct. 19. Olney Theatre Center, 2001 Olney-Sandy Spring Rd., Olney. 301-924-3400.www.olneytheatre.org. $38.50-63.50. Fiesta DC Celebrate the city's Latino culture with a parade, dance, music and more. Sept. 21. Parade: 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. Constitution Avenue from Seventh Street NW to 14thStreet NW. Festival: Noon to 7 p.m. Pennsylvania Avenue, between Ninth and 14thstreets NW. 202-489-7141.www.fiestadc. org. \"On Paper: Alternate Realities\" The 26 pieces by American artists, including Raymond Pettibon and lona Rozeal Brown, take inspiration from popular culture, using art to explore dark themes. Through April 12. Baltimore Museum of Art, 10 Art Museum Dr., Baltimore. 443-573-17000. www. artma. org. \"Untitled: The Art of James Castle\" A self-taught artist from rural Idaho, Castle used whatever was available-newspaper, coal, sticks-to create buildings, landscapes, people and more. Sept.26 through Feb.1. American Art Museum, Eighth and F streets NW. 202-633-1000. www. americanart. si. edu. Neo-impressionism at the Phillips \"Neo-impressionism and the Dream of Realities: Painting, Poetry, Music\" displays works by artists such as Georges Seurat, who presented stylized landscapes and people. Sept. 27 through Jan. 11. Phillips Collection, 1600 21stSt. NW. 202-387-2151. www. phillipscollection. org. $ 12; $ 10 for students and senitors; free for age 18 and younger. \"Driving Miss Daisy\" Ford's Theatre starts its season with the Pulitzer Prize winner about the decades-long relationship between an aging woman and her black driver in Atlanta. Washington stage actors Nancy Robinette and Craig Wallace perform in this beloved classic. Sept. 26 through Oct. 26. Ford's Theatre, 511 10thSt. NW. 202-347-4833. www. fordstheatre. org. $20-$62. \n Answer: \"The Boxtrolls.\"",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may attract kids most?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3b7f24f151de4cd2b8a49943acb81a86",
            "input": "Article: Shopping is not as simple as you think! There are all sorts of tricks at play each time we reach out for that particular brand of product on the shelf. Coloring, for example, varies according to what the producers are trying to sell. Health foods are packages in greens, yellows or browns because we think of these as healthy colors. Ice cream packets are often blue and expensive foods, like chocolates, are gold and silver. When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that _ because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package because we think of it as safe, and white as calm. The size of a product can attract a shopper. But quite often a bottle doesn't contain as much as it appears to. It is believed that the better-known companies spend, on average, 70 percent of the total cost of the product itself on packaging. The most successful producers know that it's not enough to have a good product. The founder of Pears soap, who for 25 years has used pretty little girls to promote their goods, came to the conclusion: \"Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it.\" \n Answer: The brand name of the product.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may trick a shopper into buying a product according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d535208122ac4ec5983ef8ced3fafca8",
            "input": "Article: Monty Hempel is a professor of environmental sciences at Redlands University in California. He studies ecological literacy--or ecoliteracy, for short. Ecoliteracy is the ability to think about and understand the natural processes that make life possible. Monty Hempel says ecoliteracy gives people knowledge about environmental problems. But he says it does not always work to get them to change their behavior. Mr. Hempel wrote part of the Worldwatch Institute's latest State of the World report. He says in his article, \"Some people think that ecoliteracy is just a green form of science literacy. And what I have tried to ask is whether that's enough. In other words, what an ecologically-literate person needs to know might include things like the cycles and the flows, the energy systems, all of those kind of things that we would call the science of ecology. \" \"That doesn't seem to lead to action to protect our environment--to protect our life-support system to the level that we need to. Just because we know a lot about the environment doesn't mean that we actually act to save it. After all, actions speak louder than knowledge. \" He adds that people may not be very worried about environmental problems if they seem far away. \"Some people call it psychological distance. A lot of climate issues are worse in the Arctic and most of us don't spend time in the Arctic. And so, there's a certain distance. But there's also a distance that's happening in the world as it urbanizes--people spending more time in front of screens and less time out in nature. We become, if you will, disconnected from the natural systems that used to be the key to success for a human being. \" To help children discover the wonders of nature, he adds that children should learn about nature in school. But he also points out we have a high mountain for people to climb from knowledge to action. \n Answer: Action.",
            "output": [
                "What is especially important for environment protection in Mr. Hempel's opinion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bfaad65fa9654e39b0f385cdb81028f7",
            "input": "Article: Walking is so simple and convenient that it couldn't possibly count as exercise, right? Wrong. Study after study shows that regular walking can help you lose weight and reduce your risk of heart disease.  The study published in Diabetes Research in Clinical Practice shows that the blood pressure of the overweight men being tested improved and the amount of body fat greatly decreased. That's good news, because walking has now become the most popular fitness activity in the United States. Convenient, simple, and gentle on the joints, walking is perhaps the easiest form of exercise to maintain. According to a survey, four out of five women who start a walking program continue to walk, while half of women who attempt other types of aerobic exercise , such as swimming, drop out during the first few months.  Here are some basics for walking exercise.  Walk at a pace that makes you breathe heavily, but still able to talk.  Your goal, first and foremost, is to walk five days a week, 30 minutes a walk. Do that, and you are getting the base-level amount of exercise that research says should maintain your health and vigor . Walk for as long as you are comfortable the first week, even if it is just to your mailbox and back. Each following week, increase that amount by no more than 10 percent. Start every walk with five minutes of easy-paced walking, about the same pace at which you do shopping, to get your body warmed up. Then, cool down at the end of each walk with another five minutes of easy-paced walking. This allows your heart rate to gradually speed up and slow down. \n Answer: Walking as much as you can in the first week is suggested.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE about walking for exercise?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-186391256b764f81bf82e4761df6ea15",
            "input": "Article: This tour takes you back in history to a moment that \"will live in infamy  . \" Explore the historic artifacts at the Arizona Memorial Visitor Center commemorating  the attack on Pearl Harbor, then travel around beautiful Oahu on a Circle Island guided bus tour. The Arizona Memorial Visitor Center is Hawaii's number one visitor attraction. View the film of the attack on Pearl Harbor and browse the historic artifacts on display. Then ride the Navy launch across Pearl Harbor to visit the Arizona Memorial. Then, board a tour bus for a scenic trip around the island of Oahu. Get your cameras ready for the beautiful view over Windward Oahu at Nu'uanu Pali Lookout. Visit Byodo-In Temple, which is set against a picturesque mountain backdrop. You'll also see the famous North Shore surfing beaches of Sunset, Banzai Pipeline, and Waimea Bay and drive through rustic Haleiwa Town. Visit Dole Plantation and discover the history of Hawaii's pineapple industry before enjoying a no host lunch at the Polynesian Cultural Center (lunch is not included in the listed-price). Inclusions:   Scenic bus tour of Oahu island Film viewing at Arizona Memorial Visitor Center. Pearl Harbor Visit of Byodo-In Temple and Dole Plantation Available: Mon. --Fri. Hours of operation: 7 AM to 5 PM Note: Strict security measures forbid purses, handbags, fanny packs, backpacks, camera bags, diaper bags, luggage and/or other items. Visitors may bring a camera and cam-recorder. A storage facility, operated by a private vendor, is available for visitors coming to the USS Arizona Memorial, USS Bowfin Submarine Museum & Park, the Battleship Missouri and the Pacific Aviation Museum. \n Answer: To describe a wonderful tour in Oahu.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the passage above?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b803030b2cf64087b767983b9b0a5f8d",
            "input": "Article: In the second half of each year, many powerful storms are born in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean seas. Of these, only about half a dozen becomes the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that are called hurricanes, and several usually make their way to the coast. There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and bring death to large numbers of people. The great storms that hit the coast start as soft circling wind hundreds -- even thousands -- of miles out to sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the southeast winds. When conditions are just right, warm, moist  air flows in at the bottom of such a wind, moves upward through it and comes out at the top. In the process , the moisture in this warm air produces rain, and with it the heat is changed to energy in the form of strong winds. As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to move in a counter-clockwise motion . The life of a hurricane is only about nine days, but it contains almost more power than we can imagine. The energy in the heat released  by a hurricane's rainfall in a single day would satisfy the entire electrical needs of the United States for more than six months. Water, not wind, is the main source of death and destruction  in a hurricane. A typical hurricane brings 6 to 12 inch downpours, causing sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful movement of the sea -- the mountains of water moving toward the hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves toward shore. \n Answer: When its winds reach 75 miles per hour.",
            "output": [
                "When is an ordinary tropical storm called a hurricane?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4b4001432f2c4778b884947f46213011",
            "input": "Article: The constant demands, together with the exhausting effects of interrupted sleep, can make it hard to find the time and energy to exercise or prepare healthy meals.  Here are some tips for common problems new moms face: Problem: No time to cook proper meals. When you're caring for a baby, cooking proper meals seems like a luxury. Instead you rely on convenience meals and processed foods.         Solution: Try to get more support. Friends, family members, and neighbors are often delighted to help, so don't feel you have to do everything yourself. Use the extra time to prepare some healthy meals. Follow the basic rules of cutting down on fat and increasing fruit and vegetable intake. Problem: Sugary or high-fat snacks. Tiredness can leave you feeling sleepy, run-down, and in need of an immediate help from sweets and high-fat snacks.         Solution: Turn snacking to your advantage. Eat high-fiber, low-fat, low-sugar snacks; these will fill you up without adding too many calories. For an energy boost, eat a banana, which is high in potassium -- a mineral essential for muscle and nerve function -- or try a handful of raisins , which are high in iron but low in fat.         Problem: No time or energy to exercise. A baby is a constant demand on your time, so you're too tired or busy to exercise.        Solution: Increasing activity levels will help you obtain a net calorie loss, while toning exercises will tighten your muscles. Though you may feel too tired to do any exercise, it is worth persevering (,) because in the long run your energy levels will increase. Involve your baby in your postnatal   exercises; start by walking with the child in a carriage or sling(;). Swimming is another aerobic  exercise that you can both enjoy by joining a mother and baby class. Many pools have childcare facilities, so you can swim a few laps on your own. Problem: Lack of sleep. The new baby interrupts your sleep,  _ your energy and leaving you tense and exhausted.        Solution: Practice some relaxation techniques whenever you have a few free moments. Meditation, visualization, or yoga can help your body recover and give you more energy. \n Answer: Weight-loss solutions for new moms",
            "output": [
                "What's the subject of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-344e5ac8b7914afab795d0faa5ef0eb6",
            "input": "Article: China has announced it's abolishing its one-child policy. What difference has it made, statistically speaking? 400 million births prevented The one-child policy, officially in place since 1979, has prevented 400 million births. Parents have faced fines and other punishments for having more children. The majority of the decrease in China's fertility rate happened in the 1970s. It dropped from 5.8 children per woman in 1970 to 2.7 in 1978. Despite the one-child policy the rate had only fallen to 1.7 by 2013. 21:28-baby deaths rate Since the one-child policy was introduced, baby girls have become more likely to die than boys. In the 1970s, according to the United Nations, 60 males per 1, 000 live births died under the age of one. For girls the figure was 53. In the 1980s, after the one-child policy became official, the rate for both was 36. By the 1990s, 26 males per 1,000 live births died before the age of one - and 33 girls. The 2000s saw 21 boys per 1,000 live births dying and 28 girls. 1.16 boys born for every girl Sexually selective abortions have been considered as a major cause of China's unusual imbalance. Gietel-Basten, associate professor in social policy at Oxford University, says the births of many girls are not registered if parents have broken the rule by having two children, adding officials often turn a blind eye. It's estimated there are now 33 million more men than women in China. 4: 2: 1 families With the ageing of China's population and the continuation of the one-child policy, a \"4: 2 :1\" home is the description given to households in which there are four grandparent, cared for by two working age parents, who themselves have one child. By 2050, it's predicted that a quarter of China's population will be 65 or older. The predicted decline in the number of people of working age is thought to have persuaded the government to drop the one-child policy. \n Answer: In the 1980s.",
            "output": [
                "When was the baby deaths rate for both boys and girls equal?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9f523c99a2746de941caf1910f18098",
            "input": "Article: I was thirteen when my father got hurt.Looking back over the years, I sometimes wonder what I could have done differently that day.Spit twice over my shoulder when I saw the single magpie   , maybe.But that's the thing about superstitions  .You don't know how much power they have until you break them. We lived in a dark shabby house in Bucks.Wood blocks laid over dirt on the floor.That part of England was full of cherry trees.Chalky soil. The rice had caught in the bottom of the pot that morning at breakfast and all I could smell was burned rice.Even now when I think of that day I have the taste of burned rice in my mouth. \"I'm going to cut down the old cherry tree,\" my father announced. \"You've been saying that for years,\" said my mother lightly touching the end of her nose.Her nose ran all year long.Her arms rested on the table, a cup of tea placed between her hands, steam rising into the air.\"You'll never get round to it.\"          My stomach, balled into a tight little knot   relaxed itself.          \"Millie's going to cry if you cut it down,\" said my younger brother, Simon, his eyes bright as a fox.\"Silly Millie, silly Millie.\" \"Hold your noise,\" said my father patting Simon on the head.\"And put back that butter.That's a week's ration  you've got on your plate.\" \"The war's over,\" said Simon in a low voice.\"We haven't had rationing for ages.\" Simon was right.Even sugar had come off points.However, we still occasionally received food parcels from distant cousins in Canada. My father glared at him and then went on.          \"Pigs.Burt says he'll come and help me take the tree down if he can have some of the wood.\"          \"No,\" I said springing to my feet.\"You can't do it.That's my tree.Always has been.Always will be.I won't let you.\" Tom, took a piece of toast, watching my reaction.My older brother, he knew what the tree meant to me.          \"Now then, Millie,\" said my father softening his face.\"That tree's wild.It's in the way.\" \n Answer: 3.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, how many kids does the family have at least?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cdec40e1e846471ba20b44b3615ba4ec",
            "input": "Article: On a warm Monday, Jenny Neilson bought a sandwich and parked her car under some trees. Rolling down the windows to let in fresh air, she settled back to enjoy her lunch. Suddenly she noticed a big  _ man running through the parking lot. Before she came to realize what would happen, the man was there, shouting through her window, \"Get out!\"  Neilson refused. Pulling open her door, the man seized her by the neck and hair, and threw her out of the car onto the ground. She screamed, grabbing her purse and the keys. Two reporters of the local newspaper, Robert Bruce and Jeff Jackson, just outside their office building on a break, heard the screams and began running . When they reached Neilson's car, the attacker had jumped into the driver's seat and was madly searching for the keys. Bruce opened the door, and he and Jackson dragged the man out. The attacker fought back. But even in his cornered panic, he was no match for the two athletic men. Reggie Miller, a worker of the local newspaper, heard the screams, too. He rushed back to the office to phone the police, and then ran back with some plastic ropes ---- used to tie up newspapers. With his arms tied tight behind him, the prisoner looked up and said coldly, \"I hope you guys feel good about yourselves---- you just caught one of the most wanted men.\" They ignored him and waited for the police. Later, Bruce and Jackson were shocked to learn the man was the professional carjacker  and suspected murderer, whose picture---- but with a full head of hair---- had been recently printed in their own newspaper.                                                                                                                                Neilson considers herself lucky though she suffered injuries. She believes the story might have had a different ending if those good people had not come to her aid. \"Unfortunately,\" she said, \"many people would never have done what they did, and that is the real truth.\" \n Answer: The carjacker was a suspected murderer the police had been searching for.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage , which of the following statements is True?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0a5ad5d57660477ebfdada9a1d062918",
            "input": "Article: Since ancient times, people have known about its ability to reduce pain and high body temperature. More than 2000 years ago, the Greek doctor Hippocrates advised his patients to chew on the bark and leaves of the willow. The tree contains a chemical called salicin . From salicin, researchers in the 1800s discovered how to make salicylic acid . And in 1897, a chemist named Felix Hoffmann at Friedrich Bayer and Company in Germany created acetyl salicylic acid. Later it became the active substance in a new medicine that Bayer called aspirin. The \"a\" came from acetyl. The \"spir\" came from the spirea plant, which also produces salicin. And the \"in\" Well, that is a common way to end medicine names. In 1982, a British scientist shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine in part for discovering how aspirin works. Sir John Vane found that aspirin blocks the body from making natural substances called prostaglandins .Prostaglandins have several effects on the body. Some cause pain and the expansion, or swelling( ; ), of damaged tissue. Others protect the lining of the stomach and small intestine. Prostaglandins also make the heart, kidneys and blood vessels  work well. But there is a problem. Aspirin works against all prostaglandins, good and bad. Scientists learned how aspirin interferes with an enzyme . One form of this enzyme makes the prostaglandin that causes pain and swelling. Another form of the enzyme creates a protective effect. So aspirin can reduce pain and swelling in damaged tissues. But it can also harm the inside of the stomach and small intestine . \n Answer: Toothache",
            "output": [
                "What sickness can the medicine from the willow deal with according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-419b0c7742944901835500bd1d30e849",
            "input": "Article: Some of the world's most significant problems never hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture. Food riots  and hunger make news, but the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world's major crops. A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring. The authors take a vast number of data pointing for the four most important crops; rice, wheat, corn and soybeans. They find that on between 24 and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s. There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world's most populous  countries,India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse. Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soybeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods' accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soybeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world. The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organization has argued. Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughed  up for crops might be able to _ to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen. \n Answer: Rice,corn,soybeans and wheat.",
            "output": [
                "Which crops are mentioned in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7874b0fe9f4f42278dbe353c193f2eda",
            "input": "Article: *What prevents depression:tea,coffee or hot chocolate? Women who drink for or more cups of coffee a day are a fifth less likely to become depressed.Drinking two or three cups reduces the risk by 15 percent. This is the result of a study of 51,000 women over ten years, published in the Journal of the American Medicine Association. One theory is that caffeine reduces the  effect of the chemical adenosine  in the brain, which can make us feel sleepy by slowing down nerve cell activity. Some anti-depressants also work by blocking the adenosine receptors. Coffee was found to be far more influential on depression levels than hot chocolate or tea due to the high caffeine content. *How many eggs can we healthily eat: one a day or two a day? Neither-eat them freely. We've long been warned to stick to two or three eggs a week because of their high cholesterol content. But according to the Food Standards Agency, there is no recommended limit to how many eggs we can healthily eat, unless you have been told to cut down by your doctor. There is no evidence that eating eggs raises cholesterol levels, and researchers found that eggs contain less cholesterol than in the past because hens are no longer given bone meal, which was banned in the 1990s after the BSE  cresis. Research by the British Egg Council found that a medium egg gives you around 100 mg of cholesterol, a third of the 300mg recommended daily limit. \n Answer: Coffee.",
            "output": [
                "What is considered to fight depression best?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-13c7c168ea154d6d8c13f255bea00481",
            "input": "Article: As more people use smart phones to pay bills and store personal information, strict password security has become more important than ever. A new study shows that free - form gestures - sweeping fingers in shapes across the screen of a smart phone--can be used to unlock phones. These gestures are less likely to be observed and reproduced by others than traditional typed passwords. \"All that it takes to steal a password is a quick eye,\" said one of the researchers of the study. \"With all the personal information we have on our phones today, improving their security is becoming increasingly necessary.\" In developing a secure solution to this problem, the researchers studied the practicality of using free - form gestures. With the ability to create any shape in any size and location on the screen, the gestures were popular as passwords. Since users create them without following a template, the researchers predicted these gestures would allow for greater complexity. The researchers carried out a create - test - retest experiment where 63 people were asked to create a gesture, recall it, and recall it again 10 days later. The gestures were captured on a recognizer system designed by the team. Using this data, they tested the complexity and accuracy of each gesture using information theory. The result of their analysis is that people are favorable to use free - form gestures as passwords. To put their analysis into practice, the researchers then had seven students in computer science and engineering, each with considerable experience with touchscreens , attempt to steal a free - form gesture password by observing a phone user secretly. None of them were able to copy the gestures with enough accuracy. The gestures appear to be extremely powerful against attacks. Though the testing is in its early stage and widespread adaptation of this technology is not yet clear, the research team plans to continue to analyze the security and management of free - form passwords in the future. They believe this is the first study to explore free - form gestures as passwords. They will soon publish their findings. \n Answer: They are improving mobile security in a way.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about free - form gestures?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aab7b0378aba40c49d8a17a040c2e0a6",
            "input": "Article: A primary school teacher who left a class of 25 pupils in tears after she told them Santa Claus did not exist has been fired. When excited youngsters became  _ as they talked about Santa,the supply teacher said out suddenly,\"It's your parents who leave out presents on Christmas Day.\" The class of sevenyearolds at Blackshaw Lane Primary School,Royton,Greater Manchester burst into tears and told their parents when they arrived home. Mothers and fathers then complained about the incident and were sent a letter by the school saying the teacher,who only worked at the school for one day last week,has been disciplined . The school has now said it will not hire her again. One father said,\"My son came home and said that his teacher had told the class that Santa doesn't exist and it's their mum and dad that put out presents for them. Obviously,they were all talking about Christmas and being a bit rowdy. She just came straight out with it.\" \"My son was in tears and so was everyone else in the class--especially as it was so close to Christmas. I thought it was wrong. He was crazy about it. He's only seven years old and it's part of the magic of Christmas to him.\" \"We told him that she did not believe in Father Christmas because of her religion and he's fine now.\" \"The father described the incident as 'shocking' and believed it was done with malicious intent .A lot of parents were angry and complained to the school. The teacher,who was supplied by Rochdale and Oldham Supply Agency,is still listed and will work with other schools,\"the agency said. However,the head teacher in Angela McCormick refused to comment on the incident. \n Answer: Santa Claus the teacher talked about.",
            "output": [
                "Who felt the angriest about the incident?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5d22f16694a14b73b7aff21e4d6e6eb3",
            "input": "Article: Argentina's Lionel Messi has won the Golden Ball awarded to the European Footballer of the Year, becoming the sixth Barcelona player to take the award and the first since Brazilian Ronaldinho in 2005. Messi beat last year's winner Cristiano Ronaldo into second place while Barcelona midfielder Xavi Hernandez finished third in the poll results released by France Football magazine early Tuesday. Praised by Argentina great Diego Maradona as his successor, Messi won an unprecedented treble  in Spain last season with Barcelona as the Catalan side swept the Champions League, the Spanish title and the Copa del Rey. The 22-year-old Messi, the first Argentine to win the world-famous award, was the top scorer in last year's Champions League with nine goals, including his superb header  in the 2-0 victory over Manchester United in the final. Messi, who scored 473 of a possible 480 points, largely controlled the voting and won with a record-margin of 240 points. Real Madrid winger Ronaldo had 233 and Xavi had 170. \"Honestly, I knew that I was among the favorites because Barcelona had a fruitful year in 2009,\" Messi was quoted as saying by the magazine. \" _ The Golden Ball is very important to me. All the players who won it were great players, and some great players never won it.\" Barcelona had three players in the Top 5 with Andres Iniesta taking fourth ahead of former Barca player Samuel Eto'o. In an outstanding season, Messi netted(...) 38 goals in 51 games in all competitions, often leaving defenders in his wake(...) with a combination of speed, extraordinary abilities and his effective left-footed strike. Messi, who led Argentina to next year's World Cup in South Africa, recently signed a new contract with Barcelona through 2016. Messi had a good start to this season - already scoring nine goals - and put on a great display to help his club defeat archrival Real Madrid 1-0 last Sunday. \"It won't be easy to confirm after a year like the one we just went through,\" Messi said. \"I hope the next one will reach the same standards. But to win the Golden Ball two years in a row is not an easy thing.\" (Read by Guanny Liu. Guanny Liu is a multimedia journalist at the China Daily Web site.) \n Answer: Messi beats",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the suitable title?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb3a67ea5ffc44fa82c1c8ecb63c8b0d",
            "input": "Article: A lot of small business owners put themselves in _ in their own companies.Consider this scene:the company owner who has thirty individuals working for him in the business does all the work. Stop the actual wrong belief that you're the only one who can do the JOB! You are an individual. _ .The best way to replace yourself is not through someone else,but with a System! A system or program doesn't always make reference to something high-tech.It's more about the actual administration process flow that gets issues running smoothly. Systemizing your business is vitally important for the success of the company.About 80%of what's completed in your business can be systemized.Take a moment to determine all of the routine things that are done in your company.Now record the best way to achieve these duties. However,creating systems isn't enough.You have to ensure that the methods are simple to follow,and easy to complete.If you do not allow it to be easy,it won't be done,or at best it won't be consistent. With systems and processes in position.it's simply using a few people to operate individual systems.A great number of companies that possess established systems have made great achievements through the years.Burger King is a good actual life example. To construct a great business,replace yourself with a good program right now! \n Answer: It will help a company run smoothly.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about\"A system\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae5d79118a3745bd98ab85bedafc282e",
            "input": "Article: Would you want a doctor who got high marks in medical school just for trying hard? Apparently many college students would have no problem with that. They believe students are owed a good grade simply because they put a lot of effort into a class. The researchers asked more than 800 undergraduates if they agreed or disagreed with some statements. For example: \"If I have completed most of the reading for a class, I deserve a B in that course.\" And: \"A professor should not be annoyed with me if I receive an important call during class.\" Just 16 percent thought it was OK to take that phone call. But 66 percent agreed that a professor should consider effort and not just the quality of a student's work when deciding grades. And 40 percent thought they should get a B, the second highest mark, just because they did most of the reading for class. Some experts are not surprised that students often see no difference between effort and results. Social critics like to say that in children's activities these days everyone gets an award just for trying, so no one will feel rejected. Yet competition to get into the best colleges is fiercer than ever. Students may worry that low grades will keep them out of graduate school or a good job. And there may be another explanation: pressure from parents to get a good return on the family's investment. These days, college can cost more than a house. A former teaching assistant recently wrote to the New York Times about his experience with grade expectations. He would try to explain it this way when students asked for a top grade just for studying hard in chemistry class: What if a baseball player came to spring training and worked harder than all the others, but still could not play well? Would the team accept him anyway, just because he tried so hard? The students would say no. But most of them would still ask for an A. \n Answer: Why students put a lot of efforts in their studies.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1e849a2688684e729f0a3d579d65a5b8",
            "input": "Article: Beijing plans to keep a tight rule on pollution by cutting emissions caused by industrial production and vehicles when it hosts the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in November. From November 3 to 12, the city will restrict the use of private vehicles based on evenand oddnumbered license plates, reducing the use of such vehicles by 35 percent, the municipal   traffic committee said on Thursday. All vehicles transporting construction waste and dangerous chemicals will be banned from the capital's roads during this period, but the restriction will not apply to buses, taxis and other vehicles such as police cars. The measures are similar to those introduced from July 20 to Sept. 20 in 2008 during the Beijing Olympic Games. \"The number of passengers using public transport will increase by 3 million a day, \" said Li Shaoming, deputy director of the Beijing Traffic Management Bureau. During the 10 days, 400 additional buses will be used to transport commuters to meet the increased demands. The municipal government has also drawn up eight plans to reduce industrial pollution during the AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation forum. Zhuang Zhidong, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, said, \"From Nov. 3, production at some companies listed by the government will be _ for 10 days.\" Work will also be suspended at all construction sites and on demolition projects during this period. \"More importantly, Beijing will work with its neighbors to control emissions,\" Zhuang said, adding that there will be regular discussion on air pollution among six governments. Neighboring authorities in Tianjin Municipality, Hebei, Shanxi and Shandong Province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region will operate strict pollution control measures over the 10 days. Media reports said that from Nov. 7 to 12, employee departments, institutes and social organizations in Beijing can have a holiday, except for departments dealing with the APEC meeting and city management. \n Answer: Not all the people in Beijing can have a holiday from November 7 to 12.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-466e01f1cb9a4952be0f213837c08255",
            "input": "Article: In my experience, one of the greatest reasons of unhappiness is the difficulty we have in accepting things as they are.When we see something we don't like, we wish it could be different-we cry out for something better.That may be human nature, or perhaps it's something that has been grown in our culture. The root of the unhappiness isn't that we want things to be different, however, it's that we decided we didn't like it in the first place.We've judged it as bad, rather than saying, \"It's not bad or good, but it just is.\" Here is an example.I have written a paper, A Beautiful Method to Find Peace of Mind.Quite a few people think it bad after reading it because I think people should expect things to go differently than you planned, and that you should accept that, instead of encouraging people to change themselves or the environment as much as possible.You could accept it as the way the world works-as the way things actually are.And try to understand why that is, and follow it, as it is. This can be useful to whatever you do: whether it be how other people act at work, how politics works and how depressing the news media can be.Accept these things as they are, and try to understand why they're that way. It'll save you a lot of sadness because you'll no longer say, \"Oh, I wish things didn't go bad!\" If you really understand what I mean, you can try a different way to live in this world:accept, and understand.It might lead to some interesting results. \n Answer: No matter how happy we are, we never want to be happy.",
            "output": [
                "What is the major reason why we feel unhappy in the writer's opinion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb332acc3cd24712a3f59646379362a7",
            "input": "Article: I chose to study in Madrid because I had a desire to learn Spanish. My first impressions of Madrid were incredible. It was before the New Year that I arrived in Madrid for the first time. While traveling to my Spanish friend's house in a taxi, I appreciated the buildings along the road which were different from those of my own country. There are an incredible number of restaurants and bars from all over the world. If you are really into sightseeing, I hope you have rechargeable batteries for your digital camera, because one week really isn't enough time to see everything here including a number of art, science, and historical museums as well as parks, buildings, and amazing landscapes. What I liked best about life in Madrid was the fact that if you were frustrated with schoolwork and wanted to have some fun, you can easily go out. The nightlife never seems to stop and the people are all very friendly. You can meet people and practice Spanish while having fun at the same time. What I liked least was the fact that many people smoked in the streets. Also, coming from the US, I was used to having a big breakfast every morning, but while living with an actual Spanish family, I wasn't really satisfied with the food in the morning. I think I have definitely become more independent since I came back from Spain. Living in a big city like Madrid ,I found that it is necessary to plan ahead and to make a schedule for future. There is so much to see, not just in the Spanish World, but in the European World as well. \n Answer: To describe the author's life in Madrid.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73ae5960c7004214a0a0e8a33eabd78d",
            "input": "Article: For the most part, it seems, workers in rich countries have little to fear from globalization, and a lot to gain. But is the same thing true for workers in poor countries? The answer is that they are even more likely than their rich-country counterparts   to benefit, because they have less to lose and more to gain.  Traditional economics takes an optimistic line on integration   and the developing countries. Openness to foreign trade and investment should encourage capital to flow to poor economies. In the developing world, capital is scarce, so the returns on investment there should be higher than in the industrialized countries, where the best opportunities to make money by adding capital to labour have already been used up. If poor countries lower their barriers to trade and investment, the theory goes, rich foreigners will want to send over some of their capital.  If this inflow of resources arrives in the form of loans or portfolio investment  , it will top up domestic savings and loosen the financial restriction on additional investment by local companies. If it arrives in the form of new foreign-controlled operations, FDI, so much the better: this kind of capital brings technology and skills from abroad packaged along with it, with less financial risk as well. In either case, the addition to investment ought to push incomes up, partly by raising the demand for labour and partly by making labour more productive. This is why workers in FDI-receiving countries should be in an even better position to profit from integration than workers in FDI-sending countries. Also, with or without inflows of foreign capital, the same gains from trade should apply in developing countries as in rich ones. This gains from trade logic often arouses suspicion, because the benefits seem to come from nowhere. Surely one side or the other must lose. Not so. The benefits that a rich country gets through trade do not come at the expense of its poor country trading partners, or vice versa. Recall that according to the theory, trade is a positive sum game. In all these trades, both sides--exporters and importers, borrowers and lenders, shareholders and workers can gain. \n Answer: They have less to lose and more to gain.",
            "output": [
                "Why are workers in poor countries more likely to benefit from the process of globalization?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ee9eb9b8c6aa444b8fbe7ecae95c5a0b",
            "input": "Article: Experts believe that storms and severe weather in North America and Asia have disrupted bird flight paths across the world and swept huge numbers of bird species towards the British Isles. Birds flying to the other side of the Atlantic or to the Pacific to lay their eggs have been trapped in Britain and Ireland, adding their numbers to native species, and causing great excitement in the bird-watching community. Local birdwatchers have already observed a total of 442 species in the British Isles this year. The highest number ever seen in one year is 445, in 2008. \"We only need four more to break our record,\" said Lee Evans, who runs the British Birding Association. \"With three months to go I'm sure we'll do it.\" Last month an extremely rare Siberian Rubythroat bird was seen in Scotland, sending hundreds of birdwatchers north in the hope of catching a glimpse of this colourful Asian beauty. Another very uncommon bird, the bufflehead duck was cited in Cornwell and caused similar excitement. \"I couldn't believe it,\" said Evans. \"The poor thing was completely  _ . It must have been blown to England by the storms while trying to fly from Canada to the southern United States for the winter. That's 3000 miles!\" Evans said that global warming over the past decade was playing a key role in transforming bird movements across the world. In addition, melting Arctic sea ice may also be opening up bird flight paths over the North Pole, making it easier for birds from the Pacific -- such as the slaty-backed gull and tufted puffin, both of which appeared in London earlier this year -- to reach Britain. Bird-watching is becoming an increasingly popular hobby among all age groups, added Evans. \"A fifth of our members are under 18. This is a round-the-year hobby that you can enjoy from the kitchen window or from a car. More and more people are bird-watching, and as a result more and more unexpected species are being spotted in the British Isles.\" \n Answer: Changes in the British bird population.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-efaba100914445869439ba316e17037f",
            "input": "Article: Here's this week's list of four open jobs throughout the local area. Whether you're unemployed and need a job or you are just _ of the one you have, Roswell Patch wants to help. We know new jobs can be hard to come by these days, which is why we'll try to post a selection of jobs we've found in the area on the site each week. Happy hunting! Part-time Spanish Instructor-World Language Institute, Inc. - Roswell. World Language Institute, Inc. in Roswell is currently hiring a part-time, native-speaking Spanish instructor. Applicants must be able to pass a background check and drive a 15-passenger bus to pick up students from several schools, from 2 p. m. - 6 p. m. Monday-Friday. The position pays $ 10 per hour. More information about the job is available online. Experienced Servers - Chili's - Alpharetta Chili's in Alpharetta is seeking experienced servers to add to its team. Qualifications will include being clean and neat and having great attitude and customer service skills. The pay is $ 2.13, plus tips. Stop by the store to fill out an application. More information about this position is available online. Registered Nurse-North Fulton Regional Hospital-Roswell North Fulton Regional Hospital is looking for a RN/Registered Nurse to fill a 12-hour night shift. Applicants must be registered and previous hospital experience is preferred. More information about the position is available online. Software Engineer-ControlScan-Alpharetta ControlScan in Alpharetta is hiring a software engineer. Applicants should have five or more years of relevant experience, as well as advanced knowledge of computer technology. Pay is commensurate with experience. More information about the position can be found online. \n Answer: On a website.",
            "output": [
                "Where can we most probably read the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b38d0000c5864fb8995db1466b804d39",
            "input": "Article: Why do people drink too much, eat too much, smoke cigarettes or take drugs? What's to blame for all the bad behavior? Most people would say that, while these self-destructive   acts can have many root causes, they all have one obvious thing in common: they are all examples of failures of self-control, lacking the will power to resist them. According to a recent study, however, if you really think about it, something about that simple answer doesn't quite make sense. In fact, it turns out that sometimes it's having will power that really gets you into trouble. Think back to the time you took your very first sip   of beer. Disgusting, wasn't it? When my father gave me my first taste of beer as a teenager, I wondered why anyone would voluntarily drink it. And smoking? No one enjoys their first cigarette -- it tastes awful. So even though smoking, and drinking alcohol or coffee, can become temptation   you need will power to resist, they never, ever start out that way. Just getting past those first horrible experiences actually requires a lot of self-control. Ironically  , only those who can control themselves well, rather than give in to them, can ever come to someday develop a \"taste\" for Budweiser beer, Marlboro cigarettes, or dark-roasted Starbucks coffee. We do it for social acceptance. We force ourselves to consume alcohol, cigarettes, coffee and even illegal drugs, in order to seem experienced, grown-up, and cool. These bad habits aren't self-control failures -- far from it. They are voluntary choices, and they are in fact self-control successes. Self-control is simply a tool to be put to some use, helpful or harmful. To live happy and productive lives, we need to develop not only our self-control, but also the wisdom to make good decisions about when and where to apply it. \n Answer: Not having enough will power.",
            "output": [
                "What do most people think causes bad behavior?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b4663dbe5e0342bfba5cb28fea0b4ef3",
            "input": "Article: Frankensteinis one of the world's most famous horror stories. It's about a doctor who creates a new man from the body parts of dead people and brings it to life. But the experiment goes wrong and the monster  kills the doctor and many others. The story has been read by millions since it was first published and in the last hundred years it has been made into dozens of movies. Many people are surprised to learn its writer was a 19-year-old woman, called Mary Shelley. Mary was born into a rich London family in August 1797. She was educated by her parents and when she was 13 she decided to become a writer. In 1812, she met the famous writer Percy Shelley and they soon got married. Sadly for Mary, their first child died soon after birth in Italy. In her diary, Mary wrote about a dream:\"I dreamt that my little baby came to life again---that it had only been cold and that we rubbed it before the fire and it lived.\" In 1816, Percy Shelley and 19-year-old Mary visited the poet Lord Byron at his home in Switzerland. Because of the bad weather they stayed indoors reading horror stories. On night, Byron asked everyone to write their own story. Mary thought of her dream and wrote the story ofFrankenstein Frankensteinwas published when Mary was 21, and became a huge success. Many people didn't think a 19-year-old woman could write so well and believed her husband was the real writer. Although famous, Shelley's life was full of sadness. Only one of her four children lived and in 1822 her husband died in a swimming accident. Mary was broken-hearted and decided not to marry again. She devoted herself to her child and continued to write until her death in 1851. \n Answer: In France",
            "output": [
                "Where was Mary Shelley when she wrote the story Frankenstein?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9e8b3c5c8bb54d409066029e09968049",
            "input": "Article: Please excuse me if I'm a little sad today because Mark is leaving.You probably don't know Mark,but you might be lucky enough to know someone just like him.He's been the heart and soul of the office for a couple of years combining professional skills with a sweet and gentle nature.He's never been all that interested in getting _ for the terrific work he does.He just wants to do his job,and to do it extremely well. And now he's moving on to an exciting new professional opportunity.It sounds like it could be the chance of a lifetime,and we're sincerely pleased for him.But that doesn't make it any easier to say goodbye to a dear friend and trusted colleague. Life has a way of throwing these curve balls at us.Just when we start to get comfortable with a person,a place or a situation,something comes along to change the recipe.A terrific neighbor moves away.Someone in the family graduates.A child finds new love and loyalties through marriage.The family's bread-winner is laid off.Our ability to cope with change and disruption determines our peace,happiness and contentment in life. But how do we do that? According to the author of Ecclesiaste,comfort can be found in remembering that \"to everything there is a season,and a time to every purpose under heaven.Let today embrace the past with remembrance,and the future with longing.'' \"Change,indeed,is painful,yet ever needful,\"said philosopher Thomas Carlyle.\"And if memory has its force and worth,so also has hope.\" We're going to miss Mark.But rather than lose ourselves in the sadness of our parting,we'll focus on our hopes for a brighter future----for him,and for us.And then we'll go out and do everything we can to make that future happen.Until our plans change----again. \n Answer: He will leave for a new job.",
            "output": [
                "What will happen to Mark soon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e2bd5411c9048438f02eed65c763275",
            "input": "Article: Reading is good for you. There is increasing evidence to show that reading isn't merely a way of improving literacy and knowledge, but that it might actually be good for one's mental and physical health, too. In the age of Twitter and short attention spans, reading novels, which requires intense concentration over a long period of time, could be the antidote . Neuroscientists Baroness Susan Greenfield says that reading helps to lengthen attention spans in children and improve their ability to think clearly. \"Stories have a structure that encourages our brain to think in sequence, to link cause, effect and significance,\" she says \"It is essential to learn this skill as a small child.\" \"In a computer game, you might rescue a princess, but you don't care about her, you just want to win,\" she explains, \"But a princess in a book has a past, present and future. You can relate to her. You see the world through her eyes\" According to professor John Stein, Oxford university, reading is far from a passive activity. \"Reading exercises the whole brain,\" he explains. \" When we get lost in a good book, we are doing more than following a story, Imaging what is happening is as good as activating the brain as doing it. In other words, our brains simulate  real experiences, and it is just as if we were experiencing them ourselves. This doesn't happen when we are watching a TV or playing computer games.\" Getting stuck in a good novel appears to be good for one's mental health. Reading helps one not only fights loneliness, but also forget one's own problems for a while. Researchers found that just six minutes of reading could reduce stress levels by more than two-thirds, more than listening to music or going out for a walk. The concentration required to read distracts the mind, easing muscle's tension and slowing the heart rate. Reading may be good for physical health, too, by preventing brain aging and disease. \n Answer: It can help lengthen one's attention span.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statement is true about playing computer games?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-10135787073c42f1acc6e9f4e54e8c92",
            "input": "Article: On the first day of college our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn't already know. I stood up to look around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady beaming up at me with a smile that lit up her entire being. She said, \"Hi, handsome! My name is Rose. I'm eighty-seven years old. Can I give you a hug?\" I laughed and enthusiastically responded, \"Of course you can!\" and she gave me a giant squeeze. \"Why are you in college at such a young, innocent age?\" I asked. She jokingly replied, \"I'm here to meet a rich husband, get married, have a couple of children, and then retire and travel.\" \"No seriously,\" I asked. I was curious what may have motivated her to be taking on this challenge at her age. \"I always dreamed of having a college education and now I'm getting one!\" she told me. After class we walked to the student union building and shared a chocolate milkshake. We instantly became friends. Every day for the next three months we would leave class together and talk non-stop. I was always mesmerized  listening to this \"time machine\" as she shared her wisdom and experience with me. Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon  and she easily made friends wherever she went. At the year end, Rose finished the degree she had begun all those years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep. Over two thousand college students attended her funeral to pay their respects to the wonderful woman who taught by example that it's never too late to be all you can possible be. \n Answer: It was her dream to receive college education.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Rose go to college at her age?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7bddb35fda7b4f54bd193006fe35ec14",
            "input": "Article: Alex stared through the cabin window at the darkness. Soon his dad would call him. And he didn't want to go. He wished he hadn't come to the lake for the weekend. \"We're ready,\" Dad said as he came in from the porch. \" Grab your rod.\"  Alex turned away from the window and slowly picked up his fishing rod. \"Have fun!\" Mom said. \"Sure,\" said Alex, trying to make his voice bright. \"We should have done this before.\" Dad said. \"Let's catch a big one!\" Dad picked up his tackle   box, rod, and bait can from the porch. He clicked on the flashlight.     They walked down the hill toward the lake in the narrow beam of light. The only thing Alex could see was the circle of weeds and rocks at their feet, lit by the flashlight. Insect voices filled his ears---clicks, hums, buzzes, whines. Hundreds of bugs waited in the darkness to attack. \"Ow!\" he blurted as he felt a sting on his arm. \"Mosquitoes,\" Dad said. \"I have brought some spray   to keep them off.\"  When they reached the boat, Alex stumbled as he climbed over the side. \"I don't like this much,\" he said. \"It's so dark.\" Dad squeezed his shoulder. \"Don't worry. It's not as dark as you think. After a while your eyes will get used to the night.\" Suddenly something rushed past Alex's head. He gasped. \"What was that?\" \"Probably a bat,\" Dad said. How could Dad act as if it were nothing! \"Will bats be flying around our heads the whole time?\" \"This is their time to be out catching insects,\" Dad explained. \"They won't hurt you. They're too busy grabbing dinner.\" He pushed the boat off the gravel   and jumped in. Alex gazed back at the cabin. A square of light from the window glowed in the darkness.   Dad rowed to the middle of the lake and stopped. \"We'll just let the boat drift. Keep the flashlight in the bottom of the boat. The fish won't bite if they see light flashing around. When we've done baiting our hooks , we'll turn the light off.\" Leaning down to get closer to the light, Alex tried to thread a worm on his hook, but he couldn't seem to work his fingers right. So what if the worm was only partly on the hook? He didn't want to fish anyway. He didn't even want to be there. \n Answer: His father",
            "output": [
                "Whom did Alex go fishing with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ecb2daf10ffa4c0bbadb05927755f04b",
            "input": "Article: There is a famous story about British poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. He was writing a poem when he was interrupted by a knock at the door. This was an age before telephones. Someone was delivering a message. When Coleridge got back to his poem, he had lost his inspiration. His poetic mood had been broken by the knock on his door. His unfinished poem, which could otherwise have been a masterpiece, would now never be more than a fragment. This story tells how unexpected communication can destroy an important thought, which bring us to the cellphone. The most common complaint about cellphones is that people talk on them to the annoyance of people around them. But more damaging may be the cellphone's interruption of our thoughts. We have already entered a golden age of little white lies about our cellphones, and this is by and large a healthy, protective development. \"I didn't hear it ring\" or \"I didn't realize my phone had shut off\" are among the lies we tell to give ourselves space where we're beyond reach. The notion of being unreachable is not a new concept--we have \"Do Not Disturb\" sign on the doors of hotel rooms. So why must we feel guilty when it comes to cellphones? Why must we apologize if we decide to shut off the phone for a while? Now time alone, or a conversation with someone next to us which cannot be interrupted by a phone, is something to be cherished. Even cellphone devotees , myself usually included, can't help at times wanting to throw their phone away, or curse the day they were invented. But we don't and won't, and there really is no need. All that's required to take back our private time is a general social recognition that we have the right to it. In other words, we have to develop a healthy contempt  for the rings of our own phones. A cellphone call deserves no greater priority  than a random  word from the person next to us,though the call on my cellphone may be the one-in-a-million from Steven Spielberg--who has finally read my novel and wants to make it his next movie. But most likely it is not, and I'm better off thinking about the idea I just had for a new story, or the slice of pizza I'll eat for lunch. \n Answer: We should feel guilty when we can't tell the truth.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer think about people telling \"white lies\" about their cellphones?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b580ebd3a02645d79fd0014fa5b5e03f",
            "input": "Article: Apollo 11, carrying Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin and Michael Collins, was launched on 16 July, 1969. Five days later they stepped down onto the moon. Neil Armstrong On the way there: Of all the wonderful views we had, the most impressive to me was on the way to the Moon when we flew through its shadow. We were still thousands of miles away, but close enough so that the Moon almost filled our window. The moon appeared blue-grey. It seemed almost as if it were showing us its roundness, its similarity in shape to our Earth, in a sort of welcome. I was sure it would be a hospitable  host. It had been waiting for its first visitors for a long time. After touch down: The sky is black, you know. It's a very dark sky, but it still seemed more like daylight than darkness as we looked out the window. It's a very strange thing but the surface looked very warm and inviting. It seemed to be tan . It's hard to explain that, because later when I held the material in my hand, it wasn't tan at all. It was black, grey and so on. Edwin Aldrin On the Moon: The blue color of my boots has completely disappeared now into this soil--still don't know what color to describe this other than grayish  cocoa. Back on board: The moon was a very natural and pleasant environment in which to work. On the Moon, in one-sixth gravity, you have a strong feeling of being somewhere. As we did our experiments, some objects we threw away would go in a slow, lazy manner. \n Answer: The five--day flight to the moon.",
            "output": [
                "What impressed Neil Armstrong most?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c27cf800f45f4d50823381f1854392da",
            "input": "Article: In tradition   education, the teacher may feel that the students are not very grown up. Usually, teachers are older than students, and teachers feel that students are young and do not know much about the world. The teachers feel that they must tell the students what to do most of the time, and that they must also make the students study specific   things. In open education, the teacher's methods are very different. These teachers feel that the students are human beings   first, and students second. They expect the students to be responsible for the things that they do, just as adults are. A student's ideas and feelings are just as important as the teacher's. The teacher allows the students to decide what they want to do, and does not make them study what they do not want to. The teacher lets them decide what to study and how much to study. It's very important for the teacher to show how he or she feels about students. \n Answer: Two Kinds of Different Education",
            "output": [
                "Which is the topic for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f787fd9e2a6245f78b8374e05ffe3e4a",
            "input": "Article: When war broke out between Spain and the United States, it was very necessary to communicate quickly with General  Garcia, who was somewhere in the mountains of Cuba   -- No one knew where. The President must secure his cooperation, and quickly. What to do! Someone said to the President, \"A fellow by the name of Rowan will find Garcia for you, if anybody can.\" Rowan was sent for and given a letter to be delivered to Garcia. How he took the letter, in four days landed by night off the coast of Cuba from an open boat, disappeared into the jungle, in three weeks came out on the other side of the Island, and had delivered his letter to Garcia, are things I have no special desire now to tell in detail. The point I wish to make is this: Rowan was given a letter to be delivered to Garcia; Rowan took the letter and did not ask, \"Where is he?\" He was loyal to a trust. He acted quickly and concentrated the energies: do the thing -- \"Carry a message to Garcia!\" My heart goes out to the man who, when given a letter for Garcia, quietly takes it, without asking any idiotic   questions, but delivers it. This man is wanted in every city, town and village -- in every office, shop, store and factory. The world cries out for such: he is needed, and needed badly -- the man who can carry a message to Garcia. \n Answer: A general",
            "output": [
                "Who is Garcia?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0289cfbb7d154adaa7a184a7caeade5a",
            "input": "Article: When was the last time you were late and expected someone to understand? How about the time you left your dishes on the table for someone else to clean up? Or perhaps you left the lid on the peanut butter jar loose, and the person after you opened the jar to find it dry and not fresh. Often, we are eager to ignore our own faults. But we have higher standards when it comes to our expectations of someone else who has the same expectations. We need to as equally understand the weaknesses of others and excuse them just as we excuse ourselves. Two of my strengths are punctuality  and organization. I like to meet deadlines when they are due and keep the space around my computer neat and orderly. But sometimes things happen, and I slip from being perfect. When this happens, I show myself mercy and lower the standard for myself. However, if someone else makes a mess around my computer, I might not show them as much mercy as I show myself. If it can happen to me, then I should be willing to realize that it can happen to someone else as well. I am not suggesting that we should not work on improving our faults, or that it should be right to be late or leave a mess behind us. Although we should always be working towards self-improvement, we shouldn't have a double standard that says we are excused from our own mistakes but we cannot excuse someone else. If we are not 100-percent perfect, we shouldn't expect others to be. Mercy shows an understanding heart. If we are blind to our own faults, we will not be very merciful towards others. Showing a little mercy goes a long way when life's little mistakes take place. _ , showing mercy towards someone's shortcomings could cause us to receive some in return. \n Answer: Working Toward Self-improvement",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e00da4de00ad45988e0a851e9d1fd5cd",
            "input": "Article: Where is it possible to drive from Rome to Moscow, Madrid, Paris, Vienna, and Stockholm without going to Europe? The answer is in the state of Maine! Throughout the United States there are many towns and cities that have been named after not only European cities but other countries as well, such as China, Poland, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. Just how many New World place names are recycled from the Old World names has never been _ , but one researcher found forty-one Londons, fifty-six Berlins, twenty-four Dublins, thirty-two Athenses, and twenty-seven Moscows, among others! Reasons for European place names differ. Some were in memory of settlers' former homes, others in honor of historic events. Founded in 1818 by John Coffee, Robert Beaty, John D. Carroll, and John Read, Athens is one of the oldest incorporated cities in the State of Alabama. The town was first called Athenson, and the name was then shortened to Athens, after the ancient city in Greece. More interestingly, some names were given by mistake. For instance, the people of Moscow, Kansas, wanted their city to follow the name of the explorer Moscoso. They shortened his name to Mosco, and an official in Washington, thinking the Kansans couldn't spell, added a 'W'. \n Answer: The state of Maine has many cities named after European cities.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-249d8c082d584ed3a780913c84737c9e",
            "input": "Article: *AmericanMalinois  We have extra large,strong and healthy puppies born on May 29,2014 and raised on 2.5 acres fenced in Williston Highlands by American Malinois Foundation. They are not caged or home-raised Malinois.They have taken swimming training and full exercise routine with their parents to make sure they know how to guard themselves and other things this breed can do.I work specifically on the ones which have service dog qualities. My ideal buyer would be a disabled person in need of a mobile or medical alert service dog.The American Malinois is a working dog and is most content to bond with one person and only follow this person' s orders.Potential owners should be familiar or experienced with this breed. My fee represents the cost of feeding,grooming,boarding,training,medical and registration with the CKC(Continental Kennel Club).Puppies will have health certificates from vets. To see videos of the puppies and their parents, go to YouTube and search: American Malinois Foundation. *MiniSchnauzers  We have 4 males and 4 females.Our puppies come with a health guarantee.They are trained and all of them have great personalities and would be a great addition to any home.These puppies are for pets only.To keep our bloodlines pure, we do not allow our puppies to be bred. We have been breeding for over 13 years and we only breed Mini Schnauzers. They are the best dogs. They are very smart. We will not ship our puppies. We have had people drive over 1500 miles to purchase our babies. \n Answer: Professional and strong.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be used to describe Mini Schnauzers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0092b6c601ca4d82abaaf97dfb2ea7ba",
            "input": "Article: \"Everything happens for the best,\" my mother said whenever I was disappointed. \"Don't worry. One day your luck will change.\" I didn't pay attention to her words. After finishing my college education, I decided to look for a job in a radio station. I wanted to host a sports programme. I went to Chicago and knocked on the door of every station. ButI got turned down every time. In one station, a kind lady said to me that I hadn't got enough experience. \"Get to a small station and work for some time,\" she said. When I went back home, my dad told me that a businessman had opened a store and needed someone to help him. But again, I didn't get the job. I felt really down. \"Your luck will change,\" Mum said to me. Later, I tried another radio station in Iowa. But the owner, a nice man, told me he had already had someone to work for him. As I left his office, I asked, \"How can someone be a sportsannouncer  if he can't get a job in a radio station?\" I was waiting for the lift when I heard the man call, \"What did you mean? Do you know anything about football?\" He let me sit in front of a microphone and asked me to try to imagine that I was giving my opinion on a football game, and finally I succeeded. On my way home, Mum's words came back to me, \"One day your luck will change, Son.\" \n Answer: A businessman.",
            "output": [
                "What was the writer's ideal  job?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-943513469cad4651b8367af510f48f66",
            "input": "Article: Oyster What is an Oyster card? Oyster is the easiest way to pay for journeys on the bus, Tube, tram, Docklands Light Railway (DLR), London Overground and National Rail journeys in London. You can store your travel cards, Bus&Tram Pass, season tickets and credit to pay for journeys as you go. Where to get an Oyster card? There are a number of ways for you to get an Oyster card: * At over 3,900 Oyster Ticket stops * At Tube and London Overground station ticket offices * At some National Rail stations * At London Travel information Centres * Online at tfl. gov. uk/oyster How to use an Oyster card? To pay the correct fare on the Tube, DLR, London Overground and National Rail services, you must always touch in on the yellow Oyster card reader at the start of your journey, and touch out at the end. If you don't, a maximum cash Oyster fare will be changed. When using the bus or tram, you must only touch in at the start, but not at the end of your journey. What happens if I don't visit London very often? Don't worry. Any pay as you go credit on your card will not expire  , so you can keep it for your next visit or lend it to a friend. Fares Traveling by Tube from Central London (Zone l)to Heathrow (Zone 6) Adult Oyster single fare PS 4. 20 Monday to Friday 06:30 - 09:30 and 16:00 -19:00 PS 2. 70 at all other times including public holidays Adult single cash fare PS 5.00 For further information, visit tfl.gov. uk /fares. \n Answer: On National Rail services you must touch them on the reader twice.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about Oyster cards?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cfc1914371f04944a0fddcb67bc29588",
            "input": "Article: Remembering names is an important social skill . Here are some ways to improve it. Remember and repeat in conversation . When you hear a person's name , repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips . you could also repeat the name in a way that sounds natural. Ask the other person to recite and repeat . You can let other people help you remember their names. After you've been introduced to someone , ask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you . Most people will be glad by the effort that you're making to learn their names. Admit  that you don't know .You may tell them that you can't remember someone's name . Most of them will feel glad if you say, \"I'm working to remember your names better . Yours is right on the tip of my tongue . What is it again?\" Use associations . Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual. For example, you can remember in this way : \"Vicki Cheng ----tall, black hair.\" To remember their names , you can write them on a small card as soon as possible. Limit the number of new names you learn at one time. When meeting a group of people, you'd better remember just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later. Go early . Consider going early to meetings , parties and classes . Sometimes just a few people show up on time . There're fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive , you can hear them being introduced to others . \n Answer: They will be upset.",
            "output": [
                "How will most people feel when you try hard to remember their names?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3ebb6ac1683e4018aa3ed3cee5475f28",
            "input": "Article: (NEW YORK)---Scientists have discovered small signs of awareness in some vegetative  brain injury patients and have even communicated with one of them---findings that are beneficial to how to assess and care for such people. The new research suggests that standard tests may ignore patients who have some consciousness, and that someday some kind of communication may be possible. In the strongest example, a 29-year-old patient was able to answer yes-or-no questions by picturing specific scenes the doctors asked him to imagine. \"We were stunned when this happened,\" said one study author, Martin Monti of the Brain Sciences Unit in Cambridge. \"I find it really amazing. This was a patient who was believed to be vegetative for five years.\" Ever since a research paper four years ago described obvious signs of awareness in a vegetative patient, families of patients have been demanding brain scans, said Dr. James Bernat, a spokesman for the American Academy for Neurology. But experts said more study is needed before the specialized brain scans could be used in medical treatment. \"It's still a research tool,\" Bernat said. Experts also pointed out that only a few tested patients showed evidence of awareness. And they said it is not clear what degree of consciousness and mental abilities the signs imply. They also noted that the positive signals appeared only in people with traumatic  brain injury---not in patients whose brains had been lacking in oxygen, as can happen when the heart stops. The new study used brain scanning called functional MRI, for 23 patients in a vegetative state and 31 that are minimally  conscious. Patients are said to be in a vegetative state if they are tested and found unable to do such things as move on command or follow a moving object with their eyes. Minimally conscious patients show signs of awareness, but they are minimal and discontinuous. \n Answer: It drives the government to care about vegetative patients.",
            "output": [
                "What is the practical use of the research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fa91d6a46b594e89b3ff0a8f6f0b4f6c",
            "input": "Article: One day, Daisy dreamed a strange dream. She flew in a wonderful carpet to talk with an antelope in Tibet. The antelope told her they were hunted because of their fur which can be used to make sweaters like hers. Later, she flew to Zimbabwe where she talked with an elephant and got to know the farmers there no longer hunted them. That's because the government decided to help and the farmers finally made a lot of money. At last, she arrived at the thick rainforest where a monkey told her \"no rain forest, no animals and no drugs.\" Although finally everything was gone, she hadlearned so much. \n Answer: 3",
            "output": [
                "How many places has Daisy been to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c4dd033c12af42bfbcc9420ecd4c6f97",
            "input": "Article: EVERY few hundred years, a sleeping giant in southern Italy awakens with a bang, spewing volcanic ash across the countryside. The volcano, called Mount Vesuvius, formed 25,000 years ago. During its most explosive eruptions, the volcano could blanket nearby cities with hot ash, sometimes also burying them with deadly flows of mud and rocks. One famous eruption occurred nearly 2,000 years ago, in the year AD 79. It lasted 18 hours and destroyed the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, killing thousands of people as they tried to escape. Scientists and city officials had supposed that Naples, one of Italy's most populous cities, was far enough away that it would be safe from the volcano's _ . New evidence suggests that this might not be the case. Researchers recently discovered 4000-year-old layers of ash and mud under present-day Naples. Just outside the city, they also uncovered abandoned villages, as well as human and animal skeletons. Most surprising of all, the researchers say, was the discovery of thousands of footprints from the same time period, pressed into layers of wet ash that had rained from the sky. The footprints show that thousands of people were fleeing to the northwest, away from the volcano, as it erupted. Mount Vesuvius hasn't had a major eruption since 1631, but it's still very active. The discovery of the ancient ash layers, skeletons, and footprints is a warning that modern Naples, a city of 3 million people, isn't safe from the volcano, scientists say. So, when the volcano begins to rumble again, Naples should have an emergency evacuation plan ready - just in case. \n Answer: It is where the city Naples is located.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true with Mount Vesuvius?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b0a7456df0374ef08a24719a447001bf",
            "input": "Article: A recent report found 46% of parents agreed that their child knew more about the Internet than they did. And now new research shows parents are turning to their children for lessons in technology. The new study of around 1,000 parents showed that 67% of parents have asked their teenager children for technology-related advice. 44% have asked their teenager for help using the Internet, and 41% have received teen advice about how to use the TV or home entertainment system. Ahad Surooprajally, a father of five children, says his children help him with technology in the home. \"They've grown up surrounded by technology,\" he explains. \"We have four computers and four iPads in our house. If I want to know something technical they're the ones I go to.\" He says his nine-year-old son Habeeb is the only person in the house who really understands the TV. So he tells Habeeb which film he wants to watch and Habeeb connects his mobile phone to the TV. \"You teach your kids everyday life lessons, but the tables are turned when it comes to technology,\" says Ahad. As well as learning how to use technology properly, there is another advantage of parents asking their children to help them understand the  digital world. They may be able to get a better understanding of what their kids are doing online. Will Gardner of the charity Childnet International says, \"We have to continuously encourage parents to find out more about what their children are doing online. If the kids are using a social networking site, get them to show you around it if you are not using it already.\" \n Answer: Over two-thirds of parents turned to their teenagers on tech matters.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the new study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a3560cf332f445369515f26dbcfd5dd4",
            "input": "Article: Ray's wedding had gone off smoothly. Everyone seemed to have had a good time. A few people had too good a time; they went home with designated   drivers. All evening, the gift table remained unguarded. Who would steal anything, Ray thought. He had never heard of such a thing happening at a wedding. But his best friend Aaron said there was a first time for everything. He walked out regularly from the inside festivities to check on the gift table, making sure no one doubtful was hanging around it. Ray and Julia went on a 3-week honeymoon to Italy right after the wedding. When they got back, they opened all the gifts and sent out thank-you notes. But there was one problem. A married couple that used to be good friends had obviously given nothing. This surprised Julia, because Walt and Mary said they were excited to be invited. And, they actually seemed to have had a great time at the wedding. Frankly, Ray didn't even care if they hadn't given a gift. He just needed to know whether to send a thank-you note. Ray called Aaron. Aaron said maybe Walt had left an envelope on the gift table like Aaron had. \"Yes, but we got your envelope with the cash inside,\" Ray said. \"Maybe my envelope looked too thin, and some thief thought Walt's envelope looked nice and fat.\" Aaron asked Ray if he had looked everywhere for Walt's gift. Had he called up the wedding site to see if anything had been left behind? Ray said that he had looked everywhere and made a lot of calls that were fruitless. Ray didn't know what to do. If he sent Walt and Mary a thank-you note for a gift they hadn't given, they would be _ . If he didn't send them a thank-you note for a gift they had given, they would get angry. \"What would you do?\" Ray asked. Aaron said he would call Walt up and tell him the problem. \"You can't go wrong with simply being honest,\" Aaron said. \"Oh, yes, you can,\" Ray contradicted   him. \"Sometimes it's best to let sleeping dogs lie.\" But he thought about it, and finally decided that Aaron was right. He called Walt and told him the problem. Walt said that yes, he had given an envelope. In fact, the envelope contained $500 cash. \"$500?!\" Ray asked. \"That's a lot of cash, Walt!\" Walt admitted that it was, but he had gotten a fat raise early that year and Ray's was the only wedding he'd been to in quite a while. Ray thanked him very much, and apologized sincerely for someone stealing Walt's generous gift. Walt told him that it was \"only money\". When Ray told Aaron about Walt's gift, Aaron laughed. \"The only thief at the wedding was Walt! I stopped playing cards with him last year because I caught him cheating. And it was only a $10 pot! I'm sure I told you about that.\" \"Yes, you did tell me,\" Ray said. But, of course, he had to send Walt a thank-you note anyway. \n Answer: Aaron looked on honesty as the best policy.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4665a7d12e074ec58c726d8401ec80a8",
            "input": "Article: THIS movie is about an adventure on an island called Skull, where an oversize gorilla named Kong falls in love with a blonde beauty. Nothing much to expect, you might say . But you might be wrong. It has been 72 years since the story was first brought to the screen. But the latest movie version, \"King Kong\", is a box office hit in the prefix = st1 /US. The film opens inChinaon January 14. Kong himself resonates through American culture: his name known to every 10-year-old boy, his image used to sell everything from insurance to snacks. So what is it that makes the story attractive to generations of Americans? Set in the Great Depression of the 1930s, the film follows New Yorkactress Ann Darrow (Naomi Watts), who is kidnapped by movie makers. She was taken to theSkullIsland, where she was caught by the aboriginals, who want to sacrifice her to King Kong, a gorilla. But instead of eating Ann, King Kong saves her. He is captured and dragged back to New York. There he bursts free and climbs theEmpireStateBuildingin search of Ann. Why did King Kong appear in 1933? And why is he back now, in 2005? In 1933 a worldwide economic depression threw the future into doubt. \"The monster represents American workers' feelings at being caged by forces beyond their control,\" says Gerald Molyneaux, La SalleUniversityfilm professor and biographer of Charlie Chaplin. Now, once again, Americans worry about their future in an age of terror, threatened by the presence of \"the other\" this time by al-Qaida. But some people, on the other hand, see the movie just as what it is. \"I am confident the story is not any type of social or political allegory,\" says artist Dave Dorman, creator of the cover illustrations for the new King Kong comic books. \"Sometimes an ape is just an ape.\" \n Answer: King Kong rules",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4ce4117caeaf4163910518793dc9c515",
            "input": "Article: While on vacation in distant locales, people often find that time moves quite differently than in the places they're used to. Robert Levine and his colleagues have studied the speed of life in cities around the world and across the U.S. In a series of experiments they measured how fast a single pedestrian in a downtown center covered a distance of 60 feet, timed how long it took to complete a simple commercial transaction, and recorded the accuracy of randomly selected clocks in the downtown business area. They found that places with a faster pace of life also had stronger economies, and that people in larger cities tended to move faster than those in less populated areas.     So as you might expect, fast-moving people are associated with fast-moving economies. But does that faster life translate into greater happiness? In faster places, people were more likely to smoke, less likely to take the time to help strangers in need, and more likely to die from heart diseases. Yet Levine and his colleagues found that people in faster places tended to report feeling somewhat happier with their lives than those who lived in slower places. A city's pace of life was indeed \"significantly related\" to the physical, social, and psychological well-being of its inhabitants.     However, the relationship between income and reported happiness is far from obvious. According to the \"Easterlin paradox(,)\" (named after economist Richard Easterlin), once people have enough money to meet their basic needs, having more money is not necessarily correlated with higher self-reported happiness. Easterlin's claims are controversial and not universally accepted; even if his theory is correct, wealthier nations might be happier overall if they address the basic needs to more of their people. In any case, the ongoing debate indicates that we need to be careful when making connections between happiness and overall economic factors.     Among individuals in a society, busyness -- or the feeling of busyness -- seems to be an important factor in well-being. That feeling of busyness -- of having a lot to do and too little time in which to do it is often associated with stress and anxiety. However in many contexts being \"busy\" is badge of honor: Busy parents are seen as devoted to their children's well-being and the busy lawyer can charge a premium hourly rate. In US studies, the happiest people reported that they were busy, in the sense that they had little excess time, yet did not feel rushed.     Levine's work raises the possibility that an individual's feelings about their use of time contribute as much or more to their happiness as does economics. Now the big challenge is to find out which way the causal chain works: Does the feeling of being active, yet not rushed, contribute to happiness? Or does happiness allow people to perceive  their use of time in positive ways? \n Answer: It was mainly conducted in the western world.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about Levine's study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8bd831398bdd43399481410f159f9b2d",
            "input": "Article: Family life is being disrupted because parents and children are overwhelmed by the huge volumes of emails and social messaging updates they are handling each day, according to a new study.As a result one in three of us are now desperate to cut down our use of Twitter and Face book as well as emails. Surprisingly the study, by Cambridge University, found children as well as adults preferred to communicate face to face.More than half of all families said a \"technology-free\" time is important and a third of parents said technology had disrupted family life.The findings led family groups to warn that if parents end up spending more time checking emails and social networks than with their children, it could have a detrimental effect on the home. Amongst children aged 10 to 18, who have grown up with new technology, 38% admitted feeling overwhelmed by the volume of messages.Similar numbers of adults felt the same way, with 34 per cent of 25 to 34 year olds agreeing. Justine Roberts, founder of parenting website Mums net, warned: \"Social media is something we have to keep a watch on because it can eat into your life.\" \"We encourage our members to switch off because otherwise you can't give your kids and husband the time they need.\" She added: \"Websites like Face book and Twitter can be enjoyable and addictive but, like with everything, it needs to be taken in moderation.\" The survey also discovered that 43 percent of children and 33 percent of adults are taking steps to reduce their reliance on messaging, text and networking.But only one in five said they would be reducing the number of text messages they are sending and even less said they will be writing fewer emails.Nearly 43 percent said they have had a cull of their Face book \"friends\" and followers on Twitter in an attempt to cut down on the amount of time spent on the websites. As part of the research, 63 families were asked to keep a diary of their use of communications technology.More than 1,250 adults were questioned in the research which was paid for by BT - the biggest broadband provider in the country. \n Answer: Because they have no free time.",
            "output": [
                "Why are many people trying to cut down the use of Twitter and Face book as well as emails?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a157ff76a11043b6abe5a6e955a80716",
            "input": "Article: Poems are essential to human beings. We can't live without them.  We need poems, and the fact that we consider them not worth our time, is something that leaves us impoverished  . If we don't read poems we are denying ourselves something important. Poems can help us get in touch with our- selves.   In one of those fragments   of poetry which many people know, John Donne wrote \" No man is an island\". He means we all live connected to one another.  But, at the same time, we all actually are islands, each occupying a consciousness different from everyone else.  How do we really know what someone else is thinking or feeling?  And, to turn it around, we should keep most of what we think and feel deep inside us, away from the scrutiny   of others. This is the province   of poetry, for it reveals what is inside a fellow human being's heart and mind. In some cases what they have to say will be important, maybe so important that it will alter your life or transform your sense of who you are and what you are capable of.   But poems are not infallible  : sometimes they can seem silly or just plain wrong. We don't have to bow down in reverence   to a poem: if we don't like what the poet is saying or how he or she is saying it, there is no reason to hide our own feelings.  If a poem doesn't seem to speak to you or me -- and we have made a serious attempt to listen -- then we are surely justified in deciding you have better things to do than to read that poem again. \n Answer: Poems are an important part of our life.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following describes the author's opinion on poems?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4c92f3ea1123415d9bbe71353c660297",
            "input": "Article: According to the dictionary definition of \"create \",ordinary people are creative every day. To create means \" to bring into being, to cause to exist\"-something each of us does daily. We are creative whenever we look at or think about something in a new way. First, this includes an awareness  of our surroundings. It means using all of our senses to become aware of our world. This may be as simple as being aware of color and texture ,as well as taste, when we plan a meal. Above all, it is the ability to notice things that others might miss. A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things. If we believe the expression,\"There is nothing new under the sun,\" the creativity is remaking or recombining the old in new ways. For example, we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture, or we might make a new combination of camera lenses and filters to create an unusual photograph. A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new ideas, to ask for them to achieve some new results. To think up a new idea is one thing; to put the idea to work is another. These three parts of creativity are included in all the great works of geniuses, but they are also included in many of our day-to-day activities. \n Answer: To \"write\" a letter with the computer.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following activities is NOT a creative one according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f56e11a7516849dfac6429e143754620",
            "input": "Article: Bananas are one of the world' s most important food crops. They are also one of the most valuable exports. Bananas do not grow from seeds. Instead, they grow from existing plants. Bananas are threatened by disease because all the plants on a farm are copies of each other. They all share the same genetic weaknesses. For example, the Cavendish banana is most popular in North American and European markets. However,some kinds of fungus organisms easily infect the Cavendish. Black Sigatoka disease affects the leaves of Cavendish banana plants. The disease is controlled on large farms by putting chemicals on the plant' s leaves. Farmers put anti-fungal chemicals on their crops up to once a week. Another fungal disease is more serious. Panama disease attacks the roots of the banana plant. There is no chemical treatment for this disease. Infected plants must be destroyed. Panama disease has affected crops in Southeast Asia, Australia and South Africa. There is concern that it may spread to bananas grown in the Americas. This could threaten an important export product for Central and South America. The International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain supports research on bananas. The group has headquarters in France and other offices in the major banana-growing areas of the world. The group says that more research must be done to develop improved kinds of bananas. The group says that fungal diseases mainly affect only one kind of banana. In fact, there are five hundred different kinds of bananas. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has said that the Cavendish banana represents only 10% of world production. The U.N. agency says farmers should grow different kinds of bananas. This protects against diseases that affect only one kind. Experts warn that disease may cause the Cavendish banana to disappear. This happened earlier to another popular banana because of its genetic weakness against disease. \n Answer: The risk to a popular banana shows need to grow other kinds.",
            "output": [
                "What does this passage mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5f79a986b18246789b541e8230954e3b",
            "input": "Article: Scientists who discovered a new way of generating electricity from water say they may have come across an alternative source of clean energy to rival wind and solar power. The breakthrough, which scientists say is the first new way to generate electricity in 160 years, could lead to batteries that use water instead of poisonous substances. The scientists made the discovery when they were investigating what happens when tap water is forced through extremely narrow glass tubes. Water squeezed down the tubes, each of which was narrower than a tenth the thickness of a human hair, generating a small electric current that ran the length of the tube. To produce a larger electric current, the team tried forcing water through a glass water filter that contained thousands of narrow channels lined up side by side. \"When we took a syringe of water and squeezed it through the filter, we got enough power to light a light bulb,\" said Larry Kostiuk of the University of Alberta in Canada. \"The harder you push the syringe, the more electric current you get.\" The current is produced because of an effect in the glass tubes. When they are filled with water, positively charged ions fixed in the tubes are washed away, leaving a slight negative charge on the glass surface. When water is then forced along the tube, the surface _ negatively charged ions in the water while positively charged ions are attracted down the tube. The result is a net flow of positively charged ions that sets up an electric current. According to Dr Kostiuk, no one has ever thought to use water to produce electricity in this way. \"The last time someone came up with a way of generating electricity was Michael Faraday in 1839,\" he said. \"So this is the first new way of generating electricity in 160 years, which is why we are so excited about it.\" Dr Kostiuk says water batteries might one day be used to power mobile phones and calculators, but admitted that the engineering challenges might make other applications more realistic. \"You'd need to be sure it wouldn't leak, and you'd need to make sure it wouldn't freeze,\" he said. More likely would be to install the electricity-generating devices where water is already being pumped, such as at city water filtration sites, he said. \"It could compete with wind and solar power,\" he added. \n Answer: A kind of new energy source found in tap water.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly want to tell us about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-12b8e357c91a4974a5570d181c52fe1e",
            "input": "Article: If you don't prepare yourself now, retirement may be some of the most boring and dull years of your life. To have a happy, fulfilling retirement, you need to start preparing right away. The most obvious thing for people to do when they retire is to take up a hobby. The most important step to take before retiring, though, is to make sure that you actually have started some hobbies. Once you're retired, unless you 've already started a hobby, you'll find it very hard to get into something new. Some hobbies aren't for everyone. Think about what you enjoy doing and start participating on a casual basis now. Another thing many people participate in is volunteering. Not only does volunteering give you something to do, it also gives you a sense of accomplishment  and can add meaning to your life .Volunteering is also rewarding in other ways, too. There are hundreds of different types of volunteer services and you'll always be able to meet new and interesting people. Also, don't think that volunteering is always only about helping someone for free. Many companies pay their volunteers after they've had enough experience and prove themselves to be valuable workers. There are plenty of other potions, as well. Going back to school is a great way to keep yourself feeling young. Taking a vacation around the world with your loved ones is another great way to spend your retirement. Ultimately, though, the key to a happy retirement is simply keeping yourself busy and doing whatever you love. If there's nothing you love doing now, then you'll find that once you have a vast amount of free time, your life will be pretty empty. Now is the time to find out what you want to do when you retire. \n Answer: Because we are likely to have difficulty starting a hobby after retirement.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author suggest starting a hobby before retirement?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c32b08902d1d4b41b372095ccf711280",
            "input": "Article: Successful people have developed habits leading to success. Those are the people you want to study and follow. Do what they do. Read what they read. If they are local, see if you can take them to lunch and ask questions. If not, get a hold of some of the things they have written about or listen to them. Most successful people enjoy the opportunity to coach people along and to help them become successful. It is their way of giving back.  The trouble is that most people won't ask. They come up with excuses. They say to themselves, \" I am not important enough for this person to talk to me.\"  The successful people understand that life is a learning experience and it doesn't stop in school. They always strive( ,) to reach the next level. Life will always give you the results of your actions. Ask yourself what actions are you taking? What are you creating? You create what you think about. Willie Hooks calls it our h. a. b. e.'s. Our habits, attitudes, beliefs and expectations. Before starting any new habit we have to know what we want. So how do we permanently  change our habits? Start your action plan. Put your plan together. What do I need to do first? Set my goals. Then next I would put a diet plan together. Then I would start an exercise program. You get the idea. Put a good solid plan together. So there it is in a nutshell. We have the power to change any bad habit that we don't like. Will it be easy? Probably not, but it might not be as hard as we think either. The hard part is to get started. Remember that these habit have been a part of us for a long time so don't expect miracles at first. Use the process described above and you cam overcome and change any habit that you want to change. \n Answer: Hardships, aims, behaviors and excuses.",
            "output": [
                "What does h. a. b. e's stand for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d2fca571ad314fbe9ded245254195b4e",
            "input": "Article: Everyone is busy nowadays.It's hard to find time for anything.From the time we wake up in the morning until the time we go to bed, it's hard to find 30 minutes to simply be by yourself.If you are married with children,  I know you can relate to what I am saying. I would love to have a few days when I come home to an empty house with peace and quiet. There are days when you wish everyone on the other side of the door would simply disappear for about an hour so you can come home and relax without having to start dinner, bathe children, iron clothes for the next day.  In fact, finding time to be by yourself is totally necessary if you wish to live a happy,  and purpose driven life. If there is noise going on around you it's impossible to hear the quiet voice that speaks inside of us--that guides us and gives us direction on which path we should take and that is no good.  Most of the stuff that we need- to get done,  does nothing towards our personal development.If you simply let life direct you,  you will find that there is never time to take simply for yourself. Yes,  you can schedule a vacation every now and then and that is great.  No matter how busy your life may be,  spend time each day by yourself to think and reflect on life and listen to that inner voice.  So by yourself! Go somewhere you won't be disturbed by the children, the  _ , the phone, the television, the radio, or your emails. Go somewhere you can have total peace and quiet.Pick a time that is convenient for you. \n Answer: Married women.",
            "output": [
                "Who does the writer intend to write to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1658df2550db404a898db3ea1d0c803f",
            "input": "Article: We live in central Phoenix, near the canal . Every day I used to see a homeless old man and his scruffy little dog hanging out down there. I would tell my husband we should give him food for the little dog. It wouldn't have been a problem; we have our own \"mini farm\" of animals! But he would say \"OK!\" and then blow the idea off because of our business. Being in Phoenix, Arizona, you can just imagine how hot it gets here, but his winter was really chilly! I had just come from KFC with take-out food for dinner. As I was turning by the canal, the man and his dog were sitting right there all bundled up. Even the doggy had a coat on! Not even thinking about it, I pulled into the parking lot along the canal and piled up a plate of chicken with all the fixings for the man and his little buddy . I gave it to him with a soda and a bottle of water for the little dog. He said, \"Thank you, sweetie. You are an angel.\" And there were tears welling up in his eyes! I told him he was so welcome, and then went home. When my husband dug into the KFC bag he asked, \"Were you hungry, or what?\" I told him what I did and he said, \"Only you!\" Then he told me I had done a good thing. A few weeks later, we were walking along the canal and found the man walking to me, with his little dog. He asked whether I would mind adopting the dog. With tears in eyes, he said it had gotten too hard for him to care for the dog. He added that he was planning on heading to Washington State but his dog wouldn't have been up to it, so he hoped to give it to me. \"Only you! In this city, you are the only person I can believe in!\" Now, every time I watch and pat the dog lying near the fireplace, I will remember the old man's words and wish him good luck. \n Answer: delighted",
            "output": [
                "What did the author's husband feel when she told him what she had done?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95c90d14f32a4871ba93087ace15bbd2",
            "input": "Article: Once the 2008 Olympic Games finishes, the drums and trumpets  of the competitions would also stop. But would the city remain as lively as it would be after this world event? Investment sustainability and high demand are two highly invaluable economic concepts  that can be looked at in order to ensure post-Olympics flourish, or perhaps, an even better future for Beijingers. Naturally, an economic downturn occurs in an Olympic host city once the major event finishes. Renmin University Professor Jin Yuanpu noted that a global event like this would put Beijing into a position of large importance in the international stage. But after this event, who would use the heavily-funded equipment and public and private investments left in the city? Various economists argued that a meltdown   is highly unlikely. Jonathan Anderson, UBS Asia economist, suggested that the negative effects of the end of Beijing Olympics 2008 on the entire country aren't important compared to previous host cities. China is such a huge economy that the conclusion of the Olympics games is the same as an ant-bite on a dragon. But what about post-Olympics Beijing? Retired Headmaster of Peking University, Li Yining, noted that a long-term civil demand growth and a popular desire by companies to adopt careful financial management decisions can lead to continued investment growth. Even though demand in some departments of the economy would drop in the short-run, creativity, practicality and innovation  would be the key factors that would continually enhance the city's image and flourish long after the Olympics in the city has ended. So what's next for Beijing after the Olympics? Well, it's business as usual... \n Answer: Beijing's economy will go worse after the 2008 Olympic Games.",
            "output": [
                "Which one of the followings is the author's idea?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a7e8310daa094f46ae4dca80c7d16c2c",
            "input": "Article: Calling all poets! TIME For Kids(TFK) has a challenge for you. WHO: The contest is open to students who are 8 to 13 years old. WHAT: Write a funny, rhyming poem and enter it in the TFK Poetry Contest. By entering, the entrant  should promise that the poem is an original one that does not copy another poet's work, has not been published in an y medium and has not won an award. HOW: Send your poem by e-mail to contest@poetry4kids.com. The subject line of your e-mail message should read \"TFK POETRY CONTEST\". Be sure to include your first name only, your e-mail address and your parents' e-mail address. Limit one entry per person or e-mail account. The sponsor  is not responsible for lost, late or incomplete entries, or those not received for any reason. WHEN: This contest begins 12:01 a.m. on January 13,2013, and ends 11:59 p.m. on March 1,2013. JUDGING: All entries will be judged by poet Kenn Nesbitt, based on the following standards: creativity and o riginality (50%),use of language and rhyme (25%) and relatedness to contest theme(25%).Winner will be informed by e-mail and must respond within five days. WINNER'S LIST: For names of the winner and finalists, visit timeforkids.com (after April 1,2013, you can get for a period of 10 days). PRIZE: Our judge will select four semifinalists from which one grand-prize winner and three finalists will be chosen. The one grand-prize winner will receive an online class visit from poet Kenn Nesbitt and a signed copy of one of his books of poetry. The poem of the grand-prize winner will be published on timeforkids.com. The finalists will receive signed copies of one of Nesbitt's books of poetry. The poems of finalists will be published on timeforkids.com. \n Answer: A love poem which has been kept secret from others.",
            "output": [
                "Which may be a proper work for the TFK Poetry Contest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1ce99492de0248a28e75e6b438b4d252",
            "input": "Article: My bookshelves are full of dust--and with good reason.When iIt comes to cleaning that part of my home,I suffer from the most serious case of avoidance .  The thing is this:when I do set out to clean and re-organize my books,which seldom happens,I place myself into a really bad situation.No sooner do I take a title from the shelf, blow off the dust,and wipe down the cover thanI find myself sitting on the floor with legs crossed and my back against the wall.Pretty soon books get piled up on my legs as I am reunited with old friends.   It is as if these boobs have voices,and each  wants to say its piece.\"Remember me?I was given to you when you went into the Navy , so that you would never lack for companionshlp,\"one whispers.Another says,\"I  was your first book of poems,given to you before you learned  to love poetry.\"And a third,\"I was the book that made history so attrctive to you.\"   Perhaps thegreatest pleasuret of  re-organizing my books are the surprise--or better said,reunions--that occur. During my latest book cleaning adventure,I found one that had fallen behind the shelf:\"Tales of Edgar Allan Poe.\"Not an unusual title,but the words written on the first page made it very special\"With Love from Mom and Dad,Christma 1965.\" What's this? A book on the physics of lasers .It is filled with mathematical statements,and I had bought it at a library sale when I was 12,not long after the laser had been invented.I couldn't  understand a bit of it,bul  I did  learn what \"laser\"meant.   What I end up with when I empty my bookshelves is a cross-section of my personal history. It's like a road cut whre one sees all the layers of rock going back through time to the beginning of the simplest life forms.The books I've read--and kept--are not just old fiends.They' re my  _ . \n Answer: He considers his books treasured possessions.",
            "output": [
                "What could be said about the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0f01e900e8a54e9a8dbde55ec5c9495a",
            "input": "Article: There are three different ways to store fish. Two ways to store fish for future use are canning and freezing. Two other methods are drying and smoking. Today we have the first of the two reports describing, step by step, how to prepare dried fish.    Begin with the fish that are just out of water. If the fish are small, leave their heads on. Cut off the heads if the fish are longer than twenty centimeters or weigh more than one hundred fifteen grams.    Now clean the freshly caught fish. Cut off the scales and cut open the stomach. Remove everything inside. Then wash the fish in clean water and rub salt into them. Next, put the fish in a container with a solution of three hundred grams of salt and one liter of water. This will remove the blood from the meat. Keep the fish in the salt water for about thirty minutes. After that, wash them again in clean water. Next, put the fish in a solution that has more salt in the water. The water should be salty enough so that the fish float to the top. If the fish sink to the bottom of the container, add more salt to the water. Cover the container with a clean piece of wood. Place a heavy stone on the wood to hold it down. Leave the fish there for about six hours. After that remove them from the salt water and place them on a clean surface. Cover the fish with a clean piece of white cloth and let them dry. Another method of preparing fish is called dry salting. Wooden boxes or baskets are used for drying salting. After cleaning the fish, put a few of them on the bottom of the box or basket. Cover them with salt, then put more fish on top. Cover them also with salt. Continuing putting fish and salt in the container until it is full. Do not use too much salt when using the dry salting method. You should use one part salt to three parts fish. For example, if you have three kilograms of fish, you should use one kilogram of salt. Remove the fish after a week or ten days. Wash them in a mixture of water or a small amount of salt and let them dry. We have talked a lot about salt. keep in mind that doctors advise people to limit the sodium   in their diet. It can raise blood pressure, and some people have more of a reaction than others. \n Answer: While salting fish, firstly you should put all the cleaned fish at the bottom of a box.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is TRUE according to the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-29bd5421918c45d993b4ba72a6d634cb",
            "input": "Article: Were you born in the 1990s? Do you think you are different from older generations? As there has been considerable discussion about \"the post1990s\" in newspapers and on the Internet recently, people including the group themselves, have begun to look at some things that help shape their culture. Do you find them true? 1. Jay Chou He is not handsome. When he hums no one can understand him. But the 28yearold Taiwan singer has stolen the hearts of many boys and girls who  were born in the 1990s. They are crazy about him. Huang Kaiqin, a 16yearold Shanghai student, said,\"I love him! I love everything from his lyrics to his melody , and to his attitude toward the life. \" 2. PSP Its full name is Play Station Portable and it's a Sony product for game fans. Teens love it because PSP is better than the Game Boy in terms of pictures, controls and choices of games. With a PSP you can also play MP3 or MP4, watch movies and so on. 3. Naruto Among all the popular cartoons and comic books, the Japanese manga series has been this generation's favorite read. Naruto, who was orphaned at birth, grows from being a naughty boy to a powerful ninja  . Naruto teaches readers that honor is very important and not to give up, even if something is hard to achieve. 4. iPods MP3s are not in any way, shape or form. But the iPod is amazing because it is a complete library of music in your hand. Post90s are always excited about the latest product. 5. Tuzki Tuzki, the white and hairy baby rabbit, was not born until January this year. But Tuzki's popularity has been spreading quickly among post90s who like QQ and MSN. Wang Lin, a college student, created the cool little rabbit. 6. Chat lingo On the Internet, the chat lingo is cool and convenient. But one day, teachers notice a new generation of errors entering their students' essays.  Words such as \"3Q\",\"ORZ\" and \"b4\" confuse adults but are part of teens' everyday lives. \n Answer: Tuzki is a college student born in January.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is WRONG?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-04de0d926e8b4241bfad1e357dcf2d8d",
            "input": "Article: After the \"Big Bang \",the earth was just a cloud of energetic dust. What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun. The problem was that the earth became violent because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going round the sun. Water had already disappeared from planets like Mars or satellites like the moon, but it stayed on the earth. This is how the earth began to show its special qualities. Many people think that this was important for the beginning of life. It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases, which had become part of the earth's atmosphere, into the oceans and seas. That made it possible for life to begin to develop. What scientists think is that the earth was different because of the arrival of small plants growing in the water on its surface. Nobody understood that these plants were the start of many changes. They multiplied and filled the first oceans and seas with oxygen .This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Many millions of years later the first green plants began to appear on land. Scientists believe that taking carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and filling the air with oxygen helped life to develop. Later land animals appeared. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the sea. When the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying eggs. Later, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed, They laid eggs too. They became the most important animals on the earth for millions of years. But when they disappeared, mammals became more important. They were the last group of animals and they were different because they produced their young from within their bodies. Small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. They developed new methods of growing food, hunting and moving around. As time went by they covered the earth and have become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not taking care of the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. The earth may become too hot for the lives on it. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. \n Answer: The water remained.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the earth different from other planets?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e10eb06962db409480a9ecccb1d23dec",
            "input": "Article: Is it possible that the sinking of the Titanic was caused by a ghost? A plot of the story below is true ... but did it really happen quite like this? Our story begins not in the icy cold waters of the North Atlantic, but rather thousands of miles away in Egypt. It is here, perhaps, that we can find the start of the mystery   of the Titanic, in the year 1910, in the great city of Cairo. One day, a famous professor of Egyptian history called Douglas Murray was staying in Cairo, when he was contacted by an American adventurer. The American had something unusual to offer Murray, something that was certain to thrill him: a beautiful ancient Egyptian mummy case, containing the mummy of an Egyptian queen. It was over 3,000 years old, but in beautiful condition -- gold, with bright paintings on it. Murray was delighted with both the object and the askingprice. He gave the man a cheque immediately. The cheque was never cashed. That evening the American adventurer died. For his part, Murray arranged to have the treasure sent back to Britain. However, it was not long before he learnt more about the beautiful mummy case: On the walls of the tomb in which it had been discovered, there were messages which warned of terrible consequences to anyone who broke into the tomb. Murray was disbelieving of these warnings until a few days later, when a gun he was holding exploded in his hand, shattering his arm. The arm had to be cut off. After the accident, Murray decided to return to his homeland. On the return journey, two of his companions died mysteriously, and two servants who had handled the mummy also passed away. The nowterrified Murray decided he would get rid of the _ case as soon as he arrived in London. A lady he knew named Janet Jones said she would like it, so he gave it to her. Shortly afterwards, Jones' mother died, and she herself caught a strange disease. She tried returning the mummy, but naturally Murray refused it. In the end, it was presented to the British Museum. Even in the museum, the mummy apparently continued to cause strange events. A museum photographer died shortly after taking pictures of the new exhibit, and a manager also died for no apparent reason. In the end, the British Museum decided to get rid of the mummy too. They sold it to a collector in New York. At the start of April 1912, arrangements for the transfer were complete, and the mummy began the journey to its new home. But the New Yorker never received the mummy or its case. For when the Titanic sank, one of the objects in its strongroom was the mummy case. Or so they say. \n Answer: Under the sea.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, where is the Egyptian mummy now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8cf60302e64e4d7ba83a5923a7f35f4a",
            "input": "Article: Late that afternoon I took the train back to Sydney . There I found another surprise waiting for me . My room at the hotel had been given to somebody else and they had no room for me. Harkin had known my travel plans and had planned everything . How could he have booked the room only for three days ? There was nothing to be done but to find another hotel. The waiters were happy to find me a new hotel , and when I said that I was happy to stay at the airport , thinking it might be cheaper than staying in the city , they suggested the Holiday Inn at the airport . There was one small matter : the room rate was $ 300 per night . The best hotel in Katoomba had wanted only $ 145 . I asked if there was anything cheaper they might suggest but they warned that most hotels would already be full by this time. The hotel was far from the train station , so I had to take a taxi , at $ 25 . On the way to the Holiday Inn , we passed a hotel just two blocks from the Holiday Inn that advertised a room rate of $ 104 . At the desk I asked if their room rate could go down a lot . \" No , this is a 4-star hotel,\" the waiter told me . \" In that case ,\" I replied , \" I'll just walk the two blocks to the cheap hotel.\" But she warned me that they were probably full and that if I didn't take the room , it might not be available when I came back . Finally , I decided to take the room. The room itself was big , but the air conditioning couldn't keep up with the Australian heat . I couldn't sleep until about 1:00 am. \n Answer: Harkin made a mistake.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer have to look for another hotel ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d45607780544a58b61be2238a25b7eb",
            "input": "Article: There are many famous writers in the English world, among whom Jane Austen  (1775--1817) has been popular with all ages. But then Jane Austen wrote her novels in England, she was writing about a world that most of us would not recognize. But today Austen's books are in greater demand than ever. In the last ten years, five of the six novels have been made into Hollywood films, while her books continue to be bestsellers. So why is Austen still popular? Richard Jenkyns, a professor of English at Oxford University, argues that her novels still appeal to people because they focus on issues that are as _ today as they were when she wrote them. Her novels are about women trying to find a perfect husband, but also explore issues surrounding marriage, friendship and the family. \"The plots are fairly timeless stories about human interaction which are familiar to us,\" Jenkyns says. The most famous book Austen wrote is Pride and Prejudice,a love story betweenElizabeth Bennett and Mr. Darcy. At first the two characters do not get on. They finally fall in love, but still have to overcome opposition   to their relationship from their families. All of Austen's books are easy to read, making them popular with children and adults, but they work on different levels so people can take what they need from them, author Kate Henry says. Austen is often praised as the greatest romance writer in the English language, so it is surprising she remained unmarried. \"Maybe she was too much of a romantic, waiting for a perfect man,\" Henry says. \n Answer: Her novels are all about love and marriage.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can NOT explain why Austen is still popular?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4883038c12684dc19b23bbfb91166981",
            "input": "Article: Angelina Jolie is an American actress. She has received an Academy Award and three Golden Globe Awards. Jolie is keen on charity, and is noted for her work with   refugees as a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). She has been recognized as one of the world's most attractive people, as well as the world's \"sexiest\" and \"most beautiful\" woman. Born in Los Angels, California, Jolie is the daughter of actors Jon Voight and Marcheline Bertrand. After her parents' separation in 1976, Jolie and her brother were raised by their mother, who abandoned her acting ambitions and moved with them to Palisades, New York. As a child, Jolie regularly saw movies with her mother and later explained that this has inspired her interest in acting. Jolie achieved wider fame after her performance of video games heroine Lara Croft in Lara Croft: Tomb Raider, and since then she has established herself as one of the best-known and highest-paid actress in Hollywood. Jolie has had her biggest commercial successes with the action-comedy Mr.&Mrs.Smith. After divorcing her second ex-husband, Jolie lives with actor Brad Pitt, in a relationship that has attracted world-wide media attention. Jolie and Pitt have three adopted children, Maddox, Pax, and Zahara, and three biological children, Shiloh, Knox, and Vivienne.ks#5u It's reported recently that Jolie and Brad Pitt have finally decided to legally become husband and wife, and the wedding ceremony will take place in September in their France castle. The couple will leave Hollywood, choosing to  _ to southern France. They will also leave the U.S. to move to Europe. It seems that Jolie and Pitt will do this for their six children, who greatly desire this. \n Answer: She was good at acting when she was just a child.",
            "output": [
                "What do you think is the reason for Jolie's interest in acting when she was a child?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e7bd45baa5e4d1f810869566dc0add0",
            "input": "Article: Tips for developing an exercise plan for your brain You know that eating a sensible diet and getting plenty of exercise help your body healthy and strong. But did you know that there are ways to make your brain healthier and smarter? Studies show that when the brain is _ to do something new, it creates new neural pathways . The more pathways you have, the faster you can think and the better memory you will have. Ten steps toward a smarter brain Limit your TV time Watching an average TV show requires very little brain power and brings the same result as neglecting physical exercise. Your brain will become weak just as your muscles do. If you watch TV, choose something educational and informative. Travel Traveling to a new country forces you to see and do things in a new way, providing stimulation  to the brain. Learn a new language Acquiring a new language involves different learning methods. Learning a language sharpens your brain and helps prevent memory problems in later years. Master a new subject Each week, select an animal, a bird or a fish, and read everything you can about it. Stretch  your brain as you become an expert on the subject. Use your non-dominant hand If you are right-handed, use your left hand for everyday activities, or use your right hand if you are left-handed. Doing familiar things in a new way will cause your brain to create new neural networks. Read often As you read, take the time to look up people or places that aren't familiar. Reading expands your vocabulary if you search for words and definitionsthat you don't know. Do puzzles According to the Mayo Clinic, doing sudoku and crossword puzzles keeps the brain sharp into your senior years. Calculate while you shop As you put things in your grocery cart, total everything in your head. See how much close you get to the actual total. Play video games Studies have found that certain video games force you to use critical decision-making skills and can even improve students' math scores. Tweet!(,) Read messages from people who represent a wide range of interests. And some say that learning to express yourself in just 140 characters is a great brain challenge! So get in the habit of challenging your brain, and make yourself smarter! \n Answer: Writing short messages often can also make you healthier .",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2cfda2be74ff4422a7c0b9bbbca85560",
            "input": "Article: What's On?  _  7.30pm-1.00am   Free at the Cyclops Theatre Do you know who's playing in your area? We're bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract ? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He's going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce you music.  _  8.30pm-10.30pm   Comedy at Kaleidoscope Come and see Gee Whizz perform. He's the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks .  _  5.00pm-7.30pm    Wednesdays at Victoria Stage This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years' experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.  _  8.00pm-11.00pm     Pizza World Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta . Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine. \n Answer: Jules Skye.",
            "output": [
                "Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0786f430d2b043d2a7b21c3d58a568ca",
            "input": "Article: The television news feature about Ben Heckmann, an eighth grader from Farmington, Minn, was breathless in its praise. \"At 14, he has accomplished something many adults can't achieve,\" the reporter said, \"Ben is a twice-published author.\" But Ben's two \"Velvet Black\" books, describing a fictional rock band, were not picked from a pile of manuscripts by an eagle eyed publisher. They were self-published, at the cost of $400 by Ben's parents. Over the past five years, print-on-demand technology and a growing number of self publishing companies whose books can be sold online have inspired writers of all ages to avoid the traditional gatekeeping system for determining who could call himself a \"published author.\" The mothers and fathers who foot the bill say they are simply trying to encourage their children, in the same way that other parents buy equipment for a promising baseball player. But others see self-publishing as a lost opportunity to teach children about hardship and perseverance. Mr. Robbins, a critic, thinks it is wonderful to start writing at a young age, but worries self-publishing sends the wrong message. \"There are no prodigies  in literature,\" he said. \"Literature requires experience, in a way that mathematics and music do not.\" Alan Rinzler, a publishing industry veteran, suggested parents hire a professional editor like him to work with their child to tear a manuscript apart and help make a better. Ben's father, Ken, said Ben's ambitions \"weren't to knockHarry Potteroff the list,\" but \"to get that good feeling inside that you've done something.\" Ajla Dizdarevic, 12, who has self-published two books of poetry, has been on television and in local newspapers. \"Being a published author,\" she said, \"was always a dream of mine.\" Her new dream: three books by age 15. \n Answer: He has achieved something unusual for his age.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true of Ben?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-35cd7a48ec4e4caf87ce6b63256aee17",
            "input": "Article: Bean and other seed shoots are also known as sprouts  . The dry bean seeds contain a store of nutrients just waiting to be released when they sprout. Under the right conditions they will germinate  .  As they grow, the food value of the seeds is multiplied into vitamins, minerals   and other nutrients. This happens almost overnight! It is easy to grow your own sprouts, but you need to buy your seeds from supermarkets or health food stores. Seeds for planting in the garden are often powdered with chemicals, so when becoming sprouts they are not safe to eat. Try growing sprouts from a variety of beans and seeds. You will find different sprouts at different stages. Bean sprouts are best when they are about three centimeters long. Wheat and sunflower sprouts taste best when the sprouts and the seeds are of the same length. If the sunflower sprout is too long it leaves a funny stinging feeling in the throat after eating. Alfalfa sprouts are best when their small leaves are well developed. Pea and soybean sprouts are good long or short. If you leave your sprouts in filtered sunlight for a few hours, the leaves will turn green as chlorophyll   is added. Eating sprouts with green leaves benefits your blood, cells, and the digestive system. \n Answer: Soybean sprouts",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following sprouts taste good whether they are long or short?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-377e9978ea3044e29077c8a3c3c23ce7",
            "input": "Article: My family moved around a lot when I was growing up.In 2nd grade,I lived here in Washington D.C,where I made an amazing group of friends.I was upset when my parents told me we were moving again and I would have to leave all my best friends behind. In 7th grade.we moved back to Washington D.C.And I could not have been more excited and I felt like I was finally home again.But things had changed.There were two new girls,who decided that they didn't like me,which meant no one else could,not even all my former best friends. And then one day during school,I opened my locker,only to find a note lying on the floor.The note said:Die.Nobody likes you. My heart started beating faster and I felt the blood rushing to my face.I had no idea what to do.The note wasn't signed and I had no idea who had written it,but I figured the new girls were behind it.I had to sit in class all day with my head down,wondering who else knew about this shame.I felt horrible and sure that nothing would ever be good again. I decided that the perfect way to end all of this was with another note,left on the bathroom mirror at school. It's sad for someone to bully other classmates to make themselves feel better or look cool.Bullying others is a way to impress others.It's common,but that doesn't mean it's okay.Looking cool is not worth making others feel bad.Obviously I'm very happy now,but it doesn't mean I'11 ever forget about that note or how it made me feel.And to those of you that are current victims  of bullying--know that you are NOT alone.It will get better.I promise. \n Answer: She had to leave best friends.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the author unhappy when she left Washington D.C.?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e1994b59b5c2441a8d01be4c9927c64b",
            "input": "Article: The tallest building in the United States, the One World Trade Center, opened on November 3, 2014 in New York. The building is 1,776 feet tall, making it the 3rd tallest building in the world. It has 104 floors. The building stands in the area where the twin towers of the World Trade Center once stood. On September 11, 2001, a group of terrorists destroyed these twin towers and killed nearly 3,000 people. It took 8 years to build the new One World Trade Center. Does the height of the building in feet reminds you of something in history? _ is the year when the United States declared  its independence  from Great Britain. One problem with such a tall building is how to clean the windows. Well, a platform  hangs from ropes, and workers on the platform clean windows. On November 12, while two men were busy cleaning windows, a rope of the platform broke near the 68th floor. The two men were saved by cutting a hole in the glass window. The two tallest buildings in the world are the BurjKhalifa in Dubai, UAE and the Makkah Royal Clock Tower in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. \n Answer: November 3, 2014.",
            "output": [
                "When did the One World Trade Center open?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e7ec01614384ef7a11c01af96b5d48e",
            "input": "Article: In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, though normally temporary, consequence of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important long-term relationship. In these cases, loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person or from dropping out of social circles. The loss of a significant person in one's life will typically lead to a grief response; in this situation, one might feel lonely, even while in the company of others. There are many different ways used to treat loneliness. The first step that most doctors recommend to patients is treatment. Short term treatment typically occurs over a period of ten to twenty weeks. During treatment, emphasis is put on understanding the cause of the problem, thoroughly changing the negative thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected. Some doctors also recommend group treatment a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system. Another treatment is animal-assisted treatment. Studies and surveys indicate that the presence of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can ease feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for socializing with other pet owners. Results of a study also suggest that correcting improper social cognition   offers the best chance of reducing loneliness. However, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the creative process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to remarkable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson, and many musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, rather, it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals engaged in creative activities. \n Answer: Losing long-term friendship.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what can lead to loneliness?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-58205c79d0134eb081384b3c3cdb8d31",
            "input": "Article: Talking behind someone's back is considered to be rude and mean. Such a conversation can cover all kinds of criticism, from their looks to their work and personality. The other day at lunch I was with a group of colleagues, and we were talking about our boss. She is the new headmaster of our middle school. We talked about how kind she is to us. She handwrites notes to wish us happy holidays or to thank us for jobs well done. She checks on us when she knows we're facing difficulties outside school with our health or with our families. We talked about the good role model that she is for the young women in our school and the fair but firm way she treats students and parents. I thought about this after lunch. Sometimes we have the good fortune to be part of another kind of \"talking behind someone's back\". And too often when we say something good about someone behind their backs, they never know about it! That night, I sent her an email to report the conversation. She replied by saying how much she appreciated hearing about this, and how it made a bright spot in a tough week of testing. Watch for your next opportunity to be the reporter! Make sure you tell them about the nice things said behind their backs! Because how will they know unless we tell them? \n Answer: A teacher",
            "output": [
                "What do you conclude from the text the writer might be?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-92952b13de9e4220906e9a04268955e7",
            "input": "Article: Nanjing-style paper cutting is an important part of Chinese paper cutting. It is known for its different designs, simplistic but graceful shapes, finely cut lines and unique skills. Zhang Fanglin is a leading figure in the Nanjing-style paper cutting. Zhang was born in a paper-cutting family. He is the fourth generation to continue the family's paper-cutting skills. Taught by his father, he began to learn paper cutting in his childhood. In 1963 when he was only 14 years old, he started his artistic career in a local folk handicraft factory. Over the past decades, Zhang has created many works and developed excellent skills. In 1985, Zhang was admitted into Nanjing Municipal Fine Arts Company, creating and designing paper cuts. Throughout his artistic career, Zhang has absorbed characteristics and elements of various styles of paper cutting and created a large number of creative paper-cutting works. Thanks to his great contributions, he won many national prizes and was awarded the title of \"National Master Artist in Handicraft Art\". As a leading figure, Zhang Fanglin has been invited to more than 30 countries and regions around the world, showcasing his paper-cutting skills. In the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, Zhang showcased his new creations of gold foil-embedded paper cutting works. \n Answer: A paper cutting artist.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fa449f27e1bb49908ababd59735659e8",
            "input": "Article: Hundreds of years ago, Native-American tribes lived in Mexico. The Aztecs built beautiful cities. They had a calendar   and a written language. However, the Spanish destroyed the Aztecs in l521. For the next 300 years, Spain ruled over Mexico. That's why Mexicans speak Spanish. Every September l6 the Mexican people hold a celebration in Mexico City, their country's capital. It is their Independence Day. On that date in 1821 they told Spain they would no longer be ruled. Breaking free from Spain caused a war. When it was over, the Mexicans had their own government. They made their own laws. Today America and Mexico are friends, but it wasn't always that way. President James Polk wanted America to reach from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. He tried to buy what is now the American southwest from Mexico. Mexico would not sell. So from l846 to 1848 Mexico and America fought a war to ascertain where their borders would be. When the war ended, Mexico had lost a lot of land. Now the Rio Grande River forms the border between the two nations. America is on the north side of the river. Mexico is on the south side. Mexico has mountains and a hot, dry climate. Crops can grow on only a small part of the land. Still, Mexicans grow much of the coffee, oranges, and sugar used in the US. Mexicans have influenced building styles in southwestern US and added words such as patio and canton to American English. Americans also enjoy eating many Mexican foods like burritos, tacos, tortillas, and tamales. \n Answer: The Spanish ruled Mexico.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what happened second on historical timeline?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4b655dd3002d448facfc03bed725e9c6",
            "input": "Article: On April 20,2013, a big and powerful earthquake attacked Ya'an, Sichuan Province. A great many buildings and houses _ a lot of people were killed and even more people lost their homes in the earthquake . Death toll from the 7.0-magnitude earthquake that hit Ya'an in southwestern China's Sichuan Province has risen to 188 (as of 18:00 pm, April 22, ), according to latest calculations by local Civil Affairs Bureau. At least 11,826 were reportedly injured in the quake while 25 are still missing, the bureau said. Experts are anticipating much less casualties in the quake than that from the 8.0 magnitude quake hit Wenchuan on May 12, 2008, also in Sichuan Province, which killed more than 80,000 and injured over 300,000. Energy released from Wenchuan earthquake would be 30 times of that from Ya'an quake, according to Zhang Xiaonan, an expert with China's Geophysical Union. Dai Junwu with Harbin-based seismological bureau expects the death toll at less than 1,000, and economic losses from the quake could reach up to 100 billion yuan. Police and expert teams have already rushed for rescue in the quick stricken areas, and the State Council has banned unauthorized rescue efforts and individual vehicles from going to the quake zone to avoid congestion . Rescue efforts were carried \"timely and orderly\", said Chinese Premier Li Keqiang who flew to the quicken-stricken area on Sunday, the second day of the quake. He was quoted as saying that \"the current priority is to save lives\". \n Answer: April 20,2013",
            "output": [
                "When did Ya'an earthquake occur?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5dd82064c4004f3bbef409c5cd17a1bf",
            "input": "Article: While firing off pictures of a curious five-month-old fox, photographer Simon Czapp soon realized his subject had quite an interest in photography herself. The clever fox was so curious about the camera equipment that she climbed right on top of it. And while she was supposed to be the subject of the shoot, the fox stood on the shutter release button   and took her own  _ . Mr Czapp visited the New Forest Wildlife Park to capture images of new arrival Jessie. She has been at the animal park in Ashurst, Hampshire -- home to wolves, deer and other animals in 25 acres of ancient woodland -- after being abandoned by her mother. Mr Czapp said, \"Jessie was very playful and curious and not at all camera shy. Soon after I arrived she was chewing my shoes and everything seemed to be a game to her. Then she started exploring the camera I had set up on a tripod  . She balanced her front paws on it and at one point knocked it over.\" He put the camera back on the tripod and Jessie soon jumped back up. At one point she had all four paws on the camera and was keeping her balance. Mr Czapp added, \"She jumped up there several times and I realized it could make a good picture. As I was leaving with the public's viewing window behind me, I thought I heard the camera go off but didn't think much of it. But when I checked the memory card afterwards, I was amazed to see Jessie had actually taken two pictures of me photographing her. I couldn't believe a fox had gained an advantage over me! Jessie is a lovely little fox. There were some lovely photos of her but she obviously thought the photographer was worthy of a picture too!\" \n Answer: She loved the life in the park so much that she left her mother.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Jessie from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-12b972bfd93947ebad70480ee5afb2a5",
            "input": "Article: 2016 Exhibitions in the British Museum Sunken cities: Egypt's lost worlds 19 May-27 November 2016 Sainsbury Exhibitions Gallery AdultsPS16.50, Members/under 16s free Sunken under the sea for over a thousand years, two lost cities of ancient Egypt were lately rediscovered. Their amazing discovery is transforming our understanding of the deep connections between the great ancient civilizations of Egypt and Greece. Their story is told for the first time in this exhibition. Francis Towne's watercolours of Rome 21 January-14 August 2016 Room 90/ Open late Fridays Free, just drop in Come and experience 18th-century Rome through an astonishing series of watercolours not displayed together since 1805. Sicily: culture and conquest 21 April-14 September 2016 Room 35 Tickets: AdultsPS10, Members/under 16s free This exhibition tells Sicily's fascinating stories-from the arrival of the Greeks and other settlers, to the extraordinary period of enlightenment  under Norman rule in the 11thto 13thcenturies. Early British exploration of the classical world 14 March-27 July 2016 Room 90a/ Open late Fridays Free, just drop in This small display features a remarkable selection of drawings by British explorers and architects, who discovered and documented some of Sicily's best surviving classical sculpture and architecture. \n Answer: Sicily.",
            "output": [
                "Which place are Francis Towne's works picture about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e85e8527a5574c0592720e2e769ea558",
            "input": "Article: After almost 30 years of arguing that a black hole swallows up everything that falls into it, British astrophysicist   Stephen Hawking moved backward last week. The world-famous writer of \"Brief History of Time\" said he and other scientists had got it wrong. \"I've been thinking about this problem for the last 30 years, and I think I now have the answer to it,\" said Hawking. \"A black hole only appears to form but later opens up and set free information about what fell inside. So we can be sure of the past and can predict the future.\" The findings could help solve the \"black hole information paradox \", an important puzzle in modern physics. A black hole is an area in space where matter is under such pressure that even light can not escape from its gravitational pull . But, exactly what happens there has long puzzled scientists. Black holes occur when a powerful star burns up its nuclear fuel and gravity forces it to break down in on itself. The great weight of the star's outer layers moves in towards its center. The force of gravity keeps nearly all light from escaping and nothing inside can be seen from the outside. The star actually disappears from the universe into a point of infinite density . That is a place where the laws of general relativity that govern space and time break down. Hawking has devoted most of his life to studying these questions. At the beginning,  _ believed the holes were like a \"universal vacuum   cleaner\", sucking up everything in their path. Hawking revolutionized the study of black holes when he proved, in 1976 that, under the strange rules of quantum physics , when black holes form they send out energy and lose mass in the process. In thinking up this so-called \"Hawking radiation\", the prefix = st1 /Cambridgemathematician also created one of the biggest puzzles in physics. These particles  , he said, contained no information about what has been occurring inside the black hole, or how it formed. Under his theory, once the black hole disappears, all the information within it is lost. \n Answer: They could help solve the puzzle about black holes.",
            "output": [
                "What's the importance of Hawking's new findings?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e8b8bfe7f2b141e09bb3e20cfbfb8e60",
            "input": "Article: Chinese scientist Tu Youyou on October 5 won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine amongst a trio for discovering parasite therapies . 85-year-old Tu is awarded this world-renowned prize for her contribution to reducing the death rate of malaria, minimizing patients' suffering and promoting mankind's health. This is what science is all about. Tu's finding has saved millions' lives during the 40 years. This also proves the value of her research product. The reward is never too late in that aspect. The moment of joy and satisfaction came when she discovered the artemisinin( ) after all kinds of failures in experiments. As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of natural science award, Tu's winning completely surprised Chinese people, who have long been wondering when the first Chinese Nobel laureate in natural science would appear. Let's backtrack to 40 years ago. Tu accomplished the breakthrough findings without access to any advanced equipment, communication with outside world and papers to research. However, over the 40 years, improvements and innovations have transformed everything. Nowadays, Chinese scientists have the passion to invent. As Premiere Li Keqiang mentioned in his letter, \"Tu's winning the prize signifies China's prosperity and progress in scientific and technological field\". Tu's record-breaking winning serves as a reminder to those who are too eager for instant success. Science is never about instant success. There is no way to measure how much you spend on scientific research and compare it with how much reward you get. \n Answer: The Times",
            "output": [
                "Which magazine this passage may be mostly selected from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cbcd834a32d14753a4129762b01453cc",
            "input": "Article: Everyone has done experiments in high school laboratories, but have you ever thought about designing a satellite to explore space? On Nov. 19, a team of students from Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology in the US _ peers and even scientists by successfully launching a satellite. The first satellite designed and built by high school students was sent up into space along with a record-setting. 28 other small ones on a rocket were sent from a NASA center in Virginia, CNN reported. It took the students seven years to build. The students call their tiny satellite TJ3Sat, which is named after their school. It is just 10x10x12 centimeters and weighs only 0.89 kilograms, according to Orbital Sciences, a company which developed the rocket and supported the students' project. It can be controlled with a smartphone. Like most satellites, TJ3Sat can send and receive data. The small spacecraft is equipped with a voice synthesizer  , which can switch text to voice and transmit those sounds back to Earth over radio waves, said Orbital officials. In this case, anyone can give it a try via the project's website (school website) by submitting   a text. The texts that get approved will be sent to the satellite, changed to voice and then broadcast back to Earth via radio waves. \"I can say 'Go Colonials' on our ground station and when it is on the other side of the world, in India, someone can hear 'Go Colonials'over the radio,\" the team explains on the website. The satellite will stay in space for at least three months. School principal Evan Glazer told The Washington Post that the project started in 2006 as an activity in the spare time. Later it became a research project for a select group of seniors. At a time when American students are busy with SATs, the launch of the satellite shows what diligent teenagers can achieve when allowed to pursue their own curiosities, Glazer said. \"It used to be that kids growing up wanted to be an astronaut,\" Andrew Petro, program executive   for small spacecraft technology at NASA, said in a statement. \"I think we might be seeing kids saying what they want to do is build a spacecraft. The idea here is that they really can do that.\" \n Answer: TJ3Sat is expected to stay in orbit for the next year, sending out messages together with information about its position in space.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about TJ3Sat is TRUE according to the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-da974e13861542c2994b1c6d57de00ec",
            "input": "Article: Welcome to Our Clubs in Masonic Village Art Club The Art Club provides a place for aged people to paint, improve their artistic talents and show their works of art. Members can also sell items that they painted. The money raised goes toward providing painting supplies for club members. Anyone may join the Art Club, whether you already know how to paint or you want to learn how to better express your creativity. Painting supplies are provided by the club for free. Time: Wednesdays, Thursdays & Sundays from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. in the Freemasons Cultural Center Art Studio. Cost: $12 per year Computer Club This club is meant for aged people with little knowledge of computers. Various topics are discussed at each meeting about computers (such as the Internet, software and email) as well as related technologies. The club has a computer lab with high-speed Internet connection. Members of the club have free access to the computer lab. Time: Tuesdays and Thursdays from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. in the Computer Resource Room on Level 2 of Smith North. Open general lab sessions are available for free. Cost: $35 per year Tai Chi for Arthritis Arthritis is a common disease for old people. The joints   in the patients' body often hurt badly. Tai Chi for Arthritis is designed to improve the quality of life of those people who are suffering from arthritis using Sun-style Tai Chi. This style includes quick-moving steps and exercises that may improve mobility, breathing and relaxation. The movements don't require deep bending. Time: Wednesdays from 3:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. in the Irem Clubhouse. Cost: $65 per year \n Answer: Retired workers.",
            "output": [
                "For whom are these clubs probably designed for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e4ba883282a249f2bc1e3155493aed35",
            "input": "Article: Roger was a thief,but he wasn't very clever. When he was in school, he stole apples or oranges from other children. Sometimes he stole pencils or books from other children. But he always got caught. The teacher spoke to Roger's parents and they tried to stop him from stealing things, but Roger wouldn't stop. He kept stealing. When he was older, he began to steal from stores, but he was still stupid. Once, he went into a store wearing the clothes he had stolen the day before. The still had the price tags  on them, and the store manager called the police. They warned him that he would go to jail if he didn't stop stealing. Then Roger decided to rob a bank. He planned everything. He got some gloves so that he would not leave fingerprints, and a mask so that no one would _ him. \" But what if they recognize my voice?\" he thought. He decided to write his message on a piece of paper so that he wouldn't need to speak. He found an old envelope and wrote \"give me all the money\" on the back of it. He got a toy gun and went to the bank. He put on his musk and his gloves( and showed the note to the bank clerk. The clerk gave him all the money, and Roger ran out of the bank and went home. Ten minutes later he heard a knock on the door. It was the police. They had come to arrest him for robbing the bank. \" How did you find me so quickly?\" asked Roger \" It was easy,\" said the police.\" Your address was on the envelope!\" \n Answer: 10",
            "output": [
                "How old was Roger when he started stealing things?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6fb67267fcb0414db548c5564871f416",
            "input": "Article: Many environmentalists and entrepreneurs are looking for ideas on how to \"capture gold\" -- that is, how to collect and convert plastic waste into new plastic or fuel. OK, describing plastic waste as potential \"gold\" may be overdoing it.  But the campaigners say that publicizing the notion that plastic is worth something may help reduce the amount of waste that ends up in oceans and the bellies of sea creatures. To that end, they have set up a competition inviting members of the public to submit ideas online.  Organizers will take the best ones to the Rio+20 Earth Summit   in Rio de Janeiro next month, where they are planning a daylong side event called Plasticity focusing on issues related to plastic pollution. The plastic waste problem is gaining broader attention as environmentalists, scientists, manufacturers and the public become more aware of the sheer volume of the stuff that finds its way into the sea. More than 260 million metric tons of plastic are now produced per year, according to the trade association PlasticsEurope.  The majority of that is not recycled.  Most of it ends up in landfill, and a significant amount ends up as litter on land, in rivers and in the oceans. Technological advances have made clear that it is possible to reuse much of this plastic by turning it into fuel or new products.  Yet the companies that have come up with such solutions have not achieved the economies of scale that would allow them to function profitably.  Insufficient waste-collection and recycling systems in most countries also stand in the way of \" _ \" concept, said Doug Woodring, an environmental entrepreneur in Hong Kong who is among the organizer of the Plasticity forum  in Rio. Rather than breast-beating, the form aims to highlight some of the technologies and ideas out there for collection and reuse.  My personal favorite for now is a vacuum cleaner with plastic parts made from plastic waste. \n Answer: To hold a competition on how to deal with environmental pollution.",
            "output": [
                "What do the campaigners like to do exactly?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b67aaa32b00a427d87c12ba2cdfc4fee",
            "input": "Article: If a sitcom that lasts for l0 years is considered popular,then surely one that still arouses emotions after 20 must be considered a classic.Friends first aired in the US in 1994,featuring a cast of six young men and women in New York.In the time since,it's become one of the most famous titles in the sitcom style,aired in over 100 countries and regions in the world. The show is typical among those who grew up in the 1990s because it explores basic yet important themes like friendship,struggling to survive in a big city,and finding independence and identity,all of which are still relevant to young audiences today. Against the background of the Internet age,IT staff who were once marginalized and laughed at have experienced a revival due to the popularity of hit show The Big Bang Theory,in which four talents lacking normal social skills make an attempt at living on a college campus. At the same time,Gossip Girl,describing a young cast of New Yorkers born with silver spoons in their mouths,demonstrates the difficulties upper-class adolescents experience.The show's fashion and mature subject matter allowed it to capture the interest of both teenagers and adults. Although these typical TV shows span a wide timeline and feature a variety of themes,they all have a universal topic.Love,money,friendship,career aspirations and identity are things all young people struggle to understand.Why are they still fascinating? It remains to be found out. \n Answer: Because it predicts the future of the young at that time.",
            "output": [
                "Why is the sitcom Friends typical among young people in the 1990s?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0a1917e66adb4cff8265e3ef83b91200",
            "input": "Article: There's a time to get angry, and it's best for your child if you do. Let's say your child hits a playmate with a toy hard enough to make the other child cry. How can you teach your child to feel sorry so he or she won't do it again? Researchers say the best way for parents to react is to show their anger and to let the child know exactly why they are mad. Many parents believe that it is best to control their feelings and to wait until they're calm before scolding their children. But the mother or father who explains reasonably to a child , \"Peter was crying because you hit him,\" is not likely to attract much attention. Young children need to be scolded immediately, and strongly, before they'll take criticism  to heart. When your young child does something wrong, scold him or her seriously at once. At the same time be sure to tell the child clearly what he or she has done wrong. An angry reaction without an immediate explanation does little good. Forbidding a child to play outside or not allowing him to watch TV as a punishment works well-but only when taken together with an explanation. Make sure your child understands that although his or her wrongdoing has made you angry, you still love him or her. Use simple, direct words such as, \"You hurt peter. How would you feel if he hit you? You must never, never hurt people.\" If your voice expresses strong feeling clearly, your message will carry enough weight. \n Answer: Show the child how angry they are and tell him why.",
            "output": [
                "According to researchers, how should parents react when their child did something wrong?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-49655cf38d23477198caa0216f4c10ac",
            "input": "Article: My life suffered a lot in summer five years ago. My father died in a car accident,leaving my mother,my two younger brothers and I alone. At that time,I was a senior high school student. After my father's funeral,I had no choice but to drop out of school and work in a factory. I really wanted to return to school and wanted to go to college,but I couldn't. I only hoped to bring up my two young brothers. Life was not easy for me,for I can't afford their tuition even if I worked from day to night without stopping. Without my father's protection,I thought I was a slave to the fate. Later on,something changed my life. I still remember that it was a rainy day. I put myself in the rain and walked slowly in the street. Suddenly the rain stopped!I raised my head and found \"the sky\" was in fact a dark blue umbrella. Then I noticed a middleaged man with one leg on crutch  standing behind me. He said to me,\"Why not run without an umbrella?If you didn't run,you would get drenched.\" The man told me that he was a promoter. He once dreamed of being a policeman,but an accident ruined his dream. Though his present job was not suitable for his legs,it was a wonderful start to him. He was very happy that he didn't lose heart and still \"ran\" on the road of life... I was encouraged by the man's words. I went to a big city and  became an assurance representative. After two years' running,I did well and my family condition turned better little by little. Later I returned to school and succeeded in my entrance to university. Life is like this. When you are in rainy days in your life,if you couldn't find a way to prevent you from being wet,you would be overwhelmed. But if you decide to get rid of it,you'll discover that the rainy days last not so long as you imagine. \n Answer: He didn't have money to hold the funeral for his father.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the writer at the beginning of the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d2761c0059464f2db73c5442f41e8af0",
            "input": "Article: Four out of ten women who diet end up heavier than when they started watching their waistline, a study revealed today. The research also showed that a large percentage of women start noticing the pounds creeping back on just 21 days after reaching their ideal weight. Yesterday, Dr Ian Campbell of the Jenny Craig weight management program said, 'In the UK 61.4 percent of adults are overweight or obese. Successful weight management requires a long-term commitment in order to lose weight successfully and for good. Dieting can be a real challenge so setting realistic goals and remaining focused on them is important. Otherwise as this research shows, women could end up heavier than when they started.' The \"Food, Body, Mind\" report was publicized by Jenny Craig who quizzed 2000 women aged between 18 and 65 who diet regularly on their attitudes, beliefs and behaviors around weight loss. Six in ten said they were currently on a diet and one in five women said they were on a continuous diet. It found the most common triggers to start dieting was seeing their reflection in the mirror,  preparing for a summer holiday or unflattering photos posted on social networking sites. Other popular reasons include comments by friends or relatives or their other half. However, the study showed that one in ten give up within one day, while almost a fifth manage to make it to a week or more. The average is ten days. Many blamed pressure they put on themselves to lose weight too quickly for the weight gain, which leaves them with a bigger appetite than normal. Others blamed colleagues, who tuck into fatty lunches and snacks unaware of the effect it has on the dieter, while mothers' polishing off their children's leftovers was another common cause of weight gain. \n Answer: Diet: a tricky path to weight loss",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following might be the best title for this article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-178dd455d1aa481cb148ad3c62c92155",
            "input": "Article: Generic Name: ASPIRIN Pronunciation: ['aesp@rin] Why it is prescribed  : 1. Aspirin relieves mild to moderate pain. 2. It reduces fever, redness, and swelling. 3. It prevents blood from clotting  . When it is to be taken: 1. Aspirin is often taken without a prescription. 2. Follow the instructions on the label and package. 3. If your doctor prescribes aspirin for you, you will receive specific instructions for how often you should take it. 4. Keep in touch with your doctor. How it should be taken: 1. Aspirin comes in the form of suppositories  , capsules, and regular, coated, extended-release, and chewable tablets. 2. Regular, coated, and extended-release aspirin tablets and capsules should be swallowed with a full glass of water or milk after meals to avoid stomach upset. 3. Chewable aspirin tablets may be chewed, crushed, dissolved in a liquid, or swallowed whole; a full glass of water, milk, or fruit juice should be drunk immediately after taking these tablets. Special Instruction: 1. Children should not take aspirin for fevers associated with flu or chickenpox   because such use has been linked with a serious illness known as Reye's syndrome. 2. Adults should not take aspirin for pain for more than 10 days (five days for children) without consulting a doctor. 3. Aspirin should not be taken by adults or children for high fever, fever lasting longer than three days without a doctor's supervision  . 4. Do not give more than five doses   to a child in a 24-hour period unless directed to do so by a doctor. 5. If you miss a dose, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it and _ the prescribed schedule. Side Effects: 1. Although side effects from aspirin are not common, they can occur. 2. Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, indigestion and heartburn are common. Take aspirin after meals, with a full glass of water or milk. If these effects continue, contact your doctor. 3. Ringing in the ears, bloody or black stools  , difficulty breathing, dizziness, mental confusion and sleepiness are rare. Stop taking the drug and contact your doctor. Other Precautions: 1.  If you are pregnant or breast-feeding women, inform your doctor before taking aspirin. 2.  Do not take aspirin if you are within three months of delivery. 3.  Do not take aspirin if you are allergic   to it. 4.  If you have diabetes  , regular use of eight or more regular strength aspirin tablets a day may affect test result. 5.  If you are taking large doses of aspirin on a long-term basis, avoid having alcoholic drinks because alcohol can increase stomach problems. 6.  To prevent an overdose of aspirin, read the labels before taking other pain relievers and cold products to be sure that they do not contain aspirin. Storage Conditions: 1. Store aspirin in a cool place or in a refrigerator. 2. Throw away aspirin that smells strongly of vinegar. 3. Keep this aspirin out of the reach of children. \n Answer: It causes ringing in the ears or difficulty breathing after being taken",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about Aspirin is correct?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-161ea3c1adac43f8b68cc3ac39a403f2",
            "input": "Article: While English is getting more important in our schools, Chinese has become popular among foreign kids. But Chinese can be more difficult to learn. At least 16-year-old Piao Chenglong thinks so. \"English is easier for me. Chinese characters  have too many strokes ,\" said Piao. \"But I want to learn it. I want to study at Peking University when I grow up.\" Piao is from South Korea. He came to China in 2008. In South Korea, there are more than 300000 Chinese learners like Piao. Some South Korean students begin to learn to write the language on their first day at school. To help students learn Chinese, South Korea holds speaking competitions for high school students every year. Chinese isn't just popular in South Korea. People from all the world want to learn it. The Chinese Ministry of Education says that nearly 130 million people from 85 countries are learning Chinese. This number will be increasing to 800 million in the coming years. In America, Chinese is the second most popular foreign language after Spanish. Some American middle schools have Chinese classes. Students learn to make jiaozi and tie Chinese knots . Some even try to write and draw in Chinese way! People want to learn Chinese because China is becoming such an important country. Foreign countries want to understand China better to help them with business. The Chinese government is also helping the world learn Chinese. It has sent more than 200 Chinese teachers to more than 60 countries in the world. Many more Confucious College  will be set up in the world. These colleges will teach Chinese to foreign students. \n Answer: Chinese has become popular among foreign kids.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the topic sentence for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95dfc92b14594424a96610ba51c96f20",
            "input": "Article: Angry Birds is a video game developed by Finnish computer game developer Rovio Mohile. Inspired primarily by a sketch of stylized wingless birds, the game was first released for Apple's mobile operating system in December 2009.Since then, over 12 million copies of the game have been purchased from Apple's App Store. With its fast-growing popularity worldwide, the game and its characters---angry birds and their enemy pigs---have appeared in television programs throughout the world. The Israeli comedy A Wonderful Country ,one of the nation's most popular TV programs, satirized  recent failed Israeli-Palestinian peace attempts by featuring the Angry Birds in peace negotiations with the pigs. Clips of the segment  went _ getting viewers from all around the world. American television hosts Conan O'Brien ,Jon Steward ,and Daniel Tosh have referenced the game in comedy sketches for their programs, Conan, The Daily Show, and Dash. O. Some of the game's more famous fans include Prime Minister David Cameron of UK, who plays the iPad version of the game, and author Salman Rushdie, who is believed to be \"something of a master at Angry Birds.\" Angry Birds and its characters have also been featured in advertisements in different forms. In March 2011,the characters began appearing in a series of advertisements for Microsoft's Bing search engine. In the same year, Nokin produced an advertisement in Austin, Texas that included the game's characters on a downtown building for its new mobile phone. Later, a T-Mobile advertisement filmed in Spain included a real-life mock-up of the game in a city center .Nokin also used the game in Malaysia to promote an attempt to set a world record for the largest number of people playing a single mobile game. Angry Birds has even inspired works of philosophical analogy .A five-part essay with the title\" Angry Birds Yoga ---How to Eliminate the Green  Pigs in Your Life\" was written by Giridhari Dasar in Brazil ,utilizing the characters and game play mechanics to interpret various concepts of yoga philosophy. The piece attracted much media attention for its unique method of philosophical presentation. \n Answer: To report on the spread of Angry Birds in different media around the world .",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac4681319e1749f08e639bd5385de0b8",
            "input": "Article: A beautiful woman took a plane on business. She found her seat and sat down next to a young man. The man was just thinking of making a few dollars on the plane. When he saw the woman, he got an idea. \"Hey! Would you like to play a game?\" he asked the woman. \"No, thank you. I just want to take a nap  ,\" the woman answered. \"It's really easy. All you have to do is to answer the questions that I ask you. If you don't know the answer, you give me five dollars. If I don't know the answer to your question, then I'll give you five dollars.\" \"No,\" the woman still refused. \"OK. If I don't know the answer to your question, I'll give you five hundred dollars. How about that?\" the man said. Then the woman became interested and decided to join in the game. \"OK. How many moons does Jupiter   have?\" asked the young man. The woman reached into her purse and took out a five-dollar bill. \"What goes up the mountain with three legs and comes back with four?\" the woman asked. Then the young man took out his computer and searched the Internet for an answer. Minutes later, the young man handed five hundred dollars to the woman. After a few hours, the young man really wanted to know the answer to the question. So he asked the woman, \"What is the answer to your question?\" The woman reached into her purse and handed the young man a five-dollar bill. \n Answer: He wanted to make friends with the woman.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the man ask the woman to play a game?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ec731a3f215b4481b485915928a5a571",
            "input": "Article: Zhang Wenchi is a 19-year-old student of Hubei Xiangyang No.1 High School. He is very brave and always helps others in need. On March 26, 2012, Zhang donated bone marrow   at the Navy General Hospital of Beijing. He is the youngest and the first high school student to do it. Last April, Zhang became a blood donor on his 18th birthday. He also joined the China Marrow Donor Program that day. Six months later, his bone marrow was chosen as a match for a 4-year-old leukemia   patient from Fujian. Zhang was studying for the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) when the call from the Chinese Bone Marrow Donors came. He found out that the patient could not wait, or things might get worse. With the support of his family and school, Zhang arrived at the hospital in Beijing the very next day. \"Saving a life is more important than taking an exam, and having the chance to help cure a patient does not allow for more thought,\" Zhang said. The transplant operation   was a success. After that, Zhang Wenchi was in good health and he came back to school soon. Zhang said then the most important task for him was the exam. He hoped that his dream of becoming a pilot could come true. Now the NCEE has been over for more than a month, and what about Zhang Wenchi's marks? To our great relief, it's known that he has earned 540 points, which means he can be admitted into Beihang University (formerly Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics). Therefore he can realize his dream of flying in the sky. Zhang's deed has earned him nationwide respect, and some have given him the nickname, \"the most beautiful post-90s student\". \n Answer: His bone marrow was chosen as a match for a patient from Fujian.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about Zhang Wenchi is right?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1f691f15f8d44e4aae0229779f7def7f",
            "input": "Article: The saying that children don't like reading any more has been proved untrue. A new study finds that 75 percent of kids between five and 17 say that although they love technology, they still want to read books. The Kids & Family Reading Report also says that 62 percent of kids prefer reading printed books rather than those on a computer.At the same time, those who search an author's website or use the Internet to find books by a particular author, are more likely to read books for fun every day. The study also once again proves that the time kids spend reading books for fun decreases after the age of eight and continues to drop through the teen years.The report is a follow-up to a 2006 study.But this time the focus is on the role of technology and when kids' interest in reading starts to drop. \"Despite the fact that after the age of eight more children go online daily than read for fun daily, high frequency Internet users are more likely to read books for fun every day,\" says Heather Carter, a writer of the report. One in four kids between five and 17 say they read books for fun every day and more than half of kids say they read books for fun at least two to three times a week.One of the key reasons kids say they don't read more often is that they have trouble finding books they like - a requirement that parents underestimate . The study also finds that parents have a strong influence on kids' reading, but only about half of all parents begin reading to their kids before their first birthday.The percent of children who are read to every day drops from 38 percent among five-to eight-year-olds to 23 percent among nine-to 11-year-olds - exactly the same time that kids' daily reading for fun starts to drop. \"Parents' engagement in their child's reading from birth all the way through the teen years can have a great influence on how often their children read and how much they enjoy reading,\" adds Carter. \n Answer: Most children like reading as well as going online.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-420d270bcb254b568fdbf1adf555ad69",
            "input": "Article: Asian parents are spending billions of dollars on private tutors   for their children and the practice is growing despite doubts about its effectiveness, according to an Asian Development Bank study published Wednesday, AFP reported. \"Shadow education\" is an expanding business not only in wealthy countries, but also in some of the region's poorer nations as parents try to give their children the best start in life, the study said. Nearly nine out of 10 South Korean elementary pupils receive private tutoring, while the figure for primary school children in India's West Bengal state stands at six out of 10. The study estimated that the costs of private tutoring in South Korea were equivalent   to 80 percent of government spending on public education. Japan spent $12 billion on extra teaching in 2011, while the figure for Singapore stood at US$ 680 million in 2009. Extra academic work aims to help slow learners and support high achievers. Many Asian parents view it as a constructive way for adolescents to spend their spare time. However, it can also reduce the students' time for sports and other activities important for their overall development as well as cause social tensions as richer families are able to pay for better-quality tutoring, the study said. The study calls for a review of educational systems to make such extra teaching less attractive. \n Answer: Because parents want to give their children the best start in life.",
            "output": [
                "Why is \"Shadow education\" an expanding business?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-65cc793d859f4be68db26603c3b076dc",
            "input": "Article: In 2007.five young people in the American state of Massachusetts developed an idea. The team knew that the world is filled with mobile phones.About eighty percent of all people are said to live within reach of a wireless telephone signal.         The idea was to use mobile phones and the Internet to connect job seekers with employers.The young people wrote a business plan and formed a company called Assured Labor.     Assured Labor won a development competition at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).Three of the founders were graduate students there.    '     Assured Labo is an electronic market place.It has two parts.One is for;the United States.That operation was launched in January in Boston.It links people with employees offering temporary jobs.     The other arm of the business is for developing markets.That operation is meant to help people get mbfe permanent jobs.A representative is currently building partnerships with universities,and international companies in Central America.     Assured Labor's president David Reich,says the companies now place job advertisements on radio or in newspapers.Some even drive around in cars with loudspeakers announcing that jobs are available.He says the companies are interested.in having more modem hiring practices.     Through Assured Labor, companies will list open positions on the Internet.People who think  they could do the job could reply by text messages or on their cellophanes.     This is how the system works inprefix = st1 /Boston. The jobs available include house cleaning.Dog walking and home repay. People who want their house cleaned,for example,can look online at a list of twenty housekeepers.The list tells what services.they offer,and how much they want to be paid.People need two letters praising their work to get on the list of service providers.     The employer chooses workers they would like jot hire ,The company then sends the workers a text or e-mail message so they can respond quickly to an offer.     After a job is completed,the employer and employee rate each other, The rating is kept for  future use.Assured Labor is not charging anyone,right now, but the plan is to have employers pay for the service. \n Answer: Both A and B*",
            "output": [
                "what kinds of jobs does Assured Labor offer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d543ab872ca74938b47859bae81bdfb7",
            "input": "Article: For those who are tired doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application). Strange though it may seem -- \"my wife already does that\" was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this week -- Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install   a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them \"smart\". Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it's Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad. The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owners is at work or on the bus. Samsung says it's not just something new -- the app connection actually has some practical uses. \"If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,\" said spokesperson Amy Schmidt. The company also says that with electricity rate varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money. Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do --enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV. \n Answer: This kind of technology is familiar to them.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c18b25077cf04c28a58ab5e4ae087201",
            "input": "Article: Today was a special day for me. I had my doctor'sappointments in a town that's about 45 minutes from where I live. After my appointment was done, Istarted walking down from the building through a long breezeway  and I noticed an elderly woman pacing at the end. I asked if she waswaiting for someone or she needed assistance. As it turned out, she was havingtrouble walking the distance and had looked for a staff member to pick her up.No one had come for several minutes. I asked her to sit still when I went toget a wheelchair. I ran full speed to the help desk and asked for one. Thereceptionist and I walked to the end of the breezeway to the lady, who said, \"Iwant her to help me.\"She was referring to me. I carefully, slowly andattentively helped the woman into the wheelchair. After she was seated, shesoftly looked up to me and thanked me for my help. How could I not have helpedher? I just wanted her to be alright. When I returned home, I called my bestfriend to ask if she needed me. She wanted me to take her and her boyfriend tothe Boost Mobile Store. I did and after all was taken care of, I took myfriends back home. I thanked them for the opportunity to help them and that Iappreciated it. Maybe it meant little to them, but a lot to me. \n Answer: Because she helped astrange old lady.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the day special to the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fba5489548f64ad185eef60d32af974b",
            "input": "Article: I met my step-mom for the first time when I moved to America to be reunited with my father. From the beginning she made sure to let me know that I was safe and welcome.  I remember when I first saw her at the airport. It was different but not uncomfortable. After I was picked up from the airport we went home and she unpacked my luggage. Then she took me shopping for new clothes since the ones I had brought with me from Africa were a bit worn. That night before I went to bed she came to my room, which was the first room I had ever had for my own, with the first bed I didn't have to share. She told me she was glad to have me and that she would take good care of me. Before she walked out of my new room, she asked me for a hug. I had no idea what she was talking about. I did not know what the word hug meant, not because I didn't speak English, but I had just never heard the word before, let alone knew what it meant. So, I just looked at her with a questioning expression on my face. But she didn't give up. She called my father into the room and asked him to explain to me what she meant. When my father was explaining I looked at her and wondered why she wanted to hug me. She then told me it was because she loved me and opened her arms wide. Shyly I opened mine and we hugged. That was my very first hug and I was 11 at that time. I'm 23 now and, thankfully, I have received many hugs since then. I consider her my birth mother because life began when I came to stay with her. For the first time there were no kids for me to take care of and I became a child for the first time. There was no work waiting for me every day other than the occasional chores that she gave me to teach me responsibility.  Today I say thank-you to my mother; thank you for giving me my childhood back after it had been taken away from me. I am who I am today because of your love! \n Answer: Difficult.",
            "output": [
                "What was the author's life in Africa?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-68152a9538444f0192957d6bcc12a3c9",
            "input": "Article: FRIDAY, Aug. 3 (Health Day News) -- Middle school students who are physically fit are likely to score higher on standardized tests measuring reading and math abilities, a new study has found. And, the average scores went up in connection with levels of fitness, the findings showed. \"The more physically fit kids were, the higher their scores,\" said the study's lead author, Trent Petrie, director of the Center for Sport Psychology at the University of North Texas in Denton. \"Parents should encourage their kids to be physically active. There are some real cognitive   and academic benefits that come from physical fitness\", Petrie said. Results of the study are scheduled to be presented Friday at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association in Orlando, Fla. The study included more than 1,200 middle school students from five schools in a suburban area of Texas, with 561 boys and 650 girls. About 57 percent of the children were white, and nearly one-quarter were Mexican American. Nine percent were black and about 2 percent were of Asian descent. The school district provided the researchers with information on the children's race, age, grade level and whether they qualified for the free school lunch program, which was an indicator of the family's socioeconomic status. The schools also provided scores to the tests, which were given between one and four months after the researchers had assessed the children's levels of fitness. Fitness tests were administered during physical education classes to determine the youngsters' heart and lung health (cardiorespiratory fitness), as well as their body mass index (BMI), an indicator of how much body fat a person has. The children also filled out questionnaires that helped the researchers determine factors such as self-esteem and social support. After accounting for factors such as age, sex, family income and self-esteem, the researchers found that for both boys and girls, higher levels of heart and lung health predicted better scores on both the math and reading tests. For boys, perceived   social support also seemed to increase their reading scores, the investigators found. In girls, while being physically fit predicted higher reading scores, so too did a higher BMI-- which indicates more body fat. \"We were a little surprised by this finding,\" Petrie said. \"It was not as strong an association as the one with physical fitness,\" he added. The authors suspect it may have something to do with girls this age entering adolescence, which may be related to a higher BMI and slightly higher brain development. He said he plans to make great effort to look for this relationship again in larger studies to see if it was a chance finding, or if the association holds up. \"While we can't say 100 percent that physical fitness causes better academic performance, we can say that there is a strong and predictive relationship between physical fitness and academic performance,\" Petrie said. \"It's hard to tease apart   the exact reason for this association,\" said Becky Hashim, an attending clinical psychologist and assistant professor in the departments of psychiatry and pediatrics at the Children's Hospital of Montefiore, in New York City. \"It may be that the children are getting more oxygen. When the heart and lungs are working at a higher capacity, it may allow the brain to work at peak performance. Children who are less fit may be sleepier during school,\" she noted. \"I personally feel that there's probably a strong relationship between the confidence you get from being able to do something physical well and academic performance.\" Whatever the reason behind this association may be, \"there's certainly no harm in pushing physical fitness,\" Hashim added. \"Physical fitness may make you feel better, give you more confidence and improve your performance across the board,\" she said. Petrie agreed. \"Physically fit kids are happier, have higher self-esteem and, tend to have better relationships, and now we're beginning to see that there also seem to be benefits cognitively and academically. Our study sends a strong warning to policymakers to reconsider the service program of physical education classes for kids,\" he said. \n Answer: By giving some basic information.",
            "output": [
                "How did the school district help the researchers carry out the study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f311bb5451864b46baf6eeb3bc3cb466",
            "input": "Article: Are you a forgetful person? You might be able to blame your genes, a new study in the journal Neuroscience Letters suggests. Researchers from the University of Bonn have identified a variant  on the DRD2 gene that seems to be associated with increased forgetfulness. Everyone has one of two variants of the DRD2 gene, the difference is just one letter in the genetic code: Some people have the cytosine (C) variant, while others have the thymine (T) variant. The researchers wanted to see how having one variant over another was associated with forgetfulness. To test this, they analyzed the DRD2 gene of 500 study participants, and also had the participants answer surveys about their forgetfulness (such as how often they misplaced their keys, or forgot names). Most of the study participants--three quarters of them--had the thymine gene variant, while the other quarter had the cytosine gene variant. Researchers found an association between more forgetfulness problems and having the thymine gene variant of DRD2. Meanwhile, the cytosine gene variant seemed to have a protective effect against forgetfulness. However, \"there are things you can do to compensate for forgetfulness; writing yourself notes or making more of an effort to put your keys down in a specific location--and not just anywhere,\" study researcher Dr. Sebastian Markett, of the University of Bonn, said in a statement. Research has also suggested that some age groups are more forgetful than others. A recent national poll showed that millenials, who were born between the early 1980s and the early 2000s, are actually more likely than seniors to be absent-minded with things like what day of the week it is, where they put their keys and remembering to bring their lunch. Meanwhile, another study recently published in the journal BMC Psychology showed that men are more likely than women to experience minor memory problems. \n Answer: Everyone has one of its variants.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the DRD2?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1efa284e75cb4b5d8ad12f02445d1af3",
            "input": "Article: You will spend hours at the gym training your body, but do you ever think about training your brain? Here are four ways to keep your brain mentally   active and healthy. Play games Your brain is a muscle just like the ones in the rest of your body. If you don't use it, you will lose it. For example, doing a crossword puzzle   once a day is a good way to give the brain the exercise it needs. This kind of puzzle is good at training different areas of the brain. But remember that when doing this puzzle, you should gradually increase the complexity  ; otherwise, it will become repetitive   and stop being mentally challenging. Talk aloud Although it might sound strange to you, talking aloud is a great way to _ your memory. A good exercise to try is counting to 99 in threes as fast as you can. Be a team leader If you find you can do your work very easily, you should find a new task. It is important that your job should be mentally challenging. Complex jobs are often more challenging and make the brain work a little harder. Learn a language A study found that, compared with those who could speak only one language, the people who could speak two languages had a slower rate of cognitive   decrease. Learning a new language is very challenging and it makes sure that different areas of the brain have their lights on. \n Answer: How to make your brain healthy and work actively.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8d9719979aa74965a372f32323e506a3",
            "input": "Article: My goddaughter, Shari, owns The Berry Factory in Sacramento, California, and her mother, Joan, and I were helping with the Valentine's Day rush of 2011. We'd been preparing hundreds of berries, arranged gift baskets and packaged orders to be shipped around the country. By the end of the day and I were exhausted. Shari didn't seem tired. That was what  Shari liked doing especially when she gave someone else something. I'd seen her give away berries to everybody--parking attendants, mail carriers, hairdressers. \"For me?\" they'd say, breaking into a smile. As a \"thank you\", Shari took us out for dinner. But there was a 45-munite wait at her favorite restaurant. \"No big deal. There's another place just up the road,\" she said, driving us there. This time we walked right in. While the waitress took our drink orders Shari reached into her handbag, pulling something out.  \"I want you to have these,\" she said, handing the waitress a box of chocolate-dipped strawberries.  \"Will she love those berries!\"I said to myself. But the waitress seemed extremely surprised. She hardly let out a \"Thank you\" before grabbing the box and rushing into the kitchen. A few minutes later, the waitress returned with our iced tea. \" I apologize,\" she said. \" It's just ...my best friend and I made an agreement to send each other something every Valentine's Day. But she passed last year. I didn't know how I'd get through this day without her. Then you handed me that box.\" \"I'm so sorry to hear that,\" said Shari. \" It's not much, but I hope you can enjoy them.\" \"Oh, I will,\" the waitress said. \" See, every year we always sent each other the same thing: a box of chocolate-dipped strawberries bought from our favorite store, The Berry Factory.\" \n Answer: Because she didn't express her thanks to  Shari",
            "output": [
                "Why did the waitress apologize to Shari?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-12457afdeb9a43aeb1f318ca0f0f08cf",
            "input": "Article: The earthquake affected the students of the destroyed areas in many ways: losing parents, being scared  and feeling lonely. How can we help them? Teens reporter talked with Lin Dan. the program director of the Sunshine in Your Heart Project at the Red Cross Society of China. How will the earthquake affect the teenagers mentally? They'll have feelings of fear, anger and feel they are not safe. They will find it hard to focus. They will tend to cry and shout and tremble. And they might be afraid to be alone. What will happen if they are not helped? The teenagers will find it hard to live in a balanced way. If things get worse they might not be able to focus on their studies. They might give up on life. How can we help them overcome these problems? The first thing is to build up trust with them. Show your sympathy and sadness, and be their friend. Then you have to give them a sense of safety. Tell them that there's a solution to every problem. Thirdly, try to satisfy their psychological needs. Be a good listener if he or she needs to talk. Some of us were not directly affected by the quake but have seen images on TV and feel scared. What should we do? Talk with an adult and/or share your feelings with someone who might feel similar. If this doesn't help then you should see a doctor for professional help. \n Answer: Dealing with the pain left behind after the earthquake",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-498ed08ad46544f7b599b72655832ac8",
            "input": "Article: Dear mommy and daddy, I write this letter to you in hopes that you should consider your method of parenting me before I arrive. I am a joyous child. I expect love and respect, order and discipline. When I arrive, I will seem very small to you. Even though I don't look like an adult, please understand that I am a human being. Even though I will not speak words to you, I will know you with my heart. I will feel all your feelings, absorb your thoughts. I will come to know you more than you may know yourself. Do not be misled   by my silence. I am open, growing and learning more rapidly than you can imagine. I will keep in heart all that I see, so please give me sweet music and language that tells me how much I am loved. Give me silence to rest my ears. I will absorb all that I feel, so please wrap life in love. I am waiting patiently to be with you. I am so happy to have the opportunity to be alive. Maybe when you see me you will remember how precious life is too! Your joyous child \n Answer: Because the child wanted the parents to consider the method of being parents.",
            "output": [
                "According to the letter, why did the child write this letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e7cb60fd0a54958b8c689106484bf79",
            "input": "Article: Most people hate change, which is sad since we often go through intense changes in life. And for some of us, even the smallest changes can upset our day. So the question is: Why do most of us find making adjustments to our lives so hard? Fear of change is nothing new. Over a century ago, the Parisians were unhappy over a particular addition to their city: the Eiffel Tower. In fact, the citizens were so angry about the plans for the tower that they protested its construction. As strange as it may seem, their anger was completely natural. They were given no choice about the huge change that was going to be made, so they became angry. But we get upset over changes even when we do have a say in the matter and think about them carefully. Changes are brought about every day by the decisions we make: which school to attend, which job to take, whom to marry. Voluntary changes also make most of us uneasy because we don't know how those changes will affect our future. People have discovered that the key to overcoming the fear and anger associated with change is to be flexible . When they are flexible, people can adapt to new situations more easily. Being flexible is especially important in the 21st century as technology makes change occur faster than ever before. Those who oppose change, especially with technology in the workplace, may find themselves out of a job. When change comes, and you have no choice but to face it, embrace it. A positive attitude helps a lot. In fact, the change may turn out to be the best thing for you. That new job you got may end up being much better than your old one. You may make the best friends of your life in the new city you moved to. Don't merely focus on how you feel about change; instead decide to accept the change. The change is the reality, and it's up to you whether the change will be a success or a failure. \n Answer: Because they couldn't avoid accepting the Eiffel Tower.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the building of the Eiffel Tower make the Parisians unhappy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-58b68b3975b54acbb4ee5b25218f3aa4",
            "input": "Article: Because, like most of you, I began college in my teens, but after a year, I was offered my dream job at Universal Studios, so I dropped out. Well, I left college because I knew exactly what I wanted to do and some of you know, too -- but some of you don't. Or maybe you thought you knew but are now questioning that choice. Maybe you're sitting there trying to find out how to tell your parents that you want to be a doctor and not a writer. I told my parents if my movie career didn't go well, I'd re-enroll . It went all right. But finally, I returned for one big reason. Most people go to college for an education, and some go for their parents, but I went for my kids. I'm the father of seven, and I kept insisting on the importance of going to college, but I hadn't walked the walk. So, in my fifties, I re-enrolled at Cal State-Long Beach, and I earned my degree. Well, what you choose to do next is what we call in the movies the 'character-defining  moment'. Life is one strong, long string of character-defining moments. And I was lucky that at 18 I knew what I exactly wanted to do. But I didn't know who I was. How could I? And how could any of us? Because for the first 25 years of our lives, we are trained to listen to voices that are not our own. Parents and professors fill our heads with wisdom and information, and then employers and tutors take their place and explain how this world really works. And I want to be clear that your intuition  is different from your conscience. Here's the difference: Your conscience shouts, 'here's what you should do,' while your intuition whispers, 'here's what you could do.' Listen to that voice that tells you what you could do. Nothing will define your character more than that. Sticking to your character requires a lot of courage. And to be courageous, you're going to need a lot of support. And if you're lucky, you have parents like mine. I consider my mom my lucky charm. But look, if your family's not always available, there's backup. Do you remember that movie? It's a Wonderful Life? There's an actor's line in it: No man is a failure who has friends.\" And I hope you hold on to the friendships you're made here at Harvard. And among your friends, I hope you find someone you want to share your life with. \n Answer: Because we are used to listening to others' voices.",
            "output": [
                "In the writer's opinion, why can't we define ourselves before 25 years old?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9856742951ce4028909fd7641122fa08",
            "input": "Article: If you need glasses to read this, you are among the majority of Chinese students. That's because most students in China are short-sighted which means they can only see things close up and distant things will be _ . Four-fifths of high school students wear glasses and now more and more children in primary school need glasses, too. This epidemic of poor eyesight has two very simple causes: too much time spent indoors studying and too little time spent outdoors playing. Reading and writing for hours and hours, sometimes in poorly lighted rooms, causes eyesight to weaken. But students have to do this because there is so much pressure on them to succeed in school. And because they spend so much time indoors at school and at home, they have less time to spend outdoors enjoying the sun. The sun, as a consequence, is important in developing good eyesight. Exposure to daylight releases a chemical in the eyes that prevents, or at least delays, short-sightedness. According to a study by Ian Morgan of Australian National University, Australian children and Chinese children have the same level of eyesight before they start school, but once they enter primary school, Chinese children only spend about an hour a day outside, while Australian children spend three to four hours each day in the sunshine. The result is that while about 40 percent of Chinese primary school students need glasses, only three percent of Australian children do. Wearing glasses may not seem like a big deal. For some, wearing glasses can even be an opportunity to make a fashion statement. But poor eyesight at a young age can have serious long term consequences. As you get older, your eyesight can worsen and lead to things like macular degeneration , a condition of the eyes for which there is no cure and which can eventually lead to blindness. With all that in mind, don't you think it's time to give your eyes a break? Try spending a little less time inside and go for a walk in the park, instead. It's the healthy thing to do and your eyes will thank you for it. \n Answer: They should stay longer outdoors.",
            "output": [
                "How should the students protect their eyesight according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3c5e971edaaf40808c6141a54b881d93",
            "input": "Article: Greenheart Travel Correspondent Scholarship Greenheart Travel offers the opportunity for high school students to broaden their perspective through studying abroad. Greenheart Travel Correspondent Scholarship Opportunities: US $3,000 scholarship award for a High School Study Abroad program in China US $1,000 scholarship award for a Teen Summer Language Camp in France US $1,000 scholarship award for a Teen Summer Language Camp in Germany US $1,000 scholarship award for a Teen Summer Language Camp in Italy *Applicants are only able to apply for ONE scholarship opportunity Deadline for Application: April 1, 2015 Summary of Submission Requirements of the Scholarship: In addition to completing the teen program online application, applicants must also submit the following: Official High School Transcript: Applicants must have a minimum academic standing of a 3.2 GPA to be _ . Teacher/Coach Referral: Applicants must provide the name and phone number of an educator or coach that will be able to recommend the student as a good candidate for the scholarship award. Greenheart Travel will contact this referral prior to announcing the scholarship winner. Written essay: In a 500-to 800-word essay, please explain how this cultural exchange experience will benefit both you and your local community. Summary of Participant Requirements: Pre-program Submit one blog or video 2 weeks BEFORE your program Start Date introducing yourself and why you are excited to travel on your program and what you hope to learn while abroad. During Program For study abroad programs: submit a written blog post and 3-5 photos or a video, once every 2 weeks by discussed deadlines. For language camp programs: submit weekly written blog post and 3-5 photos or a video, by discussed deadline. After Program Submit one blog or video 2 weeks AFTER your program End Date reflecting on what you learned, your favorite part of the program and tips for anyone wanting to travel abroad. \n Answer: They need to submit 3-5 photos once a week for study abroad programs.",
            "output": [
                "What do participants need to do during the program?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b55270fde7e245ceb004d6d0f21c0616",
            "input": "Article: I spend a lot of time backpacking and hiking the outdoors and there are two pieces of equipment that are with me on each trip: an Adventure Medical Kits Weekender and an Adventure Medical Kits Suture Syringe Kit. Both proved very helpful on my most recent adventures to the Wrangell in Alaska. On that day, we were \"blessed\" with rain, making our water crossing on the Dixie Pass very difficult. Our party of 12 had almost reached our destination when I slipped, severely gashing  my knee open in the process. While I could not see the wound at first because of the rain pants I was wearing, I knew _ was severe. Blood was running freely and I made those standing nearby aware of the damage. They quickly came over to assist, pulled my pack off and removed the Weekender First Aid Kit and Suture Kit from it. Fortunately, one of my partners is a doctor called William, who has often performed this type of work in the operating room, not out in the wild. I seriously think he was more nervous about all this than me! I, of course, was more than happy that I did not have to stitch  myself up. As a marine, I've had to do it before. Fortunately, the sky had cleared up about two hours before, so we had great sunlight to work with. The doctor worked quickly with the assistance of another fellow camper acting as a nurse and placed seven stitches into my knee once the wound had been cleaned up. Later that evening we used a syringe  we set aside loaded with Iodine  to clean the wound and then bandaged it again. The doctor was very impressed with the kits contents! I've already ordered another Suture Syringe Kit. I have to say the kits are worth their weight in gold! Thanks for the contents in the kits! \n Answer: Because William had no experience of doing it in the wild.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author think that William was more nervous while performing the first aid than himself?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e62adcaef43f43459f53c79c78a6172c",
            "input": "Article: In the past years a lot of people migrated from one country to another in Europe. They had to leave their countries with their traditions, their cultures and sometimes also their families. People migrate because they think that they will have a better life, they will find a job and they will make a lot of money for their families to survive. Sometimes it's true, and they find a job, they make a lot of money and then they go back to their families to help them. But sometimes they are not that lucky. The problem that those people create is that a lot of people from Europe are unemployed and they don't have jobs because immigrants have taken so many jobs. But the question is also: Would European people want a job such as cleaning or hard labor? I think that most of them wouldn't. So we should stop criticizing for a moment and think. We would then maybe realize that it's not that bad to have immigrants at home. The only problem is that it's not right that immigrants want to impose(  )their religion on other countries by leading and building mosques ( ). Because if they had done that in other countries they would have caused trouble. Phenomena like these happened a few years ago in Great Britain: It was forbidden to switch on Christmas lights outside, because Christmas is a Catholic (  ) recurrence and it was offensive for the Islamic people who lived there. That is not right. The country that gives hospitality to immigrants has the task to allow them to enter society, to be free to believe in their religion and their culture, but every country does not have to forget its tradition and culture. This is one of the many facts which happened in the past years, and I think that many others are going to happen because this phenomenon is developing every day more and more. \n Answer: Native people refuse the immigrants to enter their country.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main problem between the immigrants and the native people according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4df7860249204d16a2639ba0b1c44e77",
            "input": "Article: Digital technology -- email and smart phones especially -- have vastly improved workers' ability to be productive outside of a traditional office. Even so, most white-collar work still happens in an office. One reason is that, according to findings of a new survey   of office workers conducted by Wakefield Research for the IT company Citrix, most bosses are doubtful about remote working. Half of the workers say their boss doesn't accept it and only 35 percent say it's tolerated. Skeptical bosses will likely have their doubts reinforced   by the same survey, which shows that 43 percent of workers say they've watched TV or a movie while \"working\" remotely, while 35 percent have done housework,and 28 percent have cooked dinner. It is true, however,that working at home makes people much more efficient  , because it allows workers to take care of annoying housework while still getting their jobs done. It's much faster, for example, to shop for groceries at a quarter to three than to stand in line during the after-work rush. The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted reflects how far we haven't come as a society from the days when we expected every full-time worker to be supported by a full-time homemaker. More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers may be missing a low-cost way to give workers something of value. Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who have worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home. Under such circumstances, smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently. \n Answer: They fear losing control of their workers.",
            "output": [
                "Why do some employers hesitate to allow remote working?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e252c7df4bd4b8da9b00f986b172edc",
            "input": "Article: With thousands of years of history and mythology in its area, prefix = st1 /Athens--named for the olive-tree-loving Athena---is more than a concrete jungle. It's a lovely city decorated by outdoor cafes, pedestrian streets, parks, gardens and plenty of characters. _      The city is connected three sides by Mt Parnitha, Mt Pendeli and Mt Hymettos. WithinAthensthere are no less than eight hills, of which the Acropolis and Lykavitos are the most famous. The hills provide a peaceful rest from the noise of the city.     Just about everything of interest to the traveler is within a small area surrounding Plateia Syntagmatos (Syntagma Square). This area is connected with the districts of Plaka to the south, Monastiraki to the west, Kolonaki to the east and Omaonia to the north.     Plateia Syntagmatos is dominated by the oldRoalPalaceand is the beating heart of the business district, with luxury hotels, banks and airline offices. Plaka, nestled below the Acropolis, is the old Turkish quarter and virtually all that existed when Athens was declared the capital of independentGreece. Though Plaka is packed with tourists in high season, it's also one of the prettiest and most atmospheric areas of the city. Monastiraki is the market district and a fascinating part of town to wander. Psiri, nearby, is full of stylish cafes and bars and makes a great place to stop for a rest of lunch. Kolonaki, a classy living area, is full of trendy boutiques, art galleries and cafes. \n Answer: Modern",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words can best describe Athens?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7a5cbeebbd74479797b61d84cc567b4c",
            "input": "Article: Dad was always full of advice, but one of the biggest lessons he taught me one summer was about having a strong work ethic . When my brother and I were growing up, we mowed  yards during the summer to earn pocket change. Dad was our salesman. He told our neighbors about our service and offered a price they could not refuse. My brother and I got $ 10 per yard. I later found out that our friends were charging $ 20 or more for the same amount of work. Every time we headed out to mow lawns , Dad was there to watch. I used to wonder why he came with us. He stood supervising  our work in the heat when he could have been inside relaxing with air conditioning and an icy drink. One day we were cutting our next-door neighbor's yard, he always waited until the grass was knee-high to call us over. To make matters worse, we had an old lawn mower. This particular afternoon, I was finishing up and was tired and sweaty. I was just about to cut off the lawn mower when I saw Dad pointing to one piece of grass. He yelled, \"You missed a piece.\" I frowned, hoping he would let it slide and let me go home. He kept pointing. So, tired and disappointed, I went back to cut that piece of grass. I said to myself, \"That one piece isn't hurting anyone. Why won't he just let it go?\" But when I reached adulthood, I understood his message ---When you're running a business, the work you do says a great deal about you. If you want to be seen as an entrepreneur  with honesty, you must deliver a quality product. That single blade of grass meant the job was not done. Other neighbors took notice of the good work we did and we soon got more business. We started out with one client, but by the end of the summer we had five. \n Answer: They mowed it carefully.",
            "output": [
                "Why did more and more people ask the brothers to mow their yards?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1a15c2fe35fd40c0b86ff289b6e0438b",
            "input": "Article: It can't be truer that when in Rome do as the Romans do. So it's necessary for you to know what you can talk with the local people in France, Australia and Switzerland, and different customs of these countries. In France You'll find that conversations often turn into heated debates. Give opinions only on subjects that you are knowledgeable about. There is rarely a moment of silence, except when the topic under discussion has been exhausted, and nothing new has been introduced. Food, art, music and current events or history are welcome topics. French believe in freedom, and you can criticize anyone, but not Napoleon, who is a symbol of French spirit and never use the standard. U.S. conversation opener \"What do you do\". In Australia Australians tend to be enthusiastic debaters. A wide range of topics may be open to discussion, including religion and politics. The best policy, however, is to wait for Australian companions to bring up these two subjects; be prepared to hear their arguments. Sport is a common topic of conversation in Australia and Australians tend to use sporting comparisons. Australians like to criticize themselves, but they can't stand criticism from others. Don't talk big;instead Australians prefer to judge your competence and abilities through your actions. People who show off their education in conversation may be subject to teasing. In Switzerland The Swiss may seem cold. Once you get close to them, however, you'll find that they are honest, responsible people, who will be loyal to your interests. They are good listeners and will remember practically everything you say to them. Sometimes they will even go so far as to take notes while you speak. The Swiss are a very private people, so you should avoid asking personal questions. They can be rather serious, so it is advisable to avoid making jokes on them. \n Answer: French don't like others asking their careers.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TURE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9b57fcf8f8c463f93054552914d6d1a",
            "input": "Article: There is always a man who stands on different comers of the street in our city, holding a sign that reads \"Will work for food for my family\". Normally I don't have much money to help him. When my mother is with me and she sometimes makes me pull over and then she will hand him some money. Tonight, I was on my way to the store to get some milk when I saw the man. My daughter and her friend were in the car. We all felt awful that this man was standing out in the cold, wet weather. Many people had made comments that he should be able to work. I often wondered why he would stand out there rather than be in the warmth of a building, working. Well, he might not have an address, and he may need an address in order to apply for a job. Either way, I don't feel it is  _ to judge. As I was sharing that feeling with my daughter and her friend, I decided that I needed to help this man. I wanted to show the girls the importance of helping others, not about worrying whether he was legitimately struggling or not.  So, when we pulled over to give him some money, I said, \"God bless you,\" and he said it back to us. But the girls and I were still concerned that he would be cold, standing out in the bad weather. So we got him a hot chocolate and a hamburger. My daughter handed them to him and l told the man that the girl wanted to help him because she was worried about him being cold. He was very sweet and appreciative. We all left with smiles, especially me, because, as we were pulling away, the girls were talking about ways they could raise money to help the man and others like him. It was the best trip I have ever made to get milk!!! \n Answer: He greatly appreciated others' help.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the man?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d4a52e2cb362473a9ef0cf273d248297",
            "input": "Article: About a third of all common cancers in the United States, China and Britain could be prevented each year if people ate healthier food, drank less alcohol and exercised more, health experts said on Friday. Reports from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) suggest that making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers alone in Britain and the United States, as well as tens of thousands of stomach cancers. \"Even in 2011, people are dying unnecessarily from cancers that could be prevented through keeping a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors,\" said a WCRF medical and scientific adviser. WCRF findings are supported by World Health Organization (WHO) reports, which say regular exercise can prevent many diseases such as cancers and heart diseases. Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and its incidence  is rising. Each year around 12.7 million people discover they have cancer and 7.6 million people die from some form of the disease. There are about 200 known types of cancer. Rachel Thompson, the WCRF's head of science, said that while the message was simple -- that not smoking, eating good food and being a healthy weight can help _ many cancers -- it was still a difficult one to get across. The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week. This could be done by walking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day. Peter Baldini, head of the World Lung Foundation, also called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes. Tobacco kills millions of smokers every year, and tobacco-related lung cancers also kill hundreds of thousands of people who don't smoke but have been exposed to it second-hand. \"There isn't a magic bullet to cure all forms of cancer, but we have the opportunity and the duty to protect people from developing cancer wherever possible,\" Baldini said. \n Answer: Adults should walk for fifty minutes three times per week.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is Not true according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bf3d751b390d4e21989a0190e5bcf2ce",
            "input": "Article: Researchers in over 80 nations are taking part in a project to conduct a decade-long census  of sea life. Scientists presented some of their findings at a recent conference as the project neared its completion. In deep icy waters under Antarctica, scientists found bulbous tunicates, an underground animal, and many newly-discovered creatures believed to be related to starfish   and other marine creatures. Elsewhere in the world's oceans, they have recently discovered many kinds of underwater life forms new to science. It is all part of a research effort called the Census of Marine Life. \"There are about 2,000 scientists worldwide involved,\" said Bob Gagosian, President, CEO of the Consortium for Ocean Leadership. Gagosian helps manage the project. \"Everywhere they've gone they've found new things,\" he says. \"The ocean basically is unexplored from the point of view of marine living things.\" Researchers have placed small markers on hundreds of fish and marine animals to track by satellite their migration routes and to discover places where sea life gathers. According to Ron O'Dor, a senior scientist with the Census of Marine Life, knowledge of life on the ocean floor is especially limited. \"90% of all the information we have is from the top hundred meters of the ocean,\" O'Dor states. And he says the sea floor is, on average, at a depth of 4, 000 meters. And so, as some machines dive far below what people have previously seen, scientists are discovering new species of plants, animals and living things. Since the census project began, more than 5,300 new marine animals have been found. Ocean researchers say they hope to catalogue 230,000 species during the census --which some say is only a small part of all the creatures living in the sea. \n Answer: To research them.",
            "output": [
                "Why do the researchers place small markers on many marine creatures?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-21d87bdc5fa340f5a5b997373adb35db",
            "input": "Article: During my high school years, the most important thing was what I was wearing to the Friday night dance and who I was taking. Although college was talked about, it was the least of my worries. When I was graduating eighth grade and starting high school, my older brother was graduating twelfth grade and going onto college. For my graduation, he gave me a card in which he wrote, \"Enjoy your four years..., they go by fast.\" I remember not believe him then, but looking back..., he was right. Those four years shaped who I was as a person, pushed me to my limit and encouraged me to become an adult. However, I was so completely absorbed in my junior and senior years of high school, that when someone spoke of college I brushed it off. I wasn't ready to leave my comfort zone of having all of my closest friends together and knowing what every single day was going to be like . Studying was something I did only AFTER I nailed my half-time dance performance. I knew my parents wanted me to go to college, so I told them I would go to commuity college  and I didn't worry about my SAT scores. When my senior year passed and everyone graduated and went off to their own college ,I started to wish I had done the same. My friends were living away, meeting new people, discovering new places, and I was living at home and driving to and from class every day. It seemed exactly like high school. I hated it! I thought college was supposed to be different! Why didn't I take more time to research colleges and do the same? I ended up loving college and wishing I had four years to enjoy the campus atmosphere instead of two. My advice to anyone thinking about attending college is to think about it very seriously and look into all of your choices well ahead of time. Now I have graduate and I am working full time and I would do anything to go back to my high school days for a second chance! \n Answer: He wanted to go to community   college.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the author worry about his SAT scores?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-06e4b54e24e54909a6ec0eb711b4d98b",
            "input": "Article: News that Microsoft made a $44.6 billion bid to buy Yahoo resulted in heated discussions made by many Internet users. Here are some responses: Diane Burke of Weeks bury, Kentucky I think it would definitely be an interesting combination. Everyone recognizes the names Yahoo and Microsoft, but everyone also says, \"Did you Google it?\" Such a catchphrase   is going to be hard to beat. Shaun Carney of Laurelville, Ohio I think the merger   will provide more competitions for Google. I don't think the merger will allow Microsoft to develop faster than Google, though. I believe the increased competition this merger brings will force Google to stay on top of its game by offering more fresh and original Internet tools and expanding on the tools it already offers. Toni Suarez of Hacienda Heights, California I view the merger as a necessary element in preventing a monopolization  . Perhaps it would bring better high technology innovations to e-mail and help in researching and developing a better Internet! Rick R. of Edgewater, Florida It sounds like a disaster to me. If this were to happen, I would stop using my Yahoo e-mail account because I don't like the feeling of Microsoft spying upon my business. I will sign up for Google. Antonio Glosser of Kansas City, Missouri Right now, Yahoo offers a lot of features and tools at no cost for all different levels of Internet users. Microsoft seeks nothing but profit. Undoubtedly, they'll do nothing other than find ways to start removing Yahoo's formerly non-priced features. Microsoft's greed will ruin the great thing that Yahoo currently is. \n Answer: Four.",
            "output": [
                "How many companies are mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b62f6552b39d4d22b990059b0e77aac8",
            "input": "Article: \"I left Tangier, my birthplace, the 13th of June 1325 with the intention of making the pilgrimage  to Mecca... to leave all my friends both female and male, to abandon my home as birds abandon their nests.\" So begins an old manuscript  in a library in Paris-the travel journal of Ibn Battuta. Almost two centuries before Columbus, Ibn Battuta set off for Mecca, returning home three decades later as one of history's great travelers. Driven by curiosity, he journeyed to remote comers of the Islamic world, traveling through 44 modern countries, three times as far as Marco Polo. Little celebrated in the West, his name is well known among Arabs. In his hometown of Tangier, a square, a hotel, a cafe, a ferry boat, and even a hamburger are named after him. Ibn Battuta stayed in Mecca as a student for several years, but the urge to travel soon took over. In one adventure, he traveled to India seeking profitable employment with the sultan of Delhi.On the way, he described his group being attacked in the open country by 80 men on foot, and two horsemen. \"We fought... killing one of their horsemen and about twelve of the foot soldiers... I was hit by an arrow and my horse by another, but God in his grace preserved me... \". In Delhi, the sultan gave him the position of judge, based on his _ study at Mecca. But the sultan had an unpredictable character, and Ibn Battuta looked for an opportunity to leave. When the sultan offered to finance a trip to China, he agreed. IbnBattuta set off in three ships, but misfortune struck while he was still on the shore. A sudden storm grounded and broke up two ships, scattering treasure and drowning many people and horses. As he watched, the third ship with all his belongings and slaves (one carrying his child), was carried out to sea and never heard from again. After a lifetime of incredible adventures, Ibn Battuta was finally ordered by the sultan of Morocco to return home to share his wisdom with the world. Fortunately, he agreed and wrote a book that has been translated into numerous languages, allowing people everywhere to read about his unparalleled journeys. \n Answer: Ibn Battuta and adventures.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main topic of the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-48e1270935f74bd9afb7f5c458de216a",
            "input": "Article: TOKYO--Applicants to a private high school for girls in Sasebo in southern Nagasaki Prefecture will be asked lo hold and move various small objects including beans and marbles with chopsticks as part of the entrance exam.    \"This is simply one factor to assess whether these girls can handle chopsticks correctly, which is really the most basic element in education,\" said Katushi Hisata, the vice principal of Hisata Gakuen Girls' High School.    \"It's surprising to see how many children don't know how to hold chopsticks correctly, which is part of the Japanese culture's beauty,\" he told AFP by telephone, adding that only 20 percent of elementary students use chopsticks correctly. The westernization of Japan's eating habits means that use of the knife and fork is increasingly common, while a growing number of children with working parents eat alone, leaving them less _ in chopsticks etiquette .   The school's vice principal accused celebrities appearing on television food and cookery shows of using chopsticks wrongly.   The school, built in 1902, has traditional classes in tea ceremony, kimono-fitting, etiquette and cooking as part of the wider curriculum.\"We are aware that this kind of exam won't make students jump up and come running to us, because this is unlike normal high schools that advertise success rates of students entering prestigious universities,\" Hisata said.\"But we do know that education is not only about having brains, but also etiquette,\" he added. \n Answer: By being asked to take some written tests.",
            "output": [
                "How will the children be tested in using chopsticks?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3ef192833cab4400a1cffeed56c689b6",
            "input": "Article: Emergency rooms (ER) are supposed to cure people but Dr. John Stemgold wonders if working in an ER in Willits made him sick. The ER was downwind of the Remco chrome plant. \"I used to sit facing that window and kind of daydream out the window, looking at Remco, looking at the fog coming out of there. Then I would cough and cough.\" Stemgold said. What Dr.Stemgold didn't know was that Remco was flowing out Chromium VI into the air--- a chemical known to cause cancer and breathing problems in humans. A recent state health department study found that people who were in Willits when Remco was in operation from 1964 to 1995 are at higher risk for cancer because of Chromium VI exposure. Today Dr.Stemgold has lots of time to play his guitar. It turns out he has a form of breathing difficulty. Hospital chemicals cause coughing so violently that he's broken bones and it's cost him his career. Others in this town believe the Chromium has made them sick, too, and their families. Actually, Chromium VI was classified as a carcinogen , a cancer-causing substance, thirty years ago, Twenty years ago, a group of state scientific specialists found no exposure level below which carcinogen effects would not have some probability of occurring. Still, Remco was allowed to flow out Chromium VI into the air. In the battle to balance public health and a healthy economy, laws often favor business, Alan Ramo is a professor of law at Golden Gate University. \"There is a real drive to make money, to have employment. When there's a real job that's available and a theoretical risk of a chemical, jobs win out, business wins out.\" And chemicals are allowed to flood the marketplace and the government requires strict testing before any drugs can be sold. But the vast majority of industrial chemicals are put into use little testing of any kind Chemicals that people like us, you and me might be exposed to. Marilyn Underwood is with California state health department. \" You need to have the convincing evidence that something is bad to then start regulating it.\" However, in most cases, chemicals are not tested until someone reports the abnormal, unnatural condition of the environment in general. \"I think that if people really knew what really goes on with environmental protection I think they would be shocked and they should be.\" Says Professor Ramo. \"It might be valuable for other people to know what has happened to me, not for me but for them.\" He said \"because they might be in a similar situation because of where they work.\" \n Answer: They have a greater chance of having severe disease.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the people who lived in Willits from 1964-1995?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b048d26df24b461b8e03df9bd519ba9b",
            "input": "Article: Welcome to Art Camps Art classes are generally taught in all public and private schools ,but not all children are considered artists or enjoy art. For those kids who show talent or are interested in furthering their skills, many camps are available to enhance  creative talent. Camp Jam Chicago Kids learn instrument-specific techniques, as well as how to play with a band. There's also an overnight option. Lake Forest Academy, 1500 W Kennedy Rd, Lake Forest 800-513-0930,campjam.com. Jul.9-Jul.20     $399-$1595   Aged 12-17 Child's Play Touring Theater Drama loves will get to be writers, actors-and lots more -at this drama camp. Child's Play Touring Theater focuses on ensemble building, artistic thinking and problem solving while training kid's skills in acting writing and more. 2518 W Armitage Ave 773-235-8911,cptt.org Jun.18-Jul.20  $250  Aged 6 -13 Language And Music School Kids learn Spanish via music-based and performance- based activities. Weather permitting, there are field trips to the bread store down the street and other nearby places. 150 N Oak Park Ave, Oak Park 708-524-5252,lmschool.com Jun.18-Jul.21  $42-$76   Aged 2-9 Chamber Music Camp for Piano & Strings Young pianists get coached by institute faculty while marking friends with other piano enthusiasts. Kids who are interested must submit a DVD. Music Institute of Chicago, 40 E Old MILL Rd, Lake Forest 847-905-1500,musicinst.org Jun.20-Jun.24      $380    Aged 10-18 \n Answer: Kids who want to improve their skills.",
            "output": [
                "Who would be interested in these art camps?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-23afbecae79441269a76de6ce6a80ea7",
            "input": "Article: You've heard it repeatedly: Make sure you drink at least eight glasses of water per day. The key words are \"at least\", because, unless you are a child, you need more water than that. The rule is, for every 50 pounds of body weight you carry, drink one quart of bottled or filtered   water per day. The average person weighs 150 pounds, so they should drink three quarts per day. A 200 pounds person should drink a full gallon per day. Athletes should drink even more than that. Follow these and you've adopted one of the most important health habits. Our bodies are mostly water, and water is essential to our every function. Drink the appropriate amount, and everything is much more likely to function at the best levels. If you don't drink enough water, over the short term you will experience tiredness, dry skin, headaches and constipation  ; over the longer term, every body function will _ more quickly. It really is as simple as that. Things get a bit more complicated in what type of water to drink. Bottled water and filtered water are both good options. Do not drink tap water or distilled water  .Bottled water should be bottled in clear glass containers, not the plastic containers that transfer far too many chemicals into the water. Filtered water can be obtained through low-cost filters. Tap water should be avoided because it contains chlorine   and may contain fluoride  , which is poisonous and can have terrible consequences for the body. Distilled water should also be avoided because it can burn up your body of necessary minerals. It has been tied to hair loss, which is often associated with certain mineral lack. Finally, drink water at room temperature if possible, as ice-cold water can harm your stomach. \n Answer: Distilled water and filtered water.",
            "output": [
                "What kinds of water are proper for drinking?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bdb1b0abb4064cdcbc3488fca9b98537",
            "input": "Article: Billie Holiday was an American jazz singer and songwriter. Nicknamed Lady Day by her loyal friend and musical partner, Lester Young, Holiday was a great influence on jazz and pop singing. Her voiced style, strongly inspired by jazz instrumentalists, pioneered a new way of controlling tempo  . Above all, she was admired for her deeply personal and direct approach to singing. Billie Holiday was born Eleanora Fagan on April 7, 1915, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her father, Clarence Halliday (Holiday), a musician, did not marry or live with her mother. Her mother had moved to Philadelphia when thirteen, after being driven away from her parents' home in Sandtown-Winchester, Baltimore for becoming pregnant. With no support from her own parents, Holiday's mother arranged for the young Holiday to stay with her older married half sister, Eva Miller, who lived in Baltimore. During her final period of separation from her mother, Holiday began to perform the songs she learned while working in the brothel  . By early 1929, Holiday joined her mother in Harlem. Their landlady was a sharply dressed woman named Florence Williams, who ran a brothel at 151 West 140th Street. In order to live, Holiday and her mother had to work there. Holiday had not yet turned fourteen at that time. On May 2, 1929, the house was raided  , and Holiday and her mother were sent to prison. After spending some time in a workhouse, her mother was released in July, followed by Holiday in October, at the age of 14. She co-wrote a few songs, and several of them have become jazz standards, notably God Bless the Child, Don't Explain, and Lady Sings the Blues. She also became famous for singing jazz standards written by others, including Easy Living and Strange Fruit. Her early career is hard to track down exactly. But, she later gained work singing in local jazz clubs before being spotted by a talent scout  , John Hammond, in 1933, aged 18. Her voice and recordings are loved for the depth of emotion and intensity she could bring to classic standards. Her range of voice was not the greatest, but, her extraordinary gravelly   voice was soon to become very famous and influential. She was an important icon of the jazz era and influential in the development of jazz singing. In the late 1930s she began singing a civil rights song called Strange Fruit--a song which told the tale of a lynching   of a black man in the deep south. It was very controversial for that period and it was not played on radios. It was recorded for Commodore records and she performed it many times over the next 20 years. In early 1959 she found out that she had cirrhosis   of the liver. The doctor told her to stop drinking, which she did for a short time, but soon returned to heavy drinking. By May she had lost twenty pounds, friends Leonard Feather, Joe Glaser, and Allan Morrison tried to get her to check into to a hospital, she put them off.  On May 31, 1959, Holiday was taken to Metropolitan Hospital in New York suffering from liver and heart disease. She was arrested for drug possession as she lay dying, and her hospital room was raided by authorities. Police officers were stationed at the door to her room. Holiday remained under police guard at the hospital until she died from cirrhosis of the liver on July 17, 1959.Billie Holiday had difficult life experiences which influenced her attitude towards life. She experienced many violent relationships. She also became increasingly dependent on various drugs which contributed to her early death in 1959, aged just 44. \n Answer: Her voiced style.",
            "output": [
                "What made Holiday develop a new way of controlling tempo?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2a1d7bd0c8c04c67b0854aac3ec163d5",
            "input": "Article: Charlie Chaplin was one of the greatest and widely loved silent movie stars. From \"Easy Street\" (1917) to \"Modern Times\" (1936), he made many of the funniest and most popular films of his time. He was best known for his character, the naive and lovable Little Tramp. The Little Tramp, a well meaning man in a raggedy suit with cane, always found himself wobbling into awkward situations and strangely wobbling away. More than any other figure, it is this kind-hearted character that we associate with the time before the talkies (sound films). Born in London in 1889, Chaplin first visited America with a theater company in 1907. Appearing as \"Billy\" in the play \"Sherlock Holmes\", the young Chaplin toured the country twice. On his second tour, he met Mack Sennett and was signed to Keystone Studios to act in films. In 1914 Chaplin made his first one-reeler, \"Making a Living\". That same year he made thirty-four more short films, including \"Caught in a Cabaret\", \"Caught in the Rain\", \"The Face on the Bar-Room Floor\", and \"His Trysting Place\". These early silent shorts allowed very little time for anything but physical comedy, and Chaplin was a master at it. Though Chaplin is of the silent movie era, we see his achievements carried through in the films of today. With the appearance of the feature-length talkies, the need for more subtle acting became apparent. To maintain the audience's attention throughout a six-reel film, an actor needed to move beyond constant comedy. Chaplin had demanded this depth long before anyone else. His strictness and concern for the processes of acting and directing made his films great and led the way to a new, more sophisticated, cinema. \n Answer: Charlie Chaplin has a great effect on today's sound film.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff0cbd71b48d4801887241737a2e61c5",
            "input": "Article: Big Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of friendship.It is a program which provides friendship and fun by matching  _ (ages 7-17) with a volunteer  adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend.   Volunteer tutors come from all walks of life--married, single, with or without children. Big Brothers and Big Sisters are not replacement parents or social workers. They are tutors: someone to trust, to have fun with, to talk and go to when needed. A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months. They enjoy simple activities such as a picnic at a park, cooking, playing sport or going to a football match. These activities improve the friendship and help the young person develop positive self-respect, confidence and life direction. Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world. It is the large and most well-known provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating for 25 years. Emily and Sarah have been matched since 2008. Emily is a 10-year-old girl who has experienced some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school. \" I was pretty sure there was something wrong with me.\" Emily's mum came across Big Brothers Big Sisters and thought it would be helpful to Emily by \"providing different feedback   about herself other than just depending on schoolmates to value her self-worth. Sarah wanted to take part in a volunteer program. \"I googled it and found out how to be a part of it. I thought it would be fun for me to take part in making time to do something because sometimes it is all work and no play.\" Big Brothers Big Sisters has been helpful and enjoyable to both Emily and Sarah. They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the wonderful, happy and unusually good girl she is! \n Answer: To provide partnership and fun for young people.",
            "output": [
                "What is the aim of Big Brothers Big Sisters?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d2e8ff0dbb94fbe986d8e71c0946323",
            "input": "Article: Writer: Ralph Ellison Novel : Invisible Man Invisible Man is Ellison's best known work, most likely because it was the only novel he ever published during his lifetime and because it won him the National Book Award in 1953. Ellison, originally from Oklahoma worked hard to match his earlier success but felt that he could not make any progress on his next novel that eventually came to include well over 2000 pages. It was not until Ellison's death that this novel was condensed  ,edited and published under the title Juneteenth. Writer: Margaret Mitchell Novel: Gone with the wind Margaret Mitchell, born in Georgia, never wanted to seek out literary success and wrote this expansive work in secret, only sending to publishers after she was mocked  by a colleague who didn't believe she was capable of writing a novel. She turned out to be more than capable, and the book won a Pulitzer Prize and was adapted into one of the best-known and loved films of all time. Mitchell would not get a chance to write another novel, as she was struck and killed by a car on her way to the cinema at only 49 years of age. Writer: Anna Sewell Novel: Black Beauty Sewell didn't start off her life intending to be a novelist, she didn't begin writing Black Beauty until she was 51 years old, motivated by the need to create a work that encouraged people to treat horses ( and humans) humanely and it took her six years to complete it. Upon publication it was an immediate bestseller, rocketing Sewell into success. Unfortunately, she would not live to enjoy but a little of it as she died of hepatitis  five months after her book was released. \n Answer: Gone with the Wind",
            "output": [
                "Which novel has been adapted into one of the most successful films?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c551b510561c48ea8cb210dabd90c69d",
            "input": "Article: Worldwide, the most people willing to return your mobile phone if you've lost it are to be found in Slovenia, and the fewest in Malaysia. This finding is the result of an interesting study in 32 of the world's largest cities. Altogether, researchers \"lost\" 960 new mobile phones. They got back 654 of them, or 68 percent. Prague came in at number eight. There, 23 out of 30 people who were willing to return the mobile phone. It wasn't a traditional study. Two researchers carefully chose different places, such as areas with high crime   and busy downtown shopping areas, to \"lose\" the phones. When one of the researchers dropped a phone, the other would keep watching from a distance. The honest finders tried their best to find the owner with the help of the address book in the phone. They were told why the study was done and asked why they acted the way they did. It was found that the busier the place where the researchers dropped the phone, the greater the chance of it being returned. Another interesting finding was that women were generally more likely than men to return the phone. Researchers also found that most people still have a sense of honesty. \"Crime is simply not good behaviour  ,\" said an expert. \"People want to trust others, and want to be trusted.\" \n Answer: A woman who found it in a shopping center.",
            "output": [
                "Who would be most likely to return a phone, according to the study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-601327c3b806422c99ff1e01a4547b1c",
            "input": "Article: In July 1994 Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was struck by 21 pieces of a comet  . When the fragments   landed in the southern part of the giant planet, the explosions were watched by scientists here on earth. But what if our own planet was hit by a comet? The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the Earth. The news has caused panic. On 17 July, a fragment four kilometers wide enters the Earth's atmosphere with a huge explosion. About half of the fragment is destroyed. But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads. The wall of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometres an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. The wave moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia. Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the Earth, but the north won't escape for long. Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosions. As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived. Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a space fragment. The dinosaurs couldn't survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct. Will we meet the same end? \n Answer: The whole mankind becomes extinct",
            "output": [
                "55.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the author's description of the disaster in 2094?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d3165e92cbeb44479eb8106d012dde09",
            "input": "Article: When I paid for the bicycle repair, the repairman told me, \" No change, Professor Pan. We're friends.\" \"I'd rather pay,\" I replied. \"If it's free, I can't afford it.\" Chinese often refuse payment for professional services, insisting, \"We're friends now!\" But then they show up later to ask me to tutor them in English, or get them into an American university, and I wish I'd have just paid the 30 yuan I owed them in the first place. According to the Americans, \"There's no free lunch,\" meaning that there's a price for everything, and I'm always looking around to figure out what this means. Many of our neighbors have given us fruit or flowers or costly teas, never asking anything in return. For years, a bicycle repairman has repeatedly refused to let me pay him. \"Wait until you have something major to fix!\" he insists. Chinese generosity is a real education for Americans like me, who would rather avoid social entanglements   and just hand over the money. But cash can't make up for the greatest gift - friendship. When an American saw some of my friends sitting on bamboo stools under the trees, sipping tea, he said, \"They must have nothing better to do.\" \"Actually,\" I said, \"they are professors, with plenty to do. But probably you're right in saying that, at this moment, they have nothing better to do. And neither do I.\" And I joined the group. We chatted about tea and Chinese cooking and how much my boys have grown since we arrived. One man said, \"They were pocket-sized when you came here. Now they're taller than you. How time flies.\" How life flies. And Chinese are smart enough to share what they know they cannot keep. They freely give of their time, never too busy to help a friend. And they are teaching me, slowly, to both give and receive. So the next time someone says, \"No charge. We're friends.\" I will thank them heartily. But if they show up later asking me to tutor them in English, I'll make sure they tutor my son in Chinese as well, because there's still no free lunch. \n Answer: Because he didn't want to help others in return.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author insist on paying the repairman while he was offered free repairs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-afe5c651cf8f446a9a4c7a960cfba1a7",
            "input": "Article: For millions of people, the American dream of owning a home seems to be slipping out of reach.   \"Maybe young couples can no longer afford to buy a ready-made house as their parents did,'' says 40-year-old building instructor Pat Hennin. \"But they can still have a home. Like their pioneer ancestors, they can build it themselves, and at less than half the cost of a ready-made house.\"  The owner-builders came from every occupational group, although surprisingly few are professional building workers. Many  _ with little or no experience. \"I learned how to build my house from reading books,\" says John Brown, who built a six-room home for $25, 000 in High Falls, New Jersey. \"If you have patience and the carpentry skill to make a bookcase, you can build a house.\" An astonishing 50 percent of these owner-builders hammer every nail, lay every pipe, and wire every switch with their own hands. The rest contract for some parts of the task. But even those who just act as contractors and finish the insides of their homes can save from 30 percent to 45 percent of what a ready-made home would cost. One survey revealed that 60 percent of owner-builders also design their homes. Many others buy commercial house plans for less than $100 or use plans available from the U. S. Department of Agriculture. \n Answer: The American dream of owning a house.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5eeb3619822848e383a2cdce51ef3839",
            "input": "Article: A Divine Plan     At a fundraising dinner for a school that serves learningdisabled children, the father of one student delivered a speech that would never be forgotten by those who attended. He began with a question. \"Everything God does is done with perfection. Yet, my son, Shay, cannot learn and understand things as other children do. Where is God's plan reflected in my son?\"     The audience was stilled by the question. The father continued,\"I believe that when God brings a child like Shay into the world, an opportunity to realize the Divine Plan presents itself. And it comes in the way people treat that child.\"     Then he told the following story:     Shay and I walked past a park where some boys Shay knew were playing baseball. Shay asked,\"Do you think they will let me play?\"     I knew that most boys would not want him on their team. Shay didn't even know how to hold the bat properly, much less connect with the ball. So I approached one of the boys on the field and asked if Shay could play. The boy looked around for guidance from his teammates. Getting none, he took matters into his own hands and said, \"We are losing by six runs . The game is in the eighth inning . He can be on our team and we will try to put him up to bat in the ninth inning.\"     In the bottom of the eighth inning, Shay's team scored a few runs but was still behind by three. At the top of the ninth inning, Shay put on a glove and played in the outfield.     In the bottom of the ninth inning, Shay's team scored again. They had the potential to win. Would the team actually let Shay bat at this  _ and give away their chance to win the game?     Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat.  At last, understanding what the boy's intentions had been, the boys from both teams helped Shay win the game for the team and Shay was cheered as the hero.      \"That day,\" said the father softly with tears now rolling down his face,\"the boys from both teams helped bring a piece of the Divine Plan into this world.\" \n Answer: Because they knew Shay was anything but good at playing baseball.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the father think most of the boys wouldn't let     Shay join them?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-521ba76d4b1942978129a6996a7d027f",
            "input": "Article: Worried about how many calories( ) you are going to get in that piece of pizza, chocolate cake or bag of chips? A new iPhone application that takes a picture of the meal with the phone and gives a calorie read-out almost at once, may help. The MealSnap was developed by DailyBurn, a fitness social network that has created several other fitness and diet-related iPhone applications. Within minutes of taking a picture of a meal and matching it to the given information of some 500, 000 kinds of food, the application sends users a warning with a range of calories for the meal that was photographed. To start with, we sent it something simple--a Braeburn apple. A couple of minutes later the application replied that it was between 64 and 96 calories. Andy Smith, chief director at DailyBurn, said: \"The database  can also quickly help recognize the food, how many calories there are, proteins, fat, carbs, vitamins, whatever you may want to know.\" Mr Smith added that it will take some time to complete calorie counting but the application makes it easier to record the calories in food. That is why it is so popular among those who are trying hard to lose weight. \"The pure act of recording something can cause a psychological  change that can help people on their health and fitness plan. Just the simple fact of recording it makes me more understand what I'm eating,\" he said. In addition, MealSnap can serve as a food diary, allowing users to keep a readable record of the meals they have eaten. Mr Smith said:\"It's like a food journal, but easier. All you do is take the picture.\" MealSnap is available on the iTunes store for PS1.79, or $2,99 in the US. \n Answer: To help people realize the importance of choosing food.",
            "output": [
                "Why did DailyBurn invent the MealSnap according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-24a742ad2ab0489ab77f0653e2a7ce55",
            "input": "Article: When people think of the unique characteristics of Beijing the hutong style always comes to mind.It is no exaggeration  to say within hutong lives the city's history. The word hutong was borrowed from the Mongolian word to mean \"water well\" about 700 years ago.Later it referred to a place where people live.Hutong we see today are made up of small lanes formed by walls of siheyuan.They were built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. When the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, there were more than 3,000 hutong.Most of the city's population lived in this traditional housing.But with the modernization of the city in the 1980s and early 1990s, many hutong were pulled down to build roads, skyscrapers and modern houses. The government has recognized the importance of hutong to Chinese cultural heritage .In 2002, Beijing listed 40 protected historical zones and increased its efforts to restore some key relics and older streets in the city.Nearly 500 hutong have survived. Hutong that still exist are like oases  of calm surrounded by the noisy city.Walking through them, it's common to see groups of elderly citizens sitting together playing cards, mahjong or Chinese chess.In the early mornings and evenings, they gather to practice traditional forms of exercise such as taijiquan as well as dancing and singing folk songs or Peking Opera.Hutong have become a museum of Beijing's folk customs and history. \n Answer: Water well.",
            "output": [
                "What is the original meaning of the word hutong?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f1b80953a9104df0a08c0460f720a372",
            "input": "Article: Robert Louis Stevenson was born in Edinburgh in Scotland in 1850. He had to end his college studies because his health was poor. He began to travel, looking for a place that was good for his health. And he wrote about his travels. Inland Voyage(1878) was about journeys by canoe  on the rivers and canals of Belgium and France. Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes followed it in next year. People loved his travel books, and they also found his poems beautiful. In 1879 he travelled to California in a very uncomfortable ship and then by train across the United States to San Francisco. He married in California, but his poor health made him and his wife travel again. Readers of his travel books and poetry were surprised when Treasure Island came out in 1883. It was not at all like his earlier writing, but both children and grown-ups loved it. Treasure Island was finished in Switzerland. Stevenson then continued to travel. He loved the islands of the southern Pacific Ocean, and he found that his health was better there. In the end, he and his wife made their home in Samoa. It was there that he wrote Kidnapped(1886), the story of David Balfour and Alan Breck. It was followed (but not immediately) by Catriona, which continues the story of David Belfour and tells of other exciting adventures of David and Alan, and of David's love for Catriona Drummond. In between the two stories about David Belfour came another surprising book, the \"thriller\" called The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Stevenson died in Samoa in 1894, and he is buried there. \n Answer: He was also a popular poet.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about Stevenson is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-570f048f8c9740568fe8ccff81fa8343",
            "input": "Article: Thousands of dead red-winged blackbirds fell from the sky in an Arkansas town on New Year's Eve after massive injuries, tests by Arkansas officials concluded on Monday. Some 5,000 birds mysteriously fell from the sky in Beebe, Arkansas after dark on New Year's Eve. \"The birds suffered from acute physical injuries leading to internal hemorrhage  and death. There was no sign of infectious disease,\" the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission said in a statement. The birds were otherwise healthy, it said. One theory is that birds were frightened by New Year's fireworks and flew into buildings or other objects. \"Loud noises were reported shortly before the birds began to fall from the sky,\" the statement said, adding that blackbirds have poor night vision and seldom fly at night. Another theory was that severe weather such as lightning accounted for the loud noises but this was  _ because the violent weather had already left the area. \"We're leaning more toward a stress event,\" said Arkansas Game and Fish Commission spokesman Keith Stephens. The commission also is trying to determine what caused the deaths of up to 100,000 fish over a 20-mile stretch of the Arkansas River near a dam in Ozark, 125 miles west of Beebe. The fish were discovered on December 30. Stephens said the commission expected results on the fish tests in probably a month. Since almost all the fish were one species -- bottom-feeding drum, Stephens said, the test was very important. Stephens also said: \"The events do not appear related.\" Both that section of the river and the air at the site of the bird deaths were tested for toxins . Beebe is a town of about 4,500 people located 30 miles northeast of the state capital. \n Answer: Murder",
            "output": [
                "What is NOT the probable reason why the dead red-winged blackbirds fell from the sky?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5a7a283e00b842cd9e52c417cc89e9fe",
            "input": "Article: My high school life has been filled with many ups and downs, whether it was social or academic. Even though my current high school was not my first choice, I never regretted attending Southside High School. \"Since you have chosen it, then it is the best for you,\" said my parents. Up until the junior year I did not realize my capabilities   as a student. Being in the IB Program, I was told that my junior year would be the toughest in all the years of high school. With this \"little\" piece of information, I walked into my junior year, scared of my grades. As weeks went by, I started to believe that the junior year was not as hard as everyone had said, but I was wrong. My grades were rapidly declining  and by the end of the first term I had had five Cs in seven of my classes! I could not believe it --- I did not want to believe it. I tried my best to get my grades up myself without any help from anyone, but my pride just made my grades worse. And I had to miss out on one of the most important speech and debate competitions all year: States. I was heartbroken. I realized that I could not survive my junior year on my own, so I had to get help fast. Once I got a tutor, my grades went from Cs, Ds, and even some Fs, to nothing but As and Bs. I slowly started to gain my confidence back in all of my classes and even myself. By the time the third and fourth quarter came around, I had been on the honor roll twice, and I was receiving awards from speeches and debates, tennis and school. Southside has taught me to always keep my head up and never give up on myself no matter what life throws at me. I am proud to be a Southside Tiger. \n Answer: Worried",
            "output": [
                "How did the writer feel when she walked into her junior year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-91ade72054de42aea4301f32ac8dadf5",
            "input": "Article: If you're looking for the place that has everything, there's only one place to visit, and that is New York. It's a whole world in a city. The World of Theatre: All of New York is a stage. And it begins with Broadway. Where else can you find so many hit shows in one place? Only in New York. The World of Music: Spend an evening with Beethoven at Lincoln Centre. Swing to the great jazz of Greenwich Village. Or rock yourself silly at the hottest dance spots found anywhere. The World of Art: From Rembrandt to Picasso. From Egyptian tombs to Indian teepees. Whatever kind of art you like, you will find it in New York. The World of Fine Dining: Whether it's roast Beijing duck in Chinatown, lasagna in Little Italy, or the finest French coq au vin found anywhere, there is a world of great taste waiting for you in New York. The World of Sights: What other city has a Statue of Liberty? A Rockefeller Centre? Or a Bronx Zoo? \n Answer: To see the Statue of Liberty.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following program can a visitor have only in New York?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-21812e4bf3244571a99f0556630a139b",
            "input": "Article: On my first day of work at Moro Assurance, I arrived nervously, totally wet and nearly half an hour late. I had forgotten to take an umbrella, had missed the bus and was mow ready for a good scolding  . It was then that I met Nicky Jonathan, the Managing Director.   She was a small, birdlike woman. Her appearance gave others the impression of a nervous, easily-flustered   person. I soon learnt, however, that her true character was calm, warm and kind, yet very professional. After reminding me that lateness would not be tolerated   in the office, she laughingly admitted to me that she had been over an hour late in her first morning because she had lost her way, which was typical of her. After a wet, awful morning, this kind office manager led me to my seat; yet her kindness and super ability didn't stop surprising me there.   During the years I worked with her, my admiration for Nicky steadily increased. Her ability to deal with several matters at once seemed almost miraculous  . I remembered one occasion when nearly everyone in the office had gone down with the flu, yet Nicky managed to keep the office running smoothly without seeming stressed. The most striking thing about Nicky was her understanding towards others.  _ If she sensed that something was wrong, she would call you into her office and encourage you to talk. Not only was she a good listener, but the advice she offered was always sound as well.   All in all, Nicky is the most admirable person I've ever mer. I will always remember her as the \"guiding light\" in my working life. \n Answer: She got the flu.",
            "output": [
                "What did NOT happen to the author on her first day at work?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c0875eeae9d04d32bef24aa7bc7a426e",
            "input": "Article: Chokwe Selassie, aged 13, is working hard to help drivers avoid potholes . The eighth-grader was inspired to kick off his creation on a recent morning, when his mother was driving him to school. Their car was damaged as it went over a huge pothole in the middle of the street in their hometown of Jackson, Mississippi. He decided to do something about the pothole problem in his city. Chokwe developed the app with his friends Rodriguez Ratliff and Emmanuel Brooks. When the app detects a pothole, it is highlighted in red. And if you get close to the pothole, your phone will warn you with a beep. Drivers can also use the app to report any potholes and look for other routes they can take to avoid roads that have them. The app relies on current available information about the streets of Jackson, already stored in a database of the city's 311 call system. Through the call system, citizens dial 3-1-1 to report non-emergency problems which include potholes. Chokwe and his friends determined that focusing on the 10 busiest streets in Jackson would give them a large enough sample size to test the prototype. While developing the app, the boys took part in a Minority Male Makers Program sponsored by Verizon and held at Jackson State University. They learned 3D printing and design, and how to create apps. Through the program Chokwe and his friends received encouragement and guidance. Although the app isn't yet available for sale, Chokwe is already looking for ways to improve the app. He hopes to add more to it until it spreads all over the country. \n Answer: Warn drivers about potholes.",
            "output": [
                "What is the app used to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6b1e79175d944b93bfa70d49f8155733",
            "input": "Article: Some people surveyed tasted the sweet, salty, and crunchy together with other tastes of food as they listen to different noises. It shows that louder noises reduced the reported sweetness or saltiness of food while increasing the measure of crunchiness . It may go some way to explain why airline food is widely complained about by both the workers and passengers. Andy Woods, a researcher, said, \"It's a general opinion that plane foods aren't fantastic, but I'm sure airlines do their best, so we wondered if there were other reasons. One thought was that perhaps the background noise may have an effect. NASA gives their space explorers very strong-tasting foods, because for some reason, they can't taste food that strongly--again, it may have something to do with the background noise.\" In a study, 48 people were fed sweet foods or salty ones, while listening to nothing or noise through earphones. Meanwhile they rated  the foods. In noisier settings, foods were rated less salty or sweet than they were when it was silent, but were rated crunchier. \"The evidence shows that if the background noise is loud, your attention might be drawn to that, away from the food.\" Dr. Woods said. \"We are still at an early stage of progressing and this is a rather small study to really draw definitive  conclusions from,\" Dr Woods said, \"but they suggest that restaurants could well adapt their choice of food for a given environment.\" Also in the group's findings there is the suggestion that the overall satisfaction with the food is also related to the degree to which people like what they are hearing. \n Answer: Less salty but crunchier.",
            "output": [
                "How does the food taste when it is eaten in a noisy environment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c4b9cfaa8d3b42a7970740541ed04ddd",
            "input": "Article: A new study suggests that early exposure to germs  strengthens the immune system. That means letting children get a little dirty might be good for their health later in life.  The study involved laboratory mice. It found that adult mice raised in a germ-free environment were more likely to develop allergies, asthma  and other autoimmune disorders. There are more than eighty disorders where cells that normally defend the body instead attack tissues and organs.  Richard Blumberg,who led the study,is a professor at Harvard Medical School in Boston,Massachusetts. He says,in 1989,medical researchers who sought to explain these diseases, first discovered that the increasing use of antibacterial soaps and other products, especially early in life, could weaken immune systems.  Now, Dr. Blumberg and his team have what is the first biological evidence to link early exposure to germs to stronger adult immune systems. They say this exposure could prevent the development of some autoimmune diseases.  In the adult germ-free mice, they found that inflammation in the lungs and colon  was caused by so-called killer T cells. These normally fight infection. But they became overactive and targeted healthy tissue--an autoimmune condition seen in asthma and a disease called ulcerative colitis .  Dr. Blumberg says the mice raised in a normal environment did not have the same reaction. He says their immune systems had been \"educated\" by early exposure to germs.  Rates of autoimmune disorders are rising worldwide, but mostly in wealthier, industrialized countries. According to Dr. Blumberg, it might be high time that people were warned to be more careful with the early use of antibiotics  and the prescription from their doctors.  Rob Dunn is a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at North Carolina State University in Raleigh. He says the new study does not mean people should stop washing. \"Wash your hands , but don't do it with antibacterial soap. Let your kids play in a reasonable amount of dirt and get outside and get exposed to a diversity of things\", says Rob Dunn. \n Answer: Medical researchers who tried to treat autoimmune disorders.",
            "output": [
                "Who first found immune systems might get harmed by overly using antibacterial products?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-719d0aea845a41578174c68a2892c8d4",
            "input": "Article: The economic growth that many nations in Asia and increasingly Africa have experienced over the past couple of decades has transformed hundreds of millions of lives - almost entirely for the better. But there's a _ to that growth, one that's evident - or sometimes less than evident - in the smoggy, smelly skies above cities like Beijing, New Delhi and Jakarta. Thanks to new cars and power plants, air pollution is bad and getting worse in much of the world, and it's taking a major toll (,) on global health. How big? According to a new analysis published in the Lancet, more than 3.2 million people suffered deaths from air pollution in 2010, the largest number on record. That's up from 800,000 in 2000. And it's a regional problem: 65% of those deaths occurred in Asia, where the air is choked by diesel soot   from cars and trucks, as well as the song from power plants and the dust from endless urban construction. In East Asia and China, 1.2 million people died, as well as another 712,000 in South Asia, including India. For the first time ever, air pollution is on the world's top - 10 list of killers, and it's moving up the ranks faster than any other factor. So how can air pollution be so damaging? It is the very finest soot - so small that it roots deep within the lungs and then enters the bloodstream - that contributes to most of the public - health toll of air pollution including death. Diesel soot, which can also cause cancer, is a major problem because it is concentrated in cities along transportation zones affecting overpopulated areas. It is thought to contribute to half the deaths from air pollution in urban centers. Fro example, 1 in 6 people in the U.S. live near a diesel - pollution hot spot like a rail yard, port terminal or freeway. We also know that air pollution may be linked to other non - deadly diseases. Fortunately in the U.S. and other developed nations, urban air is for the most part cleaner than it was 30 or 40 years ago, thanks to regulations and new technologies like the catalytic converters   that reduce automobile emissions. Govemments are also pushing to make air cleaner - see the White House's move last week to further tighten soot standards. It's not perfect, but we've had much more success dealing with air pollution than climate change. Will developing nations like India eventually catch up? Hopefully - though the problem may get worse before it gets better. The good news is that it doesn't take a major technological advance to improve urban air. Switching from diesel fuel to unleaded   helps, as do newer and cleaner cars which are less likely to send out pollutants. Power plants - even ones that burn mineral fuels like coal - can be fitted with pollution - control equipment that, at a price, will greatly reduce smog and other pollutants. But the best solutions may involve urban design. In the Guardian, John Vidal notes that Delhi now has 200 cars per 1,000 people, far more than much richer Asian cities like Hong Kong and Singapore. Developing cities will almost certainly see an increase in car ownership as residents become wealthier - and that doesn't have to mean deadly air pollution. Higher incomes should also lead to tougher environmental regulations, which is exactly what happened in the West. We can only hope it happens before the death toll from bad air gets even higher. \n Answer: The world's serious air pollution such as soot and dust.",
            "output": [
                "What tends to give rise to the highest death toll according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9ee32792f644f108aa2d49721600b8c",
            "input": "Article: After my husband died suddenly from a heart attack on the tennis court, my world crashed around me. I was overwhelmed with the responsibilities of earning a living, caring for the children and just  _ . I was fortunate to find a wonderful housekeeper to care for the children during the week, but from Friday nights to Monday mornings, the children and I were alone, and frankly I was uneasy. One Friday evening I came home from work to find a big beautiful German shepherd on our doorstep. He gave every indication that he intended to enter the house and make it his home. I agreed to let him sleep in the basement until the next day. The following morning we made phone calls and checked lost-and-found ads for German's owner, but with no results. German, meanwhile, actually made himself part of the family. Saturday night he was still with us, sleeping in the basement. On Sunday I had planned to take the children on a picnic. When we stopped to get gas at a local station, we were amazed to see German racing to the gas station after us. He settled down in the back for the ride to the picnic. Monday morning I let him out for a run while the children got ready for school. He didn't come back. As evening came and German didn't appear, we were all disappointed. We were convinced that he had gone home or been found by his owner, and that we would never see him again. We were wrong. The next Friday evening, German was back on our doorstep. Again we took him in, and again he stayed until Monday morning, when our housekeeper arrived. This pattern repeated itself every weekend for almost 10 months. We grew more and more fond of German and we took comfort in his strong, warm presence, and we felt safe with him near us. Each week, between German's visits, I grew a little stronger, a little braver and more able to cope; every weekend I enjoyed his company. Then one Monday morning we patted his head and let him out for what turned out to be the last time. He never came back. We never saw or heard of German again. I think of him often. I believe German was sent because he was needed, and because no matter how abandoned and alone we feel, somehow, somewhere, someone knows and cares. We are never really alone. \n Answer: The passage doesn't tell us directly.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the German shepherd come to the author's house?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad19921c66ca4e0095fe44af9aef7d17",
            "input": "Article: This week was busier than usual, and I was very tired today. All I wanted to do was to go home and enjoy a bowl of good hot soup. But when I saw my daughter's car, _ Since his parents separated, I had tried to have my six-year-old grandson spend a few hours with me at least once a week. I had always tried to make it a special time for him. We did many interesting things; Bryan loved all these activities, and so did I. But today I had to give up our evening. I said how tired I was feeling. \"Bryan, I'm sorry. Tonight I don't feel like having fun or playing games. We'll have our night together some other time.\" I saw the sadness in Bryan's eyes. He said, \"I like soup, Grandma.\" I knew he meant \"Please don't send me away. Please let me stay.\" I saw the shadow   in Bryan's eyes. Something else was changing. Maybe he thought I wouldn't want to have him come any more -- not tonight, not next week, not ever. Finally, I said OK. I was glad to see his eyes light up. After I put the soup on the stove   and turned on the TV, I fell asleep. When I woke up, there was a coat over my legs, and the soup was gone. Bryan was on the floor, reading a coloring book and watching a television show at the same time. The poor boy must have been so bored  ! When he found I was awake, he ran over and gave me a big hug. \"I love you, Grandma,\" he said. \"Haven't we had a nice time together?\" His big smile and happy eyes told me that this time he meant exactly what he was saying. That was the keyword -- together. We had done nothing exciting or special. But we were together. \n Answer: She was too tired to have fun or play games with him.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the author want to stay with her grandson that night at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87064bf137d14512b9e446c521272ca0",
            "input": "Article: If you are a Lefty , then Left Handers Day is just for you ! The world is built for right handers. In school, have you ever seen a left handed desk ? They don't exist . Many left handed items cost more . The computer mouse is designed for right handers . Scissors for right handers . Only a lefty would understand this . But do you know that right handed people operate in the left side of the brain . Left handed people use the right side . Therefore, only left handed people are in their right mind . Left Handers certainly earned the right to have a day special for them . This special day was first declared and celebrated on Friday , August 13, 1979 by an organization called Lefthanders International . They chose to open their business on that day to address the myths and misconceptions about left-handers . They published a magazine for left-handers and they sold left-handed products for more than twenty years before going out of business a few years ago. The holiday is celebrated annually on the 13th of August . But Left-handers Day is not merely a celebration of the creative superiority of lefties , it also aims at raising awareness of the difficulties presented by a right-handed world . This is a day for left-handers to show their pride and pay tribute to famous left-handers past and present , including some of our greatest artists , athletes and entertainers . Furthermore , this day is to praise the creativity and talents of those left-handers who are less famous but equally productive members of our society . So take a minute to appreciate your left handed friends and loved ones . Don't forget to send them a Left Handed Day E-card to show your respect . Remember that \"Leftis have rights!\" \n Answer: Because left-handers aren't paid enough attention to .",
            "output": [
                "Why does the writer say, \"The world is built for right handers\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f588767105604570bbea89368279fb30",
            "input": "Article: Forbes asked a panel of architects and campus designers to nominate their picks for the best-looking campuses in the world. These are their top choices. Kenyon College Gambier, Ohio, US Mike Evans, a principal at Norfolk, Va., design firm Hanbury Evans Wright Vlattas + Company, says to be beautiful a campus must have a \"signature campus space as a carrier of the campus brand.\" At Kenyon College, that space is \"Middle Path,\" a 10-foot-wide footpath that serves as the Gothic hilltop campus' central artery. More than just a trail, it's a village green for the tight-knit campus community. Sergei Lobanov-Rostovsky, who teaches 17th-century poetry at Kenyon, says the college, both isolated and pastoral, is \"a small place to think big thoughts.\" Oxford University Oxford, England Teaching within Oxford's stone walls dates as far back as the 11th century, and the school is considered a paradigm  for all college campuses. With its labyrinth of quads, cloisters, and archways, it evokes elegance and tradition at every turn. \"Its monastic roots and the spectacular quality of its buildings make it an architectural wonderland,\" says David Mayernik, associate professor at Notre Dame's School of Architecture. Princeton University Princeton, N.J., US Princeton's style is pure Collegiate Gothic ; most of it executed in gray stone covered in, yes, ivy. As imposing as these old stone structures are, the campus keeps life on a \"human scale\" by preserving green spaces and walkability.Sinuous footpaths, archways, plazas - all are designed to inspire spontaneous discussion and learning. Scripps College Claremont, Calif., US The total plan of this women's college, founded in the 1920's, has always called for artistic connection between buildings and landscape. Together, architect Gordon Kaufmann, in collaboration with landscape architect Edward Huntsman-Trout, created a distinctively Southern Californian blend of Mission Revival-inspired architecture and landscape, which is lovely, evocative and intact. An expert in deciduous trees, Trout planted rows of liquid amber trees to give the students \"a sense of autumn\" come fall. He also peppered the campus with tulip trees, sycamores, almond and orange trees, as well as rare shrubs. Stanford University Palo Alto, Calif., US New additions like the Science and Engineering Quad manage to gracefully blend modern and technological elements with the timeless, elegant aesthetics of the campus' early California Mission Revival architecture. The campus also scores big points for its dramatic entrance via Palm Drive, its romantic Spanish red-tile roofs and myriad patches of green. Tsinghua University Beijing, China Forbe's panel of architects says natural setting plays a big part in assessing a campus' beauty. In that regard, this campus is blessed: Founded in 1925, Tsinghua sits on the former site of the Qing Dynasty's royal gardens. Many of Beijing's most notable historical sites, like the Summer Palace, are close by. The campus is peppered with artificial ponds where stone benches and floating lotus blossoms inspire reflection. \n Answer: Five.",
            "output": [
                "In this text, the writer mentioned many best-looking campuses in the world. How many Universities are in America?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2af9f3227d504bfebce95c924cecbe0c",
            "input": "Article: A few minutes later she got up and went to the phone. She knew the number of the police station, and when the man at the other end answered, she cried to him. \"Quick! Come quick! Patrick's dead!\" \"Who's speaking?\" \"Mrs Maloney. Mrs Patrick Maloney.\" \"You mean Patrick Maloney's dead?\" \"I think so,\" she sobbed. \"He's lying on the floor and I think he's dead.\" \"Be right over,\" the man said. The car came very quickly, and when she opened the front door, two policemen walked in. She knew them both--she knew nearly all the men at that precinct. Briefly, she told her story about going out to the grocer and coming back to find him on the floor. While she was talking, crying and talking, Noonan discovered a small patch of congealed blood on the dead man's head. He showed it to O'Malley who got up at once and hurried to the phone. Later, one of the detectives came up and sat beside her. Did she know, he asked, of anything in the house that could've been used as the weapon? Would she mind having a look around to see if anything was missing--a very big spanner, for example, or a heavy metal vase. They didn't have any heavy metal vases, she said. \"Or a big spanner  ?\" She didn't think they had a big spanner. But there might be some things like that in the garage. The search went on. She knew that there were other policemen in the garden all around the house. She could hear their footsteps on the gravel outside, and sometimes she saw the flash of a torchlight through a chink in the curtains. Then one by one they came in and were persuaded to take a little nip of whisky. They stood around rather awkwardly with the drinks in their hands, uncomfortable in her presence, trying to say consoling things to her. Sergeant Noonan wandered into the kitchen, came out quickly and said. \"Look, Mrs Maloney. You know that oven of yours is still on, and the meat still inside...I better turn it off for you, hadn't I?\" \"Will you do that, Jack. Thank you so much.\" When the sergeant returned the second time, she looked at him with her large, dark, tearful eyes. \"Would you do me a small favour--you and these others?\" She said. \"We can try, Mrs Maloney.\" \"Well,\" she said. \"You must be terribly hungry by now because it's long past your supper time. Why don't you eat up that lamb that's in the oven? It'll be cooked just right by now.\" \"Wouldn't dream of it,\" Sergeant Noonan said. \"Please,\" she begged. \"Please eat it.\" The four policemen _ , but they were clearly hungry, and in the end they were persuaded to go into the kitchen and help themselves. The woman stayed where she was, listening to them through the open door, and she could hear them speaking among themselves, their voices thick and sloppy because their mouths were full of meat. \"The guy must've used a big thing to hit Patrick,\" one of them was saying. \"The doctor says his skull was smashed all to pieces.\" \"That's why it ought to be easy to find.\" \"Exactly what I say.\" \"The murderer's not going to carrying a thing like that around with him longer than he needs.\" One of them belched. \"Personally, I think it's right here on the premises.\" \"Probably right under our very noses. What you think, Jack?\" And in the other room, Mary Maloney began to giggle. \n Answer: The policemen were dealing with the murder of Mary's brother.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is incorrect according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bd4ce4344d264650addf9eceed728b0f",
            "input": "Article: When I was about 10 one day, I was walking down the street with my mother. She stopped to speak to Mr. Lee. I knew I could see Mr. Lee anytime around the neighborhood, so I just stood there. After we passed him, my mother stopped and said something unforgettable, \"You let that be the last time you ever walk by somebody you know without opening your mouth to speak, because even a dog can wag its tail when it passes you on the street.\" That sentence sounds simple but it made me become who I am. At work, I used to say hello to the president of the company and ask him how our business was doing. But I also spoke to the people in the cafe and people who cleaned the buildings, and asked them how their children were doing, for every single person deserves to be accepted, no matter how humble  they are. I remember that after a few years of passing by the president, I had the courage to ask him for a chat. We had a great talk. At some point, when I asked him how far he thought I could go in his company, he said that if I wanted to, I could get all the way to his seat. I've become vice-president, but that hasn't changed how I treat people. I speak to people wherever I am. Speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, and it lets them come into mine, too. The day you speak to someone who has his head down and then see him lift it up and smile, you will realize how powerful it is just to open your mouth and say hello. \n Answer: My Way to Become Vice-President",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b3aa801ce6f54299ba4d80922fb7d64b",
            "input": "Article: Book 1Elixirwritten by Eric Walters Twelve-year-old Roth becomes a friend of Dr. Banting and his assistant, Mr. Best, who are doing research on a cure for diabetes  . She finds herself torn between her sympathy for the animals being experimented on and her friendship with Banting and Best. Book 2George Washington Carver   written by Elizabeth Macleod Meet the \"Peanut Specialist\", George Washington Carver, the inventor and professor who made over 325 products out of peanuts. Through his agricultural research, he also greatly improved the lives of countless black farmers in the southern United States. See also Macleod's Albert Einstein: A Life of Genius. Book 3The Inuit Thought of It: Amazing Arctic Innovations   written by Alootook Ipellie & David MacDonald Explore more than 40 ideas necessary to Inuit survival. From ideas familiar to us today to inventive concepts that shaped their lives, celebrate the creativity of a remarkably intelligent people. Also see other books: The Chinese Thought of It by Tingxing Ye and A Native American Thought of It by Rocky Landon and David MacDonald. Book 4 Made in Canada: 101 Amazing Achievements   written by Bev Spencer What things do we use daily that have a Canadian connection? Here are 101 common things that were invented in Canada or by a Canadian, including the Blackberry, alkaline  batteries and the Blue Box recycling program. Book 5Newton and the Time Machinewritten by Michael McGowan Ten-year-old boy Newton has invented a time machine to see dinosaurs up close. But it disappears on a test run with his two huge friends, King Herbert and Queen Certrude, can he save them before time runs out? \n Answer: Painful.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best describes Roth's feeling in Book 1?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-957c2affeee940cf902cb7cb1f30a90a",
            "input": "Article: For every cup of coffee you made, about two spoons of grounds end up in the waste. That doesn't seem like a lot, but just think about the millions of coffees consumed around the world every single day, and you'll see the problem. Sure, some of those coffee grounds are recycled as fertilizer to enrich the soil or beauty products like face masks, but most will be buried into the ground. It was while considering this issue that German product designer Julian Lechner came up with a new way of recycling coffee grounds -- turning them into tableware. \"We were always drinking coffee at university,\" Lechner remembers. \"And that's how I started to wonder. What happens to all that coffee? It was all just getting thrown away.\" He began consulting with his professors about ways of using coffee grounds to create a solid material. \"We tried combining with a lot of different things,\" Lechner said, \"We even tried sugar. That was close, but basically it was a candy cup. It just kept melting after being used three times.\" The whole point was to make it last long, so Lechner and his partners went back to the institute to continue their research. Finally, after many failed experiments, they came up with a mix of coffee grounds and a biopolymer  that seemed to behave the way Lechner had expected it. \"The moment of knowing the cup would actually stand was super-exciting,\" he recalls. \"It was wonderful to drink that first coffee out of the cup. It proved to be totally worth the wait.\" And his creation has proven commercially successful, which is just _ . The coffee cups are now present in ten shops across Europe, and the company can hardly keep up with demand, regularly selling out of its stock online. Lechner will soon launch a larger line of coffee grounds cups and also work on a travel mug. But those are just short-term plans, as Lechner hopes to one day use recycled coffee grounds to create all sort of useful stuff--like sheets and furniture in cafes and restaurants. \n Answer: Improve the soil.",
            "output": [
                "What do people do with coffee grounds before Lechner?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0059ad0382c44859af48924c56adaf16",
            "input": "Article: Dear Editor, Recent reports have indicated an additional 1, 400 Marines are being sent to Afghanistan in the coming weeks. This means it costs over $1 million annually on the ground over there. I do place a higher level of blame on the policymakers who send soldiers off to kill and be killed in the field. I think the human race needs to think more about killing. One needs to do the _ : \"Are these wars JUST?\" I believe that all of our wars since 1945 have been illegal, under international law as well. I suggest that all your readers examine their conscience as it relates to the matter of making war. The fact that many soldiers are motivated by a strong sense of duty does not give them some unqualified moral right to support these wars or any other. It's responsible for all the troops, and the entire population, to determine whether the Afghan or Iraq wars are in accordance with  the development of the state. I wish someone would give me one or more logical reasons why we are still fighting in Afghanistan and what our goals are. I certainly don't understand it and neither do many who are more knowledgeable than I. Outsiders have tried unsuccessfully for centuries to conquer Afghanistan, and we seem to be no more successful. We are trying to develop a stable central government, but the country is badly divided into ethnic and tribal groups, and the current government is corrupt . Moreover, we are apparently regarded as undesirable occupiers by many of its people, most notably the Taliban.  If we are to continue spending billions every year in Afghanistan and killing hundreds of our people and many of theirs, our government must provide us with a reasonable explanation of why we are doing so and what we can expect to accomplish. George Myers \n Answer: Reports about sending soldiers to Afghanistan.",
            "output": [
                "What caused the author to write the letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-027a1a544b50413c92b96967adca244c",
            "input": "Article: According to a new US study, couples who expect their children to help care for them in old age should hope they have daughters because they are likely to be twice as attentive overall. The research by Angelina Grigoryeva, a sociologist at Princeton University, found that, while women provide as much care for their elderly parents as they can manage, men do as little as they can get away with and often leave it to female family members. Her analysis of the family networks of 26,000 older Americans concluded that gender  is the most important predictor  of whether or not people will actively care for elderly parents. In a paper being presented at the annual conference of the American Sociological Association in San Francisco, she concludes that simply having a sister makes men statistically likely provide less care. Using data from the University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study, a study which has been tracking a cross-section of over-50s for the last decade, she calculated that women provide an average of 12.3 hours a month of care for elderly parents while men offer only 5.6 hours. \"Whereas the amount of elderly parent care daughters provide is associated with limitations they face, such as employment or childcare, sons'caregiving is associated only with the presence or absence of other helpers, such as sisters or a parent's spouse ,\" she explained. \"Sons reduce their relative caregiving efforts when they have a sister, while daughters increase theirs when they have a brother.\" \"This suggests that sons pass on parent caregiving responsibilities to their sisters.\" In the UK, the 2011 census  showed that there are now around 6.5 million people with caring responsibilities - a figure which has risen by a tenth in a decade. But many are doing so at the risk of their own health. The census showed that those who provide 50 hours or more of care a week while trying to hold down a full- time job are three times more likely to be struggling with ill health than their working counterparts  who are not carers. \n Answer: Gender.",
            "output": [
                "What's the most important factor to predict if people will actively care for the elderly?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a50b900d6f564c9396d2878b9b64263e",
            "input": "Article: Feeling good and having humor in our lives can do wonders for our position and productivity , which means that there is definitely a place for some humor on the job. Having a smiling face will help your coworkers and supervisors feel better being around you, and you may well end up harvesting the rewards by laughing more in the workplace. But you need to know how to apply humor in your work environment. One of the main rules with humor in the workplace is to avoid argument when you are joking. Stay well away from joking about political affairs , race and religion. Never make fun of other people within your organization, as you are trying to win friends with the people you work with, and not set against them. If you can't help yourself, please be extremely careful. Making jokes about the ups and downs of your trade is a safe way to add wit  to the place of work. You will have the benefit of knowing precisely what your coworkers have to face each and every day, and it's much better as it helps to let go of tensions and lower stress levels by getting them to chuckle  about the situations they come across frequently. The very best time for some humor is when you are not working, but still in the region of the people you work with, such as a coffee or lunch break. You can also make an effort to be funny on the job, but when you are working, it's a good idea to use jokes much more discreetly than you would normally do. In general, humor in the workplace can flex your creative muscles and be a great help to your job. \n Answer: A mistake you made at work.",
            "output": [
                "What is a proper topic for you to joke about at work?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e94ae7ddbff941f4aa43e6c888d5429c",
            "input": "Article: ARE you a dog person or a cat person? With so many photos and videos of cats and dogs doing cute things online, it's easier than ever to answer which of these furry friends you like more. There are many reasons why people prefer one type of pet over the other. So, have you ever wondered what your preference for cats or dogs says about you? In fact, a 2010 study done by Sam Gosling , a psychologist at the University of Texas, US, and his graduate student Carson Sandy found that dog people are more extroverted agreeable and serious than cat people. \"Cats will occasionally engage in social activities, but usually after only a few minutes they will abandon the game. Dogs, on the other hand, will often engage in play, like fetching a thrown lull, for hours at a lime,\" said Modem Dog magazine. Just on the basis of dogs' nature being more sociable than cats', you may expect that the personalities of dog people also reflect higher sociability. And Cosling's study found that dog people are generally about 15 percent more extroverted and 13 percent more agreeable, both of which are associated with social altitude. In addition, dog people are 11 percent more conscientious than cat people. \"Conscientiousness\" is a tendency In show self-discipline ,to complete tasks and aim for achievement. This quality also shows a preference for planned rather than spontaneous   behavior. In comparison, cat people an; about 12 percent more anxious, but they are also 11 percent more \"open\" than dog people, due to a general appreciation for art, emotion, imagination, curiosity, adventure, unusual ideas and variety of experience. And people high on openness are more likely to hold unconventional beliefs. Despite vast differences, there an some things that cat people and dog people have in common. \"Both types of people consider themselves close to nature, dislike animal-print clothing and generally optimists. \" noted Mother Nature Network. \n Answer: What your preference for dogs or cats reveals about you.",
            "output": [
                "What does the article mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6803db9cfe92437faa4fe4b7c583b49c",
            "input": "Article: Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand   of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims. The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people's hair. \"You're what you eat and drink, and that's recorded in your hair,\" said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah. While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as rain clouds move. Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes  . The heaviest rain falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah. Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months. Cerling's team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops. They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of rain systems. \"It's not good for pinpointing ,\" Cerling said. \"It's good for eliminating many possibilities.\" Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair. When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months. She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming. \"It's still a substantial area,\" Park said \"But it narrows it way down for me.\" \n Answer: A person's hair may reveal where they have lived.",
            "output": [
                "What is the scientists' new discovery?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8b5605324ef46c2bc2839170d65d7fb",
            "input": "Article: Chris Medina was an outstanding star on a Monday night's audition of American Idol (,). He made the Americans moved for more than just his singing. Chris performed the famous band The Script's song \"Breakeven\" and he brought along his beloved fiancee , Juliana Ramos, who is limited to a wheelchair following a terrible car accident. There is a very touching emotional story behind them. Chris, an amazing singer, said he fell in love with Juliana the first moment he saw her and they became engaged soon afterwards. They had planned to get married two years after getting engaged. But shortly before they could hold each other's hands into the marriage hall, Juliana, suffered from a brain injury in a tragic car accident. On the exact day they were supposed to get married, Chris shared a song he wrote for his fiancee. \"I'm giving all I've got to give/ To pull you through/ In your darkest hour, I will be your light,\" were some of his _ lyrics. Juliana's idol is Oprah Winfrey and Idol judge Steven could see that she remains a fan of Chris' music, accompanying him to the audition. Chris received a ticket to Hollywood, which Juliana proudly waved. While he is heading to Hollywood to pursue his dream of singing, Chris continues to take care of Juliana, alongside her mother. Chris' love story touched more than the Americans. It reached Irish rockers The Script, who spoke highly of the young man and his songs at the audition. \"Chris Medina: not only are you a major talent, but you are one in a billion! Stay strong and never give up. This world needs more men like you.\" the band's guitarist, Mark Sheehan, said. \n Answer: Chris' lyrics showed his true love for Juliana.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-facb397363d443d4941e29524f783587",
            "input": "Article: Joe,31,has spent nearly three years in a prison in Douglas, South Africa, counting the days in prison for house breaking. Joe made bad friends, who were always talking about stealing. Later, Joe did things bad. \"I want to be a bright, bright star. I want people, when they hear me, to see the darkness a little less.\" The first seven months in prison he thought about \"everything\".Then he started to write songs.\" I started to put my feelings into words,\" said Joe. Aron Turest-Swartz, Freshly Ground's founder, noticed Joe's music.\" I was really shocked because I hadn't heard a voice like that before,\"he said. Turest-Swartz visited Joe and listened to some of the 40 songs he had written in prison, and came up with the idea of recording an album   there. When Joe was 13, his family was very poor: his sister would tell him that she had a headache because of no enough food, but there was nothing to give her. Joe made bad friends, who were always talking about stealing. Later, Joe did things bad. Finally, he was put behind bars. Prison could have broken him: he couldn't even see his family members buried. His father died when he was in prison. So did Joe's 18-month-old daughter. Before prison, he'd seen her in the hospital. Joe felt broken when she died. But he marked the time of his rebirth--his decision to be a better man--from that moment.\" I decided to be myself. So I started behaving like a gentleman,\"he said. On December 13,2010,the album he recorded in prison was timed for release ( ).He was set free for good behavior after two years and 10 months. That afternoon, Joe gave a concert at the prison to celebrate his freedom and his CD, Crazy Life. Joe got into a crowd favorite. \n Answer: For stealing.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Joe put into prison?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e200257b8a804fdabb0c41d65c2250cc",
            "input": "Article: Today, nearly 400 animals are listed as threatened or endangered animals in the United States. Many are at risk of becoming extinct or disappearing permanently. Unless efforts to save these vulnerable  animals succeed, many of the country's greatest creatures will be lost forever. From the facts listed, guess which animals are endangered. Click on the picture to find out more about each of these animals in trouble. American Crocodile *American crocodiles are about 12 feet long. They live on land and in shallow water, swamps and marshes. *American crocodiles like to float in the water with only their eyes and noses above the water surface. *American crocodiles eat mostly small animals, which they grab with their strong jaws and sharp teeth. *American crocodiles lay eggs. They hide their eggs under twigs and leaves, or bury them in the sand. *Some crocodiles help their young hatch, and then carry them to the water in their mouth. Habitat Southern Florida, Mexico, Central and South American, Caribbean islands. Why It's Endangered Overhunted for its skin and habitat destruction. Peninsular Bighorn Sheep *Bighorn sheep can weigh as much as 280 pounds and stand about 3 feet tall. *They live in dry, desert mountain ranges, near rocky cliffs. *Bighorn sheep eat grass, twigs and leaves. *Male sheep are called rams and can be recognized by their huge, brown horns. The horns curl back over the ears, down,and up past the cheeks. *They live in herds or groups. The male sheep with the biggest horns are usually in charge. Male horns can weigh as much as 30 pounds. *Males will use their massive horns to fight. The fights can last as long as 24 hours. *Females are called ewes. They are smaller than rams and have shorter, smaller horns. Habitat Nevada and California to west Texas and south into Mexico. Why It's Endangered Loss of habitat, hunting illegally, drought and disease. \n Answer: Website.",
            "output": [
                "Where can the article be found according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bd7ae53ac6ed477b9bf15900259db16a",
            "input": "Article: Two traveling angels stopped to spend the night in the home of a wealthy family.  The family was rude and refused to let the angels stay in the guest room. Instead the angels were given a space in the cold basement. As they made their bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole in the wall and repaired it. When the younger angel asked why, the older angel replied, \"Things aren't always what they seem. \" The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor, but very hospitable  farmer and his wife.  After sharing what little food they had, the couple let the angels sleep in their bed where they could have a good night's rest. When the sun came up the next morning, the angels found the farmer and his wife in tears. Their only cow, whose milk had been their only income, lay dead in the field.  The younger angel was very angry and asked the older angel, \"How could this happen? Why did you not watch out for the cow? The first man had everything, yet you watched over his house,\" she accused.  \"The second family had little but was willing to share everything, and you did not help. \" \"Things aren't always what they seem,\" the older angel replied.  \"When we stayed in the basement, I noticed there was gold stored in that hole in the wall. Since the owner was so greedy and unwilling to share his good fortune, I asked God if I could seal the wall so he couldn't find it. Then last night as we slept in the farmer's bed, the angel of death came for his wife. I ask God if the angel could take the cow instead. Things aren't always what they seem. \" \n Answer: Because she didn't like the greedy owner.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the older angel repair the hole for the rich family?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-deda74550a20482d84885cb2634d3cf0",
            "input": "Article: Did you ever think someone was scary  because they looked different or ate strange food? Well, they might think the same about you! One of the things we all need to do is to _ variety.We shouldn't think badly of people from other cultures because they behave differently from us. Sometimes we treat people from other countries unfairly, because one person from that culture did something bad.Well, has your class ever been punished just because a few kids were causing trouble? Has your whole family ever been blamed for something your little sister did? It doesn't seem fair, does it? It's just equally unfair to blame a whole culture for what two or three people have done. So here are some things that you can do to help yourself understand other cultures: 1Find common ground! Just remember that even though some people look different on the outside, that doesn't change how they are on the inside.They still have the exact same feelings! 2 _  Because someone from another culture has been mean to you, you decide to avoid everyone from that culture.Well think about it.Why are you blaming them for something they didn't have anything to do with? Put yourself in their shoes.How would you feel? Putting yourself inside someone else's head can be a very powerful way to understand WHY they are acting the way they are. 3Try to make friends with people from other cultures! You could ask them about their culture, or what it is like in their country, if they can remember, or if they have ever lived there.Try foods from their culture, or ask them about words in their language.You might be surprised at how interesting other cultures can be! You can join great discussion groups, participate in projects, and have lots of fun doing new things. 4Be aware that you've judged other people If you know what you have done, it helps to make things better.Pay attention to what you think about other people.It helps. \n Answer: What to do to understand other cultures",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly discussed in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e1a22f5e09694bef85eb4f7c58fe3606",
            "input": "Article: I appreciate how biking to work allows me to be outside for at least a small part of my day. I'm a senior program director. If I didn't bike to work, I'd spend my weekdays almost entirely indoors--underground tunnel. On the bike, I get trees, air and a great way to get to know city neighborhoods. Of course, I also get bad weather and city traffic. But it's worth the trade-off. The weather's not often bad, and rain and snow have their charms. I've been cycling to work since the late 1990s. I started when the city was doing some construction in the subways and rerouting passengers, which would have lengthened my trip considerably. I tried riding my sister- in- law's bike to work one day and liked it, so I bought my own. Even though I hadn't biked since I was a child, I got back into it right away. I bike during all four seasons. In summer, I wear shorts and a T- shirt and carry a messenger bag over my shoulder for my lunch and anything else I need. Once at the office, I change into business- casual clothes. In winter, I wear layers and a thin hat under my helmet. A cold winter day can be the best time to be on a bicycle. When the air is clear, free of oppressive summer haze, the city can look beautiful. Biking to work also _ during the workday itself. I have a rack   on the back of my bike that accommodates panniers that allow me to pick up groceries. During work hours, a colleague will occasionally need to send or retrieve documents by messenger. If I have the time, I volunteer. Pedaling 30 blocks and back is a nice way to take a break from work--and to save the office a few bucks on messenger fees. I'm sure that some people thinking my mode of transportation might be afraid of Midtown traffic. I'm no hero; I don't want to get hurt riding to work. It just takes time getting used to it. There's a risk, but all travel has risks. They're worth it to me. \n Answer: To protect the environment",
            "output": [
                "Which is the reason for the author cycling to work?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-56aa88927f3c4392b4d22123aa57279a",
            "input": "Article: For decades, public health officials have puzzled over a surprising fact about HIV: Only about 10-20 percent of infants who are breastfed by infected mothers catch the virus. Tests show, though, that HIV is indeed present in breast milk, so these children are exposed to the virus multiple times daily for the first several months of their lives. Now, a group of scientists and doctors from Duke University has figured out why these babies don't get infected. Human breast milk naturally contains a protein called Tenascin C that neutralizes HIV and, in most cases, prevents it from being passed from mother to child. Eventually, they say, the protein could potentially be valuable as an HIV-fighting tool for both infants and adults that are either HIV-positive or at risk of contracting the infection. The research, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, was inspired by previous work by other researchers showing that, both in tissue cultures   and live mice, breast milk from HIV-negativemothers was naturally endowed with HIV-fighting properties. Scientists suggested that a few different proteins in the milk could potentially be responsible, but no one knew which one. As part of the study, the researchers divided breast milk into smaller fractions   made up of specific proteins via a number of filters   -- separating the proteins by size, electrical charge and other characteristics--and tested which of these fractions, when added to a tissue culture, prevented the cells from being infected by HIV. Eventually, they found that one particular protein was present in all the HIV-resistant fractions but in none of the others: Tenascin C. Tenascin C works by blocking a key protein on HIV's envelope that normally ties up to a receptor on a T cell's membrane called CCR5. In doing so, Tenascin C prevents HIV from mixing with the T cell and injecting its RNA inside. Still, the researchers say that other natural elements in milk might play a role in fighting HIV as well. \"It's clearly not the whole story, because we do have samples that have low amounts of this protein but still have HIV-neutralizing activity,\" the study's lead author Permar says. \"So it may be acting in concert with other antiviral and antimicrobial factors in the milk.\" Whatever those other factors are, though, the finding vindicates (......) recent changes to UN guidelines that recommend even HIV-positive mothers in resource-poor countries should breastfeed, if they're taking anti-retroviral drugs to combat their own infection. The next steps, Permar says, are determining which area of Tenascin C is active and whether it can effectively prevent transmission in a live animal. If it works, it could potentially be incorporated   into an HIV drug with broader applications. It's even possible that it could someday be adapted to reduce the risk of HIV transmission in adults as well as infants. \n Answer: It can sometimes prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about Tenascin C is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5b20700fa5384a2096054dfea4e95076",
            "input": "Article: Country-dwellers  often say the constant noise, heavy traffic and crowds of the city would drive them mad. Well, they might be right, according to the latest research. City residents are more likely to develop mental illnesses than those who live in villages, a study has found. Researchers from Cardiff university examined the lifestyles of more than 200,000 people in Sweden and found that those who lived in urban areas were more at risk from mental illnesses than people who lived in villages. The experts don't know exactly why this is but they suggest that town and city residents are more likely to be ostracized  by those around them. They are more likely to experience discrimination  if they do not fit in, which can lead to them feeling anxious and even developing mental illnesses. Dr Stanley Zammit, who led the research said that people living in towns and cities are more likely to develop other mental illnesses that result in personality changes -- a condition known as non-affective psychosis . Earlier this year an official report found that village-dwellers live an average of two years longer than those living in towns and cities. According to figures from the Office of National Statistics in the UK, men who live in villages are likely to live for between 78 and 79 years, while those in towns and cities can expect to survive to an age of 76. Women on average survive to their 81stbirthday in towns and cities, but live to between 82 and 83 in villages. The small marked town of Wimborne Minster in rural Dorset was named the healthiest place to live in. \n Answer: City-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d25513269735497fbc9e14980908a051",
            "input": "Article: Airtight plastic bags can help farmers protect their harvests without the use of harmful chemicals. These bags are designed to keep air out of crops in storage. Using them is a simple way to fight insects and keep crops fresh.     Ten countries in West and Central Africa are involved in a project to improve the storage of cowpeas, also known as black-eyed peas. Farmers can lose much of the harvest to insects called bruchids  , which grow from egg to adult in a few weeks and then lay forty to sixty eggs. They can destroy the whole harvest within months.     Farmers can sell their crops immediately. But selling at harvest time means more competition and lower prices.Or they can use pesticides   to kill the bugs. But a crop scientist Dieudonne Baributsa says, \"They end up misusing or overusing the pesticide. In Nigeria, they have reported a lot of cases of death. They usually call cowpeas 'killer beans' in Nigeria.\"     Mr. Baributsa is a researcher at Purdue University in Indiana, America. The project is called PICS---Purdue Improved Cowpea Storage. He says the storage bags are thick enough that any insects already in the cowpeas willdie from a lack of oxygen. The lack of air will also help prevent the growth of bacteria that can ruin the harvest. The bags cost about two dollars each. Mr. Baributsa says that is not much, especially if it means farmers can wait long enough to get a better price for their crops. The bags are produced locally. Donors currently support the project, but the groups involved are working to build a lasting market for the bags because donation for the project will not lastforever.     A company based in the United States called GrainPro makes another kind of airtight bags. These are called SuperGrainbags. Phil Villers, the company's president, says storing a harvest safely not only helps farmers earn more money, but also reduces the amount of the harvest loss to insects, spoilage and mishandling. \"What does not get wasted and eaten means it is possible to feed a hungry world,\" said Phil Villers. \n Answer: Simple bags save the harvest.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8974ef53db4b40a7a79da3290e2e395c",
            "input": "Article: At the recent O&P Extremity Games, I had the opportunity to observe a new generation of athletes with disabilities who were skateboarding and rock climbing. These young people really showed the promise of how rewarding physical activities are! We disabled can - and should be -- as active as anyone else. When we get and stay active, we will feel better, be able to do more, have healthier bodies, and look better. It is a fact that exercise actually produces energy and builds on itself. The more we exercise, the fitter our bodies are, and thus the more energy we have to enjoy recreation and the pleasure of life.    Not everyone is cut out to be a competitive athlete, but there are things that we can do to strengthen our physical well-being. Experts recommend that spending as little as 30 minutes each day on physical activities provides benefits including lower risk of heart disease, cancer, high blood pressure, diabetes   and other serious diseases. Taking steps to become physically fit does not have to mean acquiring expensive training equipment or a gym membership. Exercise can include simple walking and running, gardening, cleaning the house, swimming, tennis, bicycling (stationary or on the road) and so on. The key is to do it on a regular basis.    Healthy lifestyles also require good nutritional habits. When choosing foods, nutritionists advise whole grains, flesh fruits and vegetables, fish, and lean   cuts of poultry and meat. The benefits of drinking eight full glasses of water a day are also  _ . Water provides the means for nutrients to travel to all our organs, improves skin tone   , regulates body temperature and contributes to muscle strength and control, which is confirmed by scientists.    Fitness results in completing the tasks of daily living, working a full day, and still having energy to participate in recreational activities. By being fit, you'll find that you enjoy recreational activities even more because you won't be tired or suffer from gore muscles.    It is time, folks, to get moving. So let's all get out there and do some exercise! \n Answer: He intends to call on people to do exercise.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's purpose of writing the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e810bea944944e2991ace79a70992f62",
            "input": "Article: WASHINGTON(Reuters)--Federal Government Agencies in the capital region will remain closed for a second day on Tuesday as residents trying to clean up the weekend storm that shocked the area with two feet of snow.      Another big winter storm was expected to hit the U.S. mid--Atlantic on Tuesday and last through Wednesday, the National Weather Service forecast on Monday.  _ snowfall is ranged from 10 to 20 inches, it said. The new storm was expected to hit other big cities along the East Coast, including Baltimore and Philadelphia, which is still extending into New Jersey and New York. It would pile on to the 32 inches of snow that fell in suburban Washington in the biggest snowfall to hit the city in decades.      The Office of Personnel Management announced on Monday evening that Federal Government Offices in the Washington area would be closed on Tuesday. Emergency employees were expected to report for work in time, but non--emergency employees were excused. The Federal Government was closed on Monday, though President Barack Obama still held meetings at the White House. Schools and most businesses in the region also were shut.      In the county, about 80,000 people lost power on Saturday, and some customers still had no electricity or heat on Monday. Many schools said classes would be canceled through Tuesday, even before the latest storm warning.      On Monday, winter sunshine bathed the nation's capital and the surrounding region, where people dug out their driveways and sidewalks to finally start to clear streets in some residential neighborhoods. Bus service on Monday was limited to just a small number of routes in the Washington, D.C.      Cold and snow blanketed much of the central United States this winter, slowing weight gain in cattle and pigs, delaying livestock sales, and increasing feed costs for producers.      The new storm might also hit the Northeast, the nation's largest market for heating fuel. The weekend blast largely bypassed that region. \n Answer: Weather Closes Government Offices a Second Day",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8bf872d36d7e4c818c74776a376df4d9",
            "input": "Article: \"Eat local.\" It's one way to reduce human effect on the planet.Eating local means to try to buy and consume foods that are grown in places close to home.However, most of the food sold at supermarkets is not locally grown or produced.Trucks and planes deliver these foods from hundreds or thousands of miles away.During the transportation, greenhouse gases are produced, causing global warming.So the shorter the distance your foods must travel, the less the harm is done to the environment. But how do you get local food if you live in a large city, hundreds of miles away from farms?Environmental health scientist Dickson Despommier and his students came up with the idea of a \"vertical farm\". A vertical farm is a glass-walled structure that could be built as tall as a skyscraper.Since the garden is built upwards, rather than outwards, it requires much less space than an ordinary farm.The world is quickly running out of room for ordinary farming.Vertical farms could be a key to this situation.Despommier imagines a 30-story building with a greenhouse on every floor.The walls of the building would be clear, to allow crops to get as much sunlight as possible.Depending on a city's water resources, Despommier thinks hydroponic  farming is another method for the vertical farm which needs no soil to grow plants. Despommier says the hydroponic greenhouses would use a system that would use a city's waste water and fill it with nutrition to make the crops grow.If this method works, it would provide food to a city and save millions of tons of water. The idea of a vertical farm has attracted the attention of government officials around the world.Scott Stringer, a government official from New York City, thinks the city is suitable for the vertical farming.\"Obviously we don't have much land left for us,\" Stringer said, \"But the sky is the limit in Manhattan.\" Despommier admits that there is still a lot of work to do to make vertical farms a reality.\"But I think vertical farming is an idea that can work in a big way.\" he says. \n Answer: Because it is environmentally friendly.",
            "output": [
                "Why are people advised to eat local?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1a5b50ba08e942ebb252e93eacd136d5",
            "input": "Article: The united States has about 475,000 school buses -- all painted yellow. Each day they carry more than 25,000,000 children, half of all schoolchildren in the country. But these buses, on average, use four liters of diesel   fuel to travel less than sixteen kilometers. When the school year began last fall, diesel averaged 55 cents a liter nationally. The price nearly doubled, to a dollar and 8 cents, by the end of school in June. Bob Riley speaks for the American School Bus Council. He says fuel prices for schools are not much lower than others have to pay. As a result, schools are looking for ways to reduce transportation costs. Bus routes are being redrawn or, in some cases, canceled. Some areas are buying buses that use natural gas or other alternative fuels. Other steps include fewer field trips and less travel by sports teams. And some school districts may end any bus service not required by law. Studies show that school buses are the safest form of transportation to and from school. The American School Bus Council says cuts in bus service are bad for children and possibly the environment. It says removing buses from the road will mean an increase in other vehicles transporting students. Spokesman Bob Riley says another concern is that reducing bus services might reduce attendance. But it could also get more children to walk or bicycle to school. And that would surely make people happy at the National Center for Safe Routes to School. More kids walking or biking safely to school is the aim of a three-year-old federal program, part of an international movement. The goal is to increase physical activity and reduce air pollution. The United States will celebrate Walk to School Day on October eighth this year. But for some students, high fuel prices could make every day a walk-to-school day. \n Answer: High fuel prices' influences on school buses.",
            "output": [
                "What does this passage mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f24a9ccff0d46f4ae8da401eef6345a",
            "input": "Article: BEIJING -- The rescue operations at a coal mine accident have ended with 105 miners dead. The State Council has organized an investigation team to probe   into what caused the disaster in the city of Linfen, North China's Shanxi Province. Preliminary  investigations show the illegal mining of an unauthorized seam , and the number of miners who had been sent down the shaft far exceeded its capacity. This mine was found to have long ignored the rules to steal state coal, and did not have a list of miners employed to check the number of miners missing after the accident. How did such a coal mine get all the necessary licenses for production? How did it pass the three safety inspections the local government organized last month? In response to this disaster, the Shanxi governor promised to set up hotlines for people to report illegal coal mines and rewards as high as 100,000 yuan for _  We appreciate the action this governor has taken to solving the coal mining problems, and we believe that the reporting scheme will help to stop the existence of illegal coal mines. But at the same time we have reason to question how governments at various levels supervise these mines. The sad fact that such a mine with serious safety problems could pass three consecutive  local government safety inspections in a month is enough to tell us how ineffective the safety inspections were. What if these inspections were just a formality ? What if the inspectors were bribed by the mine owners to turn a blind eye to the safety dangers? We can well imagine what would happen if reports about mine problems were handled by such officials. So a thorough probe must find out who are responsible for the death of so many miners. A real safety inspection and management system must be established to guarantee that safety dangers will be removed. \n Answer: The workers didn't operate properly.",
            "output": [
                "What is NOT one of the causes of this coal mine accident?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a061121cb0044076ade477f219803a41",
            "input": "Article: American officials have sharply reduced their expecmtions for this year's corn and soybean crops.Farmers in the Midwest are struggling with record heat and the worst drought in many years.          The United States is the world's largest producer of com and soybeans.Last Friday the Agriculture Department predicted corn production would add up to 10.8 billion bushels this year.That was down 17%from a prediction made just a month ago.And it was down 13%from last year's level.The average yield per hectare could be the lowest in seventeen years.          At the sarne time,the government predicted that soybean production would be 12% lower than last year.          The price of corn has hit record levels.Corn is a major part of animal feed,so the price of meat,milk and eggs is also expected to climb. The FAO says average food prices worldwide rose 6%in July.The American drought was a big reason.          The situation has renewed the fight between food and fuel.About 40%of the nation's corn crop goes into making ethanol .The production process leaves some of that in a form that can be fed to animals.Still,at least one-fourth of the American corn crop is now made into fuel.          The United States requires that part of its corn crop be used in the production of biofuels .The use of ethanol has grown as government requirements have increased.But Jose,the head of the FAO called for\"an immediate,temporary pause\"of that requirement.He said more of the American corn production could then be used as food or to feed animals.          The American livestock industry is also urging Congress to stop the law that requires ethanol in gasoline.But corn farmer Alan Bennett says doing that would hurt his town.          A 2005 law requires automobile fuel to contain ethanol.The growth of the ethanol industry and competition for corn has been helping parts of rural America that had been reducing for years. \n Answer: The decrease of crops in America restarted the fight between food and fuel.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2645094b799e4a6eb349e4ed5059d9a8",
            "input": "Article: Sleep is a basic human need, as basic as the need for oxygen. Getting a good night's sleep is not only directly related to how we feel the next day, but to our long-term health as well. However, many of us suffer from insomnia  . Even more odf us report at least one night of restless sleep per week. This is a serious problem. Well, how can we make sure that we rest well and stay healthy? Here are some suggestions. If you can't sleep in the middle of the night, don't get up. The bright light will affect your body clock and worsen your insomnia. Stay in bed! Avoid short sleep during the day, except for a brief ten to fifteen-minute sleep between 2:00 and 4:00 P.M. Limit your time in bed to the average number of hours you 've actually slept per night last week. Don't try to make up for lost sleep. It can't be done. Get regular exercise each day, but finish at least six hours before bedtime. Exercising in the evening can help keep you awake. Take a hot bath for thirty minutes within two hours of bedtime. The bath will warm you, relax you, and make you feel sleepy. Keep our bedroom dark, quiet, and well ventilated  . Keep a regular schedule seven days a week. Avoid sleeping late on weekends. Although it may feel good while you're doing it, sleeping late on weekend can lead to insomnia during the week. Don't drink alcohol  . Although, having a drink before bed makes you sleep, alcohol loses its effects after a while. The secondary effects of alcohol can wake you up during the second half of your night's sleep. Keep the face of the clock in your bedroom turned away, and don't find out what time it is when you awaken in the night. \n Answer: Preventing the wind from blowing into your room.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT advised for a good night's sleep?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-242f260f008745ad8692e48c293a7bad",
            "input": "Article: Healthy food is a general term applied to all kinds of food that is considered healthier than the types of food sold in supermarkets. For example, whole grains, dried beans, and corn oil are health food. A narrower classification of healthy food is natural food. This term is used to distinguish between types of the same food. Raw honey is a natural sweetener, while refined sugar is not. Fresh fruit is a natural food, but canned fruit, with sugars and other additives  is not. The most exact term of all and the narrowest classification within health food that has been grown on a particular kind of farm. Fruits and vegetable that are grown in gardens, that are treated only with organic fertilizers, that are not sprayed with poisonous insecticides  , and that are not refined after harvest, are organic food. Meat, fish, dairy and poultry products from animals that are fed only on organically-grown food and that are not injected with hormones   are organic food. In choosing the type of food you eat, then, you have basically two choices: inorganic, processed food, or organic, unprocessed food. A wise decision should include study of the reason why processed food contains chemicals, some of which are proved to be poisonous and that vitamin content is greatly reduced in processed food. Bread is typically used by healthy food supporters as an example of a processed food. First, the seeds from which the grain is grown are treated with a chemical that is extremely harmful. Later, the grain is sprayed with a number of very deadly insecticides. After the grain has been made into flour, it is made white with another chemical that is also poisonous. Next, a dough conditioner is added along with a softener. The conditioner and softener are poisonous, and in fact, the softener has sickened and killed experimental animals. A very poisonous antifungal compound, is added to keep the bread from getting moldy . Other food from the supermarket would show a similar pattern of processing and preserving  . You see, we buy our food on the basis of smell, color1 and texture, instead of vitamin content, and manufacturers give us what we want, even if it is poisonous. The alternative? Eat health foods, preferably the organic variety. \n Answer: Healthy food.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b45a9aaaab3349e88d6c7784e9e4fc97",
            "input": "Article: For most people,below--freezing temperatures generally put a stop to outdoor exercise,but Siberian native Boris Fyodorov is not most people. Minutes after the calendar ticked over to this past 2014 New Year's Eve,Fyodorov set off on a solo,out--and--back marathon run from his home in the Siberian village of Oymyakon,completing the 26.2-mile course-his first marathon-in just over five hours.During the run he experienced temperatures as low as -38oC. And that was just the way he wanted it. \"I heard about other marathons around the globe,naming themselves 'the coldest',like the most recent North Pole marathon with runners going at -28oC.'' Fyodorov told the Siberian Times.\"I thought surely this cannot be right.Our Oymyakon is the coldest inhabited place in northern hemisphere.Why don't we arrange a marathon here?'' Oymyakon is widely considered to be one of the coldest places on the planet,and its record-low temperature of-68oC, recorded in 1933,is tied for the coldest recorded temperature for any inhabited place on Earth.The average January temperature in the area is -50oC. Not only did Fyodorov finish the marathon in high spirits,but he also wants it to be colder the next time he tries it.\"I really want to organize next Oymyakon marathon in January when the air goes down to -50oC or -60oC,\"he said. Fyodorov is not the first person to take on a cold--weather athletic challenge like this.In addition to the North Pole Marathon that he mentioned,the Antarctica Marathon is held every year in late February,taking runners on an out--and--back tour from Russia's Bellingshausen Station.A second Antarctica event--the Ice Marathon--has been held80F degrees south since 2006. \n Answer: How cold is too cold for an ice runner",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6cf6bd3ebae14ed0b0e7ec1cecc45528",
            "input": "Article: It's a too long story -- 17 months to be exact -- with an ending that's short and sweet. Ruthie has, finally and happily, been reunited with her family. The story goes back to October, 2005. Ruthie, 8 months old, was sitting on the back seat of the family car when her owner walked hurriedly into a Long Island store. When Nancy Noel returned a few minutes later, Ruthie was nowhere in sight. Nancy Noel and her husband, Lincoln Werden, got in touch with Nassau County police, put up flyers   around their Manhasset neighborhood. But no sightings of Ruthie were reported. Until last week, that is, someone sent Ruthie to a Manhattan shelter after finding her walking slowly around the Bronx -- 25 miles from where she was taken on that fateful October day. And then, shelter workers searched Ruthie for a possible microchip   -- she had one fixed under her skin. It showed her family's name and address. Ruthie was immediately reunited with Nancy Noel and her daughter, Sara Werden. \"We never thought we would see her again,\" said Sara Werden. \"We were just amazed.\" She's no longer the tiny pup they last saw. In fact, Ruthie gained   10 pounds during her months away from home. She's on a diet now, and has already lost one and a half pounds. Ruthie also has a new friend to play with. The family had got another dog, named Holly, after losing the hope of ever finding their beloved Ruthie. \n Answer: In March 2007.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, when did Ruthie get together with her family?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95b24211298a4fa48faa13e07acc524a",
            "input": "Article: The winter holiday season is the busiest time of the year in the US, and Thanksgiving is the one holiday this time of year that doesn't get the attention it deserves -- it is often overshadowed by Christmas. However, I still feel the festive atmosphere in my family. Each year, I attend not just one Thanksgiving dinner, but typically between three and four. Thanksgiving lasts all throughout the second half of the week. I travel to different houses to spend time with different parts of my family. We usually eat a giant amount of traditional Thanksgiving foods such as deviled eggs, ham, green beans, potatoes, and breads. We don't eat the traditional turkey like many families do, but we have just about everything else that someone would want to eat. After eating, we sit around and chat. Usually someone has brought a guest, such as a new boyfriend/girlfriend or a new baby, so there's always a chance to get to know the new family member, as well as catching up with family that I haven't seen for a long time. My extended families are very different, which makes for different holiday experiences. My other's family is very polite and quiet, and that makes the dinner with them seem very formal. My father's family is the opposite. They're loud and don't even try to control what words come out of their mouths. Their Thanksgiving usually includes yelling at whatever football game is on the television. It's very casual and relaxed. Either way, it's nice to be able to see my family and spend time with them. In my eyes, Thanksgiving is a holiday based on being thankful for what you have, spending tine with family, and eating a lot more food than you probably should. Not all these things go with its history, but it makes for a nice tradition. \n Answer: She enjoys spending time both of her parents'families although they are quite different.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think of her parents'families?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-45225524c2674b79b8663f1bde34bbc2",
            "input": "Article: Oleksander Pylyshenko is either very fearless,very foolish... or both. The 40-year-old zookeeper from the Ukraine recently spent five weeks in a cage with Katya, a 200-kilo African lioness. Why? Well for a start, he wanted to raise awareness of the treatment of animals in captivity. Secondly, he hoped to break the Guinness World Record for time spent living in a cage with a lion. And thirdly? \"I wanted to show my children what kind of man I am,\" said Oleksander.  For 36 days, Oleksander and Katya shared the cage together. They ate hunks of meat thrown into the cage by Oleksander's wife, and slept side by side on a bed of hay. Oleksander did have a few more creature comforts than his feline flatmate - he built himself a shower and toilet inside the enclosure. But he didn't use any soap as the sharp scent is upsetting to lions. And as if living with the king of the jungle wasn't dangerous enough, Katya was also pregnant at the time. She gave birth during Oleksander's stay. Wild animals are very protective of their young but the zookeeper said Katya trusted him completely. Oleksander' wife, Olena, was also very trusting. \"when he first told me about the plan I was very scared. But I decided to support my husband.\" Once the five weeks was up, Oleksander stepped out of the cage and declared the experiment a success. He told a Russian news agency, \"Katya taught me a lot about honesty and kindness.\" Also, a representative from Guinness World Records confirmed that Oleksander ahd beaten the previous record by three weeks. But the parting was also bittersweet. \"Katya was very sad to see me go,\" Oleksander noted. Oleksander's wife, on the other hand, was very happy to have her husband back. [(<<>> 20121 \"Into the Lion's Den\" )] \n Answer: He wanted to earn money by taking the risk of living with a lion.",
            "output": [
                "Which is not the purpose of spending 5 weeks in cage with a lion according to Oleksander? [ ]"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-07dde6485b13410c80c7d637a95484d4",
            "input": "Article: Blameless I was a freshman in college when I met the Whites. They were completely different from my own family, yet I felt at home with them immediately. Jane White and I became friends at school, and her family welcomed me like a long-lost cousin. In my family, it was always important to place blame when anything bad happened. \"Who did this? \"my mother would scream about a dirty kitchen. \"This is all your fault, Katharine, \"my father would insist when the cat got out or the dishwasher broke. From the time we were little, my sister, brothers and I told on each other. We set a place for blame at the dinner table. But the Whites didn't worry about who had done what. They picked up the pieces and moved on with their lives. The beauty of this was driven home to me the summer Jane died. In July, the White sisters and I decided to take a car trip from their home in Florida to New York. The two older sisters, Sarah and Jane, were college students, and the youngest, Amy, had recently turned sixteen. Proud of having a new driver's license ,Amy was excited about practicing her driving on the trip. She showed off her license to everyone she met. The big sisters shared the driving of Sarah's new car during the first part of the trip, but when they reached less crowded areas, they let Amy take over. Somewhere in South Carolina, we pulled off the highway to eat. After lunch, Amy got behind the wheel. She came to a crossroads with a stop sign. Whether she was nervous or just didn't see the sign no one would ever know, but Amy continued into the crossroads without stopping. The driver of a large truck, unable to stop in time, ran into our car. Jane was killed immediately. I was slightly injured. The most difficult thing that I've ever done was to call the Whites to tell them about the accident and that Jane had died. Painful as it was for me to lose a good friend, I knew that it was far worse for them to lose a child. When Mr. and Mrs. White arrived at the hospital, they found their two daughters sharing a room. Sarah had a few cuts on the head; Amy's leg was broken. They hugged us all and cried tears of sadness and of joy at seeing their daughters. They wiped away the girls' tears and made a few jokes at Amy as she learned to use her crutches . To both of their daughters, and especially to Amy, over and over they simply said, \"We're so glad that you're alive. \" I was astonished. No blame. No accusations. Later, I asked the Whites why they never talked about the fact that Amy was driving and had run a stop sign. Mrs. White said, \"Jane's gone, and we miss her terribly. Nothing we say or do will ever bring her back. But Amy has her whole life ahead of her. How can she lead a full and happy life if she feels we blame her for her sister's death? \" They were right. Amy graduated from the University of California and got married several years ago. She works as a teacher of learning-disabled students. She's also a mother of two little girls of her own, the oldest named Jane. \n Answer: Amy didn't get off the highway at a crossroads.",
            "output": [
                "How did the accident occur?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-255356f9228147a6b64bf87272a732ed",
            "input": "Article: To many Americans,Labor Day  marks the end of the summer,a day off from work and school,and one last chance to relax.But Labor Day is much more than just a day off . It represents a very important victory for laborers everywhere.The holiday is a celebration of the social and economic achievements of American workers. More than a century ago workers were forced to deal with harsh conditions.They were paid very little and they often worked 10-to l2-hour days.Men, women and even small children were forced to work even when they were sick.Tired of long hours and dangerous conditions,workers began organizing themselves into labor unions.On top of fighting for higher pay and shorter workdays,they also fought for the rights of children.The workers wanted employers to place limits on the age of their workers so that small children were not overworked or hurt in factories. A New York City carpenter named Peter McGuire is credited  for coming up with the idea for Labor Day.In 1872,after working many hours under poor conditions, McGuire _ 100,000 workers to go on strike.The workers marched through the streets of New York City,demanding a better work environment.McGuire spent a decade fighting for workers' rights.In 1882,he proposed the idea to create a special holiday for workers.On Tuesday,September 5,1882, more than 10,000 workers hit the streets of New York City for the first ever Labor Day parade.Two years later the celebration was moved to the first Monday in September.And in 1894,Congress passed a law making Labor Day a national holiday.Americans celebrated the first Labor Day holiday with a parade,picnics and fireworks. Today,many people hit the road to enjoy the last of their summer vacation.Others enjoy the long weekend with picnics,backyard barbecues or just rest and relaxation.However you spend Labor Day,remember that the holiday is a time to pay tribute  to the workers who have made America what it is today. \n Answer: The first ever Labor Day parade was held in 1882.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e24c07254b964b44b4895062f8229754",
            "input": "Article: Today, people all over the world are moving out of small villages in the country to go and live in big, noisy cities. They are moving from the peaceful hills, mountains, fields, rivers and streams of the countryside to the busy world of streets, buildings, traffic and crowds. This movement from rural  areas to urban areas has been going on for over two hundred years. In many countries, the main reason people come to live in towns and cities is work. After one or two large factories have been built in or near a town, people come to find work, and soon an industrial area begins to grow. There is usually _ nearby, too. The families of these workers need schools, hospitals and shops, so many people come to live in the area to provide these services and a city grows. In every major city in the world, there is a business district where the big companies have their main offices. In the United States, this area is usually in the city center downtown. It is here that you can see many huge skyscrapers and office blocks. The people who work here often travel a long way to work each day. Many of them live in the suburbs of the city, far away from the industrial area and the city center. Some suburbs are very pleasant, with nice houses and big gardens. There are usually parks for children to play in and large department stores where you can buy all you need. But what is the future of the big cities? Will they continue to get bigger and bigger? Perhaps not. Some major cities have actually become smaller in the last ten years, and it is quite possible that one day we will see people moving out of the major cities and back into smaller towns and villages. \n Answer: Because they are sure of having a better life there.",
            "output": [
                "Why do people move to live in cities or towns?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e57318343e942aa8c6b9b9dfe036c3c",
            "input": "Article: When we're little, our mother is the center of our attention, and we are the center of hers. So our mother's characteristics leave an indelible impression, and we are forever after attracted to people with her facial features, body type, personality, even sense of humor. If our mother is warm and giving, as adults  we tend to be attracted to people who are warm and giving. If our mother is strong and even-tempered, we  are going to be attracted to a fair-minded strength in our mates. The mother has an additional influence on her sons: she not only gives them clues to what they will find attractive in a mate, but also affects how they feel about women in general. So if she is warm and nice, her sons are going to think that's the way women are. They will probably grow up to be warm and responsive lovers and also be cooperative around the house. Conversely, a mother who has a depressive personality, and is sometimes friendly but then suddenly turns cold and rejecting, may raise a man who becomes a \"dance-away lover\". Because he's been so scared about love from his mother, he's afraid of commitment and may pull away from a girlfriend for this reason. While the mother determines in large part what qualities attract us in a mate, it's the father--the first male in our lives--who influences how we relate to the opposite sex. Fathers have an enormous effect on their children's personalities and chances of marital happiness. Just as mothers influence their son's general feelings toward women, fathers influence their daughter's general feelings about men. If a father _ praise on his daughter and demonstrates that she is a worthwhile person, she'll feel very good about herself in relation to men. But if the father is cold, critical or absent, the daughter will tend to feel she's not very lovable or attractive. In addition, most of us grow up with people of similar social circumstances. We hang around with people in the same town; our friends have about the same educational backgrounds and career goals. We tend to be most comfortable with these people, and therefore we tend to link up with others whose families are often much like our own. \n Answer: Because the mother and her child are the centers of each other when her child is very young.",
            "output": [
                "Why do our mother's characteristics leave us an indelible impression?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-17e058e6637448829bd718e7495e8469",
            "input": "Article: There are some strong-minded people that are able to stop smoking today and be free from the addiction the next day. However, some smokers may have to seek help from medication   in order to kick the habit.      What medication actually does is to reduce the wish to smoke. Some of the medication must be taken with a doctor's guidance. The five most common medications to stop smoking are Bupropion SR, nicotine gum, nicotine inhalers, nicotine nasal spray and nicotine patches. People can buy nicotine gum and nicotine patches in chemists. However, the other medications require a prescription.      Zyban tablets have been found to be highly effective in curing people of smoking addiction. The tablet needs to be taken whole, without crushing  it, as crushing can lead to side effects. It can be bought on the prescription of a doctor.      Nicotine patches are filled with nicotine and they are applied to the skin. The skin takes in the nicotine and carries it to the blood stream. The amount of nicotine in these patches is quite limited, not enough to lead to addiction. But you shouldn't take them for dinner. In fact, millions of people have benefited from these nicotine patches.      Nicotine gum is supposed to be a safer choice. It is used in such a way that it comes into contact with the blood vessels   in the mouth and then releases the nicotine. The nicotine should not go through the stomach; otherwise, it may cause certain side effects.      These different types of medications have to be taken quite carefully. Do ask your doctor before taking any of these. \n Answer: Nicotine patches.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following medicines can be bought without a prescription?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7ca58b9cde3a44d195e1339586bf6a18",
            "input": "Article: On Jan. 3, a netizen nicknamed \"Programmer Humor\"published a short story on his micro-blog. It said that there was an old lady who swept nearly every inch of his Internet company. When she passed by a programmer, she took a look at the codes on the programmer's computer and kindly reminded him, \"Be careful, the stack is overfilled!\" Certainly, it is a casual and fictitious story made up by the micro-blogger. However, no one would have guessed that the short blog would eventually cause the first great Internet meme  of 2011 in China. Suddenly, the mysterious \"Sweeping Old Lady\" is showing up nearly everywhere and reminding professionals of their mistakes. From 8 a. m. on Jan. 5, some netizens collected stories of the \"Sweeping Old Lady\" and found she had appeared to give advice in 150 kinds of careers. A netizen even said he had met with a similar situation in real life. Actually, the \"Sweeping Old Lady\" is not new figure, but is based on the \"sweeping monk  \"in Louis Cha's famous Kung fu novel of \"Tian Long Ba Bu\". The \"sweeping monk\" is an old monk and does the lowest class of work in Shaolin Temple, but he is actually the No. 1 master in the noel both in Kung fu and in the study of Buddhism. The \"Sweeping Old Lady\" is also a great modest master. Lots of netizens wish that they could have such a lady beside them to give them precious suggestions at a key time. Although there may be 1,000 \"Sweeping Old Ladies\" in 1,000 people's minds, it cannot prevent the \"Sweeping Old Lady\" from becoming the most popular figure on the Internet. \"Programmer Humor\" said he is just a programmer in the real world and once he saw the story about the \"Sweeping Old Lady,\" he wrote it down in his micro-blog because it was funny. He never knew who the original writer of the story was and never thought the story could be so popular. \n Answer: Honest and patient.",
            "output": [
                "What quality does the \"Sweeping Old Lady\" have?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bd5a8471bfaa40d79b94a2333401bcc4",
            "input": "Article: One of the biggest challenges facing students and their families is what career they should enter and what is the best path for them to take. I was talking to someone the other day who told me he first studied accounting because that was what everyone was studying several years ago. It was and some say still is a reliable career. However, then he told me that he was now studying financial investment because again--- that's what everyone was studying now and it was needed if he wanted to get ahead in the company. And I asked him what he was actually interested in and then-- well the conversation kind of died. So I asked why he had bothered studying accounting in the first place and he explained that it was his parents' idea. Finally I asked what his passion was and he wasn't too sure because he never thought about it. And so it is-- lifelong learning-- or the continual need to make ourselves marketable in a world that appears to be more competitive as time goes by. Is there a secret to help us so we can live a life of quality? Regardless or not at this stage in world history with increasing connection between people, ideas and markets -- the ability to match the needs and desires of the day with your own skills and products is a tremendous and vigorous challenge. Many have gone into English or foreign language study because it was encouraged at the time when China was entering the WTO. Or maybe they were interested in international affairs or working abroad. Upon graduation they then faced the reality that there was a limit to how many jobs they could apply for. Perhaps some then studied further doing courses for work such as a tour guide or translator/ interpreter. Many may have decided that going into teaching was more rewarding or stable. Others would have gone into media or advertising or conference management and acquired new skills along the way. This constant quest to remain ahead of the game makes many upset and exhausted. Some futurists who examine technology have even predicted that people should expect to change careers six or seven times during their lifetime! So if you are concerned by the nature of change, why not start spending more time looking at the most modern leading economies, institutions and their publications. A whole lot of changes are starting to happen yet there is no reason why this cannot be enjoyable, exciting and also rewarding. Our attitude, approach and willingness to continually learn and update our skills must remain strong. My tip is to track the work that our government is setting about to achieve. In particular, look at the people who have been chosen as the key support team and try to read behind the light surface news and look at their career development and examine the recent reports that they are now recommending the government move towards. Key industry development, new ways of dealing with information and new demands are creating opportunities for the students and workers of tomorrow -- if we stay prepared. \n Answer: Students planning their careers.",
            "output": [
                "Who is this article intended for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-03043b9f3a8d46f88dfbb115a9205bb8",
            "input": "Article: We may not be aware of it, but ordinary family homes in the U.S. and the rest of the world are not energy-efficient. Most of their energy goes to heating and cooling, and a lot of it is wasted, as warm air and cool air escape through fireplace chimneys and thin or poorly fitting windows and doors. A passive house loses almost none.\"Imagine a thermos ,\"said housing developer Brendan O'Neill.\"You have insulation  everywhere, and it's basically completely sealed. And so the idea is to build a house like a thermos. So the windows are sealed. There's insulation completely surrounding the building. We make it as sealed as possible.\" A 147-square-meter passive house, presented by O'Neill Development Corp. as a demonstration unit just outside Washington, was brought to the site in two boxes.\"Once it's set and put together, it takes about four weeks to complete the outside construction, to put down carpets,\"O'Neill said.\"If everything is set in place, you put a house like this together in about four months.\"The total cost of building it was $325,000, or about 17 percent more than constructing an ordinary house. But its utility  bill is only around $20 monthly, or one-tenth the amount for the average house of the same size. While passive houses have been around for a long time, the idea has never taken root in the U.S. There was no driving force to push it. However, David Peabody, an architect who designs passive houses said,\"I think climate change is now becoming a larger issue. And I think building standards are catching on to that. So people are becoming more aware of energy.\"Peabody said the cost of building passive houses could come down.\"What really makes sense for truly affordable housing,\"he said,\"is to build multi-storey buildings.\" \n Answer: They have no insulation around at all.",
            "output": [
                "Why aren't ordinary family homes energy-efficient?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-61acd69fdb81439abf781690b6c038cf",
            "input": "Article: When someone steps on your toe by accident, you will hurt plenty.But it hurts even more, if you think the person does the same thing on purpose.Earlier studies have found that the feeling of pain can change with how it is experienced.That is why giving people sugar pills and saying they are medicine can make them feel better. This study examined whether self-reported pain is indeed higher when the events producing the pain are understood as intentionally caused by another person.For the study, the researchers told 40 volunteers that they were going to do a series of tasks, including color matching, number counting and discomfort assessment.This last task involved their receiving a brief electric shock to the wrist.They were told that a partner, sitting in another room, would choose which task they would do, and a computer screen helped them to know their partner's choice. In some cases, the volunteers were told their partner had chosen the pain tolerance test.In others, they were told the computers would select the pain tolerance test regardless of their partner's choice.When volunteers thought that their partners were making the shocks on them on purpose, the feeling made the pain worse.As a matter of fact, _ were the same. This study provides evidence that the experience of pain changes depending upon how they think when people have been harmed.Specifically, the meaning of a harm -- whether it was intended -- influences the amount of pain it causes.So, although a broken toe may hurt, an intentionally broken toe should hurt more. \n Answer: People can reduce pain by relaxing.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72c05da762334e78af0ebefecf3db495",
            "input": "Article: Last winter, when I was heavily pregnant, I was visiting my sister and brother-in-law's house and had to park in a nearby parking lot because they didn't have accessible parking. The snow was extremely heavy and there was lots of ice on the ground --- not many people had ventured out that evening!  When I returned to my car around 11pm, I noticed that I was the only car left. Nervously, I hopped into the car and let it warm up a bit. When I finally tried to drive away, my wheels began to spin. I was stuck! I spun and spun and wondered what to do.  All of a sudden, in my rear view mirror, I saw four teen-aged boys approaching my car. They were walking side by side in a line and dressed a bit like gang members --- at least I thought that's what they looked like. My car was in a very isolated area and I began to panic. I was certain they were coming to my car to harm me. Terrified, I just froze. One of the young men tapped on my window and said \"Excuse me, Ma'am, can we help you? You seem stuck.\" Still afraid and fearing the worst, I said \"I am stuck.\" And the young man said \"It's okay, stay in your car and we'll push you out of the snow.\" And they did! When they finally got me out of the snow, they smiled and waved. I rolled down my window and thanked them, embarrassed to have judged them so poorly \n Answer: The kids wanted to help the author out of trouble",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-28256e7f77004e8db13ddc98d0352c86",
            "input": "Article: We've all had a bad feeling soon after a hearty lunch. You can' t stay focused,  your energy level falls, and you wish you possessed a warm blanket so you could curl up under your desk for a quick nap. But you have important things to do-like completing that project or leading a team meeting in 1ess than an hour. You don't have to suffer that fate anymore. I have four foods that will get your focus back on track so that you can finish your workday stronger than you started. Keep these products handy in your office, and you'll never suffer from that 2 p. m. mental slog ever again. Green Tea While coffee is an important afternoon pick-me-up, green tea should not be overlooked. The unique combination of the amino acid thiamine  and caffeine has been shown across several studies to improve creativity, ability to multitask, and reaction time. Try some amazing tea recipes to get, started. Almonds Almonds are a great afternoon recharger that research from Purdue University shows will also aid in your weight-loss efforts. This is because almonds provide sustained energy: a mix of fat, fiber, and protein.Those elements allow almonds to offer a convenient snack that gives you a smooth shot of energy that comes from controlling your blood sugar levels. Plus, research shows that people who regularly eat nuts have as much as a 50 percent reduced risk of having a heart attack. Greek Yogurt Research from the University of Missouri shows that protein helps your body into better blood sugar control by stimulating the release of the hormone glucagon .  Aim  for a cup that has 20 t0 23 gram.s of protein for your snack. Dark Chocolate Despite often being viewed as a bad dietary food, dark chocolate can help fight off that urge to take a nap in the middle of the day. While dark chocolate does contain small amounts of caffeine, its real power comes from phenyl ethylamine . Research from Middlesex University in London shows that just smelling chocolate can shift brain activity towards greater attention. \n Answer: Eating Almonds regularly can help us lose weight.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b189390102f74320a285cc550bf5490a",
            "input": "Article: George had just moved into the street and he felt strange that he was not wanted. He knew that perhaps the other boys were trying to get an idea of what kind of a boy he was. This did not help to make him less lonely. He was new and he had to be tested. Still, proving himself would not be all that easy. He did not want to run with bad boys or get into something against the law to prove that he was strong . No!He must show what he was made of in a more helpful way. That was when he got the idea. The next day was Saturday. He knew that most of the boys would be down on the playground and choose up sides for the Saturday game. George knew he could play well and just might be enough to prove he was strong and to make friends with them. He arrived early and did his step exercises. He shot the ball several times and did some other exercises--the most difficult and most wonderful in basketball. Then the boys came. George went through what he had done before the game and showed what he could do. No one said a word. The boys just looked at each other and thought about it. In the end, when it was all over, the biggest of the group just smiled and nodded his head. George knew he had made it. \n Answer: George felt as lonely as before when the other boys tried to find out what kind of a boy he was.",
            "output": [
                "What does \"This did not help to make him less lonely\" mean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d57340c09ed4c99bf6e9192665a1d2f",
            "input": "Article: There are new findings that not enough sleep may cause people to gain weight.Researchers say a lack of sleep can produce hormonal changes that increase feelings of hunger. In one study,researchers in the United States examined information on more than 1000 people.The people had taken part in a long-term study of sleep disorders. Some people slept less than five hours a night.They had 15 percent higher blood levels of a hormone called ghrelin than people who slept eight hours.And they had 15 percent less of the hormone leptin.Experts say ghrelin helps make people feel hungry;leptin makes you feel full. The scientists say these hormonal changes may be a cause of obesity in Western societies.They note the combination that limitation is common and is widely available. The results were not affected by how much people exercised.People who are awake longer have more time to burn energy.But the researchers say loss of sleep may increase hunger especially  for high-calorie foods,so people gain weight.It seems that,for survival,the body may be designed to store more fat during times with less sleep. Researchers from Stanford University in California and the University of Wisconsin did the study.They found that the best amount of sleep for weight control is 7.7 hours a night. The Public Library of Science published the findings in its journal Medicine.Internet users can read the full study,free of charge,at plos.org. \n Answer: more ghrelin and less leptin-feeling hungry-eating more",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following shows the right way in which lack of sleep causes weight gain?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-941ad36d8487449b9fea1f39cecbafa5",
            "input": "Article: Here's an unusual story: a diamond ring was recently found in an egg. The magician, Liu Qian, discovered it, in front of an audience of millions at CCTV's Spring Festival Gala. Liu's magic tricks have made the centuries-old art of magic fashionable once again, and made him the hottest magician in prefix = st1 /China.   As a seasoned young magician from Taiwan, Liu is popular worldwide for his magic shows. Countries he has performed in include theUnited States,Japan,South Koreaand theUK.   Witnessing something impossible happen right before your eyes is the root of people's love for magic. Liu is known for his interaction with his audiences. He has a unique understanding of showmanship. \"It is actually thinking, rather than one's manipulation skills, that is more important to achieving a successful magic show. We think carefully about how to design the shows creatively, to make them appear more intriguing ,\" Liu said.   Liu's success dates back to his childhood. Born in 1976 in Taiwan, he found himself attracted to a magic toy in a shop when he was seven years old. At the age of 12, he wonTaiwan's Youth Magic Contest, which was judged by the great American magician, David Copperfield.   Yet, Liu never planned on becoming a professional magician. He studied Japanese literature at university and only hoped to be an amateur  magician in his spare time. However, his failure to find a decent  job after graduation pushed him towards magic as a career. To refine his performing skills, he has performed on streets, roads and fields, for pedestrians , policemen and farmers. \"Street shows are the biggest challenge for us magicians. We have to deal with unexpected situations and tough crowds.\" Liu said. \n Answer: Because people love watching magicians make the impossible happen.",
            "output": [
                "Why do people love to watch magic?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6d6af74e2e1f4780b88e4d3ebb838d65",
            "input": "Article: All over the world, libraries have begun the Herculean  task of making faithful digital copies of the books, images and recordings that preserve the intellectual effort of mankind. For armchair scholars, the work promises to bring such a wealth of information to desktop that the present Internet may not match. Librarians see three clear benefits to going digital. First, it helps them preserve rare and fragile objects without refusing the demands of those who wish to study them. The British Library, for example, holds the only medieval manuscript of Beowulf in London. Only qualified scholars were allowed to see it until Kevin S. Kiernan of the University of Kentucky scanned the Manuscript with three different light sources and put the images up on the Internet for anyone to use. A second benefit is convenience. Once books are changed to digital form, readers can find them in seconds rather than minutes. Several people can read the same book or view the same picture at the same time. Clerks are spared the chore of reshelving. And libraries could use the Internet to lend their collections to those who are unable to visit in person. The third advantage of electronic copies is that they occupy millimeters of space on a magnetic disk rather than meters on a shelf. The cost of library buildings is increasingly high. The University of California at Berkeley recently spent $ 46 million on an underground addition to house 1.5 million books----an average cost of $30 per volume. The price of disk storage, on the contrary, has fallen to about $ 2 per 300-page publication and continues to drop. \n Answer: Old manuscripts can be moved more easily.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is mentioned in the text as benefits of going digital?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5a5d2f6d6fc0459583b8e1811ce13a21",
            "input": "Article: While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor a few hundred miles away was watching her every move. Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer's Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked - remotely - to prevent Internet searches , and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down? In the battle against cheating, this is the _ and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid - that students haven't just searched the Internet to get the right answers. Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of \"open online courses.\" Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance. Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check students' identities using personal information, such as the telephone number they once used. Other programs can produce unique exam by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test question are answered at the same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating. \n Answer: To keep her from dishonest behaviors.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6c0874fbe1914ea681a8a5457b228c7f",
            "input": "Article: Movie fans know that their action hero Superman does not really fly.And, in the movie Superman Returns, another visual trick is played on viewers.The man they see flying is not real.He is what is called a virtual actor.The first step in creating this digital actor is to have a real person stand in a room called a light stage.A computer then captures the outlines and shapes of his face and records how they throw off light .Paul Debevec is with the Institute for Creative Technologies at the University of Southern California. \"We can light them with very specially computer-controlled illumination and take photos of them from seven different viewpoints with high quality digital still cameras.\" Mr.Debevec is part of a team working to create computerized images of people, objects and environments that look and act real.The light stage permits actors to be turned into digital versions of themselves much like the blue creatures in the movie Avatar.The real world could soon be using a similar technology.Computer experts at the Institute are developing a 3-D video teleconferencing system.It would send a video image of a person into a meeting room.That image would be able to work with the people in the room, who would see it in 3-D without special eyeglasses.Paul Debevec says: \"The person who is being transmitted to a remote location can actually look around at the people in the room and everybody in that room knows who they're looking at .And that's such a fundamental part  of human communication.\" He believes the business world will begin to use3-D video teleconferencing in the next five years.\" It's also a medium with which young people today are particularly comfortable,\" he said.A demonstration of an interaction between an earthquake survivor and students may be possible in a year.In 10 years, we may be able to play 3-D video games without special glasses. \n Answer: To explain 3-D film-making technology.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author mention the movies Superman Returns and Avatar in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f29a5daec1584bbaa62c4fa4da35d413",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever dreamed about a trip to the space? Seeds of some vegetables and crops are a lot luckier than you, as they have travelled to space and back. China is among the three countries in the world that carry out agricultural research in space. The others are Russia and the US. Since 1987, China has sent about 1,000 species of seeds into space. These include green peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers  , carrots, lettuce and wheat. Even on China's first manned spacecraft Shenzhou-V, there were some seeds from Taiwan. \"Conditions in outer space such as radiation and low gravity can cause big changes in the seeds,\" said Chinese researcher Jin Xing. But not all seeds are better after going to space. After returning to Earth, the best seeds are selected.These seeds produce much more and also grow faster than normal seeds. As the safety of genetically modified   food is still being debated, some people doubt the safety of these \"space vegetables\" because some of their genes are changed during the trip to space. But Jin holds a more positive view. He said, \"unlike genetically modified crops, no new genes are introduced to the space vegetables, so they are definitely safe.\" China has also been co-operating with NASA to grow some super size potatoes on the International Space Station. Special growth rooms use computers to control the light, temperature and humidity  . Using this technology a new, virus-free potato can be produced every 40 to 50 days instead of the previous yearly crop. \n Answer: Japan.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following countries hasn't carried out agricultural research in space up to the present?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d670794c107d4ba3aef8080730f2a6d8",
            "input": "Article: Just 50 years ago Manx seemed to be on the point of disappearing. \"If you spoke Manx in a pub on the island in the 1960s, it was considered provocative  and you were likely to find yourself in a fight,\" recalls Brian Stowell, a 76-year-old islander who has written a Manx-language novel,The Vampire Murders, and presents a radio show on Manx Radio spreading the language every Sunday. The language itself is similar to the Gaelic tongues spoken in the island's neighbours, Ireland and Scotland. A century ago, \"Moghrey mie\" would have been commonly heard instead of good morning on the island. \"In the 1860s there were thousands of Manx people who couldn't speak English,\" says Stowell. \"But only a century later it was considered to be so backwards to speak the language that there were stories of Manx speakers getting stones thrown at them in the towns. \"I learnt it myself from one of the last surviving native speakers back in the 1950s.\" Recession( ) in the mid 19th Century forced many Manx residents to leave the island to seek work in England. And parents were not willing to pass the language down through the generations, with many believing that to have Manx as a first language would affect job opportunities overseas. There was a fall in the language. By the early 1960s there were perhaps as few as 200 who spoke the tongue. The last native speaker, Ned Maddrell, died in 1974. Unesco  pronounced the language died out in the 1990s. Now there is even a Manx language primary school in which all subjects are taught in the language, with more than 60 pupils attending. Manx is also taught in other schools across the island. \n Answer: Good morning.",
            "output": [
                "What does \"Moghrey mie\" mean according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-89613aa32d1b4452877e6cdb675ce343",
            "input": "Article: A British shopper, Emma Mumford, who was named \"the Coupon  Queen\" has spent just PS350 on a luxury  Christmas for her and her family--but got PS2,500 worth of food, drink and presents thanks to coupons and offers. Ms Mumford is a so-called \"extreme couponer\" and spends hours hunting out the best deals and bargains. She has been preparing for this Christmas since the end of the last one. Ms Mumford made the huge savings by checking price comparison websites and as a result collected more presents than she needed for Christmas. After sorting out gifts for all of her family, she has even been able to donate PS1,000 worth of presents to her local hospital. \"It has been so nice to have Christmas sorted and not having to worry about _ . I wanted to get high quality presents for my family and show that you can do it without spending a fortune. There is a misconception that everyone who does couponing only gets value products but through my careful shopping I have managed to purchase designer perfumes , a high-end coffee machine.\" she explained. She said \"What started as a hobby to help me save money has turned into my life and I am able to run a business helping people save money. I know what it feels like to struggle as my ex-partner had a lot of debt which I took on for him. We were in a poor situation where every penny counted. That's what really inspired me.\" She has now turned her bargain-hunting addiction into a business where she searches for the best deals and offers tips to the general public through video blogging and her Facebook Page. \"I try and show people that it is just a little bit of work in the beginning but it will eventually pay off. One of the best things to do is just to be a bit forward thinking and save throughout the year.\" \n Answer: The financial difficulties she shared with her ex-partner.",
            "output": [
                "What really inspired Emma to help people save money?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a0f051c571ac405c96d143ec87f29842",
            "input": "Article: One of the most successful singers of the twentieth century, Ella Fitzgerald has made several different styles of her own. She was born in Virginia but was brought up in an orphanage in Yonkers, New York. Chick Webb _ her in an amateur competition when she was sixteen. He engaged her to sing with his band and when he died in 1939, she took over. Unlike Bessie Smith, Ella Fitzgerald taught herself the sentimental music so popular in the 1930's -- songs like \"My Heart Belongs to Daddy\"-- and her recordings became best-sellers. During the 1940's she developed her own \"scat singing\" -- a breathless, nonsense--syllable style--for songs like \"Flying Home\" and \"Lady Be Good.\" Ella Fitzgerald was the perfect musical partner for her friend, the trumpeter Louis Armstrong, matching him in warmth and artistry. \"I just like music, period,\" she said. \"To me, it's a story. There's only one thing better than singing.... It's more singing.\" \n Answer: The musical career of Ella Fitzgerald.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b232981c57eb4b668ac23013d4564874",
            "input": "Article: My grandmother often said to me, \"You can count the number of your true friends on the fingers of one hand.\" For a long time I thought this was true. However, I've now discovered my grandmother was only half right. Maybe we do only make a few \"best\" friends in our lifetime, but those aren't the only people that we can call friends. There are many different types. Let me tell you about a few of them. One type of friends is the type I call the \"football mom friend\". My neighbor Sally is a good example. We both have kids who play football in a football club, and someone has to take them to practice and pick them up. Sally and I and two other mothers take turns to do this. We meet sometimes and have tea and talk about what our kids are doing, but those are the only times that we meet each other. I enjoy being with these women, but we don't do anything else together. Another type is called the \"hobby friend\". That's the person you share an interest or a hobby with. Michael and Cater, who are brothers, are a good example of this type. We're all in a bird watching club. Every few weekends the members of the club go on a trip to watch different kinds of birds. There's nothing romantic about my relationship with Michael and Cater, of course. We just share interest in birds. Then there's the \"other half of the couple\" type of friends. Jim is married to Rose, a friend that I've known since college. When Rose married Jim, I realized that I would have to be Jim's friend if I want to continue to be Rose's. Jim and I don't share so many interests, but we do have a friendly relationship. \n Answer: Rose.",
            "output": [
                "Many people are mentioned in this passage. Who is the writer's true friend?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6b97a10b690f45b397c3bd6f0f9fc207",
            "input": "Article: A baby mermaid was just born in Finland; Justin Bibber is getting married; iphone 6 is going to be released this year...We read rumors every day on the Internet. With the help of social media, rumors -- no matter whether they are true or false -- spread like wildfire, and sometimes we can't be sure what to believe. Now, an international group of researchers might be able to make it easier for us. They are working on a lie detector that could separate online truth from lies, Discovery news reported. Named after the Greek goddess Pheme, famed for spreading bad rumors, the system is far from a traditional lie detector, which works by attaching a machine to a potential liar. Instead, Pheme analyzes the rumor directly. When a rumor comes out, on a micro blog, for example, Pheme can trace the source of information to see if it was released by reliable sources like experts or news agencies. If it wasn't, Pheme then examines the history and background of the account to identify whether it was created just to spread rumors -- whether it's what's called an \"Internet bot.\" After finding the source of the rumor, the system can keep a close eye on how other users react to the rumor -- either confirming or denying it -- to help analyze and further determine the reliability of the information. Some people might find the Pheme system unnecessary based on the idea that false rumors never survive for long and people always get to the truth over time. While that's a fair point, there is a certain class of rumors, such as \"a tiger is at large\" or \"an asteroid   is about to hit the Earth\", that can cause panic among people and thus lead to serious consequences. These are cases when we need to be able to check for accuracy quickly. \"Our system aims to help with that, by tracking and verifying information in real time,\" lead researcher Kalina Bontcheva, at the University of Sheffield, UK, told the BBC. According to Bontcheva, Pheme is still under development and won't be ready for another 18 months.[:. . ] Until then, there's an old fashioned technique that you can use to protect yourself from false information -- ask questions, check sources and don't believe any claim until you've seen the evidence for it. \n Answer: An introduction to some types of lie detectors.",
            "output": [
                "What is the article about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-addb2d47705d426fb9cb1d1f252dd4bb",
            "input": "Article: Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen. So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2-year-old daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree. She lives at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C. And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses say she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on. And she's not the only one. In the moments before the quake, an orangutan   let out a loud call and then climbed to the top of her shelter. \"It's very different from their normal call,\" said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper. \"The lemurs (monkey-like animals of Madagascar) will sound an alarm call if they see or hear something highly unusual.\" But you can't see or hear an earthquake 15 minutes before it happens, can you? Maybe you can -- if you're an animal. \"Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing,\" said Brandie Smith. \"That's part of their special abilities. They're more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive.\" Primates weren't the only animals that seemed to sense the quake before it happened. One of the elephants made a warning sound. And a huge lizard   ran quickly for _ . The flamingoes (a kind of bird) gathered before the quake and stayed together until the shaking stopped. So what kind of vibrations were the animals picking up in the moments before the quake? Scientist Susan Hough says earthquakes produce two types of waves -- a weak \"P\" wave and then a much stronger \"S\" wave. The \"P\" stands for \"primary\". And the \"S\" stands for \"secondary\". She said she thinks the \"P\" wave might be what set the animals off. Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake. For example, Smith says the zoo's giant pandas didn't jump up until the shaking actually began. But many of the other animals seemed to know something was coming before it happened. \"I'm not surprised at all,\" Smith said. \n Answer: Because it sensed something unusual would happen.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Mandara act strangely one day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f0ad2f035904b7d8a84d12940672dd6",
            "input": "Article: It was my first day back home since starting college. A lot had changed in the last year. Not with my hometown but with me. I had left as a 17-year-old boy and had now returned as an 18-year-old man. In the city, I was living on my own, had a part-time job and was studying. Even the government recognized I was an adult: I had a driver's license. So here I was, on my summer vacation, walking down the main street with my father, desperate for him to acknowledge how mature I was. When his recognition failed to appear, I took matters into my own hands. \"Dad,\" I said casually, \"I'm thirsty. Let's go for a beer.\" It was the first time I'd ever mentioned beer in front of my father, let alone ask him to drink one with me. He turned to me with a curious expression on his face. \"A beer ? Well I guess you're old enough now. Let's go to Sailors' Bar. It's where my cousin Tom, your uncle, used to drink. You remember him, right?\" I had only some vague  memories of my uncle. He was _ . We didn't talk about him much. \"What ever happened to Uncle Tom, Dad? I haven't seen him in years,\" I said as we continued towards the bar. \"Neither have I, unfortunately. He was a good kid once. But things changed,\" my father said sadly. As a boy, he explained, there had been no better-behaved boy than Tom. But after leaving school, he moved to the city and fell in with bad company. He started going out every night, drinking in nightclubs and playing cards. Soon he lost everything and had to beg his mum to pay his debts. She agreed on the condition he returned home. My dad took a deep breath and continued his tale. \"Things settled down for a while. He married a lovely woman, gave up his bad habits. But it didn't last. He was soon back to his old ways. He couldn't resist. He was at Sailors' Bar almost every night. His poor mother died of grief and shame. His wife followed her soon after. \"What ruined him was alcohol. He told me once, when a man begins drinking, he never knows where it'll end. 'So', Tom warned me, 'beware of your first drink!' \"He went from bad to worse. Last year Tom sent me a letter saying he had been found guilty of stealing, and sent to prison for ten years.\" Dad finished talking just as we reached the front of Sailors' Bar. \"Anyway, here we are. Let's go in,\" he said. But I understood. I put my arm around my father and said, \"I'm not thirsty any more, Dad. Let's go home.\" \n Answer: Because he wanted to show he was an adult.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the young man invite his father to drink a beer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2a1c86c5e5114c318dd83cfd58720216",
            "input": "Article: The earliest historical record of the Diaoyu Islands can date back to China's Ming Dynasty about 650 years ago in a book titled \"Voyage With a Tail Wind,\" published in 1403. The book records the first usage of \"Diaoyu Islet\" and \"Chiwei Islet\". The names refer to the current Diaoyu Islands and Chiwei Islet. Hu Zongxian, the Zhejiang governor of the Ming Dynasty, placed the Diaoyu Islands and surrounding islets within China's maritime defense system. It demonstrates that the islands have been within China's _ defense region since the Ming Dynasty. Japan claimed sovereignty  during the Sino-Japanese War of 1895, seizing the islands by illegal means. The Cairo Declaration issued after World War II stipulated  that all territory taken by Japan illegally, including China's northeast, Taiwan and Penghu islets, must be returned to China. In August 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender under the terms of the Potsdam Declaration. The declaration laid out that Japan must return Taiwan, the Diaoyu Islands and surrounding islets to China. But the islands came under US control after 1945. In 1951, Japan and the US signed an illegal treaty in San Francisco without inviting China. The islands were then \"entrusted\" to Japan according to the treaty. On September 18th, 1951, then Chinese Premier and Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai made a solemn  statement on behalf of the Chinese government that the Treaty of Peace with Japan signed in San Francisco was illegal , and would not be recognized without the participation and signing of the People's Republic of China. In June 1971, Japan and the United States signed an agreement to hand over Okinawa to Japan. The Diaoyu Islands were mapped into the handover area. China's Foreign Ministry announced on December 30th 1971 that such a move was \"totally illegal\" and reiterated  that the Diaoyu Islands and surrounding islets were \"an integral part of the Chinese territory\". \n Answer: The order of time",
            "output": [
                "In what order is the article written ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e7d79b4d87124c5d8785559543b5b7ec",
            "input": "Article: A few years ago, a company called Space Marketing came up with a plan to send a mile-long advertisement into space. To advertising agencies  , it would have been \"a dream come true\". However, advertising standards agencies finally decided not to allow Space Marketing to go ahead with their plans and they were forced to give them up. Space may indeed be the final place for advertisers, because on Earth we are already surrounded by advertising wherever we are and whatever we are doing. Apart from the obvious adverts that we see every day on TV, and in newspapers and magazines, there is a whole ' _ ' of advertising messages for our attention. There are ads that we see on the side of the bus we catch to work, for example. And what about the logos   we see on the clothing of the people we walk past in the streets? Most of the time, we are probably not even aware of   these less obvious advertising methods, but that doesn't mean that they don't work. Take 'product placement', for example. You are in a cinema, watching the latest Hollywood movie. Look carefully at the make of car your favorite actor is driving. And what about his watch? Can you see what brand it is? Chances are, you can, and the company that owns the brand is likely to have paid thousands for it to appear in the film. So, whether Space Marketing finally succeeds in sending ads into space or not is perhaps less important than it might seem. This would not change a thing. Our everyday lives are already strongly influenced by advertising whether we realize it or not. \n Answer: It came to nothing.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the plan of sending an ad into space?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2fc2052240ea4277a0fc08dd1ef7f54a",
            "input": "Article: Just when scientists think they have discovered and recorded every species of insect that crawls on the earth they find something new.Earlier this month, Peter Jager, the head of Frankfurt's Senckenberg Research Institute reported the discovery of a unique eyeless spider! The creature that has a leg span   of six centimeters and a body size of just twelve millimeters was found in a cave inside the tiny nation of Laos, in Southeast Asia. It was identified as a member of the Huntsman spider, a large family that consists of 1100 species.However, the other members of the family all have eyes.The spider is the first one that has no eyes.The scientists believe that the reason for the lack of eyes can be that these spiders spend their entire life inside caves.In the past they have seen other members of the Huntsman spiders living in caves with six or less eyes.They believe that the kind of spider has adapted to the fact that they do not really need the eyes to such an extreme measure that they have  _ them altogether. But they are not the only creature to have done that.Over the years, scientists have discovered completely blind cave fish, and even a freshwater crab, which happens to live in the same cave as this eyeless spider! Surrounded by Burma and China on the northwest, Vietnam on the east, Cambodia on the South and Thailand on the west, the landlocked nation of Laos has been a treasure trove  of an incredible number of new and exotic   species.In the last few years researchers have discovered the Saola -- never-before seen antelope-like creature, a small deer species called muntjacs, a tiny striped rabbit and a rock rat that was thought to have been extinct 11 million years ago.In addition to that it is also home to over one hundred species of large mammals ranging from tigers to macaques and over 165 species of amphibians and reptiles like the terrible King cobra and the noisy Tokay gecko, a permanent resident  inside most Laos households. \n Answer: About 1100 such spiders were discovered.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about the newly discovered species of spider?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-abab7b1bdc1a48ddad3a122a26141d78",
            "input": "Article: There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for \"protection\". If the money was not paid immediately, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Getting \"protection money\" is not a modern means. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters. Then Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a group of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to those who were willing to pay the high price he demanded.  In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money with this method. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero .When he died at eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had his picture painted, which was in memory of \"this bravest man\". \n Answer: They saved those people's businesses from destruction.",
            "output": [
                "What protection did Chicago gangsters give to those who paid them?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2d28f5057ee4f6190208c9478698bed",
            "input": "Article: Ever since he got into the Hong Kong film industry in 1994 with He's a Woman, She's a Man, Hong Kong director, Peter Chan has been one of the industry's most powerful voices. Later in 1996, another milestone Comrades: Almost a Love Story came into being. Chan's latest film, American Dreams in China is a carefully-calculated film with an eye toward opening the mainland cinema market. American Dreams in China is a film purely for Chinese audiences, but how it plays there remains to be seen. It sends the right messages, but whether that's enough to make it a hit is everyone's guess. Mainland audiences aren't quite that easy to \"speak\" to. The film began during the period of economic reforms in China in the 1980s. The bookish farm boy Cheng Dongqing (Huang Xiaoming), the ambitious and confident boy Meng Xiaojun (Deng Chao) and the poetic Wang Yang(Tong Dawei), were three friends at university in Beijing and preparing for American visa interviews. Wang was the first to be _ the visa but he gave it up for his western girlfriend, and Cheng was repeatedly denied. Only Meng actually got a study visa. As he was leaving, he told his friends that he wouldn't come back. Several years later, Cheng and Wang built a successful school, New Dream, from the ashes of Cheng's misfortune(his girlfriend got a visa too, and Cheng lost his university teaching job) and Wang's ability to connect with students often through Hollywood movies. In America, Meng suffered a lot. Disappointed, he went home and joined his friends at New Dream. Later, the three friends' relationship became worsened, but finally was improved under the weight of their common goals. \n Answer: He's a Woman, She's a Man",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following films made Peter Chan a most influential director in Hong Kong?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-518118e1fbe94ac788ba1be07e1933d4",
            "input": "Article: Half of the world's population is affected by Asian monsoons , but monsoons are difficult to predict. American researchers have put together a 700-year record of the rainy seasons, which is expected to provide guidance for experts making weather predictions. Every year, damp air masses,known as monsoon,produce large amounts of rainfall in India, East Asia, Northern Australia and East Africa. All this wet air is pulled in by a high pressure area over the Indian Ocean and a low pressure area to the south. According to Edward Cook , a weather expert at Columbia University in New York., the complex nature of the climate systems across Asia makes monsoons hard to predict. In addition, climate records for the area are too recent and not detailed enough to be of much use. Therefore, he and a team of researchers spent more than fifteen years traveling across Asia, looking for trees old enough to provide long-term records. They measured the rings, or circles, inside thousands of ancient trees in more than 300 places. Rainfall has a direct link to the growth and width of rings on some kinds of trees. The researchers developed a document they are calling a Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas. It shows the effect of monsoons over seven centuries, beginning in the 1300s. Professor Cook says the tree-ring records show periods of wet and dry weather. \"If the monsoon basically fails or is a very weak one, the trees affected by monsoons at that location might put on a very narrow ring. But if the monsoon is very strong, the trees affected by that monsoon might put on a wide ring for that year. So, the wide and narrow ring widths of the chronology that we developed in Asia provide us with a measure of monsoon variability.\" With all this information, researchers say they can begin to improve computer climate models for predicting the behavior of monsoons. \"There has been widespread famine and starvation and human dying in the past in large droughts. And on the other hand, if the monsoon is particularly heavy, it can cause extensive flooding.\" said Eugene Wahl, a scientist with America's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. \"So, to get a sense of what the regional moisture patterns have been, dryness and wetness over such a long period of time in great detail, I would call it a kind of victory for climate science.\" \n Answer: A breakthrough in monsoon prediction.",
            "output": [
                "What's the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c0e1d0edea8f457a863d20203d8eb1aa",
            "input": "Article: Lichens   are difficult to see. They don't move. They often mix into the living place. You might not even recognize one if you are looking right at it. Lichens live on rocks, branches, houses, and even metal street signs. You can find these colorful organisms   almost everywhere -- from deserts to rainforests, and from Antarctica to Africa. They've traveled in outer space, and some scientists think there might even be lichens on Mars. What you probably don't realize is that a lichen is more than a single thing. It includes two different types of living organisms: a fungus   and an alga  . Neither of these organisms is a plant, so the lichen isn't a plant either. Through photosynthesis  , the alga gets the sun's energy to make food for the fungus, which is the place for the alga to live in. However, the alga cannot leave the fungus. Around the world, scientists have found tens of thousands of types of lichens. Many may not even have been discovered yet. As scientists continue to find new kinds of lichens, they are also working to understand how they are connected to one another. By putting together a lichen family tree, they hope to understand why so many different types of lichens have grown in so many places around the world. Many researchers are trying to understand basic facts about the organisms and their connections. Researchers are also using lichens to examine the health of the environment. \n Answer: They are too small to be easily seen by people.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about lichens according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-33c5e2dbdc034255bea1fb6df58556db",
            "input": "Article: Can you imagine that several hundred years ago, tomatoes were seen as _ food in Europe? What made Europeans believe this was John Gerard's publication of Herbal in 1597. Gerard wrote: \"The leaves and stalks of the tomato plant are toxic.\" Undoubtedly, Gerard's opinion was based on a misunderstanding of tomatoes. But his opinion was widely spread in Britain and North America for over two hundred years. In the late 1700s, a lot of Europeans held more fears for tomatoes. A nick name for the fruit was \"poison apple\" because it was believed that aristocrats  got sick and died after eating them. But the actual reason was the pewter plates they used. Since tomatoes are high in acidity, when placed on the plates, the lead  in the plates would dissolve . This caused many deaths. Unluckily, no one knew this at that time. So the innocent tomatoes were picked as the killer. Today, more than one and a half billion tons of tomatoes are produced every year around the world. Tomatoes are cooked in various ways. This healthy and tasty food finally wins its innocence  back. \n Answer: Europeans' fears for tomatoes",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-459994d1126a4f098515d0d7e02e54fb",
            "input": "Article: Werewolves   aren't the only creatures affected by the moon's cycles . A full moon also affects people's sleep more or less, reports a Swiss team of scientists. Even people who sleep in a lab without windows could reduce their sleeping time a little once a month. To test the moon's influence, 33 adults of both sexes and ages of many kinds spent several nights in a sleep lab. As they slept, researchers recorded their brain activity, eye movements and hormone levels  . On nights closer to a full moon, the sleepers took an average of five minutes longer to fall asleep, and slept for 20 minutes less. In addition, brain activity fell by 30 percent during the sleep. And hormone levels that help control sleep cycles went down. On these nights, the sleepers complained they couldn't sleep well even though they didn't know the moon's cycle. On the bright side, no sleeper turned into a werewolf. The Swiss team doesn't know how the moon affects sleep. The gravity   of the moon causes ocean tides to rise and fall. But that force is too weak to affect sleep, Gajochen says. He believed some body's biological clock may be affected by the moon cycles. There may be another reason, says David Dinges. This sleep researcher at the University Of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia says that the body clock is very sensitive to light at night. Those sleepers could have been affected by having too much moonlight before arriving at the lab. \n Answer: They complained they were too tired to sleep.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the sleepers during the experiment on a full moon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c1cf4b18b2964404910324fdea79dc7e",
            "input": "Article: The modern Olympic Games happened in the year 1896. The Games are held every four years. There are two main sets of Games. The Winter Olympics are held two years before the Summer Games. Many countries want to host the Olympic Games for it's a great honor to be chosen. The Olympic Games are organized and controlled by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). It sets the general program, chooses the city where the games are to be held, and determines the standards of what is an amateur athlete. Besides, each participating country has a National Olympic Committee that is responsible for arranging the participation of the nation's athletes in the games. \n Answer: in 2022",
            "output": [
                "If the next Summer Games will be held in 2024, when will the Winter Games be held?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d7c0219368894541a3294ee93f8a75bc",
            "input": "Article: People usually have to cany passports to travel from one country to another. But should animals? Groups around the word  are working to create parks that cross country borders. They hope that the parks will help die environment and bring peace and cooperation to neighboring countries. \"People draw lines on a map and call them countries,\" said Steve Thompson of the National Parks Conservation Association. \"But animals don' t understand  international  borders. \" When animals  are kept in  small  areas,they can spread diseases  more easily. They can also hurt the environment by eating too   many plants and other animals. Allowing animals to cross borders would help improve these conditions,experts say. But that's just one reason why people to create international parks. People have named the parks \"peace parks\"  because these people believe the parks can help countries learn to work together. The parks create a link between communities and a common desire to learn more about one another. According to Steve Thompson, the parks can \"help nations resolve international conflict or even war. \" Today there are dozens of peace parks on five continents, The parks play an important role in southern Africa. The Kgalagadi Trausfrontier Park is in the Kalahari Desert in South Africa and Botswana. The countries work together to manage the land and the animals that live there. Other countries ,such as Zimbabwe and Lesotho, are also forming parks. The parks will let animals wander over larger parts of southern Africa, much as they did centuries ago, and it really helps expand elephant and lion populations, which are now damaged by, confinement  in smaller parks. The parks can also help countries attracting tourists and creating jobs. But many issues still remain, such as illegal killing of animals, pollution, and population pressure on the land. \n Answer: Across country borders.",
            "output": [
                "Where are the peace parks built?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a6a852288e1d4befb849c68bfa5ad64a",
            "input": "Article: When Cathleen Gardiner's twins were born 17 years ago, doctors told her that they were a pair in a million. One had Down syndrome , while the other did not. Here, Cathleen tells their touching story. Since Sean was born 17 years ago, I have always thought that he is just as wonderful as his brother and sister. Though he had a disability , we have never viewed him as a burden. He has always been a blessing. The doctors explained that though they were twins, they came from two different eggs. Lisa could walk at 11 months old, while Sean didn't take his first steps till he was three. By two, Lisa was talking a lot, but Sean wasn't able to speak until he was nearly four. For the first five years of his life, Sean needed a great deal of care. Looking after him was my full-time job, though I also worked as a technical adviser in a computing company. We never treated them differently. We gave them the same toys and spoke to them in the same way. We encouraged Sean to keep up with Lisa, even though he never could, and we would help him develop his abilities. We sent them to the same primary school even after doctors advised us that Sean should go to a school for the disabled. We had to explain to Lisa that he wouldn't learn as quickly as she would. She told us that she'd help him with his school work. Having a non-disabled twin has really helped Sean develop. The love they share has given him a great deal of support. Now Sean and Lisa are both about to finish high school. I don't think he would have done nearly as well today without Lisa's help. \n Answer: Three.",
            "output": [
                "At least how many children does Mrs. Gardiner have?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-294a662fa64d4ada8d90ed960b87af57",
            "input": "Article: When policy experts debate climate change solutions, they often talk about \"a price on carbon.\" They are arguing about whether companies should pay when they put carbon pollution in the air. Proponents say that it's simple economics -- if it's free to pollute, you'll get a lot of pollution. Opponents claim it will raise the cost of energy that's produced from high carbon sources, like coal. But here's the secret that most people seem to be missing: There already is a price on carbon, and it's paid by the taxpayers. Carbon pollution, like every other form of pollution, has an impact on the environment. Throwing waste into a river will cause the fish to die and the people who drink the water to get sick.  And when you produce carbon pollution, you get climate change -- sea level rise, stronger storms, severe droughts, damage to agriculture, and more. All of those impacts cost money. Insurance rates go up when storms get more destructive. Taxes increase when cities have to rebuild bridges and roads. Military budgets go up when droughts and population changes cause conflicts. Not to mention impacts on agriculture and health care costs. In other words, the price on carbon is what we all pay when there is no market force to limit the pollution that causes climate change. So the debate is really about who will pay that price -- the companies who are making a profit from the fossil fuels, or the taxpayers who pick up the cost now? Right now, we have private profit and public cost. It's just like if we allowed every business to throw its garbage in the street because it's too expensive to have it moved away properly. Does it add a little bit to your dinner check to require that restaurants dispose of their trash properly? Sure. But it would be more expensive for you if the city had to clean the streets of their garbage every day. So just like we put a \"price on garbage\" we need a \"price on carbon pollution.\" Now, a \"price on carbon pollution\" can mean a lot of things. You could tax companies based on the amount of carbon pollution they produce, and return the money to taxpayers. You could put a limit on how much they can produce, thereby requiring them to invest in ways to conduct business in a less polluting way. \n Answer: Whether the companies should pay for it.",
            "output": [
                "What do the policy experts argue about carbon pollution?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7375127cafd344bf80e59fa3628ce2c7",
            "input": "Article: When the US started the war in Iraq a year ago, Spain was a firm supporter. But on April 18, the Spanish government started to remove its troops, becoming the first country in the US-led coalition   to bring its soldiers home. The person behind this surprise move is the new Spanish prime minister, Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero. A few months ago, he was hardly known outside his small hometown in northern Spain. Even a week before last month's general election, Zapatero was still considered an outsider for the top job. But just three days before the vote, a series of bomb attacks on three train stations in Madrid killed 191 people and injured some 1,900. It was Spain's worst ever terrorist attack and it changed everything -- even making Zapatero prime minister. From the beginning, the 43-year-old former lawyer, knew the weaknesses of Prime Minister Jose Maria Aznar and his hand-picked successor, Mariano Rajoy. About 90 per cent of the Spanish people were against the war in Iraq and were unhappy that Aznar had taken them into it. So Zapatero promised: \"If this party wins the election and the UN still can't take charge in Iraq, the new government will pull its 1,400 troops out of Iraq.\" Despite focusing on this and other Aznar mistakes, Zapatero's chances of victory were still thin until the Madrid bombings. At first, the government blamed ETA, a separatist terror group from the Basque region of northern Spain. But later evidence suggested the attack was carried out by al-Qaida members angry at Spain's presence in Iraq. The people were upset, and they showed this by voting for Zapatero. Many accused the government of covering up information about the bombings and only blaming ETA so it wouldn't lose to an anti-war vote. In a move that was as shocking to the world as his election victory, Zapatero chose to carry out his promise the day after he took office. And its effect could be long-lasting. As the situation in Iraq worsens, several countries are considering their positions. The US is worried that other coalition members might follow Spain's lead and also bring their soldiers home. \n Answer: They attempted to get rid of all ETA members.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the Spanish government try to hide the truth from the public at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d31834dde76a4c5085ce25f83f0e5121",
            "input": "Article: (NEW YORK) A French tourist highly praised for rescuing a two-year-old girl in Manhattan said he didn't think twice before diving into the freezing East River. Tuesday'sDaily Newssaid 29-year-old Julien Duret from France was the man who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Saturday. He lifted the little girl out of the water after she fell off the bank at the South Street Seaport museum. He handed the girl to her father, David Anderson, who had dived in after him. \"I didn't think at all,\" Duret told theDaily News. \"It happened very fast. I reacted very fast.\" Duret, an engineer on vacation, was walking with his girlfriend along the pier  when he saw something falling into the water. He thought it was a doll, but realized it was a child when he approached the river. Immediately, he took off his coat and jumped into the water. When he reached the girl, she appeared lifeless, he said. Fortunately, when she was out of the water, she opened her eyes. Anderson said his daughter slipped off the bank when he was adjusting his camera. An ambulance came later for her, said Duret, who was handed dry clothes from onlookers. Duret caught a taxi with his girlfriend shortly after. The rescue happened on the day before he left for France. Duret said he didn't realize his story of heroism had greatly moved New York until he was leaving the city the next morning. \"I don't really think I'm a hero,\" said Duret. \"Anyone would do the same thing.\" \n Answer: To spend his holiday.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Duret in New York?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-65a6e914c5e64bc89eaecab5d094f31f",
            "input": "Article: The Toyota Prius hybrids adapted by Google's engineers have covered 300,000 miles on the roads of California without a human at the wheel, but with only one accident by a human-controlled car.It's clear that driverless cars are much safer than human-controlled ones.40,000 people are killed every year in road accidents in the US, many of which are caused by human error.Besides, driverless vehicles could make better use of the road and reduce the size of car parks, too. With technology, a machine can perform a complex task without human involvement This means our thought about what machines can and cannot do needs updating urgently. However, ignore the beautiful words and think about what Google has done.This isn't just about care.Economists are increasingly puzzled by the fact that the rate of job-creation is much lower than expected and the length of time for which people are unemployed has rocketed to 40 weeks twice as long as that during any previous postwar recovery.Economic theory says that when companies begin to grow or become profitable again, they buy equipment and hire workers.But that isn't happening.Companies are still buying equipment, but they're not employing workers. So where did the jobs go? Andrew McAfee explains his view in his new book Race Against the Machine.\" Advances in self-driving car by Google represent the next wave of job-eliminating technology.Many skills (such as driving) may eventually become worthless, at least in the job market.\" And as for those thinking that driverless cars might appeal to most motorists, there is the uncomfortable fact that the car has peaked.We are driving less year on year.Traffic jams reduce the romance from driving.And young people no longer have the desire to own cars like they used to. \n Answer: Traditional skills will be improved.",
            "output": [
                "What will be the influence of driverless cars according to Andrew McAfee?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-90d5a32960e54ca4aba123b151ebd4ec",
            "input": "Article: A taxi driver taught me a million dollar lesson in customer satisfaction and expectation. Motivational speakers charge thousands of dollars to give training to company executives and staff. It cost me a $12 taxi ride. I had flown into Dallas for the purpose of calling on a customer. Time was limited and my plan included a quick turn-around trip from and back to the airport. A spotless taxi pulled up. The driver rushed to open the passenger door for me and made sure I was comfortably seated before he closed the door. As he got in the driver's seat, he mentioned that the neatly-folded Wall Street Journal next to me was for my use. He then showed me several tapes and asked me what type of music I would enjoy. I could not believe the service I was receiving! I took the opportunity to say, \"Obviously you take great pride in your work. You must have a story to tell.\" \"You bet,\" he replied, \"I used to be in Microsoft. But I got tired of it, thinking my best would never be good enough. I decided to find my position in life where I could feel proud of being the best I could be. I knew I would never be a rocket scientist, but I love driving cars, helping people and feeling like I have done a full day's work and done it well. I thought about my personal strengths and ... wham! I became a taxi driver. One thing I know for sure, to be good in my business I could simply meet the expectations of my passengers. But, to be GREAT in my business, I have to go above the customer's expectations! I like both the sound and the return of being 'great' better than just getting by being 'average'.\" \n Answer: Every one of us has strengths.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following isthe taxi driver likely to agree?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-adb9b793d42a42b087197f8ba40d675c",
            "input": "Article: Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. It is also the most neglect  . Common reasons for not eating breakfast include having no time, not feeling hungry, traditional dislike and dieting. Breakfast simply means \"break the fast''. Your body spends at least 6 to 12 hours each night in a fasting state. In the morning your body needs energy for the day's work ahead. A good breakfast should provide 1/3 of your total calorie needs for the day. On average, we eat 400 less calories for breakfast than for dinner. If breakfast doesn't appeal   to you in the morning, try eating a lighter dinner earlier in the evening or save half of your dinner for breakfast in the morning. If you still aren't hungry in the morning, start with something small like juice or toast or have a nutritious   mid-morning snack   later when you are hungry. So, you say you are on a diet. Some people fear that eating breakfast will make them hungrier during the day and they will eat more. It is true that eating breakfast is likely to make you feel hungry throughout the day. That is because your body is working correctly. Although you may feel as if you are eating more all day long, in reality you are probably not. Not eating breakfast can also cause you overeat, since a fall in blood sugar often makes you feel very hungry later. To make matters worse, since your body is in a slow state, it will not be able to burn those extra calories very efficiently  . If you feed your body healthy snacks and meals throughout the day, you are less likely to become hungry and stuff   yourself as soon as you begin to eat. Since breakfast is the first and most important meal of the day, choosing the right food is important. The best breakfast foods are fruits, juice, lean meat and grain products such as bread, rice, noodles and cereals. \n Answer: going without food",
            "output": [
                "What is the meaning of the word \"fast\" in the phrase \"break the fast\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8ddf755510314b6eb9d7ad519aef6cee",
            "input": "Article: Topic: \"Enjoy Worldwide privileges with BOC cards\" 5% cash rebate  from UnionPay credit card issued by Bank of China Time: April 1, 2014 to February 28, 2015 Customer: Personal credit cards with card number starting with \"62\" and with the UnionPay logo on the card Details: Payments with business cards, corporate cards or transactions through third-party platform (PAYPAL, Alipay and the internet banking payment and Kuai payment supported by Alipay) are not eligible for the promotion. The promotion is applicable to online shopping payments to appointed business partners only, and all the transactions need to be completed via UnionPay online. Amazon (U.S.) personal credit cards with card number starting with \"62\" and with the UnionPay logo on the card are eligible for the promotion. As the promotion has no pre-defined upper limit on the number of transactions, all transactions meeting the criteria above will enjoy the cash rebate. The value of eligible transactions will be the settlement amount in RMB according to the UnionPay system. All single transactions of RMB 500 or more with payment made by UnionPay credit card issued by Bank of China (card number starting with '62') via UnionPay online platform will enjoy a 5% cash rebate, capped at RMB 100 per card per month. Cardholders will receive the cash rebate within 90 calendar days after every promotion period. If the cardholder has any questions on the amount of rebate, please contact Bank of China Credit Card Customer Care Hotline(4006695566)within 30 calendar days since receiving the rebate; if no question is raised within 30 calendar days, the bank with deem the client agreeable to the amount of rebate. The date of cash rebate arriving in client's account could be later than the date described above due to force majeure that is not unforeseeable. Only transactions made with specified credit cards to appointed business partners will be eligible for the cash rebate promotion; in case of refund, no cash rebate will be made. At the same time, Bank of China reserve the right to recall any unqualified cash rebate already made. Cardholders will need to ensure no late payment, card freeze or other abnormal occasions during the promotion period, otherwise the cardholder will not be eligible for the promotion. Income tax associated with the cash rebate will be taken care of by the cardholder. Cardholders hold the responsibility to declare the income and settle the tax payment. \n Answer: About 125 RMB",
            "output": [
                "How much rebate can I get from a 500 dollars payment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-222f8080db3046bf87bb913114030c23",
            "input": "Article: The International Olympic Committee named a short list of five cities as possible hosts for the 2012 Olympics. The five--London, Madrid, Moscow, New York and Paris--became official candidates, beginning a 14-month race that ended with the selection of a winning bid by the IOC's assembly in Singapore in July 2005. Havana, Leipzig, Rio de Janeiro and prefix = st1 /Istanbulwere the victims in 2004, as the field was cut down from nine applicants. Geography would appear to favor a European city after the 2008 Summer Games in Asia--Beijing and the 2010 Winter Games in North America--Vancouver. IOC president Jacques Rogge said the list could be further cut in the next month if any of the bidding cities fall short of IOC expectations. \"What we have done today is retain five cities which we believe will deliver, but we will have to check if they do deliver,\" said Rogge. \"I do not like the word 'rejection' and this in no way reflects that we do not trust these countries. \" The nine original competitors launched their bids in January, 2004 with the emphasis on agreement and easily accessible venues . Favorites Paris and London promoted the attractions of their landmarks, Madrid promised an environmentally friendly Games while New Yorkcalled itself the \"world city\". Paris bid organizers said they would stage beach volleyball at the foot of the EiffelTowerand host many of the events at two clusters on the edge of the French capital. \"Our experience with previous bids has taught us a great deal about the needs and aspirations of the IOC,\" Parisbid chief Philippe Baudillon said. \"We firmly believe thatPariswill meet those needs.\" London organizers countered  it by promising to hold the beach volleyball competition in Horse Guards Parade. Seventeen sports, including athletics and swimming, would be staged at a new venue in the city's deprived East End. \"I am very pleased that Londonhas been named a candidate city for the 2012 Olympic Games. But I am not surprised we have cleared this most important hurdle,\" British Prime Minister Tony Blair said in a statement. \n Answer: European cities turn out to be more suitable to host the 2012 Games.",
            "output": [
                "Why is the 2012 Olympics likely to be held in a European city?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-146891b31acf49a3b232cb80d4083af7",
            "input": "Article: 8-year-old Mario spent one day selling lemonade in New Jersey. But he didn't do it for spending money. \"The people in the hospital need more medicine,\" Mario said. Mario's lemonade stand raised money after a group called Alex's Lemonade Stand, which is an organization that raises money for research on cancers that affect kids.Their research might one day lead to a cure.The organization is named for Alexandra Scott, a girl who died of cancer eight years ago when she was eight years old.Alex' s Lemonade Stand actually began four years earlier before she died.That's when she announced that she wanted to sell lemonade to raise money for a cancer cure for all kids. This year, thousands of kids across the country are selling lemonade to raise money for Alex's foundation.In Maryland, a group of kids at the Children's Guild held a fund - raiser for Alex in April. And in Florida, Harrison began raise money for Alex's Lemonade Stand last year, when he was seven.This year, he raised more than $ 500 dollars.Harrison hoped it could help kids by scientists finding a cure.He also dreamed of finding a cure himself.\"When I grow up, I'm going to invent these little 'nano-bots' that can swallow cancer.They can fight cancer for you with their little mini - lasers and stuff,\" Harrison said. \"To see how that one simple idea grew into this national foundation, all of these supporters coming out in Alex's memory , it' s really special for me.It' s against my expectation,\"said Liz Scott, Alex' s mother. What made Mario's lemonade stand even more special and amazing than most is that he, too, has cancer--six brain tumors.But Mario is not giving up.And he is determined to help other kids like him--in memory of Alex.\" He lost a lot of friends who were in the hospital,\"said Mario's mom, Anna.\"And he wants to be sure that he doesn't lose anymore.\" \n Answer: To collect some of his spending money.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Mario start to run his lemonade stand?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-646a896daee84f05a464a4f8d2beb9b2",
            "input": "Article: The hottest show this summer---\"the Voice\" just finished on Sunday at the Shanghai Stadium. But the show that had a good start didn't end to everyone's satisfaction. The two and a half hour show dragged on for more than four hours because of the huge amount of advertising, which the audience and residents living nearby could hardly bear. This summer, something hotter than the weather came to Shanghai. That is the Voice of China. The show soon became a cash cow for the organizer as the advertisement prices reached 1.16 million yuan for 15 seconds. And the show has earned more than 100 million yuan up to now in ad income only, But the organizers' bliss was audiences' melancholy. In the final live show on Sunday, about 14 rounds of advertisements were aired, each of which came at a crucial result-announcing moment. Frequently interrupted by advertisements, some live audience members complained that the show wasn't worth its ticket prices of 180 to 1680 yuan. The planned two and a half hour show went two hours overtime because of the advertising. This annoyed audience members, and touched the nerves of residents living near the site. Someone called the police, and the show is now facing punishment for going over-time and disturbing residents late at night. \n Answer: Because it was full of so many advisements that audience can't tolerate it.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't \"the Voice\" make audience satisfied?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9c5fdb04bc494ee59ef4378302f170bc",
            "input": "Article: If you want to make friends and form strong, lasting friendships, consider these suggestions. To make friends, you first need to put yourself out there somehow. Friends seldom come knocking on your door while you sit at home watching TV. Join a club with people who have common interests. You don't necessarily have to have a lot of common interests with people in order to make friends with them. In fact, some of the most rewarding friendships are between two people who don't have much in common at all, but if you have something in common with people, it can make it a lot easier to start a conversation and plan activities together. Use the web and get out! Websites like Meetup.com are aiming to bring people together with common interest. You can join any group or just start your own. If you don't know of a specific topic, try searching for just a location. It's a great way to meet new local people!  Join a sports team. A common misconception about this is that you have to be really good at playing a particular sport in order to make friends with others on the team, but not all teams are so competitive. As long as you enjoy the sport and support your teammates, joining a local team with a laid-back attitude could be a great way to make new friends.  Volunteer. Volunteering is a great way for people of all ages to meet others. By working together you build bonds with people, and you might meet others who have a passion for doing things the way you do. To make friends, besides spending more time around people, you also need to talk to people. \n Answer: Those who want to make money.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the passage written mainly for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2fd8156d64614e2e971df3b4ca6f42eb",
            "input": "Article: Our most commonly held code for success is broken. Conventional wisdom holds that if we work hard we will be more successful, and if we are more successful, then we'll be happy. If we can just find that great job, win that next promotion, lose those five pounds, happiness will follow. But recent discoveries in the field of positive psychology have shown that this code is actually backward: Happiness fuels success, not the other way around. When we are positive, our brains become more engaged, creative, motivated, energetic, and productive at work. This discovery has been repeatedly borne out by rigid research in psychology and neuroscience , management studies, and the bottom lines of organizations around the globe. In The Happiness Advantage, Shawn Achor, who spent over a decade living, researching, and lecturing at Harvard University, draws on his own research--including one of the largest studies of happiness and potential at Harvard and others at companies like UBS to fix this broken code. Using stories and case studies from his work with CEOs of Fortune 500 in 42 countries, Achor explains how we can reprogram our brains to become more positive in order to gain a competitive ability at work. Based on seven practical, actionable principles that have been tried and tested everywhere from classrooms to boardrooms, stretching from Argentina to Zimbabwe, he shows us how we can _ the Happiness Advantage to improve our performance and maximize our potential. A must-read for everyone trying to stand out in a world of increasing workloads and stress, The Happiness Advantage isn't only about how to become happier at work. It's about how to acquire the benefits of a happier and more positive mode of thinking to achieve the extraordinary in our work and in our lives. \n Answer: Hard word-success-happiness.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the traditional code for success?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2e2b18e34a444f5c93295bff419543e9",
            "input": "Article: The pilot knew that there was nothing he could do to keep the plane long in the air. So he rushed back to where his passengers sat and explained the dangerous situation. In the end he said, \"I'm a married man with two small children. I'm sorry to tell you that there are only three parachutes  in the plane.\" And with that he took up one and jumped out.          One of the passengers reacted quickly. \"I'm a great statesman !\" he said. \"I've a very bright brain and the world can't do without me!\" And with that he jumped out too.          The other two passengers, an old man and a young soldier, were quiet for a moment. \"Son,\" the man said, \"I'm old and have lived a full life. I'm ready to meet my God.\"           \"You'll have to give up that,\" the young man said, smiling. \"The world's smartest man just jumped out with my backpack.\" \n Answer: Clever but unlucky.",
            "output": [
                "What can we say about the statesman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8f24c225779414aaeb2f6025e388c5e",
            "input": "Article: BBC Sports program Sunday. We are currently planning our Volunteer Program, which will ensure volunteers are trained and ready to go for 2012.Up to 70,000 volunteers will be needed to help put on the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Our program will aim to encourage a wide range of people to join in. We will provide the training to make sure our volunteers' skills are of the highest standard. London 2012 is an opportunity to inspire everyone to develop their interests and volunteer--in sport and also more widely within their community. Applications will open in the late 2011.We'll recruit  volunteers from across the UK--from a range of communities and backgrounds. Our recruitment process will be open and fair. Our goal is to select applicants who meet our standards and who will bring passion, enthusiasm and energy to the Games. Previous volunteering experience is not necessary. We'll give each successful applicant a specific role, allowing them to contribute meaningfully to the Games. There will be two kinds of Games volunteer--specialist and generalist. Specialist volunteers will have specific existing skills or qualifications that are needed for them to complete the role, for example, sport or medical training. Generalist volunteers will not need any special skills or qualifications and will receive full training. They might be given roles in areas such as event services, uniform distribution   and village operations. All volunteers will be expected to attend training events that will give them the knowledge they need to carry out their role. There are lots of charities and sporting organizations that are looking for volunteers to help them. While you are waiting for applications for the London 2012 volunteer program to open in the late 2011, why not consider getting involved locally? You can find opportunities to volunteer in a range of activities in your local area by following the links on the right hand side of this page or make local enquiries about the needs in your community. \n Answer: On a webpage.",
            "output": [
                "Where will you probably find this article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f4e2690beb549088cfea01d3349cc92",
            "input": "Article: How to Tell If Someone Is Happy or Sad on the Phone Scientists have come up with some researches on what makes different types of people\"tick\". The scientists at the University of Cambridge have developed new mobile phone technology called Emotion Sense that can tell if a caller is happy, angry or sad. Scientists hope to fit the speech recognition system to standard mobile phones and use it to determine emotions--it will also use a GPS tracking system to log where the call is made.  _  The results from the pilot scheme make interesting scientific reading. Among the key revelations (=facts) are that callers feel happier at home and sadder at work. To break it down, scientifically, it shows 45 percent of all emotions produced at home are \"happy\"and 54 percent of emotions at work are \"sad\". Meanwhile, people show more \"intense\"(=nervous) emotions in the evening than they do in the morning. Of course, this could just be because most people feel too tired in the morning to get overly \"intense\". Eating breakfast and getting to work on time is usually enough of an achievement. Anyway, the Emotion Sense technology has been developed by psychologists  and computer scientists who say it uses speech recognition software and phone sensors  attached to standard smart phones to judge how callers' emotions are changed by everyday factors. The sensors analyze voice samples and these are then divided into five categories: happiness, sadness, fearfulness, anger or neutral---boredom or passivity  would fit into this last category. \n Answer: Five",
            "output": [
                "How many emotions can the sensors tell?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-939a5e1e34b54654957bec9f0a4998a1",
            "input": "Article: Wesla Whitfield, a famous jazz singer, has a unique style and life story, so I decided to see one of her performances and interview her for my column. I went to a nightclub in New York and watched the stage lights go up. After the band played an introduction, Wesla Whitfield wheeled herself onstage in a wheelchair. As she sang, Whitfield's voice was so powerful and soulful that everyone in the room forgot the wheelchair was even there.  At 57, Whitfield is small and pretty, witty and humble, persistent and philosophical. Raised in California, Whitfield began performing in public at age 18, when she took a job as a singing waitress at a pizza parlour  . After studying classical music in college, she moved to San Francisco and went on to sing with the San Francisco Opera Chorus.  Walking home from rehearsal at age 29, she was caught in the midst of a random shooting that left her paralyzed from the waist down. I asked how she dealt with the realization that she'd never walk again, and she confessed that initially she didn't want to face it. After a year of depression she tried to kill herself. She was then admitted to a hospital for treatment, where she was able to recover. Whitfield said she came to understand that the only thing she had lost in this misfortunate event was the ability to walk. She still possessed her most valuable asset--her mind. Pointing to her head, she said, \"Everything important is in here. The only real disability in life is losing your mind.\" When I asked if she was angry about what she had lost, she admitted to being frustrated occasionally, \"especially when everybody's dancing, because I love to dance. But when that happens I just remove myself so I can focus instead on what I can do.\" \n Answer: It made her sad and depressed at first.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true about Wesla Whitfield's physical disability?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-802cfe2772194d81acec7c1f00f1fba6",
            "input": "Article: We have dreams almost every night. Do you ever notice the colors of your dreams? Do you dream in black and white or do you dream in yellow, red and green? New research suggests that the type of television you watched as a child has a great effect on the color of your dreams. While almost all people under 25 dream in color, thousands of people over 55, all of whom were brought up with black and white TV sets, often dream in monochrome .  \"It suggests there could be a critical period in our childhood when watching films has a big impact on the way dreams are formed\", said Eva Murzyn, a psychology student at Dundee University in Britain who carried out the study. Research from 1915 through the 1950s suggested that the vast majority of dreams are in black and white. But the tide  turned in the sixties, and later results suggested that up to 83 percent of dreams contain some color. Since this period also marked the transition  between black-and-white film and TV and Technicolor ,an obvious explanation was that the media had been painting people's dreams. However, there weren't any firm conclusions. But now Miss Murzyn believes she has proven the link. She made a survey of more than 60 people, half of whom were over 55 and half of whom were under 25. She asked the volunteers to answer a questionnaire on the color of their dreams and their childhood exposure to film and TV. She then analyzed her own data. Only 4.4 percent of the under-25s' dreams were black and white. The over-55s who had had access to color TV and film during their childhood also reported a very low proportion of just 7.3 percent. But the over-55s who only had access to black-and -white media reported dreaming in black and white about a quarter of the time. Even though they would have spent only a few hours a day watching TV or films, their attention and emotion would have been heightened during this time, leaving a deeper imprint on their mind, Miss Murzyn told the New Scientist. \"The crucial time is between three and ten when we all begin to have the ability to dream\", she said. \n Answer: The relationship between dream color and types of television and films people watch.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fc8300350ac74a10ba52a5c23c7ae8cc",
            "input": "Article: FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) about visiting Hong Kong: Q: When is the best time to visit Hong Kong?   A: Hong Kong is an all-year round destination. It enjoys a mild climate from the middle of September to the end of February, while the weather from May to mid-September can be hot. About 80% of Hong Kong's rainfall occurs between May and September, with August usually the wettest month.    Q: Do I need a visa to visit Hong Kong?   A: Visitors from most countries can enter Hong Kong without a visa for periods of seven days to 180 days, depending on nationality. You may check with the Hong Kong Immigration Department for details of visa requirements.   Q: How is the local public transport? A: Hong Kong has an excellent public transport system, with most transportation air-conditioned. Depending on where you are going, you have a choice of MTR, trains, buses, trams, ferries and taxies. The clean and efficient means of transport cover all areas of Hong Kong, and have signs in English and Chinese. Q: Is Hong Kong safe for visitors? A: Yes. Hong Kong is one of the safest cities in the world even at night, when people may walk alone with confidence. To ensure your stay is a pleasant one always take care of your belongings. Q: Is English widely spoken? A: Yes, particularly in places frequently visited by visitors. You should have no problem communicating with people in most hotels, shops, restaurants and even some taxies. \n Answer: In autumn or winter.",
            "output": [
                "If enjoy pleasant weather, when can you visit Hong Kong?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e53624e9252402b97baea3f47586fd3",
            "input": "Article: There is a brown female  Canadian duck that weighs only four hundred fifty grams. The duck had flown to the southern state of Florida for the winter.A hunter shot it on January fifteenth and  took it to his home in the city of Tallahassee.He put it in the refrigerator .Two days later the man's wife opened the refrigerator door.The duck lifted its head and looked at her.It was alive! The family took the duck to a doctor who treats animals.The doctor gave the duck to the Goose Creek Animal Sanctuary .Animal sanctuaries provide homes for animals and teach people about their care. The doctor said it was easy to understand why people thought the duck was dead. He said ducks generally do not move a 1ot,especially after being shot.And he said its low body temperature helped it survive in the refrigerator.  _ was enough to make the duck famous around the world.The Tallahassee newspaper published the story that was re-printed in many different countries.But that was not the end of the story. Workers at the wildlife sanctuary named the duck Perky.And they got the doctor to give an operation to repair the duck's damaged wing.During the operation,Perky stopped breathing--not just once but two times.The doctor tried to save Perky by giving her oxygen.But he finally said the duck had died.A few seconds later, however, Perky began to move.Reports say the people in the operating room were so happy that they cried. Workers at the wildlife sanctuary say Perky will not have any more operations. It seems the drugs that were used had side-effects on her.Perky is expected to live at the sanctuary.And a local company has begun to sell T-shirts showing a picture of the lucky duck. Money from the sale of the shirts will help pay for Perky's care. \n Answer: The hunter shot the duck in the wing.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c1f83aae4d5d45fdabc2fc69221b0360",
            "input": "Article: The following are letters to the editor of a school newspaper.               Dear editor, I'd like to express my opinion about grades. Students should be allowed to study without worrying about grades. Fortunately, most educators are becoming aware of the fact that students have different interests and abilities. I understand that grades are useful, but grades often limit creativity. Competing for better grades causes many students to turn down opportunities to pursue music, dramatics and sports. Grades force an arbitrary  standard of success on everyone. I do not demand as some extremists do, that grades be removed immediately. However, I do believe that less emphasis should be placed on grades. I hope that someday grades will become optional at Village High School.  Magdalena Smith Drama Club    Dear editor, I'd like to say something about grades. Let's face the facts about grades. Grades perform three basic functions. First, grades motivate  students to work at their highest level of competence . Second, they act as a reward for hardworking students and as a punishment to students who do not work hard. Finally, grades are used as an effective standard by which to measure students' achievement. Good grades help students to get jobs and to get into university. I've spoken with a number of students who have jobs, and most of them say that they were hired primarily on the basis of their grades. My grades helped me land a part-time job and will help me get into university next year. I think grades are extremely important at Village High School.  Simon Harper Science Club \n Answer: Grades should be taken away at once.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not Magdalena Smith's opinion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cc9b039708a04c0393f87b8406de53f0",
            "input": "Article: In most developed countries the government provides free education for children because it realizes that educated citizens are useful to the country in their later life. Most countries also have private  education. This means that parents can pay to send their children to certain schools. People who agree with this system say that it gives parents a larger choice of schools. Other people think that private schools give the children who go to them an unfair advantage over other children. At the age of three, many children go to nursery school. Two or three years later, they enter a primary school. At the age of 11 they go to a secondary school. Then they may have a chance .of continuing their studies at a university or college. Universities and colleges are places where some young people go to continue their education after leaving school. Most university students study one main subject, though they may also study a number of others. Teaching is usually by lectures, or by discussions between a lecturer and students. Most students stay at university for three or four years. At the end of that, they take an examination. If they pass, they receive their Bachelor's degree, usually a BA, which is short for Bachelor of Arts, or a BS for Bachelor of Science. Some students study for several more years in order to get higher degree, such as a MA or a PhD Most university courses don't train students to do a certain job. Colleges, on the other hand, usually teach skills which enable students to follow a career , such as clothing design, or business studies. \n Answer: Because the government want their citizens to be useful to the country.",
            "output": [
                "Why do most developed countries provide free education to children?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76f2685133694c409e75391d5c5da7c7",
            "input": "Article: I believe children have a very pure sense of humor. Well, I would like to share my experiences with you. The other day when I was out with a friend and her daughter Jane at a restaurant, Jane ordered an apple dessert, which was the most attractive dish in that restaurant. However, when she had a bite of the pie, she shouted loudly, \"Mom, why does it look good but tastes like rubber?\" My friend was uneasy. Then the waiter gave us another dish. A child can say funny things. I was at a friend's home for tea and her son, Mark, wanted her to get up. His mom replied, \"I can't, because my foot has fallen asleep now.\" Little Mark then sang a song and asked, \"Mom, will it wake up now?\" We laughed together. The other day we were having an interesting conversation over lunch and my friend, an animal activist   , was arguing with another group member. Her son Tommy suddenly stood up, \"Mom, people should never be allowed to shoot extinct animals!\" That was funny and the child did manage to turn the argument into a pleasant conversation. Well, children sometimes really surprise us. I think we can have a lot to learn from them. They can help us understand the simple world through their eyes. \n Answer: She didn't like the flavor of her food.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jane shout loudly in the restaurant?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ab471dab733f43609c131e2013843b6b",
            "input": "Article: How often do you let other people like a bad driver, a rude waiter, or an angry boss, change your mood  ? Sixteen years ago I learned a lesson. I got in a taxi, and we took off for Grand Central Station. We were driving in the right lane   when all of a sudden, a black car jumped out of a parking space right in front of us. My taxi driver used his brakes  , the tires made a loud noise, and at the very last moment our car stopped just 3cm from the back of the other car. I couldn't believe it. But then I couldn't believe what happened next. The driver of the other car, the guy who almost caused a big accident, turned his head around and he started shouting at us. I couldn't believe it! My taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy. So, I said, \"Why did you just do that? This guy could have killed us!\" And this is when my taxi driver told me what I now call, \"The Law of the Garbage Truck\". He said, \"Many people are like garbage trucks. They run around full of garbage, full of anger and disappointment. As their garbage piles up, they look for a place to dump   it. And if you let them, they'll dump it on you. So I started thinking how often I let Garbage Trucks run right over me and how often I take their garbage and spread it to other people. I began to see Garbage Trucks. I see _ people are carrying. I see them coming to dump it. And like my taxi driver, I don't take it personally. I just smile, wave, wish them well, and move on. \n Answer: His taxi almost ran into another car.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the author on his way to Grand Central Station?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e86b7f1295264f59b9ec87062c3b3a7c",
            "input": "Article: Buffet is the son of the best investor Warren Buffet, and he's the CEO of a philanthropic foundation . But he's also a lifelong farmer. He is familiar with the saying that each farmer can expect to have 40 opportunities to improve their harvest. And it's not just farmers who know there's a clock running on their efforts. \" We all need to recognize that we only have a fixed amount of time to affect change,\" said Howard G. Buffett(HGB)   HGB wants to invest more than $3 billion, in an effort to end global hunger and poverty for the world's nearly one billion poor people by 2045. He's decided to focus much of his effort on farming in the developing world. He believes that the best way to deal with poverty is to change the lives of farmers in the poorest nations on the planet. \"It's a pretty well proven fact that nothing works better at bringing people out of poverty than investment in rural areas,\" said HGB. Healthy soils are a most important part of productive farmers, but 1.5 billion people -- a fifth of the global population -- live on poor land. \"You have to fix the soil,\" he said. HGB also has the idea that farmers who own their own land will raise crops with an eye to the long-term health of the soil. He would like to see that balanced with a foreign-aid plan. HGB notes that too often, experts want to make agriculture in developing nations look like farming in rich countries.\" It's not going to happen like that,\" said HGB. \"You need to consider local differences, local culture.\" Many more ideas of HGB can be found in his new book, Forty Chances: Finding Hope in a Hungry World. \n Answer: 7.5 billion",
            "output": [
                "What's the population of the whole world?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-065c82ba434a4e259e0c569a492ba782",
            "input": "Article: In1909, Sonora Dodd was sitting in her church in Spokane, Washington, listening to a Mother's Day sermon( ) when she had an idea: There should be a day to honor fathers. Sonora's father, William Smart, had raised Sonora and her five siblings all by himself after his wife, Ellen, died. Sonora felt her father  _ a special day, so she went to work persuading her community to set aside Sunday to celebrate dads. Moved by her action, the following year, the mayor of Spokane declared June 19 to be the first Father's Day celebration .This date was selected because it was Smart's birthday. News of this day for dads spread across the country. In 1966, President Lyndon Johonson designated the third Sunday of every June as Father's day. However, it was not until 1972-62 years after the first official celebration in Spokane-that President Richard Nixon signed a law making Father's Day an everlasting holiday. Countries all over the world have special days to honor their dads. In Catholic countries like Spain and Portugal, dad is honored on March 19 during the feast of St.Joseph. In Thailand ,Father's Day is celebrated on the king's birthday. The current king, King Bhumibol Adulyadej, was born on December5.In Canada, people wear roses on Father's Day. There are currently 70.1 million dads in the United States. Many of these dads are spending more time with their kids than dads did in the past ,according to a recent study by the Pew Research Centre .Years ago, taking care of kids was considered a job mainly for women. Now, however, the roles are sometimes overturned .According to the US Census Bureau ,in 2010,154,000 dads stayed at home to take care of their kids ,and 1.8 million dads raised their kids alone like Sonora's dad. On Sunday, dads across the country will open cards and gifts. Whether they know it or not , they have _ someoneto thank for the special recognition. \n Answer: He understood Sonora's story.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the mayor agree to celebrate the Father's Day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-34871dac47c84c66ad77574827e1f631",
            "input": "Article: One day, a brave jackal   came to the river to drink some water. He saw a lion looking weak and tired, and asked, \"What is the matter, King of the Jungle?\" The lion told the jackal his story. The jackal felt sorry for the lion. He pulled and pulled at the lion's tail until the lion became free. The lion was very happy and said, \"Thank you so much for helping me. I thought I would die! You are my friend for life! I would like you to come and live with me. From now on, I will hunt and share my food with you.\" The jackal moved in with the lion's family and had a wonderful time. Soon, the lion had children of his own and so did the jackal. The lioness was not happy about the friendship. She complained to her children. Her children complained to the jackal's children; the jackal's children complained to their mother and their mother complained to the jackal. The jackal was upset and told the lion, \"You told me to live with you. If you don't like it any more, you should have said so yourself.\" The lion was shocked and said, \"This is not true. I've never complained about you. I still want you to continue staying with me.\" The jackal said, \"We understand each other. But our families don't. Perhaps it is better for us to live apart, but continue meeting each other when we are free. We can even hunt together!\" The two families parted, but the lion and the jackal met often and remained friends for the rest of their lives. From the above paragraphs, we can conclude that in order to keep our good friendship, we have to give something up or give in in some particular cases. However, we can never give up or destroy our families. What do you think of it? \n Answer: Weak and tired.",
            "output": [
                "How was the lion when the jackal first met him?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-815ea2f645b9405d90deeb38fe7521af",
            "input": "Article: As society advances and basic needs are most often being met, things that were not considered important in the past have taken priority . In the past, people could easily get a job and progress pretty well, as long as they were hard-working; education was important but not as crucial  as it is today. Nowadays, just as clothes are important to first impressions, degree is important to a person's first job interview or even a job with a good salary. Although experience is important to survive in any trade or profession, the first thing that companies look for is that piece of paper before looking at one's experience. A passport into the world of any profession is what having a degree means today, especially for professions that have need of certification and pay well, such as architects, doctors, lawyers, and teachers. That piece of paper, the degree, is also a passport to jobs in top or middle management in any company, especially so for multi-national corporations . Having a degree opens up opportunities that one would not have had if one did not have any kind of degree. A degree simply proves that one has gone through the necessary training and understanding of how to carry out a job. Although there are many that may say having a degree may not necessarily equal to success, _ would most definitely help any person achieve success in shorter and easier steps. Success cannot simply be a result of hard work and/or depending on one's experience or degree alone; it is the art and knowledge of how to work that determines one's success. Therefore, it should not be for the sake to get a degree, but the quality of the degree and experiences that one can learn from that matter as well. \n Answer: How important is the degree?",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1225043c999347efb43edd7a16e901e5",
            "input": "Article: American researchers have found that variations  in a single gene can be used to predict if someone is likely to take their own life. Researchers at John Hopkins University, in Baltimore, Maryland, found that the gene SKA2 stopped functioning correctly in people at risk of suicide. The SKA2 gene is found in the prefrontal cortex  of the brain, and is involved in preventing negative thoughts and controlling abnormal behavior. If there isn't enough SKA2, or it is changed in some way, the body cannot control levels of cortisol  . Previous research has shown that people who attempt suicide or who take their own lives have large amounts of cortisol in their systems. A test could allow doctors or psychologists to place patients on \"suicide watch\" and disable their access to drugs or equipment which they could use to end their own life. The research was reported in The American Journal of Psychology. \"We need to study this in a larger sample but we believe that we might be able to monitor the blood to identify those at risk of suicide. After all, suicide is a major preventable public health problem, but we have been stymied  in our prevention efforts because we have no steady way to predict those who are at increased risk of killing themselves,\" says study leader Dr Zachary Kaminsky, an assistant professor of psychological and behavioral sciences. \"With a test like ours, we may be able to cut down suicide rates by identifying those people and intervening early enough to head off a catastrophe .\" The blood test managed to predict those with the most severe risk of suicide with 90 per cent accuracy. They could also spot if someone had already attempted suicide with 96 per cent accuracy, simply by looking at the levels of SKA2. \n Answer: To see whether people get infected by illness.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the blood test?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ba46bd3d2ddd4d90b9bbd8f9696264bc",
            "input": "Article: A private group of scientists has announced plans to make an exact copy of a human being. An American member of the team says he and  the others will soon begin a serious effort to clone humans. Panos Zavos says the team hopes to manufacture the world's first cloned baby within the next two years. In recent years, scientists have produced exact genetic copies of sheep and a few other animals. They created these clones from a single cell of an adult animal. Three years ago, another American doctor, Richard Seed, announced plans to clone a human being. However, there is no evidence that he has been successful. Doctor Zavos says the new international group plans to offer human cloning only to women who are currently not able to become pregnant or produce children. He says the aim is to assist people who want to have their own biological child. The technology would be similar to that used to clone animals. It would involve cleaning genetic material from a woman's egg. Doctors then would place genetic material from the woman's husband into the egg before putting it into the woman's uterus . Doctor Zavos says his group plans to do the work in a country near the Mediterranean Sea. He did not name the country. He says an Italian reproductive expert, Sevorino Antinori, is leading the team. Doctor Antinori has led the efforts to help many older women become pregnant. He is known for establishing pregnancies in women as old as sixty. Many medical experts and other groups are opposed to the idea of cloning humans. Several countries ban or restrict work on human cloning. Several doctors criticize the announcement by Doctor Zavos. They say doctors do not know if cloning humans is possible or safe. They say it would be irresponsible to attempt to clone a human being. That is because the chances of success are too small and the risks are too great. \n Answer: People have different ideas about cloning humans.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4c9cfb3cd95a46b081d9ae88ea2f072e",
            "input": "Article: Prince Roman was a Polish nobleman, a captain in the army of Czar Nicholas of Russia. When his young wife died, the prince left the army and returned in sorrow to his native Poland. In time, love for his country and its people took the place of his lost love. He joined a Polish rising against the Russians. The rising was crushed, and Prince Roman was taken prisoner. His relatives and friends begged the military court to have mercy on him. The president of the court received these appeals kindly. He was a good Russian, but he was also a good-natured man. Russian hatred of Poles was not as fierce at that time as it became later; and the Russian felt sympathetic as soon as he saw the prince's thin, tired, sun-burnt face. The court of three officers sat in a bare room, behind a long black table. Some clerks sat at the two ends, but no one else was there when the guards brought in the prince. Those four walls shut out from Prince Roman all sights and sounds of freedom, all hopes of the future, all comforting thoughts. How much love for Poland remained in him then? How much love of life? He stood before his judges alone, having refused their permission to sit. He answered their first formal questions -- his name and so on -- clearly and politely although he felt too weary to talk. Then the president of the court seemed to suggest how the young man could best help himself. He asked questions in a way that almost put the right answers in the prisoner's mouth. \"Didn't your wife's death drive you to despair? Wasn't your mind unbalanced by that sad event ?\" Prince Roman was silent. \"You were not fully responsible for you conduct, were you?\" Prince Roman was silent. \"You made a sudden blind decision to join the rising. You didn't realize that your actions were dangerous and dishonourable. Isn't that the truth of this unfortunate matter?\" The judges looked at the prisoner hopefully. In silence the prince reached for a pen and some paper. He wrote, \"I joined the rising because I believe it was just.\" He pushed the paper towards the president, who took it and read it in silence. Prince Roman was sentenced to hard work for life in the Siberian salt mines. It was a sentence of delayed death. When Czar Nicholas read the report and sentence, he added in his own handwriting, \"Make sure that this prisoner walks in chains every step of the way to Siberia.\" \n Answer: It was ruled by Russia, and Poles served in the Russian army.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage tell us of Poland at the time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-41d79d4b524b48119ec4658acfa62c1c",
            "input": "Article: Volunteering abroad is great. Not only do you travel to an exotic country, you also meet like-minded people, and at the end of it all you have something to put on your CV to impress employers with. But did you ever stop to think about how great it is for the people on the receiving end? In this context, Daniela Papi has a point---foreigners rushing heroically to volunteer in a country they've never heard of are unlikely to make a difference. But turning volunteering camps into classrooms, as Papi seems to advocate in her article, risks throwing the baby out with the bath water by putting people off of volunteering. Rather, learning should be a natural part of the experience, and the key to creating such an environment is positioning everyone as equals. In order for _ to happen, volunteers need competent leaders who create an environment of equality: When, a few years ago, I joined a group of international volunteers to help a small farming community in the Swiss Alps, we were all quite ignorant about the local conditions. But thanks to our group leader, it was both a helpful project for the locals and a fun and eye-opening experience for us.Before we had even traveled (at our own expense) to the mountaintop village, our group leader had spent time with the villagers preparing the project to make sure it would be of benefit to them. She arranged for us to help in different areas, ensuring that we always worked alongside locals rather than for them. It was never \"us\" and \"them\", but always \"we\", like a big family. As a result, conversation flowed and we learned a great deal just by casually talking to the locals as we worked.At the end, we left with a deep appreciation for the labor of love that goes into producing the food we eat every dayan appreciation we could treasure ourselves and share with our peers. Volunteering isn't about saving someone's life, or even about changing it. It's about touching a different world and reminding ourselves that there is much, much more to life than the daily routines we take for granted.With that knowledge, maybe, just maybe, we can go on to really change the world. By Lukas Thibaut \n Answer: The group leader ensured that the volunteers got to know the local conditions.",
            "output": [
                "What contributed to the success of the author's volunteering project in the Alps?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9af8a14779964e7289176b6a3f085dd2",
            "input": "Article: \"As sure as you're alive now, Peter Rabbit, some day I will catch you,\" shouted Reddy Fox, as he put his black nose in the hole between the roots of the Big Hickory-tree which grows close to the Smiling Pool. \"It is lucky for you that you were not one jump farther away from this hole.\" Peter, safe inside that hole, didn't have a word to say, or, if he did, he didn't have breath enough to say it. It was quite true that if he had been one jump farther from that hole, Reddy Fox would have caught him. As it was, the hairs on Peter's funny white tail actually had tickled Reddy's back as Peter ran wildly through the root-bound entrance to that hole. It had been the narrowest escape Peter had had for a long, long time. You see, Reddy Fox had surprised Peter eating sweet clover on the bank of the Smiling Pond, and it had been a lucky thing for Peter that hole, dug long ago by Johnny Chuck's grandfather, had been right where it was. Also, it was a lucky thing that old Mr. Chuck had been wise enough to make the entrance between the roots of that tree in such a way that it could not be dug any larger. Reddy Fox was too shrewd to waste any time trying to dig it larger. He knew there wasn't room enough for him to get between those roots. So, after trying to make Peter as uncomfortable as possible by telling him what he, Reddy, would do to him when he did catch him, Reddy walked across the Green Meadows. Peter remained where he was for a long time. When he was quite sure that it was safe to do so, he crawled out and hurried to the Old Orchard. He felt that that would be the safest place for him, because there were ever so many hiding places in the old stone wall along the edge of it. \n Answer: In a hole",
            "output": [
                "Where is Peter Rabbit hiding?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4f4b7f3e7e69490c8fef4a2cdb466585",
            "input": "Article: Archaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, more or less, \"the study of old things\". So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs, but archaeologists learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, _ are the hard materials that don't break down or disappear very quickly--things like human bones and objects made from stone and metal. It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of history--normally, the bacteria in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood. Occasionally, things are different. In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soup--walk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking out--a human foot! Naturally, the men called the police, who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possibly--but it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organs--the scientists who examined him were able to look inside the man's stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal! Why was this man so well preserved? It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live. Also, the water in the bog was very acidic. The acid preserved the man's skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes. How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called \"Lindow Man\". His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadn't done heavy manual work in his life--he could have been a rich man. They found that he hadn't died by accident. The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods. \n Answer: Acid and water",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following helped to preserve \"Lindow Man\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6853dd2053124a1186e61e7c185085a0",
            "input": "Article: The UN Security Council was created in 1945. It is made up of 10 rotating   members and five permanent members, which have a veto, the power to stop a resolution  . Most UN members now consider the organization's structure outdated. But any changes need the agreement of two-thirds of the 191 members, and no veto from any of the five permanent council members. Last year, Japan, Germany, Brazil and India formed a lobbying   group to get permanent council seats. But North and South Korea have doubts about Japan, Italy opposes Germany for a seat, Pakistan is against India's candidacy   and Mexico and Argentina Brazil. A wave of emotion swept through China last week as millions voiced their opposition to Japan's permanent membership of the United Nations (UN) Security Council. By last Friday over 22 million Chinese had signed an online petition   against Japan's bid for a permanent seat on the council. According to major Chinese websites, such as sina.com, more than 170,000 overseas Chinese also signed. This is the first online activity of its kind. The petition was started by US-based Alliance for Preserving the Truth of the Sino-Japanese War  . They want Japan to apologize for crimes during World War II. The group also plans to present the petition to the UN this autumn. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Jianchao said he didn't think the petition shows anti-Japanese feeling. He believed instead it is a request for Japan to take a responsible attitude towards history. \n Answer: The UN Security Council is going to take in new members.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is true according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f8770e6a82644017873755ea6726c208",
            "input": "Article: In Shanghai's Grand Theater, a fashionable, mainly young audience applauds enthusiastically as Guo Yong takes center stage.He holds a large bushy tree branch with leaves.Blowing on one of the leaves, he produces a sound like the singing of birds as he plays a traditional Buyi folk song.Some other musicians are also playing the traditional instruments from various ethnic groups in China. It's the first time such music has ever been performed in the Grand Theater.But all this is the efforts of Zhu Zheqin, a Cantoneseborn singer, who has made it her mission to help preserve China's traditional ethnic music. In 2009, after being appointed a United Nations Development Program ambassador, Zhu traveled through some of China's remotest regions in an attempt to document the traditional music of various minority groups.In the course of the fourmonth trip, she recorded more than a thousand songs.But she noticed that many of the best musicians were old, and some of the music was at risk of dying out. \"I was shocked by the beauty of what I heard--it was so good,\" she says.\"But it needed support.I hope to let people see the beauty of these things in the contemporary times.\" So Zhu decided to introduce some of the musicians to a wider audience.By doing this, she hopes to rekindle  the interest of the younger generation.\"Young people don't like this music much; they prefer pop music and love songs.They think these songs are something their grandma sings.This kind of repackaging gives young people a new door into their heritage.\" Zhu believes China needs to look again at its own roots.\"China today is basically all Western art; in our conservatories   Western classical music is the top,\" she says.\"For China to really contribute to the world, we need to go on our own path.So what can represent China today?\" The answer, she suggests, is to move from \"made in China\" to \"created in China\". \n Answer: She is helping preserve Chinese ethnic music.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true of Zhu Zheqin?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-83dc190702eb489297172b574a864ac4",
            "input": "Article: Every week in China, millions of people will sit in front of their TVs watching teenagers compete for the title Character Hero, which is a Chinese-style spelling bee . In this challenge, young competitors must write Chinese characters by hand. To prepare for the competition, the competitors usually spend months studying dictionaries. Perhaps the show's popularity should not be a surprise. Along with gunpowder and paper, many Chinese people consider the creation of Chinese calligraphy to be one of their primary contributions to civilization. Unfortunately, all over the country, Chinese people are forgetting how to write their own language without computerized help. Software on smart phones and computers allows users to type in the basic sound of the word using the Latin alphabet. The correct character is chosen from a list. The result? It's possible to recognize characters without remembering how to write them. But there's still hope for the paint brush. China's Education Ministry wants children to spend more time learning how to write. In one Beijing primary school we visited, students practice calligraphy every day inside a specially decorated classroom with traditional Chinese paintings hanging on the walls. Soft music plays as a group of six-year-olds dip brush pens into black ink. They look up at the blackboard often to study their teacher's examples before carefully attempting to reproduce those characters on thin rice paper. \"If adults can survive without using handwriting, why bother to teach it now?\" we ask the calligraphy teacher, Shen Bin. \"The ability to write characters is part of Chinese tradition and culture,\" she reasons. \"Students must learn now so they don't forget when they grow up.\" says the teacher. \n Answer: It draws great public attention across the country.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the Character Hero?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18d6ae245f7b4bb78a57186d7a0cc906",
            "input": "Article: The wedding took place in a Birmingham hotel.The bride and her father arrived in a new black American sports car.Her father looked nervous and uncomfortable in front of the cameras.The bride wore a silk wedding dress.She smiled nervously at the waiting photographers and went to a room on the first floor where she met her future husband for the very first time. Carla Germaine and Greg Cordell were the winners of a radio station's competition.The aim of the competition was to find two strangers prepared to marry without having met each other.Miss Germaine,23,is a model.Mr.Cordell,27,is a TV salesman.They were among the two hundred people who entered for a particular \"experiment\" organized by BMRB radio in Birmingham,England.Greg and Carla were among eight finalists who were interviewed live on radio.They took a lie detector test and the station also spoke to their friends and family about their personalities.The competition judges included an astrologer who declared that they were suited. The couple celebrated their wedding with a wedding breakfast and a party for 100 guests in the evening,but not everyone shared their joy.Miss Germaine's mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and Mr.Cordell's parents are reported to be less than delighted. Organizations,including the marriage guidance service Relate,have criticized the marriage.As one expert put it,\"we have enough problems getting young people to take marriage seriously.Marriage should always be about love.\" The couples are now on a Caribbean honeymoon followed by journalists.Their other prizes include a year's free use of a wonderful apartment in the centre of Birmingham,and a car.But will it last? \n Answer: The bridegroom's parents were not that joyful.",
            "output": [
                "How did the couple's parents react to the wedding?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cbcd699917c54f99859e92f04132af0b",
            "input": "Article: The Olympic Games are seen as the greatest test of an athlete's ability and are supposed to celebrate the spirit of fair play. But in fact, sportsmen have been using drugs to cheat their way to victory since the Games first began. In the early years, athletes ate mushrooms and plant seeds to improve their performance. Nowadays, this kind of cheating has a name doping . Just last month, Britain's top sprinter  Dwain Chambers and several American athletes tested positive for the drug THG. Until a coach secretly gave a sample of THG to scientists, no one knew how ho test for it. \"We're like cops chasing criminals--athletes are always adapting and looking for areas we haven't investigated,\" said Jacquew de Ceaurriz, a French anti-doping expert. Since the first drugs test was carried out at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, many cheats have been caught out. The most famous case in history is that of Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson. He broke the 100 meters world record in winning gold at the 1988 Seoul Olympics. But days later, he tested positive for drug use, lost his gold medal and was banned from the sport. Five years later, he returned to action--only to be found positive again and banned forever. China has also had problems with drug cheats. At the 1994 Asian Games, 11 Chinese athletes--seven of them swimmers--tested positive for banned drugs. Sports organizations promised that cheating on this scale would not happen again. Experts are also worried that doping can damage a person's health. It is believed to increase the risk of liver and kidney diseases, and women may experience reproductive  problems. As long as they can stay ahead of the scientists, it is unlikely the cheats will stop. But experts say there is a limit to what can be achieved and that athletes will not be able to change their bodies using gene technology. \"For the moment, genetic doping does not exist,\" said de Ceaurriz. \"Even in 10 or 15 years it will not be done easily--the scientific community will not let it happen.\" \n Answer: Eating plant seeds.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not the way that some athletes cheat to their better sports achievements?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4c442ec930de4455aad3e1ddd472f273",
            "input": "Article: Valerie Jarrett, 58, is serving as a top adviser to President Obama and has been close to the first family since the early 1990s. Joe Heim fromWashingtonPosthad an interview with her. Joe Heim: What do you think of a reporter who interviews you for 25 minutes, then later finds out his recorder stopped working and asks you to do the interview again? Valerie Jarrett: _ . You could have just tried to pretend that it didn't happen. Joe Heim: You're considered the president's closest adviser. Have you ever given him bad advice since he became president? Valerie Jarrett: I'm sure that I have. I think one of the reasons why the president's management style is very effective is because all of his advisers feel very comfortable being open about their advice. Finally, there's only one decision-maker. And that's the president. Joe Heim: What misunderstandings are there of you? Valerie Jarrett: A little-known fact is that I started my life very shy and remained very shy well into adulthood. Painfully shy, I would call it. And I often share this, particularly with young people, because it's something I really had to work hard to overcome. And for all the shy people out there I say, you, too, can overcome it. But it took a lot of hard work on my part, and I discovered along the way that just because you're nervous and you have butterflies in your stomach doesn't mean that it has to show. My point in sharing it with you is that part of life is pushing yourself outside of your comfort zone  . And if you're going to grow, you have to learn how to take on new challenges that you might not be good at. Joe Heim: Will you stay until the end of his term? Valerie Jarrett: I serve at the pleasure of the president. If he wants me to stay, I will. \n Answer: To ask people to face challenges bravely.",
            "output": [
                "Why does Valerie Jarrett share her shyness?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ca61e308426e4117941253999e7ae667",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever heard a news reporter talk about DNA?Reporters talk about DNA found at the scene of a crime.They talk about police finding DNA \"fingerprints\".Police sometimes use DNA as a clue to find out who committed the crime. DNA is a substance that makes up genes.Everything alive has genes.Plants have genes.Animals have genes.You have genes. Genes are the basic units of heredity .Heredity means all the characteristics you inherit from your parents.You get your genes from your parents.You inherit half of your genes from your mother.You inherit half of your genes from your father. Genes are a kind of code.A tree's genes tell what shape its leaves will be.A cat's genes tell what color its fur will be.Your genes tell what color your eyes will be.Your genes tell what color your hair will be.Everything about you comes from the code in your genes. Genes line up on strands called chromosomes in cells.Everything alive is made up of cells.Chromosomes are in the center,or nucleus of cells. Different parts of you are made of different kinds of cells.Your muscles are made of muscle cells.Your skin is made of skin cells.The code in your genes tells your body to make different kinds of cells.The genes in each cell tell the cell how to work.They tell the cell when to make new copies of itself. An Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel first saw inherited patterns in pea plants.He experimented with pea plants in the 1860s.One of the things,or traits  Mendel studied was what makes some pea plants tall and some short.He said that the traits must come from units of heredity passed from the parent plants.These units were later called genes. In the mid-1900s,scientists discovered that genes are made of DNA.In the 1970s,scientists learned how to change DNA with genetic engineering.Scientists also learned that problems with certain genes cause diseases.Muscular dystrophy,cystic fibrosis,and hemophilia are some genetic diseases--diseases caused by problems in genes.Today,scientists are looking for ways to cure genetic diseases by changing genes through a process called gene therapy. \n Answer: DNA is a substance that makes up genes.",
            "output": [
                "What is DNA?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e0eb2aff6111421d992375244a9e01a9",
            "input": "Article: Parents on South Australia's Aboriginal   lands may lose some of their financial aid if they do not send their children to school. The new rules draw wide concern. Mundine is Prime Minister Tony Abbott's top advisor on issues concerning Aboriginals, native Australians. \"Now, I know the government needs some necessary measures but I think punishing the parents is really the last choice.\" Mr. Mundine says the situation can be changed if the tribal leaders support education. \"We need to work with parents and communities because we are making a huge cultural change here.\" But other officials say they believe the threat of stopping aid will force families to take education more seriously. The State of South Australia says it has special programs for Aboriginal children. The students work with their parents and teachers first to develop a personal learning plan and the public schools provide special workers to work individually with Aboriginal students. At the age of seven, Aboriginal students can join a program called Enter for Success designed to attract students to school. The students can choose which high school to attend and receive support in reaching the goals on their individual learning plans. The State of Western Australia also has special programs for Aboriginal and other ethnic   groups. The state operates a program called Focus Schools which centers on basic skills like reading, writing and counting. 67% of these public focus schools serve the students in 79 very rural areas. Most of them are primary schools. The Focus Schools program also includes 118 coaches working with students in 134 schools. \n Answer: To improve Aboriginal children's school attendance.",
            "output": [
                "What's the aim of the new regulations?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6d9a206abadd4a0189f9cfda7aa48470",
            "input": "Article: Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go in to their offices or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up early in the morning and reach home late in the evening. One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper. Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to rent. With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of one's own. Then, in the country one can rest from the noise and hurry of the town. Even though one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep better at night and during weekends and on summer evenings, one can enjoy the fresh, clean air of the country. If one likes gardens, one can spend one's free time digging, planting, watering and doing other jobs which are needed in a garden. Then, when the flowers and vegetables come up, one has the reward of one who has shared the secret of Nature. Some people, however, take no interest in country things: for them, happiness lies in the town, with its cinemas and theatres, beautiful shops and busy streets, dance-halls and restaurants. Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live it outside London. An occasional walk in one of the parks and a fortnight's (two weeks) visit to the sea every summer is all the country they want: the rest they are quite prepared to leave to those who are glad to get away from London every night. \n Answer: People who work in London prefer to live in the country.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d385cc8b1ae446fbaeacc9f7b0b0c508",
            "input": "Article: In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition . Some value it highly , believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity . Others say that competition is bad ; that it sets one person against another ; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people . I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied  on how well they performed at tennis and other skills . For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit ( )of success , the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten . However ,while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed , others take an opposite attitude .In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players , they strongly blame competition . Among _ are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society . Teaching these young people . I often observe in them a desire to fail . They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success . By not trying , they always have an excuse : \"I may have lost . but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try . \"What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot . Such a loss would be a measure of their worth . Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves . Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others . Both are afraid of not being valued . Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve   can we discover a new meaning in competition . \n Answer: Opinions about competition are different among people",
            "output": [
                "What does this passage mainly talk about ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9c5ce197a86f43c692b928303fcff700",
            "input": "Article: A terrible competition is going on in England, with billions of dollars and hundreds of lives at risk. OK, that's not true. But competitors from around the world gathered on Thursday for the annual competition to compete for the world's biggest person who tells lies. Each participant is given up to five minutes to make up the best _ in the contest, which was founded in honor of 19th-century Bridge Inn landlord Will Ritson, who was reportedly famous for his lies. Competitors gather at the Bridge Inn every year for the competition, a small pub in northwestern England. Anyone but lawyers and politicians can take part in the competition. A study found that nearly all lies are detectable   through visible facial muscle reactions in the person telling a lie. \"Thus, while interpersonal cheat often is highly successful, signs of hidden emotional states are communicated clearly to the informed observer,\" the study concluded. A churchman of Carlisle reportedly holds what may be the greatest lie of all time in the competition, simply stating, \"I have never told a lie in my life.\" In 2003, Abrie Krueger from South Africa became the first one to win the competition. In 2006, comedian Sue Perkins became the first female to win the competition, telling a tale about people riding camels to work as a result of climate change. \n Answer: He intends to talk about a contest.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author tell a lie at the beginning of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2187a76f5d8d46a4b2f00382f9c6a79b",
            "input": "Article: Backpacking in Europe is a wonderful experience for young people around the world.After high school or university,you can plan a European backpacking trip. Packing As you plan the things you will carry,bring warm clothes and a raincoat or umbrella to deal with changing weather in different European countries.Europeans like dressing nicely,and good clothes will make you feel less like a dusty  backpacker.It is not worth taking the trouble to bring a hair dryer or shampoo,as you can buy basic necessities  in Europe. Hostels The cheapest places to sleep when backpacking in Europe are hostels(where people can stay and eat fairly cheaply).Most hostels have a lot of information about low-cost ways to see local attractions,and many offer tours.The cost for hostel beds differs from country to country.In Paris,you might pay 30 euros,but in Bulgaria,you can get a bed for 10 euros.In general,hostels are more expensive in large,popular cities such as Paris,Rome and London. Many backpackers use rail passes ,which allow unlimited  travel within country groups over a period of time.If you have the time to travel by train and will be traveling in a country group,this can be a good deal.Otherwise,you may consider point-to-point tickets,local trains,buses and airlines such as Ryanair,easyJet and Wizz Air,which offer cheap flights. Food Eating out in Europe can come with a high cost,and the best way to cut your food budget  is to cook meals in the shared kitchens in hostels.You can make several meals into picnics to take advantage of Europe's parks.When shopping for your picnic,try and buy at a local market.You save some euros while supporting the local industry at the same time.When eating out,choose restaurants away from tourist attractions. \n Answer: They always ask the same price for their beds.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is an advantage of hostels?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-06af3196a0ce4357a5964ac6ae2b031d",
            "input": "Article: No one knows how man learned to make words. Perhaps he began by making sounds like those made by animals. Perhaps he grunted like a pig when he lifted something heavy. Perhaps he made sounds like those he heard all round him--water splashing, bees humming, a stone falling to the ground. Somehow he learned to make words. As the centuries went by, he made more and more new words. This is what we mean by language.  People living in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred different languages in the world. Each contains four or five hundred thousand words. But we do not need all these. Only a few thousand words are used in everyday life. The words you know are called your vocabulary  . You should try to make your vocabulary larger. Read as many books as you can. There are plenty of books written in easy language. Your dictionary is your most useful book. \n Answer: The way man learns.",
            "output": [
                "What do we mean by language?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f8dac0a10b454d4d9728ba4b63e20fdc",
            "input": "Article: While reading a book in English, every few lines of text, you run across a word or two that you don't know. You look up every new word in the dictionary. Bad move. All that does slow you down. Even electric or CD -ROM dictionaries can get in the way of your reading progress. A dictionary is like a road map. It can help you if you get lost and point you in the right direction. But if you stop to look at the \"map\" each time you take a step, you'll get nowhere fast. On your English learning \"journey\", a dictionary can be a helpful \"travel companion \"--if it is not overused. To help you start thinking in English, use an English-to-English dictionary. Otherwise, you will always depend on your native language and end up translating in your head. A good dictionary can help you do more than just find the meaning of a word. It can help you verify  spelling, check word forms and grammar usage, find example sentence and learn pronunciation. Some dictionaries even provide exercises to teach you how to use their resources. Take time to get to know your dictionary. Learn the pronunciation symbols. Understand what the abbreviations   mean. Try to master the important grammar rules. Look for charts, diagrams and lists might be useful in the future. You will discover how helpful it can be to make friends with your dictionary. And as they say, \"A friend in need is a friend indeed.\" \n Answer: Because it can help us to start thinking in English and in Chinese.",
            "output": [
                "Why do we need a good English-to-English dictionary?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d36e2cd3abec40048f291759a57b7027",
            "input": "Article: When his book Little Princes began, Conor Grennan was planning a year-long trip around the globe, a journey that began with a three-month volunteer service at the Little Princess Children's Home, an orphanage  in Nepal. Arriving there, Conor was immediately welcomed by all the children even though he had no previous experience in working with children. He quickly grew to love the job. But it wasn't long before Conor came to learn that the children were not orphans at all--they were actually children who had been separated from their parents by a child trafficker  . This realization turned Conor's global journey into a strong desire to try to find a way to reunite these children with their families. As a part of his efforts, Conor did a great amount of work when he was back in America. He started up a nonprofit organization called Next Generation Nepal (NGN), raising funds in order to buy a house in Nepal for another children's home. Then, back in Nepal, he began a life-changing trip into remote villages. It is really amazing to read about Conor communicating with the children and to read his descriptions of each of them. He made me truly care about the kids. I wanted them to be able to reunite with their families, too! Unfortunately, this was simply not possible for some of the children. But there were some lucky ones. Jagrit, for example, had thought for years that both his parents were dead. So, Conor was surprised when he visited Jagrifs village and was introduced to the boy's father! Conor successfully found many of the families of the children and also found his future wife while in Nepal. \n Answer: Many children ended there due to illegal trade.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Little Princess Children's Home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e825519d07a424dadd4f256823604d3",
            "input": "Article: International Students' Orientation Programme What is it? It is a course which will introduce you to the College and to Bingham. It takes place in the week before term starts, from 24th-28thSeptember, but you should plan to arrive in Bingham on the 22ndor 23rdSeptember. Why do we think it is important? We want you to have the best possible start to your studies and you need to find out about all the opportunities that college life offers. It will enable you to get to know the college, its facilities and services. You will also have a chance to meet staff and students. How much will it cost? * International students (non-European Union students) For those students who do not come from European Union (EU) countries, and who are not used to European culture and customs, the progamme is very important and you are strongly advised to attend. Because of this, the cost of the programme, without accommodation, is built into your tuition fees. * EU students EU students are welcome to take part in this programme without accommodation for PS195. Accommodation costs (international and EU students) The cost of accommodation for one week is PS165 If you have booked accommodation for the year ahead (41 weeks) through the college, you do not have to pay extra for accommodation. You can ask us to pre-book accommodation for you one week only in a hotel with other International students. What is included during the programme? Meals: lunch and an evening meal are provided as part of the programme. Please note that breakfast is not available. Information: including such topics as accommodation, health, religious matters, study skills, and other necessary information. Social activities: including a welcome party and a half day trip round Bingham. \n Answer: Those who want to make up their missed lessons.",
            "output": [
                "Who is encouraged to attend the course according to the ad?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ea031adcd0eb4fa9ad98dfaf3210492d",
            "input": "Article: Louis Pasteur, one of the world's great scientists, was born in 1822, and died in 1895.While still a young boy, Louis Pasteur made his decision to become a scientist. He spent much of his life time studying the diseases of cattle, chickens and other tame animals. His wife learned to help him with his work. Almost everyone knows that Pasteur is the man responsible for finding a way of preventing milk from spoiling  . Not many people know he was the first to imagine and to prove that air we breathe is full of germs  .  One of his greatest successes was finding a treatment for people and animals to prevent a disease called rabies  . Louis Pasteur won many honors and could have got large amount of money. But Pasteur preferred to live simply. The real happiness of this unusual man came from his work. Louis Pasteur did so well in his life that the French government took up his work and created the Institute Pasteur in the year 1888. \n Answer: Pasteur's wife was of some help to him in his work..",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9aa38895f0448928ccd6f86cfe5b065",
            "input": "Article: Civil Affairs and Public Security Departments have been urged to take comprehensive steps to help children who are begging on the nation's streets and are often abused. Premier Wen Jiabao said during his online chat with netizens, China Daily reported. Wen said he has paid close attention to the ongoing micro blog campaign that calls on concerned netizens to post photos of children begging on the streets in the hope that police will rescue them and return them to their families. There are many reasons why children turn to begging, including poverty and family problems. Joint efforts will help end the problem. His remarks were welcomed by Yu Jianrong, a professor from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, who starts the online campaign to on child begging. The All-China Women's Federation (ACWF) also released a statement encouraging people to contact the police if they find any suspect who abuses, or forces juveniles to beg on the streets. People can either call 110 and or dial 12338 and connect with a hotline set up by the ACWF. The statement was reported by Xinhua News Agency. The micro blog campaign has gained support from charities, and other social institutions since it was launched in January. One Foundation, a Shenzhen-based charity, set up a fund on Feb 19 for a database for sharing information about missing children So far, One Foundation has raised 720,000 yuan ($109,500). Meanwhile, Shanghai Time Plastic Surgery Hospital has offered free plastic surgery to Ren Fangfang, an 8-year-old girl who suffered physical abuse at the hands of a man who used her to beg for him. \n Answer: Poverty and family problems contribute to child begging",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d2a0dc3485e5410ba373c2c5cd343d6d",
            "input": "Article: The Celerifere, an early version of the bicycle, was built around 1791 by a French man, Comte Mede de Sivrac. It was basically a scooter with a high seat. There were no pedals---you had to push with your feet like you do with a skateboard or a scooter. Around 1816 Baron Karl Drais de Sauerbrun in Germany added a moveable steering handle. These early machines were often known as dandy horses or hobby horses, but weren't very popular. The improvement that made them popular was added by a Scottish blacksmith around 1839. Kirkpatrick Macmillan added pedals to enable it to get up hills. It was this improvement that made the bicycle a serious form of transportation. Bike were called velocipedes or bone-shakers, because of the lack of the proper tires made for a rough ride! It wasn't until around 1869 that they began to be called bicycles (\"two-wheels\"). Carriage makers in Paris (either Pierre and Ernest Michaux, or their employee Pierre Lallement) switched the pedal to the front wheel. That's why it is usually either Lallement or the Michauxs, not Macmillan, who are considered as the inventor of the bicycle. In 1869 the penny-farthing or high-wheeler was invented. With the large wheel the rider could go much farther with each push of the pedal, but caused many accidents because the seat was so far off the ground. In the mid-1880s Englishman James Starley manufactured what he called the \"safety bicycle\" , which had two similarly-sized wheels and a major improvement--- a chain and sprocket  driven rear wheel, with the pedals between the two wheels like modern bicycles. One more historical note---it's possible that the idea of the bicycle was thought of almost 400 years before it was actually invented. There is a drawing of a bicycle-like machine in one of Leonardo da Vinci's notebooks, which dates back to about 1493. \n Answer: The Michauxs.",
            "output": [
                "Who is recognized as the inventor of the bicycle?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8dbfe1f4032648dab8de924b4c6e7d66",
            "input": "Article: It might not come as a surprise that China fell behind Western countries in a recent UN report on global happiness. China was only ranked 112th happiest country out of 156 in the UN's World Happiness Report in April. The happiest country, it seems, is Denmark, closely followed by three more northern European countries- Finland, Norway, and the Netherlands. But apart from income and lifestyle differences, there are also cultural reasons for this divide. They show that Chinese people and Westerners have different perceptions of happiness. According to a survey conducted by CCTV, income levels most affected Chinese people's sense of well- being (55.5 percent), followed by health (48.9 percent) and quality of marriage or love life (32 percent). It seems that all these criteria are lagging  in China, and that the obvious explanation for greater happiness in the West is higher incomes. But not so, says Professor John Helliwell, an American economist at the University of British Columbia and coauthor of the UN report. According to Helliwell, low-income individuals may experience an initial jump in happiness when their money increases, but this feeling decreases as they adapt to their new circumstances. He stresses the example of the US, where, despite GDP figures rising consistently for the past 50 years, happiness has been steadily declining. This is because people desire more than money and material wealth. \"To be happy, we need to feel connection, trust and meaningful relationships,\" explains Helliwell.  Dr Deborah Swallow, a UK expert on cultural diversity however, believes there are some differences in the perceptions of happiness in the West and China.  \"For North Americans and Europeans, happiness tends to be defined in terms of personal achievement, and is best predicted by self-esteem\" she says. \"For East Asians, happiness tends to be defined in terms of interpersonal connectedness, and is best predicted by how well involved the self is in a social network.\" Living standards are not necessarily the last word on happiness, as suggested by China's Urban Happiness Ranking 2012, released by the Hong Kong-based China Institute of City Competitiveness in July. According to the survey's results, Qingdao in Shandong province is China's happiest city with a score of 95.08. Surprisingly, China's first-tier cities scored  ly low, with Shenzhen ranking 94th, Beijing 96th and Shanghai in 99th position. \n Answer: People's sense of happiness is determined by many factors.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following about happiness is Correct?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e4cd188d07284349a258fd3ad376c6c8",
            "input": "Article: Today's demands for measuring childhood success have chased household chores from the to-do lists of many young people. In a survey of 1,001 US adults released by Braun Research, 82% reported having regular chores growing up, but only 28% said that they require their own children to do them. \"Parents today want their kids spending time on things that can bring them success, but ironically, we've stopped doing one thing that's actually been a proven predictor of success--and that's household chores.\" says Richard Rende, a developmental psychologist. Giving children household chores at an early age helps to build a lasting sense of mastery, responsibility and independence, according to research by Marty Rossmann, professor at the University of Minnesota. In 2002, Dr. Rossmann analyzed data from a longitudinal  study that followed 84 children across four periods. She found that young adults who began chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely to have good relationships with family and friends and to achieve academic and early career success, as compared with those who didn't have chores or who started them as teens. Chores also teach children how to be empathetic  and responsive to others' needs, notes psychologist Richard Weissbourd. In research, his team surveyed 10,000 high-school students and asked them to rank what they treasured more: achievement, happiness or caring for others. Almost 80% chose either achievement or happiness over caring for others. As he points out, however, research suggests that personal happiness comes most reliably not from high achievement but from strong relationships. \"We're out of balance,\" says Dr. Weissbourd. A good way to start re-adjusting priorities , he suggests, is by learning to be kind and helpful at home. The next time that your child asks to skip chores to do homework, resist the urge to let him or her off the hook. Being slack  about chores when they compete with school sends your child the message that grades and achievement are more important than caring about others. What may seem like small messages in the moment but add up to big ones over time. \n Answer: Young adults beginning chores as teens are more likely to be responsible.",
            "output": [
                "What can we conclude from Rossmann's longitudinal study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb71409b0bc64a189732b1bd9681ef55",
            "input": "Article: Wilma Subra had no intention of becoming a public speaker. After graduating from college with degrees in chemistry and microbiology, she went to work at Gulf South Research Institute in Louisiana. As part of her job, she conducted field research on toxic (poisonous) substances in the environment, often in minority communities located near large industrial polluters. She found many families were being exposed to high, sometimes deadly levels of chemicals and other toxic substances. But she was not allowed to make her information public. Frustrated by these restrictions, Subra left her job in 1981, created her own company and has devoted the past two decades to helping people fight back against giant industrial polluters. She works with families and community groups to conduct environmental tests, interpret test results, and organize for change. Because of her efforts, dozens of toxic sites across the country have been cleaned up. And one chemical industry spokesperson calls her \"a _ top _ gun\" for the environmental movement. How has Subra achieved all this? Partly through her scientific training.Partly through her commitment to environmental justice. But just as important is her ability to communicate with people through public speaking. \"Public speaking,\" she says, \"is the primary vehicle I use for reaching people.\" If you had asked Subra before 1981 \"Do you see yourself as a major public speaker?\", she would have laughed at the idea. Yet today she gives more than one hundred presentations a year. Along the way, she's lectured at Harvard, testified before Congress, and addressed audiences in 40 states, as well as in Mexico, Canada, and Japan. \n Answer: Minority communities near industrial polluters.",
            "output": [
                "What did Wilma Subra study for her job before 1981?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-593952d33d4649cfb2015dfe1a8b9f1b",
            "input": "Article: One day Thomas Alva Edison was given a letter by his teacher. His teacher asked him to give it to his mother. Edison thought it was something nice. After he returned home, he proudly gave it to his mother, saying \"My teacher let me give this letter to you.\" Not knowing what it was, Edison's mother opened it, and then her eyes opened wide. With tears in her eyes, she looked at her son and read out the letter aloud, \"Your child is a genius. This school is too small for him and doesn't have enough good teachers to train him. Please teach him yourself.\" The fact was that Edison liked asking strange questions in class. His teachers thought he was mentally ill. They could no longer stand him and decided to stop him from going to school. However, Edison's mother didn't give up on her son. She taught him at home. Many years after Edison's mother died and he was already one of the greatest inventors, one day he was looking through the old family things. Suddenly he saw a piece of folded paper in the corner of a drawer. He took it and opened it up. It read, \"Your son is addled (mentally ill). We won't let him come to school any more.\" Edison cried for hours and then he wrote in his diary, \"Thomas Alva Edison was an addled child, but, by his hero mother, he becomes the genius of the century.\" Having faith in those we love is very important. We should have faith in those around us. Even if others have given upon you, you should have faith in yourself. \n Answer: sad",
            "output": [
                "How did Edison's mother probably feel when reading the letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-057ceffd35914128ab731faafc91a2d5",
            "input": "Article: Every year, as Spring Festival draws near, most Chinese people will get excited to make preparation for the most important festival and make plan for the winter break. It is a little like Christmas in the United States, but there are some differences between the two festivals. Both the major Chinese and the major Western holidays come during the cold season, and special food is expected. In western countries, cookies and cakes begin just after Thanksgiving in November and show up everywhere. Turkey, potatoes and other food come later. Similar thing happens in China. Entering lunar December, most families will make shopping plans for _ and food is certainly one of the most important things to be considered. At the end of the month, both parents in each family will be very busy---the father is busy buying food while the mother is busy cooking. A deeper similarity   is tradition. Christmas, as the letters \"Christ\" suggests, began as a holiday to celebrate the birthday of Jesus Christ. Many people pray   on this day. In China, people living in cities or towns, though they don't plan to sow seeds  this month, still celebrate on the big day for farmers. Followers of both holidays are also different from each other. While Chinese people travel to the homes of elder relatives, Americans usually call or send cards. Westerners prefer Christmas carols to fireworks. In Christmas, many family gifts come together instead of one by one, since adults may have only one day free to celebrate. But the most curious difference is about students. Chinese students going home for Spring Festival sometimes report that they get bored by the end of vacation, yet American students seldom get bored around Christmas and western New Year. Not everyone enjoys classic holiday traditions. Students in western countries may get upset, as too much homework, travel or bad family relations may destroy the short holiday season. In China, more and more college students choose to travel or work during the winter holiday instead of going home to stay with their families. It's against the tradition but many people accept it. \n Answer: Differences between two festivals.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer mainly want to tell us in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d075e06e924b441b936c86d495784c5b",
            "input": "Article: Would you like to join an all-women' s expedition to Annapurna? You must be an experienced high altitude climber, strong, enthusiastic and a hard worker! If you think this is for YOU, please contact: Arlene Blum, Berkeley, California, USA. Many women wrote to them from all over the world, but they could only choose ten. When the final team was chosen, the youngest was twenty years old, the oldest was fifty.  For Arlene, finding the climbers was only the first step. The team needed another important thing: money. There were long talks at Vera Watson' s house, when they discussed how to make the 80,000 dollars they would need for the expedition. With the help of enthusiastic friends, they organized dances, sports, and parties. They even sold expedition T- shirts. After many months, and a lot of hard work, they finally had the money they needed. Now at last they were in Kathmandu, the city where their great adventure would begin. Arlene looked round at the women in the airport. They looked tired after the long journey from Francisco, but happy to be in Nepal at last. There had been so many friends and families at the airport to say goodbye. It had been difficult to leave the people they loved. Irene had looked so sad when she said goodbye to her daughters. Arlene had found it very difficult to leave her boyfriend, John. For all of them there was the chance that they would never see their families or friends again. All climbing in the Himalayas is dangerous. One in ten of the people who go there do not come back. Annapurna was very dangerous because of its avalanches. Arlene knew the avalanches very well. On the expedition film she said... \n Answer: An enthusiastic woman.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not a must for the interviewees?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-67ded9cd20f3485c8cb5651f12743a10",
            "input": "Article: Electronic books have changed the way many people read for pleasure. Now online textbooks are changing the way some students learn and some teachers teach. More than one hundred seventy-five thousand students attend the public schools in Fairfax County, Virginia, outside Washington. Last year, the school system used digital books in fifteen schools. This school year, middle schools and high schools changed from printed to electronic textbooks in their social studies classes. Luke Rosa is a history teacher at Falls Church High School. His students work on laptop computers at school. He explains the idea to them this way. \"I mean, it's just like a regular textbook, except it's got it all online.\" Peter Noonan, an assistant superintendent   of schools, said, \"The world's changing. And the online textbooks can change right along with the events that are happening.\" Digital books also cost less than printed textbooks, he said. A student named Melanie Reuter said, \"I don't have to carry a textbook around, so that's nice.\" But another student said, \"I don't like it because the Internet sometimes doesn't work.\" Students also need access to the Internet when they are not at school. About ten percent of students in Fairfax Country do not have a computer or online access at home. Public libraries in the country have free Internet. There are also after-school computer labs as well as computer clubhouse supported by the country. Middle school student Slieman Hakim is happy about that. He said, \"My family only has one computer; my sister and I both do our homework on it. So I come here to do my homework. It's good.\" Other school systems in the area are also considering online textbooks. \n Answer: Paper textbooks.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is /are NOT used when students have social studies classes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cb88e43a711b4f1fb85b504abd280683",
            "input": "Article: So much to do, so little time.So much information, so little time to read.In this age there is more information than ever before.There is not enough time to read everything we want to read.However, you can take in and understand more information in shorter time through speed-reading.This article will not make you read 3,000 words per minute, but it will show you how to increase your speed greatly.You will also learn the basic techniques of speed reading, along with the dos and don'ts of speed-reading. When you first learned to read, you would say the word out loud and sound it out.Then you might whisper the word because people can become annoyed when you read aloud.The stage you are now at is saying the word in your head.Most people tend to read this way.Saying the word in your head will cut your reading speed tremendously  . How do you calculate your reading speed? The speed is measured by how many words per minute you can read.Get some reading material, preferably a book.Find out how many words are on the page.Time yourself one minute.Start your timer and start reading.When the timer sounds, stop at once.If you counted 500 words on the page and you read half of the page, then you are probably reading at 250 words per minute. The first thing about speed-reading is looking at the word and recognizing it.Don't say the word in your mind, just look at it and recognize its appearance.Later you will recognize groups of four words or more to increase your speed.This is the first and most important step in speed-reading. The next step is technique.As with any other skill, speed-reading requires technique.You should first be sitting up straight with your book on a horizontal   surface, such as a table or desk.Next, should be able to see the entire page.This is necessary if you want to recognize clumps of words.Lastly, _ .It's hard to read with a lot of noise.Find a quiet place to read.This will help your understanding of the text.You need something to guide your eyes while reading.Then right, you should use your hand.Remember when you were little, you would read using your finger.That is a great technique, only now you're using your hand to underline each line.Move your finger smoothly across page.No need to go rush, start out slow.Keep your eyes focused on words as you recognize them while using your hand as a guide.This will increase your speed. The third step is practice.Practice makes perfect.Set time intervals.Read using different techniques, but make sure you understand what you're reading. \n Answer: Now conditions ask people to use less time to know more information.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aed7a00be188450c99bace3ec702f6da",
            "input": "Article: Since IQ testing began a century ago, women have been as much as five points behind, leading psychologists to suggest genetic differences between the male and the female. That gap has been narrowing in recent years and this year women have moved ahead. The finding has been made by James Flynn, a world-famous expert on IQ tests. \"In the last 100 years, the IQ scores of both men and women have risen but women's have risen faster,\" said Flynn. \" This is a result of modernity. The complex modern world is making our brains adapt and raising our IQs.\" One possible explanation is that women's lives have become more demanding as they multitask between raising a family and doing a job. Another might be that women have a slightly higher potential intelligence than men and are only now realizing it. Flynn also made the great discovery that scores in western countries increased by roughly three points a decade, which means people today get 30 more points than those living 100 years ago and that IQs can be improved. Flynn conducted new IQ tests in western European countries, America, Canada, New Zealand, Argentina and Estonia, which showed that the gap between men and women had become very small. In New Zealand, Estonia and Argentina, women scored slightly higher than men. Maybe because of this, many women have exchanged the role with their husband in family life. Helena Jamieson, 33, works a full-time job and her husband, Luke, 37, is a stay-at-home father. Helena said, \"I'm definitely the more intellectual person in the relationship and I'm at work full-time rising up the career ladder while he is raising our daughter.\" She added, \"In the past, men would look down on me, thinking that I was a woman and not as smart as them. But today, things have changed. I think women probably always know secretly deep down that they are the more intelligent ones-but as the gentler sex, we were just quiet about it in the past and let men believe that they ruled the world.\" \n Answer: Genetic differences.",
            "output": [
                "In the psychologists' view, what led to women getting lower scores than men in IQ tests?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d73ebc979eef4d9bba1d7c459f4473fc",
            "input": "Article: Learning to play a musical instrument can change your brain, with a US review finding musical training can lead to improved speech and foreign language skills. Although it was suggested in the past that listening to Mozart's music or other classical music could make you smarter, there has been little evidence to show that music can boost  brain power. But a data-driven review by Northwestern University has pulled reaserch together that links musical training to learning that spills over into   skills including language, speech, memory, attention and even vocal emotion. Researcher Nina Kraus said the data strongly suggested that the nervous connections made during musical training also prepared the brain for other aspects of human communication. \" The effect of musical training suggests that, like physical exercise and its effect on body fitness, music is a resource that tones the brain for _ fitness and thus requires society to re-examine the role of music in shaping individual development, \" the researchers said in their study. Kraus said learning musical sounds could improve the brain's ability to adapt and change and also enable the nervous system to provide constructing patterns that are important to learning. The study, published in Nature Review Neuroscience , looked at the explosion of research in recent years focusing on the effect of musical training on the nervous system which could have impacts for education. The study found that playing an instrument prepares the brain to choose what is related in a complex process that may involve reading or remembering a score, timing issues and coordination with other musicians. \n Answer: Musicians' improved skills.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5708e45d3f1249cd9cad14b113222ba2",
            "input": "Article: Last year, I met a little boy to whom my heart went out. He would talk to me every single day, and always seemed to have a smile on his face. His problem was that he stuttered   extremely badly when he tried to talk. It was really hard to understand what he was saying, although he loved to tell big tales! One morning, I was talking to the teachers who ran the school store. The boy stopped by and said hello to all of us. Afterwards they told me that the boy would stop every day to ask if they would be there the next day. But of course, he never had money to buy anything. I decided that I would get him a little something just as a surprise. So I picked out a pencil, a rubber, and a small notebook for just $1.00. I cannot describe the look on his face when I gave him the three little things. Then, without a stutter, he loudly said, \"Thank you so much!\" and just kept repeating, \"Thank you! Thank you!\" He gave me a big hug before going off to class. I was touched to see someone appreciate something that much. As he walked off, he was showing his new stuff to other kids walking to class. I have to say that I have never spent a dollar that would me an so much to me. \n Answer: Because he could never decide what to buy.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the boy never buy anything from the store?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d5c7039d97f4aa3983a1ede43d6c6ad",
            "input": "Article: As demand for power and fuel grows steadily in the coming decades, we must consider every possible energy source on hand if we're to meet the world's needs. And because clean natural gas is found in great plenty, there is little doubt that it will play a major role on the world energy stage in this century, much like oil did in the last. But, like oil, gas reserves are concentrated in just a few places in the world, usually far from where they're needed most. And that's only part of the challenge. The world has had well over 100 years to search for oil and to build the necessary facilities to bring it to market; the natural gas facilities, particularly when it comes to liquefied natural gas(LNG), are not nearly as developed. So what needs to be done? On the supply side, producing nations need policies that allow for better development of their natural gas in an open, stable business environment, not _ in which the rules of the game change without warning. The governments of consuming nations, on the other hand, must make policies for sustainable development to ensure they'll have enough supplies in the future. That means building the related facilities, including LNG stations. This, in turn, will require coastal areas to allow these necessary, but not necessarily pretty, facilities to be built in their backyards. And energy companies have a responsibility to be good neighbors in those areas by operating these facilities responsibly and safely. They must also continue to put in the billions of dollars needed to build the complex transport and storage facilities required to bring more gas to market. Expanding and diversifying energy sources by using more natural gas could lead to lower fuel prices and to greater energy security. We've taken some of the steps to get started, but we need your help to get the rest of the way. \n Answer: Natural gas facilities are far from satisfactory.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d543953c87c74022919de6a17a5b1852",
            "input": "Article: When you watch TV programs about wild animals, it is surprising to see how an antelope can escape a lion's attack. In the wilderness, everyone has a stunt. Even plants have their own ways of fighting off enemies. Over millions of years of evolution, plants have developed a unique defence system. Chemicals are wildly used for survival. By making their leaves, flowers, roots and fruits distasteful or poisonous  to enemies, plants can fight back. One such plant is the Golden Wattle tree. The British scientist David Cameron has found when an animal eats the tree's leaves, the amount of poison increases in the other leaves. \"It's like the damaged leaves telephoning the others telling them to fight together against the enemy, \" he said. The tree also sends defence messages to neighboring plants by giving out a special smell. Golden Wattle trees in the surrounding 45 meters will get the message and produce more poison within 10 minutes. Now, if an enemy eats too many of the trees' leaves, it will die. Every species of plant or tree is good at the production of a particular set of chemicals. A _ that can safely eat the leaves of one tree may be poisoned by its neighbor. In this way, plants have developed not only individual defence system, but also shared it with others. This makes it impossible for a single animal to destroy even a small area of forest. \n Answer: Plants Fight back with Poisons",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-972554b0c02b4048962a4e8379f48aba",
            "input": "Article: Spanish men will have to learn to change diapers and do dishwashing under the terms of a new law designed to strike a blow. The law, due to be passed this month, is likely to cause a revolution in family affairs in a country where 40% of men reportedly don't do housework at all. It will oblige men to \"share domestic responsibilities and the care and attention\" of children and elderly family members, according to the draft approved by the Spanish parliament's justice commission. \"This will be a good way of reminding people what their duties are. It is something feminists   have been wanting for a long time,\" said Margarita Uria, of the Basque Nationalist Party, who was behind what is an amendment to a new divorce law. Failure to meet the obligations will be taken into consideration by judges when determining the terms of divorces. Men who refuse to do their part may be given less frequent contact with their children. Spanish women spend five times longer on housework than husbands. Even when both have jobs outside the home, Spanish women still do three times as much work in the house. \"It is not just about housework, though,\" said Ms. Uria. A study five years ago by Spain's Center for Sociological Investigation concluded that fathers spent an average of 13 minutes each day looking after their children. Only 19 % of Spanish men thought it was right for mothers of school-age children to have a full-time job. More than a third thought mothers should not work outside the home at all. The Change to the Spanish legal code will see domestic obligations added to a list of marital  duties that currently includes fidelity, living together and helping one another. That should guarantee that, when the law--which will also make divorce proceedings faster and easier--is voted on in parliament in the next few weeks, the obligation to share domestic chores will be added to the statute books. \n Answer: 40%",
            "output": [
                "What is the percentage of Spanish men who don't do any housework?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8c1986995b14da4876977bf89f64622",
            "input": "Article: Government statistics recently showed that in the UK, more than 3,000 people a year experience electric shocks in their home. A smaller number of people are killed after contact with power lines outside the home. Electric shocks can cause a person's heart or breathing to stop, can also cause burns and are potentially fatal. It is essential for people to learn basic first aid techniques to deal with such emergencies. What to do? If you are the first person to reach someone who has had an electric shock, don't touch them! If they are still holding the appliance that has given them shock (e.g. a hair dryer), unplug it or turn off the power at its source. _  If you can't turn off the power, use a piece of wood, like a broom handle or a chair, to separate the victim from the appliance or the power source. You may even be able to do this with a folded newspaper. The victim must remain lying down. If they are unconscious, victims should be placed on their side. But they should not be moved if there is a possibility of neck or spine injuries unless it is absolutely necessary. It is essential to maintain the victim's body heat, so make sure you cover him or her with a blanket before you do anything else. If the victim is not breathing, apply mouth-to-mouth resuscitation . Keep the victim's head low until professional help arrives. If the electric shock has been caused by an external power line, the dangers to the victim and to anybody providing first aid are much greater. \n Answer: First aid emergency advice.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of passage is it?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-39c73d1b4260409db0604d08db8b7ec7",
            "input": "Article: When the recent research was analyzed , it was found that a lot of people wanted free pictures or free music from the Web. If it couldn't be free, then they wanted it \"new\" or at least at a low price. It seems that 70 percent of people aged 16 to 24 download music online but only 1 in 40 tracks are bought legally. Thus, some companies are planning to give all of their music away for free. The music will be totally free except that you will have to pay with your time by watching advertisements. This will be perfect for those who have lots of time but little money. The Web has encouraged a belief that things can be free, or at least very cheap. It seems that everyone is looking for a good deal on the Web. The desire for free objects is part of the nature of the Web because the Web is about self-service and self-service is all about being free, cheap, fast and convenient. It's interesting how words change their meaning. Stealing has now become file sharing, but it's not really stealing, is it? Free is a funny word. We all know that very little is really for free. If we go searching on the Web for free music, we know--or should know--that there are risks involved. However, it doesn't matter. We still want free things, or at least the sense that we're getting a real bargain and that at a minimum we're saving time. What can be the worst experience on the Web? A site that charges us high prices and wastes our time. \n Answer: The Web and the Culture of \" Free\"",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-955740fc48524173b1a2f990ea510d4d",
            "input": "Article: \"The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful,\" says Plato. Selfcontrol is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses   and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral   freedom. A single angry word has lost many a friend. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. _ \"Keep cool\", says George Herbert, \"for fierceness   makes error a fault.\" To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. \"Anger,\" says Pythagoras, \"brings with folly  and ends with regret.\" You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him. Selfcontrol is man's last greatest victory. If a man lacks selfcontrol he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no selfconfidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks selfcontrol, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also. \n Answer: If you are mad, you will be punished by the gods.",
            "output": [
                "What is the correct interpretation of \"Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-de5ceb2267a8415a959202e16d8e7fa1",
            "input": "Article: A winter wonderland on the outskirts of Quebec City has become one of Canada's hottest attractions and most sought out accommodations. Guests stay close for warmth in sleeping bags on beds of ice, hats pulled over their ears to prevent frostbite, while sipping cocktails   in glasses also made of ice. A cool place to host a memorable wedding or for a romantic getaway, the Quebec Ice Hotel has attracted 600,000 curious tourists, including 30,000 who stayed overnight, since opening seasonally 11 years ago. Like Victoria and Jeremy Martin, dozens of couples will exchange vows   this winter in a temporary church next to the hotel, made entirely from blocks of ice with seats covered in furs. Average temperatures fall below minus 20 degrees C (minus four F) in winter, but inside the hotel's 36 rooms it is relatively comfortable. Thick walls of packed snow and ice act as an _ , trapping body heat inside. Each room is uniquely decorated, using designs created by Quebec architecture students. Two hotel bars also sell special cocktails in ice glasses. First-time guests of the hotel, however, are recommended to stay only one night as sleeping in sub-zero temperatures is not very refreshing. This year for the first time the ice hotel has teamed up with a brick and concrete Quebec City hotel to offer packages  for one-night accommodations at each. Prices for one night only at the ice hotel start at 200 US dollars per person. The 3,000-square-metre (32,300-square-feet) buildings take six weeks starting in December to build, using 15,000 tons of snow and 500 tons of ice, at a cost of some 750,000 US dollars. Eleven weeks after its seasonal grand opening, the hotel will close on March 27 and then melt away with the arrival of spring. \n Answer: Wedding ceremonies are often held there.",
            "output": [
                "What is true with the ice hotel?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87e67b6872564bb0a871642bab4ac72c",
            "input": "Article: The blue tits  have been inspecting the nest-box again this year. The male is the house-hunter but the female will make the final choice. He lands at the hole and turns his head to expose his white cheeks as a signal to attract the female from where she has been feeding. Among many birds that nest in holes, the male has a light-coloured patch on its plumage  which acts as signal for drawing the female's attention to a suitable nesting-place. Unlike the blue tit, the redstart  may be only the male that strikingly coloured and the female is not beautiful. A few years ago I was lucky enough to spot a pair of redstarts in action in a Walsh wood. The male was leading an interested female to holes that he had previously  checked out. He sat at the entrance of each hole and put his head on to show off his white forehead, or his head in to reveal  his tail. If the female failed to react to his visual signals, the male sometimes sang for extra effect, while gliding towards her on spread wings and tail. Once the female accepts by following the male through the hole the displays stop, you must be at the right place at the right time to watch them. \n Answer: The female chooses their nest.",
            "output": [
                "How do the blue tits choose their nest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e8138966fdec4cedbb21ebb887706cb3",
            "input": "Article: Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page. (You may read the questions first.) jaguar: n. a type of large, yellow-colored cat with black markings found in the southwestern region of the U. S. and in Central and South America. jargon: 1. n. speech that doesn't make sense. 2. n. an unknown language that seems strange or impossible to understand. 3. n. a language made up of two or more other languages: His jargon was a mixture of French and English. 4. n. the special vocabulary of a field or profession: Her report on computers was filled with jargon. jaunt: 1. n. a trip taken for fun. 2. v. to go on a brief pleasant trip: We jaunted to the country last Saturday. javelin: 1. n. a spear most commonly used as weapon or in hunting. 2. n. a lightweight metal or wooden spear that is thrown in track-and-field contests. 3. n. the contest in which a javelin is thrown. 4. v. to strike, as with a javelin. jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang empty talk. 4. ad. of or like jazz: a jazz band, jazz records. Jennet: n. a small Spanish horse. \n Answer: Definition 2",
            "output": [
                "Which meaning of the word javelin is used in the sentence below?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe5afe411600454a8a4b46428ed3396e",
            "input": "Article: Summer cools down in August when the city features a lot of jazz to send excitement to any music fan. Beginning August 28, the city hosts a week of jazz performances in a variety of places. This year's annual Jazz Festival in Grant Park will offer a \"tribute to New Orleans\" with performers from the city, honoring the birthplace of Jazz. Jazz fans who want to be part of the week-long celebration can start with a free concert at Millennium Park's famous Pritzker Pavilion on Monday, August 28 at 6:30 pm.     * Other events will include:     Tuesday, August 29 -- the Jazz Institute of Chicago presents the Fourth Annual Gala Concert.    Wednesday, August 30 -- Heat up Wednesday night with a ride to the best jazz hot spots and learn a bit of history of the genre   with the Jazz Institute's Jazz Club Tour, which starts at 6 pm until midnight. For one low price, visit more than a dozen Jazz Clubs. The tour covers nearly every inch of Chicago.     *The Chicago Jazz Festival Officially opens with a ticketed performance at the Symphony Center on Thursday, August 31. Then, the festival moves to Grant Park on Friday, September 1, for three days of free music on three stages. The event opens daily at 11 am. * Performance hours are: Jazz on Jackson Stage 12 pm -- 4:30 pm. Jazz & Heritage Family Stage 12:30 pm -- 4:30 pm. Petrillo Music Shell 5 pm -- 9:30 pm.     * In addition to the music, the Chicago Jazz Festival features an art fair lying in the rose garden just south of Jackson. The fair offers all kinds of handmade crafts and artwork. \n Answer: Jazz Club Tour.",
            "output": [
                "What is special for the Chicago Jazz Festival this year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e5df0f4dbcf84ab9be7ab518c345eb10",
            "input": "Article: Almost a decade ago, the federal government dropped $10 million for an Earth-monitoring satellite that never made it into space. Today it sits in a closet in Maryland. Cost to taxpayers for storing it: $1 million a year. And _ . Who knows what's in the rest of them? Because we think the government should be held to at least the same standards as a publicly traded company, and because as taxpayers, we're America's shareholders, we performed an audit  of sorts of the federal books. We're not economists, but we do have common sense. We tried to get help from Congressional staffers from both parties, as well as various watchdog groups and agencies. In the end, we found that the federal government wastes nearly $1 trillion every year. That's roughly equal to the amount collected annually by the Internal Revenue Service in personal income taxes. Put another way, it's also equal to about one-third of the country's $2.9 trillion total annual budget. And reclaiming that lost trillion could help wipe out the country's annual budget deficit , improve education, and provide health insurance for those who don't have it. So how do you define \"waste\"? David Walker of the Government Accountability Office (GAO), a federal watchdog agency, calls it \"the government's failure to give taxpayers the most for their money.\" For our part, we used the kind of household test you would use on a piece of meat sitting in your refrigerator: If it smells rotten, it's waste. Our government regularly pays for products and services it never gets, wildly overpays companies to do things it could do more cheaply itself, loses money outright due to lax accounting and oversight, and spends money randomly on unnecessary programs. How exactly does the federal government waste your hard-earned tax dollars? We've identified what we consider ten of the worst ways. \n Answer: Annoyed.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can best describe the feeling of the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-155e74a38f6048f0a496c0b7aaace098",
            "input": "Article: At Harton College--an English boarding school for boys--there are many rules. 15-year-old Bob Sanders often breaks them. The boys can go into the town in the afternoon after class. But they must return to the school at six o'clock. One afternoon Bob walked to the town. He looked at the shops and then went to the cinema. When the film was over, it was after eight o'clock. He was a little worried. He walked back to prefix = st1 /HartonCollegeas fast as possible. When he arrived, he ran quickly to the main entrance. It was locked. He went round the school . uilding to another door, which was locked, too. He looked up at the window of his dormitory on the third floor. The window was open, but it was quite dark and he could not climb up the wall easily. Then he saw another open window on the ground floor. It was the window of the headmaster's study. He looked into the room--no one was there. Bob quickly climbed onto the window sill and jumped into the room. Just then he heard a noise. Then someone turned on a light in the corridor. Bob looked around and then hid under the sofa. One minute later, Mr. Mannering, the headmaster, came in. He turned on the light on his desk, and sat down on the sofa. Then he opened a book and began to read. Bob lay under the sofa as quietly as possible. He couldn't move. The floor was cold and uncomfortable. He looked at the headmaster's shoes and socks for an hour. \"Why doesn't he get up and go to bed?\" Bob thought. Mr. Mannering read his book for another hour. Finally, the headmaster closed his book and stood up. He put the book on a shelf and walked towards the door. \"Thank heavens he didn't find me under the sofa,\" thought Bob. Then Mr. Mannering stopped and spoke towards the sofa. \"Would you turn off the light when you leave?\" He said, and left the study. \n Answer: Because the wall was too high for him to climb up.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't Bob go to his dormitory?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-02c40830238c4abea53866dcd29a1103",
            "input": "Article: James Proud, a British businessman who settled in San Francisco launched a Twitter campaign called \"Stop DST\". Daylight Saving Time (DST) refers to the time during the summer when clocks are one hour ahead of standard time. \"Daylight saving was created to save energy, and it doesn't really do that.\" Proud said, \"but what's even worse are its negative health effects. It's both outdated and harmful.\" daylight saving has been linked to a surprising number of health issues such as heart attacks, but Proud has a particular interest in the topic because of its disruptive  effects on sleep. Last year, German researchers suggested that our body cocks never really adjust t daylight saving, which causes a host of health problems. Till Roenneberg of Ludwig-Maximillians University said that because of DST, \"the majority of the population has severely decreased productivity, decreased quality of life, increasing chance of getting illness, and is just plain tired.\" The week after daylight saving also witnesses a sudden increase in fatal traffic accidents, according to the University of Colorado. It is believed that this is caused both by disrupted sleep schedules and the shift of daylight hours from the morning to the evening. \"Daylight saving is an economic tradition. And all economic choices involve achieving a balance. \" said behavioral economist David Gerard. \"Even if we decide to abolish daylight saving, there would be a large number of unhappy people.\" Some such people are shift works, students and parents of schoolchildren, all of whom get to enjoy an extra hour of daylight after work or class with DST. Plus, restaurants love the extra evening sales DST allows. Daylight saving has also been linked to lower crime rates, due to the \"deterrent effect\" of longer daylight. Basically, more light increase a criminal's chances of being seen by witnesses or police, which discourages criminal activity. Gerard also point out that an extra hour of daylight has vastly more influence in the American South, where the sun sets earlier, even in the summer, than in the north. That's why residents of southern states may values DST more. \n Answer: DST resulting in disorder in people's sleep schedule",
            "output": [
                "What causes Proud's greatest concern?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3b995972526549748c4924410aaf313a",
            "input": "Article: Animals are not always animals. Some of them will try to cheat or cow some others in the way the human beings often do. Here is a fairy tale from Aesop for you to enjoy. An eagle made her nest at the top of a high tree while a cat, having found a convenient hole, moved into the middle of the trunk, and at the same time a wild pig, with her young took shelter in a hollow at its foot. The cat then decided to make all serve her in her wise way. To carry out her design, she climbed to the nest of the eagle, saying, \"Destruction is preparing for you and for me too, unfortunately. The wild pig, whom you see daily digging up the earth, wishes to uproot the tree, so she may on its fall seize our families as food for her young.\" Having thus frightened the eagle out of her senses, she crept down to the cave of the pig, saying, \"Your children are in great danger, for as soon as you go out to find food, the eagle is prepared to jump upon one of your little pigs.\" Having filled these fears into the pig, she went and pretended to hide herself in the hollow of the tree. When night came she went out silently and obtained food for herself and her children, but pretending to be afraid, she kept a lookout all through the day. Meanwhile, the eagle, full of fear of the pig, sat still on the branches, and the pig, terrified by the eagle, did not dare to go out from her cave. Thus they both, along with their families, starved from hunger, and afforded good food for the cat and her children. \n Answer: Her family would be eaten by the wild pig.",
            "output": [
                "What was the eagle afraid of?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-05347faf5b6b4a10ab89ea1bec5b1a03",
            "input": "Article: Here is some information from a tourist guide to Patapsco Valley state Park Maryland, USA. Wildlife and Nature Appreciation While visiting Patapsco Valley State Park, you will see a variety of natural habitats. Throughout spring and fall, dogwoods, maples, redbuds, and many varieties of wildflowers color the forest. This park is also home to many small mammals and birds. If you pause during your journey through tile forest, you are likely to see rabbits, grey squirrels, and red foxes. Along the banks of tile river, birdwatchers will spot Canada geese and wood ducks all year round Fishing The Patapsco River meanders through the park and is a popular attraction for anglers  . The Department of Natural Resources' Fisheries Service assigns the river as a put-and-take fishery  with adult rainbow and brown trout in spring and fall. Anglers also enjoy catching naturally reproducing smallmouth and largemouth bass, bluegill, redbreast sunfish and yellow perch. Fishing opportunities have been specially set aside at Lost Lake for youth under 16 and seniors 62 years of age and older. This area is also designed for anglers with disabilities. Trails Adventure seekers will enjoy hiking, mountain biking and horseback riding on the park's popular trail system. More than 17 miles of challenging and rough single track trails follow the ridges, steep hillsides and stream valleys in the park. These trails are also excellent gateways for wildlife viewing, bird watching and general nature appreciation. Please respect the rights of nearby private property owners by using only blazed   trails. Remember that the park is a natural area with certain dangers, such as poison ivy, slippery trail surfaces, insects, etc.  You are responsible for having the necessary skills, knowledge and equipment for a safe visit. Discover History Along the Trail Enter another time as you explore Patapsco's trails. Layer upon layer of history tells the story of man's interaction with nature. Native American hunted, gathered and fished here for centuries. In the 1700s, the valley became one of the earliest sites for America's Industrial Revolution. Early settlers cut down trees for charcoal used to fire iron furnaces . The river's current was dammed and channeled to power iron, paper, grain and textile mills  . Towns and tobacco farms were established throughout the valley. \n Answer: A 30 - year - old woman without disability",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is forbidden to fish at Lost Lake?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c80700bd8945498a8f1c4990c948d6f1",
            "input": "Article: A good way to practice your writing and be recognized by professionals and scholars is to enter writing contests. There are a variety of different writing contests open to teens who enjoy writing essays, fictional stories, poems and other written pieces. Creative communication Essay Contest The Creative Communication Essay Contest is sponsored by Creative Communication, an organization which promotes and encourages creative writing in students. The contest is open to students in grades four to 12. To enter, submit an original , non-fiction essay of 100 to 300 words on a topic of your choice. The contest is held three times a year with a fall deadline in October, a spring deadline in February and a summer deadline in July. Winners are chosen each time, one in each of the three divisions--grades 4-6, 7-9 and 10-12. American Library of Student Poetry Contest The American Library of Student Poetry Contest is open to students in grades three to 12. To enter, submit an original poem of 20 lines or less. Poems are judged on originality, creativity and artistic quality, and submissions are accepted throughout the year, with the winners being announced in September. First-,second- and third-place winners are chosen within each of the four grade categories, grades 3-5,6-7, 8-9, 10-12. YCteen Essay Contest The YCteen Essay Contest is hosted by YCteen, a life style magazine for teens. The contest is open to American teens , ages 14to19, and is held twice a year with the first deadline being in October and the second in December. To enter, submit an original, non-fiction essay of about 800 words answering a given essay question. Past questions have focused on issues such as climate change and activism. All winning entries will be published on the YCteen website and in the print version of the magazine. Scholastic Art & Writing Awards The Scholastic Art & Writing Awards is an art and creative writing contest hosted and sponsored by a group of more than 100 literary art organizations across the United States. The contest is open to teens in grades seven to 12 going to school in the United States and American schools abroad . Pieces can be submitted to any of 28 available categories, including humor, poetry, critical essays, journalism and more. Submissions are accepted starting in September, and the deadline ranges from December to January depending on your region. \n Answer: Winners are chosen within each grade category.",
            "output": [
                "In what way is the American Library of Student Poetry Contest different from the other writing contests?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df64a0283c4548089c9eabc6a310d0b1",
            "input": "Article: In Sonoma County, California, growers are planting grapevines in a new way. As they plant the vines, they add a package of water called DRiWATER. This method of planting grapevines along with the water supply saves time and work. It gives the plant enough water to keep growing. The workers can go on to other chores. DRiWATER is a package of jelled   water. It melts slowly, watering the plant for two or three months. DRiWATER is a 100% natural, non-poisonous product used for the long-term watering of plants. It was invented by a well-known food chemist who recognized the potential of a filler product he was using to thicken peanut butter. He tested and applied his theory that water could be released over time as naturally occurring microbes   in the soil fed on the filler and released the water into the soil. The inventor, Harold Jensen, tried for a long time to get the right recipe. He and his family worked nights and weekends testing different formulas. Jensen finally found the right formula and patented it. What are the ingredients in DRiWATER? It is made up of 97.85% water, 2% vegetable gum, and 0.15% aluminum sulfate. When the DRiWATER is planted in the soil, the water is released as bacteria eat the jell. Buchanan Vineyard Services has bought ten thousand packages of DRiWATER. They will plant the jelled water with their new grapevines. What about countries like Egypt that have large deserts? Maybe DRiWATER will help grow trees in the desert. Two million trees have been planted near a town in the Sahara Desert. Two quarts were planted with each tree. The tree must live on the water for months until its roots touch ground water. Harold Jensen hopes to see forests spring up in the deserts. This is the reason that he invented DRiWATER. Seedlings, DRiWATER, and desert may be the perfect fit. \n Answer: He made it with the help of his family.",
            "output": [
                "How did Harold Jensen invent DRiWATER?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-584a5994473c4e23acf30deb1c08fff4",
            "input": "Article: Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been made illegal. But one popular form continues to exist, that is alphabetism  . This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. It has long been known that the cars of a taxi firm called AAAA have a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers look through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbot has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a quite large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American presidents and vice-presidents have surnames starting with B and  C separately and 26 of those before George Bush took office (including his father ) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The world's three top central bankers ( Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami)are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. The same case are the world's five richest men ( Gates, Buffet and so on) . Can this merely happen by chance? At the start of the first year in primary school, teachers seat pupils, alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So shortsighted and small-sized Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is seldom asked the improving questions by those teachers. At that time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly. The unfairness continues. At university graduation parties, the ABCs proudly get their awards first. However, by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are a little tired. Lists of job interviews and conference speakers and attendees all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their readers lose interest as they plough through them. \n Answer: Some disadvantages of Zodiac cars in the taxi firm.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author intend to show with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-33f63334282744918ba38ebbb834e2b3",
            "input": "Article: Long long ago, there lived in England a king named Midas. He was a greedy  man and loved gold  better than anything else in the world. One day, he asked a god to give him more gold. The god decided to punish him and said, \"Your wish is _ already. Everything you touch will turn to gold.\" Midas was very happy when he heard this. The next morning, he got up early to test his skills. When he touched his bed, it turned to gold. \"Gold!\" cried Midas, laughing like a little boy, \"It works.\" Not only stones, flowers, and the furniture in his house turned to gold, but, when he sat down to table, so did the food he ate and the water he drank. He was unhappy now. Just then his daughter ran up to him. Midas touched her hand. At once she became a gold statue ! A last, he begged the god to free him from his wish. \"Go to the river and bathe in it.\" said the god. So Midas did, and the water took away his golden touch. \n Answer: India",
            "output": [
                "Where did the king live?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e56b402ddeb04617b8ff64d5cb4b242f",
            "input": "Article: When McKenna Pope, 13, went shopping for a Christmas gift for her little brother, she planned to buy him an Easy-Bake Oven, a toy that allows kids to bake treats. Her brother, Gavyn Boscio, 4, loves to cook. But McKenna changed her mind when she discovered that Hasbro, the toy company that produces the popular oven, only makes the toy in purple and pink--and only features girls on the box and in commercials. So instead of buying an oven, McKenna cooked up another plan. She started a campaign to get Hasbro to make a gender-neutral oven. \"I don't want them to make a boys' Easy-Bake Oven and a girls' Easy-Bake Oven,\" McKenna, from Garfield, New Jersey, told the Associated Press. \"I want them to make an Easy-Bake Oven for kids.\"    The Easy-only Bake Oven was first introduced in 1963. At the time, the stereotype was that only women cooked. Today, that's changed, in part thanks to famous male chefs like, Bobby Flay, who used an Easy-Bake Oven when he was a kid. Over the years, Hasbro says the company has featured boys on the packaging and offered the product in several different color1 schemes. But this year, just the purple and pink model is available. McKenna wants that to change, and she's not alone. Her petition , posted on change.org, has received more than 45,000 signatures.    By next summer, McKenna should have her wish. On December 17, Hasbro invited the New Jersey teen and her family to their headquarters in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, to meet with the Easy-Bake Oven team. They showed her a prototype, or model, of their newest Easy-Bake Oven, which is scheduled to hit stores in 2013. The new color1 scheme is black, silver and blue. The company also told McKenna they plan to feature boys in ads.    McKenna was happy with what she saw at Hasbro. \"They really met most or even all of what I wanted them to, and they really amazed me,\" McKenna said. She added that Gavyn thought the new design was \"awesome\". \n Answer: Relaxed.",
            "output": [
                "How did McKenna probably feel when she found out what kind of oven Hasbro produces? ks5u"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f18561e26c5b488e9a89cb0c3ef827b5",
            "input": "Article: A well-known manufacturer of weighing machines produced a new model. The machine had a computer inside it, and this computer could do wonderful things: it could weigh people very accurately; it could tell them their weight in their own language; and it could tell them what they should eat to reduce their weight. The manufacturer decided to try out his machine before he sold it to the shops. He looked around for a good place to put it and finally decided on an airport. There were always people at an airport from many different countries. The first person to use the machine was an Italian woman. She stood on the machine, put a coin in and waited to hear her weight. The machine took only a second or two to weigh her, decide on her nationality and the language she spoke, and figure out what kind of food she should eat. \"Good morning, madam,\" it said in perfect Italian. \"Your weight is 72 kilos, three more than it should be for a woman of your height, age and nationality. This is because you have been eating too much spaghetti. I suggest you eat more fruit and vegetables. Please have a nice day\". The second person to use the machine was a Chinese girl. She stood on the machine, put a coin in and waited to hear her weight. \"Good morning, Miss,\" the machine said in perfect Chinese. \"Your weight is 38 kilos, exactly the correct weight for your height, age and nationality. Continue to eat what you are eating. Please have a nice day.\" The third person to use the machine was a huge Australian woman. She walked up to the machine and looked at it for a long time. At last she found the courage to stand on the machine and put a coin in. The machine spoke immediately.  \"Good morning. Will one of you ladies please get off?\" \n Answer: Weigh and talk to people.",
            "output": [
                "What could the computer do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11f3eff4f0754c81a4b4c1cefd0cd93c",
            "input": "Article: The Ice Hotel Are you going into skiing? Is winter your favorite time of year? If you like snow and ice, maybe you should stay at Ice Hotel in Quebec, Canada. But, you can only check in at this hotel during the winter. Why ? Because this hotel is built every December. It has 32 rooms and 80 people can stay there each night. The hotel even has a movie theatre, art gallery, and church. Of course, all of these parts of the hotel are made of ice. In fact, all the furniture, art, lights, and even plates and drinking glasses are made out of ice. Because this hotel is so unusual, it is becoming very popular. People from all over the world come to the Ice Hotel to look at the fantastic ice art, drink and eat from designed ice dishes and experience the unique atmosphere  . Some couples have even got married in the hotel's ice church. But all these guests keep their winter coats on! Because of all the ice, the temperature inside the hotel is always between - 2oC and - 5oC. Surprisingly, sleeping is not a problem in the freezing cold hotel rooms. Every guest gets a special cold-weather sleeping bag and some fur blankets. These keep the room cozy and warm until morning. \n Answer: What makes the Ice Hotel special",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of this reading?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0a2dccb5f0f84a2fb7e2f8ca2737a4f2",
            "input": "Article: The Segway Human Transporter was invented by Dean Kamen.It is a two-wheeled vehicle designed for a single rider standing upright over its single axle  and navigate using a set of handlebars resembling those on a bicycle.Electrically powered, it could travel over 15 miles on a single charge and reach speeds up to twelve miles per hour.Its speed and direction can be controlled by riders' changing their weights. A college dropout and self-taught engineer, Kamen already held over 100 patents for his inventions when he developed the one he hoped would revolutionize short-distance travel.While still in college, Kamen started developing the medical devices   that made his name.Later, he changed focus to the challenges faced by wheelchair users.His robotic wheelchair known as IBOT could climb stairs.This robot ended up paving the way for the Segway. Before showing his most recent invention, Kamen had kept it a top secret for months.When it turned out to be little more than a motor scooter, many publicly expressed their disappointment.On closer examination, however, even his critics  had to admit that the vehicle was an engineering achievement.It answered the prayers of anyone who is worn out when walking downtown.Not everyone welcomed the Segway's arrival, though.Some complained it was too expensive, while others said it would further weaken the average American ' s fitness.A Japanese inventor even accused Kamen of stealing the idea for the Segway from him. Despite the controversy, the U.S.postal service began using Kamen's invention a month after its appearance, and a factory was built with plans to produce about 40,000 Segways every month.The argument is still on whether the Segway will be remembered as the greatest invention since the light bulb, or just another forgettable electronic device.Anyway, trips to the local supermarket will never be the same again. \n Answer: Disappointing, but still a successful device.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement best describes the critics' reaction to the Segway?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76cddb7c40f24b7c9331148d7edaf537",
            "input": "Article: With just a few minutes left before school was to start, my six-year-old, Dustin, was crying. \"I don't want to go,\" he said. Ever since he'd entered first grade, he had hated school. What's going on? If he hates school this much now, how bad will it be later on? Every kid sometimes complains about school. But five to ten percent of kids dislike it so much they don't want to attend. \"If a child seems worried or anxious about school, pretends illness to stay home, or refuses to talk about things of the school day, you should be concerned,\" says a school psychologist, Michael Martin. Fortunately, you can usually solve the problem--sometimes very easily. In our case, my husband and I visited Dustin's class and noticed that the teacher, just out of college, called only on kids who sat right under her nose. Dustin, who often sat near the back, was ignored . We simply told him to move up front. He did, and he was happy again. \n Answer: She felt worried.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel when her son didn't want to go to school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a0b87dc0a8704120987cc284f9caecf2",
            "input": "Article: Today, when a fire breaks out, you can be sure a citizen with a  cell-phone camera has posted it to Facebook or Twitter, or sent it to  the media.But up to now, that citizen has not been able to easily  send images and details of what is happening to the people who  need it most: police, firefighters and building-security people who must respond, and whose ability to help is often measured in minutes, if not seconds.  That's about to change.A one-year old company called Elerts has developed a system that's designed to mobile and social technologies to speed the flow of information between citizens and emergency workers in time of danger.The system involves free mobile applications--iPhone and iPad app  is available now--that eyewitnesses can use to report incidents and get public-safety warnings.And Elerts is offering a management console  for security firms and universities to receive the reports and distribute warnings and instructions, like a map with the best evacuation route  . The service is the brainchild of Chris Russo, deputy fire chief in the coastal town of Hull, Mass.As mobile communications sped up, he grew increasingly frustrated by his inability to communicate effectively with colleagues and the public, particularly with people who are at the scene and might be able to provide help. \"Remembering situations when communications failed  _ ,\" Mr.Russo says.Last summer, he was in a search at a beach for a missing boy, who went into a bathhouse but didn't come out.First responders feared an abduction   on the beach or shark attack.The child's mother, who didn't speak English well, was so sad that she couldn't remember what color1 shorts he had on.Mr.Russo had no photo of the child, and no ability to turn to beachgoers. Two long hours later, the boy was spotted by a low-flying helicopter lost and alone on the beach crying--a lucky break.\"If 5 percent of beachgoers had an app to receive a message and send in sightings of a lost boy, the happy ending might have come much sooner,\" Mr.Russo said. \n Answer: An app for reporting emergency.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2822913dd6b442dc8cf4523dfe3ba84a",
            "input": "Article: Our children grew up on peanut butter and jelly   sandwiches. Even my husband and I sometimes ate one secretly at late night with a glass of milk. It was too delicious and tasty. My mother-in-law was the jelly maker in this family. The jelly was made of either grape or blackberry. The only job I did to the jelly making was to save baby food jars  , which my mother-in-law would fill with the tasty gel  , pack them up and send back to our home. For the past 22 years of my married life, whenever I wanted to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for ourselves, all I had to do was reach for one of those little jars of jelly. It was always there. This past December, my mother-in-law passed away. Among the things in the house to be divided by her children were the remaining canned goods in the pantry  . When my husband brought his jars home, we carefully put them away in our pantry. The other day I reached in there to get jelly for a quick sandwich, and there _ was. Sitting all alone on the far side of the shelf was a small jar of grape jelly. As I picked up the jar, I suddenly realized something that I had failed to see earlier-this was the last jar we would ever have from my mother-in-law. Although she had been dead for nearly a year, so much of her had remained with us. Our children had never known a day without their grandmother's jelly. It seems like such a small thing, and most days it was something that was ignored. But today it seemed a great treasure. No longer was it just a jar of jelly. It was the end of a family tradition. I believed that as long as it was there, a part of my mother-in-law would always live on. \n Answer: Because it was very delicious and nice.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the couple eat the jelly secretly at late night?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d608f215bcea4901aee7df76273c879e",
            "input": "Article: While IQ (Intelligence Quotient) tells you how smart you are. EQ (Emotional Quotient) tells you how well you use your smartness. Professor Salovery, the psychologist who created the term, EQ, says that it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted. Supported by his research, he suggested that when predicting future successes, a person's brainpower, as measured by IQ tests, might actually matter less than a person's character, or EQ. Professor Salovery may be correct. For example, have you ever wondered why some of the best and smartest students in your class end up failing exams? Perhaps it is because of their EQ. People often make the mistake of thinking that EQ is the opposite of IQ. It is not. Although it is hoped that people have both high EQs and IQs, there is little doubt that those with low EQs have a hard time surviving in life. For a long time, researchers discussed if a person's IQ could be raised. The geneticists said no, while the social scientists said yes. Furthermore, the social scientists said that it was possible to improve a person's EQ, particularly in terms of \"people skills\", such as understanding and communication. Recently, a professor released the findings of a study on senior high school students. When some normal students were introduced to some disabled students, they found that afterwards they were more willing to help people in difficulties. At the same time, there was a marked change in the disabled students' attitudes. They became more positive about their disabilities and were more eager to try new things. People with high EQs often have positive attitudes towards life and are open to different ideas, so they tend to be more creative in their thinking. Please remember that having a high IQ is helpful but having a high EQ might even be more helpful. \n Answer: A person's character.",
            "output": [
                "According to Professor Salovery, what factor matters the most in predicting whether a person will be successful or not?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a0f8ab36f5f64a85a384a0f01da2e8e4",
            "input": "Article: Want to be a volunteer for Beijing Olympics in 2008? Recently, the recruiting started. The recruiting of Beijing Olympics Volunteer starts from Aug 28, 2006 to end of March 2008. Stage 1: Beijing Volunteers From August 28, 2006, the program opens to applicants in Beijing (and Beijing only). Stage 2: China Volunteers From Dec, 2006, people from outside Beijing can submit their application. Stage 3: Overseas Volunteers By March 2007, people from outside China (including in other countries) can apply for volunteering in Olympics 2008. The Program Travel, hotel are not provided. Only working meal is available for volunteers (makes sense, isn't it?) If you have any questions, just call Olympics Volunteer hotline: +86-10-12308 According to news, 100k college students have applied for the position after three days of recruiting. 50,000 to 100,000 volunteers are needed for the game. If you want to participate, just call the number and ask more questions about the program. However, my guess is, to be admitted to the program is not easy. \n Answer: Dongdong from Yunnan.",
            "output": [
                "Who has the most time to apply for volunteering in Olympics 2008 ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fff6a63271d347ec949499a60529b61a",
            "input": "Article: Do you ever run out of great books to read? So what should I read next? Is fast-paced crime fiction your thing? Try the new Patricia Cornwell book, (Putnam). She is such an able writer and handles complex forensic  intelligence with ease. You need to be prepared, though, for the world you're entering-- , let's say. If peace is more your thing, try Mary Pipher's wonderful new book, Chronicles of the Worst Buddhist in the World (Riverhead). Mary is a lovely, comfortable writer who takes the reader through her personal awakening after reputation and fortune came her way. Even if you've never experienced life as a bestselling writer (as she has done, in her book years back, ), you'll totally understand and sympathize with her renewed need for privacy, distance and quiet. What if you want a straightforward, totally thrilling read with vivid characters, set about World War II? You cannot go wrong with Jim Lehrer's new novel, (Random House), about a young Marine whose life is changed forever when he meets a woman on his way to war. His relationship with her lasts him through danger and hardship, and there's an impressive ending. See our interview with the productive novelist/newsman in the current issue of Reader's Digest (March, on stands now), by the way, for insight into the very talented Mr. Lehrer and what interests him. Well, what about something wickedly funny and totally offbeat? Does the name Carrie Fisher do anything for you? Try her vivid and new life in Hollywood and elsewhere, (Simon & Schuster). Be prepared for humor as sharp as knives. \n Answer: She can help you achieve writing skills.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true of Mary Pipher?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c79c14a6f9f43a18da9366eb50d38e5",
            "input": "Article: My wife and I have always been friendly with the clerks at the local store. I don't think many people appreciate what a difficult job these clerks have. They work for a little money and I often wonder how they make ends meet. One of the clerks, Charlie, was always wearing his glasses but he didn't one day. I asked him about it and he said they'd been out of order and that he couldn't afford a new pair. His family needed money. It was clear that he was having a difficult time. We wanted to help him, so we turned to our own eye doctor for help with a plan. We had his secretary contact him, asking him to come in for an eye exam for free. We told the doctor to let him order whatever glasses he wanted and that we would pay for them. Although Charlie questioned what was going on, the doctor just told him that someone had offered the money for his new glasses. When we went in to pay the bill, the doctor told us he was touched by our idea so that he _ the exam fee and only charged us for half the price of the glasses! It was so wonderful to see Charlie in his new glasses and he enjoyed telling all the regular customers how the gift came about. I'm sure that upon hearing his story, ideas of kindness may have come in the minds of many people. \n Answer: He forgot to wear his glasses.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the clerk Charlie wear glasses one day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af8834d44bb04885ae8bfec5a1606488",
            "input": "Article: The Hampton Inn Boone hotel is in the attractive Blue Ridge Mountains, just minutes from four ski areas. Our hotel is less than three miles from Appalachian State University, Boone Mall, and Boone Golf Club. Within those same three miles, you can eat at the historic Dan'l Boone Inn, Makoto's Japanese Steakhouse and many others. Guest Accommodations Hampton Inn is a value-priced hotel. Here you'll find clean, fresh, comfortable rooms standard with a coffee maker, iron and ironing board, and wonderful in-room movie channel. Enjoy good local calls and no surcharge  for using a calling card. Guests also enjoy the following items: high speed internet access in every room, wireless internet access in the lobby   and public areas, coffee and tea in the lobby 24 hours a day, and USA Today(R) copies (available from Monday to Friday). prefix = st1 /Hamptonalso offers a 24-hour front desk, message and fax service. If you're not 100% satisfied, we don't expect you to pay. That's our promise.Directions & Transportation From Hwy 221 S. - Follow 221 S. to Newland and make a left on to Hwy 105 at entrance to GrandfatherMountain. The hotel is 15 miles on the right. From Hwy 321N --Follow 321 N. into Boone. Turn left onto Hwy 105 at the Wendy's. The hotel is one block down on the left. From Hwy 321S - Turn right onto Hwy 105. The hotel is one block on left.   Hotel Policies: Check-In: 3:00PM / heck-Out: 11:00AM  Pets: No Pets Allowed \n Answer: Hwy105",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following Hwys is closest to the Hampton Inn Boone hotel?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f453ed51428b4b4f96b09ca1f1c9a7b4",
            "input": "Article: In a new picture book, a 66-year-old Beijinger recaptures the capital's Lunar New Year traditions for children. In the Chinese lunar calendar, the 23rd day of the 12th lunar month, which falls on Feb 11 this year, is the \"Little Chinese New Year\". Traditionally, people will set off firecrackers to bid farewell to the Kitchen God who returns to Heaven to report the activities of every household over the past year to the Jade Emperor. However, such customs have lessened with time in the city and might seem unfamiliar to children nowadays. In order to preserve traditions for the next generation, Yu Dawu, a 66-year-old painter, recently published a picture book, Spring Festival in Beijing, for children to see how people used to celebrate the Chinese New Year. Based on an essay by Lao She (1899-1966), one of the most significant writers in modern Chinese literature, the picture book starts from the first holiday, La Ba, the eighth day of the 12th lunar month of the past year, when tradition says people should eat _ made of eight ingredients to bring good fortune in the coming year. It concludes with the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month of the new year, which marks the end of the Spring Festival. In the book, Yu creates a local family of four who live in an ordinary quadrangle courtyard, and readers follow the family as it celebrates the festival traditions. \"I am an old Beijinger, so when I was drawing and painting for this book, the memories of childhood rushed into my mind,\" recalls Yu at a book-sharing party earlier this week. \n Answer: Spring Festival in Beijing",
            "output": [
                "What's the name of the new picture book that recaptures the capital's Lunar New Year traditions for children?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-91282d69fce6442e9d917c4ed89834f4",
            "input": "Article: Range At present,there are five network firms---China Telecom,China Unicom,Jitong Communications,China Netcom and China Mobile---that are allowed to operate IP services in China.Each company has its advantages in service. Charge As the Ministry of Information Industry co-ordinates,the charges of IP calls of the five companies are the same,0.30 yuan per minute for DDD calls.4.80 yuan per minute for IDD calls,2.50 yuan for calls from the mainland to Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan,and 1.50 yuan from Shenzhen to HK,Zhongshan and Zhuhai to Macao.IP callers don't enjoy discounts on holidays. China Telecom has the widest coverage.All cities in China with telephone access and most countries in the world are open to China Telecom's IP card. China Unicom's IP card can reach 29 cities nationwide and more than 130 countries and regions worldwide.Jitong IP can access 12 cities in China and over 70 countries and regions worldwide. China Netcom's IP card can reach 14 cities in China and 149 countries and regions in the world. China Mobile's IP card is open to only six cities nationwide but can access more than 200 countries and regions worldwide. Voice quality China Telecom realizes its IP service by the public Intermet,therefore net congestion and voice delay may sometimes disturb conversations.The other four companies have their private data networks,which help to increase transmission speeds and improve voice quality. Other services China Telecom,Jitong and China Mobile offer account transfer services.Users can transfer the remaining sum of money on one card to another card. Jitong and Netcom Link their services with bank cards.One can enjoy IP's service without an IP card.Bank card users can make IP phone calls with their bank card numbers,so they needn't buy new IP cards and remember the new numbers again and again. As for customer service,China Telecom,China Unicom and China Mobile provide free hot line service,while Jitong and Netcom charge for their services. \n Answer: China Netcom is the only one to be allowed to operate IP service.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1532e681f71b46cc8d63f4b4ea4f5485",
            "input": "Article: Jane Austen was born in the English countryside more than 200 years ago. She lived a simple life. She seldom travelled. She never married and she died from illness when she was only 41. However, people all over the world remember her. Why? It is because Jane Austen is the author of some of the best-loved novels in the English language. These novels include Emma, Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility and Persuasion. Jane completed her last novel Persuasion in 1816, but it was not published until after her death. Persuasion is partly based on Jane's naval brother. Anne, the daughter of Sir Walter Elliot, falls in love with Captain Wentworth, a person of a lower social position. But she breaks off the engagement when persuaded by her friend Lady Russell that such a match is unworthy. The breakup produces in Anne a deep and long-lasting regret. Eight years later, Wentworth returns from sea a rich and successful captain. He finds Anne's family on the edge of financial ruin. Anne and the captain rediscover their love and get married. Jane Austen once compared her writing to painting on a little bit of ivory , two inches square. Readers of Persuasion will see that neither her skill of delicate, ironic  observations on social custom, love, and marriage nor her ability to apply a sharp focus to English manners and morals has abandoned her in her final finished work. Persuasion has produced three film adaptations: a 1995 version starring Amanda Root and Ciaran Hinds, a 2007 TV miniseries with Sally Hawkins and Rupert Penry-Jones, and a 1971 miniseries with Ann Firbank and Bryan Marshall. People who are interested in Jane Austen can still visit many of the places she visited and lived. These places include the village of Steventon, although her family house is now gone. Many of the places Jane visited in Bath are still there. You can visit Jane Austen's home in Chawton, where she did her best writing, and Winchester, where she died. \n Answer: True love lasts forever.",
            "output": [
                "What is the theme of Persuasion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c104696d7d3a4573806b8d581722a866",
            "input": "Article: What's in the news?  Here are some articles from the Winfield Daily News. Engaged to be married Mr. and Mrs. Eduardo Silva of Bogota, Colombia, are happy to announce that engagement of their daughter Cristina Ana Silva to Gino Antonio Leone. Miss Silva is studying art history at Winfield Community College and Mr. Leone is working at the Roma Restaurant. The wedding will take place at St. Mark's Church in Winfield on October 5th. The reception  will be at the Roma.  Black History Month Winfield Public Library is pleased to announce a special program to celebrate Black History Month. The well-known actor Albert Eaton will perform a one-man show named MLK:His life and Times. In the show, Eaton recreates  the life and times of the late civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., through music and drama. Performances are at 3:30 and 7:30, Thursday through Saturday. Admission free. Telephone: 5365400. Benjamins have a daughter  Mr. and Mrs. Leon Benjamin are proud to announce the birth of their first child, Andrea Jean. She was born at Winfield Hospital on June 9 at 11:10 PM. SPORTS High School--Parents Beat Students  The parents' football team beat the students 4 to 2 in a wild and exciting match yesterday at Winfield Stadium. It was the first win for the parents since the yearly event started five years ago. Adela Logan led the parents to victory with three goals. Her son, Bob Logan, scored the only two goals for the losing team, it was both a happy and a sad day for the Logan family! College--Winfield Community College Senior Wins State Tournament Ginny Lewis took the title away from defending state tennis winner, Susan Murray, yesterday in three straight sets, 6-1, 6-3, 6-4. this was the first time a Winfield student has played in the state finals. Ginny brought home a trophy  and a $1000 prize for her studies at college. \n Answer: A new-born Baby",
            "output": [
                "What is the Benjiamins' announcement about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0226c925170e4fa68d374aecc5d3bb89",
            "input": "Article: Many of the old sayings using animals to predict the weather are folklore , but not all. It's still unknown how animals can predict the weather, but limited research and acute observations have proved the animal kingdom's ability to notice changes before we do. Through their highly developed sense of hearing, smell and awareness of changes in atmospheric conditions, animals do appear to have a sixth sense that does allow them to predict certain weather conditions, earthquakes and tsunamis. Lying cows are one of the most well-known natural weather indicators. If a cow lies in a field, it means rain is on the way, because cows sense the moisture  in the air and are making sure hay have somewhere dry to lie down. Fish are known to eat more before a storm. Some say cats increase their grooming  activities when extra static electricity  is in the air, and horses are known to run fast before a violent storm or when windy conditions are coming.  Meteorologist Randy Rauch of WTSP-TV in Clearwater confirms that animals can serve as severe weather barometers . \"It's actually been long believed that animals have a sixth sense when it comes to severe weather,\" Rauch said. \" It's long been talked about in folklore. You'll hear all kinds of stories that dogs, cats, cows, crickets---all have some sort of knowing power before severe weather.\"  That theory was put to the test during the massive tsunami in 2004. It has been said that the actions of animals were one of the main reasons that residents in the area knew to take cover. \"Many of the elephants scattered to higher places 5 to 10 minutes before the first wave hit the shoreline,\" Rauch said. \"This has been a long story with animals in the wild and somehow knowing that weather or some kind of terrible event is going to occur.\" \n Answer: Animals can predict extreme weather or terrible events.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e40cd636a3164863aa9a68210dc678a6",
            "input": "Article: Prison Break is a huge hit thanks to its handsome star,Wentworth Miller.  His actor, Michael Scofield, is the engine that drives the show. Michael Scofield is one of the most interesting personalities on television today. But what about the man behind the character? Miller,35,is a hard guy to figure out. He does not come from a normal background and has never lived his life in a typical way.  Milier didn't take a direct path to fame and fortune. He graduated from Princeton University in 1995,not with a degree in theatre or film, but in English. He didn't even act when he was in college. His only performance experience was in his university's singing group. Yet, at graduation Miller still decided to make the move to prefix = st1 /Hollywood. Miller has always been different. Although he is American, he was born in Britainwhen his father was studying there. His family background is also a special mix of cultures. \"My father is black and my mother is white. That means I have always been caught in the middle. I could be either one, which can make you feel out of place,\" Miller says.  Following his unusual path,Miller did not start trying out for films and TV shows when he first got to Hollywood. Instead, he worked as a lowly production assistant. Not what you would expect  from a Princeton graduate. However, _ . In 2002,Miller played a role in the drama Dinotopia. He starred as a thoughtful and shy man. Producers remembered his performance when they were castingPrison Breaktwo years later. With a golden globe nomination  and another season of Prison Breakon his resume ,Miller seems ready to take over all of Hollywood. \n Answer: Miller's unusual path to fame and fortune.",
            "output": [
                "What do you think the text is mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4b6c49ec19c5497e9115ea830b7724ed",
            "input": "Article: It is 7 o'clock in the morning. You check yourself in the mirror, adjust your collar, and consider the busy day ahead. But at least you know that the stress won't damage your health, for this is no ordinary set of clothes you are wearing. Set within the fabric are numerous sensors, constantly monitoring your vital signs. If danger signs are detected, the garment is programmed to contact your doctor and send a text message telling you to take it easy.  Garments that can measure a wearer's body temperature or trace their heart activity are just entering the market, but the European project BIOTEX weaves new functions into smart textiles.  _ biosensors in a textile patch can now analyse body fluids, even a tiny drop of sweat, and provide a much better assessment of someone's health. Jean Luprano, a researcher at the Swiss Centre for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), coordinates the BIOTEX project. \"One of the most obvious applications for smart fabrics is in the medical field,\" he says. \"There has been a good deal of progress with physiological measurements, body temperature or electrocardiograms . But no one has yet developed biochemical sensing techniques that can take measurements from fluids like sweat and blood. We are developing a suite of sensors that can be integrated into a textile patch. The patch is a sensing and processing unit, adaptable to target different body fluids and biochemical species. At the very least, some basic biochemical  analyses could complement the physiological measurements that can already be monitored. In some circumstances, fluidic analysis may be the only way to get information on a patient's health status.\" \n Answer: New advancement in the medical field.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f5f278ce1841454c9250018f48ba8e23",
            "input": "Article: Study-abroad programs are a great way to learn about different cultures. Sometimes students don't have the money to join in these programs. That is why scholarships for study-abroad programs are starting to become popular.    Study-abroad programs can often be quite expensive. Finding scholarships is not that difficult. Usually, you can just visit the study-abroad office at your educational institution or even the financial services office. They will have a large directory  of available scholarships. If  your school does not have these offices, you can just quickly have a look on the Internet and find a wide variety of scholarships you might qualify for.    The credentials you need to be considered for a scholarship vary greatly. But, to be a candidate for any scholarship, you generally need to have good grades, be an outstanding person, and be able to take full advantage of the opportunities presented to you. You will be able to show why you are a good candidate through the application process.     The application process for each scholarship varies, which usually includes submitting  an academic record, an essay, and sometimes an interview. Usually, you will have to submit your academic records. The administrators of the scholarship will know that you take your academic studies seriously. Next you usually need to write an essay. This could be on a wide variety of subjects, but they usually focus on something related to 'why you should get this scholarship' to determine how much you want the scholarship and how good of a candidate you would be. After this, the final few applicants may be asked in for an interview to learn about you and why you would be a good recipient  of the scholarship. If you satisfy all these requirements, there is a good chance you will get a scholarship. If you don't have enough money, don't give up but use plenty of scholarship opportunities for you! \n Answer: They are only found in the study-abroad offices in colleges.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about study-abroad programs from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-565f97459a0d498f99892aa34bb34959",
            "input": "Article: Being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16%, according to new UCL research carried out as part of the Public Health Research Center. The study, published in JAMA Psychiatry, found a two-way relationship between depression and physical activity. People who increased their weekly activity reported fewer depressive symptoms but those with more depressive symptoms were less active, particularly at younger ages. Researchers followed 11,135 people born in 1958 up until the age of 50, recording depressive symptoms and levels of physical activity at regular intervals in adulthood. They found that each additional activity period per week reduced odds of depression by 6%. In England 19% of men and 26% of women are currently classed as \"inactive\", and this study suggests that activity could significantly improve their mental as well as physical health. \"Assuming the association is causal, physical activity has a protective effect against depression. If an adult between their twenties and forties who isn't physically active became active 3 times per week, they would reduce their risks of depression by about 16%.\" says Dr Snehal of the UCL Institute of Child Health, lead author of the study. Professor Mark, Director of the Public Health Research Center, said, \"Many people are already aware of the benefits of physical activity on their general health, but now we are seeing more evidence that suggest it also has a positive effect on a person's mental well-being. The latest research highlights just how important it is to ensure that people are working and living in environments that allow them to be both physically active and mentally healthy.\" \n Answer: To introduce a research on the link between activity and depression.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7d709ba1ab7d49a095f4979d6cff0856",
            "input": "Article: Do you dream of changing the world with your words? Or maybe you just want to be able to express your thoughts and ideas more clearly. Anyway, it's more important for us to write correctly and properly. Then how to improve your English writing skills? www.ks5u.com       Get the most out of your dictionary by understanding how to use it correctly. You can use a good English dictionary to find words, for meaning, for pronunciation, to check your spelling and to understand explanations. If you are using a computer, use an English spell checker (but don't rely on it).      Copy short passages of English text from newspapers, magazines or books.       Try dictation exercises. You can do this online or get friends to read out text for you to write. Then check your writing-pay more attention to spelling.      There are many forums    on the Internet. Find one about your interests or hobbies. Observe the niceties  of forum use,  and make an apology if you think you have made any mistakes. Be careful about using abbreviations when writing on forums. They are fun and quick but can also make you pick some bad habits. Use a blog to create a diary about your life. Write it in English and if you have a thick skin, ask for feedback  . Remember blogs are not private, so do not write anything there that you do not want the whole world to read. I advise [Link] which is free and very easy to use. Check what you've written. Even better, get someone else to read what you've written ahead of time.      Try to find pen friends who are native English speakers. Write to them, use a messenger service like MSN, Yahoo, Google or find a chat-room. If you can't get in touch with native speakers then contact other learners. \n Answer: You can do dictation exercises online.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following does the author agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e20664868064313b03c8b1654630b2d",
            "input": "Article: An allowance  is an important tool for teaching kids how to make plans for the use of money, save and make their own decisions. Children remember and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly. How large an allowance is suitable? Experts say there is not right amount. Actual amounts differ from region to region, and from family to family. To set an suitable allowance for your child, work up a weekly plan. Allow for entertainment costs such as movies and snacks. Next, include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare, school supplies. \"If you make the child responsible for these bills',\" says Josephine Swanson, a consumer specialist, \" he or she will learn to plan for necessary costs.\" Finally, add some extra money to make saving possible. If you can keep your child's allowance in line with that of his friends. A child whose buying power falls away below his peers' can feel left out. It can be tough, but don't excuse your children when they make a mistake with their allowance. When Brooke Stephens was ten and growing up in Jacksonville, her mother gave her $5 a week, $1.75 of which was for bus fare and lunch.\" If you lose your money,\" Brooke's mother told her, \"you walk home.\" One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store, then she called home for a ride. \" Mom made me walk home,\" recalls Stephens, now a financial planner in Brooklyn. \" At first I was angry. But I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson. \" Experts advise that an allowance should not be tied directly to a child's daily housework at home. Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family. You might, however, pay a child for doing extra jobs at home, which can develop his or her early habits. \n Answer: How to teach a child to save money.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the possible title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ce80d6c49d9e4bd4b643dd58ebdc917b",
            "input": "Article: Ice Age Cave Art of Southwest France May 2 1,2013--May 27,2013 Day 1   U.S.--Bordeaux,France  Leave the U.S. for Bordeaux to start our prehistoric exploration . Day 2   Bordeaux--Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil On arriving in Bordeaux,join the group to Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil,France's prehistory capital. Check into Les Glycines hotel. Enjoy a welcome dinner here. Day 3   Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil Begin at the Combarelles cave,believed to have been used by Cro-Magnon man between 14,000 and 12,000  years ago. After lunch in a restaurant in the rock,enjoy a guided tour of the National Prehistory Museum,containing one of the largest prehistoric collections. Our day ends at the cave of Font-de-Gaume. Discovered in 1901,it remains one of the most exciting places in the world,with many drawings of horses,deer and so on. Day 4  Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil Journey through Black Perigord,starting with a tour of Sarlat. After lunch in town,visit Bernifal. Discovered in 1898,it offers its visitors various paintings. Day 5    Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil At the Rouffignac cave,get on an electric train to explore the nearly 10 kilometers of cave--a real underground maze  of prehistoric drawings and several surprising handprints. Pause for lunch in a local farm house,then continue to Abril Castanet. Day 6   Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil After checking out of Les Glycines,travel to Cougnac cave,containing the oldest paintings in a site open to the public. Enjoy lunch in this beautiful town on the Dordogne river. As you leave Rocamadour,visit the Abrides Merveilles,then continue to the popular Chateau de Mercues.  Day 7  Toulouse--U.S  Check out of the Chateau de Mercues,and travel to the Toulouse airport for your return flight to the U.S. \n Answer: At the Combarelles cave.",
            "output": [
                "Where will tourists have a welcome dinner?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c58d43550075430ba26765db55957e5c",
            "input": "Article: I had been rather proud of myself when my friends and family got the ticket, whether it was for speeding, parking or stop sign violations  . It was something that happened to others. But last Friday I joined _ . I was asked to do a new project last week. On Friday morning on my way to work, I suddenly remembered that I had spent the past six weeks without considering that I had a week's vacation planned during that time. I was very disappointed with myself for not remembering it. The truth is that I was not paying enough attention to my driving and I did not come to a complete stop at the stop sign in front of a school. I was so distracted   that I didn't even notice I had a policeman on my tail with his lights flashing. Finally I looked in my mirror and caught on. The policeman was rude and took my papers. Fortunately, I had everything up to date and since I had never had a ticket before, there was nothing for him to do but write me a ticket. While I was sitting there in the seat of \"shame\", I felt bad. If I had been that distracted and a child had run onto the road, perhaps I would have not reacted as well as I could have. It was a wake-up call. People at work asked me if I tried to talk my way out of it . Frankly, it never occurred to me. I felt sorry. Now I no longer have a clean driving record. Please be careful out there, as a moment's distraction can lead to tragedy. \n Answer: How the writer got her first ticket.",
            "output": [
                "What is this passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-08638cdce5894709b6d248ae5fd8b396",
            "input": "Article: It was a hot summer day. My dad and I were getting ready to go out for a ride on the boat with my friend Katie and the dog when the phone call came, the call that made that bright, beautiful day a cold, dark, gloomy one. I had just put on my suit, shorts, and tank top, and packed my bag with sunscreen and everything else I would need for the day. I ran into my parents' room to find Dad. When I saw him on the phone, he was crying. I'd never seen my dad cry before. My heart sank. What possibly could have happened? \"Max, I'm so sorry,\" I heard him say. That's when it hit me. I knew that Suzie had died. Max has been my dad's best friend for years. Suzie, his daughter, had a rare disease that mainly affected her body. Her brain was OK. She knew what was going on; she knew that she had problems and was different from other kids. Once she told her dad that she wished she could die and be born in a different body. Yet although she couldn't live a normal life ,she was still happy. When Suzie and I were little, we spent quite a bit of time together. As we grew up, we grew apart. She lived in New York, and I lived in the Midwest. When Suzie was ten she had to live in a hospital in Virginia. About eight months before she died, Max gave us her number at the hospital and we talked at least twice a week until the end. Suzie was always so excited to talk to us and wanted to know every detail about my life. She wanted to know everything I did and every thing I ate. _  After we found out about her death, we made our plans to go to New York for the funeral. When she was alive, I sent her a Beanie Baby and she sent one back to me. I had bought her another one but never had the chance to send it to her, so I took it to put in her casket . Her funeral was very different from any funeral I'd ever been to. After they lowered her casket, each one of us put a shovelful of dirt over her. I remember crying so hard, I felt weak. My cheeks burned from the tears. My whole body was shaking as I picked up the shovel, but I'm glad I did it. When Suzie and I first started calling one another, I thought it would be more of a burden on me, but I was completely wrong. I learned so much from her. She gave me more than I could ever give to her. I will never forget her or the talks we had. I now know that I must never take anything for granted especially my health and the gift of life. \n Answer: The author didn't understand Suzie was her true friend until Suzie's death.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-157cc49359d84133a6810b17f7e4c7e1",
            "input": "Article: White was the owner of a private school in a town. Last year, he married one of his classmates.The beautiful woman spent much time in learning nothing during middle school.   But she wasn't worried about anything in the future, because her parents were very rich and could provide her with everything.So he could make poor Mr White listen to her. Mr White was busy in dealing with school affairs and his wife had to stay at home alone.But she hated the lonely and boring life.Her father introduced her to some businessmen who wanted to employ her .But she wanted to stay with children.So her husband was asked to allow her to work in his school.At first her husband didn't agree with her. She didn't supply money to him any more, so the poor man had to give in.Otherwise , his school would shut down for lack of her money. The woman could not teach students, because she knew neither maths nor physics.She thought she often played in the zoo,so she decided to teach biology.But she didn't know how to teach the subject at all.She thought hard, and finally she decided to bring the students to the zoo. Pointing to a crocodile, she shouted ,\"Look at it carefully! It's a whale!\" \"Excuse me ,madam,\" said a student.   \"It's a crocodile!\" \"Shut up!\" Mr White said angrily.   \"It's a whale!\" \n Answer: Because his school would shut down without her money.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Mr White have to employ Mrs White as a teacher ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b7db9624f9114559b74c66a275e545a9",
            "input": "Article: Head held high, hands firmly gripping her walker, Mary Arnott, 99, walks slowly with dignity through the women's changing room at the Etobicoke Olympium pool, past the teenage girls who have been blow-drying their hair for half an hour, into the mist of the showers, then out the door and first one into the heated pool. She jumps over to the shallow end, stopping to talk to friends--everyone knows Arnott here; she swims twice a week and treats it as a job--about their children, the viciousness  of bridge and their health. In fact, Arnott is an exception to the exception. Not only has she lived 20 years past the average lifespan for Canadians, she's healthy, her mind is sharp and she lives independently. Born in Brooklyn on May 28, 1909, Arnott was raised on Staten Island. She survived scarlet fever , helped bring up four siblings after her mother died in 1923 and worked as a secretary in New York City for 12 years, earning$35 a week and a$150 bonus at Christmas. Now she's happy living in a one-room apartment with a kitchen and a bathroom in her daughter's house. She wears a hearing aid, does the cryptic  crossword with a magnifying glass, and can't really explain why she has live so well so long. Until recently, she has still liked to drink red wine--she used to drink two glasses before supper each day. It's more likely genes, she admits. Her interest in other people and life in general may have had something to do with it. Asked if a star photographer can take her picture at the pool, Arnott seems cheerful. \"I look good in a swimsuit,\" she says, nodding her head firmly. \"I look better in a swimsuit than I do in pants. \" \n Answer: She's healthy and her mind is sharp.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE as for Mary Arnott as an exception to the exception?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8fba19657e07465bb582b0d00a05ad06",
            "input": "Article: Listening to music while you drive can improve your speed and ability to get away from accidents, according to Australian psychologists. But turning your car radio up to full volume could probably make you end up in an accident. The performance of difficult tasks can be influenced if people are subjected to loud noise. The experience of pulling up at traffic lights alongside cars with loud music made some psychologists in the University of Sydney look into whether loud music has something to do with driving.  The psychologists invited 60 men and women aged between 20 and 28 as subjects and tested them on almost the same driving tasks under three noise conditions: silence, rock music played at a gentle 55 decibels  , and the same music at 85 decibels. For 10 minutes the subjects sat in front of a screen operating a simple machine like a car. They had to track   a moving disk on screen, respond to traffic signals changing color1, and brake in response to arrows that appeared without warning. On the tracking task, there was no difference in performance under the three noise conditions. But under both the loud and quiet music conditions, the performers \"braked\" at a red light about 50 milliseconds sooner than they did when there was no rock music at all. That could mean a reduction in braking distance of a couple of meters actually, the difference between life and death for a pedestrian. When it came to the arrows that appeared across the visual field, the psychologists found that when the music was quiet, people responded faster to objects in their central field of sight by about 50 milliseconds. For the people listening at 85 decibels, response times were dropped by a further 50 milliseconds -- a whole tenth of second faster than those \"driving\" with no music.   \"But there's a trade-off,\" the psychologists told the European Congress of Psychology. \"They lose the ability to look around the whole situation effectively.\" In responding to objects that suddenly appeared, people subjected to 85-decibel rock music were around 100 milliseconds slower than both the other groups. Since some accidents -- such as children running into the road -- take place without any notice, drivers listening to loud music must be less safe as a result. \n Answer: Under the experimental conditions as those of the streets.",
            "output": [
                "Where did the researchers do the experiment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1ce435d03c5940d7962057c3212cc1ac",
            "input": "Article: While success is surely sweeter than failure, it seems failure is a far better teacher, and organizations that fail spectacularly often flourish more in the long run, according to a new study by Vinit Desai, assistant professor of management at the University of Colorado Denver Business School. Researchers have found that people missing their goals perform much better in the long run. That is because they gain more knowledge from their failures than their successes and the lessons are more likely to stay longer in their minds. \"We found that the knowledge gained from success was often fleeting while knowledge from failure stuck around for years,\" said professor Desai, who led the study. \"But companies often ignore failure. Managers may fire people or turn over the whole workforce while they should treat the failure as a learning opportunity.\" Prof Desai compared the flights of the space shuttle Atlantis and the Challenger. During the 2002 Atlantis flight, a piece of insulation   broke off and damaged the left solid rocket booster   but didn't influence the program. There was little investigation. The Challenger was launched next and another piece of insulation broke off. This time the shuttle and its seven-person crew were destroyed. The disaster led to a major investigation resulting in 29 changes to prevent future disasters. The difference in response in the two cases came down to this: Atlantis was considered a success and the Challenger a failure. \"Despite crowded skies, airlines are extremely reliable,\" he said. \"The number of failures is extremely small. And past researches have shown that older airlines, those with more experience in failure, have a lower number of accidents.\" Prof Desai doesn't recommend finding out failure in order to learn. Instead, he advises organizations to analyze small failures to collect useful information rather than wait for major failures. \n Answer: Because fewer people died in the flight.",
            "output": [
                "Why did experts pay little attention to the problem of Atlantis?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4c91a5c4329b4c0a8b6cce090c104789",
            "input": "Article: Have you dreamed of building your own machine? Do you wish you could invent something new? Here we look at a few British inventions of recent times. Adaptable glasses Do you wear glasses? If so, can you imagine life without them? In 1985, Joshua Silver, a professor at Oxford University, asked himself, \"Can I invent a pair of glasses that could be changed by the wearer?\" He designed two plastic lenses that are filled with a special liquid. Using syringes you change the liquid between the lenses until you can see clearly. The glasses are not beautiful but they are easy to use and cheap to make. The wind-up radio When you switch your TV on tonight, think about all those people without electricity. Thinking about this, Trevor Baylis came up with the idea of designing a radio that could be powered by hand. In common with Joshua Silver he wanted his invention to be cheap and easy to use. He wanted even the poorest people in developing countries, who don't have electricity and cannot afford batteries, to use it. The radio has a generator   which is powered by turning a handle. In 1996 it won a BBC Design Award for Best Protect and Best Design. The Dyson cleaner In many homes around the world you can see a cleaner that looks like a spaceship. This is the Dyson vacuum   cleaner which uses something called \"cyclonic separation\" to separate the dirt. You do not need a bag for your cleaner and it does not get blocked so it is very practical. The idea came to Sir James Dyson after he kept having problems with his vacuum cleaner. He decided he could design a better one and in 1993 he opened his own factory. The Dyson is now one of the best-selling cleaners in the UK and Dyson is believed to have earned over a billion pounds. The Zapata fly-board Ever dreamed of zooming through the water and leaping in the air like a dolphin? Now you can thanks to a fly-board, built by water sports enthusiast Frank Zapata. With it you can dive back in the water and out again. It's possible to jump to incredible heights out of the water -- over 30 feet. The basic fly-board model comes in at PS4,200. So keep dreaming and inventing. One day you might get it right. \n Answer: They don't look very nice.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about Adaptable glasses?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e38076651ab64d51bbbdb0654f0fad71",
            "input": "Article: Raising Money to Find a Cure, One Ribbon Barrette at a Time How many times a day do we tell our kids that we're proud of them? Probably not nearly enough. As a daughter of Chinese parents, it's not in our culture's nature to celebrate incredible accomplishments by announcing them to the world, but I'm going to break the rule and announce that I'm so proud of my 10-year-old daughter and all that she has done to raise money to support research to find a cure for Cystic Fibrosis(CF,) \"Mommy, \" said Emily as we rushed around the house packing our things for another day at the pool last summer. \"I'm going to bring my ribbon barrettes to sell during adult swimming\" Emily's best friend is one of the 30,000 children and adults living in the United States with Cystic Fibrosis, a life-threatening genetic disease that affects the lungs and digestive system. In the 1950s, very few children with CF lived to attend elementary school. Although great progress in understanding and treating CF has led to great improvements in the length and quality of life for those with CF, there still isn't a cure. Last spring, Emily donated $ 140 CFF's Great Walk in honor of her best friend living with Cystic Fibrosis. She had no idea what the summer would bring for her CFF ribbon barrette fundraise when school ended for the year. Fortunately, every time I shared a photo of Emily's ribbon barrettes on the Internet, we received orders that privately message me or email me with requests for barrettes in their favorites colors. Three weeks into the summer, Emily had raised $ 297 and I was spending a lot of time running her to the craft store to restock her supplies for a very good cause while my husband was packing and shipping orders all over the country. My social media accounts have served as the most powerful tool for Emily to spread the _ . People notice kids doing great things and want to help the girls who are raising money to help find a cure, one ribbon barrette at a time. Emily and her best friend have named their activity Ribbon Barrettes for Research. They have business cards and a brand new shiny website developed on a free platform, to show that any kid can do what she has been doing. To my daughter, each sale is a victory and each order that goes out is an opportunity to spread awareness about CF. The handwritten thank-you note included in each order further shows the importance of teaching kids and parents how much their purchase support research that we hope will one day find a cure for CF. As a parent, I love that Emily has found the power in her own voice and she has inspired others to advocate causes they care about. \n Answer: Unworried",
            "output": [
                "What is Emily's attitude towards treating Cystic Fibrosis?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc7d25df027a40c1ba11e2ace9ead527",
            "input": "Article: We each have a unique genetic (,) make-up. Every cell of your body has the same set of about 100,000 separate genes made of DNA. These are the instructions for producing a person. Genes decide everything from the colour of your skin to the way your brain works. You have one of several billion combinations of DNA which come from the random mixing of your parents' genes. Except for identical twins  , no one has the same combination as another person. You are unique! You are unique in another way too: in the way you are raised and all the experiences you have from before birth to adult life. These experiences influence you, your behaviour and attitudes, and the choices you make. But are genes or life experiences more important in shaping your appearance and personality? Scientists are studying twins to find out. One set of twins occurs every 70 births---some are identical and others are non-identical twins. Identical twins are special because they share exactly the same genes and often the same environment. Non-identical twins are more like ordinary brothers and sisters. Some identical twins have been adopted and brought up in different homes. With identical genes but a different home environment, scientists can study twins to see how much a particular feature depends on the genes we inherit. For example, we know that eye problems, like short-sightedness, are mostly genetic. But resistance to pain is largely dependent on experiences. Genes also influence our eating habits. Identical twins brought up apart often like to eat at the same time of day and feel full after eating the same amount. Non-identical twins in similar circumstances have more varied eating habits. Identical twins are also more likely to follow the same patterns for marriage and divorce than non-identical twins. Scientists are trying to identify the different genes that influence our behaviour. Some people are thrill-seekers and get into risk-taking and adventurous activities. They take up extreme sports like bungee jumping and possibly take drugs. Scientists have discovered a gene which affects _ . We could ask, \"Are our lives determined by our genes or our upbringing?\" Scientists are learning more all the time, but it is certainly true that both are important in making us who we are. \n Answer: To discover what shapes us as individuals.",
            "output": [
                "Why are scientists studying twins?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-835b1dab990b4a399aa04d1128ce2fa9",
            "input": "Article: The New Folk Sound Of Terry Collier attracted little interest when first released   , and by the time it was championed on a music chart, Callier had long abandoned music for a career in computer programming.As a result, he returned to music to make many recordings with some leading young artists in Britain, making it the most successful period of his life. Terry Callier was born into a poor family on May 24, 1945 and grew up in Chicago.He learned to practice the piano and began singing in groups in his teens.He released his first single, Look At Me Now in 1962.When offered a tour, he seemed to be a shining star soon.But then his mother stepped in, insisting that, at 17 , his place was not on the road but at home studying. While attending college, he began performing in folk clubs and coffee houses.It was also when he started his songwriting.Callier continued to record and give live concerts through the 1970s touring with some famous popular singers.His combination of fierce guitar, wise lyrics  and sweet voices created a distinctive style known as jazz-folk.However, he had more success as a songwriter than as a singer when he sang his hit song The Love We Had Stays on My Mind in 1971. In 1983 he abandoned music completely to attend his 12-year-old daughter after splitting up with his wife.He got a steady job at the University of Chicago and did not touch a guitar for years.Many years later, some DJs discovered his old recordings and began to play his songs in clubs.Though Callier was unwilling to get involved in music again, Callier was eventually persuaded to come back, which brought him more applauses than he had ever experienced. \n Answer: opposed.",
            "output": [
                "What was Callier's mother's attitude towards his dream of becoming a star?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b42375ccaf664d42be36ef5c6074cd4e",
            "input": "Article: Since 1950, the amount of information about the nutrition of food has increased by nearly 900 percent. Besides this fact, obesity has risen by 214 percent and nearly two out of every three adults in America are overweight or obese. Being overweight is not only an appearance problem, and it also increases the risk of various diseases including diabetes, sleep disorder and cancer. With so much nutritional knowledge easy to find, we cannot simply ignore our present obesity epidemic . We know that fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin. Though we are overweight, many of us choose junk food over healthy food out of habits. One explanation for our strong desire for junk food is that we learn to connect junk food with positive feelings when we are young, and changing this attitude requires a huge amount of confidence and determination. Fortunately, new research published in May 2012 has shown a simple and _ way to make healthier food choices- the one that doesn't rely on great determination. The research was based on two separate studies and it was carried out by T. Bettina Cornwell of the University of Oregon and Anna R. McAlister of Michigan State University. In the first study, 60 adults between the ages of 19 and 23 were questioned about the role of food and drinks. The survey tells us that adults prefer sweetened drinks with high-calorie, salty foods, to sweetened drinks with vegetables. In the second study, 75 children between the ages of 3 and 5 were gathered for some experiments including drinks served with vegetables. The preschooler experiments were carried out under different situations and on different days. The researchers found that the children chose to take more green vegetables when they were served with water instead of a sweetened drink. According to Cornwell, children learn to connect high calorie, sugary drinks such as cola, with high fat foods such as French fries, from a very early age. McAlister adds that early taste development appears to play an important role in food choices later in life. Meals served at home and meals offered at restaurants, set the stage for this idea and for the preference to choose junk food over healthy food, when beginning to take sweetened drinks. \"Our taste preferences are heavily influenced by regularly eating particular food and drinking particular drink,\" states Cornwell. \"If the drink on the table goes against both adults and children eating their vegetables, then perhaps it is time to change that drink... and to serve water with all meals. Restaurants could easily use water as free drink for children's meals and charge extra money for other drinks.\" Both McAlister and Cornwell are confident that serving water with meals could effectively reduce the nation's obesity rates, diabetes rates and ever rising healthcare costs. \n Answer: Obesity.",
            "output": [
                "What may cause the risk of diseases according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-480fe878742a40bfa91b8bd2f846aa33",
            "input": "Article: The host poured the tea into the cup and placed it on the small table in front of his guests, who were a father and daughter, and the cover on the cup. Apparently thinking of something, he hurried into the inner room, leaving the thermos  on the table. His two guests heard a cupboard opening. They remained sitting in the sitting room, the ten-year-old daughter looking at the flowers outside the window, the father just about to take his cup, when the crash came, right there in the sitting room. Something was hopelessly broken. It was the thermos, which had fallen to the floor. The girl looked over her shoulder, shocked, staring. It was mysterious. Neither of them touched it, not even a bit. True, it hadn't stood steadily when their host placed in on the table, but it hadn't fallen then. The explosion caused the host to rush back. _ the steaming floor, the host said, \"It doesn't matter! It doesn't matter!\" The father started to say something. Then he said softly, \"Sorry, I touched it and it fell.\" \"It doesn't matter,\" said the host. When they left the house, the daughter said, \"Daddy, did you touch it?\" \"No, but it stood so close to me.\" \"But you did not touch it. I saw your reflection in the window glass.\" The father laughed. \"What would you give as the cause of its fall?\" \"The thermos fell by itself. The floor is not smooth. Daddy, why did you say that you...\" \"That won't do, girl. It sounds more acceptable when I say I knocked it down. There are things which people accept less the more you defend. The truer the story you tell, the less true it sounds.\" The daughter was lost in silence for a while. Then she said, \"Can you explain it only in this way?\" \"Only in this way,\" her father said. \n Answer: You can't always make people believe the truth.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is a possible theme of this story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-91e50fe1a96e4bebb486363b46399d9c",
            "input": "Article: It's what people who don't know each other talk about on elevators. And not about the weather at all. Chatting about the weather with strangers is about emotional comfort (,). When someone says \"Beautiful day today, isn't it?\" as you settle into that narrow elevator space, or at the bus stop, or waiting in line at the supermarket, the conversation is about feelings. The person is speaking to feel more comfortable with you and offering you a chance to feel more comfortable with him or her. Being in close proximity with strangers creates interpersonal tension. We can't help it. Tension automatically seeks resolution. What will you do? Do you notice the person now only a short distance away, or pretend not to notice? Avoidance is one strategy: never make eye contact and act as if nobody is there, even when your feelings tell you. In a supermarket checkout line you might leaf through a magazine. On elevators, we often avoid others by looking up at the floor numbers. The other strategy is to break the tension by noticing the other person. It starts with eye contact. Then we have a choice: smile, nod, make a remark or strike up a conversation. If we choose to talk, the most non-controversial   subject to talk about is the weather. A remark about the weather evokes   agreement and feelings of sympathy. \"What a nice day!\" shares a tiny sliver of happiness. \"I wonder if this rain will ever end.\" shares the bad feelings with each other. Both ends of the mini-conversation feel a tiny bit more connected by experiencing this emotion of liking or disliking the weather at the same moment. \n Answer: Talking about weather with strangers",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b27dc186d9bd4d08b2ccb0335e489c38",
            "input": "Article: Friendship and friends continue to be the centre of our life. The relationship that we share with our friends is grounded in mutual   care as our friends help us in _ our personalities as well. Even in this age of online social networking and e-cards, the need of keeping the network of friends, whether online or offline remains a primary concern for people. We may not completely understand what makes a friend but we all want to have a good number of friends around us. The first step to make friends with someone is to make them like you. If they don't like you in the first place, it is unlikely that they'll be eager to become your friends. To let someone know that you are specially interested in them, simple gestures like a little smile and calling them by their names can lay the basic foundation. To make the other person feel important to you, you need to be a good listener and encourage the other person to talk. Give your honest and sincere opinion but do not directly criticize or make fun of him or her. The second step of making someone your friend is to develop a mutual understanding. You need to share his or her experiences and  it is necessary for you to develop a habit to see things from the other person's point of view. The third or final step towards friendship is to show your unconditional support and encouragement towards your friend. Moreover, you also need to be very clear about your expectations from your friend. If what you expect from the person you want to make friends with matches with what that person can give, the developing friendship between you and your friend is sure to be successful. \n Answer: It is very important to understand each other.",
            "output": [
                "Which one of the following is true according to this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-048704692497414a8f1d02eb926fe874",
            "input": "Article: In English the spelling of words does not always represent the sound. So people say /rait/ but spell it right or write, or even rite. Combinations of letters may be pronounced in many ways. And some words just seem to have too many letters. For Americans things are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778. As a young man, he had fought against the British in the American War of Independence, and he felt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive American look. So he began his work on American English. His first book, The Elementary Spelling Book, suggested simplifying the spelling of English words. The book was extremely popular. By the 1850s, it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever. Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted. Center instead of centre, program instead of programme, and flavor instead of flavour. Others, however, such as removing silent letters like s in island or the final e in examine, were not . Webster is best known for his American Dictionary of the English language, which first appeared in 1828. It introduced lots of new American words, with information about their pronunciation and use, and, of course, the new spelling. The British criticized the dictionary, but it quickly became a standard reference book in the States. Today, Webster's dictionary is still the number one dictionary for American students. \n Answer: The man who made spelling simple.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b8678b137d2649a9a8ea010ebb039bff",
            "input": "Article: Food labels are such a mess that the government is redesigning them, as the ingredient  lists are usually too confusing. As a result, a shopper could spend hours in a grocery store watching, calculating, and comparing, and still could not get it right. ShopWell is trying to help by allowing consumers to scan food labels and receive understandable and personalized information. Here's how it works. Register for ShopWell, and enter your age and gender. Add your goals (General health? Or are you trying to lose weight?). Then, note what you want in your diet, such as protein or iron, and what you want to avoid(added sugar, say). Add your allergies  and things you cannot accept, and start scanning. Then ShopWell will come up with a clearly personal result: green for a food that is good for you; yellow for foods you can enjoy a little; and red for foods you should avoid. The results are easily understandable and is clean because it's not mixed with ads. Instead, ShopWell makes money by selling data to supermarkets. Its database contains 350,000 products, the app has been downloaded 1.3 million times, and the company claims a scan every two seconds \"in stores such as Walmart, Whole Foods and 7-Eleven,\" in the words of marketing manager James Allgood. One of the first items I scanned was So Delicious Coconut Milk Creamer, which I buy because I'm lactose  intolerant. It turns out it's only a little suitable for me -- because of its 1 gram per serving of added sugar. I'm not sure I'll give it up. But Ididask the app to watch for added sugar, and it's doing its job. One _ to ShopWell is that the scanner often doesn't work for items from Costco or Trader Joe's. Meanwhile, Some user reviews say that it doesn't cover enough allergies. \n Answer: Because consumers can hardly make sense of the information on the food labels.",
            "output": [
                "Why do consumers hesitate long when deciding which food to purchase in a shop?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f32dcf3031784132b21018df710bd5da",
            "input": "Article: Why do our eyes open wide when we feel fear? And why do our eyes become narrow when we express disgust  ? According to a new research, it has something to do with survival. In a recently published paper, researchers concluded that expressions of fear and disgust changed the way human eyes gather and focus light. They argued that these changes were the result of evolutionary development and were intended to help humans survive, or at least discover, very different dangers. In order to test their hypothesis  ,researchers examined two dozen volunteer college students with standard eye-exam equipment, and asked them to show expressions of fear and dislike. It was found that when the students widened their eyes, more light was admitted and their field of vision was expanded. When they wrinkled their noses in disgust, their eyes narrowed. This had the effect of blocking out more light but focusing on a specific point. Although some scientists have admitted that emotional expressions are intended primarily to communicate information, expressions of fear and disgust seem to perform different visual functions. \"Eye widening may help to find a potential danger that requires much attention. And this would agree with the hypothesized function of fear,\" said researchers. \"On the other hand, eye narrowing may help to distinguish and avoid different kinds of dangers, such as disease carriers and dirty foods. And this would agree with the hypothesized function of disgust.\" These findings supported naturalist Charles Darwin's view that expressions are not necessarily for communication and are not arbitrary  .\"If our expressions were arbitrary, they would show little cross-cultural relationship.\" researchers said. \"But actually, our expressions probably have some universal   functional principles.\" \n Answer: Evolutionary development causes people to express different feelings.",
            "output": [
                "What is the hypothesis of the research in this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b4bc780e48ac416ba27788e55de46a95",
            "input": "Article: Scientists in Israel have discovered a new way to test for water pollution by \"listening\" to what the plants growing in water have to say. By shining a laser beam   on the tiny pieces of _ floating in the water,the researchers said they hear sound waves that tell them the type and amount of contamination   in the water. \"It is a red light,telling us that something is beginning to go wrong with the quality of water,\" said Zvy Dubinsky,an aquatic biologist at Israel's Bar Ilan University.\"Algae is the first thing to be affected by a change in water quality.\"\"The secret,\" he said,\"is to measure the rate of photosynthesis   in the algae,meaning the plant's ability to transform light into energy.\" During photosynthesis,plants also release oxygen into the air. Dubinsky's technique is easy to perform because of the overabundance of algae in the planet's water.Most of the oxygen in the atmosphere comes from algae.A prototype tester that occupies about one square meter of a laboratory desktop,shoots a laser beam at water samples to stimulate photosynthesis in the algae.But not all of the laser's heat is used.Depending on the condition of the algae and the rate of photosynthesis,some of the heat is shot back into the water,creating sound waves,Dubinsky said.With a special underwater microphone,researchers are able to analyze the strength of the sound waves and determine the health of the algae and the condition of the surrounding water. \"Algae suffering from lead poisoning,like waste discharged from battery and paint manufacturing plants,will produce a different sound than those suffering from lack of iron or exposure to other toxins,\" said researcher Yulia Pinchasov.She said that testing algae photosynthesis can determine water quality more accurately and easily than laborintensive methods now used like chemical and radioactive carbon testing. \n Answer: Because it can produce different sounds.",
            "output": [
                "Why is the algae tested?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6796725f176b48f0935bc28334209238",
            "input": "Article: prefix = st1 /Britainis facing a sharp rise in its rat population as growing numbers of people leave fast food scraps in the street , an environment group warned . Keep Britain Tidy said the rodents  were stopping their traditional hunts underground and were roaming the streets ,tempted by discarded burgers ,pizzas and crisps. \"The rat population is on the rise and soon it'll be as common to see a rodent on our street as it is to see a dog or a cat,\" said group Director ,Sue Nelson. The practice of dumping fast food litter and scraps on the street rather than in the trash-with young men the worst offenders-was behind the rise. According to the National Rodent Survey in 2005, Britain's rat population has grown by nearly one quarter since 2000 and is now estimated at 60 million , two million more than the human population. On average a rat can give birth every 24--28 days and just a single pair of rats can produce a colony of 2,000 a year. Around 200 people a year get Weil's Disease----an infection which can lead to liver or kidney  failure and eventually death and which is arrived in rat's waste. To highlight the issue , Keep Britain Tidy launched a cinema ad entitled \"How close do you want them to get?\" The advertisement gave a shocking image of a young woman sleeping in a bed of rots, echoing the nightmare scene from James Herbert's classic horror tale The Rats, in which mutant rodents begin to prey on humans. \n Answer: Under the ground.",
            "output": [
                "Where did the rodents use to search for food?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9e157417140e422c996cee3fceeff400",
            "input": "Article: \"So?\"he said.\"Er...so what?\"\"So what do you really want to do?\"he asked. My father was a lawyer,and I had always assumed he wanted me to go to law school,and follow his path through life.\"I want to travel,and I want to be a writer.\"I replied. This was not the answer he would expect.\"Interesting idea,\"he said.\"I kind of wish I'd done that when I was your age.\"I wailed. \"You have plenty of time.You need to find out what you really enjoy now.Look,it's late. Let's take the boat out tomorrow morning,just you and me. Maybe we can catch some crabs for dinner,and we can talk more.\" Early next morning we set off along the coast. We didn't talk much,but enjoyed the sound of the seagulls and the sight of the coastline and the sea beyond. There was no surf on the coastal waters at that time.\"Let's see if we get lucky,\"he said,picked up a mesh basket with a rope attached and threw it into the sea. We waited a while,then my father stood up and said,\"Give me a hand with this,\"and we pulled up the crab cage onto the deck. The cage was filled with dozens of soft shell crabs.\"Why don't they try to escape?\" \"just watch them for a moment. Look at that one,there!He's trying to climb out,but every time the other crabs pull him back in,\"said my father. After several times,not only did the crab give up its struggle to escape,but it actually began to help stop other crabs trying to escape.He'd finally chosen an easy way of life. Suddenly I understood why my father had suggested catching crabs that morning. He looked at me. \"Don't get pulled back by the others,\"he said.\"Spend some time figuring out who you are and what you want in life.Think about what's really important to you,what really interests you,what skills you have.If you can't answer these questions now,then take some time to find out. Because if you don't,you'll never be happy.\" My father started the motor and we set off back home. \n Answer: He was expecting some resistance to his job option.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following was TRUE about the son?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b58c80a6ef840539fe8fe4236b6e09a",
            "input": "Article: Shanghai Disney Resort will officially open and welcome its first guests on June 16, The Walt Disney Company and Shanghai Shendi Group announced early morning today. \"The resort will host a multi-day grand opening celebration, culminating in a spectacular welcoming ceremony for the resort's first official guests.\" The management of the resort said. At the opening, it will include the Shanghai Disneyland, a theme park with six themed lands, two themed hotels, Disneytown, a huge shopping, dining and entertainment district and Wishing Star Park. It will also celebrate China's rich heritage and cultural elements. \"Both shareholders and the board of directors agree this is the optimal time to welcome our first official guests to the resort,\" said Philippe Gas, general manager of the resort. Major construction of the resort is now complete and will be followed by extensive preparations to ensure the resort is fully operational and ready to greet millions of guests. The resort will continue to hire and train a new cast to join the current team of nearly 2,000 cast members and imaginers, according to the resort. The theme park's ticketing plan as well as other operational details of the resort will be announced at a later date. Shanghai Disneyland, the resort's theme park, will have six themed lands: Adventure Isle, Gardens of Imagination, Mickey Avenue, Tomorrow land, Treasure Cove and Fantasyland, with the Enchanted Storybook Castle, the largest castle in a Disney park. Shanghai Disney Resort broke ground in 2011. The iconic castle topped off in May 2015. \n Answer: Shanghai Disney Resort will have some unique Chinese features.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e8afa5e237d24adbafe2d70324715240",
            "input": "Article: Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of living space. The amount of space a person needs around him is a cultural difference, not an economic one. Knowing your own psychological  space needs is important because they strongly affect your choices, including, for example, the number of bedrooms in the home. If you were brought up in a two-child family and both you and your sister or brother had your own bedrooms, the chances are, if you have two children or more, that you also will offer separate bedrooms for them. In America, for example, they train people to want to have their own rooms by giving them their own rooms when they are babies. This is very rare in the world. In many other countries, the baby sleeps in the same bed with his parents or in bed near them. The space in the home also shows a lot about psychological space needs. Some families gather closer to each other and the size of their house has nothing to do with it. Others have separate little corners where family members go to bed alone. Although it is true that psychological space needs are not decided by economic reasons, they sometimes have to be changed a little because of economic pressures. It is almost impossible, however, to completely change your psychological space needs. \n Answer: Knowing your psychological space needs is important, as it affects your future.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-99c673e0cbb54133bd9381bbf0e1d875",
            "input": "Article: Britons spend as much as nearly five hours a week keeping their homes clean, a survey found. Kitchens are cleaned most often, while doing the oven and windows are the least popular jobs. In total, they spend just over PS1 billion a year on products to keep the dirt at bay -- almost PS40 per household. Market analyst Mintel found a clear division of labour. While the average Briton spends 4 hours, 40 minutes cleaning their home each week, men spend just 3 hours, 53 minutes compared to 5 hours, 25 minutes for women. And while seven in ten women say they do most of the cleaning, this falls to four in ten for men. Confirming many parents' feelings, only one in five adult children and over living at their parents' home helps with cleaning chores, with children under 18 doing even less. Last year, the household cleaning market was worth PS1.06 billion, which equates to annual spending of PS39.89 per household. Those looking for the cleanest homes in the country should head to Scotland, where people spend an average of five fours, 6 minutes, which is closely followed by East and West Midlands at five hours, 1 minute. In comparison, the least number of hours spent in cleaning is spent in the southeast/East Anglia at four hours, 18 minutes. The southwest and Wales stand at four hours, 46 minutes, the northwest four hours, 44 minutes, and Yorkshire and the Humber four hours, 21 minutes. According to Richard Caines, Mintel's senior household care analyst, men still lag women in the household cleaning stakes and spend on average an hour and a half less time cleaning their home, suggesting an opportunity for a campaign to encourage more cleaning by men to helpredressthis imbalance. The number of households that need cleaning is continuing to grow, but pressure on time from increasingly busy lives limits the number of hours people are willing or able to spend cleaning their homes. This means the market will see an increasing focus on easy-to-use, but effective hard surface cleaners and cleaning equipment. Such products can help encourage more cleaning to be done in less time, but as well as focusing on more convenient products, cleaning brands can also inject an element of fun into campaigns through encouraging a more shared approach that involves the whole family. This will also help to address the gender imbalance and get older children to make more of a contribution to cleaning. \n Answer: Scotland.",
            "output": [
                "In which area do people spend the most time cleaning their home each week?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a398e7db9f394b95b35a9f4936f45e01",
            "input": "Article: When my daughter Sally was five, I bought Grimm's Fairy Tales and read Snow White to her one night. At the end of the original Grimm tale, Snow White's stepmother is made to put on red-hot iron shoes and dance until she falls down dead. This came as something of a shock. I always thought fairytales had happy endings. And I didn't want my five-year-old daughter going to sleep thinking: \"Thank goodness they tortured   that old woman to death.\" That's when I decided to write fairy tales. In the years that followed, I wrote tales non-stop and read them to Sally at bedtime. The Corn Dolly was based on a child who was always complaining; The Silly King was just a silly story Sally loved; I wrote The Witch and the Rainbow Cat for Sally because of her enormous  appetite for stories about witches while Dr Bonocolus's Devil is a new version of the Faust legend. Nifobobinus, however, was different. I wrote this book when Sally was older and took up all things girls have to do -- who's friends with who, who stuck a sticker on the back of whose boyfriend, or whatever thing she felt funny. Nicobobinus, the boy who could do anything, came out of my desire for a more innocent world. He lived a 1ong time ago, in a city called Venice. Only his best friend, Rosie, knew he could, and nobody took any notice of anything Rosie said, because she was always having wild ideas anyway. Nicobobinus was so different that it turned out to be an instant hit. The Times called me \"an author setting out to _ the classic fairytales\". I asked Sally what she thought of Nicobobinus. She said it was her favourite. \n Answer: The frightening ends of past fairy tales.",
            "output": [
                "What led the writer to start writing fairy tales for her daughter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c5a35c74d9ed478fa0ff08843d5a25bb",
            "input": "Article: The language used by scientists to explain complex ideas can be difficult and sometimes even boring. The language, with its Latin words and long scientific terms, could be one reason some people avoid learning about science, especially children. American Danielle Dixson is a marine biologist. She wants to make science fun for children. Dixson has turned that idea into a series of children's books. The nine books are written so that her research is easy to understand. \"I just don't really think kids should be left out of it and I thought that story books may be one of the easiest ways to sort of captivate them and have them understand.\" Danielle Dixson is an assistant professor at the University of Delaware. Dixson says another goal of her science writing is to help increase understanding of the ocean environment. She spent almost two years in the South Pacific working on her post-doctoral research. She went to the island nation of Fiji to investigate coral reefs that are collapsing or, as she says, degrading. The goal of her research is to identify why some healthy coral reefs are breaking down. She also wants to find out how this degradation affects fish that live in and around the reefs. \"A number of the reefs are converting from being, you know, these beautiful coral reef systems that have a lot of holes for animals to hide in, into reefs that the coral's degrading and collapsing and then there is not as much hiding spaces for fishes and things like that.\" Early in her research, Dixson made some videos for people in Fiji. The videos explained her work to the local community. She says she wanted them to understand how her research would help them. For the local children, Dixson started making books explaining her work. This helped to keep them from walking through her \"laboratory\" - baby pools filled with water she was using for her experiments. \"I was living, actually, in the village with some of the locals. It was a lot easier to get research done if they understood what I was doing and how it would help them. And one of the ways that I was able to connect with the adults was I would make these videos for them. And then I started making children's books for the kids so that they would have a better idea of why I was there, so that when I ask them not to walk through the baby pools I was using for experiments or something like that, that that would actually happen.\" she added. When Dixson returned to the United States, she started doing the same thing for children in this country. She uses color1ful story books to capture the imagination of children. While she has their attention, she provides very useful information about science. As a marine scientist, Dixson wants her stories to be both educational and inspirational, serving as an agent for change. She also includes in her books \"a call to action,\" asking readers what they can do to make a difference. \"One of the things I do in those story books is I have a last page. And the last page talks about what you can do to help. You know, there is a lot of things that even a 6-year-old is able to do, whether it's shutting your lights off when you leave a room, or riding your bike to your friend's house instead of having your parents drive you. There is a lot of stuff that they can do and still feel they're making a difference.\" Danielle Dixson's books shine a light on the environmental problems facing our world's oceans. They also make science fun and understandable for children. But her books may have an unintended consequence, something she may not have planned on. \n Answer: People don't need to understand science at all.",
            "output": [
                "What may lead to people's negative attitude toward science learning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-945cc7eb18de4c0d8cc09eb3c379412c",
            "input": "Article: This busy and popular hotel requires a Junior Chef. You will need to be energetic, enthusiastic with a minimum of five years' kitchen experience. You must assist the head and senior chefs in the creation of new dishes. Annual salaries range from 20,000 to 25,000 pounds. Please send or e-mail your CV to the Personnel Administrator Hydo Hotel, Mount Road Eastbourne BN207HZ eclaine.ward@hydrohotel.com. We are looking for a kitchen assistant willing to learn the day-to-day jobs in a professional kitchen environment. You must have a passion  for cooking and basic understanding of spoken English. You will mainly be working for a well-known company and learn valuable cheffing skills. The salary will be based on experience but could start from 12,500 pounds to 14,000 pounds annually plus tips. Please forward your CV and a letter of recommendation. 01428644460 Kitchen Manager. Spirit Pub Company is looking for the best individuals to lead our kitchen teams through some very exciting new developments. As an experienced Kitchen Manager, you will play an important role in engaging the chef team by great leaderships to deliver excellent standards and guest satisfaction. We can offer a starting salary of up to 27,000 pounds plus a bonus worth an extra 2,000 pounds per year for the right candidates. If you have what it takes to join our company, please provide your CV with your application. 07044338313 Food Service Assistant, South East Food Service Assistant required. Salary starts from 15,000 pound to 20,000 pounds annually. We are seeking a General Assistant for a Care Home East Sussex. Assisting the Cook and kitchen team in the food preparation of freshly prepared meals, washing up and cleaning of all kitchen areas. Previous experience would be an advantage. 07044338228 \n Answer: Junior chef.",
            "output": [
                "Which job probably offers the second highest salary?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f8a14efdeab949af81beb255b0a10fe8",
            "input": "Article: Whenever you buy something, it is possible that someone has already worn, eaten, or tested it to make sure it is safe and do what is supposed to do. But what if you wanted a special suit to keep a shark from hurting you? Who wants to test a product like it? \"I do! \" says Jeremiah Sullwan, a scientist in   California  \"You have to believe in what you sell, right?\" Sullivan. owns SharkArmor Tech, a company that makes a  $ 49400 sharksuit that even a great white shark can' t bite through. Before Sullivan could sell his sharksuits, he needed to make sure his design would work. Sullivan put on the sharksuit and jumped into a shark feeding ground. \"I need to know exactly what a human body could expect to go through,\" he says. Sharks moved all around him and then attacked his arm. Sullivan felt the bite but no teeth. He was uncomfortable at times, but not painful. The suit works! \" \"I've now been bitten thousands of times but. never badly,\" says Sullivan, who now works with shows like Wild Kingdom, and programs for the Discovery Channel's Shark Week. So,are you all set to buy a sharksuit? Before you do, you should know that the suit weighs 20 pounds and makes swimming almost impossible-- _ . And in fact, Sullivan wants only professionals, such as filmmakers, scientists and drivers, to have sharksuits. Why? Because even if someone is wearing a sharksuit, they could get seriously hurt if they treat diving with a 4,OOO-pound shark as a game. During sharksuit testing, sharks have thrown Sullivan to a bottom o/ reefs  and tried to take him off into the deepest part of the ocean. \"However,\" Sullivan says,\" you don't need to be afraid of sharks. It's actually pretty hard to get a shark to bite you, \" \n Answer: To see if his sharksuit works.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Sullivan get close to sharks?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2a29492157cb43eca0cc9109c42a7ccb",
            "input": "Article: Forget hard work and perseverance. Getting ahead is as simple as tidying your desk. According to a leading expert, having a cluttered environment reflects a cluttered mind, but the act of tidying up can help you be more successful. The advice comes from Jayne Morris, the resident\"life coach\" for NHS Online, who said it is no good just moving the mess around. In order to clear the mind, unwanted items must be thrown away to free your \"inner world\", she said. Ms Morris, who claims to have coached celebrities to major business figures, said:\"Clearing clutter from your desk has the power to transform your business. \" How? Because clutter in your outer environment is the physical sign of all the clutter going on inside of you. \" Clearing clutter has a chain effect across your entire life, including your work. Having an untidy desk covered in clutter could be stopping you achieving the business success you want. \" She is sure cleaning up will be helpful even though some of history's biggest achievers lived and worked in messy conditions. Churchill was considered untidy from a boy throughout his life, from his office to his artist's studio,and the lab where Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin was famously untidy. Among the recommendations is that simply tidying a desk at work and an overflowing filing cabinet  will instantly have a positive impact on \"your inner world. \" Anything that is no longer used should not be put into storage but thrown away completely. Keeping something in the loft, garage or other part of the house, does not help because it is still connected to the person \"by tiny energetic li.nes\", Ms Morris. claims. She said, \"The things in your life that are useful to you, that add value to your life, that serve a current purpose are charged with positive energy that refreshes you and enriches your life. But the things that you don't ever use and don't need anymore have the opposite effect on your energy. Things that no longer fit or serve you, use up your energy. \" \n Answer: You can pack up your things in garage or loft to cheer you up.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements does Ms Morris agree to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9255c3ccf3474c5895970ff7b3a52876",
            "input": "Article: When many of us take a vacation, more than anything, we seek to relax. We spend long, lazy days on a beach chair or in a hammock  . But too often, we return home, very very tired. It doesn't have to be this way. Come home _ after an active trip! And you won't be too tired! Active vacations are often the most relaxing ones of all. We don't expect you to take up jogging or backpacking. Rather, we ask the sedentary   vacationers to spend two to four hours a day doing things, such as walking in city streets, going to a zoo or biking beside the ocean. These kinds of activities aren't just good for your physical health. They improve your mental health and even your spiritual health. And they make vacations memorable and worthwhile. Here are some fresh ideas to make your vacations as pleasurable as they are active and healthy. *A walk at dawn or dusk can make you feel or look young again. Try to make this a daily thing that is done regularly. *Don't allow yourself to spend all your time sitting in front of the water. *Many of us spend a large part of our vacations on the road, either getting to and from our destinations, or using the car for sightseeing. But no matter how beautiful the scenery is, great memorable vacations don't happen in a car seat. \n Answer: To show us how to make our vacations relaxing.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9194cbd9695f40d9bcbbf5c8f44f32e4",
            "input": "Article: \"Extra? Extra! Gasoline hits four dollars a gallon!\"                 No one will really be shocked -- except, perhaps, the old-timers who tell about the good old days when gas was three gallons for a dollar, and people drove around \"just for the fun of it\". As a matter of fact, the price of gas has been rising fast and steadily for several years, and many adjustments have already been made.                  There was, for a time, considerable unemployment in the auto industry, and three quarters of the garages and service stations have gone out of business. However, the bicycle and motor-scooter business has flourished , and many people have found employment there. Now that Federal Motors has brought out its new Lilliput, which travels forty miles on a gallon, the auto business is picking up again. The factories that haven't switched over to two-wheel transportation are working on their new smaller models. There is talk, too, about bringing out new steam and electric automobiles that will be just as economical as the old cars. In the meantime, streetcars are gradually replacing buses all over the country because of the greater economy of electric power. And many people who have seldom used public transportation are now riding the streetcars while their automobiles rust in their garages. There's no market at all for their big, luxurious cars, for only the wealthy can now afford to operate them. Many people are now shopping in their own neighborhood, and small businesses are thriving.                  Ministers, educators, and editorial writers are pointing out that there has been a great improvement in family life. Families now stay at home more for their fun, and children and parents are becoming better acquainted. The stores report a booming business in parlor games, hobby materials, books, musical instruments and albums.                  People have lost their pale indoor look. The revival of the lost art of walking has brought a healthy pink back to many a cheek. This return to the heels has revolutionized the clothing styles; people now need to be ready for all kinds of weather.                  These conditions, however, may not last. Already our clever chemists are at work on new synthetic fuels which, they say, will put us right back where we were -- on wheels. Shall we wish them success or not? \n Answer: People shop in nearby stores without having to drive, so small businesses are declining.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT a result of the gas price rising?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3360298b38db473c89af844c9cb5e09d",
            "input": "Article: Blind tasting is a very strange activity. Contrary to what many people imagine, it has nothing to do with blindfolds. It involves tasting a wine without seeing the label and it can deliver shocking surprises. I tasted seven champagnes   blind with a group of professionals recently. There was a shock when they discovered the wine most of them preferred carried a label they regarded as their least favorite. That sort of result is especially common with champagne, the most image-driven rather than quality-driven wine of all. But it happens all the time when wine is tasted blind. Because I'm interested in how wines really taste instead of how I think they should, I taste wine blind as often as I can, especially when assessing similar young wines. But blind tasting when you know absolutely nothing about the wine in front of you is something completely different. The most difficult Master of Wine exams include three sessions during which you have a dozen glasses in front of you and nothing more helpful than a printed exam paper asking you to identify each wine as closely as possible, and assess its quality. Now that the MW is behind me, I taste wine completely blind only very rarely, and never in public. So my blind tastings these days are round the dinner table with good friends and once a year when I act as a judge, with Hugh Johnson, in the Oxford vs Cambridge wine-tasting competition. This is the most extraordinary match, always held before the Boat Race but taken just as seriously nowadays. This year's taste-off took place at the end of last month, as usual in the Oxford and Cambridge Club on Pall Mall in London. \n Answer: Blind tasting is tasting a wine without seeing the label.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about Blind tasting?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad9f767f86a84c9b80d739265bce0703",
            "input": "Article: A \"match of the century\" between human champion of the Chinese board game Go   and Google's computer program kicked off in Seoul on Wednesday, which drew great attention. The first game of the five-game match started at about 1 p.m.local time (0400 GMT) at Four Seasons Hotel in central Seoul.It will run through next Tuesday to determine the winner between South Korean Lee Sedol, the world Go champion in the past 10 years, and AlphaGo, developed by Google's London-based subsidiary DeepMind. The match of the century drew great attention from news organizations, Go fans and the general public across the world as well as in South Korea as it is seen as a representative match between humans and artificial intelligence (AI). The Korea Baduk Association, a body for South Korean Go professionals, had received advance applications for an explanatory event of the match, but the limit of 60 seats had already surpassed. South Korea's public broadcaster KBS plans to broadcast live the match from 12:40 to 5 p.m., extending its initial   plan to air it for two hours from 3 p.m.due to great interests from the general public.It is unusual for the public broadcaster to broadcast live the Go game for more than four hours. Cable channel TV Chosun will broadcast the match's development every 10 minutes on Wednesday and Thursday, while planning to air live the whole matches on Saturday and Sunday. The match is being aired live through YouTube around the world, while various Internet websites and TVs are broadcasting the landmark match. Hundreds of journalists from around the world gathered at the venue   to report on the match between Lee and AlphaGo. AlphaGo took the world by surprise as it defeated European Go champion Fan Hui in October last year.Some experts had predicted it would take decades of years for AI to defeat humans at the ancient Chinese board game. Go, which originated in China more than 2,500 years ago, has been viewed as a grand challenge for AI due to its complexity and intuitive nature.It involves two players, who take turns putting markers   on a grid-shaped board to gain more areas on it.One can occupy the markers of the opponent by surrounding the pieces of the other. \n Answer: Because it is seen as a representative match between humans and AI.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the match draw so much attention in the world?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1f144864a57644b99984c5eb2823d1c9",
            "input": "Article: It's a safe bet that a robot made your car and made your computer. Pretty soon, they could be making your bed and breakfast too.      Increasingly, engineers are saying that robots are going to move out of research departments and into your home. Companies including General Electric are working on designs for small robots. Products like the Roomba, a robot that can clean floors, are flying off the shelves.      What's behind this new robot revolution? It's partly a matter of technology. Devices that can recognize and respond to a human voice have been developed. There are now a few different ways for robots to move around. They can walk, crawl or ride on wheels. Robots are being made smaller and smaller. They are also becoming more and more able.      A bigger part of the story is on the demand side. From the day the television remote control was invented, people around the world have searched for new ways to be lazy. Take into consideration that more and more people can afford robots, and the time seems ripe to introduce robots to the ordinary family.     To be sure, robots that walk on two legs and talk like people are still a long way off. However, robots that do basic housework such as cleaning or gardening are sure to come out soon. One thing is certain--when these robots do come into our homes, it will change things forever. \n Answer: Great demand from the buyers.",
            "output": [
                "Which plays a more important role in revolutionizing the robot?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c25c94fd04e344a0a8c2c4d4c3f02baa",
            "input": "Article: Salesman Ramesh lived in the southern part of India. He got his first assignment in the month of June, the start of the rainy season in the area. He was given a list of local laundry owners whom he had to approach and sell products to. He was scared and thought he wouldn't be able to fulfill the task, but he accepted the challenge as he had no other choice.     The next day he started approaching the laundry owners, and within 15 days he got a really nice response. Most of them purchased his products, but they borrowed money from Ramesh to buy the products. Everyone promised to pay him back within the next 15 days.     During the last week of June amidst heavy showers, he started visiting the laundry owners to collect money. Upon visiting half of them, he realized he hadn't collected a penny.     After almost 14 days, on a bright sunny Monday morning, he started visiting the laundry owners once again. Suddenly, by noon Ramesh realized that he had collected the payments from almost 50% of the owners.     He worked hard throughout the day, and by the end of the day he had completed 90% of his target for June and July. At last, he became the \"star performer\" for the months of June and July.     Why did the laundry owners look at the sky and tell him to come the next day when Ramesh visited them? He went to a laundry owner and asked him the question. The owner said, \"This is the month of the rainy season and we have to wash the clothes, dry them off and iron them before handing them over to customers. If the sun doesn't shine, how can we dry our clothes and earn money to pay you back?\" Ramesh then realized that it was his patience and endurance that kept him going and ultimately helped him achieve success.     Like Ramesh, each one of us should realize that apart from being honest and hard-working, if we can keep our patience, we are inching up the ladder of success. \n Answer: He accomplished his sales task perfectly within 10 days.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about Ramesh?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5e63dfdb74ba4f938ec36de2f7995e68",
            "input": "Article: The head of the World Health Organization (WTO) yesterday warned of worsening health in the country's vast rural areas while praising the government for its commitment on improving healthcare in the countryside.   \"The health indicators have failed to improve in pace with economic indicators.\"          said Margared Chan when addressing a conference on rural primary healthcare in prefix = st1 /China.   \"The health gap between rural and urban areas has grown even wider and health in parts of rural China is  deteriorating ,\"she said, adding medical costs are rising faster than the growth of per capital income in rural areas.   She said she appreciated the government's efforts and plans to build a medical system for all people. Saying \"when fair and accessible public health services become the clear targets of a country's public health policy, people's health will improve.\"   The WTO chief said she noticed that the tasks on improving people's well-being in the report by Party chief Hu Jintao at the 17thNational Congress of the Communist Party of China included a basic medical insurance system for urban dwellers and a cooperative medical care system in rural areas.   She said recent WTO research has found that diseases are the source of poverty for 30 to 50 percent of the rural population of 737 million.   A growing number of rural people, especially the aged, are suffering from various diseases; however, few have access to decent healthcare, she told the conference.   Chan criticized the practice of allowing healthcare services to be commercialized in rural areas, warning it will cause the patients more suffering.   The government has pledged to provide its population with basic medical care by 2020.   It's expanding medical care through the Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme, a plan under which subscribers  are provided with 50 yuan($6.4) per person--20 yuan ($2.6) each from the central and local governments and 10 yuan ($1.3) from the individual.   Vice-Minister of Health Chen Xiaohong said nearly 85 percent of the country's rural area, or 2,429 counties, are participating in the plan. \n Answer: Healthcare developed more slowly than economics.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ee319d271d86419697e2da43bd6272bf",
            "input": "Article: Cats are very smart. They are one of the smartest animals. The brain of a cat is large.  It is highly developed. This may be why cats have good memories. Cats remember kindness and cruelty. It is a good idea to treat a cat well. Cats can \"speak\" too. They meow for attention. Often they stand by a door. Then they meow. Then they look over their shoulders. They want to see if their owners are coming. Cats make other noises also. They purr when they are happy. They hiss when they are angry. Cats have a lot of pride. They don't usually do silly tricks. Almost all cats want to have their own way. They are mostly true to only one person. They don't switch loyalty easily. Cats were free in the wild. They want to stay that way. They like to be their own masters. When a cat is left alone, it can go back to caring for itself. It can live in the wild again. This is different from dogs. Dogs will switch their loyalty. At one time dogs were loyal to the leaders of their packs. Now, they will transfer allegiance to their owner. They do not like to be alone. With kindness, a cat can be trained. Cats can learn to do many things. Some cats can learn to open doors. Some can ring doorbells. Some can even turn on water tap. Then they take a drink. Cats are very smart. Before drinking, they put a paw in the water. They test whether the water is hot or cold. \n Answer: The Characteristics of Cats.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7789620da9024cf4bf994eaaac3459ca",
            "input": "Article: Square dancing is a form of entertainment and physical exercise, which is a good thing. However, a group of senior Chinese ladies dancing in New York's Sunset Park were recently faced with noise complaints from nearby residents. The local court even served a summons   related to a certain Ms. Wang. The news soon caused heated discussion across China, with many believing the incident to involve a cultural conflict between the East and West,while others view it as a form of discrimination against Chinese in the United States. The United States is a diverse society, and in many cases, Chinese dancers are tolerated and even appreciated. Meanwhile, the United States is a society based on the rule of law, and due to cultural differences, local regulations seem to be very different from those in China. As a result, some old Chinese ladies dancing in New York's Sunset Park found themselves caught in an embarrassing situation. Locals and immigrants from other nations view such noise as a violation of their right to enjoy _ . Calling the police is regarded as the most efficient way to solve such a problem. Before, these ladies probably did not understand local customs and rules. However, since the incident took place, they should perhaps know a little better next time and keep the noise to a minimum. People from different nations are often supposed to reach compromises, respecting and tolerating each other. Whatever your choice of entertainment, it is important not to affect other people's lives. Square dancing is only one of many activities during which people should mind their behavior. As for U.S. police practice, there might still be some room for improvement. Some were said to be rather rude, leading to the so-called \"racial discrimination,\" which is a sensitive topic in U.S. society. If the involved parties could be more tolerant, and solve such problems without involving the court, perhaps immigrants would mix more. \n Answer: Keep the noise lower.",
            "output": [
                "What will the senior Chinese ladies most probably do after the incident?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4f7b5d3ba2b24106bb4e0d54891ce675",
            "input": "Article: The Collections of Chinese Ancient Cultural Relics Abroad: Volume Victoria and Albert Museum has just been published, the fruit of ten years' efforts by Chinese experts. The book is the first of an upcoming series that centers on ancient cultural heritage  collections in different museums around the world. The book details 195 out of 18,000 items now in the Victoria and Albert Museum in England. More than 1.64 million ancient Chinese artifacts have been transported out of China because of different reasons such as wars and smuggling  since the mid 19th century. More than 200 museums in 47 countries hold such collections, according to a report from UNESCO. \"The information we now have about these pieces is still very patchy ,\" said Lu Zhangshen, curator  of the National Museum of China. \"In order to have a clearer picture about these items, National Museum of China decided to start the Chinese Ancient Cultural Relics Abroad book project in 2005. But after we began, we found it really difficult to collect information for every piece from each museum. That's why the first volume took us ten years.\" \"The pieces in the book include 102 porcelains , 31 bronzes , 22 lacquer , 10 enamel vessels  and so on,\" Liu Mingqian from Victoria and Albert Museum said. According to the National Museum of China, the volume of the Japanese museum Sen-oku Hakuko Kan is coming out soon and the museum will seek more cooperation from museums worldwide to accelerate  the project. \n Answer: meaningful but difficult",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best describes Lu Zhangshen's attitudes towards the Chinese Ancient Cultural Relics Abroad book project?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a471648ec461456eb3b547003f46ba42",
            "input": "Article: Born on April 4, 1928, Maya Angelou had a hard childhood. Her parents got divorced  when she was very young. She was a single mother and being a single mother was very hard on her. It was finally in 1949 that she started to find her place in the world when she changed her name to show her Calypso dance performances at the night club where she worked. It was there that she won a scholarship and trained in African dance and modern dance. She formed a group and they traveled all over Europe with an opera production. As she traveled, she studied different languages and became excellent in several of them. During this time, she made her first album, Miss Calypso, and it was a success. In the 1950s, she moved to New York and started to work more on her writing. She heard Dr Martin Luther King speak in 1960 and began organizing different benefits for Civil Rights . In 1961, she began to play a large role in the Civil Rights Movement and is remembered for her work around the country. She later moved to Ghana with her son and worked in the University of Ghana's School of Music and Drama. It was there that she became close friends with Malcolm X. She returned to the US in 1964 to help Malcolm X with a new Civil Rights movement. Shortly after she returned to the US, Malcolm X and Dr King were both assassinated . To deal with the deaths of her friends, she wrote her first book, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, which finally made her famous around the world. The 1970s were some of her most productive years as a writer, poet, as well as a singer. \n Answer: Maya Angelou: a life of hard work and success",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0c8027c6df2d404687968bafa2ba7856",
            "input": "Article: The term culture now is more used to describe everything from the fine arts to the outlook of a business group or a sports team. In its original sense, however, culture includes all identifying aspects of a racial group, nation, or empire: its physical environment, history, and traditions, its social rules and economic structure, and its religious beliefs and arts. The central beliefs and customs of a group are handed down from one generation to another. It is for this reason that most people regard culture as learned rather than innate. People acquire a culture because they are not born with one. The process by which a person develops a taste for regional foods, accented speech, or an outlook on the world over time, therefore, is known as enculturation  . Cultures are often identified by their symbols -- images that are familiar and coated with meaning. Totem poles   carved with animals and creative figures suggest aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest but more literally represent specific tribes. In Asia and India, the color1 of yellow is connected with temples while in ancient China it was a color1 only the emperor's family was allowed to wear. Thus, different cultures may respond to a symbol quite differently. For example, to some a flag may represent pride, historical accomplishments, or ideals; to others, however, it can mean danger or oppression.  To individuals unfamiliar with cultures outside their own, the beliefs, behaviors, and artistic expression of other groups can seem strange and even threatening. A society that ranks all other cultures against its own standards is considered to be ethnocentric (from the Greek ethnos, meaning \"people,\" and kentros, meaning \"center\"). A strongly ethnocentric society assumes also that what is different from its own culture is likely to be inferior and, possibly, wrong or evil.  All people are ethnocentric to some degree, and some aspects of ethnocentrism, such as national pride, contribute to a well-functioning society. An appreciation for one's own culture, however, does not prevent acceptance and respect for another culture. History documents the long-term vigor and success of multicultural groups in which people from numerous and various cultural backgrounds live and work together. Extreme ethnocentrism, in contrast, can lead to racism -- the belief that it is race and racial origin that account for variations in human character or ability and that one's own race is superior to all others. \n Answer: Culture, a distinctive identity of a nation",
            "output": [
                "Which might be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-543fb9f6bd2040b79edf72b70effe486",
            "input": "Article: Parents, our first teachers, play a highly significant role in our lives.However, doesn't it seem that many of us come to have conflicts with them when we start high school? We're less likely to listen to them and take their suggestions--we even rebel against them. Why? It may be the so-called \"generation gap\".A generation gap appears when we begin to feel our parents are ignoring us, don't understand us, and we feel we can no longer share our feelings with them. The key reason is our desire for independence.In senior high school, we start to want to take responsibility for our own lives and make our own decisions.But parents resist this.They still want to control us and try to force us to do things they think we should do.Debate and discussion often come to nothing.Gradually, we talk with them less, and keep our feelings locked up inside. Zhang Xiaoyun, 16, of Ningbo, Zhejiang, has talked less and less with her mother since she started senior high school.\"She believes studies should be my priority, not my inner world,\" Zhang said.\"Each day, she asks me the same old questions like, 'How was your last exam? or 'Have you made any progress in physics?\" To Zhang, these questions are annoying and so she always tries to ignore them and answers _ .\"Sometimes, when I get upset, I quarrel with her.After, she comes to apologize and comfort me.But I know, she doesn't completely understand me,\" Zhang said.Now, a home that was once full of laughter has fallen into gloom and silence. The generation gap can be harmful.Because of the lack of communication, our parents no longer know what we are thinking about.There are quarrels, even over trivial things.When that happens, we may not be able to concentrate on our studies.Some of us even become afraid to go home after school-- a very serious situation for the whole family. \n Answer: Ways of narrowing generation gap.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not included in article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3a23cfcb5bd842bf8972bf01981b52e9",
            "input": "Article: It has been known that the octopus has many special skills, such as using hard shells for mobile homes and protection, disabling their suckers, plotting escapes, and even predicting World Cup soccer game outcomes. Can't we say it is a mysterious creature? While all these talents are impressive, they pale compared to its ability to \"disappear\" from plain sight. Researchers have long known that this is possible because of the presence of the organs under their skin, which expand or contract to produce a series of color1s, patterns and even skin textures in just milliseconds. Scientists had always believed that such a reaction was directed by a signal from the octopus's large, human-like eyes or brain. But a recent report published in the Journal of Experimental Biology by researchers from the University of California at Santa Barbara, indicate that the animal does not have to wait for a signal from its eyes or brain. It can \"see\" the light with its skin! UCSB doctoral student Desmond and Professor Todd said they have seen reports about octopus skin changing color1s in response to light with no signal from the eye or brain. However, there had been no follow-up to find out why this was the case and the two decided to see what they could uncover. They began by taking skin samples from a couple of California octopuses and exposing them to color1s, ranging from violent to orange and found that their skin is equipped with the same light-sensitive protein as is found in the cells in the retina of the eyes. Thanks to these proteins, the octopus can \"see\" the light and react without having to wait for a signal from the eyes or brain, thus enabling it to begin the escape process. Another research by University of Maryland researchers discovered that cuttlefish and squid share the same talent. Thanks to these findings researchers now know that their skin color1 can be controlled by both. What is still not clear is how the two come together to manage the whole process. The doctoral student plans to get to the bottom of the mystery. \n Answer: Their ability to escape from the sight of their enemy.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the octopus's skills impresses people most according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-83f619d641f74b16863031fdd2f2e1e3",
            "input": "Article: We recently read a report on China's environmental problems, based on reports from Singapore's Straits Times. There was one statistic that shocked us. Environmental experts claim that without some great change, pollution might, within five years, make the Yangtze River just about unsuitable for all forms of life to live in. The baiji, or the Yangtze River dolphin, was only the latest victim. According to the first report, in the 1980s there were 126 forms of life in the river, and by 2002, that figure was already down to 52.    Just how bad is the situation? The Yangtze River flows by 186 cities on its way from Qinghai to Shanghai, and in the process picks up 40% of China's polluted waste water. According to another report, in 2006, China produced a total of 53.7 billion tons of waste water. But that's not the worst news. By 2030, China might possibly use up between 89-100% of its sources of drinking water.    All of this begs a deeper question: What kind of water are they using when they pump 10 kilos of water into pigs headed for the slaughterhouse ? This is an important question because if its waste water is not fit for human to drink, there's a chance that some of whatever was in that water was in the pork you had for lunch today. And if the water is safe to drink, that's a waste of perfectly good water.    Another report we read, related to the Taihu algae  blooming that has left 3 million people in the Wuxi area without drinking water, claims(quite believably) that Taihu's environmental problems will never end until all the factories along the lake close down. The algae bloom is so bad there that lots of people have to take the algae out of the lake all day long instead of fishing. \n Answer: We can hardly see any forms of life in the river now.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Yangtze River according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a818a3e56c3240db8733c2f9bd722b63",
            "input": "Article: We often don' t give importance to minor things thinking they won' t matter. But at times, some things look very minor but their result can be really powerful. Here are some of the efforts which can change the relationship between parents and children. Pat your child when he loses:May it be failure in the class, or on the field, speak words of encouragement to your child. The trust and confidence in your relationship will go to another level. After all, words of encouragement during failure are more valuable than words of praise after success. Give him importance, like a member of the family:Hang his painting in your room or in the office, take his opinion when you are buying furniture for the house. Your child will believe in himself and be a winner throughout. Share your own experience when your child makes a mistake:When you see your child lying or stealing, share with him the mistakes you made in your life. He' 11 know it is all right to make mistakes and that he can share with you anything. Appreciate at least one quality in your child every day:Each day look at what qualities your child possesses and appreciate him, maybe for his caring attitude, his dance skills or his observation power. Tell him how proud you are of him because of those qualities. Become his age before bedtime:Jump on the bed, have pillow fights, act silly, dance--become a child with your child for sometime. You' 11 forget all your day's stress. Try these minor things; you' 11 see the love deepen and the relationship blossom. \n Answer: Children should be encouraged if they are in trouble.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8725268e38b644d692954ab6a9751adf",
            "input": "Article: Each year on the first Saturday in March, a group of middle-aged men and a few women gather at sunrise on a beach near prefix = st1 /St. Petersburg,Fla.Above the high-water line are more than 50 small boats. At exactly 7 a.m., Steve Isaac stands at the water's edge with his arm raised and yells: \"Go!\" Most of the boats are part of the Everglades Challenge. They head for a finish line many days and 300 miles to the south, at Key Largo. But this Saturday, for the first time, 10 of the brave mariners--including a journalist, whose progress will be available online--will compete in the world's toughest small boat race, called the Ultimate Florida Challenge.  Instead of finishing at Key Largo, the 10 boaters will continue around the state, heading north past Miami, the Kennedy Space Center, and Jacksonville, then down the Suwannee River, eventually passing most of Florida before arriving back at the beach near St. Petersburg. It will be 1,200 miles of head winds and burning sun. But it will also take the challengers through some of the most impressive scenery in North America. The rules are no-nonsense: First one back to the beach wins. The voyage must be completed within a month. Human power or sails, only. No motors. No rides in cars or tows from power boats. No help from family or friends. And at least once a day, participants are required to acknowledge by cell phone or radio that they are still alive.  The race will be a replay of the tale of the tortoise   and the rabbit. The trick, if there is one, is to be a tortoise and just keep moving forward. But the one-month deadline means that being too much of a tortoise may result in failure. So challengers have to be a little bit of a rabbit, as well. \n Answer: People can watch the 1200-mile race on the net this year.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ea1e467c24644c44b9d6139280fe362b",
            "input": "Article: I wasn't interested in becoming a model at first. I worked as a receptionist in a beauty shop during high school. It was in South Dakota. A woman who had worked for Vogue--a famous fashion magazine said to me, \"Why don't you go to New York and be a model?\" So I went to New York at eighteen. I went to the first model agency, they thought that I was too long-waisted. It was too bad since I came all the way from South Dakota. I did an information check on the internet and found that Hunting Hartford had just bought the agency. I looked up in the telephone book and dialed. Then I went there. About half an hour later, the man who had just taken over the agency--he had been a male model before--came in. I was just staring at this unfamiliar man when he said, \"You! Come into my office!\" How do you feel as a fashion model? Quite OK, I should say. But you stop thinking when you are working. It takes a lot of nervous energy as well because the camera goes one, two, three very fast and you have to move very fast. I like my job because it gives me freedom. I can have half a day off to do things I like. I can't do that if I do a normal job. I never like becoming a secretary. They have to sit in the office for eight hours a day, facing the same people. Most models, after one or two years, can't be still very interested in it. But I like being a model. Maybe I was a born one, as many people say. \n Answer: A woman customer in the beauty shop.",
            "output": [
                "Who inspired the author's desire to become a model?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d141048875624c3bb782fdb1e0151e86",
            "input": "Article: Hey there, So you're about to spend four years of your life and tens of dollars of your parents' money, and all  you really know about college is that all of your friends are going. Do you ever stop to wonder why  you're going?  *Relax. You're making the right decision. First of all, you'll discover what interests you by taking  courses in many subjects. For example, it's hard to decide if you want to be a painter if you've never  painted any pictures; once you're in a drawing-room on campus, you'll know one way or the other.  College is also a lot of fun--after you graduate, you'll be working every weekday for 50 or so years.  And remember that college graduate earn about twice the income of those who never attended college.  *Finding the right college can be difficult. Fortunately, Johnson Review is here to help you every  step of the way.  *Researching Schools. To us, the most important decision you'll make is to choose the school that  really fits you best -- not the one that is the most competitive or has the best-equipped rooms.  *Applying to School. On JohnsonReview.com., you'll find hundreds of actual college applications and links to many more.  *Raising Your Scores. American College Test is one of the most important parts of the admission course. It's not the most important, though, and everyone needs to prepare for the best. But, if you can do better, find the right course for better scores.  *Paying for School. Most families need financial aid for the high cost of college. The problem is  that financial aid seems difficult to get and many families get caught up in the price of college rather than learning the ways to get financial aid. If you really do your research, you'll learn that you can afford to attend any college, no matter the cost.  For more information, call 600-3681 or visit JohnsonReview.com.Wherever you go, have a nice trip! Johnson Smith  Founder and CEO Johnson Review \n Answer: 5",
            "output": [
                "How many reasons for going to college does the author mention in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-abbe8247c55249ebb8696a1281318623",
            "input": "Article: It's a nightmare for Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST): within a week,two students committed suicide by jumping off dorm buildings.,:,.  Officials from the university are _ to give interviews..  \"We had a hard time calming down students who were shocked at the suicides,\" said Zhang Jingyuan,one official of HUST. \"Media coverage may arouse some students' negative emotions again.Suicide can be contagious,\" Zhang said.,\",. \" The university reacted promptly to the first suicide on October 23.1023,.  Advisors and class leaders conducted dorm-to-dorm checks to find students suffering depression.Then psychologists offered one-on-one counseling to them.,. ,.  Notice boards publicizing tips for identifying peers' mental problems and offering help were set up in front of dorm buildings.Leaflets carrying similar information were handed out to each dorm.,. .  However,the second suicide came seven days later.,,.  Both students were described as men of few words.Their schoolmates didn't see anything to indicate suicide.,. .  Zhang revealed that the two students had been bothered by mental disorders.But the school didn't know this until the students' close friends outside school and their parents unveiled the truth after the suicides.,. ,.  According to Zhang,there are only three full-time counselors working in the university's counseling center for its 60,000 students.He complained: \"It's unrealistic to rely only on counselors to detect students' mental problems.\",,. :\",. \" Effective prevention comes from long-term education for life instead of temporary intervention to meet an emergency,said Hu Yi'an.Hu delivers a course of lectures on life and death at Guangzhou University.He worries that universities have paid little attention to education for life.,, . . .  \"Education for life helps students respect and love life so they won't resort to ending their lives when they have difficulties,\" said Hu.\", ,,,\" .  According to Hu,the principles can be incorporated into everyday teaching.,.  Hu is also concerned that some universities are conveying discriminatory message that will hold back students from seeking help..  When HUST conducted the dorm-to-dorm examination,students with poor academic performance were paid special attention.In March,Peking University also released a controversial policy,which required teachers to have a chat with students \"with biased thinking\".,. ,,\"\".  However,Hu suggested that students step out of their comfort zone to seek real-life communication. \n Answer: Handing out leaflets to each student.",
            "output": [
                "Which measure the university took to the first suicide is incorrect?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3942411d6f94475a9edf15cb494922f9",
            "input": "Article: As a funny student, Brian loved watching comedies   best and hoped to become a comedy actor one day. When he heard about the talent show   to be held at this school, Brian decided to take part in it. He had never acted in public before, and he was very excited. But some students laughed at him. \"You are not funny but silly,\" Ken, one of his classmates, said to his face. \"No one will like what you do,\" another boy also said to him, loudly. Brian couldn't understand why they were so unkind to him. For a moment, he thought about giving up the show. But he remembered how much his friends liked his jokes, and also his teachers said he was very funny. So he decided to prepare for the show. Brian did a great job at the talent show. Everyone loved his performance  , and he won the first prize! His teachers and friends were proud of him. Even so, Ken told Brian that he was not funny, and that he would never be successful. Brian didn't understand why Ken said so, but he realized that it had nothing to do with him. He confidently continued to work towards his dream. As the years went on, Brian met more people like Ken. \"You'll do a terrible job,\" they said to him. Luckily, most people encouraged him and some helped him to become even funnier. He got a lot of chances to perform in movies. He was even invited to appear on television. His fans thanked him because his comedies made them feel good when they were unhappy. Now Brian is a big comedy star! He is doing what he loves best. He never feels worried like those unkind people, and he laughs all day long! \n Answer: To be a comedy actor.",
            "output": [
                "What was Brian's wish as a student?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f2d361096d848cfb18967f59a5ad0c2",
            "input": "Article: Walking across the campus of Pittsburgh's prefix = st1 /CarnegieMellonUniversityone delightful spring day, I came upon a table filled with young people chatting and enjoying the fine weather. Several had identical blue T-shirts with \"Trilogy @ CMU\" written across them--Trilogy being an Austin, Texasbased software company with a reputation of recruiting  our top students. I walked over to the table. \"Are you guys here to recruit?\" I asked. \"No,  ly not,\" they replied firmly. \"We're not recruiters. We're just hanging out, playing a little frisbee with our friends.\" How interesting, I thought. They've come to campus on a workday, all the way from Austin, just to hang out with some new friends.    As I later learned, they were gifted students who had inked the highest-paying deal in the history of their departments.    I asked one young man why he was going to a smaller city in Taxas. The company is excellent, he told me. There are also terrific people and the work is challenging. Though he had several good job offers fromPittsburgh's high-tech firms and knew the city well, he said he felt the city lacked the life-styles options, cultural diversity, and tolerant attitude that would make it attractive to him. As he summed it up: \"How would I fit in here?\"   What a change from my own college days, just a little more than 20 years ago, when students would put on their dressiest clothes and carefully hide any counterculture tendencies to prove that they could fit in with the company. Today, apparently, it's the company trying to fit in with the students.   These young men and their lifestyles represent a lively new force in the enonomy and life ofAmerica. They are members of what I call the creative class: a fast-growing, highly educated, and well-paid part of the workforce on whose efforts corporate profits and economic growth increasingly depend. They do not consciously think of themselves as a class. Yet they share a common belief that values creativity, individuality, difference, and advantage. \n Answer: To meet their old school mates.",
            "output": [
                "Why were the young people in the university campus?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe61d91772284262b8f70b0baf28f79a",
            "input": "Article: Just five minutes of exercise a day outdoors can improve mental health, according to a study. Researchers from the University of Essex, UK have found that as little as five minutes of a \"green activity\" such as walking, gardening, cycling or farming could help to improve mood and increase self-esteem  . Many studies have shown that outdoor exercise can reduce the risk of mental illness and improve a sense of well-being, but the new study, led by Jules Pretty and Jo Barton, was the first to determine how much time needed to be spent on green exercise for the benefits to show. Barton and Pretty looked at data from 1,252 people of different ages, genders   and mental health status   taken from 10 studies in Britain. They analyzed their different outdoor activities including walking, gardening, cycling, fishing, boating, horse-riding and farming in locations such as a park, garden or nature trail  . They found that the mental health changes were seen after just five minutes. With longer periods of time exercising in a green environment, the positive effects were more apparent. Looking at men and women of different ages, the researchers found the health changes were particularly strong in the young and the mentally ill. Green and blue A bigger effect was seen with exercise in an area that also contained water - such as a lake or river. \"This is because historically we are drawn to water to survive and it is in our genetic   make-up to be at one with nature,\" the researchers wrote in their report. Pretty said those who were generally inactive, or stressed, or with mental illness would probably benefit the most from \"green exercise\". \"Employers, for example, could encourage staff in stressful workplaces to take a short walk at lunchtime in the nearest park to improve mental health.\" He also said exercise programs outdoors could benefit youth offenders. \n Answer: It determined the exact amount of time needed.",
            "output": [
                "How is the study this article refers to different from other studies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-85660d9eea84475d966aded959c222e2",
            "input": "Article: The popularity of farmers' markets combined with concerns over food security is making the number of school leavers taking agriculture courses increase rapidly, according to a study. Large numbers of 16- to 18-year-olds are going to study subjects such as agriculture, food and gamekeeping despite having no background in farming. Jeanette Dawson, principal of Bishop Burton College, said women were also taking up courses at an increasing rate. She said it was related to a series of food scandals  such as the discovery of horsemeat in frozen meals stocked by major supermarkets. But the movement was also promoted by an increased awareness of the importance of local food and produce, she said. The number of students taking courses in \"land-based subjects\" has increased by a quarter in the last 12 months alone - from 5,138 to 6,482. Mrs. Dawson said there were a lot of young people who weren't from farming backgrounds. But there had been a growth in the number of them accessing agriculture programes with a view to a career in the industry. She said agriculture was an  \"applied science, with the great outdoors as its laboratory\". And it was increasingly seen as an attractive job for school leavers. \"I never underestimate   the ability of teenagers to pick up on it. The more it is in the media, the more it interests young people. Whenever I go in my local pub, it has on the blackboard where the sausages   are from. Everyone is interested in buying local food and knowing where their food is from. The comments were made as Bishop Burton prepares to expand, with a PSI3 million project to build a new campus in Lincolnshire. The site - due to open in September 20l5 - will be the college's second in the county, in addition to one at nearby Riseholme. \n Answer: People are increasingly concerned about food security.",
            "output": [
                "What is making large numbers of students take agriculture courses?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0b7a3df9eab34f92847d17a65ac37a79",
            "input": "Article: Television has changed our lives in many ways. Many people now spend more time watching TV than doing anything else. Researchers in the USA has estimated that when most students leave school they have spent 11,000 hours in the classroom and 22,000 hours watching television. But what effect does this have? Benefits  of television: 1. Television helps us to learn more about the world and to know and see many mew things. Television can offer present information to us in a more effective way than books. It can also make things more _ . 2. It entertains   us. It is an enjoyable way to relax. For millions of people around the world, television is a source of companionship and helps them to cope with everyday life. 3. It has increased the popularity of sports and arts. 4. It has made us aware of our global responsibilities. In 2000, for example, 1.5billion people in 147 countries watched a TV pop concert and helped to collect more than $100million for people in Africa. Dangers: 1. Television can make us passive  . We don't have to think and our brains become lazy. 2. It encourages us to buy things that we don't need, and can make us unhappy with our own life. 3. It takes time away from activities such as reading, conversation, and games. 4. It gives a false picture of society. A study in 2003 showed that people who watch a lot of TV are more afraid of crime. They also think that there is a lot more crime than there really is . 5. Some critics  say that television make people violent. A ten-year study in the United States showed that children who watch violent television programmes are more likely to be violent themselves. \n Answer: They spend twice as much time on TV as in the classroom.",
            "output": [
                "What's the proper description of the time American students spend on TV and study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cc1adf1ff4c14ab792c491bf2838ff21",
            "input": "Article: The statistics I've cited and the living examples are all too familiar to you. But what may not be so familiar will be the increasing number of women who are looking actively for advancement of for a new job in your offices. This woman may be equipped with professional skills and perhaps valuable experience. She will not be content to be Executive Assistant to Mr. Seldom Seen of the Assistant Vice President's Girl Friday, who is the only one who comes in on Saturday. She is the symbol of what I call the Second Wave of Feminism. She is the modern woman who is determined to be. Her forerunner was the radical feminist who interpreted her trapped position as a female as oppression by the master class of men. Men, she believed, had created a domestic, servile role for women in order that men could have the career and the opportunity to participate in making the great decisions of society. Thus the radical feminist held that women through history had been oppressed and dehumanized, mainly because man chose to exploit his wife and the mother of his children. Sometimes it was deliberate exploitation and sometimes it was the innocence of never looking beneath the pretensions of life. The radical feminists found strength in banding together. Coming to recognize each other for the first time, they could explore their own identities, realize their own power, and view the male and his system as the common enemy. The first phases of feminism in the last five years often took on this militant, class-warfare tone. Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, Germaine Greer, and many others hammered home their ideas with a persistence that aroused and intrigued many of the brightest and most able women in the country. Consciousness-raising groups allowed women to explore both their identities and their dreams--and the two were often found in direct conflict. What is the stereotyped role of American women? Marriage. A son. Two daughters. Breakfast. Ironing. Lunch. Bowling, maybe a garden club of for the very daring, non-credit courses in ceramics. Perhaps an occasional cocktail party. Dinner. Football or baseball on TV. Each day the same. Never any growth in expectations--unless it is growth because the husband has succeeded. The inevitable question: \"Is that all there is to life?\" The rapid growth of many feminist organizations attests to the fact that these radical feminists had touched some vital nerves. The magazine \"Ms.\" was born in the year of the death of the magazine \"Life.\" But too often the consciousness-raising sessions became ends in themselves. Too often sexism reversed itself and man-hating was encouraged. Many had been with the male chauvinist. It is not difficult, therefore, to detect a trend toward moderation. Consciousness-raising increasingly is regarded as a means to independence and fulfillment, rather than a ceremony of fulfillment itself. Genuine independence can be realized through competence, through finding a career, through the use of education. Remember that for many decades the education of women was not supposed to be useful. \n Answer: The Second Wave of Feminist.",
            "output": [
                "What was the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0341b56e28ca448798fad65d12a24415",
            "input": "Article: New York Times--A gunman killed eight people at a mall in Omaha this afternoon and then killed himself, setting off panic among holiday shoppers, the police said.      \"The person who we believe to be the shooter has died from self-inflicted gunshot wounds,\" Sgt. Teresa Negron of the Omaha Police Department said at televised news. \"We have been able to clear the mall,\" she said. \"We don't believe we have any other shooters.\" The police said that at least five other people had been injured in the shootings.      She did not give the shooter's identity. \"We are still conducting the investigation,\" Sergeant Negron said, adding that the city's mayor, who was out of town, was on his way back to Omaha. She said the police received a 911 call from someone inside the Westroads Mall on the west side of Omaha, and shots could be heard in the background. The first police officers arrived at the mall six minutes after the first call, she said, but by then the shootings were over.      It is reported that the gunman left a suicide note that was found at his home by  s. A law  enforcement official who spoke on condition of anonymity   said the note indicated that the gunman wanted to \"go out in style\".       The shootings broke the usually banal routine of holiday shopping. The gunman was said by some witnesses to have fired about 20 shots into a crowd. Some customers and workers ran screaming from the mall, while others dived into dressing rooms to hide from the shooter.      Shoppers and store workers were trapped inside the mall, which has roughly 135 stores. Others streamed out of mall exits with their hands raised. The president was in Omaha this morning to deliver a speech, but he had left the city by the time the shootings took place. \n Answer: In a police poster.",
            "output": [
                "Where did the news about the shooting first come out?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-04e9aeef5133424b8538e05dfa604dac",
            "input": "Article: Three men were travelling across the desert when their car broke down. There were no other traffics, so their only hope was to walk. Before they set off, they looked around in the car for useful things to take with them. One of the men took a bottle of whisky. Another took an umbrella. The third unscrewed a door from the car and carried that. After they had been walking for almost a day, they came across a camel caravan travelling towards them. \"Let's try to join the caravan,\" one of the men said. \"It's going the wrong way but we'll be safer than if we keep on alone across the desert.\" The other s agreed, so they asked the leader of the caravan for permission to join it. \"You can join the caravan only if you answer three questions,\" he said. He pointed to the first man's bottle. \"What is that and why are you carrying it?\" he asked. \"It's a bottle of whisky. I decided to carry it with me so that if I feel miserable and want to give up, I can get drunk, cheer myself up and then keep on walking.\" \"Very sensible,\" the leader of the caravan said. Then he pointed to the next man and his umbrella. \"It hasn't rained in the desert for many years,\" he said. \"Why are you carrying an umbrella?\" \"I don't want to get heat exhaustion,\" he replied. \"The umbrella will give me shade from the sun.\" \"Very sensible,\" the leader of the caravan said. He pointed to the third man and his car door. \"And why are you carrying a car door?\" he asked him. \"I thought that if I got too hot I could open the window and let some air in,\" he explained. \n Answer: They exchanged it for another one.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the three men's car?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae11853aef9848828a753916ec917d29",
            "input": "Article: One morning last summer Joyce Andrews made some sausage sandwiches for her husband's lunch. There was one sausage left over. Mrs. Andrews didn't care for them herself, and so she gave the last one to Henry, their little dog, Henry ate it up quickly. During the morning the dog got ill. He wouldn't stop shaking his head, and couldn't stand properly. Joyce thought, \"He's eaten something that didn't agree with him. Maybe that sausage very bad...\" she suddenly remembered her husband's lunch. She ran to the telephone and called Jim at office. \"Jim, I hope you haven't eaten any of those sandwiches yet.\" \"You have Two? Well, listen--don't eat any more. I gave Henry the last sausage, and new he's ill. Go to the doctor, Jim.\" \"What? You feel all right? No, Jim, don't take a chance with your health. I'm sure the sausages are bad. Please go...\" \"Yes, Jim. Tell him about the dog. Get some medicine.\" Jim came back at lunch time and went to bed. \"I had a very unpleasant hour at the doctor\" he told Joyce, \"and the medicine made me very sick.\" The next morning Jim was fine. Henry seemed quite fit again, too. At eleven o'clock milkman came with the milk. \"Morning, Mrs. Andrews,\" the milkman said \"How's your dog this morning? I've been thinking about him...\" \"Have you? Well, he seems all right now, but...\" \"Yesterday morning he and I had I a little accident. He jumped up at me, and I dropped a bottle of milk on his head.\" \n Answer: She thought the sausage would do harm to him",
            "output": [
                "Why did Joyce telephone Jim?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a79913eafa8d4a099cc019610e0ca490",
            "input": "Article: The best family vacation that I ever had was going on a road trip to Myrtle Beach. The trip was for 2 weeks during the March break from school. This trip was probably about 20 years ago so it was before the time of things like portable video games and being able to watch movies in the back seat.2 So to pass the many hours of travel my brother and I had to entertain ourselves and each other. My mum would set the back seat up so that it was our own little playroom. She would pack everything up so that we had a big level area to play in. We would play cards and board games.C When it got to the point where we were at each other's throats we would be sent back to our own side of the seat and would be forced to either nap or read by ourselves until we could be friendly to each other again. I can remember us playing for quite some time when we turned the back seat into a spaceship and traveled around the earth.f Another time we turned it into a kitchen and had a bake-off . But the thing that I remember the most and that gave us many hours of enjoyment was using each other's faces as silly Plasticine  and making funny faces. We would see how far we could stretch each other's mouths open, see how thin we could make the other's eye by pulling on it. We would keep going until one of us begged for mercy because we had to give our faces a rest.7 So while I can remember us having a great time on the beach, laughing a lot trying to put the tent up in the rain, what I remember the most of that trip and what always makes me smile the most is remembering the pain that our faces would be in after the trip.g \n Answer: Pack things up to amuse himself.e",
            "output": [
                "What did the author do when traveling to Myrtle Beach?m"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9103bb8591c646459a3021fa0ce26c7b",
            "input": "Article: About the year 1900,a small,darkhaired hot boy named Charlie Chaplin was often seen waiting outside the back entrance of London Theatre.He looked thin and hungry.He was hoping to get work in show business.He could sing and dance;above all,he knew how to make people laugh.But he couldn't get work and so he wandered about the city streets.Sometimes he was sent away to a home for children who had no parents. But twenty years later this name Chaplin became the greatest,bestknown,and bestloved comedian in the world.Any visitor to the cinema must have seen some of Chaplin's filmstrips  .People everywhere have sat and laughed at them until the tears ran down their faces.Even people who don't understand English can enjoy Chaplin's films though most of them are silent.It isn't what he says that makes people laugh.His comedy doesn't depend upon words and languages.It depends upon little actions which mean the same thing to people all over the world.Acting out,without words,common human situations play an important part in the dances and plays of many countries.It's a kind of world language. Chaplin lived most of his life in America and died in Switzerland on Christmas Day,1977,at the age of eightyeight.The world was astonished at the news of the death and burst into sadness. \n Answer: Because he wanted to see the famous actors or actresses after the performance.",
            "output": [
                "Why was young Chaplin waiting outside the back entrance of the theatre?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-04e48d12de5049b78c1780349ed60643",
            "input": "Article: Ethiopia has greatly reduced its death rates for children under the age of five years during the last two decades, new UN statistics show. The report says Ethiopia has cut the number of child deaths, by two thirds or so, to 68 per 1,000 births compared to that in 1990. The government owed the improved figures to its growing economy. Despite the reduction, the UN Children's Fund said Ethiopia needed to do much more to improve health facilities  for pregnant women. Ethiopia is one of Africa's poorest states, although it has experienced rapid economic growth in recent years and is one of the continent's leading coffee producers. Its economy centers around agriculture, which in turn relies on rainfall. The BBC's Emmanuel Igunza in the capital, Addis Ababa, says Ethiopia was once representative of poor nutrition in Africa. But the latest UNICEF  figures show Ethiopia is one of the few African countries on the path to realizing the development goal of reducing child death rates, he says. Ethiopia's Health Minister Kesetebirhan Admasu said increasing family incomes had helped improve people's health. \"This has also resulted in better nutrition for children and women; this has translated into better medical conditions ---- all these have a direct or indirect influence on the survival of children,\" he told BBC Africa. He said the government has also been \"aggressively expanding its primary health care network\". \"We have now 93% coverage( ) of one health centre for 25,000 people, which basically means one health facility within a 7km area,\" he said. \n Answer: about 200",
            "output": [
                "How many in 1000 births would die in Ethiopia in 1990?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d1e15e972f84b0cb37bf272acc8d396",
            "input": "Article: Everyone procrastinates.We put things off because we don't want to do them, or because we have too many other things on our plates.Putting things off--big or small--is part of being human. But procrastination does have consequences.When your procrastination leaves you feeling discouraged, it is time to take action, and one of the best ways to get rid of it is to make an un-schedule. An un-schedule is a weekly calendar of all the ways in which your time is already accounted for.You consider not only your timed commitments such as classes and meetings, but also your untimed activities such as meals, exercise, time with friends, and the like.Once you have made your un-schedule, you may be able to see your time is often filled with more activities than you realize, for instance, that you really don't have five hours to spend writing on the night before your paper is due.Procrastinators' views of time tend to be unrealistic, and the un-schedule can help you outline a realistic plan.By planning accordingly, you will not only get a better night's sleep, you may also end up with a better paper. The un-schedule might also be a good way to get started on a larger project, such as a term paper or an honors paper.You may think that you have \"all semester\" to get the writing done, but if you really map out how much time you have available to write on a daily and weekly basis, you will see that you need to get started sooner, rather than later.In addition, the un-schedule may reveal especially busy weeks or months, which will help you budget time for long-term projects. Perhaps most importantly, the un-schedule can help you examine how you spend your time.You may be surprised at how much time you spend watching television, and decide to make a change.It's especially important that you build time for fun activities into your un-schedule.Otherwise, you will procrastinate in order to steal time for relaxation. You can also use the un-schedule to record your progress towards your goal.Reward yourself for your small successes.Seeing what you've achieved will help reinforce the productive behavior, and you will feel more motivated in the following process. As you explore ways to conquer procrastination, don't expect overnight transformation.You developed the habit over a long time; you aren't going to stop magically.But you can change the behavior, bit by bit.If you start to make an un-schedule now, you will eventually develop new habits. \n Answer: \"I'm going to have more time to finish my paper.\"",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements best reflects an un-schedule?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-50208d55da5a4eb0aefee5637bac83ce",
            "input": "Article: \"I think it's a great thing when I know it's going to help someone else.\"said l3-year-old Spencer Goldstein,after collecting hundreds of pieces of baseball equipment for kids who can not afford to buy their own.     Spencer collected the bats,balls,gloves,helmets and masks for his mitzvah project,which is a community service project that many Jewish kids do around their bar or bat mitzvahs .A bar mitzvah is a ceremony for a boy while a bat mitzvah is intended for a girl.The ceremony means that you are old enough to take on a grown-up's responsibilities.     Spencer got the idea for his mitzvah project alter seeing the Ugandan national team at last year's Little League World Series.Some of the Ugandan players didn't even have their own gloves.And Spencer's donations are going to a group called \"Pitch for Baseball\"--a group that gives baseball equipment to kids in low-income communities around the world.     Mollie Schwartz and Mia Schwartz also came up with a sports-related mitzvah project.The money they raised went to the Israel Sport Center for the Disabled.They raised at least $9,000-enough to pay for at least three wheelchairs made for playing basketball.     In Massachusetts,Abigail Miller decided to collect musical instruments for her mitzvah project.The instruments Abigail collected were then donated to groups that distribute them to kids who can't afford to buy them.\"I want to make sure everybody can get the chance to enjoy music like I do,\"Abigail said.Abigail collected more than three-dozen instruments-wind instruments,string instruments,keyboards,even a drum set.     Whether it's playing sports,playing music or something else,kids such as Spencer,Mollie,Mia and Abigail are using their mitzvah projects to change the woad for the better.\"They learned about generosity,''said Mollie's mother,Loft Schwartz,\"and the power to make things happen\". \n Answer: Satisfied.",
            "output": [
                "How did Spencer feel after collecting some baseball equipment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e78d10c863294f96889834f9d8630647",
            "input": "Article: The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts,pure,unprejudiced,objectively selected facts.But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation,the meaning of the facts.This is the most important assignment facing American journalists-to make clear to the reader the problems of the day,to make international news understandable as community news,to recognize that there is no longer any such thing as\"local\"news,because any event in the international area has a local reaction in the financial market,political circles,in terms,indeed,of our very way of life. There is in journalism a widespread view that when you start an interpretation,you are entering dangerous waters,the rushing tides of opinion.This is nonsense. The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall limit himself to the\"facts\".This insistence raises two questions.What are the facts?And:Are the bare facts enough? As for the first question,consider how a so called\"factual\"story comes about.The reporter collects,say,fifty facts; out of these fifty,his space being necessarily restricted,he selects the ten which he considers most important.This is Judgment Number One.Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall hold the lead of the piece.This is Judgment Number Two.Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one,where it has a large influence,or on page twentyfour,where it has little.Judgment Number Three. Thus in the presentation of a socalled\"factual\"or\"objective\"story,at least three judgments are involved.And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation,in which reporter and editor,calling upon their research resources,their general background,and their\"news neutralism \",arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news. The two areas of judgment,presentation of the news and its interpretation,are both objective rather than subjective processes-as objective,that is,as any human being can be.If an editor is determined to give a prejudiced view of the news,he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation.He can do it by the selection of those facts that support his particular viewpoint.Or he can do it by the place he gives a story-promoting it to page one or dragging it to page thirty. \n Answer: He does not think there exists any objectiveness in news writing or reporting.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can best express the author's attitude toward objectiveness?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-15ef9a9c93be44ebb0289063c570b73f",
            "input": "Article: How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments-mostly for entertainment purposes-is fair and respectful? Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals.How ever, most zoos remain \"collections\" of interesting \"things\" rather than protective habitats  .Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural bones. Zoos claim   to educate people and save endangered species , but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals' natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty.Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species' name, diet, and natural range .The animals' normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don't usually take care of the animals' natural needs. The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise.These results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoophobia.A worldwide study of zoos found that zoophobia is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages.Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain. Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered.Captive breeding of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild.Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out.In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers.Haven't we seen enough competitions to name baby animals? Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them.Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals' natural habitats. \n Answer: Unhappy.",
            "output": [
                "How would the author describe the animals' life in zoos?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-da8fd54f1e2d4d3db8c579ca3a99a4b0",
            "input": "Article: Vanessa Brown, a senior lecturer of art at Nottingham University, explores the cultural and psychological relation between sunglasses and our modern idea of \"cool.\" Her research has uncovered about why most of us look better in shades. Because they really make your misshapen face look better. Put on a pair of sunglasses, and an instant beauty as a result of balance! The dark lenses cover up any unbalanced oddities  around your eyes, and research on facial attractiveness shows a clear link between balance and our sense of beauty. Because of mystery. Many of the quick judgments we form about people come from looking in the eyes; shade yours, and you're instantly a more attractive presence. Eye contact helps us form judgments about someone's intelligence, confidence, and sincerity and sunglasses keep us literally in the dark about forming those perceptions. And it works both ways, because the wearer of the sunglasses feels more mysterious, too. Because of their historical link with sharpness and attraction. We take their existence for granted today, but sunglasses are relatively modern, Brown said. Sales started to pick up in the 1920s, but they didn't become commonplace until about two decades after that. The way sunglasses were most used prior to their commercialization helps explain their inside coolness, Brown said, because in their early days sunglasses were primarily used during risky water and snow sports, which made them seem \"daring and totally modern.\" Soon after that, Hollywood stars of the 1950s and 1960s started wearing sunglasses to defend themselves from being recognized by the public or bothered by paparazzi , whose flashbulbs would often explode violently, Brown said. Anyhow, movie stars' adoption of them strengthened a sense of romance. Also--and this is more from my own personal research than Brown's--hang-overs. They're really great for hiding hang-overs. \n Answer: Sunglasses deliver mystery to the observers as well as the wearers.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would Vanessa Brown agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-506275841f2d4a0ab5b40dad3a858371",
            "input": "Article: Even a small reduction in salt in the diet can be a big help to the heart. A new study used a computer model to predict how just three grams less a day would affect heart disease in the United States. The result: thirteen percent fewer heart attacks. Eight percent fewer strokes. Four percent fewer deaths. Eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease. And two hundred forty billion dollars in health care savings.  Researchers found it could prevent one hundred thousand heart attacks and ninety-two thousand deaths every year. The study is in the New England Journal of Medicine. Kirsten, at the University of California, was the lead author. She says people would not even notice a difference in taste with three grams, or one-half teaspoon, less salt per day. The team also included researchers at Stanford and Columbia University. Each gram of salt contains four hundred milligrams of sodium, which is how foods may list their salt content. The government says the average American man eats ten grams of salt a day. The American Heart Association advises no more than three grams for healthy people. It says salt in the American diet has increased fifty percent since the nineteen seventies, while blood pressures have also risen. Less salt can mean a lower blood pressure. New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg is leading an effort called the National Salt Reduction Initiative. The idea is to put pressure on food companies and restaurants.  Mayor Bloomberg has already succeeded in other areas, like requiring fast food places in the city to list calorie information. Now a study by the Seattle Children's Research Institute shows how that idea can influence what parents order for their children. Ninety-nine parents of three to six year olds took part. Half had McDonald's menus clearly showing how many calories were in each food. The other half got menus without the calorie information. \n Answer: nearly 800,000.",
            "output": [
                "How many heart attacks will occur in the US every year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-22bc759d59804174a746b22f7f1f9809",
            "input": "Article: When you're a parent to a young child, you spend a lot of time talking about feelings: about having to share, about being disappointed because you may not have a cookie instead of broccoli  , about the great injustice of a parent pressing the elevator button before the child has a chance to. And in a parenting culture that's increasingly concerned with centering children's needs above all else, mothers and fathers have become skillful at talking about their kids' feelings while masking their own. But new research suggests that parents who hide their negative emotions are doing their children, and themselves harm. A study published this month says that when parents put on a faux-happy   face for their kids, they do damage to their own sense of wellbeing and authenticity. \"For the average parent the findings suggest when they attempt to hide their negative emotion expression and overexpress their positive emotions with their children, it actually comes at a cost: doing so may lead parents to feel worse themselves,\" researcher Dr Emily Impett, says. It makes sense that parents often fall back on amping up   the positivity for the sake of their children--there are a lot of things in the world we want to protect our kids from. But children are often smarter than we expect and are quite in tune with what the people closest to them--their parents--are feeling. There was a time about a year or so ago, for example, when I received some bad news over the phone; I was home with my four-year-old and so I did my best to put on a brave face. She knew immediately something was wrong though, and was confused. When I finally let a few tears out and explained that Mom heard something sad about a friend, she was, of course, just fine. My daughter patted my shoulder, gave me a hug, and went back to playing. She felt better that she was able to help me, and the moment made a lot more sense to her emotionally than a smiling mom holding back sobs. I was glad that I could feel sad momentarily and not have to work hard to hide that. Relaying positive feelings to your children when you don't feel them is a move the researchers called high cost -- that it may seem like the most beneficial to your child at the time but that parents should find other ways of communicating emotions that \"allow them to feel true to themselves\". But this is also about children seeing the world in a more honest way. While we will want to protect our children from things that aren't age-appropriate or harmful, it's better to raise a generation of kids who understand that moms and dads are people too. \n Answer: Sharing their favorite food with their children.",
            "output": [
                "What is the typical behavior of parents when they bring up their children?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-74bac947b7bb46049cdd141f47b25749",
            "input": "Article: With a large part of the world's population living close to the oceans, rising sea levels bring the potential for destructive  results. But scientists are still unable to make predictions exact enough for people to plan to handle the loss of land and the threat to coastal communities expected over this century. \"We know sea level is going to rise, but how much, and how fast, and where, we really still don't know,\" said Josh Willis, a climate scientist.  _ It doesn't rise all the same as more water pours in. As global warming raises sea levels, some places are expected to see higher-than-average increases, and a few places, may even see decreases. It's reported that over the course of this century, sea levels will rise between 8 inches and 6.6 feet around the planet. Scientists know this increase will be driven by the expansion of water as it warms--warmer water takes up more space--and the melting of ice. But the effects of warming water and melting ice on sea-level rise are expected to vary from area to area. And the melting of ice of the Antarctic and Greenland presents the largest uncertainty for the future, but air, land and water also play roles in changes to sea level. For example, sea level near the ice getting melt actually decreases, because the ground under the melting ice rises as the heavy ice disappears. Climate change is expected to change ocean currents and the winds that help drive ocean currents. These changes will affect the distribution of heat within the oceans, and, as a result, affect changes in sea level. Nowadays, scientists use two types of models to make predictions about the future of sea levels, but the two don't agree. If scientists can't accurately predict sea-level increase for the coming years, the least we can do is measure what happening today with the help of the satellite, Jason-2, but it's reaching the end of its operational life. \n Answer: There aren't enough scientists studying the changes of sea levels.",
            "output": [
                "What problems will scientists meet with in predicting future climate changes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d5b83d7e77a8430b927c0ac5cbc37ea9",
            "input": "Article: These days everyone is worried about the size of their carbon footprint. In order to reduce global warming we need to make our carbon footprints smaller. But how much CO2are we responsible for? A new book by Mike Berners Lee, an expert, might be able to help. The carbon footprint looks at the different things we do and buy, and calculates the amount of CO2all of the following created: the ingredients, the electricity, the equipment, the travel and commuting of the beer, and the packaging. It's amazing how many different things need to be included in each calculation. And it's frightening how much carbon dioxide everything produces. This can help us decide which beer to drink. From Berners Lee's calculations, it's clear that a pint (568ml) of locally _ beer has a smaller carbon footprint than a bottle of imported beer. This is because the imported beer has been transported from far away, and it uses more packaging. The local beer only produces 300g of CO2, but the imported beer produces 900g! So, one pint of local beer is better for the environment. Berners Lee has even calculated the carbon footprint of cycling to work. Nothing is more environmentally friendly than riding a bike, surely? Well, it depends on what you've had to eat before. To ride a bike we need energy and for energy we need food. So if we eat a banana and then ride a kilometer, our footprint is 65g of CO2. However, if we eat bacon before the ride, it's 200g. In fact, bananas are good because they don't need packaging, they can be transported by boat and they grow in natural sunlight. So, does this mean that cycling is bad for the environment? Absolutely not, for a start, if you cycle, you don't use your car, and the fewer cars on the road, the fewer traffic jams. And cars in traffic jams produce three times more CO2than cars traveling at speed. Cycling also makes you healthy and less likely to go to hospital. So maybe it's time for us all to start making some changes. Pass me a banana and a pint of local beer, please. \n Answer: To make our carbon footprints smaller, we should often drink more beer.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2ab79eb80814738a2c3e10ca32088c0",
            "input": "Article: Last July, my parents and I went to visit my aunt and uncle in Seattle, a city on the northwest American coast. Dad did some research and had no difficulty in finding us cheap tickets online. On the day of our flight, we had to wake up very early. When we checked our bags in, we found that one bag weighed too much, so we had to pay a fine. After that, Dad insisted that we go and have some breakfast at the airport restaurant. We had a lot of fun watching many different people there. Then we realized it was getting late, so we rushed to the gate. It took one hour for everyone to get on the plane, but finally the door was shut and we were on our way! I think my favorite experience during our trip was our visit to Mount Rainier, a volcano near Seattle. It was nothing like I had expected. Before we left, my aunt lent us hats to protect us from getting sunburned, so I supposed that it would be very hot. Imagine my surprise when we drove up the mountain and I discovered the top was covered in snow and ice! My uncle led us to a small path beyond the main trails to increase our chances of seeing wildlife. We walked over a small hill, and suddenly before us there appeared a field of snow. Small wild flowers grew up through the snow; underneath the snow we could hear rushing water -- a small stream. Little animals stood still to avoid being noticed; tiny birds rose into the air. It was the most beautiful sight that I'd ever seen. \n Answer: Because their bag was overweight.",
            "output": [
                "Why did they pay a fine?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bf38f25f0443437b9a0fd9f38e04f82e",
            "input": "Article: IELTS: international English language testing system Introduction: The IELTS is jointly managed by the University of Cambridge Local Examination Syndicate  , the British Council   and IDP Education Australia   Why more and more people are taking the IELTS test? The IELTS test is widely recognized by the colleges, universities and other academic institutions of Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United Kingdom. More and more universities and colleges in the US are also accepting an IELTS result as a language requirement for application to degree courses. IELTS is accepted by many important organizations, such as the New Zealand Immigration Bureau, the Australian Immigration and Cultural Department, the Canadian Immigration Bureau, the Australian Medical Council and the British Medical Association  . Choice of two test types There are two test models: Academic and General Training. The candidate must select the one suitable to his/here purpose for taking the test. Academic: for candidates who want to apply for undergraduate or postgraduate courses. General Training: for candidates who take IELTS for immigration purpose, training programmes, or work experience. If you have any questions about which type to take, consult the Examinations Services staff at the British Council offices. Content The test is composed of four papers: Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking. The first three papers must be taken at one sitting on one day, and the speaking paper may be taken up to two days later. Usually in China, the Listening paper is taken on a Saturday morning, followed by the Reading paper, and then Writing paper. The Speaking test is usually taken on the Saturday afternoon or on the following Saturday. Candidates must complete all four papers in order to obtain an overall score. \n Answer: 3.",
            "output": [
                "How many organizations is IELTS managed by?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-62969576e4d7423896d135405949fddb",
            "input": "Article: An earthquake is a trembling or shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release  of energy stored in the rocks below the surface. Generally, earthquakes last only seconds. Strong ground shaking during a medium  to large earthquake generally lasts about 10 to 30 seconds. Aftershocks  can occur once in a while for weeks or even months. Many people think that there is an \"earthquake season\" or a kind of \" earthquake weather \".As a matter of fact, there isn't. Earthquakes can occur at any time of the year and at time of day or night. Earthquakes occur under all weather conditions-sunny, wet. or cold without any special weather tendency . Also, you don't need to worry that the ground will open up and swallow people when earthquakes occur. Open ground cracks may form during an earthquake, for example, to land sliding or ground falling. However, such cracks tend to be open gaps (they don't \" swallow\") that a person could stand in afterwards. The safest place in an earthquake is an open field because buildings and falling objects can injure or kill you. If you are indoors, when you feel the ground start to shake, take cover immediately under a table or strong piece of furniture, placing something between falling objects and yourself. Don't \" attempt to use the stairs or an elevator to get out of the building.. \n Answer: What usually injures people during an earthquake are falling buildings.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?."
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe1ea68555ca466e9b6c888e8593c4de",
            "input": "Article: The structure and workings of the university are ever changing. The university of the past is not like the university of the present and the university of the present will not be like the university of the future. This \"adaptation\" to the times is what can make some universities great or make some universities among the worst in the nation. In the past the university was very set in their ways. They did things the way they wanted them done. They paid no attention to the rest of the society and the way the ones paying the bills wanted them done. In the past the professors would lecture endlessly to the students, which often left the students bored and with no idea what was really said to them in the lecture. This is no way to try and teach students; students need interaction with the professors that are paid to teach them. As Paulo Freire believed there needs to be communication between the students and the professors and the class should not be totally memorization. This is the way that things were done in the past. In the present many universities have either changed or are changing the way that they run their universities. The universities now are taking on many of the modern educational beliefs in order to make changes in the teaching methods. Universities are breaking down many of the divides between majors that they offer. By breaking these barriers the universities are becoming less specialized and more diverse. This goes along with the ideas of Berry who believes that the schools are over-specialized and that the universities are now just machines that are merely meant to produce workers. In the past few years the colleges have been lowering the standards of admission, which in turn lowers the standards of all the schools below the college level. The universities are now on the right track by increasing the standards of admission into their colleges. \n Answer: Whether it'll adjust itself.",
            "output": [
                "In the author's view, what can decide a university's quality?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a99bc58e289c4f41a769adbcf4d2e0b7",
            "input": "Article: Chinese New Year Celebration is the most important celebration of the year. Chinese people may celebrate the Chinese New Year in slightly different ways but their wishes are almost the same; they want their family members and friends to be healthy and lucky during next year. Chinese New Year Celebration usually lasts for 15 days. Celebratory activities include Chinese New Feast, firecrackers, giving lucky money to children, the New Year bell ringing and Chinese New Year Greetings. Most of Chinese people will stop the celebrating in their home on the 7th day of New Year because the national holiday usually ends around that day, however celebrations in public areas can last until the 15th day of New Year. It is the money given to kids from their parents and grandparents as New Year gift. The money is believed to bring good luck, ward off monsters; hence the name \"lucky money\". Parents and grandparents first put money in small, especially-made red envelopes and give the red envelopes to their kids after the New Year's Feast or when they come to visit them on the New Year. They choose to put the money in red envelopes because Chinese people think red is a lucky color. They want to give their children both lucky money and lucky color. \n Answer: Kids can get their lucky money during the Chinese New Year Celebration",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the Paragragh 1?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cd31a986de8146368a4f452abe1bd011",
            "input": "Article: As I was busy working on my work plan in my bedroom, I could hear my four children playing upstairs. Suddenly, I heard the children running down the stairs and shouting, \"Freddie, Freddie.\" _ My three-year old son Freddie was lying on his side on the ground. I cried for my husband Simon to dial 999 and within minutes the air ambulance arrived. They quickly took him in the helicopter. During the flight, Freddie was looking at me and I remember thinking was a good sign, but then his eyes began to roll. As the doctors tried to stabilize  him, I couldn't believe what was happening. When we arrived at the hospital in Portsmouth, there were some doctors and nurses waiting for us and they immediately set to work on Freddie. I was hopelessly wishing everything would be alright, but Freddie had broken his skull in two places and blood clots were forming in his brain. He needed surgery , and only a surgeon at another hospital in Bristol could do it. This meant another helicopter ride, but we couldn't go with Freddie because there was no enough space. Simon and I drove the long 130 miles from our home in north Devon in silence. Neither of us dared say what we were thinking, \"What if we get there and he's dead?\" \"Is he going to be brain-damaged?\" Freddie was just coming out of surgery when we arrived. The surgeon said it had gone well. When I finally saw him, I hardly recognize my child--he was covered in tubes and there were wires coming out of his head. On the third day, Simon went home to see our three girls and to pick up some clean clothes for us. While he was gone, the pressure in Freddie's brain suddenly increased. He was taken into theater again and this time I fell apart. Luckily, the surgery managed to stabilize Freddie. After almost a week, Freddie was finally woken up. When he opened his eyes, he looked at me. He didn't say anything, but I knew straight away that it was my old Freddie, and that he was going to be alright. Over the next two weeks, his recovery went well. After help with learning to swallow again and encouragement with speaking, he was soon playing with his Gruffalo cards and eating meals by himself. I still don't know how the accident happened, but we got some idea from our girls. Clearly Freddie and Minnie had been sitting on the window ledge, and Freddie must have opened it to look out and fallen 20 feet onto the ground below. The guilt I feel is awful-- for weeks I was full of \" if onlys\", and we put window locks everywhere. Six months later, although the accident seems a lifetime ago, it has changed me. I feel differently about life now. I've left my job to put my children first. I want to spend every minute with them. \n Answer: Because no surgeons in the first hospital could do surgery on the author's son.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author's son have to be moved to another hospital in Bristol?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5cb8920cb4904fdd92083a34f24332f2",
            "input": "Article: When we were very small, we realized that having friends was important. The need for friends continued as we grew into our teens. Friends played a big part in the development of our personalities. As adults, it is still important for us to have friends. True friends are people who like us though we make mistakes and who listen to us and tell us the truth. Friends support our decisions and tell us when we're wrong. They laugh with us and share our sadness. They are our partners and share interests with us. They _ us when we are feeling down. They are people with whom we aren't afraid of sharing our secret wishes or what is really on our minds. Friends, you fell safe and warm. At times, they also help with our everyday life, cooking a meal, helping with chores, or giving us a lift when we need. Friends also are there to offer advice, an ear to listen, or a shoulder to cry on.. Friends also help us reduce stress. They not only listen to us when we fell stressed, but also discuss with us how to friends help us forget about problems at work or at home. For a short time, we can lose ourselves in a pleasant activity and perhaps laugh and breathe more easily. \n Answer: The Qualities of Good Friends",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3d56f3b33e784e7f952ea861a1cbdf2a",
            "input": "Article: Heading overseas on a business trip or just for pleasure any time soon?If so,have you thought about what you are going to do about communication?You may need to arrange cab service or get directions to an attraction,not to mention you want to stay in touch with the folks back home. Hope you aren't _ your personal cell phone.Industry experts estimate that most American cell phones won't work overseas due to compatibility   issues.And even if yours did work,the roaming   charges would be too high. So what are your choices?You could rent a phone with a local number in the country you're traveling to,but that wouldn't do you much good if you're constantly on the go.A more costeffective way would be to rent a satellite phone from a company like Global Cellular Rental. The process is amazingly fast and simple.All you have to do is to log onto the company's website,www.globalcellularrental.com,and place an order.The site will show you the countries you will be traveling to and ask you how long you will need the phone.The company then ships a cell phone directly to you anywhere in the world.The phone arrives with complete instructions. The traveler also learns his overseas phone number well in advance,enabling him to inform all vital contacts of the number before he ever steps on a plane. Roaming rates are usually 80 percent less than those charged by American service providers.Calls back to the US can be discounted 40 percent or more.The rentals cost is just $5 per day,and discount packages are available for longterm rentals of two months or more. This cell phone solution is becoming so popular that Global Cellular Rental actually has relationships with hotel chains around the world to keep phones in stock for hotel guests.And for those whose journey really takes them off the beaten track,the company can also rent satellite phones to them.These phones work anywhere in the world as long as you are outside. \n Answer: The company doesn't help those travelers to remote areas.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8acdb31c109e4987bb43be5dc21b9e10",
            "input": "Article: Jeremy was born with a twisted body, and terminal illness slowly killing him throughout his young life. Still, his parents had tried to give him as normal a life as possible and had sent him to St. Theresa's Elementary School. At the age of 12, Jeremy was only in second grade, seemingly unable to learn. His teacher, Doris Miller, often became angry with him. He would often disturb the class by squirming  in his seat, drooling  and making grunting noises. Doris had 18 other youngsters to teach and she didn't want to waste time on Jeremy. Spring came, and the children talked excitedly about the coming of Easter. Doris told them of the story of Jesus, and stressed the idea of new life springing forth, she gave each of them a large plastic egg. \"Now,\" she said to them, \"I want you to take this home and bring it back tomorrow with something inside that shows new life. Do you understand?\" \"Yes, Miss Miller!\" All the children responded except Jeremy. He just listened, his eyes never left her face. He did not even make his usual noises. The next morning, the children came to school and placed their eggs in a large basket on Doris' desk. After they completed their Math lesson, it was time to open the eggs. In the first egg, Doris found a flower. \"Oh yes, a flower is certainly a sign of new life,\" she said. The next egg had a plastic beautiful butterfly in it. Then Doris opened the fourth egg. It was empty! Surely it must be Jeremy's she thought, and he did not understand the instructions. She put that egg down so she wouldn't embarrass him. Suddenly Jeremy spoke up and said \"Aren't you going to talk about my egg?\" Doris replied, \"But Jeremy - your egg is empty!\" He looked into her eyes and said softly, \"Yes, but Jesus' tomb was empty too!\" Doris asked him, \"Do you know why the tomb was empty?\" \"Oh yes!\" Jeremy exclaimed. \"Jesus was killed and put there. Then His Father raised Him up!\" After class the children excitedly ran out, but Doris cried. The cold inside her melted completely away. Three months later, Jeremy died. Those who paid their respects at the funeral were surprised to see 19 eggs on top of Jeremy's casket, all of them empty. \n Answer: Jeremy didn't understand his teacher's instructions.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-113ad4a72ada4b22aa0befbcf0ecdf50",
            "input": "Article: Most people have some common sense. When we see something suspicious on TV, in the newspaper, or on the Internet, we roll our eyes and wonder how anyone could believe something so stupid. Nevertheless, there are stories that even educated people still believe. These tales may or may not be true, but they leave us wondering whether they are real or not. On National Geographic Channel, these stories are dissected  in full detail in the series Is It Real. Thousands of years ago, aliens landed on the Earth. They tampered   with the evolution of humans and the results of this can be seen practically everywhere. Sound ridiculous? Not to some people. Believe it or not, there are those who believe that alien astronauts had a hand in making the human race what it is today. Travel back in time with Ancient Astronauts and visit our \"alien ancestors\". In the autumn of 1888, Jack the Ripper roamed  the streets of London's East End. After his reign  of terror was over, five women had been killed. To this day, the mystery of who killed these ladies remains unsolved. No one knows for sure, but the truth may be revealed on Jack the Ripper. Vampires . Just the thought of these fictional beasts is enough to make your blood run cold. While we may think that they only come to life in books and movies, vampires are actually based on real people. Historians, folklorists, scientists and doctors all work together to investigate the plausibility  of vampires. Take a bite into this juicy mystery on Vampires. No other channel can offer this type of programming other than National Geographic Channel. In this unique series, they've stripped away 12 myths that have stood the test of time to expose the truth and find out the answer to the question--Is it real? \n Answer: Only educated people.",
            "output": [
                "What type of person would believe these stories?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-457ec3181cf547349361d8a9a2ac724a",
            "input": "Article: Charlie Chaplin was one of the greatest and most widely loved silent movie stars. From Easy Street (1917) to Modern Times (1936), he made many of the funniest and most popular films of his time. He is best known for his character \"the little tramp  \". It is this kind-hearted character that we connect with the time of silent movies.      Born in London in 1889, Chaplin first visited America with a theater company in 1907. Appearing as Billy in the play Sherlock Holmes, the young Chaplin toured the country twice. On his second tour, he met Mack Sennett and was signed to Keystone Studios to act in films. In 1914, Chaplin made his first short film, Making a Living. That same year, he made thirty-four more short films. These early silent shorts allowed very little time for anything but physical comedy, and Chaplin was extremely good at it.     Chaplin was known as one of the most demanding men in Hollywood. No matter how big or tiny the size of the part, Chaplin walked each actor through every scene. Chaplin knew that a successful scene wasn't simply about the star, but about everyone on the screen. He required that all the actors and actresses work together in every performance. The only way to achieve it was to keep complete control over every scene. As he became more popular, he used more and more creative and difficult filming techniques. Movies such as his 1925 hit, The Gold Rush, required endless reworking of scenes and rebuilding of sets.      Though Chaplin is of the silent movie era, his achievements were carried over into the films of today. His strictness and concern for the processes of acting and directing made his films great and led the way to a new and more wonderful cinema. Chaplin's working life in entertainment lasted over 75 years, from the Victorian stage and the music hall in the United Kingdom as a child performer, until close to his death at the age of 88. \n Answer: Sherlock Holmes.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT a Charlie Chaplin film?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2de53f3f1f848a88387100abdcd7e0a",
            "input": "Article: Sustainable management is seen as a practical and economical way of protecting species from dying out. Instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against poaching  , it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve plants and animals. In Zimbabwe, for instance, there is a sustainable management project to protect elephants. Foreign tourists pay large sums of money to kill these animals for sports. This money is then given to the inhabitants of the area where the hunting takes place. In theory, locals will be encouraged to protect elephants, instead of poaching them because of the economic benefit involved. This sounds like a sensible strategy, but it remains to be seen whether it will work. With corruption in these developing countries, some observers are skeptical that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for. Others wonder how effective the locals will be at stopping poachers. There are also questions about whether sustainable management is practical when it comes to protecting forests. In theory, the principle should be the same as with elephants --- allow logging companies to cut down certain number of trees, but not so many as to completely destroy the forest. Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down, as well as investment in replacing them. Because almost all tropical forests are located in countries which desperately need funds from logging, there are few regulations and motive to do this. One solution might be to confirm wood comes from sustainably managed forests. In theory, consumers would buy only this wood and so force logging companies to _ or go out of business. Unfortunately, unrestricted logging is so much more profitable that wood prices from managed forests would cost up to five times more --- an increase that consumers, no matter how \"green\", are unlikely to pay. \n Answer: It is likely that sustainable management will replace the laws in protecting living things.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true in understanding the \"sustainable management\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5b29dbd734ce45efa66862087eaca8ff",
            "input": "Article: When was the last time someone did something unexpectedly nice for you? Not someone you  knew, but a total stranger? It's happened to me a few times, but two instances really stand out. A few years ago, I was dining out with a person who kept going on and on about himself,  completely oblivious to the fact that I was sitting there in misery.It wasn't his company that disappointed me.I was recovering from a broken heart, and just sitting down to dinner reminded me of my last relationship.I could have collapsed in tears right there at the table. When we picked up the check, the waitress said, \"Your meal was already paid for.\" My friend  and I didn't have a clue how it happened.Then I remembered a man coming in out of the corner of my eye.He was dressed in mostly white, sat down at the bar, had a glass of wine, stayed for maybe ten minutes, and then left.The waitress said, \"Yes, the gentleman who was in here a while ago paid for you.\"  Just last year, I was running a half-marathon.With just 0.1 miles to go, I was out of gas. Runners call it \"hitting the wall\"; I thought I couldn't move another muscle.Out of nowhere, a teenager jogs up next to me and says, \"What's your name, sweetie? Jennifer? Okay, Jennifer, let's go! Come on! It's just around the corner! You can do it!\" And he ran with me until I picked up my pace.I found him at the finish line to thank him for the encouragement only to learn he wasn't even supposed to be in the race that day.He was running in place of someone else. I still shake my head when I think of these momentary angels that came to me at my point of  need.Do you have any experiences like this? \n Answer: The Kindness of Strangers",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ab7870666ee94b7c8b26b3da197189c7",
            "input": "Article: \"Tiger Mother\" parenting raises media storm. A new book written by a self-described Chinese descent  on her super-strict parenting--Battle Hymn of the Tiger Motherhas raised media storm and fierce debates in the U.S. Amy Chua is a Yale Law School professor and the mother of two teenage girls. She is the daughter of immigrants of Chinese descent. In the Chinese culture,the tiger symbolizes strength and power. In her book Ms.Chua writes about how she demanded excellence from her daughters. For example,her daughters,Sophia and Louisa,were never allowed to attend a sleep-over,be in a school play,watch TV or play computer games. They couldn't choose their own after-class activities or get any grade less than an A.They had to play piano or violin--and no other musical instruments. She writes that if a Chinese child gets a B--which she says \"would never happen\"--there would be a screaming,hairtearing explosion\".She describes making her 7-year-old daughter play a piano piece perfectly--yelling and not letting her leave the bench even to use the bathroom--until it was. Many people have criticized Chua. Some say her parenting methods were abusive. She even admits that her husband,who is not Chinese,objects to her parenting style. But she says that was the way her parents raised her and her three sisters. Stacy DeBroff,who has written four books about parenting,says Amy Chua's parenting style is not limited to Chinese families. She says it represents a traditional way of parenting among immigrants seeking a better future for their children. But she also sees a risk. When children have no time to be social or to follow their own interests, they might not develop other skills that they need to succeed in life. Stacy DeBroff advised parents not to just repeat the way they were raised. Alison Lo,an assistant professor of marketing at the University of Washington's Bothell campus said, \"I don't think Amy is advocating a best practice of parenting style, or that success and achievements are critical yardsticks  of a good life. But I can imagine how strong her daughters' college applications are going to be. For many parents whose dreams are seeing their kids graduating from a competitive university,Amy is sharing with the readers that it is achievable by persistent,dedicated parental guidance,\"Lo said in an interview with Julie Muhlstein,a columnist with the US-based Heraldnet.com.\"In that sense,a young adult's giftedness can be born,or made,\"Lo continued. \n Answer: She is a cruel teacher.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which is TRUE of Amy Chua?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ed1fe1c4b2d74fa49bb47d9f65d00a9d",
            "input": "Article: Many people write to newspaper and magazines to express their opinions. Letters to the editor must carry the writer's full name, address and telephone number, although the information is not necessary for publication. This requirement to provide personal particulars is a clear indication that writers are held responsible for what they say. When a writer wants his voice heard, he needs to claim ownership of his voice. Responsibility is the name of the game. \"People today prefer living together to putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they refuse to accept responsibility for the relationship,\" said social worker Ken Yip, \"and this is what is causing a lot of family problems.\" When we sign a paper, for example, a business contract or a bank document, the signature is a seal of consent, an agreement to take the matter seriously. Most governments and many organizations will not process written complaints if they do not bear the writer's signature. The absence of a signature, they explain, tells us that the writer cannot be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply. There are people who wish to remain anonymous for various reasons. Multi-billionaire Mr. King donates generously to charity several times a year. He gives simply because he wants to help but not for the publicity his donations may bring, and he does not want his good deeds to make news. In other cases, people insist on anonymity because they are afraid of the consequences of revealing their identity. Crime witnesses may be willing to assist the police, but most are unwilling to give their names when reporting a crime. Name or no name? The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to get involved. We all have a name. It is a matter if responsibility to use it when we make a statement, a claim or an accusation. We all want to honor our own name, and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our own name that we honor what we say. \n Answer: Names are required to indicate writers' responsibility for what they say.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer mean by saying \"Responsibility is the name of the game\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-94ad26c392cb4df39ac250fef8af3c54",
            "input": "Article: Fifteen hours is a long time to be on a plane ,but you know ,Africa is a long way from North America.Finally ,we're in Namibia, a country in southwest Africa.Namibia is about twice the size of California.However, it is home to just over two million people.And the country's main airport is 45 kilometres east of its capital,Windhoek. Now we are in a wildlife park.We will spend five days finding ways to protect this area's wildlife.At the moment ,my wife and our two kids are enjoying some local dishes.I'm talking with workers in this park.I'm so much looking forward to the following days ! --Thomas Yesterday morning ,I had nothing to do ,so I went to visit the Eiffel Tower,a symbol of Paris.It was my first time there,so I took a lot of photos. Finally.The big moment came! A lot of artists came to watch my show.It  was a great success.After the show, I attended a big party.It was  great,but i felt so sleepy after it. When I got back to my hotel, it was already 1:15am.I went to bed without washing.I just needed a good rest before my two-hour journey home by plane. --Jessica \n Answer: By plane",
            "output": [
                "How did Thomas arrive in Namibia ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9eecfaa53c344e75b43efc54398ba342",
            "input": "Article: A couple of years ago, before a trip to China, Nicole Davis and her US women's volleyball teammates were warned about the prominence (, ) of coach \"Jenny\" Lang Ping in her native country. \"I was pushed over by Chinese journalists while I was just trying to put my luggage on the bus,\" said Davis. Known as the \"Iron Hammer\" for her punishing spikes , Lang made it possible for China to dominate in the sport in the early 1980s. She was a key player on China's 1984 Olympic gold medal winning team. When the US team arrived for the Olympics, Lang, 48, who is from Beijing, had to take a different route to avoid a crowd of reporters and fans. Then came the greatest moment to Lang:while the US team was playing in a packed gym, at least 8,000 Chinese fans _ an American flag. \"That really says it all,\" Davis said. \"They look at her as an icon .I'm sure it's hard for them to see her coaching another country, but they love her so deeply that her success is their success.\" The loyalty of the Chinese fans was tested on Friday, when China lost a match to the US. \"It's a pity that China lost the match, but I'm still glad that Lang Ping's team won, since she is the pride of China's volleyball,\" said Liu Chengli, a spectator. \"We also cheered for Lang's victory.\" Lang said she just tried to stay professional when the two teams meet. \"It doesn't matter if we play China or any other team. It's the same.\" Lang said. Davis said she and her teammates could not have imagined the passion for volleyball among Chinese because the sport was lack of popularity in the US. The reception from Chinese fans has touched the US players, said a US volleyball player Lindsey Berg. \"It's such an honor to be here and play for our coach here in China,\" she said. \"The amount of support that the Chinese give to her and us has been tremendous. The whole event has been unbelievable.\" \n Answer: Cheering for the Iron Hammer.",
            "output": [
                "What's the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aff8dc2b2f1e4657ad938baaf133fbcb",
            "input": "Article: The story I would like to tell happened about a year ago. I accepted a position in a company. John, an acquaintance of mine, told me much about the job and took my curriculum vitae   to his supervisor. I did not refer to him as a friend because at the time we did not take part in activities together outside of work, nor did our wives. The first week was fine. Nothing was obviously strange with John at first until the second   week, when our communication began to get a little strange. John began making comments like \"you would have had to pay an employment agency several hundred dollars for a job like this\". I soon forgot his words till the next day when he made another similar comment. Right then I started to really pay attention to what he meant. He acted as if I owed him money for helping me to get the job. He began to get short with me and I had only been there for two weeks. He was supposed to train me in building our e-mail servers and setting up the entire standard monitor software. Instead, he went through the process so fast that even an experienced worker could hardly keep up. He would not slow down or check whether I was with him or not. If there was something wrong with a server, he would just buzz through the solution and not stop to say anything like \"you might want to remember this.\" I began to get very frustrated. By the third week I began to get tired of his condescension  . So I began to challenge him in a way that was only one to one. He would respond to a question of mine with a question or just make me repeat it, and then interrupt me. I began to hate him. Later I tried to avoid him as much as I could, so I wouldn't run into him. He stopped me one day and asked me what had happened. I told him he was very condescending in his tone and manner. He asked me, \"What can I do so that you will not feel like this way in the future?\" I simply asked him to treat me with the same respect he would like to be treated with. He did it and we got along better gradually. I believed there was hope and eventually we would become friends and now we are. \n Answer: They seldom spent free time together.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the author refer to John as a friend at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e12fdbb124a49dea54b719d6f7fefc2",
            "input": "Article: \"San Francisco, open your Golden Gate,\" sang the girl in the theatre. She never finished her song. The date was 18th, 1906. The earth shook and the roof suddenly divided, buildings crashed to the ground and people rushed out into the streets. The dreadful earthquake destroyed the city that had grown up when men discovered gold in the deserts of California. But today the streets of San-Francisco stretch over more than 40 steep hills, rising like huge cliffs above the blue waters of the Pacific Ocean. The best way to see this splendid city, where Spanish were the first to make their homes, is to take one of the old cable cars which run along the nine main avenues. Fares are cheap; they have not risen for almost a hundred years. You leave the palm trees in Union Square -- the heart of San-Francisco and from the shop signs and the faces around you, you will notice that in the city live people from many nations -- Austrians, Italians, Chinese, and others, giving every part of the city a special character. More Chinese live in China Town than in any other part of the world outside China. Here, with Chinese restaurants, Chinese post-boxes, and even odd telephone-boxes that look like pagoda , it is easy to feel you are in China itself. Fisherman's Wharf, a place all foreigners want to see, is the end of the ride. You get out, and then set out to find a table in one of gay little restaurants beside the harbor. As you enjoy the fresh Pacific sea food, you can admire the bright red paint of the Golden Gate Bridge in the harbor and watch the traffic crossing beneath the tall towers on its way to the pretty village of Tiberon. When you finish your meal, you may decide to take a boat-trip around the bay to look at the sights. You can stare at the famous, now empty, prison of Alcatraz. Then why not go to the fishing village of Sansalito -- a little like London's Chelsea or New York's Greenwich Village--to see people painting and to look at their pictures. You will be able to enjoy a view of the city from the sea and take pleasure in the soft red and blue Spanish-type houses shining in the bright Pacific light. If you have time you might like to go by bus to Carmel, a hundred miles south of San-Francisco, where you will discover a wild and wonderful coast with high cliffs. \n Answer: Four",
            "output": [
                "How many means of transportation are suggested in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5670a053029e4db386de24e8cbe6d863",
            "input": "Article: In 1996, John Tierney suggested in the New York Times Magazine article that \"recycling is garbage.\" He wrote, \"The money spent on recycling programs should have been spent on real social and environmental problems. Recycling programs not only increase energy use and pollution, but also cost more money than the disposal   of plain old garbage. Recycling may be the most wasteful activity in modern America.\" Environmental groups were quick to express their disagreement. They wrote reports on how recycling programs in cities can reduce pollution and cost less than regular garbage pickup and disposal. Michael Shapiro, an official of the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA), said that \"recycling can be good value for money, although there's still room for improvements.\" But in 2002, New York City, a pioneer of recycling, found that its recycling program was losing money, so it stopped glass and plastic recycling. Other major cities watched closely to see how New York was dealing with its remaining program (the city never stopped paper recycling). But then it closed its last landfill  , and private companies out of New York raised prices due to the increased workload of carrying away and disposing New York's garbage. As a result, glass and plastic recycling became profitable for the city again, and New York brought the program back. According to Cecil Adams of The Chicago Reader, the lessons learned by New York are relevant everywhere. He believes that, if managed correctly, recycling programs should cost cities less than garbage disposal. Even though the benefits of recycling over disposal are many, keep in mind that it better serves the environment to \"reduce and reuse\" before recycling is even considered as a choice. \n Answer: Because he considered recycling a wasteful activity.",
            "output": [
                "Why did John Tierney think \"recycling is garbage\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3c6f8e9b89074220a6abce414c03ab33",
            "input": "Article: The first tape recorder didn't use tape. It used long thin wire. It was invented in 1900 by Valdermar Poulsen. In 1930, German scientists invented the tape we use today. Back then the tape was on big rolls. In 1964 the Philips company in Holland invented the cassette. It's pretty much a holder for the tape. People use cassettes all over the world. If you don't have a cassette recorder, borrow one. Think of a book your parents read out loud to you. That might be a great book to read out loud to your mom or dad in their car. Put a cassette in the recorder, open the book, hit the record button and start reading out loud. Remember there is no such a thing as a wrong way to do this. You might think you've made a mistake, but this gift is part of you, and nothing about that can be a mistake. It's impossible. You get to be all artistic and creative here. You might want to play music in the background. Do whatever you want. The gift is you, so you decide. Remember to say \"I love you\"at the end of your reading. That's like the prize at the end of the book. \n Answer: To practice reading out loud.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author advise us to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-66300df8ac404f4b95dcc2478eb39c96",
            "input": "Article: There has been an outpouring of love for a 23-year-old disabled woman whose dog was killed in front of her while a groomer  tried to trim  its claws. Calls and e-mails came from as far away as the Upper Peninsula and Arizona as well as Oakland and Macomb counties, offering Laurie Crouch, who uses a wheelchair because of multiple sclerosis , everything from dogs to money, such as that from Jason Daly of Roseville who said, \" I would like to buy her a new dog.\" A story about the death of Crouch's pet, Gooch, was printed on the front page of Macomb Daily. Crouch said a man sat on the dog to trim its nails. Gooch died after one claw was trimmed. Crouch yelled at the groomer to stop when she saw Gooch was struggling to breathe, but she said she was ignored. \"If I could have walked, I would have put my hands on her and pulled her off my dog and physically stopped her, but I can't do that.\" Gooch was not a trained service animal, but naturally helped Crouch by picking up things for her. \"This case is absolute animal abuse ,\" Larry Obrecht, division manager of the Oakland County Animal Shelter in Auburn Hills, said. People who read the story contacted Oakland Press to offer help. A message, from Rebecca Amett of Giggles N Wiggles Puppy Rescue, in Roseville, said, \"We have puppies to donate ... and want to help the young woman who lost her service dog.\" \"When Gooch was with me, I was happy,\" Crouch said, \"I think I can be happy again but no animal can replace Gooch. There's never going to be another Gooch out there but I think I will find a dog that can bring me joy again.\" \n Answer: Disabled woman loves to have the dog as company.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc13ca954cc7455fa16824afa828a574",
            "input": "Article: This is a page from a college information handbook. It tells you where you can find several different college services and facilities . Where To Find Help In The College Here are the places of some important college services and facilities. Rooms numbered 100-130 are on the first floor and those numbered 200-230 are on the second floor of the main college buildings. Students Services Center Careers                                                               113 The officers can offer you some advice on career choice and applications for higher education. Accommodation Office                                                       114 Mrs. J Mardle is here each afternoon from 1:30 to 4:30 to help students with housing problems. Medical Room                                                              115 Mrs. J Wright, the college nurse, helps you each morning from 9:30 to12:00 am. The college doctor is on duty at the room on Wednesday mornings. Sports office                                                               207 Mrs. B Murie can provide information about sporting and keep-fit activities. Student Union Office                                                         222 A range of services and advice (travel etc.) is provided. Food service                                                                127 Mr G Nunn is the manager and will do his best to help if you ask for a special diet. Library                                                                    215 Besides books this also has photocopying, video, audio-visual and computing facilities. Self Access Language Learning Center                                          203 Students can attend on a drop-in  basis from 9:00 am to 4:15 pm. \n Answer: Room 114",
            "output": [
                "Where should you go for help if you fail to find a place to live in?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-20155b66515a4a57a9bf1486dd5e18af",
            "input": "Article: According to a survey, only 4% of the people in the world are left-handed. Why? One theory centers on the two halves of the brain. For example, the left half and the right half, each of which functions differently. Medical science believes that the left half of the brain dominates over the right half. The foundation of this theory is the fact that nerves from the brain cross over at neck-level to the opposite side of the body, and nerves from the other side of the brain reciprocate  . The end result is that the opposite sides of the body are controlled by the opposite sides of the brain. The dominant left half of the brain, which kindly supplies the right half of the body, theoretically makes it more skillful in reading, writing, speaking, and working, and makes most people right-handed. Lefties, however, whose right half of the brain dominates, work best with the left side of their bodies. Theory number two focuses on the _ nature of the body. Examples of the asymmetry, which flows from head to toe, are that the right side of our faces differs slightly from the left, that our legs differ in strength, or that our feet vary in size. One aspect of this asymmetry is that for most people the right hand is stronger than the left. There is no doubt that all exist in a \"right-handed society\", which produces most basics, including scissors, doorknobs, locks, screwdrivers, automobiles, buttons on clothing, and musical instruments for the 96%. Left-handed people make up for the unfairness by being members of an elite   society, which includes many of the greatest geniuses, including Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. \n Answer: Right-handed people work best with the right side of their bodies",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8409097ba01c43b8af0d819c7143293a",
            "input": "Article: One day when the famous American scientist Edison was on his way home, a young man stopped him and required to have a word with him. Edison accepted his request. The young man asked, \"How can you invent so many things and achieve your fame?\" The scientist said, \"It seems that you have been thinking of becoming famous every day.\" The young man nodded, \"Yes. I have been dreaming of being a person as notable  as you. Every minute I am thinking of how to become reputable. I don't know when I can achieve my fame (,).\" Edison told him, \"Don't worry, young man. If you want to be a famous man this way, you will have to wait until you die!\" \"Why should I?\" the young man was puzzled. Edison said, \"What you dream is actually a high building. You never think of how to build it with bricks . Thus the building will never come into reality . However, your story can serve as a mirror. People will remember you because of your illness and laziness. They will often speak of your name while they give warnings to their children. Aren't you a notorious  person by then?\" \n Answer: A man wanted to have words with him",
            "output": [
                "What happened to Edison when he was on his way home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-55d1450e79124b1493e27699b91a4b7a",
            "input": "Article: I was going to Paris, which I'd always wanted to see. But now I was frightened to travel alone. I arrived at the train station in Paris. I hadn't spoken my college French for twenty years. On my first metro ride, I came across an incompetent thief. I just stared at him, and he stopped his hand from my purse and disappeared into the crowd. Somewhere in this confusing city was my hotel hidden, but the directions suddenly weren't easy to find. When I finally found the hotel, my heart was beating heavily, and I was sweating like a basketball player. I couldn't stay. Could I? The wallpaper looked like it had been through a fire. The bathroom was downstairs, and the window looked out onto the brick wall of another building. Welcome to Paris. I sincerely wanted to die. I missed my friends. I was entering my third week away from home and my kids, and I had arrived in the most romantic city in the world, alone, lonely and frightened. The most important thing I did in Paris happened at that moment. I knew that if I didn't go out, right then, and find a place to have dinner, I would hide in this small room my entire time in Paris. I might never learn to enjoy the world as a single individual. So I went out. Evening in Paris was light and pleasant. I walked along a path, listening to birds sing, watching children float toy boats in a huge fountain. No one seemed to be in a hurry. Paris was beautiful. And I was here alone and suddenly not lonely. My sense of accomplishment overcoming my fear and weakness had left me feeling free. I wore out two pairs of shoes during my week's stay in Paris. I did everything there was to do, and it was the greatest week of my European vacation. I returned home, becoming a believer in the power of traveling alone. Now when I meet difficulties I just say to myself, \"If I can go to Paris, I can go anywhere.\" \n Answer: I scared away a thief trying to steal",
            "output": [
                "What happened on my first metro ride?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-64bedf0797204d2da825ce32bfd38b7e",
            "input": "Article: In 1985, a lionfish was caught off the coast of Florida. Now they can be found not only in the Atlantic Ocean but also in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. And they are continuing to move south. Lionfish are native to the Indian and western Pacific Oceans. So how did they end up in the Atlantic? Scientists believe some pet owners abandoned their unwanted lionfish and poured them into the sea. Little did they know the trouble their actions would cause. The Atlantic Ocean turned out to be a comfortable home for lionfish. Their venomous spines   protect them from sharks and other fish. Female lionfish can spawn   every few days, producing as many as 2 million eggs per year. Other big fish would have competed with lionfish for food. Bet overfishing has removed many of these large fish. As a result, the fish have eaten so much that they have grown to be more then three times the size of their cousins in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. \"They eat mostly fish,\" says Stephanie Green, a scientist at Oregon State University. All that eating has caused great changes. Scientists have found that when lionfish are present somewhere, many other fish, which are small enough for them to eat, disappear. Some of the fish they eat are greatly missed in their habitats. For example, parrotfish eat certain plants off corals , which allows corals to grow better. But they are now disappearing due to lionfish. Scientists say lionfish are here to stay. But there are ways to deal with the problem. The key, says Green, is to keep lionfish numbers in check. In Florida, drivers can now go though a special training program and get certified  to catch lionfish in areas where fishing is not usually allowed. And a number of restaurants have added the fish to the menu. \"It's going to be a long-term battle, but the missing sea species will come back someday,\" says Green. \n Answer: Its population is growing very quickly.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about lionfish?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e66c7e6319044cae8cc4788cd60d4da5",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever gone to work to find that one of your coworkers is coughing and sneezing all day long? You do your best to keep a safe distance and wonder:Why did he or she come to work when they were ill? The reality for many Americans is that they do not have enough paid sick time each year to afford them the luxury of staying home because they don't feel well. This problem doesn't just affect the working employees who are sick,though.In an article by James Warren for Bloomberg Business Week, a second-grade school teacher, Stilli Klikizos shares about the sick children that must stay in school all day long because their parents can't get off work to come and get them.In the past school year, she had several children who were unable to be picked up at school who were later diagnosed with H1N1. There is a movement called the Healthy Families Act in Congress that would change rids situation for many Americans.The Healthy Family Act would require employers with 15 or more employees to provide 7 paid sick days a year for their workers, These days could be used not only for days when the worker is sick, but the time can also be used when caring for others,or going to routine doctor's appointments. Those who are against the Act argue that many businesses are struggling to make ends meet owing to recession ,and point out that this is the wrong time to force employers to add an additional expense. Those who support the Healthy Families Act say that our nation can't afford to not take these measures. When an individual goes to work sick, they are possibly infecting their coworkers,clients and customers. According to a report by Katie Couric on the CBS evening news,three fourths of low wage earners  _ when they are on sick leave.Those individuals include daycare workers and restaurant workers,whose health can affect the health of many. \n Answer: The cost of medical treatment is high.",
            "output": [
                "Why do many Americans still come to work when they are sick?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e4c4027ca5fc4fa2947d0fbc008760f9",
            "input": "Article: A woman Vicki once knew a young person named Susan at church. Susan always seemed happy, although Vicki knew she had faced struggles in her life. Her long-awaited marriage had quickly ended in divorce, but her whole face seemed to smile. One day Vicki asked Susan,\"How is it that you are always so happy, you have so much energy, and you never seem to get down?\" With her eyes smiling, Susan said,\"I know the secret!\" \"What secret is that? What are you talking about?\"Vicki asked. Susan replied,\"The secret is this: I have learned there is little I can do in my life that will make me truly happy. I must depend on God to make me happy and meet my needs. When a need arises in my life, I have to trust God to supply according to HIS riches. I have learned most of the time I don't need half of what I think I do. He has never let me down. Since I learned that secret, I am happy.\" Vicki thought first, \"That's too simple!\" But upon reflecting over her own life, she remembered how she thought a bigger house would make her happy, but it didn't! She thought a better-paying job would make her happy, but it didn't. When did she realize her greatest happiness? Sitting on the floor with her grandchildren, playing games, eating pizza or reading a story, this is a simple gift from God. \n Answer: She could overcome every difficulty in life.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Susan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-14567c515ae24e71bb6ade47eec45311",
            "input": "Article: Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is one of the largest cities in the world. It is also one of the world's most modern cities. Twice last century, the city was destroyed and rebuilt. In 1923 a major earthquake struck the city. Thousands of people were killed and millions were left homeless as buildings collapsed and fires broke out throughout Tokyo. It took seven years to rebuild the city. During World War II, Tokyo was destroyed once again. As a result of these disasters, there is nothing of old Tokyo remaining in the downtown area. After the war, the people of Tokyo began to rebuild their city. Buildings went up at a fantastic rate, and between1945 and 1960, the city's population more than doubled. Because of the Olympic Games held in Tokyo in 1964, many new stadiums, parks and hotels were built to treat visitors from all over the world. As a result of this rapid development, however, many problems have risen. Housing shortage, pollution, and waste disposal  have presented serious challenges to the city, but the government has begun several programs to answer them. \n Answer: It was ruined by an earthquake and a war, but was twice rebuilt.",
            "output": [
                "What major  event(s) happened in Tokyo last century?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f58b34efeb3d41ccba2dc1694124c04b",
            "input": "Article: The 115m Christmas Bird Count is officially underway. The count is an annual investigation of local and migratory birds and it's organized by the National Audubon Society. From  December 14 to January 5, volunteers will gather in more than 2,000 locations in North, Central and South America to count the birds in their area. Each count takes place in a circle about 24 kilometers wide. The volunteers follow specific routes within the circle and record the number of individual birds and the different species they see there in a single day. The results are sent to the National Audubon Society and later published on Audubon's Christmas Bird Count website. The data collected during the bird count is a key source Of information for ornithologists, scientists who study birds. This information is used to develop conservation programs to protect bird habitats and the environment /n general. Data from the bird count was also used to determine that three species-the Western screech owl, the rusty blackbird and the Newfoundland red crossbill - should be added to Canada's list of species at risk. The annual bird count was created to protest another Christmas tradition at the very beginning .in the United States in the 19th century, people would often hold \"side hunts\" on Christmas Day. Teams of hunters would compete to see who could kill the most birds or other animals that day. In  December 1900, Frank Chapman, an American ornithologist, suggested that instead of hunting birds, people should count them. Twenty-seven people in 25 locations joined in the first Christmas bird count Last year, more than 70,000 volunteers took part. This year, counts are scheduled to take place in 17 countries, ranging from the Arctic to the Antarctic, with most located in Canada and the United States .instead of taking place only on Christmas day, counts are now held on different days for different areas. \n Answer: About 3 weeks.",
            "output": [
                "How long will the 115th Christmas Bird Count last?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dfc30fc0ca2e44398567ee51a4435834",
            "input": "Article: Get Your Degree at Home! Have you ever wondered what a degree might be worth to you in your job or career? It means a lot of Americans with an Associate Degree average nearly $10,000 more in yearly earnings than those with just a High School Diploma . 1 Harcourt Learning Direct offers you a way to get a Specialized Associate Degree in 11 of today's growing fields without having to go to college full time. 2 With Harcourt, you can study at home, in your spare time--so you don't have to give up your present job while you train for a better one. Choose from exciting majors like Business Management, Accounting, Dressmaking & Design, Bookkeeping, Photography, Computer Science, Engineering, and more! Your training includes everything you need! Books, lessons, learning aids--even professional quality tools and equipment--everything you need to master your training and move ahead to a new career is included in the low tuition  price you pay. Your education is nationally recognized! Nearly 2,000 American companies--including General Electric, IBM, Mobile, General Motors, Ford, and many others have used our training for their employees. If companies like these recognize the value of our training, you can be sure that employers in your area will, too! Earn your degree in as little as two years! Get a career diploma in just six months! The career of your dreams is closer than you think! Even if you have no experience before, you can get valuable job skills in today's hottest fields! Step-by-step lessons make learning easy. Prepare for promotions, pay raises, even start a business of your own! Send today for FREE information about Harcourt at home training! Simply fill in your name and address on the coupon  above. Then, write in the name and number of the one program you're most interested in, and mail it today. We'll send you free information about how you can take advantage of the opportunities in the field you've chosen. Act today! Mail coupon today or call the number below! 1-800-372-1589  Call anytime 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. www.harcourt-learning.com E-mail: harcourt@learning.com \n Answer: High school graduates who aren't accepted by colleges.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of people will probably answer this advertisement?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8114189788c0403cb7f0b64aaad751af",
            "input": "Article: Lynn was a young French Canadian girl who grew up in the farming community. At the age of l6, her father thought that she had enough schooling and forced her to drop out of school to contribute to the family income. In l922, with limited education and skills, the future didn't look bright for Lynn. Her father demanded that Lynn find a job as soon as possible, but she didn't have the confidence to ask for a job. One day, Lynn gathered her courage and knocked on her very first door. She was met by Margaret Costello, the office manager. In her broken English, Lynn told her she was interested in the secretarial position. Margaret decided to give her a chance. Margaret sat her down at a typewriter and said, \"Lynn, let's see how good you really are.\" She directed Lynn to type a single letter, and then left. Lynn looked at the clock and saw that it was 11:40 a.m. Everyone would be leaving for lunch at noon. She thought she should at least attempt the letter. On her first try, she got through one line but made four mistakes. She pulled the paper out and threw it away. The clock now read 11:45. \"At noon,\" she said to herself, \"I'll move out with the crowd, and they will never see me again.\" On her second attempt, things didn't get any better. Again she started over and finally completed the letter, full of mistakes, though. She looked at the clock: 11:55--five minutes to freedom. Just then, Margaret walked in. She came directly over to Lynn, and put one hand on the desk and the other on the girl's shoulder. She read the letter and paused. Then she said, \"Lynn, you're doing good work!\" Lynn was surprised. She looked at the letter, then up at Margaret. With those simple words of encouragement, her desire to escape disappeared and her confidence began to grow. She thought, \"Well, if she thinks it's good, then it must be good. I think I'll stay!\" Lynn did stay at Carhartt Overall Company...for 51 years, through two world wars and 11 presidents--all because _ had the insight to give a shy and uncertain young girl the gift of self-confidence when she knocked on the door. \n Answer: To earn money for her family.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Lynn leave school at an early age?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-afd05141fb3e4cc3a97a01155ce7dcbf",
            "input": "Article: The immune system is the body's defender. It identifies, tracks down, and destroys troublemakers before they can hurt the body. Those troublemakers may be, for example, bacteria from a cut or splinter, a measles germ, a cold bug, or even a cancer cell.  These invaders try to take over our tissues and feed off our bodies' nutrients. If they succeed, we become sick or, sometimes, even die. It's the job of our immune systems to destroy these invaders before they destroy us. Say you picked up a flu virus last week. Perhaps it entered your body through a cut, from a drinking glass, or from the air you breathe. Of course, you didn't feel it, but the virus made its way into your bloodstream. As soon as it entered your body, it began to reproduce. Viruses have only one goal: to take over your cells. Once inside your body, viruses try to enter cells and disrupt their normal work. If left alone, these viruses would hurt so many cells that you would weaken, or worse, get a serious illness.  But this flu virus should not be so complacent as it seems to be. As it reproduces in your bloodstream, the virus is met by a certain kind of white blood cell, the lymphocytes. The  _ are the foot soldiers that keep you alive.  The number of lymphocytes in your body is hard to imagine. Thousands of them could fit in the period at the end of this sentence. Your body holds about a trillion --that's 1,000,000,000,000 of them, or about 3,000 in every drop of blood.  _   Some of these lymphocytes pass through a small walnut-sized organ called the thymus. The thymus is the base of the neck. Here, special hormones turn lymphocytes into fighting cells, called T cells. T cells have one terrific talent: They can tell the difference between friend and foe; what should be in our bodies and what shouldn't. They do not affect the body 's healthy cells. Yet they attack everything that is foreign to our bodies, such as germs, transplants, and even our own cells which have become abnormal, as in the case of cancer. \n Answer: To destroy the troublemakers in order that they might not hurt the body.",
            "output": [
                "What is the function of our immune system?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9e30d5637c4a4120bdda6185c7588062",
            "input": "Article: The following are letters to the editor of a school newspaper Dear editor, I'd like to express my opinion about grades. Students should be allowed to study without worrying about grades. Fortunately, most educators are becoming aware of the fact that students have different interests and abilities. I understand that grades are useful, but grades often limit creativity. Competing for better grades causes many students to turn down opportunities to pursue music, dramatics and sports. Grades force an arbitrary  standard of success on everyone. I do not demand as some extremists do, that grades be removed immediately. However, I do believe that less emphasis should be placed on grades. I hope that someday grades will become optional at Village High School. Magdalena Smith Drama Club Dear editor, I'd like to say something about grades. Let's face the facts about grades. Grades perform three basic functions. First, grades motivate students to work at their highest level of competence. Second, they act as a reward for hardworking students and as a punishment to students who do not work hard. Finally, grades are used as an effective standard by which to measure student achievement. Good grades help students to get jobs and to get into university. I've spoken with a number of students who have jobs, and most of them say that they were hired primarily on the basis of their grades. My grades helped me land a part-time job and will help me get into university next year. I think grades are extremely important at Village High School. Simon Harper Science Club \n Answer: Grades should be taken away at once.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not Magdalena Smith's opinion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c5a8eda71c964c7281da094cd5ce5639",
            "input": "Article: CONFUCIUS would be happy if he lived in the modern world. He would see his works and philosophies still popular among teenagers even though they speak Internet slang  , like PK, PLMM and GG. In Changzhou No 2 Middle School, Jiangsu, all Senior 1 students now take a course in \"Lun Yu\" (The Analects of Confucius, <<>> ), once a week. The school aims to improve students' appreciation of the Confucian heritage as well as ancient Chinese civilization. \"Students' attendance in this course will _ 30 percent of their Chinese score on the final exam. This reward encourages their interest in the course, which is difficult but full of wisdom,\" said Cao Yongzhong, a Chinese teacher at the school. It won't be easy for students to enjoy The Analects of Confucius in ancient Chinese as they have so many other subjects to learn and exams to prepare for. Cheng Yun, 17, didn't like the \"additional burden\" at first, but now it turns out to be a course that she looks forward to. \"I thought it would take up my time for homework, but it doesn't. Confucius' sentences are short and concise  . I even use some of his wise sayings in my compositions, which makes my writing more persuasive,\" Cheng said. Despite the fact that all students are required to learn some chapters of the book when in junior school, they may be too young to understand the truths revealed by Confucius. \"Although I prefer the language we use nowadays to Confucius', 'The master said' in the book does help me shape my personality,\" said Zhang Junzhuo, 17. Here are some of Confucius' sayings. See if you can figure out to which sentences they are in \"The Analects of Confucious\": * Learning without thought is labour lost; thought without learning is perilous. * The superior man is modest in his speech, but exceeds in his actions. * The gentle man is open and at ease; the mean man is full of worries and anxieties. * Don't do to others what you would not want done to yourself. * The mechanic who wishes to do his work well must first sharpen his tools. \n Answer: \"Confucius Says\" Into Classes",
            "output": [
                "Which do you think is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-836073d5a90d496384584a95f25432db",
            "input": "Article: After much thought,I came up with a brilliant plan.I worked out a way for Rich to meet my mother and win her over.In fact,I arranged it so my mother would want to cook a meal especially for him. Rich was not only not Chinese and he was a few years younger than I was.And unfortunately,he looked much younger with his curly red hair,smooth pale skin,and the splash of orange freckles  across his nose.He was a bit on the short side,compactly built.In his dark business suits,he looked nice but easily forgettable,which was why I didn't notice him the first year we worked together at the firm.But my mother noticed everything. \"So what do you think of Rich?\"I finally asked,holding my breath. She tossed the eggplant in the hot oil,angry hissing sound.\"So many spots on his face,\"she said. \"They are freckles.Freckles are good luck.\"I said a bit too heatedly in trying to raise my voice above the noise of the kitchen. \"Oh?\"She said innocently. \"Yes,the more spots the better.\" She considered this a moment and then smiled and spoke in Chinese:\"When you were young,you got the chicken pox.So many spots,you had to stay home for ten days.So lucky,you thought.\" I couldn't save Rich in the kitchen.And I couldn't save him later at the dinner table. When I offered Rich a fork,he insisted on using the slippery ivory chopsticks.Halfway between his plate and his open mouth,a large chunk of redcooked eggplant fell on his brand new white shirt. And then he helped himself to big portions of the shrimp and snow peas,not realizing he should have taken only a polite spoonful. He declined the new greens,the tender and expensive leaves of bean plants.He thought he was being polite by refusing seconds,when he should have followed my father's example,who made a big show of taking small portions of seconds,thirds and even fourths,always saying he couldn't resist another bite and then groaning he was so full he thought he would burst. But the worst was when Rich criticized my mother's cooking and he didn't even know what he had done.As is the Chinese cook's custom,my mother always made modest remarks about her own cooking.That night she chose to direct it toward her famous steamed pork and preserved vegetable dish,which she always served with special pride. \"Ai!This dish not salty enough,no flavor,\"she complained,after tasting a small bite. This was our family's cue to eat more and proclaim it the best she had ever made.But before we could do so,Rich said,\"You know,all it needs is a little soy sauce.\"And he proceeded to pour a riverful of the salty black stuff on the china plate,right before my mother's horrified eyes. And even though I was hoping throughout the dinner that my mother would somehow see Rich's kindness,his sense of humor and boyish charm.I knew he had failed miserably in her eyes. Rich obviously had a different opinion on how the evening had gone.When we got home,I was still shuddering, _ remembering how Rich had firmly shaken both my parents'hands with that same easy familiarity he used with nervous new clients.\"Linda,Tim,\"he said,\"we'll see you again.\"My parents'names are Lindo and Tin Jong,and nobody except a few older family friends ever calls them by their first names. \"What did she say when you told her?\"I knew he was referring to our getting married. \"I never had a chance,\"I said,which was true.How could I have told my mother I was getting married,when at every possible moment we were alone,she seemed to remark on how pale and ill he looked. Rich was smiling.\"How long does it take to say,Mom,Dad,I am getting married?\" \"You don't understand.You don't understand my mother.\" \n Answer: She was shocked by Rich's violation of cultural taboo.",
            "output": [
                "Which is NOT the reason why the author didn't tell her mother she was getting married?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f5cce71525a45a4b9b992f9ff3c617e",
            "input": "Article: By the mid-nineteenth century, the term \"icebox\" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns , and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor   of the modern fridge, had been invented. Making an efficient icebox as not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary . The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation  and circulation needed for an efficient icebox. But as early as 1803, and ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price  for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool. \n Answer: In refrigerating freight cars and households.",
            "output": [
                "Where was ice used after the Civil War?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a23573f5df474cf7ab96d160d0842491",
            "input": "Article: How do successful people think? What drives them? Interviews and investigations show that there are several keys to success that successful people share. First of all, successful people never blame someone or something outside of themselves for their failure to go ahead. They realize that their future lies in their own hands. They understand that they cannot control things in life, such as nature, the past and other people. But in the meantime, they are well aware that they can control their own thoughts and actions. They take responsibility for their life and regard this as one of the most empowering  things they can do .Perhaps what most separates successful people from others is that they live life \"on purpose\"---they are doing what they believe they are put here to do .In their opinion, having a purpose in their life is the most important fact that enables them to become fully functioning people. They hold that when they live their life on purpose ,their main concern is to do the job right .They love what they do ---and _ shows people want to do business with them because of their devotion to their jobs. To live their life on purpose, successful people find a cause they believe in and create a business around it. Besides, they never easily give up. Once they have set up goals in their life, they are willing to do whatever it takes to achieve their goals. Top achievers always keep in mind that they don't have forever. Rather than seeing it negative or depressing, they use the knowledge to encourage themselves to move on and go after what they want energetically and passionately. \n Answer: How can people be successful?",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5a5ffa9d4b6f442b83e58a340f44990c",
            "input": "Article: Many boys love reading about the legends of old pirates   and dreaming of their own wild adventures. But modern pirates are not a thing of the past. Last month Somali pirates did their boldest hijacking   to date. They seized the Saudi supertanker   Sirius Star carrying crude oil worth about $100 million. They demanded $15 million to free the ship and its crew. The pirates have kept hitting the headlines this year: 92 attacks have been attempted, with 36 successful hijackings and 268 crew members taken hostage  . The Chinese fishing ship Tianyu 8, with 17 Chinese and 8 foreigners on board, has been in their hands since November 14. Of course piracy   is nothing new. Even since there has been water and ships there have been pirates. The earliest documented history of pirates dates back to the 13thcentury in the Mediterranean Sea. Even the famous Roman emperor Julius Caesar was once kidnapped by pirates. Piracy reached its peak in the mid-1700s. It was during this time in the Caribbean and off the coast of Africa that men like \"Blackbeard the Pirate\" made this profession attractive. But with the creation of stronger national Navies piracy became less popular around the world. In the mid-20thcentury, most pirates were petty   thieves. They used hooks to sneak   on board ships at anchor, and grabbed all that they could find. _  However, nowadays piracy has become a multi-million-dollar business at tracting many in poor countries. Pirates are treated like heroes among local fishermen. They use satellite phones and Global Positioning Systems (GPS). Once they spot their target, they swarm the ship with fast boats and shoot it by firing AK-47s or even rocket-propelled grenades  . Then they hold the ship and its crews for money. \"The world should take forceful actions together to fight piracy,\" said leaders at the Asian and Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in Peru. \"However, putting in anti-piracy army can only be half of the solution. We have to protect the fair chance of Somali fishermen to get a good living and keep them from the lure of easy money,\" said Peter Lehr, a lecturer in terrorism studies. \n Answer: In the mid-1700s.",
            "output": [
                "When did piracy reach its peak?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a4fb22d440104ed19722c4d35d815896",
            "input": "Article: Roger Federer and Serena Williams have been named as 2009' s world champions by the International Tennis Federation(ITF) after topping the year-end rankings. Federer, who wins the honour for the fifth time, completed a career Grand Slam at Roland Garros before winning his 15th Grand Slam ride at Wimbledon. And Williams won the Australian Open and Wimbledon, her llth major success. The pair will receive their awards at the annual 1TF world champions dinner in Paris in June. Federer regained the world number one ranking from Rafael Nadal after his Paris victory and his Wimbledon win over Andy Roddick saw him surpass Pete Sampras' haul of Grand Slam titles. He was also runner - up at the Australian Open and the US Open and helped his country retain its Davis Cup world group status. \" It is an honour for me to be named ITF world champion for a fifth time.It was an incredible   year for me both on and off the court,\" said the 28 - year - old Swiss star whose wife Mirka gave birth to twin girls in July. \"To win my first Roland, Garros title, break the all - time Grand Slam record and regain the number one ranking is amazing.It means a lot to me to finish the year again at the top.\" Williams takes _ for the first time since 2002.As well as her Grand Slam wins,            she won the season - ending WTA Championships in Doha.sealing the top ranking in the last event of die year. She also took the doubles year award with sister Venus after taking their career total to 10 Grand Slam titles.In doing so, she joins Lindsay Davenport and Martina Hingis as the only players to become singles and doubles world champions in the same year. American twins Bob and Mike Bryan were named as the men' s doubles world champions for the sixth time in seven years. \n Answer: Williams & Federer were named 2009' s world champions.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81a859d5f0d14e1d80e282f50095e1d0",
            "input": "Article: Sherlock Holmes was the greatest detective in history. His astonishing power of observation and analysis meant that he was able to solve cases which left the real police completely . As a problem solver in the law forced business, he was a knowledgeable person equal to Superman, the comic book hero. Like Superman, of course, Holmes did not exist. He was the creation of a Scottish doctor and novelist Arthur Conan Doyle, and remains one of the most famous literary fiction characters of all time. Holmes' general rule when trying to solve a case was as follows: completely get rid of the impossible. Then whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth. It's said that Holmes' powers of deduction   were superhuman, particularly his ability to process information from what he observed. In a story called The Boscombe Valley Mystery, Holmes examines the area near a lake where a murder has been committed. The local police have already searched the area and found no clues. Holmes spends ten minutes in the area, and announces that the murderer \"is a tall man, left-handed, limps with the right leg, wears thick-soled shooting boots and a gray coat, smokes Indian cigars, uses a cigar holder, and carries a penknife in his pocket. There are several other indications, but these may be enough to aid us in our search.\" Needless to say, he has found evidence to support all of these statements. The fictional Holmes lived in an apartment at 221 Baker Street, a real street in Central London. When Conan Doyle wrote about Holmes, there was no 221 Baker Street, but after the street was extended northwards, there was. There is currently a bank at that address. The fact that Holmes didn't actually exist doesn't stop thousands of people writing to him for help every year.The bank kindly responds to every letter they receive with the following message: \"Mr. Holmes thanks you for your letter. At the moment he is retired in Sussex, keeping bees, and does not undertake detective work nowadays.\" \n Answer: Neither Superman nor Holmes was a real character.",
            "output": [
                "How does the writer describe Holmes and Superman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c280558c00dd434e9e14615352f8887c",
            "input": "Article: (1) Liu Xiang got another gold medal in the 110m hurdles at the East Asian Games (EAG) in Macao last Wednesday.  The 22-year-old Liu defended his EAG title in 13.21 seconds, beating Shi Dongpeng (13.36) and Japan's Kota Kumamoto (13.89). His winning time was 0.16 seconds behind his top time this year and a further 0.08 behind this season's best: 12.97 set by Frenchman Ladji Doucoure, who beat Liu into second place in the world championships.  (2) Over 30,000 people were killed in the huge earthquake that took place in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan on October 8. Millions were left homeless after the quake destroyed houses, cutting off power and water.  The international community has responded to the countries' call for help. China has sent a rescue team, along with money and relief materials  . But because of bad weather, it is difficult for them to reach those in remote areas. The United Nations warned of a possible outbreak of infectious diseases  . \n Answer: 13.05 seconds.",
            "output": [
                "What is Liu Xiang's top time this year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8364310d39934eacac7e7f366fa90e37",
            "input": "Article: For the past four years, the Green Festival in Washington, D.C., has brought together people from around the country who are interested in the environmental movement. The groups call the festival \"a party with a purpose\". They say the purpose of the Green Festival is to create an economy in which natural resources are used in a way that does not destroy the environment. To the people who organize the event, \"green\" means having a safe and healthy community and a strong local economy. Throughout the two-day event, over one thousand people volunteered to help the festival run smoothly.  Four hundred businesses and organizations showed their products and projects. About three thousand visitors came to the party. They could find everything from naturally made organic food to clothing made from bamboo plants. There were over one hundred fifty speakers and discussion groups.  For example, you could learn how to be an environmentally friendly traveler. You could also watch several movies about political and environmental issues. Then you could listen to some live music performances. After sitting for too long, visitors could take a yoga exercise class. There was even an area for children. Younger visitors could enjoy fun games and lessons on subjects like protecting the rainforest and creating chocolate sweets. Green building was one of the important subjects at the festival. Many companies and organizations aim to create environmentally safe buildings. They design structures with reduced energy use, fewer chemicals and more recycled materials. The Loading Dock is an organization based in Baltimore, Maryland. Its message is that \"a person could build a house with what others throw away\". The Loading Dock collects donations of used building materials such as flooring, lighting, doors, and windows. These materials would otherwise end up in a landfill trash center. Then, the group resells the materials. This way, the materials are recycled. This form of recycling provides entire families and neighborhoods with low cost solutions for rebuilding their communities. Spending a day at the Green Festival showed people many solutions for improving the health of our planet. People have _ green choices, from the things people buy to the ways people eat, think, and live. The Green Festival connects a wide community of people who care deeply about, and are working to improve, our shared environment. \n Answer: To develop a green economy.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the Green Festival?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f91d2c3afc97405faa89aae8076cd4cf",
            "input": "Article: A job is more than a job,especially to the old. \"It's not the money that matters,but the sense of self-worth.\"56-year-old Cbeng Wonlan said. So,every day Ms Cheng carries a bag of parcels,letters and documents and does her rounds in North Point. She's a courier  Five years ago.Ms Cheng was a nurse at a private clinic. She had worked there for 30 years but was Jobless when the doctor migrated. It was difficult for her to find another job as a nurse. \"People do not trust my ability when they learn how old I am,\"she said. After two years of searching, she eventually found another nursing job. But then after two years,she quit Why? 'My colleagues were young and they didn't understand me because of my age. They often asked me 'You are so old what are you working for? I was very unhappy\" She said. So while the rest of her family left for work,she was left to lonely boredom at home .Then her neighbours told her about Employee's Retraining Board(ERB)offering retraining courses for older people. These courses are specifically designed to encourage the older people back to work. \"I was interested in courier work. I didn't think my age was a barrier because I was fit.\" She said .Upon graduating,Ms Cheng was offered a job by the Speeding Shuttle Courier Service Company. But then Ms Cheng was faced with a conflict:she was caught between honour and employment\"I felt embarrassed about carrying and delivering letters and parcels.\" she said. It took Ms Cheng 24 hours to make up her mind:there was nothing wrong or embarrassing about doing the job. So she went off to work as a courier. Ms Cheng's employer is delighted with her responsible attitude and said.\"I hired older people because they were able and reliable .Age is not an important factor but attitude is Many old people will not run from difficulties but the young ones will\" \n Answer: People didn't think she had enough work experience",
            "output": [
                "Why was it difficult for Ms Cheng to find another nursing Job?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d1429d16411f4be89c3b989651f73af9",
            "input": "Article: A Guide to the University Food The TWU Cafeteria is open 7am to 8pm.It serves snacks , drinks, ice cream bars and meals.You can pay with cash or your ID cards.You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk.Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study. If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Cafe located in the bottom level of the Gouglas Centre.This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching. Relaxation The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating.Monthly activities are held here for all international students.Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays. Health Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health.A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice.The cost of this is included in your medical insurance.Hours are Monday to Friday, 9am to noon and 1;00 to 4;30pm. Academic Support All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall.Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills.You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door two 30 -minute appointments per week maximum.This service is free. Transportation The TWU Express is a shuttle  service.The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping center, leaving from the Mattson Centre.Operation hours are between 8am and 3pm.Saturdays only.Round trip fare is $1. \n Answer: Add money to your ID and play chess",
            "output": [
                "What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-967340f571eb4bb1a55225c970be116a",
            "input": "Article: Lu Xun is one of the greatest Chinese writers of the 20thcentury. Besides his famous stories, he also wrote many influential articles about the living conditions of Chinese people. Born in 1881 to a wealthy family, Lu Xun had a happy childhood. In 1893, however, his grandfather, a senior government official, was put into prison for taking money. At the same time, his father became seriously ill. From that time on, his family were no longer accepted by their relatives and friends. These early experiences greatly influenced his writing. By the time Lu Xun arrived in Nanjing to study at university in 1899, he already believed that Chinese society had to change and become modern. In 1902 he went to study in Japan. There, he began writing articles for several Chinese student magazines. He showed a gift for writing and translating and he even wrote several books, although none was popular. He returned to China in 1909 because he was in need of money. After working for several years as a teacher in Beijing, Lu Xun again returned to writing. In 1918, he wrote his famous short story Diary of a Madman. It was the first Chinese novel published using the everyday language that people spoke, which helped make it a great success. _ , together with his novel The True Story of Ah Q (1921), made Lu Xun a leading Chinese writer. Although successful, Lu Xun still worried greatly about China's future. In 1926, he moved to Shanghai and gave up writing stories in order to devote himself to what he called \"pen warfare\". He now only wrote articles which called on the people to fight against the government. For this, the government stopped him from publishing any more books. He was forced to write his articles using false names. Since his death in 1936, Lu Xun's importance and influence have grown. Today, many of his writings are included in school textbooks and his works are read by millions around the world. \n Answer: His father's being put into prison.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following greatly influenced Lu Xun's writing according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7036cb3f5f5f43418f2fba1d3b42f76a",
            "input": "Article: The PS109 Nest Protect Smoke Alarm promises Internet alerts and an end to the low battery chirp . Besides, it uses a voice to tell you where the fire is. The alarm is the first UK product from Nest, which is run by iPod-inventor Tony Fadell. The company claims the device's batteries will last for up to seven years. The device will offer a spoken warning before it sounds a major alarm. Also it will use text messages and apps on your phones to alert users to low-level risks. The present smoke alarms constantly alert users to non-existent threats, which will make many users annoyed and finally remove their batteries altogether. \"We've all experienced the smoke alarm going off while we're cooking. Sometimes, we need to search for the source of that non-stop low-battery chirp at midnight,\" said Fadell. \"Therefore, every time a smoke alarm cries wolf, we trust it a little less, and then -- in a moment of frustration -- we take the batteries out to stop the beep . And that leaves us and our families at risk.\" If the Protect smoke alarms are used, they can be set up in up to ten zones, so that the clear warnings tell users where the risk has been detected. \"Safety shouldn't be annoying,\" said Matt Rogers, Nest founder and vice president of engineering. \"It was unacceptable to us that one in eight houses in the UK has a non-functioning smoke alarm. These products are required by law and are supposed to keep us safe, yet people hate them. We wanted to change that.\" \n Answer: To avoid the low-battery chirp.",
            "output": [
                "For what purpose did Nest create the Protect Smoke Alarm?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87b9df42f7a9498b92739c026769ed0e",
            "input": "Article: \"Just ate chicken feet for lunch. \" These were the words I wrote on my blog yesterday. By the next day there were hundreds of comments from my friends. They ranged from \"OH MY GOD! That is so disgusting! \" to \"What were they like?\" to \"Why can't you eat sandwiches like everyone else?\" To Chinese people, chicken feet are a normal snack. To my friends in Britain, the thought of eating a chicken's foot is----well, weird  . As weird, in fact, as eating a bullfrog, scorpion , snake, or turtle. But if there are two things I love more than anything else in life, they are: trying new things and food. I arrived in Beijing five months ago. Since then, I've searched for the \"weirdest\" foods so I can try them, then treat my friends to some \"virtual eating\" on my blog. One weekend, I went to Wangfujing, Beijing's \"snack street\". The trip gave me tons of blog material. \"I chose a stick with three live, wriggling  scorpions on it,\" I wrote. \"And it was pretty good. The scorpion was warm and crispy. The legs did have a tendency to get stuck between one's teeth, however. What's more, I am sure scorpion number two stung me with its tail in revenge .\" Next came snake: \"A bit like a cross between fish and chicken, with a slightly rubbery texture and meaty taste.\" Some people were actually angry when I ate turtle soup----especially when I posted pictures showing the poor little guy's head staring sadly up at us from the bowl. \"I am never speaking to you again,\" wrote one (former) friend. Still, I will continue my culinary quest. Next on my list is starfish, though I feel I should have some vegetables too----algae, maybe. So what am I eating, tonight, you may ask. Pizza. Well, a girl's gotta have a break sometimes. \n Answer: Trying new things and food.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer like most in life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3493fc92974c453e8f127a455793bbfb",
            "input": "Article: I'm a commercial fisherman in prefix = st1 /Alaska. It was an eye-opener to see the destruction and waste popular in the world's fisheries. TheAlaskafishery is very well managed and we do not see the damage occurring elsewhere. Many local people complain of the many restrictive   laws in the fishery, but after reading these articles, I'm in favor of even stricter regulation. The sea is the basis for life on Earth, and we must take care of it. Tom Hagen Craig, Alaska Your report presents an overly hopeless future. Here in New England where I have fished commercially for 45 years, we are beginning a recovery from years of over fishing. Under the newly authorized Magnuson-Stevens Act, fishermen are forming partnerships with scientists for the purpose of developing fishing-gear modifications   to reduce by-catch and reduce impacts   to fish habitat. Additionally, we are collecting information on fish stock abundance, population, and ecosystems. The New England Regional Fishery Management Council is supporting the formation of harvest districts, which enables fishermen to have changing market conditions.                                                                     Frank Mirarchi                                                 Scituate,Massachusetts  You described fishing around the world, but not here in the United States. There is no support for the American fisherman who is working under the harshest regulations on Earth and the strictest restrictions. We are fishing in a fashion that is completely suitable as required in the Magnuson-Stevens Act. TheU.S.keeps importing more fish from countries that have no requirements on gear or on their catch.U.S.fishermen cannot compete with foreign prices, so the fishermen's numbers have been reduced. There are no young people who will take our place.                                                  Jeremiah O'Brien                                                  MorroBay,California \n Answer: The fishery is balanced well there.",
            "output": [
                "How is the situation about fishery in Alaskaaccording to Tom Hagen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9536b2f288d405f9471edd914c0f64a",
            "input": "Article: Have you got a Facebook account? Are you thinking of getting one? Jamie Simmonds has just signed up. Let's see how she's getting along. My Diary MONDAY: I'm officially a Facebooker. I find a few people I used to know and I've soon got seven friends. I've never felt so popular! I wonder if my old university flatmate Steve is on here...What do you know! He is! Maybe Facebook has its uses. TUESDAY: I've received lots of nice welcoming messages on my wall. Later, I meet up with Steve for a drink after not seeing him for five years. We get on really well! Then, he uses his Facebook app for iPhone to suggest me as a friend to some other former classmates. Some of them even come to the pub and it's just like old times - possibly a bit too much like old times. During the night, photos are uploaded to Facebook. WEDNESDAY: Disaster! My mum's on Facebook! Has she seen the photos of me dancing on the table from last night? Has she shown them to dad? Oh. And I have a friend request - mum again! THURSDAY: There's a message from my boyfriend, \"so, it's over then, ;is it?\" Evidently I haven't changed my settings to show I'm \"in a relationship\", and I haven't even added him as a friend. Ah, well, I wonder what my ex-boyfriend is doing... Whoops! I accidentally type his name into my status box instead of the search ' and now every one can see it on their news feed.' FRIDAY: Time to update my status:\"Work is boring. Can't wait for the weekend!\" Yeah, that about sums it up. Oh, look, I've received a comment! Someone must feel the same way. Lots of my friends now\"like\" this status. SATURDAY: Good news! I've got 100 friends But wait! _ I look through my \"friend list\" to try to work out who it was. Why did they do that? Am I really such a terrible person? I never knew Facebook could be this cruel. SUNDAY: Wake up. Check my Facebook page. Make coffee. Check my Facebook page again. Get ready to leave. Change my mind and check my Facebook page ... again. I am becoming addicted to it! I think it's time to end it all before it takes over my life. I delete my account. Back to good, old, simple e-mails. Oh, look, I've got a message: A friend invited you to join Twitter. . . In July 2010, Facebook had more than 500 million active users. The average Facebook user has 130 friends. Facebook is translated into more than 70 different languages. The world spends 700 billion minutes a month on Facebook. Facebook creator Mark Zuckerberg's Facebook page says he's a Harvard graduate, even though he actually dropped out to focus on Facebook. The site is valued at between $7.9 and $11 billion. \n Answer: She showed in her facebook that she was still not dating anyone.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jamie's boyfriend ask her whether she had broken up with him?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e2b6c50900cd42b8b3c6c997e16fea4b",
            "input": "Article: Jasmine Meyers had the last laugh when the ocean swallowed her SUV Monday morning and brought it up an hour later, damaged, on the beach. Meyers was staying in Campbell River's Eagles Nest Motel during the wild storm that attacked the east coast of Vancouver Island early this week. \"We woke up to my mom screaming 'Your car! Your car! Your car's about to go in the water,'\"she said Wednesday. She'd parked her car in the hotel's parking lot that she described as a sort of a sea wall. The storm that swept throughout coastal areas hit extra hard in the Campbell River area. At about 8:30 am the bank below the parking lot gave way. Huge waves caught hold of the Toyota and took it into the water. Her mother took pictures while the terrible waves pulled the car out to sea. Then Meyers and her family members could only watch helplessly as the car was struck and pushed around in front of the hotel. \"It floated around out there for about an hour.\" Then the ocean spit the car back up on the beach. Meyers said it sat there until Wednesday, when a tow truck finally recovered the destroyed car. That's the crazy part of the story. The fun part is what happened next. \"I went mad,\" said Meyers. \"I didn't cry because I knew that I had insurance, but I went mad and I didn't know what to do.\" Yeah, insurance: not just insurance, but replacement insurance. \"Replacement insurance only ever lasts for three years,\"said Meyers. \"Mine ends on Nov.22 I would have been crying if it had been 10 days later.\" \n Answer: The hotel manager",
            "output": [
                "Who witnessed the disaster first according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-837fe15d9165421cab12c2a2adcf9e78",
            "input": "Article: A rocket began countdown . It was a common sound in the 1960s. But this was not just another countdown. It was the beginning of a historic event. It was the countdown of Apollo 11 -the space fligh that would carry men to the first landing on the moon. In the spaceship at the top of the rocket were three American astronauts whose names would soon be known around the world: Neil Armstrong. Edwin Aldrin and Michael Collins. Neil Armstrong was the commander of the spaceship. Edwin Aldrin was the pilot of the moon lander. The astronauts gave it the name the Eagle. Michael Collins was the pilot of the command module , Columbia. He would wait in orbit  around the moon while Armstrong and Aldrin landed and explored the surface. On Earth, all activity seemed to stop. President Richard Nixon gave federal government workers the day off to watch the moon landing on television. Around the world, 500 million people watched the television report. Countless millions more listened on their radios. Armstrong and Aldrin started the lander rocket engine. It slowed the spacecraft and sent it down toward the landing place. It was in an area known as the \"Sea of Tranquility \". The moon lander, controlled by a computer, dropped toward the airless surface of the moon. 140 meters from the surface, the astronauts look control of the lander from the computer. They moved the Eagle forward, away from a very rocky area that might have caused a difficult landing. It took the astronauts more than three hours to complete the preparations for leaving the lander. It was difficult - in the Eagle's small space - to get into space suits that would protect them on the moon's surface. Finally, Armstrong and Aldrin were ready. They opened the door. Armstrong went out first and moved slowly down the ladder. At 2:56 on July 20th, 1969, Neil Armstrong put his foot on the moon. \"That's one small step for man,\"he said, \"one giant leap for mankind.\" \n Answer: Because the first landing on the moon attracted the world's attention.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the three American astronauts on Apollo 11 soon become famous around the world?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d0ed99952cef464b849326bf9033ef52",
            "input": "Article: Just a few hours ago,the Italian ship Andrea Doria was sailing through thick fog toward the city of New York. Captain Piero Calamai kept watch. He knew that many other ships were nearby. He should have slowed down because of the fog but he decided not to. He wanted to arrive on time the next morning. At about 11:00 PM,another ship,the Stockholm,suddenly hit the Andrea Doria. It made a huge hole in the Italian ship. Some people were badly hurt. Others fell into the sea. But one girl was saved by the Stockholm. Linda Morgan was fourteen. She lived in Spain with her mother and her little sister. She was going to visit her father in New York. She was excited about seeing her father. Linda had loved the trip. She wanted to have dinner with the captain on the last night at sea. The captain did not sit at his table that night,though. He was busy guiding the ship through the fog. Linda did not get to talk to him. When Linda went to bed,everything seemed fine. Her mother turned off the lights. Linda talked to her little sister. She thought about seeing her father the next morning. What happened next was a terrible surprise. Linda woke up not knowing where she was. She was not in her bed. When she called to her family,no one answered. Both her knees were broken. Linda had been saved by an amazing accident. When the Stockholm made a hole in the side of the Andrea Doria,it lifted Linda out of her bed. She landed on the deck   of the Stockholm instead of falling into the ocean. A sailor heard her cries and found her. Right now,the girl is in the hospital. She is expected to get better. Her father is at her side,glad that his little girl was saved. The Andrea Doria lies under the waves at the bottom of the sea. \n Answer: He didn't want to be late.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't Captain Piero Calamai reduce the speed?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8d571ab9d3c94fd0876c1b8f7c1ce716",
            "input": "Article: Becoming a teacher is one of the best ways to make a difference in the life of a child and even older students. Here are some great scholarships and grant opportunities to get the ball rolling on your dreams of becoming a teacher. Straightforward Teacher Program This is one of the most popular and unique scholarships available for students working towards becoming teachers. The foundation offers their scholarships every three months as opposed to each year. During each payment, four students receive a $500 scholarship.  Prezell Robinson Scholarship Program While this scholarship is available only to students in the state of North Carolina, it is so incredibly helpful that many students choose to study in the state for the only purpose of receiving it. It is offered to college students who come from low-income high schools or families that are interested in pursuing a long term career in education at any level.  New York State Scholarship Program Officials in the state of New York founded this program to award students who want to give back to their community through their ability to teach. The catch for this scholarship is that the students must be pursuing a teaching career in mathematics or science at the secondary level.  Also, because the program was designed to improve the education system in New York, the candidates must sign a service contract agreeing to work full time within the state for at least five years after graduation.  Coca-Cola Scholarships You may have many opportunities for grants and scholarships through The Coca Cola Foundation. There is the Coca Cola Teaching Foundation that will provide free money for students pursuing an education in the teaching field. This is the most obvious for teachers, but do not be afraid to check out their other offers.  Funds For Teachers Not all scholarships or grants are for students entering or already in college. The Funds for Teachers scholarships are for graduates who are already working in the field, but want to improve their possibilities, skills and education in an effort to increase their ability to teach the students that cross their path more effectively. Teachers in PreK through 12th grade are applicable no matter where they teach or what subject they specialize in. \n Answer: Sixteen",
            "output": [
                "How many students get their scholarships each year according to the Straightforward Teacher Program ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-75b0a364f8aa4dc6ad167b2051dea223",
            "input": "Article: As we neared the last days of my mom's life, I wanted to understand what she was feeling and seeing. The day before she took her last breath I decided to ask her. First I wanted to make sure she could comprehend what I was saying. I told her I loved her, and she raised her eyebrows in acknowledgment. Then I shared a funny story about a conversation my sister and I had. The corners of her mouth turned up in a smile. I could tell that she was taking in every word. And then I went for it. \"Mom, can I ask you a serious question?\" She turned her head and opened her eyes fully. I could tell she wanted to grasp every word that came out of my mouth. \"Mom, do you see any of our dead relatives in the room? Do you see your dad?\" she shook her head. Do you see your mom?\" She shook her head again. \"Do you see dad?\" Her response was quite different this time. She began nodding her head. \"Is he here in this room right now?\" She nodded. \"Can he see me?\" She nodded again. Then she tried to communicate with words, but she couldn't get the words out. The next morning she died peacefully.. A few weeks ago, I was wondering why I haven't had many dreams of my mom since she died. That night I had one of the clearest dreams I've had for a long time. Mom was dressed beautifully. She stared at me with a huge smile. Her eyes were bright and full of life. She was happier than I had seen her in years. And she was younger. We didn't exchange any words, but it was clear that she was happy and free. I woke up with joy in my heart. \n Answer: She could communicate with her body language.",
            "output": [
                "What was the author's mother like on the last day before her death?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a64c5b4ded0e442790a08c096ee931ba",
            "input": "Article: Shelly Nielsen sees students fall asleep in class at least twice a week. \"When I see  teens asleep in my class, I wonder if I am really that boring\", said Nielsen, a teacher. \"I also wonder why they are so tired.\" Neilson first tried to wake up sleeping students quietly. If the snoozing   continues, she may call a student's parents to find out how much sleep the students is getting at night and why.  According to a research, teens need at least nine hours of sleep to function  properly during the day. And more than 90 percent of teens say they are sleeping less than that each night.     \"The big problem is the social demand for homework, video games and friends. Teens don't understand how important sleep is.\" said Dr. Carl Lawyer, a specialist.  Rebecca Lucas, another teacher agrees. \"Teens are busy,\" she said, \" many  activities force them to get home pretty late. When I see teens sleeping in my class, I feel sad. I also feel frustrated because I have so much to teach in such a short amount of time and teens sleeping in the class slows me down.\"     Al Taylor, a teacher says sleeping is not allowed in his class. \"When I see a teen sleeping in my class, I feel bad that they didn't get enough sleep but they need to correct it at home,\" Taylor said. \"I've raised teenage boys myself. Teenagers like to wait to the last minute to do their homework so that they often stay up late trying to finish it.\" \n Answer: She wakes them up with no punishment.",
            "output": [
                "What does Shelly first do when she finds students sleeping in class?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-08f58772ae8e4ac4985fcd24dd880361",
            "input": "Article: Surface Exploration. Robots make great explorers on planets,moons,and other landing areas. Aside from earth,just about every surface in the solar system is unsafe for humans to explore. The air on most other planets is insufficient  for humans to breathe,making it necessary to wear a space suit and oxygen equipment. The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand .Plus there would be complications with radiation,weather,and a lack of gravity. Robots have much less limitation in these areas and can survive much longer under these conditions. Data Collection. Robots are designed for collecting scientific data. Robots are also able to perform many tasks at a time and can process information much quicker and more efficiently. Important scientific projects from detecting minerals,analyzing ground samples,and finding water are all performed much quicker and more accurately   by robots. Cost Effective. The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work. In order to successfully send humans into space we would need to build a vehicle that can not only carry humans,but also enough food and water to keep them alive for the duration of the trip. Moreover,robots have no problems working for hours on end. Robots never complain,they don't require food or water,and they never need a bathroom break. Space Travel. Over the past 30 years or so there have been many different types of robots used successfully in the exploration of space. Perhaps the most famous and successful robots are the Spirit and Opportunity who have both been exploring the surface of Mars. They have both been very successful with experiments on soil and rocks and have even found evidence of water in Mars' history. \n Answer: The use of robots in space exploration costs more than the use of humans.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8cdf6a38658948e3a9e0d2b6ab42c445",
            "input": "Article: Indonesia is a dangerous country to call home. It lies above several active plates with many fire-breathing volcanoes around. The eruption of a volcano and the shaking of an earthquake this week is just one reminder of Indonesia's burning base. Indonesia, consisting of 17,500 islands, sits between the world's most active region, the Pacific Ring of Fire, and the world's second most active region, the Alpide belt. Being situated between them means the islands experience some of the strongest earthquakes and most powerful volcanic eruptions known on Earth. The Pacific Ring of Fire is the world's greatest earthquake belt according to U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), because of its series of fault  lines covering about 25,000 miles from Chile through Japan and Southeast Asia. Earthquakes usually occur along faults, which are breaks in the rocky plates. About 90 percent of all the world's earthquakes, and 80 percent of the world's largest earthquakes, strike along the Pacific Ring of Fire. About 17 percent of the world's largest earthquakes and 5-6 percent of all quakes occur alone the Alpide belt. In 2009 alone Indonesia had 10 earthquakes greater than magnitude   6.0, according to the USGS. Monday's 7.7-magnitude earthquake that caused a 3-meter-high tsunami, killing at least 113 people, occurred when the Australian and Sunda plates struck into each other. One rocky plate took a dive below the other, resulting in an earthquake   The 9.1-mangitdue 2004 quake and Indian Ocean tsunami killed about 230,000 people in quite a few countries. Below Indonesia, the Eurasian Plate, Australian Plate, Sunda Plate and Pacific Plate meet together. \n Answer: It covers 17,500 islands",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE of Indonesia?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b4bca8d4fb5f481ca334e17139e2a395",
            "input": "Article: Mike Myers is a teacher at Chauncey Rose High School in Terre Haute, Indiana. Last year, he taught his students about the world's rain forests. They learned that rain forests are important because the plants and animals of the rain forest give us food, wood, and medicine. Destruction of the world's rain forests is a serious problem. Unluckily, rain forests are disappearing at a rate of 80 acres per minute! As part of a class project, Myers' students bought three acres of rain forest in Costa Rica. They paid $25 per acre. The students hope that the land they bought will be protected and not destroyed. The students became so interested in rain forests that they decided to get a closer look at a real rain forest. So last June, Myers and four of his students took a boat ride down a river. They saw alligators and crocodiles. In the middle of the week, a guide took Myers and his students into the rain forest. \"The monkeys were not happy that we were in their forest. They broke small branches off the trees and threw them at us,\" one of the students said, \"It was a great learning experience for all of us,\" said Myers. Each student chose something specific about Costa Rica to study involving the plants, animals, food, and culture. During the last few days the group had time to do fun activities. They went whitewater rafting and horseback riding, and visited Costa Rica's active volcano. Myers hopes to make the trip every year with a different group of kids. \n Answer: $75",
            "output": [
                "How much did Myers' students pay for the rain forest they bought?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b121ce3eb0d5441a9f8cc06f3737d6de",
            "input": "Article: The run-up to the launch of China's first lunar orbiter at the end of this month has caught the country's imagination, with more than two thirds of the nation hoping to see the launch live on TV, according to a survey. According to the survey by China Youth Daily and www.qq.com, almost the entire nation hopes to catch images of the event at some point, with 99 percent of the 10358 respondents saying they expected to witness the satellite launch and 68.9 percent said they were certain to watch the live broadcast of the launch. On www.qq.com and www.sina.com, two popular web portals in the country, internet users have contributed some 2,000 poems and 5000 drawings on the theme of Chang'e I. \"The satellite launch means much more than just saying 'hello' to the moon. Maybe in the future we could also send some people to accompany sister 'Chang'e',\" said a college student in the survey. Remarkably, many people expect to visit the moon one day, with 93.4 percent of respondents saying they expected to do so. Chang'e I is named after Chang'e, a famous character from Chinese mythology. She ascended from earth to live on the moon as a celestial being after drinking an elixir. There is also another connection between the moon and China. In the 1970s, a crater on the moon was named after a Chinese stargazer, Wan Hu, who is said to be the first astronaut in human history. Legend says about 600 years ago, around the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Wan Hu, a local government official, tried to fly into space with the help of a chair, two big kites and 47 self-made gunpowder-filled rockets. According to the legend after the rockets were lit there was a huge bang and lots of smoke. When the smoke cleared Wan was nowhere to be found. China's first astronaut flew into space in 2003 with the launch of the Chinese-made spaceship Shenzhou V. China became the third country, after the Soviet Union and the United States, to carry out manned space missions. \n Answer: China's first astronaut flew into space in 2003 in the spaceship Shenzhou VI.",
            "output": [
                "Which is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69d8c40b7663414aafa252a75371987f",
            "input": "Article: A pair of giant pandas from southwest China's Sichuan Province arrived at their new home in Belgium's Pairi Daiza zoo, some 60km southwest of downtown Brussels, at around 15:00 local time (1400GMT) on February 23, 2014. About 2,500 people, many of them excited children waving national flags of China and Belgium as well as panda-decorated flags or wearing costume of Panda greeted the pandas along the road to the zoo. Visitors today can only observe the pandas through a closed-circuit television system in the reception. Officials said they wanted the pandas fully adapted to their new home before making public _ in April. The pandas, Xing Hui, the male and Hao Hao, the female, are both 4 years old and are on lease from a breeding center in southwest China's Sichuan Province. The lease term is 15 years, according to officials with the China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Pandas, the world's largest research base for the species. \"It's a good thing for Belgium.\" Nicole Duflot, a grandmother coming to the zoo with her husband and her grandson told Xinhua, \"We can't see the Panda today but it's a great thing for us to come here.\" The Pandas will be living in a panda hall of 5,300 square meters within the zoo. \"I hope Xing Hui and Hao Hao will enhance friendship between Belgium and China.\" Liao Liqiang, the Chinese ambassador to Belgium, said during an interview with Xinhua. \n Answer: We meant to improve the relationship between China and Belgium.",
            "output": [
                "What was the main purpose of China leasing pandas to Belgium?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f72927ef0404820a162b11bb4bd0d52",
            "input": "Article: The concept of solar power satellites, or SPS, first put forward in the 1960s, is still not widely known by the general public. For example, at many public exhibitions about energy, SPS is not even mentioned. This is mainly because very little money has been spent on SPS research There are people who claim that SPS is unrealistic - because launch costs are much too high today; or because it is too far away. So why do we believe that it is important to continue to do researches on SPS? The reason is very simple. Humans are going to need huge amounts of electric power in coming decades. Within 50 years the world population is expected to double, while economic growth will continue around the world, especially in the poorer countries. But existing energy sources already face serious problems. They are limited; they are polluted; they are dangerous. So 50 or 100 years from now, where is our power going to come from? Nobody knows. And so we believe that new large-scale possibilities should be studied further. We must remember that humans have some choices concerning our future. To some extent we can choose the direction in which our civilization develops. And choices that are made in the coming decades - such as the energy sources that we will or will not use, will have major, long-term meaning for human life on earth. We believe that if research continues to show that SPS is environmentally and economically attractive, SPS will open the door to a much more attractive future for human civilization than any ground-based energy source, and one that the public will support and that young people will find challenging and exciting. Furthermore energy from SPS can be readily used in developing countries, as the SPS 2000 project will show, thus aiding economic development worldwide. In addition, by creating large commercial fund for space engineering, SPS will open the frontier of space to economic development, thus creating a limitless new field for the growth of the world economy. \n Answer: The Future Energy- SPS",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-331867dc5f954e5eb98d662ee15bb86c",
            "input": "Article: Food for Italians isn't a trend; it's a way of life. Italians live to eat, and the importance of food in family life is absolutely important and deep-rooted in everyday routines. In Italy, kids are encouraged to be part of every social occasion that revolves around food -- it's not about dividing the children from the adults, giving them separate meals or putting them to bed early. In Britain, by contrast, my sister and I often see children eating separate meals from their parents. Letting children experience food like an Italian will develop not just their palate  but also their social skills, manners, teaching them new and mature ways to interact. Here are some food customs that are part of every Italian child's upbringing. One of the most celebrated Italian food customs is the morning coffee. Coffee shops and bars have customers streaming in and out of them each morning as the Italians get their daily dose-and this habit is just as much about the social setting as it is about the coffee. While the morning is all about coffee, pre-lunch or dinner, it's all about the local snacks. Most often, Italian city centres and squares are jam packed with locals who come out with their kids to enjoy this pre-dinner treat, and children are encouraged to enjoy snacks available. This is a brilliant way to get kids to try new tastes without the pressures of meal times. It's important to note that \"kids' menus\" do not exist in Italian restaurants--children are treated like adults and are offered plates from the main menu -- in smaller amounts, if they're young. Post-lunch, most cities can seem quite deserted. But by 4 p.m. onwards, the crowds start to re-emerge. One by one, families spill out and the streets liven up. Everyone begins their afternoon stroll, enjoying the afternoon snacks, like ice-cream, which turns over a huge trade in Italy. \n Answer: Encourage children to eat with them.",
            "output": [
                "What will parents do at meal times in Italy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c2fe4aedabed4d9bae45f61e493c6946",
            "input": "Article: Children like to imagine they are someone else in a game. As a parent you might never guess how it can benefit your child. It helps your child: Develop Social Skills As children play pretend games,they explore relationships between family members,friends and coworkers and learn more about how people interact.Playing doctors,they imagine how physicians care for their patients.Imaginative play helps develop empathy  with others.If children can imagine how it feels to be left out of a game or to lose a pet,they are better able to help those in need.They become more willing to play fair,to share,and to cooperate. Build Selfconfidence Young children have very little control over their lives.Imagining oneself as a builder of skyscrapers or a super hero defending the planet is inspiring to children.It helps them develop confidence in their abilities and their potential. Promote Intellectual Growth Using imagination is the beginning of abstract thought.Children who can see a king's castle in a mound of sand or a delicious dinner in a mud pie are learning to think symbolically.This skill is important in school where a child will have to learn that numbers symbolize groups of objects,letters symbolize sounds,and so on. Practice Language Skills Kids who pretend with their friends do a lot of talking.This helps increase their vocabulary,improve sentence structure and develop communication skills. Get Rid of Fears Pretending can help children get rid of their fears and worries.When children roleplay the big,bad monster under the bed,they gain a sense of control over him and he doesn't seem quite so big or so bad. \n Answer: Pretending to be a doctor.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can help children develop social skills in a game?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ef852375ff92405888c530ce270388ad",
            "input": "Article: Recently Chinese society has seen a flowering of a new vocabulary. Perhaps the most interesting has been the division of people into tribes (zu in Chinese).  The pains of the yi zu, or the ant tribe, have been well-known --- recent graduates from outside the main cities who move to urban areas, live cheaply and work hard, often in low-paid jobs. Perhaps less well-known are the ken lao zu, the bite-the-old tribe, those between 25 and 35 who are out of work, still at home and depending completely on Mum and Dad. Many of the tribes, inevitably , are made up of people looking for love. There is the jia wan zu, the marry-the-bowl tribe. These are young women searching for the most stable husbands, the ones who hold government jobs. The shan hun zu, or lightening-marriage tribe, marry fast and sometimes separate faster. They should not be confused with the yin hun zu, the hidden-marriage tribe. These are women in their 20s who hide the fact that they are married. And if you can only afford a postage stamp of an apartment, you're probably a member of the wo ju zu, the snail-house tribe. You can belong to more than one tribe. Most members of the ant tribe also belong to the ben ben zu, the rush-rush tribe, to which, in fact, most urban Chinese belong. All that rushing around can create a lot of anger, leading to the nie nie zu, the crush-crush tribe, so named because they go into supermarkets and take out their anger by standing in the passages crushing packets of instant noodles. Another famous one is the yue guang zu, or moonlight tribe, so named because the Chinese characters for \"moonlight\" sound the same as the phrase \"spend all your monthly salary\". Their parents save every coin, but life for these young people is just to spend, spend and spend. \n Answer: Graduates from the countryside .",
            "output": [
                "Who probably belong to the ant tribe?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-41aab3c6bed94f8597a54b207bbb78a0",
            "input": "Article: We know that cigarette smoking kills. So, producers made electronic cigarettes as a safer smoking choice - safer than tobacco. Although e-cigarettes contain the drug nicotine like cigarettes, they do not use tobacco and you do not light them. They are powered by battery  . However, if e-cigarettes are so safe, why has the United States Center for Disease Control(CDC) seen an increase in telephone calls about e-cigarette poisonings? The answer is children. Most of the calls are from people worried about children who have played with the devices, In the period of one month this year, the Center said 215 people called the Center with e-cigarette concerns. More than half of these calls were for children aged five and younger. The devices had made them sick. Tim McAfee is director of the Center's Office on Smoking and Health, He says the problem is regulation. Meaning, the U.S. federal government does not control e-cigarettes even though they contain liquid nicotine. Mr.McAfee adds that liquid nicotine is a well-known danger. Mr.McAfee explains that nicotine poisoning happens when it gets into the skin, gets into the eyes or is swallowed. It can cause stomach pain or a sense of unbalance. And too much nicotine can kill, Tim McAfee says e-cigarettes do not create the level of risk to people that tobacco products do.He notes that almost 500,000 Americans die each year from cigarettes. \"So, cigarettes are the winner in that contest.\" E-cigarettes do not contain hundreds of harmful chemicals that are found in real cigarettes. So, the U.S.Surgeon General Boris D. Lushniak has suggested that e-cigarettes may be a useful tool for adults trying to end their tobacco use. But McAfee worries that teenagers may think electronic cigarettes are harmless. They could become addicted to the nicotine and then start smoking real cigarettes. In other words, he fears that for young people fake e-cigarettes could be a \"gateway\" to the real thing. \n Answer: Cheaper.",
            "output": [
                "What do the producers think of e-cigarettes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-de23ead3c16343b2854f5c4f9b716ee0",
            "input": "Article: EACH of us fails from time to time. If we are wise, we accept these failures as a necessary part of the learning process. But all too often we convey to our children either by words or by actions that failure is something to be ashamed of, that nothing but top performance meets our approval. Donnie was my youngest third-grader. His fear of failure kept him from classroom games that other children played excitedly. He seldom answered questions - he might be wrong. He seldom finished his work because he repeatedly checked with me to be sure he hadn't made a mistake. I tried my best to build his self-confidence. But nothing changed until midterm, when Mary Anne, a student teacher, was assigned to our classroom. She was young and pretty, and she loved children. My pupils, Donnie included, adored her. But even enthusiastic, loving Mary was _ by this little boy who feared he might make a mistake. Then one morning we were working math problems. Donnie had copied the problems with painstaking neatness and filled in answers for the first row. Pleased with his progress, I left the children with Mary. But when I returned, Donnie was in tears. He'd missed the third problem. Mary looked at me in despair. Suddenly her face brightened. From the desk we shared, she got a canister   filled with pencils. \"Look, Donnie,\" she said, \"I've got something to show you.\" She removed the pencils and placed them on his desk. \"See these pencils, Donnie?\" she continued. \"They belong to Mrs. Lindstrom and me. See how the erasers are worn? That's because we make mistakes too. Lots of them. But we erase the mistakes and try again. That's what you must learn to do, too.\" She kissed him and continued: \"I'll leave one of these pencils on your desk so you'll remember that everybody makes mistakes, even teachers.\" Donnie looked up with love in his eyes and just a glimmer   of a smile. The pencil became Donnie's prized possession. That, together with Mary Anne's frequent encouragement and praise for even Donnie's small successes, gradually persuaded him that it's all right to make mistakes - as long as you erase them and try again. \n Answer: Patient and inspiring.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words best describe Mary Anne as she is shown in the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2a6794a7f63452997334648f0fc9c11",
            "input": "Article: Different kinds of soil conservation methods are used by farmers to protect their land from damage by farming and the forces of nature. One important form of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks. Windbreaks are barriers   formed by trees and other plants with many leaves. Farmers plant them in lines around their fields. Windbreaks stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from destroying or damaging crops. They are very important for growing grains, such as wheat. There have been studies done on windbreaks in parts of West Africa, for example. They found that grain harvests can be twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without such protection. However, windbreaks seem to work best when they allow a little wind to pass through. If the wall of trees and plants stops wind completely, then violent air motions will take place close to the ground. These motions will lift soil into the air where it will be blown away. For this reason, a windbreak is best if it has only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants needed to make a solid line. There should be at least two lines in each windbreak. One line should be large trees. The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are best for windbreaks. \n Answer: A windbreak is a wall of wind to fight wind from the opposite way.",
            "output": [
                "What is a windbreak according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e46451de31440f7b93465800ad39521",
            "input": "Article: Most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime.This is not the way people used to sleep.According to researchers,in earlier times,people divided sleep by first sleeping a few hours,waking up,then going back to sleep.In the first period,you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night,you came out of first sleep,you would stay in bed and relax quietly.It was called the watching period.Then you would start to feel sleepy.so would return to bed and tall asleep again for your second sleep.This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived.With no artificial lighting in homes,people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight. Before the 18th century, people had no gas or electricity in their homes.Fire,candles,or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting.This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns.It made sense for people to go to bed early. Today,human may consider divided sleep a strange habit,but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern.Dr.Thomas Wehr of the U.S.National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep.He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the older, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern.Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep.In a research study,he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M.to 8:00 A.M.).At first,the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep,and then slept 11 hours a night.Then overtime,they switched to divided sleep.They fell asleep for about three to five hours in the evening,stay awake for an hour or two,and then slept again for four hours till early morning. We modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep.However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night.We usually consider this a sleeping\"problem\".but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior.Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping.A first sleep followed by a relaxation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives. \n Answer: People had a divided sleep pattern only in the 18th century.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-14a82f5fe46e4e589163151ad3adbefb",
            "input": "Article: When it comes to human resources, hiring highly-skilled staff is not usually enough for a company to function successfully. Besides the knowledge in their particular fields, employees must always have additional skills-----those of co-operation. In the case that work tasks can only be carried out by communicating with people, accepting common decisions, solving problems, sharing information and helping one another, teamwork skills are important. While some jobs may require talent, the ability to work as a team is learned. There are no complicated formulas ; you don't need to have any special qualities or exceptional mental abilities. Individuals can be effective as a team if they have developed certain behaviors or habits of communication. Many companies, clubs and organizations use team building activities. Team building activities may include a number of teamwork elements. They are aimed at encouraging active participation in task accomplishment while all members have their roles as individuals and are able to co-operate towards a common goal as a team. Many team building activities focus on problem solving and discussing team issues; thus argument as a way to common consensus   is encouraged. Team building activities often involve recognition and identification of team member skills, talents, knowledge, and experiences which allow the team members to learn more about each other and fully utilize   those skills where appropriate . Many team activities are focused on developing keys to trust during challenging times. \n Answer: Teamwork skills.",
            "output": [
                "In the author's opinion, which of the following is important for a company to be successful?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-edd69f95dc8940b6a808245300f49ea3",
            "input": "Article: In a very special course at Knnet School, the social-science teacher Adam Smith guides his students through the \"married life\". Unlike the traditional course, Adam makes his students experience the real problems married ones may face like housing and child care. \"No one tells kids about money-managing problems,\" says Adam. Each student should act out in ten weeks what normally takes couples ten years to finish. In the first week, one member of each couple is asked to get an after school job -- a real one. During the term, the income rules their life-style. In the third week, the couples must find an apartment they can afford. In the fifth week, the couples \"have a baby\" and then struggle to cover the costs of baby clothes and furniture. In week eight, the marriage comes to the breaking point by such disaster as a mother-in-law's moving in or death. It's all over by week ten (the tenth year of marriage). After serious discussion with lawyers about alimony   and child support, the students get divorced   . Adam's course, which has \"married\" 1,000 students since its beginning six years ago, is widely supported by parents and students. Some of the students have found the experience making them realize their real life marry plans are wrong. Marianne Baldrica, 16, who tried \"marriage\" last term with her boyfriend Eric Zook, 15, said, \" Eric and I used to get along pretty well before we took the course together. But I wanted to live in the city, he wanted the country. He wanted lots of kids, I wanted no kids. It's been four weeks since the course ended and Eric and I are just starting to talk to each other again.\" \n Answer: To show students the problems in real marriage life.",
            "output": [
                "What is the aim of Adam's course?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8b579e6bd142489d8822edb01f95d0fe",
            "input": "Article: To many web-building spiders, most of whom are nearly blind, the web is their essential window on the world: their means of communicating, capturing prey, meeting mates and protecting themselves. A web-building spider without its web is like a men cast away on an island of solid rock,totally out of touch and destined to starve to death. So important is the web to an orb-web spider's survival that the animal will continue to construct new webs daily even if it is being starved. For 16 days the starving spider builds completely normal webs. Then, as the animal gets _ , it constructs a wider-meshed (, )web using fewer strands . Such webs would only trap larger prey, which is more economical from the perspective of a starving spider. The spider stores energy by recycling web protein. It simply eats its own web each evening and reuses it to produce new silk. In studies with radioactivity, labeled materials, it was found that 95 percent of web protein reappears in the next day web. Most of the energy needed for web-building is used in walking over the strands as they are laid down. Scientists are impressed by the adaptability of the spider's highly preprogrammed brain, which is larger for its size than the brain of any other invertebrate . If web-building is interrupted, or if some of the existing strands are destroyed, the spider simply goes back to see where the web is left off and then finishes building a normal web. One spider will finish building the incomplete web of another. \n Answer: Importance of Webs to Spiders",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best expresses the main ideas of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-88f4a241dc704940a5d6f9ce4a534894",
            "input": "Article: While some music festivals were canceled because the economy isn't good, plenty remain for music lovers. Here's a guide to the best rock and jazz festivals this summer. Krayina Mriy When and where: June20-21, Kyiv, Pyrohovo folk museum Lineup, TNMK, Boombox, Vopli Vidoplyasova, Onuka Krayina Mriy is an annual rock music festival that promotes modern music. Besides music, the festival will offer dances as well as literary and theatrical performances and also playing a traditional music instrument. Alfa Fest When and where: June 26-28, Lviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet So far all tickets are booked, but a waiting list is available at _ This annual festival held in Lviv will be interesting for experienced jazz lovers. The performers on the lineup come from Ukraine, Japan, Cuba and the US. Koktebel Festival When and where:Aug.22-Sep.6. Zatoka village, Odesa Oblast Koktebel Jazz is the biggest outdoor jazz festival. The Cinematic Orchestra, Parov Stelar, Nino Katamadze, Bonobo, Submotion Orchestra, Billy's Band were the gala's superstars in previous years. This year the list of festival' participants and tickets prices still remain unknown but the organizers revealed that apart from good jazz, the guests will be offered music lectures and movies screenings. Respublica When and where: Sep4-7, Kamyanets-Podilsky, Khmelnytska Oblast Folk music and street art festival Respublica will take place in Kamyanets-Podilsky, one of the most beautiful cities in the west. Kyiv Post staff writer Nataliya Trach can be reached at _ \n Answer: Kyiv, Pyrohovo folk museum.",
            "output": [
                "Where can people enjoy the rock music?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bcbd41a265e8462bb3617ce207409b7d",
            "input": "Article: For a long time people have believed that high self-esteem   is the key to success. However, new research shows that focusing just on building self-esteem may not be helpful. In some cases, having high self-esteem can bring bad results if it makes you less likeable or more upset when you fail at something. \"Forget about self-esteem,\" says one of the psychologists involved in the new research. \"It's not the most important thing.\" This idea may sound a bit strange to you because studies also show that people with high self-esteem are less likely to be anxious, shy, or lonely than those with low self-esteem. In short, to feel good does you good. But, after reviewing about 18,000 studies on self-esteem, Roy Baumeister, a psychologist at Florida State University, has found that building up your self-esteem will not necessarily make you a better person. He believes that violent and evil people often have the highest self-esteem of all. He also said, \"There's no evidence that kids with high self-esteem do better in school.\" All types of people have problems. \"People with high self-esteem can have big egos  that can make them less likeable to their peers,\" said Kathleen Vohs, a psychology professor at Columbia University. \"People with high self-esteem tend to   think more of themselves,\" Vohs says. People with low self-esteem are more likely to rely on their friends when they need help. Researchers say it is best to listen to and support other people. Find positive ways to contribute to society. If you fail at something, try to learn from the experience. The best therapy , as they suggest, is to recognize your faults, accept yourself, understand your weaknesses and then do something about them. \n Answer: New research shows that high self-esteem may not be helpful.",
            "output": [
                "What's the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1460d8d29b7843d4ac4cc45d7dda635e",
            "input": "Article: It can be rude to talk politics over dinner...explicitly at least. But subtle linguistic cues might reveal more than you think about your political views, whether at the dinner table--or on Twitter. \"There's a lot of information in the details of our language.\" Matthew Purver, a computational linguist at Queen Mary University of London. \"The little words we use, the way we join together our sentences, and the kind of interactional patterns, where we react to other people.\" Purver's research team used Twitter as their communications forum, randomly selecting 28,000 users, half of whom clearly followed one political party's Twitter feeds, for example, @GOP, but not the other, for a more or less even split among Republicans and Democrats. Then they analyzed the words in those users' timelines during a two-week period in June 2014. As you might expect, the tweets of users who followed Republican accounts were a lot more likely to contain words like \"obamacare\" and \"benghazi,\" whereas \"bridge gate\" came up more among Democratic followers. But the researchers also found that the left-leaners were much more likely to use words like sh#& and fu@$ than were the righties. And whereas Republican followers preferred plural pronouns like \"we\" or \"us,\" Democratic followers used more singular pronouns, like \"I\" or \"me.\". That pronoun use could reflect previous work on how people on the right and left forge their political views. \"People on the right end of the political spectrum are more likely to be concerned with group conformity. Whereas people who tend to be on the left are perhaps more likely to see their morals or their values deriving from individualistic ideas, if you like.\" The study is in the journal PLoS ONE. Of course, just following a political account is not proof of political belief. But these findings suggest that algorithms may increasingly be able to read between the lines, detecting nuances in human communication that even we humans can't perceive. \n Answer: Information can be conveyed through the way of word combination, sentence pattern, etc. explicitly or implicitly.",
            "output": [
                "What is the meaning of \"There's a lot of information in the details of our language.\" ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-94ee36d361184845ba07f60797655a0e",
            "input": "Article: Of the 7,000 languages spoken in the world today, linguists   say, nearly half are likely to disappear this century. In fact, one falls out of use about every two weeks. Some languages die out in an instant, at the death of the only surviving speaker. Others are lost gradually in bilingual   cultures, as local tongues are edged out by the dominant   language at school, in the marketplace and on television. New research, supported by the National Geographic Society and the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages, has found the five regions where languages are disappearing most rapidly. They are northern Australia, central South America, North America's upper Pacific coastal zone, eastern Siberia, and Oklahoma and the southwestern United States. K. David Harrison, an associate professor of linguistics at Swarthmore College, US, said that more than half the languages had no written form and were _ to loss and being forgotten.\" Their loss leaves no dictionary, no text, or no record of the accumulated knowledge and history of a disappeared culture. Harrison and other researchers started their rescue project last year. They have been trying to identify and record endangered languages. They interviewed and made recordings of the few remaining speakers of a language and collected basic word lists. The individual projects, some lasting three to four years, involve hundreds of hours of recording speech, developing grammar and preparing children's readers in the obscure   language. The research has concentrated on preserving entire language families. \"These are probably languages that cannot be brought back, but at least we made records of them,\" said Gregory Anderson, director of the Living Tongues Institute, in Oregon, US. \n Answer: Many languages are quickly disappearing.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f6c1228906243548ff404cc0127d304",
            "input": "Article: Our children feel stressed out by an educational system that actually uses stress as an educational technique. It's a constant pressure of homework deadlines,essays and exams. And our children are told at a young age that failing a test means that they are failures in life. They'll end up nowhere if they don't pass this or that exam. Our educational system is based on a very Western idea that life is a struggle and you'd better measure up. It's survival of the fittest. While there is some truth to this,not as much as people think. Our ancestors didn't develop a constant stress environment. Back then,stress came quickly and was over quickly,it wasn't like the stress of modern education. Stress was originally just a shortterm biological response to danger;however,the constant stress of modern education rarely stops. It's long term,at least ten years and usually more. Recent research has shown that the neurological response to stress is the same response that is found in depression. So,what's the solution? A number have been proposed,including but not limited to the following.  _ .Exercise consumes energy that would otherwise build up in the stress response and could cause physical and mental problems. Teach relaxation exercises. Allowing the mind and body to relax cuts off the stress response and reduces the neurological fatigue ,enabling the individual to recover at least somewhat. Pay attention to thinking. Training the stressed student to pay attention to his or her own mind to a point where he or she is sufficiently aware to shut off the stress response when necessary. Of course,there's a logical answer to the problem. Just rearrange our teaching methods to encourage,rather than prevent,the natural curiosity and joy in learning that we are all born with. This would remove the stress and probably cut learning time in half. \n Answer: Taking measures to learn at school.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-29f1ffb263c84647814bdba482bb2387",
            "input": "Article: To get an extra 14 years of life, don't smoke, eat lots of fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly and drink alcohol in a proper amount.That is according to a study published this Monday in the Public Library of Science Medicine Journal. After tracking more than 20,000 people aged 45 to 79 years in the United Kingdom from about 1993 to 2007, Kay-Tee Khaw of the University of Cambridge and his colleagues found that people who adopted these four healthy habits lived all average of 14 years longer than those who didn't. \"We've known for a long time that these behaviors are good things to do, but we've not seen this benefit before, \"said Susan Jebb, head of Nutrition and Health at Britain's Medical Research Council.\"The benefit was also seen regardless of whether or not people were fat and what social class they came from.\" Study participants scored a point each for not smoking, regular physical activity, eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day and moderate alcohol intake. Public health experts said they hoped the study would inspire governments to introduce policies helping people to adopt these changes.But because the study only observed people rather than testing specific changes, it would be impossible to conclude that people who suddenly adopted these healthy behaviors would surely gain 14 years. \"We can't say that any person could gain 14 years by doing these things, \"said Dr.Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization.\"The 14 years is an average across the population of what's theoretically possible.\" \"Most people know that things like a good diet matter and that smoking isn't good for them, \"Susan Jebb said.\"We need to work on providing people with much more practical support to help them change.\" \n Answer: Having a cigarette before going to bed every day.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following DOESN'T belong to the four healthy habits?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0d113abc2bcd4d8ca9071266601955ab",
            "input": "Article: Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the use of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization   compare the actual decision made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents   of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format   that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the relevant considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the   importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its   importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges   as the best decision.    Since most important problems are multifaceted  ,there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question \"What will I do after graduation?\" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year. A decision-making worksheet begins with a concise statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to \"What will I do after graduation that lead to successful career?\" \n Answer: A tool to assist in making complex decisions.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-28b00421e50a411d9784750ab9cc90d1",
            "input": "Article: Grace Kane hangs onto an Olympic dream of clinging to a granite   wall by her fingertips 70 feet from the ground. The fearless girl is only 10, but already has scaled great heights in the sport of rock climbing. Last week, Kane won a bronze in the 11andyounger sport class at the USA Climbing Youth National Championships in Atlanta. She was the only competitor of the 31 there with no climbing coach or topflight facilities in which to train. Climbing will become an exhibition at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics in Brazil. The hope of enthusiasts is that the sport will gain full status in 2020.\"I'm already training for that,\" said Kane. \"Climbing is my passion, my love, and I want to make something of it.\" Her dad took her to climb rocks on her fourth birthday for the first time and today he can't keep up with her, \"It's the freedom to let loose,\" she said. \"When I'm up there, I'm so focused and don't hear anything. I always feel comforted knowing people are supporting me.\" The bronze in Atlanta qualified Kane for the USA team and November's International Championships in Ecuador. That's a trip she might have to miss because it's too expensive. Kane held a backyard music concert---she played the guitar and the piano and wrote inspirational songs---and raised $600 for her $1,500 trip to Atlanta. She's also been sponsored by a shoe company, but must rely heavily on donations from family and friends for travel expenses. Her mom Heather Kane said the family has chosen \"to do whatever we need to help her achieve her goals\". One of Grace's biggest challenges is finding balance in her life. There's school, her music and church to fit around climbing. \"Climbing is going to mean sacrificing things other kids might pursue,\" Grace said. \"But it doesn't bother me. It's like playing the piano; you can't take a break or you'll lose your touch.\" \n Answer: An amazing victory for a young rock climber",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e4630349971f45fcaef6e45678a582b6",
            "input": "Article: The writings of Shakespeare are today little read by young people in Britain. His young readership is limited to those who choose to study literature at university. Shakespeare's work, together with most other classics, is seen as remote, and written in a 400-year-old version of English that is about as inviting as toothache. Still, in Britain schools, it is compulsory to study the bard  , and when something is made compulsory, usually the result is boredom, resentment  or both. This was my experience of the classics at school. But when I reached my late teenage years, I had a change of heart. Like every other young person since the dawn of time, the world confused me. I wanted answers, so I turned to books to find them. I went on to take a PhD in literature and have taught it in Britain and China. I have never regretted it. There is something in literature that people want, even if they don't read books. You see this in the popularity of TV and movie adaptations of great works, the recent film version of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice being _ . These popular adaptations may help increase people's interest in the classics. Reading a simplified Romeo and Juliet may perhaps lead to a reading of Shakespeare's actual play. If that is the case, then I welcome the trend. But do not make the mistake of thinking that it is the same thing. Shakespeare is a poet. His greatness is in his language. Reading someone else's rewriting of his work is like peeling a banana, throwing away the fruit, and eating the skin. Take on the original. It really is worth the effort. \n Answer: British students usually find compulsory reading dull.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4359362c22b14ce48ba7b848983e211e",
            "input": "Article: The water level of oceans rises and falls alternately twice a day. This movement of water is called the tide. Tides are causer by the pull of the sun and the moon on the earth' s surface; since the moon is closer, it affects the tides more than the sun. When the moon is directly overhead, it actually pulls on the water that is below it. This causes the water level to rise because the water is pulled away from the earth. As the moon disappears over the horizon, the pull lessens and the water level settles back towards the ocean bottom. When the water reaches its highest level, we have high tide. And when the water comes to its lowest level, we have low tide from its lowest point, the water rises gradually for about six hours until it reaches high tide. Then it begins to fall continuously for about six hours until it reaches low tide. Then the cycle begins again. \n Answer: The Moon and the Tide",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b529ed193d2241fdbb9bbd9dbd748e07",
            "input": "Article: In today's fast paced, high stress world people are working longer hours than ever, and often exhaust themselves at day's end in front of the television to relax enough to begin again in the morning.However, television watching, for most people, does not really lower stress.Studies show that TV viewing more than an hour or so actually creates stress and, especially in women, may lead to the blues.Most individuals are unaware that doing some exercise after work makes them more energetic since it increases energy levels. Wise use of free time does not mean getting an advanced degree, although the mental encouragement gained through education is unbeatable in keeping your mind active.Learning new things nearly always adds a spark to your daily life, especially if it is a favorite topic, such as sport, fashion, or art.Also, look through your bookstore or library to find books on your interests.Try to replace a half hour TV watching with reading. It is reported that in the United States recently, many individuals have as few as two good friends.Long work hours and car _ act to separate people from each other.This separation is deadly.Find ways to meet people at the end of the day and on weekends.Often this can be best done by combining activities, such as by joining a walking group to get both exercise and companionship.Taking a class will lift your spirits and allow you to meet others with similar interests.Hobbies are great for reducing stress and provide another opportunity for social interaction. Using your free time to aid your health may include these elements and many more, such as going to concerts and spending time with family.Overall, the key is to spend less free time being passive.The best ways to use free time are to be mentally and physically active, spend some time outdoors, and interact with other people on a regular basis. \n Answer: Watching television may cause women to feel depressed.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-690e61d1af224e4c866d6b86ed5cdc1e",
            "input": "Article: Learning English is one of the few things I have been doing consistently over the past 16 years.Like most Chinese students, I started learning English because it was a compulsory   course in my middle school.More importantly, English was a central subject for the college entrance exam. At that time, studying English was not a pleasant experience for me.There was no fun in the process of learning.The focus of our English education was getting a good mark in exams.And nobody told me that the real meaning of studying mother language was communication. When I became a university student, I spent nearly half of my time on English.In fact , more than 90 percent of the job offer ads in Shanghai list \" proficiency   as a main requirement. How did I improve my English? People told me that TOEFL was very helpful and useful.As a result, I took a TOEFL training course and studied like mad.After six months' preparation, I took part in the exam and got a high score.Later on, I had a chance to further my study in Britain.I soon discovered that all of my past English learning had been futile  .When I first went shopping in a local supermarket, I really could not understand what the cashier was saying at all. It was then that I realized I had totally missed the point.Instead of just passing exams, the main function of learning English or any other language is communication.What is more, language does not exist independent of culture.Hence, mechanical memorization helps very little in communication.That's why I was still unable to freely express myself after learning English for many years.By no means am I talented in any foreign language.I am still learning English.Why? First and foremost, my job requires me to use English everyday.Secondly, English helps me to have access to more information.Thirdly, as a bookworm, English gives me a chance to dive into the huge pool of inspiring English books.Last but not least, it is such a great experience to write in another language.Indeed, English has become part of my life. \n Answer: He studied it because it was a compulsory course.",
            "output": [
                "How did the writer find English when he was a student?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2063b3576bb5418d8136096cf653181d",
            "input": "Article: One fine afternoon, I was walking along Fifth Street when I remembered that it was necessary to buy a pair of socks. Why I wished to buy only one pair was unimportant. I turned into the first sock shop that caught my eye. A boy clerk, who could not have been more than seventeen years old came forward. \"What can I do for you, sir?\" he said \"I wish to buy a pair of socks.\" I replied. His eyes shone. There was a note of excitement in his voice. \"Did you know that you had come into the finest place in the world to buy socks?\" I had no idea of that, as my entrance had been accidental. \"Come with me,\" said the boy, eagerly. I followed him to the back of the shop, and he began to pull down box after box from the shelves, showing their contents  for my choice. \"Hold on, lad\" I said \"I am going to buy only one pair!\" \"I know that,\" said he, \"but I want you to see how beautiful these are. Aren't they wonderful!\" There was on his face an expression of seriousness and pride and delight as if he were showing me the secrets of his religion . I became far more interested in him than in the socks. I looked at him in surprise. \"My friend, \" said I, \"if you can keep this up, if this is not merely from having a new job, if you can keep up this high spirit and excitement day after day, in ten years you will own every sock in the United States.\" \n Answer: A pair of socks.",
            "output": [
                "What did the writer want to buy one fine afternoon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8583ed7317e7463288609defddb6eceb",
            "input": "Article: What are the biggest problems that society will have to deal with in the new age? There are diseases like AIDS and cancer. There's climate change, of course. And what about producing enough cheap food and energy for the world's growing population? Who's going to solve all these terrible problems? Yes, politicians and world leaders will have a big part to play. Yes, businesses will need to create the economic wealth to pay for some of these things. But who's going to make a much greater difference to something like AIDS or climate change? It's going to be a scientist. It is the scientist who can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems. If you like thinking about the world around you, why not become a scientist? It doesn't mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses and spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine! Scientists do all kinds of amazing things that are actually interesting! Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date. Forensic  scientists work with the police to find quite small clues to catch criminals. Scientists work in schools and colleges as the teachers and professors who will train tomorrow's scientists. Don't think a scientist is far away! Maybe you like cooking? You could be a food technologist helping to keep fruit and vegetables fresher for longer. Perhaps sport is your thing? Do you know that most top athletes work with sports scientists in order to improve their performance? You could even be the science writer who gets to spend the life studying the latest advances and sharing them with the world. Looking for something to do for the rest of your life? My advice? Take a long and hard look at science. It is interesting and ever. \n Answer: A growing population.",
            "output": [
                "What is needed to solve these problems?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e7ba7a4d0c4248089b766eb48b3f2b84",
            "input": "Article: Old-Fashioned Play-For Pay Kids! Come to have a ball! Or 60,000 of them! There's a new type of business franchise that is appearing in shopping malls and neighborhood across America offering pay-per-use  indoor playgrounds, which feature toys, games, guided fun and a workout that doesn't break the family bank. As public playgrounds grow increasingly worn and dirty, the for-profit centers offer clean, safe guided activity as well as a variety of challenging exercises to develop kids' physical fitness, usually for a fee of around $ 5 an hour. \"Playgrounds are dirty, not guided,\" says Dick Guggenheimer, owner of the two-month-old Discovery Zone in Yonkers, N. Y., part of Kansas City-based chain, \"We are indoors; we are padded; parents can feel their child is safe\". In order to satisfy the need of two-earner families, the new franchise stays open in the evenings, long after traditional public playgrounds have grown dark and unusable. However, these new playgrounds are not meant to be day-care centers. Parents are expected to go stay and play with their kids rather than drop them off. But several also provide high-tech baby-sitting services. At some of the Discovery Zones, parents can register their children in special guided programs, then leave them and slip away for a couple of hours to enjoy a movie or dinner. If there is a problem, Mom and Dad are called. The most fun of all, though, is getting to do what parents used to do in the days before two-earner families and two-hour commutes , play with their kids. That, at least, is old-fashioned, even at per-hour rates. \n Answer: The disadvantages of outdoor playgrounds.",
            "output": [
                "What is this article mainly talking about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a10ace40a2b2492ca14cb829741125db",
            "input": "Article: How Does Your Body Keep the Same Temperature?        The temperature of your body should always be the same if you are fine, no matter whether the weather is hot or cold. That is why the doctor tests your temperature with a thermometer when you are sick. Normally, your  body temperature is ninety-eight point six degrees Fahrenheit  . If it is higher than that, it is a sure sign that something is wrong with your body.        Your body keeps the same temperature all the time, because it balances   the heat it produces and the heat it gives off. It is always burning up food and producing heat. It can produce heat faster when the body needs or give off heat faster when the body becomes too warm. Let's see how this works.        The heat of your body is given off chiefly through the skin. When you feel cold, your skin is tight and shows \"goose flesh\". When you feel chilly  , you must jump around to keep warm. Then your muscles begin to work, burn up fuel and produce more heat. It is not pleasant to shiver so you usually prefer warming up by taking exercise, or put on more clothes to keep warm.        When you get warm, the skin is loose and soft. It is so supplied with blood that heat is given off rapidly. If you get too warm, you begin to sweat and more body heat is used in evaporating the moisture   in your body. In warm weather or warm rooms, you wear less clothing, so that heat can be given off freely. You prefer less exercise because your body is warm enough, and the extra heat produced by taking too much exercise makes you uncomfortable.        Now you see why you feel differently in different kinds of weather. In summer, when it is hot, you feel tired and lazy. You do not care to work or play, but enjoy lying down and doing nothing. When you get out of doors in winter, the cold air makes you feel lively. You want to run and play. \n Answer: Because his temperature is a sign which can show whether he is sick or not.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the doctor take a person's temperature when he gets sick?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1ffabae7e1e7429ca476c9fe89ccc96a",
            "input": "Article: The English language is the result of the invasion  of the island of Britain over many hundreds of years.The first invasions were by a people called Angles about 1, 500 years ago. The Angles were a German tribe who crossed the English Channel . Later two more groups crossed to Britain. They were the Saxons and the Jutes. Through many years, the Saxons, Angles and the Jutes mixed their different languages. The result is what is called Anglo-Saxon or old English. The next great invasion of Britain was done by Vikings about 1, 100 years ago. Many English words used today come from these ancient Vikings. The next invasion of Britain took place more than 900 years ago, in 1066. History experts call this invasion the Norman Conquest. The Normans were a French-speaking people from Normandy in the north of France. These new rulers  spoke only French for several hundred years. It was the most important language in the world at that time. It was the language of educated people. But the common people of Britain still spoke old English. Old English took many words from the Norman French. Some of these include \"damage\", \"prison\", and \"marriage\". The French language used by the Norman rulers greatly changed the way English was spoken 800 years ago. English became what language experts call Middle English. Middle English sounds like Modern English. But it is difficult to understand now. The history of the English language continues as Middle English becomes Modern English, which is spoken today. \n Answer: The Angles.",
            "output": [
                "Who was the first invaders  of Britain?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dc01405a1bbc49218dc8b65ac96fa455",
            "input": "Article: Nanjing and Hangzhou summer camps offered     We are looking for hard-working and open-minded English teachers to join the Nanjing (Jiangsu Province) and Hangzhou (Zhejiang Province) summer camps!       Both of the summer camps will run from the beginning of July to the end of August. You will be expected to teach spoken English to Chinese students of different ages. We encourage you to bring your own culture to the classes to make things more interesting.     The information of the Nanjing camp:      * Working hours: 40 hours per week, 5 working days per week.       * Salary: about 7,000 RMB per month.      * Accommodation : free (single room).        The information of the Hangzhou camp:      * Working hours: 5 hours per day (= 50 min. / class x 6 classes), one day rest per week.       * Salary: 20,160 RMB in total (420 RMB per day = 70 RMB / class x 6 classes).        * Accommodation: free (shared room).         The requirements of the summer camps:      * Native English speakers (US, England, Canada, Australia, New Zealand). * A university degree.      * Teaching experience.       Please send us your resume  , copies of certificates and passport if you are interested in the camps.       E-mail: teacher1324@sina.com.cn      For more information you can visit our website at [Link]     Look forward to hearing from you soon! \n Answer: Foreign English teachers.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of people is the passage mainly written for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-85d4d764fe714e08a85340d07142cf2c",
            "input": "Article: There are 67 counties in the state of Alabama.Each county is rich with history and its own unique stories.Colbert County, located in the northwest corner of the state, has its share of exciting stories and claims to statewide fame.The county was created on February 6, 1867, and Tuscumbia became the county seat (the town in which the offices of the county government are located). One of the most famous residents of Tuscumbia was Helen Keller.Helen Keller was born on June 27, 1880.Her home was a white frame cottage built by her grandparents.Since ivy   grew everywhere, the house was called Ivy Green.It was here, at the water pump in the backyard, that Keller learned the word \"w-a-t-e-r\" with the help of her teacher, Anne Sullivan.Visitors to Ivy Green can walk under boxwood trees that are 150 years old.The home has furniture that the Keller family used.It also has Keller's Braille   books and her original Braille typewriter. Spring Park is Tuscumbia's most popular park and favorite tourist attraction.This park has the world's largest manufactured waterfall called Coldwater Falls.The Spring Park Light and Water Show is an amazing sight to see.It takes place every Friday, Saturday, and Sunday at sundown.The water appears to dance to music and colored lights.The music played during the show is recorded by singers and musicians from Alabama. Fame Recording Studios is in the city of Muscle Shoals in  Colbert County.The studio is the first successful recording studio in Alabama.It is best known for creating \"Southern rock,\" \"Southern soul,\" and \"county soul.\" Well-known performers like Aretha Franklin and musical groups such as Alabama and Lynyrd have made recordings at this studio. Visitors can continue to explore music in Alabama by visiting the Alabama Music Hall of Fame in Tuscumbia.Built in 1990, this site recognizes the musical talents of more than 500 Alabama residents in a wide variety of musical styles, including country and rhythm and blues. Truly, Colbert County has a lot of wonderful locations to visit.Guests will not be disappointed in a visit to this delightful place. \n Answer: There are a great many talented musicians in Alabama.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about Alabama and music?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d68be0ae91b54fb5bc9609c494e8309a",
            "input": "Article: It's not uncommon in America for a person to belong to some kind of volunteer group. Donating one's time and services is very much a part of the American way of life. Most charitable activities are organized by churches and groups around the nation and even encouraged by the government. The helping hand is extended to the poor, the homeless and the disabled. Some people work to teach youngsters how to read. Others open up soup kitchens to feed the homeless. Volunteers also take care of the disabled by making reading tapes for the blind and working in orphanages to help children without parents. High school students are often encouraged to become volunteers and many school club activities center around volunteer services. Students may work with disabled children during a summer program, or participate in a club activity which helps to bring meal to senior citizens who are shut-ins. With their sense of idealism students are often eager to donate their spare time. They see such activities as a way of becoming involved in the community and the adult-world. Social action for them becomes as   important as their academic studies. In a like manner, throughout the year,fund raising drives are also conducted by schools and community groups to raise money for a worthy cause. They may respond to a recent earthquake in a foreign country, a flood somewhere within their own, or another natural disaster which has left people destitute and homeless. They may organize drives to collect food, clothing and medicines to serve an immediate need. Today even the Halloween custom of 'trick or treat'has become an occasion to collect money for a charitable cause. The motive to help those less fortunate comes from the poor origins of the American nation. Those immigrants who were poor and downtrodden became dependent on the kindness of their neighbors to make a new life for themselves. American volunteers work throughout the world in less developed countries. They volunteer by serving as a champion of goodwill both at home and abroad, which no doubt enriches both his life and those whom he serves. \n Answer: Some students donate books to children in mountainous areas.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following charitable activities is NOT mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ad287a2cb9d424c982b4d84640d87bc",
            "input": "Article: Some years ago, Wang Baoqiang was a nobody to most Chinese people. However, he is now a household film star in China. Wang is the youngest child of a poor family in Hebei Province. Dreaming of becoming an actor, he left home at the age of 8 to study kung fu at Shaolin Temple, since kung-fu actors seemed to appear most often on the big screen. At 14, he moved to Beijing for his acting career for the first time, with little money in his pocket. He worked at a construction site for 20 to 25 yuan per day, and spent his free time standing in front of the Beijing Film Studio, eager to be chosen as temporary actors. This was the hardest time for the boy. His opportunity finally came one day after he went for a role in the movie \"Blind Shaft\" . He was chosen to play a young coal miner. The movie won him three prizes in Thailand, France and Taiwan. But his success didn`t make any difference to his life. That year, he went home for the Spring Festival. He gave his family his earnings from the movie, around $ 250 and then returned to Beijing with 500 yuan, the same amount he had when he first came to the city. His life was as simple as before. Thanks to his natural performance in \"Blind Shaft\", he was invited by the famous director Feng Xiaogang to act in the film \"A World Without Thieves\" in 2004, which made him famous immediately. People called him \"Shagen\", the name of his character in the movie. Wang's work, \"Soldiers Sortie\" has made him the most popular actor on the Chinese mainland. For the actor, it's a dream coming true. \"Dreams come true. I think my life is exactly a course of pursuing dreams. No matter how tough one thing is,I can make it as long as I put great effort into it. \"he said. \n Answer: To make money in support of his family",
            "output": [
                "Why does Wang Baoqiang leave for Shaolin Temple at his early age?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-33c3e57ffdf24714afb794a6ebbdda57",
            "input": "Article: We knew Sylvia and Jack had problems with their flats, but we hadn't been told the details. Not until they came for a weekend in October, that is. At dinner on the Friday evening Kitty said, \"You wrote that the flat wasn't quite what you expected. Of course it could be too small. You're sharing with another couple, aren't you?\" \"Were sharing. Mother.\" Sylvia replied. \"It really wasn't necessary.\" Jack explained proudly, \"I've had a big rise, and we can easily manage. It's much better to be independent.\" \"Oh, much,\" I agreed \"What was the trouble?\" Kitty asked, impatient and unwilling to let her go. \"Nothing much.\" Sylvia said, \"The flat is fine. It was the other couple. Sally and Tom Ford. You've never seen such an untidy pair. We shared the sitting room and the kitchen and the bathroom and got fed up with the mess of it all.\" \"And what made it worse,\" Jack put in. \"was that they accused us of the same sort of thing. Tom and I nearly came to blows when he locked up some of their wedding presents we were all using, as they used ours, naturally.\" \"You take a chance when you make a sharing arrangement.\" Kitty said. \"I am in my own flat.\" Sylvia said, \"Sally and Tom left a month ago.\" \"We could have left instead,\" Jack said, \"But why we should leave? After all, the flat was in out names, not theirs. We were glad to see the back of them.\" Two weeks later Kitty and I retuned their visit for lunch on Sunday. It was the first time we had been to their flat. To say that we were shocked is not true, because we know our daughter extremely well. The flat had fairly recently been in quite good condition; it was now a chaos. I did not know how anyone could possibly live there. But Sylvia noticed nothing. \n Answer: Jack's mother in law",
            "output": [
                "Who was Kitty?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3a7b933932954676abb095bf5bd1b4a7",
            "input": "Article: You may have heard the popular saying, \"there are always more fish in the sea\". But as many new studies show, fish populations are changing, and not necessarily for the better. Consider the case of big, predatory   fish. These giants, like sharks and cod  , eat other smaller fish. Big fish are an important part of the marine ecosystem   because they keep down the numbers of smaller fish. Without fish that eat other fish, populations of smaller swimmers would increase, eating more plants, and leaving less vegetation for other creatures, including future fish. As fierce as predators can be, they're no match for fishing technology. Many people love to catch predatory fish like sharks, cod and tuna, and new studies suggest that over-fishing is threatening these creatures near the top of the marine food chain. In one study, Villy Christensen and his colleagues looked at 200 past studies of marine life to learn how fish populations have changed over time. Christensen reported that between 1910 and 1970, the numbers of big predators decreased slowly, and that in 1970 their populations really started to drop. Around that time, fishing ships began using new tools that led to more fish being caught. The numbers have been falling quickly ever since. Reg Watson looked at the problem from the perspective of the fishermen. In the middle of the 20thcentury, Watson reported, fishing boats didn't go far from home, and most fish were caught near the shore. That was no longer true by the 1980s. By then, fishing had moved farther from shore, into the open oceans, and was helped by the development of new technologies. But since the 1990s, something has changed. Despite new technologies and more efforts, fishing operations have not continued to develop. Scientists study historical data to understand the present, and this research is needed to forecast the future of fish and fishing. And the forecast doesn't look good: large predator fish are becoming harder to find, and soon may disappear. \n Answer: Fishing ships began using new tools with which they could catch more fish.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the number of big predators begin to fall quickly in 1970?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ed919819711848f7a6453bdef7de1244",
            "input": "Article: A butcher watching over his shop was really surprised when he saw a dog coming inside the shop. He went over to the dog and noticed it had a note in its mouth. He took the note and it read \"Can I have 12 sausages and a leg of lamb, please. The dog has money in his mouth, as well.\" The butcher looked carefully and was surprised to find that there was really a ten-dollar note there. So he took the money and put the sausages and lamb in a bag, placing it in the dog's mouth. The butcher was so impressed, and since it was about closing time, he decided to shut up shop and follow the dog. So off he went. He followed the dog to a bus stop. The dog stopped and started looking at the timetable. The dog checked out the time, and then sat on one of the seats provided. Along came a bus. The dog walked around to the front, looked at the number, and went back to its seat. Another bus came. Again the dog went around to the front, looked at the number and climbed on. The butcher, by now, open-mouthed, followed it onto the bus. The bus traveled through the town and out into the suburbs. Eventually the dog got up, and moved to the front of the bus. It stood on two back paws and pushed the button to stop the bus. Then it got off with groceries still in its mouth. Well, the dog and the butcher were walking along the road, and then the dog turned into a house. It walked up the path, and dropped the groceries on the step. Then it walked back down the path, took a big run, and threw itself against the door. Then again, it threw himself against it. There's no answer at the house. so the dog waited at the door. The butcher watched as a big guy opened the door, and started shouting at it. The butcher ran up, and stopped the guy. \"Why do you shout at the dog? It is really a genius.\" The guy responded, \"You call this clever? This is the second time this week that this stupid dog's forgotten its key.\" \n Answer: A clever dog.",
            "output": [
                "Which may be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f77195b7e9c43f69c210096f41efd7d",
            "input": "Article: When my daughter realized that she had really hurt another child with a mean word, she cried and immediately wanted to apologize. That was a good thing, but I wanted her to know an apology can't always make things better. So I told her the story of Will, a 9-year-old boy whose father left his mom two years earlier. Will was angry, and he often hurt others with hurtful words. He once told his mom, \"I see why Dad left you!\" Unable to deal with Will, the mother sent him to spend the summer with his grandparents. His grandmother's strategy to help Will learn self-control was to make him go into the garage and pound a two-inch-long nail   into a four-by-four board every time he said a mean thing. For a small boy, this was a hard task, but he couldn't return until the nail was all the way in. After about ten trips to the garage, Will began to be more cautious about his words. In the end, he even apologized for all the bad things he'd said. One day his grandmother made him bring in the board filled with nails and told him to pull them all out. This was even harder than pounding them in, but after a huge struggle, he did it. His grandmother hugged him and said, \"I appreciate your apology and, of course, I forgive you because I love you, but I want you to know that an apology is like pulling out one of those nails. Look at the board. The holes are still there. The board will never be the same. I know your dad put a hole in you, but please don't put holes in other people; you're better than that.\" The truth is that no matter how much we apologize to people, we can't take back what we said. The best thing for us to do is to try not to hurt people in the first place. \n Answer: Because she didn't know how to stop Will from hurting others.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Will's mother send him to his grandparents'?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f903bd94d9c94a6f8531bf694b3932a1",
            "input": "Article: Researchers have found more evidence that suggests a relationship between race and rates of lung cancer among smokers. A new study shows that black people and Native Hawaiians are more likely to develop lung cancer from smoking. It compared their risk to whites, Japanese, Americans and Latinos. The study, however, found almost no racial or ethnic differences among the heaviest smokers. These were people who smoked more than thirty cigarettes each day. Other comparisons have shown that blacks are more likely than whites to get lung cancer from smoking. But the scientists say few studies have compared the risks among Native Hawaiians, Asians and Latinos. Researchers at the University of Southern California and the University of Hawaii did the new study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the findings. The eight-year study involved more than 180,000 people. They provided details about their tobacco use and their diet as well as other information. They included current and former smokers and people who never smoked. Almost 2,000 people in the study developed lung cancer. Researchers say genetics might help explain the racial and ethnic differences. There could be differences in how people's bodies react to smoke. But environmental influences, including the way people smoke, could also make a difference. African-Americans and Latinos in the study reported smoking the fewest cigarettes per day. Whites were the heaviest smokers. But the scientists note that blacks have been reported to breathe cigarette smoke more deeply than white smokers. This could fill their lungs with more of the chemicals in tobacco that cause cancer. Many researchers disagree not only about the effect of race on the risk of disease, but even about the meaning of race. Yet scientists know that some diseases affect different groups differently. And some drug companies have begun to develop racially targeted medicines. Last June, the United State Food and Drug Administration approved a drug designed to treat heart failure in black patients. The name is BiDil. The agency called it \"a step toward the promise of personalized medicine\". \n Answer: African-Americans---Latinos",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following orders is right from higher to lower risk of having lung cancer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8754d8bb02434d4b9aa50f3ed2761157",
            "input": "Article: The so-called post-90s generation have become even much \"cooler\" than the 1980s group, for they can speak \"Martian language\", a difficult code-like language created by themselves. And they probably think it very original and smart. The idea of this language is to prevent the authorities- parents and teachers- from understanding what is said. Ms. Li, mother of a 15-year-old girl, logged  onto her daughter's online space and found lines of codes, mixed English, Japanese and half-finished Chinese characters, which looked completely meaningless to her. Her daughter told her that it was \"Martian language\" and her  _ all used it. The new language is becoming very popular in online spaces- so much so that even some translating software has been created to translate the normal language into \"Martian language\". A 14-year-old netizen, nicknamed \"S. _ Tangguo\", explained that the language could be created by anyone. \"At first, I just copied the language form other people's articles. Later , I began to create some words by myself. I split  some Chinese characters, or use words that have similar pronunciations to interchange with each other, or even add some English, Japanese or Korean words into my article, and that makes the new language. My classmates all chat in 'Martian language'. It's in style and can help us hide our secrets from our parents or teachers.\" Unlike the worried parents, some experts have found positive aspects in the spread of this unusual online language. Wang Haiyong, a psychologist ,said that there's no need to be too worried about the phenomenon. This so-called \"Martian language\" is just a little hobby of the post-90s generation. On the other hand, the new language can inspire children's imaginations, which is a good thing. However, Wang also advised teachers and parents to give proper guidance to their children, helping them better distinguish between online language and the normative  language of real life. \n Answer: Because they can hide their secrets from the authorities.",
            "output": [
                "Why do the post-90s generation create \"Martian language\" according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a1108436d0c64e63a53dd0c4816f99dd",
            "input": "Article: Russian dances: The famous \"Little White Birth\" Dance Troupe will travel from prefix = st1 /Russiato present performances inBeijing. The troupe, founded in 1948, is famous for their combination of Russian folk dances and classical dancing art. It has been invited by the Beijing Foreign Culture Exchange Co to give four performances in Beijing. Tickets are available through ticket hotlines and website such as www. paio. com. cn, www. chinaticket, com and www. ticket, elong. com. Time: 7: 30 pm, January 18 - 21 Place: Beizhan Theatre, 135, Xiwai Dajie, Xicbeng District Tel: 6606-4258 EXHIBITIONS Kite show: All together 81 kites collected by the ChinaNational Art Museum is on show in theYanhuangArt Museum. Kong Xiangze, an expert on Chinese kites, published a book on kites, explaining the origins of the Kite-making process. The exhibited kites arc made in a traditional Chinese style. Time: 9 am-5 pm until February 11 Place: 9 Huizhong Lu Tel: 6491-2902 CONCERTS Folk music: A concert of classics of Chinese folk music will greet audiences on the first day of the Year of Snake at the Beijing Concert Hall. The China Song and Dance Ensemble will perform dozens of traditional instrumental pieces, such as \"Full of Joy\", \"Colourful Cloud Chasing the Moon.\" and \"Spring Festival Suite.\" Time: 7: 30 pm, January 24 Place: 1, Beixinhuajie, Xicheng District Tel: 6559-8285 EVENTS Flower festival: The Beijing Botanical Garden is bringing people a blooming festival with the beautiful flowers in its tropical   plants greenhouse. The garden has introduced nearly 80 kinds of flowers abroad for the exhibition. There is also an exhibition of potted narcissus   landscapes. More than 300 mini landscapes involving imported narcissus will be displayed, people can get a preview of the show by visiting www. beijingbd, com, the garden's website. Time: 8:30 am-5 pm until January 28 Place: Wofosi Lu near the Fragant Hills Tel: 8259-5547 \n Answer: Flower festival",
            "output": [
                "Suppose you are too far away from Beijingor you can't spare time to go there in person, which of the following show can you enjoy all the same?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-00ae78ae99ee4271b116d2f3eb056308",
            "input": "Article: In many romantic movies or TV shows one scene always appears. It involves a handsome man standing outside a young woman's window, singing a love song to her to win her over. However, trying to woo a female with songs is not just something that humans do. A few animals sing love songs as well. Birds and elephants are romantic but the latest animal to  _ a female might surprise you--it is the humble mouse.     You may find it odd to find out that mice sing. We do not hear them because the frequency of their voice is so high. In fact, scientists have known for some time that male mice make special sounds to females, but it has always been assumed that the sounds are produced instinctively   and randomly, with little thought going into the process. But new research suggests otherwise. When male mice with different voices were put in a cage together, scientists found that they would gradually change their pitches   to sound like one another. But when a female mouse was put in the cage with two males, one male would change his pitch to match the other. \"It was usually the smaller animal changing the pitch to match the larger animal,\" professor Erich Jarvis, leader of the study, from Duke University, US, told BBC News. This ability, known as vocal learning, is rare in the natural world. It had been thought to be limited to some birds, such as parrots--as well as whales and dolphins. The latest findings challenge the long-held opinion that mice cannot learn to adapt their voices.     Scientists also found the part of the brain that controls the mice's singing ability. In the experiment, they damaged the cells in this part of the mice's brain and found that the animals couldn't keep their songs in pitch or repeat them any more. This also happened when the mice became deaf. Jarvis said that this finding had changed his understanding of the way mice make sound. \"In mice we find that the pathways that are at least modulating   these vocalizations   are in the forebrain, in places where you actually find them in humans,\" he said. \"If we're not wrong, these findings will be a big boost to scientists studying diseases like autism and anxiety disorders.\" \n Answer: When male mice make special sounds to females they can't control the sounds.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is proven wrong by the latest discovery?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57e2494d677d4a1db3c99c463cda3b1e",
            "input": "Article: Arts and culture is lived and breathed in every corner of Canada.Due to a racial and immigrant population,the variety and richness of art and sports is very evident. Since World War II,Canada has produced an impressive amount of writing.From novels to poetry,the selection is wide.Native writers are also becoming better known across Canada in recent years. Musicians are reaching a higher level of recognition in the world music scene.Everything from country to pop,classical to heavy rock can be found across Canada and across the globe performed by Canadian artists. The National Film Board,a film crew in Canada,is the primary producer of movies in Canada.However,many Hollywood studios are turning to Canada as a source for locations and as an alternative to the more expensive US.Many wellknown actors,directors,screen writers and movies come from Canada and often scoop awards for their work. French art was the first to appear in Canada along the St Lawrence in and around Quebec.Since then the volume of art and artists has increased.Canadian photography as well as painting by Canadians is not wellknown outside of Canada but recognition is increasing. Sport is a major part of today's society in Canada.Hockey is the most popular spectator sport with more participants taking part in curling.American style football and baseball are also very popular and all of these sports are played across Canada. \n Answer: Canadian Arts,Culture and Sports",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-250457f9cf994b6992be7e75d11e4cbc",
            "input": "Article: We can slow down aging. That is the message Dr. Shen Ziyin wants to give the world. And the Chinese doctor claims that he has found an answer to the problems of aging. His solution is a herbal medicine to slow the process of aging. Dr. Shen Ziyin has been trained in Western medicine. At the same time he studied traditional Chinese medicine. And, he has been working for the past forty years to put together the best of both and find a cure for aging. He has taken a hint from the ancient Chinese medicine system called \"Shen\". According to Shen, it is the kidney which adjusts the functioning of the body as well as its aging process. It is responsible for the level of activity that the human bodies go through. Studies conducted by Dr. Shen show that herbal medicine based on the Shen system slows the aging process, says a report in the Telegraph newspaper. We notice that when people grow old, they have reduced strength, loss of hair, backache, weakness, wrinkles and so on. This happens because when people grow old, their bodies produce T-cells. These T-cells contain a particular substance called Fas. Fas makes the cells in the body destruct themselves. So the only way to slow down aging is to slow the production of T-cells in the body. This can happen if people eat low calorie food. Then the body is not active enough to produce extra T-cells. But, is going hungry all the time a good price to pay for staying young? This is where Dr. Shen's herbal medicine comes in. But how effective it will be, only time can tell. \n Answer: By doing research on both Western and Chinese people.",
            "output": [
                "How did Dr. Shen find the solution to the problem of aging?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0baa7c3f781247e3b7c3ac68aaf87e58",
            "input": "Article: \"Look! Here come UFOs!\" At around 8 p.m. July 26,2010, a citizen called Lu Shan spotted this special phenomenon in Leshan, Sichuan: three unidentified  and bright objects appeared in the sky above \"Jade International\" building, and then disappeared all  together after 10 more minutes. The phenomenon caught a lot of attention of some experts and Leshan citizens. On August 3, Professor Wang Sichao from the Purple Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences said, the objects still need to be identified. Luckily, Lu Shan took some photos of it. He described, the objects first lit up the sky in the west, but lasted for about 10 minutes. Then they moved slowly at a speed of I meter per minute to the north, and became smaller and smaller until they disappeared. \"It was like a sunset before they faded, and their light also became so gentle as the sunset.\" Some citizens doubted they were UFOs, but Lu Shan thought it was possibly caused by the refraction  of the sunlight. However, Lu found no scientific proof to support this special phenomenon after comparing with his photos. According to Professor Wang Sichao, it could be the \"sun dog \" which is an atmospheric phenomenon that creates bright spots of light in the sky, often in a bright ring or  _ on either side of the sun. But he also added the sky above Leshan city that night did not satisfy the conditions to have \"sun dog\". \"Sun dog\" usually happens in cold areas, such as the north and south poles of the earth. \"So this phenomenon was strange,\" said Wang Sichao. Wang also stated he's only able to confirm the identity of the objects after collecting and analyzing more information and photos snapped  from different locations and then decide on a more scientific explanation. \n Answer: Lu Shan found three sun dogs in Leshan.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8cd4a0a2823e4b5fa1dec4f877aa278f",
            "input": "Article: A class with tens or even hundreds of thousands of students might sound like a teacher's bad dream. But a big idea in higher education these days is the massive open online course, or MOOC. Some universities offer free, non-credit MOOCs available to anyone in the world. Others charge for courses and provide credits. The idea is still developing. So far, most massive open online courses are in computer science, technology, mechanics and engineering. For example, students around the world are taking a free course called \"Building a Computer Search Engine.\" Two computer scientists, Sebastian Thrun and David Evans, are offering this course throughudacity.com. There are no education requirements for the course. The students watch short videos. Then, says Mr. Evans, they take informal quizzes after the videos each week for six weeks. DAVID EVANS: \"Quizzes are part of the lecture to keep students engaged and keep them thinking, for students to be able to check that they understood what we covered. Those are not graded and students try those as often as they wish. They can repeatedly watch the videos and take the quizzes whenever they want.\" Students receive homework. They join online groups to exchange questions and answers about the course. The teachers hold office hours to answer questions that the students have voted to send them. They also present their own questions and observations to the students in order to help them make a deeper impression of the course. The students take a final examination to show where they rate in the class Everyone who finishes the course receives a grade and proof of completion. Top students get letters documenting their work. Mr. Thrun started Udacity, which supports free MOOCs.Udacityhopes to make a profit in the future by connecting possible employers with interested students. On his Stanford homepage he says he wants to \" _ \" education. \"Education\", he says, should be free, accessible for all, anywhere and any time \n Answer: Not all of them are free.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about MOOCs from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9bb6f3352e8461997d5e3da5b0a9a73",
            "input": "Article: Ellen and Bill County are both teachers. They met in college and became good friends because of their shared love for children. Two years after the couple got married, Ellen saw a huge change in the life of one of her students, a 9 - year - old girl. Three years earlier both of the little girl's parents had died and there was no one to take care of her. She was taken away to live in a government office. But finally she was taken in and adopted by a family and became their daughter. Ellen said that she noticed the difference in the child's life after she was placed in a permanent home and thought that maybe she and her husband could help a child in a similar way. They decided to become temporary parents and to take a child into their home just on the weekends when the real parents could not take care of him or her. The pair planned to have their own children in a few years, but decided that this would be a way to give to the community in the meantime. The couple quickly grew to love one of the children they looked after. When he became legally available, Billy became the first child they took in permanently. Six months after adopting Billy, Ellen was told by her doctor that she was unable to have children naturally. Ellen says she knew then that adoption was the way she was meant to have a family. Since adopting Billy, now 17, Ellen and Bill have adopted five more children -- Rose, 16; Albert, 11; Joshua, 5 and in June 2003, they added biological brother and sister Tyler and Rylee to the County family. The County family has been recognized for their work on adoption, and has received many awards for their efforts.  Last June,  the family was even interviewed on  the television show, \"Adoption Stories\". Ellen says she would like to encourage other families to adopt children. She adds that the best part of being a mother of six is: \"Giving Josh a bath, putting a band-aid on a cut knee or just the everyday Mom things, that makes motherhood such an honor and a privilege.\" \n Answer: How adoption created a happy family.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-073664866537454783a367bef1254285",
            "input": "Article: Put your car keys away and forget about your travel pass --- it's time to do a bit of walking. National Walking Month is organized every May by Living Streets, an organization that campaigns for the rights and the needs of pedestrians, so the organization is previously known as the Pedestrians' Association. The association's aim is to make streets safe, attractive and enjoyable spaces for people to live, work, shop and play. By putting people (rather than vehicles) first, Living Streets wants to create streets and spaces where people feel happier, healthier and more sociable. The annual campaign gives participants a great opportunity to experience the many virtues of walking. These include the physical health benefits of becoming fitter; the environmental advantages of not using vehicles; the delight of local discoveries --- seeing more of your local areas on foot; the enjoyment of walking with other people, whether family, friends or work colleagues and finally the stress relief that comes from walking --- walking can clear your head. Walk to School Week, 18 to 22 May, is part of the month's activities and its aim is to encourage parents to send children to school on foot, rather than take them in the car or let them use public transport. The movement was started in 1995 with only five participating schools and now two decades later, more than one million children take part. Similarly, there is Walk to Work Week, 11 to 15 May, where grown-ups are encouraged to walk. In the morning, getting off the bus a stop early or parking a few streets away is a good way to add more steps to the daily total. And during the working day, after having lunch at the desks or in the canteen, take a walk and get some fresh air. Walk home with your workmates and chat away about everything under the sun but work! \n Answer: To make people aware of environmental pollution.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of Living Streets?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-10ece95f37524c3da620f5f34a37da3d",
            "input": "Article: Once when I was a teenager, my father and I were standing in line to buy tickets for the circus. Finally, there was only one family between the ticket office and us. This family made a big impression on me. There were eight children, all probably under the age of 12. You could tell they didn't have a lot of money. _ The children talked excitedly about the clowns. It was clearly a very important day out for them. The father and mother seemed happy as they could be. The tickets lady asked how many tickets the father wanted, he proudly answered, \"Please let me buy eight children's tickets and two adults' tickets, so I can take my family to the circus.\" The ticket lady told him the price. The man's wife lowered her head. There was no longer a smile on the man's face. He quietly asked, \"How much did you say?\" The ticket lady again told him the price. The man obviously didn't have enough money. But how could he tell his kids the bad news? Seeing what was happening, my dad took a $20 note from his pocket and dropped in on the ground. (We were not rich ourselves at all!) He then tapped the man on the shoulder and said, \"Excuse me, sir, you dropped this.\" The man understood my father was helping him. He picked up the money, looked straight into my dad's eyes, and in tears replied. \"Thank you. This really means a lot to me and my family.\" Although we did not go to the circus that night, we didn't go without. \n Answer: The tickets were too expensive.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the poor man unhappy after he spoke with the ticket lady?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-383f02e4c4b14563a585acc6735fe116",
            "input": "Article: There was once a guy who suffered from cancer, a cancer that can't be cured. One day he was sick of staying home and wanted to go out. He passed a CD store and looked through the front door for a second. He saw a beautiful girl about his age and he knew it was love at first sight. He opened the door and walked in, not looking at anything else but her. He walked closer and closer until he was finally at the front desk where she sat. She looked up and asked, \"Can I help you?\" She smiled and he thought it was the most beautiful smile he had ever seen before. He said, \"UH...Yeah...Umm... I would like to buy a CD.\" He picked one out and gave her money for it. \"Would you like me to pack it for you?\" she asked, smiling her cute smile again. He nodded and she went to the back. She came back with the packed CD and gave it to him. From then on, he went to that store every day and bought a CD. He took the CD home and put it in his closet. He was still too shy to ask her out. His mother found out about this and encouraged him. So the next day, he took all his courage and left his phone number on the desk before he ran out. Several weeks later the phone rang, and the mother picked it up. It was the girl!!! The mother started to cry and said, \"You don't know? He passed away yesterday...\" Later that day, the mother went into the boy's room and opened the closet. Inside were piles and piles of unopened CDs. She picked one up and opened it. Out fell a piece of paper, saying: \"Do you want to go out with me? Love, Jocelyn.\" The mother was deeply moved and opened another CD... Again, there was a piece of paper with the same words. \n Answer: Because she wanted to leave a note for the boy.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the girl offer to pick the CD for the boy every time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a3a967e8048745d68e34744daa7db877",
            "input": "Article: Goldie's Secret She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way, not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. \"We're moving house.\"; \"No space for her any more with the baby coming.\" \"We never really wanted her, but what could we have done? She was a present.\" People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen. I called her Goldie. If I had known what was going to happen I would have given her a more creative name. She was so unsettled during those first few days. She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her. There was nothing I could do to make her happy, it seemed. Heaven knows what had happened to her at her previous owner's. But eventually at the end of the first week she calmed down. Always by my side, whether we were out on one of our long walks or sitting by the fire. That's why it was such a shock when she pulled away from me one day when we were out for a walk. We were a long way from home, when she started barking and getting very restless. Eventually I couldn't hold her any longer and she raced off down the road towards a farmhouse in the distance as fast as she could. By the time I reached the farm I was very tired and upset with Goldie. But when I saw her licking   the four puppies   I started to feel sympathy towards them. \"We didn't know what had happened to her,\" said the woman at the door. \"I took her for a walk one day, soon after the puppies were born, and she just disappeared.\" \"She must have tried to come back to them and got lost,\" added a boy from behind her. I must admit I do miss Goldie, but I've got Nugget now, and she looks just like her mother. And I've learnt a good lesson: not to judge people. \n Answer: Sympathetic.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d67bd2786cef4e52aec69ae666adf392",
            "input": "Article: Lady Bird Johnson was born Claudia Alta Taylor in nineteen twelve. The Taylor family lived in the small town of Karnack, Texas. Claudia's father, Thomas Jefferson Taylor, owned two stores as well as thousands of hectares  for cotton production. Her mother, Minnie Taylor, died when Claudia was only five years old. A woman who worked for the Taylor family gave Claudia her nickname. Alice Tittle said the small child was \"as purty as a lady bird.\" As first lady, Missus Johnson became an energetic activist for educational and environmental issues. She helped support Head Start, a public program aimed at giving educational and health services to young children from poor families. She started the Society for a More Beautiful National Capitol. Its aim was to improve the beauty of Washington by planting trees and flowers in public areas and parks. Missus Johnson understood that these improvements were also linked to important issues such as pollution, public transportation, mental health, and crime rates. Lyndon Johnson and Lady Bird Johnson had a difficult four-year term. The president faced strong opposition about the United States involvement in the war in Vietnam. In nineteen sixty-eight, President Johnson surprised the nation by announcing that he would not seek reelection as president. The Johnsons left politics and returned home to Texas. Mister Johnson died of a heart attack in nineteen seventy-three. Lady Bird Johnson continued her tireless work to improve the country's natural environment. She created the National Wildflower Research Center in nineteen eighty-two. The center helps to educate people about the environmental importance and value of native plants. Missus Johnson died in two thousand seven at the age of ninety-four. Her memory lives in the many fields of wildflowers that color the roads of America. \n Answer: Her mother died",
            "output": [
                "What happened to Claudia in 1917?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3faf6b82a87444ef80c53da0a00f350d",
            "input": "Article: China Merchants Bank Co Ltd has teamed up with ride-hailing major Didi Kuaidi to provide automobile financing and expand its reach in China's booming mobile payment industry. The two have inked a comprehensive partnership, which includes a strategic investment by the former in the latter. Under the partnership, CMB will become the first bricks-and-mortar bank that can offer in-app credit card payments to Didi users. At present, users of Didi can only choose third-party payment solutions like WeChat Payment and Alipay to pay cab fares. Zhao Ju, vice-president of CMB, said the cooperation with Didi was an important step in its mobile Internet finance strategy. \"CMB's mobile payment is going to enter a new chapter by leveraging Didi Kuaidi's vast user base,\" he said. According to a report by China Internet Network Information Center earlier this month, Didi holds 87.2 percent of China's private car hailing market. The company said it has received 1.43 billion car-hailing requests on its platforms in 2015, which means 1.43 billion payments were made via smartphones. CMB is expected to use Didi to reach the core users of China's mobile payment market. Jean Liu, president of Didi, said many of the expats prefer payment by credit card rather than Alipay or WeChat. \"The new partnership will help improve service quality and customer loyalty,\" she said. The investment makes CMB part of Didi's existing investors, including Tencent Holdings Ltd, Alibaba Group Holding Ltd and China Investment Corporation. Both of the companies declined to reveal the actual amount of the investment. Liu, who showed up on Tuesday for the first time in public after her treatment for breast cancer, said the cooperation with CMB is for the long run and \"the capital investment is only part of it\". Under the partnership, CMB and Didi will cooperate on a wide range of initiatives on financial services and online-to-offline cooperation. Apart from the in-app credit card payments, the two companies are going to launch joint credit cards in late February and automobile financing services for Didi's car owners. CMB's branches across China are expected to help Didi recruit more drivers. \"There is a lot of room for imagination in our partnership,\" Li said, adding in future people may use their CMB credit card reward points to pay for the ride on Didi. Li Chao, an analyst with iResearch Consulting Group, said the partnership may not significantly boost CMB's mobile payment business. \"Didi has educated the market for three years and its customers have formed the habit of paying by WeChat or Alipay. So I think CMB can only turn a very smart proportion of Didi users into its payment customer,\" he said. \"But the move shows that China's traditional banking industry is finally thinking out of the box and looking for outside partners in Internet finance competition,\" he said. Statistics from Big-Data Research showed that more than 90 percent of China's 9.3 trillion yuan ($1.41 trillion) worth of third party mobile payment market is donated by Alibaba and Tencent. \n Answer: At present, Didi holds the largest market of China's private car hailing business.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following sentences is true about Didi Kuaidi ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df967e430f5e432e952109b43a65585e",
            "input": "Article: Although there is no possibility of living completely free of stress , it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it can't be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for the ways to deal with stress. Try physical activity When you are nervous, angry or upset, try reducing the pressure through exercise of physical activity. Running, walking, playing tennis or working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try. Physical exercise will relieve your anxiety and worry and help you to relax. Your body and your mind will work together to ease the stress in your life. Share your stress It helps to talk to someone about your anxiety and worries. Perhaps a friend, family member, teacher or even your leader can help you a better view of what is troubling you. If you feel your problem is serious, you might seek professional help from psychologist or a doctor. Knowing when to ask for help is an important step in avoiding serious problem later Take care of yourself You should make every effort to eat well and get enough rest. If you easily get angry and cannot sleep well enough, or if you are not eating properly, it will be more likely that you will fall into stressful situations. If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you should consult a doctor Make time for yourself Schedule time for both work and entertainment. Don't forget, play can be just as important to your over-all well-being as work. You need a break from your daily routine to just relax and have fun. Go window-shopping or work on a hobby. Allow yourself at least a half hour each day to do something you enjoy. Make a list of things you need to do Stress can result from disorganization and a feeling that \"there is so much to do, and not enough time.\" Trying to take care of everything at once can be too much for you and as a result, you may not achieve anything. Instead, make a list of everything you have to do, then do one thing at a time, checking off each task as it is completed. Set out to do the more important tasks first. Go ahead and cry A good cry can a healthy way to bring relief to your anxiety. It might even help you avoid a headache or other physical effect of anxiety and stress \n Answer: To help solve the universal problem of stress",
            "output": [
                "What is most probably the writer's purpose in writing the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c2bb9e032fb475a98a07e2ab5198c75",
            "input": "Article: People may use the expression\"birdbrain\"in English to talk about someone who is stupid,but crows prove that this is unfair.Now it has been discovered that crows may understand analogies  . It was once thought that only humans could understand analogies,which help us to solve problems creatively,put things into categories,and make scientific discoveries. To test this ability in animals,scientists do\"relational matching-to-sample\"(RMTS) tests,according to the IFL Science website.If a pair was AA,for example,then picking BB to match it would be correct.If the pair was CD,however,then EF would be correct. Apes and monkeys have learned RMTS,but scientists wanted to know if crows could do it,too.An international team led by Edward Wasserman from the University of Iowa in the US first trained two hooded crows to match things by color1,shape,and number in what is called\"identity matching-to-sample(IMTS)\",then moved onto RMTS. For the IMTS test,the birds were put in a cage with a plastic tray that had three cards and two cups in it.The card in the middle was the sample card.The cups on either side were covered with the other two cards:One was the same as the sample (in the color1,shape,or number of shapes pictured),while the other wasn't.The cup with the card that matched the sample card contained two wormsto eat. In the second part of the experiment,the birds were tested with relational matching pairs.A card with two same-sized circles,for example,meant they should pick the test card with two same-sized squares and not two different-sized circles.The birds did well in the more difficult test and picked the correct card more than three quarters of the time,Science News reports. Wasserman was surprised that crows were able to solve the problem without any training in RMTS.\"What the crows have done is extraordinary,\"he said in a news release.\"Honestly,if it was only by force that the crows showed this learning,then it would have been an impressive result.But this was  spontaneous.\" So perhaps it's time to stop saying\"birdbrain\"permanently! \n Answer: In the IMTS test,the birds needed to identify the sample card to get rewards.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about the tests on the hooded crows?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a7923a2edaa545c48eaf8e079b1fac64",
            "input": "Article: Teenagers in England do much the same as children in America do. They enjoy sending messages by their mobile phones and they also like swimming, listening to the latest music, watching TV and surfing the Internet. How do teenagers in England spend their free time and holidays? Let's follow Sally, a British teenager, and spend five days with her during her school holiday. Day One After breakfast, Sally's mother went out and left her alone at home. She checked her mobile phone during lunch --one of her friends sent her a message early in the morning. Dinner was at 6:30 p.m. After that, she finished her English home-work. Then she surfed the Internet. Day Two Sally and her mother paid a visit to their friends and went swimming together. Later, they went shopping for clothes and books, and had dinner in a restaurant. Day Three She went to the supermarket with her mother to buy fish and chips for lunch as well as some pens. After she got back home, she spent the next few hours surfing the Internet and watching TV. Day Four She surfed the Internet. Her mother took her out for lunch before she went to work. She then read stories after lunch. Day Five She woke up at 2 p.m., and so did her mother. They went to a park. Her mother met some friends there. When they got home, it was already time for dinner. Afterwards, she did her homework until 10 p.m. \n Answer: In the evening.",
            "output": [
                "When did Sally do her homework?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bd58c15f4e4845859576f112be693999",
            "input": "Article: French writer Le Clezio won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Literature, the Swedish Academy announced Thursday.  The Academy  _ Le Clezio as \"author of new departures and poetic adventure, explorer of humanity beyond civilization.\" Le Clezio, 48, received much attention with his first novel The Interrogationin 1963 and made the breakthrough as a novelist withDesertin 1980, for which he was rewarded a prize from the French Academy. This novel Desertcontains magnificent images of a lost culture in the North African desert, contrast with a description of Europe seen through the eyes of unwanted immigrants, the Swedish Academy said in the statement. The emphasis in Le Clezio's work has increasingly moved in the direction of an exploration of the world of childhood and of his own family history, the academy added. Le Clezio was born 1940 in Nice of France, but both parents had strong family connections with the former French colony Mauritius.At the age of eight, he moved to Nigeria with his family. During the month-long voyage to Nigeria, he began his literary career with two books Un long voyageandOradi noir. He has taught at universities in Bangkok, Mexico City, Boston, Austin and Albuquerque among other places. Since the 1990s, Le Clezio and his wife share their time between Albuquerque in New Mexico, the island of Mauritius and Nice.  This was the fourth of the prestigious  Nobel Prizes handed out this year, with awards in chemistry, physics and medicine made in the past three days.  The Nobel Prizes have been awarded annually since 1901 to those who \"conferred the greatest benefit on mankind during the preceding year.\"  The annual Nobel Prizes are usually announced in October and are handed out on Dec. 10, the anniversary of the 1896 death of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish industrialist and the inventor of dynamite .  Each prize consists of a medal, a personal diploma and a cash award of 10 million Swedish kronor (1.4 million U.S. dollars). \n Answer: Desert",
            "output": [
                "Which of Le Clezio's works won him the 2008 Nobel Prize in Literature?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9c67a30466544b128b2bafcb960a0c3f",
            "input": "Article: Prince William and the Duchess of Cambridge's new son will be named George Alexander Louis, the royal family says. A statement from William and Catherine's settlement  Kensington Palace said the baby, third in line to the throne , would be known as His Royal Highness Prince George of Cambridge. On Wednesday the royal couple took their son to Catherine's parents' house in Berkshire, following a half-hour visit by the Queen. All three names had been among the favourites listed by British bookmakers and the announcement was relatively quick by royal standards. It took a month for the name ofPrince Charles, the heir to the throne, to be announced, and a week for William, his eldest son. George has been the name of six British kings. The last, George VI, was the father of Queen Elizabeth II and _ from 1936 to 1952. Alexandra, the female form of Alexander, is one of the Queen's middle names and was also the name of the Queen mate of King Edward VII at the start of the last century. Louis is one of William's middle names and was the given name of Prince Charles's tutor and great-uncle Louis Mountbatten, who was murdered by the IRA in 1979. The choice of name, relatively short by royal standards, does not necessarily mean the baby will eventually become King George VII. The Queen's father was named Albert, but chose to be crowned as George VI. \"It's interesting that they chose to go with just three names,\" historian Suzannah Lipscomb told Sky News. \"It's almost as if the royal family is coming down with ordinary people, who tend to have fewer middle names than monarchs .It is a name that none can find any problems with. George itself can't be shortened in any obvious offensive way. They've probably gone for something that is safe.\" \n Answer: New royal baby named George Alexander Louis",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements can best sum up the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-abdc1e8c530f426fb4672cfc96a2b15a",
            "input": "Article: Beijing ?(13, July) China sent up a new data relays atellite  , Tianlian I -02, on Monday at the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in South-western Sichuan province.The new satellite will promote the country's satellite communication network for space docking  . The satellite was launched on a Long-March-SC carrier rocket at 11:41 p.m., sources at the centre told Xinhua News Agency.The satellite separated from the rocket 26 minutes after its launch and was then successfully delivered into a geostationary transfer orbit  . Developed by the China Academy of Space Technology under the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, the satellite is the country's second data relay satellite.The first, Tianlian I -01, was launched on April 25.2008. The two satellites will form a network to improve communications between China's spacecraft and bases on Earth, according to the centre.They will also be used to help the nation's first space docking, scheduled for the second half of this year. As planned, China will launch space module Tiangong-I (1), which was designed as a platform that will dock with an unmanned spaceship, Shenzhou, for the county's first space-docking mission this year. Two more Shenzhou spaceships will dock with Tiangong-I next year, and one will be manned by two or three astronauts, according to China Manned Space Engineering Office, which was the main user of the Tianlian I series data relay satellites. \"The new satellite can cover a greater area to track and command the country's space vehicles m low-Earth orbits, such as manned spacecraft and remote sensing satellites, from a higher position m outer space.Only three satellites of this kind are needed to form a global communication network, and China has two now.\" Pang Zhihao, a researcher and deputy editor-in-chief of Space International, said. The satellite could also equip astronauts with real-time communications, which will benefit the county s future manned space flights, he said. \n Answer: To promote the country's satellite communication network for space docking'",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose to send up Tianlian I -02 ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb914b33a1084a558817782d0d7160d7",
            "input": "Article: Visitors to _ and _ , above, helped make New York City the country's favorite tourist destination last year. (Photo By Henny Ray Abrams/Associated Press)   ks*5*u Associated Press-----The number of visitors to New York City fell last year for the first time since 2001, but falls in tourism elsewhere across the United States made it the most popular destination in the country for the first time in almost two decades, tourism officials said on Monday. Mayor Michael R. Bloombergpainted the 3.9 percent drop -- an estimated   45.3 million visitors -- as a victory, saying that during the recession the city had expected losing as much as 10 percent of its tourists. The city expects to recover most of the loss this year and remains on track to hit its long-standing goal of 50 million yearly visitors by 2012, the mayor said.  \"We have made our city cleaner, safer and more exciting than ever,\" Bloomberg said at a news conference at a Brooklyn restaurant. \"I do think we'll continue to see even more tourists on our streets as the economy improves, and I think that we'll continue to develop better than other cities.\"  Though many travelers stayed home simply because money was tight, the reducing number in international visitors could result from swine flu  fears and concerns over border security measures, Bloomberg said.  Still, the Statue of Liberty, which reopened its crown to tourists, reported a jump in the number of visitors. So did other New York City attractions. And the city's entertainment and hotel industry -- which provides one-tenth of the city's private jobs -- actually grew in 2009.  \"The lodging industry  really is using discounting to motivate demand,\" he said, adding that the price drops have importantly _ \"the city's ability to keep the level of tourism that it's had.\" \n Answer: Optimistic.",
            "output": [
                "What is Michael R. Bloomberg's attitude towards New York city's tourism industry?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-25aaff123d4e433f9350c211a62de809",
            "input": "Article: Growing up in Puerto Rico, our family was no different from so many others. My parents got married after my father came back when the war ended. Both of my parents were struggling with the hard economic realities of the time. But somehow, they found time to cherish those cultural values that shaped our everyday life. In our daily life, we celebrated together with our friends or family members every birthday, every graduation, and all holidays with music and dancing, typical foods. When we visited our family in the countryside -- a trip that took about two hours in a car, with five children fighting as to who would get a window or the front seat -- we would break into song, and somehow the trip would turn into one full of happiness and fun. We would sing not only interesting children's songs but also beautiful love songs -- songs about the love of the country though we didn't understand the meaning of the words many times. I came to Philadelphia for the first time in 1973 to do a residency in family medicine. I remember the many hours of work. I was facing issues of life and death and suffering the clearly social unfairness and issues of poverty and race. These were all aggravated by my feeling of cultural differences. An important turning point in my life happened one Saturday night when I attended a concert of Puerto Rican singer and composer Antonio Caban Vale. The music showed my familiar rhythms, and the words spoke to my heart. I had found a space to express, celebrate, and share my culture in Philadelphia. Therefore, I believe diversity is seen as an advantage and not as a disadvantage. As a Puerto Rican, I am a mixture of races and I believe in my strength because of this. \n Answer: They took cultural values seriously.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the author's parents?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2dcf1bb806564612a5040f0a9213a6d0",
            "input": "Article: Dear Reader: I receive many letters from children and can't answer them all -- there wouldn't be time enough in a day.That is why I am sending you this printed reply to your letter.I'll try to answer some of the questions that are commonly asked. Where did I get the idea for Stuart Little and for Charlotte's Web? Well, many years ago I went to bed one night in a railway sleeping car, and during the night I dreamed about a tiny boy who acted rather like a mouse.That's how the story of Stuart Little got started. As for Charlotte's Web, I like animals and my barn is a very pleasant place to be, at all hours.One day when I was on my way to feed the pig, I began feeling sorry for the pig because, like most pigs, he was doomed to die.This made me sa So I started thinking of ways to save a pig's life.I had been watching a big grey spider at her work and was impressed by how clever she was at weaving.Gradually I worked the spider into the story that you know, a story of friendship and salvation  on a farm.Three years after I started writing it, it was publishe (I am not a fast worker, as you can see.) Sometimes I'm asked how old I was when I started to write, and what made me want to write.I started early - as soon as I could spell.In fact, I can't remember any time in my life when I wasn't busy writing.I don't know what caused me to do it, or why I enjoyed it, but I think children often find pleasure and satisfaction is trying to set their thoughts down on paper, either in words or in pictures.I was no good at drawing, so I used words instea As I grew older, I found that writing can be a way of earning a living. Some of my readers want me to visit their school.Some want me to send a picture, or an autograph, or a book.And some ask questions about my family and my animals and my pets.Much as I'd like to, I can't go visiting.I can't send books, either - you can find them in a bookstore or a library.Many children assume that a writer owns (or even makes) his own books.This is not true - books are made by the publisher.If a writer wants a copy, he must buy it.That's why I can't send books.And I do not send autographs - I leave that to the movie stars.I live most of the year in the country, in New Englan From our windows we can look out at the sea and the mountains.I live near my married son and three grandchildren. Are my stories true, you ask? No, they are imaginary tales, containing fantastic characters and events.In real life, a family doesn't have a child who looks like a mouse; in real life, a spider doesn't spin words in her we In real life, a swan doesn't blow a trumpet.But real life is only one kind of life - there is also the life of the imagination.And although my stories are imaginary, I like to think that there is some truth in them, too - truth about the way people and animals feel and think and act. Yours sincerely, White \n Answer: 5.",
            "output": [
                "How many animal characters in E.B.White's books have been mentioned in his letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-89771f8724f9450fb46d14b52d4bab77",
            "input": "Article: Most people know that the United States is made up of fifty states. However, few people know a lot about all fifty of them. Sufjan Stevens is a young American musician. He wants to change this situation. Sufjan Stevens plans to make an album about each of the fifty American states. During college he played in several musical groups and recorded an album of his own music. However, he wanted to be a writer, not a musician. So after college he moved to New York City to study writing. In New York. Stevens had trouble writing stories. He discovered that he missed music. He also discovered that most of the stories he did write were about his home state of Michigan. So, Sufjan Stevens decided to make an album of songs about Michigan. Greetings from Michigan: The Great Lakes State was released in 2003. The album was a big success. Many young people and music critics liked it. Before long, Stevens announced that he wanted to make an album for every state. He called it his \"fifty states project\". Stevens chose Illinois as his next state. He read many books about Illinois. He studied police documents and old newspapers. He talked to people who live in the state. The CD Illinois was released in 2005. Critics loved the album. It won many awards. Illinois became popular at colleges throughout the United States. People said the CD sounded different from anything else they had ever heard. Sufjan Stevens is keeping his next state a secret from reporters. People have said that he is writing about Oregon, Rhode Island, or Minnesota. However, no one but Stevens knows for sure. \n Answer: To go on writing stories.",
            "output": [
                "Why does Sufian Stevens plan to make an album about each of the American states?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cbd45e871998414b8b135bc096f4d772",
            "input": "Article: The Beginning of the Civil Rights Movement In 1955,bus seats for African Americans and whites were separated in parts of the U.S.. On December 1,1955,in the city of Montgomery,Alabama,a conflict,or disagreement,started when an African American woman named Rosa Parks refused to give her bus seat to a white man and go to the back of the bus. The police took 42yearold Parks to jail. The African American community was extremely angry. They had a meeting and decided to work together to protest discrimination. They agreed to boycott  the buses on the day that Parks went to court. The day was a success. Empty buses drove through the streets. The city lost money. The community decided to continue the boycott. They elected a man named Martin Luther King,Jr. to be the leader. The boycott continued. It was difficult for African Americans to get to work without buses,but they didn't stop the boycott. The city continued to lose money. Finally,the U.S. Supreme Court decided that Montgomery's bus laws were unfair and gave the African American community equal right. On December 21,1956,the bus boycott ended. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement. The movement eventually led to the Civil Rights Act in 1964,a set of laws that made discrimination a crime. During the Montgomery Bus Boycott,people worked together to change the government. Today,people in the U.S. continue to work together for a change. Now hundreds of organizations and community groups work to protect the rights of U.S. citizens and residents. \n Answer: They were treated unfairly.",
            "output": [
                "How is the situation for the black in the U.S. in 1955?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-39334f83231143f8bd09c00965603c7e",
            "input": "Article: \"The really big concern over the last decade,\" according to Dr. David Whitehead, \"is the relative loss of opportunities for children to engage in child-led play.\" That's true. One of the exhausting aspects of modern parenting is that everything, even doing nothing, has to be purposeful. Now that \"parenting\" has become a verb -- a state of doing, rather than simply being -- it can fed unnatural to leave your children to their own devices. Yet it creates spaces in which good things can happen. The psychology lecturer is responding to a survey showing that 80 percent of parents of small children feel under pressure to fill their days with \"structured\" activities. This, says Dr. Whitehead, is a mistake. Leaving your children to play on their own or with their peers enables them to develop \"self-regulation abilities\", which in turn leads to better academic achievement. One afternoon last autumn, sitting on a bench doing no parenting at all, I suddenly felt I was getting the hang of it. That afternoon, my sister and I took our children to the park. We had lots to talk about, so we sat down on a bench and drove the children away. After briefly complaining, the cousins wandered off and started jumping into puddles  . They jumped and jumped, and then one of them kicked some muddy water at the others. My sister and I, deep in conversation, didn't notice this. So my nephew became more adventurous. He scooped up a handful of mud and threw it on my son's head. My son caught his breath happily, wiped the mud out of his eyes, and threw one back. My nephew, who has a talent for naming things, puffed out his tiny chest and roared: \"Let's play Muddikins!\" The rules of Muddikins are simple. You run around throwing mud at each other until everyone is so thickly coated that you can no longer be sure which child is whose. Nothing is learnt from it; nobody is improved. It is pure fun, of the sort that can only happen when parents drop the reins  . They did it. \" Whoa, that's so cool,\" said one. \"I wish my mum was like you.\" \n Answer: Worthwhile.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think of the behavior of the children in the puddles?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d38e07c5128e4fbd92d879328116e1f9",
            "input": "Article: Almost no young people today know who the cartoon character Oswald the Rabbit is, but they certainly recognize his successor, Bugs Bunny. Oswald, Bugs, and hundreds of other characters were created by Walt Disney, perhaps the most famous cartoonist in history. Born in prefix = st1 /Chicagoin 1901, Walt Disney always wanted to be an artist. After returning from World War I, in which he drove an ambulance, Disney worked as a commercial artist. He enjoyed drawing cartoons more than anything else, and decided to try his hand at a technology that was new at the time, moving pictures. In the 1920's, he produced several films where he made cartoon characters move as if by magic. The technique Disney used was painstaking. He made hundreds or even thousands of repeated drawings of the same character. In each drawing, the character was changed just a bit. A film was taken of the series of drawings, and when it was shown, the characters appeared to move. The process, called animation, is still used today, although computers have made the process much easier. In 1928, Disney created his most famous character, Mortimer Mouse, who we know today as Mickey. The mouse starred in a cartoon called Steamboat Willie, which was unusual because it involved the use of a sound track. Within the next few years, Disney invented many of his other characters. The list of Disney's animation successes is long and memorable. It includes Pinocchio, Dumbo, Bambi, Cinderella, and Peter Pan. Perhaps his most remarkable animated film is Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Created in 1937, it was an immediate success. Today, more than fifty years later, it is still one of the most popular films for children. \n Answer: Computers have made the job harder.",
            "output": [
                "What is one of the chief differences between animation today and in Walt Disney's early years?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-01851dc290c94df689c290cbb55a548f",
            "input": "Article: 'Student Voice' is a student-run education conference discussing education in the 21st century. This event aims to gather the views and opinions of students not only in Victoria and Australia, but around the globe. On Sunday 29 July 2012 students will discuss a series of questions regarding the role of education in the 21st century. By the end of the day they will hopefully have comprehensive answers to be shared with schools around the state and maybe even the world. Students from Preshill would like to invite a group of 5-10 students from your school to participate in this free forum . The event is being held on Sunday 29 July 2012 from 10am-2.30pm at the Hawthorn Town Hall, 360 Burwood Rd, Hawthorn. They are inviting students who are enthusiastic on any of our topics of discussion to present a keynote speech on the day. If you can't make the day, they welcome your written or recorded thoughts on our questions, which will be on display at the event. The topics for discussion: Key Question: What is the ideal 21st century education? 1. Is it a school's place to teach ethics, values, morals, confidence, self-esteem? 2. What are the effects of a uniform national curriculum ? 3. How can we make education more engaging? 4. Should students be compared and ranked against each other? 5. What is the place of social networking and new media technology in education? 6. What is the best way to determine student knowledge? Visit their Facebook page (see below) for updates, to communicate with organizers and other participants, and to indicate your interest in making a keynote speech. The Student Voice Organizing Committee Facebook Page URL: [Link] \n Answer: To gather students' ideas about education and share these ideas with schools.",
            "output": [
                "What is the aim of the Student Voice Conference?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-64edf74dc2f840ee87e19625d08f12f7",
            "input": "Article: Lee Humberg, district manager for the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, is the man in charge of figuring out how to remove the flocks   of 15,000 to 20,000 Canada geese  that could strike planes flying in and out of the New York area. The Port Authority, the agency that manages airport in New York and New Jersey, estimates that there have been as many as 315 bird strikes annually in the past 30 years. Bird strikes have been a hot topic since a US Airways jet suffered a \"double strike\" and made an emergency landing on the Hudson River in January 2009. All 155 passengers were rescued safely and the flight was called \"Miracle on the Hudson\". The plane finally ended up at the Carolinas Aviation Museum. The next major bird strike may not have such a happy ending. To thin the flocks, Humberg and his team have tracked down goose nests and killed eggs with corn oil. They've also terrified the birds with dogs, remote-controlled boats and kites that look like eagles. But the only method that effectively decreases the goose population is the one that angers animal lovers the most: gassing hundreds at a time. \"If all you are doing is goose harassment   every day, it's very frustrating, because you are just playing Ping-Pong with the birds,\" Humberg told New York magazine. \"It's basically an arms race to come up with the tools to deal with them.\" Now New York City plans to send the geese captured to Pennsylvania to be cooked and distributed at food banks as meals for the poor. That might just be a fate better than flying into a 747 engine. \n Answer: He tries to find newer and safer airlines.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn form Humberg?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e475f04545e4e6396859bdf6193cd8d",
            "input": "Article: Food Cures Our Price: $31.96 & this item ships for FREE with Super Saver Shipping.  SKU: 79133 In Stock Usually ships in 1 business day Description: Did you know that fish oil is emerging as a real treatment for depression? That coffee and cinnamon can actually lower blood sugar in people with diabetes? Here you'll find detailed food prescriptions, based on the latest research, for more than 57 common health problems, including colds, hay fever, memory loss and so on. Plus dozens of practical suggestions for getting more of the foods that can help prevent disease, and simple recipes for immune-boosting smoothies, healing teas, and more. Product Details: Hardcover: 352 pages Publisher: Reader's Digest Association Publication Date: 2007-09 ISBN: 0762107308 Average Customer Rating: based on 3 reviews Average Customer Review:   Exactly As Described  Feb 15, 2010 Product arrived quickly. The description said there was a tear on the cover of the book. I was pleased that it was just a small tear and otherwise the book was in very good condition. This seller was honest and did not try to overplay the condition in order to make a sale. Some good information  Feb 06, 2010 This book does have some good information, but it does not talk at all about eating organic food, grass fed beef, free-range eggs, etc. The poisonous pesticides   and artificial hormones   in our society have a huge effect on our health and some illnesses probably wouldn't even exist if it weren't for them. Fantastic  Aug 05, 2009 This book is perfect for any questions you have about using food to help your body. We all know chicken soup helps colds, but did you know? This book will tell you exactly what's special about each food and what part of the body or disease it helps.  _ any health problems you have with this common sense food guide. \n Answer: People who try to improve their health.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the advertisement mainly intended for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1d4ab5e007fd4b85929e8bf7c44484ca",
            "input": "Article: Today, I'm going to talk about the invention of the camera and photography. The camera is often thought to be a modern invention. But as early as 1727, a German physicist discovered that light darkened silver salt, a chemical compound. Using as a camera, a big box with a small hole to let the light in, he made temporary images on the salt. Silver salt is still the base of film today. Then a French scientist made the first permanent picture by using a special piece of metal sensitized(...)with silver salt. A photograph he made in 1826 still exists. The painter Daguerre improved on the process by placing common salt, the kind we eat, on the metal. This was in 1839, the official date of the beginning of photography. But the problem was the printing of the photographs. And it was not until other scientists developed the kind of paper we now use that good printing was possible and photography became truly common. In the 1860s, Mathew Brady was able to take his famous pictures of the American Civil War, thus making portrait poses very popular. In the 20thcentury, George Eastmen of theprefix = st1 /United Statessimplified film-developing film, and Dr. Edwin Land invented the so-called instant camera with self-developing film. If we say that the photography came into existence in 1839, it follows that it has taken more than one hundred years for the camera to reach the present condition of technical refinement . \n Answer: The discovery that light darkens silver salt.",
            "output": [
                "What was the basis of photography?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5340097fbdef4ccdbfe5abf126a1fc93",
            "input": "Article: Home Alone is a very funny 1990 American film. It tells us a story about a boy who is accidentally left alone at home. One night before Christmas, the McAlister family meets at their house. They are planning to fly to Paris for the holiday and are busy getting ready. Eight-year-old Kevin is the youngest child and is fighting with his brothers, sisters and cousins. When he goes to bed, he is so angry that he wishes all his family would go away. In the morning, everyone wakes up very late. They are all in a hurry to get to the airport, so they forget Kevin and he is left alone at home by accident. Although Kevin is alone, he is very happy at first. His terrible family has gone--- his wish has come true. He watches TV, eats lots of fast food and plays games. He has a good time. But later on, he goes out and hears two bad men called Harry and Marv planning to steal from his house. He goes home and plans some very funny ways to catch Harry and Marv. Many things in the house gets broken as Kevin tries to stop them. Finally, the police come and the men are taken away. The house is now in a mess, so Kevin tidies it up and waits for his parents. They get back from Paris and are very happy to find that Kevin is safe. \n Answer: Because he is angry with his brothers, sisters and cousins.",
            "output": [
                "Why does Kevin think his family are \"terrible\" at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-354f461a3fc44fa49877f28dc8751bcf",
            "input": "Article: The greatest contribution to civilization in the century may well be the air-conditioning- and American leads just as amazing is the speed with which this situation came to be. Air-conditioning began to spread in industries as a production aid during World War II. Today most Americans need to take air-conditioning for granted to homes, offices, factories, theatres, shops, studios, schools, hotels, and restaurants, and we can see it almost everywhere in today's America. But not everybody is aware that high cost and easy comfort are merely two of the effects of the vast cooling of American. In fact, air conditioning has substantially altered the country's character and customs. Many of the byproducts are so conspicuous  that they are scarcely noticed. To begin with, air-conditioning transformed the face of America by making possible those glassy, boxy, sealed-in skyscrapers. It has been indispensable, no less, to the functioning of sensitive advanced computers, whose high operating temperatures require that they be constantly cooled. . . It has, at will, forced families into going back into families with closed doors and shut windows to improve the effects of the air-conditioning, reducing the interactions of neighborhood life. I think there is no need explaining the seriousness of this consequence . It is really surprising that the public's often noted withdrawal into self-pursuit and privacy has kept in pace with the historic spread of air-conditioning. Though science has little studied how habitual air-conditioning affects mind and body, some medical experts suggest that, like other technical avoidance of natural changes in climate, air-conditioning may damage the human capacity to adapt to stress. If so, air-conditioning is only like many other greatly useful technical developments that liberate  man from nature by increasing his productivity and power in some way - while indirectly weakening him in others. \n Answer: Its excessive use of air-conditioning.",
            "output": [
                "According to this passage, which of the following played a role in the forming of the unique character of U.S.?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-279aad46906a46d6b1694da4995c13c0",
            "input": "Article: I was born an albino.No one in my family had ever known what an albino was,what it meant to be an albino,and what had to be done differently because I was an albino.  My parents treated me just like they treated everybody else.That was just about the best thing they could have done.It helped me trust myself,so when the annoyances came along,I could deal with them.  True,my photo always looked like a snowball with two pieces of coal for eyes.Kids would tease me,asking if I was joining the circus and calling me \"Whitey\".Like most albinos,I had terrible eyesight,and my grades suffered until eventually I overcame my feeling ashamed of myself and realized it was okay to ask to sit in the front of the classroom so I could see the blackboard better.People stared at me when I held reading material right at the tip of my nose so I could see it well enough to read.Even when I was eight or nine.movie-theater clerks started asking me to pay adult prices because I \"looked older\".  The worst part for me was that because my eyesight was so bad,I couldn't play sports very well.I didn't give up trying,though.And I studied harder.  Eventually,I got better at school and loved it.By the time I got to college 1 was double majoring,going to summer school and devoting myself to every kind of extracurricular activity I could find.I had learned to be proud of being an albino.I did my best to make \"albino\" a positive word.And I decided to make my living with my eyes.  I couldn't see well enough to play spots,but with a solid education and the drive to do it.I could make a living involved in the field I loved.I've done it now for more than thirty years in print and in video,and now in cyberspace.People make jokes about how I'm the only \"blind editor\" they know,but most of the time the jokes are signs of respect.And I make jokes about being an albino.  I was just a proud albino kid from the coal country of Pennsylvania.I now realize that being born an albino helped me to overcome difficulties,gain confidence,and be proud of my personal achievement and humble about my professional accomplishments. \n Answer: Someone with some kind of disease.",
            "output": [
                "What is an albino according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-744ff442bb7d46b0933c7936bc9c17ea",
            "input": "Article: American cities are similar to other cities around the world.In every country,  cities reflect the values of the culture.American cities are changing,just as American society is changing. After World War II,the population of most large American cities decreased;however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased.In the late 1940s and early 1950s,city residents became wealthier.They had more children so they needed more space.They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes.They bought houses in the suburbs . Now things are changing,the children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults.Many, unlike their parents,want to live in the cities.They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest.Many young professionals are moving back into the city.They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there;or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers. This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits.Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent.In the 1950s,many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs;now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities. Only a few years ago,people thought that the older American cities were dying.Some city residents now see a bright,new future.Others see only problems and conflicts.One thing is sure:many dying cities in America are alive again. \n Answer: They are different.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think of cities all over the world?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-142dea6c5f9f49f987df45f1041d493d",
            "input": "Article: Many psychologists in the early twentieth century believed that humans use only 10 percent of their brains, and even the great Albert Einstein once wrote that most people use only a small portion of the grey matter between their ears. It's a theory that has often been put forward in television documentaries; magazines, advertisements and books over the past century. But nearly all scientists now agree the 10 percent theory is completely . In fact, they question how this figure was ever arrived at in the first place and what areas of the brain are supposed to be unneeded. The theory supposes that if 90 percent of the brain were removed, a person would Still be able to function normally, while in reality it is known that damage to even a small area of the brain can result in extremely serious physical injury different activities and that many areas of the brain are used at the same time for some complex activities or thought processes. Throughout the course of one day, most .areas of the brain are active at some time, even during sleep. The 10 percent theory suggests that certain areas o' the brain are not used, but scans slow activities throughout the entire brain and not in any separate part. The final argument against the 10 percent theory is the fact that doctors carefully map the brain before removing brain cancers so that they don't affect other essential areas. From an evolutionary point of view, it's highly unlikely butt our comparatively larger brains would have evolved from our ancestors if the extra areas were not needed. In fact, there is absolutely no evidence support the 10 percent theory. \n Answer: It was promoted in various types of copular media.",
            "output": [
                "How did the 10 percent theory get such widespread popularity?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2c0a3db484bf4d969a46ef32b00940f6",
            "input": "Article: Everybody sleeps, but what people stay up late to catch--or wake up early in order not to miss--varies by culture. From data collected, it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep, on average, are sporting events, time changes, and holidays. Around the world, people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time. Russians, for example, began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to \"winter time\"starting on October 36. Russia's other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year's Eve, Russians have the world's latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 am. Russians also get up an hour later on International Women's Day, the day for treating and celebrating female relatives. Similarly, Americans' late nights late mornings, and longest sleeps fall on three-day weekends. Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey final. The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation , The worst night for sleep in the U.K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 15. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights, the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. That was nothing, though, compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup. It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns, in some of these nations, it's likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person. Even if that's the case, though, the above findings are still striking, If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing? \n Answer: They are culture-related .",
            "output": [
                "What does the author say about people's sleeping habits?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0d1059b3e4e7472eaa8d3893e958f63d",
            "input": "Article: Online Communication In an age when technology moves faster than most can keep up with, a small group of people still remain in the time of old-fashioned letter. Frankly speaking, I was once certain that traditional letters could never be replaced by other means of communication. But a story about online communication changed my mind. An old man, who suffered a lot from Parkinson's disease, was not able to talk clearly and could hardly write his name. Living totally alone, he managed to keep in touch with nearly all the members of his family. How did he achieve this? He clicked out words on his computer keyboard. I, therefore, managed to get an E-mail box as soon as the opportunity came. My life changed. E-mail, and all online communication, is something truly different. It has capabilities  that few other products can match. E-mail is convenient. It takes less time with its fast speed and 24-hour connection. The slow postal service is no match. If you wouldn't want to have a face-to-face talk with your manager, you might talk with him through E-mail even if you are in the same office. Naming all the good things about online communication is not easy. But wait. E-mail can be inconvenient. It can waste time and energy. Just think what may happen when you take a short vacation and return to find your e-mail box filled with 200 unread messages. You could easily spend half a day clearing _ ads. Then, online communication will keep us staying at our computer while it connects us to distant strangers. Once we throw ourselves into the machine, we may forget the human touches we once held so dear. I'm sure there is and always will be a place for the old-fashioned letter, phone call, and face-to-face meeting... even in the world of modern communication. As I listen to the sound of the modem , I was excited at stepping out to the outside world but, at the same time, I sensed a loss of control over something valuable in my personal life. \n Answer: It does more harm than good.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer think of online communication?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1ba572c4cb7b44758aedeeb1db5452fa",
            "input": "Article: Harriet Tubman was an AfricanAmerican woman who fought against slavery. She was born in 1820. She helped many people escape from slavery through the Underground Railroad. It was an organized effort to help slaves from the southern states to areas that banned slavery. Slaves could be sold freely. Families were often separated. Harriet married a free black man named John Tubman in 1844, yet she remained a slave. In 1849, the farmer who owned her died. Then she ran to the home of a white woman who had offered to help her. This woman told her how to reach another home where she could hide. Harriet Tubman went from place to place in this way. This was how the Underground Railroad operated. Finally,she went into the northern state of Pennsylvania. During the next ten years,she led an expanded Underground Railroad,and helped 300 slaves escape. Harriet Tubman found another way to fight against slavery during the Civil War. She went into the southern states to spy  for the North. After the Civil War,Harriet Tubman settled in New York State. She gave speeches to raise money for better education for black Americans, worked for women's rights and sought help for older adults who had been slaves. Harriet Tubman died in 1913.By that time, she had been recognized as an American heroine . \n Answer: Harriet's fight against slavery.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-090ce08f801e426aaa73cc5571074ea4",
            "input": "Article: The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing. Since 2009, a new form of sharing economy has been emerging in neighborhoods throughout the US and around the world---- Little Free Library. The libraries are boxes placed in neighborhoods from which residents can withdraw   and deposit   books. Little Free Libraries come in all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults, or tour guides. In 2009, Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library as a gift to his mother, who was a devoted reader. When he saw the people of his community gathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further. \"I think Little Free Libraries open the door to conversations we want to have with each other,\" Bol said. Since then, his idea has become a movement, spreading from state to state and country to country. According to Little FreeLibrary.org, there are now 18,000 of the little structures around the world, located in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia. The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article says the little structures serve as a cure for a world of e-reader downloads. The little wooden boxes are refreshingly physical and human. For many people, the sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries' main appeal. \"A girl walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading; a man on his way to the bus stop might find a volume of poetry that changes his outlook on life,\" says the Atlantic article. \"Every book is a potential source of inspiration\". \n Answer: Citizens shared them.",
            "output": [
                "How do Little Free Libraries get their books?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-08f07dc535994ad585de3ad24f11ca05",
            "input": "Article: Two words rhyme with each other when they have the same ending word, like \"think,\" \"pink\". The last word in each of the lines of a poem does not have to have a rhyming sound, many of them do. Two lines of poetry that rhyme with each other at the end are call rhyming couplet. Writing rhyming poetry can be difficult because you need to choose words that not only rhyme but have meaning, too. Even though some poems are short, you have to think extra long at which words to choose. Here is an example of a short poem: He was only a bug, but he was the king. She smiled at him when he gave her a ring. He forgot to be careful of one little thing. His queen was a bee, and she could sting. \n Answer: They have the same ending sound.",
            "output": [
                "What does it mean when two words rhyme?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6b89dee8ff614416b1d8b992b87231fd",
            "input": "Article: Astronomers   say they are on the point of finding planets like Earth orbiting other stars, which is a key step in determining if we are alone in the universe. A top NASA official and other leading scientists say that within four or five years they should discover the first Earth-like planet where life could develop, or may have already. A planet close to the size of Earth could even be found sometime this year. At the annual American Astronomical Society conference this week, each discovery involving  so-called \"exoplanets\" --those outside our solar system -- pointed to the same conclusion:Quiet planets like Earth where life could develop probably are plentiful. NASA's Dew Kepler telescope and a lot of new research from the suddenly hot and competitive exoplanet field caused noticeable buzz at the meeting.Scientists are talking about being at \"an incredible special place in history\" and closer to answering the question. \"Are we alone? For the first time, there's an optimism that sometime in our lifetimes we're going to _ that,\" said Simon Worden,an astronomer who heads NASA's Ames Research Center. \"If I were a betting man, which I am, I would bet we're not alone.\" \"These are big questions that reflect upon the meaning of the human race in the universe,\" the director of the Vatican Observatory, the Rev. Jose Funes, said Wednesday in an interview at this week's conference. Worden told The Associated Press: \"I would certainly expect in the next four or five years we'd have an Earth-sized planet in the habitable   zone.\" \n Answer: Finding an Earth-like planet",
            "output": [
                "What is very important in determining if we are alone in the universe?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f5e922d5b330488eb6233c60c7b9ec67",
            "input": "Article: By 2050, a completely new type of human evolve as a result of extremely new technology, behavior, and natural selection. This is according to Cadell Last, a researcher at the Global Brain Institute, who claims mankind is undergoing a major \"evolutionary transition\". In less than four decades, Mr. Last claims we will live longer, have children in old age and rely on artificial intelligence to do ordinary and boring tasks. This shift is so significant, he claims, it is comparable to the change from monkeys to apes, and apes to humans. \"Your 80 or 100 is going to be so radically different than your grandparents,\" Mr. Last says, who believes we will spend much of our time living in virtual reality. Some evolutionary scientists believe this age could be as high as 120 by 2050. Mr. Last claims humans will also demonstrate _ , according to a report by Christina Sterbenz inBusiness Insider. This refers to something known as life history theory which attempts to explain how natural selection shapes key events in a creature's life, such as reproduction. It suggests that as brain sizes increase, organisms need more energy and time to reach their full potential, and so reproduce less. Instead of living fast and dying younger, Mr. Last believes humans will live slow and die old. \"Global society at the moment is a complete mess,\" he told MailOnline. \"But in crisis there is opportunity, and in apocalypse   there can be transformation. So I think the next system humanity creates will be far more sophisticated, fair, and abundant than our current civilization.\" \"I think our next system will be as different from the modern world, as our contemporary world is from the medieval   world. The biological clock isn't going to be around forever,\" he added, and said that people could pause it for some time using future technology. The change is already happening. Today, the average age at which a woman in Britain has her first baby has been rising steadily stands at 29. 8. In the US, just one percent of first children were born to women over the age of 35 in 1970. By 2012, that figure rose to 15 percent. \"As countries become socio-economically advanced, more and more people, especially women have the option to engage in cultural reproduction,\" Mr. Last added. And as well as having more child-free years to enjoy leisure time, he believes artificial intelligence will make up the need for low-skill jobs. We may also spend a large amount of time living in virtual reality. \"I'm not quite sure most people have really absorbed the implications of this possibility,\" Mr. Last said. His views are detailed in a paper, titled \"Human Evolution, Life History Theory, and the End of Biological Reproduction\" published Current Aging Science. \n Answer: We use intelligent robots to do everyday housework.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is compared by Mr. Last to the change from monkeys to apes, and apes to humans?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-82df3304d840468eb6fa67205c460515",
            "input": "Article: How far would you be willing to go to satisfy your need to know? Far enough to find out your possibility of dying from a terrible disease? These days that's more than an academic question, as Tracy Smith reports in our Cover Story. There are now more than a thousand genetic tests, for everything from baldness to breast cancer, and the list is growing. Question is, do you really want to know what might eventually kill you? For instance, Nobel Prize-winning scientist James Watson, one of the first people to map their entire genetic makeup, is said to have asked not to be told if he were at a higher risk for Alzheimer' . \"If I tell you that you have an increased risk of getting a terrible disease, that could weigh on your mind and make you anxious, through which you see the rest of your life as you wait for that disease to hit you. It could really mess you up.\" Said Dr. Robert Green, a Harvard geneticist. \"Every ache and pain,\" Smith suggested, \"could be understood as the beginning of the end.\" \"That 's right. If you ever worried you were at risk for Alzheimer's disease, then every time you can't find your car in the parking lot, you think the disease has started.\" Dr. Green has been thinking about this issue for years. He led a study of people who wanted to know if they were at a higher genetic risk for Alzheimer's. It was thought that people who got bad news would, for lack of a better medical term, _ . But Green and his team found that there was \"no significant difference\" between how people handled good news and possibly the worst news of their lives. In fact, most people think they can handle it. People who ask for the information usually can handle the information, good or bad, said Green. \n Answer: He doesn't want to know his chance of getting a disease.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about James Watson?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-153a7ddf345e4790ab5ba0c9755dfeba",
            "input": "Article: Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page.(You may read the questions first.) jaguar: n.a type of large, yellow-colored cat with black markings found in the southwestern region of the U.S.and in Central and South America. jargon: 1.n.an unknown language that seems strange or impossible to understand.2.n.a language made up of two or more other languages: His jargon was a mixture of French and English- 3.n. the special vocabulary of a field or profession: Her report on computers was filled with jargon.4.n.speech that doesn't make sense. jaunt: 1.n.a trip taken for fun.2.v.to go on a brief pleasant trip: We jaunted to the country last Saturday. javelin: 1.n.a spear most commonly used as weapon or in hunting.2.n.the contest in which a javelin is thrown.3.n.a lightweight metal or wooden spear that is thrown in track-and-field contests.4, v.to strike, as with ajavelin. jazz: 1.n.a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic eats.2.n.popular dance music influenced by jazz..3.n.slang empty talk.4.ad.of or like jazz: a jazz band, jazz records. Jennet; n.a small Spanish horse. \n Answer: Definition 4",
            "output": [
                "Which meaning of the word javelin is used in the sentence below?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6c2c30d817764ad8881f44f507147d8a",
            "input": "Article: A pet parrot that spoke with a British accent when it disappeared from its home four years ago has been reunited with its owner ---- and the bird now speaks Spanish. The reunion was brought about by Teresa Micco, a Southern California veterinarian who mistook Nigel, an African gray parrot, for her own missing bird, the Daily Breeze reported on Sunday. Teresa Micco tracked Nigel's microchip  to Darren Chick, a British man who lives in Torrance, California. \"I introduced myself and said, 'Have you lost a bird?' \"Micco told the newspaper. \"He first said, 'No' But he thought I meant recently \" When she checked on Chick's name and said she had his African gray parrot, \"He looked at me like I was crazy. \" He said his bird had gone missing for four years earlier. Little is known about Nigel's whereabouts   for the past four years, but Chick says the bird's British accent is gone, and it now chatters in Spanish. Chick says last week's reunion brought tears of joy to his eyes---despite the fact that Nigel bit him when he first tried to pick him up. Micco said the behaviour was not unusual and that Nigel would settle back in soon enough. \"He is doing very well,\" Chick told the newspaper. \"It is really strange. I knew it was him from the minute I saw him\" It is the fifth parrot reunion helped by Micco, who has been running advertisements for her own missing bird for nine months. That parrot, Benjamin, escaped in February when it flew out through a door that had been left open. Julissa Sperling found Nigel outside her home and brought him to Micco after seeing one of her advertisements. \"He was the happiest bird. He was singing and talking all the time,\" Sperling said. \"He was barking like my dogs. I am from Panama, and he was saying, 'What happened?' in Spanish.\" \n Answer: He lost his pet parrot",
            "output": [
                "What happened to Darren Chick four years ago?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6357a25fdd324eebb1eed64fa0270945",
            "input": "Article: I grew up with a fat dad--450 pounds at his heaviest.Every week he would try a new diet,and my family ended up eating whatever strange food he was trying at that moment. After my thirdgrade year,my dad landed a lifechanging job in Manhattan.My mom,my little sister and I had to move away from our hometown,Chicago,and leave my grandmother and her beautiful food behind. Leaving my grandmother was far more frightening than the move to New York City.There would be no more special weekends at my grandmother's house,the only place I can remember feeling happy,safe and nourished  .It was what I desired.In this new city,I felt extremely alone and lost,and I missed my grandmother terribly. My grandmother knew just how I felt--And she knew the _ .Every week,she would send me a card with a $20 bill,a recipe and a list of what to buy at the market.It kept us bonded,and her recipes filled my body and soul. Over the years,I have grown to better understand my father's struggles with weight and the toll   it took on him and those who love him.I have come to realize he was driven not by vanity   or selfishness as much as by a deep pain.And in spite of growing up in such an unhealthy eating environment (or perhaps because of it),as an adult I found a passion and a career as a nutrition consultant. Today,my father weighs 220 pounds and is a vegan  .How he got there is a story I hope to share in the coming weeks.More importantly,food is no longer a barrier that keeps us apart,but a bridge that keep us connected.There is nothing my dad enjoys more than talking with me about dietary theories and his weightloss victories.And now I am the one regularly sending recipe cards to my father's house,just as my grandmother did for me. \n Answer: He forced his family to eat what he liked.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of person was actually the author's father?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bba2bbfc407b4180aa06e3348fc032cc",
            "input": "Article: Sony and Toyota are struggling. But one brand name is booming   in Japan during the economic slowdown--Mickey Mouse. According to the company that runs Tokyo Disneyland, Japan's busiest theme park will be more packed than ever over Christmas and New Year's Day. Despite the bad economy, it's already been a record year for an escape which is cheaper than the average night out in pricey Tokyo. \"Here, economic depression   seems a world away,\" visitor Namie Katsunuma said. \"This is the only place where I can totally forget the economic worries and hardships of my life.\" The single mother's salary at an auto factory was cut in November but, with her $500 yearly pass in hand, she makes the 95-km journey from her home to Tokyo Disneyland every couple of months. The park's operator, Oriental Land Co, estimates   a record 26.5 million people will visit Tokyo Disneyland and its nearby sister park, Disneysea, during the financial year ending in March. The company is forecasting sales of a record $4.2 billion, up almost 10 percent. \"In a way, the economy works well for Tokyo Disneyland,\" said Hiroshi Watanabe, an economist at the Tokyo-based Daiwa Research Institute. \"Because of the economic depression, people have stopped buying cars and houses or going to Hawaii, and Tokyo Disneyland offers an affordable and pleasant _ .\" Around the world, Disney's theme parks have been a bright spot for the brand this year as people seem to look for an escape from bad times. \n Answer: Its sales have reached $4.2 billion.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what happens to Tokyo Disneyland this year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-293c7ca140514d1a9813e3549280f587",
            "input": "Article: In many countries, schools have long summer holidays, with shorter holidays in between.However, a new report suggests shortening school holidays to stop children forgetting what they have learnt during the long summer break.Instead of three school terms, it says, there should be five eight-week terms.And there should be just four weeks off in the summer, with a two-week break between the other terms. Sonia Montero has two children at primary school and works full-time.She supports the idea.\"The kids,\" she says, \" have much longer holidays then and I can't afford to take several weeks off work, so I need someone to take care of them.But nobody wants the work in the summer holidays -- they all have holidays of their own. Not surprisingly, some young people disagree.Student Jason Panos says , \"It's a stupid idea.I would hate staying at school in the summer.It's unfair, too.The people who suggest this had long school holidays when they were young, but now they want to stop us enjoying the summer.The kids in Spain and American have much longer holidays than here, but they don't forget everything they've learnt in a few months.\" Nadia Salib agrees.\"Sure,\" she says, \"the first week at school after the summer is never easy, but you soon get back into it.The real problem round here is that kids get bored after so many weeks out of school, and then some of them start causing trouble.But the answer is to give them something to do, not make everyone stay in school longer.\" \n Answer: She can't get anyone to look after her children in summer.",
            "output": [
                "Why is Sonia in support of shorter school holidays?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6c3db3e1cee741c2996885f3eee39384",
            "input": "Article: Can you imagine living in a house built by recycled waste? Texas home builder Dan Phillips transforms trash into artful treasures, creating beautiful floors with wood pieces, kitchen counters from ivory -colored bones and roofs out of license plates  . The fantastic houses which spring from his imagination are made almost entirely of materials which would otherwise have ended up in a garbage area. \" People have been doing this for hundreds of thousands of years; using whatever is available to build shelter, \" Phillips said.\"If you think about carefully what could be used, then building materials are everywhere. The thirteen homes he has built so far would fit better in an art museum than the residential streets of Huntsville, a conservative town of about 35 ,000 people. Living in these houses is a bit like living in a roadside attraction.\"Almost every day, somebody knocks on the door and says ' Is there any way that we could see?' \"said Edie Wells, an artist who rents a room in the Bone House.Her home features a stairway made of bones, floors covered in wine corks   and beer bottle caps.Wells said visitors are most impressed when they see a bathroom with its walls, floor and ceiling entirely covered with broken mirror pieces. In addition, each house is highly energy efficient with plenty insulation   , an on-demand solar hot water heater and a system that can collect and recycle rainwater to clean the toilet and wash clothes. Phillips founded Phoenix Commotion 12 years ago with the aim of creating a new model for sustainable housing.For as little as $ 10,000 it builds affordable homes for single parents, low-income families and artists. The company has used hundreds of tons of construction waste by recycling the materials into habitable buildings. Phillips tries to spread his recycled-house idea by speaking at events across the United States, and by using the Internet to reach out to like-minded individuals.Phillips said: \"I'm not going to be saving the world anytime soon.But there needs to be at least some visibility for this model in this century. \n Answer: cheap",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the advantage of the homes built by Phillips?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af4d211fdf0241c6891a60994244ba47",
            "input": "Article: Here are six questions about your approach to life. Try to answer them as honestly as you can. Are you hard driving and competitive? Are you usually pressed for time? Do you want to control others? Do you have a strong need to do better than others in most things? Do you eat too quickly? Do you get upset when you have to wait for anything? If you have answered \"yes\" to most of these questions, then I can make a few predictions about you, based on a recent eight-year study of nearly two thousand people who live the way that you do. You likely find that life is full of challenges and you often need to keep two or more projects moving at the same time. The chances are that you have been to college, that you have a management job and that you bring work home at night. You think that you put more effort into your job than many of the people you work with, and you certainly take your work more seriously than most of them. You get angry easily, and if someone is being long-winded, you help them get to the point. You also have trouble finding the time to get your hair cut. And there's one other thing. You are about twice as likely to have a heart attack as someone who takes a more easygoing approach to life.  The beginnings of your hard-driving behavior go right back to childhood. In school you got recognition and perhaps prizes for being quick and bright, for being an achiever, for competing with others and for winning. You likely went on from school to get a series of increasingly better jobs against pretty stiff competition. They were jobs where you had to care about the results, where you constantly had to push things forward and get things done. In your present job you also feel some conflict, either with time or with other people. Some of those you work with don't seem able to understand the simplest ideas, and they often put a brake on what you're trying to achieve. The conflict may not take place every day. You pride yourself on being able to keep the lid on.  _ . \n Answer: People who want to control others and have a strong need to do better than others.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following people probably have the hard-driving character?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cd10917240dc4bfebdce22ac76a4171b",
            "input": "Article: Jamaican sprinter   Usain Bolt plans to send a message to rival Tyson Gay by breaking the world 100m record in the London Grand Prix on Friday. Bolt, who won gold in the 100m,200m and 4*100m relay in reord times at the Beijing Olympics last year, is determined to use the Crystal Palace event to crush the morale    of his main rival for gold at next month's World Athletics Championships in Berlin. The 22-year-old is slowly returning to peak form after posting 19.59 sec for the 200m in Lausanne earlier this month and clocking a time of 9.79 sec over 100m in cold, rainy conditions in Paris on Friday. Despite Bolt's impressive times, Gay still believes he has the beating of the Jamaican. But Bolt insists there is no one in the sport who scares him and he will prove the point in south London this weekend. Although Bolt believes he is only running at 85 percent at the moment while he recovers from injuries suffered in a recent car crash in Jamaica, he sees no reason why he can't break his world record 100m time of 9.69 seconds. However he won't get the chance to _ Gay in the 100m in London as the American is only running in the 200m, which Bolt is not competing in, so he will have to settle for underlining his own ability. \"You never know what is possible. I will give my best either way. My friends are saying I'm bringing the rain wherever I go but we will see on Friday.\" While Bolt would love to make a big impact in London, he knows the main event is the World Championships. \"The London Grand Prix will show me where I'm at and what I need to do. After, we can analyse what I need to do ahead of the World Championships.\" \n Answer: Bolt suffered a car crash in London recently.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-58d3180fcfa445f7b1ddf1294818d0a4",
            "input": "Article: Family traditions were important in our house, and none was more appreciated than the perfect Christmas tree \"Dad, can we watch when you trim the tree?\" My eldest son. Dan, nine, and his seven -year-old brother John, asked \"I won't be cutting this year,\" my husband Bob said. \"Dan, you and John are old enough to measure things. Do it all by yourselves. Think you boys can handle it? Dan and John seemed to _ in their chairs at the thought of such an amazing responsibility. \"We can handle it.\" Dan promised. \"We won't let you down.\" . A few days before Christmas. Dan and John rushed in after school. They gathered the tools they'd need and brought them out to the yard .where the tree waited. I was cooking when I heard the happy sounds as the boys carried the tree into the lying room. Then I heard the sound that every mother knows is trouble: dead silence I hurried out to them. The tree was cut too short. John  crossed his arms tight across his chest. His eyes filled with angry tears. I felt worried The tree was central to our holiday. I didn't want the boys to feel ashamed every tune they looked at it. I couldn't lower the ceiling, and I couldn't raise the floor either. There was no way to undo the damage done. Suddenly, a thought came to my mind, which turned the problem into the solution.  www..com \"We can't make the tree taller.\" I said. \"But we can put it on a higher position\" Dan nodded his head sideways. \"We could put it on the coffee table. It just might work! Let's try it!\" When Bob got home and looked at the big tree on top of the coffee table, Dan and John held their breath. \"What a good idea!\" he declared \"Why didn't I ever think of such a thing?\" John broke into a grin Dan's chest swelled with pride. \n Answer: The whole family",
            "output": [
                "Who trimmed the Christmas tree this year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7b0b260417554d21a7008aee6b324b22",
            "input": "Article: NEW YORK CITY?A hurricane warning has been given for New York City.Forecasters say Hurricane Irene could cause widespread flooding, power failure and billions of dollars in damage.About 65 million Americans live in Hurricane Irene's projected path --many of whom have been _  In New York City, Mayor Michael Bloomberg has ordered the city's first-ever evacuation. Roughly 250,000 people have been told to leave their homes in low-lying areas, including the Wall Street financial district. WASHINGTON D.C.--On Aug.24, 2011, Apple announced that Mr.Steve Jobs, who has battled cancer for several years, was stepping down as the CEO but would serve as chairman. In January, he had announced that he was taking a medical leave of absence from Apple.In announcing his leave, he turned daily oversight of the company over to the chief operating officer, Timothy D.Cook, and it was Mr.Cook whom Apple named to succeed him as the next CEO of the company. TRIPOLI--Opposition forces in Libya say they control more than 90 percent of the country.It is still not clear where Moammar Gadhafi is.The opposition has offered more than 1,600,000 dollars for his capture  .The head of the opposition forces said his group supports a decision by local businessmen to provide the money in an effort to speed up the capture.Earlier Wednesday, government forces fired onto the former headquarters   of Mr.Gadhafi, which is now controlled by opposition forces.Heavy fighting also continued near Tripoli's airport and in a town of Zuara. \n Answer: Timothy",
            "output": [
                "Who has been appointed as the new CEO of Apple?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4c7df72783be4a6083020bec247fa558",
            "input": "Article: Sometimes just when we need the power of miracles to change our beliefs, they materialize in the places we'd least expect. They can come to us as a drastic alteration in our physical reality or as a simple synchronicity in our lives. Sometimes they're big and can't be missed Other times they're so subtle that if we aren't aware, we may miss them altogether. They can come from the lips of a stranger we suddenly and mysteriously encounter at just the right instant. If we listen carefully, we'll always hear the right words,at the right time, to dazzle us into a realization of something that we may have failed to notice only moments before. On a cold January afternoon in 1989,I was hiking up the trail that leads to the top of Egypt's Mt. Horeb. I'd spent the day at St. Catherine's Monastery and wanted to get to the peak by sunset to see the valley below. As I was winding up the narrow path,I'd occasionally see other hikers who were coming down from a day on the mountain. While they would generally pass with simply a nod or a greeting in another language,there was one man that day who did neither. I saw him coming from the last switchback on the trail that led to the backside of the mountain. As he got closer,I could see that he was dressed differently from the other hikers I'd seen. Rather than the high-tech fabrics and styles that had been the norm,this man was wearing traditional Egyptian clothing. He wore a tattered, rust-colored galabia and obviously old and thick-soled sandals that were covered in dust. What made his appearance so odd,though,was that the man didn't even appear to be Egyptian! He was a small-framed Asian man, had very little hair,and was wearing round,wire-rimmed glasses. As we neared one another,I was the first to speak.\"Hello,\"I said,stopping on the trail for a moment to catch my breath. Not a sound came from the man as he walked closer. I thought that maybe he hadn't heard me or the wind had carried my voice away from him in another direction. Suddenly he stopped directly in front of me on the high side of the trail, looked up from the ground, and spoke a single sentence to me in English,\"Sometimes you don't know what you have lost until you've lost it.\"As I took in what I had just heard,he simply stepped around me and continued his descent down the trail. That moment in my life was a small miracle. The reason is less about what the man said and more about the timing and the context. The year was 1989,and the Cold War was drawing to a close. What the man on the trail couldn't have known is that it was during my Egyptian pilgrimage, and specifically during my hike to the top of Moses's mountain,that I'd set the time aside to make decisions that would affect my career in the defense industry,my friends,my family,and,ultimately,my life. I had to ask myself what the chances were of an Asian man dressed in an Egyptian galabia coming down from the top of this historic mountain just when I was walking up,stopping before me,and offering his wisdom,seemingly from out of nowhere. My answer to _ was easy: the odds were slim to none! In an encounter that lasted less than two minutes on a mountain halfway around the world from my home, a total stranger had brought clarity, and the hint of a warning, regarding the huge changes that I would make within a matter of days. In my way of thinking,that's a miracle. I suspect that we all experience small miracles in our lives every day. Sometimes we have the wisdom and the courage to recognize them for what they are. In the moments when we don't,that's okay as well. It seems that our miracles have a way of coming back to us again and again. And each time they do,they become a little less _ ,until we can't possibly miss the message that they bring to our lives! The key is that they're everywhere and occur every day for different reasons, in response to the different needs that we may have in the moment. Our job may be less about questioning the extraordinary things that happen in our daily lives and more about accepting the gifts they bring. \n Answer: He waited patiently in expectation of meeting a wise person.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author make a pilgrimage to Mt. Horeb in Egypt?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-24f9b3f368a0466098ac6a581dfbe52e",
            "input": "Article: February4, 2012 saw the take-off of a new rising NBA star- Jeremy Lin. Among professional basketball players, Jeremy Lin's background is not typical. He graduated from Harvard University, which sends few players to the NBA, and he is the only Chinese-American NBA player. But when you watch him on the court, there is no doubt that he belongs there. He moves with speed and grace that demonstrate years of faithful practice, which is fueled by a love for basketball. Lin's enjoyment to basketball actually began in Taiwan. When Lin's father moved to U.S., his interest in the sport only grew and he passed on this love of basketball to his son, introducing him to the game at the age of five. The young Lin spent much of his youth playing basketball for fun. In high school, Lin dreamed of playing in the NBA. When he applied for college, he was not offered a single sports scholarship. However, after his admission to Harvard ,he was offered a place on its college basketball team. During Lin's time at Harvard, his basketball career began to speed up. He scored 1,482 points, making him one of the highest scorers in Ivy League history. When he graduated, no professional teams offered Lin a contract, but he was invited to play in the NBA Summer League. He played well and ended up eagerly signing a contract with the Golden State Warriors. At first, playing in professional games filled Lin with excitement. He treasured opportunities to meet players he had been watching on TV for years. But slowly, the excitement wore off and was replaced by anxiety. In a few very difficult months, he was cut by two teams before the New York Knicks picked him up. But he had the courage and determination to stick to his dream, so he put himself into hard training to get ready for his opportunity to come, Then his moment arrived on February4, 2012,on which his excellent performance made him famous overnight. After that, he led the Knicks to their fifth straight victory. The Associated Press called Lin\"the most surprising story in the NBA.\"Knicks fans developed the nickname for him\"linsanity\" .Time magazine released its 2012 list of the 100\"Most Influential People in the World\",Jermy Lin included. \n Answer: To give a brief introduction to Lin's road to an outstanding basketball player.",
            "output": [
                "What might be the author's purpose in writing the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-baa9b18054504443b0639f6cf8f74cc4",
            "input": "Article: Careercast.com is out with its list of best and worst jobs of 2012. It's bad news for the writer of this story, but much brighter for the folks who program the code that keeps this website busy. Using a method that looked at physical demands, work environment, income, stress and hiring outlook, career Website Careercast.com, ranked the top 200 jobs. They also ranked the jobs with the most stress. Not surprisingly, none of the most stressful jobs show up on the best jobs list. At the top is software engineer and at the bottom is the lumberjack. Cutting trees failed to skate above the bottom 10 percent in all ranking categories, except income. \"Unemployment for lumberjacks is very high, and the demand for their services is expected to continue to fall through 2016. And while working outside all day may seem like a great job perk , being a lumberjack not only is considered the worst job, but also one of the world's most dangerous,\" according to Careercast.com. And, for that most dangerous job, a lumberjack earns a little more than $32,000 a year. That's about $56,000 less than the easy job of a software engineer, which has the average salary at $88,000 a year, according to Careercast. Here's a complete look at the best and worst jobs. And, take a look at the most stressful jobs. You may be surprised. Best Jobs                     Worst Jobs             Most Stressful Jobs Software Engineer                   Lumberjack              Enlisted Soldier Actuary                         Dairy Farmer                Firefighter Human Resources Manager         Enlisted Military Soldier       Airline Pilot Dental Hygienist                    Oil Rig Worker         Military General Financial Planner                   Reporter (Newspaper)        Police Officer Audiologist                     Waiter/Waitress         Event Coordinator Occupational Therapist              Meter Reader                Public Relations Executive Online Advertising Manager          Dishwasher              Corporate Executive Computer Systems Analyst          Butcher                 Photojournalist Mathematician                       Broadcaster             Taxi Driver \n Answer: Job-hunters.",
            "output": [
                "Who might be most interested in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-adf591da43774868b3682789d4601739",
            "input": "Article: George Zinunerman's first court appearance before a Florida judge came on Tuesday inconnection with the shooting of 17-year-old Trayvon Martin. The case has caused a national debate in the United States about race, self-defense laws and gun control. It was the first time the public had gotten to see and hear from George Zimmerman. The judge said he had found probable cause to move ahead with the case and told Zimmerman he would be formally charged on May 29th. Zimmerman turned himself into authorities on Wednesday night,just before special prosecutor Angela Corey announced the charge against him. Corey told reporters she would fight for Trayvon Martin\" \"It's the victims and justice that we work tirelessly for,\"Corey said Zimmerman says he shot Martin in self-defense after spotting the teenager in a gated com-munity where Martin's father lives. He told police Martin attacked him during a conflict. The shooting caused a national cry led by Martin's parents who insisted their son was murdered They also accused Zimmerman of targeting their son because he was black. \"We just wanted an arrest and we got it.\"Trayvon Martin's mother Fulton said. Many in SanforD.Florida-the city where the shooting took place-welcomed the charge. \"All of us were wanting this to move on and get to this process where it is now into the justice system.\"one man said \"It~long overdue and I am glad they decided to do something,\"another said.Police did not initially charge Zimmerman with a crime because of a Florida law that says a person has a right to stand his or her ground and meet force with force. Prosecutor Coreysays,\"I'm prepared to argue the issue if Zimmerman uses the self-defense law in count.\" Mark O'MarA. Zimmerman's lawyer, would not make his plan publiC. but he said hisclient was worried about the trial. \"If found guilty of the second-degree murdercharge, Zimmerman could face up to life in prison,\"O'Mara said \n Answer: Because George Zimmerman would be sentenced to life in prison.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the case draw so much attention around the US?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bae7d22365f547c8b83a8ccc99c7b007",
            "input": "Article: It seems that there is no middle ground when it comes to cats. People either love them or hate them. These feelings are not new either. All through history, cats have been worshiped or hated. A study of ancient writings and evidence found in tombs indicates that for the past 5,000 years, cats have been kept as pets in China, Arabia, Egypt, and India. However, this isn't very long compared to dogs, which have been domesticated for 50,000 years. Still, while the period in which cats have been domesticated may be quite short, it has definitely had its high and low points. Cats were at their highest position of domesticated life in ancient Egypt. There were more cats living in Egypt during the time of the pharaohs than in any other place in the world since that time. This high number of cats was probably due to the laws protecting them. Cats were associated with the moon goddess, Bast, so the Egyptians worshiped them as holy animals. If anyone was caught killing a cat, the person could be put to death. Families in Egypt also mourned the death of a cat and had the body of the dead cat wrapped in cloth before it was finally laid to rest. This respect for cats carried over to the Roman Empire where cats were the only animals allowed into temples. This fact was probably due to the ability of cats to keep the temples free of mice and rats. With the coming of the Dark Ages in Europe, the place of cats in society took a turn for the Empire, Christians began to associate cats with pegan   beliefs. Cats had a reputation as helpers of witches. When a person was accused of being a witch, a cat would often be put on trial with the person. The cat would be tortured  to try and make the person tell the truth, and usually the cat and the person would end up being burned in a bonfire or drowned. Bonfires of collected cats were not uncommon during this time. The days of hunting witches have ended, but other myths about cats still hold out. For a while, people in some places used to bury live cats under new buildings for good luck. As well, many people today continue to believe that black cats bring bad luck. If a black cat walks in front of a person, that person must take extra care in the near future to watch out for dangerous situations. Regardless of superstition , cats remain a popular pet today. Some cat experts believe that a cat never truly be domesticated because it may turn wild and run away at any time. However, this claim has not put people off keeping cats in their homes. A third of homes in the United States have cats, and one out of every three of these homes keeps both a dog and a cat. Especially in large cities, many people in small apartments have found that cats make much better pets than dogs. Cats may not be worshiped as gods any more, but there are people who seem to think of their cat as their children. These cat owners will do almost anything to keep their pets healthy and happy. For those cat owners who have always wondered what their pets are trying to tell them, a Japanese company may have come up with the perfect invention. In 2003, the Takara Company announced the Meowlingual, a cat translation device. The Meowlingual uses a microphone, display, and cat voice analyzer to analyze a cat's meows to determine which of 200 phrases a cat is trying to say. According to a company spokesperson, \"... cat owners all over the world have been telling Takara, ' We want a cat translator!'\" Now, the company \"is making their dream come true by bringing in a new era of communication between cat lovers and their pets.\" \n Answer: the evolution of different species of cats",
            "output": [
                "Which of these is NOT discussed in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f281214b3c054ffdac4920e49c5f194b",
            "input": "Article: Family traditions were important in our house, and one was more appreciated than our annual trip to the woods for the perfect Christmas tree. \"Dad, can we watch when you trim  it?\" my eldest son ,John ,asked on the way home. \"I won't be cutting this year,\" my husband said.\" You and your brother Dan are old enough to measure things, fit the tree to the stand and do it by yourselves. Think you boys can handle it?\" They seemed to _ in their chairs at the thought of such an amazing responsibility. \"We can handle it,\" Dan promised. We won't let you down.\" A few days before Christmas, Dan and John rushed in after school. They gathered the tools they'd need and brought them out of yard, where the tree waited. I left the older boys to their work and brought David inside for his early supper. A moment later I heard the happy sounds as the boys carried the trees into the living room. Then I heard the sound become dead silence. I hurried out to them. The tree was too short. John crossed his arm tight across his chest. His eyes were filled with angry tears. The tree was central to our holiday, but it was not what I worried about. I didn't want the boys to feel ashamed every time they looked at it. We had a terrible problem on our hands. I couldn't lower the ceiling, and I couldn't raise the floor either. There was no way to repair the damage. If I couldn't fix the problem, maybe I could get creative with it. A thought came to my mind, which turned to the solution. I followed them back into the living room.. \"We can't make the tree taller,\" I said. \"But we can put it on a higher position.\"  Dan turned his head sideways, measuring the distance with his eyes . \"We can put it on the coffee table and put the lights and decorations on before we lift it up . Thus, we won't need a ladder. It just might work! Let's try it!\" When my husband got home and looked at the big tree on top of the coffee table, Dan and John held their breath. \"What a good idea!\" he declared, as if the boys had gone beyond all his expectations. \"Why didn't I ever think of such a thing ?\" John broke into a grin. Dan's chest swelled with pride. David squealed. \n Answer: The writer's husband",
            "output": [
                "Who trimmed the Christmas trees this year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4a630140cf4a47e4ba37df5b26a896b0",
            "input": "Article: Xinhua News Agency-The International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2013, organized by the Chinese Society of Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, opened in Wuhan, on Oct 24. More than 300 energy experts, scholars and businessmen from countries and areas including the United States, Japan, the EU, Australia, South Africa, Thailand, Nigeria, Arab and China are attending the three-day academic conference on the world's energy problems. Professor Zheng Chuguang, from the School of Energy and Power Engineering at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, gave a speech on the development of oxygen fuel technology in China, and said that settling the problem of cost ranks highest. George Saxon, vice-president of Conco Systems Inc, US, presented a report on the topic of Energy Engineer to Shape the Future. He said that the company's research and innovation   are of great significance for the future and already contribute to reducing costs and improving efficiency  . Professor Didier Mayer from the Ecole des Mines de Paris, France, spoke about \"Wind Energy R&D Line Based on the Global Renewable Energy Status\", and Professor Yasuo Koizumi of Shinshu University in Japan and Li Chun-Zhu of Curtin University of Technology in Australia also gave speeches at the conference. The academic meetings are expected to cover topics from various fields. In addition, the participants will discuss the most advanced academic research around the world, the latest progress and development trends in the various fields. The conference has attracted 232 academic papers, with 176 papers from China, and 56 from abroad. \n Answer: Experts from companies.",
            "output": [
                "Who probably attended the meeting?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d3c2ee5768554beebdb68ea5b2a516a6",
            "input": "Article: Here are some of the strangest buildings in the world. Please look at them and tell us your impressions. Stone House, Portugal The stone house in Portugal is really similar to the famous home of the Flintstones (<<>> ). It is built between two rocks and its architecture  has impressed some of the greatest architects. The house was attacked by some bad people. The house is pretty comfortable inside, with a fireplace and every- thing necessary, so it is a wonderful example of modern architecture in Stone Age style! Dancing Building, Czech Republic The Dancing House, or \"Fred and Ginger\", is situated in Prague, the Czech Republic. It is an amazing masterpiece of architecture which has its own romantic charm. There is something so sweet in the way the buildings hug each other for a dance! It has become a symbol of the city! The Crooked   House, Poland The crooked house in Poland has an extraordinary and amazing structure. It was built in 2003 with its design based on the pictures of Jan Marcin Szancer and Per Dahlberg. It looks as if it has been taken from a cartoon: its design is \"crooked\", but it is balanced, so it is not ugly at all, just strange! The interesting part is how builders managed to create this genius idea, but the house is a fact and everyone admires their creativity! Habitat 67, Montreal, Canada Habitat 67 in Canada is a very interesting arrangement of cubes,which looks like the building blocks that children play with. It is pretty interesting how it was designed -- it looks so original, and at the same time the building is completely stable  and comfortable for living! It was created as a main attraction for Expo  67, where it was officially exposed! \n Answer: They are both examples of great architecture.",
            "output": [
                "What is a common feature of the Stone Houseand the Dancing Building?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f2e29b55046c4f8a9aef4a4b37f9da39",
            "input": "Article: Thirty years ago not many people would have dreamed of doing the repairs and decorations in their own homes. In those days labor was fairly cheap and most people would have thought it worthwhile to employ a professional painter and decorator, unless of course they were either very hand up or were in the trade themselves. Today, however, it is quite a different story. Men and women in all walks of life turn their hands to all sorts of jobs round the house including painting, papering, putting up shelves and wall units, and tiling walls and floors. Some people with no professional training of any kind have even successfully built their own houses. These jobs have been made easier today by the introduction of prepared materials, which require the minimum amount of skill to use. In every high street throughout Britain nowadays there is at least one \"Do-It-Yourself\" shop containing a vast range of timber, tiles, paints, wallpapers and floor coverings besides tools of every description including power drills and many accessories. \"Do-It-Yourself\" is a booming business; all these shops do a roaring trade and look like continuing to do so. Probably the main reason for the craze is the high cost of present-day labor and the shortage of building firms willing to do small jobs. \n Answer: Because professional workers were very cheap.",
            "output": [
                "Why did people employ professional workers to decorate homes thirty years ago?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5613be8ad26743aa9f6730c030e7f4c2",
            "input": "Article: Many people _ , only to find out that they are not ready for a pet. This often results in the dog being turned over to a shelter where it may not find another home. This can be avoided if potential pet owners take the time to figure out if they are truly ready for the responsibilities of pet ownership. Being a responsible pet owner involves a financial commitment that goes beyond buying dog food. There are also parasite   prevention, boarding costs while traveling and the cost to care for the pet should it become ill or injured. That is not to say that one must be rich in order to have a dog, but it is important to be prepared for the expenses that come with being a pet owner. Another consideration is the time commitment. An owner away from home for 14 hours every day is not an ideal situation for a dog. A potential dog owner must also consider the time it takes to care for his or her pet, the time it takes to feed, walk, play with, bathe and clean up. Also, dogs require attention. Be prepared to spend time each day petting and playing with it. Dogs are dogs, and will act like dogs. This includes barking, digging, having accidents in the house and, possibly, destroying some of the owner's prized possessions, such as furniture, shoes and cell phones. If the above would cause an owner to want to get rid of the dog, then he or she is not yet ready to be a pet owner. Many wonderful pets end up in shelters simply because they acted like dogs! \n Answer: Kari, a teacher who works eight hours a day.",
            "output": [
                "Who might be qualified to be a dog owner, according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d43ae1a661dd4f51a58576c6b177de37",
            "input": "Article: As most university students are packing their bags,boarding trains or flying home for the Spring Festival,some will stay behind to spend the holiday on campus. Zhou Yunyun,22,a senior finance major at Jilin University,has decided that instead of traveling to Hainan province,he will kill the time by playing computer games with his online friends. \"I'm used to chatting and playing with them every day.It's just fun to make friends this way,\"he said.\"When I returned home in past years,my relatives always asked me a lot of questions about my plans after graduation.They had high expectations of me,which made me feel stressed,\" said Zhou. The campus,usually lively,will probably turn into a death town,with most restaurants,shops and student centers closed during the break.But there are also a few advantages,according to Jia Debao,2 1,a junior majoring in administration at China Agricultural University.\"I might feel a bit lonely,but at least I can stay away from my parents' complaining and enjoy the peaceful and quiet stay,\" he said.\"More importantly,I can enjoy the high speed of the Internet,I can always find empty seats in classrooms,and I don't have to wait to use the bathroorm\" But education experts recommend students who stay on campus to come up with more interactive plans.That's because communication on the Internet can't replace real life interpersonal relationships. Society has promoted a kind of\" _ \" or close-in culture among some young people, according to Shi Tongyu, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. He warned that this kind of lifestyle can damage students' mental and physical development. \"When you constantly stare at a computer screen and type on your keyboard,you gradually lose the ability to socialize and survive normally,\"said Shi.\"A human's most important task is to survive,which cannot be completed by staying at home all the time. Instead,it must be achieved through real life experience and communication.\" \n Answer: He will spend the Spring Festival with on-line friends.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about Zhou Yunyun?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-add5159bb3d24bababb6930e534e8b29",
            "input": "Article: It was an early September day, cool and bright and just right for running, and I was in the first few miles of a lO-knownmile race over a course with a few high hills. Still, I felt energetic; despite the hills it was going to be a fine run. Just ahead of me was Peggy Mimno, a teacher from Mount Kiseo, New York. She too was running easily, moving along at my speed. The pace felt comfortable, so I decided to stay where I was; why pay attention to pace when she was setting such a nice one? I'd overtake  her later on when she tired. So I ran behind her. The course headed north for miles, wandered west for a hilly mile, then turned south again along a winding road. The race was getting harder. We had four miles left and already it was beginning to be real work. Peggy overtook a young runner. She seemed to know him, for they exchanged a few cheerful words as she passed him. Their exchange worried me. You don't chat during a race unless you feeling good, and Peggy plainly was. Still, I was close enough to overtake her if she tired, so I didn't give up hope completely. We were getting nearer to a long, punishing hill now and it would be the test. We were a mile from the finish line, so whatever happened on the hill would almost determine who crossed it first. As I moved up the hill, my attention wandered for a few minutes. When I looked up, Peggy was moving away--first five yards, then ten, then more. Finally it was clear that there was no help of catching her. She beat me soundly. There is an important lesson in that race. Women are thought to be weaker, slower and not nearly as skilled in sport. Yet as Peggy Mimno so clearly showed, the similarities between men and women runners are more important than differences. I have run with a number of women, and I can say it is often hard work. \n Answer: It would be an easy race.",
            "output": [
                "What did the writer think of the race in the beginning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cda77bee74494c4bb89fdd5875c6c96c",
            "input": "Article: A gentleman stopped his car at the door of a flower shop. He planned to order flowers and asked the shopkeeper to  _ them to his mother, who was far away in his hometown. The gentleman saw a little girl crying on the road before he entered the shop. He asked her: \"Why are you crying?\" \"I want to buy a rose for my mother, but I haven't got enough money,\" said the girl. The gentleman took the girl's hand and entered the flower shop. He first ordered the bouquet   for his mother and bought a rose for the girl. When he was walking out of the shop, the gentleman asked the girl if she would like a ride home. \"Will you really drive me home?\" she asked. \"Of course,\" the gentleman replied. \"Then drive me to my mother. But the place where my mother lives is very far.\" The gentleman drove along the mountain road and finally came to the cemetery  . The little girl put the flower onto a new grave  . In order to send a rose to her mother who had died a month before, she had gone on a very long journey. The gentleman drove the girl to her home and then returned to the flower shop. He cancelled the bouquet and bought a big bunch   of fresh flowers instead. He drove directly to his mother's home, a five-hour drive from here. He would send the flowers to his mother in person. \n Answer: Because she couldn't afford a rose.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the little girl crying?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-56425c7573cd42fe8834493a2bf09408",
            "input": "Article: Roger Rolls was the first black governor in the history of New York State, USA. He was born in one of New York's notorious  slums. The children born here rarely did decent work after they grew up. However, Roger Rolls was an exception, for he was not only admitted to the university, but also he became a governor. At his inaugural  press conference, a reporter asked him, \"What made you become the governor?\" Faced with more than 300 journalists, Rolls did not mention his struggle but only spoke of his primary school schoolmaster---Pierre Paul. In 1961, Pierre Paul was engaged as the director and principle of Nobita Primary School. When he entered this school, he found the children here didn't cooperate with the teachers. Pierre thought up many ways to guide them, but none was effective. Later, he found these children were very superstitious , so when he gave lectures, he added a program of palm reading as a means of fortune-telling, with which he encouraged the students. When Rolls Jumped from the hathpace   and walked to the platform with his small hands stretched out, Pierre Paul said, \"As soon as I see your slender little fingers, I know you will be the governor of New York State in future.\" At that moment, Rolls was shocked because only his grandmother inspired him once, saying that he could become the governor of New York State, so he remembered that remark and believed him. From that day on, the \"New York State Governor\" was like a banner that constantly inspired him to study energetically and make progress. Rolls no longer stained his clothes with mud, nor did he speak in foul   language. He began to straighten his back when he was walking. In the next more than 40 years, he demanded himself according to the identity of a governor. At the age of 51, he finally became the governor of New York State. Put up a banner of faith for yourself and you will have the drive to struggle and the vitality of life. \n Answer: Pierre Paul's and his grandmother's encouragement.",
            "output": [
                "In terms of Roger Rolls' success, what did he mention made him become the governor of New York State?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f2d6755d51ad4713ba907783cb7571a6",
            "input": "Article: All parents tell their children little white lies from time to time. \"Of course Father Christmas comes down the chimney!\" \"Eat your spinach -- you'll get as strong as Popeye.\". . . and so on. However, there's one fib that's bigger than all the others. It's \"I don't have a favorite child.\" In his fascinating new book, The Sibling Effect: What Bonds Among Brothers and Sisters Reveal About Us, Jeffrey Kluger, a father of two daughters, aged eight and ten, claims that \" 95 percent of parents in the world have a favorite child -- and the other 5 percent are lying.\" Kluger may be exaggerating the figures for dramatic effect -- but despite every parent's vehement denial that they have a favorite child -- scientific research shows that he is not far off the truth.  According to one recent study by researchers from the University of California -- which followed 384  _ pairs and their parents for three years -- 65 percent of the mothers and 70 percent of fathers exhibited a preference for one child. As this was among families that knew they were being monitored, there's a strong possibility the true figures could be significantly higher. Favoritism is certainly a controversial topic. When raised as a subject for discussion on parenting websites, it always arouses a stream of angry denials.  But interestingly, a lot of personal anecdotes appear from parents who say they were overshadowed by a favored sibling, or were, indeed, their mother or father's favorite. It seems everyone knows favoritism exists -- but nobody wants to put their hand up and say they're guilty of it themselves.  Another research, where siblings have been asked to say who their mother and father favor, suggests that mothers do tend to a show a preference for their first-born son, but fathers often dote on their youngest daughters.   Parents will often be drawn to the child who is easiest to get along with -- or the child that shares similar traits to them. For example, mum will have a special bond with her sensitive, arty son, while dad lavishes attention on his sporty daughter.  Professor Scott says being least favored in a family can color1 our behavior as adults. \"Children who feel they are less loved within their family are more likely to develop low self-esteem, anxiety and depression.\" But some experts believe being less favored can have positive consequences. Professor Scott agrees that favored children can sometimes find life difficult when they have to rub along in the real world. \n Answer: Thank you so much for the gift! I just love it!",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is most likely a white lie?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2fdeb6a410304f32a2155c2b9bef97b2",
            "input": "Article: When I was seven years old my mom was diagnosed with cancer. The doctors told us my mom might be saved with surgery. But it could also kill her. She chose to have it. The day before the surgery I was off school, and my mom planned the best day of my life, everything I loved at seven and everything that would put a smile on my face. The day began with her waking me up saying, \"Kate, I have a surprise for you. Come and see.\" The surprise was a doll I had wanted for the longest time. Throughout the day, she told me everything that she thought I would need to know to grow up and be a good person; she told me to be the best I could be and that I would always make her proud. We had a picnic in the park, and it was so cold that we moved to the car. The day was filled with laughter. For the first time in a long time I could see she was really happy. I would never forget her smile, or the way her eyes shone as if we were the same age. It was the best day of my life, and I will never forget the conversations we shared. My mother managed to live through the surgery. Now when I look back, I realize that the best day of my life could be her last and this could be the last day I would remember with her, the last one we shared. I also understand how unselfish a mother is. \n Answer: The patient.",
            "output": [
                "Who made the decision to have the surgery in the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ea864fddd9be4b15a43b564c744a687d",
            "input": "Article: Arthur sat at the desk in his room, pencil in hand. He had to write a story for his English class by Friday. \"! don't know what to write about, \" he complained to his dog Toby, who was asleep at his feet. Arthur was talkative when speaking to his friends, yet he had trouble finding words when he had to write. By bedtime Arthur had drawn a picture of Toby smiling. He had drawn a tree with its branches blowing in the strong wind. He had also written a note asking his friend Lee to go to the movies on Saturday. But he had not written a single word of his story. On Wednesday, Mrs. Solomon, Arthur's English teacher, asked the class to turn in the first draft of their stories. His heart sinking, Arthur turned in the only work he had--the page with his name, the drawings and the note. Arthur wasn't surprised when Mrs. Solomon asked him to stay after class the next day. But he was surprised by what she said to him. \" This is an attractive story, Arthur. The dog, the movie, the tree in the wind--I can't wait to find out how they all fit together. \" \"That isn't my story, Mrs. Solomon, \" Arthur admitted. \"I haven't been able to think of one yet. \" \"Oh, I think you have the seed   of a story there, \" Mrs. Solomon replied, \"Look at your note and the pictures and see if a story comes to you. \" That night Arthur sat at his desk, and this is what he wrote: \"One Saturday Mike went downstairs to meet his friend Julio at the cinema. It looked as if it might rain, so Mike carried his umbrella. Suddenly a big storm blew in, bending the trees. The noise of the wind sounded like the barking of Mike's dog Toby. Toby really hated storms and barked whenever he wanted to be let inside. Then Mike realized that it wasn't the sound of the wind. It was Toby. The dog was running after him down the busy street, barking. The sound was filled with blame. Mike felt guilty because he had left Toby outside. He turned and headed home with Toby running beside him. Mike let Toby in the door just as the rain started to pour down. \" Arthur had a story in the end. The last thing he did was to write his name proudly at the top of the page. \n Answer: Because he had difficulty in writing a story.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Arthur turn in the page with only his name, the drawings and the note at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3daa31c3e373484e9c05802b89a72f67",
            "input": "Article: Providing a highquality education for all children is important to America's economic future.President Obama has decided to provide every child with access to a complete and competitive education,from cradle  through career. The years before a child reaches kindergarten are among the most _ in his or her life to influence learning.The President will urge states to introduce high standards across all publicly funded early learning settings,develop new programs to improve opportunities and outcomes,engage parents in their child's early learning and development,and improve the early education workforce. President Obama will reform America's public schools to deliver a 21st century education that will prepare all children for success in the new global workplace.He will push to end the use of ineffective,\"offtheshelf\" tests,and support new,stateoftheart assessment and responsibility systems that provide timely and useful information about the learning and progress of students. Teachers are the single most important resource to children's learning.President Obama will invest in a national effort to reward outstanding teachers,while enlisting the best and brightest in the field of teaching.And he will challenge State and school districts to remove ineffective teachers from the classroom. The President believes that investment in education must be accompanied by reform and innovation  .He supports the expansion of highquality charter schools  .He has challenged States to lift limits that stop growth among successful charter schools and has encouraged strict responsibility for all charter schools. President Obama has decided to ensure that America will regain its lost ground and have the highest proportion of students graduating from college in the world by 2020.The President believes that regardless of educational path after high school,all Americans should enroll in at least one year of higher education or job training to better prepare our workforce for the 21st century economy. To reach these goals,the President has decided to increase higher education access and success by restructuring and greatly expanding college financial aid,while making federal programs simpler,more reliable,and more efficient for students. \n Answer: To offer all children a full and good education.",
            "output": [
                "What's President Obama's idea about education?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f39453b5b64b40fb89f08092858768e0",
            "input": "Article: It took 100 years, but finally, scientists proved Albert Einstein's theory that gravitational waves exist. The waves were predicted as part of Einstein's general theory of relativity nearly 100 years ago. It was the theory of the physics behind the workings of our world and the universe. The idea was that the waves are like ripples in space, caused by some of the violent and energetic processes in the universe. For example, two black holes crashing into each other. Now a group of scientists, including ones from Caltech, MIT and the LIGO Scientific, Collaboration finally found the gravitational waves. David Reitze is the executive director of the LIGO observatory at Caltech. \"We have detected gravitational waves. We did it!\" What are these gravitational waves? Well, imagine throwing a rock into a pond. When the rock hits the flat surface of the water, it creates ripples or waves. Space-time is like the surface of the water. So that means gravitational waves are like the ripples moving out from where the rock hits the water. It might be hard to understand, but those gravitational waves expand and contract space and time as they move through space. And when they get to the Earth, the waves pass through, and they contract and expand the planet as the waves go by. It was Einstein who said these gravitational waves should be observable. But these are not huge waves. They are very, very small, which is why it took so long to find them. You cannot see them with your eyes. They are smaller than the size of an atom. How did the scientists find them? They used a giant scientific tool called LIGO, which stands for the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory. The billion-dollar LIGO project is two L-shaped observatories. One is in Louisiana and the other in Washington state. For years, scientists have been watching two black holes in another faraway galaxy. The two were spinning around each other, moving closer and closer together. When they finally crashed into each other, it was with such power and force that gravitational waves rang throughout the universe, like a giant bell. Those waves, traveling at the speed of light, finally reached the Earth, some l. 3 billion years later. They are the same waves that the scientists announced this past week. So, what does this discovery mean? Our understanding of the heavens changed dramatically. \n Answer: About the workings of the universe.",
            "output": [
                "What are gravitational waves about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b4f012de2d344ed8818e0bfb5b013925",
            "input": "Article: When foreigners come to Chengdu, a good alternative is to get around by taking the bus. Once getting used to going by bus, you will discover that it is actually not that bad. Although a ride usually covers two or twenty stops, a bus ride costs RMB 2 in Chengdu. It is important to carry enough small money with you, because it is not usual to get back changes. Even though it is cheap, you can pay less and save some trouble if you get a RMB 25 bus card at your local pharmacy, Hongqi Chain Store or bus station terminal office--note that personal identification is needed. Explain to the worker that you want to purchase a bus card. With this card, one bus drive costs only RMB 1 if you use a card based on frequency of your ride. If your card is based on the so called E-purse, you pay each time RMB 1.80 for the bus. If you require the use of subway, you can ask the cashier at the Hongqi Chain Store to activate the metro. After having your bus card, you can store money on your travel card. The fees for bus and metro have to be stored separately. It is important to keep in mind that the money on the card does not overlap. For example, you charge 40 bus rides on the card, but you only used 20 during the month, the rest 20 will be invalid at the beginning of the next month and you have to recharge the card. Therefore, it is important to calculate the exact numbers of bus rides you will have to take. After you have your own bus card, one swipe is only needed when you get on the bus at the front door. If you only manage to get on the bus at the back door, just ask the passengers to pass your card to the front and swipe it for you. With the bus card, you can transfer buses for fee if the travel time is within two hours. Furthermore, it is to stress that you should keep an eye on your belongings while being on the bus. Generally, Chengdu is a safe place but most of the thefts are occurring on buses, at train stations or crowded large area, like the shopping street Chunxi Road. Due to the fact that the place names are announced in Chinese, it is better to know the Chinese name of your destination. Even though there are announcements in English, they will sound like the following: \"The next stop is Jinjiang Binguan (Jinjiang Hotel)\" \n Answer: RMB 0.2 will be saved each time if you use E-purse rather than cash on the bus.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true when taking the bus in Chengdu?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-576a6820f69b42e5b4f1b2702f47b79c",
            "input": "Article: By Road Around the World Nickname: Walker Email: ragwani@hotmail.com When to travel: May 2011-Aug 2011 Who am I: I am 55. From my childhood, have this dream to go around the world by hitch hiking. However this is now changed and I want to go by road. My travel plans: Going throughout the world and study various people, culture, habits. Who am I looking for: A female companion, and she must have similar interest as me. Just for fun Nickname: Stream Email: qrutta@yahoo.co.uk When to travel: Jan 2011-Dec 2011 Who am I: Young slim girl, looking to see Asia with anyone who wants to travel. My travel plans: I most prefer a white man in his late30's to have fun with me as he travels either on business or leisure trips Whom am I looking for: Someone who is honest, friendly; good sense of humor, adventurous. 22yr old Australian looking for travel companion Nickname: Angela Email: alyssia _ europe@hotmail.com When to travel: March 2011 Who am I: a lovely girl, with fun, honest, caring. My travel plans: I will be traveling to Europe cities, then the world! Who am I looking for:  An extremely fun and entertaining male/female, middle-aged, someone that I can enjoy every travel moment with. Fun and maybe more Nickname: Sunnygirl Email: sunnygirl2008@yahoo.com When to travel: Jun2011-Aug2011 Who am I: Slender African girl in her late 20's. Quite charming, loving, pretty,fun to be with. My travel plans: Nothing in mind for sure, just looking to come with you. Whom am I looking for: Looking for a white male between 40-50 years, someone who is full of energy and lively. \n Answer: By road.",
            "output": [
                "What way would Walker like to choose for his travel this time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-92cbd27759554e0fbd1d329fe27e4bad",
            "input": "Article: Chinese media and Internet users on Monday condemned lack of morals in society after a toddler was struck twice -by two different vans-and left bleeding on the road as more than a dozen bystanders did nothing to help the seriously injured girl. The incident, captured by a surveillance camera and broadcast by Southern Television Guangdong (TVS),showed the two-year-old girl was knocked down and run over by a white van on a narrow market street on the afternoon of Oct.13,in Foshan City of Guangdong Province. The driver fled the scene of the accident,leaving the girl to bleed on the sidewalk.Over the next six minutes,more than a dozen people walked by the girl,yet not one individual did anything to help her.The girl was then hit a second time by another van before an elderly trash collector came to her aid and brought the attention of the girl's  mother,according to the video and eyewitnesses. Doctors said that the girl,who was put on life support after being hospitalized,remains in a deep coma.The girl's parents,who are migrants living in the city,are now with her. Police said the drivers of both vehicles have been arrested.However,the apathy of the bystanders shown in the video has shocked the public,as Internet forums have seethed with anger, and people are questioning the morality of society. High moral standards were once triumphed as national pride in China where individuals known for selflessly helping others were adored by the public. But in recent years,the perception of a decline of morals has become a hot topic as profit and materialism are perceived to be affecting society's values. On Sept.2 an 88-year-old man in central China collapsed,his face striking the pavement.Yet,no one came to his aid,and he ended up choking to death on the blood from his nose. Some have linked the absence of good Samaritans  to a previous case in which a man trying to help an elderly woman who fell was accused of harming her. A strong chorus of opinion on the Internet says laws should exempt Samaritans from liability ,yet laws themselves cannot solve society's  morality dilemma. Cao Lin,a China Youth Daily commentator,said in a signed article published on Monday that the worry of liability should not be an excuse for not helping,and this case exposes the decline of humanity in Chinese society. \n Answer: The public would feel proud of him/ her and thus showed love and respect for him/ her",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage,what would happen if someone helped others selflessly in the past?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ffe6858d6e90479d92ae5dfed01aef57",
            "input": "Article: The wedding between Prince Wiliam and Kate Middleton on April 29 has focused the world's camera lenses   on the UK. In Britain, there is a constant debate about the relevance  of the royal family to modern British society. However, Windsor (the family name of the British Royal Family) and Middleton have been seen to represent a more modern, forward-looking nation. Nigel Baker, the British ambassador to Bolivia, believes that the royal wedding is \"about modern   Britain\". \"The estimated 2 billion spectators across the world will see that Britain is one of the most culturally and ethnically diverse nations in the world, home to 270 nationalities speaking 300 different languages, founded on tolerance and respect for difference,\" wrote Baker on his blog. According to Baker, the wedding could help viewers to see \"why Britain is one of the most dynamic and creative countries in the world\": The television on which most people watched the event was invented by John Logie Baird, a Briton, and the World Wide Web that broadcast the event to millions more was invented by another Briton, Tim Berners-Lee. The guests who attended the wedding ceremony gave more than a few clues as to the nature of modern Britain. David and Victoria Beckham represent Britain's obsession  with football and celebrity. Leaders from different religious backgrounds supported Baker's comments on the multicultural nature of modern British society. Before the wedding, David Elliott, arts director of the British Council China, agreed that the wedding would be a showcase for modern Britain: \"I think, and hope, that it (modern British influence) would be values like openness, multiculturalism, creativity, sense of humor and the traditional British sense of fair play,\" he said. Furthermore, events such as the Olympics in London in 2012 may also increase people's sense of Britishness. According to a poll published in Daily Telegraph, more than a third of people in the UK admitted they felt \"very British\" when watching the Olympics. \n Answer: To comment on the significance of the royal wedding.",
            "output": [
                ".  What is the point of the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11aa12b7d6f246daa0bba964da392b4b",
            "input": "Article: The expression \"a thirst for knowledge\" may soon have a new meaning for millions of people who have no way to get clean water. Researchers have developed a book with specially treated pages that can turn dirty water into clean and drinkable water. They say their invention could improve the lives of many in the developing world. About 700 million people around the world are at risk of disease or even death because their drinking water is not clean. The water is polluted by harmful bacteria. The book contains 25 pages. Each page is about one millimeter thick. The pages contain very small particles   of silver. The pages can be used as filters to remove harmful microorganisms   that can pollute drinking water. The filter kills the organisms that pass through it. Pictures on the pages show the dangers of dirty water and how to use the book for those unable to read. The pages are made of filter paper. They are designed to be torn from the book. Water can be poured through the paper to be cleaned. Ms. Dankovich, the inventor, says each page can treat up to 100 liters of water. She recently presented her invention at the meeting of the American Chemical Society in Boston, Massachusetts. She was asked whether she had considered adding classic literature on the book's pages. \"The idea of classic texts--that's of interest maybe later. We have discussed a little bit more exciting text. But we really haven't had the time to go through _ \" she says. Teri Dankovich and another researcher tested the drinkable book in Bangladesh, Ghana and South Africa. The tests proved to be successful. Water for Life, a non-governmental organization, has provided financial support for the project. \n Answer: It has pages with several functions.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about the book from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eb6715ac70e3444dbc2f9d1e1749a4fa",
            "input": "Article: The human brain contains ten thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software or by altering the architecture but that two will happen. I think it is certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon's long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe. As the intelligence of robots increased to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands of millions of people, will be within our power. \n Answer: By reproducing it",
            "output": [
                "In what way can we make a machine intelligent?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b6f585129f14ad58cc75284ad4746e4",
            "input": "Article: When will a plant be considered a weed? Experts have a simple answer: when the undesirable qualities outweigh (,) the good qualities. Crops generally produce several hundred seeds from each plant. By comparison, each weed plant can produce tens or even hundreds of thousands of seeds. And some buried seeds can survive up to forty years or even longer. Eradicating weeds means that you have to remove all the seeds and roots so the weeds will die completely. But birds or the wind can reintroduce them to the land. A common way to deal with weeds is to control them enough so that the land can be used for planting. Experts suggest using more methods to deal with weeds. Chemical weed killers or natural treatments like corn gluten   can suppress weed growth. Bill Curran is a professor of weed science. He says the most efficient method for suppressing weeds is dense planting. Dense planting of a crop can also act as a natural control. A dense and competitive crop that quickly shades the soil will help suppress many weeds. The weed seeds need light to grow, so cutting off sunlight will reduce weed growth. Other controls include turning over the soil, pulling the weeds or covering them with mulch   made of wood, garden waste or other materials. But even mulch has its limits. Natural resource specialists point out that weeds can be transported in mulch. This is also true of soil, grain, hay and animals. Yet animals like sheep or goats eat weeds, so they can provide a biological control. Insects and other organisms can also act as biological controls. Preventing the spread of weeds is an important part of weed management. Farm vehicles should be kept out of areas with weeds. If that is not possible, then clean off the equipment and your shoes when leaving. Some people bum weeds or bury them deep. Experts say the economical way is to make organically rich compost  . On the one hand, the process produces heat which can kill many weed seeds. On the other hand, the compost can be added to the soil to help plants grow. \n Answer: Because weeds have strong ability to live.",
            "output": [
                "Why do people kill all the seeds and roots of weeds?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-58868ef1674e41c5ab918fbde54e69d3",
            "input": "Article: Before I stood on the ground of the largest island in the world I knew only a little about prefix = st1 /Australia. I came here in 2000, I had just heard of Sydney and Melbourne, and I knew koalas and kangaroos were Australian animals. To be frank, _ . When I was sitting on the plane traveling from Beijing to Melbourne, many questions were rolling around in my mind ceaselessly. Will, I a foreigner, be welcomed by the Australian or not? How long will it take me to get used to this wholly new life in this strange land? I stepped out the customs sections at Melbourneairport, aimlessly, like a day-dreamer. I really lacked any confidence. However, my start did not seem so bad. I made my way to find a taxi from the information desk. I found my friend, who lived inMelbourne, very easily. I felt that living inAustraliawas not so difficult, with the help of a taxi driver, as I had imagined. At the end of my first day here inAustraliathough, I had only spoken to a customs officer , a receptionist and a taxi driver. With the time passing day after day , I began to understand this country . The most impressive thing for me is the fresh air , the green grass , and the clear and clean water .Several months later , I realized Australiais a good place for entertainment . There are many sports , games , art exhibitions , music and various cultural festivals fill up everyday Australian life . One of these events attracted me so much that I went to see the international air show held in Laverton Melbourne, and my interest in aircraft was _  Australians are outgoing and friendly . Whenever I meet an Australian face to face , going along the same way as me , most people here will say hello to me . After the first few times this happened , I was affected by this custom , and started to say to people in advance , when I met them . In fact , Australiahas many charming points to me . The exotic animals , the tasty wine , the wonderful coastline , even the Australian English accent ! Every experience I undertake is a great discovery to me . All in all , Australiain my eyes is an ideal country for living . Peace , tranquility (quietness) and friendship are forever repeating themes of this country . I loveAustralia. \n Answer: Because it was an example to show that he knew little about Australia.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer say, \"I was confused and did not know the name of or where the national capital was for a long time .\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dbc2fdebd0434069bdf49c9f2976f022",
            "input": "Article: New research shows that kids from low-income families may be falling behind their peers because an important part of their brains is underdeveloped. Researchers from MIT' s McGovern Institute for Brain Research compared the brains of 12-and 13-year-olds from rich families with the brains of their peers from lower-income families. They found that one particular area of the brain--the neocortex ,which plays a key role in memory and learning ability--is thinner in children from lower-income households. This is a _ part of the brain for young students, who are often tested based on their ability to recall large chunks of information. Children who had a thinner neocortex performed poorly on standardized tests,researchers found.More than 90% of high-income students scored above average on a statewide math and English/Language Arts standardized test,compared with less than 60% of low-income students.Differences in cortical  thickness could account for almost half of the income-achievement gap in this sample,researchers wrote. \"Just as you would expect, there' s a real cost not living in a supportive environment. We can see it not only in test scores,in educational attainment,but within the brains of these children,\"says psychological scientist John Gabrieli,a professor of brain and cognitive sciences at MIT and one of the study's authors. Since a 2011 study published by Stanford University professor Sean Reardon found that the gap between standardized test scores of high-income and low-income students has grown by about 40% since the 1960s,there' s been a lot of research aimed at finding links between income and achievement, rather than race alone. The MIT study found low-income children were equally likely to have a thinner neocortex,no matter their races. Gabrieli and his co-authors can' t say exactly why poor children' s brains develop differently because there are too many possibilities to count.Their findings do,however,underline the importance of early intervention  to ensure that low-income kids get the tools they need to succeed. \n Answer: Poor children have thinner neocortex than their wealthy peers.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57c7a25e06ac40aeb1c44d9a8dd621bd",
            "input": "Article: When a customer came into a Mexican restaurant in Georgia with an unusual request, a selfless waiter didn't hesitate  to help him out. A disabled man with no hands who ordered a meal at Cinco cle Mayo Mexican Grill in Douglasville on Sunday afternoon hoped someone might be able to help him eat his lunch. Server Alex Ruiz, 22, was more than happy to help as he sat opposite from the man and helped him enjoy his meal. The heartwarming moment was captured in a photo by one of Ruiz's workmates, Crystal Figueroa. She posted it on the restaurant's Facebook page. \"He's a great person,\" Figuero, 24, whose father manages the restaurant, said. \"He's always so nice, and the fact that he just came out of nowhere and helped a man he doesn't even know have a meal says everything. That just shows the person that he is. One of Figueroa's friends, Reginald Widener, also witnessed the moment and posted the photo on his Facebook page. \"This seriously hit me right in the soul,\" Widener wrote. The waiters did not get the name of the man. He had never eaten in the restaurant before, according to Figueroa. But Ruiz jumped at the chance to help. \"I just feel like people should see that there're still good people out there,\" Figueroa said. \"It was just a happy moment.\" \n Answer: The man had no hands.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Alex Ruiz help the man eat his lunch?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6def315af4c348bcb9db1bc05f521e1b",
            "input": "Article: Marry me! During the \"Idol\" finale, season 5 singer Ace Young proposed live to season 3 runner up Diana DeGarrno. She was genuinely surprised in one sense but the two have bonded closely since they met on Broadway during a production of\"Hair.\" The first true\"ldol' couple (though others have dated) have already set a wedding date on June  l  of 2013, Ten years and still relevant. Season one winner Kelly Clarkson has survived a decade in the brutal music business with her dignity intact and enough chart-topping songs to generate a greatest hits album at the tender age of 30. Her career is as strong as ever. She sang the \"Star Spangled Banner\" at the Super Bowl. Her song \"Stronger\" was a No. I hit.  She was a mentor on an ABC summer series\"Duets.\" She became engaged to Reba McEntire's stepson in November. All in all, life is good for Clarkson and we as\"Idol\" fans couldn't be more proud. Keep calm and Carrie on! Season four victor Carrie Underwood has now sold more albums than any other \"Idol\" with about 14 million to date. Her current album \"Blown Away\" has generated two top two hits in 2012: \"Good Girl\" and the title track. That makes 15 consecutive top 2 hits on the Billboard country chart over seven years dating back to \"Jesus, Take the Wheel.\" She hosted the CMAs for a fifth year with Brad Paisley. Last month, she landed a role as lead in a remake of\"The Sound of Music.\" She toured to sold-out crowds again, hitting Gwinnett Arena earlier this month, where she thankecl \"Idol\" for getting her to where she's at, something, she certainly no longer needs to do but still does. Class act, that lady. \n Answer: A famous American avenue",
            "output": [
                "What may the ldol probably be?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-903f6c59f8d84d1eb43ed9bdb7b6b4f5",
            "input": "Article: Thousands of taxi drivers in Shenyang, Liaoning province, reportedly blocked streets with their vehicles on Sunday in protest against unlicensed vehicles using taxi-hiring apps  and apps-based car rental companies providing passenger services, including high-end cars. Although the drivers also complained about the withdrawal of the fuel subsidy by the government, their main complaint was the loss of business because of the rising number of Internet-based car services companies. On Wednesday, news reports came that Beijing transport authorities will take measures to stop the illegal \"taxi business\" of private cars through the newly rising Internet apps, following the footsteps of Shenyang and Nanjing.[:Z#xx#k.Com] It is not yet clear how the Shenyang city government will handle the issue and whether it will declare the services offered by market leaders such as Didi Dache, a taxi-hiring app provider backed by Tencent Holdings, and Kuaidi Dache illegal. But Shanghai transport regulators have set a rule, by banning Didi Zhuanche, or car services offered by Didi Dache in December. Such regulations will cause a setback to the car-hiring companies and investors that are waiting to cash in on the potentially booming business. Just last month, Didi Dache got $700 million in funding from global investors, including Singapore state investment company Temasek Holdings, Russian investment company DST Global and Tencent. Besides, the market is uncertain that Kuaidi Dache is about to finalize its latest round of funding after getting $800 million from global investors. Regulatory uncertainties, however, could cast a shadow on the future of the Internet-based car-hiring services, which have become popular in most of China's big cities. To be fair, these companies' business model is anything but bad. For example, Didi Zhuanche works side by side with established car rental companies to provide high-end car service mainly for businesspeople through the Internet and mobile phone apps. Every link in this business model chain has legal companies and services. Hence, it is hard to define it as illegal and ban it. \n Answer: Because they wanted to call on passengers not to hire the private cars.",
            "output": [
                "Why did taxi drivers in Shenyang block the streets with their vehicles?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1bac84331660418f992b81e46f3c1b7f",
            "input": "Article: You might not want a holiday in your hometown, but there is probably someone who does. And, in exchange, you could have a cheap vacation anywhere in the world. Just picture the scene: you're watching the sunset from the balcony of a Caribbean island house. It's large. And it's free as long as you don't mind the owners living in your home at the same time. All you need to be a home-swapper is the Internet and a rough idea of when and where you want to go on holiday. When you find someone whose dates match yours, and who wants to visit your area, you're all set to swap. The advantages are numerous: you can save a fortune in accommodation cost. You could get to use the owners' car, boat, bikes, pool or gym. You might even be able to come to an arrangement about looking after each other's pets! You also get to live like a local, and you might be invited around to neighbors' homes for tea, barbecues and tips on the area. People say that these cultural experiences are the memories that last. Plus, instead of one tiny hotel room, you have an entire house where you can make yourself at home. And it's not cold and impersonal like a hotel room. Of course, there are disadvantages. A lot of effort and communication are needed before the arrangements are finalized. Nobody wants a stranger living in their house, sleeping in their bed and using their bathroom, so you have to get to know each other well beforehand. Some people are concerned about theft or property damage, but in reality this is very rare. Most home-exchangers have the view that \"If they can trust me with their house, I can trust them with mine.\" The worse complaint people have is the difference in standards of cleanness. If you're interested in home-exchange for your next holiday, start by contacting a famous agency like homelink.org and intervac,co.uk. These agencies will also have advice about preparing for a home-exchange. \n Answer: A gathering in his neighborhood.",
            "output": [
                "What will you most probably remember if you have exchanged your home with another?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-85c7c714044149b0a4bde53ac83058c4",
            "input": "Article: Space is where our future is -- trips to the Moon, Mars and beyond. Most people would think that aside from comets  and stars, there is little else out there. But, since our space journey started we have left so much trash  there that scientists are now concerned that if we don't clean it up, we may all be in mortal  danger. The first piece of space junk was created in 1964, when the American satellite Vanguard I stopped operating and lost its connection with the ground center. However, since it kept orbiting around the Earth without any consequences, scientists became increasingly comfortable abandoning  things that no longer served any useful purpose in space. It is estimated  that there are now over 500,000 pieces of man-made trash orbiting the Earth at speeds of up to 17,500 miles per hour. The junk varies from tiny pieces of paint chipped off rockets to cameras, huge fuel tanks, and even odd items like the million-dollar tool kit that astronaut Heidemarie Stefanyshyn Piper lost during a spacewalk. The major problem with the space trash is that it may hit working satellites and damage traveling spacecraft . Moreover, pieces of junk may collide  with each other and break into pieces which fall back to the Earth. To avoid this, scientists have invented several ways for clearing the sky. Ground stations have been built to monitor larger pieces of space trash to prevent them from crashing into working satellites or space shuttles. Future plans include a cooperative effort among many nations to stop littering in space and to clean up the trash already there. \n Answer: A broken satellite.",
            "output": [
                "What was the first piece of man-made space trash?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4096385160cc4d3a9039af33332bce1f",
            "input": "Article: In my mind, there is a moving story about a skinny young boy who loved football with all his heart. Practice after practice, he eagerly gave everything he had. But being half the size of the other boys,he got  ly nowhere. Despite his hard training at all the games, this hopeful athlete sat on the bench and hardly ever played. This teenager lived alone with his father, and the relationship between the two of them was very special. Even though the son was always on the bench, his father was always in the stands cheering. He never missed a game. This young man was still the smallest of the class when he entered high school. But his father continued to encourage him. The young man loved football and was determined to try his best at every practice, and perhaps he'd get to play when he became a senior. All through high school he never missed a practice nor a game but remained a benchwarmer. Besides, his faithful father was always in the stands, always with words of encouragement for him. When the young man went to college, he decided to try out for the football team as a\"walk-on\". Everyone firmly believed that he could never make the cut, but he did. The news that he had survived the cut thrilled him so much that he rushed to the nearest phone and called his father. His father shared his excitement and was sent season tickets for all the college games. This persistent young athlete never missed practice during his four years at college, butactually he never got the real chance to play in a game. It was at the end of his senior football season that the coach met him with a telegram. The young man read the telegram and he became totally silent. Swallowing hard, he mumbled to the coach,\"My father died this morning. Is it all right if I miss practice today?\"The coach put his arm gently around his shoulder and said,\"Take the rest of the week off, son. And don't even plan to come back to the game on Saturday.\" Saturday arrived, and the game was not going well. In the third quarter, when the team was ten points behind, a silent young man quietly slipped into the empty locker room and put on his football gear. As he ran onto the sidelines , the coach and his players were surprised to see their faithful teammate back so soon.\"Coach, please let me play. I've just got to play today,\"said the young man. The coach pretended not to hear him. There was no way he wanted his worst player in this close play-off game. But the young man insisted, and finally feeling sorry for the kid, the coach gave in.\"All right,\"he said.\"You can go in.\"Before long, the coach, the players and everyone in the stands could not believe their eyes. This little unknown, who had never played before, was doing everything right. The opposing team could not stop him. He ran, passed, blocked, and tackled like a star. His team began to succeed. The score was soon tied. In the closing seconds of the game, this kid got a pass and ran all the way for the winning touchdown. Finally, after the stands had emptied, the coach noticed that this young man was sitting quietly in the corner all alone. The coach came to him and said,\"Kid, you were unbelievably fantastic! Tell me what got into you? How did you do it?\" He looked at the coach, tears in his eyes, and said,\"Well, you knew my dad died, but did you know that my dad was blind?\"The young man swallowed hard and forced a smile,\"Dad came to all my games, but today was the first time he could see me play, and I wanted to show him I could make it!\" \n Answer: Appreciative.",
            "output": [
                "What's the writer's attitude toward the young boy in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-22a1f8b957dd4d3f9bd5cb42b78a5ba1",
            "input": "Article: A firm handshake could be a sign of a longer life expectancy  , according to British researchers. Scientists at the Medical Research Council found that elderly people who could still give a firm handshake and walk at a quick pace were likely to outlive their slower peers. They found simple measures of physical capability like shaking hands, walking, getting up from a chair and balancing on one leg were related to the life expectancy, even after accounting for age, sex and body size. The study is the first to provide a comprehensive   view of the existing data from 33 studies. \"These measures have been used in population-based research for quite a long time,\" said Rachel Cooper of the Medical Research Council's Unit for Lifelong Health and Aging. \"They may be useful indicators for subsequent health.\" Cooper, whose study appears in the British Medical Journal, said more studies are needed to clarify whether the measures would be helpful to doctors as a screening tool. \"I wouldn't suggest that we roll them out into clinical practice tomorrow, but it is possible that they could be used in the future,\" she told the media. The researchers examined 33 studies involving tens of thousands of people, most of whom were aged over 60 but living in the community rather than in hospital or care homes. The researchers found that those with the strongest hand grasps tended to live longer than those with weak grips. The death rate over the period of the studies for people with weak handshakes was 67 percent higher than for people with a firm grip. The slowest walkers were nearly three times more likely to die during the study period than swifter walkers. The people who were slowest to get up from a chair had about double the death rate compared to the quick risers. \"Those people in the general population who have higher physical capability levels are likely to live longer,\" Cooper said. \n Answer: They are potentially beneficial to people.",
            "output": [
                "What does Cooper think about the measures of physical capability?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9667bc8b4697486eb7dec40ca134bc92",
            "input": "Article: Please excuse me if I'm a little quiet today. Mark is leaving, and I'm kind of sad. You probably don't know Mark, but you might know someone like him. He has been the heart and soul of the office for years. He has never been interested in getting praise for the wonderful work he does. He just does his job - very well.     We're pleased that he is moving on to new, better things. But this doesn't make it any easier to say goodbye.     Life has a way of throwing curve balls   at us. Just when we start to get comfortable with a person, a place or a situation, something comes along to change things. A nice neighbor moves away. Someone in the family graduates. A child finds new love through marriage.     Our ability to deal with change and disruption   decides to a great degree, our peace, happiness and satisfaction in life.     But how do we do that? Chris the California surfer, once told me that the answer to life's problems can be summed up in four words: \"Go with the flow.\"     \"It's like surfing,\" Chris explained. \"You can't organize the ocean. Waves just happen. You ride them where they take you, then you paddle back out there and catch the next one. You're always hoping for the perfect wave where you can get it. But mostly you just take them the way they come.\"     I think Chris was saying that life is a series of events -- both good and bad. There will always be things over which you have no control. The truly successful person expects the unexpected and is prepared to make adjustments .     Don't stop trying to make all your dreams come true. But when things come up that aren't exactly in your plan, work around them -- and then move on.     We're going to miss Mark. But rather than dwell on the sadness of our parting , we'll focus on our hopes for a brighter future -- for him, and for us. We'll go out and do everything that we can to make that future happen. \n Answer: Life often gives us surprises.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mean by saying \"Life has a way of throwing curve balls at us\" ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eb302ec1401d40e49c5f45b41afb3526",
            "input": "Article: Our world is a noisy place, but quiet places remain. Eight years ago, audio   engineer Gordon Hempton identified the quietest place in the continental United States. He calls the place \"One Square Inch of Silence.\" He has used his symbolic spot in a northwestern rain forest to campaign against noise pollution. But the self-described \"Sound Tracker\" is now going deaf. For Gordon Hempton, it started with an experience known to many people. \"I was lying in the bed in the springtime about a year ago. The sun was shining. The birds could be singing. They should be singing. But I was hearing none. I knew my life was going to be different.\" Hempton's eyes get watery as he describes his cruel situation. More than 20 years ago he trademarked his nickname as \"The Sound Tracker.\" Sharp hearing defined his career as an Emmy award winning sound recordist. It also led to his activism against noise pollution. He has circled the globe three times in search of the perfect sounds of nature. Hempton says his hearing loss is quickly getting worse but he has to finish his project. \"I am running a race to finish the Quiet Planet collection.\" That's the title of a planned 19-volume set of nature recordings. The sound tracks could be licensed for use in movies, video games, exhibits, plays and the like. Volunteer assistants now help Hempton review and edit sound files and identify imperfections. The exact cause of his hearing loss is not clear. Doctors say it may be the result of an infection, or a tumor   or a combination of things. Hempton is self-employed. His health care plan does not pay for hearing loss treatment. So, for now, he's directing his attention to completing his \"greatest hits\" album. \"After I get it finished, I have an economic cash flow to get my hearing back. That's the first thing on my to-do list.\" He's hopeful his hearing loss can be recovered. \n Answer: Sad",
            "output": [
                "How did Gordon Hempton feel when he knew his ears were going deaf?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-659470f9437145dc9c4db633773ee55a",
            "input": "Article: The sharing economy, represented by companies like Airbnb or Uber, is the latest fashion craze. But many supporters have overlooked the reality that this new business model is largely based on escaping regulations and breaking the law. Airbnb is an Internet-based service that allows people to rent out spare rooms to strangers for short stays. Uber is an Internet taxi service that allows thousands of people to answer ride requests with their own cars. There are hundreds of other such services. The good thing about the sharing economy is that it promotes the use of underused resources. Millions of people have houses or apartments with empty rooms, and Airbnb allows them to profit from these rooms while allowing guests a place to stay at prices that are often far less than those charged by hotels. Uber offers prices that are competitive with standard taxi prices and their drivers are often much quicker and more trustworthy. But the downside of the sharing economy has gotten much less attention. Most cities and states both tax and regulate hotels, and the tourists who stay in hotels are usually an important source of tax income. But many of Airbnb's customers are not paying the taxes required under the law. Airbnb can also raise issues of safety for its customers and trouble for hosts' neighbors. Hotels are regularly inspected to ensure that they are not fire traps and that they don't form other risks for visitors. Airbnb hosts face no such inspections. Since Airbnb is allowing people to escape taxes and regulations, the company is simply promoting thefts. Others in the economy will lose by bearing an additional tax burden or being forced to live next to an apartment unit with a never-ending series of noisy visitors. The same story may apply with Uber. Uber is currently in disputes over whether its cars meet the safety and insurance requirements imposed on standard taxis. Also, if Uber and related services flood the market, they could harm all taxi drivers' ability to earn a minimum wage. This downside of the sharing needs to be taken seriously, but that doesn't mean the current tax and regulatory structure is perfect. \n Answer: It brings in modest profits.",
            "output": [
                "What is the positive thing about the sharing economy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c6a4683217c9438d88fa7df8e8d5c25c",
            "input": "Article: WASHINGTON, March 14 (Xinhua) --U.S. President Barack Obama confirmed on Saturday at the White House that China can have confidence in the American economy. \"Not just the Chinese government, but every investor can have absolute confidence in the _ of investments in the United States,\" Obama said. \"There is a reason why even in the midst of this economic downfall you have seen actual increases in investment flows here in the U. S.,\"he said. Obama also noted the U. S. will push for stricter regulation of the financial industry \"front and center\" at the upcoming Group of 20Summit  in London ,ending an argument between the Europe and the United States over whether more focus should be placed on financial regulatory reform. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said earlier Friady he is \"a little bit worried \"about the safety of Chineseassets  in the United States ,urging the U. S. government to ensure the security of those assets. China has invested its hugeforeign exchangereserves  in low-risk but low-yield assets ,such as U. S.government bonds  ,to play it safe . According to the U.S. Treasury, China held 681.9 billion U.S. dollars  worth of U.S. government bonds as of November. \"China is indeed the largest creditor of the United States, which is the world' s biggest economy .We are extremely interested in developments in the U. S. economy.\"said Wen, adding that he is expecting the effect of the measures taken by the U.S.government to counter the global financial crisis. Asked to react to Wen' s concern, Lawrence Summers, director of the U.S. National Economic Council, noted on Friday that the U.S. will be soundsteward of the money it invests. \"This is a commitment that the president has made very clear--we need to be sound stewards of the money we invest.\"said Summers in a speech at the Brookings Institution, a leading think tank in the united states. \n Answer: The U. S. will push for stricter regulation of the financial industry.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ece2522fe3e6437088192c77cbe7da8a",
            "input": "Article: There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as a result or product that can easily be identified   and measured. The worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language--all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts. By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and unexpected obstacles  . In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept. In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may \"fail\" at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is extremely important to our ability to grow. Do we notice ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and indecisive? Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and we think we're slow to adapt to change or that we're not smart enough to deal with a new challenge. Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all. These feelings of insecurity   and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making. \n Answer: Helen was always willing to accept challenges.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be viewed as the process of personal growing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fdb21bc8acd34c9daa4c77bc3b972442",
            "input": "Article: All presentations should include the beginning, the middle, and the end. The first part of your presentation should always present the problem. The middle of the presentation should present your key findings. By the end of the presentation, your audience should have a better understanding of the solution. Less is more. There's a tendency to make a presentation slide excessively complicated with flashy images, strange transitions, and too much text. These features are often unnecessary, and tend to make the viewers get bored. Instead, keep each slide short and plain, using one image to sell your idea. Using bullets   is a bit of a cliche  , but if you must use them, never exceed   more than one line of text per bullet. Branding is the key. Whether you're stating a new business idea to investors or describing a new product to customers, you'll want your presentation to reinforce your brand's image. Use the same color1 schemes, fonts  , and logos that you use on your website or company literature. There's an assumption of what a Power Point is supposed to look like, and company standards falls through the floor. Give them a break. According to a recent research, the average adult attention span for a presentation is just 20 minutes. It's always best to keep your presentation short and to the point, but if you must exceed the recommended 20 minutes, try giving your audience a moment to relax. \"You can extend attention spans by giving your audience a rest,\" the study says. This can be done by telling a story, giving a demo, or doing something else that gives the brain a break. Practice it again and again. In the end, a great presentation will come down to the speaker's ability to capture the audience's imagination and keep their attention. The presentation and the speaker should work together and they can be complementary   to each other. The best presenters won't have to look down at the notes and will never be reading from a script. A good speaker can focus on the key points and convey information well. \n Answer: By keeping each slide short and plain.",
            "output": [
                "How can you make a presentation slide not too complicated?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0cc58b2bfd1a402ca96297c35f3a0d5a",
            "input": "Article: Ladybirds   didn't have black spots on their backs at first. Then a storm broke out, and their famous guide, Caius Insectus, disappeared into the flood  , and the few ladybirds who survived had to choose a new leader to guide them out of trouble. They decided that their new leader would be the first ladybird to successfully travel south to the Great Lake and return to describe it. Many young ladybirds moved off immediately into this adventure. One by one they returned and told of how beautiful the southern lake was at that time of year, with its clear waters and flowers. However, the last of the ladybirds was late in getting back. He hadn't managed to reach the lake. Everyone criticized   him, and they prepared to continue their journey the next day. Following their new guide, they spent a morning walking northwards until they reached some tall thick grassland, where they stopped. There were no clear waters or flowers in front of them. The heavy rain had turned the place into a huge green puddle  . Everyone understood what had happened. When the ladybirds had gone out looking for the lake, they had gone in the wrong direction. Now they could see that, except that one late ladybird, they had lied in order to get what they wanted. And so, the late little ladybird was made the Great Guide. They also decided that every time one of them was discovered lying they would paint a black spot on that ladybird's back. From then on, when a ladybird looks at another's back, it can tell whether that ladybird can be trusted. \n Answer: They needed someone to help prepare for the storm.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the ladybirds decide to choose a new guide?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f1fb9a5f7132466d93405387db19049a",
            "input": "Article: My students often tell me that they do not have \"enough time\" to do all their homework. My response often is \"You have as much time as the president.\" I usually carry on a bit about there being twenty-four hours in the day for everyone, and suggest that \"not enough time\" is not an acceptable explanation of not getting something done. Once in graduate school, I tried to prove to my professor that I was working hard. His answer was \"That's irrelevant  .What's important is the quality of your work.\" That led me to a new idea: the quality of the work, which is perhaps best explained in a sign: \"Don't work harder. Work smarter.\" If you can't get more time, as few of us can, the only solution is to improve the quality of your work. That means improving ways to get more out of the same time. That should lead us to an analysis of our work habits, which for students should be read as \"study habits\". Then as a smart student, you will seek to improve those skills that you use in study, chiefly reading and writing. If you can, it will pay off in all your subjects. As to improving reading, one suggestion is to take a quick nap when you feel reading puts you to sleep, which later helps you read better. The second solution is to speed up. But there are other issues. First, you need to find a place where you can work without unnecessary disturbances. Second, you need to take control. Success depends on realizing that you have to take active control over what you are doing. Third, you might as well get hold of a good book on reading and master the reading skills that pay off in all your classes. Talking about advice on good writing habits, you simply have to master the writing skills. Increasing your efficiency in both reading and writing will pay off immediately in terms of the quality of your work and in terms of the time spent doing it. Then you will be able to do better work in less time. And maybe you will find time to play golf with the president. \n Answer: The key to having enough time is to improve work quality.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81d43dddc6e44eff825ed324153d8f23",
            "input": "Article: Does happiness have a scent? When someone is happy,can you smell it? You can usually tell when someone is happy based on seeing them smile,hearing them laugh or perhaps from receiving a big hug.But can you also smell their happiness? Surprising new research suggests that happiness does indeed have a scent,and that the experience of happiness can be transmitted through smell,reports Phys.org. For the study,12 young men were shown videos meant to bring about a variety of emotions while researchers gathered sweat samples from them.All of the men were healthy and none of them were drug users or smokers,and all were asked to abstain from drinking or eating smelly foods during the study period. Those sweat samples were then given to 36 equally healthy young women to smell,while researchers monitored their reactions.Only women were selected to smell the samples,apparently because previous research has shown that women have a better sense of smell than men and are also more sensitive to emotional signaling--though it's unclear why only men were chosen to produce the scents. Researchers found that the behavior of the women after smelling the scents--particularly their facial expressions--indicated a relationship between the emotional states of the men who produced the sweat and the women who sniffed them. \"Human sweat produced when a person is happy brings about a state similar to happiness in somebody who breathes this smell,\" said study co-author Gun Semin,a professor at Koc University in Turkey. This is a fascinating finding because it not only means that happiness does have a scent,but that the scent is capable of transmitting the emotion to others.The study also found that other emotions,such as fear,seem to carry a scent too.This ensures previous research suggesting that some negative emotions have a smell,but it is the first time this has proved to be true of positive feelings. Researchers have yet to isolate  exactly what the chemical compound for the happiness smell is,but you might imagine what the potential applications for such a finding could be.Happiness perfumes,for instance,could be invented. Scent therapies could also be developed to help people through depression or anxiety. Perhaps the most surprising result of the study,however,is our broadened understanding of how emotions get communicated,and also how our own emotions are potentially managed through our social context and the emotional states of those around us. \n Answer: Women have a better sense of smell.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main finding of the new research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e050435b867453a9a3b243e2f746cd4",
            "input": "Article: A man called Greedy Black loved nothing but old things. He was so crazy about everything that was old and out of fashion because he was convinced that the older, the better. Always worried about losing his treasures, he kept all he had collected in an old room. It had no windows, so it was very dark, and of course, it was full of old things.     One day Greedy Black went into this room to get a ladder, as he had often practiced, but slipped on something and fell against a big garden fork. The fork hit him on the head and knocked him down. Then it fell on top of him and hit him hard on the left leg. The ends of the fork then went into his long beard. He fought with the fork fiercely, and at last threw it off him, jumped up and ran out of the room. He was very angry. He had an old sword under his bed, and he now ran and got this. Then he ran back to the room, opened the door suddenly and shouted in a terrible voice, \"All right, come out and fight, you and all the other forks in the world! I'm not afraid of you!\" But there was no response for his challenge. So in great  _ , he turned on the electric light, only to find that there was no other fork but the one that had repeatedly troubled him. After reading this story, what reflections   have you got for yourself? Do you still think that keeping old things in a private place sounds sound? Or don't you believe that you have to be far away from forks because forks are the most powerful? Or what else.....? \n Answer: He laid great values on old things.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the man keep old things in his room?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-92fca69476c94ae19f1dc0011e410b15",
            "input": "Article: Shanghai Xintiandi Style Mall is filled with a festive mood, featuring large-scale equipment, knit works and various activities, under the theme \"kiss\".  \"Kissing is seldom taken as the theme of artworks because in oriental   culture, people restrain themselves from expressing their emotions,\" says Jiang Shan, who is in charge of the exhibition. \"Through the exhibition, we hope to encourage people to be confident and brave in expressing their love.\" Inside the mall, which covers a large area from Zizhong Lu (Road) to Fuxingnan Lu (Road), dozens of color1ful decorations, including balloons, lollipops and lip-shaped decorations are hung on the walls and from the ceiling. Among the decorations, a bright-color1ed wool artwork attracts most eyeballs and brings about a feeling of warmth. The designer, Gu Yeli, says the art piece, Kiss Forest, was inspired by US artist Andy Warhol's 1963 experimental film Kiss, which featured various couples kissing for three and a half minutes each. Gu also organizes a small workshop to teach knitting   to children.  Artist Wang Xuejun sets up a stainless-steel mirror at the mall's gate leading to Zizhong Lu. Visitors, including men, are invited to put on lipstick and kiss the mirror, thus kissing themselves. The Beast Floral Shop, a flower shop in Shanghai, contributes two walls of flowers that are made into the shape of a book, named Kiss Book. Artifacts   of bees and butterflies are fixed among the blossoms, kissing the flowers. The work represents love and harmony in nature.  Architect Ma Ke creates a Kiss Bridge with transparent   acrylic boards and ceramic fishbowls. Bridges are often spots for dating lovers in traditional Chinese folk stories and the goldfish in the bowls are witnesses of the lovers' kisses. In the south plaza, an18-meter-high interactive tree-shaped light equipment encourages people to kiss. Each kiss turns a certain light on, reminding audiences of their sweet childhood memories of kisses. At the side of the tree is a counter, in which each kiss is counted and represents a donation to charity organizations. \n Answer: It introduces various activities in Shanghai Xintiandi Style Mall.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-01b89540640246d987acb5e7589ea0c5",
            "input": "Article: Five or six years ago, I attended a lecture on the science of attention. A professor who conducts research over in the medical school was talking about attention blindness, the basic feature of the human brain that, when we concentrate on one task, causes us to miss just about everything else. Because we can't see what we can't see, our lecturer was determined to catch us in the act. He had us watch a video of six people tossing   basketballs back and forth, three in white shirts and three in black, and our task was to keep track only of the tosses among the people in white. The tape rolled, and everyone began counting. Everyone except me. I'm dyslexic  , and the moment I saw that tape with the confusing basketball tossers, I knew I wouldn't be able to keep track of their movements, so I let my mind wander. I became curious, though, when about 30 seconds into the tape, a gorilla   walked in among the players. She (we later learned a female student was in the gorilla suit) stared at the camera, beat her chest with her fist, and then went away while they continued passing the balls. When the tape stopped, the professor asked how many people had counted at least a dozen basketball tosses. Hands went up all over. He then asked who had counted 13, 14, and congratulated those who'd scored the perfect 15. Then he asked, \"And who saw the gorilla?\" I raised my hand and was surprised to discover I was the only person at my table and one of only three or four in the large room to do so. He'd set us up, trapping us in our own attention blindness. Yes, there had been a trick, but he wasn't the one who had played it on us. By concentrating so hard on counting, we had managed to miss the gorilla in the midst. Attention blindness is the fundamental organizing principle of the brain, and I believe that it presents us with a great opportunity. My take is different from that of many neuroscientists: Where they see the shortcomings of the individual, I sense an opportunity for cooperation. Fortunately, given the interactive   nature of most of our lives in the digital age, we have the tools to control our different forms of attention and take advantage of them. It's not easy to admit that everything we've learned about how to pay attention means that we've been missing everything else. It's not easy for us logical, intelligent, confident types to admit that the very key to our success -- our ability to discover a problem and solve it, an achievement obtained in all those years in school and beyond -- may be exactly what limits us. No one ever told us that our way of seeing left out everything else. \n Answer: The writer had difficulty keeping track of the tossers' movements.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about the writer when the tape was played?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e5a9776d281f4f1dbfb195ccb1b6b479",
            "input": "Article: If you are sitting down listening to what I'm going to say, stand up. Move your legs. Touch your toes, if you can. Do anything but sit. If you cut down on the time you spend sitting, you might live longer. New research shows that sitting less than three hours a day might extend your life by two years. Just the opposite, says Peter Katzmarzyk. He is a scientist at the University of Louisiana in the southern United States. He says that sitting is _ in our lives. \"We sit while we're eating; we sit in the car; we sit while we watch TV. Many of us sit for many hours at work. \" But, he adds, that does not make sitting good for us. The human body is designed to move. But modern lifestyles and office jobs rarely give us the chance to move around. Exercise is important. So is not sitting. \"We can't throw away physical activity. It's extremely important. We have 60 years of research showing us that. Even if you exercise for 30 minutes a day, what goes on in the other 23-and-a-half hours a day is also very important.\" Mr. Katzmarzyk and his co-workers are part of a new generation of researchers studying how sitting all day affects length of life. This is a relatively new area of study--studies that have assessed the relationship between sitting and mortality  or television viewing and mortality. Making uses of the few studies available to them, they found that cutting television time to less than two hours a day could add one-point four years to life. New desk designs are helping Change is already coming to some offices, especially in the design of desks. A \"standing desk\" lets people stand while they work. Another new design is called the \"treadmill desk.\" A treadmill is an exercise machine that lets you walk in one place. That's one of the strategies that many companies are using now. Some companies may equip their employees with a \"standing desk\" or a \"treadmill desk\". Other companies may not buy one for everybody, but they'll have a bank of these desks where people can go for an hour a day and answer their emails or talk on the phone. Even some U.S. schools are beginning to experiment with such desks to keep children moving. Mr. Katzmarzyk says studying this problem has inspired his team to make a few changes in their own lives. \"As a university professor, you know, it is a very sedentary occupation. We're chained to a desk in terms of writing papers and doing research. We really try to limit the amount of time we spend doing that.\" Suggestions for sitting less If you work in office job or have a sedentary job, Mr. Katzmarzyk and his team suggest a few simple changes: get up from your desk as often as you can take walks at lunch time walk to your colleagues' offices and talk directly instead of emailing them All these activities may help you live longer. \n Answer: Sit less, live longer.",
            "output": [
                "What might be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ecee05c9386a49919c44e431822541f5",
            "input": "Article: If the world were a village of 1,000 people, it would include: * 584 Asians * 124 Africans * 95 Eastern and Western Europeans * 84 Latin Americans * 55 former Soviets (including Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, and other national groups) * 52 North Americans * 6 Australians and New Zealanders The people of the village would speak: * 165 Mandarin * 86 English * 83 Hindu/Urdu * 64 Spanish * 58 Russian * 37 Arabic The above list covers the mother tongues of only half the village. One-third of the people in the village are children, and only 60 are over the age of 65. Just under half of the married women in the village have access to modem equipments. This year 28 babies will be born. Ten people will die, 3 of them for lack of food, 1 from cancer. Two of the deaths will be of babies born within the year. With the 28 births and 10 deaths, the population of the village next year will be 1,018. In this village of 1,000 persons, 200 people receive 75 percent of the income; another 200 receive only 2 percent of the income. About one-third _ clean, safe drinking water. Of the 670 adults in the village, half can not read nor write. The village has a total yearly budget , public and private, of over $3 million--$ 3 ,000 per person if it is distributed evenly. Of the total $3 million: $ 181,000 goes to weapons and warfare $ 159,000 to education $ 132,000 to health care These weapons are under the control of just 100 of the people. The other 900 are watching them with deep anxiety, wondering whether they can learn to get along together. \n Answer: Nearly all the Mandarin-speaking people are from Asia in the village.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about Mandarin according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-16e4a7e1af2e4977b225212cbee8cad7",
            "input": "Article: Color is very important in our daily life. It can influence our choice of purchase when we go shopping and can also affect the way we look and feel. A person can be naturally attracted to one particular color1 while finding another color1 repulsive. The influence of color1 on human emotions and feelings is very powerful and designers, advertisers, artists and even doctors use  _ in their professions for different purposes. Every day, without even thinking about it, we use color1 to communicate our feelings. For example, the color1 we choose to wear is one way of expressing ourselves. It says something about the person, how he or she feels, and how he or she wants others to feel about the wearer. In other words, color1 talks. A person who wants to appear stylish and mature will usually wear dark color1s or black. A person who wishes to appear youngish, pure and innocent dresses in white, like the choice of a bride's wedding gown. Also clothed in white are doctors, dentists, nurses and hospital in-patients as the color1 expresses comfort, cleanliness and professionalism. Brown, blue or grey clothes are the usual color1s worn by office workers so as not to draw unnecessary attention to them. They are, in a way, conveying the message that they want to be noticed for their work, not their appearance. People who wear bright, strong color1s like to be attractive and these color1s are particularly popular with actresses, singers and party goers. In the past, common people were not allowed to wear certain color1s. In Thailand, for example, only kings, queens and members of the royal family could wear purple while in ancient China, yellow was the color1 reserved for the emperor and the empress. Nowadays, people can wear whatever color1 they like or as they think appropriate. \n Answer: It is able to influence the consumers' choice of purchase.",
            "output": [
                "How does color1 affect a product?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af7930c05e2b403797fbe01ace028eff",
            "input": "Article: In high school, all Canadian students take part in a very exciting event. It is \"Take Your Children to Work Day\". Students will have a chance to work with their parents. My day took place in my mom's work, the York Region Police Department. When I arrived, a coach was teaching the officers basic combat skills. Everyone tried their best to practice. I could see them sweating and panting  . The most exciting part of my visit was a stop at the 911 Communication Center. 911 is the same as 110,119 and 120 in China. Every 911 call in the city is answered here. When I entered the center, I stood beside a call dispatcher  arid watched him dealing-with the calls. Suddenly, the phone rang, he picked it up and a woman cried for help. There was a robbery in her house. The call dispatcher told her, \"Please calm down and move to the safe place quietly. Don't fight with them. Just let them take what they want. Please make sure you are not hurt. We are sending officers there.\" He followed the call and found the address. The call dispatcher chose the five closest police cars from the satellite map and clicked  to send the policemen.  I saw the police cars from the satellite map were quickly moving to the woman's house. Five minutes later, they arrived .I asked the call dispatcher why he sent five cars. He said, \"There are different levels of emergencies. Robbery is a high priority  ,so we have to send five cars.\" The day was interesting. I leaned how the different departments worked together. The officers were very friendly and admirable. \n Answer: An exciting day at a Police Department.",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5c9562db515d4e1d93b966776d1b1dca",
            "input": "Article: When I was a kid, I was just like every other kid. As usual, I liked being with friends and having fun. But I didn't like school much. I didn't like the rule of learning, studying, memorizing, etc. Too much work. As I got into high school, things changed for me. I started reading a lot of books. Books taught me about life and helped me learn about the world. I read around 30 books during each senior year. I learned to love reading then. Little did I know at that time that I would write books by myself. I've written 7 books since then. One book I wrote, Powerful Attitudes, was a huge success within a network marketing company in the USA. When I was 17 years old, I took about a dozen guitar lessons. I fell in love with guitar music no matter if it is blues, rock, flamenco or classical. I've attended concerts and have heard some great guitarists through the years.  Recently, I bought myself a piano and began to learn to play it. I've made great progress. My knowledge of music and playing guitar has helped me a lot in learning the piano. Last week, I employed a Chinese teacher to teach me Chinese. I've learned about 200 words in my first week. I'm inspired and motivated to learn. In fact, I feel a bit _ , thinking of learning Chinese. It's like a mountain I want to climb and conquer. I'm 56 years old and my love to learn it runs deep in my heart, mind and soul. What I certainly learned while growing up is to love learning. I never want to stop learning. I never want to stop studying people, life, processes and new things. I think the openness of admitting what you don't know, makes you a good learner. You never lie to yourself or to others about your knowledge and experience. I have the attitude that if I don't know something, I will learn to know it. \n Answer: One of his books enjoyed a lot of success.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the author from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c4b1242bdafb407caaa56fec4a710129",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever had a day when everything seemed to go wrong, and nothing seemed to go right? Not too long ago I was having one of those days. I was discouraged, weary, and plain sad. My focus was on me. After all, no one else was experiencing the same trials I was. I expressed my upset state to my mother, hoping for some pity. Instead, she said, \"I heard Jamie was having a difficult day too. Why don't you make her some cookies and take them to her this afternoon?\" I didn't really want to, but decided that I didn't want to go back to my other problems just yet. I made the cookies and arranged them on a little plate. Then I made a card with a sunflower on it and wrote a small note of empathy. That afternoon I dropped by my friend's house. I went to the door and rang the bell. Soon, Jamie came to the door and looked at me in surprise for the unexpected visit. Before she could say anything I rushed, \" I heard you were having a hard day and decided to bring you something. I hope your day goes better.\" The look that came over Jamie's face was one that I could never put into words. It was as if a darkened sky was suddenly lit with the golden rays of the sun; it was as if in that small act, her day was brightened. I got back into the car and for some amazing reason; I felt a lot better myself. That day I experienced the truth that James Barri attempted to describe, \" Those who bring sunshine to the lives of others cannot keep it from themselves.\" \n Answer: Sunshine on a Rainy Day",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5e6b9812893340e3b922ebc557336fd0",
            "input": "Article: Sixteen years ago I learned this lesson. And I learned it in the back of a New York City taxi cab. Here's what happened. I got in a taxi, and we took off for Grand Central Station. We were driving in the right lane   when all of a sudden, a black car jumped out of a parking space right in front of us. My taxi driver used his brakes  , the tires made a loud noise, and at the very last moment our car stopped just one inch   from the back of the other car. I couldn't believe it. But then I couldn't believe what happened next. The driver of the other car, the guy who almost caused a big accident, turned his head around and he started yelling bad words at us. I couldn't believe it! And this is when my taxi driver told me what I now call: \"The Law of the Garbage Truck  .\" He said: But then here's what really blew me away. My taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy. So, I said: \"Why did you just do that? This guy could have killed us! \"Many people are like garbage trucks. They run around full of garbage, full of frustration, full of anger, and full of disappointment. As their garbage piles up, they look for a place to dump   it. And if you let them, they'll dump it on you.\"So one day when someone wants to dump on you, don't take it personally. Just smile, wave, wish them well, and move on. Believe me. You'll be happier.\" So I started thinking, how often do I let Garbage Trucks run right over me? And how often do I take their garbage and spread it to other people at work, at home, or on the street? It was then that I said: \"I don't want their garbage and I'm not going to spread it anymore.\" I began to see Garbage Trucks. I see the load people are carrying. I see them coming to dump it. And like my taxi driver, I don't take it personally. I just smile, wave, wish them well, and I move on. \n Answer: His taxi suddenly got a flat tire  .",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the author on his way to Grand Central Station?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-24c9dd84d24e44ac84e7bdf573af887b",
            "input": "Article: Recently, Danny Meyer, founder of the Shake Shack chain, announced that his restaurants will do away with tipping. He plans to pay his staff higher wages and pass the cost to customers by raising prices on menus. Is this a good idea? I'm sure Meyer's latest move will be a winner. The new model could work in Meyer's restaurants because he draws a particular type of customers who are there for a high-end experience. Besides, if the restaurants charge more for meals, they'll pay higher in taxes. As restaurants move to higher wages, the benefit costs will be higher, too. --Mel Robbins For a European, eating in an American restaurant is like attending a high school reunion. Tipping turns the whole process into a drawn-out experience where money is at the center stage. There are so many opportunities for embarrassment. So I think Danny Meyer's proposal will change it for the better. --Andre Spicer Danny Meyer is doing the right thing by stopping tipping. Eating out costs what it costs and workers are hard-working humans who deserve the stability of a wage. It may take a while to catch on, but we'll get there and it'll become the norm. --Kat Kinsman I've found that the practice of tipping has traditionally attracted millions of employees to our industry. The current tipping model still has strong support from diners and they are more than happy to reward good service. But it is vital that restaurants continue to have the freedom to choose what works best for their business and their employees. --Cicely Simpson \n Answer: Cicely Simpson.",
            "output": [
                "Who considers giving waiters tips as an embarrassment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-381fd97acc4e4b3b81e00c74b973839e",
            "input": "Article: Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures in cold winters and warm summers. In addition, people have developed cultural patterns and technologies that help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity . In very cold climates, there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia , which is a life threatening drop in core body temperature to below normal levels. The normal temperature for humans is about 37.0degC. However, differences in persons and even the time of day can cause it to be as much as 6degC higher or lower in healthy individuals. It is also normal for core body temperature to be lower in elderly people. Hypothermia begins to occur when the core body temperature drops to 34.4degC. Below 29.4degC, the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails. The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death. However, there have been rare cases in which people have been saved after their temperatures had dropped to 13.9-15.6degC. This happened in 1999 to a Swedish woman who was trapped under an ice sheet in freezing water for 80 minutes. She was found unconscious, not breathing, and her heart had stopped beating, yet she was eventually saved despite the fact that her temperature had dropped to 13.7degC. In extremely hot climates or as a result of uncontrollable infections, core body temperatures can rise to equally dangerous levels. This is hyperthermia. Life threatening hyperthermia typically starts in humans when their temperatures rise to 40.6-41.7degC. Only a few days at this extraordinarily high temperature level is likely to result in the worsening of internal organs and death. \n Answer: Because they have internal temperature regulating systems.",
            "output": [
                "Why can humans keep stable body temperatures in different seasons?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f6ccc1d441ea4c1388d217eaefa11912",
            "input": "Article: Every year on April 1, April Fools' Day is celebrated in many countries around the world. In France, it's called Poisson d'Avril or \"Fish of April.\" In Scotland, the holiday is often called \"Gowkie Day.\" In Iraq, the holiday is called Kithbet Neesan or \"April Lie.\" History experts say people have celebrated April Fools' Day for a long time. Some believe the tradition comes from the ancient Romans more than two thousand years ago. It was a day of playing games and pretending to be someone else. Others say the day for fooling began in France in 1564, when King Charles changed the yearly calendar . He moved New Year's Day from April 1 to January 1. Many people did not know about the change because of communication problems back then. Some people continued to celebrate New Year's Day on April 1. Other people called them April Fools and played jokes on them. In the United States, April Fools' Day is just a day of joking and playing tricks on friends. These kinds of jokes are also called pranks. These jokes typically end in the prankster shouting \"April Fools'!\" Simple pranks, like telling a friend a funny lie or making prank phone calls, are still common. But, major companies also get in on April Fools' Day fun in a much bigger way. A few years ago, on April 1, Starbucks announced it was introducing new coffee cup sizes -- Plenta and Micra. The very large cups, bigger than a human head, remained useful for customers even after finishing all that coffee. According to Starbucks, the cups could be used as a rain hat, a pot for plants, or a lampshade . It did not take long for customers to catch on to the prank! More and more, people use social media or smart phone apps to play pranks on their friends on April Fools' Day. One very annoying smart phone app, Cat Facts, sends funny facts about cats to your friends' phones, every day. \n Answer: Its tradition comes from the ancient Romans.",
            "output": [
                "What is not true about \"April Fools' Day\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a5f503f9236c47e7b14aa957193dd3ec",
            "input": "Article: Police today stepped up a murder probe after a father was killed by a gang. They attacked him with an axe.   John Purcell, 40, suffered fatal injuries in the incident in Easterhouse,prefix = st1 /Glasgowon Saturday evening... moments after he had said goodbye to his children. His youngest son John, 11, was being comforted by his mum Elizabeth Malcolm after witnessing the street horror. The father-of-three was attacked around 10:30 inEasterhouse Road.   Young John said, \"My father was struck from behind with something that looked like a chopper.\" John, his sister Danielle, 15, and bother William, 19, have been left _ and placed a floral tribute at the attack scene in memory of their dad. Elizabeth Malcolm said, \"We are all in shock about what had happened. When he left here he usually turned left down the road, but for some reason on Saturday he went in the opposite direction which is where the gang members always hang out.\"   \"We have been apart for a number of years, but John always remained close to his children and this has hit them hard,\" she said.   Police officers initially sealed off the area for forensic examination but later allowed his  s to lay flowers. Following a post-mortem , Mr. Purcell's death is being treated as murder. He had been taken by ambulance to GlasgowRoyalHospitalbut died from his severe injuries. Detective Chief Inspector John Riggans, who is leading the investigation, appealed for witnesses to come forward and said, \"Inquiries are at an early stage and we are trying to establish the circumstances surrounding the attack scene for the moment.\" \n Answer: Detective Chief Inspector John Riggans did not catch the murderer.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5531aa84511042d4b566467b15588087",
            "input": "Article: Earth Day is celebrated every year on April 22nd.Take some time to find out about how one man,who was determined to change the way we treated our planet,didn't stop until he had made a difference. In 1963,Senator Gaylord Nelson wasn't happy with the earth's condition.He wanted to clean up the planet,solve pollution and environmental problems.A senator  is someone US citizens choose to help make laws,so Gaylord had a lot of power.He went to John F.Kennedy,the President at the time,with his ideas.The President agreed that the planet's environment was a serious issue,so President Kennedy went around the country on a five-day tour to promote the idea of cleaning up the planet.People began making small changes but it wasn't enough. A few years later,Senator Nelson decided to put one day aside every year for the cause of saving the planet.On April 22,1970,the first Earth Day was celebrated.More than 20 million people took part in Earth Day activities in 1970.Since then,Earth Day has become an international holiday.People all over the world are doing something to make the earth a cleaner,better place. A rock band named Dramarama wrote a song about Earth Day in 1993 called What Are We Gonna Do.Encouraging your family to recycle on a regular basis is a good way to help the earth. \n Answer: He went around the country on a five-day tour.",
            "output": [
                "What did President Kennedy do to promote the idea of cleaning up the earth?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2db9c32edca543b5a0b1653919bbf624",
            "input": "Article: In March 2012, researchers in the United States announce that they have developed the first wirelessly controlled device that can supply a drug directly into the body. A small chip is implanted under the skin. It contains the medicine, which it releases at preset times. The developers say the device could improve the lives of millions of people who take medicine for long-term illnesses. A company called MicroCHIPS began developing the device about fifteen years ago. Last month, the company released the results of its first successful tests in humans. The tests took place in Denmark with seven women with osteoporosis.  Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and break easily. The disorder is common among older people, especially women. Many patients have to give themselves daily injections of medicine. One type of treatment requires injections for two years. Robert farra is the president of MicroCHIPS. He says many patients stop taking the medicine because of the pain and stress of the injections and that only twenty-five percent of the patients will go through the entire twenty-four months of treatment. The microchip is a few centimeters long. It has small sections that each hold a single dose of medicine. Mr. Farra says the device has to be programmed with the times to release the drug and that doctors will be able to reprogram the device from a computer or even a cell phone.  The seven women in the study were aged sixty-five to seventy. The researchers say the implants were just as effective as daily injections. And they say the dosage amounts were more exact than patients often give themselves. The microchips in the study held only twenty doses of medicine. Mr. Farra and his team are now designing a version that could hold a full year's worth of medicine. Robert Farra says, \"The new version may take us two years, and then we may be required to do two additional trials, taking about four years before the device is available on the commercial scale.\" \n Answer: It can release medicine regularly as preset.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about the new device is right?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a3e16450fdab4056bcd28207fd4719d5",
            "input": "Article: Everyone knows how the story of Cinderella ends, but did you ever really think about how she spent her days before she met the prince? Her daily routine was not fascinating.She did everything from sweeping the floor to cooking the meals.If someone had asked Cinderella, \"Are there any kinds of household work that you particularly hate?\" she probably would have answered, \"Why, none, of course.Housework is my duty!\" In the real world, however, most people have definite dislikes for certain sorts of household work.Two of these tasks are ironing clothes and washing dishes. Ironing clothes is most hated because it is not a task that can be completed quickly or thoughtlessly. Each piece of clothing must be handled individually, so ironing a basket of laundry can take hours! After ironing a piece of clothing with great caution, which-requires smoothing out the fabric, and following the seams   ,you need to place it on a hanger as soon as possible.If you do not follow these directions carefully, it might become wrinkled   and you have to start over.Perhaps that is why ironing is not a favorite thing to do.It calls for extreme attention to detail from beginning to end. Another household job that many people dislike is washing dishes.Of course, some people claim that this work is no longer a problem because we have dishwashers now! However, no one would argue that dishes, silverware, and especially pots and pans washed in a dishwasher don't come out as clean as they do when washed by hand.For this reason, many of us continues to wash our dishes by hand, but we are not necessarily happy doing it.Cleaning dishes is a job that not only takes a lot of energy but also requires the patience to wash and dry them.In addition, unlike ironing clothes, washing dishes is a thing that usually must be done every day.I don't know how Cinderella felt about this particular task, but I believe that most people hate it as much as I do. \n Answer: Because it is time - consuming.",
            "output": [
                "Why do most people hate to do clothes - ironing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad26725e71be4c43acfa8001a807f72e",
            "input": "Article: A daughter's duty? Adult daughters are often expected to caregiver for older parents. In 2007, Jorjan Sarich and her dad moved from California to Idaho. It was where he wanted to live his rest time. \"I left my occupation, I left my friends; he did the same thing,\" said Sarich, who bought a house with her father, George Snyder, in the China Gardens neighborhood of Hailey after his health began to decline. Though a graduate student struggling to finish her dissertation , Sarich chose to be her dad's full-time caregiver. \"It's only now, several years later, that I'm realizing how much work it was. It's the kind of exhaustion that sleep doesn't cure,\" she said. About 6 million Americans provide care to elderly relatives or friends living outside of nursing homes. Laurel Kennedy, author of \"The Daughter Trap\" (Thomas Dunne Books, $25.95), says that women bear a disproportionate share of the burden -- about 70 percent of hands-on care giving such as bathing. \"I want to be clear: Women don't hate this,\" Kennedy said. \"What they hate is that everyone just assumes they'll do it.\" Kennedy is calling for _ equal to the rise of affordable child care and day care: Employers should help working caregivers by offering accommodations. Men should step up more often. It's unfair that women are always chosen to provide care for an elderly family member. Despite the hard work it took on Sarich -- interrupted sleep and the knowledge that his 2009 death was the end game, she would do it again. Since about half a century had gone by, she wasn't the person he remembered, and he wasn't the person she remembered either. Caring for her father changed how each saw the other. \n Answer: She lived with her father.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jorjan Sarich caregiver for her father?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c85f2c45650f42e281d4e68728920b04",
            "input": "Article: Last week, my granddaughter started kindergarten, and I wished her every success. But part of me didn't. I actually wanted her to fail in some ways because I believe that failure can be good for our learning process. Success is proving that you can do something that you already know you can do, or doing something correctly the first time, which can often be a problematic   victory. First-time success is usually a fluke  . First-time failure, by contrast, is expected to be the natural order of things. Failure is how we learn. In Africa they describe a good cook as \"She who has broken many pots.\" If you've spent enough time in the kitchen to have broken a lot of pots, probably you know a fair amount about cooking. I once had dinner with a group of cooks, and they spent time comparing knife wounds and burn scars. They knew how much credibility   their failures gave them. I earn my living by writing a daily newspaper column. Each week I am aware that one column I write is going to be the worst column. I try my best every day. I have learned to cherish that column. A successful column usually means that I am discussing my familiar topic, writing in a style I am used to or saying the same things as anyone else but in a fancy way. My younger daughter is a trapeze artist. She spent three years putting together a show, and she did it successfully for years. There was no reason for her to change it but she did anyway. She said she was no longer learning anything new and she was bored. And if she was bored, there was no point in subjecting (......) her body to all that stress. She risked failure and great public embarrassment in order to feed her soul. My granddaughter is a perfectionist. She will feel her failures, and I will want to comfort her. But I will also, I hope, remind her of what she learned, and how she can do better next time. I hope I can tell her, though, that it's not the end of the world. Indeed, with luck, it is the beginning. \n Answer: She would learn more from failure.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author want his granddaughter to fail?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9008ca1a597648e3a0eb4295260f8301",
            "input": "Article: It was four o'clock when we left Micatlan,and we traveled quickly until it became almost completely dark.It was our intention to return to our general quarters in Atlacomulco that night.We had a long journey ahead of us,especially because it had been decided there was no way we would try to cross the ravines again at night,since they were considered far too dangerous.Futhermore,an eclipse of the moon was expected,and,in fact,while we were crossing an open field,the moon appeared on the horizon,half in shadow,a rare and beautiful sight. After a few hours of riding,we suddenly realized that we had lost our way,and worse still,had no way of finding it again.Night had fallen and there was not a single hut in sight,only great plains and mountains and the lowing of distant bulls all around us.We continued on ahead,trusting in luck,though it was difficult to say where she had brought us.By good fortune,our advance riders ran into two Indians,a man and a boy,who agreed to guide us their village and no further. After an interminable and exhausting road,which we traveled at a brisk trot,the barking of several dogs announced an Indian village.In the dying light,we could just make out cane huts,firmly situated between the banana trees,with fenced gardens in front of each one.Our convoy stopped in front of one particular hut,a kind of inn or shop for alcohol,where a naked goblin-like figure,the ideal husband for a witch,was serving cheap brandy to the Indians,most of whom were already drunk. We dismounted and threw ourselves to the ground,too tired to even think.Someone found us,God knows how,a cup of dreadful hot chocolate.We began to realize that we were completely lost,and so it was agreed to give up our attempt to reach Atlacomulco that night.Instead,we should head for the village of \"E1 Puente\",where our guides know a Spanish family,made up of several unmarried brothers,who,without any doubt,would be delighted to offer us a safe refuge for the rest of the night.We remounted and began our journey,a little restored after the pause in our journey and the dreadful hot chocolate. \n Answer: An Indian Village.",
            "output": [
                "Where did we travel to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-963aeee77abd4e95a42e469b2fdfec23",
            "input": "Article: \"Luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity,\" said the American talk show host Oprah Winfrey. I've never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it's probably worth listening to. Her point is that blind luck is very rare. You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. If you're a Chinese, you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump  for a rabbit to run out and break its neck. A book by the UK psychologist Richard Wiseman, called The Luck Factor, argues we can all make ourselves luckier. It's not about going to a temple to burn some incense  hopes that the gods will give you good fortune; it's practical advice you can follow each day. Wiseman conducted an experiment as part of his studies. First he divided volunteers into two groups; those who said they were lucky in life and those who said they were not. He gave everyone a newspaper and asked them to look through it to count how many photographs it had inside. On average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. Why? On the second page of the newspaper, a command, \"Stop counting. There are 43 photographs in this newspaper,\" was written in big letters. The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message. It's easy to compare this situation to a young person looking for jobs in a local paper. They might search so hard for one type of position that they miss an even better opportunity. People who are \"lucky\", in fact, keep an open mind and don't go through the same routine every day. I first came to China in 2002 when it was considered a rather strange thing to do. Like many foreigners, my plan was to teach English for one year. Seven years later, and still here, I've had many great opportunities such as writing for newspapers and magazines. I did not dream these would have been possible. I've also never been sick, had an accident, got into a fight or had problems with the police. Coincidence? After reading about Professor Wiseman's studies I think not. As Wiseman advises, I usually trust my own judgment. Your friends and parents may give you advice based on rational thinking, but it's important to consider how you feel about each choice you make. Your feeling acts as a warning for a potential problem. Finally, try to turn bad luck into good. Even if you do fall down and break a leg, the time spent at home can be used wisely to study English. \n Answer: Make the best of a bad job.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following proverbs most agrees with the writer's point?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a24b2a5d95cc4ebd8163045a6f3964d8",
            "input": "Article: A sense of humor is just one of the many things shared by Alfred and Anthony Melillo, 64-year-old twin brothers from East Haven who made history in February 2002. On Christmas Eve, 1992, Anthony had a heart transplant from a 21-year-old donor. Two days before Valentine's Day in 2002, Alfred received a 19-year-old heart, marking the first time on record that twin adults each received heart transplants.  \"I'm 15 minutes older than him, but now I'm younger because of my heart and I'm not going to respect him,\" Alfred said with a big smile, pointing to his brother while talking to a roomful of reporters, who laughed frequently at their jokes.     While the twins knew that genetics  might have played a role in their condition, they recognized that their eating habits might have also contributed to their heart problems. \"We'd put half a pound of butter on a steak. I overdid it on all the food that tasted good, so I guess I deserved what I got for not dieting properly.\"     The discussion moved to Anthony's recovery. In the five years since his heart transplant, he had been on an exercise program where he regularly rode a bicycle for five miles, swam each day, and walked a couple of miles. He was still on medication, but not nearly as much as Alfred, who was just in the early stage of his recovery.     \"Right now I feel pretty young and I'm doing very well,\" Anthony said. \"I feel like a new person.\" Alfred said his goal, of course, was to feel even better than his brother. But, he added, \"I love my brother very much. We're very close and I'm sure we'll do just fine.\" \n Answer: Love for bicycling.",
            "output": [
                "What did Alfred and Anthony have in common?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e2814a1ebf244466a32fc79240a41292",
            "input": "Article: Discover Artistic Talents across the Country Tank Loft, Chongqing This 12,000-square-meter art center was established on the site of a used military tank warehouse . It is the largest contemporary art base in western China, featuring modern exhibition, galleries, design studios and art bookstores. The art zone is located on the campus of the Sichuan Fine Arts Institute and was created by the school in the early 2000s. Where: No. 108 Huangjueping Center Street, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing Opening hours: 9 am--5 pm (closed Mondays) Redtory, Guangzhou Redtory, established in 2009, is a spacious art district often referred to as Guangzhou's 798. Made up of more than 30 old halls, mostly buildings of red brick, the place was originally built in 1956 as Chinese largest can factory. Some of the rusty machines from the old factory have been kept as art equipment, giving the zone an old charm. Where:No. 128 Yuancun Siheng Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou Opening hours:Mon.-Sun. 10:30 am-9 pm M50, Shanghai M50, also known as 50 Moganshan Road, is the center of Shanghai's contemporary art scene, with more than 100 artists whose studios are open to the public. This district, on the bank of Suzhou Creek, was previously a textile factory until it seized production in 1999. Xue Song, a Shanghai artist, was the first to establish a studio there in 2002. Where: No. 50 Moganshan Road, Pudong District, Shanghai Opening hours: 10 am-5 pm (closed Mondays) 798 Art Zone, Beijing Attracted by ordered designing, convenient traffic and unique style of Bauhaus architecture, art organizations and artists have crowded in the vacant plants and transformed them since 2001, gradually forming a district gathered galleries, art studios, cultural companies, fashion shops etc. As the earliest area where the organizations and artists moved in located in the original area of 798 factory, this place was named as Beijing 798 Art Zone. Where: No. 4 Jiuxianqiao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing. Opening hours: 10 am-6 pm \n Answer: Redtory, Guangzhou.",
            "output": [
                "If you are going to visit an art zone at 7pm, which one can you go to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a06d2450f344492287fa127b8799e68f",
            "input": "Article: Philip Pullman spent a great deal of his childhood traveling abroad because both his father and stepfather were pilots in the Royal Air Force . As a child, he went on several long ocean voyages, and he lived in Africa and in Australia. \"Before I was 11 I had been to eight different schools.\" \"In Australia, I made a great discovery. TV hadn't reached Australia yet, but everyone listened to the radio. I remember listening to gangster serials , and cowboy serials, and best of all--Superman! When I first saw a superman comic , it changed my life. I'd been reading books for a long time, but I'd never known comics before. Soon afterwards, I discovered Batman, too, whom I loved even more.\" Pullman started writing his first novel the day after he had finished his final exams at Oxford University. \"I discovered after about an hour that it was much harder than I'd expected. It still is! I found that the amount I could write comfortably every day was about three pages, so that's what I've done ever since.\" Before he became a full-time writer, Pullman had been teaching for many years. \"What I enjoyed most during that time was telling stories over and over, until I knew them as well as I knew my own life.\" He had always loved telling stories--as a schoolboy he had entertained his friends by reading stories to them, or by making up his own. One day he got a letter that had arrived at his door even though the writer of the letter didn't know his address. The envelope  just said, \"Philip Pullman, The Storyteller, Oxford.\" \n Answer: He traveled a lot when he was a young child.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about Pullman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0a343ebbf7f5408198632749157ffae5",
            "input": "Article: Founded two years ago, All Green Electronics Recycling is a full-service electronics recycler and collector. It offers pick-up services as well as hundreds of convenient drop-off locations, nationwide. Currently, it collects more than two million pounds of electronics per month. All Green Electronics Recycling announces its new national headquarters' grand opening on January 13, 2011 from 5:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. ---- a Green Carpet Event ---- followed by a free, three-day electronics recycling event aimed at giving back to the local community in Orange County. Both are open to the public and are located at: 15561 Del Amo Ave. in Tustin.  \"We are particularly excited about the promising new job opportunities available for California residents,\" says Arman Sadeghi, CEO, All Green Electronics Recycling.  All Green is growing at jaw-dropping rates. While many companies continue to cut back and lay off valuable employees, All Green has hired a new person every 4.1 days since its incorporation and is predicted to hire another 100 employees in the next six months. In addition to new jobs, many local non-profits and schools will also benefit. All Green is creating community partnerships and setting up collection events while donating a percentage of the proceeds from the recycled electronics.  Rather than allowing old televisions or computers to end up at the dump, All Green provides the public with a way of recycling their old working or non-working electronics safely and responsibly for free. In fact, those with at least 10 computers, monitors and televisions can go to:[Link] to schedule a free pick up in many areas.  Unlike many of its competitors, the company sorts and separates all e-waste within their warehouse and does not ship anything overseas for processing. It also ensures that any electronics placed in its care will never find its way into a landfill. All Green already has a recycling facility in Sacramento and is set to expand its New York operations within 60 days.  For more information: to check out the Electronics Recycling Carbon Footprint Calculator; or to locate a facility in your area, visit: www.allgreenrecycling.com. \n Answer: It has no head quarter in he past two years.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true ofAll Green Electronics Recycling?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9be7ecbe70b42288d1d4eb4a5531b6c",
            "input": "Article: As a young adult, Noah Webster was a teacher. At this time, the colonies were fighting for independence from Britain. Yet the books that American children used in school all came from Britain. The books were all about British people and British places. Webster wanted books that would mean more to American children. So he wrote three books that used American examples -- a grammar book, a spelling book, and a reader. These books were very popular, and millions of them were sold. Webster was interested in changing the spellings of words. He wanted words to be spelled the way they were pronounced. For example, he thought the word \"head\" should be spelled \"hed\", and the word \"laugh\" should be spelled \"laf\". People liked Webster's suggestions. However, few words were actually changed. One group of words that were changed were words in which an unpronounced \"u\" followed an \"o\". That is why Americans write \"color\" and \"labor\", and the British write \"colour\" and \"labour\". With the money he made from his books, Webster was able to write. It was the first American English dictionary, published in 1828. Webster's dictionary had over 70000 words and gave the meaning and origin of each. To this day, Webster's work is the example that most dictionaries of American English follow. \n Answer: As a teacher, Noah Webster wasn't satisfied with the books he used.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is right?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-94c8b4ed527b4eb4a7afebc0f0e2de0b",
            "input": "Article: An Ofsted  study reports that teachers are discouraging students who want to leave school and work as apprentices  in beauty salons  or hair dressers. Inspectors questioned 105 young people for a report on apprenticeships published on Wednesday. They found several examples of young people who felt they had been laughed at by their teachers for wanting to progress to work-based learning, particularly in care or hairdressing, rather than stay on at school. Right or wrong, is it any surprise that this is happening? From 2014,the government will measure schools according to the rate of their pupils who go to university. Brian Lightman , general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders, says the government has already put teachers under \"very great pressure to focus on academic subjects\" On the other hand, the Education Act 2011,which came into force in November, places schools under a duty to give fair career advice to pupils. This advice must include information on all post-16 education and training choices, including apprenticeships. This doesn't appear to be happening in several schools, according to Ofsted9S report. Many of the young people the inspectors talked to said the advice they had received on apprenticeships was \"unsatisfactory\". Schools were also blamed for lack of work experience courses, which are particularly important for teenagers considering an apprenticeship. _ help students decide whether they enjoy a line of work and enable employers to see whether those on work experience have the potential to be hired as apprentices in future years. But there is a good reason why they can't do this: they'd be unable to adapt to GCSE  exams if they did. Sometimes, it seems, schools just can't win. \n Answer: The government urges teachers to concentrate on academic subjects.",
            "output": [
                "Why do teachers oppose the students' leaving school and working as apprentices?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af2a7e75c4a34fce868a5f9d5e5b739f",
            "input": "Article: Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the life goals of their elders. Events which the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one before. Today the difference is very noticeable indeed. The old always believe that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don't like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is exactly what the young are doing. Wouldn't people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear dull grey suits and very short haircuts? Who said that human differences can best be solved through normal politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solve their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilty in their personal lives, so occupied with mean ambitions and the desire to collect more and more wealth? Haven't the old lost touch with all that is important in life? These are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasn't been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guidance. Today, the situation might be opposite. The old--if they are prepared to admit it--could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not wrong. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your free time. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. This emphasis on the present is only to be expected because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation  . This is just what the older generation has passed down to them. \n Answer: Hard-working",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about the young is NOT mentioned in the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cb03c3bd6b934e88bf56a8be0756d638",
            "input": "Article: It was only 5 o'clock in the morning. The house was quiet and Tim' s mother was still asleep. Only the sound of the big freezer broke the quiet. He'd dreamt of the cave last night. The purring   of the freezer had been the sea. Tim pulled on a sweater and put some apples into his schoolbag. It was too early for breakfast. He' d eat after he' d been through the cave, sitting on the rocks and staring at the sea. He wished he had a proper pack. His schoolbag would have to do. What else? Sandwiches-but his mother might wake up if he started pulling out bread for sandwiches, she'd want to know why he had to leave so early. He settled for some biscuits, and left a note stuck to the table: Gone to Michael's. Back tonight, Tim. The sky was high and soft and light outside, though the sun still wasn't up. Even the highway up the hill was quiet as he made his way down the street. The wind from the sea was fresh and sweet. The sand hills still breathed heat from yesterday's sun, though the top of the sand was cool. He ran down to the beach impatiently, but there was no one, just dry sand dancing in the early wind and seabirds marching up and down watching the waves. The light changed suddenly. The first rays of sunlight stretched   across the sea. The sun was pushing its way over the edge of the world. Over the first rocks, along to the point, Tim glanced back. The beach was still empty. The sun sailed higher in the sky. He could see the cave now, even darker in the morning light. The sand turned silver then dark gold as the water flowed away from it. He had to force himself to go closer. Why was it so much more mysterious   now? But it would be silly to go back now after so much trouble. He needn't go in all the way... \n Answer: He left the house quietly.",
            "output": [
                "What did Tim do at the beginning of the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dbe7e61b6b864fac8931e680403f9ec5",
            "input": "Article: You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. \"They\" did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. \"They\" are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as \"they\" are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others. Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don't let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don't blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish  in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives. In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life. In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are. \n Answer: To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e526b4cd2ed74a65a9a2fd5b50b45946",
            "input": "Article: A college student has turned the act of telling someone off into an art form. Lama Ali, who attend school in Virginia, had three final assignments due on the same day for her fashion drawing class. Exhausted after working on painting for seven hours straight, the 20-year-old decided to include a message in American Sign Language to her professor: When your drawing teacher assigns 3 finals so you secretly write \"you got me fucked up\" in sign language on your final piece. ----Shawty Arabia(@LemAli23) December 7,2016 \"You got me fucked up,\" a bunch of hands in the painting spell out in ASL, in a form of sign known as finger spelling , which uses signs for each letter, rather than for the words themselves. \"Honestly the idea just came to me while I was finishing up the piece,\" Ali toldThe Huffington Post.\" I was looking at it and thought, 'This could really use something else'. And then the idea struck me: Why not secretly express how I was feeling while struggling at the library at 4 a. m.?\" Once the fashion design major had finished her masterpiece, she posted it to Twitter on Dec. 7, where it has received over 113,000likes and 48,000 retweets  . Ali, who does not know ASL, toldHuffPostshe taught herself a little bit just for this particular assignment. \"You know it's bad when you have to learn a whole other language to express how done you are,\" she said. \"I remembered seeing a post on Tumblr long ago with a similar phrase by the post, she decided to look up the letters in ASL to spell out the message. Someone on Twitter even did the good work of circling them in the painting. Ali toldHuffPostthat when she finally presented the piece to her professor in her class, he absolutely loved it. \"Most of my friends in class actually knew about the secret message, so I was really surprised when no one laughed or blew my cover during critique .\" She also admits that her professor still doesn't know about the message, despite her post getting so much attention. \n Answer: You really worn me out.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is closest in meaning to \"You got me fucked up\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-817d759844cb4ff3a2a7586bad5cd047",
            "input": "Article: HANGZHOU, April 4 (Xinhua) --Another H7N9 bird flu case has been confirmed in east China's Zhejiang Province, the provincial health department said Thursday, bringing the country's total number of cases to 10. The patient is a 64-year-old man from Huzhou City. He became ill on March 29 and was admitted to a hospital in Huzhou on March 31. On Thursday, medical experts confirmed that he was infected with the H7N9 bird flu strain after the provincial center for disease control and prevention said late Wednesday that he tested positive for the virus. An investigation has found that all 55 people who had close contact with the man have not showed any abnormal clinical symptoms, the department said. So far, China has confirmed 10 H7N9 cases -- four in Jiangsu Province, two in Shanghai Municipality, one in Anhui Province and three in Zhejiang. The two patients in Shanghai and one in Zhejiang have died. Health authorities and hospitals in many Chinese provinces have been on high alert for H7N9 cases. In Nanchang, capital of Jiangxi Province, which neighbors Zhejiang, five hospitals have been selected and ordered to be ready to treat H7N9 patients, though no cases have been reported there. China's health authorities have promised transparency  and cooperation to the World Health Organization (WHO) in regards to human infections of the new strain of bird flu. On Wednesday afternoon, the National Health and Family Planning Commission distributed prevention and control plans and technique directives to health institutions nationwide. \"So far, the sources of infection have not been clear, but based on past experiences and recent epidemiological   studies, the sources could be poultry or the secretion and excrement from poultry,\" according to the plan. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention said Wednesday that no human-to-human transmission of H7N9 has been discovered and no epidemiological connection between these cases has been found. \n Answer: The 10th H7N9 infection case has been confirmed in China.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-22ff60e0158f49faaef3359cb2b88c08",
            "input": "Article: Nobody knows for   certainty all the details of the life of Aesop. However, scholars have been working to established some facts and this is the brief story of Aesop as it is accepted today. Aesop was born a slave around the year 620 B.C. InAncient Greece, it was a privilege and tradition of freedmen to be interested in public affairs, so Aesop worked hard to raise himself from a servile slave's position to a high position of renown. He was a thinker and philosopher and eventually became widely admired. Aesop was a smart man and a good speaker. He liked to learn and to also teach people, so he traveled through many countries. He came to Sardis, the capital of the famous king Croesus of Lydia who was a patron of learning and learned men.  Croesus was so impressed by Aesop that he invited Aesop to permanently reside at Sardis. The king hired Aesop to do diplomatic government work such as trying to establish peace between the various republics of Greece. Aesop reconciled the inhabitants of these cities by telling his wise fables.  It was on one of these ambassadorial missions that Aesop was killed. Croesus had sent him to Delphi with lots of gold which was to be distributed among the citizens. After talking with the people of Delphi, Aesop got so mad at the citizens because of their covetousness. He refused to divide the money and instead sent it back to his master. The Delphians were so mad they executed Aesop as a public criminal.  As it often happens in Greek history, the Delphians were visited by a series of calamities as a sort of retribution for Aesop's death. This is where the phrase \"the blood of Aesop\" originated. The saying means \"wrongful deeds will not go unpunished\".  In memory of Aesop, a statue was erected in Athens. The statue was created by the famous Greek sculptor, Lysippus. \n Answer: Because he desired to join in public affairs.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Aesop work so hard?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3773523fdd7e43428ac760de12632408",
            "input": "Article: Primary Source Holiday Shopping Night at Ten Thousand Villages * Shop for your holiday gifts and give back to Primary Source at Ten Thousand Villages on Friday, December 4! 15% of all sales from 3:00 p. m.--7:00 p. m. that day will be donated to Primary Source. Join us for light refreshments and enjoy beautiful handmade gifts from artisans around the world. All are welcome! Primary Source's Holiday Shopping Night Friday, December 4, 2014 3:00 p. m.--7:00 p. m. Ten Thousand Villages 226 Harvard Street, Brookline, Massachusetts (Coolidge Corner) Download our _ and tell your friends! Ten Thousand Villages provides vital, fair income for the people from developing countries by marketing their handicrafts and telling their stories in North America. Learn more and preview toys, home decor, jewelry, and other gifts online. * Can't join us on Dec. 4? At GoodShop, 30% of your spending will be given to Primary Source. The next time you're ready to make an online purchase , visit www. goodshop. com and enter \"Primary Source\" in the space provided. Click \"verify\" and choose from more than seven hundred popular stores and sites, from Apple to Zappos. GoodShop is free and easy to use, and each purchase you make will help Primary Source provide global education materials for schools all over New England. \n Answer: An organization.",
            "output": [
                "What is Ten Thousand Villages?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1eda785ae0164519997300748d309193",
            "input": "Article: Some people have very good memory  and they can easily remember quite long texts. There are other people who can only remember things when they have said them again and again. The famous English writer Charles Dickens said that he could walk down any long street in London and then tell you the name of every shop he had passed. Many great men of the world have a wonderful memory. A good memory is greatly helpful in learning a language. Everybody learns his own language by remembering what he hears when he is a small child, and some children, like the boys and girls who live abroad  with their parents, seem to learn two languages almost as easily as one. In school it is not so easy to learn a second language because the students have so little time for it, and they are very busy with other subjects too. A man's mind is like a camera, but it takes photos not only of what we see but also of what we feel, hear, smell and taste. When we take a real photo with a camera, Some people have very good memory  and they can easily remember quite long texts.In the same way, there is much work to be done before we can keep a picture forever  in our minds. Memory is a diary, and we all carry it about us. We keep things we have experienced  in this diary. \n Answer: Many people may never become great though they have a good memory.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b7394e558bb24b5ebec74d440c28e315",
            "input": "Article: Coca-Cola has created a publicity stunt   in Singapore -- a vending machine   which gives out free cans of Coke in return for hugs. The _ idea is part of the company's Open Happiness campaign designed to attract young people in Singapore. Students at the National University of Singapore were surprised to find that the soft drinks company had placed the machine in the schoolyard. But instead of the drinks brand's logo  , the words \"Hug Me\" are written across its red-and-white logo. Instead of paying money, customers have to hug the drinks machine to receive a free can of Coke. Public displays of affection are uncommon and have long been discouraged in Singapore, but are on the rise among young people. The move is part of a campaign created by the advertising firm Ogilvy & Mather, intended to let the youth to see the brand as a non-threatening friend. Leonardo O'Grady, leader of the campaign, said, \"Happiness is contagious  . The Coca-Cola Hug Machine is a simple idea to spread some happiness. We want to spread happiness in an unexpected, creative way to attract not only the people present, but the audience at large.\" He hopes that it will encourage consumers to bring positivity, optimism and fun into their lives and to open a Coke, sharing a little happiness. The machines have been such a success that there are plans to roll them out across Asia. Mr. O'Grady added, \"The reaction was amazing -- at one point we had four to five people hugging the machine at the same time as well as each other! In fact, there was a long line of people looking to give hugs.\" \n Answer: To show Coca-Cola is especially generous.",
            "output": [
                "What was the purpose of the campaign?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-63ef111c8692435e95b21ed39abfa439",
            "input": "Article: My wife Julie and I were out on the road that runs around where we live, when we saw an old worn-out dog stumbling   painfully up the road. We stopped, bent down, talked gently to the dog and patted it. I checked and there was a collar with a phone number. I called but no one answered. The dog was painfully thin. So Julie ran home to get some of our dog's food while I tried to encourage the dog. After Julie came back, we sat down on the sidewalk while our new friend made short work of the food. Eventually we got her home. After trying for many times we got a response from the number. A lady came around with a bunch of flowers for us. She explained that Tara had been her father's dog. She was very old and got lost that morning. So, Tara was safely returned home. Here is the truth of the story: Actually Julie and I were out that morning because I was leaving. She was trying to persuade me to come back, but I wasn't hearing anything that made that sound likely. I was about to turn and go when an old black dog walked between us and almost fell down. Suddenly we had something more important than _ to worry about. There was a creature in need right before us and we had to work together to help it. We did help it. And here I am writing the story in my own home, in my own family. In the song \"Love Is Not a Fight\" Warren Barfield talks about marriage. At one point he sings, \"And if we try to leave, may God send angels   to guard the door.\" Sometimes angels come disguised   as dogs. \n Answer: Thin and worn out.",
            "output": [
                "How was the dog when found?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-728d8c008ed24b568992fd3cb4c841e9",
            "input": "Article: This is a true story that happened in Japan. In order to _ the house, a Japanese tore open the walls. Japanese houses normally have a empty space between the wooden walls. When tearing down the walls, he found that there was a lizard  stuck there because a nail from outside was hammered into one of its feet. He saw this, feeling pity and curious. When he checked the nail, he found it was nailed 10 years ago when the house was first built. What happened? The lizard had survived in such a position for 10 years! It has been in a dark wall partition   for 10 years without moving! Then he wondered how this lizard survived for 10 years without moving a single step--since its foot was nailed! So he stopped his work and observed the lizard: What has it been doing? What and how has it been eating? Later, he didn't know from where another lizard appeared, with food in its mouth. Ah! He was astonished and touched deeply. The free lizard had been feeding the stuck one for the past 10 years. Such love, a beautiful love! Such love happened with this tiny creature... What can love do? It can do wonders! Just think about it: one lizard had been feeding the other one untiringly for 10 long years, without giving up hope on its partner. If a small creature like a lizard can love like this, just imagine how we can love if we try. \n Answer: Usual",
            "output": [
                "How did the Japanese feel when seeing the stuck lizard?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e1c208a71e8f4784bc906ad9f77a99e6",
            "input": "Article: Western teens share their top tunes Have you ever wondered what kind of music kids across the Pacific Ocean are listening to? Are they crazy about Britney Spears? Do they love the Backstreet Boys? Or do they dance to Eminem? Well, nearly 6,000 teens have taken part in a Teens & Music study, conducted by USA Weekend Magazine last autumn. And the results show what type of music is hot and what is not. It comes as no surprise that hip-hop   and rap   are the most popular types of music among American teenagers. They began in the mid-1970s, with young black kids in New York, taking music onto the streets. Hip-hop and rap are well-known for the breakdancing   that goes with them. The word \"rap\" comes from a 1960s slang   word for conversation. It is a rapid, slangy rhyme   that is spoken rather than sung. Eminem is among the most popular rappers ever to hit the US. His first album \"The Marshall Mathers LP\" topped the American music chart   in May 2000. Although about a third of teens in the US showed their support for him, almost as many said that his music was so offensive that they couldn't listen to it. Compared with Eminem, actor-rapper Will Smith is more of a star for the kids. He was awarded the Wannabe Award, on April 12 at Nickelodeon's 16th Annual Kids' Choice Awards. It is an award given to a celebrity whom kids most want to be. Pop music, such as Brittney Spears and the Backstreet Boys has always suited the tastes of the general public. It continues to enjoy support among teens and is second most popular after rap. Third is rock -- music with exciting dance beats   and simple lyrics that speak loudly of social problems. The melodies   are led by electric guitars. Rock became popular in the US in the early 1950s. American singer Elvis Presley and British group the Beatles became world-famous rock artists. The study also showed that jazz is least loved by American teens. It developed in the latter part of the 19th century from a mixture of African work songs and hymns  . Jazz tends to be the type of music that people enjoy more as they get older. \n Answer: Jazz.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following developed the earliest, according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b41cf5fdf3444f54b63eff8506dcec66",
            "input": "Article: When I was 16 years old, a boy gave me an important gift. It was a smile. It was the early autumn of my first year at a junior high school, and my old school was far away. As a result, no one knew who I was. I was very lonely, and afraid to make friends with anyone. Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing, I felt my heart break. I couldn't talk about anyone with my problems. And I didn't want my parents to worry about me. Then one day, my classmates talked happily with their friends, but I sat at my desk unhappily as usual. At that moment, a boy entered the classroom. I didn't know who he was. He passed me and then turned back. He looked at me, without a word, a smile. Suddenly, I felt the touch of something bright and friendly. It made me feel happy, lively and warm. That smile changed my life. I started to talk with other students and made friends. Day by day, I became closer to everyone in my class. The boy with the lucky smile has become my best friend now. One day I asked him why he smiled, but he couldn't remember smiling at me!It doesn't matter because all the dark days have gone. I believe that the world is what you think it is. If you think it lonely, you might always be alone. So smile at world and it will smile back. \n Answer: Because it made the writer feel happy, lively and warm.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the smile an important gift?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8a9e2fe78ba64e7ba16a29c1b1ab5221",
            "input": "Article: For most of my 15 years, my father usually said very little to my mother and me. He preferred reading the newspaper or watching football matches on television to talking to his family. Everything changed one morning. As soon as I came downstairs to breakfast, I could see that he wasn't his usual reserved   self. \"Can't wait! FIFA World Cup! Big match! Must see!\"    I quickly figured out what all the excitement was about: Dad is a big football fan. I had never been interested in football, but Dad's excitement that morning made me more and more curious. I had to find out why this sport was making my normally reserved father act like a five-year-old on his first trip to Disneyland. Dad decided that we should all eat at a little German restaurant so that we could watch the World Cup while eating. Secretly, I think he was hoping to turn Mum and me into football fans. The match started a few minutes after we entered the restaurant. As I was eating my meal, a loud noise came from the television. Surprised, I looked up at the TV: \"Why is that man jumping up and down?\" Dad patiently explained: \"That's Papa Bouba Diop, my son. It's normal for them to jump up and down after they've scored.\" Dad explained almost everything to me. His monosyllabic   answers were a thing of the past. I loved the new Dad! I watched the rest of the match, becoming more and more interested. When I told my father that I planned to watch more matches with him, he smiled and gave me a wink  . At long last we had something in common. Football has really helped Dad and me get closer and form a stronger relationship with each other. Who says football is only about 22 men running after a silly ball? \n Answer: A man of few words.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words can best describe the author's father?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9a5a7302a01b4c7589e2da2e1200184a",
            "input": "Article: All her life, my mother wanted busy children. It was very important that her house should remain at all things clean and tidy. You could turn your back for a moment in my mother's house, leave a half written letter on the dining room table, a magazine open on the chair, and turn around to find that my mother had \"put it back where it belonged.\" as she explained. My wife, on one of her first visits to my mother's house, placed a packet of biscuits on an end table and went to the kitchen to fetch a drink. When she returned, she found the packet had been removed. Confused  , she set down her drink and went back to the kitchen for more biscuits, only to return to find that her drink had disappeared. Up to then she had guessed that everyone in my family held onto their drinks, so as not to make water rings on the end tables. Now she knows better. These disappearances had a confusing effect on our family. We were all inclined to (......) forgetfulness, and it was common for one of us, upon returning from the bathroom, to find the every sign of his work in progress had disappeared suddenly. \"Do you remember what I was doing?\" was a question frequently asked, but rarely answered. Now _ , and my brother does the cleaning in his house, perhaps to avoid having to be the one to lift his feet. I try not to think about it too much, but I have at this later time started to dust the furniture once a week. \n Answer: She wanted to keep her house in good order.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about my mother?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c218f316ac79412d9369b06d18c7df26",
            "input": "Article: While waiting to pick up a friend at an airport in Portland, Oregon, I had one of those lifechanging experiences that you hear other people talk about--the kind that happens to you unexpectedly. To me, this happened and was only two feet away from me. Locating my friend among the passengers, I noticed a man coming toward me carrying two light bags. He stopped right next to me to greet his family. First he walked to his youngest son (maybe 6 years old) as he laid down his bags. They gave each other a long, loving hug. As they separated enough to look in each other's face, I heard the father say,\"It's so good to see you, son. I missed you so much!\" His son smiled somewhat shyly, and replied softly,\"Me, too, Dad!\" Then the man stood up, gazed into the eyes of his oldest son (maybe 9 or 10) and while cupping his son's face in his hands said, \"You're already quite a young man. I love you very much, Zach!\" They too hugged a most loving, tender hug. While this was happening, a baby girl (perhaps one or oneandahalfyear old) was squirming   excitedly in her mother's arms, never once taking her little eyes off the wonderful sight of her returning father. The man said,\"Hi, baby girl!\" as he gently took the child from her mother. He quickly kissed her face all over and then held her close to his chest while rocking her from side to side. The little girl instantly relaxed and simply laid her head on his shoulder, motionless in pure contentment. After several moments, he handed his daughter to his oldest son and declared,\"I've saved the best for last!\" and went to give his wife the longest, most passionate kiss I ever remember seeing. He gazed into her eyes for several seconds and then silently mouthed, \"I love you so much!\" They stared into each other's eyes, beaming big smiles at one another, while holding both hands. For an instant they reminded me of newlyweds, but I knew by the age of their kids that they couldn't possibly be. I puzzled about it for a moment then realized how totally attentive I was in the wonderful display of unconditional love not more than an arm's length away from me.  I suddenly felt uncomfortable, as if I was invading something sacred, but was amazed to hear my own voice nervously ask,\"Wow! How long have you two been married?\" \"Been together fourteen years total, married twelve of those.\" he replied, without breaking his gaze from his lovely wife's face. \"Well then, how long have you been away?\" I asked. The man finally turned and looked at me, still beaming his joyous smile. \"Two whole days!\" Two days? I was stunned. I had assumed he'd been gone for at least several weeks--if not months. I know my expression betrayed me. \"I hope my marriage is still that passionate after twelve years!\" The man suddenly stopped smiling. He looked me straight in the eye, and with forcefulness that burned right into my soul, he told me something that left me a different person, \"Don't hope, friend... decide!\" Then he flashed me his wonderful smile again, shook my hand and said,\"God bless!\" With that, he and his family turned and walked away together. I was still watching that exceptional man and his special family walk just out of sight when my friend came up to me and asked, \"What are you looking at?\" Without hesitating, and with a curious sense of certainty, I replied,\"My future!\" \n Answer: Sweet.",
            "output": [
                "Which word could best describe the baby girl?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c001417d95694166a4a42d4489aead48",
            "input": "Article: Why are so many people afraid to fail? Quite simply because we forget that failure is part of the human life and that every person has the right to fail. Every person is able to fight failure and finally succeed. Most parents work hard at preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards . When a child finishes making a table, the mother describes it as \"perfect\" even though it doesn't stand still. Another way is to blame others. If John fails in science, his teacher is unfair or stupid. There's a problem with the two ways. It makes a child unprepared for life in the real world. Young children need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time, and that it's possible to enjoy a game even when you don't win. A child often feels terrible, of course, when he is not invited to a birthday party, or is not chosen into a football team. But parents should not say \"It doesn't matter.\" quickly. The young should be allowed to experience failure and be helped to come out of it. Failure never gives people pleasure. It hurts both adults and children. But it can be really good to your life when you learn to use it. You must learn to ask \"Why did I fail?\" Don't blame anyone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong and how you can improve. If someone else can help, don't be shy about asking them. Success just repeats what has been done. It is not as good a teacher as failure. You can learn how to give a good party from an unsuccessful one. \n Answer: They don't tell them that they have failed.",
            "output": [
                "How do most parents prevent their children from failure?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b06ec0912ee2443ba14b0116b4a1c33c",
            "input": "Article: The smartphone has become the centerpiece of many students' digital lives. Yes, it can be a distraction(,), but it is also an incredible tool that can transform classroom learning and late-night studying. Professors and students are starting to explore what the smartphone can contribute to learning-and there is a whole host of apps  to help that process along. There are also plenty of apps to help students with the less academic parts of college life. To download any of these apps, search the iTunes App Store or Android Market. iOS apps are built for Apple's mobile platform and can run on the iPhone, iPod Touch or iPad. Skype Cost: Free Platform: Android, BlackBerry, iOS More and more smartphones now ship with front-facing cameras that make them great video chat tools. There are several competitors here ---- including Apple's FaceTime ----but Skype is still the best cross-platform tool for keeping in touch with faraway friends and family. Users on either end can be on a computer, smartphone. Grades 2 Cost: Free Platform: iOS This app is a sophisticated tool for calculating grades. Students can use it to figure out what grade they'll need on a test to achieve their target grade and also keeps track of overall GPA, weighted by each class's credit count. Students can also enter due dates for assignments as reminders. The app is free and supported by ads, but users can pay $1 inside the app to turn them off. Snoozerr Recordings Cost: 99 cents Platform: iOS This is a great tool for logging long lecture classes or smaller study sessions . It records audio and pairs that with time-stamped pictures that the student takes of presentations--- say, equations on a blackboard----or of his or her own notes. When the student wants to review, he or she can use the pictures as a visual guide to what the instructor was saying and replay that section. TED Cost: Free Platform: iOS This app is great for the student in everyone. It compiles video from hundreds of presentations at technology, entertainment and design----a conference that features short speeches focused on new ways of thinking. Presenters often speak about technology, social good or education and challenge societal norms. It's a great way to spend an hour or so hearing from some of the world's leading minds for free. All of the videos are also available at www.ted.com. AroundMe Cost: Free Platform: Android and iOS This app uses a smartphone's GPS to find nearby locations by category such as banks, gas stations, bars, coffee shops, restaurants and supermarkets---- all the college staples . \n Answer: Science & Tech.",
            "output": [
                "In which section of a newspaper could you find this article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-63b4abbc0fd44d1c93be5fbe465f3962",
            "input": "Article: Imagine life without the Internet -- not being able to chat with your friends or look up information for your homework or research project. That is the reality for nearly two-thirds of our world's population, either because they cannot afford WiFi access or are located in remote, inaccessible areas. Now Google has decided to do something about that. Google's Project Loon will attempt to send balloons high up into our earth's atmosphere in 2015. Each balloon will be equipped with a mini computer and a WiFi radio that will send Internet signals over the places it is floating over. The network equipment on Google balloons will communicate with a special antenna   attached to each user's home. These antennae are in turn connected to a local Internet Service Provider. Each balloon will also communicate with each other to hand over signals as one floats out of an area, and another floats in. The balloons are 15 meters wide and made of a material that is three times thicker than the plastic bag at the supermarket. This helps them defend themselves against cold temperatures and changing air pressure. Google balloons will circle the earth at a height of 20 kilometers-- in a layer of our atmosphere known as the stratosphere  . This is higher than the altitude at which planes fly. Once the balloons reach the desired altitude after being released from the earth, they will ride on air currents.   What keeps these balloons from flying away? They will be controlled by people at the Project Loon command center. A pump operating on solar power will fill the balloon with gas to raise it or let gas out to lower it, based on instructions. This allows the balloon to float on different air currents which are moving either clockwise   or anti-clockwise. There is no doubt that this technology can bring education to many children, weather information to farmers, and communication to natural disaster areas. However, one big question remains -- will some countries be comfortable with balloons above their heads? There could be concerns about spying and other problems. \n Answer: Helping us learn more about the earth's atmosphere.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of Google's Project Loon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-39c23b5d991a46589ad3231cfbc8af5f",
            "input": "Article: Americans have always been hungry for the holidays. After all, a big Thanksgiving feast is one of our country's oldest traditions, older than America itself. Thankfully, the spirit behind Thanksgiving has never changed, either. It has always been a special time to be thankful for the blessings of the past year. The feast that has become known as the First Thanksgiving was actually a harvest festival celebrated in December of 1621. That's when English settlers in Plymouth, Massachusetts, gave thanks for the progress they had made after a harsh winter in their new country. Guests at outdoor tables gobbled   up ducks, geese turkeys, clams, eels, fish, wild plums, corn bread and other goodies. About 90 Native Americans also came and brought five deer to add to the feast. The festival lasted for three days. Thanksgiving customs spread and expanded along with the rest of America. After the American Revolution, George Washington proclaimed  that the first national Thanksgiving would be on November 26, 1789. In the decades to follow, however, people celebrate Thanksgiving locally and with no official date. A women's magazine editor named Sarah Josepha Hale wanted to change this. After years of trying hard to get support, she finally persuaded President Abraham Lincoln to proclaim the last Thursday in November 1863 as a national day of Thanksgiving. It stayed that way for 75 years afterward until 1939, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt set it one week earlier. He wanted to lengthen the shopping period before Christmas to encourage gift-buyers and help businesses. So Congress ruled that, after 1941, Thanksgiving would be an official federal holiday falling each year on the fourth Thursday of November. This year we celebrated Thanksgiving on Thursday, November 26. \n Answer: To celebrate the arrival in the new country.",
            "output": [
                "Why do Americans celebrate Thanksgiving?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-38e4fc0d2bdb470db94b5605ff66736a",
            "input": "Article: The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928). After immigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous  fire of 1871. In those days, it was nicknamed \"the Garden City\", almost certainly the source of Howard's name for his later building plan of towns. Returning to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, _ ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination  of designs. The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities. At the same time, the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression  and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor much social life. Howard's idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. Howard's idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside; far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price. Garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries. They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions. As more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limit-----Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away. Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide rang of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city. \n Answer: By using the nickname of the reconstructed Chicago.",
            "output": [
                "How did Howard get the name for his building plan of garden cities?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6300916900c744c4b651dd6be8256b61",
            "input": "Article: Two years ago ,Hannah Mighall ,then 13, survived a great white shark attack on Tasmania's north-east coast, but despite the terrible scars ,the shy yet courageous teenager is determined to get back into the water. It's been a long journey back for the brave girl, whose life was changed forever as she was on her surfboard 60 metres offshore at Binalong, Bay ,Tasmania. Her cousin ,32-yeaf-old syb Mundy ,was surfing nearby, \"Suddenly, everything went quiet ,\"Hannah ,now15,recalls of the day she almost lost her life, \"I look down into the water and noticed a dark shadow under my board I knew instantly it was a shark.\" As Syb watched in horror, the five-metre shark put hundreds of sharp teeth onto Hannah's right leg,throwing her from her board, \"I was attached to my leg-rope as the shark stared to pull me under the water\",She shakes, \"I was lying on my back with one leg under the shark's body and the other still in its jaws.\" Syb desperately punched  the shark's nose and reached out to grab Hannah as the monster bit a huge chunk from the surfboard, \"I was still attached to my board and was dragged back under the water again,\"she says ,When she came up for air, Hannah dog paddled to Syb's board and he dragged her from the water to lie on his back ,\"We looked down and saw the shark circling beneath us,\"Hannah says. Hannah was rushed to the hospital by helicopter ,She needed more than 400 stitches on her leg and spent two weeks in hospital. Modest about her remarkable courage, Hannah owes her survival to Syb's bravery and the fact that great whites,despite their reputation as man-eaters, typically don't target humans ,After the attack ,Hannah earned the Sea Shepherd award for courage for speaking in defence of the shark \"I was in his territory, she wasn't in mine,\"she smiles. \n Answer: Sharks Can Target Humans Sometimes",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9dfae19ee8ae48109f0f79b796cdcdef",
            "input": "Article: Rich or poor, we all have problems: that unfaithful mate, that irritating   colleague, that persistent disease, the investment that is turning into a huge loss. How do we remain calm, positive and even elegant in the face of all these difficulties of life?     That following suggestions may help.     It comes with the pay. I have a friend who used to complain about her dead-end job and unreasonable boss. Sound familiar? One day I told her, \"Look at it this way. You are getting paid for the annoyance as well as the work. It comes with the pay.\" This has become my favorite saying for work-related frustrations. \"Take every day as a bonus.\" When we learn to treasure every moment of what we have, we begin to see life in a whole new perspective.     It's all in the mind. Sure, the psychologists tell us it is important we work at resolving problems. But they also say if you try to resolve a problem that would not go away, it would only compound   the frustration. If you tell yourself there isn't a problem, there won't be one. It's all in the mind.     Stop thinking about your own problem ---help others instead. A lady who is combating a life-threatening disease revealed she coped with her illness by making herself useful, by offering help to others in a similar situation. She has spoken to at least five other women with breast cancer. She says that the sharing has helped her to find fresh meaning in her own life.     Never give up on your dream. Why do we give in and give up when meet difficulties? Is it because we have no confidence in our cause and no commitment   for what we pursue? It was said that Albert Einstein's last request on his death bed was to be given his equations and his unfinished statement declining the presidency of prefix = st1 /Israel. Einstein first picked up his equations and lamented to his son, \"If only I had more mathematics!\" What a great persistent spirit!     One strong-hearted lady was the late head of the tragic Kennedy family, Rose Kennedy. She said this on nationwide television one week after losing yet another son to an assassin's bullet---Boddy Kennedy: \"And we go on our way with no regrets not looking backwards to the past, but we shall carry on with courage.\"     Not the end of the world. Do you know something else? I've learned that care as you might, love as you might, some people just don't care back. And it's not the end of the world. After all, it's not the event that makes a person, is it? It's what we do about that happens to us. \n Answer: Helping others will make it easier for us to solve our own difficulties.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned by the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d92690d5ecad44b69642ecaff420d734",
            "input": "Article: The class teacher thought that hobbies were very important for every child.She encouraged all her pupils to have one, and sometimes arranged for their parents to come and see the work they had done as a result.   One Friday morning the teacher told the class that those of them who had a hobby could have a holiday that afternoon to get the things they had made as parts of their hobbies ready for their parents to see the following afternoon.   So on Friday afternoon, while those of the pupils who had nothing to show did their usual lessons, the lucky ones who had made something were allowed to go home, on condition that they returned before five o'clock to bring what they were going to show, and to arrange them.   When the afternoon lessons began, the teacher was surprised to see that Tommy was not there.He was the laziest boy in the class, and the teacher found it difficult to believe that he had a hobby.However, at a quarter to five, Tommy arrived with a beautiful collection of butterflies in glass cases.After his teacher had admired them and helped him to arrange them on a table in the classroom, she was surprised to see Tommy pick them up again and begin to leave.   \"What are you doing, Tommy?\" She asked.\"Those things must remain here until tomorrow afternoon.That's when the parents are coming to see them.\"   \"I know they are coming then, \" answered Tommy, \" and I will bring them back tomorrow, but my big brother doesn't want them to be out of our house at night in case they are stolen.\"   \"But what has it got to do with your big brother?\" asked the teacher, \"Aren't the butterflies yours?\"   \"No, \" answered Tommy.\"They belong to him.\"    \"But Tommy, you are supposed to show your own hobby here, not somebody else's ! \"said the teacher.   \"I know that , \" answered Tommy, \"My hobby is watching my brother collecting butterflies.\" \n Answer: Tommy's Hobby",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-35a18eba5a48434d8436bcb7dbd4dbe3",
            "input": "Article: You and your friends are settling into your seats. The new Spider- Man movie is about to start and you've got the snacks: soda and popcorn. Food is part of what makes the movie fun.      Just as the lights go out, you catch a slight smell of ...tuna fish?! You turn your head, searching for the source. Then you spot him: A couple rows back, some guy is enjoying a tuna fish sandwich. How's he get that in here? You wonder. Then you remember how much you paid for your snacks.      What invites the unwelcome outside food is probably the price. Why pay $5 for a bag of M&Ms when you can get them for a dollar at the corner store?      Earlier this year, a Michigan man decided to fight for his right to snack. Joshua Thompson is suing  his local theatre after it banned outside food. He argues the ban breaks a Michigan law that prevents business from charging extremely high prices. However, most legal  experts believe Thompson has little chance of winning his case though he does have a point: 85 percents out of every dollar of treats a movie theatre sells is pure profit  .       The truth is that movie theatres are more in the snack business than the movie business. A huge part of the ticket income goes to the Hollywood studio. This makes sense, since the studio have to pay the costs of movie production and advertising. But that often doesn't leave much cash for the theater, which also has its own running costs. If customers stopped buying food, owners would have to raise ticket prices even higher.       Of course, there's another reason to think twice before bringing food into the movies: It's against the rules. Breaking those rules can be unpleasant consequences, too. Some theatres will kick you out if they catch you. Even without the threat of punishment, we should follow rules all the time-----out of respect.       Here's a good idea: Eat before the movie. \n Answer: Bad manners in movie theatres.",
            "output": [
                "What is the topic of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-53bf82e7d64f4e1c929b9b36638053f4",
            "input": "Article: When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity  .To show this, she pick up one chopstick, taking it as one person.Then she easily broke it into two pieces.Next, she tied several chopsticks together, taking them as a family.She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks.This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California.However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money.They moved their family to San Francisco.There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop.Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant.The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young.However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard. Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business.They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles.Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful.Daughter Elisabeth explains, \"Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace.Without the strength of the family, there is no business.\" With three generations of Ans working together, now the Ans'business makes more than $20 million each year.Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together.Now they are a big success. \n Answer: Family Unity Builds Success",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a36482ecb4cb4265a4af23f95490d960",
            "input": "Article: One evening in November, Berlin received a telephone call from Mrs. Green. \"Please, Dr Berlin, come to my house. I had 50,000 dollars on my desk and now it is gone.\" Dr Berlin arrived at Mrs. Green's house at eight o'clock. First he asked Mrs. Green, \"When did you see the money last?\" \"At seven o'clock. I put it on my desk in my living room. Then I went to wash my hair. I came back at seven thirty and the money was gone.\" \"I see.\" Dr Berlin said. \"Were you alone in the house?\" \"No. My sister's son Jack is here, too.\" Then Dr Berlin and Mrs. Green went to Jack's room. \"Please, sit down,\" Jack said. Dr Berlin sat on the only chair in the room, and the chair was cold. He also saw some books on the ground near his feet. \"What have you been doing this evening?\" Dr Berlin asked. \"I came home at six-thirty, and went right to my room. I've been sitting in that chair and reading all the evening. I never got up and I never left the room. Maybe somebody came into the house and took my aunt's money.\" After hearing that, Dr Berlin was clear about who had taken the money. \n Answer: At 8:00",
            "output": [
                "When did Dr Berlin answer the phone from Mrs. Green?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-db10b29bce2d4d6a86fbe05bcca2b409",
            "input": "Article: Doing well in high school prepare students for life in college and beyond, so achieving student success is important. High school students learn valuable information form class lectures and homework, and by asking for help when it is needed. Being prepared for tests and engaging in school activities can help a student to achieve success in high school. Complete any homework you are assigned on time. Then, if you need help understanding a concept you will have plenty of time to get help. Create a study area in your home. This can be a quiet bench outside or a seating area in your room. If you like to listen to music while studying, listen to classical or reading music. Be sure to have plenty of lighting in the area to read your textbook or notes. Keep a schedule. If you have extra-curricular activities like sports or school meetings, make sure to schedule your homework and study time around them. Keeping a schedule will allow you to get better grades while having fun in high school. Eat breakfast. Having breakfast each morning before school will give you energy and brain function to pay better attention in class. Eat snacks during study sessions to keep alert  and focused on your work. Create a study group to help fellow high school students and get help if you need it. Studying with others will help reinforce concepts and information, and if you need help there will always be someone there to help you before you get behind in your studies. Set up after-school hours with your teacher if you need extra tutoring . Visiting a teacher for one-on-one time before a test will help you nail down those last few concepts you need help with. \n Answer: The study area should be bright enough for the students to read the textbook.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f5039b34cfba4bca9d5e080282337d0f",
            "input": "Article: Long ago, little attention was paid to a person's birthday. Even though everyone knew that people grew older, they had no way of correctly marking time. It wasn't until the early people learned more about how time passed that they made a note of time changes. Then they developed a calendar and began to celebrate special events such as birthdays. When birthdays first started to be celebrated during the early days, common people, especially children, hardly celebrated their birthdays.     Today, birthdays are celebrated by the young and the old alike all around the world. Many countries have different customs from ours of celebrating birthdays. At the same time there are a lot of people that celebrate birthdays in quite similar ways as we do. Some of the countries are very similar to the United States, such as Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Sweden and Switzerland.     Customs within countries can be affected by things like language, religion, geographic location, and economic conditions. No matter what the customs are, however, they are always followed by the majority of the people in each country. For example, not all children in the US have birthday parties, candles or birthday cakes, but most of them do. However, the reasons why we celebrate birthdays and use different symbols are very much the same to everyone. The reason why we have birthday parties goes back to long time ago. At that time people believed that good and bad spirits appeared when a child was born and influenced that child through his / her life. The belief brought about the custom of having birthday parties. They believed that surrounding the birthday person with friends, family and good wishes would frighten the bad spirits away. \n Answer: After they had a right way of marking time.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, when did people begin to celebrate birthdays?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5a6cf044535b42fcabd83e03d0f0944a",
            "input": "Article: A unique thermo-solar power station Germasolar in southern Spain can work even on cloudy days:energy stored when the sun shines lets it produce electricity even during the night. It is the first solar power station in the world that works 24 hours a day! This is how it works: the panels reflect the sun's rays onto the tower, transmitting energy 1,000 times stronger than that of the sun's rays reaching the earth. Energy is stored in tanks, and then steam is produced before finally turned into electricity. It is the station's capacity to store plenty of energy that makes Gemasolar so different because it allows the plant to transmit power during the night, relying on energy it has gained during the day. Helped by the generous state aid, renewable energies have enjoyed a boom in Spain, the world number two in solar energy and the biggest wind power producer in Europe, ahead of Germany. For the Gemasolar solar product, foreign investors helped too: Torresol Energy is a joint enterprise between the Spanish engineering group Sener, which holds 60 percent, and Abu Dhabi-financed renewable energy firm Masdar. This type of station is expensive, not because of the raw material we use, which is free solar energy, but because of the enormous investment these plants require. The investment cost is over 200 million euros ($ 260 million). But the day when the business has repaid that money to the banks (maybe, in 18 years, someone estimates), this station will become a 1,000-euro note printing machine! For now, the economic crisis has nevertheless cast a shadow over this kind of project: Spain is battling to cut its deficit   as it slides into a difficult time and has cancelled aid to new renewable energy projects. \n Answer: It is the first solar power station which costs over 200 million euros.",
            "output": [
                "What is NOT the reason for this power station being unique?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ea5eda46f61c4214b5b37a33646f33f3",
            "input": "Article: According to a survey released by the Nielson Company on Thursday, China has become a global tourist attraction after the Beijing Olympics. The survey said the Olympics not only built up China's image but also served as an advertisement for China's tourism. The online survey was conducted on consumers in 16 countries and regions before Games' opening ceremony and after the closing. About 80 percent of the respondents had not been to China before the events and 50 percent of them expressed hopes of visiting China after the Games. According to the survey, 70 percent of the respondents felt Beijing was more modern and scientific than what they had thought. The most interested respondents were from Singapore, India, Mexico, South Africa and the Republic of Korea, as well as China's Hong Kong and Taiwan. Pan Wen, in charge of Chinese tourism research of the Nielson Company, said the World Tourism Organization predicted that China would become the largest tourist attraction in the world with 137 million foreign tourists every year. \"This figure would be realized earlier with the aid of the Beijing Olympics,\" Pan said. \n Answer: Before Games' opening ceremony and after the closing",
            "output": [
                "When was the online survey conducted?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-42fff90af3c54d32ad08e7ef5e883d99",
            "input": "Article: Long long ago, there was an old merchant who had three sons. \"To which one shall I leave my fortune?\" he wondered. \"It must be to the cleverest son. But which one is the cleverest?\" He called his three sons to him. \"Here is some money,\" he told them, \"you must each take one coin to buy something that will fill this room. Anyone who can do this shall have my fortune.\" \"It is a big room,\" said the eldest son. \"One coin will not buy very much,\" said the second son. But the youngest son said nothing. He stood and thought, and then he smiled, \"Come, brothers,\" he said, \"let us go to the market.\" The eldest son bought straw with his coin. But one coin bought only a bit of straw. Even when he had spread it as much as he could, the straw covered only a corner of the room. The second son bought sand with his coin. But one coin bought only a bit of sand. Even when he had spread it as much as he could, the sand covered only half of the floor. \"What did you buy?\" the eldest son angrily asked the youngest son. \"You don't have any straw.\" \"Yes, what did you buy?\" the second son asked angrily. \"You don't have any sand.\" \"I bought this,\" said the youngest son. \"A candle!\" cried his brothers. \"What good is a candle?\" \"Watch\", said the youngest son. He lit the candle, and all at once the room was filled from wall to wall, from ceiling to floor. It was filled with light! \"Although you are the youngest, you are indeed the cleverest of my sons,\" the old merchant said. And that is how, the old merchant left his fortune to his youngest son, the one who could fill a room with light. \n Answer: The silliest son.",
            "output": [
                "Who would get father's fortune?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3d20255e016e4355a940f047794ea896",
            "input": "Article: As an expert on education, I finished a Junior Achievement course at a local middle school last week. I received some meaningful answers when I asked teens what they would want to tell their parents about money. Max said,'Dear Mom, I need to give you some advice on money. I need more allowance  !\" I have to say many teenagers have the same idea as him. As an expert, I advise a little money for teens and more if they help with the housework. Now that your children are in middle school, it's time to think about paying them to do something. My daughter missed a lot of school when she was a junior so I promised to buy her a notebook computer if she didn't miss any school as a senior -- she got the computer finally. What worked for my other daughter was a clothing allowance for her joining in the housework. She would receive a set amount every two months; it taught her a valuable lesson: when the clothing money ran out, she couldn't buy more clothes until she got enough money through doing the housework. \"I need more allowance,\" should be the start, not the end, of a dialogue. Grace wanted to tell Mom, \"Only buy what we need.\" Spending wisely and saving money was a good theme from all the students. The idea of thinking carefully about spending is just what I taught them at class, but this is not the subject of this Junior Achievement course. It shows me that these teenagers look at their parents' spending habits, but they don't tell their parents their opinions about them. Therefore, Moms and Dads, pay attention and remember: your children watch everything you do when it comes to money -- do it right, point them in the right direction. Nikola's advice is valuable to all parents -- \"Mom and Dad, I think I should be more involved in money and financial   things so I know how to do everything without a struggle when I get older.\" This child has got it right. Her answer shows the fact that parents are responsible   for the financial training of their children. It is one of our most important parental goals. \n Answer: Encourage them to earn more allowance by doing part - time jobs.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author advise parents to do when their children want more allowance ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9f70651cca354a7d8b361ca17da65827",
            "input": "Article: Art is visible. However, everything one sees is filtered through certain conditions, some of them historical, and others, natural. The historical conditions include the material which is used --oil, color1s, and the canvas; second, a certain style. There can be a general style, for example, the style of Impressionism, or a particular style, for example, the individual ways in which two painters, both impressionists, paint. The natural conditions include certain unchanging psychological laws of sight, for instance, the effects of color1s or optical illusions. The conditions of art are nothing but a particular way of interpreting reality. To understand this, one can examine the difference between the classical Greek and the classical Egyptian styles. For the Greeks, the reality of the visible was given by the perspective and the situation in which the object appears; for that reason they presented a person in his individual movements. For the Egyptians, however, this was only the appearance of a brief moment, which, according to their beliefs, was not real. Therefore, the Egyptians searched for the permanent essence and the typical character in their depiction of an object. For the Egyptians, Greek art was an illusion; for the Greeks, on the other hand, Egyptian art was unrealistic constructivism. The way in which reality appears in art must not be regarded on its own. It is affected by many other systems of recognizing reality, including the political, religious, economic, intellectual, and social -- in short, all the phenomena of human life. Moreover, art is always of a certain epoch  ,with its particular conception of reality. Thus, when discussing, for example, the art of ancient myth, of medieval Christianity, or that of the technological age, one must be aware that myth, Christianity, or technology was the most outstanding feature of the epoch. It is paradoxical  to understand art as some kind of copy of the fields of experience connected with it. So, for example, it is meaningless for the work of art to be compared with the landscape, which served the artist as his model. Even if the artist had tried to make what he painted as similar as possible to the model he used, the landscape which he saw is only the matter from which something completely different emerges since he has submitted his view to the conditions of art: namely to the material used (color1s, canvas, etc.), to his style, and even to the fact that he paints on a flat surface. Thus one must contemplate  a work of art by itself. Even if it is connected to other fields of experience it nevertheless displays something unique which appears in that piece of art and there alone. \n Answer: Optical illusions.",
            "output": [
                "What is mentioned as one of the conditions through which art is seen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e6613177a154279a448781cf788180c",
            "input": "Article: Some wonderfully creative uses of X-rays have been in the world of art.But the most impressive one is to uncover what has been covered up.Details unfolded by an X-ray of a painting can ' t be seen any other way.For example, in the past, paintings were often repaired if small pieces of paint fell off the canvas  . These repairs cannot be seen just by looking at the painting.It takes an X-ray to discover where the repairs have been made. An X-ray of a painting is one of the best ways to tell if it was created by a famous painter or if it is a forgery .If there is a question as to whether an old master has painted a certain painting or not, X-rays are made and compared to those of paintings that are known to be original.If the brushstrokes   , for example, are shown to be totally different than in other work done by a certain artist, then the painting is proved to be a fake copy. Since modern paints are usually made from different materials than paints of hundreds of years ago, the image they leave on an X-ray film looks different.This is another way X-rays can be used to spot a forgery.A modem artist will try to make a forgery look hundreds of years old by painting dirty varnish on it or by using artificial means to get the varnish to look cracked.To the naked eye the forgery may look old, but when a careful study of the X-ray image is made, the _ is obvious. It was common many years ago for an artist to finish a painting, decide it wasn't any good, and paint a completely different picture on top of it.Or artists would paint over others' work --it was their version of recycling.Taking an X-ray is the only way to find out if there is a picture underneath the picture you see with your eyes.Sometimes museums will be more interested in the painting beneath than the one on top, and will restore the older one by having the top layer painstakingly removed. \n Answer: To help artists restore damaged artwork to its original appearance.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-29d6f1e15bc342d1b4d9823cd0d95782",
            "input": "Article: I was going on vacation to meet up with family for a week of fun in Denver. I got to the airport, ready to leave my work behind for a few days.       I was comfortably awaiting my flight with a good book to read, when an elderly lady was wheeled to our waiting area. I couldn't help but notice the trouble she was having trying to open a packet of nuts with her shaking hands. I sighed. No one else was willing to meet her gaze   so I offered to help.        She was very grateful. It turned out that these nuts were her entire breakfast. We sat and chatted. When the time came to board the plane the attendants   were nowhere to be seen. The lady could walk but needed some help, so I volunteered to help her on the plane and carry her bag.      As I helped her get settled I noticed her \"seat mate,\" a businessman, looked a bit horrified at having to make the fight with her. He offered to change seats with me -- and I agreed.       We landed and I needed to change planes, but I helped her disembark   first. The wheelchair she ordered was nowhere to be seen so we slowly walked to gate where her daughter was waiting.      We only exchanged first names, and she was so grateful to have my help. I had to run to catch my connection but, as I thought about the experience, I saw her as my airport angel: a chance for me to hope that in the future when I'm in my 80's and traveling, someone will take the time to connect with me. Pay it forward. \n Answer: Reading.",
            "output": [
                "What had the author planned to do during the flight?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-757c3d205e144e68b7f58be08037c3d3",
            "input": "Article: There is more than one reason for which you need to hire a business attorney . It is very important to hire some good attorney for your business especially because of the fact that you will need their knowledge and advice from beginning to all the time through your business. An attorney actually provides useful advice and guidance for your business and above all for your finance. When you start some business you need to hire a business attorney for helping you in decision making for which kind of business you are going to start. So, all steps and all legal requirements will be provided to you and you can work without any trouble. Therefore, you will be introduced to all that you need to know and how to organize your business. You will be made aware about what type of organization would be the most useful and the best for you. Moreover, it is very useful when you have business consultant and especially in the law area, because he will provide you with legal knowledge and direct about what is legal for business and what is illegal. At the same time, he will provide you with legal contract that you need to have for your corporate reports. Also, when you are a beginner in business it is very difficult to handle all kind of state taxes and fee; so a business attorney is here to help you with that. When there are some questions about auction, good and professional business-attorney will lead you through acquisitions , sale mergers  and similar matters. These are only few reasons why you need to hire a good attorney, but there are more of them. So when you start some business, use advice of professionals and take the right decision. If you need a good and excellent attorney, you don't hesitate to get in touch with Arizona Business Attorney .Click here to find an Arizona Business Attorney \n Answer: Few Reasons Why You Need a Business Attorney.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2774123e8e6e4492bde45d649810559c",
            "input": "Article: The first Ml choir rehearsal of the school year took place in the school hall. All the students joined together to sing. I watched as my elder sister and her grade came in and took their places next to us on the stage. Meanwhile, I could hear laughing. Some students were pointing at a girl standing next to my sister. I'd never seen this girl before. A girl whispered in my ear, \" Did you know she's wearing diapers ?\" After school that evening, I asked my sister about the girl I'd seen. She told me her name was Theresa and that she was a very nice girL .\" Why were those kids being mean to her? I asked, \"Because they're stupid,\" she said. One day, I was walking home from school when I heard voices behind me. \"There's the little idiot's  sister. Does your sister wet her pants too?\" I walked a little faster and then I felt a atone hit me in the back. When I got home, I ran down to my sister's room. I pushed my way into her room, screaming at her. \"Why do you have to be that giri's friend? I don't see anyone else being nice to her, \" Janelle yelled back, Because she is a wonderful person and she is dying!\" I will remember those words as long as I live. Theresa wet her pants because she had an illness, which was killing her. My sister was the only one nice enough to be her friend and stick up for her. A few months later, Hieresa passed away. I felt proud that Janelle was my sister. Throughout the years I watched her, and she always made friends with everyone. It didn't matter if they ware fat, thin, brilliant or not. She  never left anyone feeling isolated or alone. It was she who changed me  and   taught me to never  look at anyone in the same way again. \n Answer: Because she was usually dressed poorly.",
            "output": [
                "Why did other students make fun of Theresa?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-634d83304ee343adb16c634cb1e2d660",
            "input": "Article: Paragraph 1 Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds. (2) citrus  fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made from milk; (6) bread or cereal , rice is also in this kind of food; (7) butter, or something like butter. Paragraph 2 People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways. People in different countries eat at different times of the day. In some places people eat once or twice a day; in other countries people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that none of the differences is really important. It doesn't matter whether foods are eaten raw  or cooked, canned or frozen. It doesn't matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o'clock in the afternoon or at eleven o'clock at night. The important thing is what you eat every day. Paragraph 3 There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on earth. The first is to find some ways to feed the world's population so that no one is hungry. The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy. \n Answer: chicken, apples, cereal, cabbages",
            "output": [
                "According to the scientists, which of the following groups of food is the healthiest for your lunch?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cbe7765ee28b467bbe0c86ee99ec2d40",
            "input": "Article: Students must apply for a place before attending any class.Applications,either by post or in person,are dealt with strictly in the order  _ are received at the Adult Education Office.    You can apply:    BY POST-use the card provided with the exact fee.You will be accepted for the course unless it is full.in which case we will inform you.An acknowledgement will not be made nor a receipt sent unless you provide a stamped addressed envelope.Receipts will normally be given out at the first class.     IN PERSON-call at the Adult Education Office(first floor,Block C)between approximately 9:00 a.m.and 3:30 p.m.(2:30 p.m.on Friday),or at the College Reception Desk(at the main entrance)at the other times(in the evenings until about 7:30 P.m.-not Fridays).Students should note that popular classes may be full before the course is to start,so that early application is strongly advised to avoid unhappiness.      For the AUTUMN TERM,applications will be accepted by post(preferably)or in person from 1st August.      For the SPRING TERM,applications will be accepted from 1st December.       For the SUMMER TERM,applications will be accepted from 1st April. \n Answer: At the College Reception Desk at 2:00 p.m.on Fridays.",
            "output": [
                "Where can students apply in person?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-15e9a7233340466295c7b3e372cd1213",
            "input": "Article: What's your dream vacation? Watching wildlife in Kenya? Boating down the Amazon? Sunbathing in Malaysia? New chances are opening up all the time to explore the world. So we visit travel agents, compare packages and prices, and pay our money. We know what our vacation costs us. But do we know what it might cost someone else? It's true that many poorer countries now depend on tourism for foreign income. Unfortunately, though, tourism often harms the local people more than it helps them. It might cost their homes and lands. In Myanmar, 5,200 people were forced to leave their homes among the pagodas in Bagan so that tourists could visit the pagodas. Tourism might also cost the local people their livelihood and dignity. Local workers often find only menial  jobs in the tourist industry. And most of the profits do not help the local economy. Instead, profits return to the tour operators in wealthier countries, When the Maasai people in Tanzania were driven from their lands, some moved to city slums. Others now make a little money selling souvenirs or posing for photos. Problems like these were observed more than 20 years ago. But now some non-government organizations, tour operators and local governments are working together to begin correcting them. Tourists, too, are putting on the pressure. The result is responsible tourism, or \"ethical tourism.\" Ethical tourism has people at its heart. New international agreements and codes of conduct can help protect the people's lands, homes, economies and cultures. The beginnings are small, though, and the problems are complex. But take heart. The good news is that everyone, including us, can play a part to help the local people in the places we visit. Tour operators and companies can help by making sure that local people work in good conditions and earn reasonable wages. They can make it a point to use only locally owned hotel, restaurants and guide services. They can share profits fairly to help the local economy. And they can involve the local people in planning and managing tourism. What can tourists do? First, we can ask tour companies to provide information about the conditions of local citizens. We can then make our choices and tell them why. And while we're abroad, we can: Buy local foods and products, not imported ones. Pay a fair price for goods and services and not bargain for the cheapest price. Avoid flaunting wealth. Ask before taking photographs of people. They are not just part of the landscape! Let's enjoy our vacation and make sure others do, too. \n Answer: Vacations Cost More Than You Think",
            "output": [
                "What is probably the best title for the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aacfaf0daf104239bc7eb5cbee50afc6",
            "input": "Article: A full stop is used at the end of an idea or thought, and is an important rule in proper grammar. But text messages are changing the rules, as a new study finds digital messages ending with one aren't sincere. The results suggest skipping punctuation altogether, as it indicates you are answering naturally and heartfelt. Binghamton University's Harpur College observed 126 students, who read a series of messages displayed as texts on a screen or handwritten notes on loose-leaf paper . In the 16 experimental exchanges, the sender's message contained a statement followed by an invitation phrased as a question such as, \"Dave gave me his extra ticket. Wanna come?\" The receiver then gave a one-word response like \"Okay\", \"Sure\", \"Yeah\" or \"Yup\". Half of the participants' responses were with a full stop and the other half did not use it. Based on the responses, text messages that ended with a full stop were rated less sincere than those that did not end with one. The students who read the notes on the paper reported that full stop or not, they felt the message was sincere. These results suggest that punctuation can misconstrue or influence the meaning of text messages. The study concludes, \" _ \" \"Texting is lacking many of the social cues used in actual face-to-face conversations\", said Celia Klin, associate professor of psychology at Binghamton University's Harpur College. \"When speaking, people easily convey social and emotional information with eye gaze, facial expressions, tone of voice, pauses, and so on. People obviously can't use these mechanisms when they are texting. Thus, it makes sense that texters rely on what they have available to them -- emoticons, deliberate misspellings that mimic speech sounds  and, according to our data, punctuation. \" Recently, Klin's team conducted a follow-up study and found that text response with an exclamation mark  is interpreted as more sincere. \"That's not surprising, but it broadens our claim,\"saidKlin. \"Punctuation is used and understood by texters to convey emotions and other social and practical information. Given that people are wonderfully good at communicating complex information in conversations, it's not surprising that as texting evolves, people are finding ways to convey the same types of information in their texts. \" \n Answer: Gestures",
            "output": [
                "Compared with face-to-face conversations, which of the following can text messages rely on to convey their meaning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-260261b26a07433086424d66ee1cca78",
            "input": "Article: At just six years old, Joey Kilpatrick is Australia's unofficial hide-and-seek champion after he hid in a bedroom cupboard for eight hours while playing his favorite game,causing a big rescue operation. The determined little boy's disappearing act led to a careful search, including nice police officers, five State Emergency Service volunteers, tracker dogs and almost all of the people of the town of Goombungee. His mother, Chris, says she called the police when Joey disappeared one afternoon after telling his older brother, Lachlan, 14, that he was off to play hide-and-seek. \"I called the two boys for dinner,\" Chris says. \"After about 20 minutes I started to worry, I was shouting to Joey, 'OK, we can't find you, time to come out!'\" But there was no sign of her little boy. Within minutes of Chris calling the police, the policemen started one of the biggest ground searches in the town's history. \"I was really frightened. I rang my husband, Kris, who works out of town, and he immediately hit the road, calling me every 10 minutes.\" Chris recalls.\"They searched the house from top to bottom; everyone was out looking for him. When a neighbor asked if I'd checked the water tank, that's when reality hit. I was afraid.\" After hours of searching the town, confused police decided to search the house one more time. \"I just sat there waiting,\" Chris says, \"Then a strange feeling came over me, and I rushed into the bedroom and put my hand on a pile of blankets in the cupboard. As I pulled then out,there he was---asleep and completely not realizing what was going on! I've never held him in my arms so hard.\" Senior officer, Chris Brameld,from Goombungee police,says he is glad that Joey's game had a happy ending: \"When we realized he was safe, we agreed that it didn't get much better than that!\" And young Joey promises that next time he won't be so intent  on finding the best hiding place. \"I want to say sorry to the policemen and to Mummy for scaring them,\" he says, \"I promise next time I'll hide where they can find me and I won't fall asleep!\" \n Answer: He is Australia's unofficial hide-and-seek champion.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the boy hide in a bedroom cupboard?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f89a96e95e5246dd91334aab949d3999",
            "input": "Article: What Is Today's American Dream They may not have called it the American Dream, but for centuries people have gone to America in search of freer, happier, and richer lives. But is today's American Dream a mythical concept or still a reality? Isabel Belarsky's tiny Brooklyn apartment fills with the sound of her father's voice. Sidor Belarsky sings an Aria in Russian and 90-year-old Isabel, her lips painted an elegant red, sways gently to the song coming from her stereo. Isabel speaks with pride about her father's talent and his success as an opera singer: Albert Einstein was such a fan she says that he invited Sidor to accompany him on his speaking engagements and would ask him to sing to the audience. How the Belarskys came to be in America is an extraordinary tale that Isabel loves to tell. It was the offer of a six-month job by a Mormon college president, who had seen Sidor singing in Leningrad, that enabled the Belarskys to escape from Stalin's Russia in 1930. \"Our dream was being in America,\" Isabel says. \"They loved it. My mother could never think of Russia, it was her enemy and my father, he made such a wonderful career here.\" Like generations of immigrants before them, the Belarskys came to America in search of freedom--to them the American Dream meant liberty. But Isabel says it promised even more. \"The dream is to work, to have a home and to get ahead. You can start as a janitor and become the owner of the building.\" The American Dream is not written into the constitution but it is so ingrained in the national psyche that it might as well be. Many point to the second sentence in the Declaration of Independence--the \"certain unalienable rights\" that include \"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness\" as the \"official\" version of the phrase. But it was actually in 1931 that the term was popularized, when historian James Truslow Adams wrote in The Epic of America that the Dream means \"a better, richer, and happier life for all our citizens of every rank\". The concept of the American Dream has not stayed static. For European immigrants, like Isabel, fleeing persecution in the first half of the last century, the Dream was about a life without persecution.  But somewhere in the middle of the last century the dream changed. As America's post war economy boomed, the new arrivals wanted more than freedom--they wanted a share of the prosperity as well.  In the 1950s, TV commercials featured housewives proudly showing off kitchens filled with gleaming appliances. The quest for liberation became a quest for Coca Cola. As the century wore on, the materialistic slant of the dream overtook the political side. Dallas and Dynasty suggested this was a country where it was possible to become not just rich, but filthily rich. Cheyanne Smith was shocked at the deprivation that greeted her in America. She arrived in New York from the Caribbean seven years ago. Having watched endless American TV shows as a child, she thought she knew what to expect when her family moved to Brooklyn. Instead, the deprivation of one of New York's poorest neighbourhoods shocked her. \"I thought this is not America because this is not what I see on television,\" she says. Like Cheyanne, 18-year-old Franscisco Curiel is also ambitious. He came from Mexico City three years ago to go to college here but he's worried that Brooklyn's schools aren't going to give him a good enough education. \"The system is broken; we can't get the superior education that they supposedly want to give us,\" he says. Through the centuries America's immigrants have endured terrible hardship and sacrifice so that they and their children can get ahead. Perhaps it's not surprising to hear the members of the Bushwick youth group lament the multiple, low paid jobs that their parents must do simply to get the rent paid and put food on the table. What is startling is that these bright, ambitious youngsters just don't believe that talent and hard work are enough to ensure they will ever have a shot at that mythical American Dream. \n Answer: To seek freedom.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the Belarskys come to the US according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a1a3ed317f784140b682faf98f625950",
            "input": "Article: When it's five o'clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them they're done. These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows that clock-based work schedules hinder morale and creativity. Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from 9 am to 10 a.m., research from 10 a.m. to noon, etc. On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning. What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities--from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga--by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under \"clock time\" vs \"task time.\" They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up. The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in the business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies. This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need,and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. It'll make those tasks easier, and the task-doers will be happier. \n Answer: It clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-efb0e8da1a0d458390e0c175d4cfa959",
            "input": "Article: I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. It was a strange farmer. I had never met him before although I had heard people talk about him. He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything. Even then all I could understand was that someone called Milly had had an accident. I hadn't the slightest idea who she was but I obviously had to go. It had been snowing heavily that day and I didn't know the way. I had been driving for at least an hour when I finally found his place. He was standing there, waiting for me. \"She meant more to me than anyone.even my own wife!\" he said. I could see that he had been crying. I thought something terrible had taken place, a possible scandal . I was even more shocked when he told me he had put her in the barn  . \"I wouldn't leave her out in the cold!\" he said. Milly had clearly been a secret lover of his. I was about to tell him he could not expect me to cover anything up when he opened the barn door. He lifted his candle and I saw a dark figure on the ground. \"She was such a good cow! I wouldn't let anyone but a doctor touch her!\" he said, and burst into tears again. \n Answer: She had an accident.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Milly from the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-404c81f131bf436cb2958ad3fc5909ba",
            "input": "Article: I am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since  March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor  to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time. & I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:\"Well, I'm really sorry, I've got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.\"So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:\"In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, you've got to get me back to the United Kingdom.\"She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small  plance to be held for me.re-routed me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. For this courier job, you're consciously aware than that box you're got something that is potentially going to save somebody's life. \n Answer: The ice won't last any longer.",
            "output": [
                "Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-64c8aa0316294b748d46b3a3725bb41b",
            "input": "Article: The globe is facing a \"tidal wave\" of cancer, and restrictions on alcohol and sugar need to be considered, say World Health Organization scientists. It predicts the number of cancer cases will reach 24 million a year by 2035, but half could be prevented. The WHO said there was now a \"real need\" to focus on cancer prevention by cutting down smoking, obesity and drinking.     The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) said there was an \"alarming\" level of ignorance about diet's role in cancer. Fourteen million people a year are diagnosed with cancer, but that is predicted to increase to 19 million by 2025, 22 million by 2030 and 24 million by 2035. The developing world will bear the worst of the extra cases.  Dr Chris Wild, the director of the WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer, told the BBC: \"The global cancer burden is increasing quite markedly, due predominately to the ageing of the populations and population growth. If we look at the cost of treatment of cancers, it is spiralling out of control, even for the high-income countries. Prevention is  ly critical and it's been somewhat neglected.\"     The WHO's World Cancer Report 2014 said the major sources of preventable cancer included: smoking; infections; alcohol; obesity and inactivity; radiation, both from the sun and medical scans; Air pollution and other environmental factors; delayed parenthood, having fewer children and not breastfeeding. For most countries, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. However, cervical cancer dominates in large parts of Africa.  One of the report's editors, Dr Bernard Stewart from the University of New South Wales in Australia, said prevention had a \"crucial role in fighting the tidal wave of cancer which we see coming across the world\". He said human behaviour was behind many cancers such as the sunbathe \"until you're cooked evenly on both sides\" approach in his native Australia. There was a similar argument to be had with sugar fuelling obesity, which in turn affected cancer risk. Meanwhile, a survey of 2,046 people in the UK by the WCRF suggested 49% do not know that diet increases the risk of developing cancer. A third of people said cancer was mainly due to family history, but the charity said no more than 10% of cancers were down to inherited genes. Amanda McLean, general manager for the WCRF, said: \"It's very alarming to see that such a large number of people don't know that there's a lot they can do to significantly reduce their risk of getting cancer. In the UK, about a third of the most common cancers could be prevented through being a healthy weight, eating a healthy diet and being regularly physically active.\" \"People can cut their risk of cancer by making healthy lifestyle choices, but it's important to remember that the government and society are also responsible for creating an environment that supports healthy lifestyles.\" \n Answer: The problems of population ageing and growth.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main reason for the increasing of cancer according to Dr Chris Wild?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-452a857383b3443bb20fc602167bea1e",
            "input": "Article: When I had breast cancer I had to have chemotherapy  . The hardest part of that entire experience was losing my hair. It was like having a tattoo  across my forehead that said \"chemotherapy patient.\" I am a very active and athletic person, so to have people looking at me with pity as if I was an invalid was very hard to take. Of course they never said anything, but if I got in an elevator. Everyone looked away because they didn't know what to say. But I didn't blame them. The best compliment I ever received was when I was at work one day, wearing my scarf over my bald head, and a UPS guy came in to deliver a package. He looked me right in the eye and said, \"So, are you on chemotherapy?\" I said, \"Yes, thank you for asking. You are the first person to actually acknowledge that fact.\" It felt so good to be talked to like a \"real\" person, without any pity, just the facts. I asked him what made him decide to say something, and he told me that a woman he worked with had just gone through the same thing several months before. I had some joke business cards that said my job title was \"Supreme Commander of the Universe\", so whenever this same UPS guy came to deliver a package, he would also say, \"Hey, Supreme Commander, how is it going?\" Then my company moved to a new location, and since that time I hadn't seen the UPS guy-Bryan- in probably two years. I went to answer my door at home one day, and there was Bryan with a package. Small world. \"Hey, Supreme Commander, long time no see!\" he said. He sees so many people all day long, every day, delivering packages but he remembered me after two years. What a great compliment! Of course, I remembered him, too, because he was the only person who could see me during that time when I was \"the invisible woman.\" \n Answer: Because her friends were afraid of infection.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author say \"It felt so good to be talked to like \"real\" person\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-da81fba6bb124d9684c9a8c88a1750d6",
            "input": "Article: Look to many of history's cultural symbols, and there you'll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity's earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world. For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion's courtyard. The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen--an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people's imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods. If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don't worry: I've learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over--the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be. \n Answer: Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-abba2ac7f94e4fb793a4bfe5e6d7fcf4",
            "input": "Article: You do something about twenty times a minute without even thinking about it--you breathe! In fact, every day you take about twenty-thousand breaths. The organs of your body that allow you to breathe are called your lungs.  You have two of them that work together, located in your chest inside the rib cage.  The main purpose of your lungs is to breathe in good air and breathe out bad air. The good air contains oxygen, which your body needs. The bad air is a gas called carbon dioxide, which your body cannot use. When you breathe in through your nose or mouth, air travels down the back of your throat. It passes through your voice box and into your trachea, or windpipe.  Your trachea is divided into two air passage tubes. One leads to your left lung. The other leads to your right lung.  Inside your lungs, oxygen is removed from the air you breathe and pumped into blood cells. Your lungs also get rid of harmful carbon dioxide from these cells. This process takes place inside hundreds of millions of tiny air sacs. Each adult lung is about the size of a football. When they are healthy, your lungs feel a little like a sponge and are pinkish-gray. When lungs are damaged by smoking, they can appear gray or have black spots on them.One disease that is very common in children involves the lungs. It's asthma. Asthma narrows the breathing tubes, making it harder to breathe.   You probably already know that your lungs are important when you swim. But you may not know this--your lungs are the only part of your body that can float on water! \n Answer: inside the rib cage of your chest.",
            "output": [
                "Where are your lungs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af877ed08c3d4e96ba17734aa3e8ea4a",
            "input": "Article: FROM dogs and cats to pandas and penguins, lists of adorable animals can be very varied. However, when it comes to scary animals, the answers are often more or less the same - snakes and spiders are among the most dreadful ones for the majority of us. However, most of us have never been bitten by a snake or a spider. So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things? Scientists have been actively looking into it for a long time. For example, studies have suggested that babies find live animals much more interesting than stuffed   ones. This interest continues even if those animals are snakes and spiders. A study published in Psychological Science in 2008 seemed to show that snakes did have a different impact on babies. When scientists presented babies with animal videos along with random sounds of happy or frightened human voices, they found that babies looked at snakes for longer than any other animal however the voices sounded. Now, a team from Rutgers University in New Jersey, US has tried to challenge the idea that babies are born with a fear of snakes and spiders. According to the BBC, the researchers measured babies' physiological   responses as they watched videos of snakes and elephants paired with both fearful and happy voices. Scientists then set out to surprise the babies to see how they would react. They presented them with an unexpected bright flash of light as they watched a video. As the BBC explained, a surprise like this would be more intense   if the babies were already scared, just like when we watch scary films and jump more if we are already scared. However, according to their findings, published recently in the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, babies' surprised responses were not bigger when watching a video of a snake, even when it was shown with a fearful voice. Their heart response was also lower, which also made it seem that babies were not scared. \"Children do not have an _ fear of snakes,\" concluded the study. Even if previous studies had suggested that babies have different responses to snakes, it isn't necessarily related to fear. \"It's possible that paying more attention to something might make fear learning easier later on. It leads to fear learning,\" said research co-author Vanessa LoBue. She further explained that it was a good thing that humans didn't have an inborn fear of snakes because it would make a young infant's  desire to explore new things less strong. Instead, we have evolved to quickly learn to be afraid of something if it turns out to be dangerous. \n Answer: Whether humans are born with a fear of snakes and spiders.",
            "output": [
                "What is the article mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-49d7be5664944742bb08255cacd3e31d",
            "input": "Article: The weather across much of Europe and sections of Asia has been very cold since last week. Hundreds of people have died from the cold. It has also been a source of fun for winter sports enthusiasts and has raised doubts about global warming.  Europeans were digging themselves out of heavy snow after a week-long cold snap  in which the number of dead--most of them homeless--continued to rise by the day. The big freeze has caused traffic mess from Siberia to Rome, blocking roads, closing schools, shutting airports, and trapping thousands in remote mountain villages in Europe. Temperatures have fallen as low as 36 degrees below zero in Ukraine, the hardest-hit country. Serbia on Sunday declared an emergency situation, saying the extremely big snowfall has put normal life at risk.   But the deep freeze has also offered opportunities for snowy fun. In Sarajevo, young people snowboarded down white streets. Others competed with videos on YouTube to show the craziest jump into the snow from second floor apartments--most of them wearing only bathing suits. In the Netherlands, Europe's deep freeze means the country's almost imaginary \"Eleven Cities Tour\" ice skating marathon could be staged later this month for the first time in 15 years. The race is expected to draw thousands of participants and more than a million viewers.   The cold snap has also caused people to doubt global warming claims--if the Earth is getting warmer, why have recent winters been colder? Zhang Peiqun, assistant chief engineer of the National Climate Center, explained in an interview with xinhuanet. com: \"Global warming refers to broad changes over a long time period, mainly in the past 100 years. It doesn't contradict with the phenomenon that some time in some places the temperature is lower than usual.\" He also added that it has been a long time debate whether the Earth is getting warmer or colder. \"No matter which opinion is correct, a bigger question faces us: how do we deal with the resulting extreme weathers?\" he said. \n Answer: The cold caused inconvenience to the snow-hit area.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-084dc95ff7264c6fb1538ae944e7614c",
            "input": "Article: According to the National Retail Federation, we spend a record of $18.6 billion on Mother's Day gifts every year that works out to about $152 per mom. If you're looking to step up your gift-giving game, here are a few fun ideas. Of course, your mom will love you no matter what, but a nice gift wouldn't hurt! J. Crew's Poppy King Lipstick, $18.00 Bright color1s are the trend for summer. But if your mom isn't ready for a head-to-toe Technicolor1   look, she can still be on trend with J. Crew's Poppy King lipstick. Called as the \"perfect shade\" for all skin types, the bright coral is sure to bring a smile to her lips. Standard Phone Case, $ 30. 00 A color1ful case for mom's phone is in fashion and practical. Boutiqueme. net offers a variety of styles and color1s including several ones which can be \"mom-o-grammed\" with her initials . NOOK Simple Touch With GlowLight, $139.00 In recognition of all the bedtime stories she read to you, why not give mom the perfect e-reader for reading in bed? The NOOK Simple Touch With GlowLight is the first and only e-reader designed specifically for reading in bed. Then Again, by Diane Keaton, published by Random House, $ 26. 00 hardcover/$16. 00 paperback Then Again, a memoir  from actress Diane Keaton, is her version of I Remember Mama. One reviewer says that it is a \"far-reaching, heartbreaking,  ly easily understandable book about mothers, daughters, childhood, aging, joyfulness, love, work.., and show business, too.\" \n Answer: Kids.",
            "output": [
                "Whom is the text mainly intended for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7f55d3a8697d48c6833ab92f87befcb5",
            "input": "Article: 2014 saw that the Ebola virus reappeared in Guinea and soon spread into neighbouring Liberia and Sierra Leone, killing over 7,800 people by the new year of 2015. It leads to viral hemorrhagic fever, which is characterized by high fever and internal bleeding etc. Ebola is named after the Ebola River, where it was first discovered in 1976. There are five different types of the Ebola virus, each named after where they first happened: Sudan, Ivory Coast, Reston, Bundibugyo, and Zaire. The deadliest of the five, Zaire, was responsible for the 2012 out- break, and is believed to be attacking Guinea. Ebola is naturally found in fruit bats, which pass on the virus to other animals by biting or sucking on their blood. Humans who are suffering from the Ebola infection might have touched the bodily fluids of the infected animals. Once infected, a human becomes a carrier of the deadly virus. Unfortunately, there are no disease - specific treatments for Ebola. Health - care workers only supply the infected people with physiological saline to keep them in good condition. Ebola can kill 90% of those infected, especially in underdeveloped societies like those in Africa. Since there have been many cases of nurses catching the disease from patients, they are forced to wear strict protective clothes, and in some cases, not even allowed to get close to the infected. The fact that there is no cure for the Ebola virus is what makes the outbreak a challenging one to control. What's worse, since we live in an interconnected world, where the situation in one country can affect us all, the influences of Ebola are huge: damaging trade relations, affecting foreign visitors, and weakening entire countries. It is feared that the disease may spread throughout west African countries. For every country, a strong health system can decrease the risk of health attack and lessen the impact of Ebola. \n Answer: Anyone who was infected Ebola will die.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer about the Ebola virus?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae9159d4fe174f1db51e0dd4e9635ce4",
            "input": "Article: Gauri Nanda sees a wearable computer as a handbag -- one that's built out of four-inch squares and triangles of fiber, with tiny computer chips embedded   in it. It looks, feels and weighs like your typical leather purse. That's where similarities end: This bag can wirelessly keep track of your belongings and remind you, just as you're about to leave the house, to take your wallet. It can review the weather report and suggest that you grab an umbrella. This purse can even upload your favorite songs onto your scarf. Sure, a computing purse and scarf set may seem like the stuff of science fiction. But these devices, part of next generation of wearable computers, could become commonplace within a few years. DuPont created new super strong fibers that can conduct electricity and can be woven into ordinary-looking clothes. And the chipmaker developed chip packaging allowing wearable computers to be washed, even in the heavy-duty cycle. As a result, these new wearable devices are different from the heavy and downright silly versions of the recent past, which often required users to be wrapped in wires and type on their stomachs. Unlike their predecessors, these new wearable computers also make economic sense. When her bag becomes commercially available in two to three years, Nanda expects it will cost around $150, which is the price of an average leather purse. Here's how the bag works: You place a special radio-signal-transmitting chip on to your wallet. A similar radio in your purse picks up the signal and notifies you that you've forgotten to take your wallet. In turn, sensors on your purse's handles will notify the computer that you've picked up the purse and are ready to go.  _ Indeed, more people will want to cross that bridge in the coming years -- making for a booming market for wearable computers that don't like something out of science fiction. \n Answer: It can be washed in a washing machine.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following describes a wearable computer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-095959d1f295407f8a59c716535cad2c",
            "input": "Article: The ChinaDailynewspaper group is looking for English-language senior business editors, senior copy editors, copy editors and graphic designers to strengthen its international team. We offer a competitive salary package, free accommodation with utilities paid for, 90 percent medical reimbursement , a seven-day paid leave, eleven-day public holidays and a return ticket to the country of residence. Senior Business Editor You must: assist the business editor in setting goals and working on achieving them; be an excellent team person who can generate ideas and think creatively and be able to rewrite totally if needed and mentor junior staff; ideally have been working or have worked in a position of responsibility and understand what leadership entails; have had at least five years' editing experience working on editing the Business Desk and be familiar with industry software. Senior Copy Editor You must: work on shifts in the Business Desk and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print; edit or rewrite copy and give snappy headlines and captions ; have had at least two years' editing experience working on editing desks and be familiar with industry software. Copy Editor You must: be good at editing or rewriting copy and writing snappy headlines and captions; be able to work on shifts for different pages, and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print; have two years of editing experience working on copy desks, and be familiar with industry software. Graphic Designer You must: have excellent skills in information graphics; be good at illustrations and freehand drawings; be experienced in newspaper or magazine layouts; have a good sense of typography ; have good news judgment; be well-versed with Macintosh software, including InDesign, Illustrator and Photoshop; be fluent in English. For enquiries or to apply, write to job@chinadaily.com.cn. \n Answer: To tell you how to become part of this group.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-510db61eac074523a6f1c58fe6481eec",
            "input": "Article: Writing journals has been one of the most helpful things I've ever done. Through writing journals I've not only learned a lot about myself, but also removed a lot of obsessive   thoughts, by writing them down and considering them. Journals give you a place to write down your honest thoughts without being afraid of what people will think of you. There are some ideas for writing journals:  Draw pictures  Write poetry or short stories  Goals: daily and long-term  Respond to a magazine article that you are interested in  Write about obsessive thoughts and try to find what's causing them  A list of things you are proud of (It can always increase your confidence when you need it)  Make a pro/con (/) list when you're trying to make a decision: most of the time the decision will start to be clearer afterwards The best way to start is to decide where you want to write your journal. (Though it's called the journal, it doesn't mean you can only do it in a \"journal\") . If you like the traditional style of journals, then use a notebook, blank paper or graph paper, whichever you like best. If you prefer to go digital, start a blog. You can make the blog public or private, and it's a good way to keep track of articles or pictures you find online. (You can link to them.) Even if you feel there's nothing for you to write about at first, you might be surprised to find that once you start, you can't stop. \n Answer: Learn a lot about other people.",
            "output": [
                "What does writing journals help the author do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4de711dcc22c44a781b1b928a6f50dae",
            "input": "Article: In your opinion,what is the most effective way to deal with pressure?Do you think the measure taken by Tufts University is useful? Tufts University has offered extra help around test time to students. Now they're adopting new stress-fighting methods to help the students, who face a tough job market as well as finishing the term. From free massages  to therapy dog visits, students are getting help during those days before turning in final papers and taking final exams. \"I think these dogs make me happy and give me a nice break between learning, cutting the learning into small pieces,\"19-year-old Tufts student Chloe Wong said. She called her first term \"challenging\", because she has spent weeks away from family and friends and was afraid she would lose her cool in her first set of final exams. But they now get chances to relax and play with these lovely dogs that head teacher Michael Bliss brought in for them. They can set down their books and laptops for a chance to the pet. Therapy dogs have long been used to cheer the sick and the elderly up. But the university is accepting the idea as a way of relieving stress and comforting students. Brian Van Brunt, president of the American College Counseling Association, said, \"College students are very stressed at this point of the year and some are trying to catch up with their peers. Going to events like this allows students to clear the brain and press there set button.\" \n Answer: Therapy dogs help students learn better than before.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following might be the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81ec13efa84f482b87e4c5163a5b3754",
            "input": "Article: My husband can plan wonderful surprise celebrations for me.Recently,however,I told him I didn't want him to plan one for my upcoming birthday. \"Why?\" he asked. \"I am embarrassed being the center of attention,\"  I quickly explained. Later,I began to think more deeply about this reason. Then I remembered the surprise celebration I had planned for my friend Nancy on her 60th birthday. We  were roommates on a threeweek tour following the Silk Road on those famous steppes   --and through the  mountains--of central Asia. That  afternoon  we  had  arrived  at  our  hotel  in Samarkand,Uzbekistan. The young man at the hotel desk told me about a bakery about 10 minutes away. After giving me detailed directions,he added,\"Your nose will let you know when you arrive there.\" The temperature was 40 degC.Soon,   _   proved to be an unfailing guide. Outside the bakery,a delicious smell greeted me. There were several kinds of breads,cookies,and cakes on display. There were also beautiful iced cakes. I chose a cake topped with powdered sugar. Later at the Karim Bek Restaurant,Nancy didn't see the young waiter walk up the steps with the cake.When I began singing\"Happy Birthday,\"everyone at our table--except Nancy--joined in. It took her a moment to realize what was happening. Then the grinning    guest of honor thanked me,blew out the candles on the cake,and ate three pieces of it. Today,after reliving this experience in my mind,I told my husband to ignore my request.I now understand what a surprise party is about:It is not about having a surprise party but rather the delight in giving it. That is what brings the satisfying joy. \n Answer: To eat some iced cakes to cool herself down.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author go to the bakery?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0101cce6debf42b79327db842e5873cc",
            "input": "Article: Tight-lipped elders used to say, \"It's not what you want in this world, but what you get.\" Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things. You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served. Similarly, If you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself.In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services. This account of yourself is actually a general description of your working life and should include education, experience and references.Such an account is valuable.It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews.While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something _ to sell.Then you are ready to look for a job.Get all the possible information about your could-be job.Make inquiries about the details concerning the job and the firm.Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgment.Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the position you wish for, and keep in mind: Obtaining a job is your job now. \n Answer: It's no use dreaming.",
            "output": [
                "What do the elders mean when they say, \"It's not what you want in this world, but what you get.\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-accb7c9357e04a56b6c686b84a6779de",
            "input": "Article: I stopped at a grocery store the other day because I was about to go on a long drive and I wanted to buy my favorite beverage for the trip. It wasn't the store I normally go to, just one I passed along the way. As I walked up to the entrance, I noticed a man and a boy who was about 10 or 12 years old standing at the front of the store. Customers walked past, as the man handed them half-sheets of white paper. I walked up to them with curiosity, wondering what cause they were representing. As I got closer, I saw that they had two carts starting to fill with groceries. I said hello and the man greeted me and handed me one of the pieces of paper, explaining that they were collecting donations for the local food pantry. On the paper was a simple list of food items: peanut butter, noodles, pasta sauce, canned fruits and vegetables. It also included a short story about the boy and his efforts to collect food donations since the age of 8. I was really touched that someone so young would be so interested in helping others. I told him it was an awesome idea and that he should be proud of himself. He smiled. Then, I went inside to get my drink. Unfortunately, the store didn't have it in stock. But, I wasn't upset, because by then I felt I had another mission. I went through the store, picking things from the list, then brought them back out to the boy and put them in the cart. I also gave the man the white sheet of paper back to reuse for another customer. They thanked me and offered me a treat (candy, I think) but I said to pass it on to someone else. As I walked back to my car, the boy's well-intentioned spirit stuck with me. How inspiring to encounter a young boy with a resolve to do good deeds, and the courage to act on it. It made my day! \n Answer: The author wasn't a regular customer to the store.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-db76490964cd4561ba0ae1aaa95386cd",
            "input": "Article: Counterfeit   goods, or false versions of products, may cost the government of Kenya as much as $1 billion each year. The fake goods also hurt business owners who find it hard to keep customers. But information technology is being used to try to stop the problem. Jemima Mwafigu is a 34-year-old businesswoman who sells products like perfume. But in the first year of running her business, she found it hard to keep customers because of counterfeit goods. Ms. Mwafigu says her business has improved since she began using a smart phone application called Barcode   Scanner. The app is used to authenticate   products. It checks to make sure the products are not counterfeit. \"With this application I'm able to scan the bar codes of each perfume and instantly I get the production date, the _ and I'm able to know the safety,\" she says. \"That way, I have confidence in selling to my customers.\" In 2010, Kenya created the Anti-Counterfeit Agency, or ACA, to fight against illegal trade. The ACA has successfully asked government officials for stronger punishments for counterfeiters. Agnes Karingu is the agency's acting director for research and awareness. She says the ACA is trying to stay one step ahead of those making fake goods. \"We are also looking into IT solutions where we can be able to use SMS programs, bar codes and information sharing,\" she says. \"The end users of the products will actually be able to get the authentication information, and this information comes back to ACA and intellectual property rights holders.\" The agency is testing another program called Allvirtuous. The application is another way to find out if a product is real or not by scanning its barcode. The barcode information is sent to a database. Then a result is sent back to the app. The International Chamber of Commerce is a global business organization. It says the value of counterfeit goods produced around the world is expected to be more than $1.7 trillion   this year. \n Answer: To inform us that phone apps can help stop counterfeiters' trade.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main purpose of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f8d75d7f1d6346e380750c4f7463024e",
            "input": "Article: There was once a traveling reporter who was doing a story on the small towns in the Midwest of America. She was particularly interested in the social structures, how men and women got along, and what happened at these large dance parties. She got into a town a few days early, knowing that people would be coming in from all the nearby towns to take part in a fantastic dance party.    The night of the dance came, and she did the best that she could go unnoticed, because a good reporter didn't want people to know she was doing a story. She was watching, moving around to different tables and places, and she noticed that as the evening went on, a certain phenomenon was taking place.    She noticed that the ladies often got together at the end of a dance and that they talked about the \"idiot\" who asked them to dance. They complained about this, that and the other and talked about how nobody knew anything, just making cruel remarks and gossiping about the men and the event.    But she noticed there was one woman. Even though she was sitting amongst the other women, she was not doing anything like that. She had a pleasant manner. She had a bright smile on her face, and she was not saying anything negative about for any reason at all.    She decided she needed to talk to this lady so she walked up and introduced herself. She said, \"I've noticed that unlike everyone else at this dance, you just seem to be having a good time. I was just wondering why it is that you're able to sit here and do what you do.\"    The young woman looked at her and said, \"I only dance with the partners I want to dance with. If somebody comes up and I don't want to dance with them, I just say I want to have a rest. Enjoying yourself is not difficult.\" \n Answer: She wanted to attend a dance party.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the reporter get into the town a few days early?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-97b61a8f27224e69a151d9733b88347b",
            "input": "Article: My parents moved to Mississippi when my brother and I were small children, and we were separated from our Oklahoma grandparents by some 600 miles. This long distance allowed us to only visit our grandparents once a year, either at Christmas or during summer vacation. Most of my classmates lived near their grandparents, and I would often hear stories of big families regularly spending time with one another, fishing at \"grandpa's\" house or going over to \"grandma's\" for her famous fried chicken. We were disappointed that we did not get to spend more time with our grandparents, but our love for them remained deep and strong. We always expected a road trip to Oklahoma. We would count the days, and when the day came, the entire family would pile into our car at four o'clock in the morning. Crossing the Mississippi River into Louisiana, the scenery changed. Crossing the Red River in Oklahoma, we were in a foreign world. Every trip to see my grandparents can't be without bringing delight. We jumped out of the car in their driveway to be met with bear hugs. My grandparents wanted to know everything about their grandchildren, and we would sit for hours and tell story after story. Grandma had a meal planned, and you could guess she prepared her grandsons' favorite foods. Of course the best part of the visit was that we were able to do whatever we wanted without punishment from our grandparents. Grandma and Grandpa always had presents for us, short trips planned and lovely surprises, such as the time we got to a local restaurant and ate the world's largest hamburger. \n Answer: Because they lived far away from each other.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the family visit their grandparents often?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ec6a39bf15634571956398771219e325",
            "input": "Article: Las Vegas cab driver Gerardo Gamboa thought someone must have left a bag of   chocolates in the back seat of his vehicle,but it turned out to be $300,000 in cold hard cash.     Now,Gamboa is winning honors for honesty after turning in the money he found Monday.The money was returned to an unidentified poker player working in a club.Yellow Checker Star Transportation named Gamboa its driver of the year and rewarded him with $l,000 and a dinner for two at a restaurant.     A message left Wednesday to interview Gamboa at the cab company wasn't immediately   returned.     Gamboa told the Las Vegas Review-Journal he had another passenger by the time he   began wondering what kind of chocolates were in the brown paper bag.He cast a glance inside   the bag at a traffic light.     \"I told my passenger,'You are my witness on this,'\"the 13-year taxi driver told the Las     Vegas Sun,\"and then immediately called my company.\"     Gamboa took the six bunches of $100 bills to the company's main office,where Las     Vegas police and the club officials returned it to the poker player.     Gamboa saidthemangave him a $5 tip after a trip from the Cosmopolitan Resort to the     Palms Place Tower,and Gamboa then drove to the Bellagio Resort,where a doorman helping a passenger into the car noticed the bag.     It took several hours to check the identity of the owner and return the cash.He took     Gamboa's information,but didn't leave a reward.     \"If he doesn't give me anything,that's OK,\"Gamboa told the Sun.\"I'm not waiting for any kind of return.I just wanted to do the right thing,and I appreciate what the company did for me.\" \n Answer: A passenger.",
            "output": [
                "Who proved the driver found $300.000?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a00949e79e8a4fe680ff508a66184d29",
            "input": "Article: Since I was a child, I called my father my Kong, after King Kong. I believed that he was just as strong as the giant ape . As he faced death, _ . Two months after he passed away, my sister called to ask if I would like to go see Lisa Williams, a well-known witch . I was familiar with Lisa from her show on Lifetime, and since I was eager to get a sign from my father, I agreed to go. I took my father's gold watch and listened as Lisa helped audience members communicate with their loved ones. \"I have a grandfather-like figure with me and he is speaking about his granddaughter Jilly,\" she announced. The audience was quiet; no one raised a hand. I nudged  my sister and whispered to her that this was Dad ,for my third child and my father had a deep bond(,) and he called her Jilly. Although I sensed his presence, I wasn't confident enough to raise my hand. I needed something a bit more concrete, something undoubted. \"This man is letting me know he had cancer,\" she continued. I nudged my sister harder and assured her this was our father. Lisa went on to say that this person died in June (my father had died June 8th). There was swelling of the legs. \"Important information,\" she called out. My heart beat fast . I jumped up when she asked, \"Who is holding his watch?\" I waved the watch in the air. \"He wishes you congratulations.\" My fourth child was born three weeks after my father died. I was in shock and could not believe I was getting a chance to hear from him, yet I knew our bond was strong enough that he could come to the world. She banged on her chest like an ape and apologized, saying, \"I don't know why but he wants me to do this like Tarzan.\" It didn't resonate  with me until my sister called out \"King Kong!\" I was convinced. No way could this woman have ever known a detail unless Dad was communicating through her. Each bit of information she gave us was just as meaningful. She ended our session by informing us that he would send us coins. The very next day I found six coins in various places; they seemed to have come out of nowhere. Even in death he is my Kong, and he remains important in my life. \n Answer: Miraculous Messages from Heaven",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2723bbb715694f45ae4871982afdcd14",
            "input": "Article: Coca-Cola is probably the most famous brand in the world, and in some areasyou can even access it easier than clean drinkable water. Although the company is trying to present itself as a health-conscious company, you can't really say that drinking cola is healthy for you. Still, we all drink cola, some more and some less, and we tell ourselves that it's all okay as long as we don't overdo it. However, Coca-Cola has other functions besides drinking. Cola removes the tarnish  from old pennies. Got some old rusty pennies? Not to worry! Put them inside a glass of cola and let them rest for a while. When you get them out, you'll have shiny pennies that will look as if they were coined a couple of days ago. If you couldn't clean those pennies with industrial acids, just buy a can of cola and let it do its magic! You can remove gum from your hair with cola. If you've got gum stuck in your hair and don't know a better way to get it out, don't worry, you won't have to cut it. Just pour some cola into a bowl and dip the part of your hair with gum on it inside. Leave it for a couple of minutes and then simply wipe off the gum. You can make an exploding fountain. You probably know about this one. You can make an exploding fountain by putting a mint  inside a two-liter bottle. Then move away from the bottle and get ready for a Coca-Cola explosion. This is a fun thing to do, but it is also a warning -- don't eat a mint and drink cola at the same time, because a similar thing could happen to your stomach. \n Answer: Take the place of acids.",
            "output": [
                "What can cola be used to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9827f8cdf9143b48802667368e3f18a",
            "input": "Article: A new study shows one of the largest glaciers  in Greenland is becoming smaller and speeding to the sea faster than scientists expected. If it continues, Greenland itself could become much smaller during this century and global seas could rise as much as 3 feet. The rates of change that we're noticing are much higher than expected. If these rates continue, it is not likely that Greenland could shrink by several tens of percent this century. However, it's not known how quickly this coastal response of the Greenland ice sheet melting will have an effect on the vast inland ice. Greenland is the world's largest island, covering area more than three times the size of Texas. Some 81 percent of it is covered by ice, and there are many glaciers. Glaciers are like slow-moving rivers of ice. Where a glacier meets the sea, its weight keeps it firmly resting on the bottom. A glacier's front is the point where the water is deep enough that the glacier floats. Since the 1970s, the front of Helheim stayed in the same place. Then it began melting rapidly, moving back 4.5 miles from 2001 through this past summer. It has also grown thinner, from top to bottom, by more than 130 feet since 2001. And over these past years, its trip to the sea has sped up from about 70 feet per day to nearly 110. The melting is driven by a warmer climate. Temperatures in Greenland have risen more than five degrees Fahrenheit  in the last ten years. Since most of Greenland's ice is on land, seas will rise as the ice melts. If all Greenland's ice sheet melted, oceans would be 15-20 feet higher. Nobody expects that to happen any time soon. \n Answer: Glaciers can increase the water level of lakes.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about the glaciers according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b7bd85f65a934d5ea4d44b42d6e643c6",
            "input": "Article: Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings. The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves. Decibels  measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of 120 decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decible level of 195 would have the same effect. Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of 120 decibles in oceans. They have observed that noises above that level can frighten and confuse whales. A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that loud noises could seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing, which seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected . Many researches whose work depends on ocean sounds disagree with a limit of 120 decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research. Scientists do not know how many and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they previously believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean. \n Answer: Noises at a certain level may hurt them.",
            "output": [
                "As to  the effects of noises on whales, which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a6ec1828e57b43af9ba7eda51fc637f6",
            "input": "Article: Many years before the United States was founded, Americans had already invented barbecues. But the first barbecues, in fact ,were the invention of the Taino Indians of Haiti, who dried their meat on raised frames   of sticks over fires. Spanish explorers spelled the Taino word as barbacoa, and as time passed, English settlers along the Atlantic coat had their own barbecues. One summer day in 1773, Benjamin Lynde, a citizen of Massachusetts, wrote in his diary, \"Fair and hot ; Browne; hack overset.\" That is , on a bright and hot day he went to the Brownes to attend a barbecue, and his carriage fell over. It shows that the barbecue had its social occasion by that time. Large animals would be roasted whole on frames over hot fires, and neighbours would be invited to dinner. In later centuries, as settlers moved to the west, the barbecue went along with it, reaching an especially large size in Texas, where a pit   for fuels such as tree branches might be over ten feet deep. Today, the barbecue grills   which are fueled by charcoal   or electricity are likely to be small and easy to move , and can cook only parts of an animal at a time, but people still have barbecues out of doors and always invite their neighbours or friends over. \n Answer: Taino Indians.",
            "output": [
                "Who invented the barbecues first in history?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bf6348233d274ad5a3fbfa71bd7dbd6d",
            "input": "Article: Do you know that many clowns go to school to learn how to be funny? How would you like to go to that school? You could learn how to walk and talk like a clown. Then you could make people laugh. Clowns may go to school for a year. There they learn to move in funny ways. They learn to run and jump like different animals. They also learn how to fall down in a special way. They make sure they don't get injured. They make every move look easy. But really it's hard work. In a school clowns decide how they will look. They make funny pants and tops. Then clowns have their funny long shoes made. They also learn to make up their faces. Clowns carefully put special paint on, so they look silly. They start by making every part of their feces white. Then they use red paint around their mouths to make them look big. Clowns may paint re spots on each side of their faces, too. Big red noses are added. They put on funny hair or funny hats. Now they look silly. They are ready to go to work! You can see clowns at the circus or parade. They do funny things to surprise people. Ten big clowns may get out of a very small car. Or they may walk on a high rope. Then they almost fall. The faces they make when they try to stand up again make people laugh. \n Answer: Clowns put on funny hair and hats and make faces",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-172485e2d51b4249844f0c384f611f4b",
            "input": "Article: I'm flying high today after hearing the news that Bamboo People is a top ten book on the Best Fiction for Young Adults 2011 list from the American Library Association. Here are the top ten titles with annotations  by YALSA librarians: *Bacigalupi, Paolo. Ship Breaker. Little, Brown, and Co. Nailer is a light crew cleaner tearing up old hulks of ships, living day to day, until a rich girl and her gleaming ship run ashore in a storm on the beach and his life gets more dangerous. *Donnelley, Jennifer. Revolution. Random House Children's Books/Delacorte. Haunted by the death of her brother, Andi is taken to Paris by her separated father where an encounter with a mysterious diary may bring her back from the edge. *Marchetta, Melina. Finnikin of the Rock. Candlewick. Finnikin and his fellow exiles from  Lumatere wish to return to their cursed homeland. Finnikin must go on an epic journey with a dumb beginner named Evanjalin to return home. *Matson, Morgan. Amy and Roger's Epic Detour. Simon & Schuster. Amy and Roger must both learn to deal with loss while on a road trip across the country which doesn't go as expected. *McBride, Lish. Hold Me Closer, Necromancer. Macmillan Children's Book Group/Henry Holt. When Sam discovers he is a necromancer  he must learn to control his power in order to defeat a powerful and corrupt opponent and save his friends. *Mulligan, Andy. Trash. David Fickling Books. Three garbage-picker boys find an item of great value to a corrupt politician on their rounds, setting off a tense hunt to see who will win. *Perkins, Mitali. Bamboo People. Chiko, a Burmese soldier and Tu Reh, a Kerenni refugee meet on opposite sides of war and each must learn what it means to be a man of his people. *Reinhardt, Dana. The Things a Brother Knows. Random House Children's Books/Wendy Lamb. Boaz is back and cheered as the hometown hero, but he is not at all the same. Can his younger brother Levi help him truly make his way home? *Saenz, Benjamin. Last Night I Sang to the Monster. Cinco Puntos Press, 2009. Weeks in therapy go by and 18-year-old Zach is still unable to remember the monstrous events that left him alone and haunted by nightmares. *Sedgwick, Marcus. Revolver. Roaring Brook Press. Sig is alone with his father's body when the lawless man his father had managed to escape appears out of the icy wilderness \n Answer: Bamboo People",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following books may not be classified as a thriller one?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-de92b3ed1e79434d9c335a083c1650ab",
            "input": "Article: Here's an unusual story: a diamond ring was recently found in an egg. The magician , Liu Qian, discovered it, in front of an audience of millions at CCTV's Spring Festival Gala. Liu's magic tricks have made the centuries old art of magic fashionable once again, and made him the hottest magician in China. As a _ young magician from Taiwan, Liu is popular worldwide for his magic shows. Countries he has performed in include the United States, Japan, South Korea and the UK. Witnessing something impossible happen right before your eyes is the root of people's love for magic. Liu is known for his interaction  with his audiences. He has a unique understanding of showmanship  . \"It is actually thinking, rather than one's manipulation skills, that is more important to achieving a successful magic show. We think carefully about how to design the shows creatively, to make them appear more intriguing ,\"Liu said. Liu Qian's success dates back to his childhood. Born in 1976 in Taiwan, he found himself attracted to a magic toy in a shop when he was seven years old. At the age of 12, he won Taiwan's Youth Magic Contest, which was judged by the great American magician, David Copperfield. Yet, Liu never planned on becoming a professional magician. He studied Japanese literature at university and only hoped to be an amateur  magician in his spare time. However, his failure to find a decent job after graduation pushed him towards magic as a career. To refine  his performing skills, he has performed on streets, roads and fields, for pedestrians , policemen and farmers. \"Street shows are the biggest challenge for us magicians. We have to deal with unexpected situations and tough crowds,\" Liu said. \n Answer: Because people love watching magicians make the impossible happen.",
            "output": [
                "Why do people love to watch magic?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-29ee90ea34bd49b0aaeced4bc0f068c2",
            "input": "Article: A sick little girl is being kept alive thanks to her best friend -- a dog who carries her oxygen tank on his back. Alida's faithful dog companion Mr Gibbs has been specially trained to shepherd the three-year-old, who breathes through a tube most of the time. He follows her closely as she plays in her family's ten-acre land in Louisville, uses the slide or even rides her bike.[:Z*xx*k.Com] Alida was diagnosed with neuroendocrine hyperplasia of infancy(NEHI)when she was just eight months old. Her rare condition has just eight hundred documented sufferers throughout the world, and causes diseased pieces of the lungs to filter oxygen through extra layers of cells, making it hard or almost impossible to breathe. For Alida and her parents, it meant that even a walk in the park was very difficult because oxygen equipment was too heavy for the youngster to be able to carry herself. As parents, they wanted to do something to help their daughter survive despite having a tube following her all the time. _ found out about \"service dogs\" from a TV program and realized an animal trained to help the blind could be trained to help Alida. They finally found help in the shape of golden doodle--a retriever crossed with a poodle-dog Mr Gibbs. Now thanks to trainer Ashleigh Kinsley--Alida and Mr Gibbs love nothing more than playing and running around together with the dog acting as Alida's life saver. \n Answer: A pet dog.",
            "output": [
                "What is Mr Gibbs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eaa1b4b1fb8a4f8c997b986c82c9d884",
            "input": "Article: Going green seems to be fad for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we can't really say, but for the tow of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle. On April22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task. With the idea of going green every single day for a year, Our Green Year started. My life and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment. We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps. Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyle. We now shop at organic stores. We consume less meat, choosing green food. We have greatly reduced our buying we don't need. We have given away half of what we owned through websites. Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners. We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread. In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished. Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others. We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet. \n Answer: Going Green.",
            "output": [
                "What might be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-44ad97081d1b429cbba426598051b8d2",
            "input": "Article: DU Lala is the hottest career coach in the country. The fictional character in the acclaimed novel Du La La's Promotion shows others how to take the high road to success in a multinational company. But does her story describe a real or distorted picture of work life? The answer is as complicated as office life itself. Over one million copies of the book have been sold since its release in 2007. Go Lala Go!, a movie adaptation of the novel set to hit cinemas next weekend, has stirred up even more interest in the story. The film stars Xu Jinglei and Stanley Huang, but fans seem to be more excited about seeing the story unfold on the big screen. According to a recent sina.com survey, 45 percent of the 6,810 netizens polled said they have drawn career pointers from the novel. Other office novels, such as In and Out of the Loop, Win and Lose and Drowning and Floating, seem to have been received with similar interest. \"These books show me the life of white collars, and they teach me career rules and jargon that are not offered in class,\" said Zhang Shanshan, a 22-year-old senior at Beijing Forestry University. Zhang says the competition, humor and office gossip in the book intrigued her. \"I can't wait to embark on my own career,\" she said. The popularity of office novels does not surprise Chen Ning, a senior career consultant at Zhaopin.com. \"Novels about office fights and struggles satisfy the psychological demands of an ordinary office worker,\" Chen said. \"The leading characters face great pressure, fierce competition and an uncertain future. This is what really happens in many readers' daily life.\" Li Ke, the author of Du Lala's Promotion, has been stressing the significance of her fiction. \"I want to provide real and useful common sense, knowledge and experience to office workers,\" Li told the Qianjiang Evening News last year. Recent graduates say they have found the basic work principles highlighted in the novel to be instructive. \"If these books had been published five years earlier, I might have avoided some problems,\" said Xu Jun, an HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Company. \"They often discuss basic office principles, which are relevant for staff working under the middle management level. They also help readers to see the importance of basic problem solving and organizational skills.\" But some veteran employees warn that the novels are not always realistic. They say this is especially true of the characters. \"The protagonists appear to be unbeatable,\" said Hou Zhendong, an HR manager at General Electric. \"Du Lala's team leader quit in an irresponsible way; her boss is inept; and the staff around her is either stupid or overly-sophisticated. Du stands out in emergencies and makes all the right decisions. The truth is, real-life colleagues are not that polarized ,\" Hou said. \"You seldom get to negotiate your salary with a big boss. And, most of the time, you make wrong decisions far more than you make correct ones.\" The career principles in the books are also of limited use. \"Most of the stories happen in Fortune 500 companies with a long history. Their cultures are well-established, and their rules are scientific,\" Hou said. \"But if you work for a small foreign company, or a local enterprise, some principles are useless.\" Liu Rui, a project manager at IBM, suggests fans of these books focus on the little bits of wisdom they provide. \"The novels give rookies  some inspiration,\" he said. \"They emphasize the importance of observation, practice and self-examination. These tips are precious and universally true.\" \n Answer: The best novel shows readers how to be promoted in various companies.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-17342e886df34143a76ed8971b90f500",
            "input": "Article: When raising children, the small things make big differences in development . Because children are people, not machines, different children need different things, and buying band name clothing and having the perfect haircut or the biggest collection of expensive toys are not the kind of attention that they need. These kinds of things will make children feel rejected and teach them that material things and appearance are more important than love.      Children need the attention from their parents. The areas of their lives and the abilities that get the most attention will develop the most. If the majority of parental attention is given to the way they stand or to finishing tasks, these areas will become more developed. When parents focus on finding faults, children will eventually take in all of that criticism. These methods often lead to unmotivated children with low self-esteem .      Children need attention to be given to the details of their lives. They need encouragement from their parents. Statements like,\"It makes me happy when you play nicely with your brother\" will make a child feel good . Identify the specific talent, how it is used, and your reaction to it. Train the young minds to search for their talents with the same kind of attention to the details that may have previously been devoted to fault-finding. It also helps to identify personal qualities to praise rather than external ones based on appearance.      Focusing on the details when children do good things is important. They need to know exactly what they did was good and how it made you feel .Parents often spend too much time looking for faults. When parents focus on good things, it results in motivated children with high self-esteem. _ ) are also. \n Answer: Parents should pay attention to the small things about their kids.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-63f4a618f39a42d7801425d0fdd14c90",
            "input": "Article: Kiss of Death is a romantic detective story whose basic theme focuses totally on dogs.  Whitney Marshall had just gone through a divorce, appearing practically penniless while her husband, a promising plastic surgeon, was left with the property and the debts, and his new wife. Whitney seeks help from her cousin, Miranda, who had lived with them as a child. Miranda is operating a dog walking business and lives in the caretaker's cottage of one of her employers, Calvin Hunter. Whitney's approach is timely as Miranda is getting married and leaving for a two- week honeymoon. She leaves her house and the dogs in Whitney's care.  Living next door is Adam Hunter; an expert of the Iraqi war who had suffered a battle injury. During his recovery, his uncle Calvin had asked Adam to his home in prefix = st1 /Greecetelling him that he was certain someone was likely to murder him. His uncle Calvin recently died of an apparent heart attack and Adam has come to Calvin California home to straighten out his affairs and to further investigate the death. Adam is from the area, and was previously called up in the security business with his former police partner.  Immediately after Calvin's death, his home had been broken into and the only things stolen were his computer and related things. Adam has an accountant trying to sort out his uncle financial affairs. His uncle had become fascinated to a pet dog who had \"taken Westminster by storm,\"and had caught the dog show fever, spending his time judging and attending shows. To the surprise of all, however, there does not seem to be any money in his accounts.  Whitney and Adam meet when he catches her in the house. Whitney is merely dealing with Calvin's dog, one of her new responsibilities. They continue to meet as outside causes throw them together and romance starts.  Whitney's former husband Ryan tries to persuade her to sign a deal over to him that he claims he had not been properly taken care of in the divorce. She is hesitating, waiting to see a lawyer. Then, Whitney's dog is missing, kidnapped  by Ryan's new wife's personal trainer; the caretaker's cottage is bombed; and most importantly, they find the man that Miranda was to marry had never heard of her, and she seems missing.  The plot seems to circle among all these people, heading nowhere until the end of the book when it picks up speed, and all is exposed. Kiss of Death will be unforgettable only to readers who enjoy learning mysterious facts about dogs. \n Answer: Her cousin asked her to look after the dogs while she was away.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about Whitney Marshall?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-06b97c3af0c24751ade0de237ccbc069",
            "input": "Article: Jack was not a stupid kid,nor was he the shiniest spoon in the drawer. He didn't care for school. With his \"I'd rather be fishing\" attitude, Jack missed a lot of classes. Knowing that graduating from middle school was not going to be written in his life, Jack became a dropout  at the age of fourteen.  Jack was sent to live on his uncle's farm in Wisconsin. He happily stayed there until he reached the age of eighteen. He wanted to see more about the United States, so he went to California. He found a good job at an aircraft company. He had to lie about his education. Worrying that his background was found out, Jack was employed there.  Two years later, Jack got married. He wanted to better his life, so he signed up for a home study course to get his high school diploma .He chose his elective subject to be automotive technology .Sadly, this was ended when he took his wife and son back to his uncle's farm. Jack found a job as a worker in a wire factory. Seven years later, Jack began dreaming of something better for them all. He wanted to be an automobile engineer, and he knew that it needed education to get into that field.  Because of Jack's efforts, he joined a junior college in California. Jack was accepted to go for his Associates in Arts degree in automotive technology.  Jack found that for the most parts, the studies covered most of what he had learned in elementary school. He studied hard for two years and passed the final examination. He received his diploma. Jack went on to work as an automotive technician for an excellent company. Within a year he was the engineer. \n Answer: He had little interest in school study.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jack fail to finish his middle school education?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ddb4e28e2df54041802039059fd951b1",
            "input": "Article: President Obama ranks 15th out of 44 in a poll of the best and worst Presidents while former President George W. Bush earns a place in the bottom five, according to the Siena College Research Institute's recent survey released Thursday Obama won a top ten place in two skill set categories, communication ability (7th) and ability to compromise  (10th), and in two personality trait categories, imagination (6th) and intelligence (8th). Background, described as family, education, and experience, proved his lowest score at 32nd. This is the 5th time the institute has conducted the survey of U.S. presidents, which is done a year after a new president takes office. The first survey was done in 1982. \"Obviously, there's not great  _ to the poll since the Presidents have only been in office for one year,\" says the survey's co-director and statistician Douglas Lonnstrom. \"But it's a benchmark for us to see how they move.\" Presidents tend to rank around 20th while they are in office, and Obama is no exception. His actions over the next few years will decide if he stays roughly the same like Reagan--who moved from 16th to 20th, 22nd, 16th again, and finally to 18th this year--or like Bush, who fell from 23rd to 39th. Franklin D. Roosevelt has held his title as top president since 1982 with the same four following as top five: Theodore Roosevelt, Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson. The survey, which ranks Presidents using 20 different factors, shows Jefferson was the most intelligent president, Richard Nixon was the worst at honesty and avoiding serious mistakes, Lincoln had the best overall ability, and Washington was the best leader. \n Answer: Imagination.",
            "output": [
                "In which category did Obama win his best place?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e6011ea843fc41f8a7a1f9329f3fdaab",
            "input": "Article: Most people looking for ways to quit smoking worry about weight gain, and with good reason. Smokers who quit tend to pack on an average of 5 pounds after they stop smoking cigarettes. A new study, published by the journal Science, explains why this happens.               The new research explains that nicotine appears to combine with appetite-regulating neurons   in the brain, besides the receptors    that bring about addiction. These neurons help regulate how much food gets consumed, but under the influence of nicotine, they lose their self-control. This is why when smokers quit, they tend to eat more and gain weight.               The researchers believe that their discovery will lead to the development of drugs that aim at nicotine receptors on brain cells that control appetite. In the future, weight gain may no longer be a reason for smokers to delay the decision to kick the habit, but that's no reason to wait. Nicotine-replacement treatment, while not for everyone, can help. Here are a few more ways to quit smoking and stay slim.               Drink water. To improve metabolic   rates, make half of those glasses ice water. Juice can be too high in calories, something you'll want to keep an eye on your journey toward being a slimmer non-smoker. Plan your snacks. Healthy snacks help keep your metabolism working, so you continue to burn calories while stopping wild hunger pain, or fake hunger.                Keep moving. Exercise kills two birds with one stone. It helps you burn calories and prevents you from eating when you're not truly hungry. It's also a feel-good stress reliever  . Focus on your fitness and how being healthy makes you feel. Make exercise a goal and think of quitting as your reward for being physically fit. \n Answer: Nicotine.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following changes people's appetite according to the new research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-06b89902be1048d895c8242e6d6aac17",
            "input": "Article: Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests they both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager. \"I would never have said to my mom, 'Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?'\" says Ballmer. \"There was just a complete gap in taste.\" Music was not the only _ . From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits. Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable and common. And parent--child activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood. No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, \"To my mother, my best friend.\" But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. \"There's still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening,\" says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. \"In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents.\" Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic  process that encourages everyone to have a say. \"My parents were on the 'before' side of that change, but today's parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the  'after' side,\" explains Mr. Ballmer. \"It's not something easily done by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.\" \n Answer: Parents share more interests with their children.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following shows that the generation gap is disappearing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e50e15c80e274bd9b0fe74b215dfb786",
            "input": "Article: A student is given three toys by his teacher and is asked to find out the differences. All the three toys seem to be the same in shape, size and material. After careful observation, the student finds out holes in the toys. The first toy has holes in the ears. The second toy has holes in one ear and the mouth. And the third toy has only one hole in one ear. Then the student puts a needle in the ear hole of the first toy. The needle comes out from the other ear. When the needle is put in the second toy's ear it comes out of the mouth. And when the needle is put in the third toy's ear, it does not come out. The first toy means those people around you who make you think that they are listening to you and caring for you. But they just pretend to do so. After listening, as the needle comes out from the other ear, the things you said to them are gone. So be careful while you are speaking to this type of person around you, who does not care for you. The second toy means those people who listen to you and make you think that they care for you. But as the needle comes out from its mouth, these people will use your things and the words you tell them against you by telling them to others for their own purpose. For the third toy, the needle does not come out from it. These kinds of people will keep the trust you have in them. They are the ones you can depend on. \n Answer: Holes",
            "output": [
                "What does the difference between the three toys lie in?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fd35de9f95aa4b7084ea66216135164e",
            "input": "Article: The year of 2014 saw smart people always busy inventing useful things, which have hepled to make the world better, smarter and a little for fun. Now, let's take a look at some of the inventions. Super banana Australian biogeneticist  James Dale visited Uganda, a poor African country, in the early 2000s, where he found that 15-30 percent of children under 5 were at risk of going blind because they did not get enough Vitamin A. Dale also learned that people there love bananas. They eat three to 11 bananas a day. So he came up with the idea to plant bananas containing added nutrition in order to improve Ugandans' health. With the help of Bill Gates' foundation, Dale developed the \"super banana\". He added a gene to the fruit, making it rich in Vitamin A. Coaching basketball Basketball is popular worldwide, partly because you only need a hoop  and a ball to play the game. But this simple game has experienced a technology makeover this year with the development of a smart-sensor basketball. The ball, called the 94Fifty Basketball, has nine sensors inside. They can tell you anything from how fast you are going to how accurate your shot angles are. With a Bluetooth chip inside, the basketball can connect to your smartphone and tell you in the voice of a coach to \"snap your wrist  \", or\"go faster\", depending on the data. The Hovercraft Thanks to the California-based company Hendo, flying past your friends on a floating board could soon become a reality. The Hovercraft has four small engines. These create a special magnetic field which produce enough force to lift the board off  the ground. At the moment, the hoverboard  can only float an inch off the ground for 15 minutes and must fly over a metal material. It's expensive too, at $10,000 (61,810 yuan), but the company hopes that one day the technology could be used. Wireless electricity Most of us could not bear to live without wireless Internet. We use it every day for everything from our phones to our cars. But one company wants to go a step further, by combining wireless technology with electricity. That's right, no more tangled   wires and no more having to sit and hold your cell phone near a power socket  in the corner of the room. WiTricity, a US company, has invented technology that can power objects up to 2.4 meters away. It uses a special plug-in coil   that creates a magnetic field! \n Answer: people's eating habits can be used to develop new food.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements would James Dale agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ffed81ecb1f94a37b824783747c6b45c",
            "input": "Article: Do you like somewhere a little bit different to the usual types of places you find on the high street? I do,so I'm glad to see new ones popping up everywhere in London. The so called pop-up shop is a temporary arrangement.In the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008,many businesses had to shut down.Shops,warehouses and offices were left vacant when they stopped trading.Pop-up enterprisers occupied some of them quickly. For them the appeal of this temporary shopping concept is clear:they can start a business with much 1ower risk.The temporary nature of a pop-up shop gives the opportunity to test a product and develop a customer base,without being tied in to a long-term renting contract. Being small makes it much easier for pop-ups to expand if they are successful* Pop-up shops first appeared in the UK in the early 2000s,with the economy booming. They were originally a way for small companies to rent retail space in great locations. This was while landlords who owned these spaces looked for permanent renters. Pop-up shops can take a number of different forms.They might be temporary shops in the high street or a shopping centre.They might be simple market stalls . They could be based in some kind of transport,like a food truck.Or they could be run by people who visit different establishments,like travelling chefs who take over pub and restaurant kitchens temporarily. According to a report by the Centre of Economic and Business Research,the pop-up industry was worthPS2.1bn and is expected to grow by 8.4%this year.Almost anything that can be on a high street can also be a pop-up.There have been pop-up shops,art galleries,theatres and restaurants among others.In an age of fast-changing habits,the pop-up idea might be here to stay. \n Answer: Temporary shopping concept.",
            "output": [
                "What nature of the pop-up shops appeals many small companies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bd343b912d2a4ccb9426ed31bf513a43",
            "input": "Article: Every culture in the world has marriage and wedding ceremonies . Usually marriages are between one woman(the bride) and one man ( the groom). However, in other parts of the world a man may have several wives, or, as in some areas of India, a wife may have more than one husband.. There are also many different kinds of wedding ceremonies practiced around the world. These ceremonies can be very short and simple, or very long and complicated. One of the largest and most expensive wedding ceremonies in recent times was held in Dubai in 1981. The couple tying the knot at this wedding were the son of Sheik ( a male Arab ruler) Rashid Bin Saeed Al Maktoum and Princess Salama. The wedding ceremony took seven days and cost $44 million. It was held in a large building which was specially built for the ceremony and looked like a stadium. The bride and groom needed a large place for their wedding because more than 20,000 guests were invited. The reasons why a man and woman get married also vary. Sometimes they marry because they are in love, sometimes they marry because someone they meet through a matchmaker, and sometimes they marry because their parents tell them that they must marry. One unusual example of an arranged marrige took place in Bangladesh in 1986.  The groom was an eleven-month-old boy and the bride was a three-month-old girl. They were the youngest married couple ever. The parents of the bride and groom arranged the marriage as a way of ending a fight between the two families who had been arguing over a farm for twenty years. Both families thought they owned the farm, but no one knew exactly . The fight ended for good when the young boy married the young girl. By arranging this marriage, neither famlily was forced to lose face. The two families agreed to give the farm to the young people. \n Answer: Interesting Wedding Around the World",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9d41ed7907749f5b208d530cee4691c",
            "input": "Article: You're in your office when you learn there's someone with a gun wandering outside. You can hear gunshots and screams. What do you do? That's the challenge for users of a new virtual  reality program called SurviVR, designed to train employees how to deal with an active shooter situation in the workplace. The program works with HTC Vive, the virtual reality headset released earlier this year. An active shooter situation is when an armed person or people actively shoot in a small, populated area with the intention to kill. There were 20 such situations in the United States last year and 20 the year before, according to FBI statistics, resulting in a total of 231 deaths. This year saw the deadliest active shooter situation in US history , with 49 people killed in a nightclub in Orlando. In the training situation, users have four choices. They can lock themselves in the office. They can hide, perhaps in the office closet. They can run for an exit. Or they can use something in the office--a computer or a cup a pair of scissors-as a weapon to fight the shooter. This is an improvement on standard active shooter training. Gallo says, which typically teachers people to lock themselves in place and hide. The \"lock down\" method is often ineffective, he says, and has resulted in many deaths in recent years. In the training's basic level, no one gets killed. But as the trainings become more advanced, players who make a wrong choice be shot. There's no blood; the screen simply turns black slowly. If this sounds terrifying, that's the point, says Gallo. There are plenty of training programs to teach employees how to deal with workplace violence, sometimes involving role play with toy guns. But these trainings are basically games. Gallo says, with employees relaxed and even enjoying themselves. To teach people what they really need to know for an active shooter situation, they need to be scared. \"SurviVR will take the fear and turn it into confidence.\" Gallo says. \n Answer: To attract the readers' attention on the new virtual reality program.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's purpose of describing a dangerous scene in Para. 1?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-47b0c61e515943338315f914dff8b9ed",
            "input": "Article: Peter and his seven-year-old sister ,Kate , were at the same school. Not long after his tenth birthday Peter was entrusted to take her to school. It was only two stops down the road , but the way his parents kept going on about it , you might have thought Peter was taking Kate to the North Pole . He was given instructions the night before. When he woke up , he had to listen to them over and over again. He was to keep hold of Kate's hand at all times , sit close to the front nearest the window , and tell the bus driver the name of his stop. Peter repeated all this back to his mother and set out for the bus stop with his sister. They held hands all the way. Actually he didn't mind this but simply hoped that none of his friends would see him holding a girl's hand. The bus came. They got on and sat close to the front. It was ridiculous sitting there holding hands and there were some boys from school there, so they let go of each other. Peter was feeling proud of himself. He could take care of his sister anywhere. If they were alone tighter on a mountain pass and came face to face with a pack of hungry wolves, he could know exactly what to do. Taking care and not to make sudden movement, he would move away with Kate until they had their backs to a large rock. That way the wolves would not be able to surround them. Then he takes from his pocket two important things--his hunting knife and a box of matches. He takes the knife from its sheath  and sets it down on the grass, ready in case the wolves attack. They're coming close now. They're so hungry and are watering and growling  . Kate is crying, but he cannot comfort her. He knows he has to concentrate on his plan. Right at their feet are some dry leaves and twigs. Quickly and skillfully, Peter gathers them into a small pile. The wolves are edging closer. He has to get this right. There's only one match left in the box. He bends down, cups his hand and lights the match. There's strong rush of wind. The flame flickers, but Peter holds it close to the pile and then first one leaf, then another, then the end of a twig catch fire, and soon the little pile is burning. He piles on more leaves and twigs and larger sticks. The wolves are backing off. Wild animals are terrified of fire. The flames are leaping higher and the wind is carrying the smoke right into their jaws. Now Peter takes holds of the hunting knife and ... Ridiculous! A daydream like this could make him miss his stop if he wasn't careful. The bus had come to a halt. The kids from his school were already getting off. Peter leaped to his feet and just managed to jump to the pavement as the bus was starting off again. It was more than fifty yards down the road when he realized he had forgotten something. Was it his backpack ? No. It was his sister. He had saved her from the wolves and left her sitting there. For a moment, he couldn't move. He stood watching the bus pull away up the road. \"Come back,\" he murmured, \"Come back.\" \n Answer: Mother asked Peter to hold Kate's hand all the way.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a77d6b8c57e84c7789d77a9e35fb8787",
            "input": "Article: How do you know if your mother likes you or not? That is a question I have been struggling with a lot lately. My mother and I used to talk on the phone a few times a day. I saw her at least twice a week. Now she doesn't answer when I call, and never calls me back. She doesn't see me and then complains that I don't see her enough. It all started a few months ago, I started having a date with a man, and we became serious quickly. This is not the first boyfriend I have had. I know she isn't mad at me for my finding love. The turn-in events happened when I moved from about 15 minutes away from my mom to 1.5 hours away from her. She encouraged it, she seemed happy, and she helped me pack. Since then, everything has changed. I can't tell if she cares about me and I don't know if she is bitter. When I call her, she says she is busy and will call me back. Then the problem is that she never calls me back, I make plans with her, but she cancels. Then when I do see her, she gives me comments like \"It's been a while since you came to see me\". It seems like I haven't tried. It's very frustrating. I don't know what is wrong, and she won't talk to me, so I can't find out. Does anyone have any advice for what to do in a situation like this? Part of me wants to cry and stop trying. But not talking to her tears me apart. Please give me some advice below. \n Answer: To ask for some advice.",
            "output": [
                "What's the writer's purpose of writing these passages?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e2119ab136614fc99224b0697d9de850",
            "input": "Article: When Shakespeare was twenty-one, he went to London to try his fortune in that great city, and a very interesting place was the London of his day. There was the famous London Bridge and St. Paul's Cathedral, and palaces and markets and long streets full of shops. Then, too, there were the daily crowds where people from all over the world could be seen. Knights,scholars and the highwayman  or thief,who had been infamous for his clever robberies, passed by each other. Here, also, were noblemen dressed in gold, from Italy and Spain and France; slaves from Spanish America, sea captains and ministers, soldiers and servants--all held by chance or interest within the gray walls which circled London, and whose gates gave welcome to as strange a crowd as could be found in the world. Into this curious crowd came Shakespeare, quick to see and eager to learn. And before long all these strange sights were as familiar to him as the faces of his own town's residents. Each _ told its story to him so plainly that, as before he had learned the secrets of the fields and woods, so now he learned men and men's interests that make up the great world. And he learned these lessons so well that when he came to write his plays, he made such use of them as no writer ever made before or since; for it is the use of this knowledge of the world, combined with his own genius, that makes Shakespeare the greatest dramatist that has ever lived. \n Answer: Shakespeare was good at observing and learning from the daily life.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best describes Shakespeare?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-99dc708c939d461eb060b1daf621558b",
            "input": "Article: Some people are lucky enough to be born with a good sense of direction and even if they have only visited a place once, they will be able to find it again years later. I am one of those unfortunate people who have poor sense of direction and I may have visited a place time after time but I still get lost on my way there. When I was young I was so shy that I never dared ask complete strangers the way and so I used to wander round in circles and hope that by some chance I would get to the spot I was heading for. I am no longer too shy to ask people for direction, but I often receive replies that puzzle me. Often people do not like to admit that they didn't know their hometown and will insist on telling you the way, even if they do not know it; others, who are anxious to prove that they know their hometown very well, will give you a long list of directions which you can not possibly hope to remember, and still others do not seem to be able to tell between their left and their right and you find in the end that you are going in the opposite direction to that in which you should be going. If anyone ever asks me the way to somewhere, I always tell them I am a stranger to the town in order to avoid giving them wrong direction but even this can have embarrassing results. Once I was on my way to work when I was stopped by a man who asked me if I would direct him the way to the Sunlight Building. I gave my usual reply, but I had not walked on a few steps when I realized that he had asked for directions to my office building. However, at this point, I decide it was too late to turn back and search for him out of the crowd behind me as I was going to meet with someone at the office and I did not want to keep him waiting. Imagine my embarrassment when my secretary showed in the very man who had asked for directions of my office and his astonishment when he recognized me as the person he had asked. \n Answer: He will reply to it by the means of being a stranger to the town.",
            "output": [
                "What is the writer going to do when someone asks him for direction?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3b28e4f40f044352a62a4990cf3b6948",
            "input": "Article: About us Summer Camps offer many programs that develop athletic skills, teamwork and healthy habits to kids. We create a safe and noncompetitive environment for learning and making friends. Our counselors  are required to complete much training. Directors and head counselors are certified in CPR  and First Aid and so on. Full-day Camp (ages 6-13) A typical camp starts with soccer, kickball, basketball or field games. After lunch, the kids do three activities. Depending on location, there are swimming, science and nature, arts and crafts, rope courses. Li'1 Rascals Day Camp (ages 3-5) Preschoolers get all the fun of full-day camp in half the time. Activities include arts and crafts, sports, games and relays. Each week has different themes. All participants must be able to be taught to use a patty . Specialty  camps (ages 14-16) These specialty camps build many athletes. Our experienced staff will help your child be excellent in his or her favorite sport. *Tennis   *Basketball    *Soccer    *Dance    *Cheerleading Fee: $120 Contact Information Call: 068-990-3224; E-mail: summercampsforkids@hotmail.com or Write to: 125 Seventh Avenue South New York, NY 10014 What the parents from last year say about the camps: \"All the activities were perfect. My son definitely wants to return next year and I will recommend the camp to others.\"    --Kate \"I think this is one of the best camps that my children have attended. The counselors and directors are enthusiastic and friendly. The programs are excellent and it is the only camp that they ask to go back to.\"      --Jack \"My children had an excellent time at your camp. I was very impressed by both your friendly, helpful counselors and directors and the excellent way that the entire camp was organized and run. I will consider next year! Many thanks.\"     --Mary \n Answer: The counselors at Summer Camps all have rich experience.",
            "output": [
                "What do you know from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6cb702822f344114967e840e97482fac",
            "input": "Article: Three English dictionaries published recently all lay claim to possessing a \"new\" feature. The BBC English Dictionary contains background information on 1,000 people and places prominent in the news since 1988; the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary: Encyclopedic Edition is the OALD plus encyclopedic entries; the Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture is the LDOCE plus cultural information. The key fact is that all three dictionaries can be seen to have a distinctly \"cultural\" as well as language learning content. That being said, the way in which they approach the cultural element is not identical, making direct comparisons between the three difficult. While there is some common ground between the encyclopedic/cultural entries for the Oxford and Longman dictionaries, there is a clear difference. Oxford lays claim to being encyclopedic on content whereas Longman distinctly concentrates on the language and culture of the English speaking world. The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny   for cultural bias than the Longman publication because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the English-speaking world. The cultural objectives of the BBC dictionary are in turn more distinct still. Based on an analysis of over 70 million words recorded from the BBC World Service and National Public Radio of Washington over a period of four years, their 1,000 brief encyclopedic entries are based on people and places that have featured in the news recently. The intended user they have in mind is a regular listener to the World Service who will have a reasonable standard of English and a developed skill in listening comprehension. In reality, though, the BBC dictionary will be purchased by a far wider range of language learners, as will the other two dictionaries. We will be faced with a situation where many of the users of these dictionaries will at the very least have distinct socio-cultural perspectives and may have world views which are totally opposed and even hostile to those of the West. Advanced learners from this kind of background will not only evaluate a dictionary on how user-friendly it is but will also have definite views about the scope and appropriateness of the various socio-cultural entries. \n Answer: The increase in the number of entries.",
            "output": [
                "What feature sets apart the three dictionaries discussed in the passage from traditional ones?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cccfdb30e3ec4e8bb14c7b19e9524f62",
            "input": "Article: Whether you like it or not, your parents are responsible   for you, at least until you're out of high school. But does it feel like your parents are stressing you out with their love? Do you often fight with them?   Hu Muqing, 16, of Shenyang, complains that his parents only care about his grades and not his other needs. He and his parents fight the most about the time he spends watching TV and on the Internet. \"They think because I'm in high school I should concentrate on my work,\" the Shenyang teenager said. \"However, I need to be able to relax. Most of my friends can watch TV and surf the Web a lot. There are times when it's hard to talk to them.\" After some talks, Hu has been allowed to watch TV for 15 to 20 minutes every night, but has been told to keep away from the computer.  Since she feels she's grown up now, Shen Ying, 17, wants more respect from her parents. \"My father shouts at me when he's in a bad mood  . He doesn't listen to me, but instead acts like, 'I'm the boss'!\" said the teenager from Mianyang, Sichuan province. \"I'd like my parents to treat me like a friend and understand that respect is a two-way street.\"     \"It's the age when teenagers are becoming more independent  . But their parents are very concerned   about their kids' futures,\" said Sun Yunxiao, a senior researcher at the China Youth and Children Research Center. Sun suggests that teenagers should learn to communicate with their parents effectively  .   \"Find the right time for a talk. On Mother's Day or Father's Day, say 'Thank you' to your parents or give them a small gift with a letter so they can get inside your head a little,\" he advised. Sun also believes that teenagers have to work to earn trust and respect from their parents.  \"You need to make sure they know that you're not going to screw up your exams or let them down. Let them know that you want to do well, and that you will do well,\" he said. \n Answer: senior high students",
            "output": [
                "Who do you think the passage is aimed at?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eac465a7e1b2492b99aef4f28541cc51",
            "input": "Article: The right name is important in the business world. All you have to do is think of the names for some of the products you buy every day and you'll agree that the name and the product are connected in everyone's mind.  In many countries, successful trade or brand names are protected by law. This is so that other companies cannot make a product that looks like another. People might think that they were buying one product and, in fact, be buying something different. Businesses register a company or a product name with the government. In fact, more than 1,000 product and company names are registered every hour. Many companies spend a lot of money to find the right name for their products. A good example of this is in the car industry. Some successful names for cars have powerful associations. The Ford Mustang and the Jaguar are only two examples of choosing the names of animals that are fast and strong.  When a U.S. company decides to sell its product in another country, it has to make sure that the product name translates properly. When Coca-Cola introduced its soft drink to China, it looked for the right name. It wanted a name that would do two things. One was to present its image in Chinese and the second was to be close to its first brand name -Coke. It took some efforts before finding the right word - which sounds similar and translates as \"happiness in the mouth\". Asian company names are not new to the United States. The brand names of Samsung and Sony have been successful. Finding the right brand name is a big business. Asian companies that sell to foreign markets pay to find a name that will connect with its customers. There are even naming companies that specialize in inventing product names. These companies can charge up to $ 100,000 a word for their creations. But it's worth it. Successful companies know how important the right brand names are for their development. \n Answer: To prevent products from being copied.",
            "output": [
                "Why are trade names protected by law in many countries?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7ed4ab49a4074bd8ac85660d21880205",
            "input": "Article: prefix = st1 /Gland, Switzerland - Rivers on every continent are drying out, threatening severe water shortages, according to a new WWF report. The report, World's Top Rivers at Risk, released ahead of World Water Day (22 March), lists the top ten rivers that are fast dying as a result of climate change, pollution and dams. \"All the rivers in the report symbolize the current freshwater crisis, which we have been signalling for years,\" says WWF Global Freshwater Programme Director Jamie Pittock. \"Poor planning and inadequate protection of natural areas mean we can no longer assume that water will flow forever. Like the climate change crisis, which now has the attention of business and government, we want leaders to take notice of the emergency facing freshwater now not later.\"  Five of the ten rivers listed in the report are in Asia alone. They are the Yangtze, Mekong, Salween, Ganges and Indus. Europe's Danube, the America'sLa Plataand Rio Grande/Rio Bravo, Africa's Nile-Lake Victoria andAustralia's Murray-Darling also make the list. Dams along the Danube River -- one of the longest flowing rivers in Europe -- have already destroyed 80 per cent of the river basin's wetlands and floodplains. Even without warmer temperatures threatening to melt Himalayan glaciers, the IndusRiverfaces scarcity due to over-extraction for agriculture. Fish populations, the main source of protein and overall life support systems for hundreds of thousands of communities worldwide, are also being threatened. The report calls on governments to better protect river flows and water allocations in order to safeguard habitats and people's livelihoods. \"Conservation of rivers and wetlands must be seen as part and parcel of national security, health and economic success,\" Pittock adds. \"Emphasis must be given to exploring ways of using water for crops and products that do not use more water than necessary.\" In addition, cooperative agreements for managing shared resources, such as the UN Watercourses Convention, must be ratified and given the resources to make them work, says WWF.  \"The freshwater crisis is bigger than the ten rivers listed in this report but it mirrors the extent to which unabated development is  _ nature's ability to meet our growing demands,\" says Pittock. \"We must change our mindset now or pay the price in the not so distant future.\"(373) \n Answer: Less rainfall",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is not the cause of severe water shortage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e6b4026cd02d42f49b0285c67a5917e9",
            "input": "Article: When people reunite with their loved ones, it's usually all extremely happy moment. But what is their most common response to seeing them again? It may seem strange,but most of the time they break down in tears. Now a group of psychologists from Yale University say they have found the reason why, and that crying tears of joy may well be the body's way of keeping emotional balance. \"They seem to take place when people are overtaken by strong positive emotions, and people who do this seem to recover better from those strong emotions,\" Oriana Aragon, the lead researcher said. Aragon and her fellow psychologists looked at hundreds of participants' emotional responses to different things, including happy reunions and cute babies. Many participants said they would react in a negative or aggressive way to the positive things ---- to cry at happy moments and want to pinch a cute baby's face or even tell them \"I want to eat you up!\" But then researchers found that these people were able to calm down from strong emotions more quickly. There are many other examples of times when people respond to a positive experience with a negative emotional reaction. At an exciting concert, fans scream at their idols . People who have just had a big lottery win are often in floods of tears. \"These findings advance our understanding of how people express and control their emotions, which is importantly related to mental and physical health, the quality of relationships with others, and even how well people work together.\" said Aragon. \n Answer: Crying tears of joy helps to balance emotions.",
            "output": [
                "What have professors from Yale University found in their research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-30ee6a8850874b0b86dc36a7a47ea033",
            "input": "Article: At first all films were in black and white, but in 1932 the first color film was made. It proved as unpopular as making films had done in the late 1920's. It was not until 1938 that a full length color film was made, and the success of this film made producers  everywhere change from black and white to color. This first full-length color film was translated  into ten different languages and made Hollywood the main center( )of film industry  In the early days of the cinema, other countries had also film industries. Very good films were made in Sweden, Britain, Russia and France. However, because Holleywood had so much money to spend, it kept its position as the world's most important film center. Film actors went to America because they knew they could get a lot of money for every film they made. In 1918 Charlie Chaplin (*)received $5 each day. However, life was not always easy for the film actors. Newspapermen followed them everywhere, and after Charlie Chapine married for the fourth time he became so unpopular with the American public that he had to leave the country and live in Europe. \n Answer: At first making films were not popular.",
            "output": [
                ". Which of the following is correct?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5b9fee97c475444a9f595e8bc7416ad8",
            "input": "Article: Did you ever wonder who invented products like Liquid Paper, Kevlar or paper bags? Most would think a man invented these items. Guess what? Women invented each of these. What? You don't believe me? Well, read this: Liquid Paper was invented by Bette Nesmith Graham in 1951 and originally called Mistake Out. Being a typist, Bette was increasingly _ with being unable to erase her typing mistakes. The messy business left her hands black and the paper dirty. Bette was good at painting and remembered that an artist paints over mistakes. She applied that same principle to typing mistakes and Liquid Paper was born, making Bette into a self-made millionaire. Kevlar, yes, the Kevlar of the bullet proof vest --what police officers and soldiers wear, was invented by Stephanie Kwolek. Stephanie worked for the DuPont Company as a research chemist. She was asked to find a high-performance fiber. Originally, this fiber was intended to be used for car tires  . However, the fiber she developed in 1964 was amazing and is still used in products such as sailboats, skis, shoes, and yes, bullet proof vests. In 1995 Stephanie was named to the National Inventor's Hall of Fame. Margaret Knight invented a machine that revolutionized the making of paper bags. Paper bags had been made like envelopes but Margaret developed a machine that would fold and paste a flat-bottom paper bag, the very same type we still use today. Margaret's family was poor and she started working at the age of nine. Her first invention at the age of twelve was a safety tool for a loom . Later she worked for the Columbia Paper Bag Company. It was there that she worked on improving the making of paper bags. She was issued her patent in 1870. So next time you use a new product or an old one, will you wonder who made it? Do some research on the web and answer a few questions like: Who invented it? How was it invented? You may be surprised at some of the stories you uncover. \n Answer: She began working when she was very young.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Margaret?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-97cb87b21f7b450a9e5afd96d1bfe9c9",
            "input": "Article: Deborah Cohen is a senior natural scientist at the Rand Corp and the author of the book A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind the Obesity Epidemic and How We Can End It. According to the book, there are lots of misunderstandings of obesity. 1. If you're obese, blame your genes. Obesity rates have increased. Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled--too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible. At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less. 2. If you're obese, you lack self-control. Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor dietary choices. Our world has become so rich in temptation that we can be led to consume too much in ways we can't understand. Even the most vigilant  people may not be up to the task of controlling themselves. 3. Lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is responsible for obesity. Although the US Department of Agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 percent of Americans live in the \"food deserts\", about 65 percent of the nation's population is overweight or obese. For most of us, obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruits and vegetables, but to the choices we make in supermarkets. 4. The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we don't exercise. Michelle Obama's \"Let's Move\" campaign is based on the idea that if kids exercise more, childhood obesity rates will decrease. But there was no significant decrease in physical activity levels as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and 1990s. In fact, although a drop in work-related physical activity may account for up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased. The problem is that we eat too much. \n Answer: The more you eat at home, the higher rates of obesity you have.",
            "output": [
                "What is the relationship between obesity and the place where you eat?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-25d4eaff46254c419566c1068beea0a9",
            "input": "Article: One day in Australia I decided to try hang gliding  . I went up with an instructor, floated and flew above the waves for about 20 minutes, then landed on the sand. His wife was there to meet us so she could drive us back. Their son, about 8 years old, was with her. As the four of us were standing there a woman named Sue came up with a big smile. She gave a warm hello to the couple, and then asked the boy, \"How's school, mate ?\"With a troubled look on his young face, the boy quietly said, \"Not good.\" In response Sue exclaimed  ,sounding surprised , \"Not good ?I bet it is fun.\" Then she turned her attention back to the boy's parents. They started talking about some of their friends, smiling and laughing . Meanwhile, all three of them completely ignored the boy . But I watched his head drop.I watched him turn away from the group, take a few steps ,and just stand there ,alone. I still find it hard to believe that anyone could miss a child's reaction that completely. I wondered how the three adults could stand there and laugh while that boy stood there alone, troubled not only about school but also that no one was interested in his troubles.  Maybe his father tried to distract  his son with risky sports. As long as you are active, you can't feel your emotional  pain. But what if his son is not interested in sports? These were what most people would say are \"good parents\" . But I say that what they did was child abuse. It was total emotional neglect at that moment . And that is why I am writing this story. To remind everyone that it is little interactions  with children that make a difference in their lives and in society. \n Answer: To give the instructor a hand.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Sue come up to the instructor's family ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0321d39fbe554ea8b8791c3eabdfde8d",
            "input": "Article: A new study has discovered that meditation and oxygen sport together reduce depression .The Rutgers University study found that this mind and body combination, done twice a week for only two months,reduced the symptoms for a group of students by 40 percent. \"We are excited by the findings because we saw such a meaningful improvement in both clinically depressed and non--depressed students,\"said lead author Dr.Brandon Alderman.\"It is the first time that both of these two behavioral ways have been looked at together for dealing with depression.\" Researchers believe the two activities have an interactive effect in _ depression.Alderman and Dr.Tracey Shors discovered that a combination of mental and physical training (MAP)enabled students with major depressive disorder not to let problems or negative thoughts defeat them. Rutgers researchers say those who participated in the study began with 30 minutes of focused attention meditation followed by 30 minutes of oxygen sport.They were told that if their thoughts drifted to the past or the future they should refocus on their breathing,enabling those with depression to accept moment-to-moment changes in attention. Shors,who studies the production of new brain cells in the hippocampus--part of the brain involved in memory and learning--says scientists have shown in animal models that oxygen sport exercise keeps a large number of certain cells alive. The idea for the human intervention came from her laboratory studies,she says,with the main goal of helping individuals acquire new skills so that they can learn to recover from stressful life events. By learning to focus their attention and exercise,people who are fighting depression can acquire new learning skills that can help them process information and reduce the overwhelming recollection of memories from the past,Shors says. \"We know these treatments can be practiced over a lifetime and that they will be effective in improving mental health.\"said Alderman.\"The good news is that this intervention can be practiced by anyone at any time and at no cost.\" \n Answer: Combining the two ways to treat depression.",
            "output": [
                "What made the research so different?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7dff948cce67428eb0d740815b37598a",
            "input": "Article: Recently we've had a popular department store open in our area. It's been the talk of the town for months. On about the third day of the grand opening, I thought I'd stop by to check it out. I noticed right away that the parking area was very busy. As I was about to exit my car, a lady was about to enter her car to leave. She was parked on the opposite side of me and there was a four way stop behind our parking areas. As the lady tried to back out to leave, some of the shoppers were extremely rude to her. They shouted and beeped their horns  at the lady and she had a look of terror on her face. She looked at me and threw up both of her hands as if she didn't know what to do. I gestured  for the lady to put her window down and I told her that she was doing just fine. She smiled and seemed to relax. I then became her rear view mirror as it was hard for her to see behind her while backing out of the parking space. As I watched for safety, she was able to back out enough to drive forward. At this point, she was smiling broadly!She thanked me many times. I felt that many of the other drivers weren't sympathetic  enough toward. I was happy to help that lady. Besides that, who knows, we may have avoided a potential accident with this simple act of patience and kindness. \n Answer: Some drivers weren't patient when she backed out.",
            "output": [
                "What was the difficulty the woman met with when she wanted to leave?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b5eb0306ef274c56a01074634f4e0f3f",
            "input": "Article: If Confucius were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He'd need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out. While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought.  It's nothing personal.  Most Americans don't even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes. But this doesn't mean that Americans don't care about Confucius.  In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China. In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities.  More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries.  These schools teach both Chinese language and culture.  The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy .  Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy.  Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese.  So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States.  Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers. So the old thinker's ideas are still alive and well. Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West. As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is. \n Answer: Old Thinker with a Big Future",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passge?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3bd04a84620e4c7c9de943dbd62feabc",
            "input": "Article: When I was 16 years old,I made my first visit to the United States.It wasn't the first time I had been abroad.Like most English children I also learned French at school.And I had often been to France,so I was used to speaking a foreign language to people who didn't understand English.But when I went to America I was really looking forward to having a nice easy holiday without any language problems. How wrong I was! The misunderstanding began at the airport.I was looking for a public telephone to give my friend Danny a call and tell her that I had arrived.A friendly old man saw me looking lost and asked if he could help me. \"Yes,\"I said.\"I want to give my friend a ring.\"  \"Well,that's nice,\"he said.\"Are you getting married? But aren't you a bit young?\" \"Who is talking about marriage?\"I replied.\"I only want to give my friend a ring to tell  her I've arrived.Can you tell me where there's a phone box?\" \"Oh!\"he said,\"there's a phone downstairs.\" When at last we met,Danny explained the misunderstanding to me. \"Don't worry,\"she said to me,\"I had so many difficulties at first.There are lots of words Which the Americans use differently in meaning from British.You will soon get used to all! How funny things they say.Most of the time British and American people understand each other!'' \n Answer: He was from China.",
            "output": [
                "Where was the writer from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ffee610422444ad5a1cf6d2cfe4166af",
            "input": "Article: In traditional Chinese medicine, the body, mind and spirit cannot be divided and so the unique whole-body treatment in Tui Na can also be a useful treatment correcting any imbalances in the body's energy before symptoms and disease can develop. It also works to bring back emotional peace as well as physical health. This is why after a Tui Na treatment many people \"feel good\". Many people in China use Tui Na regularly to keep healthy and to deal with some specific illnesses. Tui Na is performed on the clothed body and the patient is either lying on a couch or sitting on a chair. Therapists , by using a variety of movements, will control the intensity  and direction of pressure in an exact way. The unique rolling movement in Tui Na is one of the most difficult movements to learn and students have to practice sometimes for many months on a rice bag before they are allowed to practice on the human body. Stress  Tui Na is of course very useful for treating stress. It spreads the energy around the whole body. It is believed that Tui Na moves the strong energy in the tight muscles to the weaker areas, thus making a more balanced body. When your energy flowing inside your body is balanced, you feel relaxed and comfortable. Tui Na is especially useful for  _ shoulders and tight neck muscles. Emotions  In Traditional Chinese Medicine each major organ  is linked to an emotion. By balancing the energy in the organ, the related emotion will be calmed. When your emotions are out of control, you would usually turn to your doctor or perhaps a psychotherapist  . But perhaps some people would not like to be seeing a psychotherapist or feel nervous about discussing their problems with others. With Tui Na, one does not need to tell the therapist anything one does not want to. The treatment of Tui Na can deal with the problem itself. But if one does need to pour out his/her worries or troubles, an active dialogue between the psychotherapist and the patient will help to get a better effect. Organs & Emotions  Each major organ -- the heart, the stomach, the liver  , the lungs, and etc.--are linked to a relevant emotion. The heart is linked to joy, excitement and sadness. If the heart is out of balance, the patient may dream a lot at night and often forget something important in the day. The stomach is connected with too much thinking or worrying about anxiety. When the stomach is out of balance there is often a lack of energy. The patient often feels very tired and has no interest in doing anything at all. The liver is linked to anger. In Chinese medicine, the eyes are connected with the liver, and many people who suffer from anger often suffer from eye problems. The lung rules decision-making and too much energy here can lead to rashness  , while if there is too little, it can bring about indecision. When there is a history of depression with a patient, it may have effect on the liver. ks5u Tui Na can help release most of the discomfort and it is used in almost all the hospitals in China and very popular among Chinese people. It is a useful and valuable method for the balance of your energy flowing, when emotional and physical health is out of balance. Tui Na is one of the remaining secrets of Chinese medicine. \n Answer: Tui Na only makes people \"feel good\" but do not actually cure disease.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which statement is TRUE about Tui Na?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-390b991412bf4e79b51dd46d5fa136b9",
            "input": "Article: Everyone knows there are many English expressions about clothes. There is no need to keep it a secret, or to keep it under your hat. In fact, if I keep talking, soon enough you will start to think I am an old hat about this -- a real expert. Do not be fooled, though. My friends sometimes call me a wolf in sheep's clothing. This is someone who acts like a good person, but is really a bad person. I'm not really a bad person. But I do love clothes.   It is always fun to get dressed up. I look great in my best clothes. When I put them on, I feel decked out. You might say when I wear my best clothes, I am dressed to the nines or dressed to the teeth. In fact, my husband says I look dressed to kill. Of course, I would never kill anyone. But, there is something special about putting on clothes that are pleasing to the eye.   My best clothes are not modern or fashionable. Maybe someday they will come into fashion. But I really do not care. They certainly look better on me than my birthday suit. Did you know that everyone has a birthday suit? You wear it when you are wearing no clothes at all. Babies are born wearing their birthday suits.   I am very careful with my clothes. I handle them with kid gloves. I try not to get them dirty or torn. Most of my clothes fit like a glove. They fit perfectly. But when I eat too much, I feel like my clothes might burst at the seams. My clothes feel too restrictive and tight.   Some of the clothes I like best are hand-me-downs. My older sister gave them to me when she no longer wanted them. Hand-me-downs are great because clothes often cost too much money. I live on a shoestring. I have a very small budget and little money to spend on clothes. However, my sister has a lot of money to spend on clothes. Maybe someday the shoe will be on the other foot. The opposite will be true. I will have a lot of money to buy clothes and my sister will get hand-me-downs from me.   I admit I dream of being rich. I dream that someday I will be able to live like a rich person. I will know what it is like to walk in another person's shoes. Some of my friends got rich by riding someone else's coat tails. They are successful today as a result of someone else being successful. But, I believe you should never criticize others for something you would do yourself. What is said about someone else can also be said about you. Remember, if the shoe fits, wear it. \n Answer: English expressions about clothes.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea about the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-47618f57f6fc40ee9a1053198384d261",
            "input": "Article: Peter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them. As he was purchasing it, the salesgirl said, \"Uh, look, the game box haven't even been opened yet. That might be worth some money. \" Peter examined the box, and, sure enough, it was completely covered in factory-sealed plastic. And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box. \"You should put that up for auction   on the Internet, and see what happens.\"the salesgirl said. \"Yes, you're right. People like something rare.\" Peter agreed, \"I can't imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.\" \"Don't forget to tell me if you sell it.\" the salesgirl smiled. \"No problem.\" Peter said. After he got home, Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game. But he couldn't find it. Then he typed in the name of the word game and hit Search. The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game. Over the years, the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors. He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game. Peter emailed some of them, telling them what he had. Two weeks later, Peter went back to the shop. \"Hello. Do you still remember the unopened word game?\" The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said, \"Oh, hi!\" \"I've got something for you,\" Peter said. \"I sold the game and made $1,000. Thank you for your suggestion.\" He handed her three $ 100 bills. \"Wow!\" the salesgirl cried out. \"Thank you, I never expected it.\" \n Answer: It was made around 40 years ago.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best describes Peter's word game?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3548106d76e74748a5dd84376949ea18",
            "input": "Article: \"If I had one million yuan, I would buy you a palace! Do I have one million yuan? No, I don't! so I only can spend ten fen  on this short message, sending you my best wishes! \" Today, SMS--Short Message Service is popular, and China Mobile says that every second, there are 410 messages being sent. Look around you! People are watching their mobiles, smiling or laughing. Thumbs are pressing buttons, bring happiness to their friends. The humor of the words shows how beautiful language is! Through SMS, we know the weather report, share jokes and news, express love and friendship. \"Thumb Culture\" is becoming more and more popular. It is reported that 67% of young people like to \"Short\" to greet each other. Internet SMS will provide more convenience to people. I am grateful for the progress because SMS saves me much money. Just on the tip of thumb, so much joy can be found! \n Answer: Send messages.",
            "output": [
                "What can people do through SMS?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87250172f7ec460588eb9dcfbb8fb143",
            "input": "Article: Greg Woodburn, a student at the University of Southern California, spends a lot of time cleaning sneakers he collected.But soon the shoes will be sent to poor children in the United States and 20 other countries, thanks to Woodburn's Share Our Soles (S.O.S.) charity. A high school track star in the town of Ventura, California, Woodburn was treated in hospital for months with knee and hip injuries. \"I started thinking about the health benefits, the friendship and the confidence I got from running,\" he says, \"And I realized there are children who don't even have shoes.\" Woodburn gathered up his old sneakers, then asked his friends to donate.His goal was to have 100 pairs by Christmas this year.When he collected more than 500 pairs, he decided to turn the shoe drive into a year-round endeavor. Back then, the sneakers came from donation boxes at the YMCA and the local sporting goods store and from door-to-door pickups.Woodburn has now set up collection boxes at two high schools, city gym and recreation center.He has started accepting adult sizes and sandals.So far, S.O.S has collected and donated more than 3,000 pairs. Woodburn has cleaned all the shoes.After sorting the shoes by size, Woodburn selects the good shoes for the washing machine and the worn-out ones for recycling. To ship the footwear, Woodburn teamed with Sports Gift, a nonprofit organization that provides soccer and baseball equipment to children around the world.Keven Baxter, founder and president, says, \"We'd send kids balls and shoes.I've heard that for many of these kids, these old sneakers are the only shoes they had.They wear them to school and to do sports.So Greg's running shoes were a nice addition for us.\" For many recipients, the shoes represent opportunity.Two young boys in Southern California attended school on alternate days because they shared a pair of shoes.They were too big for one boy and too small for the other.Thanks to S.O.S., each brother received his own pair of shoes.The boys now attend school daily and enjoy their learning.When they graduate, they say, they will help a stranger, just as Woodburn helped them. \n Answer: The benefits from playing sports.",
            "output": [
                "What caused Greg Woodburn to donate old shoes for poor children?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dd001b43afc740678cadd71e2379c4df",
            "input": "Article: What exactly is a Dream Career? I am sure it means different things to different people. You could presently be unsure about what your final job would be. If you have any doubts about what your dream career is, you may know which careers you definitely would not like to do. For example, if you have an interest in art, and do not like math, you most certainly would not be an engineer .If you love art. and have no artist talent ,maybe you would like to be around art instead, as an art curator   A career related to your passion, bobby, or special interest, is the path to follow in finding your dream job. Try thinking about what things you like to do in your spare time. Many are attracted toward turning what they love to do in their off work hours into a full time job. For example, if you like to put together model cars, maybe you would like opening your own hobby shop, or work for someone who owns one. Once you find what you arc interested in doing, you can then match this to a career which will be similar to what you are passionate about. What you consider a dream career has to centre around what kind of person you actually are. This is called your Career Personality. What type of person do you consider yourself to be? People are naturally attracted to those things which reflect  who they are as unique individuals. For example, if you are slightly on the shy side, maybe you would like a job where you work on your own. relatively unsupervised ,behind a computer. If you are outgoing, maybe you would like to work with others, and be the supervisor. All it may take to find our dream career is to know ourselves a little better, trust in our own judgment, and be realistic about what we can attain occupationally: This is how I found what I am doing now. \n Answer: To offer tips on finding a dream career.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1a3aca82d30f45de9e0329ad4a4bc2de",
            "input": "Article: Findings from a new study were presented at a recent meeting of the American Psychosomatic   Society. Researchers in the United States studied 100,000 women during an eight-year period, beginning in 1994. All of the women were fifty or older. The study was part of the Women's Health Initiative organized by the National Institutes of Health. The women were asked questions measuring their beliefs or ideas about the future. The researchers attempted to identify each woman's personality eight years after gathering the information. The study found that hopeful individuals were 14% less likely than other woman to have died from any cause. The hopeful women were also 30 less likely to have died from heart disease after the eight years, Hilary Tinkle from the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania was the lead author of the report. She said the study confirmed earlier research that linked optimistic feelings to longer life. The researchers also gathered information about people's education, financial earnings, physical activity and use of alcohol or cigarettes. Independent of those things, the findings still showed that optimists had less of a chance of dying during the eight-year period. Some women who answered the questions were found to be hostile  , or highly untrusting of others. These women were 16% more likely to die than the others. They also were 23% more likely to die of cancer. The study also found women who were not optimistic were more likely to smoke and have high blood pressure or diabetes. They were also more likely mot to exercise. Tindle says the study did not confirm whether optimism leads to healthier choices, or if it actually affects a person's physical health. She also says the study does not prove that negative emotions or distrust lead to bad health effects and shorter life. Yet there does appear to be a link that calls for more research. \n Answer: Science.",
            "output": [
                "In which part of a newspaper can you read the above passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-034c001ad84b4efd80c9b3eebd653160",
            "input": "Article: Dear Florence, We arrived in India last week, and the voyage was the worst experience of my entire life. I'm lucky to be alive! The first part of the journey was terrible, because the ship hit bad weather almost as soon as we left Liverpool. But much, much worse was to come. Later, we were involved in a collision with another boat and we had to abandon ship! We had been at sea for about two weeks and we were in the Mediterranean. There is now a canal between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea called the Suez Canal, which opened last year. Our boat stopped at Port Said, the Egyptian port at the entrance to the canal. I remember looking through the porthole of my cabin and wishing that I could go ashore and visit this fascinating place, but mummy had ordered that I was to stay in the cabin because I was feeling ill. \"you must stay here for at least another two days.\" I remember her saying. How wrong she would turn out to be! The ship left the port and headed towards the canal . I was alone in the cabin and I watched the port disappear into the distance. Suddenly there was a loud bang, followed by the most awful crunching sound, and the ship shook and turned slightly on its side. There was an for a moment, then people started shouting. Mummy came running into the cabin and told me that we had collided with another boat. She took my hand and we ran along the deck towards the lifeboats. There was a lot of shouting and people were running everywhere, but the crew were all acting calmly, helping people into the lifeboats and telling people not to panic. Well, clearly we survived, as did all the passengers and crew of the ship. The other boat wasn't so lucky. It sank and several lives were lost. I will write about the rest of the journey soon. Please give my love to Aunt Claire and Uncle Eric. Your loving cousin, Jane \n Answer: Just after the author arrived in India.",
            "output": [
                "56.When was the letter written?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-056124abd44247fbb406f092c778279d",
            "input": "Article: More students than ever before are taking a gap-year  before going to university.It used to be called the \"year off\" between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated  with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year. This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Serbice(UCAS). That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS  said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. \"Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be stisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,\" he said. But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students(NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hadship - young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. \"New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to PS15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and More students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during  term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,\"he said. \n Answer: It is increasingly popular.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about the gap year from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ef1e5a051a774046adb325ed3f8e8ad8",
            "input": "Article: Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband' s income. So this year she did something more than a hobby: She planted vegetables in her yard. For her fist garden, Ms Feeley  has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family' s old farm house has become a chicke n house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms. Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said,\"The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds too; so it' s a win-win situation all around.\" They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy , have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say that not  since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin, Tex, some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list. George C. Ball Jr, owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40%, over last year, double the averag e growth of last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruit and vegetables. Food prices have increase of higher oil price. People are driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there more time to garden. \n Answer: The cost of living is on the rise.",
            "output": [
                "Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9722b0a831c24da0954aa28f81efc77e",
            "input": "Article: We take it for granted that with memory we can remember most of things which happened in our life. But it is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions , the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory. Memory can be defined as the ability to keep information available for later use. It not only includes \"remembering\" things like arithmetic  or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity  of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 \"words\"--strings of alphabetic or numerical characters--ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 1000,000 words of English. However, this is but a part of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person's memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the kind of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals. \n Answer: It connects our past experiences with the present.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about memory?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2ee3e6d9cbfa4e2a96f6db4713419c9e",
            "input": "Article: When I was growing up, I was embarrassed to be seen with my father. He was badly crippled  , and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm for balance, people would stare, I would be ashamed of the unwanted attention. If ever noticed or bothered, he never let on. It was difficult to walk together--and because of that, we didn't say much as we went along. But as we started out, he always said, \"You set the pace. I will try to follow you.\" Our usual walk was to or from the subway, which was how he got to work. He went to work sick, and even in bad weather. He almost never missed a day, and would make it to the office even if others could not. It was a matter of pride for him. When snow or ice was on the ground, it was impossible for him to walk, even with help... Such times my sister or I would pull him through the streets of Brooklyn, N.Y., on a child's sleigh to the subway entrance. Once there, he would try to grasp handrail until he reached the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept ice free. In Manhattan the subway station was the basement of his office building, and he would not have to go outside again until we met him in Brooklyn on his way home. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m When I think of it now, I am surprised at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to suffer from shame and disability. And I am also surprised at how he did it--without bitterness or complaint. He never talked about himself as an object of pity, not did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. What he looked for in others was a \"good heart\", and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him. Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people, even though I still don't know exactly what a \"good heart\" is. But I know the times I don't have one myself. He has been away for many years now, but I think of him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks. If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about my troubles, when I am envious of another's good fortune, when I don't have a \"good heart\". \n Answer: He only helped his father take a walk after supper.",
            "output": [
                "How did the man treat his father when he was young?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1e4f1a97a6804446a5002e5ad52705dc",
            "input": "Article: Irina,now 46,never imagined she'd one day make a living as a balloon artist.The daughter of an engineer and a teacher,she won top academic awards in high school,went on to medical school and became an emergency room physician in a small city. \"I loved the science of medicine,\" she says today,\"but being a doctor was very hard.I saw things people don't normally see--women giving birth in the street,people getting drunk and killing someone.\" Medications were scarce,making it very difficult to treat those in need.When Irina was 33,a girlfriend showed her a magazine photo of an American named Wes Patterson.They began exchanging letters,and married that December.Irina took a public relations job.Then,a few years ago,she watched a man at a party twist a skinny balloon into the shape of a dog. _  Irina soon purchased a tiny pump and a supply of balloons and began practicing on the sidewalks.Observers challenged her to create all kinds of figures.Now,Irina says,\"There's nothing I can't make.\" Many years ago,Irina's husband developed a serious disease which now keeps him homebound.\"But he is a very wonderful man,\" Irina says.Thanks to her new career,she is able to support them both,performing about five events weekly and earning as much as  $2,000 per appearance. \"Irina's a wonder,\" says Marlene Berg,chief development officer for the Florida Heart Research Institute.\"She turned the evening into magic.\" \"My whole life has become magic,\" Irina says,\"and it's all come from a balloon.\" \n Answer: An artist.",
            "output": [
                "What's Irina's job now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1d1fb9d4af3549ff96df98708b9bfbdc",
            "input": "Article: When Boris left school,he could not find a job.He tried hard and pestered his relatives,but they had problems of their Own. He answered advertisements until he could not afford to buy any more stamps. Boris grew annoyed,then depressed,then a little hardened.Still he went on trying and still he failed.He began to think that he had no future at all. \"Why don't you start your own business?\" one of his uncles told him.\"The world is a  money-locker. You'd better find a way of opening it.\" \"But what can I do?\" \"Get out and have a look round,\" advised his uncle in a vague sort of way.\"See what people want;then give it to them,and they will pay for it.\" Boris began to cycle around the town and found a suitable piece of a waste ground in the end. Then he set up his business as a cycle repairer.He worked hard,made friends with his customers and gradually managed to build up his goodwill and profit.A few months later, he found that he had more work than he could deal with by himself.He found a number of empty shops but they were all no good:in the wrong position,too expensive or with some other snag . But at long last,he managed to find an empty shop on a new estate where there were plenty of customers but no competition. Boris and his assistant taught themselves how to repair scooters and motor-cycles.Slowly  but surely the profits increased and the business developed. At last,Boris had managed to open the money-locker and found bank notes and gold Coins inside. \n Answer: The world is a money-locker",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title for the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-205365f2ad904f56acb41ffe56e8027a",
            "input": "Article: Almost every girl wants to be healthy and beautiful. They try every means to make themselves look smarter. \"What are the best ways?\" Many girls may have this question in mind. Here is some advice that is very important for girls to follow. Keep fit. Check with your doctor for your proper weight range and work to get and stay within it. Exercise, eat properly, and drink plenty of water to achieve that weight and be as healthy as you can be. As long as you're in your healthy range, you'll look great. Mind your style, from top to bottom. There are two things that can make or break your look: your hair and your shoes. Look through hair magazines and talk with your hairstylist about what will look good with your face structure. Always keep your hair clean and styled. Wear clean, feminine shoes. That doesn't mean you always have to wear high heels. Make sure you can walk comfortably in them. Be fashionable. Learn about your body type, height, skin and preferences. Discover yourself, and fashion will come to you. You don't have to wear designer clothes, especially if you can't afford them. You can look through fashion magazines, pick your favourites and then find the similar ones that you can afford. Smile, and do it like you mean it. Smile, be merry and people will notice that. It will help you in many ways. Be nice to others. Looking pretty doesn't give you the right to look down on others or treat them badly. Only having good appearance doesn't mean you are beautiful. However, in order to get slim and beautiful, some girls can easily be absorbed in losing weight, resulting in eating disorders. Keep in mind that being healthy is more important than being thin. So try to eat healthy food, take regular exercise and keep a good mood. \n Answer: How to be a healthy and beautiful girl.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5f73c15aa8cc4a7b92456c75ee35e010",
            "input": "Article: Your weight has been important since the moment you were born. Maybe you even know what your birth weight was. Most newborns weigh between 6 and 9 pounds, but some may weigh more and some less. But very quickly, a baby gains weight and everyone is glad about that because it means the child is growing bigger and stronger. As you get older, your weight is still important. It's something your parents and doctor will probably keep an eye on. When you go for a checkup, the doctor often will record your height and weight and compare it with what it was the last time you came in. The doctor wants to check whether you have a healthy weight because weighing too much or too little can be a problem. But these days, being overweight is more common than being underweight. In the last 30 years, a growing number of kids and teenagers have developed weight problems. Today, 1 out of 3 kids and teens between the ages of 2 and 19 are overweight. Many grown-ups understand what it's like to have weight problems, since 2 out of every 3 adults   are overweight..wfsqzkss. For kids and adults, weighing too much can lead to illnesses and health problems. And a kid who is overweight might be made jokes on or find it hard to keep up with friends on the playground. When people talk about being overweight, they mean that someone has more body fat than is healthy. Everyone has some body fat, but extra   fat can influence someone's health and ability to walk, run, and get around, as well as how the person looks and his or her self-respect. \n Answer: The baby is growing healthily.",
            "output": [
                "Why is everyone happy hearing a baby become fatter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-17cc82cbe59d40ecb08ee0db990e528c",
            "input": "Article: Since my family were not going to be helpful about my taking a cooking job, I decided I would look for one all by myself and not to tell them about it till I'd got a permanent one. I had seen an agency advertised in a local paper, so as soon as there was no one about to say \"Where are you going?\" I rushed out of the house in search of it. I was wildly excited, and as nervous as if I were going on the stage. Finding the place quite easily, I tore up three flights of stairs, and swung breathlessly through a door which said \"Enter without knocking, if you please.\" The simple atmosphere of the office calmed me, and I sat down on the edge of a chair. The woman at the desk opposite looked carefully at me. Then she questioned me in a low voice. I answered softly and started to feel helpless. She wondered why I was looking for this sort of job, so I felt I had to give her the idea of a widowed mother struggling against poverty. But I felt more helpless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience or references. Suddenly, the telephone on her desk rang. While having a mysterious conversation, she kept looking at me. Then I heard her say: \"In fact, I've got someone here who might suit.\" She wrote down a number, and my spirits rose as she held out the paper to me, saying: \"Ring up this lady. She wants a cook immediately. Cook a dinner for ten people tomorrow. Could you manage that, I wonder?\" \"Oh, yes,\" say I--never having cooked for more than four. Then I rushed out and called the lady, Miss Cathy. I said confidently that I was just what she was looking for. \"Are you sure?\" she kept saying. Anyway she decided to employ me and a permanent position if I carried out the promise of my self-praise. I asked her what tomorrow's menu was to be. \"Just a small, simple dinner: lobster cocktail, soup, turbot Mornay, fruit salad and a savory.\" In a rather shaken voice I promised to turn up in good time tomorrow and rang off. \n Answer: Nervous and excited.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author feel on her way?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c912ff952f754cea9906f052a9d98ef6",
            "input": "Article: I am one of seven children. My three sisters and I grew up in a small bedroom with two sets of beds. We shared a closet, a dresser, and just about everything else. I had friends who were only children. I looked longingly at their perfect dolls and toys placed carefully on their perfect shelves in their perfect little girl bedrooms. They had bathrooms to themselves. _ . Our bedroom always had stuff hanging about. There just wasn't room to store the paraphernalia  of four girls who had definite ideas about how they wanted their space to be. All of us girls shared a bathroom with our three brothers. From a very young age, I really thought I was hard up. Looking back, I had to admit my \"only children\" friends had nice things. They had designer beds and beautiful bedrooms, but I always had someone to play with and talk to. Even if everyone else hated me, one of my sisters would not and that was all I needed. My sisters and I made up games and went around the neighborhood begging for old dresses so we could put on plays in our garage. Our house was the centre of activity for the whole neighborhood. We had dance shows and baseball games in the street. In short, we had everything we ever needed because we had each other. I have come to realize that there are so many reasons that sisters make a difference to your life and I can give you a few here: They get you. Your sisters have grown up with you so they know the entire back story of your situation and everything leading to it. They may not agree with you all the time but they never wonder why you do what you do or say what you say. They have suffered with you through awful times. I know that when one of my sisters is unhappy, I am unhappy too. When some non-family member tries to hurt you, the claws of them will come out! They have cheered you on. Sisters do get jealous at times but, even so, they are happy that you are doing well. They _ at your new bonus as long as you take them out for drinks and fattening appetizers! They are on the same diet as you. We are women in a world where thinness is equated with beauty. No matter how unjust this is, we are always on a diet. There is nothing like a sister calling and complaining about how she wants an ice cream and can't ever have one again. They are aging at the same rate as you. As we get older, we change, and however miserable this can be, it is heartening  to know that someone shares your misery. They know what you are going through because they are going through it too. The last and best thing about sisters is that they stick with you. We can have our upsets and misunderstandings but we always come back to each other. I know many people reading this may have had upsets with their sisters. All I can say is that communication fixes everything. If you miss your sister, tell her so. If you have a BFF(Best Friend Forever) that has stuck with you through thick and thin , adopt her as your sister and keep her close to you. \n Answer: They stand by you when other family members hurt you.",
            "output": [
                "What is NOT a reason that sisters make a difference to your life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e35de9973a14a9bac39da338eb9e440",
            "input": "Article: With its budget of $80 million , John Woo as director, and an all-star cast ,Red Cliffis the most expensive and ambitious Asian-financed film ever. Last week I saw the release of the second part, and _ does it shows. But watching the film as a foreigner I felt I was missing out on something. Not knowing my Cao Cao's from my Zhou Yu's, I was not even sure whom I wanted to win. Certainly after the opening scene, in which Cao Cao is seen watching a game of Cuju, an ancient Chinese variation of football, I knew who had my support. After all, any man who enjoys his football is someone after my own heart. But after Cao Cao resorted to some evil strategies against his enemies in the south, I wasn't so sure he was the man I should be rooting for. And there is a lot more toRed Cliff 2than just extravagant battle scenes. The film does not take itself too seriously. Conversations between leaders are littered with one-liners, many of which had the audience in laughter. There is even enough to keep fans of more romantic entertainment happy too. This includes a charming relationship between a southern spy and an innocent northern soldier. The characters' interaction provides some genuinely heart-warming moments in the middle of the battle. Clocking in at around two hours, the film certainly does justice to the history story. When I walked out the cinema, I felt as drained  as Cao Cao's soldiers must have 1,800 years ago. \n Answer: When he saw the romantic love story of Cao Cao and a southern spy.",
            "output": [
                "When did the author change his attitude toward Cao Cao?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff19b2708717457f8799605869a8b6c6",
            "input": "Article: Burning less calories while walking seems like a bad idea, but making the walk easier may actually keep people on their feet longer, and that scientists say, has substantial health benefits. Analyzing the human walk, biomedical engineers Steven Collins and Greg Sawicki concluded that our ankles and calves perform motions similar to a spring coupled with a clutch that intermittently stores and releases energy. Sawicki, from the University of North Carolina, explained what's involved. \"We found in basic science experiments that that system, your calf and Achilles tendon, works a lot like a catapult. So, the muscle holds on to the tendon and your body actually stretches your Achilles tendon quite a bit and then stores the energy in the tissue and then it's given back to _ you forward in the world,\" he said. Sawicki said he and his colleague Steven Collins at Carnegie Mellon University designed a mechanical device, made of carbon fiber and metal, that performs the same sequence of energy give-and-take outside the body. The system takes over part of the work of walking, and reduces the amount of required energy by as much as seven percent. Wearing the unpowered ankle exoskeleton can help people either walk farther with the same amount of energy, or restore the normal movement pattern for people who have trouble walking. Sawicki said it takes only a few minutes to get used to the exoskeleton but the wearer quickly learns to tone down the muscle energy as the device takes over part of the load. \"You really don't notice it until when you take it off. And when you take it off you realize that it was there and giving you the boost,\" he said. Sawicki added that the device is primarily intended for people recovering from surgery or a stroke. But all persons who spend a lot of time walking, such as police officers or hospital personnel, could benefit from it. At the moment there are no plans to develop the ankle exoskeleton for the market, but the inventors say some manufacturers have expressed interest. \n Answer: Guidelines for people recovering from surgery.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b0e13821f27146dc9042fc6a133bb7ac",
            "input": "Article: Room doctors and medical groups around the world last weekend reacted with strong opposition to the news that an Italian specialist is  _ cloning the first human baby.          Dr. Severino Antinori, who is head of a hospital in Rome, has been referred to in an Arab newspaper claiming that one of his parents is eight weeks pregnant  with a cloned baby.          Antinori refused to comment on the reports, but in March 2001 he said he hoped to produce a cloned embryo  for implantation with two years. So far seven different kinds of animals have already successfully been cloned, including sheep, cats and most recently rabbits.          Doctors showed their doubt and were strongly opposed although they admitted that human cloning would finally come true unless there was a worldwide ban on the practice.          Professor Rudolf Jaenisch of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology said, \"I find it astonishing that people do this where the result can be foretold that it will not be a normal baby. It is using humans as guinea pigs . It makes people feel sick.\"          But Ronald Green, director of the Ethics Institute at Darmouth College in the USA, said it is unlikely that an eight-week-old pregnancy would lead to a birth.          So far all cloned animals have suffered from some different serious disorders, many of them dying soon after their birth.          Doctors are opposed to  human cloning because they are worried about the welfare of the cloned child if there is one. \"There are no benefits of cloned human beings, just harm,\" said Dr. Michael Wilks of the U.K. \n Answer: Negative",
            "output": [
                "What is the doctors' general attitude to human cloning according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-94235b1fb6bb4e058320d85ccc045680",
            "input": "Article: Below are the top four supermarket chains in the world in 2012 and the reasons behind their success.  Tesco Headquartered in Chestnut, United Kingdom , this global grocery store is one of the largest supermarket chains in terms of revenues and profits. If was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen. Tesco stores can be found across all continents. Even though it was set up only for food and beverages, Tesco has drastically branched out , not only in geographical terms, but also in terms of products. Which now include electronics , clothing, health care, home improvement and even financial services. Safeway Founded in the year 1915 by a young M. B, Skaggs. Safeway developed from just a small grocery store  on the fundamentals of providing value to customers and narrow profit margins. The success story of Skaggs becomes more evident when , by the end of the year 1926,he  had opened almost 428 stores across ten states. Almost two years later, Safeway was listed at the New York Stock Exchange . At present, there are more than fifteen hundred Safeway stores across US and Canada. The Kroger Company  Founded at Cincinnati, Ohio, US in 1883 by Mr. Bernard Kroger, the Kroger Company is now one of the largest supermarket chains not only in the US. but across the world . Over the last couple of decades, the Kroger Company has vastly expanded by acquiring popular brand names, including those of Owen's Market. Its stores are largely spread out across Middle. Western and Central United States.  Reve-Gruppe Reve - Gruppe was founded in 1927 and is presently headquartered at Cologne, Germany . This supermarket chain is easily counted among the top supermarket chains of the world . Its vast line of products includes grocery, home improvement, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, optical as well as clothing . Its stores can be found in as many as fourteen European countries, providing employment to more than 325,000 people. \n Answer: Reve-Gruppe.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following was founded first ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f9c8e7b75fc4f69918f4c04a0ade910",
            "input": "Article: The NBA's version of the Ming Dynasty is done. After helping basketball gain a foothold in the world's most populous market, Chinese star Yao Ming has retired. Yao made it official Wednesday, telling a news conference that a series of foot and leg injuries forced him to end his playing career at the age of 30. \"I will formally end my career,\" said Yao, who became a household name in China before starting his NBA career with the Houston Rockets in 2002. Yao played eight seasons in the NBA. \"Today is an important day for me and holds a special meaning for both my basketball career and my future,\" Yao said. \"I had to leave the court since I suffered a stress fracture  in my left foot for the third time at the end of last year. My past six months were a painful wait. I have been thinking about my future over and over. Today I am announcing a personal decision, ending my career as a basketball player and officially retire. But one door is closing and another one is opening.\" Yao said he would return to work with his former Chinese team, the Shanghai Sharks, with the possibility of becoming general manager. He already owns the club and wants to contribute more. \"My playing career started with the club. I hope I can do something for it,\" Yao said. He later appeared with his family on the stage to the applause and cheers of the crowd. He thanked a lot of people ---- his family, former coaches, even players like Shaquille O'Neal ---- \"for making me a better player. I will be always with you. Thank you.\" Rockets general manager Daryl Morey was among those attending the farewell  conference Wednesday. Morey made the long trip from Houston. Morey said 20 hours on planes was tiring but he would be sorry if he wasn't here. \"It's a big moment,\" Morey added. \"Yao had a sense of humor, a great attitude and sense of responsibility. I hope we can continue his culture in the NBA.\" Yao had played six years with the Chinese national team before joining the Rockets, and was already a star in his home country. He carried the Olympic torch through Tiananmen Square and his country's flag during the opening ceremonies at the Beijing Olympics in 2008. He also donated $ 2 million and set up a foundation to rebuild schools in the wake of the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan. \n Answer: Yao Ming's personal decision",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4a8f61f106844207a6e61b17b5701a2a",
            "input": "Article: Beijing's historic hutong are in danger of disappearing. That's the warning from residents and historians, who have called on authorities to do more to protect this unique part of the capital's culture. In 2000, Beijing still had 1,300 hutong, according to amateur historian Zhang Wei. But he estimates that since then, at least half of them have disappeared. According to regulations, people can report illegal buildings to urban patrol officers, known as chengguan, and buildings found to be illegal will be demolished by force. However, a China Daily reporter found that it was not an easy task, and lots of additional structures built by their owners were found in hutong. Many owners added a second floor or even more floors to their houses, especially in buildings near main streets, in order to rent more apartments and make more money. Zhang, the historian, said that to better protect the hutong, the government should offer more compensation to residents willing to move away. Guo Dazhi, a photojournalist in Beijing, lived in a hutong for nearly 30 years before moving to eastern Chaoyang district. Guo hopes that the government can solve the problem by moving residents out of hutong with policies such as public renting programs. However, the Beijing Commission of Urban Planning said in a report in July that the relocation of residents from old areas was very expensive.According to the report, allocating 10,000 residents costs 1.5 billion yuan . \n Answer: Some people build unlawful construction",
            "output": [
                "What made Beijing's historic hutong in danger?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f87415c8a29841069a5deda2c7790c9b",
            "input": "Article: The evidence for harmony may not be clear in some families. But it seems that four in five young people now get on with their parents, which is the opposite of the popularly- held image of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family quarrels. An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it has ever been in the past. \"We were surprised by just how positive today's young people seem to be about their families, \"said one member of the research team. \"They're expected to be rebellious  and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds; they want a car and material goods, and they worry about whether school is serving them well. There's more negotiation  and discussion between parents and children, and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process. They don't want to rock the boat. \" So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to treat the children as friends. \"My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me, \"says 17-years-old Daniel Lazall. \"I always tell them when I'm going out clubbing. As long as they know what I'm doing, they're fine with it. \"Susan Crome, who is now 21, agrees. \"Looking back on the last 10 years, there was a lot of what you could call negotiation. For example, as long as I'd done all my homework, I could go out on a Saturday night. But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that. \" Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that the idea of teenagers' rebellion is not rooted in real facts. A researcher comments, \"Our surprise that teenagers say they get along well with their parents comes because of a brief period in out social history when teenagers were regarded as different beings. But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents really only happened during that one time in the 1960s when everyone rebelled. The normal situation throughout history has been a smooth change from helping out with the family business to taking it over. \" \n Answer: They quarrel a lot with other family members",
            "output": [
                "What is the popular images of teenagers today?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d855b820c6b144468ef2e356aa94dda2",
            "input": "Article: Haagen-Dazs from Europe started in 1989 and is 5-10 times more expensive than regular ice cream. There is no real advantage. However, it adopted a unique marketing strategy, and quickly occupied the market as a top ice cream brand.   Haagen-Dazs did not set up shops in ordinary supermarkets or grocery stores. Haggen-Dazs leisure fashion shops are located in busy sections of malls. The layout is carefully planned to create an elegant atmosphere, and sometimes, a flagship  store will cost several million dollars. Compared to other ice cream brands, Haagen-Dazs consumers are tightly grouped. It is understood that Haagen-Dazs seldom does television advertising. The majority of advertisements are high impact visually in print advertisements. In particular many advertisements target the wealthy consumers. Moreover, if the consumer spends 500 Yuan they can become a member. These members will be regularly sent advertisements by direct mail. Praise of customers is a powerful weapon. There is always much creative ingenuity in Haagen-Dazs advertising, so it is remembered by the people: initial advertisements such as: \"Delicious Haagen-Dazs, like 24K gold, Kobe beef from Japan, original palm oil, mushroom truffles and Chinese ceramics...what 'ice cream'was waiting for.\" \"love her, let her eat Haagen-Dazs\" This classic advertisement attracted numerous Haagen-Dazs lovers who became regulars. Today, Haggen-Dazs has about 700 stores in 55 countries with annual sales of more than 1 billion US dollars. Haagen-Dazs has become the world's most popular ice cream brand. In the United States, its market share is 6.1%, 1%in France, 4.6% in Japan, 4% in Singapore, and 5% in Hong Kong. Determined to win the majority of wealthy customers they combined positioning in the marketplace with dedicated brand goals. This is the real secret of success. \n Answer: Main idea-Comparison-Supporting examples- Conclusion",
            "output": [
                "How is the text organized?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4fc11a2c10ff4c4f893d3ba77983da23",
            "input": "Article: Seven tips to good table manners Whether it's a dinner at a friend's house or a business meeting over lunch, we judge people based on their table manners. But what can you do if your kids do not behave themselves at the dinner tables? The following are seven tips to set your children on the road to good table manners: *Look for the good. Instead of pointing out all the things your children do wrong, point out what they do right. Please say, for example, \"I am so proud of you. It was wonderful the way you served yourself.\" *Don't turn dinner into an unpleasant \"lecture time\". That will turn kids off not only manners, but dinner, and you, too. *Check your own example. Don't show up for dinner in just your underwear   unless you want your kids to do the same. *Don't always consider your kids lazy and dirty ones. Instead, point out the behavior in a tender way. For example: \" It' s a good idea to unfold your napkin, so if food falls you won't dirty your clothes.\" *Teach your kids good manners in the form of a game. One night a week, try to have a formal dinner. Try dressing up, serve a special meal, and expect more formal manners. That will help improve their sense of manners. *Make kids understand part of the tradition. Invite guests over and let kids help serve them. This helps them indirectly learn about table manners. *Try dining out once in a while. Fast food restaurants aren't counted. Try a nice restaurant and let kids order their own food, pay the bill and give the tip. \n Answer: Improve kids' sense of manners by having a formal dinner at times.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following should parents do to help their kids learn good table manners?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dccd4a0ab17b4ff682fcd9c564c61ce5",
            "input": "Article: Christmas Eve means a warm get-together with friends, a candlelight dinner, or perhaps a celebration at a pub for students. But, for Cai Yingjie, the night has a different meaning: helping beggars and the homeless(people without homes). Cai, who is a student in journalism at Tsinghua, could be found at Beijing's Wudaokou Light Railway Station that special evening. When she saw an old beggar, she took the cold, rough hands of the woman with her warm, clean hands, and gave the woman some warm bread and helped her put on a pair of new gloves. The woman was surprised for a few seconds, then burst into tears, saying \"for the first time I feel respected\". Cai said, \"A beggar's life is very hard. That's why I want to help them.\" Cai was one of 14 Tsinghua students spending Christmas Eve among the poor. They walked in the cold wind along the streets from 4 to 7 pm on Friday, visiting 15 beggars in Beijing's Haidian District. They brought bread and gloves with them, and stopped to greet beggars and offer them some of the warm food. Each beggar greeted them with a look of surprise. \"I know the activity can't help much, but it's meant to show our respect and care for beggars and the homeless who have been _ for so long,\" said Sun, head of the group. \"And Christmas is a good time for that.\" \n Answer: Selling bread and gloves to the beggars.",
            "output": [
                "What does Christmas Eve mean to the 14 Tsinghua students?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b9cefd47ece141659eef86c14d90a4e8",
            "input": "Article: There's no need to say it, but there are really more than a few benefits to educational tours. From the word itself, an educational tour is something done to gain knowledge while traveling and touring to some place. It creates opportunities for people to think out of the box and see things and places that aren't usually seen in their normal environment. Educational trips aren't always those that cover far distances. As already said, it is done to gain knowledge and you wouldn't need to go very far to have it. Sometimes, an educational trip could be in your hometown. Historic places and museums are always on top of the lists of the places to go in an educational tour. Educational tours like these would make you know your country better. Your country's history is rich and it is the reason why you came. But remember that the history of other states, counties and countries are as important as your own. When you go on a trip to another country, it is likely that you learn their culture first. Different cultures have different understanding and perspective of different acts, and it could be dangerous or offending if you cannot understand a culture. When you go on an educational tour, it is likely that you would have the opportunity to socialize with other people. Students are encouraged to talk to locals and natives and learn from them, because it is with understanding that students gain knowledge. When students talk with local people, they are gaining insights to their life and their culture. It is said that when in Rome, act and think as the Romans do, and this is a valuable skill that not all people could do. There are millions of people who want to travel, and an educational tour is the perfect time to do so. Traveling opens new doors and opportunities; it always makes you want to learn more. Cultures are many and widely different, and it is a very valuable talent to understand the people of different cultures. Traveling with groups of other students is safer than traveling alone, and bulk travels like those could also be helpful on the budget. Group of friends could stay at one place and get discounts on the place that you wouldn't get if you are traveling alone. Traveling is fun and more budget-friendly when with other people on an educational tour. Travel abroad for a month, try and see if you wouldn't miss your own country. Traveling would let you see your own country in a different way. The benefits of an educational tour are all important, but this one creates patriotism in a person. A school isn't a place where they teach you to find the answers; it is a place where one teaches you to find the questions and learn the answers for yourself. Educational tours are valuable this way. They teach you that you are not the only one seeking for questions and that there are other people who are willing to help you on your way too. \n Answer: Something done to gain knowledge while traveling.",
            "output": [
                "What are educational tours according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-754ab6a3cd2647c790d14704b9f5a7ed",
            "input": "Article: Miss sending letters? Try Lettrs! This new service brings back the art of letter writing by marrying it to the Internet. Lettrs, a new site, is attempting to bring back the old-fashioned idea of letter writing by providing a space that feels a little bit like a writing desk. Of course, there'll be purists who say that to truly enjoy letter writing you must do it on fancy letter paper and envelope in the mail is part of the fun. And if you're into that sort of thing, go for it. But I can't be the only one who is now so much faster at typing that writing by hand is painfully slow. Nor can I be the only one who likes to write on a whim   when I'm going to be on a crowded train or airplane, both of which are situations where writing on the computer is far easier. The site tries, pretty seriously, to approximate  what it's like to have your very own writing desk and paper to choose from (which comes in various prints and colors) as well as corresponding types of prints and cursive writing   that come out on your screen as you write. There's also a \"desk drawer\" for letters you've already sent, a \"fridge\" to post letters publicly, a \"kitchen counter\" for letters you have just received, and \"shoebox\" to store your letters in. And if you need inspiration there are even old-style letters that are great examples of the kind of correspondence people used to send. Lettrs is such a great idea, because you get the best parts of communicating online (typing rather than writing, the speed, no lost mail, and it's free! ) with the nice parts of a letter-the sense of sitting down to write, quietly, to one person in a meaningful way. Who would you write to? \n Answer: By combining letter writing with the Internet.",
            "output": [
                "How does Lettrs work according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df6598b1335745048da23a0916d1d5f2",
            "input": "Article: Elizabeth and I are 18 now, and about to graduate. I think about our elementary school friendship, but some memories have blurred . What happened that day in the fifth grade when Beth suddenly stopped speaking to me? Does she know that I've been thinking about her for seven years? If only we could go back, and discover what ended our relationship. I have to speak with Beth. I see her sometimes, and find out school is \"fine\". It's not the same. It nvever will be. Someone says that she's Liz now. what happened to Beth? I can't call her. Should I write? What if she doesn't answer me? How will I know what she's thinking? Yes, I'll write her a letter. These things are easier to express in writing. \"Dear Be-,\" no, \"Dear Li-\" no, \"Dear Elizabeth,\" I begin. The words flow freely, as seven-year-old memories are reborn. I ask her all the questions that have been left unanswered in my mind, and pray she will answer. I seal my thoughts in the perfect white envelope, and imagine Beth looking into the mailbox. Will she know why I'm writing? Maybe she once thought of writing the same letter. As the mailman takes my envelope from me forever, I wonder if I've made the right decision. Do I have the right to force myself into Beth's life again? Am I simply part of the past? I have taken the first stop. _  One day has passed. Are my words lying on the bottom of the post office floor. Two days are gone. I'm lost in thought and don't even hear the phone ring. \"Hello? It's Elizabeth\" \n Answer: She hasn't seen the author for seven years",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about Beth?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0fd4eb41f88b4390bfa178f03218a1e7",
            "input": "Article: When it comes to President Obama, most of his personal business is already known by the public. Personal information about his children, Malia and Sasha, however, has been kept a little more _ . The New York Timesrecently released a list of rules that Michelle Obama has mentioned over the years that Malia and Sasha must follow during their time in the White House, as well as in general. See how the first family educates their children: The girls must write reports about what they've seen on their trips, even if it's not required by their school. Malia may use her cell phone only on the weekends, and she and her sister cannot watch television or use a computer for anything but homework during the week. Malia and Sasha have to play two sports: one they choose and one selected by their mother. Malia must learn todo laundry  before she leaves for college. The girls have to eat their vegetables, and if they say they are not hungry, they cannot ask for cookies or chips later. While these might be shocking to some, Michelle said, \"They're not little princess. It's just basic rules, boundaries, and expectations that we would have normally.\" Michelle also mentions another set of rules: The girls must do their chores , though the White House has a large staff. Malia and Sasha have chores of their own. They must play a team sport, because it's about learning how to play on a team, how to lose and how to win gracefully. ... It sounds like Michelle and Barack want the best for their kids and to make them as well-rounded as possible. What are your thoughts on the Obama family rules? \n Answer: The first family rules.",
            "output": [
                "What's the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-39a7af82007b476ab6c63a0f3a7050a9",
            "input": "Article: One day a woman spotted a beggar sitting on the corner. The man was elderly, unshaven and ragged. Passers-by wanted nothing to do with him. But the woman smiled. \"Are you hungry?\" she asked. The man slowly looked up. This was a woman clearly used to the finer things in life. Her coat was new. She looked like that she had never missed a meal in her life. \"No, \" he answered sarcastically . \"I've just come from dining with the president. Now go away. \"To his surprise, the woman continued standing. And her smile became even broader.     \"What are you doing, lady?\" he asked angrily. \"I said to leave me alone. \"   Just then a policeman came up. \"Is there any problem, ma'am?\" He asked.    \"No problem here, officer,\" the woman answered. \"I'm just trying to get this man to his feet. Will you help me?\"     The officer scratched  his head. \"That's old Jack. He's been around here for a couple of years. What do you want with him?\"     \"See that cafeteria over there?\" She asked. \"I'm going to get him something to eat and get him out of the cold. \"   \"Are you crazy, lady? I don't want to go in there!\" Then the homeless felt strong hands lift him up. \"Let me go, officer. I didn't do anything.\"     \"This is a good deal for you, Jack, \"the officer answered. \"Don't blow it. \"     Finally, the woman and the police officer got Jack into the cafeteria and sat him at a table. It was the middle of the morning, so most of the breakfast crowd had already left and the lunch bunch had not yet arrived. The woman turned to the officer, \"Would you like to join us in a cup of coffee and a meal, officer?\"   \"Yes, ma'am. That would be very nice. \"   Then, she sat down at the table across from her amazed dinner guest. She stared at him. \"Jack, do you remember me?\"   Old Jack searched her face. \"I think so --I mean you do look familiar. \"   \"I'm Penelope Eddy. I'm a little older perhaps, \"she said. \"In my younger days when you worked here, I came through that very door, cold and hungry. \"   \"I was just out of college, \"the woman continued. \"I had come to the city looking for a job, but I couldn't find anything. Finally  _ and had been kicked out of my apartment. I walked down the streets, saw this place and came in to see if I could get something to eat. \"   Jack lit up with a smile. \"Now I remember,\" he said. \"I was behind the serving counter. \"   \"You made me the biggest roast beef sandwich that I had ever seen and you paid for it out of your own money. \"   \"I got a job that very afternoon. Eventually I started my own business. \"She pulled out a business card. \"When you are finished here, I want you to meet the personnel director of my company. I'm certain he'll find something for you to do around the office. \"     There were tears in the old man's eyes. \"How can I ever thank you, \"he said.      \"Don't thank me. \"the woman answered. \"Thank the Universe. It led me to you. \" ks5u     Outside the cafeteria, the officer and the woman paused at the entrance before going their separate ways. \"Thank you for all your help, officer, \"she said.    \"On the contrary, Ms. Eddy,\" he answered.  \"Thank you. I saw a miracle today, something that I will never forget. And thank you for the coffee. \"     She frowned. \"I forgot to ask you whether you take sugar. That's black. \"     \"Yes. I do. \"the officer said. \"But I don't need it now. I'm sure the coffee you bought me is going to taste as sweet as sugar. \" \n Answer: Because he thought she was just making fun of him.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jack refuse Eddy's invitation at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-abca2335f33548c8bd27d8525321d984",
            "input": "Article: You may have experienced the frustration of receiving a parking fine or finding your car towed away  after leaving it parked for a couple of minutes. But now a high tech car sticker could help motorists avoid such a situation by allowing a traffic warden to get in touch with them.Car owners can buy the sticker and place it inside their car's windscreen,having set it up with vital information,such as their phone number.The slim design will i nclude a sensor that will send a text message warning a driver about a coming fine when touched by a traffic warden.The message will ask them to move their car immediately.The driver could then type a reply for the warden us ing their smartphone,which will appear on the sticker's screen.They may choose to write something along the lines of\"back in two minutes\"in a bid to avoid a fine.Frankfurt-based IT consultant,Daniel Kalliontzis,came up with the idea and is raising funds on Indiegogo to put his 54 sticker into production. The smart sticker system will rely on the good will of traffic wardens and critically,a German law.The law states:\"An officer has to choose the most e fficient and inexpensive way for the car owner to remove the vehicle.\"It could be cheaper for the authorities to contact the driver than to tow his car. At the time of writing,Mr Kalliontzis has raised just over 3,000 of his 50,000 goal on Indiegogo.If he manages to raise the money,the stickers will be shipped in June 2015.But it appears that car owners using the smart system could get some unnecessary warning messages,because anyone could touch the smart sticker. \n Answer: The law of the country.",
            "output": [
                "What may probably contribute to the application of the TowStop sticker in Germany?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac1ae6a7ac2142028b0ddd2d0941fa62",
            "input": "Article: The son of a Lutheran pastor, Albert Schweitzer was born in a small village in Alsace, then part of Germany.By age 29, Schweitzer had already authored three books and made landmark scholarly contributions in the fields of music, religion, and philosophy.He was an acclaimed organist, a world authority on Bach, a church pastor, a head of a theological seminary , and a university professor with two doctoral degrees.  At the age of 30, aware of the desperate medical needs of Africans, he decided to become a doctor and devote the rest of his life to direct service in Africa. In 1913, at the age of 38, Dr.Schweitzer and his wife, Helene, opened a hospital in Lambarene, Gabon- then a province of French Equatorial Africa.Not even serious setbacks of World War I, part of which he and Helene spent as prisoners of war in France,  _ him from continuing commitment to his job. In 1915,troubled daily by the vast numbers of suffering patients coming to his hospital for help, he experienced as a revelation the idea of \"Reverence  for Life\" as the elementary and universal principle of ethics that he had been seeking for so long. By stressing the interdependence and unity of all life, he was a forerunner of the environmental and animal welfare movements - Rachel Carson dedicated Silent Spring to him. In 1952, at the age of 77, Schweitzer was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. During the last twelve years of his life, his speeches and writings emphasized the dangers of atmospheric nuclear test explosions and the suicidal nuclear arms race between the superpowers.  After retiring as a practicing doctor, Albert Schweitzer continued to oversee the hospital until his death at the age of 90. To the end, his one frustration was that he had not succeeded in convincing the world to abolish nuclear weapons. He and his wife are buried on the Hospital grounds in Lambarene. \n Answer: Theology.",
            "output": [
                "What field did Albert SchweitzerNOT contribute his efforts to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-59f75717095d40dca6189f9255d8c7e8",
            "input": "Article: My Left Foot (1989) Imagine _ , unable to make any movements except to move your left foot. The main character in My Left Foot,based on the real story of cerebral palsy   sufferer Christy Brown,can barely move his mouth to speak, but by controlling his left foot, he's able to express himself as an artist and poet. For his moving performance of Brown, Daniel Lewis won his first Academy Award for best actor. Shine (1996) Do you have a talent you're afraid to share with the world? David Helfgott seemed meant from childhood to be \"one of the truly great pianists,\" but the pressures of performing (and pleasing his father) resulted in a complete breakdown. Ten years in a mental hospital didn't weaken Helfgott's musical gift: When he was rediscovered, he was playing concertos in a bar. Shine received seven Oscar nominations  , and Geoffrey Rush won best actor for his performance of Helfgott. Life Is Beautiful (1997) Nothing's more powerful than the love between a parent and a child. In this heartbreaking Italian film, a father (Roberto Benigni) makes an unbelievable sacrifice for his 4-year-old son: trapped in a Nazi concentration camp in 1945, the Jewish man convinces his boy that they are playing a complicated game. He manages to spare him the horror of the terrible war, and even in his final moments of life, keeps his son smiling and hopeful. Benigni won the best actor Oscar. Stand and Deliver (1988) Few people can inspire us more than a good teacher. Jaime Escalante (Edward James Olmos got Oscar nomination for best actor) is a great one. Employed at a high school where kids are expected to fail, Escalante challenges his math students to struggle for better things, like getting good grades in the AP exam. Despite the obstacles in their lives, the classmates achieve their goals, thanks to Mr. Escalante's support. The real Jaime Escalante, the Best Teacher in America, says that Stand and Deliver is \"90% truth, 10% drama.\" \n Answer: Life Is Beautiful.",
            "output": [
                "If you want to watch a movie about wars, which may be one of your choices?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4b50f7dd6ccb49f1ae8d1b3884fbbc38",
            "input": "Article: The Nobel Prizes in physiology or medicine, physics and chemistry are the most respected prizes in science. But talk to scientists in private, and many will complain why (besides jealousy, perhaps) are some scientists unhappy with the Nobels? One reason is that the committees can often be slow to recognize achievement. Alfred Nobel specified in his will that the prizes should reward work done in the previous year. But experience soon showed that this was risky, as medals were given out for discoveries that later proved questionable. So a degree of caution is probably advisable. Sometimes, though, it can lead to strange results. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, for instance, had to wait until 1983 to win a prize for work he had done in the 1930s on the structure of stars. However, Albert Einstein never won a prize for his theory of relativity. Even though some pretty suggestive evidence had been produced by Arthur Eddington in 1919, relativity, which has later passed every experimental test ever thrown at it, was still considered somewhat risky and obscure. Another criticism concerns the tradition that no more than three people can share a prize. Science is rarely this clear-cut. Take this year's physics prize, which recognised Peter Higgs for predicting the existence of the mass-bestowing particle that now bears his name. Dr Higgs was only one of several people with a claim. Two other teams---- Rober Brout and Francois Englert, as well as Gerald Guralnik, Carl Hageh and Tom Kibble----- submitted papers on the same idea to the same journal that published Dr Higgs's work, all within a few months of each other. Science often works like this, with different people coming up with similar ideas at similar times. In the event, the committee decided to honour Dr Engler (Brout is dead, therefore unqualified), whose paper was earlier than Dr Higgs's but did not explicitly predict a particle, over Dr Guralnik and his collaborators, who were more comprehensive but published a few weeks later. \n Answer: because the Nobles are quite possibly slow to recognize achievement",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage why some of the scientists are unhappy with the Nobels?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-90f175b9984e4f37b53d6d6a0b2e0f33",
            "input": "Article: The modern world is full of useful objects that were invented by someone, from spoons and  chopsticks in our kitchens to the Ipads in our handbags. Each invention is an example of the creative power of the human mind. Where do inventors get their inspirations ? The inspiration behind  each of these inventions varies. Take the shopping cart as an example. Sylvan Goldman was a grocery store owner. Like most businessmen, he wished that his customers would buy more so that he could make more money. He knew what if they could carry more goods easily as they were shopping, when his sales would go up. While thinking about the problem one night, he had an idea. Working with a local handyman named  Fred Young, he designed the first shopping cart. Today, retailers who use shopping carts sell more goods and make more profits. Nature has also inspired inventors throughout history. This is what happened to George de  Mestral one day. While hunting with his dog in the Swiss Alps, he noticed how the burs  of  certain plants stuck to his clothing and to his dog' s fur. After examining them under a microscope, he found they had tiny hooks that could easily stick to the fibers of clothing or animal hide. For the next ten years, George de Mestral searched for the hest way to produce his idea. The result of his original inspiration was Velcro, which is used in many modem objects, including sportswear, shoes, automobiles, and even space suits. These examples show us that there are at least two possible inspirations for human creativity in  the world of inventions -- profit and nature. No doubt, the future will continue to breathe new life into the economies of the world with fresh ideas and inventions. How many of their creations will be inspired by natural phenomena? The world's problems require creativity and we can expect best solutions from future generations. \n Answer: Because customers were able to carry more items when shopping.",
            "output": [
                "Why did sales go up in Sylvan Goldman's grocery store after he began providing shopping carts?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb9bfd38106145fcafdbc0e827e7939c",
            "input": "Article: In the gym of Croxteth Community School, Liverpool, 50 boys have completed a course on boxing that is seen as a pilot for its return to state schools. The Schools Amateur Boxing Association (SABA) has developed the Kid Gloves scheme ( ),a -non-contact  version of the sport where outside coaches teach a range of basic skills. Chris Andrews, assistant secretary of the SABA, said the scheme was regarded as a way of changing the decline in boxing in state schools which began 25 years ago. Safety fears and the poor image of professional boxing had accelerated the sport's decline. Concern was worsened by incidents such as the death of the professional boxer Bradley Stone. But the Croxteth example was winning more supporters. Mr. Andrews said the idea was particularly well received in the north-east of England. \"The interest shown so far has been enormous,\" he said. \"I believe that boxing will come back into schools. A video has been produced to promote boxing in schools, and a bid has been made for a Sports Council grant  .\" He said, \"I think there is a genuine recognition that there are aspects to boxing, if it is controlled and properly run, that really are very beneficial for children. This scheme takes away the dangers. I hope boxing can be promoted throughout the country in a more coordinated way.\" Such an idea horrifies such groups as the British Medical Association (BMA) and the British Safety Council, both critics of the idea. Dr Jeffrey Cundy, the joint author of a BMA report on boxing, accepted that the scheme in Liverpool was non-contact, but he was still opposed. He said, \"We feel that children should still not be introduced to boxing, because they will then be encouraged to take up an activity which is uniquely dangerous when actual contact takes place.\" He added, \"There is a whole range of sports which will teach the discipline that comes from boxing without the dangers. We see this reintroduction in schools as an unhealthy development.\" At the 800-pupil Croxteth school, Steve Stewart, head of PE, said boxing had helped to improve self-confidence, self-discipline, self-awareness and self-respect in those taking part. Everybody could get involved and, because all were starting from scratch, the improvements could be quickly seen. Certificates were presented to the pupils at the end of the course by Paul Hodgkinson, a local boxer who is a former world champion. Next year, the course will be repeated and if possible girls will be allowed to take part following requests from them. Gerry Thompson and Tony Curry, both 12,have enjoyed the boxing sessions and say they will both join a local boxing club. \"I thought it was brilliant,\" said Gerry. \"I would rather be a professional boxer than a footballer. It's more enjoyable*\" \n Answer: Some pupils have been trained to be world champions.",
            "output": [
                "What's the present situation of the Croxteth school boxing course?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa1e4514acf5409cbf3d8329f25b6241",
            "input": "Article: Boxing is a fist fighting sport between two matched combatants   wearing padded gloves. A boxer's primary aim is to land as many blows as possible to the head and torso   of the opponent, using strength and speed to dominate the contest. One of the oldest sports still practiced, boxing dates back to thousands of years ago. Today the sport is popular in many parts of the world and encompasses   both amateur and professional matches. For most of the 20th century boxing attracted huge fan and media attention in the United States. Some boxing champions became legendary, larger-than-life figures, such as Jack Dempsey, Joe Louis, and Muhammad Ali. Criticized to varying degrees throughout its history for its violent nature and high injury rate, boxing has somehow always managed to survive----and even thrive----as a sport. Modern boxing regulations are based upon the 12 rules set out by British boxing officials in the mid-19th century. These rules became known as the Marquess of Queensberry Rules, named after the 8th Marquess of Queensberry, John Sholto Douglas, who sponsored and published them. In addition to in-the-ring rules, modern boxing also has specific regulations regarding eligibility for the fighters themselves. The modern rules for professional and amateur boxing differ, but both types of contests are divided into time periods called rounds. In professional boxing, each round lasts three minutes; in amateur boxing, two minutes. A one-minute rest period between rounds is standard. Amateur contests consist of three rounds; professional contests may consist of up to 12 rounds. A bell is usually sounded by a timekeeper to begin and end each round. A key step in making boxing safer and more respectable was the introduction of gloves, ending brutal bare-knuckle competition. Boxing gloves are heavily padded to soften the impact of the blow and to protect the hands of the boxer. As an added protection, the hands are taped before being placed in the gloves, which are essentially huge mittens. Professional gloves usually weigh between 170 and 226g; amateur gloves average 226 to 340g. \n Answer: Boxing is a violent sport with high injury rate.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the information in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae217ce7829249c59460c05cb644b3db",
            "input": "Article: One day, around Christmas time, fishermen off the west coast of Peru started on their traditional fishing trip. Much to their surprise, there were no fish! They knew immediately what had happened. Tales from years gone by had told them this was the result of El Nino which sometimes stop fishing for many months! El Nino is a warm _ that comes and goes along the west coast of South America. It got its name from fishermen in Peru more than a century ago. Every few years, they noticed a sudden warming in the normally cool Pacific water where they fished. Because this warming often came about around Christmas, they called it El Nino, which is Spanish for the \"Christ Child\". Generally, El Nino occurs every three to seven years and lasts only a few weeks to a month or more. El Nino warms the water it flows through. Because the fish and sea birds need cold water to live, many of them die when El Nino comes through. El Nino also causes both floods and droughts. It is believed that El Nino may have caused the 1993 Mississippi and 1995 California floods. And at the same time, it may have caused droughts in South America, Africa and Australia. El Nino has occurred thirteen times within the last fifty years, bringing natural disasters to many countries such as Indonesia and Peru. However, El Nino does not often trouble China. During this period China was badly hit by El Nino only once. In 1998, North China had a terrible drought, while South China was troubled by floods. \n Answer: It lasts a few weeks or more.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about El Nino?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-97903a6f8d364ac199bcf23be198e7ab",
            "input": "Article: The tough economy is bringing new shoppers to the secondhand market. Plato's Closet in Charlotte, NC is a private company which mainly buys and sells used clothes. While Charlotte has outstanding secondhand stores offering high-end and sophisticated   brands for women, most of their stock applies to adults. Plato's Closet targets teens and those in their 20s.Plato's Closet, with stores in Matthews and the university area, sells clothes and accessories   that are currently popular at up to 70 percent off retail prices  . The two hottest brands, for buying and selling, are Hollister and Abercrombie & Fitch. Even though the offerings tend to be suitable for young people, there are a variety of shoppers at Plato's Closet of varying ages. Women in their 30s; 40s and older could easily find a purse, jacket or piece of jewelry they like. Customer Beth Gibbs, 52, who has three teenage daughters, said she used to shop at name-brand stores, but \"this year I'm shopping more in secondhand stores\", because of the economy. If you're selling Unlike higher-end resale stores which usually work on consignment  , Plato's Closet buys on the spot. Items can be gently used, but must be in very good condition. Clothes should be less than two years old and styles should be the same as those still being sold at the shopping center. There is no negotiation; prices are set company-wide. If what you sell amounts to $30 or less, they'll give you cash. More than that, you'll get a Visa cash card. Secondhand success Don't get discouraged if you can't find something on your first trip. Resale shops are always getting new lists of goods and change their styles with each season. Be sure to check each piece carefully before buying. Price comparison Jackets: New York & Company black blazer, $12; retail: $37. Pants: Express Editor-style pants, $12; retail: $69.90. Shoes: Nine West black peep-toe pumps, $12; retail: $89. Jewelry: Necklaces, $3-$5; retail: $18-$30. (365) \n Answer: They offer service for people of different ages.",
            "output": [
                "What is the difference between Plato's Closet and other resale shops?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-83f675ee09bd4290b47463099da2c76b",
            "input": "Article: Coffee is one of the most popular drinks throughout the world today. In fact, according to some estimates, over 30% of all adults in the world drink coffee at least once a day on the average.  Coffee contains a kind of drug called caffeine. Caffeine is a chemical that stimulates   the nerves of the body. Drinking coffee tends to make people a little bit more awake--at least for a short time--because of this stimulating effect on the nervous system. A cup of coffee has, on the average, about 3% caffeine in it. One story of the discovery of the coffee plant relates to this effect of caffeine. According to the story, coffee was discovered in East Africa. The story says that coffee was first found by a goat farmer named Kaldi. This was about the year 850. Kaldi was leading his animals through the mountains and the goats were stopping repeatedly to eat the plants near the path. Suddenly, some of the goats started jumping up and down in a very strange way. Kaldi figured out that the goats were acting this way because of the plants they were eating. Kaldi himself tried eating some of the green beans   that the goats had been eating. He, too, felt the stimulating effect of the beans.   Kaldi wanted to prove what had happened, so he picked some of the beans and took them back to the village, where he told his story. The green bean got the name \"Kaffa\" and later \"coffee\" because the beans were discovered in a place called Kaffa in Africa. Then for years, people used to eat a few of the green Kaffa beans when they were in the mountains and needed extra energy to do their work. It was later found that the coffee beans could be picked and then dried until they turned brown, and then they could be stored. If the beans were dried and stored, they could be used at any time. \n Answer: To become more awake.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of drinking coffee?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-42475a9e106e4d7ab1743e7aa274e1de",
            "input": "Article: STARBUCKS China yesterday renamed a newlyopened outlet near one of Buddhism's most famous temples after a wave of controversy over what critics called a \"cultural invasion\". The coffee shop in Hangzhou had opened as the Lingyin Temple Starbucks, leading some people to believe it was located inside the renowned temple. However, the company said in a statement yesterday that the coffee shop was actually in the Lingyin scenic area, about 20 minutes' walk from the temple's entrance.It was said the outlet would now be known as the Lingyin Starbucks. Wang Shan, deputy director of the Lingyin office of the West Lake Administration in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, said, \"Actually, the coffee house is a long distance from the temple.It is located in the tourist service area on Lingyin Road outside of the temple, as part of the supporting facilities.\" The temple's administration urged the cafe to change its name to make it clear that it was not located inside the temple. In a heated online debate, critics said the U.S.chain's commercial style would spoil the serenity that an oriental Buddhism temple should embrace. Supporters, however, said that the talk of an \"invasion\" was misplaced as the outlet was not inside the temple but on a nearby commercial street where a KFC restaurant and a shopping mall had been open for more than six months. The incident follows calls in 2009 to stop an earlier \"cultural invasion\" when the Seattlebased coffee chain had to move its outlet out of Beijing's Forbidden City seven years after it opened. Critics urged closure of the outlet, which they said was a \"humiliation\" for a culture exemplified by the ancient buildings. \n Answer: To tell the public the coffee outlet doesn't lie inside the temple.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the temple's administration urge the cafe to change its name?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-842c14ecfda54f938ee977200ae98d7a",
            "input": "Article: A month after Hurricane Katrina,I returned home in New Orleans.There lay my house,reduced to waist-high rains,smelly and dirty.Before the trip,I'd had my car fixed.When the office employee of the garage was writing up the bill.she noticed my Louisiana license plate.\"You from New Orleans?\"she asked.I said l was, \"No charge.\"She said,and firmly shook her head when I reached for my wallet.The next day I went for a haircut,and the same thing happened. As my wife was studying in Florid,we decided to move there and tried to find a rental house that we could afford while also paying off a mortgage on our ruined house.We looked at many places,but none was satisfactory.We'd begun to accept that we'd have to live in extremely reduced circumstances for a while,when I got a very curious e-mail from a James Kennedy in California.He'd read some pieces I'd written about our sufferings forState,an online magazine and wanted to give us(\"noconditions attached\")a new house across the lake from New Orleans.It sounded too good to be true,but I replied,thanking him for his exceptional generosity,that we had no plans to go back.Then a poet of the University of Florida offered to let his house to me while he went to England on his one-year-paid leave.The rent was rather reasonable.Imentioned the poet's offer to James Kennedy,and the next day he sent a check covering our entire rent for eight months. Throughout this painful experience,the kindness of strangers backs my faith in humanity.It's almostworthlosing you worldly possessions to be reminded that people really want to be kind when given a channel. \n Answer: He was concerned about the writer's sufferings.",
            "output": [
                "What do you know about James Kennedy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3649fd9c83784b3fb198d66f9c89482f",
            "input": "Article: \"This past year has been one of great celebration for many. The enthusiasm which greeted the Diamond Jubilee was, of course, especially memorable for me and my family. It was humbling that so many chose to mark the anniversary of a duty which passed to me 60 years ago. People of all ages took the trouble to take part in various ways and in many nations. But perhaps most striking of all was to witness the strength of fellowship and friendship among those who had gathered together on these occasions. On the barges and the bridges and the banks of the river there were people who had taken their places to cheer through the mist, undaunted by the rain. That day there was a tremendous sense of common determination to celebrate, triumphing  over the elements. That same spirit was also in evidence from the moment the Olympic flame arrived on these shores. The flame itself drew hundreds and thousands of people on its journey around the British Isles, and was carried by every kind of deserving individual, many nominated for their own extraordinary service. As London hosted a splendid summer of sport, all those who saw the achievement and courage at the Olympic and Paralympic Games were further inspired by the skill, dedication, training and teamwork of our athletes. In pursuing their own sporting goals, they gave the rest of us the opportunity to share something of the excitement and drama. We were reminded, too, that the success of these great festivals depended to an enormous degree upon the dedication and effort of an army of volunteers. Those public-spirited people came forward in the great tradition of all those who devote themselves to keeping others safe, supported and comforted. For many, Christmas is also a time for coming together. But for others, service will come first. Those serving in our armed forces, in our emergency services and in our hospitals, whose sense of duty takes them away from family and friends, will be missing those they love. At Christmas I am always struck by how the spirit of togetherness lies also at the heart of the Christmas story. A young mother and a dutiful father with their baby were joined by poor shepherds and visitors from afar. They came with their gifts to worship  the Christ child. From that day on he has inspired people to commit themselves to the best interests of others. This is the time of year when we remember that God sent his only son 'to serve, not to be served'. He restored love and service to the centre of our lives in the person of Jesus Christ. It is my prayer this Christmas Day that his example and teaching will continue to bring people together to give the best of themselves in the service of others. I wish you all a very happy Christmas. \" \n Answer: Queen of Great Britain.",
            "output": [
                "Who most probably is the maker of this speech?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2fea2bf56fe4624b6b2fed35f63ef7e",
            "input": "Article: As people in China celebrated Singles' Day on November 11, the media eagerly discussed why so many marriageable young people fail to find their other half.               While single people in China are pitied, their counterparts in some Western countries feel they are being discriminated against. In the US, where more than a quarter of all households consists of one person, single people often pay more insurance than married people. They don't get the same tax breaks and they seldom get promoted at work.               There seems to be a bad name attached to their status - somehow their personality is flawed   and therefore they are not to be trusted.               Activities have created the term \"singlism\" to describe discrimination against unmarried people. It means stereotyping , stigmatizing  and discrimination against those who are single.               Globally, the number of people living alone is skyrocketing. Many people are at peace with being single and some even choose to remain single. But why are so many of us worried about singledom?               Michael Cobb, professor of English at the University of Toronto in Canada, says that pop culture is to blame for people's fear of singledom. His book Single: Arguments for the Uncoupled is a critical examination of singleness in favor of the couple, making singletons one of the most despised  sexual minorities in Western countries. In pop culture, singles are viewed as immature, whereas fully adults are able to form relationships and live meaningful lives.               The overall message is clear: go ahead and be yourself, but if you want real happiness, make sure you get coupled up. You may get that idea from US comedy series Sex and the City and the most recent Girls, or UK's Bridge Jones' Diary. \n Answer: Pop culture",
            "output": [
                "In Michael Cobb's opinion, what should be responsible for people's fear of singledom?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c561cebac8724954bfd9a24d334b5140",
            "input": "Article: Steve Jobs made technology fun.The co-founder of Apple died last Wednesday at the age of fifty-six He had fought for years against cancer.Mourners gathered outside his house in Palo Alto, California, and Apple stores around the world. Tim Bajarin, president of a high-tech research and consulting company, said \"If you actually look at a tech leader, they're really happy if they have one hit in their life.Steve Jobs has the Apple II, the Mac, the iPod, the iPhone, the iPad and Pixar.\" Steve Jobs was a college dropout.He was adopted by a machinist and his wife, an accountant.They supported his early interest in electronics. He and his friend Steve Wozniak started Apple Computer--now just called Apple--in nineteen seventy-six.They stayed at the company until nineteen eighty-five.That year, Steve Wozniak returned to college and Steve Jobs left in a dispute with the chief executive. Mr.Jobs then formed his own company, called NeXT Computer.He rejoined Apple in nineteen ninety-seven after it bought NeXT.He helped remake Apple from a business that was in bad shape then to one of the most valuable companies in the world today. Steve Wozniak, speaking on CNN, remembered his longtime friend as a \"great visionary and leader'' and a \"marketing genius \". President Obama said in a statement: \"By building one of the planet's most successful companies from his garage, _ .By making computers personal and putting the Internet in our pockets, he made the information revolution not only accessible, but intuitive and fun.\" David Carroll is a professor at Parsons School of Design in New York City.He says Steve Jobs not only revolutionized technology, he also revolutionized American business. \"The fact that he was able to redesign American commerce top to bottom and across is really stunning  .He probably will be considered an industrial giant on the scale of Thomas Edison and Henry Ford, so one of the great[s] of all time.\" David Carroll said. Steve Jobs stepped down as Apple's chief executive in August because of his health.He died a day after the company released a new iPhone version that met with limited excitement.Apple's new chief, Tim Cook, will also have to deal with the new Kindle Fire tablet computer from Amazon.com.It costs less than half as much as an iPad but also does less. \n Answer: He revolutionized technology and made it enjoyable.",
            "output": [
                "Why did people all over the world mourn Steve Jobs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff747768aba14acbbc79350c4ebb84cd",
            "input": "Article: India has many festivals, with some celebrations that last for weeks. However, none of them come even close to Holi, India's most colorful and fun festival. Celebrated on the day following the full moon, this year's festival happens to be on March 19th. As with most Indian festivals, this one also has many different folk stories. Most of them center around the success of good over evil. The most popular one is about a king, who hates his son Prahlada for loving the creator of the Universe--Lord Vishnu. When every attempt to stop him fails, his sister, Holika believed to be immune  to fire, joins in the effort by inviting the young boy to sit with her inside a huge fire. Helped by the power of Lord Vishnu, Prahlada escapes safely, while the evil Holika is burned to death. To remember this event, huge outdoor fires are lit in the night before Holi in order to clean the air of evil spirits and to celebrate the death of the evil. So what's so great about this day? While there are some fun parades  and folk songs and dance performances, the most fun of all is walking to the streets and splashing  people with water guns and dry colors and even covering them with entire buckets of colored water. On this day, everybody is _ , no matter how old or how young. At about midday, the splashing comes to an end and people living close to oceans or rivers usually take a bath in the water to clean themselves before going home to a delicious home-made big dinner and a well-deserved short sleep, following this full day of fun and activities. \n Answer: Because Prahlada concentrates on his own success.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the king dislike his son Prahlada?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-94dc4d19b4ad4da2bae9601bd70ef26d",
            "input": "Article: Not long ago the movie 2012 came into screen. The people were threatened by those scenes of destroying flood, severe earthquake, terrifying hurricane and constructions representing human civilization being destroyed and even swallowed by disaster.  Luckily, they are just the director' s imagination, but the present situation is not heading a positive direction, either. Take my own experience in Alaska as an example. Once I took a trip to the glacier. Along the way there stood signposts marking the snow lines of different years.  They started from the foot of the mountain, but it was at the top when I finally saw melting glaciers . My heart ached seeing the beautiful blue ice melting at every second. Sad but true, they are the effects of global warming and the result of our human impact. Furthermore, each year the rising sea level will kill 56 million people, and that's about the population of the entire Italy. According to studies, if the temperature keeps on rising like this, by the year 2050, some islands and coastal cities including New York, Shanghai, Tokyo and Sydney will be drowned in water. Our fortune is in our own hands. It depends on us to shape our future, to reduce future human impact and find ways to form a peaceful relationship with our environment. Therefore, it's time for actions to be taken right now. Contribute a little to energy saving by using more efficient light bulbs and less hot water. Let recycle become our habit by thinking twice before throwing something away. Let us take public transportation as our first choice when going to a certain place. It might cost more time for now, but it' s to the benefit of a permanent future. Take care of every tree and grass around us by watering them or simply just avoid destroying them. In a word, _ The earth does not belong to us. On the contrary, we belong to the earth. Please bear in mind that the earth is our home. It is our responsibility to build a brighter and better future of our planet and prevent what happened in the movie 2012 from becoming reality. \n Answer: To lead into the topic.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author talk about the movie 2012 in the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-68ca5336e03f4914901d02ac9b621225",
            "input": "Article: \"I don't want to write a story about girls!I don't know anything about girls.\"Louisa May Alcott told her publisher,Mr Niles.But she was desperate for money.She seemed to be the only one in her family who could make some money.Niles had asked her to write something she knew,instead of the romantic adventure stories she had been writing.\"So I plod away,\"Alcott wrote,\"though I don't enjoy this sort of thing.\"It was 1867,and the horrible Civil War was over.Now Alcott could turn her energy to making money. Alcott wrote a simple story of life in her family,their pillow fights on Saturday nights and the amateur plays they performed.\"Our experiences may prove interesting,though I doubt it.\"(\"Good joke.\"she wrote years later.)Her book described her days growing up with four sisters in a family that had no money.She sketched a loving mother who took time to be interested in each child,and she told of the death of a beloved sister.She portrayed her family and friends in her book Little Women.Finally,in July of 1868,she finished writing.With a sigh and a headache,she sent off all 102 handwritten pages of her book. Niles thought the book was dull,and so did Alcott.But when she received her copies of the book,Alcott thought it seemed better than expected.\"Not a bit sensational,\"she wrote,\"but simple and true.We really loved most of it.\"Niles asked some girls to read Little Women,and they loved it.If girls liked it,Alcott was satisfied. In three months,all the copies of Little Women had been sold out.It was already time to print more books!Niles thought she could sell three or four hundred more copies.\"An honest publisher and a lucky author made a dull book into a golden egg for ugly ducking,\"Alcott wrote in 1885.Later,with a great sign of relief,she was able to write,\"Paid off all the debts!Now I feel that I could die in peace.If my head holds out,I'll do all I hoped to do.\" \n Answer: Simple.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be used to describe Alcott's book?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a75f677370414d4f8ae879dc0a04de14",
            "input": "Article: During these past few days I have been reflecting a lot on everything that happened this past year and thinking of what I can do differently so that the coming year will be much better! Here I want to share some tips so you can also do your resolution and you can achieve them all! *Be realistic: You should always try to reach for the skies with your goals, but things like \"I want to win the lottery \" or \"I want to lose 80 pounds in 1 month\" are things you shouldn't have on your list because they will only become frustrations. *Be detailed: It's a lot easier to accomplish more specific plans than general ones. Instead of writing \"I want to lose weight,\" put things like \"I will start my Yes You Can! Diet Plan the first Monday of the year\" or \"I will start a movement routine 3 times a week for 35 minutes.\" When we put down concrete activities, we _ ourselves to them and it becomes a lot harder to come up with excuses. *Think of alternatives: At the beginning of this past year, you put that you were going to start going to the gym as one of your annual plans. During the whole year you intended to take action but you always said that you couldn't because you came home so tired from work. If this is one of your plans for this year, you should write down how you're going to achieve it. For example, \"I will start going to the gym in the mornings, before work.\" That way you prevent what stopped you from achieving your goal last year. *Focus on goals which depend on YOU: It is very important that all of your plans are for YOU to accomplish, and it is important that you write them down that way. If one of your goals this coming year is to improve a relationship with one of your family members, make sure that you clearly put down what you are going to do for this to succeed. For example, \"I will call my sister at least three times a week and I will visit her in the middle of the year.\" Well, I hope that you use these tips so that this year you will accomplish everything you want, and make it the best year ever! Thank you for being with me during everything this past year, and I hope that you keep showing me all of this love and support during the next. Happy new year! \n Answer: Because it is very likely to fail.",
            "output": [
                "Why isn't \"I want to win the lottery\" recommended as a New Year plan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b64a1317bf494730b89ec3050c917c15",
            "input": "Article: Sports play an important role in British life. The most popular sport is football. Cricket is also popular in England, but is less important in the other home nations. Rugby union and rugby league are the other major team sports. Tennis is the most important sport for the two weeks of the Wimbledon Championships  Football The modern global game of football developed from traditional British football games in the 19thcentury. Club football is organized separately in each of the home nations. English football has a league system which combines thousands of clubs. Scotland has a similar but smaller club football structure. The top level league in Wales is the league of Wales. In Northern Ireland the main league is the Irish Football League. Each season the most successful clubs from each of the home nations qualify for(......) the two Europe wide club competitions organized by UEFA , the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Cup. Cricket Cricket was invented in England. It is regarded as England's national summer game and it is probably the second most widely covered sport. There are eighteen professional country clubs, seventeen of them in England and one in Wales. Each summer the country clubs compete in the first class Country Championship, which consist of two leagues of nine teams and in which matches are played over four days. Rugby Like football, rugby union and rugby league both developed from traditional British football games in the 19thcentury. For much of the 20thcentury there was great _ between rugby leagues, which was a mainly working class game based in the industrial areas of northern England, and rugby union, which is a mainly middle class game in England, and is also popular in the other home nations. Tennis Tennis is yet another sport which originated in the United Kingdom and the governing body of the sport is the LTA . However, no British man has won Wimbledon since 1936 and no British woman since 1977. The only British players of either sex to reach the world top 50 in recent years are Greg Rusedski, who learnt his tennis in Canada, and Tim Henman and Andrew Murray ,who did not pass through the LTA system either. \n Answer: The top clubs represent the UK in the two Europe competitions.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about football?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-33b46eb9d1e94104bda987656c650650",
            "input": "Article: A few years ago it was popular to speak of a generation gap, a disagreement between young people and their elders.Parents said that children did not show them proper respect and obedience , while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all.What had gone wrong? Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared? Actually the generation gap has been _ for a long time.Many people argue that a gap is built into the fabric of our society. One important cause of the generation gap is the chance that young people have to choose their own ways of life.In more traditional societies, when children grow up, they are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people that their parents know and agree to, and to continue the family occupation .In our society, young people often travel great distances for their education, move out of the family home at an early age, marry or live with people whom their parents have never met, and choose occupations different from those of their parents. In our easily changing society, parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs, to make more money, and to do all the things that they were unable to do.Often, however, the strong desire that parents have for their children are another cause of the disagreement between them.Often, they discover that they have very little in common with each other. Finally, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations.In a traditional culture, elderly people are valued for their wisdom, but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become out of date overnight.The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds, separated by different skills and abilities. No doubt, the generation gap will continue to be a feature of American life for some time to come.Its causes are rooted in the freedom and changes of our society, and in the rapid speed at which society changes. \n Answer: Modern education makes them think differently.",
            "output": [
                "Which cause of the generation gap is not mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ec57761d51f64555aced633e15be7020",
            "input": "Article: Is it time to kick Russia out of the BRICs  ? If so, it may end up sounding like a famous ball-point pen maker-BIC. An argument is being made that Goldman Sach's famous marketing device ,the BRICs, should really be the BICs. \"Is Russia really worth the name BRICs?\" asks Anders Aslund, senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, in an article for Foreigh Policy. Aslund, who is also co-author with Andrew Kuchins of \"The Russian Balance Sheet\", thinks the Russia of Putin and Medvedev is just not worthy of inclusion alongside Brazil, India and China in the list of future economic powerhouses. He writes: \"The country's economic performance has fallen to such a weak level that one must ask whether it has any say at all on the global economy, compared with the other members of its group. I have just returned from Moscow, which is always dull around this season. For the last seven years, Russia has taken very few measures to improve its economy. Instead, the state has been living on oil and gas. \" Economically, Aslund has the numbers on his side. The International Monetary Fund figures that the Russian economy will fall by 6.7 percent in 2009, while China will grow 8.5 percent and India 5.4 percent. There is less of a case for Brazil, with a fall of 0.7 percent, but it is still doing far better than Russia. But the BRICs are not just about economy. As is mentioned above, it is a marketing device to encourage investors to focus on the big promising players. From an investment standpoint, it could be argued that Russia is leading the BRICs. Its stock market is up 128 percent this year while around 80 percent is for the other three. At very least, however, Russia's economic underperformance and stock market outperfoumance does suggest it is indeed one of the group. \n Answer: China.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which country will enjoy the biggest increase in 2009?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b8c7522345c4cdc83ea97fb13158134",
            "input": "Article: It is easier to float in the ocean than it is to float in a swimming pool. Do you know why?          Ocean water is full of salt-- and salt water can hold up more weigh than fresh water. See for yourself!          You Will Need: *  3 cups of warm water *  Measuring cup   *  Wide-mouthed jar *  Salt *  Spoon  *  Raw  potato You Will Do:  Pour 1.5 cups      of warm water into the jar.Add 1/3 cup of      salt.Stir  until the      salt is completely dissolved.Add another      1.5 cups of water. Pour it slowly over the back of the spoon into the jar      so that the two liquid will not mix together. Gently      place the potato into the jar. Do not drop it. What Will Happen: The potato will sink-- but only halfway! Why? Salt water is heavier than fresh water, so it will stay on the bottom. The fresh water will remain on top. The potato is heavier than the fresh water, but it is lighter than the salt water. That is why the potato will sink halfway down. \n Answer: Pour warm water into thejar.",
            "output": [
                "In the experiment, what should you do right after you pour the water over the spoon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c81f6f4b9f2401ca56552ce684dc5d6",
            "input": "Article: Walking home from work with a family friend, I found myself in a discussion about her daughter's going to college. It started with the mother telling me that she had no money to help her daughter go through college, which led the mother to push community college fiercely. She then started to say how she had been pushing \"high-paying\" fields on her daughter--doctor, engineer, lawyer, etc. When I asked her if that was what her daughter had interest in, she said no. I asked her what the point was to push her daughter into something that she didn't like, and she responded with, \"I just want her to make a good fortune.\" After hearing her words, I would like to state that money is not everything. A high-paying job means nothing if you are miserable. I used to do a high-paid job, but it was very tiring and I had no time of my own. I didn't like it at all. Though the pay was good, I was not happy. So I'd like to tell parents, please do not force your children into a major or a career just because you think they are going to make a lot of money. They would feel terrible for taking that major or job just to comfort you. The worst part is the feeling of guilty when they decide to change that major to something they actually want or when they quit that job. Being a member of a generation who are willing to give  ly everything to our kids, we know we just hope our children could live happy lives. Please do not force a career path on our children just because we think it is good for them. Give our children advice, but don't force them. \n Answer: She wanted to be a doctor when she was young.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about that mother?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f448810d35134ea3a996b4784e6df64d",
            "input": "Article: After serving as a ski guide in Utah's back country for more than two decades, a Park City woman is being recognized by Outside Magazine as 2015's Best Ski Guide. Deb Lovci grew up in Colorado and began skiing when she was five years old. Later she moved to Utah and fell in love with the back country of Wasatch Mountains. Lovci has now served as a Ski Utah Interconnect guide for 27 years. \"Anything that you slide on snow, I'm in love with, \" she said. Lovci leads ski tours through the back country of six different resorts located in the Wasatch Mountains. Lovci typically takes a group of eight to ten people on a ski tour each day, and on average, she takes 300 customers on tours through the back country each season. She loves showing off Utah's wilderness. \"I love the back country,\" she said. \"I love the snow science behind it. I love the safety ... I just love it.\" Along with leading ski tours, Lovci is passionate about anything related to activities. She also runs a bed-and-breakfast in Park City, the Old Town Guest House. As \" _ \", she also runs Alpine skis, Nordic skis competitively, and snowboards, and leads mountain bike tours during the summer. Outside Magazine selected five travel guides in various outdoor fields to name as the best in their Best of Travel April issue. Lovci said she was unexpectedly cheerful when she was selected as 2015's Best Ski Guide by Outside Magazine. \"We all work really hard in what we do and we love it and it's really nice to get acknowledged,\" she said. \"I work with a lot of excellent guides and the award could have gone to anybody -- any one of us. I often recall my ski experiences which were fearful at the beginning, but they helped me achieve a success.\" In a news release, Ski Utah director of communications, Paul Marshall said, \"Deb Lovci is one of the most enthusiastic, focused, knowledgeable guides in the industry. Without her as the forefront of our Interconnect Tour, we would not have the success we have. She has been an enthusiastic part of the Interconnect Tour for 27 years and is thought highly of by our customers.\" \n Answer: Her love for Utah's wilderness and her ski experiences.",
            "output": [
                "What helped Deb Lovci to be selected as 2015's Best Ski Guide?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f174e8cf9af042c483b6d713f579d923",
            "input": "Article: Face-to-face communication involves much more than the spoken word.In fact, we often communicate our feelings to others through our body language without realizing we are doing so.We communicate through posture, gesture and facial expression.But the eyes also play an important part in this unspoken language.William Shakespeare called the eyes \"a window to the soul,\" and you can learn to look through that window and better understand a person's body language by reading eye movement. Begin a conversation and ask a simple question.Watch carefully for eye movement during the response.If the person looks up, he or she is thinking or forming pictures.This is also a sign of a visual thinker.Looking up and to the left shows recalling a memory, while looking up and to the right could show imaginative construction or lying. If the person looks down, this could be a sign of obedience  or even blame.Looking down and to the left can show a person talking to themselves.Looking down and to the right can show that they are feeling strong emotion. Looking sideways can indicate distraction or checking out a potential  threat, hut a sideways glance can also show anger.In addition, eyes that look side to side often show shiftiness  and lying. A glance usually indicates a desire for something.Glancing at a door could show a desire to leave the room, while a glance, at a person could indicate a desire to talk to them.A glance is also used when it is forbidden to look at something. A person who is lying to you may hold eye contact longer than normal.In addition, this person might smile with his mouth but not with his eyes.Smiling with the eyes is difficult to do if the emotion is not genuine. Rapid blinking of the eyes can occur when a person is thinking, and this can also be another sign of lying.Again, a person who is aware of this sign might overcompensate  and stare. \n Answer: If he looks up and to the right.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following eye movement shows a dishonest speaker?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-484cd63aae474377a5960163158fd83d",
            "input": "Article: In choosing a friend,one should be very careful.A good friend can help you study.You can have fun together and make each other happy.Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends.They will be with you as long as you have money or luck,but when you are down,they will run away.How do I know when I have found a good friend?I look for certain qualities   of character,especially understanding,honesty and reliability  . Above all,I look for understanding in a friend.A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling.He is not quick to judge.Instead,he tries to learn from others.He puts himself in the other person's place,and he tries to think of ways to be helpful.He is also a good listener. At the same time,however,a good friend is honest.He does not look for faults   in others.He notices their good points.In short,a friend will try to understand me and accept me. Another quality of a friend is reliability.I can always depend on   a good friend.If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time,I can be sure that he will be there.If I need a favor,he will do his best to help me.If I am in trouble,he will not run away from me. There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special.A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun.We should enjoy our lives,and we would enjoy our friendship.That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with.A good friend likes the same things I like.We share experience   and learn from each other.A good friend has a good sense of humor  ,too.He likes to laugh with me.That is how we share in the joy of being friends.And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me. When I meet someone who is reliable,honest,and understanding,I know I've found a friend! \n Answer: Understanding.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend?(  )"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f51a0a2842884caf88b5e26ff1d1f544",
            "input": "Article: It seems like every day there's some new research about whether our favorite drinks are good for us.  One day,  science says a glass of red wine a day will help us live longer. The next day, maybe not.  It seems journalists are pretty interested in wine research and the same might be said for coffee.  Now there's been a lot of research into whether coffee's good for our health \"the results have really been mixed\",admits Neal Freedman who led the coffee study and published his findings in a medical journal recently.   \"There's been some evidence that coffee might increase the risk of certain diseases and there's also  been  maybe  more recent evidence that coffee  may protect against other diseases as well\". Freedman and his colleagues undertook the biggest study yet to look at the relationship between coffee and health.  They analyzed data collected from  more than  400,000 Americans ages 50 to 70 participating in the study.  \"We found that the coffee drinkers had a modestly lower risk of death than the non-drinkers, he said.  Here's what he means by \"modestly\": those who drank at least two or three cups a day were about 10 percent or 15 percent less likely to die for any reason during the 13 years of the study when the researchers looked at specific causes of death, coffee drinking appeared to cut the  risk  of  dying from  heart  disease, lung  disease injuries,  accidents  and infections. Now, Freedman stressed that the study doesn't prove coffee can make people live longer .A study like this can never prove a cause-and-effect relationship.  All it can really do is to point researchers in the right direction for further investigation. And even if it turns out that coffee is really good for you, scientists have no idea why. \n Answer: People who took part in Freedman's research are about 50 to 70 years old.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fc43c66fa3b14748a39b8920048c234d",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever wondered when dogs first became \"man's best friend\" and the world's favourite pet? If you have then you're not alone. When and where dogs first began living side-side with humans are questions that have stirred hot debate among scientists. There are a few hard facts that all agree on. These include that dogs were once wolves and they were the first animal to be domesticated  by humans. They came into lives some 15000 years ago, before the dawn of agriculture. Beyond that, there is little agreement. The earliest bones found that are unquestionable dogs and not wolves date from 14,000 years ago. However, 30,000-year-old skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolf and some scientists think could be dogs. With such puzzling evidence, many scientists are now turning to DNA to find out when and where dogs were first domesticated. In one research project, tens of thousands of blood samples have been taken from street dogs around the world. The plan is to compare them with those of wolves. It's even possible to analyse DNA from ancient bones. Tiny pieces of the 30,000-year-old skulls mentioned earlier are currently being studied, and another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice-fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones. Indeed, the ancient DNA may turn out to be more informative than the DNA of living dogs. Because dogs have accompanied humans around the world for thousands of years, their current distribution may tell us very little of their origins. This is why different groups of scientists believe that dogs variously originated in eastern Asia, Mongolia, Siberia, Europe or Africa. But why were the animals domesticated in the first place? The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out. Today, this is a way of life still shared by three -quarters of a billion unowned dogs worldwide. \n Answer: They were the first animal to be kept as pets",
            "output": [
                "Which is the only statement generally agreed on by scientists studying dogs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fda00313c38046298a2fc4b6905d0c93",
            "input": "Article: A growing number of Chinese are keeping their cash in their wallets this Lunar New Year as the traditional exchange of red packets of money is moving from the physical world into the digital space.      The tradition of giving cash gifts of \"lucky money\" (\"hong bao\" in Chinese) goes back centuries and can be particularly profitable for the young and the unmarried. As the country increasingly adopts online business and e-commerce models, tradition is taking a back seat to convenience as more and more lucky money receivers prefer to receive their money via electronic means. A recent study conducted by Shanghai-based Avanti Rhesearch Partner showed that 58% of respondents   preferred their hong bao directly deposited into their accounts.       The country is becoming increasingly connected --- over 90% of 18 to 30 year olds in China own an Internet-connected smart phone, according to a Global Times survey published last year.       Of course, China's Internet giants have not been slow to capitalize on this trend, with Shenzhen-based Tencent last week launching their \"New Year Red Envelope\" app  , an add-on to its popular WeChat messaging service. The company's over 600 million WeChat users can send each other lucky money, provided both the sender and receiver have signed up to the company's in-app payment service.      \"I am really happy that I can use a new and fashionable way to send my holiday greetings to my family and friends, especially for people who have kids but live far away from us.\" said Mr. Cheng, a user of the service.      The service reportedly banked 18 million RMB ($2.9 million) worth of transfers   in its first 24 hours, according to a report in the Beijing Youth Daily newspaper.      While Tencent's rival Alibaba also has a similar service, called Hong Bao, which launched last year, WeChat's app allows users to randomly distribute up to 200 yuan ($33) within a group of friends, adding a fun element of unpredictability to the process.      Some analysts believe that linking the payments to WeChat's in-app payment service could be a game-changer, as it simplifies the process of paying for micro dealings, potentially making users more likely to make in-app purchases in the future.       \"The tradition of giving red packets is a symbolic gesture,\" said Steve Wang, Chief Economist, Reorient Group. \"It's a new way to get people more comfortable dealing with money online, to expand their user base. It combines the old and the new, and is a great example of the kind of creative idea that we're seeing come out of China these days.\" \n Answer: New Year luck money goes online.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc095358d1d04374864fd45f7e8b1834",
            "input": "Article: Sunscreens   can offer protection from two types of ultraviolet (UV) rays  : UVB, which according to the Skin Cancer Foundation, are the chief cause of sunburn and play a key role in the development of skin cancer, and UVA, which get through the skin more deeply and are largely responsible for skin aging and wrinkling, as well as skin cancer risk. The SPF   measurement on sunscreens refers to the UVB protection level -- and the number may not mean what you think it does. SPF 15 doesn't protect you from 15% of UVB rays, just as SPF 100 doesn't protect you from 100% of the rays. In fact, as you get into the higher numbered SPF sunscreens (think: 50 and above), the difference in UVB protection is actually pretty small. Theoretically, though the increase in UVB protection with a super-high SPF sunscreen may be not worth considering, it may help, and certainly can't hurt, to use it -- that is, as long as you do so correctly. \"The only _ is whether you're giving yourself a sense of false security,\" Dr. Gohara says. Indeed, as Dr. Wang also pointed out, when people choose increased SPFs, they may actually feel so protected by the product that they finally ignore proper sun protection. \"When people use really high SPF products, they tend not to reuse, they tend to stay out in the sun much longer, and they don't use other protective measures such as clothing and hats,\" he says. Regardless of any increase in protection that a high SPF may or may not offer, one thing is certain: It doesn't give your body a free pass from sunburns, aging, or cancers, and it doesn't protect you from those things for any greater length of time than the lower SPF options. Both Dr. Wang and Dr. Gohara emphasized that, no matter what the SPF is, it's important to reapply your sunscreen every two hours. \n Answer: UVA&UVB",
            "output": [
                "What rays can cause skin cancer according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-67bd29ad6e0941b4ab977e450f6279f1",
            "input": "Article: Bluebirds  looking  secretly  from  nest  boxes.  Tadpoles  swimming  in  a  pond.  Tiger swallowtails flying quickly around a butterfly bush. And over here, a class of students watching it all. A field trip to a nature center? No, it's a schoolyard. With some work on your part, it could even be your schoolyard. Interested in building a schoolyard habitat? Here's how to get started. Gather a Team Students can do a lot on their own, but you'll need adults for a project this big. Get teachers, parents,  and  even  the  headmaster  interested.  Don't  forget  the  maintenance staff--they know more about your school's yard than anyone else and can give you lots of help. Also, ask around your neighborhood for gardeners, naturalists, and others willing to give advice. Map Your Site Which part of the schoolyard can you turn  into a habitat? Is there an unused corner of the playground? Part of a lawn or field you could let go wild? You'll need to make a map of the area showing what's  there now. Then  you  can  figure out  how you want  to  change  it. For  that, you need a plan. Plan a Habitat Here's what you'll need to make your area attractive to wildlife. Food: Plant  flowers, bushes,  and  trees. These  provide  seeds, berries,  leaves,  flowers,  and sweet  liquids.  And  all  of  these  feed  birds,  and  insects.  You  can  also  add  some  feeders  for squirrels and birds. Where possible, stick with native plants--wild plants that grow naturally in your area. They need less care, which means less work for you. Water: A  small pond, birdbath, or  even  a  shallow dish  of  clean water  in  the ground will attract birds. Other small animals like insects may visit as well. Shelter: Bushes and trees make great escapes for birds. Tall grass and \"weeds\" are home to grasshoppers, garter  snakes,  and  some  ground-nesting birds. You  can  also  add  stone  piles  and brush piles. Places to Raise Young: Butterflies need special plants to lay their eggs on. Frogs and toads lay eggs only  in shallow water. Many birds use birdhouses; others nest  in  trees and bushes.  In fact, nearly all your shelters may become homes for wild young. Put It on Paper Using the map you made of your area, draw in the changes you want to make. Mark where the plants, nest boxes, and other items will go. Remember, this is a long-term plan--you don't have  to  do  everything  this  spring. Maybe  you  could  put  up  a  few  birdhouses  and  plant  some butterfly bushes now and save the trees and bushes for next year. Even a small start is a big step for wildlife. Reach for Resources To make the habitat happen, you'll need lots of plants, seeds, and other supplies. You'll also need to buy or borrow tools and maybe even some heavy equipment. Now's the time to reach out for donations. Start by asking your parent-teacher organization. Then go to garden clubs, garden stores (they might give you a discount), local government agencies, and businesses. If they can't donate supplies or money, ask if they can donate workers! The workers can help build  the habitat. You'll also need people  to help maintain  it. Some schools ask their students' families to take turns during the summer. Each family maintains  the habitat for a couple of weeks. Build Your Design Now you can dig in. Set a date, and get growing! \n Answer: How to start a wildlife habitat.",
            "output": [
                "What is this article mostly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4348057a73d945a6b4e5ae2604a8e138",
            "input": "Article: The shocking collapse of one of the West Coast's biggest wild salmon runs has prompted even cash-trapped fishermen to call for an unprecedented   shutdown of salmon fishing off the coasts of California and Oregon. The Sacramento River salmon run is usually one of the most productive on the Pacific Coast,providing the bulk of the salmon caught by sport and commercial trollers off California and Oregon. But only about 90,000 adult salmon returned to the Central Valley last fall--the second lowest number on record and well below the number needed to maintain a healthy fishery.That number is projected to fall to a record low of58.000 this year. The council,which regulates Pacific Coast fisheries,will choose between three management options:a total ban on salmon fishing off the coast of California and Oregon;extremely limited fishing in select areas;or catch-and-release fishing for scientific research. For consumers,it will be hard to find any Chinook,also known as king salmon.which are prized by trollers,seafood critics and upscale restaurants.There should still be abundant supplies of farm-raised salmon.but prices could be higher. Biologists and others are trying to figure out what caused the salmon collapse so they can make sure California's Chinook populations rebound. There are many potential factors,because wild salmon are born in streams and rivers, migrate to the ocean when they're juveniles and spend two to four years there before returning to spawn in the areas where they were born.In between they have to navigate the often dangerous waters of the Sacramento Delta and San Francisco Bay. The council has asked state and federal scientists to research possible causes, including water diversions,habitat destruction,dam operations,agricultural pollution,and ocean conditions.Many scientists point out that unusual weather patterns disrupted the marine food chain along the Pacific Coast in 2005,when thousands of seabirds washed up dead or starving because they couldn't find enough to eat. Researchers believe those poor ocean conditions also devastated the juvenile salmon that would have returned to the Central Valley last year.Young Chinook couldn't find the tiny shrimp and fish they depend onto survive. \n Answer: Last fall,there was the second lowest number of grown salmon returning on record.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true about the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c0ef00e19b564d9e80fd5556d2631d9c",
            "input": "Article: 5 Holiday Gifts By Liz Kennedy and Janice Lieberman Your family's life story in print? Priceless. An appetizer plate that holds a wine glass?Genius. Read on to see our picks for the best holiday gifts on the Web--all available at bargain prices. For Your Family Share your life story with your kids and grandkids. Record your answers to 500 questions, from\"What was your engagement proposal like?\" to \"What is a typical family meal?\" This hardcover book is a great way to store your life stories and pass them on for generations to come. Story of a Lifetime: $70 ( 15%discount for 2 ) at www.redenvelope.com For the Entertainer Hold a party with ease with wooden appetizer plates that can be attached to your wine glass. No longer will you have your hands full holding a plate in one and a glass in the other. Instead, be a one-handed wonder at your next party! Wooden Appetizer Plates: $40 ( 5%discount for 4 ) at www.homewetbar.com For the Pet Lover Ever wonder what your pet does when you're out of the room? See the world through your dog's eyes with Uncle Milton's Pet Eye View Camera. This mini video camera clips onto your dog's or cat's collar to give you a glimpse into your pet's secret life. Eye View Camera: $60 ( 10%discount for 3) at www. babyage. com For the Athlete Find a new level of motivation with the Nike+iPod Sports Kit. Listen to your favorite music while Nike records how far you've run, how many calories you've burned, and your personal best times. Upload your data to the Nike website, and see the progress you're making. Nike+iPod Sports kit: $30 (5 %discount for 2) at www. store. nike. com For the Nature Lover A symbol of long life and memory, a Ginkgo Bilobatree is the perfect gift for your earth-conscious friends. The kit includes everything you need to grow a tree. After 10 to 12 years, your tree will stand about 20 feet tall. Ginkgo Tree-to-Be with Personalized Tag: $50 (10 %discount for 3) at www. gifttree. com \n Answer: $190.50",
            "output": [
                "How much would it cost to buy 3 Eye View Cameras and a Nike + IPod Sports Kit?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f54cfe35d834f22941934cbad233684",
            "input": "Article: Tattoos and body piercings have moved up on the trend list in recent years. Around Western schools lots of teens are sporting new holes and \"flesh ink\" . As with all other subjects, the Chinese will surely have to deal with this situation with respect to their children. To get a better view of what has happened in the West, 1et's sit down and hear what they say. Tiara from Indiana: I personally think body piercing is sickening. If there were supposed to be holes in your body,you would have been born with them. I do,however,think that ear piercing is not wrong. There is a difference between ear piercing and belly button piercing. Ear piercing is not nearly as dangerous. I would be sick if someone stuck a needle in my belly button. Lee from Illinois: Hi! I live in Illinois. I am 23. I have 12 tattoos and three piercings. I love my tattoos and consider myself an art collector. You would be surprised at who has given me the thumbs up on my art work. People on the street stop me to look at the tattoo on my leg. Most of them don't know what it is. They just think the work itself is great. Subotai from California: I'm not forbidden of self-expression,but when I see high school students getting these piercings, I really wonder. In some cases, the drive is deeper and darker than mere fashion. A friend of mine tried piercing her own tongue with a safety pin. It got infected and she had a tongue the size of a cow's. Jackson from Ohio: I don't think it is wrong, but when people do it all over the place like their face and everything--I think that's ridiculous. People who get the big \"dragons that cover the whole body--I don't think that's necessary.\" When I see naked chicks on guys, I think, \"You have no respect for women.\" \n Answer: Subotai",
            "output": [
                "Who doesn't think tattoos and piercings except ear piercing are beautiful?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-50150a86c8664445a5d096e575577f65",
            "input": "Article: It was the small hours of the morning when we reached London Airport. I had rung London from Amsterdam, and there was a hired car to meet, but there was one more unfortunate happening before I reached my flat. In all my travels I have never, but for that once, been required by the British customs to open a single bag or to do more than state that I carried no goods liable to duty, or rather, to declare. It was, of course, my fault; the extreme tiredness and nervous tension of the journey had destroyed my normal state of mind. I was, for whichever reason, so tired that I could hardly stand, and to the question, \"have you read this?\" I replied with extreme foolishness, \"Yes, hundreds of times.\" \"And you have nothing to declare?\" \"Nothing.\" \"How long have you been out of this country?\" \"About three months.\" \"And during that time you have acquired nothing?\" \"Nothing but what is on the list I have given you.\" He seemed momentarily at a loss, but then he attacked. The attack, when it came, was completely unexpected. \"Where did you get that watch?\" I could have kicked myself. Two days before, when playing water games with a friend in the bath, I had forgotten to take off my ROLEX OYSTER, and it had, not unnaturally, stopped. I had gone into the market and bought, for no more than ten pounds, an ugly time piece that made a strange noise. It had stopped twice, without any reason, during the journey. I explained, but I had already lost face. I produced my own watch from a pocket, and added that I should be grateful if he would _ the replacement. \"It is not a question of confiscation; you will have it,\" he said, \"there is a fine for failing to declare dutiable goods. And now may I please examine that Rolex?\" It took another quarter of an hour to persuade him that the Rolex was not contraband ; then he began to search my luggage. \n Answer: He can't have noticed the writer's tiredness.",
            "output": [
                "What can we conclude from the questions asked by the customs officer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3ce06a049cdc4919b522b273223e5047",
            "input": "Article: Far from the land of Antarctica, a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod. For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer. Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish's blood and measured its freezing point. The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of -1.88degC and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to -2.05degC. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice-salt mixture. The scientists' next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish's blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein never before seen in the blood of a fish. When _ was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point. Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein. Or AFGP. \n Answer: A special fish living in freezing waters.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-34580139a91a41fda2c9e5d3571d166b",
            "input": "Article: While most people consider that laughter is one of the nature's great treatments for a whole range of mental and physical diseases, it is still a serious scientific subject that researchers are trying to figure out. \"Laughter is social.\" says Robert R. Provine, author of the book \"Laughter: A Scientific Investigation\", who has been studying laughter for decades. \"Almost all people laugh 'ha-ha-ha' basically the same way. Whether you speak Mandarin, French or English, everyone will understand laughter. There is a pattern generator  in our brain that produces this sound. Laughing is also a good way of communicating. Babies laugh long before they speak. No one teaches them how to laugh. They just do it. People may laugh at a prank  on April Fools' day. But surprisingly, only 10 to 15 percent of laughter is the result of someone making a joke. Laughter is mostly about social responses rather than reaction to a joke. Deaf people laugh without hearing and people on cell phones laugh without seeing, which shows that laughter isn't dependent on a single sense but on social interactions. And laughter is not just a human thing. Chimps tickle  each other and even laugh when another chimp pretends to tickle them. Jaak Panksepp studies rats that laugh when he tickles them. It turns out rats love to be tickled. They return again and again to the hands of researchers tickling them, Panksepp's video shows. By studying rats, scientists can figure out what's going on in the brain during laughter. It has been found that laughter in rats produces a chemical that acts as an antidepressant  and anxiety-reducer. Scientists think the same thing probably happens in humans, too. This would give doctors a new chemical target in the brain in their effort to develop drugs that fight depression and anxiety in people. Even so, laughter itself has not been proved to be the best medicine, experts said. \"No study has shown that laughter produces a direct health benefit,\" Provine said, \"largely because it's hard to separate laughter from just feeling good.\" \n Answer: because people can communicate with each other by laughing.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the writer say \"laughter is mostly about social responses rather than reaction to a joke\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-15516ba2160e47c185e661961f4050d6",
            "input": "Article: In modem society there is a great deal of argument about competition.Some value it highly,believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.Others say that competition is bad, that it sets one person against another and that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills.For them,playing well and winning are often life-and-death affair. In their single-minded pursuit of success,the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However,while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed,others take an opposite attitude.In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players,they strongly blame competition.Among _ are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society.Teaching these young people,I often observe in them a desire to fail.They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success .By not trying,they always have an excuse:\"I may have lost,but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try.'' What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost,that would mean a lot.Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly,this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves.Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.Both are afraid of not being valued.Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition. \n Answer: Opinions about competition are different among people.",
            "output": [
                "What does this passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-14060257d0c54e09966a1ca0ea1f58ca",
            "input": "Article: Ibrahim became disabled after contracting polio   when he was three years old. At first his parents, like many other parents of disabled children in Niger, did not want to send him to school. They were worried he would be laughed at by his classmates. Despite his disability, and his parents' doubts, Ibrahim was determined to go to school. \"When I was eight,\" Ibrahim says, \"other kids of my age were going to school while I stayed at home. I did not like that. So, I pestered   my parents until they finally let me go to school.\" Ibrahim's parents sent him to a private school nearby. Although the journey to and from school was a short one, it still wasn't easy for Ibrahim. He had to use his hands to help him move along, protecting them with plastic slippers. But at least he was getting an education. However, after only a year in school, Ibrahim's education was interrupted when his parents separated. His mother did not have the means to continue paying for his tuition. In 2007, Ibrahim received some money to be fitted with a leg brace  , corrective shoes and his first pair of crutches  . Now that he was more mobile than before, the most important thing for him was to find a way to go back to school. \"I wanted to start school again last October,\" Ibrahim says. \"After my mother told me she could not afford it, I went to visit some of my relatives for support. And I collected 5,000 francs CFA (US $8) to pay my tuition for half a year. I will find the rest of the money somehow.\" Ibrahim attends a school in which he is the only disabled student. According to his teacher, he is among the top five students in a class of 55. \n Answer: They were afraid the students would make fun of him.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Ibrahim's parents prefer Ibrahim to stay at home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-54e643f1e3b241d7acd6d33659098953",
            "input": "Article: The number of big-production movies shot in San Francisco has  _ with the rise of digital technology. Instead of going on location, producers can recreate the city's look in studios with the help of computers at lower cost. But San Francisco still attracts moviemakers, as its long history of film offers plenty of iconic  spots to visit. Here are just a few: Alcatraz: The Enforcer (1976), Escape From Alcatraz(1979), Murder in the  First (1995), The Rock (1996) A federal prison from 1934 to 1963, Alcatraz housed notorious criminals. Now a national park, Alcatraz offers visitors a chance to tour the prison, including a look at one of the cells portrayed in Clint Eastwood's Escape from Alcatraz, with the concrete chipped away behind the vent . Fort Point, Golden Gate Bridge: High Anxiety (1977), Foul Play (1978), The Presidio(1988), Dopamine(2003) Built to protect the San Francisco Bay area from attacks during the Civil War, Fort Point is where James Stewart saved Kim Novak in Vertigo, right at the base. The bridge has also been blown up countless times on films, including inX-Men:The last Stand (2006) andMonsters vs. Aliens(2009). The best view is from the north side, looking back to the city.    Coit Tower: The Enforcer, Inner Space(1987), The Presidio, Sister Act 2(1993),  The Rock, Dr. Dolittle (1998), Boys and Girls(2003)    The narrow white concrete column at the top of Telegraph Hill has been a part of San Francisco's skyline since 1933, and offers amazing views of the bay and the city. Coit Tower has been in the backdrop of numerous movies filmed in San Francisco.    City Hall: A view to a Kill(1985),Class Action(1991),Final Analysis(1992),Bedazzled(2000),The Wedding Planner(2001), Milk(2008)    City Hall has one of the largest domes in the world and it replaced a structure destroyed in the 1906 earthquake. It was used at the end of Invasion of the Body Snatchers, and Metro City Hall in the 2010 animated movie,Megamind, was an homage   to San Francisco's City Hall. \n Answer: Fort Point",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following was built during the Civil War?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f216d72a226248b58fa88e083d614fba",
            "input": "Article: In the early part of the twentieth century, racism was widespread in the United States. Many African Americans were not given equal opportunities in education or employment. Marian Anderson (1897-1993) was an African American woman who gained fame as a concert singer in this climate of racism. She was born in Philadelphia and sang in church choirs during her childhood. When she applied for admission to a local music school in 1917, she was turned down because she was black. Unable to attend music school, she began her career as a singer for church gatherings. In 1929, she went to Europe to study voice and spent several years performing there. Her voice was widely praised throughout Europe. Then she returned to the US in 1935 and became a top concert singer after performing at Town Hall in New York City. Racism again affected Anderson in 1939. When it was arranged for her to sing at Constitution Hall in Washington, DC, the Daughters of the American Revolution opposed it because of her color. She sang instead at the Lincoln Memorial for over 75 000 people. In 1955, Anderson became the first black soloist to sing win the Metropolitan Opera of New York City. The famous conductor Toscanini praised her voice as \"heard only once in a hundred years\". She was a US delegate to the United Nations in 1958 and won the UN peace prize in 1977. Anderson eventually triumphed over racism. \n Answer: She sang for religious activities.",
            "output": [
                "According to this passage, what did Marian Anderson do between 1917 and 1929?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69a1349ae72944da9f74c055735ebf68",
            "input": "Article: How men first learned to invent words is unknown, in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters, we call words. The power of words, then, lies in their association--the thing they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and the sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increase.   Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can  _ his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they make our speech silly and impolite. \n Answer: From their association.",
            "output": [
                "Where does the real power of the words come from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-46512e930df94a789786a26078bcf518",
            "input": "Article: As the queen prepares to celebrate her Diamond Jubilee, one of her closest  s and oldest friends has been allowed to give a deep description of the family life of the royals. There have been hundreds of other books declaring to offer a quick look behind the Palace doors, but this is the first written by someone who is closely related to the royal family and has shared their lives----not only throughout the Queen's reign but also through that of her father, King George VI.          The Final Curtseywas written by Her Majesty's cousin and childhood playmate, the Honorable Margaret Rhodes. It tells in detail the story of Mrs. Rhodes's relationship with the royal family over eight decades. The book, showed with delightfully informal and never-before-seen pictures, has been written with the full knowledge of the Queen, who has read and approved parts of it.          Mrs. Rhodes lives on the royal farm in Windsor Great Park, in a house given to her by the Queen in 1980. She tells how it was offered out of the blue one day when she and the Queen---whose 60 years on the throne next year will be marked with many national famous people---were out riding. She suddenly turned around and said, \" Could you bear to live in the suburb?\" Therefore Mrs. Rhodes is now still living here.          Born in 1925, the youngest daughter of the 16thLord Elphinstone and his wife Mary, the Honorable Margaret Rhodes has led an extraordinary life. She was the childhood playmate of her cousin, the Queen; she was a wartime MI6 spy; she was a lady-in-waiting to her aunt, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, from 1991 until the latter's death in 2002. At the Queen's 80thbirthday in April 2006, Margaret gave an interview to the BBC in which she proved that, in her own opinion and despite several false reports, the Queen would not abdicate . Now, at the age of 86, she has written a charming autobiography that paints a first-time close portrait of the private world of the royal family.          Elsewhere in the book she reveals how the Queen Mother was a fan of the TV shows Two Fat Ladies and Dad's Army. Perhaps more surprisingly, she was also a fan of the poet Edith Sitwell and the Poet Laureate Ted Hughes, who was a regular and favoured guest.          Life at Birkhall, the Queen Mother's home of the edge of the Balmoral Estate, is described along with sometimes noisy dinners. Mrs. Rhodes recalls: \"At the end of the meal, Queen Elizabeth would start a series of toasts. As well as 'Hooray for...' with glasses held high, there was even more of ' Down with...' with glasses almost disappearing beneath the table.\" \n Answer: Its author is the Queen's cousin who knows her well.",
            "output": [
                "Compared with other books about the royal family, what is the biggest advantage of The Final Curtsey?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ce5f0d16af8541159fcbdf750cfde261",
            "input": "Article: I wish there would be a way to describe China in simple terms but that's impossible. For the most part Chinese people are friendly, easy-going and optimistic. They are curious and unusually patient and they are also the hardest-working people I have ever met. In China, family is everything. In my English classes when the students were asked what they would do if they only had a few hours to live, most students told me how they would spend their last few hours with their families and parents. Many times the subjects in the classes center on families and friends. I teach many students a year, talking to them freely. The cost of living here is very low compared with that of the US. The city of Xiang Fan I live in isn't large and I live better. Non-imported  foods are very cheap, so are clothing and articles of everyday use. The cost of public transportation is very low, too. Chinese value education. However, it is reported that many children can't afford the expenses of schooling and are forced to leave school in some poor area in China. But they organized Project Hope many years age. It creates conditions for the poor children to go back to school. In my opinion, Project Hope is of great importance to the development of the rural education. When we read news of China in the west, rarely, if ever, will we see anything mentioned of the positive changes China has gone through. While it is true that economic miracles have not reached many areas of China, but we also have the same problems. When I am asked which country I consider better. China or the US, my answer has always been the same, \"We are not worse or better than each other, we are only different.\" \n Answer: He dislikes most Chinese people.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think of Chinese people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-701f69a6be2f413d899a7183e0d0df88",
            "input": "Article: Mozilla has shown off a prototype  for a $25 (PS15) smart phone that is aimed at the developing world. The company, which is famed mostly for its Firefox browser , has partnered with the Chinese low-cost chip maker Spreadtrum. While not as powerful as more expensive models, the phone will run apps and make use of mobile internet. It would appeal to the sorts of people who currently buy cheap \"feature\" phones, analysts said. Feature phones are highly popular in the developing world as a halfway point between \"dumb\" phones --- just voice calls and other basic functions --- and fully-developed smart phones. Mozilla hopes that it will take an early lead in a market that is now being targeted by mobile phone producers who see the developing world as the remaining area for massive growth. It will face fierce competition from bigger, more popular brands, however --- with more announcements of this kind expected over the course of the next couple of days at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona. \"These solutions expand the global accessibility of open web smart phones to first-time and entry-level smart phone buyers by reducing the time and cost required for handset makers to bring these phones to market,\" said Spreadtrum in a press statement. Mozilla said the phone \"redefines\"  the entry-level phone market. The concept of a cheap smart phone may seem likely to appeal to consumers in developed countries, particularly those who locked into long contracts in order to pay part of the cost of the likes of the Apple iPhone and Samsung Galaxy range. But analyst Carolina Milanesi, from Kantar World panel, said it should not be seen as a competitor. \n Answer: It is made by the Chinese low-cost chip maker Spreadtrum.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about the $25 smart phone?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-688bdef26e604efb80c2be3efb0334ff",
            "input": "Article: A window is more than just an opening that you can see through. It can affect the way a building looks,how much energy a building USES and even how you feel.     Scientists are now working on ncw technologies to create\"smart windows\". Unlike normal windows,high-tech smart windows can change from clear to dark and back again with the touch of a button --or even automatically as the outside light  changes. Smart windows have the power to make the world a cleaner and more comfortable place. Instead of turning on air conditioners ,people could simply  _ the windows in a building's empty rooms. With the rooms less bright,they would stay cool,and people would save energy and money at the same time.     That's why smart windows are so exciting. Says Claes Granqvist. He's a professor of physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. If you think that you don't care much about windows,you should think again,Granqvist says. Most people who live in developed countries spend about 90% of their time inside buildings and cars. You might spend even more time than that indoors during the winter if you live in a cold climate.     Imagine then what it would be like if there were no windows. You'd have no idea what's going on outside. So,the light of the nature is important for improving the way people feel when they stay indoors. The development of smart windows could mean that a lot of air-conditioning systems may no longer be needed. \"In the future,\" Granqvist says \"our buildings may look different.\" \n Answer: They can change automatically or by pressing a button.",
            "output": [
                "About the smart windows.which of the following is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c9161af4894e42f0b3eb7374108e5f28",
            "input": "Article: Now I would like to talk to you about your final exam. The exam will be held next Thursday, the last day of the exam week. Remember to bring two or three pens in case they run out of ink. Unlike the midterm exam, this test will not include multiple-choice  questions, it will contain entirely of essays . You will have to answer three of the five essay questions. The exam will be comprehensive , which means you will have to go over all of the subject matters we learnt in class this term. I would suggest you review your midterm exam as well as textbooks and your class notes. The research project will count as 20% and the midterm exam 30%. I will be in my office almost all day next Tuesday. If you run into any problems, please drop in. Good luck to you and I will see you on Tuesday. \n Answer: Next Friday",
            "output": [
                "When will the final exam be held?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3dc79ffd4e6c46fb8684fce184550fc7",
            "input": "Article: When thinking about quitting... List all the reasons why you want to quit. Every night before going to bed, repeat one of the reasons 10 times. Decide surely that you want to quit. Try to avoid negative thoughts about how difficult it might be. Develop strong personal reasons in addition to your health and duties to others. For example, think all the time you waste taking cigarette breaks, rushing out to buy a pack, hunting a light, etc. Set a date for quitting--perhaps a special day like your birthday, or a holiday. If you smoke heavily at work, quit during your vacation. Make the date seriously, and don't let anything change it. Begin to prepare yourself physically: start a modest exercise, drink more water, get plenty of rest. Immediately after quitting... The first few days after you quit, spend as much free time as possible in places where smoking is forbidden, e.g. libraries, museums, theatres, department stores, etc. Drink large quantities of water and fruit juice. Try to avoid wine, coffee, and other drinks, which remind you of cigarette smoking. Start a conversation with someone instead of asking for a match for a cigarette. If you miss the sensation of having a cigarette in your hand, play with something else--a pencil, a pen, or a ruler. If you miss having something in your mouth, try toothpicks or a fake cigarette. \n Answer: When you want a cigarette, try to forget it by starting a conversation with someone.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is best supported by the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8dc29664970e4a81835b72e78e057cb1",
            "input": "Article: China's new term, tuhao, may be in next year's Oxford English Dictionary. The word caught the attention of the dictionary's editing team after BBC's recent program on influential Chinese words. \"If its influence continues, it is very likely to appear on our updated list of words,\" said Julie Kleeman, project manager with the editing team. In Chinese tu means uncouth   and hao means rich. It has traditionally been referred to rich people who _ in China's countryside. The word became more popular in September with the launch of Apple's new gold-colored iPhone, which is loved by China's rich people. The color became known as \"tuhao gold.\" The word is now also used by the online community to refer to people who have the cash but lack the class to go with it. Kleeman also mentioned two other Chinese words -- dama and hukou -- which may also make it into the dictionary. People can have an intuitive   grasp of the meanings if they see pinyin, Kleeman said, adding that people avoid using an English word to keep the original meaning. \"We have nearly 120 Chinese-linked words now in Oxford English Dictionary,\" she said. Some of them are: Guanxi, which means \"connection\"; Taikonaut, a mix of taikong, meaning outer space, and astronaut. The new words will be first uploaded on the official website before the dictionaries arrive. The online version is also renewed every three months. \"It at least broke our old rules. It used to take 10 years to include a new word but now we keep the pace with the time,\" according to a statement from ex-chief-editor John Simpson. \n Answer: Some influential Chinese words appeared on one of BBC's recent programs.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cae07eddf4634ad7873f17de801811de",
            "input": "Article: Rhubarb loved everyone and every dog. Whenever someone came to the house, she was always happy. We had an older Samoyed named Willie, and it was important that Rhubarb got along well with him. She wanted to play, but was very respectful of Willie and left him alone when he was tired and needed to rest. Willie was not well and died about a year later, but I believe Rhubarb's interaction helped him keep going for longer than ifhe had been alone. But the interesting thing about Rhubarb was that she never barked. She would sometimes get excited when she saw a mouse and make a little crying sound. One hot night when she was about 4 years old, we went to bed with the windows open and the doors unlocked. At about 3 a.m., I woke up to the sound of Rhubarb barking and growling. I woke Donald and we got out of bed. Rhubarb was coming toward us with her hackles  up. We turned on the lights and noticed the door to the kitchen was open. Then we saw the door leading into the house from the garage was also open. We quickly locked all the doors, and we did not get any sleep that night. The next day I called the police to report a break-in. I told them nothing had been taken, but they sent a police officer over to talk with us anyway. While he was here, we found out several local homes had been burglarized over the weekend. Most people had their wallets and purses stolen. My purse was right next to the door, but Rhubarb had scared the robber away before he or she could steal it. When the police officer left, he said we should keep our doors locked and reward Rhubarb with a big steak dinner. Rhubarb lived to be almost 12, but that night was the only time she barked in her entire life. Fortunately, she never saw the need to warn us of any other danger. We loved her like a member of the family and still miss our sweet dog. \n Answer: The doors were unlocked.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Rhubarb bark on a hot night?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cd197732682843f986f37f9d39e504fd",
            "input": "Article: A clique(,) is a group of friends who hang out together and act in similar ways. Cliques are common feature of the teen years. Members of a clique usually have certain things in common. For example, they might all be good students. Membership in a clique is limited. Not everyone who wants to belong can join. Cliques can have a positive or negative influence. Because most teens have a strong need to belong, they want to feel that they fit into a group. Cliques can help them meet this need. Sometimes teens feel unsure of themselves, and they use a clique to gain approval of what they wear or how they act. Cliques can become harmful, however, if they pressure members to behave the same way as the group that may damage their health. Cliques may discourage members from making their own decisions, giving their own opinions, or having other friends who aren't accepted by the clique. Cliques may even pressure members to act in ways that go against their own values and beliefs, such as lying to parents or teachers. Cliques can also hurt people outside the group. For example, members might make fun of a teen who isn't in the clique. If you find yourself under this type of pressure from a clique, here are some actions you can take to improve your situation. * Suggest other activities. Offer ideas that don't involve hurting others or putting anyone at risk. * Find new friends. If staying in the clique is becoming a negative experience, you will be better off with new friends. \n Answer: Because it meets teens' need of belonging.",
            "output": [
                "Why do teens want to be a member of a clique?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2760329a5a764ba0af0cd797f13e09b0",
            "input": "Article: Texting pedestrians aren' t just an annoyance to their fellow walkers, but something dangerous to themselves. \"I was checking emails while walking to work this morning,\" said Wolbert van den Hoorn. \"But it has a serious influence on the safety of people who type or read text while walking. \" Anecdotes back him up. A tourist from Taiwan walked off a port near Melbourne last month while checking Facebook-bringing an abrupt, and icy end to a penguin-watching visit. Another shopper in the U.S. was too addicted to his mobile phone to notice the fountain ahead, walking straight into it. And as mobile-phone use has grown-to about 77% of the world's population, the study says-so has the number of phone-related accidents. The number of U. S. emergency-room visits linked to phone use on the move doubled to as many as l,500 between 2005 and 2010, an Ohio State University study recently showed. Authorities world-wide have taken note. Signs on Hong Kong's subway system advise passengers in three languages to keep their eyes off their phones. Police and transport authorities have also warned the danger in Singapore, where the Straits Times newspaper ranked it as \"No.2 Bad Habit\", due to the rising number of road deaths. Some U.S. states, including New York and Arkansas, are even considering bans on this act. The Australian study used 26 volunteers, a third of whom admitted having hit objects while texting. They were fitted with different equipment in different parts of their body, and asked to walk 8.5 meters three times-once without a phone, once while reading a text and once while writing a text-while eight cameras captured the action. Volunteers using the phone walked slower and with shorter steps (and slowest of all when typing), and, more seriously, they locked their arms and elbows in-like \"robots\", in the researchers' words. That forced their heads to move more, throwing them off balance. \"In a pedestrian environment, inability to maintain a straight path would be likely to increase potential for hits, falls and traffic accidents,\" said Mr. van den Hoorn. \"The best thing to do is to step aside and stop, or keep off the phone.\" \n Answer: People who phone while walking.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about \"Texting pedestrians\" is WRONG?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87602737bb0b405da47f125e4dae8254",
            "input": "Article: Join the Family Read-Aloud Celebration, held by the Gonda Family Library and the Family School Alliance at UCLA Lab School, from February 21 to March 14,2014. We ask you to spend time reading aloud to your children at least 20 minutes each day.We hope to help families develop a habit of reading aloud every day throughout and beyond primary school. We'll finish the celebration with a party on March 14 for the whole school. Ways to join: * Visit Book Corner for reading aloud suggestions. Come to the start of the activity on Friday, Feb, 21. * Add books to our list of favorite read aloud * Send us a photo of your family reading together (jkan,tor@ucta. edu). We will share it at the party. *  Record your family's reading journey! . *  Join us for th< party on March 14,57 p. rn. Go on a reading journey! Books can introduce your family to interesting people, exciting places, adventures and information. Let your journeys take you through these categories: *Fiction            *  Picture books        *  Poetry *Science            *  History              *  Sports *Arts               * other Non-Fiction     * Benefits of Reading Aloud Reading aloud helps a cloud to read with pleasure, create background knowledge, and build vocabulary.  It also provides children with a reading model. Reading aloud doesn't just benefit young children. Parents should continue reading aloud as their children grow because listening comprehension is more important than reading skills in middle school. Jim Trelease, in his Read-Aloud Handbook, has noted that almost as big a mistake as not reading to children at all is stopping too soon  Until about the eighth grade, children listen and comprehend on a higher level than their reading skills allow them to read independently, This means children can hear and understand stories that are more difficult and more interesting than anything they can read on their own \n Answer: To get families into the habit of reading aloud.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the Family Read-Aloud Celebration?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a5eb49b1a8e44927b6b1a8e7c68404d1",
            "input": "Article: It's generally thought to be impolite not to give waiters some money as a tip after getting good services in western countries. However, hard economic times mean tourists are giving fewer tips, according to a survey .    As many as one third of holidaymakers are giving smaller tips or have stopped tipping entirely, the survey by TripAdvisor found. Also, only 46% of British always know what is expected in the way of tips in other countries. The survey of 5,595 travellers, including 1,197 from the UK, showed that 41% of European travellers were tipping less or not at all this year. A total of 63% of European travellers knew how to tip in other countries, with Italians coming first.    The survey also showed that 29% of British tended to give the same amount in tips whatever country they were in. As many as 8% of British said they had had a holiday ruined by a bad tipping experience, while 16% said they they had been once in a situaiton where the waiter complained about the amount of the tip. Also, 12% of British said tipping on holiday made them nervous, while 22% said  _ . TripAdvisor spokeswoman Emma Shaw said: \"It's been a challenging year for the British economy and Brits are spending very carefully. While the majority are still rewarding good service on holidays with tips, many Brits are giving smaller tips as cost-saving continues to be important.\" \n Answer: They don't know how to tip in other countries.",
            "output": [
                "Why do the tourists give fewer tips?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-43e1534738d3485dbfc2d987bfed15db",
            "input": "Article: One Canada, Two Languages Canada is one of the few nations in the world to have two official languages: English and French. There are 10 provinces in the country but only one of these--Quebec is known as \"French Canada\". This is because it was founded by French explorers while British adventurers discovered the rest. Canada left the British empire  in 1867 to become an independent country, and English and French have been recognized as the official languages ever since. Most people speak English as their first language and the two national television networks broadcast in English throughout the country. Apart from in Quebec and a few places on the east coast, French television is very rare. The same goes for traffic signs and menus. For example, outside of Quebec, there are only a few places where you'll see traffic signs in French. In restaurants, it's almost impossible to find French on the menu unless you are in the heartland of French Canada. However, all products sold in Canada must, by law, have labels and instructions in both languages. In Canada's English speaking provinces, official bilingualism  means that students can choose to complete a special French language course. Under this programme, they are taught most of their subjects in French. If a student begins the course in kindergarten  or Grade One, it is likely that all their lessons will be in French. However, if they start at junior high school,25 per cent of the teaching will continue to be in English. \n Answer: Ten.",
            "output": [
                "How many provinces are there in Canada?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-db001d6a68ef4561b10a3b68e2a65168",
            "input": "Article: Steven Jobs was born on February 24,1955,in  San Francisco,California,and was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs.In 1961 the family moved to Mountain View, California.At that time people started to refer to the area as \"Silicon Valley\". As a child, Jobs preferred doing things by himself, not interested in team sports or other group activities.He enrolled in the HewlettPackard Explorer Club. There he saw his first computer at the age of twelve. He was very impressed, and knew right away that he wanted to work with computers. At that time almost all computers were so large that one could fill a room, and so costly that individuals could not afford to buy them.Advances in electronics, however, meant that the parts of a computer were getting smaller and the power of the computer was increasing. By 1980 the personal computer era was well underway.Apple was continually forced to improve its products to remain ahead, as more competitors entered the marketplace. Apple introduced the Apple III, but the new model suffered technical and marketing problems.It was removed from the market. Early in 1983 Jobs unveiled the Lisa.It did not sell well,however,  because  it  was  more  expensive  than  personal computers sold by competitors.Apple's biggest competitor was International Business Machines  (IBM). By 1983 it was estimated that Apple had lost half of its market share ( part of an industry's sales that a specific company has) to IBM. In 1984 Apple introduced a revolutionary new model, the Macintosh.The Macintosh did not sell well to businesses,however.It lacked features other personal computers had, such as a corresponding high quality printer. The failure of the Macintosh signaled the beginning of Jobs's downfall at Apple. Late in 1988 the NeXT computer was introduced, aimed at the educational market.The product was very userfriendly,and had a fast processing speed, excellent graphics displays,and an outstanding sound system.Despite the warm reception,however, the NeXT machine never caught on. It was too costly, had a blackandwhite screen, and could not be linked to other computers or run common software. \n Answer: In 1980.",
            "output": [
                "When did Steven Jobs first get the chance to catch sight of a computer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-78f73d9e4cd54b70bbffd9203203effc",
            "input": "Article: This story is about a 92-year-old, short, well-behaved and proud lady. She is fully dressed each morning by eight, with her hair fashionably done and makeup perfectly applied, even though she is totally blind. She is moving to a nursing home today. Her husband of 70 years recently passed away, making the move necessary. After many hours of waiting patiently in the hall of the nursing home, she moved to the elevator, I provided a visual description of her tiny room, including the eyelet  sheets that had been hung on her window.\"I love it,\" she stated with the enthusiasm of an eight-year-old girl having just been presented with a new puppy. \"Mrs. Jones, you haven't seen the room yet. Just wait.\" \"That doesn't have anything to do with it,\" she replied. \"Happiness is something you decide on ahead of time. Whether I like my room or not doesn't depend on how the furniture is arranged, it's a decision I make every morning when I wake up.\" \"I have a choice; I can spend the day in bed recounting  the difficulty I have with the parts of my body that no longer work, or get out of bed and be thankful for the ones that do. Each day is a gift, and as long as my eyes open I'll focus on the new day and all the happy memories I've stored away, just for this time in my life. Old age is like a bank account, you withdraw  from what you've put in. So, my advice to you would be to deposit  a lot of happiness in the bank account of memories. Thank you for your part in filling my memory bank. I am still depositing.\" \n Answer: Her husband has passed away.",
            "output": [
                "Which is the direct reason for the lady's move to a nursing home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5bee92812b2442faa320a778cda82518",
            "input": "Article: People aren't walking any more---if they can figure out a way to avoid it.. I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn't in any hurry, either. I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis. It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune, for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as good day's walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I raced -and beat--a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Stature of Liberty. Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for the heart. But a well-known British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrahams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise. A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And walking is an ideal form of exercise--- the most familiar and natural of all. It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flower, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world. He cannot learn in a car. The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don't dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is _ r thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green. I say that the green of forests is the mind's best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting. \n Answer: Climbing stairs too much.",
            "output": [
                "What is the national sickness?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-42c9137fefba4188be7cc6dce7bc589a",
            "input": "Article: I IMCKKD up the phone. Without so much as a hello ,a voice said: \"What's new? We have an eagle in the backyard. It look me three second* lo recognize my nephew's a voice. He was excited. \"He's sitting on top of a dead tree in the backyard .He's been there a long lime. We're tilling in the sunroom watching him.\" But actually, my nephew is blind. Ketinitis pigmentosa brgan stealing his sight when he was 12. He' s in his 20s now. \"It's a big thing. Dad said it must have a wingspan of 6 feet (1.88 meters). We've got an eagle out hack!\" I could believe they had the rare pleasure of spotting an eagle. What I couldn't believe was that my nephew, without sight, was giving the comment. It shouldn't have been that surprising,really? His sight might be gone, but he sees plenty. From memory, mostly; from conventions around him; from listening to television and radio. He has an amazing memory. We took him into town with us when we were visiting his parents once. Our GPS wasn' t working, so he gave us directions turn by turn, complete with landmarks, approximate distances and cautions on curves in the road. He knew exactly where we were and got us to where wanted to go. Second to his family, there are two things that have been important in this young man's life: a guide dog and a job. The guide dog gave him the confidence he didn't know he had. The job, \"well\" as his dad said: \"Having a job makes him like everybody else. Now, he has something to come home and complain about at the end of the day.\" I never have a conversation with my nephew without asking about his job in case lie wants to complain. But I know-and I know that he knows work is a gift. We were created to work. We were made to produce goods and services, to invent and solve problems. Work is what drags us out of bed in the morning. Work gives us something to do and somewhere to go. If that doesn't I sound like a big deal, talk to someone who' s unemployed. It is working hard that enhances the lime that you don't work, from kicking back and reading a book to watching an eagle in your backyard. \n Answer: Despite being blind, her nephew described the eagle as if he could really see it.",
            "output": [
                "What surprised the author when she received her nephew's phone call?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a188ba2f7a284e0b94ec6e3b3ac0d6bf",
            "input": "Article: When Christina Brouder was five years old, a drunk driver ran over her as she and her father were crossing the street in front of their home.Hurt badly, the young girl was forced to spend a long time in a full-body cast  to recover from her injuries.Mostly, she traveled between the hospital and her home.Once out of the cast, Brouder sat in a wheelchair for almost a year. In spite of the horrible accident, Christina was grateful for her recovery.She was so grateful, in fact, that she and her four talented siblings ( three sisters and a brother) started a music group, Gilbride.The group performed at local hospitals and nursing homes, performing for the patients.Among them, the children could sing, dance and play about 20 different musical instruments.At their first show in 1988, held at Montefiore Hospital, the kids were 2,3,6,8 and 9 years old.That year alone, the group made over a hundred appearances. From the local public entertainment places, the group expanded to charity performances.They also entertained people at Disney World, Radio City Music Hall, and even the White House. Christina balanced her happy and successful musical career with academics.First graduating from New York City's High School of Music and Art,and then from Fordham.In 2000,as t he youngest graduate from Fordham,1 8year--old Christina and her siblings went on tour for a year.Not pleased with the applause she received from the audience, she entered Pace University Law School.On May 19,Christina Brouder realized part of her dream when at only 22,she received Health Law Certificate . \n Answer: She was seriously injured in a traffic accident.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to Christina when she was five years old?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-118cafac0a8d485b993ad6af41e334a4",
            "input": "Article: Could a grizzly bear move to your neighborhood? If you live in the U.S. West, the answer may be yes. People and grizzly bears are living closer together now. The grizzly bear is one of the largest meat-eating land animals in North America. In the early 1800s, about 50,000 grizzly bears lived there. Today there're far fewer bears. Settlers built cities and roads where bears lived. Many bears were hunted and killed. Now only 1,200 to 1,400 grizzly bears have remained. In and around Yellowstone National Park, grizzly bears have been making a comeback because of people's efforts to protect them. Some bears are moving to areas where people live. People are also moving into grizzly countries. People there have to learn how to live with their new, furry   neighbors peacefully. If someone leaves their barbecue grill out overnight, or leaves their pet food or rubbish where a bear can get it, the bear will learn to come to their house for food. Grizzly bears that learn to eat people's food can become dangerous, and they often have to be killed or moved. Also, it's important not to surprise a grizzly. Besides, if you are hiking in a grizzly country, you should go with others and make a noise to make bears hear your coming and get out of the way. You may not want to invite grizzly bears to your next neighborhood party, but with a little effort, grizzly bears and people can live together peacefully. \n Answer: Land for them to live on is limited and they are hunted in large numbers.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the number of grizzly bears get smaller, according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e83855b1de3640049c4f761edddc375e",
            "input": "Article: In spite of the uncertainty of the economy, the movie industry has been stricken by a box-office outburst. Suddenly it seems as if everyone is going to the movies, with ticket sales this year up 17.5 percent, to $1.7 billion. And it is not just because ticket prices are higher. Attendance has also jumped, by nearly 16 percent. If that pace continues through the year, it would amount to the biggest box-office increase in at least two decades. Americans, for the moment, just want to hide in a very dark place. People want to forget their troubles, and they want to be with other people. Helping feed the outburst is the mix of movies, which have been more audience-friendly in recent months as the studios have tried to adjust after the discouraging sales of more serious films. As she stood in line at the 18-screen Bridge theater complex here on Thursday to buy weekend tickets for _ : The 3D Concert Experience,\" Angel Hernandez was not thinking much about escaping reality. Instead, Ms. Hernandez, a Los Angeles parking lot attendant and mother of four young girls, was focused on one very specific reality: her wallet. \"Spending hundreds of dollars to take them to _ is ridiculous right now,\" she said. \"For $60 and some candy money I can still be a good mom and give them a little fun.\" A lot of parents may have been thinking the same thing Friday, as \"Jonas Brothers\" sold out more than 800 theaters, and was expected to sell a powerful $25 million or more in tickets. The film industry appears to have had a hand in its recent good luck. Over the last year or two, studios have released movies that are happier, scarier or just less depressing than what came before. After poor results for a rush of serious dramas built around the Middle East, Hollywood got back to comedies. \n Answer: People are richer with the development of economy.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not a reason for the improvement of the movie industry?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3094c8914e2142c7b4b53d19ea2b1126",
            "input": "Article: I felt encouraged by his words and began to swim more calmly.But my clothes stuck to me like a heavy weight.I could hardly stay above the surface. Counsel saw this.\"Shall I cut them?\"he asked. With a knife he cut my clothes from top to bottom and took them of quickly while I swam for both of us. Then I did the same for Counsel,and we continued to swim near each other. But we were in serious trouble.The crew might not have noticed our disappearance. And if they had,they could not return because the rudder had broken.Counsel thought of all this,and calmly made his plans.We decided to wait for the ship as long as possible,because we had no other hope of safety.I suggested that we save our strength so that both of us would not be tired out at the same time.This was how we did it:While one of us lay on his back,quite _ ,with arms crossed and legs stretched out ,the other would swim and push him along.We changed every ten minutes or so.In this way we could swim for hours,perhaps till daylight.The crash of the ship and the whale had appeared at about eleven o'clock.We had about eight hours to swim before daylight.This seemed possible,if the sea remained calm. \n Answer: He was thrown into the sea when the ship struck a whale.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the man who told the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-faad3238933342038de3eecabbe5ed81",
            "input": "Article: A new study revealed that the formation of the Earth, Sun and Moon that cause changes in Earth's tides can also trigger a special kind of Earthquake along the California's San Andreas Fault . The study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Science,is based on previous researcher suggesting that the gravitational tug of sun and moon is not only affecting the sea levels of Earth, but can also stretch and compress that Earth's crust, producing tremors and quakes. Furthermore, the new study showed that small tremors deep underground were more likely to occur during certain periods of the tidal cycle. For the study, the researchers looked at about 81,000 low-frequency earthquakes from 2008 to 2015 along the Parkfield section of the San Andreas Fault and compared it to the two-week tidal cycle known as the \"fortnightly tide,\" Low-frequency earthquakes are named due to the rumbling sound they make and not by the rate of its occurrence. These kinds of earthquake only occur about 15 to 30 kilometers below ground and are no larger than magnitude 1 in the Richter scale. The researchers discovered that low-frequency earthquakes tend to occur during the waxing period of the tidal cycle, when the tides are getting little by little. It is already known that the strongest Earth tides occur when the sun and moon are in a straight line, while the tide is at its weakest state when the sun and moon are 90 degrees apart. According to the researchers, low-frequency earthquakes show that some part of the San Andreas Fault is creeping, or slowly moving, almost all the time. With the help of the tidal forces, low-frequency earthquakes could provide more information about the deeper part of the fault. \"They tell us that the fault continues down below where the regular or typical earthquakes stop on the San Andreas, about 10 or 12 km (about 6 to 7 miles),\" said David Shelly, a seismologist at USGS and helped write the study, in a statement. \"And they tell us a lot of things about that deep part of the fault that we had no idea existed at all before.\" \"It's almost like having a lot of little creep meters embedded in the fault,\"Shelly said. \"We can use these low-frequency earthquakes as measurements of, at least in a   sense, how much slip is happening at each little spot on the deep part of the fault where we see these events. When we don't see them, we don't know what's happening; we don't know whether it,s slipping silently or not slipping at all.\" The information is incredibly useful, he added. Whenever the deep part of the fault slips, the stress gets transferred to the shallow part of the fault. \"So if all of a sudden, we saw that the deep part of the fault was slipping a huge amount, it might be an indication that there was an increased chance of having an earthquake come at the shallower part of the fault\" he said. \n Answer: The movement of creeping in the deep part of the San Andres Fault.",
            "output": [
                "What causes tremors and quakes according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae19a7a085914802a57fbc3ca904dfea",
            "input": "Article: China needs to set absolute restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions  if it is to fulfill its aim to set up a carbon market over the next five years, a cabinet office think tank said in a paper. \"It is only under an absolute emissions cap that carbon emission permits will become a scarce resource and possess the qualities of a commodity,\" the State Council\"s Development and Research Center said in a paper in Seeking Truth, a magazine published by the ruling party. China has traditionally baulked  at the idea of emissions caps either on a regional basis or for industrial sectors, invoking a key Kyoto protocol principle that puts most of the burden of cutting green-house gases on developed countries. China, the world 's biggest emitter of greenhouse gases, has also been under external pressure to make stronger commitments in the battle against global warming .The country has been the biggest beneficiary  of the Clean Development Mechanism, a UN-backed scheme that allows industrialized countries to meet their CO2 reduction targets by purchasing certified emission reductions or CERs from low-carbon projects launched in developing nations. However, the European Union, the biggest buyer of CERs, has said it will not accept CERs generated by Chinese projects once the first phase of its Emissions Trading Scheme ends in 2012, though projects already registered will remain valid. \n Answer: to set up a carbon market",
            "output": [
                "What does China hope to do in the next five years?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c748f5c8b8b341b8a07848f3470b970e",
            "input": "Article: My trip with my sister and my daughter to Manhattan wedding gown(,) shop, cannot be understood without further focusing on Marina, my 14-year-old daughter Ive asked to try on dresses. This was the girl I took to Kleinfeld, the fancy store featured on the television program Say Yes to the Dress. As the trip approached, I asked Marina if she was excited. Sure, Mom. shed say, shrugging. Marina was more excited about getting a tattoo  on her ankle to represent my fight with ALS  than trying on $ 10,000 wedding gowns. My sister, Stephanie, had arranged for a car with a wheelchair lift to drive us from the hotel to Kleinfeld. The car driver wheeled me in. At Kleinfeld with flower arrangements ten feet high, I felt like rolling into a dream. \"Wow!\" I said. I was wearing a new black outfit. Marina wore jean shorts, a sleeveless  shirt, and sneakers. _ . The kind Kleinfeld ladies pointed out rooms like tour guides, naming the designers one by one on display: Alita Grham, Pnina Tornai... With Marina walking beside me, Stephanie pushed my chair up and down rows and rows of dresses that made Princess Diana's dress look modest. Marina didn't say a word. We turned a corner into the storage room, where hundreds of dresses hung in plastic protector sleeves. Marina and I were overwhelmed. \"Want to try one on ?\" I said, touching Marina's hand. \"OK,\" Marina said in her sharp, unsure voice. \"Tell them the style you'd like.\" Marina stood silent. I felt bad for bringing her, for forcing such an adult experience on a child. Marina picked an A-line dress. Or, more precisely, the ladies of Kleinfeld picked it for her. Marina was too shocked to do more than nod. As she took the gown into the dressing room, I tried not to think of my little girl on her wedding day or of her as a baby in my arms. I tried not to think of her with her own baby in her arms one day. I tried not to think of Marina right now, embarrassed by her mother's plans, by things she could not and should not yet understand. I am leaving money in my will for Marina's wedding dress. Stephanie has promised to bring her back to Kleinfeld to purchase it. \"No pure white!\" I said to Stephanie. \"Ivory. Not too much tulle . Think lace.\" \"Think royalty when picking a dress,\" I advised Steph as we waited outside the dressing room. \"Think Princes Kate. Elegant. Think long sleeves. They make dresses more formal.\" Marina came out, sleeveless, flared . She looked like a 14-year-old girl in the middle of a giant cupcake. \"I don't like the loose gown.\" she said. That's my girl! \"How about trying on one with long sleeves?\" I asked her. The ladies brought out a dress with long lace sleeves, an Empire collar, a ruched  fitted waist, and a long, smooth silk skirt. Marina disappeared into the dressing room. When the door opened, she looked a foot taller and a decade older. I could clearly see the beautiful woman she will be one day. I simply stared. What do you do when you glimpse a moment you will not live to see? I dipped my head. Breathe, I told myself. I looked up. I smiled. Marina smiled back. I worked my tongue into position to speak. \"I like it,\" I said. In that dress, Marina stood straight, shining brightly, and tall. \"You are beautiful,\" I whispered, my tongue barely cooperating. I don't know if she heard me. We took some photos. And moved on. A memory made. \n Answer: The mother was disabled and unable to move around without a wheelchair.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-43dbc6142e374b8f925444fe890d4f73",
            "input": "Article: A primary school in UK has banned Valentine's Day cards because of concerns that young pupils spend too much time talking about boyfriends and girlfriends. Ashcombe Primary School in WestonSuperMare,Somerset,has told parents that cards declaring love can be\"confusing\" for children under the age of 11,who are still emotionally and socially developing. In this month's newsletter ,Peter Turner,the head teacher,warned that any cards found in school would be confiscated .He wrote:\"We do not wish to see any Valentine's Day cards in school this year. Some children and parents encourage a lot of talk about boyfriends and girlfriends. We believe that such ideas should wait until children are mature enough emotionally and socially to understand the commitment involved in having or being a boyfriend or girlfriend.\"Mr.Turner said any families wanting to support the Valentine's Day idea should send cards in the post or deliver them to home addresses by hand. His views were _ by Ruth Rice,46,who has twins Harriet and Olivia at the school. She said,\"Children at that age shouldn't really be thinking about Valentine's Day,they should be concentrating on their schoolwork.\"They are at an age when they are impressionable and most parents including myself are with Mr.Turner. \"She added that the cards cause\" too much competition. If someone gets a card and another doesn't,then someone will be disappointed. However,Rajeev Takyar,40,who has two children Jai,11,and Aryan,five,at the school,said he was \"outraged\".He said,\"There are schools that have banned conkers and snowballs,and now Valentine's Cards.\"I think banning the cards stops children from having social skills. How are they going to learn about relationships otherwise?It's ridiculous. Alec Suttenwood,father of three children,said of the ban:\"It's totally ridiculous. Young children just send the cards to each other as friends and to their parents. It's just a bit of harmless fun. There is no difference between this and Mother's or Father's Day.\" \n Answer: Ban on Valentine's Day cards at school causes argument.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7cd6b1e7140c40db8618cb10f27c7f19",
            "input": "Article: Robert Kohout, 39, was working outside his home last October when he heard a frightening noise. He turned round and saw Walter Graham's car sinking into 8 feet of water of the inground swimming pool a little distance away from his yard. Kohout immediately called to Graham's wife, Evelyn, to phone 911. Then he ran back to his house to get Terence Reif and Glenn Fajardo to help, who were at work inside the house. \"There was no time for second thoughts,\" said Reif, a farmer's son. \"The only thing to do is to get in the pool.\" The car doors were locked. Graham, 73, was unconscious, and his was rapidly filling with water. Reif struggled to break the driver's side window with a hammer but had trouble getting it done underwater. Finally, some four minutes after the car had fallen into the pool, the glass was broken. By then, Graham was floating at the top of the flooded passenger compartment. The three men pulled Graham out through the broken glass. He wasn't breathing and his heart stopped beating, so they performed mouth-to-mouth . The rescue team arrived in no time. Doctors supplied him with advanced life support on the way to the hospital. \"These people were getting to Graham through the glass,\" said Dr. Jeff. \"All three acted without regard for their own safety.\" Added Evelyn Graham, \"they were truly angels, watching over us\". \n Answer: Robert's wife and son.",
            "output": [
                "Who may Terence Reif and Glenn Fajardo most probably be?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b4e62edd80a84200b456fd86b27011e9",
            "input": "Article: As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting generally produces the best results. That's partially because it appears people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and exert more effort, to achieve those goals.  What are far less understood by scientists, however, are the potentially harmful effects of goal-setting. There has been surprisingly little research on how the practice may have contributed to the current economic crisis and unethical  behavior in general. \"Goals are widely used and promoted as having really beneficial effects. And yet, the same motivation that can push people to exert more effort in a constructive way could also motivate people to be more likely to engage in unethical behaviors,\" says Maurice Schweitzer, an associate professor of operations and information management at Penn's Wharton School. His paper, titled \"Goals Gone Wild: The Systematic Side Effects of Over-Prescribing Goal Setting,\" appears in the February issue of the Academy of Management Perspectives.  \"It turns out there's no economic benefit to just having a goal-you just get a psychological benefit and that's quite motivating in itself,\" Schweitzer says. \"But in many cases, goals have economic rewards that make them more powerful.\" A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues give is the 2004 closing down of energy-trading titan Enron, where managers used financial rewards to motivate salesmen to meet specific sales goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is the actual trades were not earning money. Other studies have shown that pressing employees with unrealistic goals can force them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the case, Schweitzer says, in the early 1990s when Sears imposed a sales target on its auto repair staff. It resulted in employees overcharging for work and completing unnecessary repairs on a companywide basis. Schweitzer admits his research run against a very large body of literature that praises the many benefits of goal-setting. Edwin A. Locke, from the University of Maryland, College Park, and Gary P. Latham, from the University of Toronto, write: \"Goal setting is not going away. Organizations cannot develop without being focused on their desired results any more than an individual can develop without goals to provide a sense of purpose.\" The debate is likely to be popular on in future papers, and the practice of setting goals no doubt will continue. For now, though, the lesson seems to be to put more thought into setting goals. \"They really do help to coordinate and motivate people. My idea would be to combine that with careful observation, a strong organizational culture, and make sure the goals that you use are going to be constructive and not significantly harm the organization,\" Schweitzer says. \n Answer: The goal most people set are unrealistic.",
            "output": [
                "What message does the author try to get across about goal-setting?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d04c0b3d1bad40208af54078ef696dea",
            "input": "Article: A bully  is a boy or a girl who acts mean (unkind) or hurtful to others, especially weaker persons bullies sometimes hit, kick, or push people, and they sometimes use words to call names or scare them. A bully might say mean things about someone, take a kid's possessions or make fun of someone on purpose. Some bullies force people to do things they don't want to do. Why do bullies act so badly? Just to look for attention. They might think bullying is a way to be popular or a way to get what they want. Most bullies are trying to make themselves felt more important-when they pick on someone else, it makes them fell big and powerful. Some bullies come from families where everyone around has a normal way to act. Some bullies are copying what they've seen someone else do. Some have been bullied themselves. Bullying can be a big pain, but you don't have to let bullying you. Sometimes just acting bravely is enough to stop a bully. If you walk by and hold your head high as though you're not afraid, a bully may be less likely to give you trouble. Bullies want a big reaction to their meanness. Acting as if you don't notice and don't care is like giving no reaction at all, and this just might stop a bully's behavior. If you are being bullied, it's very important to tell an adult. Teachers, principals, parents, and lunchroom helpers at school can all help to stop bullying. Don't hit, kick, or push back to deal with someone bullying you or your friends. Fighting back just satisfies a bully, and it's dangerous, too, because someone could get hurt. \n Answer: Acting bravely and fight back.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is advisable if you are being bullied?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-902473241f7b48e283832d292b6ff8ac",
            "input": "Article: Boom boom!( I'm here, come to me!) Krak krak!( Watch out, aleopard  !) Hok hok hok!( Hey, crowned eagle!) Very good -- you've already mastered half the basic vocabulary of the Campbell's monkey, which lives in the forests of the Tai National Park in Ivory Coast. The adult males have six types of call, each with a specific meaning, but they can mix two or more calls together into a message with a different meaning. Having spent months recording the monkeys' calls in response to both natural and artificialstimuli , a group led by Klaus Zuberbuhler of the University of St. Andrews in Scotland argues that the Campbell's monkeys have a certain form ofsyntax . This is likely to be controversial because despite great effort to teachchimpanzees  language, they showed little or no ability to combine the sounds they learned into a sentence with a larger meaning. Syntax, basic to the structure of language, uniquely belongs to humans. \"Krak\" is a call that warns of leopards in the neighborhood. The monkeys give it in response to real leopards and to leopard shouting broadcast by the researchers. The monkeys can vary the call by adding \"-oo\": \"Krak-oo\" seems to be a general word for hunter, but one given in a special context - when monkeys hear but don't see a hunter, or when they hear the alarm calls of another species. The \"boom-boom\" call invites other monkeys to come toward the male making the sound. Two booms can be combined with a series of \"krak-oos\", with a meaning entirely different to that of either of its single parts. \"Boom boom krak-oo krak-oo krak-oo\" is the monkey's version of \"Timber!\" - it warns of falling trees. If Zuberbuhler is correct, the Campbell's monkeys can both vary the meaning of specific calls by adding something and combine calls to make a different meaning. \n Answer: Calls of Campbell's monkeys.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-888403c179ae4cb08d3321bbdf59e9af",
            "input": "Article: Lillian was a young girl who grew up in a village. At the age of 16, her father forced her to drop out of school and find a job to help the family. With limited education, skills and hope, she would take the bus into the big cities of Windsor and Detroit, walk aimlessly about and then return home every day. She couldn't even bring herself to knock on a door. As the days passed, Lillian knew she would soon have to knock on a door. On one of her trips, Lillian saw a sign at Carhartt Overall Company, saying, \"Help Wanted, Secretarial. Apply Within.\" She walked up to the office and was met by the office manager, who sat her down at a typewriter and said, \"Let's see how good you really are.\" She directed Lillian to type a single letter and then left. Lillian looked at the clock: 11:40 am. She figured that she could run away in the crowd then. But she knew she should at least try the letter. On her first try, she got through one line. It had five words and she made four mistakes. The clock read 11:45. \"At noon,\" she said to herself, \" _ .\" On her second try, Lillian got through a full paragraph, but still made many mistakes. Again she pulled out the paper. At last she completed the letter with some mistakes. Just then, the door opened and the office manager walked in. She came directly over to Lillian, read the letter, paused and then said, \"Lillian, you've done a good job.\" \n Answer: She wanted to test Lillian",
            "output": [
                "Why did the office manager leave after directing Lillian to type a letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9021e588a696463f80a96c783a7616e5",
            "input": "Article: If you have ever experienced jet lag ,you know how much of a drag it can be. Jet lag happens as a result of air travel, when traveling between two or more time zones. Your body is used to operating in a certain time zone, and when its timing is affected, you're likely to have problems. Edward Norton's character in the movies Fight Club faces the struggle of jet-lag-induced sleeplessness due to his constant traveling. Sleeplessness is just one of the effects of jet lag, and it can lead to other problems, such as tiredness, memory loss and confusion. That's not something you should have to fight on a business trip and it certainly won't make your vacation very enjoyable, either. Sleeplessness is the biggest problem for travelers that suffer from jet lag. Don't worry. You can do something to prevent it. Modify Your Body Clock To prevent the effects on your body's timing that come with crossing time zones, you need to change your body clock sooner, rather than later. You can do this by putting yourself on the same time as your destination time zone before you fly. If you know that you will be traveling to London from the eastern United States, you'll have a five-hour time difference to deal with. Plan for it. Avoid Heavy Food and Alcohol  Part of the pleasure of flying commercially, especially if you fly business or first class, is taking advantages of the food and drinks. If you want to avoid jet lag, though, you should think twice. Eating heavy food will only make the jet lag worse. It isn't good to drink alcohol during a flight, either, because it may make you drowsy. Wait until your body adjusts  before you decide to have heavy food or drink alcohol. \n Answer: How jet lag happens and tips on traveling safely.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a88f14d064464740ae777d449dae0321",
            "input": "Article: Years ago a John Hopkin's professor gave a group of graduate students this task: Go to the slums  . Take 200 boys, between the ages of 12 and 16, and research into their background and environment. Then predict their chances for the future.  The students, after consulting social statistics, talking to the boys, and compiling   much data, concluded that 90 percent of the boys would spend some time in prison.  Twentyfive years later another group of graduate students was given the job of testing the prediction. They went back to the same area. Some of the boys--by then men--were still there, a few had died, some had moved away, but they got in touch with 180 of the original 200. They found that only four of the group had ever been sent to prison. Why was it that these men, who had lived in a breeding place of crime, had such a surprisingly good record? The researchers were continually told: \"Well, there was a teacher...\" They pressed further, and found that in 75 percent of the cases it was the same woman. The researchers went to this teacher, now living in a home for retired teachers. How had she exerted   this remarkable influence over that group of children? Could she give them any reason why these boys should have remembered her?  \"No,\" she said, \"no I really couldn't.\" And then, thinking back over the years, she said amusingly, more to herself than to her questioners: \"I loved those boys.\" \n Answer: To survey the background and environment of 200 teenagers.",
            "output": [
                "What were a group of graduate students instructed to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-21ef6daf7d33497eb6926ae6c767fe6d",
            "input": "Article: University Room Regulations Approved and Prohibited Items The following items are approved for use in residential   rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life. Access to Residential Rooms Students are provided with a combination   for their room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others. The fee is $25 to change a room combination. Cooking Policy Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven   to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms. Pet Policy No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms. Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, are subject to an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet. Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect. If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court. Quiet Hours Residential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University. Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11:00 pm to 8:00 am Sunday through Thursday. Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am. Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25. \n Answer: TVs and electric blankets.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-345bb1ca3788419b98017cccb377d1eb",
            "input": "Article: One day a man was walking in the street when he met a penguin  .It was a handsome and very brave bird. It seemed to take an immediate liking to the man, because it walked up to him and then followed him wherever he went.This was funny for a while but in the end became rather embarrassing . \"Go away, you silly bird, ''the man said to the penguin, but the bird ignored him. It simply would not leave him alone.Wherever he went, the bird went too. At last, in desperation   the man walked into a police station.\"Excuse me, officer.\" he said. \"I need some advice. I met this penguin in the street and I don't know what to do with it.\" A bored policeman looked up from what he was writing and said, \"Just take it to the zoo, sir.'' \"Oh,all right.''said the man. The next day the man was walking along the street, still accompanied   by the penguin, when he met the policeman he'd spoken to the day before.The policeman was not pleased to see them.\"I thought I advised you to take that animal to the zoo, \" he said. \"Well, yes, officer, you did.And I did take him to the zoo, \" the man explained. \"And we had a great time. But we can't go to the zoo every day.I thought today I'd take him to the movies.'' \n Answer: Friendly to human.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following expressions can be used to describe the penguin?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-02272fccf6744426a0c2d8b312c09b1c",
            "input": "Article: On any weekend throughout the year one can spend hours browsing through neighborhood flea   markets.These are very popular for those who are in search of bargains and who have a keen eye for picking through what others have .They hunt and search for something they can reuse.Americans love secondhand merchandise   which can be bought cheaply and restored to its original use.In many cases the condition and the quality are still good, though the style might be outdated. For some people searching through flea markets is a hobby which reaps rewards.They look for possible antiques among the items for sale or for old furniture which can be restored with a little care and used again.Many wise collectors often find rare items worth much more than their bargained price.Since prices are usually not fixed, if one is persistent a bargain can easily be struck.The owner may be selling a rare collectable and may not even be aware of its value.One of the great pleasures of shopping at such markets is the chance to bargain with the shop owner and settle for a price which one can afford and is willing to pay. Perhaps even more enjoyable than flea markets are the weekend outdoor garage sales which have now become very much a part of American culture.These are held usually in the spring and fall when the weather is still good.Usually a homeowner, having decided that he would like to clear his residence of accumulated items which are no longer useful to him, advertises in a local paper that he is holding a garage sale.More than likely the goods on display are in good condition and great buys can be found if one has the time and patience to search carefully.The home owner places items for sale on display along the driveway leading to his garage or on his front lawn and waits for people to look at what he has to sell.Old magazines, books, paintings, bicycles, ice-skates, items of clothing and electrical appliances of every sort appear on a regular basis.If the owner is in a position where he must sell his home or plans to move soon, then he may be forced to practically give things away at a price far below their true worth. \n Answer: Put on an advertisement in a local newspaper.",
            "output": [
                "What do you usually do before holding a garage sale?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-27aa8ff2114f44c8bbbe9946f897f0ef",
            "input": "Article: Today's world is very unsafe for children. We all listen to news of child abduction everyday on TV and feel concerned about the safety of our children. So, it is necessary for parents to know about the methods of protecting children from illegal elements and criminals. GPS tracking system comes in handy for such a purpose and gives a sigh of relief to the worried parents. With the help of GPS child tracking device you can locate your child easily at any time. GPS child tracking system is also very helpful for watching the activities of teenagers.This age is called the most risky age, as in this age it is very easy to attract child towards effortless shortcut ways of achieving success. money etc. Bad-intentioned people try to misuse the innocence of children. With the GPS child tracking system, you can keep a watch on your child and prevent him from falling in bad company. A less than 2 inches square device, it is very easy to operate and doesn't need much technical expertise . You can put it in the backpack of your child. With this device, you can keep a watch on your child 24 hours via your personal computer. If you witness some threat or if the child feels some danger in any situation, he can press the SOS button. The device is easily rechargeable and battery runs 18~24 hours after each recharge. \n Answer: They don't know how to succeed or get money.",
            "output": [
                "Why are teenagers at the most risky age?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b8373e1c0e3d414892ccd34e2c54014e",
            "input": "Article: Beatrix Potter was a great English writer and artist, best known for her children's books featuring animal characters such as in the children's classic -- The Tale of Peter Rabbit. Beatrix was born into a rich London-based family where she was tutored by very strict private teachers and so spent her youth isolated from other youngsters. During her youth she had a lot of pets and spent vacations in Scotland and also the Lake District. It was at the Lake District that she developed a love of wildlife. She studied the area's natural wonders carefully and painted them continuously. But her old-fashioned, Manchester-born parents discouraged her intellectual improvement, thinking it inappropriate for a young lady. However, her study and watercolour paintings of wild mushrooms made her widely respected within the field of biology. In her 30's, Beatrix Potter wrote the remarkably successful kid's book, The Tale of Pew Rabbit. Close to that time she became secretly engaged to her publisher Norman Warne. This caused a great disagreement with her parents, who did not approve of Beatrix getting married to somebody of lower social status. Sadly, Warne died before the marriage ceremony. Ultimately Beatrix Potter began writing and also illustrating   kid's books full-time. Using profits from her books, Beatrix grew to become economically independent of her parents and was eventually in a position to buy Hill Top Farm in the Lake District. She extended the property with additional purchases of neighbouring land over time. In her 40's, Bestrix married William Heelis, a local lawyer. She ended up becoming a sheep breeder and farmer while continuing to publish as well as illustrate books for children. In all she authored 23 publications. Beatrix died on December 22, 1943, and left the majority of her property to the National Trust. Her books carry on selling well globally, in many different languages. Her stories have been retold in numerous formats including a ballet, movies, and cartoons. Such is her reputation, and that of the characters from her publications, that many Beatrix Potter statues have been created. These tiny Beatrix Potter statues which include pretty much all the actual characters in her publications have become highly valued by art collects and fans of her literature throughout the world. \n Answer: She was encouraged to think creatively and independently.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about Beatrix Potter's early life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ce03a4b84238464bbf52f2efe3b36b66",
            "input": "Article: When Josephine Cooper was growing up,she learned the importance of _ from her parents.Although they made a modest living for their family of 10,they insisted on sharing with those less fortunate. Half a century later,Mrs Cooper became a beloved volunteer at the San Diego Food Bank,where she devoted herself to helping others.She organized and ran a distribution center from a church,helping it become the organization's largest emergency food distribution center in San Diego.She was one of 25 outstanding senior volunteers in the nation selected and invited to Washington D.C.to receive the award. \"She was the main person who helped us make that program grow,\" said Mike Doody,former director of the Food Bank.\"She had a way of getting people to work together and to work hard.She was determined and stubborn,but in a good way.She had a good heart.\" People knew her as \"Grandma\" because of her selflessness and her devotion to helping hungry children and families.\"She reminded people of their Grandma.\" Doody said. As a widow with a young child in 1979,Mrs.Cooper was helped through a difficult financial time when the Food Bank provided her with groceries.\"She dedicated her life to giving back,\" said her daughter,Monica Cooper.It wasn't unusual for a local church to call Mrs Cooper to ask her to aid a needy family.\"She would give people food out of her cupboard.Sometimes we would cook a meal for a family living out of their car,\" Cooper said. Although Mrs Cooper was honored to receive the national award for her volunteer work,she said being able to help others was her reward.She died of liver disease and kidney failure,aged 93. \n Answer: She was not easy to get along with.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true of Mrs Cooper?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b8797d8706b4c9b99ffba6f6cf3097d",
            "input": "Article: For anyone who is determined to be a fashion  designer, it is not enough to have succeeded in college.The real test is whether they can.survive, and become established during their early 20s, making a name for themselves in the real world where business skills can be as important as talent and creativity. Fashion is a hard business.There is a continuous amount of stress because work is at a constant and extremely fast speed to prepare for the next season's collections.It is extremely competitive and there is the constant need to make attractive advertisements of the latest fashion in newspapers and magazines.It also requires continual freshness because the appetite for new ideas is hard to satisfy.\"We try to warn people before they come to us about how tough it is.\" says Lydia Kemeny, the Head of Fashion at St.Martin's School of Art in London.\"And we point out that drive and determination are  ly necessary.\" This may seem far removed from the popular opinions of fashionable young people spending their time designing pretty dresses.That may well be what they do in their first year of study but a good college won't be slow in introducing students to commercial realities.\"We don't walk our foot on the blossoming   flower of creativity but in the second year we start introducing the restrictions of price, producing ability, marketing and so on.\" Almost all fashion design is done to a brief.It is not a form of self-expression as such, although there is certainly room for imagination and creativity.Most young designers are going to end up as employees of a producer or a fashion house and they still need to be able to work within the characteristic style of their employer.Even those students who are most modern in their own taste of clothes may need to adapt to produce designs which are right for the mainstream of market.They also have to be able to work at both the expensive arid the cheap end of the market and the challenge to produce good design inexpensively may well be demanding. \n Answer: Business skills in fashion industry.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is mainly discussed in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-29d1e37d3e294666b35ac8a008f345c6",
            "input": "Article: Did you have a very strict teacher at school? I did. I'll never forget 'Mr. Strict'. If you didn't get your geography right, you would wish to run to the end of the earth to be far away from him. That tall man with a very loud voice knew how to frighten you and put the fear of God into you.  Nobody dared to be late for his class. No one dared to chat in his class no matter how boring the subject was. And not even the naughtiest pupil would dream of cheating in his tests. I thought about my old teacher when I read about a new government program in England to train former soldiers with no degrees to become a teacher. They can act either as secondary school subject teachers or as primary teachers. From next January those selected for the program will earn a salary and train on-the-job four days a week and one day at university. In two years they will be considered 'newly qualified teachers'. Education Minister David Laws said: \"We know that our highly-skilled soldiers can inspire young people.\" He believes that values  in the army such as leadership, discipline , energy and teamwork would benefit children. But not everybody is happy with the government plans. Brian Lightman, from an organisation called the Association of School and College Leaders, thinks the training offered to the former soldiers who want to be teachers is not enough. Christine Blower, of the National Union of Teachers, believes that teachers need to understand how children develop. According to her, teachers need a high level of education themselves and thorough teacher training before they can educate the young. I'm not sure how much 'Mr. Strict' knew about child development. What I know is how happy he was when we did well. I'll never forget the broad smile on his face when I got a very high mark. My teacher was a soldier, but to me his smile was a medal for bravery in our war against ignorance ! \n Answer: To change former soldiers into teachers.",
            "output": [
                "What does the new government program in England want to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f73d2040860e4e85a53bf74ffbbddafb",
            "input": "Article: I log onto a computer at the doctor's office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room. There, a robotic nurse directs me onto a device and then takes my blood pressure. Some time later, in steps the doctor, who is also a robot. He notes down my symptoms and gives me a prescription  . I pay for my visit using a credit card machine and return home without having met another human being. When I call my dentist's office and actually get a human being on the line, I am thrilled. And when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel like shouting, \"When it comes to cashiers, make mine human, please!\" After all, human cashiers sometimes give you a store coupon   for items you are buying. Even more than that, real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can brighten a young mother's day. A cashier may also show compassion  for an elderly person struggling to get that last penny out of her purse. What technological device would do any of this? I don't want to go back to the Stone Age, but I'm also worried about a world run by machines. Sometimes when you're chatting with someone, you discover things you need to know. Maybe a receptionist needs prayers said for a sick child. Maybe a salesperson can offer a bit of encouragement to a customer who is feeling tired. Machines can be efficient and cost-effective and they often get the job done just fine. But they lack an element so important to everyday life. Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart. It is something no machine will ever have. It is being human that prompts us to smile at others, which may be what they need at that moment. \n Answer: Robots are indifferent and emotionless.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author prefer being served by humans rather than by robots?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d6368de54c34d989a492e0beaa6638f",
            "input": "Article: A beer bottle thrown from the stands landed near Usain Bolt in the moments before the 100-meter final Sunday night in London. As Bolt and seven other competitors ducked into their starting crouches, a bottle sailed from the first row of the stands at Olympic Stadium. It harmlessly bounced in the lane belonging to Yohan Blake and didn't appear to cause a distraction  to the runners, who started a moment later. The thrower's lack of distance was a blessing. Had he gathered tips from the competitors of the hammer throw  competition, which was taking place in the infield at the same time as the 100 final, the bottle could have hit one of the competitors. It ended up landing a few feet from Blake (lane5). Edith Bosch, a female Dutch judoka who won a bronze medal earlier during the Olympics, claimed that the man who threw the bottle was sitting near her and that she \"beat\" him. Whether that's true or the hyperbole   of an aggravated athlete was unclear in the minutes after the incident. Pictures show a group of Dutch athletes sitting behind the starting area. Police took the man into custody . He will appear in court on Monday morning. Neither Bolt nor Blake said they knew of the incident until they were informed by reporters. \"I don't know who would have done that,\" Bolt said. Gatlin was aware of it but implied it was only a slight distraction. \"I didn't know what it was,\" he said, according to the BBC, \"but when you're in those blocks, the whole stadium is so quiet that you can hear a pin drop.\" \n Answer: Four",
            "output": [
                "How many exact athletes are mentioned in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-90769c2b101a4bdfb9c628fc0a7ca91f",
            "input": "Article: Over the years I've been teaching my grandchildren about a simple but powerful concept--the ant philosophy. I think everybody should study ants. They have an amazing four-part philosophy, and here is the first part: Ants never quit. If they're headed somewhere and you try to stop them, they'll look for another way. They'll climb over, or around. They keep looking for another way to get where they're supposed to go. What a great philosophy. Second, ants think summer all winter. That's an important perspective. You can't be so childish as to think summer will last forever. So ants are gathering their winter food in the middle of summer. The third part of the ant philosophy is that ants think winter all summer. That is so significant. During the winter ants remind themselves, \"This won't last long; we'll soon be out of here.\" And on the first warm day, the ants are out. If it turns cold again, they'll dive back down, but then they come out on the first warm day. They can't wait to get out. And here's the last part of the ant philosophy. How much will an ant gather during the summer to prepare for the winter? All he possibly can. What an incredible philosophy, the \"all-you-possibly-can\" philosophy. Wow, what a great lecture to attend--the ant seminar! \n Answer: The first part.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the four parts of the ant philosophy means \"look ahead\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e399d3a3720c4176914be8541aa7d3e9",
            "input": "Article: A team of British scientists is preparing to create a digital model of Mount Rushmore using laser scanning  so that the iconic U.S. monument can be recreated if it were to be damaged.    The survey work is part of a project to accurately record the exact dimensions  of 500 of the most famous World Heritage Sites, including the Acropolis in Athens and the Great Wall of China.    The joint team, from the Glasgow School of Art and Historic Scotland, are currently surveying 10 World Heritage Sites in Britain before they aim their laser beams at Mount Rushmore in South Dakota. There they will team up with members of the CyArk Foundation, a non-profit organization that has identified several \"at risk\" World heritage Sites. Mount Rushmore is on their list because of concerns over deterioration of the faces of four former presidents on the sculpture.    Laser scanning itself is not new but applying the technology to historic sites or buildings is a new approach. \"At first, these laser scanners were produced for things like refineries where there are lots of pipes and things or atmosphere that are different for humans to actually tolerate,\" Chris McGregor of Historic Scotland told Reuters Television. \"They hadn't really thought about the built heritage as being a market for such a machine but its use and the work that we are doing with it is really innovative and really exciting.    CyArk's goal is to create a huge database of detailed surveys of sites so that they can be maintained or even rebuilt if they should be damaged by a natural disaster, climate change or even war. They cited as an example the Buddhas or Bamiyan in Afghanistan, two monumental statues of standing Buddhas carved into the side of a cliffduring the sixth century that were destroyed by the Taliban in 2001. Despite offers from the governments of Japan and Switzerland, among others, to help rebuild the Buddhas, the team believe an accurate laser survey would have made the task more achievable.    Doug Pritchard from the Glasgow School of Art's Digital Design Studio said, \"We are discovering new things about the buildings which are hundreds, thousands of years old,\" he said.    CyaArk said the loss of architectural and archaeological cultural heritage is becoming a crisis of global proportions with an urgent need for reliable documentation as a key step to help preserve heritage sites. The development of laser scanning technology has given a greater accuracy to surveys and thrown new light on ancient monuments. \n Answer: Interesting.",
            "output": [
                "How does Chris think applying laser scanning to famous World Heritage Sites?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0757d2aeb50d4176b5e070c2f9d82e86",
            "input": "Article: For a long time, the traditional method of identifying liars was to watch their body language, including facial expressions. What if the person appears to be nervous? Is the person unable to look me in the eye? Is he or she look around the room? What about other nervous movements, such as fidgeting or shifting from side to side? Many people--from parents to police officers and airport security personnel--depend on this method. But does a person's body and face reveal the truth? Not according to a new study. Talking, it seems, is the best way to smoke out a liar. That is what researchers in the United Kingdom found out recently. Their investigation took place at one place where lying can get you into big trouble--an airport. The researchers asked volunteers to pretend they were real passengers and then lie to airport security agents. Some of the agents used spoke conversation-based methods to question these make-believe passengers. Others depended instead on the person's body language, like lack of eye contact and showing signs of nervousness. The agents talking with the passengers were 20 times more likely to catch the liars. The study found that these conversation-based techniques can help you recognize when a person is lying to you. Like many methods, this conversation method has a name. It is called Controlled Cognitive Engagement or CCE, for short. The British government partly financed this study. The American Psychological (APA) published the findings. Body language cannot be trusted. Using body language and facial expressions to catch someone in a lie is really hard. And it only works, seemingly, by chance. Thomas Ormerod is the head of the School of Psychology at the University of Sussex in England. On the APA website, he reported that the \"suspicious-signs method\"--or using body language--\"almost completely fails\" in finding lies. \n Answer: Communicate with researchers by talking.",
            "output": [
                "What should volunteers in the investigation do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a4ed3fc9c7f44979a105d911c5b6a37e",
            "input": "Article: Americans are buying more products and services than ever before through the Internet.And experts say the popularity of online sales is likely to spread to other countries.Online sales now represent as much as one-tenth of all retail sales in the United States.This has led traditional stores to seek new ways to keep their customers loyal. Lynne Shaner used the Internet to buy everything she needed.Other than food,90%of her purchases were made on her home computer.She said.\"I find that.by being able to go online and choose the things that I need to choose,and have them delivered to me right at my doorstep,I  _ all the driving,all the crowds,all the noise of that,and I usually get a better selection. \" There are a lot of people like her.57%of Americans have bought something electronically in the past few months.Store owners worry that this growing amount of online sales will hurt their business. Cornell University marketing professor says traditional stores can keep their customers by selling goods like clothing,which buyers may want to see and try on before purchasing.He says the stores could also offer things that are difficult to ship.He also says some stores can please customers by offering to set up or repair electronic products. Bill Martin is the founder of ShopperTrak which helps stores learn about their customers.He says that traditional stores offer a social experience that some people enjoy and the experience and emotion in the buying decision before they're ready to part with money can't be gotten on--line.It's a rather cold process.Bill Martin says traditional stores can provide goods to buyers more quickly than online stores. While e-commerce worries some business owners,the worry for delivery services like FedEx and UPS is keeping up with the number of packages.UPS Manager Dana Kline says her company is very busy at this time of year. \n Answer: Approving.",
            "output": [
                "What is store owners'attitude towards online sales growth?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8aec61e253904f8e8edbb6c1864ea44e",
            "input": "Article: The Rockford police chief and some city officials want to install video cameras in all 100 police cars. They think this will reduce the number of lawsuits  against the city. In the last five years, Rockford has paid out more than five million dollars to settle about 40 lawsuits. The chief said, \"If cameras had been in those cars, we wouldn't have had to pay one penny. We're always pulling over drunks or drug users who try to fight the policemen or shoot them. Then they always say that the police started beating them first or started shooting at them first. What nonsense!\" The cost of installing cameras will be about $500 per car. The city council  will vote on the plan next Monday. Ten of the 13 council members, when asked about the plan, said that they liked the idea. One member said that it made good financial sense and common sense. If the cameras are supported, they can be installed in all the cars within six weeks. The police officers gladly support camera use. One officer said that too many people thought the police were _ ; cameras would show citizens that the police told the truth. Citizen reaction to the idea of police car cameras is mixed. One person said that the police should have started doing this years ago when video cameras were invented. But an elderly man said that cameras were against privacy. \"These police are trying to stick their nose into everything,\" he said. He was going to attend the council meeting to fight the plan. He hoped that other citizens would join him. \n Answer: Satisfied.",
            "output": [
                "How did most council members feel about the plan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8dfc779e3f7a4a8ab1442beb41232b57",
            "input": "Article: Beijing today, first published in May, 2001, is the capital's only English weekly newspaper and is published with the help of the Information Office of the Beijing Municipal Government and run by Beijing Youth Daily. Its readers include English-speaking foreigners living in Beijing and local Chinese who have great interest in English or take English as a working language. The paper's main content deals with metropolitan life, explaining the differences and similarities between Eastern and Western culture. Its culture and lifestyle part is regarded as a guide to metropolitan life in Beijing. The paper has 24 pages in four main sections: NEWS: Select stories that discuss cultural differences. COMMUNITY: Reports on developments related to foreigners in the city and a platform by which they can communicate with a bigger audience. CULTURE and LIFESTYLE: Highlights from international lifestyle and fashion trends in Beijing STUDY: Cheerful and humorous pieces to help English-language students improve their skills Beijing Today circulates 50,000 copies published every Friday. It is one of Beijing's most authoritative  English media sources, and is sold at post newsstands and distributed in hotels, apartment complexes, etc. Price: 2 yuan per issue \n Answer: COMMUNITY",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following sections would be the best choice to exchange thoughts with others?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-86889bb9fe38409198154e038c45ba81",
            "input": "Article: Think about what you had for lunch: Was it a hamburger? A chicken sandwich? Barbecue? What about vegetables? Would it surprise you to learn that what you eat can affect the whole planet? It can--in a big way. New studies show how food and its production affect the globe and its warming climate. You've probably heard of global warming : The temperature is on the rise because humankind has beenreleasing   amounts of gases into the atmosphere. One of these greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide . What does this have to do with food ? A big part of the carbon dioxide that we put in the atmosphere every year comes from the process of making and eating food. The production of meat contributes a lot of that carbon diode. And much of meat's contribution comes from beef , which is responsible for releasing even more warming gases into the atmosphere. The process of making a hamburger ,for example, requires a lot of energy. A cow has to be fed and raised on farmland, and cow waste is a major source ofmethane   -- an especially powerful greenhouse gas. The cow has to be killed. The meat has to beprocessed  and shipped to a shop, which takes fuel . Most of the cow won't even be used for meat that people eat. By the time a hamburger finally lands on a dinner plate, it has made a heavy effect on the environment. We can reduce the production of global-warming gases by eating less beef .Other kinds of meat like pork and chicken do less harm to the environment--at least in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases released. All kinds of meat are harder on the planet than vegetables. To grow and eat a pound of potatoes, for example, sends less than one-quarter pound of carbon dioxide into the air. So changing our diet to less meat and more vegetables, as it turns out, may do the world some good. \n Answer: Meat producing can cause global warming",
            "output": [
                "What is the bad news for meat-eaters?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-496e3eef7d184b7b8a7a00a2713712d0",
            "input": "Article: Are you a problem shopper? The answer is \"Yes\" , if you or someone else thinks that you sometimes get carried away with shopping .In other words ,do you or does someone else think you are occupied in extreme shopping ? If people have regrets later about their shopping , or have an \"out-of-control\" feeling about the quantities of what they buy or the amount of credit they use , they may be considered to be problem shoppers. Extreme shopping can lead to a more serious problem -addictive shopping . Addictive shoppers feel driven by the desire to shop and spend money . They experience great tension which drives them to shop and spend money and they feel a \"rush\" during the time they are occupied with the shopping activity. Extreme or addictive shopping may result from long-time unpleasant feelings, of which anxiety ,pain and shame are common ones,. When we feel bad inside ,we often do something to make ourselves feel better . In this case ,we often go shopping . A few people shop to relieve their boredom or emptiness .For some people ,the motivation is a desire for status ,power ,beauty or success .Some love to shop as it makes them feel valued in the eyes of the shop assistants .Others shop simply because it makes them forget , at least temporarily , tension ,fear or unhappiness in their life. Besides ,shopping malls are designed to encourage continual shopping . For instance ,there are some malls where you can't see clocks displaying the time because they don't want you to become too aware of the time you spend there .What's more ,food courts, coffee shops and restrooms are provided ,so you don't have to leave the mall because of your physical needs. Therefore ,once you become aware of how market forces work ,you will certainly come to control your shopping behavior .For example ,how much time you will spend an d what areas you will visit can be decided before you enter the mall. Keep a written account of what items you will buy and how much money you will spend . Make a plan for what you are going to buy before you feel the urge to shop and then stick to it . That is vital for gaining self0control. \n Answer: Those who just walk around the shopping malls.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following people may not be problem shoppers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-53c673536a634068a45ea25efa75e92c",
            "input": "Article: Social media is one of the fastest-growing industries in today's world. A study conducted by the US think tank   Pew Research Center showed that 92 percent of teenagers go online daily. The wide spread of social media has changed nearly all parts of teenagers' lives. Changing relationships High school student Elly Cooper from Illinois said social media often reduces face-to-face communication. \"It makes in-person relationships harder because people give attention to their phones instead of their boyfriends or girlfriends,\" Cooper said. There's also a greater possibility of things getting lost in translation over social media. \"If half of your relationship is over social media, you don't really know how the other person is reacting,\" Sienna Schulte, a junior student from Illinois, said. Yet, some people believe social media has made it easier to start relationships with anyone from anywhere. Beth Kaplan from Illinois met her long-distance friend through social media. He currently lives in Scotland, but they're still able to frequently communicate with one another. \"I can feel close to someone that I'm talking to via   FaceTime,\" Kaplan said. Wanting to be \"liked\" The rise of social media has changed the way teenagers see themselves. The 19-year-old Essena O'Neill announced on the social networking service Instagram that she was quitting social media because it made her obsessed   with appearing perfect online. Negative comments also can do great damage to a teenager's self-esteem  . In particular, anonymous   social media apps such as Yik Yak may provide opportunities for cyber bullying  . The app allows users within 5 miles (8 km) to create and add comments to everything. Teenagers who get negative comments on these sites can't help but feel hurt. Opening new doors However, Armin Korsos, a student from Illinois, takes advantage of the comments he receives over social media to improve his videos on the social networking site Youtube. \"Social media can help people show themselves and their talents to the world in a way that was never possible before,\" Korsos said. But Korsos recognizes that social media has become a distraction  . \"Social media, though it helps people connect with their friends and stay updated, is not all necessary.\" \n Answer: The impact of social media on teenagers.",
            "output": [
                "What is the article mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c062d3889a0a4f84b7eef227bc9c0c16",
            "input": "Article: Paris has the Eiffel Tower; New York has the Statue of Liberty; and prefix = st1 /Brussels, the Manneken  Piss.  Think of the Belgian capital and, if anything, you think of the small peeing   boy  _   a 60-meter-high bronze figure standing on a block, supplying a constant stream of water to the basin under him.  Some might laugh. But for Jacques Stroobants, the statue is up there with the best of them.  \"I'm proud of him. People come from all around the world to see him,\" says 60-year-old Stroobants with a fatherly glance at the little boy.  As the most famous landmark of Brussels, Manneken Piss has a very special place in the heart of Belgians.  The original Manneken Piss dates back to 1388, but the statue tourists see today dates from 1619 when the city built a second one after the original was destroyed.  Many stories go round Manneken Piss. Nobody knows why he was made. One story is that he saved Brusselsby putting out the flames of a deadly fire with his well-aimed piss. But the most believable story is that the boy, the son of a wealthy man, was kidnapped. The father had a statue built in honor of the way his son was found-peeing against a tree.  Perhaps best-known for his naked beauty, the \"peeing boy\" has also been clothed in some of the finest clothes money can buy.  Stroobants has been changing his clothes for the last 29 years. On average, he has clothes on 300 days a year. And on special days, he pees beer.  A few of the ways he's been dressed are; a football player, Mozart and an army general. Now, he has more than 600 pieces of clothes.  There is no strict charge for those wishing to provide clothes for the little boy. But certain conditions must be met.  \"The clothes cannot include either advertising or political message,\" said Stroobants, because they would cheapen the national treasure.  But Manneken Piss is still something local people can make money from  _  by selling all kinds of souvenirs. \n Answer: It is 60 meters high.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true about Maneken Piss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-221d222b523041ce829dd88bb37dde83",
            "input": "Article: For many businessmen online education has been a dream. Now it has come true. The investment   in higher education, whether financial or in terms of time, has long been impossible for many of them. But well-known educational institutions have chosen to deliver an internet-based program, and these barriers have been lifted. That is good news for people eager to improve themselves and is more attractive to employers. It is also a benefit to industry with better qualified candidates applying for jobs at every level. Having the benefits of a higher qualification without going to the university campus is attractive to many students. Campus study means greater cost, while online programs are flexible and save time, whether at home or at work. Students can achieve their degrees without causing too much _ to their career or home life. In addition to affordable, flexible classes and greater convenience, students also have access to the online learning resources of many of the world's top educational institutions. They can also communicate with their tutors no matter what time it is or whether either party is away for any reason. This has opened up the possibility of getting a qualification from a university or college that many students could only have dreamed of in the past. It also allows specialists to get the precise qualifications and focus on their studies. As well as seeing the increase of applicants from lower-incomes and housewives, studying online in the US is even becoming popular with younger people of college age. Employers have become increasingly welcome and positive to online qualifications as more candidates earn them, especially if they're properly approved by the US Department of Education. US institutions have led the way in online education provision. Many top US colleges and universities offer a range of online programs that are highly respected and in every way perfectly fit for adults who need to combine their studies with a working life. \n Answer: They can save money and arrange their time and courses freely.",
            "output": [
                "Why do people choose online education?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-be3e994ddc774a51b3f4806bd0b27982",
            "input": "Article: In face of global warming, much effort has been focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions through a variety of strategies. But while much of the research and innovation has concentrated on finding less-polluting energy alternatives, it may be decades before clean technologies like wind and solar meet a significant portion of our energy needs. In the meantime, the amount of CO2 in the air is rapidly approaching the limits proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). \"As long as we're consuming fossil fuels, we're putting out CO2,\" says Klaus Lackner, a geophysicist at Columbia University, \"We cannot let the CO2 in the atmosphere rise indefinitely.\" That sense of urgency has increased interest in capturing and storing CO2, which the IPCC says could provide the more than 50% reduction in emissions needed to reduce global warming. \"We see the potential for capture and storage to play an integral   role in reducing emissions,\" says Kim Corley, Shell's senior advisor of CO2 and environmental affairs. That forward thinking strategy is gaining support. The U.S. Department of Energy recently proposed putting $1 billion into a new $2.4 billion coal-burning energy plant. The plant's carbon-capture technologies would serve as a pilot project for other new coal-burning plants. But what do you do with the gas once you've captured it? One option is to put it to new uses. Dakota Gasification of North Dakota captures CO2 at a plant that converts   coal into synthetic natural gas. It then ships the gas 200 miles by pipeline to Canada, where it is pumped underground in oil recovery operations. In the Netherlands, Shell delivers CO2 to farmers who pipe it into their greenhouses, increasing their production of fruits and vegetables. However, scientists say that the scale of CO2 emissions will require vast amounts of long-term storage. Some propose storing the CO2 in coal mines or liquid storage in the ocean, Shell favors storing CO2 in deep geological structures such as saline   formations and exhausted oil and gas fields that exist throughout the world. \n Answer: How to make good use of solar and wind energy.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author intend to tell readers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-10bfa9145332479d8f1a4c7569757b23",
            "input": "Article: University is generally regarded as one of the most important times in a person's life, yet the function of this institution continues to arouse debate. Many believe that arts subjects are  too easy, that practical skills are more useful and that a chosen subject for study should be clearly linked to a career. However, this view is far too simplistic. Arts subjects are very difficult. They can prepare students for any number of careers as well as allowing the student to take time to make a decision. The function of the modern university is to cater to different types of student. Arts subjects are not easy. For example, a degree in Literature is not an easy option. No question in a Literature class has a single, simple answer. Debate is conducted in a spirit of openness, texts are very closely analyzed and skills in close reading are developed. Literature is about language, our primary means of communication. Arts subjects require the same concentrated study as any other subject. Arts subjects can prepare students for any number of careers. A degree in an arts subject teaches skills in well organized debates and defence of a position through the provision of evidence. These are applicable to many types of career. Law, for example. The point is that an undergraduate degree in any Arts subject trains the student in analysis and structure. Therefore, Arts graduates can pursue any number of careers. Arts subjects allow the student to take time to choose a career. Love of the subject for its own sake may well be the initial motivation for the Arts undergraduate but because the subject they have chosen is not so clearly linked to a career they have time to reflect, making a decision only when they are absolutely certain. Students who pursue Arts subjects therefore have the leisure to make a carefully considered choice. In conclusion, it is clear that Arts subjects are not a waste of time. They are flexible when it comes to relating them to a career and they allow the student to discover an appropriate career path. Many industries now acknowledge that a degree in Literature can be just as valuable as any other subject, especially when it is evident that Arts graduates tend to think more creatively. Not all undergraduates have clearly defined goals and not all subjects can be simply matched to a career. Acknowledging this difference should be the main function of a modern university \n Answer: Universities should be aware of diversity",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mainly argue in this article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d2ea180c4ca44c9b8c8daebb1413de9",
            "input": "Article: Experts say the temperature in Eyjafjallajokull's hole appears to have fallen to 100C, meaning it is now producing steam, not magma . But officials warned that it was too early to say whether the eruption was over completely. Ash clouds from the volcano grounded thousands of flights last month. Steinunn Jakobsdottir, a geophysicist from the Icelandic Meteorological Office, told the BBC that the volcano was \"kind of not active for the moment\". \"The history of the volcano is such that it calms down and then it gets energy again,\" she said. \"There are still earthquakes under the volcano, and the small earthquake is still not quite down to what it was before the eruption.\" 'Difficult to say' Magnus Gudmundsson, of Iceland University, flew over the volcano on Sunday and said information from heat cameras showed the temperatures at the crater had fallen below 100C. But he told the AFP news agency that nothing was promised and that the previous eruption at the volcano had lasted 13 months, from 1821-23. \"It stopped and started again several times with different intervals , so it's difficult to say, difficult to give a timeline,\" he said. He also said it was impossible to say whether the neighbouring Katla volcano - a much larger mountain - might also erupt. At the height of its activity, the volcano sent out huge clouds of ash, which led to airlines grounding their planes for fear it could _ plane engines. It was the biggest action of closing airspace in Europe since World War II, and affected at least 10 million passengers worldwide. \n Answer: The hole appears about 100 degrees C",
            "output": [
                "What do expert think Eyjafjallajokull is like now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0fe119c7a2044086b94c6e555f11361a",
            "input": "Article: When some plates of the earth move suddenly, an earthquake happens. Many earthquakes begin under the sea. Earthquakes may happen anywhere on the earth. They often happen near mountains. During an earthquake, the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack open. Houses fall, people are killed and hurt, and sometimes whole villages or cities are destroyed. Can we do something to keep ourselves safe from earthquakes? Scientists have studied earthquakes and make maps that show \"earthquake belts\". In areas in these belts, it's possible for earthquakes to happen. In these areas we can build strong houses to fight against earthquakes. In the future, scientists will be able to predict exactly when and where an earthquake will happen. They can also tell people what to do with it. \n Answer: Earthquake Today and Tomorrow",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af5ce0a478ac40f3a4bcd9cc8eaa42b3",
            "input": "Article: What is the relationship between violence and sports? Psychologists say that there are many reasons for violence at sports events. One is alcohol. Many fans drink a lot at games. When people drink, they are more likely to do abnormal things. Psychologist Dennis Brock says, \"Quiet people become loud. Normally nonviolent people become destructive. \" David Sampson, a sports sociologist, says, \"These are often celebratory riots-- a large number of very happy people mixed in with large amounts of alcohol. They don't often seem dangerous in the beginning, but things get violent quickly. \" Another reason for violence at sports events is the crowd. When individuals are in a large group of people, they can lose their sense of personal responsibility. Edward Hirt, a social Psychologist, says that research shows that people do things in crowds that they would never do alone. People in crowds feel anonymous -- no one knows who they are. Crowds also make people feel powerful. They stop making personal decisions. They just follow the crowd. Social psychologists call this a \"mob mentality.\" Dave Zarifis, head of public safety says, \"Some people don't even come to celebrate. They want to drink hard and make trouble. Someone does something stupid, and it grows from there. You get a mob mentality. People think it's OK to do almost anything. They think, 'There are so many of us and not enough of them. ' \" Social psychologist Dr. Sharon Kennedy says that there are some things officials can do to prevent violence. Making sure that an area is not overcrowded is very important. Officials should also think of games as \"big parties.\" Then they will prepare differently. Kennedy says that in Great Britain they are controlling the problem with cameras in all the stadiums. \"When you know someone is watching, you are much less likely to behave badly. \" \n Answer: \"I must drink some alcohol to stop myself feeling shy. \"",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following does NOT belong to a \"mob mentality\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95ec9aefcaa14e12ae611de5f710cffc",
            "input": "Article: We don't know how different our life in the future. We can only try to imagine it. At first we think about human relationship. In the year 2050, we will use computers almost every day, we will be making new friends through the Internet--- even our husbands or wives will be met in this way. It will be much faster and easier for us. On the other hand, our relationships with people won't be as important as they are today--- we will feel a little lonely. Computers will also help us in many other activities in 2050. For example, they will be used by the children at school to make their learning easier. In addition, there will be more other machines which will play a similar role as computers, like robots which will do the housework for us. Spending holidays will also be completely different. Traveling to other planets or to the moon will be available for everyone. Means of transport will, of course, change, too. We will be using solar-powered cars, which will be much environmentally friendly. We could expect that the faster economic development would lead to a more polluted environment. But it isn't true. We will pay more attention to protecting the environment. Scientists will probably find cures for many dangerous diseases, like cancer or AIDS. Therefore, our surroundings as well as health will be in better condition. Although we cannot predict the exact changes which will be made in the world, we often think about them. We worry about our and our children's future; we have expectation, hopes as well as fears. But I think we should be rather _ about our future. We should be happy and believe good things will happen. \n Answer: It will not be difficult for people to travel to other plants.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following will happen in 2050?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-786478ac79e24f32a4f94e3943cecab0",
            "input": "Article: What do you remember about your childhood? I have good memories of exploring  the fields near my house and riding my bike around the park. Today, children don't spend enough time in the fresh air. Many of them fix their eyes on a screen either on a computer, or a TV ---they seem to be living in a _ world. They have lost touch with nature. Now 400 organizations in the UK are encouraging children to have some \"wild time\". They want kids to exchange at least 30 minutes of watching TV or playing computer games for time playing outside. The simple pleasures of exploring and discovering nature help children to learn and keep fit too. Andy Simpson, who is part of the campaign , says: \"An extra 30 minutes of wild time every day for all under 12-year-olds in the UK would be the equivalent  of just three months of their childhood spent outdoors.\" Even if the kids live in a city, they can go on adventures in the garden or the park. However, children often need a helping hand from Mum and Dad. They need to be shown what to do and where to go. So despite  the complex  world that young people grow up in now, it seems that going back to basics and experiencing \"nature's playground \" is what modern children need. Andy Simpson adds: \"We want parents to see what this magical \"playground\" does for their kids' development , independence and creativity  , by giving wild time a go \" . David Bond from Project Wild Thing says, \"We need to make more space for wild time in children's daily routine, freeing this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted. \" \n Answer: They don't get close to nature.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think about the present kids?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0415d77419514d9aa78e047d18b71e4d",
            "input": "Article: Kids in a Sudanese refugee camp stir up a cloud of dust as they kick around a football. NBA superstar Tracy McCray watches from a distance before offering to buy the kids a grass pitch for $1. 000.  Perhaps he sees a Ronaldinho rising up out of the African soil. Or maybe he just wants to do something -- anything -- to give these children some hope. But he is told, politely, that grass is not what the kids need.  This scene appears in 3 Point, a new documentary , which shows the Houston Rockets star coming face to face with the reality that life is more than sport.  McGrady,29, writes on his website that he traveled to Africa because he was tired of only reading about it in news. \"Who were the faces behind the numbers?\" He said. \"I needed to see it for myself.  And he did. He stepped out of his large house and flew to a place torn to bits by war and famine . He slept in a tent. He kept away from minefields. He talked with people who have been suffering. And he swallowed his pride.  But no one should blame McGrady for wanting to buy the kids a pitch of grass. Sports gave him a chance, so perhaps he thought it would do the same for the refugees.  McGrady was  _ by NBA managers as a teenager and he didn't bother going to college. Instead, he leaped right into the NBA. Since that move, basketball has given him a handsome living, but one very far removed from the lives of ordinary people. As McGrady would learn in Africa, most people see sports as just a break from life's difficulties. They don't mistake it for 1ife itself.  Only McGrady knows how this Africa trip changed him, but I'd bet that, at the very least, it has given him a new sense for what is truly meaningful.  McGrady doesn't own an NBA championship ring. He hasn't risen to the heights of Kobe Bryant or Michael Jordan.  But, perhaps, now he knows he doesn't have to in order to truly make a difference in the world. \n Answer: While in Africa, McGrady behaved considerately.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8a09141bc483420eadfa7137f2441c3d",
            "input": "Article: Net Library is a library that lends out digital books. It treats a digital book like a paperback copy. It charges libraries per book per copy and gives publishers a cut of the total income. From the consumer's point of view, this means that if more than five people want the latest Danielle Steel romance novel, other people who request that book will get a message saying the title is unable to get. Many publishers seem to have embraced its model. More than 350 publishers gave the company rights to hand out their digital works, and McGraw-Hill Corporation and Houghton Mifflin Corporation have put money into the company. The California public libraries and about 1,800 others across the US are trying out the Net Library service. Some librarians criticize the Net Library model. Stanford University librarian Michael Keller argues that the company is creating an unnatural fear of digital works, which is contrary to the ideas of the Internet. Keller and some other librarians argue for the e-book vision set forth by Brary. Brary is starting a service that lets us users read books for free. But it will charge about 25 cents a page when a person tries to point out material or copy and taste it into a different file or tries to download a copy onto a computer. Christopher Warnock, chief executive of Brary, believes most consumers won't want to buy entire books, only the parts that interest them. \"There is not really a lot of good owning an electronic file and having to store it and manage it. It doesn't make sense,\" he said. \n Answer: They share the money with Net Library.",
            "output": [
                "How do publishers get money from the Net Library?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-50130a8db6ee4ad99f3d62ef56b3f109",
            "input": "Article: There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama came from ritual  . The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable, and they sought through various means, to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then kept and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths  , coutinued to exist and provided material for art and drama. Those who believe that drama came from ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the \"acting area\" and the \"watching area.\" In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in performing, religious leaders usually undertook that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often imitated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and used gestures about the desired effect, success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival   of the Sun. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities. Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales about the hunt, war, or other feats are gradually added in detail, at first through imitation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely-related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds. \n Answer: The origins of theater.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ef30702d3f244889b801cb7f82e1e23c",
            "input": "Article: It's such a shame to lose a free throw. Playing in the court has pressure from the opponent, time, your teammates, the audience, and yourself. You have to shoot the ball despite all the pressures around. But with a free throw, you have the ball, no one will try to get it from you, and you have all the time to shoot the ball. But why is it that many players, even good shooters, miss most of their free throws? Maybe they need more practice or maybe they need to apply more ways to improve their free throw. Improve your player or your free throwing skills by following the tips below: Make it personal. The truth is, there is no rule on how one should handle and throw the ball in a free throw. What matters is that the player should shoot the ball from the free throw line no matter how he does it. So when trying to improve your free throw shooting, better stick to what works the best for you. Do not copy other people's techniques. Make it your own and leave those techniques as theirs. Formulate   a repetitive way of shooting the ball. A free throw should be personalized. But it should also be repetitive. You should be able to repeat your free throw techniques whether you are in your court or in another court, whether you are energized or tired. You can't say you have a personal free throw technique if you can't repeat it over and over again. Shoot at the same position and distance for every free throw. Basketball courts may be located in different places or maybe marked with different paint colors. But all of these courts maintain the same distance from the _ to the free throw line. Familiarize your perfect position when making your free throws. That should help you do your perfect throw. \n Answer: Because they are lacking in practice and tips.",
            "output": [
                "Why do so many players fail to make a successful free throw?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa47573222464141a21b114f7a2c7fa9",
            "input": "Article: I began working in journalism when I was eight. It was my mother's idea. She wanted me to \"make something\" of myself, and decided I had better start young if I was to have any chance of keeping up with the competition. With my load of magazines I headed toward Belleville Avenue. The crowds were there. There were two gas stations on the corner of Belleville and Union. For several hours I made myself highly visible, making sure everyone could see me and the heavy black letters on the bag that said THE SATURDAY EVENING POST. When it was suppertime, I walked back home. \" How many did you sell, my boy?\" my mother asked. \" None.\" \" Where did you go?\" \" The corner of Belleville and Union Avenues.\" \" What did you do?\" \" Stood on the corner waiting for somebody to buy a Saturday Evening Post.\" \" You just stood there?\" \" Didn't sell a single one.\" \" My God, Russell!\" Uncle Allen put in, \" Well, I've decided to take the Post.\" I handed him a copy and he paid me a nickel. It was the first nickel I earned. Afterwards my mother taught me how to be a salesman. I would have to ring doorbells, address adults with self-confidence, and persuade them by saying that no one, no matter how poor, could afford to be without the Saturday Evening Post in the home. One day, I told my mother I'd changed my mind. I didn't want to make a success in the magazine business. \" If you think you can change your mind like this,\" she replied, \" you'll become a good-for-nothing.\" She insisted that, as soon as school was over, I should start ringing doorbells, selling magazines. Whenever I said no, she would scold me. My mother and I had fought this battle almost as long as I could remember. My mother, dissatisfied with my father's plain workman's life, determined that I would not grow up like him and his people. But never did she expect that, forty years later, such a successful journalist as me would go back to her husband's people for true life and love. \n Answer: The competition for the job was fierce.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the boy start his job young?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0a174066f55c4ec69eb1e0a0f7514674",
            "input": "Article: Machu Picchu is considered to be a truly extraordinary archaeological  discovery and is one of South America's largest tourist sites. As many as one thousand visitors visit the ancient Incan  ruins daily. What draws vacationers and adventurers to this remote location high in the Andes Mountains of Peru ? A large part of the attraction is the mysteries that surround Machu Picchu. For example, Machu Picchu is considered \"the lost city\" of the Incas because it was never found by Spanish invaders and was known to only a few local peasants for almost four hundred years. The \"city in the clouds\", Machu Picchu's lasting beauty comes from the careful blending of its striking architecture with its mountaintop environment. Its greatest skill shows are in the stone structures, which equals that of the ancient Egyptians. The stone blocks were so appropriately cut that they fit together without the need for mud. The largest stones at Machu Picchu weigh as much as fifteen tons! It has been difficult to explain how the huge blocks were transported. The buildings, including many that have survived lots of earthquakes, contain stones which _ so perfectly that a knife cannot be forced between them. When compared to other ancient civilizations, it is difficult to understand how Machu Picchu could have been missed by the Spanish and lost from history for four hundred years. For many of the mysteries of Machu Picchu being unsolved, it is clear why Machu Picchu remains \"the most famous ruins in all of South America\". \n Answer: Machu Picchu is the largest stone city of the world.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the followings is NOT a mystery of Machu Picchu?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-892d57a839184b67b6696ee4f53ede8b",
            "input": "Article: Do you like listening to English songs to learn the language ? Some students don't believe doing so can help them learn English. I have to say they think wrongly. Listening to English songs can help you learn the language better. You may ask how. Just read on. Lyrics are not easily forgotten. You listen to them over and over again throughout your life. Once you learn them, they are going to stay with you, and you are going to review them repeatedly because you enjoy them. If you learn just one song per week for a year, those are 52 songs full of new vocabulary and phrases that you will never forget. Songs give you perfect pronunciation models. As you learn to sing them, you are practicing your pronunciation, you are imitating native speakers, and you are learning how to speak better. The rhythm naturally leads to better pronunciation, better intonation , and more fluency. When you start paying attention to the lyrics, your listening skills naturally improve. Once you learn a few songs, you'll start gathering a lot of songs and vocabulary. A larger vocabulary usually means better listening comprehension. Just the fact that you start caring about the lyrics will activate your listening skills and listening to music in English will become an enjoyable learning exercise. Another huge _ is that you get to practice your grammar. Some of the most intelligent grammar questions my students bring to me come from songs. You can probably even map the entire language into pop songs and greatly improve your grammar by learning the lyrics to your favorite songs. Now we can conclude that listening to English songs can really help you learn the language well. So listen to more English songs in your free time. You can put the lyrics on your ipod or iphone and read them as you listen. Believe me, and you'll benefit a lot. \n Answer: Why listening to English songs helps improve our English.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b711417b0fb44f0a42ac5db316edd7c",
            "input": "Article: Christmas is perhaps the most important holiday in American culture. On Christmas Eve, children sit out with parents in the living room hanging stockings, setting up a Christmas tree, eating candy canes, and setting up milk and cookies for Santa Claus. Perhaps the most beloved figure in American history, Santa Claus has become an important icon for Christmas. I remember believing in Santa when I was a very young girl. However, as I grew older, I learned many facts that \"proved\" his existence as false. Always inquisitive by nature and very keen on the scientific method of experimentation, I was determined to use tests and observations to determine whether Santa Claus was real. The first year of tests happened when I was 5. I decided that if I stayed up all night on Christmas Eve, I could see if Santa really did come down the chimney. However, that was a _ attempt, I fell asleep that year. The next year, I was able to test if location was an issue with Santa's deliveries. That year, my family spent Christmas with the family of one of my mother's friends. At the time, I decided that if Santa was all-knowing he would know I wasn't home. Sure enough, there was a pretty pink package waiting for me the next morning. At age 7, I came up with my ultimate test to see if Santa was real. That year, I didn't send out my Christmas letter to Santa. On Christmas Eve, my mother dragged me to our local Wal-Mart and led me around the toy section. I refused to say a word, but did let my eye linger on a ballet set. I figured that \"Santa\" wouldn't know what to get me because he shouldn't be able to read my mind. However, mother would know everything that caught my eye in the store. If I got the ballet set the next morning, I would have my evidence. Christmas morning, there was the ballet set, sitting under the tree. As I didn't use it much, mother ended up returning it a few days later. She claimed Santa was generous enough to leave a receipt. That was the end to my mission to discover the existence of Santa. Now, I can look back on all of these with fond nostalgia . The magic and mystery of it all made Christmas a fun time. Santa was a big part of my childhood. \n Answer: He stayed up all night on Christmas Eve and saw Santa come down the chimney.",
            "output": [
                "How did the writer prove the existence of Santa Claus as false?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb10030f73f5437395fa8e60b6da420c",
            "input": "Article: The whole body is covered with skin.The surface of the skin is dead(like the hair and the nails),but it is made from a living layer just under the surface.The outside dead layers wear off all the time,with new ones replacing them,and the body forms a totally new skin every three weeks. The skin protects the body from the outside world and it passes information from the outside.It helps to keep water in the body and to keep the body at the same temperature.Becteria can't get in through the skin unless it is damaged. If the weather is cold,the blood vessels in the skin squeeze down,or contract ,so that as little blood as possible comes near the surface.This means that less warmth is lost to the outside.This makes the skin look pale,or even \"blue\".At the same time,the hairs on the skin are pulled upright by tiny muscles. When it is hot,the blood vessels expand ,or get wider again,to allow plenty of blood to run near the surface of the skin.This helps the body to lose heat,and the skin may look red.At the same time,the sweat glands produce more sweat,which cools the skin. If your skin has ever been numb ,you will realize how important the feeling from the skin is.Nerves in the skin are sensitive to heat and cold,sharpness,hardness and softness,wetness and dryness and pain.If one is not able to feel these things,which can act as warnings,he is likely to be burned,cut or hurt in other ways. The colour of the skin depends on special colour cells .These are just below the top layers of the skin.They are needed as protection from some harmful ray of the sun.The stronger the sun is,the more important it is to have a dark skin.People with pale skins may \"tan\" in the sun.This happens when the body produces extra colour cells in the skin for protection.In the sun,the skin produces a vitamin(vitamin D)which is needed for strong bones. \n Answer: The surface of the skin is made of a living layer.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b0557fe5f8764cc2ac71f9165b77d641",
            "input": "Article: In a few years,you might be able to speak Chinese,Korean,Japanese,French,and English-and all at the same time. This sounds incredible,but Alex Waibel,a computer science professor at US's Car-negie Mellon University (CMU) and Germany's University of Karlsruhe,announced last week that it may soon be reality. He and his team have invented software and hardware that could make it far easier for people who speak different languages to understand each other. One application,called Lecture Translation,can easily translate a speech from one language into an-other. Current translation technologies typically limit speakers to certain topics or a limited vocabulary. Us-ers also have to be trained how to use the programme. Another machine can send translations of a speech to different listeners depending on what languagethey speak. \"It is like having a s _ translator right next to you but without disturbing the person next to you,\"Waibel said Prefer to read? So- called Translation Glasses transcribe  the translations on a tiny liquid-crystal display(LCD) screen. Then there's the Muscle Translator. Electrodes capture the electrical signals from facial muscle movements made naturally when a person is mouthing words. The signals are then translated into speech.The electrodes could be replaced with wireless chips implanted in a person's face,according to research-ers. During a demonstration held last Thursday in CMU's Pittsburgh campus,a Chinese student named Sang Jun had 11 tiny electrodes attached to the muscles of his cheeks,neck and throat. Then he mouthed-without speaking aloud- a few words in Mandarin  to the audience. A few seconds later,the phrase was displayed on a computer screen and spoken out by the computer in English and Spanish: \"Let me introduce our new prototype.\" This particular instrument,when fully developed,might allow anyone to speak in any number of lan-guages or,as Waibel put it,\"to switch your mouth to a foreign language\". \"The idea behind the universi-ty's prototypes is to create'good enough' bridges for cross- cultural exchanges that are becoming more common in the world,\"Waibel said. With spontaneous  translators,foreign drivers in Germany  could listen to traffic warnings on the radio; tourists in China could read all the signs and talk with local people;leaders of different coun-tries could have secret talks without any interpreters there. \n Answer: A lecture translation can translate what you said into other languages easily.",
            "output": [
                "What can't be learned from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5f7ca18d176e4be688cded208114b1f6",
            "input": "Article: Why do we dream?It's a question researchers have been studying for years. Now new research suggests that some dreams may result from the brain's effort to keep learning, even as we sleep. In a study in Boston, 100 volunteers were trained for an hour on a maze  .They tried to find their way through the difficult puzzle as quickly as possible. Then half of the volunteers were allowed to sleep for 90 minutes. The other half stayed awake, reading or relaxing. The ones who slept were asked to describe their dreams when they woke up. After the rest, the volunteers were asked again to solve the maze. Those who hadn't slept showed no improvement or did even worse after the break. Sleepers who didn't report any maze related dreams did better but showed only a little improvement. However, four nap-takers who reported dreaming about the maze showed a surprising improvement. They scored 10 times higher after sleeping and dreaming about the maze. Even though the number of dreamers was small, the researchers noted that the gap in learning between the dreamers and non-dreamers was so wide that the finding was significant  . The dreamers had all performed poorly on the test before dreaming about it. That suggests that struggling with a task might be the _ that leads the sleeping brain to focus on it and work on how to deal with it. \"It's almost as if your brain is going through everything that happened today,\"Dr Stickgold,a scientist at Harvard Medical School, said. \"The things you're obsessed   with are the ones that your brain forces you to continue to do with.\" \n Answer: Learning while you dream",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-10d8df6b503544bab2e1b5ebe7876772",
            "input": "Article: This could be the perfect gift for the partner, who embarrasses you on the dance floor. Smart socks, which can teach to dance, may be the answer for _  The socks have been developed as a running tool to help runners improve their skills. Thanks to the socks, users can accurately  record not only know far and fast they run but also how well. It means the user maximizes theirperformance, and reduces damage to body and prevents hurt. The hi-tech socks are made of special fibers  that watch the movements of your feet. They look, feel and can be washed like normal clothes. Sensorsrecordeach movement and send it by an ankle transmitter   to a smart phone. Then a \"virtual coach\" application shows the information and can tell the user what they are doing wrong, and help to improve skill in any task with feet. The socks should be useful to athletes and weekend joggers. \"People think running is so easy and of course everybody can do it but not necessarily safely and well,\" Dr Davide Vigano said. A recent study showed that between 60 and 80percent of runners got hurt per year. This is pretty much more than any other human activity. Researchers say the technology can also be developed to teach people how to dance, play sports such golf, or even to help to teach women to walk better in high heels. Mr. Vigano said, \"People could all benefit from the idea. We have had interest from all sorts of sports, like skiing, football, cycling and golf. Anything where you have to use your feet can use it. It could even be put in high heels to help women walk in them safely.\" Socks are just the start, and the technology could be used in gloves, hats and boots. The socks, anklet and software package, are expected to be sold for around PS120, which will go onsalein March. \n Answer: They can monitor the movement of feet.",
            "output": [
                "What's special about fibers that the socks are made of ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e5204baa96484ba398fdd2e4c712e4b2",
            "input": "Article: By 2012,the world may need to cope with as many as 50 million people who have fled their homeland,not for political or economic reasons but because the environment has been so badly changed that it cannot support life. The statement has been released by the United Nations to mark UN Disaster Reduction Day. More people are made homeless by environmental disasters than by war,according to the research by the Red Cross. That reality is proved by the earthquake in Pakistan. The widely publicized disaster has brought aid from the global community,according to Janos Bogardi,director of the United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security. \"If we can move swiftly in and give them a new start where they are,then they may stay in the area. Otherwise,they become environmental refugees. Environmentalrelated migrations are most acute in SubSaharan Africa,but they also affect millions of people in Asia and India. Meanwhile,the United States is witnessing increased pressure from victims of mismanaged and worsening soil and water conditions in Mexico and Latin America.\" he says. Janos Bogardi says these refugees suffer from the impact of gradual environmental change--global warming,sea level rise,air and water pollution and more intense storms,floods and droughts that degrade the land. This is a slow process,but unfortunately a process that is very difficult to go backwards once final damage is done. Janos Bogardi says they are calling on the global community to recognize the serious situation of environmental refugees and to work together to lessen the impact of environmental disaster. \n Answer: Environmental refugees--an international problem",
            "output": [
                "What may be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-07a6b1e4ebcb4d4c96fa846da6c1b3a7",
            "input": "Article: The great white shark is the largest shark and is probably the most well-known and feared shark. The great white shark is gray or bluish above and white below. The largest Great Whites can reach lengths of 22 feet and weigh up to 5,000 pounds. The Great White has massive teeth, which are positioned in rows. When the Great White attacks, it bites its prey and shakes its head back and forth. The serrated teeth act as a saw and literally tear the victim apart. Actually the Great White Shark often swallows many of its own teeth in an attack. Great Whites employ several hunting skills depending on the prey. Most of the time, the shark will remain still underwater before attacking its prey from underneath. In the case of hunting some kinds of seals, the impact of the shark is so powerful that it knocks both the shark and the seal clear out of the water. With larger prey such as elephant seals, the shark will simply take a huge bite out of it and wait for it to bleed to death. When hunting dolphins, the shark will attack from above, to avoid detection from the dolphin's echolocation. Interestingly, a Great White Shark has never been observed giving birth. However, pregnant females have been caught. The Great White Shark is known to be ovoviviparous. Females give birth to eight or nine pups that are already about five feet in length upon birth, which is different from other egg-laying animals. Despite the fear of Great White Sharks, at least in part generated by Steven Spielberg's 1975 movie, Jaws, Great White Sharks do not target humans as prey. Most attacks are attributed to mistaken identity. Sharks can easily mistake humans for seals. Many human injuries caused by Great White Sharks are cases of test-biting. If a shark is unsure about a floating object, it often gives it test bite to determine what kind of object it is. While such bites do little damage to buoys  and other objects, they obviously can cause serious damage on the human body. \n Answer: Diet",
            "output": [
                "Which aspect is not mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cea69b876ddd4906a92393ba43e10aca",
            "input": "Article: As the only physician in a small local clinic and hospital, Katrina Poe sees dozens of patients on any given day. She's on call at the hospital in Kilmichael every day, and she gets little time with her sons, aged 3 and 3 months. But the country doctor doesn't complain about her job. It's the one she chose for herself 25 years ago while she was a fifth-grader in Kilmicahael. The daughter of two workers in a town that had produced only two other doctors, Poe might not have been expected to go to college at all, let alone medical school. But it was a challenge at first, being the town's first female and first black doctor. She even had patients who refused to see her at first. But a lot of those patients who were unwilling in the beginning are now some of her most favorite patients and have accepted her, finally. Many patients, in fact, now refuse to seek health care elsewhere. Though she's working at least 80 hours a week, Poe is sorry that she sometimes has to turn patients away. \"I just can't see everybody,\" she says. \"I'm seeing patients after hours, so it's just very busy.\"  In addition to her work at the hospital and clinic, Poe cares for all residents of the local nursing home and the local mental health facility during monthly visits. \"This town and the little hospital are fortunate to have her,\" says Calvin Johnson, Poe's husband. He says it is without a doubt \"the love and support of the people\" that make living in Kilmichael worthwhile for the family. In recognition of her services to rural medicine, the Texas-based physician staffing firm Staff Care Inc. named Poe, 35, the \"2005 Country Doctor of the Year.\" \n Answer: Poe's husband takes pride in her.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2e6004aaa2df45309125789ee6625c72",
            "input": "Article: In every school there is a \"top\" crowd that sets the pace, while the others follow their lead. Let's say the top crowd decides that it is smart to wear bright red sweaters. Pretty soon everybody is wearing a bright red sweater. There is nothing wrong with that, except the fact that on some people bright red sweater is extremely unbecoming. The situation can even become dangerous, if the top crowd decides that it is smart to drink or to drive cars at seventy miles an hour. Then the people who follow the lead are endangering their lives. They are like the sheep being led to the butcher. Now, chances are that you have come across situations like these more than once in your life; chances are that one time or another you probably did something you knew to be wrong. You may have excused yourself by saying, \"Gee, the crowd does it.\" Well, let the crowd do it, but don't do it yourself. Learn to say, \"No.\" Develop your own standards and your own judgment. If you know the crowd is planning something you disagree to, have the courage to bow out mannerly. You'll have the satisfaction of standing on your own two feet. \n Answer: Bright Red.",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1b0e03b8da564fa4bfdb02d79e97122a",
            "input": "Article: When asked what they want for a gift, most teens would say a CD player, or maybe an iPod, but I want Lego. I received my first set for my fifth birthday, a tiny pizzeria with an umbrella and a delivery truck. Since then my collection has expanded rapidly and I have built skyscrapers, constructed spaceships and designed submarines. There is a small area in my house designated   as The Lego Room. Beyond its door, I fantasize and govern my own small world of castles, modem cities, and thousands of Lego people. Each time I enter The Lego Room, a new story is created. Once, a friend asked to tour this room. Amazed by my Star Wars models, he reached for a ship and accidentally knocked over a restaurant, breaking it to pieces! This disaster became an opportunity to rebuild and I fashioned a two-story food court with a McDonald's, pizzeria, and drive-thru. It was better than the original! Ideas for new constructions fill my head and I write them down in a sketchbook. Lego represents a creative consistency   in my life, much as an artist has his canvas   and a musician, his violin. Lego has taught me to be an architect, engineer, governor, economist and so on. Lego has provided the building blocks of my future, developing my math skills and ability to follow complex directions. As I build new worlds, brick by brick, I imagine my own possibilities and opportunities. Through the \"lives\" of my Lego friends, I have been able to act out all kinds of experiences. They have served as a link between my childhood and manhood. My friends say I'm childlike and there is truth to that, but perhaps we should all find a way to keep in touch with our childhood. Lego is mine. \n Answer: A book",
            "output": [
                "What did the author receive for his fifth birthday?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0608bb28254843f3af4c32fe510e71b7",
            "input": "Article: A Swedish man was dug out alive after being snowed in his car on a forest track for two months with no food, police and local media reported on Saturday. The 45-year-old from southern Sweden was found on Friday, February17, too weak to say more than a few words. He was found not far from the city of  Umea in the north of Sweden by snowmobilers who thought they had come across a ruined car until they dug their way to a window and saw movement inside. The man, who was lying in the back seat in a sleeping bag, said he had been in the car since December 19. \"Just incredible that he's alive considering that he had no food, but also since it's been really cold for some time after Christmas.\" a rescue team member told regional daily Vasterbottens- Kuriren, which broke the news. Ebbe Nyberg, duty officer at the Umea police, said police saw no reason to doubt that the man had been stuck in the car for a very long time. \"We would not make up something like this. The rescue services were on site too and saw the same as us.\" he told Vasterbottens-Kuriren. Umea University Hospital, where the man is recovering after being rescued by police and a rescue team, said in a statement he was doing well considering the circumstances. Doctors at the hospital said humans would normally be able to survive for about four weeks without food. Besides eating snow, the man probably survived by going into a dormant-like state, physician Stefan Branth told Vasterbottens-Kuriren. \"A bit like a bear that hibernates. Humans can do that.\" he said. \"He probably had a body temperature of around 31 degrees which the body adjusted to. Due to the low temperature, not much energy was used up.\" \"Why the man ended up under the snow in the forest remains unknown,\" police said. \n Answer: Snowmobilers.",
            "output": [
                "Who found the Swedish man in the snow?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fcd6e94abb5a44b3be15b945457c53c3",
            "input": "Article: Sales Executive Pindan Labor Solutions is expanding and we require a sales executive. Working hours from Monday to Friday,12 months a year. However,some weekend work may be required. You will be assisting our team of consultants with business development. You can get a monthly income of $5,200.Essential requirements include previous sales experience,strong communication skills,high level of computer competency ,WA driver's license. For more information,please email stefan@tigerhospitality.com or phone 0452 236 541. Martial Arts  Trainer GoKanRyu Karate has a number of positions available for people who have an interest in the martial arts. The position will involve training new students on working days. An expected first year income of $45,000.Excellent people skills and previous experience are essential. Own car and license required. Please contact Tim Hort on 0285 371 464 or kyle@hospitalio.com for further information. Workshop Manager Located in Wongan Hills WA,Beckman Machinery wants a service/workshop manager to join our successful team. Your role will be to provide the best possible service to customers,Monday to Friday. You must have trade certificate,excellent communication and computer skills. Knowledge of agricultural products is essential. You can get at least $50,000 in your first year. Please call Stuart 0427 777 105 or email stuart@boekemans.com.au if any further information is needed. Farmhand A general farmhand is required to work on a farm located 40kms from Condobolin.A driver's license is essential. Duties include:sheep,cattle work;cropping & irrigation .Weekends off,except during sowing and harvest periods.$39,000 a year. If you are interested in farm work,please email diane.moisis@cwcc.nsw.edu.au or call 0167 327 047 for detailed information. \n Answer: A sales executive.",
            "output": [
                "Of the four positions,which offers the top yearly income?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-249c30285a6c4dee96fb159e7973dd29",
            "input": "Article: \"Plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity and nutrient availability seem to have _ the benefits of increased carbon dioxide,\" said researchers from the National University of Singapore. 45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers point out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for the shrinking of creatures. \"We do not yet know the exact mechanisms involved, or why some organisms are getting smaller while others are unaffected,\" the researchers said. \"Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we can't yet quantify.\" The change was big in cold-blooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles  smaller. An increase of only 1degC caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism . Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth. There is a recent report on warmer temperatures' negative effects on plankton ,the base of the marine ecosystem. Warm-blooded animals weren't immune from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller; Mammals have been miniaturized too. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaker. And polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records. This isn't the first time this has happened in Earth's history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a longer time than the current climate change. The speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times. So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in the future. \n Answer: Species become smaller as climate warms",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1ef6ab527ecd407f9b0cf2fd8601cb86",
            "input": "Article: A popular saying goes, \"Sticks and stone may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.\" However, that's not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn't matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves - the positive and negative effects are just as lasting. We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We're usually too embarrassed to admit it, though. But we really shouldn't be, because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit. This \"self-talk\" helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Beware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to  _ . The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying, \"Good job!\" Words possess power because of their lasting effects. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it true? Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn't pass this test, then it's better left unsaid. Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem  and motive others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours. ks5u \n Answer: Talking to ourselves is believed to be good for our health.",
            "output": [
                "Why should we not feel embarrassed when talking to ourselves?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cba0f44aa81a41ee8e67fd964391a477",
            "input": "Article: Bear Story Campers Gene and Marie Marsden took pride in being good citizens when in the wild.While driving miles to the Green River Lakes area,they instructed their children in the rules they'd learned in the bear safety handbook put out by the Bridger-Teton Forest Service.The number-one rule was\"Don't feed the bears!\"-whether intentionally or not.Warning the kids not to go anywhere near a bear,the Marsdens had no problem with the intentional part,but the unintentional part was not as easy to avoid as they thought. Mr.and Mrs.Marsden did their best to keep a tidy camp.While the handbook had said to hang all food at least ten feet off the ground,they did that and locked their food in their trailer at night.Afraid that the scent of the bait  might attract a bear,they even locked up Marie's fishing pole.Being sure nothing was left out,they went to bed. Gene says he now regrets not having taken their dog Spike into the tent at night,but they liked having him on guard.On the night of the encounter ,Spike would not stop barking,and Marie knew he must be sounding the alarm on something more dangerous.When she unzipped the tent and shone her flashlight,she saw a young bear. They all piled into the car and drove quickly down the trail.They drove to a pay phone twenty miles away and called a Fish and Game Department ranger,who identified the bear by the white ruff the Marsdens had seen around his neck.The authorities informed the Marsdens that the bear was a young male that they'd been keeping an eye on. The next morning,the Marsdens heard helicopters circling over the mountain and wondered if it might have something to do with the bear.After spending the night in the public campground,they drove back to their site.Wandering the area in search of clues,Marie came to a stop below a tallest tree.She slapped her head and shouted,\"Oh no!\" \"What is it?\"Gene asked. Marie pointed at the ground where Spike's dog food bowl lay upside down. A week after their return home,the Marsdens read the headline in their local paper.\"Bear Euthanized in Wind Rivers.\"According to the article,the Fish and Game Department had shot the young bear because,having been rewarded for invading  a human campsite,it would likely do so again. The Marsdens knew they had been lucky in the encounter,yet much to their shame and sadness,they also knew that the bear had not. \n Answer: The Fish and Game Department.",
            "output": [
                "Who is mostly to blame in the bear's death according to the writer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f16ac5ec3b4d4772874a528f2fff1bc9",
            "input": "Article: The rise of the so-called \"boomerang generation\" is revealed in official figures showing that almost one in five graduates in their late 20s now live with their parents. By contrast, only one in eight university graduates had failed to fly the nest by the same age 20 years ago. It also found that grown-up sons are twice as likely as their sisters to still be living with their parents in their late 20s. With nearly a quarter of men approaching 30 still living at home, the findings are bound to lead to claims of a \"generation of mummy's boys\". Young professionals in their late 20s or early 30s have been nicknamed the \"boomerang generation\" because of the trend toward returning to the family home having initially left to study. Recent research has suggested that young people in Britain are twice as likely to choose to live with their parents in their late 20s than their counterparts elsewhere in Europe.  Growing housing prices, rising student debts and the effects of recession  on the job market have forced a wave of young people to move back into the family home at an age when they would normally be moving out. But commentators warned that the phenomenon may have more to do with young people facing \" _ \" prospects than simply a desire to save money. While the proportion of those of university or college age moving out from the family home has continued to rise in the last 20 years, among those in their mid and late 20s the trend has been reversed. Overall 1.7 million people aged from 22 to 29 now share a roof with their parents, including more than 760,000 in their late 20s. In 1988, 22.7 per cent of men aged 25 to 29 were still living with their parents but last year the proportion was 24.5 per cent. \n Answer: More young professionals are returning home to live.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1e8a45a2ed3f458db7a1790e5b9bb2b6",
            "input": "Article: The sound of the rain hitting the windows wakes me up and it sounds just exactly as it did 15 years ago, which reminded me of my girlhood. It was my second day of school and it was raining heavily. I could not resist the habit I had at home, so I fell asleep right at my desk. I woke up to find myself not in the classroom but carried on Dad's back. We were halfway home. It was the last time I felt close to him. After that, he never carried me or hugged me as other fathers did to their children. I was not bothered much by this thought. I was proud of it, for I felt independent and \"grown up.\" However, there were times when I felt depressed by not having sought comfort from him. One day, I was writing Chinese characters as homework. I hated doing this more than anything. Dad came and stood behind me for a moment, watching me scratching the paper. Then he said, \"This kind of writing needs patience. Your writing is not strong enough. Press harder.\" I follow his advice for the next two words, but as I could see little improvement, I followed my own method----the fast way. His advice did not improve my writing but our relationship. As I grew older, I found out that he had finished his schooling in Grade 6, which was the highest grade in the town then, so he was considered to be a scholar. People used to ask him to write something to put on the walls, but he never felt very useful. He often said to me, \"As you can see, this family is going to count on you. We are useless to improve you anything for your future.You have to get an education to change the life for yourself.\" As a result of his expectation, I have made it through high school and through college. \n Answer: She doubted it.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author first react to father's suggestion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b93c7208b3fa4864aba0977d94767f1b",
            "input": "Article: Many a online shopper stayed up until 2 am on Sunday, looking through the Internet to buy products being sold at half price before they could _ (be bought)by other shoppers. Tens of millions of the Internet users were crazy to take advantage of the halfprice promotion, started by the ecommerce  giant Alibaba Group on Sunday, Nov. 11, which is known as Singles' Day in China, and is the Chinese answer to Cyber Monday in the United States. By 7 pm on Sunday, 14.1 billion yuan's worth of sales was made on tmall. com and taobao. com. That could make Singles' Day the biggest ecommerce sales day on record. The research company comScore said US online retailers   saw $ 1.25 billion of sales during last year's Cyber Monday, the day after Thanksgiving weekend and the busiest day for online retailers as US shoppers start to prepare for Christmas. Singles' Day originated with university students, and was later adopted by ecommerce companies as a promotional opportunity. Ecommerce companies, including Jingdong Mall and Amazon China, also took part in the promotion.\" In the past, people only shopped online occasionally, but now, online shopping is a lifestyle accepted by many,\" said Zhang Yong, Tmall president. Alibaba began to hold Singles' Day promotions in 2009, and last year, its sales totaled 5.2 billion yuan.\"I don't know whether we would lose money, but I don't think we could earn much on this day by selling goods at half price,\" said Hao Hongfeng, chairman of Beijing Jiuxian ECommerce, a liquor retailer in Beijing who took part in the event. He said it is a good opportunity for online retailers to get their names known. \n Answer: Some college students.",
            "output": [
                "Who first introduced Singles' Day to the public?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-600733838e7e4b758a3b12a646ee5fb5",
            "input": "Article: Now I'd like to talk to you about your final exam. The exam will be held next Thursday, the last day of the exam week. Remember to bring two of three pens in case you run out of ink. And unlike the midterm exam, this test will not include multiple --- choice questions; it will consist entirely of essays . You'll have to answer three of the five essay questions. The exam will be comprehensive  , which means you'll be responsible for all of the subject matters we covered in class this term, I would suggest you review your midterm exam as well as textbooks and your class notes. The final exam will count as 50 percent of your grade of the course. The research project   will count as 20 percent and the midterm exam 30 percent. I'll be in my office almost all day next Tuesday. If you run into any problems, please drop in. Good luck to you and I'll see you on Tuesday. \n Answer: On a Friday",
            "output": [
                "When will the final exam take place?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c3b28ce3602a49a1aece0db19725cb4d",
            "input": "Article: Once, there was a woman who had so many problems, so many worries, so many troubles... that at times she felt she had more troubles than anyone else in the world! She was depressed. She thought she could never overcome her troubles, so she decided to end her life. That night she went to sleep early and she planned to commit suicide the next morning. But that night she had a dream... She found herself in a large cave, surrounded by gray bundles   of all shapes and sizes. Walking toward her was a woman with flowing long white hair. \"Who are you?\" asked the dreamer, \"and what is this place?\" \"This is the cave of bundles of troubles and I am the keeper of the cave.\" \"Bundles of troubles?\" \"Yes,\" the keeper explained, \"each person who walks on the earth carries a bundle of troubles on their left shoulder.\" The dreamer turned to look and there was a gray bundle on her left shoulder--it had been there all the time and she never noticed! \"If you wish,\" the keeper continued,\" you can take your bundle down and exchange it for another.\" \"Really?\" The woman lowered the bundle from her left shoulder. Oh, it felt so good to put it down. Then she picked up a beautiful bundle. The keeper said, \"Why don't you open it and look inside?\" So the woman opened it and looked inside. \"But these are the same troubles I brought here!\" The keeper of the cave smiled softly and nodded. \"That's usually what happens, but do not despair, for there is another bundle on your right shoulder that should help lighten your load.\" The woman turned and saw another bundle on her right shoulder. It had been there all the time and she never noticed! The woman took it down and opened it. Inside were her talents, her gifts, her hopes and opportunities. The woman felt her heart filled with joy and she looked up to thank the keeper of the cave, but she was gone; all were gone. And she found herself sitting up in her own bed with the morning sun streaming through the window, shining on her face. \n Answer: Because she felt she had too many troubles to overcome.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the woman decide to end her life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-62131d729ff44c83b0ddbb3a7feb4b73",
            "input": "Article: At the age of 11, Peter Lynch started caddying  at Brae Burn Country Club in Newton, Mass. \"It was better than a newspaper carrier, and much more profitable,\" the Fidelity vice chairman recalls. He kept it up during the summers for almost a decade. \"You get to know the course and can give the golf players advice about how to approach various holes,\" he says. \"Where else, at age 15 or 16, can you serve as a trusted adviser to high-powered people?\" One of those people was George Sullivan, then president of Fidelity's funds, who was so impressed with Lynch's smarts that he hired him in 1966. \"There were about 75 applicants for 3 job openings,\" Lynch says now. \"But I was the only one who had caddied for the president for 10 years.\" In between caddying and managing money, Lynch went to Boston College on a scholarship from a program called the Francis Ouimet Fund. Named after the 1913 winner of the U.S. Open, the fund launched in 1949 which is open to Massachusetts kids only. Ouimet executive director Robert Donovan says, \"Help with college is a logical extension of friendly relation between golfers and their favorite caddies, because there is a close tie to train up them to be excellent that happens between the players and the kids who carry their golf poles. And for the teens, caddying is all about being around successful role models.\" It is obvious that caddies who are finally successful include all kinds of outstanding personnel, from actor Bill Murray, to New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman, to former GE chairman and CEO Jack Welch. Of course, the great number of financial giants who caddied in their youth might be coincidence, but Dick Connolly thinks not. \"Caddying life teaches you a lot about business, and about life,\" he says. \"You learn to show up early and look people in the eye when you shake their hand, and you learn how to read people -- including who's likely to cheat and who isn't.\" Connolly is a longtime investment advisor at Morgan Stanley's Boston office, a former Ouimet scholarship student and, along with Peter Lynch and Roger Altman, one of the program's biggest supporters. He wants to share the most important lesson he learned on the links, so he says: \"One golfer I caddied for told me that if you want to succeed in any field -- golf or business -- you have to spend a lot of lonely hours, either practicing or working, when you'd rather be partying with your friends. That's true, and it stuck with me.\" \n Answer: His caddying experiences contributed to his later career.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may Peter Lynch agree about caddying?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c6d6a8b901f34c2aaab339c826046b4f",
            "input": "Article: Three \"Great Walls\" built around the United States' Tornado Alley could reduce tornadoes from destroying billions of dollars in property and endangering millions of lives, a physicist has claimed. Professor Rongjia Tao of Temple University, Philadelphia unveiled a proposal this week calling for the construction of three 1,000-foot barriers up to 100 miles long, which would act like hill ranges and soften winds before tornadoes could form, the BBC reports. The $16.9 billion plan would call for the faux hill ranges in North Dakota, along the border between Kansas and Oklahoma, and in Texas and Louisiana, ostensibly saving billions of dollars in damage every year, Tao said. The walls would not shelter towns, he said, but instead would soften the streams of hot southern and cold northern air that form tornadoes when they clash in the first place. But critics laughed at Tao's proposals. Leading tornado experts pointed to areas that are already protected by hill ranges the size of the barriers Tao is proposing, yet still have plenty of tornados, like parts of Oklahoma, Arkansas and Missouri. And even if the plan did work, it would create more problems than it would solve, scientists said, by creating catastrophic weather side effects. \"Everybody I know is of 100% agreement - this is a poorly conceived idea,\" Professor Joshua Wurman of the Center for Severe Weather Research. \"From what I can gather his concept of how tornadoes form is fundamentally flawed . Meteorologists  cringe  when they hear about 'clashing  hot and cold air'. It's a lot more complicated than that.\" \n Answer: The different opinions on the proposal that the walls will reduce the loss caused by tornadoes.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9da7c3ebf873454682334c9287d60a4a",
            "input": "Article: Are you the type of person who always says\"yes\"?I've come to learn that it is very im-portant to learn to say NO!It's okay. People are still going to like you. They may even respect you more because they know you are honest. I,m not saying to say\"no\" to someone who really needs your help. I'm talking about re-fusing that meeting that you really do not want to attend or that birthday party that you don't want to be a guest at. Think for a moment how you feel when you say YES to something that you really don't want to do. If you're like I once was,you can't sleep at night and you think about it too much. It weighs on your mind. You try to find ways out. Whatever you're saying to yourself,if you really wanted to go,you wouldn't have all of these thoughts. So,why not just say NO from the beginning? Maybe you feel like if you don't show up at the meeting(by the way,it is not one you must attend) your boss isn't going to like you or your co-workers won't respect you. Maybe you feel as if your mom,dad or sisters won't love you as much if you don't do everything for them that they ask every occasion. If these people are your true friends,family members,or a good boss,they will like or love you the same no matter what. People treat you the way you teach them to,and if you're some-one who always says\"yes\" then that's what they,re expecting. You need to do what is right for you. Of course we do have real obligations in life to ful-fill,but we do not have to do everything others want us to do. \n Answer: We should help others in need.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements would the writer agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95144876933b4f33a3eb533c633cf78d",
            "input": "Article: Anyone driving the twists of Highway 1 between San Francisco and Los Angeles recently may have glimpsed a Toyota Prius car with a curious-looking thing on the roof. Harder to notice was that the person at the wheel was not actually driving. The car is a project of Google, which has been working in secret but in plain view( anyhow, no one can keep such a thing from the public) on vehicles that can drive themselves, using artificial-intelligence software that can sense anything near the car and imitate the decisions made by a human driver. With someone behind the wheel to take control if something goes wrong and a technician in the passenger seat to monitor the navigation system , seven test cars have driven 1,000 miles without human intervention and more than 140,000 miles with only occasional human control. One even drove itself down Lombard Street in San Francisco, one of the steepest and curviest streets in the nation. The only accident, engineers said, was that one Google car was rear-ended   when it stopped at a traffic light. Autonomous cars are years from mass production, but technologists who have long dreamed of them believe that they can transform society as profoundly as the Internet has. Robot drivers react faster than humans, have 360-degree perception and do not get distracted or sleepy, the engineers argue. They speak in terms of lives that could be saved and injuries that could be avoided--- more than 37,000 people died in car accidents in the United States in 2008. The engineers say the technology could double the capacity of roads by allowing cars to drive more safely while closer together. Because the robot cars would eventually be less likely to crash, they could be built lighter, reducing fuel consumption. But of course, to be truly safer, the cars must be far more reliable than, say, today's personal computers, which crash on occasion and are frequently infected.    The Google research program using artificial intelligence to revolutionize the automobile is proof that the company's ambitions reach beyond the search engine business. The program is also a departure from the mainstream of innovation  in Silicon Valley, which has turned toward social networks and Hollywood-style digital media. However, the Google researchers said the company did not yet have a clear plan to create a business from the experiments. \n Answer: When driving on the Lombard Street, all test cars broke down.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f13cce82e2b4d8eaf5d29856ff8d9c4",
            "input": "Article: FOR thousands of years, Stonehenge has confused visitors with a seemingly unanswerable question: Why would anyone carry so many huge stones across Britain and put them in a ring? It seems even stranger when you think of the fact that it was done by prehistoric people working without modern technology, not even a wheel. Stonehenge has started endless debates over the centuries. Experts have said at different times that it was a temple, a calendar   or a graveyard  . Yet \"all the ideas to date could be mistaken,\" said Julian Spalding, a famous art critic   and former director of some of the UK's leading museums. \"We've been looking at Stonehenge the wrong way: from the earth, which is very much a 20th century viewpoint,\" he told The Guardian. Spalding has put forward a new theory about Stonehenge in his latest book, Realisation: From Seeing to Understanding. \"The current theories about Stonehenge are based on looking across the ground, which is a modern idea,\" he writes in his new book. He told The Guardian that in ancient times, spiritual ceremonies didn't happen on the ground. Prehistoric people believed that in this way they could get closer to the heavens. So Spalding says that \"rituals   at Stonehenge were performed in the same way - not among the stones, but on top of them,\" reported The Washington Post. He re-imagines a scene in his book, explaining how the mysterious site was used: Stonehenge held up a large, circular platform  . It was a raised altar   reached by stairs, and thousands of people might have worshipped   there. To support his theory, Spalding lists examples from ancient civilizations worldwide. In China, Peru and Turkey, such sacred   monuments   were built high up, whether on man-made or natural sites. In an interview with The Washington Post, Spalding said the wood that would have been used for the platform had long since rotted away  , leaving only the stone pillars   that supported it behind. So far scholars have had \"a fair degree of skepticism  \" about these ideas, according to The Huffington Post. Sir Barry Cunliffe, prehistorian and Oxford University archaeology   professor, said: \"He could be right, but I know of no evidence to support it ... There are a large number of stone circles around the country which clearly didn't have a platform on top. So why should Stonehenge?\" \n Answer: A new theory about Stonehenge.",
            "output": [
                "What is the article mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-be9149a8be294b26864aece962b10ce6",
            "input": "Article: British singer Sarah Brightman began training for a 2015 flight to the International Space Station where she hopes to become the first professional musician to sing from space, the company arranging the trip said on Tuesday. Brightman, a famed soprano   who starred in Andrew Lloyd Webber' s \"Phantom of the Opera\" , will pay about $ 52 million for a 10-day stay aboard the orbital outpost, Tom Shelley, president of privately owned Space Adventures, said. Brightman, who will become the eighth privately funded space tourist, is scheduled to fly in September 2015. Her training to fly on a Russian Soyuz capsule began last fall. Brightman has planned to be the first professional musician to sing from space. But she faces competition from Lady Gaga, who, according to media reports late last year, intends to be the first when _ performs one song in space in early 2015 on a Virgin Galactic flight. Virgin Galactic, part of Richard Branson's Virgin Group, plans to offer suborbital  space flights. Brightman said in 2012 that she would travel to the space station, but her plans haven't been confirmed until now. So far. Space Adventures has arranged for nine private missions to the space station, a $ 100 billion research laboratory that flies about 260 miles above the earth. Microsoft co-founder Charles Simonyi made two trips. Brightman will be the first private citizen to visit the station since Cirque du Soleil founder Guy  Lalibarte paid about $ 35 million for an 11-day stay in September 2009. Google co-founder Sergey Brin has an option to fly on the next available Soyuz seat after  Brightman, which most likely will be in 2017, Shelley told Reuters. \n Answer: To give some information about Brightman.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2dda72a9e39048acb4c1fd18c2abdaa5",
            "input": "Article: When I first got an e-mail account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. Now it seems that every time I check my e-mail,I have an endless series of advertisements and other _ that do not interest me at all. If we want e-mail to continue to be useful, we need specific laws that make spamming a crime. If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam, the problem will certainly get much worse. Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly. As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products,individual e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails. Would people continue to use e-mail if they had to deal with an annoying amount of spam each time? This problem is troubling individuals and companies as well. Many spam e-mails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company. Companies rely on e-mail for their employees to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks, and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively. Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks. These computer problems raise production costs of companies, which are, in the end, passed on to the consumer. For these reasons, I believe that lawmakers need to legislate against spare. Spammers should be fined, and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people. E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate conveniently, but spam is destroying this convenience. \n Answer: More advertisers begin to promote sales through spam.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, what is the major cause of the flooding spam?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18dbf5c74b594df0bb7dee2c38233b35",
            "input": "Article: I can remember the day my father came home from the war. As he walked up the front path of our home, he saw Mum and me and he dropped the suitcase. I was only five years old so Dad made a fuss of me, then began making an even bigger fuss of my mother. This left me free to examine all the stuff lying around the broken suitcase, and I was quick to notice a newspaper advertisement displaying a new piano. When Dad saw me holding up the newspaper cutting, he smiled. \"Yes, that's right,\" he said. \"I bought your mum a piano for ten pounds down and two pounds a week.\" A few moments later, a horse pulled a cart with a piano on top. Soon we all stared at it in our small lounger room. Mum had never been close to a piano before, except at the kindergarten I attended, and she used to say how wonderful it would be if the teachers could teach her to play. After tea that night, Mum began to teach herself to play. She plinked the keys for about two hours and drove everybody in the street mad, until Dad gently said, \"Enough is enough.\" From that day on, she would plink between doing the cooking and housework. Three months went by and Mum was now a skilled pianist, holding parties with all the neighbors gathering around to sing. Although we were poor, Mum felt like a princess and was delighted at all the attention she was receiving. At the height of Mum's happiness, I began to notice that Dad was looking increasingly worried. It turned out that since returning from the war, he'd been unable to find a job. Then, a few weeks later, I observed two men taking Mum's piano away. Mum sobbed in the kitchen. Suddenly, it all became clear to me: no job, no money, no piano. Dad finally got a job. Mum was happy again as if he'd just win the lottery . Dad had to study to qualify as an account. Every night after dinner he'd place a stack of books on the kitchen table and study late into the night. Mum didn't say much but I could tell she was proud of Dad. Two years later, Dad bought Mum another piano. This time he paid cash for it. \n Answer: He paid part of the bill regularly.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author's Dad buy the piano for his mum?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-60fa767736794efcb3e649adddf03973",
            "input": "Article: Among the soldiers of King Philip there was a poor man who had done some good deeds. He had pleased the king in many ways, and so the king believed in him. One day this soldier was on a ship at sea when a great storm came up. The winds drove the ship upon the rocks, and it was broken. The soldier was thrown upon the shore ; and he would have died there if it had not been for the kind care of a farmer who lived nearby. When the soldier was well enough to go home; he thanked the farmer for what he had done, and promised that he would repay him for his kindness. But he did not mean to keep his promise . He did not tell King Philip about the farmer. He only said that there was a fine farm by the seashore, and that he would like very much to have it for his own. \"Who owns the farm now?\" asked Philip. \"Only a useless farmer, who has never done anything for his country,\" said the soldier. \"Very well, then,\" said Philip \"You have served me for a long time, and you shall have your wish. Go and take the farm for yourself.\" And so the soldier drove the farmer from his house and home. He took the farm for his own. The poor farmer was hurt seriously. He went  ly  to the king, and told the whole story from beginning to end. King Philip was very angry when he learned that. He sent for the soldier in a great hurry, and when he had come, he had these words burned in his forehead: \"The Ungrateful Man\". \n Answer: An Ungrateful Man",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for this story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9bc53db5abb84871a2790140cdc49a56",
            "input": "Article: Data on British buying habits in 2015 reveals a move away from products such as sausages and bacon in favour of fish and poultry . The move may be because high-end consumers are noticing growing warnings about their impact on health. That was reinforced by an assessment by the World Health Organization in October that placed cured and processed meats in the same category as asbestos, alcohol, arsenic and tobacco as major causes of cancer. Sales of sausages and bacon were down 14.4% last year compared with 2014 and sales of red meat fell by 8.1%. In contrast, sales of poultry and fish rose by 13.1% and 25.1% respectively. The sustained interest in organic food is driven by an increase in young and socially conscious\"millennials\"(born from the early 1980s to the early 2000s) with strong social, ethical and environmental values. They are prepared to pay extra for healthier options and shifting shopping patterns away from\"the big weekly shop\"in favour of\"a few and often\". At Tesco sales of organic fruit and vegetables have risen by more than 18% over the last year -- double the market average. Tesco fruit commercial manager Gareth Wilcock said,\"The revival of organic foods has been gathering pace over the last few years, with lower prices and better availability both playing a major part in that.\" George Scott, food and grocery analyst with Verdict Retail, said,\"Organic food is no longer niche   and I think this upward sales trend is here to stay. It is very significant that we have acute consumers who are prepared to trade up to the foods where they want the best quality and assurances of provenance.\" \n Answer: They're likely to cause cancer.",
            "output": [
                "What does the World Health Organization think of processed meats?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e12b4e0f5a7540d08ac2aec691b44129",
            "input": "Article: Raising a baby takes a lot of work, especially when that baby is a king penguin. Now, it looks like climate change will make life even harder for these birds. A new study suggests that warmer waters could make their numbers  _  Most king penguins live on the Crozet Archipelago, a group of islands in the Indian Ocean, about 1,000 miles north of Antarctica. After the penguin chicks are born in November (which is summer in the Southern Hemisphere), both parents spend 4 months collecting fish to feed their children. When the fish move to deeper waters in March, the adults leave their chicks alone for months. They swim hundreds of miles south. There, near the Antarctic ice, they spend the winter eating seafood, such as squid, to add their own energy stores. In October, nearly a year after their chicks are born, the parents return to feed and finish raising them. Scientists from the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) in prefix = st1 /Strasbourg,France, have been studying king penguins on the Crozet Archipelago for a decade. Starting in 1998, Yvon Le Maho and other researchers implanted electronic ID tags under the skin of hundreds of penguins. The tags have allowed Le Maho's team to know the details about them, such as how long they live, whether they return from their winter trips, and if their chicks manage to survive the winter. Ocean surface temperatures vary from year to year. And former research had shown that fewer squid, fish and other creatures grow when the water is warmer. Le Maho suspected that this drop in the food supply would make it harder for adult penguins to survive the tough times ahead. King penguins can live for up to 30 years. And for now, the population still appears healthy. But a warming trend could cause big trouble for a bird that depends on cold and ice. \n Answer: Ocean warming may threaten king penguins",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-43621e492f10419e921354ca65562c96",
            "input": "Article: New rules will let millions of Americans know where more of their food comes from. The law is known as COOL -- Country of Origin Labeling . American congress first passed the law in 2002. Stores have had to label seafood by country of origin since 2005. But industry pressure delayed other requirements until last week. Products that must now be labeled include fresh fruits and vegetables, muscle meats and some kinds of nuts. But the rules are complex, and many foods are not included. For example, organ meats are free to be labeled. So are processed foods, including cooked or smoked foods. The same food may sometimes have to be labeled and other times not. Fresh or frozen peas, for example, have to be labeled but not canned peas. Foods that are mixed with other foods are also excluded. Mixed nuts, for example, do not need to be labeled. The same is true of a salad mix that contains different things like lettuce and carrots. Or a fruit cup that combines different fruits. Also, the law doesn't include restaurants and other food service organizations. Department of Agriculture officials say the law is really meant for larger grocery stores. The United States has imported more and more food in recent years to save money and expand choices. Country-of-origin labeling has become more common lately but has still been limited in many stores. Food safety is one reason why some shoppers pay close attention to where foods came from. For example, when a large number of people recently got sick from salmonella , officials blamed peppers from Mexico. Yet the last big food scare involved spinach grown in California. But labeling is also a way for people to know they are getting what they want. Some want to buy local foods or foods from a particular country. The country-of-origin labeling law gives stores 30 days to correct any violations  that are found. Stores and suppliers that are found to be deliberately violating the law could be fined 1,000 dollars per violation. Federal inspectors are not to take action to enforce the law for six months to give time for an education campaign. Some food safety activists say they are generally pleased with the law. They call it a good step that will give people more useful information. \n Answer: It is economical and provides people with more choices.",
            "output": [
                "Why has more and more food been imported to the United States in recent years?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d892df69137e4be79317fe5704cf8998",
            "input": "Article: I've been living in China for a while -- long enough to observe the long-term deterioration   of my own native language abilities, as well as those of my fellow English speakers. This deterioration can take different forms, one of which is the non-standard usage of the words. Its source is, specifically, Chinese culture, and its target is native English speakers. Below I give some of the common ways that the Chinese environment strikes down the native speaker's linguistic competence   . Net bar: In Chinese, they're called \"\", This is fine. We generally call them \"Internet cafe\" in English. The Chinese seem to think that \"\" should be translated as \"net bar\" in English, and many careless foreigners have even been misled by this idea. Name card: In the English-speaking world, business people have lots of business meetings to discuss business. On these occasions, business people exchange specially printed pieces of paper known as business cards. In China everyone calls them \"name cards\", because in Chinese they are called \"\" and \"name card\" is a more direct translation . Bean curd. It's called \"tofu,\" OK! This English word comes from Chinese. I know all dictionaries sold in China will tell you \"\" is \"bean curd\" in English and that may represent the two characters nicely, but \"bean curd\" is more a definition than a comfortable translation. And yet some foreigners start saying \"bean curd\" rather than tofu. Deplorable  ! I think you see the pattern. The normal native way of saying something is replaced by a more unnatural way of saying it using other English words. If you've been living in China for a while and find yourself using all of these, you might be on dangerous ground. You're going to start making a fool of yourself back home. Look out! Resist Chinglish attempts at destroying your own command of your mother tongue! \n Answer: Tofu",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following expressions is more native?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a680b09b922348c6b5e7714bc76bf9eb",
            "input": "Article: Some schools are now forbidding or restricting   bake sales in an effort to fight a rise in obesity among kids. In February,the New York City Board of Education ordered that only fruits,vegetables,and approved packaged foods be sold at schools. Many students and parents objected to the restrictions on bake sales , which have long been a way to raise money for schools and community causes , including athletic events and Haitian earthquake relief.New York City finally compromised,allowing each school to hold one bake sale a month.But California and school districts in other states still limit bake sales.Should all schools forbid bake sales?     Childhood obesity has been a growing problem for decades.The number of obese school-age children in the U.S.has increased by three times in the past 20 years.According to Eric Goldstein,the head of food services for New York City schools.40 percent of the city's 1.1 million pupils are obese.         \"We have a big problem in the city,state,and the country with obesity,\"Goldstein said.\"During the school day, we have to focus on what is healthy for the mind and the body.\" A. J. Juarez, a community organizer for the Massachusetts Public Health Association,agrees.Restricting the kinds of food sold in schools is ''about teaching kids good habits,\"he said.         Nutrition experts believe schools are supposed to be a place where teachers and students set up a model environment,  and the last thing kids need is an extra source of pointless calories. But many parents and students  _ .\"It's not fair. Bake sales have always been a positive way to raise money for school programs,and to make that against the rules is not appropriate,\" said a parent. \"I don't think they should forbid bake sales,''Reese Butler,12,told The New York Times.A sixth-grader from Wrightstown,New Jersey,he reasoned that,\"Money raised by selling cookies is sometimes used for field trips and for community causes,including Haitian earthquake relief.\" For Alyssa Howell,11,a fifth-grader in Ann Arbor, Michigan,the issue of choosing what to eat is about freedom.\"It is the child's decision to make the right choice.\"she said. \n Answer: Whether to forbid bake sales at schools.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d1c16b10f6364307858933ff6782c70b",
            "input": "Article: Throughout your life, you spend the most time being with or dealing with yourself, but it is exactly yourself that you have the least understanding of. When you are going upwards in life, you tend to think too highly of yourself. When you are going downhill, you tend to have too low an opinion of yourself. It's likely that you think it wise for yourself to know your place and keep yourself from lacking courage to face whatever problem you meet with, in which case your energy and creativity would remain far from enough for your age. To get a thorough understanding of oneself is to gain a correct view of oneself and be a clear-minded realistic person-knowing both one's strength and shortage. You may look forward hopefully to the future but be sure not to expect too much, for dreams can never be fully realized. You may be brave to meet challenges, but it should be clear to you where to direct your efforts. To get a thorough understanding of oneself needs self-appreciation. Whether you hold yourself as a big tree or a thin piece of grass, whether you think you are a high mountain or a small stone, you show a state of nature that has its own reason of existence. If you really admire yourself, you'll have a real sense of self-appreciation which will give you self-confidence. As soon as you gain full confidence in yourself, you'll be enabled to fight and defeat any trouble that will otherwise defeat you. To get a thorough understanding of oneself also requires that you show yourself loving concern about your health and daily life. Unless you know perfectly well when and how to do yourself a favor, you won't be confident and ready enough even to resist the attack of illness. Therefore, just do yourself a favor whenever it's needed. In time of anger, do yourself a favor by giving an exit to it in a quiet place so that you won't be hurt by the anger itself; in time of sadness, do yourself a favor by sharing it with your friends so as to change a sad mood into a cheerful one; in time of tiredness, do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep or some other relaxation. All in all, to get a thorough understanding of oneself is to get a full control one's life. Then one will find one's life full of color1, pleasure and achievement. \n Answer: Our self-appreciation.",
            "output": [
                "Where does our self-confidence come from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fb31e40fa1d44b3cb8c2d455c3be9044",
            "input": "Article: \"Walt Disney World is banning selfie-sticks from its theme parks because selfie-sticks have become a growing safety concern for both our guests and cast.\" Disney World spokeswoman Kim Prunty said. Under a new policy, which takes effect Tuesday, the poles won't make it past the bag check at any Disney World theme park. The sticks also won't be allowed in Disney World water parks or Disney Quest, a gaming attraction at Downtown Disney. Selfie-sticks will also become forbidden at Disneyland Resort in California on June 30. The prohibition begins at Disney's parks in Paris and Hong Kong on July 1. Guests will be checked for the equipment during the routine bag check that happens near the parks' entrances. They will have an option of turning in their selfie-sticks for pick-up later or to go back to their cars or hotel rooms to keep them. Visitors will be told of the policy in locations such as the parking lots and at the resort's hotels. The prohibition will be added to the park rules post on Disney World's website. The issue has been building at Disney. Previously, the sticks were prohibited from its rides, and \"no selfie-sticks\" signs were at select rides, such as Big Thunder Mountain Railroad at Magic Kingdom. Cast members have given oral warnings to rule breakers. Selfie-stick users put smartphones and cameras on the ends of poles to extend their reach, frequently capturing theme-park moments through self-portraits. The tools have been banned in public places - including some museums and stadiums - worldwide for _ views or causing safety issues. Disney World already prohibits items such as skateboards, inline skates, wagon, folding chairs and glass containers, according to its official website, which also lists \"other items that we determine may be harmful.\" Universal Orlando has banned selfie-sticks and other loose items from certain thrill rides at Universal Studios and Islands of Adventure theme parks, but it has not set parkwide bans. \n Answer: folding chairs",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following objects has already been banned in Disney theme parks before the new policy takes effect?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c3de3501382433f9f82497a1362476c",
            "input": "Article: Andy was still traveling in Spain when he realized he had to confirm   his flight home with the airline company  . He was visiting Spain in order to improve his Spanish. When he was speaking to people face to face, he had no difficulty understanding what they said. However, when he was speaking on the phone, he still had a problem. Andy called the airline. And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine o'clock three days from that day. She also told Andy to be at the airport two hours earlier in order to check in his luggage and get a seat. Since he was leaving in three days, Andy didn't lose any time. He visited as many places as he could. He thought that it would probably be a while before he had enough money again. He wished he could come back and spend a year in Spain. Too quickly, the final day arrived. Andy left early for the airport to arrive two hours before take-off. He hated to rush. He went to the clerk to show his ticket. The clerk looked at the ticket in surprise. \"Why, sir, but your flight was at nine o'clock in the morning, and now it is eight in the evening.\" \"But I confirmed my flight,\" insisted Andy. \"Will I have to pay for another ticket?\" \"No, sir. However, the next flight out will be three days from now.\" Andy's look of shock turned to pleasure as he realized that now he could continue his vacation. \n Answer: He hoped to learn Spanish better.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Andy in Spain?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b6e6fd5f467f4087af81000d4b85dc58",
            "input": "Article: Salem, the \"City of Peace\", is a small city with a big history. It is the second established city in Massachusetts and the second oldest settlement in New England. While Salem has been long known as the \"Witch City\" due to the notable witch trials of 1692, Salem also played an important part in Revolutionary times and was an active leader of several Massachusetts' industries, which is why you will find mansions   of the country's first millionaires there. Salem is located approximately 16 miles (30 minutes) north of Boston and is bordered by Beverly, Danvers, Lynn, Marblehead, Peabody, Swampscott and the Atlantic Ocean. Boston & Maine Railroad serves Salem with transport service, and the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority maintains a rail stop and bus service. Air service is available from Beverly Airport (5 miles away) and Logan International Airport (16 miles away). Access is also available on a ferry from Boston. Salem has various restaurants including outdoor cafes, various restaurants and fine dining establishments. For shoppers there are malls and department stores, an open market, a waterfront village, as well as a downtown shopping district. There are many local artists and musicians who have shops along the city streets. On a nightly basis, one can stop in a local restaurant or nightspot and listen to some of the most creative music. World famous artwork is displayed at the Peabody Essex Museum and the work of local artists can be found displayed in many downtown shops including Artist Row. The City of Salem has long had a commitment to the promotion of art and culture. The Salem Cultural Council is a local agency of Salem residents that supports public programs and educational activities in the arts, sciences and humanities. Local artists and theaters, such as CinemaSalem, the Salem Theatre Company, the Salem State College Center for the Arts, the Griffen Theater and the Rebel Shakespeare Company provide entertainment and learning opportunities to residents and visitors alike. The Salem Arts Association, Inc. is an entirely volunteer-run nonprofit arts organization. The SAA seeks to bring art, in all its forms, to the community and bring the community, in all its diversity, to the arts in Salem, Massachusetts. \n Answer: Salem, the City of Peace",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b4b5be8118b430fabac914c4f1bdd7a",
            "input": "Article: We all make excuses. But the successful ones are those who can kill the excuses like the miserable maggots they are. I'm too tired. I don't have the time. I don't feel motivated. I'd rather do nothing. I don't have the money, equipment, space. I can't because ... We've all made the excuses. Here's how to kill them. See the positive. Excuses are usually made because we don't feel like doing something -- we're accentuating the negative. Instead, see the fun in something, the joy in it. And maintain a positive attitude, or you'll never beat the excuses. Take responsibility. Excuses are ways to get out of owning up to something. If we don't have the time, money, equipment, etc., then it's not our fault, right? Wrong. Take responsibility, and own the solution. Find a solution. Just about every problem has a solution. Don't have time? Start with just 5-10 minutes. Make the time. Wake earlier. Do it during lunch. Don't have the energy? Do it when you have higher levels of energy. You're smart. Figure out the solution. See your goal. This is your motivation -- your reason for doing it. Sure, you could just lay on the couch, but if you think about why you really want to pursue a goal, you'll be motivated. that goal and just get started. Be accountable. Have a workout partner, a project partner, a team, someone to report to. If you have to meet a coach or partner, you're more likely to do something. Watch this. Then go an do it. \n Answer: Five",
            "output": [
                "How many tips mentioned in the text to prevent excuses?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff557aa6dc1445e5b23c63a3186e38ae",
            "input": "Article: Do you sometimes argue about what seems to you to be a simple fact ? Do you argue whether it's cold outdoors or whether the car in front of you is going faster than the speed limit ? If you get into such arguments, try to think about the story about the six blind men and the elephant.The first blind man who felt the elephant's trunk said it was like a snake.The second who felt the elephant's side said it was like a wall, while the third said it was like a spear as he touched the animal's tusk.The fourth, who had hold of the elephant's tail insisted that it was like a rope.The fifth man said it looked like a tree as he put his arm around one the elephant's legs. The sixth, who was tall and got hold of the elephant's ears, said it was like a huge fan. Each man's idea of the animal came from his own experience.So if someone disagrees with you about a \"simple fact\", it's often because his experience in the matter is different from yours. To see how hard it is for even one person to make up his mind about a \"simple fact\", try this simple experiment.Get three large bowls.Put ice water in one.Put hot water in the second.Put lukewarm water in the third.Now put your left hand in the ice water.Put your right hand in the hot water.After thirty seconds, put both hands in the lukewarm water.Your right hand will tell you the water is cold.Your left hand will tell you it's hot ! \n Answer: The fact that people have different experience in the same simple fact",
            "output": [
                "What makes people think about simple facts differently ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87af458c90c346b3ad2edf385508a7ab",
            "input": "Article: If you're secretly worried about your smartphone addiction, then the new NoPhone might be just the thing you need.It looks and feels exactly like a smartphone,but it does nothing.It's just a piece of plastic that you can carry around in your hand to fool yourself. Dutch designer lngmar Larsen came up with the idea as a joke along with his two friends.To their great surprise,the idea received a lot of attention online and people from all over the world stated placing requests for NoPhones of their own.So that's when the three friends decided to turn to collect enough fund for mass production. NoPhone is currently a prototype that will cost only $12 once it hits the market.It is 5.5 inches high,2.6 inches wide and 0.29 inches thick, bringing it quite close to the latest smartphones on the market.It is described as\"battery free\",\"no upgrades necessary\",\"shatterproof \",\"waterproof''and\"an alternative to constant hand-to-phone contact that allows you to stay connected with the real world\". \"Phone addiction is everywhere.\"the designers insist.\"It's ruining your dates.It's distracting you at concerts.It's blocking sidewalks.Now,there is a real solution.With a thin.1ight and completely wireless design,the NoPhone acts as a substitute to any smart mobile device,enabling you to always have a phone to hold without giving up potential engagement with your direct environment.\" If you're interested in NoPhone,but concerned about not being able to take selfies  anymore.Don't feel upset.The makers do have an upgrade at no extra charge--the mirror sticker.That way,they say,you can enjoy'real-time'selfies with your friends when they're standing right behind you. \n Answer: It's just a piece of plastic and can do nothing.",
            "output": [
                "What can NoPhone do for people according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-92485c0a9cab4298a68de98d0377a577",
            "input": "Article: The Independent Project at the Monument Mountain Regional High School in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, is attracting huge interest in the education field. The program is a new concept that has developed a wide variety of students' abilities and excited their interest in education and self-directed learning. They are a group of students that , instead of being educated through the normal school courses, have created their own subjects and project-based interactive learning. The students are almost completely independent. They choose a goal that they want to accomplish and work on for the whole year. These goals have included some impressive attempts such as writing a novel, writing a play , learning the piano and more. Along with these larger attempts , the students meet every day to ask questions about other subjects like natural sciences , social sciences, etc. Although most of them say that they don't like math, they did eventually develop an interest in math through this independent learning technique. The education program, which has attracted a huge variety of students, allows the students to learn and develop research skills and questioning techniques and allows them to truly be interested in the subjects they are diving into . They also teach each other what they have learned , which allows them to develop different way of presenting and gathering material that they have researched. I wish that I could have participated in such a project during my high school career, like writing a novel. I am currently studying English as well as education to pursue a teaching degree. I would love to adapt independent driven projects into a classroom in the future.  This project also raises some crucial questions. Do we need to rethink the structure of the education system itself? Are too many students being simply fed through a conveyor belt  that we  blindly see as working toward their education? I think that the education system needs some improvements , and different learning styles need to be addressed immediately. Individual differences in learning are huge keys to the functioning of a classroom. This project takes the idea to a whole new level. This is an extremely important event in the development of the American education system and I think everyone needs to keep an eye out for more programs like this. \n Answer: There is little involvement from teachers.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the Independent Project?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f6c29cc962254974a7a5ee1a82de1410",
            "input": "Article: A group of people decided to climb a mountain together. They thought it was going to be an easy climb, so they laughed and talked among themselves and didn't notice the sky growing darker. They soon got lost for they couldn't see very far in front of them. They _ together that night over a fire. No one walked too far away from the group by themselves because it would surely lead to death. They sat close to each other throughout the dark hours not just for warmth, but for the fact that staying with the group was their only hope for survival. After what felt like a century, the sun started its slow climb up the sky. They were now able to see as far ahead of them as they liked, so they began to go down the mountain. They still remained as a group at this time even though there was no real need. A bond   had formed throughout the group that could not be broken or ignored. They knew each other just as well as they knew themselves. As they reached the place where they had started their journey, they knew it was time to say goodbye. Feeling at peace, they bowed   deeply to each other. All of them kept the love they created as a group close to their hearts as they made their way out into the world alone. \n Answer: Running out of food.",
            "output": [
                "What was the difficulty the group of people met in the mountain?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e5f0d56d3414c918d6d2add3917e5d6",
            "input": "Article: Some weird , wild and wonderful stories color1ed the news in 2010:  A Copenhagen bus company has put \"love seats\" on 103 of its vehicles for people looking for a partner.\"Even love at first sight is possible on the bus,\" said a spokesman for the British  Arriva company to explain the two seats on each bus that are covered in red cloth and a \"love seat\" sign.  Shoppers at an international luxury  fair in Verona, Italy, found a cell-phone-equipped golden coffin among the items on display.The phones will help \"the dead\" contact  s if they have been buried alive by mistake.  A man in New York came up with a disarming way to set off his latest bank heist, approaching the clerk's window with a large bunch of flowers and handing over a hold-up note saying \"give me the money!\"   An Englishman who lost all his legs and arms in an electrical accident successfully swam across the Channel, a challenge he had been preparing for two years.The whole cost is 400 dollars.  A set of artificial teeth made for Britain's war-time prime minister Winston Churchill known as \"the teeth that saved the world\" sold for nearly 18,000 pounds (21,500 euros,  24,000 dollars) at auction .  A British woman caused an Internet hate campaign after she was caught on camera dumping  a cat in a rubbish bin.She was fined 250 pounds (400 dollars, 280 euros) after pleading guilty.  The BBC apologized completely and without any doubts after a radio presenter jokingly announced that Queen Elizabeth II had died.  Two Australian men needing surgery after shooting each other in the buttocks  during a drinking session to see if it would hurt were charged 400 dollars separately.   A Kuwaiti MP  proposed state-aid for male citizens to take second wives, in a bid to reduce the large number of unmarried women in the state. \n Answer: It has a cell phone.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about the coffin in the second news?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73ba530702244ec98047879ad0144354",
            "input": "Article: The great Snipe is a little shore bird-not one that would be considered a great athlete. However, a recent study has shown that these slightly fat birds not only fly nonstop for long periods of time during their annual migration, but do so at record speeds. The brown migratory birds that are about the size of a pigeon spend their summers in Eastern Europe and winters in Central Africa, a distance of about 2,800 to 4,000 miles. In May 2009, a team of researchers led by Dr. Raymond Klaasen from Sweden's Lund University fitted ten Great Snipes with tiny geo-locating devices that allow scientists to figure out when and where the birds travel, and let them loose. The following year they found three of the birds and took back the devices. What they discovered was quite  _ . All three birds had flown nonstop to Central Africa in August of 2009-one had flown 4,225 miles in just 3.5 days. The second one had covered a distance of 3,833 miles in three days, while the third had managed to fly 2,870 miles in a mere 48 hours or two days. Even more surprising was that these birds had traveled at speeds that averaged about 50 miles per hour-making it the fastest known migration ever. While many birds migrate longer distances, they do so over a period of a few months, resting and feeding in between. However, despite the fact the Great Snipe has plenty of opportunities, it does not stop. And they do the entire flight with their own power, with no assistance from the wind. The tiny bird is able to make this unbelievable direct flight because of all the fat it gradually gathers in its body, which it then uses as fuel. Native no North Eastern Europe, Great Snipes live in marshlands and wet meadows . But they are also on the list of endangered animals because of loss of habitat. \n Answer: An unusual species of migratory bird",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-301a0bef325e4b8793b3012e7bcd69b2",
            "input": "Article: In the past, people who graduated from college felt proud of their academic achievements and confident that their degree would help them to find a good job.   However, in the past four years the job market has changed greatly. This year's college graduates are facing one of the worst job markets. For example, Ryan Stewart, a graduate of San Jose State University, got a degree in religious studies, but he has not gotten any job offers. He points out that many people already working are getting laid off and don't have jobs, so it's even harder for new college graduates to find jobs.   Four years ago, the future looked bright for his class of 2006. There were many high-tech(\"dot com\") job opportunities, graduates received many job offers, and they were able to get jobs with high salaries and benefits such as health insurance and paid vacations. However, \"Times have changed. It's a new market,\" according to an officer of the university.   The officer says students who do find jobs started preparing two years ago. They worked during summer vacations, they have had several short-time jobs, and they majored in fields that are still paying well, such as accounting or nursing.   Even teaching is not a secure profession now. Ryan Stewart wanted to be a teacher. But instead he will probably go back to school in order to become a college teacher. He thinks college teaching could be a good career even in a bad economy.   In conclusion, these days a college degree does not automatically lead to a good job with a high salary. Some students can only hope that the value of their degree will increase in the future. \n Answer: It would help them to start an academic career.",
            "output": [
                "What did a college degree mean to people in the past?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad83e1a22e784996aec4a830b46dbd33",
            "input": "Article: Mr. Sankaram, a physics teacher, was known for his antics in his classroom to make the dull lessons in physics lively and interesting. Mixing different chemical drugs in the lab to become new substances in chemistry makes students excited. While studying botany or zoology, students can visit a garden or zoo. But physics limits students to listening to the boring lectures which are hard to understand. For example,  why an apple dropping from a tree travels downwards but not upwards. But Mr. Sankaram's classroom antics to cause students to listen to topics such as how sound travels in air or why light travels faster than sound made him stand out from the rest of the teachers. At that time, most students in our school attended the college to please their parents, and some parents were proud of their children for simply attending a college, no-matter whether they benefited or not. They didn't study hard. But a few students were diligent and they wanted to study pre-medical courses to gain admission into the medical school. The schooling of pre-medical courses was very expensive. The college was next to the medical school. The wall separating them was about four feet high. Few tried to jump over the wall to get free pre-medical courses. Doing this was at risk of injuries and the climbing was forbidden. The college where Mr. Sankaram taught was known for unruly and naughty students. The unruly students usually sat at the back of the classroom. When a student from the back of the classroom tried to disrupt the class, Mr. Sankaram would say, \"Dare you go ahead to make noise? Can you jump over the four-foot wall to get into the medical school?\" The student's face went red and he became silent. In the physics class . I sat in the first row to escape from the troublemakers at the back. One day during the class. Mr. Sankaram unexpectedly asked me, \"Can you jump over the four-foot wall?\" I shook my head and answered, \"No, sir, I couldn't jump over a one-foot wall, let alone a four-foot wall.\" Mr. Sankaram wasn't satisfied with my reply but waved his hand for me to sit down. He looked at me in the eyes hard and said, \"If you can. Believe in yourself!\" There were stories about Mr. Sankaram's past history. As a student at same college years ago, he went into much depression for some time when he couldn't get into the medical school. In fact he could have been admitted by the school by his ability of studying. Because his family couldn't afford his pre-medical courses and he didn't dare to climb the wall, he often walked back and forth along the four-foot wall talking to himself  and sometimes cried over his failure. Whether this story was true or false it was passed on from year to year. So Mr. Sankaram had a nickname \"four-foot.\" It was true that he left his dream to his students and he began challenging the students' ability to jump over the four-foot wall to get into the medical school. As a student I failed at my attempt to get admission into the medical school. In fact not all students wanted to be a doctor. And years later I ended up as a chemistry teacher at the same college. I thank Mr. Sankaram for his encouragement to me, and I am determined to follow his example to make my class interesting. Mr. Sankaram passed away years ago. He will always be remembered for his wonderful teaching techniques such as dancing movements and his encouraging words. \n Answer: Physics",
            "output": [
                "Which subject was boring in the author's opinion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2665168f71094259b05f5bbbba879068",
            "input": "Article: Standing in line for the latest iPhone at the Apple store, queuing for tickets to Wimbledon or even just waiting at the post office might just have got a lot easier. Japanese car-maker Nissan announces that it has just the thing to relieve the painful legs of tired queuers. The new system of 'self-driving' chairs is designed to detect when someone at the front of the queue is called, and automatically move everyone else one step forward in line. The new invention is shown off in a company video, which shows a busy restaurant with patrons waiting outside. In the video, diners are sitting in a row of chairs, but will not have to stand when the next hungry diner is called to a table. Instead, the chairs, equipped with autonomous technology that detects the seat ahead, move along a path toward the front of the line. When the person at the front of the queue is called, the empty chair at the front can sense it is empty and so moves out of pole position. Cameras on the remaining chairs then sense the movement and follow automatically. The system, which is similar to the kind used in Nissan's autonomous vehicle technology, will be tested at select restaurants in Japan this year, Nissan said. \"It appeals to anyone who has queued for hours outside a crowded restaurant: it _ the boredom and physical pain of standing in line,\" Nissan added. Although Tokyo has some 160,000 restaurants, long queues are not uncommon. Chosen restaurants that meet the criteria will be able to show the chairs outside their restaurant next year. Nissan also released a short video showing the chairs being used in an art gallery, moving slowly in front of the various paintings to let viewers appreciate the art without the need to stand up. \n Answer: They are completely different from vehicle technology.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about \"self-driving\" chairs from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5b0500ba3e1b4625b67e600346b72251",
            "input": "Article: We're all connected. You can send an e-mail message to a friend, and your friend can pass it on to one of his or her friends, and that friend can do the same, continuing the chain. Eventually, your message could reach just about anyone in the world, and it might take only five to seven e-mails for the message to get there. Scientists recently tested that idea in a study involving 24,000 people. Participants had to try to get a message forwarded to one of 18 randomly chosen people. Each participant started by sending one e-mail to someone they knew. Recipients could then forward the e-mail once to someone they knew, and so on. Targets, who were randomly assigned by researchers from Columbia University in New York, lived in 13 countries. They included an Australian police officer, a Norwegian veterinarian, and a college professor. Out of 24,000 chains, only 384 reached their goal. The rest petered out, usually because one of the recipients was either too busy to forward the message or thought it was junk mail. The links that reached their goal made it in an average of 4.05 e-mails. Based on the lengths of the failed chains, the researchers estimated that two strangers could generally make contact in five to seven e-mails. The most successful chains relied on casual acquaintances rather than close friends. That's because your close friends know each other whereas your acquaintances tend to know people you don't know. The phenomenon, known as the strength of weak ties, explains why people tend to get jobs through people they know casually but aren't that close to. So, start networking and instant messaging now. As they say in show business: It's all about who you know. \n Answer: 5 to 7",
            "output": [
                "If you want to get into touch with a stranger in the world, how many e-mails might it take for the message to reach him/her?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6b8294c046654156860f7e22e56324bb",
            "input": "Article: Robert Spring, a 19 century forger ,was so good at his profession that he was able to make his living for 15 years by selling false signatures of Americans. Spring was born in England in 1813 and arrived in Philadelphia in 1858 to open a bookstore. At first he became rich by selling his small but real collection of early U.S. autographs . Discovering his ability at copying handwriting, he began imitating signatures of George. Washington and Ben Franklin and writing them on the title pages of old books. To lessen the chance of detection , he sent his forgeries to England and Canada for sale. Forgers have a hard time selling their products. A forger can't deal with a respectable buyer but people who don't have much knowledge in the field. Forgers have many ways to make their work look real. For example, they buy old books to use the aged paper of the title page, and they can treat paper and ink with chemical. In Spring's time right after the Civil War, Britain was still fond of the Southern states, so Spring invented a respectable maiden lady known as Miss Fanny Jackson, the only daughter of General \"Stonewall\" Jackson. For several years Miss Fanny's financial problems forced her to sell a great number of letters and manuscripts . Spring had to work very hard to satisfy the demand. All this activity did not prevent Spring from dying in poverty, leaving sharp-eyed experts the difficult task of separating his forgeries from the originals. \n Answer: There was less chance of being detected there.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Spring sell his false autographs in England and Canada?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-067ece0bb11f4007849067903af78545",
            "input": "Article: Valencia is in the east part of Spain . It has a port on the sea, two miles away on the coast. It is the capital of a province that is also named Valencia. The city is a market centre for what is produced by the land around the city. Most of the city's money is made from farming. It is also a busy business city, with ships, railways, clothes and machine factories. Valencia has an old part with white buildings, colored roofs, and narrow streets. The modern part has long, wide streets and new buildings. Valencia is well known for its parks and gardens. It has many old churches and museums. The University in the centre of the city was built in the 13th century. The city of Valencia has been known since the 2nd century. In the 8th century it was the capital of Spain. There is also an important city in Venezuela named Valencia. \n Answer: Four.",
            "output": [
                "From the text, how many places have the name Valencia?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1185ef5fc8514ab59a7e533d269d0fee",
            "input": "Article: What's this by my door? A handwritten letter from am old university friend. It stands out among the bills and junk mail like gold. Given its rareness, the Government should be praised for announcing that the new secondary school should include lessons that teach students how to write personal and business letters in the correct form. Letter-writing skills have fallen off a lot in the age of eamils and text messages. Many pupils leave school only able to write a letter for a job application, let alone other kinds of letters. You can't turn back the clock, but you can stick to your own rules to protect old-fashioned values. Someone who leaves school unable to write a letter is going into the adult world unprepared. And if teachers don't _ , who else will? Usually, it does not matter whether someone can write a letter or not -- other means of communication will serve. And with computerised spell-checks, people can get by for years without the kind of letter-writing skills. But it is the rare occasion that matters when things can not be made clear with a simple text. When the former England cricket  captain Andrew Strauss decided to leave his job, he had sent handwritten letters to his teammates. Many people thought it unbelievable. But among the disbelief there was something else: admiration, even among the Twitter generation . I have been a letter-writing lover all my adult life, and am just about to sit down and pen a reply to my university friend. And I hope the sight of a letter by his door will give him as much pleasure as his did me. \n Answer: Excited.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel when receiving the handwritten letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cc6f112769234cf6960630526b51439d",
            "input": "Article: Nowhere else like Alaska can you enjoy a whale exploding out of the water or an eagle pulling a silver fish from the river. Combine these images with high mountains, brilliant icebergs and wonderful meals and you really do have the Best of Alaska! Join us for an unforgettable 7-day holiday to Alaska! You can have fun here: JUNEAU: Juneau, the state capital, is rich in culture and scenic beauty. It is here that we start and end our trip. HAINES: Haines is a small community located along thefjords . The natural beauty and expansive wilderness found here have made Haines an important center for adventure in Alaska. ALASKA INDIAN ARTS: Alaska Indian Arts is a nonprofit corporation devoted to the preservation and continuation of traditional native craft and culture of the Northwest Native Tribes. You can spend a few hours learning carving, playing nativebeading  from local artists. SKAGWAY: Skagway is a lively town, which still reflects its gold rush roots and origins. In Skagway, you may stop at the Klondike Gold Rush National Park Visitor's Center and ride the White Pass Yukon Route Railway. GUSTAVUS: Gustavus is the gateway to Glacier Bay National Park. You'll stay at a comfortable house here for two nights. This will be the base for both the whale-watchingexcursion  and a full daycruise  in Glacier Bay. DATES/ PRICES: May 16, June 20, July 18, August 15. 7 days --- $3,500, including lodging, all meals, excursions, guides, park fees, sales taxes, and transportation between Juneau, Skagway, Haines, and Gustavus. Not included: Alcohol, personal items, airfare to and from Juneau. Contact: E-mail: info@alaskamountainguides.com Call: 1.800.766.3396 Address: Alaska Mountain Guides& Climbing School P.O. Box 1081, Haines AK 99827 \n Answer: In Skagway.",
            "output": [
                "Where can you get to know the local history?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1e68e5dce5dc4ab18d452058ac8e7c7f",
            "input": "Article: Beijing, January 25 ( Xinhuanet)--Air Canada announced that effective June 2, 2005 it will introduce non--stop service between Toronto and Beijing, further building its main Toronto hub with more non-stop flights to Asia and creating the first--ever direct link between eastern Canada and the Chinese mainland. Air Canada will operate four non-stop flights per week from Toronto to the Chinese capital of Beijing, complementing its daily non-stop flights to Beijing and Shanghai from Vancouver, and twice daily Hong Kong flights including a new non--stop service from Toronto. In addition, in response to increased demand on its Vancouver--Shanghai route, Air Canada will replace its 189-seat Boeing 767-300ER service with larger 282-seat A340-300 aircraft during the demand season beginning June 1,2005. With these new services, Air Canada is boosting seating capacity between Canada and China by 16 percent and providing freight forwarders with 45 percent more cargo tonnage(  ) from one year ago. \"China is the fastest growing aviation(  )market in the world, and Air Canada's global network is well positioned to meet the needs of international travelers and freight senders,\" said Duncan Dee, senior vice president of Air Canada. \"With the introduction of the first non-stop service to Beijing from our main Toronto hub, Air Canada is bringing the Americas that much  closer to the Chinese mainland.\" \n Answer: Air Canada is increasing the capacity of goods transportation for the first time.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f5b0ec8a5db4cfebcfe1e52c0871ed9",
            "input": "Article: Mexico City sits on an inland plateau  surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live here. In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting  a temporary ban  on private and federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban. Mexico City isn't the first urban centre to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser; it was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides. Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world's dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases. Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good, if short-lived, results. The day after the vehicle-use restrictions   were _ , the blue faded back to gray. And then there is the London congestion  charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality. For now, Mexico City--named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992--can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help to clean the air. \n Answer: Its location.",
            "output": [
                "What makes the air quality of Mexico City a concern for citizens?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-53921a8670814a62add6a74d9b3c78d4",
            "input": "Article: Siri is an artificial intelligence (AI) that you can carry around in the pocket, where it waits patiently to be told what to do. In the week we spent together, my AI assistant has performed admirably in finding me restaurants, or the location of the nearest coffee shop. A typical command might be: \"Reserve a table for two at a good French restaurant in San Francisco.\" Siri responds by presenting a list of top-rated restaurants that can be booked on OpenTable.com. If you say which time you want, it can book you a table without your lifting a finger. In some ways Siri is just a fancy front-end   to the 35 sites it can connect to, from taxi booking sites to movie review databases. But what's new is the way it can analyze the intentions of its master or mistress and use those sites to put them into action. Siri attaches probabilities to the explanation of each word and cross-references   with your location and other data, some of which you must provide yourself. To send email reminders, Siri obviously needs to know your email address. To \"find me the flower shop closest to work\", it needs to know where you work. To pay bills or buy airline tickets, it would need access to your credit card. That raises the question of how far we are willing to trust a piece of software that can go and do things for us based on what it \"thinks\" we mean, a topic that occupies some engineers working on artificial intelligence. The more data, and power, you give your virtual assistant, the more damage it could do. Siri may be simple, and always shows its explanation of a command before carrying it out. But it gives users a preview of a new balance between privacy, trust and convenience that the expansion of AI into everyday life is likely to develop. \n Answer: An artificial intelligence software.",
            "output": [
                "What is Siri?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9b4e1de4cb6402a8a523d4489b1f2d1",
            "input": "Article: Change Has Come to America November, 04, 2008, Barack Obama Hello, Chicago. If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer. It's the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen. A little bit earlier this evening, I received an extraordinarily gracious call from Sen. McCain. Sen. McCain fought long and hard in this campaign. And he's fought even longer and harder for the country that he loves. He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine. We are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader. I congratulate him; I congratulate Gov. Palin for all that they've achieved. And I look forward to working with them to renew this nation's promise in the months ahead. I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart, and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on the train home to Delaware, the vice president-elect of the United States, Joe Biden. And I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last 16 years the rock of our family, the love of my life, the nation's next first lady Michelle Obama. Sasha and Malia I love you both more than you can imagine. And you have earned the new puppy that's coming with us to the new White House. To my sister Maya, my sister Alma, all my other brothers and sisters, thank you so much for all the support that you've given me. I am grateful to them. And to my campaign manager, David Plouffe, the unsung hero of this campaign, who built the best -- the best political campaign, I think, in the history of the United States of America. To my chief strategist David Axelrod who's been a partner with me every step of the way. To the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics you made this happen, and I am forever grateful for what you've sacrificed to get it done. But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to. It belongs to you. It belongs to you. \n Answer: To give him some good ideas on making a successful speech..",
            "output": [
                "Why did Sen. McCain make a phone call to the writer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7762e38bada2443c81b4ffe4f26a6133",
            "input": "Article: Undersea restaurant Ithaa Ithaa is the very first undersea restaurant in the world located 5 meters below sea level in the Republic of Maldives. The 5-by-9-metre restaurant can hold 14 people at a time and has a transparent  roof offering a 270 panoramic   underwater view. The restaurant was designed and constructed by M. J. Murphy Ltd., a design consultancy based in New Zealand. It was opened on April 15, 2005. Food served in the restaurant can be described as contemporary   European with Asian influence. Tip: Work on technical designs and drawings for Ithaa started in March 2004. Once constructed, Ithaa would be put into the water. Because of technical challenges, limited resources, and quality control problems in building something underwater, the restaurant can only exist for about 20 years. Skyline Queenstown Restaurant The famous New Zealand restaurant offers delightful fresh seafood, salads, roast meats and delicious desserts, while the panoramic view from the windows will attract you day or night. It' s the ideal place for that special night out and the best place in Queenstown to watch the sun go down! With live music creating a relaxing atmosphere and never ending scenery to admire, you will be entertained as you eat in the restaurant. Tip: Unlike other restaurants, the Skyline Queenstown Restaurant has tiered   seating to guarantee  beautiful lake and mountain views from every table. Revolving  Restaurant Allalin Located in the Allalinhom mountain, Saas-Fee, Switzerland, Revolving Allalin is the highest revolving restaurant in the world at about 3,500 m. The restaurant offers a rich selection. Valaisian platter, pasta and pizza ... all this and much more is on the menu of the world-famous restaurant. Enjoy the eating delights offered in the world's highest revolving restaurant, while some mountain tops slowly pass by. Tip: Known as the 'Pearl of the Alps', Saas-Fee offers many sports and activities: The popular holiday village features the Metro Alpine, the highest underground railway in the world up to the skiing area and the highest revolving restaurant at 3,500 m. \n Answer: It can seat 14 diners at most.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Ithaa?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-05d9c9796f6b49ea81a08ccea908b681",
            "input": "Article: Perhaps every older generation since ancient times has complained about young people, and today is no different. Isn't it obvious that kids these days are self-absorbed social network addicts? However, this summer, my impression of today's kids has been restored by the story of Rachel Beckwith. She could teach my generation a great deal about maturity   and unselfishness -- even though she's just 9 years old, or was when she died on July 23. At age 5, Rachel had her long hair cut off and sent to Locks of Love, which uses hair donations to make artificial hair for children who have lost their own hair because of cancer or other diseases. After that, Rachel announced that she would grow her hair long again and donate it again. And that's what she did. Then when she was 8 years old, her church began raising money to build wells in Africa through an organization called \"charity: water\". Rachel was astonished when she learned that other children had no clean water, so she _ her ninth birthday party. Rachel set up a birthday page on the charity: water website with a target of $300. Instead of presents, she asked her friends to donate $9 each to charity: water. Finally Rachel raised only $220 -- which had left her just a bit disappointed. Then, on July 20, a serious traffic accident left Rachel critically injured. Church members and friends, seeking some way of showing support, began donating on Rachel's birthday page -- charitywater.org/Rachel -- and donations reached her $300 goal, and kept rising. When it was clear that Rachel would never regain consciousness, the family decided to remove the life-support machine. Her parents donated her hair for the final time to Locks of Love, and her organs to other children. Word spread about Rachel's last fund-raiser  . Contributions poured in, often they donated $9. The total donations soon topped $100,000, then $300,000. This is a story not just of one girl, but of a young generation of outstanding problem-solvers working creatively. \n Answer: She founded Locks of Love.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE of Rachel?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-40ad70f7c30041eb9a72532e128ed338",
            "input": "Article: A new study says electronic toys are not helping babies learn. \"Even if companies are marketing them as educational, they're not teaching the babies anything at this time,\" said Anna Sosa the study's author. Researchers listened to audio recordings of parents playing with their babies aged 10 months to 16 months. The researchers compared the experiences when the children played with electronic toys, traditional toys such as blocks, or when the children looked at books. What they found is that parents talked less with their babies when the babies played with electronic toys. Why is this important? Research shows that how quickly children develop language is often based on what they hear from parents. When the infants played with electronic toys, parents said little to their children. But with traditional toys, such as blocks, parents shared the names and descriptions of the animals, colors and shapes as their children played. There was even more information given by parents as their babies looked at the pictures in books. Of course, there is no need for parents to throw out electronic toys, but they should look at their infants' play with such toys as entertainment, not a learning experience. Toy Industry Association spokeswoman Adrienne Appell responded to the study. She said it is important that parents make time to play with their children. \"Playing is a way that kids can learn so much, not only cognitive  skills, but social and developmental skills,\" she said. She added that play should be balanced, including time for just \"make believe\" activities, as well as traditional and electronic toys. \n Answer: doubtful",
            "output": [
                "What's Anna Sosa's attitude towards companies claiming that their toys are educational?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-043e29c67557431280152f669de042a8",
            "input": "Article: Oprah Winfrey, the queen of American daytime talk TV, is considered one of the most powerful women in the world.Now, after 25 years' hosting The Oprah Winfrey Show, the star has announced she is calling it quits. According to the Los Angeles Times, the move \"signals the beginning of the decline for the daytime talk show.\" More women are working full-time jobs, and people are turning to cable   and pre-recorded shows for their entertainment. It may be that Oprah isn't quitting so much as moving on.She has created the Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN), and will most likely move her show to the network.If audiences around the world need Oprah, they well know where to look. Oprah Winfrey was born to a single teenage mother in a small town in rural Mississippi, US.As a child, she lived with poverty and abuse.But she got a job at a local radio station, where her honesty, emotional style won her many fans.She quickly rose through the ranks of radio and television before launching her own production company and starting her own show. Oprah's talk show was not the first of its kind, but it quickly became the best and most popular.It made talk shows popular, and others jumped in to start similar shows.But while other talk shows turned ugly, featuring guests who argued and attacked each other with chairs, _  \"Part of her power lies in the fact that her life story resonates   with her audience, as a kind of version of the American dream,\" writes Kevin Connolly, a reporter with the BBC. She became a star because of the way she opened up about her problems to her audience.She shared her own struggles with relationships and weight.She focused on self-help.Connolly believes \"something in her honesty and her sometimes painfully emotional directness struck home with a certain type of American\". \n Answer: Oprah used to be a radio presenter.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0cd5c953661c4f73bc1051d827642663",
            "input": "Article: I once did a year of voluntary service in a residential home for people with learning disabilities. was set in an English village deep in the countryside, quite different from my home in Sweden. One of my fellow volunteers, a girl from Tanzania, seemed a little unhappy, so I asked what the problem was. She told me she had a friend back home who had financial difficulties and maybe it was impossible for her to complete her university courses. So this friend of mine had sent all her money to Tanzania to support her friend! This meant that she didn't have much food to eat and no money to go anywhere outside the village. I was so touched and I felt I had to do something. So, during my next trip to one of the nearby towns I walked into a shop. I didn't have much money left myself but I thought I'd buy her an extra box of chocolate we both liked and some rice. I started talking to the woman(also a volunteer)working in the shop and eventually told her about my friend. The woman looked at me, amazed. \"Does she eat pasta?\" she asked. \"Yes,\" I replied. She immediately started loading a bag with pasta, cookies, and other things until the bag was full. \"Give her this for me. It's my treat!'' I couldn't believe it but accepted with happiness. As I left the shop to go home with my unexpected bag of food, I asked the woman her name. \"Just Gloria,\" she said. Imagine my friend's face when I arranged the gifts on my kitchen table and fetched her from her room to see! I had never seen her so happy! A few weeks later she found Gloria in the shop and thanked her in person. These two extraordinary women really showed me what true kindness and compassion are, and the impression will stay with me for the rest of my life! \n Answer: Because her friend in Tanzania maybe had to quit school for lack of money.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the girl from Tanzania seem a little unhappy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-201bc4c8b9e84921bd25776d2aabe43e",
            "input": "Article: The Basics of Math--Made Clear Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra  and beyond. The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents , the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically. Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to \"make sense\" of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing--and completely understandable--field of study. By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery  of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges. Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as \"the best math teacher in America,\" is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary. With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers. If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back. \n Answer: Mathematics Education.",
            "output": [
                "What does the course Basic Math mainly cover?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ce1b4ec7bb746f6a8d513681d8a3f4e",
            "input": "Article: When doctors urge overweight kids to pick up more activities,reading probably isn't what they have in mind.    Yet a new study by fatness researchers at Duke University finds that the simple act of reading--depending on the choice of material--can cause weight loss in teenage girls. The study's experimental group included 31 fat girls aged 9 to 13,who took part in the Healthy Lifestyles Program at Duke Children's Hospital. The girls read a novel called Lake Rescue,whose protagonist   is an overweight teenager who struggles with low selfesteem,feelings of loneliness and teasing because of her size. A group of 33 girls read a different book called Charlotte in Paris,which did not have an overweight character,and another group of 17 girls read neither book. At the end of the sixmonth experiment,all the girls who read books had lost weight,but the girls who read Lake Rescue lost more. They lowered their body mass index (BMI) by 0.71,compared with 0.33 in the Charlotte group,an average 0.05 increase among the nonreaders. The idea behind the study,says Dr Sarah Armstrong,director of Healthy Lifestyles,was to find a way to encourage the girls without adopting the restrictive and often authoritative voice of so many other nutrition and diet programs. Lake Rescue was the perfect instrument,says Armstrong;it presents a likable character to whom the girls could relate and whom they could learn from. As the book progresses,its protagonist learns to make healthier lifestyle choices and finds an adviser to help keep her on track. Armstrong says,\" _ learns that she can become healthier,and the 'I can do it' feeling resonates   with the teenage girls.\" \n Answer: Reading can help kids lose weight.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4c9e9be9fa254859a5d386afe6fe2d4a",
            "input": "Article: Life on Mars could become a reality and it could happen in your lifetime. A welcoming planet Scientists say Earth's neighbor Mars, a bright red planet about half Earth's size, is the most likely to support human life. Mars even has frozen water on its surface. Since the late 1990s, NASA has been exploring Mars using remote-controlled vehicles . Most recently Curiosity, a car-size vehicle, traveled through space on an unpiloted spacecraft  and landed on Mars in August 2012. Directed by NASA scientists , the vehicles move on the surface, taking pictures , collecting and analyzing soil, and looking for signs of life. But what about human explorers? Plans are already in the works to send astronauts to Mars as soon as the mid-2030s.  _  But before you start packing your bags, let's consider the challenges. For starters, Mars is far away. Just getting there could take up to 10 months. Scientists already know that time away from Earth's gravity harms the human body. Bones and muscles get weaker. The body produces less blood. What damage would months and months of living in space do? And then there is the matter of water, oxygen, food and fuel. Scientists will have to find solutions to these problems, or the first humans on Mars won't survive very long in their new home. Tiny Dangers There's another tinier risk. It's so tiny that you can't even see it: germs. Some scientists believe that our germs could pollute the whole planet of Mars. Potentially killing Martian life before we have the chance to discover it. Worse, there is a small but terrifying chance that any microscopic life already there might be harmful to us . Worse still, if any of those Martian germs  were brought back to Earth, the result could be disastrous. Animals, plants, and people could be wiped out. Worth the $$$? A more practical concern is the cost. The price could approach $ 1 trillion . How can we justify spending that much when so many problems--poverty, disease--could use the cash here on Earth? \n Answer: Scientists have discovered signs of life on Mars.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the \"A welcoming planet\" part?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f421532ca5c4f89bfc0464c441bbe9b",
            "input": "Article: Old Fossils Scientists have found what they think is probably the oldest fossil on Earth, a remnant of life from 3.7 billion years ago when Earth's skies were orange and its oceans green. In a newly melted part of Greenland, Australian scientists found the leftover structure from a community of microbes  that lived on an ancient seafloor. Based on their analysis of the fossils, the researchers determined that they are 220 million years older than those discovered in Western Australia, which were 3.48 billion years old. The discovery shows life may have formed quicker and more easily than once thought, about half a billion years after Earth formed. And that may also give hope for life forming elsewhere, such as Mars, said study co-author Martin VanKranendonk of the University of New South Wales and director of the Australian Center for Astrobiology. \"It gives us an idea how our planet evolved and how life gained a foothold,\" VanKranendonk said. Scientists had thought it would take at least half a billion years for life to form after the molten Earth started to cool a bit, but this shows it could have happened quicker, he said. That's because the newly found fossil is far too complex to have developed soon after the planet's first life forms, he said. In an outcrop of rocks that used to be covered with ice and snow which melted after an exceptionally warm spring, the Australian team found stromatolites , which are layered structures that are often produced by a community of microbes. The stromatolites were about 1 to 4 centimeters high. \"It is like the house left behind made by the microbes,\" VanKranendonk said. \"Scientists used the layers of ash from volcanoes and tiny zircon  with uranium and estimated that they date back to 3.7 billion years ago.\"  The dating seems about right, said Abigail Allwood, a NASA astrobiologist who found the previous oldest fossil, from 3.48 billion years ago, in Australia. But Allwood said she is not completely convinced that what VanKranendonk's team found once was alive. She said the evidence wasn't conclusive enough that it was life and not a geologic quirk . \"It would be nice to have more evidence, but in these rocks that's a lot to ask,\" Allwood said in an email. \n Answer: Sceptical.",
            "output": [
                "What is Abigail Allwood's attitude towards the newly found fossil?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-395d2809d24e4fed9e38dd831e231122",
            "input": "Article: Thousands of years ago, people only ate food that was grown near their homes. Some kinds of food were only grown in one place, so people from other places didn't know about them. When Europeans first traveled to Central and South America in the 1500s, they discovered strange kinds of food that they had never seen before. Today, these are grown in a lot of different countries and they're sold in supermarkets all over the world. They don't seem strange any more! Potatoes were first grown in the Andes in South America. In 1586, they were taken to Europe by explorers . In 1719, they were taken to North America. Before 1719, nobody in North America had ever seen or eaten a potato. Today each American eats more than 60 kilos of potatoes a year. Tomatoes were also first grown by native  Americans. When European explorers visited the south of America in 1500, they took tomato seeds  back to Europe. Soon, tomatoes were grown in Europe, but people in England didn't eat them. At that time, a lot of English people thought that tomatoes were  _ ! Chilies  have been eaten in Central and South America for more than 8,000 years! In the 1500s, chilies were taken to Europe by explorers. Today, they are grown in hot countries all over the world. \n Answer: Three.",
            "output": [
                "How many kinds of food are mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e58f0089230143d1964c21df6930054e",
            "input": "Article: Sri Lankan police made an appeal for the public to donate their pet dogs to help the fight against terrorism and crime on the war - torn island. \"Make your pet a hero-to detect terrorism and make our motherland Sri Lanka a country with a new facelift,\" the police department said in a public notice carried by the state-run Daily News. It said that donated dogs should be between six months and two years old and must have an impressive pedigree . German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, Rottweilers, Dalmatians, Cocker Spaniels and Doberman Pinschers are preferred. Chief Inspector Lal Senavirathne said 25 people donated their pets, but only 18 dogs could be enlisted as the others did not meet the recruitment. He said the dogs would be trained to identify explosives, search for buried mines, sniff down drugs, deal with criminals and even perform tricks for the public. The dogs will retire after serving a maximum period of eight years and will be returned to their original owners. \"We already have 170 dogs deployed in 30 units, including the operational area or conflict areas in the island's north and east\", Senavirathne told AFP by telephone from his headquarters in the central town of Kandy. He said it was the first time they were making a public appeal because of pressure on the police kennels , which usually import about half of their annual requirement. \"This time, we hope to enlist about 50 dogs. They will be given six months extensive training and another six months on the job,\" he said. \"Thereafter they will be officially called Police Dogs.\" Sri Lanka's dog population is about 2.3 million while it has 19.5 million people, and about 20,000 to 30,000 people are annually treated for homeless dog bites. \n Answer: Offer their dogs to be Police Dogs.",
            "output": [
                "What did the police mainly want people to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c97323a429aa48bba06415be91c7e615",
            "input": "Article: The city of Vienna has always been popular for its famous physicians. Around the year 1482 one such well-known physician was Dr. Paul Urssenbeck. His fame came from his ability to predict with certainty whether a patient would recover his or her health or would die. He thus became known as the doctor of death. In his earlier years, he followed the trade of a poor but honest weaver in the town of Deckendorf near Straudigen in Bavaria. It was a time of famine , and he, his wife, and their eleven children were in great need. Then a twelfth child was born, and they could find no one to serve as its godparent. As a last chance, the poor weaver walked to a nearby village and asked an old friend to serve as godfather, but met only rejection. Disappointed and frustrated, the poor man made his way back to his family. While walking sorrowfully through the dense forest toward his home, he said, \"If only I could die.\" Suddenly a tall figure dressed in a dark cloak  appeared before him, saying, \"You called me. I am Death. What can I do for you?\" As much as the man had previously wanted to die, he now wanted to live. \"I am seeking a godfather for my youngest child. But I cannot find anyone who will serve as his godparent,\" answered the weaver sadly. \"I will accept this responsibility,\" said Death. And thus it happened. Following the baptism , the mysterious godfather took the father aside and said, \"Since I own neither gold nor silver to give to your child as a baptism present, I will make you into the most famous doctor of all times. Whenever you are called to a sick person, I--invisible to others--will seat myself either to the head or to the feet of the patient. If I am seated at the head, then this will show you that hope for recovery exists. If I am seated at the feet, then the patient will die.\" Through this gift, the weaver was able to cure many illnesses, for he knew whether the patient who had sought his treatment would be helped by medications, or whether he would die. Soon the previously poor weaver became a wealthy and respected physician. However, his increased wealth made him ever-more greedy. One day, a very wealthy man fell seriously ill, but when Dr. Urssenbeck was called in, and he saw that Death was already seated at the patient's feet. Upon hearing the diagnosis, the relatives could not be comforted, and they offered the physician a fortune if he could heal the man. Then Urssenbeck _ trickery. He quickly had the patient's bed turned around, so that Death was now seated at his head. Thus the man was rescued from Death, and he regained his health. On the physician's way home, Death suddenly appeared before him. \"You unfortunate one, why have you deceived me? In return for the life that you have given back to the rich man, you yourself must now die.\" Death spoke with a threatening voice, and disappeared. Dr. Urssenbeck suddenly found himself in a large room where thousands of candles were burning. Death said to him, \"Each of these candles represents someone's life. This tiny stump that is about to go out is yours.\" Terrified, Dr. Urssenbeck reached for a taller candle, wanting to take some wax  from it to fill his stump, but in  doing so he touched his own candle, and it went out, and he fell to the floor dead. That evening his body was found in a valley. He was buried in the graveyard of Saint Stephen's Cathedral. \n Answer: Because he didn't have any baptism gift for his child.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Death make the weaver a famous doctor?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-92b7461e90ee466c8b88230f0302a773",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever wished you could solve complex math problems without thinking? What about learning to play the piano in just three days? Or mastering several foreign languages within a month? Eddie Morra, the main character in the movieLimitlesscan do all these things. But he isn't Superman or Harry Potter. Eddie has taken pills called NZT. ThrillerLimitless came out in China on October 13. In the movie, Eddie is faced with \"writer's block\". He hasn't written a single word of a novel, and his deadline has passed. And there's more bad news: his girlfriend breaks up with him. By chance, Eddie runs into a relative who is a drug dealer. He gives Eddie some pills called NZT that allow people to make use of 100 percent of their brains. With the magic pills, Eddie's life changes completely. He can recall everything he has ever read, seen or heard. He gains a sixth sense that allows him to predict future events. He even becomes a kungfu master by simply memorizing actions in Bruce Lee's movie. Before long he has finished his novel, won back his girlfriend and stepped into the financial world. He becomes rich incredibly quickly and is soon employed by a powerful Wall Street company. However, bad side effects are just around the corner. The effects of the pill last for only one or two days, and Eddie has to find more supplies of the pills. Meanwhile, the pills start to have other effects on him. Eddies' mind loses the ability to control the actions of his body. What does destiny hold for him? Will he be able to go back to his normal life? \"Eddie's fate turns out to be a barbed   joke... a sharp-eyed comic fable for an age of greed  and speed.\" writes A. O. Scott, a movie critic with the New York Times. The drug isn't real-----yet, some researchers say such memory-enhancing drugs might not be far off. Would you take such a pill despite its side effects? Is the ability to remember everything a blessing or a curse? \n Answer: He can expect what will happen next with his sixth sense.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following happened to Eddie after he took the pill?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d3899f291c2c4fb5b0dd09dd57082048",
            "input": "Article: Some people argue that the pressures on international sportsmen and sportswomen kill the essence  of sport-seeking for personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they become competitive but they still enjoy playing. A single person's representing his country cannot afford to think about enjoying himself; he has to think only about winning. He is responsible for an entire nation's hopes, dreams and fame. A good example is the football World Cup. Football is the world's most important sport. It is even more important now that the United States is seriously taking it up. Winning the World Cup is perhaps the greatest of international sporting success. Mention \"Argentina\" to someone and the chances are that he'll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup \"put Argentina on the map\". Sports fans and supporters get quite irrational  about the World Cup. People in England felt that their country was somehow important after they won in 1996. Last year thousands of Scots sold their cars, and even their houses and spent all their money traveling to Argentina where the finals were played. So am I arguing that international competition kills the idea of sports? Certainly not! Do the Argentineans really believe that because eleven of their men proved that most skillful at football, their nation is in every way better than all others? Not really. But it's known that you won, and that in one way at least your country is best. \n Answer: To explain the role of sport",
            "output": [
                "What is the writer's main purpose in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-43d319ff58264bcca8d61aea5e03f516",
            "input": "Article: An African-American man named John Henry was the hero of former slaves and the people who built the railroads in the US in the 19th century. John Henry was born a slave. He was known for his strength. Many people say he represents the spirit of growth in America during that period. John Henry grew up in a world that _ . Before he was six years old, he was carrying stones for workers building a nearby railroad. By the time John Henry was a young man, he was one of the best railroad workers in the country. John Henry was asked to lead workers on a hard project, creating a tunnel through a mountain. The project required about 1,000 laborers and lasted three years. Hundreds of men became sick as a result of the hot weather and tiredness. John Henry was the strongest and fastest man. Concerned his friends might lose their jobs, he picked up their hammers and began doing their work. He worked day and night, rarely stopping to have a rest. One day, a salesman came to the work area with a new drilling machine powered by steam. He said it could drill holes faster than twelve men working together.[: _ Z _ X _ X _ K] John Henry looked at the machine and saw images of the future. He saw machines taking the place of America's best laborers. He saw himself and his friends unemployed and sanding by a road, asking for food. He decided he would never let the machine take their jobs. Therefore, a competition between a man and a machine began .At first, the steam-powered drill worked twice faster. Then, John Henry started working with a hammer in each hand. He worked faster and faster. People cheered when the machine broke down and was pulled away. But they were sad to find John Henry fall to the ground, with blood spilling all around, and still holding a hammer in one of his hands.\"I beat them,\"he said. Then he took his last breath. \n Answer: Because the weather was hot and they were tired.",
            "output": [
                "Why did hundreds of workers become sick?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4f29c83378a14060af4f259935c4d615",
            "input": "Article: A cancer-stricken British teenage girl said Thursday she had been moved by messages of support from around the world after writing an online \"Bucket List\" of things she wanted to do before dying. Alice Pyne, l5, created an Internet blog in which she described her fight against a cancer of the white blood cells. \" I've been fighting cancer for almost four years and now l know that the cancer is gaining on me and it doesn't look like I'm going to win this one,\" she wrote. For her list, the teenager took inspiration from the 2007 film \"The Bucket List\", in which two terminally ill   men, played by Morgan Freeman and Jack Nicholson, draw up a list of things they wish to do before they die. On her list, at the site www. alicepyne. blogspot. com, she has included making everyone sign up to be a bone marrow donor  , swimming with sharks, meeting boy band Take That and getting a purple iPad computer. Messages of support and offers of help quickly flooded her webpage and it became one of the most talked about subjects on Twitter. \"Oh dear and I thought that I was just doing a little blog for a few friends!\" she wrote after her site attracted huge attention. \"Thank you so much for all your lovely messages to me.\" Pyne, who lives with her family in the northwest English town of Ulverston, revealed   the management of Take That had arranged for her to see the band after reading her blog. A group of local lawmakers have also joined forces with the Anthony Nolan blood cancer charity to encourage people to join its stem cell register. \n Answer: People around the world sent messages to support her.",
            "output": [
                "What happened after Alice Pyne wrote her\"Bucket List\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb886421ed184ca68198110d937b6373",
            "input": "Article: If you are not any kind of a longtime A-list New Yorker celebrity like Woody Allen,chances are that you have never experienced,and will never experience-a meal in a legendary  Italian-American restaurant called Rao's. Rao's,the East Harlem restaurant with a history of more than l00 years,is simply the toughest restaurant to get a reservation in the US, if not the world.Michelin three-star restaurants like elBulli in Spain,often ranked the world's top restaurant,would sell out the second phone lines opened.But in the case of Rao's,the phone lines never open. There are about a dozen tables in the tiny restaurant, and each is spoken for, semi-permanently, as regulars have had their reservations for years, and when they can't use them,they often gift them to friends. The place is so small that the owners rarely have the flexibility to do favors even for people they know. Since it is always busy,there has never been a need for publicity.The last remarkable national review of the restaurant came from The New York Times more than 35 years ago.It was already tough to get a table at Rao's but reservations have been non-existent ever sincce the magic review. According to a critic who is \"very, very lucky to have dined at Rao's a few times,\"the experience rivals the tasty food.There are no menus at Rao's, and one of the owners will pull up a chair and run through the massive list of options, allowing people to have diner by mixing and matching nearly any ingredient with any classical Italian style of cooking. The place doesn't take credit cards, isn't open on weekends or for 1unch, and \"at some point during your meal the one-room restaurant will almost unavoidably break out in song.\" It is truly one of a kind,\"the critic wrote. \n Answer: A legendary restaurant",
            "output": [
                "Which is probably the best title for thistext?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a7691f35ee1463480435463b358c38d",
            "input": "Article: Tom Hanks has one of the most successful and extensive careers in Hollywood. He has acted in television shows and movies, and done voice work for animated   films. He's also a movie director, producer and writer. He won the Academy Award for best actor in back to back years. Spencer Tracy is the only other actor to have done that. Tom Hanks was born in California in1956. His father and mother ended their marriage when he was five. Tom and his two older siblings   lived with their father. The youngest child stayed with his mother. He once told a reporter that he had had three mothers, four fathers, five schools and ten houses while growing up. The movie star said he thinks the many changes helped him develop a sense of independence. Tom Hanks started acting in high school. He took drama classes in college but left before completing his studies. He said he could not get parts in college plays so he left for New York to follow his professional dream. His first major parts were on television. He won a lead role in the situation comedy Bosom Buddies in 1979. But he became a star with the movieSplash in 1984. More success came four years later with his starring part in the hit movieBig. He played a 13-year-old boy who wakes up one day in a grown man's body. Tom Hanks mainly worked in comedies in the early years of his career. His starring part in the 1993 movie Philadelphia changed his image. He was honored with his first Best Actor Oscar for his work inPhiladelphia. His interest in the experiences of World War Two soldiers led him to his involvement in the TV series Band of Brothers. He was also named an honorary member of the US Army Rangers   as a result. He also produced the 13-part series From the Earth to the Moonbecause of his support for human space travel. He is a member of the National Space Society. \n Answer: Four.",
            "output": [
                "How many children did Tom Hanks' parents have when their marriage ended?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4a274ea24a9442e7a0ea09f45e7a6f1c",
            "input": "Article: In August 2015, President Obama announced that North America's highest mountain, Mount McKinley, would be renamed. Its new moniker , Denali, was actually its original Aleut name, meaning \"the high one\". The previous name, on the other hand, only dates back to 1896--the year when it was named in honour of William McKinley(1843--1901), who was shortly to become President of the United States. Denali is of course not the only mountain with an interesting linguistic history, so let's travel to Asia, and across Europe, to explore the naming of those continents' most famous peaks and mountain ranges. The Nepalese name Himalaya comes from a Sanskrit word meaning \"Abode of Snow\", from hima for \"snow\" and alaya for \"abode\". In Buddhist sources, Himalaya is known by various names such as Himava and Himavanta. In 1856, Mount Everest was named after Sir George Everest (1790--1866), who was the superintendent  of the Trigonometrical Survey of India. Everest himself was initially displeased by the naming, since he feared that local inhabitants might not be able to pronounce it. K2 stands for Karakoram 2, because it was the second peak to be surveyed in the Trigonometrical Survey in the Karakoram system. It was also formerly known as Mount Godwin Austen after Col. H. H. Godwin Austen, who first surveyed it. Another alternative name for the mountain is Chhogori. Annapurna is a household Goddess for Hindus, who guarantees to her worshippers  that food will not fail. The name derives from a Sanskrit word meaning \"one who gives nourishment\". The Matterhorn's name derives from the name of the nearby town of Zermatt, the second element of which is apparently Matte \"meadow\", and Horn, \"horn\". Horn is not an unusual element in German names of mountains with jutting peaks. The mountain is called Mont Cervin in French and Monte Cervino in Italian, from the Italian adjective cervino \"deer-like\", which conjures up  a deer's antlers. Ben Nevis is the Anglicized form of the Scottish Gaelic name Beinn Nibheis, which means\"Mountain by the(River)Nevis\". The name of the river apparently derives from a Celtic root for \"water\". \n Answer: 3",
            "output": [
                "How many continents' mountains are mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-330f2540ad4748b3b7aef1ee03d04db9",
            "input": "Article: With eight bloodshot eyes fixed on a flying object, the pains of a two-year project were about to bear fruit. It was Wang Hongyi's first test flight of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)  designed and assembled with his teammates from the Aero-Sport Club  at Shanghai Jiaotong University. Wang is a senior mechanical engineering and automation major. He has been a plane model fan since childhood. As a freshman, he spent two nights building a model aircraft and took it to the sports field just for fun. Wu Junqi, the coach of Shanghai Jiaotong University's Aero-Sport Club, spotted Wang and told him his model was outdated.  \"I was a little angry, so he took me to the lab,\" says Wang. He was immediately drawn to the modern equipment and decided to join the club. As a technology fan, Wang spends most of his spare time in the lab. \"He loves what he's doing, so he can stand the loneliness of doing research that others seldom have the persistence to carry out.\" says coach Wu.  When Wang and his teammates were building UAV, they lived together in the lab. \"We tried to spend as much time together as possible because there were thousands of problems that needed to be solved.\"  Wang says. They didn't even have time to celebrate when the first test flight of the UAV went well. \"We needed to list the problems that occurred during the flight and analyze them to find solutions.\" he says. \"Our UAV isn't finished yet, but there are many design projects and people with similar interests waiting for me.\"  Wang says. \"The UAV is just the beginning, not the end of my aircraft journey.\" \n Answer: He was highly thought of by Wu Junqi.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Wang succeed in doing the research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f52b4d1bbfe744678f9df7b4873f9689",
            "input": "Article: If you haven't played games with an 80-year-old couple, you're missing out. Each week, my best friend and I hang out with senior citizens. Volunteering at a retirement village provides us with a great opportunity to meet new people and enrich the lives of the people we meet. We have learned so much from talking with senior citizens, and we are blessed to have this opportunity to reach out to those in our community. Nothing is more rewarding than seeing the faces of the elderly light up when we walk into the room. Though my school only requires 10 community service hours, I have continued to volunteer throughout high school. While our 10-hour requirement is a good start, schools should require more volunteer hours. Volunteering offers students an irreplaceable way to help their communities and expand their knowledge of the world. Some believe that forcing students to volunteer is defeating the purpose of volunteering, because it's not volunteering if you are required to do it. However, sometimes students need an extra push to reach out to their communities. It's because some students don't know the benefits of volunteering. After they start volunteering, they'll realize that volunteering can benefit them a lot and they will want to volunteer more. Through volunteering, I've learned many valuable life skills. Besides teaching valuable life skills, volunteering may lead to a part-time job opportunity as well. If students prove their reliability and hard work ethic while volunteering, employers may take that into consideration and offer them a job. My best friend got her summer job after volunteering several summers at the Boy Scout camp. There are various other benefits of volunteering. Besides making a difference in people's lives, students develop communication skills and acceptance of others. What's more, reaching out to others who are less fortunate teaches us to be grateful for what we have. All in all, volunteering is an extremely rewarding activity which should be required. \n Answer: High schools should require more community service hours.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree with ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-865e6cae7d3d4489937771c0fa9b2358",
            "input": "Article: What do you usually do to comfort your friends when they are feeling sad or depressed ? You probably pat them on the back or shoulder , or maybe you give them a big , warm hug . We used to think that knowing when and how to comfort others was an ability that only humans have . But scientists have discovered that apes have this ability , too , according to a study published in the Journal of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Two researchers from Emory University in Atlanta , US , went to an Ape Protection Centre in Congo to study bonobos , which are closely related to humans . The researchers analyzed the bonobos' reactions after more than 370 cases of stressful situations , such as fights and losing temper , and found that some bonobos rushed to hug those that were screaming after being attacked , just like humans would have done . However , researchers noted hat not all bonobos were capable of comforting others . In the protection centre , many bonobos are orphans whose mothers were killed by hunters . They were found to be more anxious in times of tension and to have greater difficulty controlling their own emotions , making them worse at reaching out to help friends in need . \" Orphans , who have not had the benefit of a mother helping them handling their emotions , are much worse at comforting others , \" Professor Frans de Waal , one of the researchers , told The Telegraph . \" Bonobos with moms were able to curb their negative emotional reactions more quickly . Therefore , they pay more attention to others . \" This pattern mirrors the way that human children have been found to react . Those who seem more capable of handling their own emotions - for example , the ones who can calm themselves down more quickly after upsetting experiences - are usually better at expressing their concerns for others . \n Answer: Moms play a significant role in handling kids' emotions .",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9099e160c414c8ab139634dd65a78c7",
            "input": "Article: The moment a college student arrives on campus, he or she _ credit card offers. Advertisements for student credit cards are everywhere: in bags at the bookstore, in the campus newspaper, in your regular mailbox, in the residence halls. With so many college students graduating with large amounts of credit card debt (figures vary, but most are at least in the thousands), learning how to manage a student credit card can be an important lesson for any student. While using a card wisely can be an important part of building credit and making it through a difficult time, knowing how to use a card wisely can be the hard part. Stick to the following rules when, and if, you need to use a credit card: You can repay the charge(s) within the card's next billing cycle. You must meet your basic needs, like food, clothing and shelter, but set rules and be aware that you will need to repay those charges at the end of the month. You can talk to the financial aid office in your school for an alternative in \"emergency\" situations. If you do want a credit card, just be smart about it. (They let you in to that school because of your brain, right?) Don't automatically get the first one you find. Shop around for a card that has the lowest interest rate possible, and consider places that may not be advertising on campus. Additionally, be aware of any card's repayment options: When will payments be due? How much will they be? A credit card is not like a loan that comes with a grace period after you graduate and waits until you are done with school. That new sweater and nice dinner out will need to be paid back right away. \n Answer: A college freshman should be careful when choosing a credit card.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0f57c2e523024b9295d7724b66538d40",
            "input": "Article: Over the past 20 years, AIDS and war have claimed the parents of 2.4 million Ugandan children.When Alexis Hefley first visited the country,, in 1993, she saw the children's sorrow, but the former Texas banker also spotted \"a world of possibility\".She watched as they danced for tourists to earn money, and she had a thought: If people in America could see them perform, they'd support them too. The children's passion and talent inspired Hefley to work with the kids at an orphanage in Kampala, the capital city of Uganda, to organize a traveling dance troupe .The goals: to give the problems in Uganda a human face, to raise awareness and to raise money. The first tour touched down at six American cities in 1994.Today, the 22-member troupe, known as the Spirit of Uganda, travels across America every two years.The young performers bring their energy and joy to audiences across the U.S.and help support hundreds of Ugandan orphans back home.Among the young dancers, some earn scholarships to attend the U.S.colleges, and then return to their country to help rebuild it. Photojournalist Douglas Menuez first photographed the troupe in 2006 -?a project that led to his new book, Transcendent Spirit, from which these images are drawn.At each performance, the dancers' faces show pure joy, quite an achievement given the hardships they've faced.\"They look to the future, not the past,\" explains Menuez.\"They embrace beauty and good in the world.\" As one dancer puts it, \"People think we have lost our parents.We've had so many problems.But then they see us perform.They see our smiles.And they learn that life goes on.\" \n Answer: Its dancers have chances to study in the U.S.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about the Spirit of Uganda?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b432a5733255428fa2523834f4e68446",
            "input": "Article: You know Australia is a big country, but you may not know how easy it is to get around. The _ beaches that go for miles and deserts that touch the horizon are just there, waiting to be reached and explored. The following are the different ways you can explore our vast country. Getting around Australia Air Flying is the best way to cover large distances in a short time. You can spend more time on the Australia's can't-miss landscapes and relaxing lifestyle. Moreover, competition among airlines makes great flying fees available for you. Drive Australia has a vast network of well-maintained roads and some of the most beautiful touring routes in the world. You have no difficulty finding car rental companies at major airports, central city locations, suburbs and attractions. Bus Bus travel in Australia is comfortable, easy and economical. Buses generally have air conditioning, reading lights, adjustable seats and videos. Services are frequent, affordable and efficient. Rail Train travel is the cheapest and gives you an insight into Australia's size and variety, all from the comfort of your carriage. Scheduled services are a great way to get quickly between our cities and regional centers. Ferry The Spirit of Tasmania runs a passenger and vehicle ferry service between Melbourne and Tasmania nightly. Extra services are running during summer rush hours. Sealink ferries connect South Australia and Kangaroo Island several times a day. Ferries connect suburbs in our capital cities. Walk With easy on the feet pedestrian streets, walking is a great way to get around our cities. Besides all the above, you can also experience some of the longest tracks and trails in the world in central Australia--impressive journeys of a thousand kilometers or more that can take several weeks to complete. \n Answer: You can easily rent a car to explore its most beautiful touring routes.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about travelling in Australia?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fa11dbaf14cb489f8d9bcf67b530d7ee",
            "input": "Article: Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to perform euthanasia --that's to say, doctors are permitted to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. Word that the law was passed by the vote of 15 to 10 immediately flashed on the Internet and was picked up by John, the director of the Right to Die Society of Canada, who posted it on the group's homepage online, saying, \"This isn't merely something that happened in Australia. It's world history.\" The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law has left physicians and citizens trying to deal with its moral and practical influence. Some have breathed sighs of relief; but others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the law. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia--where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part--other states are going to consider making a similar law. In the U. S. and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, _ . Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death--probably by a deadly injection or pill--to end suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as incurably ill by two doctors. After a \"cooling off\" period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill Law means he can get on with living without the disturbing fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. \"I' m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,\" he says. \n Answer: If a patient requests death, he should sign a certificate after 48 hours.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, which of the following statements is TURE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ffaa68233608424e8f0bd3153daa2cf8",
            "input": "Article: The Cuban iguana  is a species of lizard of the iguana family. It is the largest of the West Indian rock iguanas, one of the most endangered groups of lizards. This species with red eyes and a thick tail is one of the largest lizards in the Caribbean. The Cuban iguana is mainly _ : 95% of its diet consists of the leaves, flowers and fruits from as many as 30 plant species, including the seaside rock bush and various grasses. However, Cuban iguanas occasionally eat animal matter, and individuals have been watched eating the dead flesh of birds, fish and crabs. The researchers wrote that quite a few people on Isla Magueyes could have caused this incident. The Cuban iguana is living throughout the rocky southern coastal areas of mainland Cuba and its surrounding islands with a wild population growing rapidly on Isla Magueyes, Puerto Rico. It is also found on the Cayman Islands of Little Cayman and Cayman Brac, where a separate subspecies occurs. Females guard their nest sites and often nest in sites half destroyed by Cuban crocodiles. To avoid the attack from them, the Cuban iguana often makes its home within or near prickly-pear cacti . In general the species is decreasing, more quickly on the mainland than on the outlying islands. One of the reasons for their decrease is habitat destruction caused by the over consuming of farm animals, housing development, and the building of tourist resorts  on the beaches where the animals prefer to build their nests. Although the wild population is decreasing, the numbers of iguanas have been sharply increased as a result of captive-breeding and other protection programs. \n Answer: Three.",
            "output": [
                "How many reasons are mentioned for the habitat destruction?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d91ab58a40754f87a5dddf3f62967406",
            "input": "Article: Time: July 16-20, 2016 Location: Norman Park   Conference Center Price: 500 Students who have completed the 5th, 6thor 7thgrade and meet the specified requirements can take part in this exciting mission opportunity. Children will spend 5 days in the Center joining in various activities. Our theme for this camp is \"Teamwork\". The title speaks to our goal: We want this trip to help our students improve their _ awareness. WHAT TO DO: STEP ONE: FORM WORK *Click on the link to print out the necessary forms: Propel Missions Camp Forms *Complete the forms, printing neatly and clearly. *Turn in your forms along with a copy of your insurance card to the office during business hours. PARTICIPANT FORM * This form must be signed and notarized . * Your form may be notarized at the office during normal office hours, at the Children's reception desk before and after service times, or by a Notary Public of your choosing. SPECIAL NEEDS FORM(If needed) Special Needs form should be filled out only if there is a particular need (as described in the form) of which we and the camp should know. ROOMMATE FORM This form will help us place your child in a room with the peers  of his or her preference. We will provide a list of students attending at your request to help your child make his or her choices. STEP TWO: READ Click on the link and read carefully the Parent Information Packet provided by the camp: Propel Missions Camp Forms 2016 Contact Information If interested, contact Pastor Scott atscott. Morrison@fbcvidalia.orgor call the office at (912)537-4169. \n Answer: It will begin on July16 and last for five days.",
            "output": [
                "What do you know about the camp?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e63f1ac48d034254a45bcfec5ac54197",
            "input": "Article: The smallest animal with a backbone  known to science, a fish from the carp family, has been discovered in the peat swamps  of Indonesia. Mature females of the fish species  Paedocypris reach just 7.9mm in length. The species was discovered in the highly acidic   peat swamps of the Indonesian island of Sumatra by a team led by Ralf Britz, a zoologist at the Natural History Museum in London. \"This is one of the strangest fish that I've seen in my whole career,\" Dr Britz said. \"It's tiny, and it lives in acid. I hope that we'll have time to find out more about them before their habitat disappears completely.\" The species lives in dark tea-colored swamp waters, which are 100 times more acidic than rainwater. Although these swamps were once thought to be inhabited by very few animals, recent research has shown that they are home to a highly different range of species that occur nowhere else. The peat swamps were damaged by forest fires in 1997, and are also threatened by agriculture. The scientists behind the discovery said that several populations of Paedocypris had already been lost. \"Many of the peat swamps we surveyed throughout South-East Asia no longer exist,\" Dr Britz said. \"Populations of all the miniature fish of peat swamps have decreased or disappeared.\" Details of the discovery are published today in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B. \n Answer: The Smallest Backbone Animal",
            "output": [
                "64.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aaf78005aa3a40f0badccc615ab2c0e6",
            "input": "Article: When you think of American culture, what first comes to your mind? McDonald's? Coca Cola? Disneyland? Michael Jordan? Many people imagine American culture is a collection of popular symbols like these. Actually, these symbols are only one small part of American culture--pop culture. What is pop culture? Well, pop is short for popular. The origins of pop culture can often be traced to popular movies, television shows, music stars and sports figures. Pop culture is also promoted  by business and advertising. The most common examples of American pop culture appear among high school and college students. Trends set by famous personalities quickly become part of young people's lifestyles. American pop culture has spread around the world. One major reason for its popularity is that English is a universal language. English is the language of diplomacy , international business and transportation. Since language and culture go together, learning English means becoming aware of English-speaking cultures. Also, America is a world leader in movies, music and magazines. The kind of American culture communicated in those media is pop culture. Finally, pop culture is easy to package and to export. For that reason, it is easy to \"sell\" to the world. Many people assume that American pop culture is what America is all about. Does pop culture reflect the true culture of America? Yes and no. Pop culture does represent a part of American society--especially urban young people. But American pop culture is  _ and ever-changing. It is an artificial  and superficial  picture of America. If you want to learn about real American culture, you'll have to go a little farther than McDonald's. \n Answer: The introduction to American pop culture",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-110963e84959489f9d8284bfb3c1efa2",
            "input": "Article: Most cultures have a feast or festival of light. Each culture celebrates this festival in a different way.      The Jewish Festival of Light is called Hanukkah. It usually takes place in December. The story of why Hanukkah is celebrated is very old. It is told that a long time ago, Jewish people called the Macabees were at war with a country called Syria. On the day that the Macabees won the war, they cleaned up their holy place, which is called a temple, because the Syrian people had been living there. They wanted to light their holy lamps to say thank you for the end of the year, but found only a very small amount of oil left over to do that. The Macabees lit the lamps anyway, thinking that they would soon go out. The lamps kept burning for eight days! The Jewish people celebrate Hanukkah every year by lighting a candlestick that has eight candleholders. Every night a new candle is lit so that on the eighth night, all eight candles stand together. Presents are given at this time and money is given to the poor.      The Christmas story is not quite as old as the Hanukkah story, but it is also very old. Christmas is the time when Christians around the world celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ. It is believed that Christ was born in a stable. On the night of his birth, angels, shepherds and three wise men visited him. The wise men brought gifts with them. This is a happy and busy time of the year. Homes are decorated with Christmas trees and decorations. It is a time for being with the family. Families travel long distances to gather at Christmas. Lots of lights are put up everywhere. This is to show that Jesus is the\"Light of the world\"who came to bring peace to all people.      Lanterns are another form of light. In China, the Lantern Festival goes back to the Han Dynasty. One emperor heard that Buddhist monks would light lanterns to  _ Buddha on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month;so he also ordered to light lanterns in the imperial palace and temples to show respect to Buddha on the day. Later, the rite developed into a grand festival among common people. During the festival, parks become a sea of lanterns. Sometimes streets are blocked off and lanterns are put down on each side to make a hallway of lanterns. People also hang lanterns in their gardens, outside their houses or on boats. It is believed that the lanterns will guide visitors and the spirits of ancestors to the celebrations. The Lantern Festival is a time for families to reunite. \n Answer: The wish for peace and happiness in the world.",
            "output": [
                "What is the theme shared by all the three festivals?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-96f9c015fcf746e68cfb5c9b916aeeb4",
            "input": "Article: TransLink is urging customers to avoid non-essential travel today and to stay home where possible in the difficult weather conditions. TransLink chief executive officer Peter Strachan said bus and train services were continuing to run where possible, however all CityCat and CityFerry services had been cancelled until further notice. \"These are extremely difficult conditions for South East Queensland---we are running essential services where possible but safety remains to be the most important,\" Mr Strachan said. \"Severe weather and associated flooding has impacted on all modes of public transport, with bus, ferry and train services all impacted to varying degrees. \"If you are planning to use public transport at anytime over the next few days, then I would recommend you check that your intended service is still running.\" Service disruptions   for today include: l City network trains running hourly on all lines. l Bus diversions, delays and cancellations in some regions, particularly across Brisbane, Ipswich and the Sunshine Coast. l CityCat and CityFerry services cancelled. Queensland Rail Chief Executive Officer Paul Scurrah said rising waterways had closed some train lines, and road closures and damage to property throughout the South-East had contributed to a shortage of available rail employees. \"We intend to run trains hourly on all lines, similar to the timetable we operate on Christmas Day. We will also be looking to run other additional services to meet demand as required. At this stage we will run services stopping at all stations which will depart at the same time on the hour, however, this is all subject to the weather conditions and the availability of traincrew.\" Mr Scurrah encouraged all customers to visit the Translink website for specific departure times for their station, and asked for patience in the event of delays. \"Queensland Rail appreciates that reduced services may cause disruptions but it is simply unavoidable. We have a dedicated and experienced team monitoring the situation around the clock and will be working to reopen the network as soon as practicably possible,\" Mr Scurrah said. The latest service disruption information is available on the TransLink website www.translink.com.au. \n Answer: Plane.",
            "output": [
                "Which means of transport is NOT available during the special period?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ab5dae3180a44651a48277291ed3d117",
            "input": "Article: When I learned that my 71-year-old mother was playing Scrabble--a word game--against herself, I knew I had to do something. My husband suggested we give her a computer to play against. I wasn't sure my mother was ready for it. After all, it had taken 15 years to persuade her to buy an electric cooker. Even so, we packed up our old computer and delivered it to my parents' home. And so began my mother's adventure in the world of computers. It also marked the beginning of an unusual teaching task for me. I've taught people of all ages, but I never thought I would be teaching my mother how to do anything. She has been the one teaching me all my life; to cook and sew; to enjoy the good times and put up with the bad. Now it was my turn to give something back. It wasn't easy at the beginning. There was so much to explain and to introduce. Slowly but surely, my mother caught on, making notes in a little notebook. After a few months of Scrabble and other games, I decided it was time to introduce her to word processing . This proved to be a bigger challenge  to her, so I gave her some homework. I asked her to write me a letter, using different letter types, colors and spaces. \"Are you demanding this with your kindergarten pupils?\" she said. \"No, of course not,\" I said. \"They already know how to use a computer.\" My mother isn't the only one experiencing a fast personal growth period. Thanks to the computer, my father has finally got over his phone allergy . For as long as I remember, and time I called, my mother would answer, Dad and I have had more phone conversations in the last two months than we've had in the past 20 years. \n Answer: She is a teacher.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc048dd99a3d4639805c0a01669ac45a",
            "input": "Article: In the 1950s, a family that owned a farm near Beulah, Michigan kept a bull chained to an elm  . The bull paced around the tree, dragging the heavy iron chain, which led to a groove   in the bark . The groove deepened over the years. Though for whatever reason, it did not kill the tree. After some years, the family took their bull away. They cut the chain, leaving the loop around the tree and one link hanging down. Then one year, agricultural disaster struck Michigan in the form of Dutch Elm Disease. All of the elms lining the road leading to the farm became infected and died. Everyone thought that the old elm would be the next. The farm owners considered doing the safe thing: pulling it out and cutting it up into firewood before it died. But they simply could not bring themselves to do it. It was as if the old tree had become a family friend. So they decided to let nature take its course. Amazingly, the tree did not die. Nobody could understand why it was the only elm still standing in the county! Plant experts from Michigan State University came out to observe the tree. They observed the scar left by the iron chain, now almost completely covered by bark. The experts decided that it was the chain that saved the elm's life. They reasoned that the tree must have absorbed so much iron from the chain that it became immune to the virus. It's said that what doesn't kill you will make you stronger. Or, as Earnest Hemingway put it, \"Life breaks us all, but afterwards, many of us are strongest at the broken places.\" \n Answer: They did nothing and just let it be.",
            "output": [
                "What did the family do with the elm when the agricultural disaster hit Michigan one year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d9ea8c05d184f6ea8d1d866f7157c9f",
            "input": "Article: One Saturday morning Ann was going on business. Before starting, she took her son Sam to her friends, Bill and Kate, and asked them to look after him for the day. Sam, an independent boy of six years old, had black hair and was wearing a pair of jeans and a bright yellow shirt. At eleven o'clock Bill took Sam into town. Sam walked along behind Bill, looking at the windows of all the shops they passed. After lunch they went to the park and walked about. The whole place was very crowded. Bill stopped to buy some chocolate. When he turned round to give some to Sam, the boy wasn't there. Bill ran round calling Sam, but he couldn't find him. About an hour later, just in front of a shop, he saw the black hair, the pair of jeans and the bright yellow shirt. The boy looked as if he was waiting for someone to come out of the shop. Bill ran across the road, took the boy by the hand and hurried off, as it was quite late. The boy began to cry and pull hard, but Bill, who didn't know much about children, couldn't understand a word the boy was saying. All the boy made was a lot of noise. When they got home at last, Bill went straight to the kitchen, with the boy still crying. At the door Bill stopped with an amazed look. There, sitting at the kitchen table with Kate, was a small boy with black hair, in a pair of jeans and a bright yellow shirt. \n Answer: Because Ann was too busy to look after Sam.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Ann take Sam to Bill and Kate?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b83c6a42fa17482b99a6ddeb8b36c140",
            "input": "Article: The 87thAcademy Award nominations  were announced on Jan 15, and The Grand Budapest Hotel stood out as a favorite with nine nominations, including Best Picture. Check out some other Best Picture nominees to see if you missed any of last year's top Hollywood films. The Imitation Game This historical thriller is about British computer scientist, Alan Turing (Benedict Cumberbatch), the father of artificial intelligence. At the start of World War II, Turing was asked to join a select team of mathematical geniuses to decode  the system the Nazis used to send military messages. Besides the actual breaking of the code, Cumberbatch's portrayal of Turing's personality, a mixture of decency and shyness, is also a highlight of the movie. Birdman This dark comedy film is about how Riggan Thomson, a faded star once famous for his superhero roles, struggles to regain fame. American actor Michael Keaton, 63, who has a similar experience to Thomson's, plays the leading role. Selma A stellar cast  including talk show queen Oprah Winfrey may be one reason to see Selma. But that the film focuses on Martin Luther King Jr.'s struggle for civil rights also makes it worth viewing. Based on the 1965 Selma to Montgomery voting rights marches, the film is a chronicle  of King's (David Oyelowo) campaign for political rights for African-American people. The Theory of Everything We know English theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking for his significant scientific discoveries, especially his black hole theories. This biographical film reveals the scientist's (played by Eddie Redmayne) secret romantic relationship with Jane Hawking (Felicity Jones), whom he meets and falls in love with at Cambridge and who later becomes his first wife. Boyhood American Director Richard Linklater did an experiment in this film, using the same cast for 12 years to record a boy's growth. In two and a half hours, we see Mason, a Texas boy from a divorced family, grow from 6-year-old boy to a freshman in college. \n Answer: Six",
            "output": [
                "How many Best Picture nominees are mentioned in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3d8a075b05d4483d847313bb91c1f834",
            "input": "Article: Last March, the H7N9 virus   hit Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and so on. It seemed that most people who were infected  with H7N9 had the common flu . Some people suffered from a fever or a cough.    Don't be afraid--it's not easy to be infected with the virus. Here is some advice to help you protect yourself when it comes.  Wash your hands. You need to wash your hands with soap and hot water before you eat, after you use the toilet, and after you touch animals, because your hands may carry viruses.  Cover your nose and mouth. When someone sneezes  or coughs, flu viruses can travel as far as one meter through the air, so you'd better stand a proper distance  while talking to someone who has a cold. And always cover your mouth and nose with a piece of paper when you sneeze or cough, and then clean your hands. Wear a mask . Some doctors say that masks can stop the flu as much as 80%, but if  you don't wash your hands often, it's no use wearing a mask. And it's necessary to wear the mask in the groups of people. Do sports often. Exercises will help make your body strong enough to resist the virus. \n Answer: In March, 2013.",
            "output": [
                "When did the H7N9 virus hit Shanghai?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3c59c70414f3458186616098061bd396",
            "input": "Article: My l4-year-old son, John, and I spotted the coat at the same time in a second-hand clothing store. It stood out among big and old coats. It had beautiful tailoring and an unbelievable price: $28. I looked at my son and we both said nothing, but John's eyes shone. Dark, woolen topcoats were popular with teenage boys, but they could cost several hundred dollars new. This coat was even better. John tried it on and turned from side to side, eyeing himself in the mirror. The fit was perfect. John wore the coat to school the next day and came home with a big _ \"Did the kids like your coat?\" I asked. \"They loved it,\" he said. Over the next few weeks, John changed. He was polite, less argumentative, more thoughtful, and on the whole much happier. \"Good dinner, mom,\" he would say every evening. Without a word of objection he would carry in wood for the stove. One day when I suggested that he might start on his homework before dinner, John, who always put things off, said: \"You're right. I guess I will.\" When I mentioned this incident to one of his teachers, she joked that the coat must have changed him. John and I both know we should never mistake a person's clothes for the real person within them. But there is something to be said for wearing a standard of excellence for the world to see, for practicing standards of excellence in thought, speech, and behavior, and for matching what is on the inside to what is on the outside. \n Answer: What we wear could help shape who we are inside.",
            "output": [
                "What message does the author intend to deliver in the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c33145af68814075b4a3cf348d764299",
            "input": "Article: Become a confident speaker. How to improve your English speaking skills and make you able to communicate more easily and effectively? The following tips will help you to become a more confident speaker. Practice where you can and when you can. And practice is good -- whether you speak to someone who is a native English speaker or not. It's important to build up your confidence. If possible, use the simple sentence structure that you know is correct, so that you can concentrate on getting your message across. Try to experiment with the English you know. Apply   words and phrases you know to new situations. Native English speakers are likely to correct you if you use the wrong word. They usually don't mind if you use wrong grammar. Try to respond to what people say to you. You can often get clues to what people think by looking at their body language. Respond to them in a natural way. Never translate everything into your own language. It takes you much time and you'll find it difficult to find an English answer right away. You don't know how to do well. The more you want to act well, the more slowly you act. This will make you _  If you forget a word, do what native English speakers do all the time, and say things that 'fill' the conversation. This is better than remaining completely silent. Try using 'um', 'er', if you forget the word. Don't speak too fast! It's important to use a natural rhythm   in speaking English, but if you speak too fast it will be difficult for people to understand you. Try to relax when you speak, and you'll find that your mouth does most of the pronunciation work for you. Speak English at a normal speed. Final tips: Try to become less hesitant. Don't be shy to speak -- the more you do it, the more confident you'll become. Remember to be polite -- use \"please\" and \"thank you\" if you ask someone to do something for you. \n Answer: Suggestions on becoming a confident speaker.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9a5ed39dfcae4996a16f72888b203800",
            "input": "Article: Global warming is the process of earth's atmosphere heating up. Over the last 100 years, the average temperature of earth's atmosphere has gone up 1 Fahrenheit. The weather has not changed exactly the same way in every area of the planet. But scientists think that the rise in average temperature is already affecting the earth's climate. Many scientists now believe that global warming is caused by cutting down trees, producing more trash, and polluting the environment which are some of the reasons why the temperature has gone up. Many scientists believe that the biggest causes of global warming are new human technologies that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is not new. Certain gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane, making it hard for heat energy to go into space. In the past, the climate didn't change much because nature produced just the right amount of greenhouse gases to deal with it. Today, most scientists are pretty sure that the rising temperature can't be blamed on nature. Ever since the industrial revolution in the 1700s, humans have relied on machines for daily life. And many of those machines give off a lot of greenhouse gases. An increase in the release of greenhouse gases from human activities is throwing nature off balance. The climate is a very complicated thing, but many scientists agree that the rising atmospheric temperature has already damaged the environment. Sheets of ice, called glaciers, are melting in Antarctica and other parts of the globe. As glaciers break off and melt into the oceans, they are adding warm water to the oceans and causing the sea level to rise. Over the past 100 years, the sea level has risen 6-8 inches around the world. That means land along the coasts is beginning to disappear under water. Bigger and warmer oceans are also adding to other weather problems caused by pollution in the atmosphere. Some places have received more rain, others have had bigger storms and a few areas in the world have experienced unusual droughts. \n Answer: Global warming.",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly talked about in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-15b0278863fe4533b5b6168e4968a066",
            "input": "Article: Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia  was delivered  _ to me at my house. No card or note came with it. Calls to the florist   were always in vain ---- it was a cash purchase. After a while I stopped trying to discover the sender's identity.  But I never stopped imagining who the anonymous sender might be.  My mother often contributed to these imaginings. She'd ask me if there was someone for whom I had done a special kindness who might be showing appreciation. Perhaps the neighbor I'd help when she was unloading a car full of groceries. Or maybe it was the old man across the street whose mail I retrieved  during the winter so he wouldn't have to venture down his icy steps.  When I was 17, a boy broke my heart. The night he called for me the last time, I cried myself to sleep. When I awoke in the morning, there was a message scribbled  on my mirror in red lipstick: \"Heartily know, when half-gods go, the gods arrive.\" I thought about that quotation from Emerson   for a long time, and I left it where my mother had written it. When I finally went to get the glass cleaner, my mother knew everything was all right again. I don't remember ever slamming  my door in anger at her and shouting, \"You just don't understand!\" because she did understand.     One month before my high-school graduation, my father died suddenly of a heart attack. My feelings ranged from grief to abandonment, fear and over-whelming anger that my dad was missing some of the most important events in my life. I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation, the senior-class play and the prom-events  that I had worked on and looked forward to.  But my mother, in the midst of her own grief, would not hear of my missing out any of those things. The day before my father died, she and I had gone shopping for a prom dress and found a spectacular  one. Wearing it made me feel like a princess, but it was the wrong size, and when my father died the next day, I forgot all about the dress. My mother didn't. The day before the prom, I found that dress-in the right size, draped over the living room sofa, presented to me -- beautifully, artistically and lovingly. I didn't care about having a new dress, but my mother did. She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable, creative and imaginative. My mother died when I was 22, only ten days after I was married. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming. \n Answer: Because she wanted her child to feel cherished and loved not just by her but by the world.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Mother try to arouse the author's imagination about the gardenia sender?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-021058963e65422eaa765ca71f5b9790",
            "input": "Article: \"It is obvious that China will climb up university rankings in the years to come.\"This statement from Phil Baty, editor of the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, lines up with China's optimism that it will produce world-class universities. But there are still difficulties to overcome, experts say. Universities from China's mainland slipped in the 2011-2012 Times' global rankings. Peking University dropped 12 places from last year to 49th, and Tsinghua University fell to 71st place. Among Asian universities, Peking is ranked No. 4 and Tsinghua No. 8. A combination of factors determines rankings -- research output, study environment, reputation and international outlook. Due to China's economic development, investment   in education and research has increased, but the quality of education and research in Chinese academia seems not to have kept pace. The gauge   is the number of papers published in highly respected English-language journals, so while many papers are being produced in China, it appears not all are good enough to attract international attention. Still, higher education in China is developing quickly, thanks in part to huge government investment. China spent an amount equal to 3.69 percent of GDP on education last year, according to Ministry of Finance data. China has the largest and one of the fastest growing higher education systems in the world -- 2,723 schools for 31 million students. Enrollment   has increased more than four times from 2001 to 2011. \n Answer: Worried.",
            "output": [
                "What's Phil Baty's attitude towards the future of Chinese universities?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff61cd9bae024c3fa6dba3a260de974a",
            "input": "Article: \"Now stretch  over your right leg!\" my dance teacher yells over the music. \"If it doesn't hurt, you're not trying hard enough. Hold that stretch for 30 seconds!\" My dance teacher works hard to form us into the dancers we desire to be. In order for this to occur, we stretch hard a lot! Dancing is a real passion of many people, including me. I work hard to make myself better, and prove that I am good enough. Performing a dance routine is more than just a  performance. Dancers tell stories when they dance. It is a way for us to express our personal feelings. Just letting go and letting your body move with the music can create your emotions. Dance tells us things that our mind secretly hides. \"Get up and do it again!  You need to keep your spirits up!\" Even though I am completely worn out after my dances, I love to hear those words. It gives me a sense of relief knowing that I can again express my feelings out on the floor. \"Practice makes perfect! Come on. We have a competition this weekend, and we need to work harder!\" Competitions are the best possible example of fun. For a dancer, life cannot get better than competitions. The thrill of losing yourself onstage is a rush of energy rushing through your body! The feeling is unexplainable. As you sit there putting on your makeup, fixing your hair, and putting on your costume, the rush just gradually grows until it is ready to be released onstage. Finally the time comes to tell your story. Standing backstage waiting for your name to be called is one of the scariest moments. You are ready to show the world what you are capable of and what you have been perfecting for a while. Once your number is called, you walk out onstage. The applause at the end tells each dancer that their story has been received, and that the dance has been brought to life. \n Answer: Understand the music.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author's dance teacher require her to do during the dance class?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5bba48bc42a5407582e77476b7309600",
            "input": "Article: Saturday was my husband's birthday, but we spent most of the time in the car. We were driving to Phoenix for the weekend to celebrate his birthday and see the Warriors play the Suns. My husband is a lucky man. Not only has he lived to see another birthday, but he doesn't mind driving 200 miles to see an NBA basketball game. In the car, his cellphone kept ringing with birthday greetings from family and friends. He put them all on the speakerphone so he could drive with both hands and I could listen in even though it wasn't my birthday. Meanwhile, on the CD player, the Reverend AL Green began to singLove and Happiness. A little good music makes a bad road better. Four hours later, we checked into hotel, got dinner and sat out a rooftop feeling glad to be alive. We had a great weekend--we ate too much, slept too little and the Warriors, well, they lost. But still, it was worth the drive. On the way home, I started thinking about birthdays. In our family, we celebrate four in January, four in February, and all the others throughout the year. Mine is next week. I felt lucky, like my husband, I will get cards and calls and maybe a few videos. I don't need presents any more. When you've seen as many birthdays as I have seen, the only gift you truly want is to see one more. Birthdays are the mile markers on the road of life. They tell us how far we have come, but not how far we have gone. Life is a journey more than a destination. What matters is whom we choose as traveling companions, and how often we get to sit back and enjoy the ride. \n Answer: The music played on their CD player.",
            "output": [
                "What helps to make their long journey drive to Phoenix better?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dfbe6475b734499db8c3d1fea82953f8",
            "input": "Article: The 9.2magnitude earthquake which caused the tsunami in the Indian Ocean on Boxing Day last year occurred at 7:58 a.m.,95 miles off the west coast of Aceh, Indonesia. Eighteen minutes later.10-metre high waves crashed the ashore along a 500----mile-long stretch of Aceh. Two hours later the tsunami hit Thailand and Malaysia and then Burma, Bangladesh, India,the Maldives,Sri Lanka,Kenya and Somalia.The final death toll is thought to be about 280,000,with tens of thousands more listed as missing.More than l.8 million people lost their homes. *What Is Tsunami? A tsunami is a chain of fast moving waves caused by a sudden strong quake in the ocean.They can be caused by earthquakes,volcanic eruptions ,or even the collision of meteorites .Tsunamis are also incorrectly known as tidal waves,but unlike tidal waves they are not caused by changes in the tides. They are also most common around the edge of the Pacific,where more than half of the world's volcanoes are found.These fast moving waves can attack coastlines,often with little or no warning.Rocks weighing as much as 20 metric tonnes have been pulled from sea walls and carried l 80m inland. *Wave Power Atsunami can have a wavelength in excess of 1 00km and there may be an hour between them.They travel at great speeds across an ocean with hardly any energy losses and are barely noticeable out at sea. Over the deep Pacific Ocean,a tsunami travels at about 800kph.If an earthquake happened in Los Angeles.a tsunami could hit Tokyo quicker than you could fly between the cities by jet. *Strange Animal Behaviors Ten days before giant waves slammed into Sri Lanka and India coastlines,wild and domestic  animals seemed to know what was about to happen and fled to safety. Elephants screamed and ran for higher ground. Dogs refused to go outdoors. Zoo animals rushed into their shelters and could not be enticed to come back out. \n Answer: The serious destruction caused by the great power of a tsunaml.",
            "output": [
                "..What does the first part of the passage mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f35054159d3147b6af5a91257a2d9bee",
            "input": "Article: During the week days,they are luckily busy office people; but on weekends,they are just a brood of stay home animals.A recent survey shows that office workers in China prefer quiet and easy ways to spend their weekends. In the survey,conducted by job seeking and offering website Zhaopin.com,32.8 percent of the 6000 respondents choose to stay home at weekends and have a good rest,the Beijing Morning Post reported. Twenty percent use their days off to do housework. And only 19.3 percent are willing to have fun during the break time from work.Their first choice of fun is shopping. Other choices,though practiced by few,include meeting friends,accompanying the children,trips to the suburbs,and lessons for more skills. When they go shopping,54.5 percent of the white collars actually shop in supermarkets,while 27.9 percent attend other stores,especially when discounts are offered.    These activities don't seem to cost much,as 60 percent spend average less than 200 yuan(US$26)during weekends,and 30 percent no more than 500 yuan. When asked whom they would spend the weekends with,about 40 percent mention their partners,and 30 percent prefer a weekend all by themselves.Less than 20 percent hang out with friends. Only 5.8 percent would kill the time with their colleagues.This is because we tend to avoid too many personal contacts with our coworkers when we don't have to work with them,according to some experts. \n Answer: 1674.",
            "output": [
                "How many of the office workers who are the respondents do the housework at weekends?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-516150e921b24cfb927522cb5baf9201",
            "input": "Article: Stagnant  scientific education endangers U.S. economic leadership, says a report by leading business and science figures.      Released at a congressional meeting attended by senators  and Congress members of  both parties, the report updates a 2005 science education report that led to moves to double federal  research funding.        Nevertheless, the Rising Above the Gathering Stormreview finds little improvement in U.S. elementary and secondary technical education since then.     \"Our nation's future has worsened,\" concludes the report panel headed by former Lockheed chief Martin Norman Augustine. The report \"paints a discouraging future for America if it were to continue on the  _ path it has been following'':     * U.S. K-12 education in mathematics and science ranks 48thworldwide.     * 49%of U.S. adults don't know how long it takes for the Earth to circle the sun.      Although US school achievement scores have stagnated, harming the economy as employers look elsewhere for competent workers, the report says that other nations have made gains.      If the USA's students matched Finland's, for example, analysis suggests the US economy would grow 9%-16%. \"The real point is that we have to have a well-educated workforce to create  opportunities for young people,\" says Charles Vest,head of the National Academy of Engineering, a report sponsor. \"Otherwise, we don't have a chance.\"    \"The current economic crisis makes the link between education and employment very clear,'' says Steven Newton of the National Center for Science Education in Oakland.      In 2007, however, an analysis led by B. Lindsay Lowell of Georgetown University found that worries about US science education were overblown . It saw three times more science and engineering college graduates than job openings each year. Other reports have found top science and engineering students migrating to better-paying jobs in finance, law and medicine since the  1900s. \n Answer: Poor science education harms US economy",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb9ed551bc254d028b0bb3ccc27d2831",
            "input": "Article: We are much happier in our new house because it has a large garden, and you know how enthusiastic we both are about gardening. When we moved in a month ago, Mary wanted to get a dog to keep out burglars. However, we finally decided that it would be cheaper to put an iron grille in front of the door and get a burglar alarm. Last week, I went to a shop and bought an alarm for just over PS200. It consists of a control unit with three smaller units. I put the control unit in the lounge and put the other units in place by the front door, back door and lounge windows. That night I soon fell asleep because I was confident that no one could get into our house undetected. At about 1:50 a.m. I woke up suddenly and heard the siren. It was like an ambulance driving right through our bedroom. I couldn't leave the siren on all night. I went downstairs in the dark. When I reached the bottom of the stairs, I switched on the light and looked around. Oh my gosh. The back door was unlocked. I rushed to lock it and it was just at that exact moment that the 'burglar' disappeared behind a curtain. Guess what? It was an ordinary house lizard .Apparently the alarm system had been made for American or European homes in which lizards are never seen. I switched the alarm off and sat down to watch. A few moments later, a lizard ran across a wall, right in front of one of the alarm units. I won't bother to finish this story but if you'd like a burglar alarm system free of charge, just let us know. \n Answer: They love plants and flowers.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the author and his wife?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a3bdd1bd1deb4331be56e0ab8bcf11a4",
            "input": "Article: The tradition of birthday parties started in Europe a long time ago. It was feared that evil  spirits were particularly attracted to people on their birthdays. To protect them from harm, friends and family members would come to stay with the birthday person and bring good thoughts and wishes. Giving gifts brought even more good cheer to keep away from the evil spirits. This is how birthday parties began. The following are some countries' birthday traditions: Canada---Putting butter on the nose. In Atlantic Canada, the birthday child's nose is put butter on for good luck. China---Noodles for lunch. The birthday child pays respect to his / her parents and receives a gift of money. Friends and relatives are invited to lunch and noodles are served to wish the birthday child a long life. England---Money cakes. Certain symbolic  objects are mixed into the birthday cake as it is being prepared. If your piece of cake has a coin in it, you will be rich. Ireland---Birthday bump . The birthday child is lifted upside down and \" bumped\" on the floor for good luck. Italy---Pulling ears. The child's ears are pulled as many times as how old he / she is turning. Japan---New clothes. The birthday child wears new clothes to mark the occasion. New Zealand---Birthday claps. After the candles are hit, the happy birthday song is sung loudly and often out of tune and then the birthday person receives a clap for each year he / she has been alive and then one for good luck. The United States---Cake, candles and the birthday song. A cake is made, and candles are put on top based on how old the person is. \n Answer: China.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, in which country can the birthday children probably receive a gift of money?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-82d8d8a58eca49bbb5bf4479106f3cbf",
            "input": "Article: I wrote a business plan the other day. I gave it to my husband for suggestions. After reading it, he said, \"I don't think this is up to your usual standards.\" I said, \"I need more information. What doesn't work?\" He said he wasn't sure. I then took the letter and reread it. He asked, \"How about if I look at it again and make notes between the space?\" I agreed. A half hour later I looked at his notes and told him he didn't understand the situation and what I really wanted to express. He shrugged   and said OK. I took the letter and went back to my computer and again revised. As I was writing, I could see my letter improving based on his suggestions. When I finished, I proudly handed the letter back to my husband. He read it for the third time and said, \"It's still not right but I couldn't exactly say.\" I was a little annoyed and then told him I was the writer and I had seen some goofy letters he sent out. But I picked up my letter and went back to the computer. After an hour of revisions, I went back to my husband apologetically with letter in hand. I told him I was sorry for what I'd said and asked if he would please read the letter again because I did value his contribution. Being a very patient and kind-hearted fellow, he once again read my letter and declared that it was fine. This all leads me to the following: When you ask for advice on a project, be appreciative and grateful. Understand that the advice and suggestions you get may be negative. Understand that it may mean more work for you. And keep in mind that the final responsibility for the project is still yours. So be modest and thankful even if he or she has noted some problems. \n Answer: To ask him to give her some advice.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author give her business plan to her husband at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-da4970ebfa2a4ca28c1ee166d0600ff8",
            "input": "Article: As hand-held devices such as smartphones are becoming more common, users are reporting some new physical problems. Florida chiropractor Dean Fishman began noticing an increased number of patients talking about neck and shoulder pain. He discovered these symptoms were due to the overuse of hand-held devices, particularly the action of bending the neck, and then _ the term \"Text Neck.\" As if the painful symptoms weren't bad enough, Fishman warns that an untreated case of Text Neck could lead to permanent spinal  damage. Other doctors have warned about \"iPad Hand,\" a condition that occurs when people use tablets like the iPad for hours at a time. Most people use their left hand to support the tablet and their right hand to tap or scroll. Doing this for long periods without changing positions can result in severe joint pain. In order to avoid or reduce the possibility of getting Text Neck or iPad Hand, use the following basic ergonomic  principles: Avoid awkward positioning. Don't strain your neck, and stay aware of how you are positioned in relation to the device. Make sure that both your neck and shoulders are relaxed and that you aren't leaning over for a long period of time. Take frequent breaks when using any kind of mobile device. Many doctors recommend that users change their position every 15 minutes. When using a tablet, use a case that can support the device on a table or your lap at a comfortable viewing angle. Along with a case, use a separate keyboard with your tablet. This will be more comfortable since you'll be resting both hands on the keyboard. And since you won't be holding the tablet, you'll be less likely to experience hand or arm pain. \n Answer: One for typing.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of product for hand-held devices does the writer discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0a2c6262c657422fb75ae15beb4ab396",
            "input": "Article: He has vowed that he will not stop building his business until it is worth PS100 million.But hard-working Owens can stop for at least a moment's celebration after making his first PS1 million at the age of 16.Owens,who has used a computer since the age of seven,began teaching himself basic web design at the age of ten when he was given his first Mac computer.He used his pocket money to fund his first business project,website Mac Box Bundle at just 14 which has made PS700 000 since its establishment in 2008.Mac Box Bundle sells a combination of popular Mac applications which are worth up to $400 together for under just $100 and donates 10 percent of the money to charities. He then established an advertising company Branchr a year later and worked on the business after school and at weekends.Branchr made a surprising PS500 000 in its first year.Branchr works as a platform for website owners to sell advertising. Owens,from Northampton,currently employs eight staff--all adults--around the UK and America as sales and technical assistants.The young man lives with his parents.His mother who is a company secretary said he was inspired to go into business after observing the huge success achieved by Apple's chief executive officers Steve Jobs. Owens said,\"I think everyone has business sense in them,and they just need to gain experience and be determined to make it.There is no magical formula for business.It takes hard work,determination and the drive to do something great.My aim is to become a leading name in the world of Internet and mobile advertising and push myself right to the top of the game. The teenager insists his professional success has not affected his personal life,and says his interests include photography and playing the guitar.\"My friends and I don't really talk about my success.To them I'm just a normal teenager and it doesn't change anything between us.\" \n Answer: Because he drew inspiration from Steve Jobs.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Owens come up with the idea of doing business?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0b9bcea638f242b6a092729b3105b16f",
            "input": "Article: Art is everywhere in our lives.Every manmade object is linked with art--a house,a motor car,a bridge,a chair,a teapot,or a piece of cloth.Throughout history,humans have made articles for a wide variety of purposes;generally for everyday practical requirements.The style of practical objects reflects the outlook and the spirit of the times in which they are made and in consequence style is constantly changing. It seems that humans possess a natural urge to improve constructed objects with decoration:sometimes for beautification,sometimes for religious reasons,sometimes to show off their wealth and power,and sometimes to tell a story.Decoration is not art in itself.Unnecessary decoration can ruin the form and perhaps the function of an object,but when decoration is used with care,it can beautify,produce variety,and add interest. The first essential  in every creation is that it should properly _ its purpose;for instance,a teapot should pour perfectly,an easy chair should provide comfortable relaxation,a block of flats should be a pleasant place in which to live,and a factory or commercial building should be a suitable building in which to work. The second essential is that an object should please the eye with its form,line,proportion ,colour and texture ,and it should be capable of inspiring the emotions.For example,contemporary furniture designers must think of form,function and structure,and have taken their lead from the outstanding Scandinavian designs of Denmark,Finland and Sweden,whose preference was for simple functional furniture to suit the architectural environment of the day.Heavy furniture is no longer desirable,and by contrast,modern furniture is often characterised by its good proportion,pleasing lines,simple fittings and attractive structures. Motor vehicles are a perfect example of how design has changed to suit function.Early car design was greatly influenced by the horsedrawn carriage,but today we find functional design satisfying every requirement of practical use and good appearance.Designs in the 1980s and 1990s included streamlining  to reduce wind resistance in fastmoving vehicles,and,at the same time,satisfy an important art principle--rhythm.But the cars of today,often half size of their predecessors ,have taken the concept of industrial design way beyond simple strength,comfort and beauty.They now include safety and ecological characteristics,reflecting the need to be environmentally friendly through,for example,reduced fuel consumption,while at the same time satisfying the need to be stylish,and appealing to the eye.For many people,the 21stcentury car represents the greatest work of art. \n Answer: It is something people have always done.",
            "output": [
                "What point does the writer make about decorating objects?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b13217ea8ec14f9e8a2276839f1bd593",
            "input": "Article: Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia .This name is a combination of\"wiki\" and \"encyclopedia\". Wiki is the Hawaiian word for quick. Wiki websites are designed to enable users to make addition or edit any page Of the site. Wikipedia has been accused of exhibiting systemic prejudice and mistakes.Critics argue that Wikipedia's open nature and a lack of proper sources for much of the information makes it unreliable, Mention Wikipedia within the walls of academy and you'll find no shortage of opinions.That-s no surprise.Can an online encyclopedia that is edited by anyone be trusted as a credible information source? Should students be encouraged to use this tool? And is it even possible to discourage its users? To find out, we performed a simple experiment.We selected 100 terms from the U.S.history textbooks, We chose a mix of items that students might be asked to research for a test or paper and we entered each item into Google to find out which websites the search engine suggests as the most useful links. The results are shocking. Google listed Wikipedia as the number one:  87 times out of 100. Several conclusions can be drawn from this finding. First,  people searching for information about these historical terms are finding the entries from Wikipedia helpful.Second, 6'banning\" the use of Wikipedia appears hopelessly simple-minded.Jimmy Wales, one of Wikipedia's founders, told the New York Times, \"They might as well suggest not listening to rock & roll either\". To our untrained eyes, the information from Wikipedia appeared just as reliable.The reason why the content is mostly reliable is probably that these terms are rather mainstream.The high-school level content is less likely to be wrong than the subjects studied in graduate schools. So when  primary and secondary students are researching history, Wikipedia is still a proper place to start. \n Answer: Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia edited freely.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can best describe Wikipedia?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-db0123c506a44b92ac32db2ca11be081",
            "input": "Article: I can still remember it as if it happened yesterday. I was a college freshman and had stayed up most of the night before laughing and talking with friends. Now just before my first class of the day my eyelids were feeling heavier and heavier and my head was drifting down to my desk to make my textbook a pillow. A few minutes' nap time before class couldn't hurt, I thought. Boom! I lifted my head immediately and my eyes opened wider than saucers. I looked around with my heart beating quickly trying to find the cause of the noise. My young professor was looking back at me with a _ , boyish smile on his face. He had intentionally dropped the pile of textbooks he was carrying onto my desk. \"Good morning!\" he said, still smiling. \"I'm glad to see everyone is awake. Now let's get started.\" For the next hour I wasn't sleepy at all. It wasn't from the shock of my professor's textbook alarm clock either. Instead, it was from the attractive discussion he led. With knowledge and good humor, he made the material come alive. His insights were full of both wisdom and loving kindness. And the enthusiasm and joy that he taught with were contagious  . I left the classroom not only wide awake, but a little smarter and a little better as well. I learned something far more important than not sleeping in class that day too. I learned that if you are going to do something in this life, do it well, do it with joy, and make it an expression of your love. What a glorious place this world would be if all of us did our work joyously and well! What a beautiful world we could create if every doctor, teacher, musician, cook, waitress, poet, miner, farmer, and laborer made their work an expression of their love! Don't sleepwalk your way through life then. Wake up! Let your love fill your work and your soul. Life is too short not to live it well. \n Answer: Take a short sleep.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author want to do just before his first class of the day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3a73723c4fca4f43aec3d9ee32b434c0",
            "input": "Article: Exercise seems to be good for the human brain,with many recent studies suggesting that regular exercise improves memory and thinking skills.But an interesting new study asks whether the apparent cognitive benefits from exercise are real or just a placebo effect -- that is,if we think we will be \"smarter\" after exercise,do our brains respond accordingly?The answer has significant implications for any of us hoping to use exercise to keep our minds sharp throughout our lives. While many studies suggest that exercise may have cognitive benefits,recently some scientists have begun to question whether the apparently beneficial effects of exercise on thinking might be a placebo effect.So researchers at Florida State University in Tallahassee and the University of Illinois at Urbana      Champaign decided to focus on expectations,on what people anticipate that exercise will do for thinking.If people's expectations jibe   closely with the actual benefits,then at least some of those improvements are probably a result of the placebo effect and not of exercise. For the new study,which was published last month in PLOS One,the researchers recruited 171 people through an online survey system,they asked half of these volunteers to estimate by how much a stretching and toning regimens   performed three times a week might improve various measures of thinking.The other volunteers were asked the same questions,but about a regular walking program. In actual experiments,stretching and toning program generally have little if any impact on people's cognitive skills.Walking,on the other hand,seems to substantially improve thinking ability. But the survey respondents believed the opposite,estimating that the stretching and toning program would be more beneficial for the mind than walking.The estimates of benefits from walking were lower. These data,while they do not involve any actual exercise,are good news for people who do exercise.\"The results from our study suggest that the benefits of aerobic exercise are not a placebo effect,\" said Cary Stothart,a graduate student in cognitive psychology at Florida State University,who led the study. If expectations had been driving the improvements in cognition seen in studies after exercise,Mr.Stothart said,then people should have expected walking to be more beneficial for thinking than stretching.They didn't,implying that the changes in the brain and thinking after exercise are physiologically genuine. The findings are strong enough to suggest that exercise really does change the brain and may,in the process,improve thinking,Mr.Stothart said.That conclusion should encourage scientists to look even more closely into how,at a molecular level,exercise remodels the human brain,he said.It also should encourage the rest of us to move,since the benefits are,it seems,not imaginary,even if they are in our head. \n Answer: It is a physiological response.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about the placebo effect is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8822785b5ccb4e5cbe5d559530990caa",
            "input": "Article: I was catching a later flight to St. Louis, then on to Minnesota. A couple of seats in front and the aisle over sat a very pretty lady. She smiled back at me, I smiled at her noticing her pretty  dress. The rest of the flight was uneventful, but as I was getting off the plane I noticed her again standing by the prompters seeing what flight she was to take and what gate. I stood beside her looking for my gate, and flight number. I commented to her that I had seen her on the flight and she had on a pretty dress. She said \"Thank you\", I asked what flight she was taking? She said to \"Phoenix\". I looked and she had a two-hour _ , I also had a two and a half hours layover and asked her if she would like to go to the cafeteria for something to eat or drink. She said \"Sure\". We introduced ourselves on the way, and she told me that her name was \"Phyllis\". I laughed and said \"my name is Phyllis also\". As we sat in the booth she began telling me that she had been told she was dying of cancer and had less than 6 months to live. She was on her way to visit her children and grandchildren before she began taking treatment. She then told me that she had never flown before and she had prayed a specific prayer. She was afraid she would get lost at the airport and not be able to find her way to the gate, and didn't know what she was going to do for the two hours she was there. She prayed, that someone would meet her at the gate and stay with her until she left the airport. She then asked me \"Are you an Angel God has sent\"? No, I assured her I was no angel, but did God use me to answer her prayer? Yes. \n Answer: At the St. Louis Airport.",
            "output": [
                "Where did the writer notice the lady at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-faef3c13b08f42da88dc3a9bdd7b7101",
            "input": "Article: Internet users can give websites a thumbs up or thumbs down in less than the blink of an eye, according to a recent study by Canadian researchers.        Specifically, a positive or negative decision is made within one-twentieth of a second -- less than half the time it takes to blink.It is also about the time for users to read just one word on the website.       In the study at the Carleton University in Ottawa, websites were flashed up on a screen for participants to view for 50 milliseconds, and then rated by the viewer.        Later when the pages were viewed again for longer periods of time, the viewers' opinion were the same.        The study was published in the March/April issue of the journal Behaviour & Information Technology.        \"It really is just a physiological  response.If the first impression is negative, you'll probably drive people off,\" said Dr.Gitte Lindgard, the leading researcher, \"So Web designers have to make sure they're not offending users visually.\"        However, the results did not show how to win a positive reaction from users.\"When we looked at the websites that we tested, there is really nothing there that tells us what leads to dislike or to like,\" Dr.Lindgard said.        Usually the appeal of a website is tied to color1, movement and interactivity .And while further research may offer more clues , personal taste would always be a limiting factor, according to Lindgard.        \"If the designs were  _ to a set of principles, wouldn't we find an awful lot of similar houses, gardens, cars?\" she said.\"We'd have no variety.\" \n Answer: the time to put the thumbs up or down.",
            "output": [
                "How long does it take have a blink of the eye?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-79f4cfb4098943458452a4e26be61218",
            "input": "Article: \"I've changed my mind.I wanted to have a telescope,but now I want my daddy back .\" Lucien Lawrence's letter to Father Christmas written after his schoolteacher father had been knifed to death outside his school gate ,must have touched every heart.Lucien went on to say that without his father he couldn't see the stars in the sky.When those whom we love depart from us , we cannot see the stars for a while . But Lucien , the stars are still there, and one day, when you are older and your tears have gone , you will see them again. And in a strange way, I expect that you will find your father is there too , in you mind and in your heart .I find that my parents , long dead now , still figure in many of my dreams and that I think of them perhaps more than I ever did when they were alive . I still live to please them and I'm still surprised by their reactions.I remember that when I became a professor, I was so proud,or rather so pleased with myself ,that I couldn't wait to cable my parents . The reply was a long time in coming , but when it did , all Mother said was\"I hope this means that now you will have more time for the children!\" I haven't forgotten .The values of my parents still live on . It makes me pause and think about how I will live on in the hearts and minds of my children and of those for whom I care .Would I have been as ready as Philip Lawrence have been to face the aggressors  , and to lay down my life for those in my care ? How many people would want me back for Christmas ? It's a serious thought , one to give me pause . I pray silently , something , in the dead of night , that ancient cry of a poet \" _ ), and my darling form the power of the dog .\"Yet I know that death comes to us all , and sometimes comes suddenly. We must therefore plan not to live forever , but live as if we will die tomorrow. We live on, I'm sure, in the lives of those we loved , and therefore we ought to have to care for what they will remember and what they will treasure . If more parents knew this in their hearts to be true , there might be fewer knives on our streets today . \n Answer: Worried",
            "output": [
                "What feeling did the author's mother express in her reply ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b5ee14e80b7c4cb8bfa94c30d1d74352",
            "input": "Article: Last weekend, my kids along with a few other kids from the neighborhood volunteered to help me wash my car. My 10-year-old daughter came up with the idea of washing other people's cars as well. It was pretty hot outside. She further wanted to give juice for a low cost but not free. I felt happy and decided to help her. She asked me, \"What if we make this 'a smile car wash', mommy? \"I couldn't hold back my tears and encouraged her and other kids to go inside the house and come up with ideas. While I kept myself busy in drying the car, the kids walked up to me with a board of beautiful signs of smiles. They had \"Free Car Wash\" written on it and the theme of their exercise was \"Smile\". It was pretty natural to see a team of kids 5 to 11 years with the task to do something for others. All that seemed natural and came right from their heart. Nothing seemed to matter to them: their playtime, and then heat outside--they just wanted to help and do something nice in the community! I helped them make some fresh juice and brought out some waste materials to help clean cars. Passers-by were amazed and one even shouted at them saying \"Good kids\". One of them even tried giving them 5 dollars, which they refused. A pretty heart-warming scene! The following weekend, I saw the idea of the week, the theme of which was \"Global Kindness\". I was moved by such wonderful and loving souls. They made me smile! One of the slogans   on their flag was: \"Do not fear! Smile retrievers  are here.\" \n Answer: One of the writer's neighbors' kids.",
            "output": [
                "Who raised the idea of washing other people's cars for free?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-be540cd740ee466482b2ac82cdf194c5",
            "input": "Article: I got a guitar for my birthday, and since then I have been struggling. It's kind of sad. To be honest, it is surprising how many problems are caused by such little things in the life of a teenage . It has awakened another side of myself within me. And it couldn't have happened at a worse time. I'm a senior. I'm going to graduate soon and I know what college I'm going to. And now I have to deal with the little voice in my head constantly reminding me that I'm going to be a rock star., not a scientist. So you can see my problem. A few weeks ago I was given the seemingly simple task of writing a short story. No specifics, no strict rules on organization. Just write. So I sat down to create a beautiful work of fiction that would surprise my teacher and classmates. To be honest, this is an area I generally feel very strong in. Writing , that is. I really enjoy it and such writing tasks used to take the least amount of time. So I was trying to write my story, and across the room lies my beautiful birthday present.  \"Once upon a time,\" I wrote. Then I stopped, turned in my chair, and stared for a moment at the instrument. And then my reflection started dancing and singing. I wasn't moving, but it sure was.. So I grabbed my guitar and plucked a string  . The note sang out pure and heavenly, and there was no stopping what was coming. I sat rocking with my guitar until late into the night. I was sure I was preparing for the future much more efficiently now that I wasn't spending time writing stories. Needless to say, no story was written, and many doubts arose in my mind. Since then, I have constantly asked, \"Am I normal for not wanting to do my work anymore?\" More importantly, though, I learned I am really going to be a rock star. \n Answer: Birthday present offers new direction in life",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b729d29b67614341913c8bbfcf6ff75f",
            "input": "Article: If you are hungry, what will you do? Grab a piece of your favorite meal and stay quiet after that? Just like stomach, even your mind will be hungry. But it never lets you know, because you keep it busy thinking about your dream lover, favorite star and many such absurd things. So it silently begins to hide your needs and never lets itself grow. When mind loses its freedom to grow, creativity gets its full stop. This might be the reason why we all sometimes think \"What happens next?\", \"Why can't I think?\", \"Why am I always given the difficult problems?\" Well, this is the after-effect of using our brain for thinking of not-so-worthy things. Hunger of the mind can be actually satisfied through extensive reading. But why is it reading but not watching TV? Because reading has been the most educational tool used by us right from the childhood. Just like that to develop other aspects of our life, we have to turn to reading for help. You have a number of books in the world which will answer all your \"how-to\" questions. Once you read a book, you just don't run your eyes through the lines, but your mind decodes   it and explains it to you. The interesting part of the book is stored in your mind as a seed. Now this seed is unknowingly used by you in your future to develop new ideas. The same seed, if used many times, can help you link and relate a lot of things, which you would never thought of in your wildest dreams! This is nothing but creativity. The more books you read, the wider your mind will become. Also this improves your oratorical (speech-making) skills to a large extent and also makes a significant contribution to your vocabulary. When you start speaking English or any other language fluently with your friends or other people, you never seem to run out of the right words at the right time. Actually, I had a problem in speaking English fluently, but as I read, I could improve significantly. So guys, do join me and give food for your thoughts by reading, reading and more reading. Now what are you waiting for? Go, grab a book and let me know! \n Answer: Reading or Watching TV",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18869ff2051c4295b4754078d881d3c3",
            "input": "Article: Strawberry   fields dotted with hunched-over workers picking and packaging, then pushing the delicate red fruit to waiting trucks -- it is a typical winter scene embedded in the patchwork of homes and farms that make up eastern Hillsborough County. That scene is changing, though, as the labor pool shrinks and technology comes knocking. Wish Farms owner Gary Wishnatzki and his engineer partner Bob Pitzer are banking on technology. As strawberry season wrapped up in February, their driverless strawberry-picking machine drove into the fields for some test runs. The results were impressive and enlightening , Wishnatzki said. For some three years now, farmers have been forced to abandon millions of dollars worth of strawberries in fields, mostly in Hillsborough and Manatee counties, because they lacked laborers, industry experts say. The problem has been just as serious in California, Arizona and other farm communities. The reasons for the shrinking worker pool are numerous. Migrant workers who have picked the fields for years are aging. Young adults in migrant families already in the United States are getting better educations and have more choices these days, including the construction industry, which again is on the upswing. Stricter security is allowing fewer undocumented workers to cross the border from Mexico. And Mexicans are having much smaller families now  -- just over two children per family, compared with 7.3 per family in 1960, according to a Pew Hispanic Center report released in 2012. And since Mexico's economy bounced back faster than that of the U.S., more Mexicans have been able to find work closer to home, according to the study. \"We came up with a concept we perceive as a necessity,\" Wishnatzki said. \"The labor pool has been shrinking for over 10 years now. It has been pretty harmful.\" So in 2012, he and Pitzer formed their partnership, Harvest CROO Robotics, to develop a mechanical picker. The Harvest CROO design has multiple picking heads that will move across a field, picking 25 acres over a three-day period, the typical time for picking fruit as it ripens. It has a \"vision system\" to distinguish between red and green strawberries and is able to get under the leaves to find and pick the ripe berries. Picking strawberries is nothing like using a combine on a corn field, coming through and thrashing down the plants. Strawberries are delicate and ripen in various intervals, which Harvest CROO is taking into account in developing its machine. A strawberry-picking machine will never completely replace the need for human labor in the fields, Wishnatzki said, but if the machines can supplement labor enough to keep the industry profitable, he and Pitzer will have met their goal. \n Answer: Workers pick and package strawberries.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following describes the typical winter scene of eastern Hillsborough County?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d3fea4c657d047f192af88c01f04bd27",
            "input": "Article: US actress Natalie Portman,33, has always been praised for her smarts. At 18, she went to Harvard University following the release  of her film Star Wars: Episode I in 1999. Four years later, she graduated with a bachelor's degree in psychology. Then she took graduate courses at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. She speaks six languages and has twice been published in scientific journals. You may think she has achieved all of these things easily thanks to her fame as actress, but only Portman herself knows what she has been through.  In late May, the Oscar winner revealed that her time at Harvard had some \"dark moments\" when she gave a speech to graduating Harvard students. \"I felt like ... that I wasn't smart enough to be in this company, and that every time I opened my mouth I would have to prove that I wasn't just a dumb actress,\" she said. It was that fear that helped her carve out her own path, Portman admitted  \"My belief that I could handle these things (her own limitations) ... was half the battle. The other half was very hard work,\" she said. \"Sometimes, your insecurities  and your inexperience may lead you to take on other people's expectations, standards, or values,\" she added. \n Answer: She experienced a hard time.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred about Portman in Harvard from her speech?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9865af8b934042728034b0eeab55b51a",
            "input": "Article: \"When I grow up, I want to be...\" Almost all of us have thought about, or been asked to think about, our future careers. Our answers may differ greatly. Even now your aspirations may have changed from when you were in primary school. However, it seems career options aren't only based on personal taste. In a survey carried out by Teens, doctors, lawyers, and bankers were some of most popular careers that people said they hoped to follow. This is in line with a similar survey carried out in the UK in May 2011 by job website monster. Co.uk, in which medicine was the top choice among UK teenagers aged between 13 and 17. Medicine and law are two of the oldest and best known professions. Their prestige   may come from the fact that doctors and lawyers are some of the most esteemed members of society, and they make good money. Joining these high-profile professions is often seen as a sign of upward social mobility. It is equally unsurprising that banking is now one of the most common career choices. Youngsters worldwide think of banking and see the money rolling in. Wealth is increasingly becoming one of the most important indicators of a successful career. British young men list the UK tycoon Alan Sugar, Microsoft founder Bill Gates and Facebook chief Mark Zuckerberg as their top role models \"for their wealth\". Just as Chinese teenagers see being a banker as a good and fun pathway to \"wealth\". However, not every child has the makings of doctor, lawyer, or banker. They are those who see fulfillment and happiness in other areas, and many teenagers dare to ink more individuality into their career options. As the Teens' survey discovered, a variety of unconventional jobs---coffee shop owner, gourmet ,waiter at a fast food restaurant---are among teenagers' career choices. They can be equally interesting and rewarding jobs. With every choice comes responsibility and challenge, and all career paths require specific education and training, you have to learn to balance optimism and confidence with being realistic about your particular talents and skills. \n Answer: Careers in teenagers' mind.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-46850fab4a6c4f358d72c528db42ca26",
            "input": "Article: Fred Michel is one of 7.2 million Americans who moonlight.  Once a week, after his day job as medical director of a mental health center, the 40-year-old psychiatrist  heads to a part-time job at a treatment center for young people. Twice a month, he travels three hours to another teenage treatment center.   Last year, 5.4 percent of the American workforce held second jobs, according to the US Labor Department, and that looks set  to increase this year.   Many workers like the safety that moonlighting provides, says Carl Hausamn, the writer of \"Moonlighting: 148 Great Ways to Make Money to the Side\".  The information from the US Labor Department shows that 40 percent of US moonlighters in 1997 took a second job to meet household  expenses or pay off debts. Others save money or buy some special things.  People also take second jobs with an eye to the future--wanting to try out a new field or gain experience.  Michel started moonlighting when medical systems were unstable . He wanted to make sure he wasn't tied to one system that ended up failing.  Just as the purposes for moonlighting are different, the moonlighters cross all age and racial groups. And they work in a variety of industries---no longer just service,office and sales jobs.  As its name means, moonlighting still occurs mostly at night. And that results in some pressures. Chief among them is time. Full-time employers could misunderstand, too. Some companies do not allow after-hour work because they fear it will affect their employees' 9-to-5 performance. \"The primary employer is saying, 'Wait, I'm paying you for the sharp, fresh, energetic you,'\" says Tom Gimbel, president and founder of LaSalle Staffing in Chicago. \"If you're burning yourself at both ends, it's going to show.\" Still, the good done to the moonlighters can be great. Besides extra income, moonlighters enjoy variety , freedom and chance to do something new. They also may find their part-time jobs strengthen what they do full time.  Besides, \"it's fun,\" Michel says. Not only do his part-time jobs offer a chance to network, stretch his professional skills and make more money, but they also give him the variety he wouldn't find just in a full-time job. \" _  ,\" he says, \"and offering a little variety throughout the day.\" \n Answer: Take some part-time jobs at night.",
            "output": [
                "What is the closest definition  of \"moonlight\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-444ac32952d240bb9e506b31ad3b1969",
            "input": "Article: Let us show you Scotland's unique and beautiful landscape. Leave Edinburgh behind, and escape into another world. Our highly trained local guides are passionate about Scotland, enabling them to offer you an unforgettable insight into the real Scotland. Choose from our range of great value Scottish Highland Tours to Loch Ness, Loch Lomond, Stirling Castle, Isle of Skye, Whisky Tasting, Highland Games and the unforgettable Edinburgh Tattoo.EUR Fantastic day and extended SMALL GROUP tours from Edinburgh. Book & Go Guarantee. We NEVER cancel, no minimum numbers requires.[:] Passionate expert local SCOTTISH guides. Mini Groups -- Save 10% when 4 or more adults book on the same tour. Multi-Tour Offer -- Save 10% to book 2 or more day tours! Environmental Charity Offering Scheme (ECO Scheme) We are committed to sustainable tourism and to preserving Scotland's natural wildlife, environment and unique cultures for future generations to enjoy. You can make an optional donation to leading Scottish environmental charities The John Muir Trust and Trees For Life. EVERY pound you donate will be matched by Highland Explorer Tours. \n Answer: Three adults book at least two day tours.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best way to save money?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-45d785c01c934355bf5c2077d7735e04",
            "input": "Article: Most of us are the only child in our family. We have no brothers or sisters. Our family mainly _ our mom,our dad and us. We are growing up in a world differently from our parents'. And we will be the future leaders of China. Some day we have to work hand in hand with each other and make China more and more beautiful. So we must learn to love each other like brothers and sisters. It's hard to think how difficult life would be if we had a sibling(,).We never have to share anything at home. Of course, we might have cousins, but we don't have to live with them! Our parents try to give us the best, and the best doesn't need sharing between two or three children. Do we ever ask ourselves if we are   spoiled? A recent study has found that many children don't know how to love others! We don'r know the value of money. We don't know how hard our parents are to support us. We don't want others to regard us as spoiled, do we? Well, why not start now to help our parents at home, share a game with one of our friends or value the opinions of our classmates, even if we don't always agree? In a word, we must learn to love each other! \n Answer: To make China more and more beautiful",
            "output": [
                "As Chinese teenagers, what's our duty in the future?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e3d20a1de524e1e88959e3a0393bdbb",
            "input": "Article: Most painters discover a style of painting that suits them and stick to that, especially if people admire their pictures. But Picasso, the great Spanish painter, was like a man who had not yet found his own particular style of painting.   He kept on struggling to find the perfect expression till his death in 1973.     Some of Picasso's paintings are rich, soft color1ed and beautiful. Others are ugly and cruel and strange. But such paintings allow us to imagine things for ourselves. They force us to say to ourselves, \"What does he see that makes him paint like that?\" And we begin to look beneath the surface of the things we see.     Picasso painted thousands of pictures in different styles. Sometimes he painted the natural look of things. Sometimes he seemed to break them apart and throw the pieces in our faces. He showed us what the mind knows as well as what the eye sees. At the age of 90 he remained as curious about the world as he had been when he was young.     That's why people have called him \"the youngest painter in the world.. \n Answer: Famous paintings of Picasso.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e39045b5f3d4d1e85acd6107d9093ce",
            "input": "Article: In 2012, the Tower of London welcomed two new inhabitants: a pair of ravens  named Jubilee and Grip. Their arrival celebrated the bicentenary  of Charles Dickens's birth. This Grip was the third of the Tower ravens to be named after the novelist's own pet birD. One of his predecessors  was resident during World War Two; he and his mate Mabel were the only ravens to survive a bombing attack on the Tower. Dickens's Grip, who had an impressive vocabulary, appears as a character in the author's fifth novel, Barnaby Rudge. On 28 January 1841, Dickens wrote to his friend George Cattermole: \"my notion is to have [Barnaby] always in company with a pet raven, who is immeasurably more knowing than himself. To this end I have been studying my bird, and think I could make a very distinctive character of him.\" Unfortunately, just a few weeks after Dickens wrote that letter, Grip died, probably as a result of having stolen and eaten paint some months earlier. The bird had developed a strange habit - tearing sections off painted surfaces (including the family's carriage) and even drinking a quantity of white paint out of a tin. Dickens mourned his loss and wrote a humorous letter to his friend, the illustrator Daniel Maclise, about the raven's death. He related how, when Grip began to show signs of sickness, the vet was called and \"administered a powerful dose of castor  oil\". Initially this seemed to have a positive effect and the author was thrilled to see Grip restored to his usual personality when he bit the coachman (who was used to the raven and took it in good humor). The following morning, Grip was able to eat \"some warm porridge\", but his recovery was short liveD. As Dickens wrote to Maclise, \"On the clock striking twelve he appeared slightly upset, but soon recovered, walking twice or thrice along the coach-house, stopped to bark, exclaimed 'Hello old girl' (his favorite expression) and dieD. He behaved throughout with a decent manner, which cannot be too much admireD. .. The children seem rather glad of it. He bit their ankles. But that was play.\" \n Answer: he and Mabel survived a bombing attack.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is right about Dickens's pet Grip?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-66ff7d68f2c841daa763d0a8b1923177",
            "input": "Article: We have information about over 300 volunteering opportunities with more than 250 local organizations (charities, statutory organizations such as hospitals and social services and community groups). We are a registered charity and our service is free of charge. We do not run volunteering projects ourselves bur recruit   volunteers for a whole range of organizations across Cambridge and South Cambs. Volunteering Links National Council for voluntary Organizations  A center to champion and strengthen the voluntary sector in the UK with advice, support and public policy. Cambridge Council for voluntary Service  An independent registered charity to help community and voluntary groups in Cambridge, South Cambridgeshire and Fenland. Volunteering Wales  Voluntering and volunteer Centers in Wales. Volunteer Development Scotland Volunteering and Volunteer Centres in Scotland. Community Service Volunteers  Volunteer placements in the UK. Student Hubs  A branch of Student Hubs, a youth-led charity working across the UK to transform student involvement in charitable activities. Timebank  A national campaign inspiring and connecting people to share and give time.  Registration Information If you spot an opportunity that you like, you can go through a simple online registration process and then we will send you the details. Alternatively you can down load a VOLUNTEER REGISTRATION FORM (please save it to your own computer before editing) and email the completed form to us at info@carn-volunteer.org.uk. If you need a bit more help, then we can offer you a confidential one-to-one chat with a member of staff to discuss what you would like to do. But you must make an appointment beforehand. You don't have to visit the Volunteer Centre in person to get help. We can also provide information by e-mail, post or over the telephone. \n Answer: Organizations like Student Hubs belong to the center.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not true about the center?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bfa94c7eae9f47c9a99f3a5249a4a728",
            "input": "Article: \"Take your time,\" Mr. Ballou encouraged.\"Read, borrow, and keep.Find something you like.What do you read?\" \"Pick for me, then.\" I said. He looked up and down at me as though measuring me for a suit.After a moment, he nodded, and handed me a dark red book, fairly thick. \"The Last of the Just,\" I read.\"By Andre Schwarz-Bart.What's it about?\" \"You tell me,\" he said.\"Next week.\" I started after supper, sitting outdoors on an uncomfortable kitchen chair Within a few pages, the yard, the summer, disappeared.Translated from French, the language was beautiful, simple, impossible to resist.When the evening light finally failed I moved inside, read all through the night. To this day, thirty years later, I clearly remember the experience.It was my first meeting with world literature, and I was amazed by the strong power a novel contain.I lacked the vocabulary, however, to translate my feelings into words, so the next week, when Mr. Ballou asked,\"Well?\"I only replied, \"It was good.\" \"Keep it, then,\"he said.\"Shall I suggest another?\"      I nodded, and was presented with Margaret Mead's Coming of Age in Samoa.      To make the story short, Mr. Ballou never paid me a cent for helping cut his grass that year or the next, but for fifteen years I taught anthroplogy at Dartmouth College.That summer when I started to read became a turning point in my life which change the course of all that followed. \n Answer: He was not an enthusiastic reader",
            "output": [
                "What was the writer's attitude towards reading before he met Mr. Ballou?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7a62f2e325584496b64fcf29622d7a8e",
            "input": "Article: A Bite of China, made by CCTV's Documentary Channel, sparked discussion not only on Chinese food, but also on locally made documentary programs. When you think of documentaries, you may think of them as long, boring programs. But documentaries can be wonderful and bring stories from the real world into our homes. With fascinating footage and stories, documentaries encourage us to think about interesting issues we wouldn't necessarily know about. So, what makes a good documentary, and what should we pay attention to when we watch one? Here, we offer a few easy strategies to help you get the most out of watching documentaries. Pay attention to the themes While watching a documentary, keep your eyes and ears peeled for the themes people talk about and what ideas they focus on. Is it meant to be informative or raise a certain emotional response? Think critically Listen to what the people in the documentary are saying and ask yourself the following questions: If you were debating with someone or introducing a new concept, would you say the things the people in the documentary are saying? Do the arguments make sense? Check the sources If you're sitting at the computer and can't think of anything to do, why not look up the points the documentary made and see if they are accurate? You could even read more about what is presented in the documentary. Who are the creators? The creators or financial backers of a film will usually be involved with how the subject matter is presented. For instance, as the documentary 2016: Obama's America was directed in large part by a conservative writer, it's not surprising that it's critical of President Obama from the beginning. \n Answer: non-fictional",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the most proper to describe documentaries?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-edce65f5614e4ce3b2d2ad1f9445a21a",
            "input": "Article: I had an experience once which taught me something about the ways people made a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I officiated  at two funerals for two elderly women. Both died a natural death. At the first home, the son of the deceased  woman said, \"If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It's my fault that she died.\" At the second home, the son said, \"If only I had not insisted her going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride was more than she could take. It is my fault.\" When things don't turn out as we would like them to, we tend to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out bad, they believe that the opposite course, for example, keeping mother at home, would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse? There seem to be elements involved in our readiness to feel guilty. The first lies in our belief that the world makes sense----there is a reason for everything that happens. The second is the thought that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and calls the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely abandon that childish thought that our wishes cause things to happen. \n Answer: They both died of old age.",
            "output": [
                "What is true about the two deceased elderly women?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-44433b2b0a874a8c99f33bc128098fe1",
            "input": "Article: The world's population is more mobile  today than ever before. In 2010, more than 200 million people left their home countries to live in a new country. This is about 3 percent of the total world population. Some experts believe that number will swell to 400 million by 2050. Rates of immigration have remained strong for the last 300 years, but patterns of immigration have changed since World War II. The backgrounds and experiences of today's immigrants are different from those of the typical European immigrant of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Contemporary immigrants range from unskilled laborers to highly skilled professionals, and they come from and go to countries all over the world. In the nineteenth century and until World War II, immigration was primarily in one direction- from the Old World to the New World. This is no longer the case. Countries such as Russia and China, which have long been, and continue to be, significant source countries, are now also destination countries. There is also considerable mobility inside regions, such as from one European country to another, or among the countries of the former Soviet Union. In spite of such differences, the push and pull factors for immigration remain essentially the same as they were 100 years ago. Most people move to another country because they want a better life. For the majority of immigrants, this means better economic conditions. As in past generations, a labor shortage in one country often draws workers from another country, especially if wages are significantly higher. In some small countries, for example, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, and Kuwait, there are more jobs than citizens. The demand for labor is so high that the majority of the population consists of foreign-born workers, ranging from highly skilled engineers and financial experts to domestic and construction workers. In traditional destination countries, such as the United States, however, labor needs have changed. Today, although there is still demand for unskilled labor, there is increasing demand for people with a high level of skill and education. The need for less skilled labor has shifted to other countries. As work on farms and in industry in the United States and Canada once drew workers from all over the world, now work in factories in Taiwan and south Korea attracts workers from Vietnam, the Philippines, and Cambodia. Most global immigration is legal: however, a large number of people also move across national borders illegally in pursuit of employment. Experts estimate that about 15 to 20 percent of immigrants worldwide are in their new countries illegally. The United States has the largest number of these immigrants, followed by South Africa, with significant numbers also in Northern and Western Europe and Mexico. These immigrants face particular challenges because they often must hide from the authorities who might deport them back to their home countries. Their illegal status also means that employers may take advantage of them by forcing them to work longer hours and paying them less than the legal minimum wage. Although economics remains the most important motivation in all forms of immigrant, other factors are also important. Some people decide to leave their home countries because their actions or political beliefs make it dangerous for them to remain. Others choose to leave because their home country has become too dangerous and unstable, often because of war or political unrest. They wish to find a place that is secure for themselves and their families. Education is also a significant factor for many modern immigrants. They want to raise their children in a place where they can get a good education, which, in turn, they hope will provide them with better prospects for the future. Finally, family and community ties also play a role in immigration decisions. As in the past, once a group of people from one country establishes a community in a new country, more people from that country is likely to follow. The pattern, direction, and rate of immigration may change as the global economy changes. However, as long as life in a new country is more attractive than life in the old country, immigration will continue. \n Answer: Many people leave these countries while many people also immigrate to them.",
            "output": [
                "According to the reading, what are the patterns of immigration in China and Russia today?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6df1b5ae56d144159f42bee8f5341e6b",
            "input": "Article: People like to look in the mirror often when they have a young and beautiful face. However, when one grows old, nobody wants to see their wrinkled old face in the mirror any more. So, many old people seldom look at their faces in the mirror. This is completely wrong. According to Wu Zhenyun, a professor from the Psychological Research Institute under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a person's willingness to look in the mirror can reflect his or her mentality. When people don't care too much about their age, they will try to carry themselves with ease and natural poise  . They don't mind looking in the mirror to see their own faces. Some people even love to look in the mirror from time to time to see whether they keep a good appearance. In this way, mirror becomes their best friend that help them to look confident. On the other hand, some people are afraid of being old. They don't want to see the wrinkles on their face and their hair turning grey. So they don't want to look in the mirror. This actually reflects a negative attitude they hold towards life. In the long term, they might suffer from psychological pressure or some sort of depression, which is actually not a wise act. \" Everyone can make themselves look charming at every age stage. If one is confident, one will always look beautiful, it shows that they accept themselves.\" professor Wu said. Mirror cannot only give confidence to one. By looking in the mirror, one can even find the traces of some diseases from one's own face. \n Answer: Because it brings much confidence to them.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the mirror become the best friend for some people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2ea3d5643a4f48608f0581b47008075a",
            "input": "Article: Having a tattoo  can reduce your chance of getting a job, but it depends on where the tattoo is, what it expresses and if the job involves dealing with customers, new research says. Dr Andrew R Timming told the British Sociological Association conference on work, employment and society in Warwick today that employers were likely to view tattoos negatively. Dr Timming of the school of Management at the University of St Andrews said he had spoken to 15 managers involved in hiring staff about their reaction to interview candidates with visible tattoos. \"Most respondents agreed that visible tattoos are a stigma,\" Dr Timming told the conference. One woman manager told him that \"they make a person look dirty.\" Another male manager told him \"subconsciously that would stop me from employing them.\" The managers were concerned about what their organisations' customers might think, said Dr Timming. \"Hiring managers realise that, ultimately, it does not matter what they think of tattoos -- what really matters, instead, is how customers might think of employees with visible tattoos. Dr Timming said: \"The one qualification to this argument is there are certain industries in which tattoos may be a desirable characteristic in a job interview. For example, an HR manager at a prison noted that tattoos on guards can be 'something to talk about' and 'an in' that you need to make a connection with the prisoners.\" The negative attitude to tattoos did not extend to ones that could be easily covered by clothing. Dr Timming also found that in some of the organisations it was only certain types of tattoos that diminished the chances of getting a job at interview. One male manager told him: \"If it's gang culture-related you may have a different view about the tattoo than if it's just because it's a nice drawing of an animal that they've done on their arm.\" \n Answer: Tattoos can turn customers away.",
            "output": [
                "Why do managers really refuse to hire a person with tattoos?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d7775a9d2f454c7f819c95a4ec2e73a3",
            "input": "Article: We all know that good study habits are essential to success. We probably can reduce the academic dishonesty by promoting good study habits among students. Letting the students know how important good study habits are when they come to school. Still, even procrastination  can be overcome by proper study habits, and improving study habits is the key to better studying. Good study habits are a great tool to have in the toolbox of life. Many of the tips for success for online students are the same as those for students in a classroom. Consider asking the school's student union to take on a study tips project. Following a few simple study tips can help students effectively learn new concepts and theories. A good way to stay organized is to use folders   so that your child can keep his / her assignments. Once children reach the grades where homework and tests are part of the curriculum, there are many things parents can do to encourage good study habits. An effective way is to study  before and while they do their homework. Being organized and having homework routines are the most important things in helping your child develop good habits for life. Learning, however, is a process which settles into certain steps. Students with learning problems, however, may still have generally inefficient and ineffective study habits and skills. Becoming aware of your child's learning style will help you understand why they sometimes get frustrated with common study methods. Effective study habits are a very important part of the learning process. Good study habits are all about keeping to a daily routine and giving all subjects equal treatment. If your child's study habits are weak, take a \"study skills\" course or have someone show him/her good study habits. The problem is that those high-school study habits are hard to shake. Hard work and good study habits are two characters to be nurtured  . Motivation and study habits are obviously very important as well. \n Answer: Work out a few simple study tips for them to follow.",
            "output": [
                "What can the school's student union do for students?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e66796af83c34be69a68e4bb7d53b10d",
            "input": "Article: Whether you're up for a Crocodile Dundee's adventure or you'd just like a taste of the Australian sun, the beaches in and around Sydney can offer you all that and more. Sydney Beach Sydney Beach is located at Sydney's northernmost tip on an extension  of land ending at Palm Beach. Before checking out the golden sand, take a quick tour of the houses of millionaires from the art and film industries. Palm Beach Only about an hour from downtown Sydney, Palm Beach offers a long stretch  of clean sand and water. With parking near the center of the beach, that leaves the rest of it as a peaceful location with a _ population, from which you can go surfing but take care -- without the huge crowds of other Sydney's beaches, Palm Beach doesn't afford quite the safety level to be found elsewhere. Volunteer lifesavers are on duty only on weekends and holidays. Bondi Beach For the famous beach, Bondi Beach has to be your choice. Parking is difficult to find even on slow days, so consider taking public transport to this world--known beach in the eastern Sydney suburbs. Easily reachable by taxi, bus, and rail, Bondi Beach offers sun bathing, swimming, snorkeling, and all sorts of water sports fun. If you're in the mood for a bit of exercise, two scenic coastal walks will afford you great views and sights along the shore. Take in views from Mackenzie's Point. It starts at Bondi and heads south to Bronte Beach. But don't try to swim in Mackenzie's Bay -- it holds dangers such as hidden rocks. Bronte Beach Your second choice for a scenic coastal walk covers a few miles and takes you from Bronte Beach to Waverly Cemetery, where many famous Australians are buried, including the poet Henry Lawson. \n Answer: Bronte Beach--Bondi Beach--Palm Beach--Sydney Beach",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following shows the right order of the beaches lined from the south to the north?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ce15b724bc3d4452bca28678fc804d4f",
            "input": "Article: These days, it seems that almost all of us are too serious.My older daughter often says to me, \"Daddy, you've got that serious look again.\" Even those of us who are committed to non-seriousness are probably too serious.People are frustrated and anxious about almost everything -- being five minutes late, witnessing someone look at us wrong or say the wrong thing, paying bills, waiting in line, overcooking a meal, making an honest mistake -- you name it, and we all lose perspective  over it. The root of being anxious is our unwillingness to accept life as being different, in any way, from our expectation.Very simply, we want things to be a certain way but they're not a certain way.Life is simply as it is.Perhaps Benjamin Franklin said it best: \"Our limited perspective, our hopes and fears become our measure of life, and when circumstances don't fit our ideas, they become our difficulties.\" We spend our lives wanting things, people, and events to be just as we want them to be -- and when they're not, we fight and we suffer. The first step in recovering from over-seriousness is to admit that you have a problem.You have to want to change, to become more easygoing.You have to see that your own anxiety is largely of your own creation -- it's made up of the way you have set up your life and the way you react to it. The next step is to understand the link between your expectations and your frustration level.Whenever you expect something to be a certain way and it isn't, you're upset and you suffer.On the other hand, when you let go of your expectations, when you accept life as it is, you're free. A good exercise is to try to approach a single day without expectation.Don't expect people to be friendly.When they're not, you won't be surprised or bothered; if they are, you'll be delighted.Don't expect your day to be problem-free.Instead, as problems come up, say to yourself,  \"Ah, another barrier to overcome.\" As you approach your day in this manner you'll notice how elegant life can be.Rather than fighting against life, you'll be dancing with it.Pretty soon, with practice, you'll lighten up your entire life.And when you lighten up, life is a lot more fun. \n Answer: Because people have lost sensible judgment.",
            "output": [
                "Why are people easily frustrated and anxious these days?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19774ceff96d4799bf356c6e17f95019",
            "input": "Article: Google, the Internet search and mapping company, has developed a car that can steer without a driver. Sometimes the reality is stranger than science fiction: Google is road-testing cars that steer, stop and start without a human driver. The goal is to \"help prevent traffic accidents, free up people's time and reduce carbon emissions.\" says Sebastian Thrun, who is the project leader for the driverless car, or Carbot. By developing the car and the software that drives it, Google wants to change how people get from place to p1ace. Eric Schmidt, one of the company's top officials, said, \"Your car should drive itself. It just makes sense.\" So far, the driverless autos have gone about 140,000 miles on California roads without people taking over the driving. Many of the roads are very busy or full of curves that challenge human drivers. The autos' software makes it possible to know speed limits, traffic patterns and road maps. The vehicles use radar, lasers and video cameras to find other cars and avoid people crossing streets. There has only been one accident during the testing. And in that case, the Carbot was hit from behind by a human driver when Goog1e's car was stopped at a red light. Engineers say the driverless cars are safer than autos with people behind the wheel because the computers react much more quickly than humans. The Carbot is still in very early testing stages. Experts agree that it will be years before you will be able to buy one. But it is likely that one day you will be sitting in the driver's seat of a driverless car. When the auto was first invented it was called a \"horseless carriage\". Now it seems that it is time for the \"driverless carriage\" to be part of our 1ives. \n Answer: Google has developed a driverless car.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6dde7ab6f85f474bbc5cc05abf14f672",
            "input": "Article: Two magazines recently listed the best cities to live in. Here are two of the cities listed as \"the world's best.\" SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA  The city has comfortable weather all year round (15degC to 26degC ). Housing is not very expensive in San Jose. Also, many of the city's older neighborhoods are very beautiful and have small hotels and cafes . Beautiful mountains are around the city. You can visit them easily from San Jose. So lots of people go sightseeing there every year. But air pollution is a problem in the city center. HONG KONG, CHINA This lively city--once a small fishing village--is today an international business center. It is an interesting mixof East and West, old and new. Modern tall buildings are next to small temples  . Popular nightclubs are close to traditional teahouses. Busy people fill the streets at all hours of the day. But outside the city, there are parks for walking or relaxing. Hong Kong is famous for its wonderful native dishes. There's also food from Europe, North America, and other parts of Asia. However, this small city has a large population. Nearly 7 million people live in Hong Kong! That's why housing is often very expensive. Traffic and air pollution are also a problem. \n Answer: The traffic.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not mentioned about San Jose?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-edfe03771119495f8bd7c8df589a746a",
            "input": "Article: The past week was possibly the most eventful in the history of customer technology markets,or to be precise, the 7-inch (17.8-cm) tablet  market. Never before have three of thebiggest players in the industry scheduled what could be truly historic productlaunches  so close together. Despite its name, the 7.9-inch iPad Mini is one of the largest among the mini-tablets. It's gotall the aesthetics of its earlier 9.7-inch iPad and is unbelievably thin-just 7.2 mm, 23 percentthinner than the iPad. Apple's iPad Mini Release date: Nov 2,2012 (Wi-Fi version) Operating system: iOS 6 Size: 19.9 x 13.5 x 0.7 cm Prices: $329 (16GB Wi-Fi), $429 (32GB Wi-Fi), $519 (64GB Wi-Fi), or $459 (16GB Data) $559 (32GB Data), $659 (64GB Data) Google may have been forced to cancel its Android event in New York City on Oct 29 due to the threat of hurricane Sandy, but that isn't stopping it from making same big announcements. For starters, Google has confirmed  that the Nexus 10 will be running Android 4.2 out of the box, so get excited. It will also come equipped with a 10-inch display running at an impressive 2560x1600 resolution. On the inside, it'll have a A15 dual-core  processor running alongside 2GB of RAM ,so expect the Nexus 10 to be a speedy little tablet. Google's Nexus 10 Release date: Nov 13,2012 Operating system: Android 4.2 Jelly Bean Size: 26.4 x 17.8x0.9 cm Prices: $399 (16GB), $449 (32GB) Microsoft's Surface is a bold product with some great touches. It doesn't feature a camera and focuses on Office software, which suggests Microsoft is focusing this product on an executive toy. There's no 3G connection (only Wi-Fi) so owners won't have to worry about an extra contract. The real delight, however, is Metro, the impressive navigation interface  .It is beautifully designed with brightly colored squares for navigation. Pre-orders for Surface in the US sold out over the weekend, so it would seem customers are excited. Microsoft's Surface Release date: Oct 26,2012 Operating system: Windows 8 RT Size: 27.5 x 17.2 x 0.9 cm Prices: $499 (32GB M-Fi) \n Answer: Size",
            "output": [
                "What is the 7.9-inch iPad Mini's major contribution to the customers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-871e54563455456a87c447fd6b51365c",
            "input": "Article: If you'renotmakingmistakes,you'renottryinghardenough. It's good to make mistakes. That's not a  _ , folks,and I have not lost my mind. It is good to make mistakes, and here's why. First of all, mistakes are a clear sign that you are trying new things. It's always good to try new things because when you are trying new things you are growing. If you never try anything new, how can you improve? How can you expand? How can you innovate? The simple answer is, \"You can't.\" Look around you. With very few exceptions, either everything you see in your physical world or every single detail of every single thing is the result of someone trying something new. Another good thing about mistakes is this: when you are making mistakes, you are learning. Consider this: Edison failed 10,000 times before he perfected the light bulb. When asked how he felt to fail that many times, he remarked that he hadn't failed 10,000 times, but rather had learned 10,000 things that didn't work. Finally, when you make a mistake you are that much closer to success. Why? Because when all is said and done, you will have tried some finite number of things before you succeeded. Every time you made a mistake you eliminated one of those things and are one step closer. But this all doesn't mean that you should forge ahead with disregard for the consequences of a mistake.  Quite the contrary, when you try something new you have to be willing to set some reasonable limits so that, in the event that it doesn't work out the way you want it to, you will be in a position to try again. We all have limited resources in the form of time and money, so don't blow them all on one approach to a problem. Realize that it probably won't be perfect the first time and allocate these resources appropriately so you can learn, modify, and try it again. Only by embracing and using your mistakes in this way can you make significant advances in your business and your career. There is an old axiom that goes, \"If you're not making mistakes, you're not trying hard enough.\" So go forth and make mistakes. And learn. And grow. And prosper. \n Answer: People can afford to make mistakes as long as they limit them.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following isn't suitable for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d1737149862140dfbad5cdd2e031cde4",
            "input": "Article: What's on TV?  6: 00   3 Let's Talk! Guest: Animal expert Jim Porter  5 Cartoons  9News  7:00   3 Cooking with Cathy  Tonight: Chicken with mushrooms  5 Movie \"A Laugh a Minute\"(1955)  James Rayburn  8 Spin for Dollars!  9 Farm Report  7:30   3 Double Trouble(comedy)  The twins disrupt the high school dance.   9 Wall Street Today: Stock Market Report  8:00   3 NBA Basketball. Teams to be announced  8 Movie \"At Day's End\" (1981)  Michael Collier, Juie Romer  Drama set in World War II  9 News Special  \"Saving Our Waterways: Pollution in the prefix = st1 /Mississippi\" \n Answer: Farm Report.",
            "output": [
                "If you were a housewife, which program would probably interest you most?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e6481e39485d47f9b98760586ef60ca5",
            "input": "Article: Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions. My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren't written until the final threat. I've been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master's degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a \"vo-tech\" student . They're called \"motorheads\" by the rest of the student body. When a secretary in my office first called him \"motorhead\", I was shocked. \"Hey, he's a good kid,\" I wanted to say. \"And smart, really.\" I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don't often make school honor rolls . But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don't have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. \"Hey, I can fix it,\" said Jody. I doubted it , but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose. My son ,with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts from a junkyard, non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbours and co-workers trust their car repair to him. Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him. These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes. I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don't need clones in footsteps or anywhere else. My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine. \n Answer: To reach the author's unachieved goals.",
            "output": [
                "What used to be the author's hope for his son?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0877e6192b414ad4b9afaabe6b20e318",
            "input": "Article: Welcome to the British Museum, the grandest and the most spectacular in the human history.The admission is free and we open every day from 10:00 to 15:30.You can explore 10 departments including: The Department of Africa, Oceania and America. The collection of the Department of Africa, Oceania and America includes around 350,000 objects.The scope of the collection is contemporary and historical.It includes most of Africa, the Pacific and Australia, as well as America.All of the collections were got during the 19 th and 20 th centuries and dates from this time. The Department of Asia. The Department of Asia covers the material and visual cultures of Asia--a vast geographical area of Japan, Korea, China, central Asia, Afghanistan, south Asia and south -east Asia.The collection dates from about 4000 BC to present day.It represents the cultures and ways of life of local people and other minority groups. The Department of Greek and Roman Empires. The Department of Greek and Roman Empires features antiquities  .It has one of the most comprehensive collections of antiquities from the Classical world, with over 100,000 objects.These mostly range in date from the beginning of the Greek Bronze Age (about 3200BC) to the time of the Roman emperor Constantine in the fourth century AD. \n Answer: To guide tourists around the British Museum.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-24ccbb7be4ea461d9d2ec11a25fb52af",
            "input": "Article: Local officials in Beijing promised to furtherprotect the city's cultural heritage  , in particular the narrow streets known as Hutong. Hutong are commonly found in the cities of North China, but they are at risk. Beijingis currently believed to have fewer than 1,000 Hutong, most of which are nearthe Forbidden City. Only 60 years ago, thenumber was 3,250. In the old districts of Dongcheng and Xicheng, which cover 62square kilometers, some people will be asked to move from Hutong houses toavoid further damage to the ancient architecture. \"On average more than 100,000 people visit the Forbidden City during the National Day holidays. Thevisits put pressure on the protection of cultural relics,\" said Huang Yan,director of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning, adding that Hutongshould be protected from human damage. The government focused on how the protection planswere carried out and how the management of cultural heritages worked. WangShaofeng, head of the Xicheng district government, said the area has 182cultural relics, many of which were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty(1271-1368). The district of Xicheng has 1.28 million residents in its 57square kilometers of land. \"The most efficient way is to decrease the localpopulation to reduce the possibility of causing harm to the heritage,\" Wangsaid. \"Each community has been required to report thestatus of its cultural heritage, especially Hutong, and any actions to damagethe heritage will be punished,\" Wang said. No one knows for sure how many Hutong will be leftin the coming 100 years. \n Answer: About 2000.",
            "output": [
                "How many hutong have disappeared in the pastsixty years in Beijing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b0ed70a075774addbc8e95e3b3286e6d",
            "input": "Article: C  Last year my summer holiday was spoiled by my bringing along a modern convenience that was too convenient for my own good: the iPad.Instead of looking at nature, I checked my e-mail.Instead of paddling a small boat, I followed my Twitter feed .Instead of reading great novels, I stuck to reading four newspapers each morning.I was behaving as if I were still in the office.My body was on vacation, but my head wasn't. So this year I made up my mind to try something different: withdrawal from the Internet.I knew it wouldn't be easy, since I'm bad at self-control.But I was determined.I started by giving the iPad to my wife. The cellphone signal at our house was worse than in the past, making my attempts at cheating an experience in frustration  .I was trapped, forced to go through with my plan.Largely breaking away from e-mail, Twitter and my favorite newspaper websites, I had few ways to connect to the world except for the radio--and how much radio can one listen to, really? I had to do what I had planned to do all along: read books. This experience has had a happy ending.With determination and the strong support of my wife, I won in my vacation struggle against the Internet, realizing finally that it was I, not the iPad, that was the problem.I knew I had won when we passed a Starbucks and my wife asked if I wanted to stop to use the Wi-Fi.\"I don't need it,\" I said. However, as we return to post-vacation life, a harder test begins: Can I continue when I'm back at work? There are times when the need to know what's being said right now is great.I have no intention of giving up my convenience completely.But I hope to resist the temptation to check my e-mail every five minutes, which leads to checking my Twitter feed and a website or two. I think a vacation is supposed to help you rest your brain to become more productive.Here I hope this one worked. \n Answer: He felt satisfied that he had stuck to his usual timetable.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the author's last summer vacation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4a434d5c5ca44281925e254439e8084a",
            "input": "Article: In the next few years, battery technology is going to grow rapidly. No more charging your smart phone every day... No more \"range anxiety\" for electric cars, as new lithium batteries  allow them to drive hundreds of miles on a single charge, just like a tank of gas. And a tiny Chinese company is to be the leader of it all. It already counts Motorola, Nokia, and Samsung as customers for its advanced batteries. But the real money is going to come when it starts selling electric cars. Right now, the stock is trading at an extreme discount, offering in-the-know investors a chance to get in and _ . You need to know all the details about this opportunity today -- and not a day later. To do that, and to gain access to all the information you'll need to invest confidently, simply sign up for the free e-Letter from Energy & Capital by entering your email address below... Once you do, we'll rush you our latest report, China's $2.00 Lithium Linchpin. After getting your report, you'll begin receiving the Energy & Capital e-Letter, delivered to your inbox daily. Become a member of Energy & Capital today. It is free and there is absolutely no obligation  , ever. NO-JUNK: By no means will we EVER rent, sell or give away your email address for any reason. Unsubscribing from Energy & Capital is quick, easy, and painless... with just a few clicks. View our Privacy Policy. \n Answer: The giving-away of privacy.",
            "output": [
                "What is the possible problem with online subscribing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5d0c751b2e8b42c3bede701985b90d82",
            "input": "Article: At the top of a three-story brick building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio. One of the girls was from Maine; the other from California. They had met in an Eighth Street restaurant, and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that the joint studio  resulted. That was in May.     In November, a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called \"pneumonia\", stalked  about the district, touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Johnsy was among his victims.   One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a bushy, gray eyebrow.     \"She has one chance in ten,\" he said. \"And that chance is for her to want to live. Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well. Has she anything on her mind?\"      \"She wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day,\" said Sue.  \"Paint? Bosh! Has she anything on her mind worth thinking about twice? A man, for instance?\" \"No, doctor; there is nothing of the kind.\"     \"Well,\" said the doctor. \"I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriage in her funeral procession , I subtract 50 per cent from the power of medicines.\" After the doctor had gone, Sue cried.   Johnsy lay, scarcely making a movement under the bedclothes, with her face toward the window. She was looking out and counting--counting backward.     \"Twelve,\" she said, and a little later \"eleven,\" and then \"ten,\" and \"nine,\" and then \"eight,' and \"seven,\" almost together.     Sue looked out of the window. What was there to count? There was only a bare, depressing yard to be seen, and an old, old ivy vine climbed half way up the brick wall of the brick house. The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare.     \"Six,\" said Johnsy, in almost a whisper. \"They're falling faster now. Three days ago there were almost a hundred. It made my head ache to count them. But now it's easy. There goes another one. There are only five left now.\"     \"Five what, dear?\"     \"Leaves, on the ivy vine . When the last one falls I must go, too. I've known that for three days. Didn't the doctor tell you?\"     \"Oh, I've never heard of such nonsense. Don't be so silly. Why, the doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well soon were ten to one! Try to take some soup now, and let Sue go and buy pork chops  for her sick child.\" \n Answer: The doctor believed that medicine would lose half of its power on the patient who did not want to survive.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-03b3dd6550e1444491d82e64df94e226",
            "input": "Article: With America's national debt continuing to climb, Congress is constantly debating ways to save money. The Dollar Coin Alliance, a lobbying group, says billions could be saved if dollar coins were used instead of paper bills. But many people won't use them. The U.S. government tried to push dollar coins again in recent years, but then suspended almost all production in 2011. American likes paper dollars, but Jim Kolbe, co-chairman of the Dollar Coin Alliance, thinks switching to the coin is worth it. \"The coin does cost more to produce, roughly on the neighborhood of 17 cents versus the 5 or 6 cents that a paper dollar costs to produce,\" he said. \"However, the coin lasts 35 years, and it's made of mostly recycled metals, and the paper has to be produced from new materials, and we shred 3 billion of those every year because they wear out.\" For years, the former Arizona congressman has been pushing legislation that would prop up the dollar coin by phasing out the greenback -- a move that has met resistance from both politicians and the public. But today, he said, _ and a recent poll indicates 61 percent of Americans like the idea. \"When they learn of the savings that can be involved with this, they will support the idea of substituting the coin for the paper dollar,\" he said. Major savings Kolbe points to a study by the Government Accountability Office, which investigates how the government spends taxpayer dollars. The GAO estimates taxpayers would save more than $4 billion over 30 years, and that figure could be much higher. That appeals to taxpayer Christy Thompson, who said, \"I'd probably say, yes, we need to do it.\" But plenty of people aren't convinced, including Kim Doering of Alexandria, Virginia. \"It's easier to carry the paper bill than a bunch of coins. They're louder; they're heavier in your pocket,\" she said. Washington, D.C. restaurant owner Sue Fouladi doesn't like the idea of having more dollar coins in her cash register. \"It's very inconvenient,\" she said. \"If I don't have a choice, then I'll do it, but I'll be a very unhappy person.\" Adding to the problem is that the gold- and silver-colored metal coins are about the same size as the 25-cent quarter. Robert Blecker, an economics professor at American University in Washington, says the dollar coins should be a different size and thickness. \"And if we can design a dollar coin that's not so big and bulky, probably Americans would like it better,\" he added. But that doesn't bother college student Emily Sturgill. \"Sometimes they fit into your pocket easily and you don't have to worry about them slipping out, like a dollar bill would if you brought your keys or your phone out,\" she said. \n Answer: They are produced from new materials.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the advantage of dollar coins according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d012a75895cc41be844b87cf5dc2cd96",
            "input": "Article: That summer an army of crickets  started a war with my father. Dad cared for insects no more than Mamma, but he could tolerate a few living in the basement. Mamma was a city girl and she said a cricket was just too noisy. Then to support her point she wouldn't go to bed. She drank coffee and smoked my father's cigarettes and paced between the sofa and the TV. Next morning she threatened to pack up and leave, so Dad drove to the store and hurried back. He sprayed poison from a jug. When he was finished he told us that was the end of it. For a couple of weeks we went back to find dead crickets in the laundry. He suggested that we'd all be better off to hide as many as we could from Mamma. I fed a few dozen to the cat who I didn't like because he scratched for no reason. However,soon live crickets started showing up in the kitchen and bathroom. Mamma was upest because she thought they were the dead crickets coming back,but Dad said these were certainly new ones. He fetched his jug of posion and sprayed all over until the whole house smelled of posion, and then he sprayed the basement again. A couple of weeks later, when both live and dead crickets kept turning up, Dad emptied the basement of junk. Then he burned a lot of old newspapers and magazines which he said the crickets had turned into nests. While we ate supper that evening, the wind lifted some flames onto the wood pile. The only gasoline was in the lawn mower's  fuel tank but that was enough to create an explosion big enough to reach the house. Once the roof caught, there wasn't much anyone could do. After the fire trucks left, Mamma took the others to Aunt Gail's. I helped Dad and Uncle Burt carry things out of the house and pile them by the road. We worked into the night and we didn't talk much, while all around the noise of crickets broke our silence. \n Answer: She didn't like insects at all.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the author's mother?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4a50bcfc5244974974bbd50114503bb",
            "input": "Article: One day, Wilson was walking quietly along the road when someone hit him hard on the back of his neck.He looked behind him, and saw a young man whom he had never seen before. \"How dare you hit me like that?\" shouted Wilson. The young man said he had mistaken Wilson for a friend of his and that he thought Wilson was making a lot of noise about nothing. This insult   made Wilson even angrier, of course, and he at once decided to bring the young man before a judge. Now, the judge, who heard the case, was a friend of the young man's father's, and, although he pretended to be quite fair, he was thinking about what he could do to protect the young man from being punished while at the same time not to be appearing unfair. Finally he said to Wilson, \"I understand your feelings in this matter very well.Would you be satisfied if I let you hit the young man as he hit you?\" Wilson said he would not be.The young man had insulted him and should be _ punished. \"Well, then,\" said the judge to the young man, \"I order you to pay ten coins to Wilson.\" Ten coins was very little for such a crime, but the young man did not have it with him, so the judge allowed him to go and get it. Wilson waited for him to return with the money.He waited an hour, and then two hours, while the judge took care of other business. When it was nearly time for the court to close, Wilson chose a moment when the judge was especially busy, came up quietly and hit him hard on the back of the neck.Then he said to him, \"I am sorry, but I can't wait any longer.When the young man comes back, tell him that I have passed my right to the ten coins on to you.\" \n Answer: He had mistaken Wilson for a friend of his.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the young man hit Wilson from behind?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-904db7ef9a4c4fd6b9fa84fe347c89f9",
            "input": "Article: A Groundbreaking Event It was an unforgettable field trip. Twenty-six fifth-graders from George Bancroft Elementary School, in Washington, D.C., went to the White House on Friday. They used shovels, rakes and wheelbarrows to help First Lady Michelle Obama break ground on a new vegetable garden. This White House garden is the first since World War II. In the 1940s, First lady Eleanor Roosevelt planted a White House \"Victory Garden\" to encourage Americans to grow gardens at home. Mrs. Obama's new garden is an L-shaped patch near the fountain on the South Lawn. Vegetables to be planted include lettuce, peas, collard greens, onions and spinach. A herb garden will grow garlic, sage and cilantro. These herbs are used in Mexican food, an Obama family favourite. White House chefs will prepare meals for the First Family with food from the garden and some of the produce will be donated to Miriam's Kitchen, a soup kitchen near the White House. Health food is important to Mrs. Obama. She said that the purpose of the garden is to make sure that her family, the White House staff, and guests eat fresh vegetables. Mrs. Obama has also said that she hopes the new White House garden will help educate Americans about the importance of fresh, nutritious food at a time when obesity is a national crisis. A diet high in natural, unprocessed foods helps people maintain a healthy weight. Mrs. Obama said she has found that her daughters, Malia, 16, and Sasha, 13, like vegetables more if they have been involved in growing them. \"If they have been involved in planting and picking the vegetables, they are much more curious about giving them a try,\" she said. When Bancroft students go back to the White House this summer they will get to taste the vegetables they helped to grow. After they help to harvest the crops, they will cook them in the White House kitchen and then eat them. \n Answer: They gave fruit and vegetables to the First Lady.",
            "output": [
                "What did the Bancroft students do outside the White House?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d267b3ade1814cb7985e777a9074b9c8",
            "input": "Article: As a high school dropout myself, I often feel it is my duty to defend my fellow non-scholars. Common wisdom would have you believe we are the \"bad kids\", the future criminals, the worst sort of people. But not all dropouts will deal drugs, shoplift, or even shoot pool all day. My own favorite hooky hangout was always the public library. My early retirement meant that at last I had the time to read everything I wanted to. Best of all was the time I finally had to myself. I felt uncontrolled and free. I had been in school nearly my whole life. I wanted to find out for myself who I was, and until I did, everything else felt like a waste of time. To be honest, though, my daily life as a dropout consisted mostly of long hot baths, afternoon naps, and microwave food. After nearly three years of such self-centered pleasure, a series of strange thoughts began to enter my mind continuously. Images of myself at the age of 35-still living at home, collecting dust balls on the couch, reading the same book over and over-began to bother me in my sleep. And a voice in my head began asking over and over, \"Who is paying the hot water bills? Who buys the microwave pizza?\" The answer, of course, was my poor old parents. Sure, I was having a wonderful time doing plenty of nothing, discovering myself and all, but they were getting a raw deal. What parents long to see their child drop out of school, with no plans for the future? Could they be expected to support me forever? Certainly not. I had been visited by Our Lady of Perpetual Responsibility, and there was no looking back. I immediately moved out of the house and out of town, in search of a future for myself. And it is here, in my new home of San Francisco, that I have decided to do what was once unthinkable: go back to school. I plan to take adult education classes and get me GED (General Educational Development), and then enroll in City College. So next time you see a dropout, that unchangeable anti-student, be understanding. And please don't push him to do something he doesn't want to do. It never works. He'll come around when he's ready. \n Answer: What did the writer's parents say when he dropped out?",
            "output": [
                "Which question is NOT answered in the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b971c53979fc4d8f8c5d7dfa2ecb9c50",
            "input": "Article: If I had known the following things when I was in high school, my life would have been 100% easier back then and probably would have helped me greatly. I realized some of these things I was told but being young and ignorant I refused to listen. 1.Your high school sweetheart will probably not be your spouse. When I was in school, I thought my boyfriend and I were the \"one and only true love\". Honestly as most young people do, statistically only like 2% of people end up marrying their high school sweethearts and even if they do they probably won't be as happy as they were in high school. Being an adult is very stressful and your relationships become different. 2.  _  How many kids play sports per year? How many kids are good enough to get a scholarship by playing sports? How many of them even make it to the Olympics after college or university? The kids who actually stay at home and focus on getting good at computers or math are the ones who make the most in the adult world financially. 3. It doesn't matter what university you go to. I was convinced I was going to go to a great art school when I graduated and I was so stressed out about it that I ended up dropping out of school. In reality my life wasn't over; I only got my GED a year ago but I am in a decent school now. In the real world when you go to apply somewhere all they care about is \"do you have a degree or a certification\"? 4. Your friends probably won't be your friends after you graduate. I really thought I was going to get an apartment with my friends and our kids were going to grow up together. The truth is, when people grow up they move, have kids, get married, and therefore change. You will change; you will not be the same person you were. High school is just a transitional period of your life. So don't worry about who is saying what about you or who is making fun of whom. \n Answer: To encourage high school students to focus on study.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9fecddf2e4bf4f11bc878adbd5000eb5",
            "input": "Article: Snow can be very beautiful. When snow covers everything around you , the world looks like a \"Winter Wonderland\". That is the name of a very popular song about winter. Richard Smith and Felix Bernard wrote the song in 1934. But winter is not always such a beautiful and happy time. It is cold outside.The wind blows and makes it even colder. The days are shorter and darker. The sun rarely shines. The leaves on the trees are brown or have fallen to the ground. The flowers are mostly gone. It is not surprising that some people are sad in winter. And some people dream about being somewhere else where it is warm and pretty----like the state of California. The Mamas and the Papas recorded their famous song, \"California Dreaming\" in 1965. During the 1960s, many other famous rock groups sang songs about winter. Here is a song by Simon and Garfunkel called \"A Hazy Shade of Winter\". They sing about life and hope.  In 1968, the group Blood, Sweat and Tears recorded this gentle, sad song about winter. They sing about a lost love and forgotten memories in \"Sometimes in Winter\". Gordon Lightfoot wrote and recorded another sad and lovely song about winter in 1975.Sarah McLachlan recorded \"Song for a Winter's Night\" for an album in 2006.She sings about reading a love letter and wishing the writer were with her. Finally, on a lovely note, we leave you this sad song by Wayne. \n Answer: Winter is not always a happy time.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c547c43a9364a2ba9d47e55be9a2d3a",
            "input": "Article: Everybody has had at least one experience from which he knows the meaning of life.This time, which took place several years ago, but seems as if it just happened. On an afternoon several years ago, my brother-in-law opened the bottom drawer of my sister's dress and picked out a beautiful skirt.\"Jan bought this the first time we went to New York, at least 8 or 9 years ago.She never wore it.She was saving it for a special occasion.\" he said.I guess this was the occasion: it was the funeral   of my sister, after her unexpected death. He took the shirt and put it on bed, with the other clothes we were taking to the funeral.Then he closed the drawer and turned to me, \"Don't ever save anything for a special occasion.Every day you're alive is a special occasion.\" I'm thinking about his words, and they've changed the way I live my life.I'm spending more time with my family and friends and less time in committee meetings.Whenever possible, life should be a kind of experience to enjoy, not to suffer.\"Someday\" and \"one of these days\" are losing their importance on my vocabulary.If it's worth seeing or hearing or doing,I want to see and hear and do it now. Ever since that day, I have been trying very hard not to put off, hold hack or save anything that would add laughter and color to our lives.Every morning when I open my eyes.I tell myself that every day, every minute, every breath, truly is a gift.So every day and find the true meaning of your life. \n Answer: She waited for a special occasion to wear it on.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jan buy the beautiful skirt but didn't wear it?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57ed4130e9314732b02f30dd6fbd8827",
            "input": "Article: It was the small hours of the morning when we reached London Airport. I had cabled London from Amsterdam, and there was a hired car to meet, but there was one more unfortunate happening before I reached my flat. In all my travels I have never, but for that once, been required by the British customs to open a single bag or to do more than state that I carried no goods liable to duty. It was, of course, my fault; the extreme tiredness and nervous tension of the journey had destroyed my diplomacy. I was, for whichever reason, so tired that I could hardly stand, and to the question, \"have you read this?\" I replied with extreme foolishness, \"yes, hundreds of times.\" \"And you have nothing to declare?\"  \"Nothing.\" \"How long have you been out of this country?\"  \"About three months.\" \"And during that time you have acquired nothing?\" \"Nothing but what is on the list I have given you.\" He seemed momentarily at a loss, but then he attacked. The attack, when it came, was utterly unexpected. \"Where did you get that watch?\" I could have kicked myself. Two days before, when playing water games with a friend in the bath, I had forgotten to take off my ROLEX OYSTER, and it had, not unnaturally, stopped. I had gone into the market and bought, for twelve shillings and six pence, an ugly time piece that made a strange noise. It had stopped twice, without any reason, during the journey. I explained, but I had already lost face. I produced my own watch from a pocket, and added that I should be grateful if he would confiscate   the replacement. \"It is not a question of confiscation,\" he said, \"there is a fine for failing to declare dutiable goods. And now may I please examine that Rolex?\"  It took another quarter of an hour to persuade him that the Rolex was not contraband  . Just when I let out a sigh of relief, he began to search my luggage! \n Answer: In the early morning.",
            "output": [
                "When did the writer arrive at London Airport?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-96d12ee9c9964dfca248a51720024bfd",
            "input": "Article: Shanghai Air & Hotel with Transfers/One Day Hangzhou City Tour(PK0482737SHA06) Package Inclusive *Return Air Tickets *2 Nights Accommodation *Return Airport Transfers *One Day Hangzhou City Tour Booking Period:29 Jan 2015 to 31 Dec 2015 Travel Period:29 Jan 2015 to 31 Dec 2015 ONE DAY HANGZHOU CITY TOUR It is a city rich with history and culture,spanning back over 2000 years.With its inviting views and outstanding scenery,the area soon became popular with artists,poets and painters seeking inspiration in this little bit of paradise. Our first stop is Six Harmonies Pagoda.You will get to visit the charming museum and snap some photos in front of this architectural marvel that was built in the Song Dynasty. Next stop will be a visit to Meijiawu Tea Village,for a traditional tea ceremony and its significance to Chinese culture. After lunch,the beautiful view of West Lake is going to greet us.We will have a cruise  across West Lake to experience peace and serenity like no place else in the Shanghai area.The unforgettable scenery includes Three Pools Mirroring the Moon,Bai and Su Causeways,Solitary Hill,and Leifeng Pagoda,etc.The boat ride ends at Viewing Fish at Flower Harbor.We will have the chance to walk along on Su Causeway,and feed the fish in the Red Fish Pond to pray for the good luck. Pickup Time:Between 7:30 a.m.--8:30 a.m. Duration:10 hrs 2--WAY SHANGHAI PUDONG INTERNATIONAL AIRPEIRT TRANSFERS Transfer between Shanghai Pudong International Airport(PVG) to your hotel is provided by mini bus.On arrival,you will be met by our driver after custom clearance. Should you require further assistance,please contact our hotline:+86 21 6322 3855 \n Answer: Round-trip air tickets.",
            "output": [
                "What service will you get from One Day Hangzhou City Package Tour?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a374a7a06f2441c3be3d35e64ca6537a",
            "input": "Article: Noise pollution in cities is causing out health to suffer, according to the World Health Organization. Recently, researchers at the Free University of Brussels in Beigium have developed an applocation: NoiseTube. It allows everyone who downloads it the ability to measure the amount of noise they are exposed to by transforming their smart phone into a sound level meter. NoiseTube works by recording sound levels and GPS locations. Once launched the app shows decibel  levels of green or red depending on the level of noise. That information is then sent to the NoiseTube server via the Internet where a \"noise map\" is produced and then made available to the user. Since its launch, the app has been popular with community groups who want to monitor their own noise levels. According to D'hondt of the Noise Tube project, these groups don't think that city produced noise maps give an adequate interpretation of the level of noise they're experiencing. City produced noise maps are based on statistical models involving very few actual measurements.  NoiseTube on the other hand gives a detailed account of the level of noise experienced at a specific time and location. \"Ten people walking the same area from 9 to 10 am every day for one week can make a valid  and detailed map for an area of a couple of blocks,\" D'Hondt said. \"It's reasonable effort by the community groups to produce these maps, and with it they can go to the authorities and have real evidence about what they're experiencing.\" So far these sorts of noise maps have been produced for a number of European cities. The app has been downloaded by 10,000 people with 2,700 people registered on the NoiseTube website. \n Answer: The NoiseTube server analyzes noise information vis the Internet.",
            "output": [
                "How does NoiseTube produce a \"noise map?\""
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-767f3a2e657441c19fc24d14c12548fc",
            "input": "Article: When e-mail first came into general use about twenty years ago, there was a lot of talk about the arrival of the paperless office.However, it seems that e-mail has yet to revolutionize office   communication.According to communications analyst Richard Metcalf, some offices have actually    seen an increase in paper as a result of e-mail.\"Information in the form of e-mal messages now floods our computer screens.These messages can be sent so quickly that memos  tend to be distributed in the hundreds.For those secretaries whose bosses ask them to print out all their e-mails and leave them in their in-trays, this means using up a great deal of paper every month,\" Metcalf says. Metcalf has found that because some e-mails get lost in cyberspace, important documents are     increasingly likely to be asked by clients and colleagues to send all important documents both by e-mail and by fax or \"snail mail\" - through the post.This highlights a further potential problem with e-mail in today's offices - it is taking up time rather than saving it.\"With e-mail, communication is much easier, but there is also more room for misunderstandings,\" says psychologist Dr David Lewis.Generally, much less care is taken with e-mails than with letters or faxes and the sender will probably print the document and reread it before putting it in an envelope or sending it by fax. More worrying is still the increasing misuse of e mail for sending \"flame-mail\" - abusive or inappropriate e-mail messages, Recent research in several companies suggests that aggressive  communications like this are on the increase.E-mail has become the perfect medium for expressing  workplace dissatisfaction because it is so instant. E-mail can also be a problem in other ways.Staffs all too often make the mistake of thinking that the contents fan e-mail, like things said over the phone, are private and not permanent.But it is not only possible for an employer to read all your e-mails, it is also perfectly legal.E-mail messages can be traced back to their origin for a period of at least two years, so you might want to rethink e-mailing your dissatisfaction about your too to your friends.The advice is to keep personal e-mails out of the office.      It goes without saying that e-mail exists to make Jife easier, and if used correctly, it is an invaluable tool for businesses of all sizes.But perhaps, for the time being, the fact that in the business world 70 percent offal documents are still in paper form is not such a bad thing after all. \n Answer: Many secretaries keep paper copies of their bosses' e-mails.",
            "output": [
                "Why has the promise of the paperless office not come true in many offices?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad4077c50b78441aaaa4c5b26676097e",
            "input": "Article: Space tourism might be the dream of many people on the planet, but a journey to space is not is not as easy as simply buying some tickets at a travel search engine;it is only reserved for the privileged few that can afford the cost.. One of the options that impressed me most is the one offered by a company called Space Adventures.   What they have in place is a space tourism program that slows you to travel with the Soyuz to the International Space Station (ISS).The trip starts a few months in advance with intensive training dealing mainly with gravity operations, fight control and survival activities. When all tins training is over, your space trip begins. The trip can be planned exactly according to your needs, whether you're going for scientific research , or simply for an adventure. I doubt whether you will find any other kind of trip that has such a thorough preparation period beforehand.    One of the great things to do, even if it makes your space trip a bit more expensive, is that you could go on a space walk during your trip. _ would definitely be a good opportunity to dance outside with your loved one to a slow waltz...Sorry, I forget there's no sound in space! Whatever option you choose, the only obstacle you might face is the cost. All the other requirements seem to be less than those for getting a visa to a foreign country. Generally your height should be between 160 and 185 cm, your weight between 50and 95 kg and be in good health.    Finally ,in answer to the question you've been wondering about .Granted, space tourism is expensive, but exactly how expensive would a normal scheduled flight to the ISS cost? Would you believe it costs between $30 and $40 million? A Russian language course is included! \n Answer: A visa",
            "output": [
                "Besides the body requirements, which of the following is most likely to stop someone from going into space?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9576a3e8e6f444c9f7273d51b0c3b5e",
            "input": "Article: A three-year independent investigation into the September 11, 2001 attack on the Pentagon has _ new eyewitness evidence which, according to the Southern California-based researchers who conducted the investigation conclusively (and unfortunately), establishes as a historical fact that the violence which took place in Arlington that day was not the result of a surprise attack by suicide hijackers, but rather a military black operation involving a carefully planned and skillfully executed deception.\" A CNN Reporter at the scene states that there is no evidence that a 757 hit the Pentagon. What hit the Pentagon? A Boeing 757 loaded with passengers and fuel right? Who was on Flight 757? According to the Flight Information there were No Arabs on it. That makes me wonder if Flight 757 actually existed at all. From the pictures and the videos, people can find that there are several doubtful points that need to be taken into consideration, for example the marker line on the grass in the satellite and ground pictures, the different colors of the smoke, the hole which the plane impacted, and the standing pylons  . Also, from the comparison of the different pictures, people can find some other strange points. For example, the gear   is not the matching one. The wreckage of the plane is not the one from the American Airlines. The glass on the pavement of the pole is another doubtful point. The last thing that need considering is about the collapse. One of the gif video shows the plane impacting the Pentagon. The only problem with this video footage is that it has been altered   and can not be fully trusted. These crash photos and videos shown here clearly have been doctored   and don't even match the physics of what happened. So where is the real video? It leaves me many questions. Is this a missile? It is a real enigma. \n Answer: In a magazine.",
            "output": [
                "Where can you possibly read this article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-74a8d23473084a70bf4b8569cc26793f",
            "input": "Article: I resisted for years becoming anything like my dad or at least acknowledging that I was anything like him because, well, because I wanted to be me, not him; but there I sat at his memorial service several months ago, telling myself,\"You've got a lot more of your dad in you than you think.\" There's this phrase my dad used, and I know I'm going to sound rude to complain about it, but it did use to bother me.\"I'm so proud of you,\"he told us kids, whether we'd won a sailing race or run a marathon or managed to get a book published.\"I'm so proud of you.\"That should be a good thing, but here's what always went through my unforgiving mind: You're taking credit for what isn't really yours but mine.\"I'm so proud of you.\"It came out of my dad's mouth all the time, on those long-distance calls where I might have mentioned something that happened at work or when he and Mom came to visit and we showed off the talents of our two boys. I knew the feeling of parental pride well, especially when my boys achieved in ways that were beyond my comprehension and ability, but I looked for other ways to express it.\"That's an incredible story you've written,\"I would say about the composition.\"I can't believe how fast you solved that problem,\"I would admire the work of the math genius. But never just the blanket phrase. But there I was at Dad's memorial, about to praise him, thinking that I could say exactly what my brother said,\"He lets me be me.\"That was his achievement. In the phrase that I promised I would never utter to my children was a world of forgiveness, care and appreciation. So just the other day when my older son, now a promising manager, sent me an email about the thank-you dinner his latest client threw him, I thought hard for clever things to say, finally realizing my kids just want what my dad gave me.\"I'm so proud of you,\"I wrote. Just like the old man. \n Answer: His achievement was wrongly claimed by his father.",
            "output": [
                "What did the writer think when his father said\"I'm so proud of you\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c54123daad93423995065fe1222faabc",
            "input": "Article: I don't want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it's like to work in a field dominated (controlled) by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space, time and the nature of black holes. At 19, when I began studying astrophysics , it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement--jobs, research papers, awards--was viewed through the lens   of gender   politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus   right brain, or nature versus nurture  , I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind. Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations   : I don't talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn't want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don't study sociology or political theory. Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women's college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don't dismiss those concerns. Still, I don't tell them \"war\" stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that's a sight worth talking about. \n Answer: She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination  .",
            "output": [
                "Why doesn't the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-64ad296e00d447f69196850a9719088f",
            "input": "Article: Bad teeth can be painful and even be deadly. Infections of the gums  and teeth can release bacteria into the blood system. Those bacteria can increase the chance of a heart attack or stroke and worsen the effects of other diseases. And adults are not the only ones at risk. For example, a 12yearold boy died when a tooth infection spread to his brain in 2007 in Washington. Experts said it might have been prevented had he received the dental care he needed. Experts say good dental care starts at birth. Breast milk, they say, is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. Breast milk can help slow bacterial growth and acid production in the mouth. But dentists say a baby's gums and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding by using a cloth with a little warm water. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give only water. When baby teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. The use of fluoride  to protect teeth is common in many parts of the world. For example, it is often added to drinking water supplies. The fluoride mixes with enamel , the hard surface on teeth, to help prevent holes from forming. But young children often swallow toothpaste when they brush their teeth. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry notes that swallowing fluoridated toothpaste can cause problems. So young children should be carefully watched when they brush their teeth. And only a small amount of fluoridated toothpaste, the size of a pea, should be used. Parents often wonder what effect finger sucking might have on their baby's teeth. Dental experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. Most children stop sucking their fingers by the age of four. If it continues, experts advise parents to talk to their children's dentists or doctors. Because it could _ the correct development of permanent teeth. Dentists say children should have their first dental visit at least by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear--usually at around six months. \n Answer: Slowing down bacterial growth and acid production.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage,what is the function of fluoride?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5549aec5d83845b2927cbe51848fa44e",
            "input": "Article: Busy as I am every day, I always open my computer and check my email. Most of the time I am simply doing finger exercises, another form of piano practice without beautiful tones. Sometimes, however, I receive a gift, reminding me of the gifts in my life. The following passage is one of those gifts. Peter Jones is a 92-year-old, short, calm and proud man. Every morning he is fully dressed by eight o'clock, with his hair fashionably combed and face perfectly shaved even though hi is unable to see anything. He would move to a nursing home today. His wife of 70 years old has recently passed away, making the move necessary. After hours of waiting patiently in the entrance hall of the nursing home, he smiled sweetly when told his room was ready. As he moved his walking stick skillfully to the elevator, the nurse provided a visual description of his tiny room. \"I love it,\" he stated with enthusiasm. \"Mr. Jones, you haven't been the room,\" said the nurse. \"That doesn't have anything to do with it,\" he replied. \"Happiness is something you decide on ahead of time. Whether I like my room or not doesn't depend on how the furniture is arranged...it's how I arrange my mind. I have already decided to love _ It's a decision I make every morning when I wake up. I have a choice: I can spend the day in bed complaining of the difficulty I have with the parts of my body that no longer work, or get out of bed and be thankful for the ones that do.\" Each day is a gift, and as long as we are alive. We'll focus on the new day and all the happy memories we've stored just as Mr. Jones does. \n Answer: He is a blind but very neat.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Mr. Jones ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a81eb36465694aa29b32a836b9f1440c",
            "input": "Article: If you are sitting, please stand up. Move your legs. Touch your toes if you can. Do anything but sit. New research shows that if you cut down on the time you spend sitting, you might live longer. Sitting less than three hours a day might extend your life by two years. Cutting television time to less than two hours a day can add one point four years to life. The human body is designed to move. The fact is just the opposite. Modern lifestyles and office jobs rarely give us the chance to move around. We sit while we're eating; we sit in the car; we sit while we are watching TV. And most of us sit for many hours at work. Sitting is something we do all the time. On average, Americans sit for four and a half to five hours a day. But that does not make sitting good for us. Though you may exercise often, that does not mean you can sit for the rest of your waking hours. We can't throw away physical activity. _ is extremely important. Even if you exercise for 30 minutes a day, what goes on in the other 23 and a half hours a day is also very important. Changes are coming to some offices, especially in the design of desks. A \"standing desk\" lets people stand while they work. Another new design is called the \"treadmill desk\". It is an exercise machine that lets you walk slowly in one place. Even some U.S. schools begin to experiment with desks that are part bicycle to keep children moving. Many companies may not buy a standing desk for everybody. However, they may get five standing desks or a treadmill desk for their employees and put them in a certain place where people can go for an hour a day to answer their emails or talk on the phone. Experts suggest some other activities: take a walk at lunchtime; walk to the offices and talk directly instead of emailing colleagues. All these activities may help you live longer. \n Answer: They spend too much time watching TV.",
            "output": [
                "Why should people stand up according to the new research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2f131716a6045d4b51780f268a10136",
            "input": "Article: It's not quite a rat. Nor is it a squirrel, or a mouse. It's definitely a rodent  , and it's also a brand-new family of mammals. The locals of the Southeast Asian country of Laos call the creature a kha-nyou (ga-nyou). The kha-nyou have long body hair, short legs, and a hairy tail less thick than a squirrel's. They're vegetarians living in the rocky hills of Laos, and they come out at night, but for more information, you'll have to ask the Lao people. \"It was for sale on a table next to some vegetables. I knew immediately it was something I had never seen before,\" said Robert Timmins, a researcher for the Wildlife Conservation Society. Timmins was working in Laos to stop people from selling endangered animals when he spotted the species. Criminals who trade illegal wildlife can make a lot of money, but they also push the animals closer to disappearing from the planet. The kha-nyou live in karsts, or rough rock. Mark Robinson, a scientist with the World Wildlife Foundation, set out with Lao villagers to find a few more of the rodents for study. They climbed onto a karst, trapped with rice, and caught several. \"To find something so unusual in this day and age is just extraordinary,\" said Timmins. \"For all we know, this could be the last remaining animal family left to be discovered.\" It's a big deal to discover an entirely new family of animals. Humans, for instance, belong to the same family as great apes, chimpanzees, and gorillas. So even though kha-nyous look like rats, they're really very different. The last time scientists discovered a new family of mammals may have been in the 1970s, when they found new bats in Thailand. Timmins seems to have the gift for finding new animals in Laos--he discovered a new species of rabbit there in 1999. Scientists call the kha-nyou Laonastes aenigmamus, which means \"mysterious mouse that lives among the stones.\"But if that's too hard, Timmins and Robinson suggest you call them \"rock rats\". \n Answer: Karsts.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not the name for this new creature?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7554ae6fa63b4912abcf9c10544d4438",
            "input": "Article: March Break Leadership Camp The aim of this FREE program is to develop an awareness of race relations, diversity, an equal issue for students in Grades 6-8. Place: The Central Library Room Time: March 16&17, 2009 from 9:00 am to 3:00 pm Pick up and hand in registration forms  at the Central Library. All forms must be handed in by March 6th. Space is limited. Please send any questions related to the program to Becky George, the Public Library 905-831-6265 ext 6230 or email: pickering-younity@hotmail.com Free Your Space......Free Your Mind At the Central Library: Wednesday, May 13thfrom7:00 pm to 8:30 pm This time management course will help you to create more balance and time in your life. In today's increasingly stressful times, it is becoming more difficult to spend quality time with family and friends. This course will provide positive solutions and strategies   to achieve peace. Book Club for Teens At the Central Library: Every 2ndThursday at 7:00 pm Do you enjoy reading? Part of the pleasure of reading comes from meeting with others to discuss characters, plots or style. Come to trade ideas and questions, and make new friends. This program is currently full but for more information, please call 905-831-6265 ext 6232. Computer Training Group computer classes for teens will be provided at the Central Library in March, April, and May. Registration starts at 9:30 am on Friday, March 6thfor the March session; Friday, March 27thfor the April session; and Friday, April 24thfor the May session. A valid  Public Library card is required for all computer training sessions. Call the Central Library for more information or to register, 905-831-6265 ext 6243. Limit 10 participants  per class. \n Answer: They are held in the same place.",
            "output": [
                "What do these four programs have in common?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-844564e3fab0456ba2ea3eebef314c6c",
            "input": "Article: It was on the afternoon of the day of Christmas Eve, and I was in Mrs. Prothero's garden, waiting for cats, with her son Jim. It was snowing. Patient and cold, our hands wrapped in socks, we waited to snowball the cats. The wise cats never appeared. We were so still in the snows that we never heard Mrs. Prothero's first cry from the bottom of the garden. Or, if we heard it at all, it was, to us, like the cry of the neighbor's Polar cat. But soon the voice grew louder. \" Fire!\" cried Mrs. Prothero.  And we ran down the garden, with the snowballs in our arms, towards the house; and smoke, indeed, was pouring out of the dining room.  This was better than all the cats in Wales standing on the wall in a row. We loaded with snowballs, stopped at the open door of the smoke-filled room. Something was burning all right; perhaps it was Mr. Prothero, who always slept there after midday dinner with a newspaper over his face; but he was standing in the middle of the room, saying, \" A fine Christmas!\" There was no fire to be seen, only clouds of smoke and Mr. Prothero standing in the middle of them, waving his slipper as though he were conducting.  \" Do something,\" he said.  And we throw all our snowballs into the smoke---I think we missed Mr. Porthero---and ran out of the house.  \" Let's call the police,\" Jim said.  \"And Ernie Jenkins, he likes fires.\" But we only called the fire-brigade, and soon the fire-engine came. Mr. Porthero gout out just in time before they turned the hose on. \n Answer: They were waiting for the neighbour's cats to appear.",
            "output": [
                "Why were the boys in Mrs. Prothero's garden?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f2c6e31399124af0a10072d4975a61fe",
            "input": "Article: Babies are not just passing idle time when they stare at the television--they are actually learning about the world, U. S. researchers said. Parents may want to limit what their babies see on television, based on the study, said Donna Mumme, assistant professor of psychology at Tuffs University in Boston, who led the research. \"Children as young as 12 months are making decisions based on the emotional reactions of adults around them,\" Mumme said in a statement. \"It turns out they can also use emotional information they pick up from television.\" Mumme's team already knew that babies watch other children and adults for information about the world. A mother urging her baby to eat some \"yummy\" soup or a brother crying in fear when a dog approaches can influence a baby's reaction. Mumme's team tested babies to determine if television has the same influence, showing actors reacting on a videotape to objects such as red letter holder, a blue ball, and a yellow lubber. Babies aged 10 months or 12 months were later given the same objects to play with. Ten-month-olds did not seem to be influenced by the videos, but the 1-year-olds were. When the actors acted naturally or positively to an object, the babies happily played with them. But if the actor had seemed afraid or disgusted, the babies would avoid the object. \n Answer: One-year-olds can be emotionally influenced by TV programs.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is Mumme's conclusion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fbb8be1306084a3fabb14a6b724879d1",
            "input": "Article: \"Your first home,\" Laurence Yep wrote in his book, The Lost Garden, \"will always be the one that you remember best. I have been away from it for over twenty years, but I still go back in my dreams.\" For Yep, whose father came from China, home was an apartment and the family grocery store in a neighborhood of San Francisco. It was there that he learned about patience, hard work, and getting along with neighbors. Mr. Brown, Laurence Yep's high school English teacher, often set high goals for his students. He was the first person to encourage Yep to write. The experience of that class changed the direction of Yep's life. At the age of 18 Yep published his first short story, a sci-fi fantasy. He has since written many books and many kinds of books. He has retold Chinese folk stories and written for the theater. In nearly all these varied works, Yep, who is married to the children's book author Joanne Ryder, has returned to questions he has been asking himself since childhood: What does it mean to be Chinese and American? Can one who belongs to two cultures ever feel at home anywhere? When asked, \"How has being of a Chinese by origin been important to you?\" Laurence Yep replied, \"As a child I wanted to be as American as possible. Then, in my early twenties, I became very interested in my Chinese roots. For years after that, I thought that my function as a Chinese American writer was to act as a bridge between two cultures. Now, though, I am not so sure that it is possible to join them together. Compared with Asian culture, American culture pays more attention to individuals and competition. The two cultures pull in opposite directions. So I see myself now as someone who will always be on the border between two cultures. That works to my benefit as a writer because not quite fitting in helps me be a better observer.\" \n Answer: Learn to accept your own differences.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best describes Laurence Yep's attitude to life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ce3fc923bd934ac9b0df3f92eb81aefd",
            "input": "Article: To succeed in business or life we must continually take actions. Putting yourself on the line day after day can be extremely boring, especially when things do not work out as desired. Each time a disappointing event happens, I like to get reminded of these famous failures: Gates has literally changed the work culture of the world in the 20the and the 21st centuries, by simplifying the way the computer is being used. He was the world's richest man for more than one decade. However, in the 1970's before starting out, he was a Harvard University dropout. The most ironic   part is that he started a software company by purchasing the software technology from someone for only $50 back then. Lincoln received no more than five years of formal education throughout his lifetime. When he grew up, he joined politics and had 12 major failures before he was elected the 16th President of the United States of America. Newton was the greatest English mathematician of his generation. His work on optics and gravitation made him one of the greatest scientists the world has even known. Many thought that Newton was born a genius, but he wasn't! When he was young, he did very poorly in grade school, so poor that his teachers became helpless in improving his grades. Beethoven is widely regarded as one of history's great composers. His reputation has inspired composers, musicians and audiences who were to come after him. Before the start of his career, Beethoven's music teacher once said of him \"as a composer, he is hopeless\". And during his career, he lost his hearing yet he managed to produce great music. A deaf man composing music, ironic, isn't it! \n Answer: He will refer to some famous persons' failure stories.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author do if something disappoints him?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9e6f619f2155418082f2657902e9d1d3",
            "input": "Article: With a wildlife guide, I stepped on a journey to find one of the rarest creatures in the world ----the spirit bear, a walking contradiction--a white black bear. Neither albino   nor polar bear, the spirit bear is a white variant   of the North American black bear, and it's found almost exclusively here in the Great Bear Rainforest. At 25,000 square miles ---- one and a half times as big as Switzerland--the region is a spooky , wild, mysterious place: there are wolves here that fish. Deer that swim. Western red cedar trees that have stood a thousand years. And a black bear that is white. Scientists know how black bears are born white. They're just not sure why. The phenomenon, known as Kermodism, is caused by a recessive mutation   at the MC1R gene, the same gene associated with red hair and fair skin in humans. To be born white, a bear must inherit the mutation from both parents. The parents themselves don't have to be white. They just need to carry the recessive mutation. So it's not uncommon for white bears to be born to black parents. White fur happens in only one of every 40 to 100 black bears on the British Columbia mainland coast, but the feature is especially distinct on certain islands in the Great Bear Rainforest. For example, on Princess Royal Island, one in ten black bears is white, and on Gribbell Island, directly north of Princess Royal, it's one in three. It's unclear how the feature arose. One theory was the \"glacial bear\" hypothesis   that the spirit bear represented a remaining adaptation from the last great ice age, which ended here 11,000 years ago. At that time most of modern-day British Columbia was still icebound, and a white coat may have offered camouflage  . But the \"glacial bear\" theory raised a question: Why didn't the white fur feature die out when the glaciers  _ ? Researchers have recently proved that the spirit bear's white coat gives it an advantage when fishing. Although white and black bears tend to have the same success rate after dark, there is a difference during the daytime. White bears catch salmon in one-third of their attempts. Black individuals are successful only one-quarter of the time. \"The salmon are less concerned about a white object as seen from below the surface,\" a scientist guesses. That may answer part of the question about why the white-fur feature continues to flourish today. If salmon are a coastal bear's primary fat and protein source, a successful female can feast on salmon to store more fat for winter, potentially increasing the number of cubs she can produce. \n Answer: It is a kind of polar bear.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about the spirit bear is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-998c6638bac34c0e987a25c9f4da2fa0",
            "input": "Article: BEIJING -  A research team led by Chinese scientists have discovered dietary modulation of gut microbiota can alleviate both genetic and simple obesity in children. The findings of the team, led by Zhao Liping with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Yin Aihua with the Guangdong province children's hospital, and Tang Huiru with Chinese Academy of Sciences, have been published on EBioMedicine, a renowned medical journal co-sponsored by Cell and The Lancet in July. The team identified bacterial genomes specifically for producing obesity-related metabolites , and said an improved gut microbiota can significantly help to treat genetic obesity such as Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS). Beginning in childhood, PWS affected kids develop an insatiable appetite, leading to chronic overeating and obesity. The scientists used a diet therapy with beneficial gut bacteria on trial patients and found considerable _ appetite, weight loss and improved health conditions on the patients. The paper concluded dysbiosis of gut microbiota is highly related with both genetic and simple obesity in children, implicating dietary modulation of gut microbiota a potentially effective treatment method. \n Answer: dysbiosis of gut microbiota",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following factors contributes to child obesity ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7748d348c21e443a8614271f707cb595",
            "input": "Article: If you're in Florence, Italy, and see a man on a ladder wiping the dust off statues and buildings, don't worry.It's just Alessandro Ricci gathering material for his famous smog paintings. Ricci is not a common artist, because he used smog as the main medium of his artworks. Unlike other painters seeking fast recognition of their talent, he doesn't really care about \"being this big artist\".Instead he is more concerned about bringing attention to how much smog there really is in his home town and how it's destroying both its monuments and people. Although he did take a couple of art classes a few years back, he is mainly self-taught, doesn't work in a studio, donates most of his work, and refuses to play by the rules of the Florentine Art Gallery, which he considers corrupt.Alessandro Ricci believes selling his smog paintings will not only compromise his principles, but also contradict the very thing he's trying to do-raise awareness about smog pollution in this city. Alessandro lives with his parents nearby Florence, but almost every day he visits the streets of the city, and collects smog for his paintings.He gets it from several meters above ground, from clean surfaces like marble, plastic and stone, using damp pieces of cotton.Then he applies the smog directly onto a cloth and creates street scenes and reproductions of the very buildings from which he got the dangerous material.Finally, he seals his paintings with a natural resin  . His actions helped win a small victory for the people of Florence, as in October 25, 2012 the Duomo area of the city was made pedestrian-only.But there is still a long way to go, the artist believes, and only cleaning the thick layer of smog that has accumulated throughout Florence would take several years.Still, he continues to paint his unique smog artworks and let the people know how polluted the environment they live in really is. \n Answer: Florentine artist fights pollution by painting with smog.",
            "output": [
                "What does the text mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe66d8c0e32f483e930db4ba4805504b",
            "input": "Article: Glastonbury Festival: Time and place: 22nd~26th June, Pilton, Somerse. Recognized as the best summer festival season, Glastonbury is one of the biggest and oldest festivals in the UK. Last year's 40th anniversary was their best ever, even though the supergroup U2 canceled last minute because of Bono injuring his back. Latitude Festival: Time and place:14th~17th July, Henham Park, Suffolk. Now in its sixth year, this festival is the choice for more families. It is providing visitors with a range of entertainment to accompany the music, including comedy, show, theatre and literature. Shrewsbury Folk Festival: Time and place: 26th~29th August, West Mids Show Ground, Shrewsbury. Announced as one of the best folk festivals in the UK, this festival is only in its sixth year. It takes place over the 4 days of the August bank holiday weekend, and moved to Shrewsbury in 2006.  Download Festival: Time and place: 10th and 12th, June, Donington Park Derby. It is a three-day rock music festival held every year. The name Download was chosen for the festival for two reasons. Downloading was a dirty work in the music industry at the time because of file sharing and rock is seen as a rebellious   type of music. \n Answer: Glastonbury Festival",
            "output": [
                "Which festival is one of the oldest festivals in the UK?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cab27f4f7d364c7c82f8d61c543a3155",
            "input": "Article: A petition on change.org with some 75000 signatures  is asking a Florida school district to change the name of a high school that is named after Nathan Bedford Forrest, a founding member of the original Ku Klux Klan. The KKK was a secret American political organization of white men who opposed people of other races or religions.  According to Marsha Oliver chief of communications for the Duval County School District, it doesn't matter how many people sign the petition because the process for changing a school's name is community-based and the final decision is up to the school board . The school board was asked by the School Advisory Council in April 2007 to change the name but the board voted 5-2 against it. Its membership has changed since then. The school was named after Forrest when it opened with white students only in 1959, a name suggestion that came from an organization called Daughters of the Confederacy. Now, more than half of the school's students are African-American. The change.org petition was drawn up by a man named Omotaya Richamond, who wrote the following to explain his action:    I moved to Jacksonville from Long Island 12 years ago. Since then, I have put down roots here. I have helped raise a beautiful daughter here. This place is my home now.    Jacksonville is home to Nathan Bedford Forrest High School, named in honor of a founding member of the original Ku Klux Klan. I don't want my daughter, or any student, going to a school with such a name.    Five years ago, the school board voted 5-2 to keep the name. But a lot has changed in five years. All five members who voted for Nathan Bedford Forrest High School have been replaced. There is a new school superintendent who publicly stated that he would support a push from our community to change the name. Now is the time to correct a historical wrong. African-American Jacksnville students shouldn't have to attend a high school named for someone who killed and terrorize their ancestors one more school year.     Please support changing the name today. \n Answer: The Daughters of the Confederacy chose its name",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about Nathan Bedford Forrest High School?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-60389930a5a84d0285af450c893368d4",
            "input": "Article: It was the end of the school term and my son Tom had less than three months left before he would finish his six years at high school. During this time he had developed a love for basketball. Sadly, because of my work over the last twelve months, I had only been able to attend a few of his games; however, I was determined to get to his last game for the school term. Tom's team came out in the first 10 minutes with a burst of goals that saw them leading by just over 20 points at the end of the first half. The second half changed as the other team quickly played themselves back into the game. Tom's team started to miss an increasing number of shots. It was at that point that the coach called his first time out. The noise of the spectators   became quiet as the coach spoke to them. He had the team standing in a half circle, but he squatted   down, looking up at them and fiving some very calm and clear instructions on what they needed to do in the last couple of minutes. As he stood up to allow the team to return to the court, I saw him give some further words of encouragement to all of them. You could see that he knew that the team was fighting to save the game and that he needed to lift them up. By squatting down he placed himself in a position where he was talking up to them, rather than down or at them, and as the players went back onto the court his words of encouragement served to lift their energy and spirits. Well, Tom's team went on to win the final by 5 points. As I drove away I thought about what can happen to us all in our everyday life. One of my favourite quotes is about the half filled glass of water --- \"Is it half full or is it half empty?\" Like the coach, the answer to this quote all depends on how you look at things. \n Answer: Because his son would graduate from high school.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer come to see his son play basketball?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9d8a6c5f745452aacd81da0db75a1fe",
            "input": "Article: Have you heard of snake robots? Scientists and doctors are already using tiny snakes that coil through the human body armed with sharp surgical tools to perform operations on hearts, prostate cancer, and other diseased organs. The snake robots that carry tiny cameras, scissors and forceps, and even more advanced sensors are being developed. The next generation of the robots will be wireless, and will explore inside your body on their own--- not attached to any cables. For now, they are powered by cables that humans control. Experts say the day is coming when some robots will roam around the body on their own. But the experts in robotics say the new creations work best when they are designed for very specific tasks. Howie Choset has been researching and building robots, particularly snake robots. He believes that his snake robot and others like it can help reduce medical costs by making complex surgery faster and easier. Choset says his new design is smaller and more flexible than earlier models. The size of surgical robots allows surgeons to operate with far less damage to the body, helping the patient heal faster. Choset has also built larger snake robots designed for search and rescue, or just exploration. They can climb poles and trees and then look around through a camera in the head and slither through places that humans cannot reach. \" We sent our snake robots into these caves in the Red Sea to look for evidence of ancient Egyptian ships,\" he said. \" To me, archeology is like search and rescue, but everyone has been dead for 5,000 years.\" The doctors are very excited about the potential for surgical robots to do things that humans can't do. The variety of sensors available for surgical robots keeps expanding. As they get smaller, maybe one day they will be able to test chemicals or blood in the body, or even the electrical connections in nerves. \n Answer: Snake robots can reduce the patients' medical costs.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true, according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ddc8abf2a0b942d48d03e00a2c4493b7",
            "input": "Article: \"NOW I just don't believe that. \"Surely all of us, at some point, have watched a movie and thought: It's simply badly researched,or the makers must think we're fools. Recently, The Daily Telegraph ran a humorous piece on untrue tech moments from some top movies. Let's see what they are all about. Tom Chiver, the writer of The Daily Telegraph uses his first example from the movie Independence Day, in which a character comes up with a virus which destroys Windows the computer system the alien  spacecraft uses. \"It's a good thing that they didn't have Norton Anti-virus,\" jokes  Chivers. It's just one case of a movie that takes a lot of license with its science. Another one Chivers mentions is from the movie Star Wars, where the glowing light beams  traveling through space look very impressive. But the problem is that in space there are no air particles  for the light to reflect off. In reality, they'd be invisible , which wouldn't look so cool on the big screen. Most people think that the mind--bending Matrix films are made for great viewing. But for Chivers, the science in the movies is a little bit silly. He comments \"...the film is based on the idea that humans are kept alive as electricity generators  . This is not just unlikely --it's basically impossible. _ would need more energy to stay alive than they would produce. It's just like saying that you'll power the car with batteries, and keep the batteries charged by running a generator from the wheels. \" And finally, as Chivers points out, DNA is not replaceable. But this bit of elementary genetics passed the makers of the 2002 Bond film Die Another Day by. In the film the bad guy has \"gene treatment\" to change his appearance and his DNA, which is completely impossible in our real world. \n Answer: It's a science fiction movie.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following does the writer agree with about the movie Independence Day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e7ca42bedcf4f25aafd829dee293010",
            "input": "Article: Celebrities  have become a powerful influence on some people because of their social position and their economic situation. First, some people admire and imitate stars because they allow themselves to be influenced by the media. Television, radio, and magazines invade  the lives of audience with a variety of shows, information, and publications about stars and their lives. For instance, Britney Spears has become the target of paparazzi . In May, Britney appeared at the front page of the most popular magazines revealing that she married her best friend in Vegas, Nevada. Media also invade stars' lives because reporters know they can get high profits from readers who buy and follow their favorite artists' news. Second, some mad audiences imitate their celebrities for their lack of confidence. Some people who are shy and lack personality may find that imitating others will cause a good impression. For example, my cousin Jenny, who lacks a social life because of her introverted  personality, believes that acting and dressing like Jennifer Lopez will make her popular in high school. Finally, several fans of stars imitate them because of peer pressure. Since my niece's girl friends formed an Antonio Banderas' fan club, she had also joined the group. Although she wasn't a huge fan of his, now she collects most of Banderas' possessions. In fact, when I asked Arianna, my niece, why she was part of Banderas' fan club, she replied with a doubtful tone that she did not wish to be rejected by the other teens. In conclusion, it is true that celebrities play spectacular roles in their performances in Hollywood, which entertains many people all over the world; however, modern celebrities influence the audience to the point where their fans admire and try to imitate their lives. \n Answer: Why people are influenced by celebrities.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a010e7fa65d74499a49970c48c05e22d",
            "input": "Article: Everyone knows what a needle is. Of course there are needles and needles: Needles for sewing machines, needles for injection , you name it. But few people think of the wonder : a needle works in the hands of those who practice acupuncture . During the past ten years or so, I have been suffering from terrible headache. It seems to be getting from bad to worse these days . Last night I got a sudden pain in my head. It was so terrible that I could hardly bear it. Although I swallowed all kinds of pain-killers , I didn't feel any better, It seemed that there was nothing I could do but phone for a doctor. One of our neighbours happened to be with us. He was not a doctor, but he timidly  offered his help, saying \"Do you mind if I tried acupuncture on you? These needles may possibly do you some good.\" I agreed. In a moment, he had taken out a few needles from his purse. Without a moment's delay, he fixed a few needles into the skin on my head here and there, Before long, I felt thoroughly relieved . Just then, the doctor sped through my house and said, \"Where is our patient?\" \"Sorry, Doctor, You are too late, It's killed!\" I answered in delight. It's miracle , isn't it? \n Answer: the neighbour fixed needles on his own head",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9808c7e19107474dae066af0023666e5",
            "input": "Article: Like many new graduates, I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do. My degree, with honors, in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical. I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow, but I had no idea how to do that. That's when I learned about the Lighthouse Project. I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers. I knew it would be a lot of hard work, and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time. In short, I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither did my family. Eventually, however, I won the support of my family, and I sent in all the paperwork needed for the application. After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone. Several months later, I finally received a call asking me to report for the duty. I would be going to a small village near Abuja, Nigeria. Where? What? Nigeria? I had no idea. But I was about to find out. After completing my training, I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation. Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their homes, hearts, and food as if I were their own family. I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse. For the next year or so, I taught in that same schoolhouse. But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me. Sometime during that period, I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did, though I did not get anywhere with the local language, and returned to the United States a different man. The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever. \n Answer: His university education focused on the theoretical knowledge.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0af29209a84341b4ae01e46a21a4c65d",
            "input": "Article: My own experiment with culture shock came to a fruitless end when I returned with homesick from a year's study in Italy. I had never heard of culture shock. All I knew was that I was unhappy and wanted to go home. That was twenty years ago, and since then culture shock has become a real field of study. It is now understood that any normal person, finding him or herself for an extended time in a new culture, is in for trouble. The process of \"culture shock\" is now recognized as so predictable that its four stages have been noticeable. The first is the honeymoon stage, familiar to those of us who love to travel, but never stay in one place long enough to find out what follows. In this stage, the new country and its people seem delightful. Everything is better than home. Everything is so different and charming.  _ Now the people start to look shallow, selfish and stupid. The different ways of doing things don't seem interesting any more. You start to feel tired all the time. Culture shock has set in. You feel at sea. The emotional response to culture shock in stage two can be extreme. Confusion, depression and anxiety, and resentment can all enter to varying degrees. You may become physically ill. Little things seem terribly annoying. The happier resolution is to move on to stage three. Adjusting. Rather than itemizing  what's \"wrong\" with Americans, you remind yourself that \"right\" and \"wrong\" are not meaningful terms in cultural matters. Instead, you try to understand what motivates Americans, perhaps realizing that many of the things you don't like are related to the things you do like. As time goes on, you should be moving into stage four. Acceptance. At this point, you simply don't think any more about the specialties of Americans. You accept them as individuals. You have started to feel at home; you know how to do things. You have not rejected your old culture; but the American ways have settled upon you. You feel optimistic about your future here. You have truly arrived. \n Answer: They don't stay in one place long enough.",
            "output": [
                "Why do people not suffer from culture shock when they first arrive in a foreign country?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-98ed634151bf488fb318df9e01ad186d",
            "input": "Article: Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture   of goods, which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks. Once _ was done, workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain order. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today's standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled worker wasn't the only loser, the common workers lost too. Similar changes forced farmer away. The increased mechanization   of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had no choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost. \n Answer: The increased exploitation  of workers in the 19th century.",
            "output": [
                "In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-90d1801681864383baa86ba350bb8e56",
            "input": "Article: Some time ago, a friend of mine punished his three-year-old daughter for wasting a roll of gold wrapping paper. Money was tight , and he became infuriated when the child tried to decorate a box to put under the Christmas tree. Nevertheless, the little girl brought the gift to her father the next morning and said, \"This is for you, Daddy.\" He was embarrassed by his earlier over-reaction, but his anger flared again when he found that the box was empty. He shouted at her loudly, \"Don't you know that when you give someone a present, there's supposed to be something inside of it?\" The little girl looked up at him with tears in her eyes and said, \"Oh, Daddy, it's not empty. I blew kisses in the box. I filled it with my love. All for you, Daddy.\" The father was crushed. He put his arms around his little girl, and he begged her for forgiveness . My friend told me that he kept that gold box by his bed for years. Whenever he was discouraged, he would take out an imaginary kiss and remember the love of the child who had put it there. In a very real sense, each of us as parents has been given a gold container filled with unconditional love and kisses from our children. There is no more precious possession anyone could hold. \n Answer: Because the girl was wasting a roll of gold wrapping paper.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the father punish his daughter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5d117054a68f402bbfea42755cf524d2",
            "input": "Article: Jesse was a great teacher, tutor, mentor, and family member. He was a dedicated  volunteer in the Peace Corps in Guinea, West Africa. He went to a place where he knew he could make a difference and wanted to help teach children who otherwise would not have a teacher. He made friends wherever he went and touched the hearts of many. Jesse was never one to go anywhere without making a good impression on everyone he met. His sudden death in a tragic car accident in Africa brought his family and friends together in a celebration of his life. They came from all over: Africa, Canada, the US. The church was filled with people who knew that Jesse had made a difference in their lives, in the lives of the children, and in the hearts of his loved ones. Jesse volunteered with the Peace Corps to help educate children in Guinea, Africa. Guinea is a very poor and complex country where tribalism  is strong. Each tribe that Jesse worked with wanted him to commit to one or the other. Jesse would not surrender to tribalism when he took an African name, and he wanted a tribal last name. Each of the two tribes in which he taught insisted that he choose their name. He would not choose but married the tribes' two names into one. Jesse was a light to all who knew him. We will always remember the joy and love he brought to his work, to his family, his friends. The people who loved Jesse are planning to build a school in Guinea in his honor. So his work continues... \n Answer: Because he was kind and helpful to people from heart.",
            "output": [
                "Why were there so many people remembering Jesse?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d583e5b1bd141f5a1b0bdf98d35e6e6",
            "input": "Article: Starving polar bears are eating one another in the Arctic. Flowers are blooming too soon and die. The ice caps are melting so fast that rising water levels will threaten coastal towns along Florida within several decades. These are just a few examples of the terrible consequences of climate change supported by a new analysis inNature. In the past three decades, average global temperatures have risen about 0. 6degC and are _ to jump by about 1. 7degC by the end of the century, says Cynthia Rosenzweig, who leads the Climate Impacts Group at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies at Columbia University in New York. \"We've already seen that a relatively low amount of warming,\" she says, \"can lead to a broad range of changes. \" The unnatural warming caused by man-made greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide produced by cars and coal-powered plants, brings trouble for entire ecosystems. In North America alone, scientists have identified 89 species of plants, such as the American holly that have flowered earlier in the spring. In Spain, apple trees bloom 35 days ahead of schedule in response to the higher temperatures. Other wildlife, like the insects that use certain plants for food and the birds that feed on the insects, must then move forward their seasonal stirrings  and mating  patterns to survive. To try to follow this time shift, some birds such as robins, the classic symbol of winter'sthaw , are returning to Colorado from their migrations some two weeks earlier than in years past. All these changes can throw a food chain in disorder. Some bird species that arrive before the insects reappear may starve to death. \"Around the world, plants and animals are waking up to an earlier alarm clock than they used to,\" says Terry Root, a biologist from Stanford University. \n Answer: They used to come back when spring came.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about robins according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6bb1167a89b74a8c886609a3d02aa52a",
            "input": "Article: Right is right. Right? Of course. But is left wrong? Well, the Romans used to think so. They thought left-handed people were mistakes of nature. Latin, the language of the Romans, had many words that expressed this view. Some words we use today still have this meaning. The Latin word \"dexter\" means \"right\". The English word \"dexterous\" comes from this word. It means \"handy\" (clever with hands). So, right is handy. But the Latin word for left is \"sinister\". The English word \"sinister\" comes from this word. Sinister means \"evil\" (very bad). Is it fair to call right-handed people handy and left-handed people evil? Well, fair or not, many languages have words that express such beliefs. In old English, the word for left means \"weak\". That isn't much of an improvement over \"evil\". Not very long ago, children were often forced to write with their right hands. Doctors have since found that this can be very harmful. You should use the hand you were born to use. People who use their left hands are just starting to get better treatment. But why they get all these bad names in the first place? One reason may be that there are not as many left-handed people as there are right-handed people. There is one left-handed person for every five right-handed ones. People who are different are often thought to be wrong. But attitudes do seem to be changing. Fair-minded right-handed people are finally starting to give left-handed people a hand. \n Answer: He can use both his left hand and his right hand.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage lead us to believe when one writes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-017e06d657a1417dbc34e9e18c69c8bb",
            "input": "Article: Inside the pleasingly fragrant cafe, So All May Eat(SAME) in downtown Denver ,the spirit of generosity is instantly noticeable :A donation box stands in place of a cash register. Customers here pay only what they can afford, no questions asked. A risky business plan, perhaps, but SAME Cafe has done one unchangeable thing in the Mile High City for six years: Open only at midday, the restaurant provides poor local can instead volunteer as waiters and waitresses, and dishwashers, or took after the buildings and equipment for the cafe. \"It's based on trust, and it's working all right\" , says co-owner Brad Birky , who started the cafe in 2006. With his wife Libby. Previously volunteering at soup kitchens, the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served there. \"We wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where everyone felt comfortable ,regardless of their circumstances,\" Birky says. SAME's special lunch menu changes daily and most food materials are natural and grown by local farmers. The cafe now averages 65 to 70 customers (and eight volunteers) a day. And the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading. In early 2007,one volunteer who had cleared snow for his meals during the long winter said goodbye to the Birkys,\" He said he was going to New Orleans to help with the hurricane clear up,\" says Birky. 68.What can we learn about the soup kitchens the Birkys previously worked for? \n Answer: They offered low quality food.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the soup kitchens the Birkys prcviously worked for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e36163b2b6d1418aa5e4359072e9c6e6",
            "input": "Article: Inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist... Robert Hooke was all there and more. Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century. In the course of his work, he cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton, and the great architect, Christopher Wren. Hooke's early education began at home, under the guidance of his father. He entered Westminster School at the age of 13, and from there went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at he age of 28, he was named Curator of Experiments at the newly formed Royal Society of London- meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating  new experiments at the society's weekly meeting. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him! Watching living things through a microscope was one of his favourite pastimes . He invented a compound microscope  for this purpose. One day while observing a cork  under a microscope, he saw honeycomb-like structures. There were cells -the smallest units of life. In fact, it was Hooke who invented the term \"cell\" as the boxlike cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a monastery . Another achievement of Hooke's was his book Micrographia, which introduced the enormous potential  of the microscope. It contains fascinating drawings of the thing he saw under the microscope. The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity, light and combustion  that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theories on these phenomena . Hooke made valuable contributions to astronomy too. A crater  on the moon is named after him in honour of his services to this branch of science. \n Answer: He liked designing experiments.",
            "output": [
                "Which is the possible reason why Hooke accepted the job as Curator of Experiments?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c89694e3065949d6acacc1b7a7c6504a",
            "input": "Article: American teenager Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his sophomore year at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin class, he quickly changed his mind. \"I thought it (Mandarin) would be more beneficial than Latin,\" said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language. He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read Face book posts from his Chinese-speaking friends. While it'a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be a valuable thing in his career. \"Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power,\" he said. Many experts agree that proficiency in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy. \"People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing,'' said Marty Abbott, executive director of the American Council on the Teaching of  Foreign Languages. ''We're seeing it in all parts of the country.\" The number of students studying Mandarin in public schools nationwide in grades 7 through 12 grew from 20,000 in 2004-2005 to 60,000 three years later, according to the council's most recent survey. Abbott estimates that as many as 100,000 students are now studying Mandarin, in public and private schools, throughout the nation. She said the US government has considered Mandarin to be an \"important needs\" language and provides professional development programs for teachers. \"Our government wants to increase our language ability for national security and economic competitiveness,\" Abbott said. At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes established in many states. The Confucius Institute at the University of Texas in Dallas, founded in 2007, opens Confucius Classrooms at 11 local public and private schools where more than 700 students are learning Mandarin. \n Answer: To introduce the topic of the passage.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the writer mention Thomas in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e3c47a63f0d4468589f0ede61d662c5c",
            "input": "Article: In New York there are quite a few free museums for visitors. Below we explore New York's most impressive free ones. National Museum of the American Indian Focusing largely on Native American culture, this museum boasts over a million items, from crafts to traditional tools, all of which played a large part in Native American culture in past times. Located at 1 Bowling Green, the museum is free of charge. Open 10 a.m.~5p.m. Frid-Wed and 10 a.m.~8 p.m. Thurs, it's served by subway lines 4/5 to Bowling Green. Federal Hall A popular one for followers of American politics, Federal Hall is the original location of the US Customs House and the place where Washington took the oath of office in 1789 as the first US President. Today, this building is a premier example of classical architecture. Free of charge to visitors, the museum is located at 26 Wall St, which is accessible by subway lines 2/3/4/5 to Wall St. It's open from 9 a.m.~ 5 p.m. Mon-Fri. New York Academy of Medicine For the more intellectual, a trip to the New York Academy of Medicine is unmissable. With over 700,000 catalogued works, it's the world's second largest health library. Its biggest attraction, however, is the interesting medical equipment on display here, which is weird  but wonderfully original. Located at 1216 Fifth Ave at 103rdSt, it's free of charge to peruse. Open 9 a.m. ~ 5 p.m. Mon-Fri, it's served by subway line 6 to 103rdSt. Museum at Fashion Institute of Technology The museum contains a huge permanent collection which features 200 historically significant clothes and also features works by student exhibitions. With free talks and tours on offer, this museum is a great place without spending a cent. Located at Seventh Ave at 27the St by subway line 3, this free museum---undoubtedly the most fashionable one in New York --- is open Tues-Fri 12 a.m. ~8 p.m. and Sat 10 a.m.~ 5 p.m.. \n Answer: To 1 Bowling Green.",
            "output": [
                "If you are interested in Native American culture, where would you probably go?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87a7c4f1c92b4abebd947d9e331f2035",
            "input": "Article: One of the greatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience. This idea has inspired the award-winning photographer Andrew Zuckerman. He interviewed and took photos of fifty over-sixty-five-year-olds all over the world. His project explores various aspects of their lives. The photos and interviews are now available on our website. Click on the introductions to read the complete interviews. Let us now have a culture of peace. ----Federico Mayor Zaragoza, Spain Federico Mayor Zaragoza obtained a doctorate in pharmacy  from the Complutense University of Madrid in 1958. After many years spent in politics, he became Director-General of UNESCO in 1987. In 1999, he created the Foundation for a culture of Peace, of which he is now the president. In addition to many scientific publications, he has published four collections of poems and several books of essays. Writing is a discovery. ----Nadine Gordimer, South Africa Due to a weak heart, Nadine Gordimer attended school and university briefly. She read widely and began writing at an early age. She published her first short story at the age of fifteen, and has completed a large number of works, which have been translated into forty languages. In 1991, Gordimer won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Jazz is about the only form of art today. ----Dave Brubeck, USA Dave Brubeck studied music at the University of the Pacific and graduated in 1942. After World War Two he was encouraged to play jazz. In 1951, he recorded his first album . Brubeck's 1959 album has become a jazz standard. He received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.  For more figures CLICK HERE. \n Answer: Because their wisdom deserves to be passed on.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Andrew Zuckerman choose the fifty elders for his project?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8626f8f0e3064793b1efe3fe05245695",
            "input": "Article: The rise of multinational corporations  , global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR. Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, America's relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the world's top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate   planning activities, compared to about one-third of U.S. companies.It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR. Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? Firstly, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts   in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson--Marshall's U.S.employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather have about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country. Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN (Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word \"foreign\" would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign. \n Answer: Other countries have increased their efforts in public relations.",
            "output": [
                "What is the immediate cause of the downfall of America's public relations?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa7d83849579405f87feb4f64fec4387",
            "input": "Article: It is the so-called city of dreams that counts some of the greatest masters of music and art among its former inhabitants. And it seems Vienna still has plenty to feel proud of, as it has been named the best place to live in the world -- for the third year running. The Austrian capital, which was home to Mozart and Beethoven, and has a population of 1.7million, has the best living standards in the world, according to an annual quality of living survey. European cities represent more than half of the top 25 cities in the rankings, which are based on factors such as crime, food and climate. Zurich was ranked second, followed by Auckland, and Munich and Dusseldorf. But just one UK city makes it into the top fifty, with London coming in at 38th - one place up from last year and ahead of New York in 47th. Other UK cities, including Birmingham, Aberdeen, Glasgow and Belfast, crept into the top 100. This year, the survey included for the first time a list of the safest cities. Luxembourg topped the list, followed by Bern, Switzerland, Helsinki, Finland, and Zurich, Switzerland. London came 68th, joint with New York, highlighting the crime rates in the capital.  www.ks5u.com At the bottom of the 221-strong list, for the second year in a row, was Baghdad, in Iraq, which had the lowest standard of living and was ranked the least safe city by the Mercer survey. Slagin Parakatil, senior researcher at Mercer, said: \"European cities in general continue to have high standards of living, because they enjoy advanced and modern city services combined with high-class facilities. But London, high levels of unemployment and lack of confidence in political institutions make their future positions hard to predict.\" \n Answer: Zurich, Munich, London, Birmingham",
            "output": [
                "What is the right order of cities in this year's quality of living list?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-61370785d4254149af5ad5c46f9efc8f",
            "input": "Article: If there's one thing I' ve learned from my years of being a kid,  it' s that you have ZERO control over your own life. Ever since school ended, I haven' t had anything I' ve needed to do or anywhere I' ve needed to be.  As long as the air-conditioning  was working and the TV remote had batteries in it, I was ready for a relaxing summer holiday. But then, out of the blue, this happened - \" Pack your bags.  We' re going on a road trip ! \" Mom said excitedly. This isn't the first time Mom has sprung a trip on us without any warming. Last year on the first day of summer, she said we were going .to visit Aunt Loretta at the nursing home. It wasn't exactly my idea of a fun way to kick off the summer. One time when we visited Aunt Loretta, her roommate grasped me and wouldn't let me go until someone gave her a chocolate cookie ! Mom kept talking about going to the nursing home for a whole day, which made me worry a lot.  But at breakfast the next morning, she told us where we were really going - Disney World. I was very happy, because I was really worried about spending the whole week at the nursing home. So was Dad. But when my little brother, Danny, heard about the change he became very angry. Mom had talked up the Aunt Loretta trip so much that Danny was actually excited about going there. We ended up putting off our trip to Disney so we could visit Aunt Loretta. I tried to talk Mom into letting us do something normal, like going to a water park for the day, but she didn't want to hear it.  She said that spending a lot of time together in the car would be a \" bonding\"  experience for the whole family. \n Answer: Watch TV comfortably at home.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author prefer to do during his summer holidays?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fcafae955d2b4e958dd7b33f3ebbfafd",
            "input": "Article: You heard about the sign posted on a farm fence? Inside there was a big and mean   bull. The sign read, \"Don't attempt to cross this field unless you can do it in 9.9 seconds. The bull can do it in 10!\" Don't try to cross that field unless you are prepared! And isn't that the way it is in life? We have to be ready when the opportunity arises or else we will have little chance of success. Sixth-grade teacher Ms. Shelton believed in readiness. When she walked into the classroom on the first day and began writing words of an eighth-grade level on the blackboard, the students immediately said that the words were not at their level and they couldn't learn them. Their teacher insisted that they could and would learn these words. She said that she would never teach down to them. Ms. Shelton ended by saying that one of the students in the classroom could go on to greatness, maybe even be president someday, and she wanted them to prepare for that day. Ms. Shelton said those words many years ago. Little did she know that someday one of her students--Jesse Jackson--would take them seriously. She believed that if they were well prepared, they could achieve high goals. Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, \"People only see what they are prepared to see.\" If that's true, then it is also true that they only become what they are prepared to become. And a lot of life is just about getting ready. Think of today as a chance to prepare yourself for the exciting future you are looking for. Today is not wasted. If you desire more from life, you can use today as training. For you will experience only what you are prepared to experience. Something wonderful can happen. And you can use today to get ready for tomorrow. \n Answer: Because it is also true that they only become what they are prepared to become.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Ms. Shelton insist students could and would learn the words of an eighth-grade level?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a854bc8feb364b6c99ec864b1fe856a5",
            "input": "Article: Trying to leave work at the office is proving to be a challenge for many British workers,with research showing that heavy workloads,conflicts and bosses all make an appearance in dreams. Work-related issues are the number one topic featuring in dreams,with colleagues invading shut.eye time more than celebrities.More than 20 per cent surveyed admitted that they regularly dream about their boss.One in three dreams about work when they are stressed in their job and a quarter stated that they dream about a colleague if there was a conflict with them earlier that day. Of the 2,000 people surveyed,20 per cent dreamed more if they were under pressure or stressed.The research found that the average person dreams most nights,with only 12 per cent saying they never dream.However, dreams often leave people confused,with 52 per cent saying they do not make sense and 60 per cent wishing they could know what they mean. Commenting on the survey carried out by One Poll for Premier Inn hotels,dreams expert Davina MacKail said:\"Whether we are asleep or awake.a problem with a colleague or stress at work can really affect us.More than half of the nation stated that their dreams don't make sense so I have worked with Premier Inn to make a Dream Dictionary to help dreamers to understand why they dream what they do and what those dreams mean.\" A spokesman for Premier Inn said:\"It is really important to try to unwind after a hard day at work but that is easier said than done if something is playing on your mind.\" \n Answer: Their dreams involve work more than anything else.",
            "output": [
                "What Can we infer about the British workers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d81776ac43cc435abe3ae18c0b3d3e49",
            "input": "Article: Visitors were still paying 20 yuan to hug Lele and have their photos taken yesterday despite a ban that forbids any such sontact with a wild animal. The ban was introduced more than a week ago. \"The city zoo broke the law and should be prohibited,\" said an official at the State Forestry Administration. The administration notice last Monday clearly bans contact with wild or captive animals, the abuse of wild or captive animals for performance purposes and any improper business related to wild animal products. \"Close contact with the chimp is the only bit that breaks the ban and we will end that soon,\" said Beijing Zoo spokeswoman Ye Minxia yesterday. \"The chimpanzee performance can't stopped overnight as we have a contract with a company scheduled to terminate at the end of this year,\" she said. \"The zoo is negotiating with the company in the hope of terminating it sooner,\" Ye said. She refused to answer directly whether the chimp photo sessions were still ongoing yesterday, instead, saying. \"It's very likely we will cancel it tomorrow.\" Zoo staff confirmed photos were taken yesterday, one employee saying 2-year-old Lele \"works\" form 10am to 3pm daily, according to the Leagl Mirror. Such activities not only damage the mental and physical health of the animals, but also risk the safety of visitors, according to the official website of the State Forestry Administration where the notice was released. \"A pet male chimpanzee bit and attacked 55-year-old Chala Nash, causing serious injuries to her face, neck and hands at her friend's home in Stamfor, Connecticut on February 16th last year,\" CNN reported. The friend, Sandra Herold, called the police, who shot 14-year-old Travis many times after he also attacked an officer.\" \"Putting a blue T-shirt on a wild animal and training it to bare its teeth and parade for visitors might not enhance that already-troubled image of Chinese animal protection,\" the State Forestry official warned. \"Some zoos even hit animals and promote themselves with commercials involving animal abuse, \" he said. \"Too much focus on the profits too often results in improper treatment of animals, contributing to their early and unnatural deaths,\" the notice stated. \n Answer: In newspapers.",
            "output": [
                "Where can people most probably find the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0bfca98d3ced43019f4f2ead4d40c557",
            "input": "Article: The Spotlight  in Rio Phelps puts spotlight on cupping Olympic gold medalist Michael Phelps fed American swimmers to 8 gold medals in the 4x100-meter relay, but what grabbed media attention and led to stories and photos around the globe were the purple and red circles on his back. Michael Phelps of the USA is seen with red cupping marks on his shoulder as he competes during the 2016 Rio Olympics men's 200m butterfly in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil , Aug 8,2016 . Chinese swimmer Fu Yuanhui goes viral China's women's swimmer Fu Yuanhui has created a hit online not just by winning the bronze medal in the 100m backstroke competition, but also by her facial expressions during the post semi-final interview with China Central Television (CCTV) on Monday . When asked whether she held back for the final, Fu replied, \"No, I used my 'prehistorical power'.What she meant was that she had spared no efforts in the semi-final.Since then, the so-called \"prehistorical power\" has gone viral and become a new Internet meme. Britain wins first Olympic diving gold in men's synchronized 3m springboard( 3 ) Britain's Jack Laugher and Chris Mears ended China's gold medal monopoly over diving events at the Rio Olympics by winning the men's synchronized 3m springboard final On Wednesday, the country's first-ever Olympic gold medal in diving . Laugher and Mears finished with a six-round total of 454.32 points, just 4.11 points ahead of silver medallists Mike Hixon and Sam Dorman of the USA at the Maria Lenk Aquatics Center.China's Cao Yuan and Qin Kai took the bronze with 443.70 points. \n Answer: His achievements he made in the men's 200rn butterfly.",
            "output": [
                "What attracted media attention with Phelps' winning the gold medal ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c067b5956b054574bf653912566b7f04",
            "input": "Article: YOU'VE lost your keys and your parents are both busy. If you had to ask one of them for help, whom would you pick?   Before you give your answer, you should probably know that a new study found that women are better than men at multitasking  , especially if one of those tasks is searching for a lost item. That should help you choose.   In the study, a team of UK researchers compared the performances of 120women and 120men in  a computer game involving tasks of counting and shape-recognition  Men and women were equally capable when tasks were  handled one at a time. But when the tasks started switching quickly , men responded c) much slower than women. To make the experiment more  relevant to everyday life, researchers tried a second test. A group of women and men were asked to complete a series of \"everyday challenges\" such as finding restaurants on a map and searching for a lost key in a field. Once again, women outperformed men on the test, particularly in the key-searching task. \"It suggests that- in a stressed and complex situation - women are more able to stop and think about what's going on in front of them,'' researcher Keith Law of the University of Hertfordshire, UK, told the BBC,[ln contrast,] men had a slight impulsiveness ;they jumped in too quickly\" But where did women get the ability to keep organized under pressure? Researchers believe that it has its roots in evolution ,In early human communities, women had to keep an eye on children while cooking meals. Meanwhile, men only needed to focus on hunting. Men might not be happy about this study. After all, many great pilots are men and they have to deal with lots of information at the same time too. This is true, and researchers have their response. \"[We don't mean]that all men can't multitask, or that only women can,\" said Laws.[We are saying that] the average woman is better able to organize her time and switch  between tasks than the average man. There's no point denying these differences exist.\" \n Answer: To explain why women are generally better at daily tasks than men are.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's purpose in writing this article ?    ."
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-087fce1ebcfa41b4b064fd465dc9f054",
            "input": "Article: The forces that make Japan one of the world's most earthquake-prone  countries could become part of its long-term energy solution. Water from deep below the ground at Japan's tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity. Although Japanese high-tech companies are leaders in geothermal  technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation. \"Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy,\" said Yoshiyasu Takefuji, a leading researcher of thermal-electric power production. The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 percent of Japan's energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which account for only 8 percent. Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy, following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs. For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power. The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan's potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden. \"We can't even dig 10cm inside national parks.\" said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric, adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow. Researcher Hideaki Matsui said, \"Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades-long project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.\" The Earth Policy Institute in Washington, US, believed Japan could produce 80,000 megawatts and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology. Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology, with a 70 percent market share.In 2010, Fuji Electric built the world's largest geothermal factory in New Zealand. \n Answer: Japan thinks of geothermal energy",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7475ff2f7ba84486981ef223e1723bc4",
            "input": "Article: For many men, the idea that they have a better sense of direction than women has been improved by a scientific study. Researchers from Norway scanned on the brains of volunteers as they completed navigation   tasks to discover men are more skillful at finding their way because they use a separate part of their brain. According to lead researcher Dr. Cal Pintzka from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), men and women have different navigational strategies. Med use basic directions--the use of north, south, east and west--during navigation to a greater degree. Men's sense of direction was more effective. They quite simply got to their destination faster. \"If they're going to the Students Society building in Trodheim, for example, men usually go into the general direction where it is located.\" Dr. Pintzka explained. Women usually orient   themselves along a route to get there, for example, go past the hairdresser and then up the street and turn right after the shore. The study shows that using the basic directions is more efficient because it is a more flexible strategy. The destination can be reached faster because the strategy depends less on where you start. Meanwhile, the study also shows both men and women use large areas of the brain when they navigate, but some areas were different. The man used the hippocampus   more, whereas women use their frontal areas to a greater extent. That degrees with the fact that the hippocampus is necessary to make use of basic directions. Losing one's sense of direction is one of the first symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. Understanding how men and women use different brain areas and strategies to navigate, researchers will be able to enhance the understand of the disease's development, and develop coping strategies for those already affected. \n Answer: They use a separate part of their brain.",
            "output": [
                "How are men different from women in navigation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c3c8ac59b6104c5aa90cf86740ad4af9",
            "input": "Article: Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is perhaps the most famous portrait in the world, but now some suspect that the woman with the mysterious smile may not be a woman after all. They are suggesting that the Mona Lisa may be a self- portrait, da Vinci in drag  . Italy's National Committee for Cultural Heritage (INCCH) is carrying out the research. They think the artist, who died in 1519, was buried at a French castle and they plan to dig up his body. Using CSI-style technology, they want to rebuild da Vinci's face. Jason Rosenfeld, a member of INCCH, says, \" It shows the reason why we preserved Einstein's brain or King Tut's mummy  , which throws light on the problem we are working on.\" \"Now we want to get the body of Leonardo. We want to see what he died of, we want to see his DNA, we want to see the size of his head, and what his facial feature were like, so we can know whether this was a self-portrait.\" The Mona Lisa was painted around 500 years ago. Beyond that, we know almost nothing about the painting that is now on display at the Louvre in Paris. But will the exhumation   discover the truth behind the Mona Lisa? Not likely, according to Rosenfeld. \"If the French government really wants to help find out what this is about, what they should do is allow us to clean the Mona Lisa. We will learn much more from it and understand it better if we are allowed to clean the painting than by digging up a body.\" \n Answer: The INCCH will learn more if allowed to clean the Mona Lisa painting.",
            "output": [
                "What can be learnt from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fec7142b4c4343a0a6ed12c5bc127efb",
            "input": "Article: Global Architecture Business Development Director  The person filling this position will develop the company's development plan and supervise the expansion of the business.Candidates should be able to have a background in successful business planning. JOB DESCRIPTION Responsible for managing external contracts and relationships with local businesses and the local government offices.Responsible for evaluating the success of projects and services. QUALIFICATIONS,TRAINING and EXPERIENCE A degree in business management.Minimum of five years' relevant experience,preferably managing a multi-functional team.Excellent sales, negotiation and interpersonal skills are key requirements of the job.Strong numerical and analytical ability and a solid grasp of computer spreadsheet applications are essential. Personnel management required.Good communication skills are essential,both written and verbal.Must be willing to travel. Send cover letter and resume to: Marko Cerise Human Relations Manager Global Architecture Associates Dear Mr. Cerise,  I read your job advertisement in Professional Monthly and believe that I am well suited to fill the position. For the past 6 years I have been working as the regional promotions manager for a national chain of book stores. In this position,1 was responsible for supervising a team of six promotions and marketing staff.It was my responsibility to plan the sales events and promotional campaigns,and produce evaluation reports on the efficacy of each campaign.The position involved regular visits to each of the nine branches in the area,so I am used to spending a significant part of my working week on the road. A big part of  the job was communicating with both senior management and individual store managers to ensure that new product lines were appropriately supported and within budget targets.I have found working in this position to be very rewarding but 1 feel I am ready for a change and look forward to facing new challenges. In respect to my current position,1 would be willing to start within one month of receiving a job offer. For further employment and educational details please see the accompanying resum. Sincerely, Jennifer Dankert \n Answer: Marketing.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of work is advertised?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4c5433e9675a458082e92070b87709ac",
            "input": "Article: When I was fifteen, I announced to my English class that I was going to write and illustrate my own books. Half the students sneered. The rest nearly fell out of their chairs laughing. \"Don't be silly, only geniuses can become writers,\" the English teacher said, \"And you are getting a D this semester.\" I was so humiliated  that I burst into tears. That night I wrote a short sad poem about broken dreams and mailed it to the Capri's Weekly newspaper. To my astonishment, they published it and sent me two dollars. I was a published and paid writer. I showed it to my teacher and fellow students. They laughed. \"Just plain dumb luck,\" the teacher said. I tasted success. I'd sold the first thing I'd ever written. That was more than any of them had done and if it was just dumb luck, that was fine with me. During the next two years I sold dozens of poems, letters, jokes and recipes. By the time I graduated from high school, with a C minus average, I had scrapbooks filled with my published work. I never mentioned my writing to my teachers, friends or my family again. They were dream killers and if people must choose between their friends and their dreams, they must always choose their dreams. I had four children at the time, and the oldest was only four. While the children slept, I typed on my ancient typewriter. I wrote what I felt. It took nine months, just like a baby. A month later Crying Wind, the title of my book, became a best seller, was translated into fifteen languages and Braille and sold worldwide. I appeared on TV talk shows. I traveled from New York to California and Canada on promotional tours. My first book also became required reading in native American schools in Canada. People ask what college I attended, what degrees I had and what qualifications I have to be a writer. The answer is: \"None.\" I just write. I'm not a genius. I'm not gifted and I don't write right. To all those who dream of writing, I'm shouting at you: \"Yes, you can. Yes, you can. Don't listen to them.\" I don't write right but I've beaten the odds. Writing is easy, it's fun and anyone can do it. Of course, a little dumb luck doesn't hurt. \n Answer: Because they felt it impossible for him to succeed",
            "output": [
                "Why did many students laugh after hearing what the writer said?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a178d4c7f8f34680b01da2fb14edafc0",
            "input": "Article: When you are traveling in Thailand,which means of transport is the best choice? You can rent a variety of motorbikes or bikes in Thailand.It seems to be very popular in most of the beaches and islands along the places in the north.The most popular bikes are the little 125 cc Honda Dream which you can get for about 150 baht a day or as little as 3,000 baht per month,making it the cheapest way to tour Thailand for the people from other countries. Sometimes you will have to go somewhere by taxi.When you are in cities in Thailand,especially in Bangkok,always remember to get a taxi that is going on the roads.Some drivers outside hotels refuse to use the milometer .They will ask a price which is several times the price when they use the meter! The quality of the roads in Thailand is generally pretty good,so renting cars is another way to get around.The big car rental companies may offer you slightly older cars at a very reasonable price.It is a little surprising considering that the cost of buying a car in Thailand is more than that in the West.Petrol is also reasonably priced in Thailand,more expensive than American prices,but much cheaper than what is paid in Europe.In the past,Bangkok could be a difficult place to drive in--signs were generally in Thai only,making it a hard job to find exactly where you were by looking around.But now,the situation is improved.In a lot of places,even the farthest corners of the country,street signs are in both Thai and English. \n Answer: To take a taxi driving on the road.",
            "output": [
                "What is the writer's advice about taking a taxi in Thailand?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6ce79ed638174a04acde5046d0cfde76",
            "input": "Article: I give two examples as to why intelligent life may not actually exist, though I admit that for me, or even for a physicist who devoted his or her entire life to researching and studying the universe, it's shocking to claim that completely no life exists elsewhere. Keeping that in mind, I'd just like to consider conditions elsewhere in the known universe. You really only need to look at our own solar system or the Earth at certain periods in its own history to appreciate that most places are much worse and much less suitable for life than our mild, watery globe. So far, space scientists have discovered about seventy planets outside the solar. But it appears that if you wish to have a planet suitable for life, you just have to be very lucky, and the more advanced the life is, the luckier you'll have to be. I'm by no means a space observer, but I can recognize some particularly fortunate breaks we've had on the Earth. For example: We are, to a degree, at the right distance from the perfect type of star, the one that is big enough to radiate a huge amount of energy, but not so big as to bum itself out quickly. Had our sun been ten times as huge, it would have burnt out completely after only ten million years, instead of ten billion and surely we would not exist. Too near, everything on the Earth would have boiled and withered away; any further, everything would have frozen over. The universe is a surprising place, and our existence within it is a wonder. If a long and unimaginably complex sequence of events dating back 4.6 billion years or so hadn't happened in a particular manner at a particular time --if, to take just one example, the dinosaurs hadn't been wiped out by a meteor --we might still be a few centimeters long, with whisker  and a tail, and you'll be reading this in a cave somewhere. \n Answer: No Life Exists out of the Earth",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-931e33deabe44d6aabeb5f6769ec1527",
            "input": "Article: Animals are a favorite subject of many photographers. Cats, dogs, and other pets top the list, followed by zoo animals. However, because it's hard to get them to sit still and \"perform on command,\" some professional photographers refuse to photograph pets.               One way to get an appealing portrait of a cat or dog is to hold a biscuit or treat above the camera. The animal's longing look toward the food will be captured by the camera, but the treat won't appear in the picture because it's out of the camera's range. When you show the picture to your friends afterwards, they'll be impressed by your pet's loving expression. If you are using fast film, you can take some good, quick shots of a pet by simply snapping a picture right after calling its name. You'll get a different expression from your pet using this technique. Depending on your pet's mood, the picture will capture an interested, curious expression or possibly a look of annoyance, especially if you've awakened it from a nap. Taking pictures of zoo animals requires a little more patience. After all, you can't wake up a lion! You may have to wait for a while until the animal does something interesting or moves into a position for you to get a good shot. When photographing zoo animals, don't get too close to the cages, and never tap on the glass or throw things between the bars of a cage. Concentrate on shooting some good pictures, and always respect the animals you are photographing. \n Answer: Pets may not follow orders.",
            "output": [
                "Why do some professional photographers NOT like to take pictures of pets?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fedc40c24e1c47dfa3740751085df3ce",
            "input": "Article: Qixi Festival, the Chinese equivalent of Valentine's Day that fell yesterday, was not only a disappointment for forgotten lovers, but also for businessmen left with empty pockets. The cold reception has prompted cultural experts to seriously worry that the lovers' festival, marked for generations since the Han Dynasty(206 BC-AD 220),is dying out. Some have even called for legislation to make the festival a legal --Chinese Lovers' Day, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh month of the lunar year. But the effectiveness of such a measure is in doubt, although efforts to preserve traditional festivals deserve highly praise. A growing number of traditional Chinese festivals, such as the Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, share the same fate of the Qixi Festival. Young people are showing less interest in traditional culture as symbolized by these festivals.Even if all traditional festivals are finally made legal, the risk of them becoming purely formalized celebrations with little meaning is not removed.If the younger generation fails to identify with the cultural significance of these holidays, there is little that can be done. While complaining about traditional festivals' fading appeal, decision-makers should reflect on cultural protection. Undeniably, our country has done a bad job of preserving culture and traditional festivals, compared to neighbouring Japan and the Republic of Korea(ROK). The 2,500-year-old Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. The traditional customs and ceremonies of the occasion, which originated in China, have been better preserved in the ROK. Only a few years ago did China begin to realize the significance of preserving intangible cultural heritage when the ROK planned to apply to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to list its version of the Dragon Boat Festival as an important example of intangible culture. Concern about the traditional holidays also reminds people of the growing influence of foreign cultures as the country opens wider to the outside world. With traditional festivals becoming less important and imports such as Christmas and Valentine's Day gaining widespread popularity, the public including cultural professionals have tended to measure traditional Chinese festivals in economic terms. Business rather than culture has begun to play a dominant role. More and more people are preoccupied with how much money can be made during the holidays. In fact what makes traditional festivals unique and what keeps them alive is their cultural elements. After all, it is unique culture that contributes to the world's diversity with globalization. \n Answer: The cold reacting of the public to Qixi Festival.",
            "output": [
                "What makes Chinese cultural experts worry that the lovers' festival is dying out?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-22c3301f5e1e4672945d390823ae7fc8",
            "input": "Article: When I was a high school student , mathematics looked like a big hurdle for me and several of my classmates.When we reached the ninth class, we got Mr. Iyer, a strict maths teacher who was also our class teacher.He always stuck to his discipline.We had to arrive on time, pay undivided attention to his lectures, and dared not neglect any of h is homework. Even so, as our class teacher, we got to know him better.Noticing some of us fidgeting one day as the mid -term exams approached, he stopped solving a mathematical problem to ask us why.\" There' s too much to do,\" we sighed.\"We're afraid we'll never manage to finish our revision before the exams.\" \"Nothing is impossible,\" Mr. Iyer told us. \"This classroom is on the second floor. Do you have a problem reaching here ?\" We reacted with blank stares. \"No, you don' t !\"he said , answering his own question.\"You have a staircase to help you climb up to this level.No one expects you to make it in two giant leaps.You simply take one step at a time.Any task can be solved if you focus on the immediate action to be taken.The rest w ill take care of itself, if you keep at it.One step at a time.That' s the secret.\" Then he wrote down an o ld motto on the blackboard --the longest journey starts with a single step.Having heard his staircase analogy , w e understood why he asked us the question and we saw him in a new light. Most of my classmates scored distinctions in maths.And I went on to become an English teacher.To this day , whenever I pass on Mr.Iyer's invaluable advice to my own students , they brighten up at the prospect of a lighter academic burden. \n Answer: Because they first thought reaching the second floor had no connection with the worry.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author and his classmates react with blank stares ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cbb0c837cc3c4d788c97c130ffbfc337",
            "input": "Article: Every year thousands of tourists visit Pompeii, Italy. They see the sights that Pompeii is famous for-its stadium and theatres, its shops and restaurants. The tourists do not, however, see Pompeii's people. They do not see them because Pompeii has no people. No one has lived in Pompeii for almost 2000 years. Once, Pompeii was a busy city of 22,000 people. It lay at the foot of Mount Vesuvius, a grass-covered volcano. Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt safe, But they were not. In August of AD 79 , Mount Vesuvius erupted. The entire top of the mountain exploded, and a huge black cloud rose into the air. Soon stones and hot ash began to fall on Pompeii . When the eruption ended , Pompeii was hurried under 20 feet of stones and ashes. Almost all of its people were dead. For centuries, Pompeii lay buried under stone and ash. Then, in the year 1861,an Italian scientist named Ginseppe began to uncover Pompeii. Slowly, carefully, Ginseppe and his men dug. The city looked almost the same as it had looked in AD79 , There  were streets and fountains, houses and shops, There was a stadium with 20,000 seats , Perhaps the most important of all, there were everyday objects, which tell us a great deal about the people who lived in Pompeii. Many glasses and jars had some dark blue color in the bottom, so we know that the people of Pompeii liked wine, They liked bread, too; metal bread pans were in the bakery .In one bakery there were 81 round , flat loaves of bread -a type of bread that is still sold in Italy today . Tiny boxes filled with a dark, shiny powder tell us that women liked to wear eye-makeup. \n Answer: To see how Pompeians lived",
            "output": [
                "Why do large numbers of people come to Pompeii each year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-13da1ab8fb3a4f28b7e156b926b0f903",
            "input": "Article: Children who grow up in households where books are plentiful go further in school than those without books, a new study finds. This book benefit was seen across countries, and held regardless of the parent's educational back-ground, father's occupation or the political system of the country, the researchers say. The results, based on data from 73,249 people living in 27 countries, including the United States, show that having a 500-book library boosted a child's education by 3.2 years on average. \"You get a great effect for your books,\" said study researcher Mariah Evans, a sociologist at the University of Nevada, Reno. \"It's quite a good return-on-investment in a time of scarce resources.\" For years, educators have thought the strongest predictor of attaining high levels of education was having parents who were highly educated. But according to the findings, a good-sized book library is just as good as university-educated parents in terms of increasing education level. \"Even a little bit goes a long way,\" in terms of the number of books in a home, Evans said. Having as few as 20 books in the home still has a significant impact on propelling a child to a higher level of education, and the more books are added, the greater the benefit. In some countries, such as China, having 500 or more books in the home propels children 6. 6 years further in their education. In the United States, the effect is less, 2.4 years. But, Evans points out that 2.4 years is still a significant advantage in terms of educational achievement. For example, Americans who have some college or an associate's degree, but not a bachelor's degree, earn an average of $ 7,213 more annually than those with just a high school education. Those who attain a bachelor's degree earn $ 21,185 more each year, on average, than those with just high school diplomas. Having books in the home is twice as important as the father's education level, and more important than whether a child was educated in China or the United States. \n Answer: To show the importance of books in the home.",
            "output": [
                "What was the author's purpose of writing the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0d0a53f69db74a1f839b355417f983da",
            "input": "Article: Chopsticks Brothers, China's Internet singing stars, will sing their hit Little Apple at the 2014 American Music Awards. Chopsticks Brothers are known as director Xiao Yang and musician Wang Taili. They played a middle-aged singing group in the film Old Boys: The Way of the Dragon. In the film, they sang Little Apple when they took part in an American music talent show and they succeeded. Now, life is following art. Chopsticks Brothers will really go to America to sing their song. They will join well-known singers including Taylor Swift. \"I did not expect the _ in our film to come true in real life,\" Xiao Yang said during an interview. \"It doesn't seem real. This is another story of dreams coming true for 'old boys',\" said Wang Taili. This is the first time a Chinese Internet song will be on the international stage. Little Apple has been more and more popular on China's Internet. Its MP3 received 579 million hits. And people have watched the music videos 823 million times on China's Internet. The song has had at least 500 million listeners around the world. China's famous singer and songwriter Liu Huan said he liked Little Apple during an interview. \"Everybody's singing and dancing with Little Apple and I think that's a good phenomenon  . And I'm glad I can see Taylor Swift and Chinese singers sing on the same stage.\" \n Answer: They will play a singing group in the film Old Boys: The Way of the Dragon",
            "output": [
                "What will Chopsticks Brothers do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-446b10b36b86494f857ea94f4c2cf21c",
            "input": "Article: Summer Posts Once again we require 10 excellent TEFL Teachers for our summer program. Large thriving  Arels- Felco school offers special package to qualified, TEFL experienced teachers.$1,500 and free accommodation for 200 hours teaching from 2 July-24August. Overtime available. Good Possibility of longer term and permanent posts. Shorter contracts available. Letters of application and C.V. to Teacher Recruitment  (Dept. E),prefix = st1 /ChurchillHouseSchool,40-42 Spencer Square,Ramsgate,KentCT11 9LD. Fax: (0843)584827. Established 20 years. Recognized by the British Council. \n Answer: All the above.",
            "output": [
                "What does \"package\" in the advertisement refer to ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-36152a51a5614444b1e66be0cade6d3f",
            "input": "Article: Read the advertisements, and then choose the best answers. Driver Wanted 1. Clean driving license  2. Must be of smart appearance. 3. Aged over 25. Apply to :Capes Taxis, 17 Palace Road, Boston Air Hostesses for International Flight Wanted 1. Applicants  must be between 20 and 33 years old. 2. Height 1.6m to 1.75m. 3. Education to GCSE standard. 4. Two languages. 5. Must be able to swim. Apply to: Recruitment office, Southern Airlines, Heathrow Airport West HR37KK Teachers Needed For private language school. Teaching experience unnecessary. Apply to: The Director of Studies, Instant Language Ltd, 279 Canal Street \n Answer: Punished for speeding and wrong parking.",
            "output": [
                "What prevent Jack, an experienced taxi driver, working for Capes Taxis?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-30732cf7cc4b4baab857c9bd6cb2b8e8",
            "input": "Article: One of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift. Unlike other gifts, it came without wrap . On September 11th, 1958, mum gave birth to Richard. After she brought him home from hospital, she put him in my arms, saying, \"I promised you a gift, and here it is.\" What an honor! I became four years old a month earlier and none of my friends had such a baby doll of their own. I played with it day and night. I sang to it. I told stories. I told it again and again how much I loved it! One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My doll was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept  and told me that the poor little thing had been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days, I heard mum and dad whispering such words as \"hopeless\", \"pitiful\"and \"dying\", and all these words sounded _  Christmas was coming. \"Don't expect any presents this year,\" Dad said, pointing at the socks I hung in the living rooms. \"If your baby brother lives, that'll be Christmas enough.\" As he spoke, his eyes filled with tears. I had never seen him cry before. The phone rang early on Christmas morning. Dad jumped out of bed to answer it. From my bedroom I heard him say, \"What? He's all right?\"He hung up and shouted upstairs. \"The hospital said we can bring Richard home!\" \"Thank God!\" I heard mum cry. From the upstairs window, I watched my parents rush out to the car. I had never seen them so happy. And I was also full of joy. What a wonderful day! My baby doll would be home. I ran downstairs. My socks still hung there flat. But I knew they were not empty:they were filled with love! \n Answer: He got a baby brother.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the author on September 11th, 1958?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e47eefd338d5435196a6626b748408d7",
            "input": "Article: If Frida Kahlo (1907-1954) is today one of the best-known and most popular figures of 20th-century Mexican art, it is undoubtedly because of her personality and the originality of a body of works. Her work is, above all, the expression of a life -- a tragic and stormy life, one that challenged all conventions. The mere mention of her name excites enthusiasm and admiration, but her work is rarely exhibited, and has not been shown in France for fifteen years. The selection to go on show at the Musee de l'Orangerie includes major works by the artist, with masterpieces from the Museo Dolores Olmedo. The life and work of Frida Kahlo cannot be separated from those of her companion Diego Rivera (1886-1957). Together they became figures of legend , and both have a place in the pantheon of 20th-century Mexican artists. Famous for his large wall paintings, Rivera's easel paintings, drawings and prints, which form a large part of his artistic production, are less well-known to the public in Europe. The exhibition aims to trace his artistic career from the early Cubist images, revealing his links with the Paris artists whose works are a key element in the Orangerie collections, to the paintings that established him as the founder of the 20th-century school of Mexican art. His travels throughout Europe influenced his vision and his skills without ever distancing him from his roots, thus confirming his place in history as the founder of the nationalist school. The exhibition devoted to the legendary couple Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo presents their works together, as if to confirm the impossibility of their divorce that was in fact finalised but reconsidered after just one year apart. It also gives us a better view of their respective artistic worlds, so different and yet so complementary , through the deep-rooted attachment they shared to their country. \n Answer: Authentic but ordinary.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best describes Frida Kahlo's work?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-205b85ea994a468cbeb43e7755cec431",
            "input": "Article: A man steps on what seems like solid ground but discovers with horror that the ground is _ beneath his feet. The man struggles desperately, but he is trapped. He cannot escape. Slowly he sinks deeper and deeper until at last he is gone, buried in the treacherous earth. The solid ground was solid only in appearance. It was actually quicksand, which is a deep mass of fine sand mixed with water. How is quicksand formed? Water pushes up from below the surface and is held by the sand. The grains of sand are forced apart by the water. They cannot hold any weight. The subsurface water may have come from a spring, a river or a stream. Sometimes pools of water near beaches become filled with sand. When the soil under these pools does not allow for good drainage , the sand can become stretches of quicksand. Is it true that a man who steps into quicksand is doomed to  die? No, for men have fought their way from quicksand to firm land again. It is panic  that creates the condition that can result in death, for the more a person struggles, the worse matters become. Quick movements will make the sand give way temporarily , but then it rushes and settles solidly around the body. A man trapped in quicksand should either lie back, or not move at all, except to stretch out his arms. When the weight of the sand his body has displaced equals his weight, he will stop sinking. With feet held still, and with slow movements of the arms, as in the backstroke in swimming men can manage to roll to safety and reach firm ground. \n Answer: A piece of sinking land in the water.",
            "output": [
                "What is quicksand?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-510e0363c6cf4f88b3e935df706c84cd",
            "input": "Article: Many Western people are not used to sitting on the floor any more. In Japan, however, sitting upright on the floor is common in different situations. For example, meals are traditionally had when people sit on the tatami   floor around a low table. Also during the tea ceremony and other traditional events, one sits on the floor. The formal way of sitting for both men and women is kneeling upright. People who are not used to sitting in this style may feel uncomfortable after a few minutes, and their legs may go numb. However, foreigners are not usually expected to be able to sit in this style for a long time, and an increasing number of Japanese people themselves aren't able to do so, owing to a more westernized lifestyle. In other situations, men usually sit cross-legged, while women sit on their knees laying both legs to one side. The former sitting style is considered wholly male, while the latter is considered completely female. The most important guest sits on the honored seat which is set farthest from the entrance. If there is a tokonoma   in the room, the guest should be seated in front of it. The host or the least important person is supposed to sit next to the entrance. Of course, there are other things to be considered in each particular case. \n Answer: When meals are traditionally had.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following situations is NOT mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3ef1d7c4644b4fbe9010cfc16e551eca",
            "input": "Article: I woke up late and had breakfast in a hurry. I had never been late and didn't want my boss to be unsatisfied. However, it seemed that day wasn't a lucky one for me from the very second I left my flat. The moment I wanted to rush downstairs one of my stiletto heels   broke. I had to return to change my red shoes. I also had to change my purse and other little things that I had tried to match with the shoes. I was sure I would be late for work. On my way to work I had to wait for over half an hour because of an accident. I had no choice but to wait. I phoned my boss and he told me that it was no problem, but he needed me for the meeting with the Japanese clients   that morning. Finally, I arrived at the office one hour later. I had to keep calm and be fresh for the meeting to make the clients sure that our plan was the best for their future commercial   project. However, I left the plan I had made the night before at home and was going to present   it to the clients. I was about to get angry when I realized that I had a draft   of it in my office. At last, the presentation came to an end and it turned out to be a success. But I have to say that I had a terrible day, full of incidents  . \n Answer: She had a traffic accident on the way to work.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the reason of the writer being late for her work?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b8e007f31bc1483692ba513d6009cf51",
            "input": "Article: Rock House Museum Take a journey through history with a visit to the exciting museum and historic sites of Wytheville . The Rock House Museum offers glimpses into daily life in the 19th century . The museum is part of the 50 structures featured in Wytheville's Historic Walking Tour . 540/233-3330 . Grand Caverns Grand Caverns is America's oldest cave . Beautiful and massive formations . Union troops visited the caverns . Thomas Jefferson visited--you should , too ! Open weekends in March , daily April--October , 9 a.m.--5 p.m. Hour tours leave every 30 minutes . 703/249-5705 . The News Museum The News Museum in Arlington is the world's only interactive museum of news . Visitors can be reporters or television newscasters , see today's news as it happens on a block-long video news wall , and be taken behind the scenes to see how news is made . The News museum is open Wednesday through Sunday from 10 a. m.--5 p. m. You can visitwww. News museum .Org . Kenmore Plantation & Gardens Kenmore Plantation & Gardens has over two hundred years of history from the Revolutionary War , Civil War and into the 21st century . Home of Betty Washington , George Washington's only sister , and Patriot Col. Fielding Lewis . Explore this historic building and city block of restored gardens . Tea and ginger cookies served . 540/373-3381 . Virginia Beach Virginia Beach offers 11 000 hotel / motel rooms , plus cottages and campgrounds . Enjoy miles of clean beaches and a variety of family attractions . Fine restaurants , various shopping areas , exciting nightlife , and special events are offered throughout the year . 800/822-3224 . \n Answer: To attract tourists to Virginia .",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's purpose in writing this passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-21a1c1d7e9bd4fd5912b4f7cb12df361",
            "input": "Article: The British Museum Description:     The British Museum is a museum in London, which is one of the world's greatest museums of human history and culture. Its collections, which number more than 13 million objects, are amongst the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. The British Museum was established in 1753, largely based on the collections of the physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane. The museum first opened to the public on 15 January 1759 in Montagu House in Bloomsbury, on the site of the current museum building. Its expansion over the following two and a half centuries was largely a result of an expanding British colonial footprint and has resulted in the creation of several branch institutions. Until 1997, when the British Library (previously centered on the Round Reading Room)moved to a new site, the British Museum housed both a national museum of antiquities and a national library in the same building. The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Since 2002 the director of the museum has been Neil MacGregor. Admission and opening hours: The museum is open every day from 10am to 6pm (Fridays 10am to 5:30pm)and it charges no admission fee, except for loan exhibitions. How to get there: By train: 7:00-18:30 every day.     By Underground: 8:00-18:30 every day.     By bus: 7:30-18:30 every day.     By coach: 7:00--19:30 every day.     Nearest underground stations:     Tottenham Court Road (500m)     Holborn (500m)     Russell Square (800m) \n Answer: In 1759.",
            "output": [
                "When was the British Museum opened to the public for the first time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb32264b233743a79cb28c81808d1190",
            "input": "Article: The phenomenon is becoming more and more popular that human beings have developed a closely relationship with the most dangerous of animals-Kevin Richardson treats lions like kitty cats,Andre Hartman has a special bond with Great White Sharks and now there is 79year old Werner Freund who has spent the last 40 years of his life in the company of wolves. While details about how and why the former paratrooper  became attached to these beautiful wild animals are a little summary,he has been tending them in his 25acre Wolvespark located in the German province of Saarland,since 1972.While he currently has a group of 29,over the years he has raised almost 70 wolves belonging to all breeds  ranging from Siberian to Arctic,Canadian,European and even,Mongolian.The wolves treat Werner as if he were one of their own.They nuzzle  against him,play with him and are generally sheeplike when he is around,just like they would be around a head wolf! This,however,is not accidental-It is a position that Werner works on establishing and maintaining with a simple act,every single day-Whenever it's feeding time,he calls his wolves to come for the raw meat by howling.As the hungry animals rush to get their food,they are always met with this scene-Werner sinking his teeth into the raw meat first.While this may sound a little rude,that is how the position of hierarchy  is established in the animal world.It is always the leader male that gets the first meal and only when he signals,can the rest join in.Werner's wolves know this rule quite well and never challenge his authority. While wolves,the largest member of the dog family,are believed to be dangerous,they rarely attack humans.Werner says that in reality,they are beautiful gentle souls,whose reputation has been tarnished,by fairy tales like Red Riding Hood! \n Answer: Human beings can get along well with animals",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-67ea9a0167af45b3af02b4674c571942",
            "input": "Article: Forty years ago, Finland was a small country with mediocre public schools. Today, Finland is still small but no one calls Finland's public schools mediocre any more. In 2000, the Finns surprised the world when their 15-year-olds scored at the top of a closely watched international exam called the PISA. Finland has stayed near the top ever since, while the U.S. scores around the middle. Pasi Sahlberg, an official with Finland's Ministry of Education and Culture, is in Seattle this week to share the story of Finland's success, and what states like Washington can learn from it. Sahlberg's message, although he is too polite to put it so bluntly : Stop testing so much, trust teachers more; give less homework; shorten the school day. On Tuesday, in a room filled with teachers, principals, professors, school-board members and policy makers, Sahlberg joked about the Finns' reputation  for being a quiet, humble people. \"When Finland hit the top of the PISA,\" he said, \"the biggest disbelievers were Finns.\" More seriously, Finland never set out to create the world's top school system. Instead, he said, the country decided in the 1970s that it wanted to ensure that a student's success didn't depend on family background. \"Finland relied on cooperation among teachers and schools, rather than on competition. Rather than judging teachers and schools based on test scores,\" he said, \"Finland puts trust in its teachers and principals. Teachers develop the curriculum in Finland, and design their own tests. There are no national tests, except one at the end of high school.\" That's just the start. Along with a shorter school day, Finnish students don't even start school until they are 7 years old. Many primary schools have a policy against giving homework. \"But Finland,\"he said,\"succeeded in part by adopting ideas from the U.S. and other countries. And those countries, \"he said, \"can learn from Finland, too.\" \n Answer: To ask the US to improve its education.",
            "output": [
                "What might be the author's purpose of writing the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-93aa94c46af448f3b53d67d34333cc2d",
            "input": "Article: We've considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers  , or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service). Markets and queues--paying and waiting--are two different ways of allocating things, and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, \"First come, first served, have an egalitarian   appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets. The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it's the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards. Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank: \"Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.\" This is essential for the morals of the queue. It's as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness. But don't take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some people's calls are answered faster than others. Call center technology enables companies to \"score\" incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping. Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we've considered--at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors' offices, and national parks--are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered. \n Answer: Taking buses.",
            "output": [
                "According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle \"First come, first served\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51f139e9c4b449bab3ec8cc63a8b62bf",
            "input": "Article: Is it necessary for a young man to have an apartment as a prerequisite  for marriage? Housing has become a major obstacle  for Chinese young men hoping to start a family. China may breed a new group of bachelors, men caught in the trap of unaffordable houses. Since early 2009, the housing market has once again become a hot pot at boiling point. Even with allowance  and special government policies, home prices in China's first-tier cities such as Beijing and Shanghai are riding the crest of a rising wave. According to the \"2010 China Marital Status Report\" released on Dec 15, 2010, about 70 percent of women interviewed said that housing, a stable income and some savings were the main requirements for marriage. From the report, we can see that housing is given top priority  and that women see an apartment as essential  to show that the man is responsible and can provide for his family. Personality and morals lay outside the top three matrimonial  requirements. Some women and their families hold the traditional position and take it for granted that the home issue should be the man's responsibility, which doesn't agree with the contemporary independent spirit of women and gender equality. These marriage values reflect the fact that many women consider marriage another form of \"social welfare\". Things may be different overseas. Social housing, provided by European authorities, offer the less wealthy people their own piece of real estate. Such housing is usually apartments in tall buildings with 10 or more floors on the _ of town, whose main advantage is the low rents. For many Americans, houses don't pose an obstacle to getting married. They often buy a house after the wedding, because more and more people are reconsidering their real estate worship, and going back to a more rational  mode of consumption. In Japan, renting is the custom for newly married young couples. Few young couples can afford to purchase property. Up to 67.1 percent of young couples choose to rent. Generally speaking, renters account for most people younger than 40 in Japan. Young people should be free to enjoy being young, without the huge pressure of trying to buy property. Society should help create an environment for them to grow up. Don't let the poor bachelor group become a suffering layer  of our society. \n Answer: In the modern society, women don't want to be independent.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is Not True according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9ca4551026d405dacb46a49fe0b0c15",
            "input": "Article: When I arrived in Beijing more than five years ago, I had already given blood 79 times. I wanted to continue to be a donor and asked around if there was a Red Cross clinic in Beijing. There was one, and I went. I was very surprised to be received as a hero; for me, a blood donation was simply a good habit and a gift of love to Humanity. In Canada, donors can give 450ml each time every 51 days. That means six times a year. In China, we can give only 200ml, every four months. In 1984, there were only 19 donors in Beijing who offered their blood for free. One year later, there were 141. In 1986, 1,083, and so on until the figure reached 10,046 in 1990,14,016 in 1992 and more than double that the following year. There were 41,037 in 1994, and my statistics stop here. I'm so glad to see that the Chinese have understood that giving blood is not dangerous, and that it's a way to say, in a real communist spirit, \"brother, I love you\". In fact, every time I give blood, I think of my blood running in a man or a woman's veins, someone who has become my brother or my sister through a transfusion. Thirteen Chinese have become my  s now; isn't that great? Giving blood is like giving birth. Some of these thirteen people may have died without my donation; doesn't that make it worth becoming a volunteer? What makes me even happier is when I can convince a Chinese friend to come with me and become a donor too. \n Answer: 92",
            "output": [
                "Up till now, how many times have the author given blood?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-91fb9712be3346b0b8f9e4a09eba6428",
            "input": "Article: Health experts are calling for action to expand cancer care and control in the developing world. A medical research paper says cancer was once thought of as a problem mostly in the developed world. But now cancer is a leading cause of death and disability in poor countries as well. Experts from Harvard University and other organizations urge the international community to fight cancer aggressively, saying it should be fought in the way HIV/AIDS has been fought in Africa. Cancer kills more than 7.5 million people a year worldwide. Almost two-thirds are in low-income and middle-income countries. They discover cancer dills more people in developing countries than AIDS, tuberculosis   and malaria   combined. But the world spends only 5% of its cancer resources in those countries. Felicia Knaul from Harvard Medical School was one of the authors of the paper. She was in Mexico when she was found to have breast cancer. She received treatment there and her experience showed her the sharp difference between the rich and the poor in treating breast cancer. Felicia Knaul says, \"And we are seeing how this is attacking young women. It's the number two cause of death in Mexico for women thirty to fifty-four. All over the developing world, it's the number one cancer-related death among young women. I think we have to again say that there is much more we could do about it than we are doing about it.\" Professor Knalul met community health workers during her work in developing countries. They were an important part of efforts to reduce deaths from the cancer. They were able to persuade people to get tested to prevent the illness. The experts say cancer care does not have to be costly. For example, patients can be treated with lower-cost drugs. \n Answer: Experts urge more efforts to fight cancer in poor countries.",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-82275c1668dd45d9ac4c5ad192c531a4",
            "input": "Article: There is no doubt that to study abroad gives you an excellent opportunity to learn things which are very helpful in your career building. Today Canada has earned a good name in providing quality education and safe healthy environment for its students. That is why more than 130,000 international students enroll  every year in famous Canadian universities. It is an ideal education destination and gives students a unique experience of education and its versatile  arts and culture. Canada spends a lot on education and is ranked the highest in G-8 countries. To study in Canada is very cost effective. These universities are affordable compared to other universities in the world such as in the US, New Zealand and UK where cost of education and living is very high. According to a survey in 2006, \"Canada offered the lowest tuition fees  for foreign students compared to UK and Australia.\" The low rate of crimes and the peaceful safe environment of the country also attracts a lot of international students to Canadian universities. Canada has 92 universities and 175 community colleges and university degrees have three levels--Bachelor's , Master's  and Doctoral . A Bachelor's degree in Canada is for three or four years' full-time study depending on the nature of the program you are doing. On the other hand, a Master's degree consists of two years of study. For a Doctoral program in Canadian universities, you require a minimum (/) of three to four or sometimes five years of research and study. You can also find many diploma and certification   program in Canadian universities where the time is generally one year. Some of the Canadian universities are well-regarded worldwide and the degree and diploma obtained from these Canadian universities are recognized globally and promise bright future. After the completion of studies, a person could also find great job offers in Canada itself. International students require a work permit to work on campus. \n Answer: 7 years",
            "output": [
                "How long will you spend at least in total if you want to finish your Bachelor's, Master's and Doctoral degrees in Canada?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-03cd98e3d30c4553b7b2fa95308e1c72",
            "input": "Article: Some people make you feel comfortable. You can easily spend an hour with them and feel as if you have known them your whole life. These people, who can make others feel relaxed, have great people skills and if we observe them we can learn a lot. How do they do it? Here are several ways to put others at ease so you can make friends quickly. First of all, good talkers ask lots of questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy he or she is, will answer a question put to him or her. One well-known businesswoman says: \"At business lunches, I always ask people what they did that morning. It's a common question, but it will get things going.\" From there you can move on to other matters - sometimes even to really personal questions. How he or she answers will let you know how far you can go. Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen to the answers. This point seems obvious, but it is important to remember that your questions should have a point and help you understand what sort of person you are talking to. In order to find this out, you really have to listen carefully. Real listening means not changing the subject of conversation. If someone sticks to one topic, you can take it as a fact that he or she is really interested in it. Real listening also means not just listening to the words, but also to how the person is speaking. What is their tone of voice? If they sound bored then it might be time for you to change the subject. Finally, good talkers know how to end a conversation. If you're saying goodbye to someone, shake his or her hand and say: \"I've really enjoyed meeting you.\" And if you want to see that person again, don't keep it a secret. Let them know, and they will walk away feeling as if they've known you their whole life. \n Answer: The skills needed to be a good talker.",
            "output": [
                "What is the article mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-385b354ea18b4f0286be560763c3a6cd",
            "input": "Article: Alice Walker makes her living by writing. And her poems, short stories, and novels have won many prizes for her. She was born in Eatonton, Georgia. She went to public schools there, and then to Spelman College in Atlanta before coming to New York to attend Sarah Lawrence College, from which she graduated in 1966. For a time she lived in Jackson, Mississippi, with her lawyer husband and small daughter. About Langston Hughes, American Poet, her first book for children, she says, \"After my first meeting with Langston Hughes, I promised I would write a book for children someday. Why? Because I, at twenty-two, knew next to nothing of his work, and he didn't scold me; he just gave me a pile of his books. And he was kind to me; I will always be thankful that in his warmth he fulfilled my deepest dream (and need) of what a poet should be.\" \"To me he is not dead at all. Hardly a day goes by that I don't think of him or speak of him. Once, just before he died, when he was sick with the flu, I took him a basket full or oranges. The joy I felt in giving that simple gift is undiminished   by time. He said he liked oranges, too. \" \n Answer: Alice Walker's reflection (,) on Langston Hughes.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main topic of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9e6f25c6d1874c04bea142bc1f4c0737",
            "input": "Article: In the year 1986 there was a terrible explosion . The explosion was at a nuclear power plant  in Ukraine. The radiation  caused a lot of damage. It polluted the soil and other things. People were living in the area when the explosion happened. More than twenty years later those people are still suffering. The _ of the explosion will go on for a long time. Over two million people still live in that area. Only 56 people died from the explosion but many other problems have been caused because of it. Some types of cancer are more than 200 times above the world average . Many children have cancer now and children born with problems have doubled since the accident. Some people in the United States are worried about the children living in the explosion area. One group has been trying to raise money. They are called the Chenobyl Children's Project. They want to bring children from Ukraine to the U.S. each summer. A spokesperson for the group says that radiation is the highest in the summertime so it is a good time to get the children out of the country. They want to help the children get away for a little while. The Project wants them to be safe from radiation. It costs $1,500 to bring each child to the United States for six weeks. The group raised enough money to bring 28 children to the United States last year. The children were able to do lots of fun things. They enjoyed clean air, healthy food, and plenty of outdoor fun. One little nine-year-old girl who got to come to the United States said that she likes America. The spokesperson says that the children that come to America during the summer miss less school when they return home because they have a long summer vacation. \n Answer: Millions of people still live in the area where the explosion happened.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the explosion that happened in 1986?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-97510dd98e77441fb05b7e2f0c4a47b5",
            "input": "Article: Group Tours of the Area of the 2012 Sites These are recommended tours for groups. Individual visitors wishing to join please click here. East London and the Olympic Park Tour From Central London, travel through London's East End -- recently fashionable, multicultural residential areas, and once famous for market gardens, fine churches, and shipping-related industries. Hear a little of the dark side with stories of Jack-the-Ripper and street gangs. Now into the 21st century, you arrive at the Olympic Park, already under construction. Imagine the 80,000-seat Main Stadium, the Multi-Sports Arena, Aquatics Centre, Velodrome, Olympic Village, Broadcasting & Media Centre and Stratford City. For those who have a whole day in which to see East London we recommend a morning East London and Olympic Park tour combined with an afternoon Olympic Greenwich tour. 2012 Sites Tour The tour starts in Stratford where you view the work in progress on the Olympic Park. Hear the history of London's Royal Docks, as you travel to the Boxing, Judo, Weightlifting, Wrestling, Table Tennis and Taekwondo venue. View the O2 Arena. See the new London City Airport, Thames Barrier Park, University of East London, new waterside apartments and smart hotels. For those who have a whole day in which to see 2012 Olympic London we recommend a morning 2012 Olympic Sites tour combined with an afternoon 2012 Olympic Greenwich tour. 2012 Greenwich Tour Greenwich will host 6 Olympic events.Your tour of Greenwich will include the Greenwich Park, where the equestrian events will take place. Cross the Meridian Line to see the large buildings at Woolwich. Finally, we can show you the exciting developments taking place on the Greenwich Peninsular, which will be hosting a number of Olympic events. \n Answer: London's Olympic Park is being built.",
            "output": [
                "What can be learnt from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6158afffbf024f9fb9865fab316c23b9",
            "input": "Article: Celebrities  are more in love with themselves than the average person,according to a new study. In case anyone needed proof, a new study supports the widely held perception:Famous people are more narcissistic ,which means they are more in love with themselves than the average person is.That is the conclusion drawn by Drew Pinsky and S.Mark Young of the University of Southern California,whose study of 200 celebrities will appear in the Journal Of Research in Personality. It is not the entertainment industry that turns stars into narcissists,the study found.Rather, it suggests,the self-adoring people seek jobs in show business.The study, whose subjects were a11 celebrities from Pinsky's'Loveline'radio show, found that reality TV stars were the most narcissistic of all celebrities.Female stars were also more likely than the male stars to exhibit narcissistic characteristics. It's \"common sense\" that celebrities are narcissists,said Jeremy Ritzlin,a longtime Hollywood psychologist who has not seen the study.\"Everyone knows famous people are really in love with themselves,\"he said.\"So it would be natural for narcissists to be attracted toward the stage and spotlight,where other people will also think highly of them.\" Pinsky, an assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at USC'S Keck School of Medicine,said narcissists desire attention,are overconfident,behave strangely and lack sympathy.\"However, they are easily-liked,especially on first meeting,are outgoing and perform well in public,\" added Pinsky, who has hosted the radio show\"Loveline\"for 20 years. Celebrity guests appearing on the program were randomly chosen to participate in the study.They anonymously took the Narcissistic Personality Inventory test.which rates self-love levels based on seven components:superiority, exhibitionism,entitlement,vanity,authority, exploitativeness,and self-sufficiency. \n Answer: The women stars.",
            "output": [
                "Who are most likely to be self-adoring in the study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe94638a3afa438c8f66ee1e29d1e8fe",
            "input": "Article: There was a 17% fall in the number of first year undergraduates at UK universities in the first year of higher tuition fees, official figures show. In 2012-13 UK universities were allowed to _ their yearly fees to PS9,000. England saw a 12% fall in new full-time undergraduate students overall. The government acknowledged the fall but stressed that demand for full time higher education has already \"returned to record levels\". A spokesperson for Department for Business, Innovation and Skills said the figures were influenced by a higher number of students taking up places the previous year, rather than having a gap year. \"A reduction in entrants in 2012 was well documented and the numbers were affected by the significant number of students who opted not to defer their place from the year before,\" she said. 'Direct consequence' The decline had not continued into the current year, she added. \"Application rates for some of the most disadvantaged young people have risen to an all time high in England and more students than ever before are being successful in securing a place at their first choice institution.\" The figures, collated by the Higher Education Statistics Agency (Hesa), are official confirmation of other indications that there was a fall in the number of people going to university last year. Previously released figures had shown declines in applications and offers of places, and the admissions body Ucas also reported a fall. \n Answer: The number of undergraduates in Uk has decreased due to the higher fees .",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-96129f6dd1394ae5905b62439ddadfe2",
            "input": "Article: My friend Jim and I finally decided to spend our 14 days off in the eastern country.We were arranged to stay with a local family, which made it possible for us to share a real life experience with the locals and in return bring ourselves a richer experience of the native culture and tradition. In the company of one of our well-informed local tour leaders, we started one of the trips to the nearby town . As we were passing elephants, we stopped , confused by the fact that these huge creatures were being held by a small rope tied to their front legs . No chains, no cages. It was obvious that these elephants could, at any time, break away from the ropes they were tied to but for some reason, they did not . My friend went up to the trainer and asked why these beautiful animals just stood there and made no attempt to get away. \"Well,\"he said , \"When they were young and much smaller we used the same size rope to tie them and at that age, it was enough to hold them. As they grow up, they are accustomed to believing that they can not break away. They believe that the rope can hold them, so they never try to break free. We were amazed . These animals could at any time break away from their ropes but just because they believed they couldn't, they were stuck right where they were. Like the elephants, how many of us go through life hanging onto a belief that we can not do something , simply because we failed at it once before ? How many of us are being held by outdated belief that no longer serves us ? How many of us have avoided trying something new because of a limited belief? Worse still , how many of us are being held back by someone else's limiting beliefs? Your attempt may fail but never fail to make an attempt. \n Answer: The local culture and tradition",
            "output": [
                "What was the author most interested in during his visit?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2aaf1979df747bb992233c03541e11d",
            "input": "Article: Electricity, like clean water, is a resource that's often taken for granted. But last summer, when blackouts struck much of the northeastern US, Ontario and Rome, consumers on two continents were given a painful reminder of just how easily broken electricity supplies can be. The massive disorder stranded  commuters, stopped freezers, shut down businesses and refocused attention on where most of the planet's power comes from:oil-and-gas-fired generators and nuclear plants, These sources not only pollute the environment but also make many consumers feel unacceptable health risks. Companies are trying to offer an alternative, clean energy from renewable resources that's plentiful and portable. Lifton's Medis Technologies, as well as companies like Hydrogenics and Nanosys, is tapping into fuel cells and dolor panels to give people power whenever and wherever they want it, free from dependence on local grids . The search for alternative energy is nothing new, but the current trend of innovators is focusing on the goal of making clean and sustainable power a mainstream commodity. For example, the fuel cell, which produces electricity from the chemical reaction between oxygen and hydrogen, has been around for about 150 years, though its commercial development did not begin until the 1960s and then only as part of NASA spacecraft. Today this technology is coming down to Earth in places like Tokyo; in nine European cities, from Stockholm to Porto, each operating three hydrogen-fuel-cell buses; and in Iceland, which is trying to create the first fuel free hydrogen economy by 2030. When hydrogen and oxygen molecules combine, the reaction produces heat and water. Fuel cells use this reaction to generate electricity. With the cell phone and gadget market in mind, Medis has developed a fuel cell with cheap components that produces little heat and effortlessly reduces waste water without turning to energy consuming pumps. \n Answer: The damage done by the blackout last summer.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-59ab1c6d324c4b9b89a96ece753dde48",
            "input": "Article: Until last summer I had a very comfortable life: winter vacations skiing and summer cruises. My parents spent a lot of money on a private school, so they could get me into a competitive middle school. Everything was about tomorrow, next year, my graduation. We never had to worry about today. Before last summer I never thought much about the people in the world who live day to day, every day, whose lives are controlled by poverty and hunger. Then I enrolled in a two-week intensive program. We lived in a \"Tribal Village,\" in a hot, dry open grassland in Arkansas, a state of the south-central United States. I am a tribal member in Mozambique, a country of southeast Africa. Every meal, I make the fire for my family, and feel the flames lick up my nostrils as I blow to keep the fuel alive. I cook mush with vegetables. This is all my family is ever given. I feed the hen and three rabbits their dinner. I grow attached to the rabbits, even though I know I shouldn't. I name them. I'm not getting enough to eat; it's time to decide whether or not to kill the rabbits. I feel pain but it's a privileged child's pain because I know I will soon be eating again. That's not true for a lot of other children around the world. Growing up comfortably in the U.S., I've never had to worry about my dinner, and even though this whole process was only a  _ , it changed my life. Now I believe in doing whatever I can to help find practical ways to defeat hunger. So I've become president of Roots and Shoots, a group working to improve local environments for people and animals. I'm also working to create a program at my high school called the \"Safe Passage\" trip to help young people in the Guatemala City dump. And I've got plans to do more. I'm often thinking of laboring in the hot sun and the millions who still do. Now, I try to live for today and stop worrying so much about the future. When I eat or feel full, I am grateful for this fortunate life and want to extend the same feeling to others. I believe in offering help to those who need it. \n Answer: Her life was well-planned.",
            "output": [
                "What is true about the author before last summer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9102fed5b76f4db7940c40e5fbc0f879",
            "input": "Article: Plastic surgery is becoming popular with young people. But just a few days ago, it took the life of a pop singer in China. Wang Bei, 24, a former singer on Super Girl, died on Nov 15 during plastic surgery in Wuhan, Hubei province. The young singer's jaw suddenly started bleeding during the procedure, blocking her throat and causing her to suffocate. The Ministry of Health stepped in on Nov 27, calling on health authorities all over China to increase supervision of the country's medical plastic surgery industry. It also told the Hubei health department to look into Wang's death and \"to make the results of the investigation public as soon as possible\" Wang's death has raised concerns about the dangers of plastic surgery in China. In China, people, especially youngsters, are becoming more and more conscious of their looks and are willing to _ to make themselves look more attractive. Today, many young people see plastic surgery as the key to love, wealth and success. Ding Xiaobang, a plastic surgeon at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital, said that in the past decade, he had seen a growing number of patients, like Wang Bei, who were young and naturally good-looking. \"They want to improve their appearance to find better opportunities in work and in marriage,\" said Ding. Zhao, 23, a student at the Beijing International Studies University, spent 3,000 yuan on a eyelid tuck before graduating this year. She said: \" Of course I want to look prettier. I want to make a good impression on potential employers.\" Ding also owed this trend to frustration. \"Some are frustrated with life and use surgery as a way to try and recover,\" said Ding. But a lot of people ignore the risk and danger of plastic surgery. In 12 years as a doctor, Zhu Wenbo from Chengdu has often seen unsuccessful plastic surgeries.\" I've met several people whose faces were ruined by plastic surgery, and helping them recover is difficult,\" said Zhu. Being yourself is the most beautiful thing in the world. But if you are considering plastic surgery, here is some advice from experts: 1. Choose qualified hospitals, especially those with a good reputation for plastic surgery. Avoid beauty salons. 2. Do not expect too much from changing your appearance. It can only change your face or another body part in certain ways. And safety should always come first. \n Answer: to stay young forever.",
            "output": [
                "What is NOT the reason for so many young people go to plastic surgery?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-06a66e2d35e6432792c88db09a7ec4e6",
            "input": "Article: I was working with a client who was completely burned out on her career and life and then ready for a career change. As we were talking, she said, \"I just wish I had meaningful work. I don't feel like I am making a difference. I am just wasting my life.\" This is the theme I hear most often from clients who have been in the workforce awhile.All of us want to feel like we are making a difference. We want to believe our work means something. The problem comes in defining \"meaningful work\". What is it? That answer is different for everyone. For some meaningful work might be helping others organize their office. For others it may mean making a million dollars. What really matters is how you see it. What is meaningful work to you? Take out a piece of paper and answer these questions. How do you define meaningful work? When do you feel like you are really making a difference? What work have you done so far that feels the most meaningful? Write down whatever comes to mind. What you want to do is meaningful. It is very easy to start judging yourself as being selfish. Stop! Allow yourself to be honest. The fact is when Picasso painted; he was doing it because he liked to paint. He was not thinking, \"Oh, I hope this brings joy to others' lives.\" He painted because he wanted to. When Beethoven composed, he did it because he loved music. Even scientists searching for a cure for cancer are immersed in their work because it fascinates them. Don't look down on your work. It is easy to _ the importance of work that feels meaningful. I remember Tony Robbins told a story of talking with the owner of a major company. The man said to Tony, \"I wish I could do what you do because it makes such adifference in people's lives\". Tony said, \"You have got to be kidding! Look at what adifference you make. You provide work, health insurance and security for thousands ofpeople!\" Don't underestimate the value you provide. Take a look at what you have written about meaningful work. Do you see any themes? How do you wish to contribute to this world? Whatever you choose, remember that the greatest gift you can give is to find work that makes you feel fulfilled and delighted. Respect your preference because giving your gifts to the world, whatever they look like, is the most meaningful action you can ever take. \n Answer: Honesty makes for the greatest people.",
            "output": [
                ". What does the writer mean by mentioning the famous people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e0418fbc58844a478e3fc09128c5de88",
            "input": "Article: Gabby Douglas stood beneath the Rio Olympic Arena, still in her Team USA leotard, trying hard to understand how she had become the most unpatriotic athlete in Rio. Tears filled in her eyes. She tried hard to talk but no words came out. Her pauses were long and uncomfortable. \"I've been trying to stay off the Internet because there's so much negativity,\" she said. The attacks against her have been everywhere these last few days. The bullies blamed her for not putting her hand over her heart while the US national song played. Besides, some other people attacked her for not jumping up and cheering hard enough for team-mates at the all-around final. All of this prompted her mother, Natalie Hawkins, to tell Reuters this weekend, that Douglas is \"heartbroken\". It showed on Sunday, in Douglas's final performance of this Olympics and maybe in the Games ever. Douglas finished sixth in the uneven bars, far from the medal stand she owned four years ago in London, and shook her head, confused. What had she done wrong? Nothing made sense. \"I mean, you do [Olympics] for your country, and you do it for yourself, how have I offended them? What have I done? I was standing in respect for USA. I'm coming out there representing them to the best of my abilities, so how would I be in disrespect? \n Answer: Because she made a big mistake.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Douglas heartbroken?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-da9cb21739eb4362906ecd37a541de20",
            "input": "Article: When men get together, they seldom talk about their feelings or inner thoughts. However, they talk about a lot, like their newest computer, how to repair their car, or even business. Talk might move to the best place to find fish or women, jump to computer games, then continue to the sport of the season. They also like to tell jokes each other and spend a fair amount of time playing one-up and boasting  . Men seldom call each other to chat. When man meets woman, he usually wants to make a good impression. Many single man try hard to carry on amusing, fun, and pleasant conversations. They use conversation to discover her interests and feelings in order to learn how to be attractive to her. Some men, either out of nervousness or ignorance, spend most of the time talking about themselves, often appearing to _ their achievements or talk endlessly about their problems or work. Even the quietest man talks to his woman when love is new. When women get together, they talk about feelings and relationships, their work, and their family. They enjoy talking but also want the give and take of talk, then listen. Women often call each other to chat. Conversation is an important part of most women's lives. As relationship progress, however, many turns on the television and forgets how to talk. This raises anger and cry from his woman partner who says,\"You never talk to me any more.\"Some man start talking. Many, however, mainly discuss their own achievements and problems. When the woman starts talking about her favorite subjects: feelings, family, relationships, friends and her work, many men lose interest or bring the conversation back to themselves, pretty soon, the man is back to starting at the television each night, wondering where his relationship has gone. The woman is talking to her friends, mom, sister or neighbor, often about that very relationship and how she is hurting. \n Answer: Work.",
            "output": [
                "What is the same topic in both men's and women's talk?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e5539edd777c44c6b153416a2e2e1211",
            "input": "Article: Do you want to go out of town for a bit of rest and relaxation? Before you start packing, visit these best travel sites for vacationers. In my opinion, they help people deal with common problems that pop up during a trip. Oyster.com Based on the advertised photos, the hotel you are considering appears to be clean and modern. Take a second look through the eyes of Oyster.com. Their representatives inspect resort areas and post the real images uncovering marketing lies. You see ACTUAL pictures of the rooms, attractions and beautiful beaches. Skyscanner.net Are you planning to travel on a budget? Discover the best deals for flights, hotels and car rentals at Skyscanner.net. They offer reasonable and comprehensive travel comparison. The best part is that their services are free. You don't have to sign up, provide personal information or go through a social network. Virtualtourist.com Chat with someone other than a travel agent about a location. At Virtualtourist.com, fellow travelers and locals talk about their experiences in specific areas. This site is set up like a forum , so you can ask questions and get answers in the comfort of your own home. Find out where to eat, play and get pleasure in a place without getting food poison or robbed by criminals. Travel.state.gov Unfortunately, Americans get into trouble abroad sometimes. Prepare for possible emergencies by visiting Travel.state.gov. There, the Bureau of Consular Affairs offers advice on how to handle the bad things that happen to good people in other countries. You learn what to do in the case of child abduction , a lost passport and illness. In addition, these officials post travel warnings regarding dangerous regions and why foreigners should avoid them. Are you ready to do your homework? Prepare for your departure by checking out these best travel sites for vacationers. Learn what you need to know now before walking out of the door. \n Answer: The representatives of Oyster.com are enthusiastic.",
            "output": [
                "What is the characteristic of Oyster.com?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b490b0ae1efa4e11a02d349132291ea3",
            "input": "Article: The US space agency NASA is looking for people to go to Mars, and stay there. This attractive career is for people who want a huge change of scenery and planet. The project is called the Hundred Years Starship, which aims to colonize   other lands such as the red planet Mars. Settlers would travel to the red planet and live there forever. NASA says it would be too expensive to bring humans back to Earth. The space agency can afford, however, to send supplies to the astronaut pioneers from Earth. Astronauts would be landed on the planet's surface and would never be able to return home due to the cost. NASA has started the project with $1.6 million, and hopes to attract investment from space-living billionaires. Google co-founder Larry Page told NASA he would be interested if the cost of a one-way ticket can go down from $10 billion to $2 billion. The journey to Mars could take 4 months. Setting on the red planet would be extremely dangerous, especially given the freezing temperatures there. The thin atmosphere would be another problem as it is mostly carbon dioxide, so oxygen supplies are a must. A director in NASA said that he believed the trip might start with visiting Mars's moons first. He claimed that humans could be on Mars's moons by 2030. Many scientists think colonizing space is absolutely necessary. Steven Hawking believes we must move to other planets to survive as a species. He said: \"Once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe.\" Scientists Dirk' Schulze-Makuch and Paul Davies also call it a \"desirable goal\", though there surely are huge risks to explore new lands. \n Answer: It is a project first raise by Steven Hawking.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about the Hundred Years Starship?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7b53d268e921406993a7dc1c97097860",
            "input": "Article: The vast majority of fitness trackers count your steps and are worn around the wrist, but now there's a device that's designed to be worn like a necklace and monitors tiny movements to improve your posture. The Fineck device aims to address neck pain by tracking tiny movement, spotting bad habits and suggesting exercises via an accompanying app. Made from silicone and titanium , Fineck monitors a wearer's movement, balance, posture and movement thanks to sensors inside. The Mountain View California-based firm says that a high percentage of people suffer from neck pain and associated problems, probably caused by more individuals doing office jobs, which generally involve leaning over computer keyboard. The device contains sensors, several different types of instruments to monitor movement, plus a monitor to shake. It connects to an IOS app via Bluetooth so that wearers can see their bad habits and play \"neck training\" games. The app warns of health risks and records a user's activity to build up a customer personal health description. The necklace shakes to give smart advice, such as reminding wearers to sit up straight. The app also allows users to set goals, like many other wearables do. \"Fineck is the first wearable device for your neck that tracks your neck activity and warn you when you are in a bad posture for too long. You can also exercise your neck with Fineck's interactive games.\" The company writes on Kickstarter. \"No matter where you are and what you are doing at office, on the go, or simply just feeling bored, Fineck will bring you enriched exercise experience through motion sensing games and therapies.\" It also claims that it is \"the world's first titanium wearable device\". The metal is widely used in fashion stuff that you can wear or carry to match your clothes because it is lightweight, durable and does not tend to cause allergic reactions. It also offers additional features such as shaking to indicate alerts on a user's smartphone, but it is not currently clear whether it can also be used like bands, to count steps, and so on. The Fineck has a battery life of around seven days and takes one hour to charge. It is available to pre-order via Kickstarter from $69(PS44)and is due to ship in March next year. \n Answer: An accompanying app.",
            "output": [
                "What helps the Fineck device to deal with neck pain?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b258772876a8475f8df167521e4f16d2",
            "input": "Article: No one can change the weather. Nobody can control the weather. But if we read correctly the signs around us, we can tell what the more important changes in the weather will be. This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two is called weather forecasting . For many centuries and in all countries, people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecasting. Rings around the sun are a sign of coming rain. That many people feel their joints  hurt is a sign of wet weather. Some birds fly high if fine weather is coming, but they fly near the ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way. If you see a rainbow during rainy weather, this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine. Such rainbows come in the evening. If the stars twinkle clearly at night, then fine weather will continue. If a fog appears in the morning just above a river, then the day will be warm. If the sunset is mostly red in colour, then the following day will be fine. If a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come. Most of the above sayings have been made by the people who have used their eyes and brains to make weather forecasting. \n Answer: Weather forecasting is a way of telling what the weather will be like.",
            "output": [
                "Which is true about weather forecasting?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e273c115887948cd8d0d3c601510011c",
            "input": "Article: Forty years ago, Finland was a small, country with mediocre public schools. Today, Finland is still small but no one calls Finland's public schools mediocre any more. In 2000, the Finns surprised the world when their 15-year-olds scored at the top of a closely watched international exam called the PISA. Finland has stayed near the top ever since, while the U.S. scores around the middle. Pasi Sahlberg, an official with Finland's Ministry of Education and Culture, is in Seattle this week to share the story of Finland's success, and what states like Washington can learn from it. Sahlberg's message, although he is too polite to put it so bluntly: Stop testing so much, trust teachers more; give less homework; shorten the school day. On Tuesday, in a room filled with teachers, principals, professors, school-board members and policy makers, Sahlberg joked about the Finns' reputation for being a quiet, humble people. \"When Finland hit the top of the PISA,\" he said, \"the biggest disbelievers were Finns.\" More seriously, Finland never set out to create the world's top school system. Instead, he said, the country decided in the 1970s that it wanted to ensure that a student's success didn't depend on family background. \"Finland relied on cooperation among teachers and schools, rather than on competition. Rather than judging teachers and schools based on test scores,\" he said, \"Finland puts trust in its teachers and principals. Teachers develop the curriculum in Finland, and design their own tests. There are no national tests, except one at the end of high school.\" That's just the start. Along with a shorter school day, Finnish students don't even start school until they are 7 years old. Many primary schools have a policy against giving homework. \"But Finland,\" he said, \" succeeded in part by adopting ideas from the U.S. and other countries. And those countries, he said, can learn from Finland, too.\" \n Answer: To ask the US to improve its education.",
            "output": [
                "What might be the author's purpose of writing the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6108c6fa0dc4466d993afa25722bbf4b",
            "input": "Article: Henry Edwards Huntington Henry Edwards Huntington was born in 1850 in Oneonta,New York.In 1872 he went to work for his uncle,one of the owners of the Central Pacific Railroad.Twenty years later, Huntington moved to San Francisco at his uncle's request to share management of the Southern Pacific Railroad.On the way to San Francisco,he visited San Marino,and later bought it,which is home to his collections today. In 1902,Huntington moved his business operations to Los Angeles,where he developed the street railway system that created the structure of the Los Angeles area.He greatly expanded the existing electric railway lines,creating an extensive inter-urban system providing the transportation necessary.Huntington's business interests continued to grow particularly in the areas of water,power,and land development;at one time he served on as many as 60 corporate boards throughout the United States. At the age of 60,he announced his decision to retire in order to devote time to his book and art collections and the landscaping of the 600acre farm.In 1911 the large Beaux Arts building,in the charge of the architect Myron Hunt,was completed. In 1913,Huntington married Arabella Duval Huntington.She shared his interests in collecting.As one of the most important art collectors of her generation,she was highly influential in the development of the art collection now shown in the former building. In 1919,Henry and Arabella Huntington signed the agreement that conveyed their San Marino property and collections to a nonprofit educational trust,creating the Huntington,one of the world's great cultural,research,and educational centers. Henry E.Huntington died in 1927,leaving his great treasures the Huntington,including the world--famous H untington Library,Art Gallery,and Botanical Gardens in San Marino,California to the public,which hosts more than 500,000 visitors each year. \n Answer: He devoted himself to his personal interests.",
            "output": [
                "What did Huntington do after his retirement?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7659b64b75e04528b12327a5f814acdb",
            "input": "Article: A friend asks you to be a volunteer. Your husband asks you to glance over an e-mail he is writing to his boss. You say you'd love to. Really! But...\"I don't have time\". It seems plausible( ). We're all busy these days, right? But there are reasons not to use these four words, at least with yourself. Here's the big one: _ is not true. You tell yourself \"I don't have time\" to exercise, but we all have 168 hours a week. If someone offered to pay you $100,000 a week to go to the gym for 5 of those 168 hours, you would probably find the time to do it. Since that isn't going to happen, this is a more exact description: \" It's not a priority .\" There are a million things we could be doing with our time; some are priorities and some are not, even if it's wrong to say so. Try it. \"I'm not going to read to you tonight, sweetie, because it's not a priority. Daddy's present priority is to check my e-mails.\" Using the words \"I don't have time\" keeps us from admitting to the fact that how we spend our time is a choice. It puts the responsibility for our lives on someone else: a boss, a client or a family member. Better to be truthful: \"I have another volunteer job on which I am focusing my energy right now. It is the cause that is most important to me.\" Or, to your husband \"I wish you had mentioned this earlier. Right now, my priority is to get our children dressed and out of the door for school. I will be available around lunch time if you would like to talk\". \n Answer: I already have a volunteer job that I enjoy.",
            "output": [
                "Which would be the best answer if your friend asks you to be a volunteer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-85bf7c7452bd47a2976cbdbea40b5d99",
            "input": "Article: The struggle to \"have it all\" leaves many mothers giving up their health and hobbies. But dads have more time to spare according to a research, with just 55 per cent saying they lose sleep and regular exercise compared with 71 percent of mums. Twice as many mothers as fathers complained that they did not spend enough time relaxing, with almost half of mums spending less than two hours a week with friends. And more than a third miss out on hobbies and interests because they are too busy. In spite of changing roles in the family, women are still responsible for most of the child care. Nearly a third spend more than 10 hours a week caring for their children, compared with just one in ten fathers. More mums than dads also say housework and tiredness stop them achieving their goals. But the research also shows mums gain a sense of achievement from finishing the housework, getting their children to school on time or sitting down to a family dinner. The research underlines the fact that women feel under pressure to succeed in all areas of their lives. As Nick Booth, a marketing director put, \"They are pushing themselves too hard and are in danger of burning out. We'd encourage anyone to take time out for themselves. Having your own interests and hobbies and ensuring you get enough sleep is hugely important. Other parts of your life, including work and family life, improve as a result.\"  The Olympian  and mother Jo Pavey admitted balancing career, family and personal time can be a struggle. Jo, 41, became the oldest female gold medalist at the European Championship last year - but regards her children as her biggest achievement. The mum of two said,\"When I was younger,I'd have probably said it wasn't possible to have a sporting career and be mum. But actually it is all about striking a balance and looking after yourself.\" \n Answer: Being tired with much housework.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following prevents mums from achieving their goals?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f6bb5321a063416ca76ac970dd46c782",
            "input": "Article: I used to think of myself as a fairly open person, but my bookshelves told a different story. Apart from a few Indian novels and the Australian and South African book, my literature collection consisted of British and American titles. Worse still, I hardly ever read anything in translation. My reading was limited to stories by English-speaking authors. So, at the start of 2012, I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every country in a year to find out what I was missing. As I was unlikely to find publications from nearly 200 nations on the shelves of my local bookshop, I decided to ask the planet's readers for help. I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World and put out an appeal for suggestions of titles that I could read in English. The response was amazing. Before I knew it, people all over the planet were getting in touch with ideas and offers of help. Some posted me books from their home countries. Others did hours of research on my behalf. In addition, several writers sent me unpublished translations of their novels, giving me a rare opportunity to read works otherwise unavailable to the 62% of the British who only speak English. Even so, selecting books was no easy task. With translations making up only around 4.5 percent of literary works published in the UK and Ireland, getting English versions  of stories was difficult. But the effort was worth it. I found I was visiting the mental space of the storytellers. These stories not only opened my mind to the real life in other places, but opened my heart to the way people there might feel. And that in turn changed my thinking. Through reading the stories shared with me by bookish strangers around the globe, I realised I was not alone, but part of a network that spread all over the planet. \n Answer: Lists of English version books.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following might be found on the blog A Year of Reading the World?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae69cb79ed774878b82ace08ec2de90e",
            "input": "Article: Do you know any people like these? They are part of a new addiction called Internet addiction.Internet addicts spend at least thirty to forty hours online every week.The use of the Internet can be an addiction like drug use.People lose control of the time they spend on the Internet. For example,one college student was missing for several days.His friends were worried,and they called the police.The police found the student in the computer lab, he was surfing the net for several days straight. Studies show that about  6% to 10% of Internet users become addicted.And people worry about the teens because the Internet is changing the playing field for some of them.They spend more time in cyberspace than in the real world of friends and family. Is \"surfing the net'' a hobby or an addiction for you? You may have a problem if you have these symptoms : *You do not go to important family activities or you do not do school work because you like    to spend hours on the Internet. *You can't wait for your next online time. *You plan to spend a short time online,but then you spend several hours. *You go out with your friends less and less. \n Answer: What an Internet addict usually does.",
            "output": [
                "What does the beginning of the passage tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5cf837a8f9794ab6ac861eb5300a4bfa",
            "input": "Article: There is a time when Karyn Bosnak couldn't pay a $59 bill at the grocery store. She was officially broke. She didn't have enough money to get on the subway, but she looked rich. She was a television producer, earned $900 a week, and had a closetful of designer labels like Gucci and Louis Vuitton. But she also had a $20,221.40 credit card bill and an empty bank account. Karyn decided that it was time for a change. She built a website and simply asked people to help her out by sending her a dollar or two. On the site, Karyn honestly explained her situation. \"If 20,000 people gave me just $1, I'd be home free.\" Amazingly, it worked. Her website was visited by more than a million people. Although most donors just gave a few dollars, one generous donor sent $1,000. She was on TV and in newspapers and magazines. She was offered a book deal and a movie contract. And of course, she was able to pay off her credit card debt. She also sold her designer clothes on eBay. In her closet, where the Gucci purse once sat, Karyn keeps all the letters that people have sent her. It's hard to understand why so many people helped a total stranger pay off her huge credit card bill. Karyn explains, \"I was just honest about what happened; I didn't make up some sob story   about saving the world.\" Her donors think it's funny and original, and view it less as a charity than as an entertainment site. Imitators have appeared all over the Internet, some with extremely selfish requests for things like a BMW or a house. Actually, Karyn was not the first person to put up a website asking strangers for money. The practice has a name: \"cyber-begging.\" Most sites receive little traffic and even less cash. Karyn also had thousands of enemies and critics. People sent her hate mail and scolded   her on websites. Karyn says she never let this anger bother her. \"They are probably jealous   they didn't think of it.\" She explains. \n Answer: Her bank account was stolen.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Karyn in financial trouble?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-58416aa3ee79406c93275f6999e0e07e",
            "input": "Article: A teenager who is preparing to go to high school has probably heard all kinds of different things about high school freshmen from his parents , fiends , or old brothers and sisters. The change from middle school to high school can seem like a frightening experience for teens going into high school , but it is not always so hard as it may seem. Usually , middle school students can get used to high school life within a few months of their freshman year. A few tips for high school freshmen are as follows. Grades are important . While it is important for a student to try to do his best in school , the grades that he gets in high school are even more important , since they are what colleges will look like when considering his application  for their school . Classes . The classes a freshman takes throughout his whole high school can help them a lot when he gets ready to go to college or look for a job . Some special classes allow students to get college credits while they are still in high school in some countries . Most high school classes will have more homework than middle school classes and this can be a hard adjustment   at first . Being prepared . Middle school classes might not request students to prepare very much before they attend them . But high school teachers will expect students to get everything ready before the class begins .It is also important for students to study for tests and do all homework that is required during class. Making good choices. Most high school students have more freedom than middle school students, but what a student does with this freedom is very important to his future life for many years after high school is over. Peer pressure , while it can be good sometimes, is often a problem with younger teens .It is important for a teen to make good choices throughout his high school career so that he can be successful later on in his life . High school is a memorable experience for teenagers .They should not be afraid of becoming a freshmen . After studying for a period of time , they will surely enjoy it. \n Answer: All the classes don't allow the students to get credits in high school in some countries",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage , which of the following is right ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a4506cf15c3a4e8886e09d45772d41bc",
            "input": "Article: What are some of the steps a person can take to prevent his house from being broken in while he or she is away? One step is to make sure that the house has a _ look. Living room shades could be pulled down only half-away. Bedrooms that usually have the shades pulled down at night should be left down. Another is to make sure that all outside looks are the dead-belt  type. Still another is to leave several low-watt  lights burning and make sure that one is in the kitchen. Lights that turn on and off automatically  are the best. Then, too, it is a good idea to leave a radio turned into a talking station. Any type of conversation makes a burglar  think twice before trying to enter. Finally, while away on vacation, make sure that nothing collected in the front or back of the house. Make certain that the newspaper is stopped and that a trusted neighbor has been asked to pick up the posts. \n Answer: Presently taken by people.",
            "output": [
                "What is the meaning of \"live-in\" in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-811c5cff57834731bec6c7229c573adb",
            "input": "Article: A new study has found evidence of aggressive   behavior in children who drink four or more servings of soft drinks every day. Information for the study came from the mothers of 3,000 5-year-olds. Researchers asked the women to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a two-month period. They were also asked to complete a checklist of their children's behavior. The researchers have found that 43 percent of the children drink at least one daily serving of soda, and 4 percent of the youngsters have even four or more sodas to drink every day. Shakira Suglia, a famous expert, says they've found that children who drink the most soda are more than twice as likely as those who drink no soda to show signs of aggression. \"For the children who consume four or more soft drinks per day, we see more _ behaviors, which make them hard to get along well with others.\" The aggressive behaviors include destroying possessions belonging to others, taking part in fights and physically attacking people. The researchers have determined the link after considering factors like the child's age and sex. They have also considered other possible influence, such as whether the boys and girls are eating sweets or giving fruit drinks on a normal day. In addition, the researchers have examined parenting styles and other social conditions that may be taking place in the home. Researches are trying to find why young children who drink a lot of soda have behavior problems. An ingredient often found in soft drinks is caffeine, which helps to make people feel energetic. Doctor Suglia suggests that caffeine could cause the 5-year-olds to be more aggressive. Earlier studies of adults have found the highest sugar levels in those who carry weapons   and show signs of negative social behavior. \n Answer: Health Report",
            "output": [
                "What section of a newspaper is the passage probably taken from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d0f414a527348abb5b6323fab2c1a43",
            "input": "Article: Ballet NY Dancing can provide an outstanding cardiovascular   workout, but this week the members of Ballet NY come to Pittshurgh to dance for people whose hearts need help. The performance will benefit the Artificial Heart Program of the Heart, Lung and Esophageal Surgery Institute of UPMC. Ballet NY was founded 10 years ago by former New York City Ballet principal ballerina Judith Fugate and internationally famous dancer Medhi Bahiri, and former members of top dance companies. The performance starts at 8 p.m. Wednesday at the Byham Theater, Downtown.  Admission: $35~$125.  The top price includes post-concert coffee and dessert reception with the dancers.  Details: 412-453-7777. Classic rock, literally Mannheim Steamroller will bring a breath of \"Fresh Air\" to the Benedum Center, Downtown, Monday. The band, which blends   classical and rock influences with electronic and ancient instruments, is on the road in its \"Fresh Air\" tour. The name comes from a series of eight albums with that title. Music begins at 8 p.m.  Admission: $40, &50 or $60.  Details: 412-456-6666. Expansive endeavors Outdoors adventure goes beyond fun. It is a way of encountering the weakness of our existence and seeing ourselves as rather small creatures after all. The Banff Mountain Film Festival helps us see that with movies that also are just downright good. Sponsored here by Venture Outdoors, the festival will be at 7 p.m. Thursday and Friday at the Byham Theatre, Downtown, with different films each night.  Admission: $10, or $15 for both nights, in advance; $15 at the door.  Details: 412-255-0564. In bloom Children with spring fever   can find an outlet on Saturday at the Frick Art& Historical Center, which is hosting \"Green Kids--What's up?\" The program brings children aged 4-8 into the garden on Frick's Point Breeze grounds, so that they can see what flowers are coming up in the early spring. The program, which runs 11-11:45 a.m., is free and includes an interactive tour and take-home activity. Meet in the Visitors' Center at the Frick, 7227 Reynolds St., Point Breeze.  Details: 412-371-0600. \n Answer: Ballet NY.",
            "output": [
                "Where can you enjoy a program free of charge?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ffca25c7bae54fc69c0f86fb9325443c",
            "input": "Article: When I was growing up, 16 was always a magical age, a symbol of maturity, responsibility and of course more independence and freedom.  I sat through the hours of Driver's Ed classes eager to get out on the road. I couldn't wait to get my driver's license. But it's a different story for today's teens. In January, the U.S. Department Transportation released 2012 data that showed only 30.7 percent of U.S. teens got their license at age 16, Twenty years before, that number was almost 45 percent. There are numbers of reasons for the fall - off. The growing responsibilities like paying for insurance and high gas prices discourage teens from getting behind the wheel. Plus, many teens today are so busy with homework, endless hours of activities and part-time jobs, that finding the time for Driver's Ed classes may be more difficult that ever. In addition, many states have raised the driving age, or restricted when teens can drive and who they can have in the car. Parents may also be making their own personal restrictions until they feel their teens are responsible enough to drive safely. Driving is part of the American culture, but it's not the central focus like it was 25 years ago. They have so many other things to do now. One of the more interesting factors delaying teens driving might be the change of their social life. Today, teens need to look no further than Face book or other social networking sites to connect with their friends. There is simply less need, maybe less desire, to be able to grab the keys and go. Michelle Wei got her license as a senior in high school because her digital social life made it easy no to drive. \"If I couldn't get a ride to see my friend who lives a town over,\" the 19-year-old said, \"I could talk on IM or Skype.\" Research has shown that these online relationships can lead to higher quality friendships, so it isn't necessarily a bad thing. However, it's important to find a balance. If old face-to-face friendships are good, why not drive to find them? \n Answer: Desire to drive on the road declines among American teens.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-94901b67a33149b3b87a3f5e05ca51fc",
            "input": "Article: \"To be or not to be\".Outside the Bible, these six words are the most famous in all the literature of the world.They were spoken by Hamlet when he was thinking aloud, and they are the most famous words in Shakespeare because Hamlet was speaking not only for himself but for every thinking man and woman.To be or not to be----to live or not to live, to live richly and abundantly and eagerly, or to live dully and meanly and scarcely.A philosopher  once wanted to know whether he was alive or not, which is a good question for everyone to put to himself occasionally.He answered it by saying, \"I think, therefore I am.\" But the best definition of existence I ever saw was one written by another philosopher who said, \"To be is to be in relations.\" If this is true, then the more relations a living thing has, the more it is alive.To live abundantly means simply to increase the range and intensity  of our relations.Unfortunately, we are so constituted  that we get to love our routine.But other than our regular occupation, how much are we alive? If you are interested only in your regular occupation, you are alive only to that extent.So far as other things are concerned----poetry and prose, music, pictures, sports unselfish friendships, politics, international affairs----you are dead. On the contrary, it is true that every time you acquire a new interest----even more, a new accomplishment----you increase your power of life.No one who is deeply interested in different kinds of subjects can remain unhappy.The real is the person who has lost interest. Bacon said that a man dies as often as he loses a friend.But we gain new life by contacts with new friends, and new ideas and thoughts, too.Where your thoughts are, there will be your life also.If your thoughts are limited only to your business, only to your physical welfare, only to your narrow circle of the town in which you live, then you live in a narrow restricted   life.But if you are interested in the characters of a good novel, then you are living with those highly interested people; if you listen intently to fine music, you are always away from immediate surroundings and living in a world of passion and imagination. To be or not to be ---- to live intensely and richly, or merely to exist, that depends on ourselves.Let us widen and intensify our relations.While we live, let us live. \n Answer: Put forward an idea.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mainly want to do by this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e145adb7870485a95c6ca7f21b45e52",
            "input": "Article: \"Hey, little boy, will you support me when I'm getting old?\" Wang Wenshan, 35, asked his newborn baby as he picked him up at home. The Chinese tradition of raising sons to support parents in their old age has been weakened by the rapidly growing economy and improving standard of living. As is the case with more and more developed countries, China faces an aging society. People are living longer and having fewer children. Therefore, many Chinese families are falling into a 4-2-1 family pattern: a couple raises one child and supports four elderly parents. But few realize that a problem is likely to happen ahead. The aging of the population is a trend that now affects a growing number of countries. Not long ago, the Information Office of the State Council, China's cabinet, issued a white paper on measures China is taking to help its elderly population. The paper said China's population entered the aging period at the end of the 20thcentury and the proportion of people aged 60 and above accounted for over 10 percent of the entire population. By the end of 2005, China had nearly 144 million people over 60, accounting for 11 percent of population, according to the white paper. An expanding aged population _ means that many issues must be settled, as the problem concerns every aspect of society. It puts more pressure on each family, causing disturbing economic consequences and serious social problems. It also challenges the labor force supply and the pension system. \"I used to think that it's not an issue for me to provide for the aged,\" said Wang, whose parents and parents-in-law all enjoy pensions and medical insurance. But last year Wang's father suffered a serious illness and afterward Wang began to feel the pressure on his shoulders. After his father recovered, Wang opened bank accounts for each parent and deposited some money into the account every month to prepare for future uncertainties. In addition, he has to save money every month to provide for his son's future education. \"I'm now breaking my back working to support my family: saving pensions for the parents, my son's education funds, and living costs.\" Wang also bought some commercial old-age insurance for himself. \"We have to take precautions before it is too late, and many of my colleagues share the same view,\" he said. \n Answer: Unemployment",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not caused by an aging society?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7de3ab2f2e044756af42d0e7e3c7cbd9",
            "input": "Article: Chinese people take their food and eat it extremely seriously .Eating is a communal  ,social, human experience in China .Sharing a meal is a sign of friendship,and trust , Eating plays a central role in friendship ,business ,medicine ,family and love. In short, food is life. When eating, the rice is separated into your own personal bowl, but the dishes are placed in communal bowls in the center of the table and everybody help themselves with chopsticks .It's considered polite, and sign of respect and friendship, to encourage other people to eat plenty of the good bits, even to pick up food with your chopsticks and drop it into their rice bowls for them. Food is an important component of weddings, funerals and almost all Chinese festivals. New Year is the time for dumplings, the Dragon Boat Festival is the time for sticky rice Zongzi wrapped in leaves, and Mid -Autumn Day is the time for Moon Cakes. The dinner table is the best for forum  to close business deals ,and it's the number one thing to do with friends. Chinese women express their admiration for the opposite sex by cooking delicious meals of many courses, and these days it's the other way round too. In short, if you want to get to know Chinese people, understand Chinese culture and thinking and get into Chinese life, you have to eat and appreciate Chinese food. \n Answer: Different Foods for Different Chinese Food",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7b93319ff0ff4c2d8344591f108bc325",
            "input": "Article: Do youwanttoimprovetheway youstudy? Do you feel nervous before a test? Many students say that a lack of concentration is their biggest problem. It seriously affects their ability tostudy, sodotheir test results.If so, use these tips tohelpyou. Study Techniques         *You should always study in the same place. You shouldn't sit in a position that you use for another purpose. For example, when you sit on a sofa to study, your brain will think it is time to relax. Don't watch TV while youare studying. Experts warn that your concentration may be reduced by 50 percent if youattempttostudyin thisway. Always try tohave a white wall in front ofyou, so there is nothingtodistract(make less concentrated) you.  *Your eyes will become tired if youtrytoread a text which is on a flat surface. Position your book at an angle of 30 degrees. *Don't try to complete too much in one study period.  Finish one thing before beginning another.If you need a break, get up and walk around for a few minutes. Test-taking skills         *All your hard work will be for nothing if youare too nervoustotake your test. Getting plenty of rest is very important. This means donotstudyall night before your test! It is a better ideatohave a  long-termstudyplan. Try tomake a timetable for yourstudywhich lasts for a few months.         *Exercise is a great waytoreduce pressure. Doing some form of exercise every day will also  improveyour concentration. Eat healthy food too.         *When youarrive intheexamination room, find your seat and sit down. Breathe slowly and deeply. Check thetime ontheclock duringthetest, but not too often. Above all, take no notice of everyone else and give thetest paper your undivided attention. \n Answer: Check thetime duringtheexam at a certain time.",
            "output": [
                "Which of thefollowing statements is true accordingtothepassage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5363ec8854e1423287c1b424436beca3",
            "input": "Article: The people who built Stonehenge in southern England thousands of years ago had wild parties, eating barbecued pigs and breaking pottery. This is according to recent work by archaeologists--history experts who investigate   how human beings lived in the past. Archaeologists digging near Stonehenge last year discovered the remains of a large prehistoric village where they think the builders of the mysterious stone circle used to live. The village is about 4600 years old, the same age as Stonehenge and as old as the pyramids in Egypt. It is less than two miles from the famous ancient landmark and lies inside a massive manmade circular dirt wall, or \"henge\", known as the Durrington Walls. Remains found at the site included jewellery, stone arrowheads, tools made of deer antlers, wooden spears and huge amounts of animal bones and broken pottery. \"These finds suggest Stone Age people went to the village at special times of the year to feast and party\", says Mike Parker Pearson from Sheffield University in England. He said many of the pig bones they found had been thrown away halfeaten. He also said the partygoers appeared to have shot some of the farm pigs with arrows, possibly as a kind of sport before barbecuing them. An ancient road which led from the village to the River Avon was also found. Here, the experts think, people came after their parties to throw dead relatives in the water so the bodies would be washed downstream to Stonehenge. Parker Pearson believes Stonehenge was like a cemetery where ancient Britons buried the dead and remembered their ancestors. \"The theory is that Stonehenge is a kind of spirit home to the ancestors.\" The recent discovery of the village within the Durrington Walls shows that Stonehenge didn't stand alone but was part of a much bigger religious site, according to Parker Pearson. People still come to worship and celebrate at Stonehenge today. They meet there when the sun sets on the shortest day of winter and when it rises on the longest day of summer. But the days of barbecuing whole pigs there and throwing family members into the river are a thing of the past. \n Answer: A site where dead people were placed or remembered.",
            "output": [
                "What was Stonehenge according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7ee824bda2804483a40b1b765df06378",
            "input": "Article: How many hours do you spend sitting in a chair every day? Eight hours in the office plus three hours in front of the TV after work is the norm for many people.     You probably don't need an expert to tell you that sitting too much is not good for your health--from an increased risk of heart disease and obesity in the long term,to reduced cholesterol maintenance in the short term,not to mention the strain on your neck and spine.     To make matters worse,many researches show a good diet and regular exercise call't reduce the negative effects of sitting too much.     A 2010 study of nearly 9,000 Australians found that for each additional hour of television a person watched per day,the risk of dying rose by 11 percent.Another study tracked the health of 123,000 Americans between 1992 and 2006.The death rate for men who spent six hours or more per day sitting was about 20 percent higher than for men who sat for three hours or less.     So what can we do about it? Health experts suggest we break up those many hours spent sitting with more hours spent standing.     The BBC conducted a simple experiment with a group of 10 volunteers who usually spent most of the day sitting.They were asked to stand for at least three hours a day.The researchers took measurements Oil days when the volunteers stood,and when they sat around.When they looked at the data there were some striking differences,the BBC reported. Blood sugar leveled off much quicker on the days when the study subjects stood compared with the days they spent in a chair.Standing also burned more calories----about 50 calories an hour.A member said although doing exercise offers many proven benefits,our bodies also need the increase in muscle activity that standing provides. The researchers believe that even small adjustments,like standing while talking on the   phone,will help. \n Answer: Becoming too fat.",
            "output": [
                "What bad effect does sitting too much have?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cbafc4630246476ba74e6de4648eb651",
            "input": "Article: The drug store was closing for the night and Alfred Higgins was about to go home when his new boss approached him. \"Empty your pockets please, Alfred,\" Sam Carr demanded in a firm voice. Alfred pretended to be shocked but he knew he had been caught. From his coat he withdrew a make-up kit, a lipstick and two tubes of toothpaste. \"I'm disappointed in you, Alfred!\" said the little gray-haired man. \"Sorry, sir. Please forgive me. It's the first time I've ever done such a thing,\" Alfred lied, hoping to gain the old man's sympathy. Mr Carr's brow furrowed as he reached for the telephone, \"Do you take me for a fool? Let's see what the police have to say. But first I'll call your mother and let her know her son is heading to jail.\" \"Do whatever you want,\" Alfred shot back, trying to sound big. But deep down he felt like a child. He imagined his mother rushing in, eyes burning with anger, maybe in tears. Yet he wanted to come quickly before Mr. Carr called the police. Mr. Carr was surprised when Mrs. Higgins finally arrived . She was very calm, quiet and friendly. \"Is Alfred in trouble?\" she asked. \"He's been stealing from the store,\" the old man coolly replied. Mrs. Higgins pulled out her hand and touched Mr. Carr's arm with great gentleness as if she knew just how he felt. She spoke as if she did not want to cause him any more trouble. \"What do you want to do, Mr.Carr?\" The woman's calm and gentle manner _ the once-angry store-owner, \"I was going to get a cop. But I don't want to be cruel. Tell your son not to come back here again and I will let it go.\" Then he warmly shook Mrs. Higgins' hand. Mrs. Higgins thanked the old ma for his kindness, then mother and son left. They walked along the street in silence. When they arrived home his mother simply said, \"Go to bed, you fool.\" In his bedroom, Alfred heard his mother in the kitchen. He felt no shame, only pride in his mother's actions. \"She was smooth!\" he thought. He went to the kitchen to tell her how great she was, but was shocked by what he saw. His mother's face looked frightened, broken. Not the cool, bright face he saw earlier. Her lips moved nervously. She looked very old. There were tears in her eyes. This picture of his mother made him want to cry. He felt his youth ending. He saw all the troubles he brought her and the deep lines of worry in her grey face. It seemed to him that this was the first time he had ever really seen his mother. \n Answer: Mr. Carr had planned to forgive Alfred from the beginning.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1b4cc6222c1447368c3bf73a46354178",
            "input": "Article: He leant down to the pickpocket. The heaving and gasping had stopped, but he was still making a show of his breathlessness. \"That's better,\" Mallon said. \"Can you stand up? Try to stand up. Here,\" he said, and gripped the pickpocket's arm and forced him upright until he saw his face for the first time. As the pickpocket labored for breath, he gazed up at Mallon with his dark eyes. \"How could you?\" they asked. Mallon might have said, \"Because you tried to steal from me.\" But he was still conscious of the flush of joy he'd felt when his blow struck home -- when he knew he'd hurt the man. Where that joy came from he couldn't say, but he knew that its roots were deeper than some clumsy failed theft. Fat drops of rain began to patter on the awning  . \"How are you?\" Mallon said. \"Can you walk?\" The pickpocket turned away and leant against the store window with both hands, and his head sank lower as his shoulders rose and fell. A gray-haired woman inside the store rapped on the glass and made a shooing motion. When the pickpocket ignored her, she rapped harder and kept rapping. \"I have to go,\" Mallon said. \"I'm sorry.\" He looked up at the sky. \"I'm sorry,\" he said again, and stepped into the rain and walked quickly up the street. One of the Bangladeshi umbrella sellers was working the corner, and Mallon had just paid seven euros when he heard a woman shouting. He didn't want to look back but did. It was the woman from the shop, pushing and batting the pickpocket away from the window while he bent down and covered his head like a boxer trying to get through the last seconds of a round. Mallon slipped his wallet back into his jacket pocket and took the umbrella that the Bangladeshi had opened for him. The pickpocket was out on the sidewalk now, in the rain. The woman stood just under the awning with her arms crossed over her chest. \"Excuse me, madam,\" Mallon said, coming up to them. \"This man isn't well. He needs to rest a moment.\" \"I know these people,\" she said. \"Our Romans don't want them here.\" The rain fell in sheets, ran down the pickpocket's shiny scalp and face, down his leather jacket. \"Here,\" Mallon said, and offered him the umbrella, but he only looked at Mallon with his hurt dark eyes and then lowered his head again. Mallon bumped him in the shoulder with the handle of the umbrella. \"Go on -- take it!\" he said. And finally, with a beaten, unwilling look, the pickpocket did. And that was when he saw a taxi round the corner with a light glowing on its roof. Mallon ran out waving his arm and the cab turned sharply to the pavement, sending a lot of water over his shoes. He opened the door but couldn't help looking back. The pickpocket had lowered the umbrella to the ground upside down and was leaning on the shaft, head low, neck bared to the sky. \"Wait,\" Mallon said to the driver. He went back and grabbed the pickpocket's sleeve and pulled him to the cab. \"Get in,\" Mallon said, and took the umbrella and pushed him into the back seat. He leaned inside. \"O.K., where do you live?\" \"No Gypsies!\" the driver said. He was twisted around, glaring at the pickpocket. \"Gypsy? Look, he's not well. I'll pay,\" Mallon added. The driver shook his head. \"No Gypsies. Get him out,\" Mallon looked at the driver's nameplate: Michele Kadare. \"It's the law,\" he said, \"If you don't take us, Signor Kadare, I'll report you and you'll lose your license. Believe me -- I am quite serious.\" The driver fastened those pale eyes on Mallon and turned and put his hands on the steering wheel. He raised his eyes to the rearview mirror and he and Mallon exchanged stares. \"O.K., Mr. American,\" he said. \"You pay.\" \n Answer: Between paragraphs 8 and 9.",
            "output": [
                "Where should the sentence \"He hesitated, then turned back.\" be placed?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-969aeb1510bf44ada746418bb0f42b4d",
            "input": "Article: If you have a chance to go to school in prefix = st1 /America, you should keep the following in mind: *If a teacher asks you a question, you are expected to give an answer. If you do not understand the question, you should raise your hand and ask the teacher to repeat the question. It is all right to tell the teacher that you do not know the answer. Then he or she knows what you need to learn. *There is no excuse for not doing your homework. If you are absent ,you should call your teacher or your classmates and ask for the assignment. It is your responsibility to find out what homework you have missed. *It is impolite to eat, drink or chew gum during class. This is allowed for the break. Removing one' s shoes in the classroom is also not polite. *You must not be absent on a test day. If you are seriously ill, you must call and let the teacher know you will not be there for the test. If your teacher allows a make-up test, you should take the test within one or two days after returning to class. *It is rude to be late. If you must come in late, be sure to do it quietly by having your books and papers out of your bag, then go to your seat and sit very quietly. In the U. S., it is not necessary to knock before you enter the classroom. Most teachers will give you a low grade if you are often late. *Copying another student' s test or paper is never acceptable. It is called cheating. Students who cheat are kicked out in most schools. \n Answer: To introduce some American classroom customs.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-89e9afd8975b4a71a148864b1438118c",
            "input": "Article: Letters to the next president Dear Mr. President: I would like to personally thank you for your time and concern for our great country. I would like to take a few minutes to address a few concerns that I have with the United States. First of all, I would like to address the war. In my opinion, we should have never been involved with Iraq to the extent that we are now. I believe we should pull our troops out. However, I think there should be a time table that we follow but the time table should not be released  because the enemy does not need to know when we are going to pull out. Also, the war takes out a ton of our money, which leads me to my next issue. The economy right now, in the opinion of many Americans is the biggest issue with which we are facing right now. No one can predict what will happen one day or the next. The obvious thing to do is to put 700 billion dollars in the economy, but that bill failed and was rejected by the House of Representatives . Instead of putting 700 billion dollars in, I think the money should be equally distributed among Americans to pay off their debts. I'm not sure if this would work, but I think it is a positive alternative  we could take. My final issue I would like to call to your attention is teacher's salaries. The high school students of today are America's future. In a way, America's future depends greatly on the high school teachers of America. Saying this, it is sad that teacher's salaries are where they are. While teachers are working harder and harder every day to teach high school students, CEO's of big companies that are driving our countries economy into the ground are getting bonuses. I'm not saying that teacher's salaries should be the same of CEO's of companies, but I do strongly believe that action should be taken to increase the salaries of teachers because they have one of the most important jobs in America - - preparing our country for the future. Once again, thank you for your time and your effort you put in to making this great country a better place. Sincerely, Walker \n Answer: Positive",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's attitude towards the Iraq War?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72fc8bd7823b455e9bf8aeacee87d283",
            "input": "Article: \"I like your smile, but unlike you put your shoes on my face\". A charming way of saying \"Keep off the grass\". But could you figure it out? Or this: \"Wash Clothing Store\" for laundry. They are both typical Chinglish, a combination of English vocabulary and Chinese grammar. Expressions such as \"people mountain people sea\", means extremely crowded, and \"give you some color to see\", meaning a punishment, are widely known and recognized. Chinglish has been attracting global attention in recent years as China grows rapidly in status on the world stage, attracting both fans and detractors . The Beijing Speaks Foreign Languages Programme and English First China Company, a language trainer known as EF Education, jointly launched a campaign to root out poor grammar and misused vocabulary in downtown Beijing. They argue Chinglish is an embarrassment that we should let it die out at all costs. \"It is meaningful to allow the capital to show its most beautiful historical and cultural heritage to the world.\" Michael Lu, vice-president of EF Education said, \"since the launching of the campaign, foreign teachers and students had been very keen to volunteer participation.\"He believed signs were very important in public services. \"The signs in some old buildings confused foreign visitors. Chinglish, although the target of much criticism, has also won supporters who regard it as an interesting way for foreigners to learn how Chinese people think and express themselves. \"Many Chinglish logos carry Chinese elements and they will enrich the English language,\" 32-year-old Oliver Radtke said. He had even published a book \"Chinglish: Found in Translation,\" on the subject. About 50,000 copies of the book have been sold since it was published in 2007. Some Chinese university experts also side with Chinglish. \"English has absorbed elements from other languages such as French and Spanish in its growth, and the emergence of Chinglish again testifies  to the language's vitality and inclusiveness,\" said Shi Anbin, an associate professor of Tsinghua University. \n Answer: Chinese people combined English vocabulary with Chinese grammar.",
            "output": [
                "How did Chinglish come into being?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3a1fc505dc1a415ebb2d6a9c3575f1c4",
            "input": "Article: The best swimmers tend to be tall and thin with long arms, long legs, long feet, and long hands. The size of their hands gives them great \"water grasp\", and only a very small hand movement keeps them afloat. They also have great strength, endurance, insulation  against heat loss while in water below body temperature, thus better energy conservation, low resistance  when in the water, and swimming stroke mechanics . Part of the reason why some people are better swimmers than others has to do with body density. The average person's body density is slightly less than that of water. Muscle has greater density than fat. Therefore, very muscular people tend to be poor at staying afloat. Bone has greater density than fat. Therefore, very skinny people tend to be poor at staying afloat. Good buoyancy  is not necessarily the most important factor in good swimming, but it certainly helps. For example, great competitive swimmers--tall, thin, and usually more muscular than average--tend to have greater body density than average and less buoyancy. Many would not float very well if they remained motionless in the water. Their much greater \"water grasp\" makes up for it.  www.ks5u.com The average woman contains a higher proportion  of fat in her body than the average man, and the average man contains a higher proportion of muscle in his body than the average woman. Therefore, in general, women are better floaters than men. Compared with other competitive sports, the performance of women is closer to that of men in competitive swimming. \n Answer: Higher body density reduces swimming ability.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the passage about body density?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76d34f6b59bf43db82dc7429d249b4a8",
            "input": "Article: Women with an hourglass figure have brains to go with their curves  , scientists claim. Going in at the waist is said to be a sign of intelligence which leads to brighter children, too. Women such as Nigella Lawson with a big difference between their waist and hip measurements scored singificantly better in tests than those with thinner, straighter frames. Researchers concluded that it was not necessary for a woman to be skinny--what mattered is that her waist should be smaller than her hips. A ratio of 3:5 was found to be ideal. The study, by the Universities of Pittsburgh and Califrnia, involved 16,000 women and girls.  According to the scientists,  _ They claim that the fat around curvy hips and thighs   holds higher levels of -3 fatty acids which are essential for the growth of the brain during pregnancy . The fat which collects around the waist, however, is more likely to contain -6 fatty acids, which are less suited to brain growth. Reporting in the journal Evolution an Human Behaviour,the researchers found that the children of curvy mothers are more likely to do well in cognitive tests than others. They claim that this could help explain why the children of teenage mothers--who might not yet be physically mature enough to have developed real curves--tend to do less well in school. As well as boosting   brainpower, -3 fatty acids found in oily fish are considered to be of huge health benefit. Althoug the study analysed women's bodies only, -3 fatty acids are also stored in men's hips. However, it is not known whether men with wide hips benefit from the same brainpower boost. \n Answer: Waist:60cm;Hip:100cm",
            "output": [
                "Suppose the following measurements are taken from four women. Which of them is more likely to have bright children?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f04447b933b24b61bf84c174a86bc96a",
            "input": "Article: Will life in the future be better, worse or the same as now? Futurologists predict that life will probably be very different in 2050. First of all, it seems that TV channels will have disappeared by 2050. A computer will send the program directly to the television. On TV screen appear holograms , which are pictures with certain height, width and depth. We will be able to see, smell and touch the things that we see on television. Water has become one of our most serious problems. Agriculture is changing and people are growing more fruit and vegetables to export. Demand for water will increase ten times in 2050. Some futurologists predict that water will be the cause of war if we don't act now. In transport, cars will run on new fuels and go very fast. A car will have computers to control its speed and there won't be any accidents. On the other hand, space planes will take people around the earth in about three hours. People will fly from Los Angeles to Tokyo by space plane in just half an hour. In the field of technology, robots will have replaced people in factories. By 2050, we will see robots everywhere. They do not ask for pay rises or go on strike, and they work 24 hours a day. Medicine technology will have conquered many diseases by 2050; we will be able to help blind and deaf people see again and hear again. Scientists have discovered how to control genes. They have already produced clones of animals and will be able to produce clones of people and decide how they look, how they behave and how much intelligence they have. If you want all this to come true, you should study science and technology hard. \n Answer: We can touch the things we see on TV.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main difference between today's and 2050's TV?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-caa6a22857bb4ebf9e99ecd156a50efd",
            "input": "Article: The London Marathon celebrates its 32nd birthday. That is 32 years of stresses and anxieties, blisters   and painful knees, and tales that are hard to believe. Somehow, I've managed to run four of  _ . And I have medals to prove it. It seemed like a good idea at the time. I watched the first London Marathon on March 29th, 1981. It seemed extraordinary that normal people would want to run 26 miles and 385 yards. And, it must be said that they looked strange and not quite steady at the end of it all. There are, indeed, terrible tales of people losing consciousness when they reach the finishing line. But it drew all my attention. I knew I had to do it. Three years later I was living in London, not far from Greenwich where the event begins, and it seemed the perfect opportunity to give it a go. I was only a short train ride from the starting line, but more than 26 miles from the finish. \"Who cares?\" I thought. By the end I did. The moment I crossed that finishing line and had that medal placed around my neck was one of the finest in my life. The sense of achievement was great. Knowing that I'd run a Marathon felt extremely good. London provides one of the easiest of all the officially approved marathons because most of its course is flat. Yes, there are the cobblestones while running through the Tower of London, and there are the quiet patches where crowds are thin and you are crying out for some encouragement -- those things matter to the \"fun\" runners like myself, but the serious runners don't think of such things. Since 1981,almost half a million people have completed the London Marathon, raising more than $ 125 million for charity. For the majority of the runners, this is what it is all about. It is for charity, for fun, for self-development. I have always loved it. It's crazy, and it's one of the greatest things I've ever done. If you want to feel as though you've achieved something, run a marathon. \n Answer: Greenwich.",
            "output": [
                "From what place does the London Marathon start?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76de4e92a97e486695c7df456e503c64",
            "input": "Article: Once home to the world's largest trading port,East London is a lovely and cultural place to visit.Here are some of the places of interest there. Aquarium          Beachfront,Esplanade,East London Tel:705 2637           Open daily:9 a.n5 p.m. Fish Feeding:daily at 10:30 a.m.and 3:00 p.m    Seal Show:daily at 11:30 a.m.and 3:30 p.m.(Performances are only 10 minutes long.) Fees:adults-PS9,children(3--16 years)PS5,school /groupsPS3 per person- This is the o1dest aquarium in the country.It is also a large office for Tourism in East London,supplying booklets and information to the public* Border Birders Club is one of the programs here.This is a super birding club where the whole family can have a nice Saturday walk around,looking at different types of birds and talking with the friendly members along the way.For more information,look for the notice on the nonce boards outside the Beacon Bay Library and at the Aquarium or call 735 2195* Calgary Transport Museum 13km from East London on N6 to Stutterheim Tel:730 7244            Open daily:9 a.m.4 p.m. Closed:Friday&Christmas Day        Fees:adults-PS5,childrenPS3. Fine collection of restored horse drawn vehicles,carts,wagons,buggies ,a gypsy caravan and governess cart. Museum--The East London Museum Upper Oxford Street(Entrance and parking in Dawson Road)         Tel:743 0686     Fax:743 3127 Open:Monday--Friday 9:30 a.m.5 p.m.;Saturday 2p.m.5p.m.:Sunday &Public Holidays 11 a.m.4 p.m. Fee:adultsPS5,childrenPS2,school groups&scholars in uniform are free. Go on a wonderful adventure into the past.Best known as the home of the Coelacanth &world's only Dodo Egg,the museum also has an excellent display about the rich and color1ful Culture of Xhosa,living in South Africa.There is also a Museum Cafeteria with refreshments. \n Answer: PS12",
            "output": [
                "How much would a couple with one child pay to go to The East London Museum?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-61c4d17da9c74be69976bc2c1a5c1a36",
            "input": "Article: Do you know what your child is going to do when the school bell rings at the end of the day? More than 14 million students leave school every afternoon and have nowhere to go, since they do not have access to affordable after-school opportunities. According to the National Youth Violence Prevention Resource Center (NYVPRC), nine out of ten Americans think all youths should have access to after-school programs, but two-thirds of parents say they have trouble finding programs locally. The bad news is that situation may be getting worse. After-school hours are the peak time for _ crimes and risky behaviors, including alcohol and drug use. The NYVPRC states that children who do not spend any time in after-school activities are 49 percent more likely to use drugs and 37 percent more likely to become a teen parent. Kids are also at the highest risk of becoming a victim of violence after school, particularly between the hours of 2p.m. and 6p.m.. The highest amount of juvenile crime occurs between 3p.m. and 4p.m. , when most children are dismissed from school. The NYVPRC defines after-school programs as safe and structured activities that offer children opportunities to learn new skills. The skills students learn can range from technology and math to reading and art. Some programs also offer opportunities for internship , community services , or mentoring. These programs have been shown to improve academic achievements, as well as relieve the stresses on working families. A report by the U.S. Department of Education and the U.S. Department of justice shows that students in after -school programs have fewer behavioral problems and more self-confidence , and can handle conflicts better than students who are not involved with these programs. In addition, according to the Harvard Family Research Project, after-school programs help students from low-income families overcome the inequities   they face in the school system. \n Answer: The benefits of after-school programs.",
            "output": [
                "What is the theme of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-15b3bbf166f04e21b9b9d36826b04590",
            "input": "Article: It's not every week that England's greatest playwright William Shakespeare hits the headlines, but the Bard of Avon   has been the subject of two news stories in recent days as new information has come to light about the writer and his working environment. In the first development, a portrait of Shakespeare, which is believed to be the only picture painted of him during his lifetime, was _ in London. The artwork has been dated back to 1610, meaning it was painted six years before the writer's death. The painting had been owned by a family descended from Shakespeare's literary patron   tor hundreds of years without them ever knowing who the man in the picture was. Alec Cobbe, who inherited the portrait, realized that the painting was a likeness of Shakespeare after visiting an exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery where he saw a portrait that had, until 70 years ago, been accepted as a life portrait of Shakespeare. Mr Cobhe immediately realized he was looking at a copy of the painting that had been in his family for centuries. The painting will now go on display in Shakespeare's hometown Stratford-upon-Avon. In a separate story, archaeologists in London believe they have unearthed the remains of Shakespeare's first theatre. The site was excavated  by a team from the Museum of London last summer, and is believed to have been built in 1576. Experts think that Shakespeare himself acted at the theatre, which may have been where the play Romeo and Juliet was premiered  . It is believed that 25 years after construction, the building was pulled down and moved timber by timber to the South Bank of the Thames, where a reconstruction of the theatre now stands. \n Answer: Shakespeare's portrait.",
            "output": [
                ".What is the story mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-349c615d9f0d4c3aa210118ade681f41",
            "input": "Article: In my procession as an educator and health care provider, I have worked with numerous children infected with the virus that causes AIDS. The relationships that I have had with these special kids have been gifts in my life. They have taught me so many things, but I have especially learned that great courage can be found in the smallest of packages. Let me tell you about Tyler. Tyler was born infected with HIV: his mother was also infected. From the very beginning of his life, he was dependent on medications to enable him to survive. When he was five, he had a tube surgically inserted in a vein in his chest. This tube was connected to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack on his back. Medications were hooked up to this pump and were continuously supplied through this tube to his bloodstream. At times, he also needed supplemented oxygen to support his breathing. Tyler wasn't willing to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease. It was not unusual to find him playing and racing around his backyard, wearing his medicine-laden backpack and dragging his tank of oxygen behind him in his little wagon. All of us who knew Tyler marveled at his pure joy in being alive and the energy it gave him. Tyler's mom often teased him by telling him that he moored so fast she needed to dress him in red. That way, when she peered through the window to check on him playing in the yard, she round quickly spot him. This dreaded disease eventually wore down even the likes of a little dynamo like Tyler. He grew quite ill and, unfortunately, so did his HIV-infected mother. When it became apparent that he wasn't going to survive, Tyler's mom talked to him about death. She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too, and that she would be with him soon in heaven. A few days before his death, Tyler beckoned me over to his hospital bed and whispered, \"I might die soon. I'm not scared. When I die, please dress me in red. Mom promised she's coming to heaven, too. I'll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me.\" \n Answer: optimistic.",
            "output": [
                "What is the boy Tyler's attitude towards death?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dee17bcb8ba34ed0a35ba720a5857e00",
            "input": "Article: STOCKHOLM---William Campbell, Satoshi Omura and Tu Youyou jointly won the 2015 Nbel Prize for medicine for their work against diseases caused by parasites , the award-giving body said on Monday. Irish-born Campbell and Japanese Omura won half of the prize for discovering a new drug, avermectin, that has helped the battle against river blindness and lymphatic filariasis, as well as showing effectiveness against other parasitic diseases. The Chinese scientist Tu Youyou was awarded the other half of the prize for discovering artemisinin, a drug that has significantly reduced the mortality rates for patients suffering from malaria. \"These two discoveries have provided humankind with powerful new means to combat these debilitating diseases that affect hundreds of millions of people annually,\" the Nobel Assembly at Sweden's Karolinska Institute said in a statement in awarding the prize of 8 million Swedish crowns ($960,000).\" \"The consequences in terms of improved human health and reduced suffering are immeasurable. \" In an interview after the announcement, Juleen R. ZAierath, chairman of the Nobel Committee told Xinhua that Tu's \"inspiration from traditional Chinese medicine\" was important. \"But what was really important was that Tu Youyou identified the active agent in that plant extract ,\" said Zierath, adding \" there was a lot of modern chemistry, bi0-chemistry attached to this to bring forward this new drug.\" Despite rapid progress in controlling malaria in the past decade, the mosquito-borne disease still kills more than half a million people a year, the vast majority of them babies and young children in the poorest parts of Africa. \n Answer: Her discovery has greatly reduced the death rate caused by malaria",
            "output": [
                "Why was Tu Youyou awarded the Nobel Prize?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d005d164d0fc4eb39a186bcfc9c84934",
            "input": "Article: The president of Indonesia, Joko Widodo, is asking for foreign help to fight forest and agricultural fires in his country. According to Mr Widodo, Indonesian helicopters are only able to carry a small amount of the water needed to put out the fires. \" _ \" the Associated Press reported his comment. The Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space says more than 1,300 fires are burning across the country. The government has sent about 25,000 soldiers, police and firefighters in six provinces to battle the fires. Indonesian farmers and some businesses often burn rainforest to clear land at this time of year. The burning usually takes place during the country's dry season. But a large rise in palm oil production on peat lands is blamed for the many fires this year. Peat is made partly of dead plants, which burns easily and is often used as cooking fuel. The resulting thick, black smoke has polluted skies over Indonesia and four other countries. The burning has worsened air quality, closed schools and caused any outdoor activities to stop. The smoke is not only affecting people; it is affecting wildlife. In Indonesian Borneo, an animal rescue center says some of its animals have developed breathing problems. If the fires continue, a lot more could become sick and some could die. Scientists have warned that the fires this year could be worst ever because of a weather system called El Nino. They say the weather system has created extremely dry conditions in Indonesia. \n Answer: Some other countries besides Indonesia have been affected by the fires.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-638132f2c5c54859bbf631a1307bf4da",
            "input": "Article: Animal moms are great moms. You might be surprised at some of these moms. Octopuses  The octopus mother lays  about 50,000 eggs. For about 300 days, she stays with the eggs, cleans them and protects them. She does not leave to feed. However, this animal mom dies as soon as the eggs are hatched . Crocodiles   A crocodile mother puts a lot of time and effort  into raising her babies. She starts by building a nest which she guards for over two months! When the eggs are ready to hatch, the young crocs call out to their mother, who digs them out and helps them hatch. She then carries them  in  her mouth down to the water, where she will guard them for several more weeks or months until thy learn to hunt on their own. Bats  Bats become moms by hanging head up in a cave, giving birth. Catching the youngsters before it can fall to the ground below, she puts it in a pouch   .Bat moms may carry babies with them when feeding for the first few days. As the little bats get bigger and heavier, moms help them hang on the wall of their caves and return to feed them. It continues for about three weeks, until the babies are grown up and able to fly on their own. Koalas  The animal mom gives birth after pregnancy of only 35 days. The hairless baby climbs into its mother's pouch and lives there for another five months. When the little koala is between five and eight months old, it leaves the pouch for short periods of time but returns for safety. Once it is too big to return to the pouch, it will climb onto its mother's back and ride there until it is about 12 moths old. \n Answer: Octopuses",
            "output": [
                "Which animal moms die when their babies are born?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9e26d2980f7549edaded24ef961f0f90",
            "input": "Article: European Day of Languages falls on 26 September. BBC News Online reported the attitudes across several European Union countries to languages. Tamsin Smith, Rome, Italy Italians place very high importance on learning languages, particularly English. Twenty years ago it was quite difficult to find an English speaker here but today it is quite easy. The strong influence of American and English culture helps young people to learn the English language. They often become familiar with it through \"Harry Potter\" books or Disney movies. English schools, where Italian children are taught all their lessons in English, are also becoming popular among rich Italians. Lucien Libert, Paris, France Languages are very important in France. A good knowledge of the English language is necessary for many Frenchmen to get a good job and the more languages you can learn, the better. English is the first language you learn in school and you start very young. Most people have at least eight years of learning English at school. Learning German or Spanish comes next and Latin is also taught in most schools. While French people learn languages, there is also a movement to protect the French language. James Helm, Dublin, Ireland The English language predominates  in Ireland, but the ancient Irish language is a lasting source of pride and interest, and it remains a living tongue that is used in several areas. School are required to teach ancient Irish, and most students learn it as part of the subjects. There is a continuing discussion about how to protect the language best. In recent years some primary schools have introduced foreign language classes for younger students, and the Irish government has tried to encourage schools to offer more languages such as French, Spanish, German and Italian. \n Answer: Some popular books and movies help young Italian people with their English a lot.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Tamsin Smith?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d3cf22c938344f07b1e759bf79facabf",
            "input": "Article: Many years ago in a small German town, a Jewish businessman had the misfortune of owing a large sum of money to the moneylender. The moneylender, who was old and ugly, fancied the businessman's beautiful daughter. So he proposed a bargain. The moneylender told them that he would put a black pebble and a white pebble into an empty bag. The girl would then have to pick one pebble from the bag. If she picked the black pebble, she would become the moneylender's wife and he would _ her father's debt. If she picked the white pebble, she need not marry him and her father's debt would still be forgiven. But if she refused to pick a pebble, her father would be thrown into jail. They were standing on a pebble-strewn path. As they talked, the moneylender bent over to pick up two pebbles. The sharp-eyed girl noticed that he had picked up two black pebbles and put them into the bag. He then asked the girl to pick a pebble from the bag. No doubt she was caught in a dilemma. What would you have done if you were the girl? Careful analysis would produce three possibilities: 1.The girl should refuse to take a pebble. 2.The girl should know that there were two black pebbles in the bag and expose the money-lender as a cheat. 3.The girl should pick a black pebble and sacrifice herself in order to save her father from his debt and imprisonment. The above story is used with the hope that it will make us appreciate the difference between lateral  and logical thinking. Read on... The girl put her hand into the moneybag and drew out a pebble. Without looking at it, she fumbled and let it fall onto the pebble-strewn path where it immediately became lost among all the other pebbles. \"Oh, how clumsy of me!\" she said. \"But never mind, if you look into the bag for the one that is left, you will be able to tell which pebble I picked.\" Since the remaining pebble is black, it must be assumed that she had picked the white one. And since the moneylender dared not admit his dishonesty, the girl changed what seemed an impossible situation into an extremely advantageous one. \n Answer: The girl picked a black pebble and accepted the result.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following indicates lateral thinking?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c892ea6290e84f67a8979381b116fbdb",
            "input": "Article: Old age may not sound exciting.But recent findings offer good news for older pepole and for people worried about getting older. Researches found that people become happier and experience less worry after they reach the age of fifty.In fact,they say by the age of eighty--five,people are happier with their life than they were when they were eighteen years old.  The findings came from a survey of more than 340,000 adults in the United States.The Gallup Organization questioned them by telephone in 2008.At that time,the people were between the ages of eighteen and eighty--five.The searches asked questions about emotions like happiness,sadness and worry.They also asked about mental or emotional stress. Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study.His team found that levels of stress were highest among adults  between the ages of twenty--two and twenty--five.The findings showed that stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties.Happiness was highest among the youngest adults and those in their early seventies.The people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their seventies and eighties. The study also showed that men and women had similar emotional patterns as they grew older.Hower,women at all ages reported more sadness,stress and worry than men.Researchers say they do not know why happiness increases as people get older.One theory is that,as people grow older,they grow more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotion .They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences. The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children,being unemployed or being single.But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well--being related to age. \n Answer: They telephoned people between the ages of 18 and 85.",
            "output": [
                "How did the researchers find older people happier?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aca42ad1d2584bc99d0b51412bbfaee2",
            "input": "Article: Asia has long tradition of tea- drinking. And China is no exception. However, lately more and more Chinese people are turning to a different drink. Coffee has become an increasingly popular choice of Chinese people living abroad and in the country's huge cities. It is also a popular crop among those living in the mountains of southern Yunnan Province. In big cities such as Beijing, coffee shops seem to be on nearly every major street corner. These shops are not just selling drinks from Starbucks, the world-famous coffee company. Coffee businesses from South Korea, Taiwan, HongKong and Britain are also operating in China. Tea-drinking is steeped in the culture and traditions of many countries, like China and Japan. But is that changing? Are young people from Asia now choosing a cup of coffee instead of tea? BeiBei Su is from China. She has been living in the United States for the past eight years. Before that, she lived in Italy for two years. Ms. Su says she likes tea better than coffee. But she adds that may not be true among the young generation in China. Many young Chinese people drink coffee socially --when meeting with friends. Yang Lin lives in the U.S. but comes from an area in China famous for growing tea. She used to only drink tea while in China. But now, she says, she drinks both and for different reasons. Yang Lin says that drinking coffee for her is a social event. She and her co-workers like to sit in a cafe and talk over a cup of coffee. Voyo is another Chinese woman who now lives in Washington, D.C. She says that after moving to the U.S. Her tastes changed. We would call her a coffee _ , someone who now chooses to drink coffee. With more people drinking coffee, many see an economic opportunity for Chinese -grown beans. China-grown coffee could be a money- maker even if most of the coffee on sale in China is imported. \n Answer: More and more Chinese are choosing coffee to drink",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mainly introduce?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fa8f5c9b368d4c7e9fa7ec48a2c2f13c",
            "input": "Article: The young policeman, Constable Rider, walked more quickly than usual, because of the cold, but he did not consciously   neglect any part of his work. His torch flashed on doorways and windows as he looked for anything that was at all suspicious, and when he ever thought that anything was unusual, he went to try the door and window, probably unheard by the people sleeping in the room just above his head. As he turned a corner, he heard a slight rustling sound -- it might be a cat, it could even be a dog, although few dogs wandered about at night. Rider saw nothing. A cat then? Usually if you disturbed a cat, it ran off and jumped, and you heard or noticed something else. By doing a lot of night, you learned to notice these things, but now all Rider noticed was the silence which had followed the rustling sound. So he acted cautiously. He did not flash his torch about the houses near the corner but walked on, and, a little way from the spot where he heard the sound, stopped and bent his head, as if he was lighting a cigarette. A policeman who stopped to light a cigarette seemed the most unsuspicious policeman in the world. There was still no sound. There were bushes in the garden of the house where Rider had first heard it and he knew that a man could hide there out of sight. But if he went back, it would warn any such man. So instead he stood and shone his torch at the window nearest him, and as if he had noticed something unusual, he walked towards it and opened the wooden gate, which made no sound at all. He reached the entrance and shone the torch on the keyhole of the front door -- and as he did so, the rustle came again, this time much more softly. He looked round quickly. \n Answer: Looking for anything out of the ordinary.",
            "output": [
                "What was Constable Rider doing on this very cold evening?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19345f950bdc4c8bbe8ff5e8fbf06945",
            "input": "Article: We know that sugary sodas aren't good for our bodies. Now it turns out that they may not be good for our minds, either. A new study of more than 260,000 people has found a link between sweetened soft-drinks and depression, and diet sodas may be making matters worse. Americans drink far more sodas than people in other countries-- as much as 170 liters per person per year. But the impact of this study isn't limited to the United States. \"Sweetened drinks, coffee and tea are commonly consumed worldwide and have important physical consequences. And they may have important mental-health consequences as well,\" study author Dr Honglei Chen said in a statement. The study studied 263,925 people between the ages of 50 and 71. Researchers followed their consumption of drinks like soda, tea coffee, and other soft drinks from 1995 to 1996 and then. 10 years later, asked them if they had been diagnosed with depression since the year 2000. More than 11,3000 of them had. Participants who drank more than four servings of sodas per day were 30 percent more likely to develop depression than participants who did not drink sodas at all. People who stuck with fruit punch , had a 38 percent higher risk than people who didn't drink sweetened drinks. And all that extra sugar isn't the actual problem. Researchers say that the artificial sweetener _ may be to blame. The study found a link but could not surely determine whether sodas and other sweet soft drinks cause depression. Still, the results \"are consistent with a small but growing body of evidence suggesting that artificially sweetened beverages may be linked to poor health outcomes.\" But there's a bright side for those who can't live without their daily sodas. Adults who drank coffee had a 10 percent lower risk of depression compared to people who didn't drink any coffee, according to the study. \"Our research suggests that cutting out or down on sweetened diet drinks or replacing them with unsweetened coffee may naturally help lower your depression risk,\" said Chen. \n Answer: Sweetened soft-drinks have important physical consequences.",
            "output": [
                "What has the new study of more than 260,000 people found?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9106f8ffb6142fcab2f62f572724f7f",
            "input": "Article: Can you imagine traveling to work in a one - man submarine? Some scientists believe that some day one - man submarines will be as many as automobiles are today.A famous French driver says, \"One day soon, men will walk on the ocean floor as they do on the street!\" Perhaps during your lifetime people will travel, and live in the sea. If human beings want to live in the ocean, many human problems will need to be studied first. Some of these problems, similar to those of living in outer space, are pressure, lack of oxygen and weightlessness. Many questions are still unanswered.For example, can our blood make itself fit for underwater surroundings? What will happen to our muscle if we live in the water very long? Scientists are looking for answers. Perhaps in the future man will live in the sea, away from the crowded and noisy cities on land.Then sea has plenty of space, not only for floating living buildings and parks, but also for storing supplies and for underwater travel. Some scientists believe that ocean living will benefit man in more than physical ways. In the freedom and beauty of the deep sea, man may find new sources of joy. \n Answer: We can travel and work in the sea.",
            "output": [
                "What can we do if we live in the ocean?  (   )"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d2d3f29da5dc4e9096a5f2b7f7073fc8",
            "input": "Article: It was in the Victorian Era  that the novel became the leading form of literature in English. Most writers were more concerned to meet the tastes of the middle class. The best known works of the period included the works of Charles Dickens and the Bronte sisters and others. Charles Dickens came on the literary scene in the 1830s. Dickens wrote vividly about London life and the struggles of the poor. Most of his works were written in a very humorous style, which was popular with readers of all classes. The Bronte sisters were English writers of the 1840s and 1850s. They began to write from early childhood. In 1846 they published the first book at their own expense as poets; however, their book attracted little attention, selling only two copies. Then the sisters turned to writing novels, each producing a novel in the following year. An interest in rural matters and the changing social and economic situation of the countryside may be seen in the novels of Thomas Hardy and a number of others. Literature for children developed as a single style. Some works became well-known, such as those of Lewis Carroll and Edward Lear. Adventure novels were written for adults but are now generally grouped in the list for children. Helen Beatrix Potter was an English author at the end of the Victorian Era, best known for her children's books, which featured animal characters. In her thirties, Potter published the highly successful children's bookThe Tale of Peter Rabbitin 1902. \n Answer: He described the struggles of the poor in London.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about Charles Dickens from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72f9806ef6554a82ac84b3ab10ab877c",
            "input": "Article: I went on line to check if my pay was in my bank account . To my amazement I discovered that not only had I been paid, but a company I'd never worked for had also paid me! I know I would have been beside myself   if my own salary was not in my account, so I tried to get the money back to the right person. Easier said than done. The bank couldn't help as it \"wasn't a bank problem.\" The human-resource department at the company that paid me was unable to help as I didn't have enough details. I rang the bank again. Thankfully I had a sympathetic call operator who gave me a name, so I again rang the company \"Daniel\" worked for. I expected the bank would contact me to arrange to take the money from my account and repay Daniel. I heard nothing for a month and the money remained in my account when Daniel called, explaining he'd tried to get back his money but had been unsuccessful as neither the bank nor his company felt it was their error. He had rung to ask if I could speak to the bank, but after chatting for a few minutes we realized we could probably fix this problem ourselves. We decided I would take the money from my account and he would pick it up from me. Due to my busy job I was unable to meet Daniel personally but he left me a lovely bottle of wine in exchange for what was rightfully his. I never had any intention of keeping Daniel's pay but red tape made it difficult to do the right thing. It all came down to two people being able to do what a huge bank and a large company couldn't do -- admit a mistake has occurred and fix it. \n Answer: He wanted to return it to the right person.",
            "output": [
                "What was the attitude of the author towards the extra money in his bank account?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af25865344e34a27b1d5e7ed93a4fe91",
            "input": "Article: How would you like to brush a crocodile's teeth? Or give a shark a bath? Cats are well-known for the way they keep themselves clean by licking , but other animals have their own ways to stay clean as well. And tidiness can be important for their survival. Even cockroaches  have to keep their feelers clean to help them into food. Many animals in the wild, such as deer, wolves and bears, have an automatic cleaning system. Insects like to attach themselves to animals to feed on the skin or blood. These parasites  can be unhealthy. But their \"host\" animals are constantly dropping skin and fur by a natural process. They also like to rub up against trees or rocks to comfort themselves, and this removes additional skin and fur. Along with old fur goes the dirt and parasites living in the fur. While these animals may sometimes take a bath when they enter or cross a river or lake, they don't need the water to stay clean. They don't get sweaty, because they don't have sweat glands  all over their bodies the way people do. Growing new skin and fur is enough to keep them clean. Some animals and birds use dust to get clean. Chinchillas, a kind of small animal that lives in the mountains of South America, have a very fine fur. (They are raised for their fur, in fact.) If they took water baths, they might get too cold. So, instead, they roll around in fine dust, raising quite a cloud as they \"bathe\". The dust helps to keep their fur and skin dry. This protects them from bacteria and parasites that enjoy warm and wet places. And the fine dust doesn't stick in their fur for long. It falls off or blows away. As for lions and tigers, their rough tongues act like combs and can remove dirt and loose fur. Why is it important for them to stay clean and smooth? It helps them stay cool in very hot summer or feel warm in cold winter. \n Answer: For animals, cleanliness is a survival skill.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95382f1d731b49b38757d869178adc2d",
            "input": "Article: I find some of the ways in which Chinese parents show love for their children rather surprising. Obviously there are some pretty big differences between our behaviors and theirs in this respect. Most Chinese children seem to get whatever they want, from ice creams, sweets and toys to endless attention from the adults around them. Is this a sort of spoiling or love? I wonder. Most westerners would think it is a sort of spoiling rather than love. We think love means educating your children and bringing them up to lead an independent life. That includes learning to accept the fact that he can't get everything he wants. As an adult, he will not always get the quite expensive car he hunts for; she will not always manage to acquire the beautiful dress she longs for. So we try to teach our children early to cope with the disappointment of not getting what they want. I find too much such kind of love for the children can actually spoil them. To my surprise, it seems that the life of a Chinese child is rather hard. Without doubt, the child is the very center of a whole circle of adults, but on the other hand he or she is also expected to start studying according to adults' wishes. Many children of my son's age take piano lessons, painting classes and even English lessons. It looks as if Chinese adults think that just playing without learning anything is a waste of time. So in this respect our children appear spoiled, just because they are allowed to play. But without this sort of play how can western children develop such free and rich imaginations? In fact the connection between this imagination and the creativity is so important in the children's future life. \n Answer: Their demands can always be satisfied.",
            "output": [
                "In which way do most Chinese children seem to be spoiled?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eef02a656d1049d892301a940147711f",
            "input": "Article: *Ms Tan, you've referred to your new novel as your eighth book. That's because it took me six or seven attempts at a second novel before I started and completed this one. *Why do you think you had so many false starts? I would say that my reasons were wrong. I was trying to prove that I wasn't just a mother-daughter storyteller, or I was trying to prove that I didn't just have to write about things that were strictly Chinese or Chinese-American. Those were never the right reasons for writing those early stories. And I could never come up with other better reasons for continuing them. *What kept you going on this book? This book was different because it was based on my mother's real life. The reason for writing it became more personal and emotional. AfterThe Joy Luck Clubcame out, my mother was always explaining to people that she wasn't any of the mothers in that book. And at one point she said to me, \"Next book tells my true story.\" And then she started telling me things I never knew before. She also told me many, many stories, because my mother doesn't generalize . The book really grew out of that. *Have you ever visited China? Yes. I've been there twice: about three years ago and then again last November, both times with my mother and my husband. *Was it difficult to understand the Chinese-American dialect  without sounding like a parody ? No, because it's the language I've heard all my life from my mother. She speaks English as it's direct translation from Chinese. But it's more than that. Her language also has more imagery than English. *Can you think of an example? Somebody might say to me, \"Don't work so hard. You'll kill yourself.\" My mother will say to me,\"Why do you press all your brains out on this page for someone else?\" So it's very vivid. That's the way she talks. *Have many readers told you that the Chinese mother in your book reminded them of the typical Jewish   mother? Many people have told me that. I think the mother-daughter relationship is very intense  in both cases. Culturally there is an acceptance that mothers have the power to tell their children, especially their daughters, how to conduct their lives --- not simply up until the time they are 18, but for the rest of their lives. However, when children grow up in a different culture from their parents',they tend to keep more secrets from their parents. The children think, \"They just wouldn't understand that I had to do this.\" And that can really create a gap, and it can grow as the number of secrets grows. \n Answer: A story-writer.",
            "output": [
                "Based on the questions in this interview, what do you think Ms Tan' s profession is?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-021d11d647cf43ebb29d878f4ab1c886",
            "input": "Article: Discover Nature Schools programs Becoming Bears (Kindergarten-2 grade) By becoming baby bears, children learn from their \"parent\" to survive the seasons. Kids will find safety in the spring and learn kinds of food bears eat during the summer, and then create a cave for winter hibernation . After learning the skills needed to survive, students will go out of the cave as an independent black bear able to care for themselves. (1.5-2 hours) Whose Clues? (3-5 grade) Kids will discover how plants and animals use their special structures to survive. Through outdoor study of plants and animals, kids will recognize their special structures and learn how they enable species to eat, avoid their enemies and survive. Using what they have learned, kids will choose one species and tell how they survive in their living places. (3-4 hours) Winged Wonders (3-5 grade) Birds add color and sound to our world and play an important ecological   role. Students will learn the basics of birds, understand the role birds play in food chains and go bird watching using field guides and telescopes. Students will do hands-on activities. Students will use tools to build bird feeders, allowing them to attract birds at home.(3-4 hours) Exploring Your Watershed (6-8 grade) We all depend on clean water. Examining how our actions shape the waterways around us. Go on a hike to see first-hand some of the challenging water quality problems in a city. Students will test the water quality to determine the health of an ecosystem. * Each program is taught for a class with at least 10 students. * All programs include plenty of time outdoors. So please prepare proper clothing, sunscreen and insect killers for children. * To take part in a program , please email dcprograms@mdc.mo.gov. \n Answer: Learn how to survive a bear attack.",
            "output": [
                "What can kids do at Becoming Bears?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-082dc4926f6b4af6905bb4c296cca381",
            "input": "Article: Like many other small boys, I was fascinated by cars, not least because my oldest brother was a bit of a car guy and subscribed to cool magazines like Car and Driver and Motor Trend. Every so often, one of those magazines would run an article on the \"Car of the Future\". They featured unconventional styling and things like small nuclear reactors as power sources. Yet, frankly, my car doesn't do anything that my brother's Studebaker didn't do. It goes, it stops, it burns gasoline, it plays music. I still have to steer it, and it still runs into things if I don't steer it carefully. But guess what? All of these things are subject to change in the not-so-distant future. It will still go and stop, but it may not burn gasoline, I may not have to steer it, and it may be a lot better at not running into things. Airbags aren't the be-all and end-all in safety. In fact, considering the recent news about people occasionally being killed by their airbags in low-speed collisions  ,they obviously still need some development. But they aren't going away, and in fact, you can expect to see cars appearing with additional, side-impact airbags, something some European car manufacturers already offer. Better than systems to minimize   injury in the event of an accident, however, are systems that minimize the likelihood of an accident happening in the first place. Future cars may be able to eliminate many of the major causes of accidents, including drunk-driving, tailgating   and sleepiness. Cars could be equipped with sensors that can detect alcohol in a driver's system and prevent the car from being started, for example. Many accidents are caused by people following the car in front too closely. As early as next year, you'll be able to buy cars with radar-equipped control systems. If the radar determines you're closing too quickly with the car in front, it will ease up on the throttle  . For city streets, expect other radar devices that will give advance warning that the car in front of you has slowed abruptly   and you should step on the brakes-or that may even brake for you. Will cars eventually be able to drive themselves? There's no reason to think it won't be technically possible, and Mercedes is working on a system that can brake, accelerate and steer a vehicle down a highway on its own. Nobody really expects people to give up all control to their cars, but such systems could be used as failsafe systems to keep cars on the road and bring them safely to a stop even if the driver suddenly became disabled. \n Answer: Because he read exotic things about cars in his brother's magazines.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the author fascinated by cars?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5d53abb77c6f45ffae1aa0168c314dea",
            "input": "Article: Children in the United States are exposed to many influences other than that of their families.Television is the most significant of these influences,because the habit of watching television usually begins before children start attending school. Parents are concerned about the lack of quality in television programs for children.The degree of violence in many of these shows also worries them.Studies indicate that,when children are exposed to violence,they many become aggressive or insecure. Parents are also concerned at,out the commercials that their children see on television. Many parents would like to see fewer commercials during programs for children.And some parents feel that these shows should not have any commercials at all because young minds are not mature enough to deal with the claims made by advertisers. Educational television has no commercials and has programs for children that many parents approve of The most famous of these is Sesame Street,which tries to give preschool children a head start in learning the alphabet and numbers.It also flies to teach children useful things about the world in which they live. Even though most parents and educators give Sesame Street and shows like it high marks for quality,some critics argue that all television,whether educational or not,is harmful to children.These critics feel that the habit of watching hours of television every day turns children into bored and passive consumers of their world rather than encouraging them to become active explorers of it. \n Answer: Some critics think that television is no good for children.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT based on the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5464424a06ab432aa789f796d2333583",
            "input": "Article: These days we hear a lot about how air pollution is changing temperatures on the earth. New evidence from a mountaintop in China now suggests that pollution can also change the amount of rain and snow that falls in some places. Usually, more rain falls in mountainous places than in flat areas upwind from the mountains. That's because air can hold a lot of water. When wind blows wet air up a mountainside, the air gets colder. This temperature change often forces water to fall as rain or snow. In recent years, however, many mountainous areas in the western United States have been getting less rain than normal. Mountains that are downwind from cities have experienced the biggest drops. Some scientists have theorized that pollution drifts  from the cities into the mountains, affecting rainfall, but proving this link has been difficult. Searching for answers, a team led by a scientist from the Hebrew University went to s mountain in China called Mount Hua, which is 2,060 meters tall and lies about 120 kilometers east of the Chinese city Xi'an. Since 1954, scientists have been collecting details about rainfall, humidity , and visibility in the area. Using this data, the scientists compared rainfall on Mount Hua to rainfall in the nearest city, Huayin, on days with different levels of visibility. When the air was clear and people could see as far as 20 km, the scientists found that 65% more rain fell on the mountain than in the city. But when the air was smoggy, allowing only 8 km of visibility through the mist, the mountain received just 20% more rain than the city. The new data supports the theory that pollution affects rainfall. Some scientists believe that there are other explanations for the numbers. It's possible, for example, that natural particles in the air, rather than particles produced by pollution, are affecting visibility. \n Answer: It will probably rain or snow",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what will probably happen when the wet air in the sky gets colder?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-70ca9f68e1134a6cb29dd120b5d90ffe",
            "input": "Article: Researchers believe that the insect  is better at managing congestion   than humans. Ants are the most many type of animal on earth with brains that contain about 250,000 cells ---- the largest among insects. Now an intelligence expert Dr. Dirk Helbing says understanding more about ants could help solve one of the headaches of modern life -- road congestion. His team set up an \"ant motorway\" with two routes of different widths from the nest to some sugar syrup  . Soon the narrower  route soon became crowded . But when an ant returning along the crowded route to the nest met with another ant just starting out, the returning ant pushed the newcomer onto the other path. However, if the returning ant had enjoyed a trouble-free journey, it did not send the newcomer in a different direction. The result was that just before one route became _ , the ants had turned to another route and traffic jams never formed. The researchers also created a computer model of more complex ant networks with routes of different lengths. The team found that even though ants being sent in another direction sometimes took a longer route, they still got to the food quickly and efficiently. Dr. Helbing, of the Dresden University of Technology in Germany, said that while you cannot allow cars to meet with traffic coming in the opposite direction as a form of traffic control, you could do the next best thing and allow them to communicate. His plan is to force cars traveling in one direction to tell oncoming traffic what the conditions they are about to meet with-- so they can avoid that situation if necessary. \n Answer: The ant will push the newcomer to the other route, so traffic jams won't form.",
            "output": [
                "If an ant returns along crowded route to the nest, how does the ant solve the traffic problem?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-268bbb955c424f10aa977fab1add0b29",
            "input": "Article: True real friends double your happiness and half your burdens. Basically how you would like a true real friend to be,you should be like this to your true friends. Trust and forgiveness are some ingredients of a true friend. True friendships are hard to come by. And what's more,life is short. So treasure these friends if you have already had them. If you don't continue to search,because once you have them,life becomes so much easier to live,no matter what happens. I have been through pretty rough patches and I dare say,without my friends I would not have made it. Friendships need lots of energy and patience to maintain  them. Not to mention time too. When your friend needs you,sometimes when things are not going too well on your side,it is often so easy to turn a deaf ear to their pleas. It is especially during these times,that you must find the strength in you to help your friend. And it is during these times that your friendship will be forged  and made stronger. And you must always be happy for their successes,even when things are not going too well on your side. It might be hard to do for some people but it is something that you need to learn. Think about all the sacrifices your friend has made for you and all the times when he or she was happy for you despite his or her own troubles. Remember,true _ friends _ are _ the _ next _ best _ thing _ to _ family. They will always be your pillar of support no matter what happens. Always. \n Answer: Your friend is very happy for your getting a first prize in a match though he failed in it.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following belongs to a true friend's behavior?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-863c9457f0324db0853357915bff8390",
            "input": "Article: Children's lives have changed greatly over the last 50 years.But do they have a happier childhood than you or I did? It's difficult to look back on one's own childhood without some element of nostalgia .I have four brothers and sisters, and my memories are all about being with them.Playing board games on the living room floor, or spending days in the street with the other neighborhood children, racing up and down on our bikes, or exploring the nearby woods.My parents scarcely appear in these memories, except as providers either of meals or of severe blame after some particularly risky adventure. These days, in the UK at least, the nature of childhood has changed dramatically.Firstly, families are smaller, and there are far more only children.It is common for both parents to work outside the home and there is the feeling that there just isn't time to bring up a large family, or that no one could possibly afford to have more than one child.As a result, today's boys and girls spend much of their time alone.Another major change is that youngsters today tend to spend a huge amount of their free time at home, inside.More than anything this is due to the fact that parents worry far more than they used to about real or imagined dangers, so they wouldn't dream of letting their children play outside by themselves. Finally, the kind of toys children have and the way they play is totally different.Computer and video games have replaced the board games and more interesting activities of my childhood.The irony  is that so many ways of playing games are called \"interactive\".The fact that you can play electronic games on your own further increases the sense of loneliness felt by many young people today. Do these changes mean that children today have a less relaxing childhood than I had? I personally believe that they do, but perhaps every generation feels exactly the same. \n Answer: Parents worried too much about their children",
            "output": [
                "Which is NOT a reason for the changes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d056eaa49f64774ae4839cdc7730467",
            "input": "Article: There is growing concern about food insecurity in the developing world. Rising food prices, weather emergencies and political problems are deepening the struggle for families in many countries. Three UN agencies have published a report recently, saying high prices are likely to continue. Gregory Barrow, who is with the World Food Program in Rome, says, \"If you look at the places where the World Food Program works, particularly in developing countries, you see people who might be spending more than 60 percent of their salary in purchasing food for their families.\" East Africa is suffering its worst drought in years. In Kenya, at least three and a half million people are going hungry, mostly in the north. Yet food is going to waste in central Kenya. Now, farmers there want the government to buy their food and give it to those in need. Farmers say bad roads and lack of transportation make it difficult for them to get their produce to the market. Mr. Barrow says, \"It needs the government to make some arrangements such as providing transport. They can buy it at a good price, then give it to those people instead of asking for food from overseas, which is very bad. When we are throwing away food, _ are asking for food from overseas.\" Economists say that imports reduce local food prices, decrease productivity  and increase the dependency on other countries. Farmers in Kenya hope the government can pay higher prices for their crops so that they can feed more Kenyans. \n Answer: A Report Published by Three UN Agencies.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19c64594a986485da92703d27f36e7e8",
            "input": "Article: It is said that most people have not more than 30 friends at any given time, and 400 over the whole of their lives. However, on social networking sites, most users have about 150 friends. If these numbers are correct, then friendship means different things in different situations. Also, there are no rules about friendship. There are no instructions about how to make friends, how to keep friendships going, and how to finish friendships if we want to move on. People have very different opinions about this: some people would die for their friends and they value them more than family. Others say that friends are temporary, only there to help each other until they are no longer needed. If people with such different views become friends, this can lead to problems. Because of these different definitions of friendship, it is easy to be unhappy about our friendships. We may want them to be deeper or closer, or we may want to have more friends in our lives. Sometimes we simply do not have the time to develop our friendships, or we fear we have left it too late in life to start. If we move to another country or city, we have to find ways to make new friends again. This dissatisfaction shows us how important friendships are for most of us. We should not think that it could be too late to build friendships. We also need to understand that the need to be around other people is one that is shared by many. Therefore, we should not be too frightened about starting to talk to people who in the future may become our friends: it is likely that they too would like to get closer to us. Remember what people say: strangers are friends we have not met yet. \n Answer: 30 friends or fewer at a certain stage.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, how many friends do the majority of people probably have?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fad27c8ef5174b10a52cb37cd3ba0b43",
            "input": "Article: Most of us remember our teachers well. Three successful Americans talk about the teachers who encouraged them. Kevin Henkes is an excellent author and illustrator whose books include Lilly's Purple Plastic Purse, The Year of Billy Miller, and Kitten's First Full Moon, which won the Caldecott medal. \"I grew up in the school days of silent hallways and desks in neat,evenrows. One day, our forth-grade teacher allowed the class to move the desks out of rows intogroups of four. It might seem like a small thing now, but it taught me that you could do things differently; you could think outside the box. That teacher helped me view my world differently. Good teachers can change lives.\" Katherine Applegate has won many awards for her books, including the Newbery Medal for The One and Only Ivan. She also created the Animorphs series with her husband, Michael Grant.\"My sixth-grade teacher in Michigan sensed that 1 wanted to write,so one day she sent me home to write about the word'blue'in as many ways as possible. Because of that,for the first time in my life, I thought of myself as someone with special skills as a writer, someone who was unique. My teacher's actions said'I see something special in you.'\" In his role as U.S.Secretary of Education, Arne Duncan is in charge of the department that collects data and directs research on America's schools.\"My high school English teacher was amazing. She challenged us to express our ideas clearly in class and in our writing. There was no such thing as a bad question. She wanted to hear from us and encouraged us to speak up and express ourselves. She pulled things out of me that I didn't know I had inside. I think that is the genius of good teachers.\" \n Answer: by asking her to write in various ways.",
            "output": [
                "How did the teacher encourage Katherine Applegate?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-17c503cc58f4491c9aab70f8439774e7",
            "input": "Article: I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I'm in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There, 'I'm having a dinner party' means: 'I'm booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you can't afford and we'll be sharing the checque evenly, no matter what you eat.' Worse, in Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. They'll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who don't drink, end up paying even more. But if I try to use the same trick, the hostess will shout: \"Where are you going?\" And it's not like I can say I have somewhere to go: everyone knows I have nowhere to go. But in London, dinner parties are in people's homes. Not only that, the guests are an interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India, Denmark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations in New York. The mix is less striking. It's like a gathering at Bloomingdale's, a well-known department store. For New Yorkers, talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York. But at Mallery's, when I said that I had been to Myanmar recently, people knew where it was. In New York people would think it was a usual new club \n Answer: More interesting.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think of the parties in London?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af3f6fa5fee3455bb7876e6b0fd26df6",
            "input": "Article: I was shopping in the supermarket when I heard a young voice. \"Mom, come here! There's a lady here my size!\" The mother rushed to her son; then she turned to me to apologize. I smiled and told her, \"It's okay.\" Then talked to the boy, \"Hi, I'm Darry Kramer. How are you?\" He studied me from head to toe, and asked, \"Are you a little mommy?\" \"Yes, I have a son,\" I answered. \"Why are you so little?\" he asked. \"It's the way I was born,\" I said. \"Some people are little. Some are tall. I'm just not going to grow any bigger.\" After I answered his other questions, I shook the boy's hand and left. My life as a little person is filled with stories like that. I enjoy talking to children and explaining why I look different from their parents. It takes only one glance to see my uniqueness. I stand three feet nine inches tall. I was born an achondroplasia dwarf  . Despite this, I did all the things other kids did when I was growing up. I didn't realize how short I was until I started school. Some kids joked on me, calling me names. Then I knew. I began to hate the first day of school each year. New students would always stare at me as I struggled to climb the school bus stairs. But I learned to smile and accept the fact that I was going to be noticed my whole life. I decided to make my uniqueness an advantage rather than a disadvantage. What I lacked in height, I made up for in personality. I'm 47 now, and the stares have not _ as I've grown older. People are amazed when they see me driving. I try to keep a good attitude. When people are rude, I remind myself, \"Look what else I have--a great family, nice friends.\" It's the children's questions that make my life special. I enjoy answering their questions. My hope is that I will encourage them to accept their peers (a person of the same age, class, position, etc.), whatever size and shape they come in, and treat them with respect. \n Answer: Because the mother thought the boy's words had hurt the author.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the mother apologize to the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-30b1560c27754e25b5fa1e498ee4758a",
            "input": "Article: The number of smokers in England is about 8 million. According to the Department of Health, smoking is the biggest cause of early death in the country. Smokers in England have been asked to give up smoking for 28 days this month, in an action backed by Cancer Research UK and the British Heart Foundation. Research shows people who manage not to light up for this length of time are 5 times more likely to kick the habit. Public health experts say campaigns that include a combination of hard-hitting ads and supportive messages work best. Quitting smoking can be difficult. However, people are much more likely to succeed if other people are doing the same than if they try to do it alone and _ . Robert West, Director of Tobacco Studies at University College London, points out how pressure from people around can prevent a smoker going on smoking. \"We are social animals,\" he said. The action has met some doubts among readers of the BBC News Online website. Some compared it to asking people to stop eating as a way of fighting overweight. Others doubt the action's effectiveness. \"Its weakness is that it fails to explain why a person smokes, and the reasons are as many as the number of smokers\", says someone who signed as BluesBerry. Another reader, Cazz, has decided to give it some credit. He says:\" Campaigns like this won't necessarily inspire the majority of smokers to quit, but may encourage those thinking about quitting to set a date and try. Surely it's worth a shot. \" \n Answer: A new action to quit smoking.",
            "output": [
                "What does the text mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fefa0ce92e5b43a69e931924f9a75d0f",
            "input": "Article: Benin is one of the smallest African states. It lies in West Africa on the Gulf   of Guinea, to the south of Burkina Faso and Niger, between Togo on the west and Nigeria on the east. Benin used to be called Dahomey and was controlled and ruled by France from 1893 to 1960, when it became independent. In 1963 the army general Soglo overthrew   the first president Maga. Soglo set up an army government and called himself head of state in 1965, but was overthrown and replaced by a civilian   government in 1967. In December 1969 Benin had another change of power with the army again taking over. In May 1970, Maga and two other men set up a new government, with each of them acting as president in turn for two years. However, half a year after Maga turned over power to the second man Ahomadegbe, the three-man government was overthrown by the army once more and General Kerekou became president. In November 1975 Kerekou changed the name of the nation from Dahomey to Benin, Benin being the name of a 17th century kingdom covering the same place. Kerekou also announced that Benin would be a People's Republic based on Marxism-Leninism. \n Answer: 15 years.",
            "output": [
                "For how long was Benin an independent state before it became a People's Republic?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dba62df6d4284a6b9a0850b986dc3cf0",
            "input": "Article: My friends, as you know, my television career began unexpectedly. I was 16 years old in Nashville, Tennessee and I was in the Miss Fire Prevention contest. They had the requirement of having to have red hair in the final part until the year I entered the final. And to my joy the swimsuit competition was also cancelled. That year they were doing the question and answer period.  ''Why, young lady, what would you like to be when you grow up? '' And by the time they got to me all the good answers were gone. I had seen Barbara Walters on the Today Show that morning so I answered: '' I would like to be a journalist. I would like to tell other people's stories in a way that makes a difference in their lives and the world. '' And as these words were coming out of my mouth, I went whoa! This is pretty good! I would like to be a journalist. I want to make a difference. Well I was on television by the time I was 19 years old. And in 1986 I launched my own television show with the determination to succeed at first. I was nervous about the competition and then I had no competitor but I still pushed myself as hard as I before. Eventually we did make it to the top and we stayed there for 25years. The Oprah Winfrey Show was number one for 21 years and I have to tell you I became pretty comfortable with that level of success. But a few years ago I decided that it was time to break new ground. So I ended the show and launched OWN, the Oprah Winfrey Network. But only one year later after launching OWN nearly every media said that my new attempt was a failure. Not just a failure but a big failure they called it. I can still remember the day I opened up USA Today and read the headline ''Oprah, not quite standing on her OWN. '' I mean really, USA Today? Now that's the nice newspaper! This time last year was really the worst period in my professional life. \n Answer: Through television show.",
            "output": [
                "How did she manage to make her television show to the top and stay there for 25 years?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a8f8a7c03a6e4c398f6219229d023bf1",
            "input": "Article: It seemed like there were quarrels every evening.My children were always fighting over something.They never agreed on who had last washed the dishes,or who had last picked the,TV program.I was tired of constantly being a judge. One day,I thought over what my life was like before marriage.I recalled my high school days when the terms\"Odd \"day/and\"Even\"day meant something.My class schedule changed by turns between \"O\" days and\"E\"days.On O days I might attend Physics and Maths. And on E days I'd go to another elective class,such as First aid or Art. So I explained our new system to the children.\"Jolee,you were born first,\"I said. \"Is one an odd number or all even one?\" \"It's odd,Mom.\"     \"And A1,you arrived second.Is two odd or even?\" \"It's even,Mom.\" \"Ok,so Jolee,from now on,every odd day is automatically your own special day.That means you get to pick what to watch,or which board game to play.Al,the same applies to you on even days.\"     He thought about it a minute,then said,\"But there are more odd days than even ones in some months.Jolee will get'her day'two times in a row when a month ends in 31,and the next one begins with a one.\" \"True,\" I said,\"but that also means she'11 be taking the smelly,disgusting rubbish out,washing the dishes,and doing other less-enjoyable things two more days in a row,and you won't.It's part of life's give-and-take.\" For the first few days after that,whenever one kid shouted,\"Mom!\"I'd just call out,\"Whose day is it?\"That settled it.Soon.the quarrelling ended. Ah,the complete joy of peace and quiet ! \n Answer: Her dull marriage.",
            "output": [
                "What made the writer bored?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3283ffb248ad43cf8de7d2f641586d15",
            "input": "Article: This story took place a long time ago. But it has been repeated time and time again. Everyone is moved by the true story.   An old man was knocked down by a car and was taken to hospital. He was badly hurt, and during his few returns to consciousness, he repeatedly called for his son.   None knew where his son was. A dirty letter was found in his pockets. The nurse learned that his son was a solider inprefix = st1 /North Carolina.   The hospital called the Red Cross offices to find the young man. The young solider was rushed to the airport in time to catch the plane.   It was evening when the young solider walked into the hospital. A nurse took him into the bedsides of the old man.   \"Your son is here,\" she said to the man. She had to repeat the words several times before the old man's eyes opened. He dimly saw the young man and got great comfort. He reached out his hand. The young solider held the old man's hand and offered words of hope.   All through the night the young solider sat besides the bed. The nurse offered to watch instead of him for a while. He refused.   At dawn the old man died. The nurse started to comfort him but the solider asked her, \"Who was that old man?\"   \"He was your father,\" she answered.   \"No, he wasn't. I never saw him before.\"   \"I knew right away there was a mistake, but I also knew he needed his son, and his son just wasn't here. I realized I was needed. So I stayed.\" \n Answer: He was seriously injured and would die soon.",
            "output": [
                "What is true about the old man?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d764b35e12b402899d4567fcda61866",
            "input": "Article: Expert Tricks on iPhone 5 We don't want to change your phone, we wanna make you say, wow, that is a bigger change than I expected. iPhone 5 in a result of that desire to surprise. It's been completely redesigned. For the first time ever, we've increased the size of display by making the screen taller but not wider. You can see more of your content without the need to scroll. We are making scrolling the thing of the past. iPhone 5 is more comfortable to use and reduces scrolling tiredness when you are reading long documents. Even with the larger display, iPhone 5 is the thinnest iPhone we ever built. To achieve the design this tall, we have to look at it and completely redesign the internal architecture. It's 18% thinner and 79.5% taller than the previous iPhone. It makes everything you do on iPhone 5 feels easier and just move your arm away. No more hidden menus, no confusing gestures. Everything is right at your fingertips. The panorama feature  is simply awesome. The ultra-HD widescreen display let you get your entire shot in a single snap. You can also use your iPhone 5's innovative design for image stabilization. With an iPhone this tall, reception has never been better. You enjoy crystal clear clarity on even the longest calls. And of course, all your favorite applications are still available. In fact you will find your old favorites also benefit from the new handsome ultra-HD widescreen. We found while many previous iPhone owners were using Facetime, they only used it for the faces. That's why we are introducing Bodytime. Using iPhone 5's ultra-HD widescreen display, Bodytime let you see a person's entire body, allowing you to detect mannerisms and defects like never before. We look way beyond what our thoughts expect, it took all of our learning, all of our thinking to realize something so simple, so clear, and yet so tall. iPhone 5, the tallest thing to happen to iPhone since iPhone. \n Answer: It is shorter, wider and thinner.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about iPhone 5?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5c4872213c394591bc4fab607fc64a5e",
            "input": "Article: It is the summer of 1776. Thomas Jefferson is not happy. He'd rather be home in Virginia than attending Philadelphia's Continental Congress  Thomas Jefferson knew he had a job to do. Important men throughout the American colonies  were meeting in Philadelphis to discuss and debate the war with Great Briain. The colony of Virginia sent Thomas Jefferson to Philadelphia. But  Jefferson wasn't happy. Jefferson wanted to be home that hot summer of 1776. he missed his wife, Martha. She hadn't been feeling well when he left, and he worried about her. On June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee from Virginia stood up at the Congress and announced that \"these American colonies ought to be free and independent states.\" Jefferson probably knew what was coming next. Here was another resolution  to debate. And whenever there was a resolution, there was a declaration. The American colonies had been at war with Great Britain for more than a year, but surprisingly. The colonies had not formally announced their independence. So the Congress appointed a five-man committee to crate a document declaring America's independence. And the committee chose Thomas Jefferson to write it. Jefferson knew he was to list the unfair things Great Britain had done to the colonies. For days and days,, Jefferson wrote and rewrote about the king and his unfair laws. About independence. About freedom. He borrowed ideas from other political writers, but he wrote these thoughts in words that all people could understand. He wanted his ideas to be shared with everyone. And  _ were. The Continental Congress voted to adopt the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. on July 8, it was read out loud to a cheering crowd. No one knew who the author was, but they knew what the Declaration stood for-independence and freedom for all. Still, Thomas Jefferson dreamed of home. In late July he begged Richard Henry Lee to replace him in the Congress. In September, Jefferson's dream finally came true, and he traveled home. Since then, the words Thomas Jefferson wrote during that hot Philadelphia summer have inspired people throughout the world. Thank goodness Jefferson didn't go home. \n Answer: He was concerned about his wife's health",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't Thomas Jefferson want to go to Philadelphia?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-deae052fa99547b9abc87e0fbd478b10",
            "input": "Article: The huge explosion in Tianjin is only a symptom of a much bigger problem plaguing China today ! Laws are often not enforced  , or are enforced half-heartedly. The law clearly prohibits storage of dangerous goods and chemicals within a certain radius of residential areas, and there must be strict adherence to rules on storage and transportation, etc. The fact that this accident  occurred  so close to residential areas, resulting in devastating damage to homes and serious injuries to residents, shows that the law was not strictly enforced. Whoever approved the siting of that logistic plant    in that particular area has a lot to answer for. Often, officials come to take action only after lives are lost. Another case in point is the unfortunate death of a young mother in the escalator accident in a shopping mall recently. Problems with elevators and escalators have been around for ages, and residents have made countless complaints, but to no avail. After the accident, city officials fan out all over the country checking on escalators for faults, and many escalators have been shut down for repairs. This kind of action is a kneejerk reaction   to a serious disaster! There are many disasters waiting to happen. And all are due to weak or non-existent enforcement. For instance, it's well known that many residents add an extra floor to the roof-top of their apartment bocks, endangering the safety of the block, while others dig into their ground floor units to create an extra basement living area, hacking away concrete slabs and cutting steel bars which are the basic foundation of the building, seriously jeodardizing  its safety. Neighbors complain, city officials come round and leave, saying they can't do anything as the owner wouldn't open his door for an inspection! They would often leave a note on the owner's door telling him to stop construction, but true to form, the owner just ignores it. This is the kind of enforcement we see so often in China. What is urgently needed in China is a complete overhaul  of the enforcement practice, with every official held accountable for his failure to enforce the law strictly! Why wait till lives are lost before acting? \n Answer: There is no law for ensuring us safe.",
            "output": [
                "What does the fact that the huge explosion in Tianjin resulted in serious injuries show?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e76ee73e5f254b8d88597eef3d1fc0da",
            "input": "Article: Move Earth--it's no science fiction LONDON--Scientists have found an unusual way to prevent our planet from overheating: move it to a cooler spot. All you have to do is send a few comets in the direction of Earth, and its orbit will be changed. Our world will then be sent spinning into a safer, colder part of the solar system. This idea for improving our climate comes from a group of US National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) engineers and American astronomers. They say their plan could add another six billion years to the useful lifetime of our planet--effectively doubling its working life. The plan put forward by Dr Laughlin, and his colleagues Don Korycansky and Fred Adams is designed to carefully direct a comet or asteroid  so that it passes close by our planet and sends some of its gravitational energy to Earth. \"Earth's orbital speed would increase as a result and we would move to a higher orbit away from the Sun,\" Laughlin said. Engineers would then direct their comet so that it passed close to Jupiter or Saturn. The comet would pick up energy from one of these giant planets. Later its orbit would bring it back to Earth, and the process would be repeated. In the short term, the plan provides an ideal way to global warming, although the team was actually concerned with a much greater danger. The sun is certain to heat up in about a billion years and so \"seriously _ \" our biosphere by cooking us. That's why the group decided to try to save Earth. The plan has one or two worrying aspects, however. For a start, space engineers would have to be very careful about how they directed their asteroid or comet towards Earth. The smallest miscalculation in orbit could fire it straight at Earth--with deadly consequences. There is also the question of the Moon. As the current issue of Scientific American magazine points out, if Earth was pushed out of its current position, it is \"most likely the Moon would be stripped  away from Earth,\" it states. This would greatly change our planet's climate. \n Answer: The moon is moving farther and farther away from Earth.",
            "output": [
                "What makes the scientists plan to move Earth?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-46c2f43c2b3c49c4b46bb03e3f739d82",
            "input": "Article: Only if you don't have a fear of heights do you want to visit the CN Tower. And if you can take a trip to the top of it will surely be worth it. The CN tower is Canada's most famous symbol and the centre of tourism in Toronto. Over 550 meters, it is one of the tallest building in the world; on a clear day the view is wonderful. Each year, around 2 million people take the elevator ride to the top of the tower to take in the breath-taking view at the top of the world. Once you are at the top, see if you have the courage to walk across the see-through glass floor . If you are hungry, plan to eat at the revolving restaurant at the top of the tower. The floor in the 360-degree restaurant rotates once every 72 minutes allowing everyone a complete view of the city below. The CN tower has broken record many times, winning such titles as World's Longest Metal staircase ,World's Tallest building and , most recently , World's Highest Wine Cellar. In 1995, the CN tower was considered as one of the seven wonders of the Modern World. Today, the top of the tower, more than 333m in the air, serves as the year-round workplace for more than 550 people. The tower's workers help to make the world-class attractions and food there. While at the CN tower, you'll also have the chance to visit gift shops. You will find the CN Tower in the heart of downtown, on Front Street. On the north shore of Lake Ontario, the CN Tower is open 364 days a year(closed on Christmas Day). \n Answer: A woman having high blood.",
            "output": [
                "Who can't visit the CN tower?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-75fb51bc77cc44e9866650de4d6cb98c",
            "input": "Article: An ancient Egyptian mummy thought to be that of Pharaoh Ramses I has returned home after more than 140 years in North American museums. The body was carried off the plane in Cairo in a box covered in Egypt's flag. The Michael Carlos Museum gave it back after tests showed it was probably that of the man who ruled 3,000 years ago. The US museum acquired it three years ago from a Canadian museum, which in turn is thought to have bought it from Egyptian garve robbers in 1860. The mummy was welcomed back home with songs and military band music during a ceremony at the national museum in Cairo. Zahi Hawass, head of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities , traveled from the US with the body and said it would be moved next year to the Luxor Museum in southern Egypt. \"We are not 100% sure that mummy is that of Ramses I,\" said Mr. Hawass. \"But we are 100% sure that it is of a king.\" Atlanta's Michael Carlos Museum acquired the mummy in 1999, but offered to return it after hi-tech scanning equipment indicated it was likely to be that of Ramses I. The museum website said it had been acquired from the Niagara Falls Museum. It is thought a Canadian collector bought the mummy for the Niagara Falls Museum around 1860 from an Egyptian family which had came across a tomb filled with royal mummies at a site near Luxor. Mr. Hawass praised the handover as \"a great, civilized gesture\". And he appealed to other world museums to return Egypt's antiquities, particularly the Rosetta Stone in the Britain Museum and the Bust of Nefertiti in the Berlin Museum. \n Answer: the Michael Carlos Museum",
            "output": [
                "Where was Ramses mummy kept in just before the handover?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0d67217edc754995a51e307a013cd331",
            "input": "Article: At exactly eleven Sir Percival knocked and entered, with anxiety and worry in every line of his face. This meeting would decide his future life, and he obviously knew it.        \"You may wonder, Sir Percival,\" said Laura calmly, \"if I am going to ask to be released  from ray promise to marry you. I am not going to ask this. I respect my father's wishes too much. \"         His face relaxed a little, but one of his feet kept beating the carpet.        \"No, if we are going to withdraw. from our planned marriage, it will be because of your wish, not mine. \"        \"Mine?\" he said in great surprise. \"What reason could I have for withdrawing?\"        \"A reason that is very hard to tell you,\" she answered. \"There is a change in me. \"         His face went so pale that even his lips lost their color1. He turned his head to one side.         \"What change?\" he asked, trying to appear calm.        \" When the promise was made two years ago\", she said, \" my love did not belong to anyone. Will you forgive me, Sir Percival, if I tell you that it now belongs to another person?\"        \"I wish you to understand\", Laura continued, \"that I will never see this person again, and that if you leave me, you only allow me to remain a single woman for the rest of my life. All I ask is that you forgive me and keep my secret.\"        \"I will do both those things, \" he said. Then he looked at Laura, as if he was waiting to hear more.         \"I think I have said enough to give you reason to withdraw from our marriage,',she added quietly.         \"No. You have said enough to make it the est wish of my life to marry you, \" he said. \n Answer: Excited.",
            "output": [
                "How did Percival feel during his meeting with Laura?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4805a7093468465990806bed2d18f3c2",
            "input": "Article: The classical Chinese theatre developed during the Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368). Plots of Yuan plays came from story cycles made familiar by storytellers. During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), the drama used the plots of popular novels. Until the 19th century, Chinese drama was not spoken; it was a mixture of music and declamation  . Like the Sanskrit   drama, Chinese drama avoids tragedy as that term is understood in the West. However, it is frequently filled with a feeling of pity and sympathy, often involving the deaths of women. Chinese drama is more social and less concerned with romantic love than the Sanskrit. One's family and country are frequently regarded as more important than the individual. In contrast to the Sanskrit drama, Chinese drama was written for the popular audience, and dramatic performances took place in every village. There are many Chinese plays in existence. Among the  _ of them areThe Injustice Suffered by Dou Eby Guan Hanqing,The Western Chamber by Wang Shifu,The Peony Pavilionby Tang Xianzu, andThe Palace of Eternal Youthby Hong Sheng. In the West, Chinese drama has traditionally been regarded as an entertainment rather than a serious art form. One of the reasons for this judgment is the formlessness of Chinese plays. For example, Hong Sheng's The Palace of Eternal Youth, a play in 49 scenes doesn't have any act divisions. In Chinese drama, no attempt is made at realism. The scenery is symbolic. For instance, a flag represents an army and characters at times directly address the audience. Since the early 19th century, the Beijing opera has been the leading force in the Chinese theatre. After World War I, a realistic, spoken drama, patterned after Western plays, developed. \n Answer: Chinese Drama",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5bc22592098741f09e8a0d3d86f1b003",
            "input": "Article: Community theatre is a theatre that is run by a local district with the efforts of volunteers. They offer many different kinds of productions, such as musical theatre, dance theatre and children's theatre. Usually, performers are amateurs who receive no pay, but at other times professionals get involved, and they are paid. Community theatres of today are a little different from the old \"little theatres\", as most simply run by colleges and their theatre Community theatres are a great way to get involved with local actors. Now, most theatres that put on shows that will entertain or benefit the community. In the 1880s, \"little theatre'' was started in Europe so that poor people could see theatrical productions without having to travel far or pay a lot. In 1910, this idea traveled to the United States. In the early years, community theatres were even funded by the government, but when shows became too political, government funding was stopped. Community theatres of today are a little different from the old \"little theatres\", as mist simply want to infuse little culture into the lives of the local citizens. In many cases, these theatres are run by colleges and their theatre departments. These productions are often free of charge, or charge very little money to pay for costumes and other incidental expenses. Many also encourage the participation of children and other young people to let them develop theatrical skills, as well as to keep them busy so that they do not do choose to get into trouble. Additionally, for those who desire strongly to become professional actors and to one day get a chance to act in a national theatre production, it is an exciting place to learn and develop theatrical skills. \n Answer: To get people interested in theatrical productions.",
            "output": [
                "Why was \"little theatre\" started in Europe?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4fba62b3c78d4410858835591c2a468f",
            "input": "Article: Scientists have long puzzled over how iguanas, a group of lizards  mostly found in the Americas, came to live in the isolated Pacific islands of Fiji and Tonga. Some scientists used to suppose that they must have traveled there on a raft, a journey of around 5,000 miles from South America to the islands. There are documented cases of iguanas reaching remote Caribbean islands and the Galapagos Islands on floating logs. But new research in January by Brice Noonan and Jack Sites suggested that iguanas may have simply walked to Fiji and Tonga when the islands were still a part of an ancient southern supercontinent. The ancient supercontinent was made up of present-day Africa, Australia, Antarctica and parts of Asia. If that's the case, the island species would need to be very old. Using \"molecular   clock\" analysis of living iguanas' DNA, Noonan and Sites found that, sure enough, _ has been around for more than 60 million years--easily old enough to have been in the area when the islands were still connected by land bridges to Asia or Australia. Fossils   uncovered in Mongolia suggest that iguanid ancestors did once live in Asia. Though there's currently no fossil evidence of iguanas in Australia, that doesn't necessarily mean they were never there. \"The fossil record of this continent is surprisingly poor and cannot be taken as evidence of true absence,\" the authors write. So if the iguanas simply walked to Fiji and Tonga from Asia or possibly Australia, why are they not also found on the rest of the Pacific islands? Noonan and Sites say fossil evidence suggests that iguana species did once inhabit other islands, but went extinct right around the time when humans settled in those islands. But Fiji and Tonga have a much shorter history of human presence, which may have helped the iguanas living there to escape extinction. The researchers say that their study can't completely rule out the rafting theory, but it does make the land bridge theory \"far more reasonable than previously thought.\" \n Answer: They traveled by raft to Fiji and Tonga.",
            "output": [
                "What did some scientists previously believe about the iguanas?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3df2f2143a6b4d38bc45b02fb61e15d8",
            "input": "Article: Three key facts about rising sea levels need to be pointed out to the world's politicians and planners: sea-level rise is now unavoidable, it will happen faster than most of us thought, and it will go on for a very long time. Even greenhouse gas emissions   stopped tomorrow, the oceans will continue to become larger as they get warm. The climate scientists estimate that sea-level rise may be in the range of 1 to 2 meters by 2100, with a small risk of an even greater rise. For many islands and low-lying regions, even small rises will cause disasters. But for most countries, the problem is what has been built on that land: New York, Sydney and Tokyo, to mention just a few cities. Unless something can be done, great areas of urban network will disappear under the waves. It will take a great engineering effort to protect these cities---an effort that may be beyond economies that have been brought to their knees. None of this means we should fear, and stop trying to forbid emissions. But together with these efforts, we need to start acting now and we must stop building in danger zones. Billions of dollars are being spent on constructing homes, offices and roads in _ coastal areas. For instance, the skyscrapers of Shanghai are being built on land that is merely 4 meters above sea level on average, and they are sinking under the weight of the buildings. Therefore, planning for new coastal developments is to go against reality. If we want to build a lasting heritage for our children, we should do so on the plentiful land that is in no danger from the sea. It is one of the effective ways to slow down climate change, and we should be acting on it now. \n Answer: It may be caused by fast urban development.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about sea-level rise is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6cfd48813fc240f2a6b256a9ac75680d",
            "input": "Article: Why does most of the world travel on the right side today? Theories differ, but there's no doubt that Napoleon was a major influence. The French had used the right since at least the late 18th century. Some say that before the French Revolution, noblemen drove their carriages on the left, forcing the peasants to the right. Regardless of the origin, Napoleon brought right-hand traffic to the nations he conquered, including Russia, Switzerland and Germany. Hitler, in turn, ordered right-hand traffic in Czechoslovakia and Austria in the 1930s. Nations that escaped right-hand control, like Great Britain, followed their left-hand tradition. The U.S. has not always been a nation of right-hand rivers; earlier in its history, carriage and horse traffic traveled on the left, as it did in England. But by the late 1700s, people driving large wagons pulled by several pairs of horses began promoting a shift to the right. A driver would sit on the rear   left horse in order to wave his whip with his right hand; to see opposite traffic clearly, they traveled on the right. One of the final moves to firmly standardize traffic directions in the U.S. occurred in the 20th century, when Henry Ford decided to mass-produce his cars with controls on the left (one reason, stated in 1908; the convenience for passengers exiting directly onto the edge, especially... if there is a lady to be considered). Once these rules were set, many countries eventually adjusted to the right-hand standard, including Canada in the 1920s, Sweden in 1967 and Burma in 1970. The U.K. and former colonies such as Australia and India are among the western world's few remaining holdouts. Several Asian countries, including Japan, use the left as well -- thought many places use both right-hand-drive and left-hand-drive cars. \n Answer: Hitler ordered them to go to against their left-hand tradition.",
            "output": [
                "Why did people in Switzerland travel on the right?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-be86a7c0145b4785996eb0c29461edb1",
            "input": "Article: A child sits at his desk waiting for the teacher to hand back his test and praying that it is not sprayed with red marks. Fellow students in the classroom know a paper that has several red markings on it will usually receive a lower grade. The child with many red markings on his test will quickly fold the paper and stuff it into his desk in the hope that no one will see his test. There is an education movement to retire the reds for softer color1s of purple, green, and blue pens to mark students' work. Many educators understand the psychological harm the constant red markings on the paper do to a child's self-esteem. After a child receives his test back with countless red markings there is a rare chance that he will bother to find out his errors. It is too embarrassing in the classroom to examine his errors and also many children do not want to show their parents their red stained test. The purpose of grading a paper or test is to identify the child's weakness and offer suggestions to improve their ability in a specific subject. Red markings are too   for the student to calmly understand their errors ; instead they become upset and begin their self-critical dialogue. No student wants to fail; they just do not know how to excel. All color1s have an influence on our state of mind. Red is a powerful color1 that gives us energy. Colors such as blues and greens are calming color1s to the body. Hospitals often have doctors wear blue or green scrubs because it relaxes the patient on a subconscious level. I have never seen a doctor wear red scrubs because it will stress the patient. Remember this when you decide to mark a child' paper with red, the color1 of blood. \n Answer: Different influences of color1s.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1f7c6dd5ac9f4e639389a78ced9c876f",
            "input": "Article: Traditional fairytales are being abandoned by parents because they are too horrible for their young children, a study found. Research revealed one in five parents dislike old classics such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarves and Rapunzel and are in favor of more modern books. One third of parents said their children have been left in tears after hearing the horrible details of Little Red Riding Hood. And nearly half of mothers and fathers refuse to read Rumplestiltskin to their kids as the themes of the story are about kidnapping and crimes. Similarly, Goldilocks and the Three Bears was also a tale likely to be left on the book shelf as parents felt it forgives stealing. The survey of 2,000 adults was conducted to mark the launch of the hit US drama GRIMM, which starts tonight at 9pm on Watch, and sees six episodes based on traditional fairytales. The survey found a quarter of parents questioned wouldn't consider reading a fairytale to their child until they had reached the age of five, as they prompt too many awkward questions from their children. Steve Hornsey, General Manager of Watch, said: \"Bedtime stories are supposed to calm down children and send them off to sleep soundly. But as we see in GRIMM, fairytales can be dark and dramatic tales so it's understandable that parents worry about reading them to young children.\" \"As adults we can see the innocence in fairytales, but a five-year-old child with an over active imagination could take things too seriously. Despite the dark nature of classic fairytales, as we see in GRIMM, good will triumph over evil and there is always a moral to the story.\" The study also found two thirds of mums and dads try to avoid stories which might give their children nightmares. However, half of parents said traditional tales are more likely to have a strong moral message than a lot of modern kids' books, such as The Gruffalo, The Hungary Caterpillar and the Mr. Men books. \n Answer: Rumplestiltskin may have bad influence on Children",
            "output": [
                "Why don't some parents want to read Rumplestiltskin to their kids?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ebc763de14444ebaf5f9d8912098e5a",
            "input": "Article: It was your birthday, and you just opened your biggest gift -- a smooth silver laptop. You can't wait to instant-message your friends with the news, but first you have to get rid of your old desktop computer. Do you just throw away the monitor and keyboard in the trash? Not anymore! Three states, that is, California, Maine, and Maryland, recently passed laws prohibiting people from throwing away electronic waste, or e-waste, includes televisions, computers, and cell phones. Although they don't make you sick when you use them, they do when they are destroyed, for they contain heavy metals that can be harmful to human bodies. For example, cell phone batteries contain a kind of chemical causing damage to kidneys and deserted computer monitors can damage brains. And flat TV screens may cause injury to the nervous system. Those metals can leak into the ground or give off pollutants when burned. It is required that e-waste be placed at special sites rather than usual landfills. Several other states are considering similar laws and California is also pushing for a law banning the application of such dangerous substances. Government officials are not the only people taking aim at e-waste; environmentalists are also urging people to recycle their outdated equipment. \"It is just a waste ... to not recycle,\" Patrick, an associate professor of occupational and environmental health at university of Iowa, told The Daily Iowan, \"Allowing dangerous chemicals to leak into the environment for decades seems irresponsible.\" What Can You Do? Reduce. Be a responsible shopper, and take care of your electronics so they will last longer. Re-use. Donate or sell your old high-tech equipment. Recycle. To find a responsible recycler, contact a local or state environmental group. \n Answer: E-waste, a big threat to us.",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-155f1c203e1240c183133f28f43b1c2e",
            "input": "Article: Long after its introduction into the New World, American English was still considered non-standard English. According to some people of the 1780s American English was a peasant's language that a \"gentleman\" will not speak. Considered in a bilingual point of view, British English was the dominant language linked to prestige and language purism . The belief in the authority or say in the superior of British English, has remained to the twentieth century, especially in the former British Empire or in the fields of British influence. Thus, it is reported that in prefix = st1 /China, teachers and school textbooks refer to and recommend Received Pronunciation as the model, as well as standard British sentence structures, spelling and words. British English is also encouraged and accepted as the criteria of some major official examinations, for example, College English Test and Test for English Majors which are conducted by government. Similar situations could be found in countries, for example, in Africa, the West African Examination Council and Joint Admission accepts the British English as the standard English. Report can also be found that inCairosome university students received lower grades if they used American spellings instead of British English. In Europe, we find teachers, British people as well as natives of the country in which they work, who follow the British English standard, and laugh at the American English. However, the above attitudes are nothing but the last influence of a long-gone period of British supermacy . The beginning of a clear lead of American English can be traced to the decades after World War II. This coincides with the simultaneous  rise of the US as a military and technological power and the decline of the British Empire, which drove many to American English. And from then on, American English has continuously sent its influence to every corner of the planet. \n Answer: In Cairo.",
            "output": [
                "Where do the students get poor mark if they use American spellings?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5b1548904a63446cb48153540df83888",
            "input": "Article: Not long ago, many doctors in the West laughed at the suggestion that they might learn something from traditional Asian systems of healing. Most of them thought that Asian herbal   medicine and acupuncture  were believed in only by simple people who knew no better. Western doctors relied mainly on chemical cures as the safest and surest way to treat illnesses. The scientific age of antibiotics , \"miracle drugs\" and heart transplants encouraged the public to believe that there must be a pill for every illness. It was true that often the drug companies provided what the public wanted: a speedy temporary cure and did not remove the real cause of the illness. Moreover, some people actually became ill through taking too much medicine. Many people in the West are now beginning to look for more natural cures for their illnesses and often they turn to the ancient wisdom of the East. There are some doctors in Britain now who offer their patients acupuncture treatment. Recently an Indian company which produces a natural medicine based on the biba root has sold some to Germany. The World Health Organization(WHO) encourages doctors not to rely too greatly on expensive Western medicines but to choose them carefully and also use their traditional herbal cures. The mixture of Eastern and Western medicine has been practiced very successfully in China. China is still the only country in the world where the traditional doctor using herbal medicine and acupuncture is as respected as the Western-trained doctor. Through China all types of doctors are expected to work together. Western-style doctors are required to take at least a one-year course in traditional medicine, and the acupunctures must also study the basics of  western medicine. China's way of \"having the best of both worlds\" has greatly impressed many visiting doctors from the West. Experts from the WHO have decided that the time has come to study herbal medicine very carefully and to decide, by carefully controlled scientific experiments, what good these medicine might do. They are especially interested in finding cures for illnesses which Western medicine has found \"incurable\". Six WHO units have been set up in Hong Kong, Seoul, Sri Lanka, London and Chicago, and so far the results have been encouraging. \n Answer: All of the above.",
            "output": [
                "What is the true reason for Western doctors to turn to the ancient wisdom of the East ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e0b256f8d1ee407aa638317c2fb6d559",
            "input": "Article: This is a story told or read to children of young ages.The heroine , Cinderella, treated cruelly by her stepmother and her two ugly stepsisters, is helpless until the right magic comes along.She meets her prince and they live together happily. Just a sweet, pretty tale? Not in the view of Ellen Macintosh, who has written much about fairy tales.Ellen' s main concern is with what the story implies. \"Instead of standing up to her cruel stepmother and stepsisters, Cinderella just waits for a fairy godmother to appear and solve her problem.But wouldn't you want a daughter of yours to show more spirit?\" The story is long        lasting, whatever its shortcomings, and it does' t take much to see its influence on a number of recent Hollywood productions.In these versions for the silver screen, the Cinderella character no longer has to clean the house and has no sisters to make her life terrible, though she keeps the way of not showing much courage.The character of the rich and handsome stranger, however, is kept, and in some cases really is a prince.The role of the fairy godmother is often played by luck; we live in a civilized age when even very young children might reject the idea of fairies.In the majority of film versions, the heroine has a profession and is even permitted to continue working after marrying her prince          this is the twenty first century, after all. Doesn't the success of these films indicate that the story has relevance to children even today?\" Yes,, admits Ellen, who sees its message as being rooted in a fundamental childhood desire for love and attention.\" Most children experience a sense of inner loneliness as they are growing up and empathize with (...)the character who faces some sort of challenge.This can be seen in the original story of Cinderella, where the fairy godmother tells the heroine that she must learn to be gracious and confident if she is to go to the ball.She has to grow spiritually, and by maturing, she becomes attractive to the prince, thus ensuring that the ending of the story will be happy.\" \"In the later versions, thus element is missing,\" says Ellen, \" and the theme of the story is simply that a girl' s role in life is to be more beautiful than other girls so that she can carry off the prize: the handsome prince.Is this really what we want girls to grow up believing?\" \n Answer: The story is unfit for the children today.",
            "output": [
                "Why does Ellen disapprove of the Cinderella story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-757afeeb4527474d8b4e4f9d9c3b9f06",
            "input": "Article: You and your friends are settling into your seats. The new Spider-Man movie is about to start and you've got the snacks: soda and popcorn. Food is part of what makes the movies fun. Just as the lights go out, you catch a slight smell of ... tuna fish?! You turn your head, searching for the source. Then you spot him: A couple rows back, some guy is enjoying a tuna fish sandwich. How'd he get that in here? You wonder. Then you remember how much you paid for your snacks. What invites the unwelcome outside food is probably the price. Why pay $ 5 for a bag of M&Ms when you can get them for a dollar at the corner store? Earlier this year, a Michigan man decided to fight for his right to snack. Joshua Thompson is using his local theater after it banned outside food. He argues the ban breaks a Michigan law that prevents businesses from charging extremely high prices. However, most legal experts believe Thompson has little chance of winning his case, though he does have a point: 85 cents out of a dollar of treats a movie theater sells is pure profit . The truth is that movie theaters are more in the snack business than the movie business. A huge part of the ticket income goes to the Hollywood studio. This makes sense, since the studios have to pay the costs of movie production and advertising. But that often doesn't leave much cash for the theater, which also has its own running costs. If customers stopped buying food, owners would have to raise ticket prices even higher. Of course, there's another reason to think twice before bringing food into the movies: It's against the rules. Breaking those rules can have unpleasant consequences too. Some theaters will kick you out if they catch you. Even without the threat of punishment, we should follow rules all the time------out of respect. Here's a good idea: Eat before the movie. \n Answer: Bad manners in movie theaters.",
            "output": [
                "What is the topic of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6cff963ad13149b99e3d2396a3a81b7e",
            "input": "Article: A \"talk show\" is a show organized mainly around talk. Television talk shows have been around since the dawn of radio. Thus the start of talk shows' golden age can be considered as 1948, even though television wasn't common in American homes until the 1950s. From 1949 to 1973, nearly half of all daytime programming was talk. Why are there so many talk shows? A talk show costs less than $100,000 per episode  to produce whereas many of today's TV series cost more than $1 million an episode. Thus , if successful, it can produce handsome profits . Still, it takes a lot of work . Since 1948, hundreds of talk shows have come and gone, with only a few having true staying power. There are several types of talk shows , but while the styles might vary, the format  is limited. What we are most used to is the informal guest-host format, in which shows'hosts welcome famous people or other talk -worthy persons for an informal discussion. The second most common format is the public issues show, in which hosts interview people in the news or experts in a given field. Shows that follow this format include both morning news programs and \"issue\" talk shows: The Museum of Broadcast Communications' Bernard M. Timberg notes two governing principles of all successful talk shows: The host is everything :The host has a high degree of control over their show, from subject matter to comedic atmosphere . They are also the show's  brand and are responsible for it. The host can attract and refuse guests, organize their program and , in many cases, name a successor  when they retire. Right here, right now: The second rule is that a talk show must be experienced in the present tense, whether it is broadcast live or taped in front of an audience earlier in the day. They should feel fresh, as if they are happening in the moment, even if the show is a 10-year -old rerun. \n Answer: They are cheap to produce.",
            "output": [
                "What is an advantage of talk shows?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-70c6c060c4f14bdaaab7a746c52e0cd7",
            "input": "Article: Writing a long book seemed to be too much for me. So, for a long time, I just wrote short articles. One day, inspiration  for an article hit me and, as I started writing, paragraphs began flowing out fast. It turned out to be too long to be an article. I thought it would not hurt to try self-publishing a booklet . The first printing of this 32-page black and white booklet sold out within a week. Here is something that I have learned through my experience. 1.Start small. Don't try to have a 400-page work as your first publication. I suggest you publish a booklet under 50 pages to _ your career as an author. 2.Ask for advice. If you know some people who have published something, ask them for advice and help. You will gain useful information from them and save yourself many problems. 3. _  When you put your heart into something only to hear\"We're not interested\",you may get hurt. But you must remind yourself that this is quite common. Every\"yes\"you receive comes after at least five\"noes\",especially at the beginning. You need to revise your book many times to reduce the chances of being turned down. 4.The more you market, the more you sell. You can publish an excellent book. But if no people know about it, you cannot expect many buyers. Send out an e-mail to friends, family and business partners, telling them your book's publication date. Ask them to help sell your book. Do not be afraid to try novel ideas. \n Answer: Be prepared to deal with\"noes\".",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for Point 3?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-39a8a19702444abd8462038fff25279b",
            "input": "Article: Tales From Animal Hospital David Grant David Grant has become a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal Hospital . Here Dr Grant tells us the very best of his personal stories about the animals he has treated ,including familiar patients such as the dogs Snowy and Duchess , the delightful cat Marigold Serendipity Diamond . He also takes the reader behind the scenes at Harmsworth Memorial Animal Hospital as he describes his day , from ordinary medical check-ups to surgery  . Tales From Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the program and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet ,whether it be cat , dog or snake I ! $ 14.99 Hardback 272 pp Simon Schuster ISBN 0751304417 Isaac Newton : The Last Sorcerer Michael White Form the author of Stephen Hawking : A Life in Science , comes this colorful description of the life of the world's first modern scientist . Interesting yet based on fact , Michael White's learned yet readable new book offers a true picture of Newton completely different from what people commonly know about him . Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic  ended and science began. PS8.99 Hardback 320 pp Fourth Estate ISBN 1857024168 Fermat's Last Theorem Simon Singh In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world's greatest mathematical problem : Fermat's Last Theorem  . First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had _ and beaten the finest mathematical minds , including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem , and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole  Polytechnique . Through unbelievable determination Andrew Wiles finally worked out the problem in 1995 . An unusual story of human effort over three centuries , Fermat's Last Theorem will delight specialists and general readers alike . PS12.99 Hardback 384 pp Fourth Estate ISBN 1857025210 \n Answer: A TV program .",
            "output": [
                "What is Animal Hospital ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a1909e5806d74863b3236b7de9bff199",
            "input": "Article: What do butterfly wings have to do with computer screens? What do birds have to do with high speed trains? These may sound like strange things to put together. But scientists, inventors, and designers are doing just that. They are learning from nature to create new technology. The word biomimicry   combines two words: biology and mimicry. So people using biomimicry try to use examples in nature to design new technology. Biomimicry is not a new idea. People have been studying nature for hundreds of years. Leonardo DaVinci used birds as models to invent his flying machine. And when the Wright Brothers made the first successful airplane, they also studied birds. In 998, Janine Benyus, a natural science writer and teacher, wrote a book about biomimicry. To develop her interest in the subject, Janine Benyus started the Biomimicry Institute. The Biomimicry Institute is a non-profit organization. It brings together scientists, designers, inventors and many other people. It offers classes to teach people biomimicry. It provides money for people to research and test new technologies. And it wants all people, from children to adults, to think about new ways to learn from nature. People involved with the Biomimicry Institute believe that biomimicry can help solve many of the world's problems. Often, new technologies can harm nature, but this is not true for biomimicry. Let's look at some examples. Butterflies have colorful wings because light shines off them in a special way. Scientists want to copy these same ways to make light shine off computers. They hope this will make for more colorful screens. Another example of biomimicry is the bullet train. It travels at speeds of over 250 kilometers per hour! But it had a problem: it made too much noise! Through the observation of birds, scientists thought about a kind of bird, the kingfisher . The kingfisher can dive into water without making any noise because of the shape of its beak . Researchers thought that if they could design the front of the train like this beak, the train would be quieter. Well, it worked! \n Answer: To explore the link between nature and technologies.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Janine Benyus set up the Biomimicry Institute?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51a571b1d4f74c8d881977084c5d6c38",
            "input": "Article: Mr. Harris used to work in Dover, but then he changed his work, and he and his wife moved to another town. They did not have many friends there, but they soon met a lot of interesting people, and after a few weeks, they often went to dinner or to parties at other people's houses. Then Mrs. Harris said to her husband, \"We've been to a lot of other people's houses, and now we must invite them to our house, mustn't we?\" \"Yes, certainly,\" answered her husband, \"A big party will be the easiest thing, won't it? Then we can start to invite people to dinner in small numbers next month.\" So Mrs. Harris said, \"Yes, I'll invite all our friends here to a big party on 5th December.\" \"How many will that be?\" Mr. Harris asked. \"Don't invite too many.\" Mrs. Harris was beginning to write the invitations when her husband saw that she was writing, \"Party. 6.30 to 8.30 p.m.\" \"That isn't very nice, is it?\" he said. \"You're telling our guests that they must go at 8.30.\" So Mrs. Harris just wrote \"Party. 6.30 p.m.\" A lot of guests came, and they all had a good time, so they did not go home at 8.30. In fact they were still there at mid-night when the door bell rang and a policeman arrived. He said, \"You must stop making a noise, because someone has complained.\" Mr. Harris said he did not want to quarrel with the policeman, so everyone went home. They were sorry to have to go. When Mr. and Mrs. Harris were alone again, she said to him. \"That was a surprise, wasn't it? Who complained about the noise?\" \"I did,\" Mr Harris answered in a tired voice. \n Answer: Mr. Harris changed his work.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Mr. Harris and his wife move to another town?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-452c073db29f4cec90ffcd9a8a00e424",
            "input": "Article: How can you find out what is going on inside a person's body without opening the patient's body up? Regular X rays can show a lot. CAT scans can show even more. They can give a complete view of body organs. What is a CAT scan? CAT stands for a kind of machine. It is a special X-ray machine that gets a 360-degree picture of a small area of a patient's body. Doctors use X rays to study and determine diseases and injuries within the body, X rays can find a foreign object inside the body or take pictures of some inside organs to be X-rayed. A CAT scanner, however, uses a group of X rays to give a cross-sectional view of a specific part of the body. A fine group of X rays is scanned across the body and around the patient from many different directions. A computer studies the information from each direction and produces a clear cross-sectional picture on a screen. This picture is then photographed for later use. Several cross sections, taken one after another, can give clear \"photos\" of the entire body or of any body organs. The latest CAT scanners can even give clear pictures of active, moving organs, just as a fast-action camera can \"stop the action\", giving clear pictures of what appears unclear to the eye. And because of the 360-degree pictures, CAT scans show clear and complete views of organs in a manner that was once only shown during operation or examination of a dead patient. Frequent appearance before X rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. Yet CAT scans actually don't cause the patient to more radiation than regular X rays do. CAT scans can also be done without getting something harmful into the patient, so they are less risky than regular X rays. CAT scans provide exact, detailed information. They can quickly find such a thing as bleeding inside the brain. They are helping to save lives. \n Answer: It gives clear pictures of active, moving body parts.",
            "output": [
                "What is NOT true of a CAT scan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d85596417494c1993a7cda3e2536255",
            "input": "Article: $? While the 2008 Olympics were the first to be broadcast entirely in HD, the 2012 Olympics are the first to broadcast in HD as well as 3D. Sean Taylor, a spokesperson for Panasonic - provider of some of the technologies - said it effectively, \"Each Games, from a technology perspective, tries to have a first. London will be the first HD and 3D Games.\" The games were first televised in Berlin in 1936 and played on big screens about the city. Then came the first games to enter households (strictly in London that is) in 1948, followed by the first internationally televised games during the 1960 Olympics in Rome. And ever since, that feeling of physically standing in the crowd and watching these mighty contestants has only gotten clearer, more defined. Now, they more literally than ever actually compete in your living room. SS A _ is presented as the London games celebrate both the Industrial Revolution (a.k.a. the birth of pollution) and a spirit of committed environmentalism; London will be the first to actively measure its own carbon footprint during these games, designing a stadium and accommodations that cut-back on negative emissions when at all possible. They are also shooting for a world record via the \"Javelin,\" designed specifically to keep as many exhaust pipes at bay as humanly possible. \n Answer: a report",
            "output": [
                "Where does this text probably come from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a85c9fc6ed204b369a0e888b844fb400",
            "input": "Article: British author JK Rowling was at the release of her latest Harry Potter book called \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\" at the Natural History Museum in London, Friday July 20, 2007. J.K. Rowling has been spotted at cafes in Scotland working on a detective novel, a British newspaper reported Saturday. The Sunday Times newspaper quoted Ian Rankin, a fellow author and neighbor of Rowling's, as saying the creator of the \"Harry Potter\" books is turning to crime fiction. \"My wife spotted her writing her Edinburgh criminal detective novel,\" the newspaper quoted Rankin as telling a reporter at an Edinburgh literary festival. \"It is great that she has not abandoned writing or Edinburgh cafes,\" said Rankin, who is known for his own police novels set in the historic Scottish city. Rowling famously wrote initial drafts of the Potter story in the Scottish city's cafes. Back then, she was a struggling single mother who wrote in cafes to save on the heating bill at home. Now she's Britain's richest woman - worth $1 billion, according to Forbes magazine - and her seven Potter books have sold more than 335 million copies worldwide. In an interview with The Associated Press last month, Rowling said she believed she was unlikely to repeat the success of the Potter series, but confirmed she had plans to work on new books. \"I'll do exactly what I did with Harry - I'll write what I really want to write,\" Rowling said. \n Answer: love stories",
            "output": [
                "What is JK Rowling famous for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-27c7fd131caa4ec88a2fa94541bcca22",
            "input": "Article: I have two sons. They are as different as night and day. My youngest is sweet, loveable, easy-going, and finds joy in everything. My oldest we've nicknamed the \"Evil Genius\" is ambitious, self-confident, and suffers no fools. Whenever we mentioned Santa my husband and I were rewarded with major eye rolling and deep sighs from my oldest. At first we both tried to ignore it. We both knew that our eldest had figured out the big secret. But I'd be damned  if he was going to ruin it for his six-year-old brother who had plenty of Santa-loving years ahead of him. I looked at my husband in the eye and said, \"I'll handle this.\" to which he responded \"Okay just be careful because I'm not sure he knows - he might just be acting like it.\" But I knew. And I had it in my mind that he was about to break his younger brothers spirit and break the news to him. I was afraid he was going to take the Christmas spirit away from my sweet innocent youngest and stamp all over it. I had to protect him. I needed to control this now before it got out of control. I rushed into the play room where my oldest was playing alone. I looked him dead in the eyes and said: \"Well you know Santa isn't real, right?\"  And as I stared at my eight-year-old son for what seemed like a long time of silence, his eyes started to fill with tears.  And a tear dropped down his cheek when he screamed out, \"He's not?\" \"Um well it's not that he's not real (shut up you idiot  - stop saying he's not real), but he doesn't really make and deliver all the toys. Dad and I get some of them for you. So he's real. He's just got a little help from us.\"  _ . He just sat there looking at me with an expression of doubt. You know when you make a terrible mistake but you can't stop yourself from making it worse? That was me because I just had to know. I had to know why he had seemed to be over Santa. So I asked him why he rolled his eyes and sighed every time his father and I mentioned Santa. To which he replied that kids at school had been saying Santa wasn't real but that he still thought he was. \n Answer: Making a mistake worse",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b520f058e2be4ef5bb7333996b5eb17c",
            "input": "Article: An 11-year-old boy who has been compared to Spanish Impressionist  , the great Pablo Picasso, is holding his first exhibition at Llangollen's Gardening Show this weekend. Hamad al-Humaidhan, who was born in Kuwait but now lives in Bath, Britain, had no previous knowledge of art history when he first picked up a brush. But he began to paint his favourite football player, Cristiano Ronaldo, using Picasso's trademarks   --bright colours and impressionistic forms. His father said, \"I've got lots of books about Picasso and I showed them to Hamad but he didn't know anything about Picasso --it's just naturally the way he sees it and he just loves to paint.\" His first painting of Ronaldo, done when he was just nine, was sold at auction   in Bath for PS650, which drew the attention of local art businessman Steve Turner. \"A colleague sent me some pictures of Hamad's work and I just couldn't believe the size of it and how the colours blended   together,\" he said. \"He had talent and I thought Picasso had been reborn.\"\"I've shown his work to private art collectors. They liked them very much and everyone was eager to buy, so the first six paintings have been  _ . I bought two of them myself. The next set of his works will go on show for the first time at Llangollen, which will be the first opportunity for the public to see his amazing talent.\" Hamad enjoys maths at school but ranks painting higher. \"I think I prefer painting! It makes me relaxed and when I feel tired I just pick up a paint brush,\" he said. \"I just close my eyes and see how it's going to look and then I just paint it --I paint every day. I just love the colours and I want people to enjoy my paintings.\" Now Hamad is nervously waiting for the opening of his exhibition. \n Answer: Hamad and his talent for painting.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-939faa28cfa045c4b63c4a17f54a8e2c",
            "input": "Article: In many countries the standard of living enjoyed by their people has increased rapidly in recent years. Sadly, not everyone in these countries is so fortunate and many people in rich countries are homeless. The reasons for homelessness are various, but poverty is undoubtedly one of the main causes. The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have _ . Often, the fact that unemployed people get help from the government prevents this from happening, but not always. Some homeless people are mentally ill and have no one to look after them. Some are young people who, for one reason or another, have left home and have nowhere to live. Many of them have had a serious disagreement with their parents and have left home, choosing to go to a city and live on the streets. Sometimes they have taken such action because they have been unable to get on with a step-parent. Many homeless people get into the habit of begging to get enough money to stay alive, but many of the general public refuse to give anything to beggars. Often they are moved on by the police, being accused  ,whether rightly or wrongly, of forceful begging . There are many who disrespect homeless people. Some cynics declare that homeless people choose to live the life which they lead. But who would willingly choose to live in a shop doorway, under a bridge or in a cardboard box? \n Answer: Lack of money.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, what causes some people to be homeless?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8048a96278ed4a868344d6fe7b7a0fcc",
            "input": "Article: When was the last time you lost something? What was it?     According to a recent survey, we spend about ten minutes a day looking for lost things. Over an average lifetime, this adds up to an incredible 3,680 hours (or 153 days). Is there anything we can do about it?     The study of 3,000 adults was carried out by home insurance company Esure. They found that mobile phones and car keys were the most frequently lost items. Other things on the list included: house keys, bills, sunglasses, wallets, bank cards, watches, jewellery (particularly rings and earrings).     So, what's going on? \"Most blame it on a busy lifestyle,\" says Nikki Sellers, the head of Esure. Others say it's the fault of spouses   or children for not putting things back where they belong. A few admitted to untidiness, absent-mindedness and a poor memory, with some wishing they were more organized.    What's the solution? \"You need to choose a particular place for something and always put it back there,\" said Nikki Sellers. \"And you need to make sure everyone else in the house knows where to put it back too. You also need to keep your house tidy, label boxes clearly and find a place near the front door for all the items that you need in the morning. A good idea would be to have a shelf there with a bowl for your keys, purse, wallet and anything else.\" she added.        If you are still having trouble finding things, don't worry -- things could be a lot worse: fourteen people in the survey said they spent over an hour every day looking for lost items. Surely you can't be as bad as that! \n Answer: Cell phones.",
            "output": [
                "According to the survey, which do people lose most frequently?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f705872568c4cdfa8472bad37b348e5",
            "input": "Article: Reseachers at the University of Kansas say that people can accurately juage 90 percent of a stranger's personality simply by looking at the person's shoes.\"Shoes convey useful information about their wearers,''the authors wrote in the new study published in the Journal of Research in Personality. Lead researcher Omri Gillath said the judgments were based on the style,cost,color and condition of someone's shoes.In the study,63 University of Kansas researchers looked at pictures showing 208 different pairs of shoes worn by the study's participants.Volunteers in the study were photographed in their most commonly worn shoes,and then filled out a personality questionnaire. Some of the results were expected:People with higher incomes most commonly wore expensive shoes,and flashier shoes were typically worn by outgoing people.However,some of the more specific results are strange enough.For example,\"practical and functional'' shoes were generally worn by more \"pleasant\" people,while ankle boots were more linked with ''aggressive'' personalities.The strangest of all may be that those who wore' 'uncomfortable looking\" shoes tend to have \"calm\" personalities.And if you have several pairs of new shoes or take extreme care of them,you may suffer from \"attachment anxiety\",spending lots of time worrying about what other people think of your appearance.There was even a political calculation in the mix with more liberal types wearing \"shabbier and less expensive\" shoes. The researchers noted that some people will choose shoe styles to mask their actual personalities,but researchers noted that volunteers were also likely to be unaware that their footwear choices were showing the deep side of their personalities. \n Answer: People know little about their personalities.",
            "output": [
                "What does this text mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2f166097c8b40be9e46c42904bc27a9",
            "input": "Article: An emperor was almost eighty years old and knew it was time to choose his successor . Instead of choosing one of his children, he decided on something different. He called all of the young people in the kingdom together one day. He said, \"It is time for me to choose the next emperor. I have decided to choose one of you.\" The kids were shocked! But the emperor continued, \"I am going to give each one of you a seed today. One special seed. I want you to plant it and come back one year later with what you have grown from this seed. I will then judge the plants, and the one I choose will be the next emperor!\" One boy named Ling received a seed like the others. He went home and planted the seed in a pot, watering it carefully. Every day he would water it and watch to see if it had grown. After about three weeks, some of the other youths began to talk about their plants that were beginning to grow. Ling kept checking his seed, but nothing ever grew. A year finally went by and all the youths brought their plants to the emperor. Ling thought he should be honest about what had happened. So he took his empty pot to the palace. When Ling arrived, he was amazed at the plants grown by other youths. They were beautiful, in all shapes and sizes. When the emperor arrived, he surveyed the room and greeted the young people. Ling just tried to hide in the back. Suddenly, the emperor spotted Ling at the back of the room with his empty pot. He ordered his guards to bring him to the front. Ling was terrified. When Ling got to the front, the Emperor asked his name. \"My name is Ling,\" he replied. All the kids were laughing and making fun of him. The emperor asked everyone to quiet down. He looked at Ling, and then announced to the crowd, \"Behold your new emperor! His name is Ling!\" Then the emperor said, \"One year ago today, I gave you all boiled seeds which would not grow.\" \n Answer: He was growing old.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the emperor decide to choose his successor?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0be67445e5474aa5a9646bfd584262ee",
            "input": "Article: As a health editor, I spend the majority of my day poring over content related to health. At HuffPost, we're lucky to talk to experts on a daily basis about how to live our best lives. It's clear that life would be healthier if we would just do the following things. Sure, some of these are easier said than done. \n Answer: sleep",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following has something to do with the immune system?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d707340881c4c05bd47b9c74be04f1f",
            "input": "Article: Walking is the exercise of choice for most dieters. You don't need a gym membership to do this effective exercise. Here's how to prepare: The only equipment you really need is a decent pair of walking shoes. What matters most is comfort. When you're shopping for shoes: *Wear the socks you plan to exercise in. That way you'll get the best fit. *Try on both shoes. Most people's feet aren't exactly the same size. Choose a pair that fits your larger foot. *Allow a little extra room. Feet swell when you walk, so buy a pair with about a thumb's width between your longest toe and the toe of the shoe. Sure, walking comes naturally. But the following tips will help you stay comfortable and get the most out of your walk: *Look ahead. Keep your neck straight and your head held high. If you have to look down to see where you're going, lower your eyes, not your head. *Move both arms. Let your arms swing naturally at your sides, and you'll burn up to 15 percent more calories by keeping your arms moving. *Don't carry unnecessary weight. Some people try to get in extra exercise by carrying a couple of light dumbbells , but fitness-walking experts say that's risky: The weights can pull you off balance and tighten muscles in your back or legs. Walking is one of the safest activities. Still, the following tips may be helpful: *If you're walking at night, wear a piece of reflective clothing. *If the path is dimly lit, bring a good flashlight. *When the weather's hot, be sure to drink some water before you set out and better take a bottle of water with you if you plan to walk quite a long time. *If your path is rough, protect your ankles. Consider wearing a comfortable bandage for support. \n Answer: Moving both arms while walking can help you lose more weight.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, which of the following is correct?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff57ba537b504c7abe26593da0d40cb8",
            "input": "Article: Fahad Azad, an engineer in India, invented a robot named DuctBot.The toy-car sized DuctBot measured 23 centimeters in length, 19 centimeters in width and 9 centimeters in height and weighs just two kilograms. The robot is designed to snake through dark, narrow air conditioning ducts   and clean them.A pair of LEDs fitted on the robot light up the dirty scenery, so _ can be captured   by a camera. In order to control it more easily, Mr. Azad chooses to fix DuctBot on wheels.The robot can clean off lots of dirt, as well as dead pigeons and insects.Keeping indoor air in good quality and monitoring carbon-dioxide levels in buildings with central air conditioning is a challenge.It is important in some places where clean air can mean a difference between life and death, such as hospitals.Dirty air has a bad influence on people's health. EPSCO, a Dubai-based company which specializes in improving indoor air quality, read about Mr. Azad's invention in a national newspaper after he had won an international robotics competition.EPSCO had cleaning equipment, but it needed someone to get into those ducts to do the dirty, dangerous work.Across India, for example, the task still falls to children.They are small enough to go through those ducts. In 2005, Mr. Azad who was still at university decided to do something about it.Six years later his own company, Robosoft Systems, has Bluestar, EPSCO and the Indian Navy, some leading air condition makers, as partners. Mr. Azad and his ten employees are currently exploring robot designs to examine oil tanks or sewage  pipes.Their biggest challenge is to make the robots user-friendly enough.Mr. Azad hopes that the robot could eventually be operated not by engineers but by workers.There will be lots of difficulties they need to overcome in the future. \n Answer: It is designed to move like a snake in the ducts.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about Ductbot?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4237227331b5426c846de9a28b5ac8d3",
            "input": "Article: This is a tense time for students in America,with the exam season in full swing and the stress and anxiety being felt across the country.At some universities,students are reviewing their lessons,knowing that in a few weeks the stress will be over once they put pen to paper in that exam hall.For others,however,that stress and anxiety may well last a while longer as lecturers continue to refuse to set exams.No one knows when things will get back to normal. The reason behind this trouble is the ongoing argument in higher education between lecturers and employers over pay.The Association of University Teachers(AUT)are currently taking industrial action because of the fact that lecturers have been underpaid for years.Vice-presidents of the universities,who enjoy six-figure salaries,are not making any noises to suggest that this will change in the near future. The National Union of Students(NUS) ly believes that our lecturers should be better paid,and that the promises made to them during the top-up fees debate about extra income must be kept. It's shameful that 1ecturers have had to take industrial action to achieve better pay and conditions while vice-presidents'own salaries have risen 25%over the past three years.But the students who are suffering as a result of the argument must be put first.We do not agree with the attitude taken by the AUT,which is refusing to set exams.We admit that the decision to take this course of action was democratically reached.However,it is having the biggest effect on our members at this moment in time and we will continue to let the AUT know the results of this. We call on both sides to sort this mess out.Hopefully then our members can get the horrible exam season Out of the way and start planning,and enjoying,their upcoming summer holiday. \n Answer: They hope that the lecturers can set exams as soon as possible.",
            "output": [
                "What is the students'opinion about the argument?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f12d05d023ab4aeb95f144919b2a9a4b",
            "input": "Article: When talking about colds, maybe some people say it is very common. During the cold winter days, many people will complain the cold winter makes them catch a cold, and what they feel upset are not only the headache, cough but also the runny nose. It is so embarrassing when they forget to take a handkerchief or tissue along with them. Want to stay away from colds? Put on a happy face. Compared to unhappy people, those who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds, according to a new study. It's possible that being happy helps the body fight illnesses, say the researchers from New York University. \"It seems that positive  feelings may reduce  the danger of illness,\" said the study's chief researcher Sheldon Cohen. In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were cheerful and lively caught coughs and colds less often. People _ were also less likely to tell their doctors that they felt ill. In this study, Cohen has interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks. During the interviews, the people told researchers that they were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days. The results showed that everyone in the study was equally  likely to get ill. But for people who said they felt happy during the research period, their illness are less serious and lasted for a shorter time. Cohen believes that when people experience positive feelings, their body may produce a chemical that helps fight illness and disease. So if you are worried about your health, look on the brighter side more often. \n Answer: People with positive feelings had less serious illnesses.",
            "output": [
                "What did the study find?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8ff73a8c3284e90a833cc72e86545a4",
            "input": "Article: A friend asks me \"Why don't Chinese go Dutch?\" So I want to regard this question as the topic and write an article.As everyone knows,westerners will go Dutch while having a meal in the restaurant.But Chinese don't go Dutch.Chinese will pay the bill and check out generously.Westerners don't often entertain guests;but Chinese often invite friends to dinner.A lot of westerners feel puzzled to this question. Why does there exist such a difference? First of all,food systems between China and West are different.Chinese put into practice Gather Dining System;westerners put into practice Individual Dining System.Everybody can share the delicious food of all over the table when eating Chinese food.Please note it is sharing,but westerners just eat the food in one's own plate.If you eat beef and he eats chicken,it is impossible that you taste the flavor of his chicken.The  result of the Individual Dining System is that you can only eat the food in your plate. So to eat Chinese food is happier than to eat Western-style food.And I want to ask you a question.Do you like the free thing? I think nobody doesn't like the free thing.Ok! Suppose I invite you to eat the delicious Chinese food,then I pay the bill.This is equivalent to that you have enjoyed a delicious Chinese food free.So you will be very glad.It will strengthen the relation between us in the happy atmosphere. Secondly,westerners eat for the health;Chinese eat for the friendship.Westerners advocate individualism and independence is strong.So westerners express that respect for each other's independence through the way go Dutch.Chinese like making friends and solidarity.Chinese value the interpersonal relationships and the friendship very much. Third,it is only simple \"Have a meal!\" for westerners to entertain guests.Unlike the purpose and the  _ that Chinese entertain guests,in Americans' idea,\"Have a meal\" definition is to add fuel to the body for keeping health and normal life activity.That is to say,there is not any additional value.In the Chinese idea,\"Have a meal\" not only is a kind of life enjoyment,but also is the means to promote friendship between the friends.After enjoying the sumptuous delicious food,you are glad,and I am glad too.The friendship between the friends has been strengthened in this kind of atmosphere. \n Answer: They will pay for the meal separately.",
            "output": [
                "What does \"go Dutch\" mean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f66752df9594dd4a536ed4d8f556831",
            "input": "Article: Ever since Grumpy Cat first appeared online, _ But attention is not the only thing that this cat is getting. Her fortune is estimated at $ 100 million, more than many famous actors and musicians earn. So how did it all start? Grumpy Cat's owner Tabatha Bundesen was working as a waitress when her brother Bryan decided to take a photo of her funny-looking cat and post it on Reddit, the social-news site. In a matter of hours, she became a sensation . It got 1 million views on Imgur in 48 hours. Grumpy Cat's real name is Tardar Sauce and she actually has a condition called dwarfism, which makes her constantly frowning. But that unique frown turned out to be worth millions of dollars. Tabatha, who lives in Arizona in US, isn't complaining. She still remembers that September 22, 2012, when her life turned upside down. Since her cat became a worldwide phenomenon, she was able to quit her job and devote her life to managing her cat's modeling career. Sounds unbelievable, but it's true. She says that her only job now is to book Tardar's photo shoots, commercials , and other appearances. What are the other benefits of owning a million-dollar cat? Apart from not having to work, Tabatha can travel all the time. She has time and money to visit her family more often and enjoy her life. She never could have imagined just how huge her cat would become, but she always knew Tardar was very special. And she is glad to see her cat bringing joy to so many people around the world. As for the millions of dollars Grumpy has earned, they come from all the products, commercials and a best-selling book. She even has her own movie--Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever. \n Answer: Her unusual appearance.",
            "output": [
                "What made Grumpy Cat become famous?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11ab255ae5fb430dab41cbe7e09d5fdc",
            "input": "Article: Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America but also an extremely serious problem in some developing countries. For these countries, economic growth is a very important aim. They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on the industries which cause pollution. Cubatao, an industrial town of 85 000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry. Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants . The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matter in their environment and the bad effects can be clearly seen. Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and adults, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places. It is true that Brazil, like many other countries, has laws against pollution, but these laws are not enforced strictly enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines  than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers. However, the responsibility  does not completely lie with the Brazilian government. The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either. A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the U. S. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely  punished or even put out of business. \n Answer: If they put stricter controls on industry, fewer companies would build new plants in developing countries.",
            "output": [
                "Why don't developing countries have strict pollution controls?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-67fcb4c8736048c3bbd2dfc6c0562aa8",
            "input": "Article: This July, Wang Chen, a student from Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, won the International University WEICHI Tournament 2013 in Shanghai, which saw competitors from 54 universities around the world, including Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Compared with the busy sports ground, it seems a bit dull, but Wang and his peers enjoy an intense brain workout . Wang is an amateur seventh-degree master player -- the highest degree amateur players can attain. \"I had hoped to win first place, but when it came true, I couldn't believe it,\" says Wang. Wang began studying weichi  when he was 7 years old. \"I was a quiet boy and my parents thought weichi would help develop my logical thinking ability,\" he says. He began to attend the Chinese Rank Promotion from the age of 10. \"I failed for nine years, and them I gave up. I entered university and became an amateur player,\" says Wang. What this hobby brings Wang is not only a sense of achievement, but also independence. He has won 10 national and international championships, which have brought the young student a handsome sum of money. When he won the national amateur competition in 2011, he received 100,000 yuan in prize money. With awards from contests, Wang covers his expenses and tuition fees all by himself. Wang is busier than most of his peers. A look at his calendar shows that he will attend competitions in Guizhou and Taiwan at the end of August, after attending an international competition only this July. But Wang admits he has little in common with his classmates. \"I feel a bit lonely sometimes,\" he says. On campus Wang spends more time on exploring his skills. Wang now regards playing weichi as a hobby. He is the captain of the weichi team on campus, which has five members. He organizes them to research the latest formations once a week. Wang says his next project is to promote weichi among his peers on campus. \"Many young people in China don't understand this kind of sports and I want to promote it,\" says Wang. \n Answer: The Achievement and Dream of the \"Weichi Prince\"",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b4e7ac85188c42ecbf8572abfecd449c",
            "input": "Article: The 2016 Rio Olympic Games have come to an end. Without doubt, many Chinese sports fans sat in front of the TV and cheered our athletes on, hoping that they would get as many gold medals as possible. But sometimes our desire for gold medals can result in the sadness of failure. When Liu Xiang, China's track hero, pulled out of the Beijing Olympics due to injury, he greatly disappointed many Chinese sports fans. But things are different now. In the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, we saw a healthier and more _ Chinese attitude toward the sportspeople, fully in line with the Olympic spirit. China didn't win any gold medals on the first day. But, instead of criticizing the athletes who failed to finish on top of the podium , the majority of fans were happy with their efforts. \"Reacting in the right way when an athlete misses out on gold shows the maturity of a person, and is also a challenge for a country to face up to in the process of development,\" commented CRI. Swimmer Fu Yuanhui won fans' hearts, even if she only won a bronze medal in the 100m backstroke final. Her fans on her Sina Weibo micro blog have increased 100,000 to over 6 million. Many sports fans appreciated her straightforward character and attitude toward competition. \"The warm support from Internet users shows that public attitude toward competitive sport and the Olympics have gotten to a higher level,\" said an article in the People's Daily. \n Answer: He didn't complete his event in the Beijing Olympics.",
            "output": [
                "From passage 2, what can we know about Liu Xiang?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-03b0f21519e44508907453060386041e",
            "input": "Article: Thailand's capital Bangkok is both attractive and wonderful, a city of glass towers and concrete buildings crowded with nearly 10 million people. The ground beneath is spongy  and moist. Imagine a brick resting on top of a birthday cake. That's Bangkok-and it's sinking into the Earth at an alarming rate. Thailand's disaster specialists have been warning of this coming disaster for years. One expert has said he's worried about Bangkok resembling Atlantis. Another previously told Global post that the city will be under five feet of water by 2030. The latest estimates suggest that Bangkok is now sinking as fast as two centimeters per year in parts of the city. The predictions for 2100 are even more terrible. By then , Bangkok will be fully submerged and unlivable. Like global warming, which will accelerate the city's submersion by raising the sea leavel, Bangkok's sinking problems are repeatedly _ But the monsoon season, currently underway, tends to bring this crisis to mind. A nasty storm can suddenly turn Bangkok's streets into gushing streams. Sewers overflow, taxis move through dirty water and, occasionally, kids can pick up displaced fish. Anond Snidvongs, director of the Southeast Asia Regional Research Center, predicts the city's outskirts will be the first to go. Parts of the shoreline ebyong Bangkok are already liend with pumps that make noises and help to transform invading seawater. They don't always work. During heavy rains, salt water flows in the streets of the city. Bangkok is swallowed up a little more each day. Experts tend to offer two solutions. The first is to pu up a massive seawall that could cost nearly $3 billion-nearly 1 percent of Thailand's current GDP. The second option is to give up entirely and move the capital to higher ground. \n Answer: It is resting on top of a lake.",
            "output": [
                "Why is Bangkok sinking into the earth?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-593d59709f3f45b6ac2ce4ee715d3264",
            "input": "Article: Using a computer or smartphone at night can cause us to pile on the pounds,new research has revealed. The study found a link between blue light exposure(blue light is produced by smartphones and computers)and increased hunger.It found that exposure to blue light increases hunger levels for several hours and even increases hunger levels after eating a meal.Blue light exposure has also already been shown to cause decreased  sleepiness in the evening,increasing the risk of sleeplessness. The leading researcher,Ivy Cheung,from Northwestern University in Chicago,said,\"A single three-hour exposure to blue-enriched light in the evening greatly affected hunger and metabolism .These results are important because they suggest that controlling environmental light exposure for humans may represent a _ approach of influencing food intake patterns and metabolism.\" The study group consisted of 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules. They completed a four-day trial under dim light conditions,which involved exposure to less than 20 lux(,)during 16 hours awake and less than 3 lux during eight hours of sleep.On the third day they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux,blue-enriched light starting10.5 hours after waking up.and the effects were compared with dim light exposure. Ivy Cheung said more research is needed to determine the functions involved in the relationship between light exposure,hunger and metabolism. \n Answer: Ivy Cheung has found the relationship between light exposure and hunger.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b16100dced3c44809f1a25bd6cccfc85",
            "input": "Article: Elderly adults who regularly drink green tea may stay more active and independent than their peers over time,according to a Japanese study that covered thousands of people. Green tea contains antioxidant chemicals that may help _ the cell damage that can lead to disease.Researchers have been studying green tea's effect on everything from cholesterol to the risk of certain cancers,with mixed results so far. For the new Japanese study,researchers decided to examine the question of whether green tea drinkers have a lower risk of frailty and disability as they grow older. Tomata and his colleagues followed nearly 14,000 adults aged 65 or older for three years. They found those who drank the most green tea were the least likely to develop \"functional disability\",or problems with daily activities or basic needs,such as dressing or bathing. Specifically,almost 13 percent of adults who drank less than a cup of green tea per day became functionally disabled,compared with just over 7 percent of people who drank at least five cups fl day. The study did not prove that green tea alone kept people active as they grew older. Green-tea lovers generally had healthier diets,including more fish,vegetables and fruit,as well as more education.lower smoking rates,fewer heart attacks and strokes,and greater mental sharpness. They also tended to be more socially active and have more friends and family to rely on. Although it's not clear how green tea might offer a buffer against disability,Tomata's team did note that one recent study found green tea extracts seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women. While green tea and its extracts are considered safe in small amounts,they do contain caffeine and small amounts of vitamin K,which means it could block drugs that prevent blood thickened. \n Answer: Green tea makes you less disabled.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can summarize the passage best?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-80c3124d1cb04eea9b1cef704c2c95de",
            "input": "Article: Many people have long dreamed of being able to fly around as simply as riding a bicycle.  Yet the safety and strength of a flying bike was always a big problem. Over the past 10 years, developments in technology have moved the dream of personal flying vehicles closer to reality. Now, two groups of inventors say such vehicles may be available very soon. Grant Stapleton from Malloy Aeronautics says the Hoverbike, which is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly, will be a truly personal flying vehicle.  \"It can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed,\" he adds. Mr. Stapleton says safety was the company's main concern when developing the Hoverbike. He ays the designers solved the safety issue by using overlapping rotors     to power the vehicle.  The company is testing both a one-third size model and a full-size prototype     of the Hoverbike. Inventors say their Hoverbike will most likely be used first by the police and emergency rescue teams. In New Zealand,  the Martin Aircraft Company is also testing a full-size prototype of its personal flying bike, called Jetpack. It can fly for more than 30 minutes, up t0 1,000 meters high and reach a speed of 74 kilometers per hour. Peter Coker is the CEO of Martin Aircraft Company.  He said Jetpack \"is built around safety from the start, \" In his words, \"reliability is the most important part of it.  We have safety built into the actual structure itself, very similar to a Formula One racing car. \" Jetpack uses a gasoline-powered engine that produces two powerful jet streams.  Mr. Coker says it also has a parachute   that can be used should there be an emergency. \"It opens at a very low altitude and actually saves both the aircraft and the pilot in an emergency,\" he adds. \n Answer: Available.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words can best describe the Hoverbike?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d87588c451864b78bc34a4eeb2641938",
            "input": "Article: A Chinese couple tried to name their baby \"@\", saying the character best represents their love for the child, according to an official trying to standardize the national language. The unusual name stands out especially in Mandarin, which has no alphabet   and instead uses tens of thousands of multistroke   characters to represent words. \"The whole world uses it to write emails, and translated into Chinese it means 'love him',\" the father explained, according to the deputy chief of the State Language Commission Li Yuming. While the @ symbol is familiar to Chinese email users, they often use the English word \"at\" to sound it out. With a drawnout \"t\", this sounds something like \"ai ta\", or \"love him\", to Mandarin speakers. Li says the name is an extreme example of people's increasingly adventurous approach to Mandarin, as commercialization and the Internet break down conventions  . Another couple tried to give their child a name that in English sounds like \"King Osrina\". Li did not say if officials accepted the \"@\" name. But earlier this year the government announced a ban on names using Arabic numerals   and foreign languages. Sixty million Chinese face the problem that their names use ancient characters so uncommon that computers cannot recognize them _ , said Li, according to a report on the government website. One of them is the former Premier Zhu Rongji, whose name has a rare \"rong\" character that gives newspaper editors headaches. \n Answer: Because the @ symbol sounds something like \"ai ta\", which means \"love him\" in Chinese.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the Chinese couple try to name their baby \"@\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4a41cb9f0227409dbb0542ecf53ab667",
            "input": "Article: Moving to a new town or even a new neighborhood is stressful at any age, but a new study shows that frequent moves in childhood are related to poorer well-being  in adulthood, especially among people who are more introverted  or neurotic . The researchers tested the relationship between the number of childhood moves and well-being in a sample of 7108 American adults who were followed for 10 years. \"We know that children who move frequently are more likely to perform poorly in school and have more behavioral problems,\" said the study's lead author Shigehiro Oishi. \"However, the long-term effects of moving on well-being in adulthood have been overlooked by researchers.\" The study's participants, who were between the ages of 20 and 75, were contacted in 1994 and 1995 and were surveyed again 10 years later. They were asked how many times they had moved as children, as well as about their psychological well-being, personality type and social relationships. The researchers found that the more times people moved as children, the more likely they were to report lower life satisfaction and psychological well-being at the time they were surveyed. The research also showed that those who moved frequently as children had fewer quality social relationships as adults. The researchers also looked to see if different personality types affected frequent movers' well-being. Among introverts, the more moves participants reported as children, the worse off they were as adults. \"Moving a lot makes it difficult for people to keep long-term close relationships.\" Said Oishi. \"This might not be a serious problem for outgoing people who can make friends quickly and easily.\" The findings showed neurotic people who moved frequently reported less life satisfaction and poorer psychological well-being than people who did not move as much and people who were not neurotic. However, the number and quality of neurotic people's relationships had no effect on their well-being, no matter how often they had moved as children. In the article, Oishi thinks this may be because neurotic people have more negative reactions to stressful life events in general. \"We can guess that moving often creates more stress,\" Oishi said. \"But we need more research on this link before we can conclude that moving often in childhood can, in fact, be dangerous to your health in the long-term.\" \n Answer: It was carried out in two periods of time.",
            "output": [
                "What can be learnt about the new study from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c1136b8d704843f8b90fff373f3f2691",
            "input": "Article: It's a common belief that over time, pet owners start to look like their animals, and vice versa. Now conies the terrifying news that cats look up to their owners as role models and copy their behavior. Next time you reach for your fridge, think twice. If Kitty is watching, she is likely to overeat as well. What is your cat's IQ? In a new study from the University of Messina, it turns out that indoor cats who live closely to their owners \"mirror\" the lives of their caregivers. They sleep at the same time, eat at the same time,  and can even become more or less social depending on the behavior of their owners. \"Cats are intelligent animals with a long memory, \"Jane Brunt, the executive director of the CATalyst Council, told Discovery News. \"They watch and learn from us, noting the patterns of our actions. as evidenced by knowing where their food is kept and what time to expect to be fed, how to open the cupboard door that's been improperly closed, and where their feeding and toileting areas fife. \"Because cats copy our habits, if you spend a lot of time raiding the fridge, your cat will return to its food bowl for that midnight snack, too. According to the study, _ explains why \"human and cat overweight rates often seem to match. \"So. if you felt guilty about leaving your precious kitty at home while you go to work, now you call feel even worse:You fife making your cat fat! There's no word if drinking green tea and making sure you go to Yoga will benefit your cat, but based on the study. it sounds like sticking to a healthy eating and sleeping schedule is best for both of you. There's a lot we can learn from our cats in return. \"When they sit on our laps softly purring with rhythmic breathing and half-closed eyes. the sense of peace and calm that comes over us is like a private 1esson in inner meditation. \"Brant said. Sure. But cats don't have to sit in rush hour traffic for an hour a day or worry about their in-laws. They're probably pretty good at remaining calm. So, according to science. even though we assumed that cats were not close to us all these years, it turns out they fife in fact learning from us and looking up to us. Scary, huh? \n Answer: Green tea and Yoga can benefit cats.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage. which of the following is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-efe6988bbe1e4d0ab8270dc49f6c2962",
            "input": "Article: The heart of Mexico is a high, oval valley surrounded by mountains. Once, forests covered the mountainsides, and broad, shining lakes covered nearly all the valley floor. Now, the mountains are bare and scarred with erosion , and much of the valley floor is dry and dusty. Cortez and his Spanish soldiers were the first Europeans to enter this valley. They saw the thriving Aztec city of Tenochtitlan rising from an island in one of the lakes. Surrounding it were green floating gardens. The Spaniards said it was as beautiful as a dream. Then the conquest  began. By 1521, when the Spaniards had conquered the fierce Aztecs, the island city was in ruins. Cortez decided to rebuild it after the pattern of European cities. Using the conquered Aztecs as slave laborers, Cortez built the new city, now Mexico City, in just four years. \"But a generation had scarcely passed after the conquest before a sad change came over these scenes so beautiful,\" writes one historian. The broad, shining lakes began to dry up. Modern historians believe that Cortez began the destruction of the valley's lakes when be ordered the city rebuilt. A great deal of charcoal was needed to burn the limestone   from which cement   and mortar were made. Wood was needed to finish the interiors of the buildings. The mountainside forests were destroyed to provide the charcoal and wood. Once the sloped were bare, rainfall o longer seeped   slowly into the earth to feed the springs that filled the valley's lakes. Instead, rainfall poured off the mountainsides the city from floods, later rulers made a cut through the mountains so that the water drained away into another valley. Mexico City, once an island, had become a city of a dry plain. \n Answer: To make people aware of the importance of nature balance",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's purpose of writing this article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f256efecac19462e97d57fbfd50b5687",
            "input": "Article: We don't have beds in the space shuttle, but we do have sleeping bags. During the day, when we are working, we leave the bags tied to the wall, out of the way. At bedtime we untie them and take them wherever we've chosen to sleep. On most space shuttle flights everyone sleeps at the same time. No one has to stay awake to watch over the space plane: the shuttle's computers and the enginers at the Control Office do that. If anything goes wrong. The computers ring a warning bell and the engineers call us on the radio.   On the space shuttle, sleep-time doesn't mean nighttime. During each ninety-minute flight around the earth, the sun \"rises\" and shines through our windows for about fifty minutes: then it \"sets\" as our flight takes us around the dark side of the Earth. To keep the sun out of our eyes, we wear black sleep masks. It is surprisingly easy to get comfortable and fall asleep in space, and we sleep differently. Some sleep upside down, some sideways, some right side up. When it's time to sleep, I take my bag, my sleep mask, and my tape player with earphones and float up to the flight platform. Then I get into the bag, and float into a sitting position just above a seat, right next to a window. Before I pull the mask down over my eyes, I relax for a while, listening to music and watching the Earth go by under me. When I'm in space I don't need as much sleep as I do on Earth Maybe that's because when I am weightless, I don't feel as tired. Or maybe it's because I'm excited to be in space and don't want to waste time sleeping. \n Answer: Fix them to the wall.",
            "output": [
                "What do the shuttle people do with their sleeping bags while working?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1f25447296b04752a588c7d9cd7cbacd",
            "input": "Article: Ed Viesturs grew up in Rockford, Illinois, where the tallest thing on the horizon was the water tower. But on Thursday, Viesturs became the only American to climb to the top of the world's 14 highest mountains. His last hike was up Mount Annapurna, in Asia's snowcapped Himalayas. At 26,545 feet, its peak is the 10th highest in the world. It is the mountain that inspired him to start climbing. \"It tends to be the trickiest, the most dangerous,\" said Viesturs. \"There's no simple way to climb it. There are threatening avalanches   and ice falls that protect the mountain.\" In high school, Viesturs read French climber Maurice Herzog's tale of climbing the icy Annapurna. Herzog's story was of frostbite   and difficulty and near-death experiences. Viesturs was right away. Viesturs got his start on Washington's Mount Rainier in 1977, guiding hikes in the summer. Fifteen years ago, he set out to walk up to the world's highest peaks. Finally, he's done. The pioneering climber talks about mountains as if they were living creatures that should be treated with respect. \"You have to use all of your senses, all of your abilities to see if the mountain will let you climb it,\" said Viesturs. \"If we have the patience and the respect, and if we're here at the right time, under the right circumstances, they allow us to go up, and allow us to come down.\" What's next for a man who can't stop climbing? \"I'm going to hug my wife and kids and kind of kick back and enjoy the summer,\" says Viesturs. But for a man who's climbed the world's 14 tallest mountains, he will probably soon set off on yet another adventure. \n Answer: He has been to the top of the world's 14 highest mountains.",
            "output": [
                "What record has Ed Viesturs set?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc248e066a1348289cb5b421a90c85c9",
            "input": "Article: A mother of a cheerful five-year-old just returned from a meeting of the National Organization for Women. Inspired by exciting dreams for the possibilities of womanhood, she asked her daughter what she wanted to be when she grew up. Little Lisa quickly answered, \"A nurse.\" There was a time when nursing was thought of as a woman's job and the answer somehow seemed not to be satisfied. She had, after all, just returned from a new meeting. \"You can be anything you want to be,\" she reminded her daughter. \"You can be a lawyer, a doctor, a banker, president of the country -- you can be anything.\" \"Anything?\" Lisa asked. \"Anything!\" her mother smiled. \"I know,\" Lisa said. \"I want to be a horse!\" Lisa's dream may need some improvement, but there is plenty of time for that. When do we give up dreaming about the future? When do we resign   ourselves to simply replaying dreams from the past? Maybe her dream needs to mature   a bit, but would you rather have the optimism   of a five-year-old girl who wants to be a horse, or the pessimism   of an adult who says in despair, \"I can't be anything at all\"? Teddy Roosevelt said, _ believe that is the way to make those dreams come true. It begins with looking up and dreaming of something beautiful. \n Answer: A horse.",
            "output": [
                "What did the girl really want to be when she grew up?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4fd4c21e35f4de3a5fa650441a30944",
            "input": "Article: In the past, if a person wanted to see the national treasures of a country, one had to go there in person. Therefore, very few people were able to enjoy some of history's most important and interesting artifacts  . This has changed with an increase in the number of traveling museum exhibitions. King Tutankhamen Artifacts A traveling exhibition of artifacts from the tomb of King Tutankhamen, popularly known as \"King Tut\", toured the United States from November 1976 to April 1979. The 55 objects were shown in six cities and were seen by around eight million museum-goers. The second touring exhibit was started in 2007, this time with 130 artifacts and stops in London and three different American cities. However some objects, like the king's golden face mask, are too valuable or too delicate to be transported long distances, so \"replicas\" (exact copies of something) are on show. Japanese Color Woodblock Prints The Art Museum at University of Virginia, in Charlottesville, Virginia, has an extraordinary collection of Japanese color woodblock prints  . These prints document the period from about 1850 to 1900, a time when Japan was opening itself to Western influences. Before this point, Japan was a closed society that had little communication with the world outside of its borders. These works of art beautifully show the feeling of change and the trend toward modernization. The museum has put together a traveling exhibition of 60 of these prints, which can be borrowed and exhibited worldwide for periods of eight weeks or more. Face-to-face with \"Lucy\" One of the world's most famous archaeological   finds in history are the 3.2 million-year-old bones of a 106-centimeter-tall female found in the Ethiopian desert in 1974. Lucy, a name given to her by the discovery team, is a \"hominid\", or a creature that scientists believe is the earliest ancestor of modern human beings. Rarely is an artifact this valuable allowed to travel widely, but Lucy has been taken to several museums in the U.S. while a detailed replica remains at the Ethiopian Natural History Museum. \n Answer: The king's golden face mask was also shown in the traveling exhibitions.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about King Tutankhamen's artifacts?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9f70311c16d43f18e536554fec3a198",
            "input": "Article: In-line skating is a fun sport that everyone can enjoy. Follow these safety tips to keep skating safe and fun. Step 1: Gear up! Even before you put on your skates, put on all your safety gear . Step 2: Buckle up! Strap on your skates. Make sure they fit well and are snugly around your ankles. This helps your ankles stay strong and straight. Step 3: Fall down! You probably do not usually try to fall. But it is good to practice falling on skates. Fall forward onto your knee pads. Put out your hands and let your wrist guards hit the ground. See? Are you surprised that it doesn't hurt? Practice falling until it is easy to fall forward and get up again. If you are not afraid to fall, you will try new things. Knowing how to fall will help you be a better skater and find your balance. When you can stay balanced, you won't fall as much. Step 4: Stop! Make sure you can stop on your skates. The quickest and safest is probably the brake stop. The brake is usually on the back of the right skate. The brake stop: Roll forward with your skates pointing the same way. Let your right skate roll a little forward. Bend your knees as if you are sitting down. Then press your right heel down hard. This will make your brake pad drag on the ground until you stop. The T stop: Roll forward with your skates pointing the same way. Then turn your right foot out so the toes are pointing to your right. Drag your right skate. Let the wheels drag on the ground until you come to a stop. Another way to stop is to run or jump onto the grass. Step 5: Roll around! Find a flat, smooth place to practice. Do not skate in streets. Parks and playgrounds are good places to practice. Look for \"No skating\" signs to make sure you can skate there. \n Answer: Learn to fall and stop safely.",
            "output": [
                "According to the article, which of these steps are most important for a new skater?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dbfe09a2369747588ae3e95bc2799d8d",
            "input": "Article: Most of the movies show our relationships and our society. What's more important is that people love to watch highs and lows of the relationships in movies. Friendship has been the favorite subject of movie makers for a long time. Many movies are based on lovely relationships like friendship. Friendship can be between two persons or among more than two persons. Movies based on friendship make us remember that the relationship among friends is delicate  . These movies also show how important it is to have a true friend in life and to own the friendship. Friendship is described in different ways in movies. These movies show different faces of this lovely relationship including the pleasant and interesting faces .Let us discuss how friendship is described in movies. Friends share common interests:In most of the movies, it is shown that two people become friends easily when they share some common interests. For example, two friends may be in love with the same sports, studying in the same school or living in the same neighborhood.You can see such friendship in movies such as \"Harry Potter\" and \"Lord of Rings\". Harry Potter has two friends. All of them are interested in the use of magic. Friends make sacrifices  : In most of the movies,friends make sacrifices for each other. A good example is \"Sholay\". In this movie,there are two friends Jay and Veeru who are there for each other till death. Jay sacrifices his life to save his friend. Friends never run away from difficulties: In movies,it is always shown that true friends always stand up for their friends in times of difficulties. Understanding: In movies,friends understand each other without even saying a word. A single smile can brighten up the faces of all the friends. \n Answer: Most movies describe stories that happen in our life.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may the author accept?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-23e829ea01594d9ebafe215d112872b3",
            "input": "Article: Dear Daisy, Phew! I'm so glad that day is over. I was so worried all summer that my first day at my new school would be terrible.  I'm really tired, but my first day at school went well and I feel much better now. First of all, we had to meet outside the school building. I was very nervous because my primary school only had 300 pupils but in the secondary school there are about 1,300. What a difference! The older pupils are really big. I felt so small waiting there in front of the school. The other problem was that I didn't know anyone. My family moved over the summer holidays, because of Dad's new job. So now I have to try to make some new friends. Standing in front of the school this morning, I wanted to be back at my old school with my old friends. The head teacher came out and told us to go into the school hall. Then he called our names out to tell us which class we were in. My class teacher is called Mrs. Black. She took us to our classroom. It's on the 5th floor and ... guess what? ... We aren't allowed to use the lift. I couldn't believe it. When we were walking up all the stairs I started talking to another boy who didn't know anyone. He said his family had moved from Hong Kong over the summer. He seemed really nice so we sat together when we got to our classroom, out of breath! He said his English was very poor but I thought it was really good. We spent all morning with Mrs. Black looking at our timetables. Everyone in the school has a different timetable--can you believe it? Half of the school is learning Spanish as a second language and the other half learns French. I'm in the Spanish group, which sounds like fun. I'm worried that I'll forget my timetable and go to the wrong room! How will anyone help me if nobody else has the same timetable as me? Lunchtime was OK. After lunch we started lessons. I had maths, which was complicated and difficult and then history, where we started to learn about ancient Greece. That looks interesting. I have to do some homework tonight to find out how the ancient Greek people lived. So far so good. I'm quite looking forward to tomorrow, even though I've got science. I hate science!                                               Jason \n Answer: Good.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel on the first day at his new school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3d859e67a684408ca6788db1157a3a41",
            "input": "Article: John Milton, the most learned poet, is the greatest writer of the seventeenth century and one of the giants of English literature as a whole. He was greatly influenced by two historical movements of Renaissance and Reformation. Like Spenser and Shakespeare, he was also one of the Renaissance giants not only in England but also in the whole world. Almost all later poets in English literature respected Milton highly. Milton _ over his age as Shakespeare towers over the Elizabethan age, and as Chaucer towers over the medieval period. John Milton was born in London in 1608. His education began at St. Paul's School, where he was very hard-working, where he showed wonderful gifts as a student of languages mastering Greek, Latin, Hebrew and many modem European languages. He also received very good home education under the influence of his father who was a Puritan   and a lover of music and literature. He attended Christ's College, Cambridge University, where he was very popular because of his handsomeness and talent, where he explained the true aim of knowledge as making the spirit of man \"reach out far and wide, until it fills the whole world and the space far beyond with the expansion of its greatness\", where he graduated with B.A. in 1962 and M. A. in 1963. \n Answer: Spenser, Shakespeare and John Milton had the friendly relationship between them.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2aef8a30c5f84748b7db60e19931889e",
            "input": "Article: Once a neighbour stole one of Washington's horses. Washington went with a police officer to the neighbour's farm to get the horse, but the neighbour refused to give the horse up; he claimed   that it was his horse. Washington placed both of his hands over the eyes of the horse and said to the neighbour, \"If this is your horse, then you must tell us in which eyes he is blind.\" \"In the right eye,\" the neighbour said. Washington took his hand from the right eye of the horse and showed the police officer that the horse was not blind in the right eye. \"Oh, I have made a mistake,\" said the neighbor. \"He is blind in the left eye.\" Washington then showed that the horse was not blind in the left eye, either. \"I have made another mistake,\" said the neighbor. \"Yes,\" said the police officer, \"and you have also proved that the horse does not belong to you. You must return it to Mr. Washington.\" \n Answer: Because he wanted to make the neighbor return the horse.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Mr. Washington go to the neighbor's farm with a police officer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-79f3368b67cf4b1591ef36866b228895",
            "input": "Article: Mark Rothko, one of the greatest painters of the twentieth century, was born in Daugavpils, Latvia in 1903. His family immigrated to the United States in 1913, after a 12-day voyage. Mark moved to New York in the autumn of 1923 and found employment in the garment trade and settled down on the Upper West Side. It was while he was visiting someone at the Art Students League that he saw students painting a model. According to him, this was the start of his life as an artist. He was twenty years old and had taken some art lessons at school, so his initial experience was far from an immediate calling. In 1936, Mark Rothko began writing a book, which he never completed, about the similarities in the children's art and the work of modern painters. The work of modernists, which was influenced by primitive art, could, according to him, be compared to that of children in that \"Child art transforms itself into primitivism, which is only the child producing a copy of himself.\" In this same work, he said that \"The fact that one usually begins with drawing is already academic. We start with colour.\" It was not long before his multiform developed into the style he is remembered for. In 1949 Rothko exhibited these new works at the Betty Parsons Gallery. For reviewer Harold Rosenberg, the paintings were unique and primitive. Rothko had, after painting his first multiform, separated himself from the world in East Hampton on Long Island, only inviting a very few people, including Rosenberg, to view the new paintings. The discovery of his works' specialty came at a period of great sorrow: his mother Kate died in October 1948. As part of this new uniformity of artistic vision, his paintings no longer had individual titles. From this point on they were simply untitled, numbered or dated. However, to assist in distinguishing one work from another, traders would sometimes add the primary colours to the name. Additionally, for the next few years, Rothko painted in oil only on large vertical tents. This was done to surround the viewer, or, in his words, to make the viewer feel enveloped within the picture. \n Answer: It could be compared to child work.",
            "output": [
                "What did Rothko think of modern art?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0bb3a8918cc14e9086d7f6b776d5b26a",
            "input": "Article: With hospitals and nursing homes tending to thousands of patients every year accidents can---and do ---happen. These incidents whether they are through carelessness or otherwise, can leave patients feeling powerless. That's not the case.    \"There is growing public awareness. People are feeling they have more rights and they have tools in hand to make a complaint,\" said Ralph Montano, spokesman for the California Department of Public Health, which regulates hospitals and long term care facilities in the state.     That department received more than 6000 complaints about hospitals in 2007; in the most recent year statistics are available. The complaints can be about mixed-up lab results, medicine errors, foreign objects left in a patient during surgery or a host of other topic.     Similarly, the California Department of Aging received 43000 nursing home complaints in 2009. Some said patient abuse or neglect of patients; others reported missing items. And some commented on the quality of the food.      But finding the channels through them to put forward a complaint can be tiring and time consumption. Many consumers simply don't bother, and some become lost in the system. Whether the complaint is against a hospital or a long-term care facility, the process is similar--- and many people can help, including the facility's staff, insurance company representatives and state regulators.     If you want to make a complaint while in the hospital, Patti Harvey, vice president of quality and patient care services for Kaiser Permanente in Southern California, recommends talking with the bedside nurse. If that doesn't work, you can talk with other people higher in the chain of command, up to the hospital administrator. If the problem isn't still taken care of ---say you disagree with your treatment plan or have a problem with your doctor---member service offices at each hospital can help address your concerns. \n Answer: Because it's convenient for people to put forward complaints.",
            "output": [
                "Why are there more complaints from patients?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-75260897ea7444bb9dd0490447462c3c",
            "input": "Article: Most of the sandstorms that had swept China last year came from foreign land,a Chinese official in charge of desertification  control said on Monday. And the invasions could partly explain the frequent sandstorms in the country in recent years despite  its  achievements  in desertification control. Since the start of last spring,the north and northwestern Chinese regions had been hit by 17 sandstorms,of which,a dozen came from foreign land. Situated in the centralAsia sandstorm region,one of the world's four largest sandstorm sources,China also suffers from sandstorms from outside the country while being blamed as a sand source to northeast Asia. The other three major sources are in Africa,North America and Australia. The land suffering from desertification has been _ by 7,585 square kilometres annually in China,and the area of sandy land has also been falling by 1,284 square kilometres a year. The shrinkage forms a clear contrast to the fact that the land suffering from desertification and sandy feature was added by 10,400 square kilometres and 3,436 square kilometres late last century,respectively. Currently,the desertification land in China makes up 2.64 million square kilometres,accounting for 27.46 percent of the nation's land,and its sandy land totals 1.74 million square kilometres,accounting for 18.1 percent of the country's total. \n Answer: Foreign countries.",
            "output": [
                "Where do most of the sandstorms in China come from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-63a40bef640a450d861966f647a7bbd7",
            "input": "Article: She had been shopping with her Mom in Wal-Mart.She must have been 6 years old, this beautiful brown haired, freckle-faced image of innocence.Outside, it was pouring so heavily. We all stood there just inside the door of the Wal-Mart.We waited, some patiently, others annoyed because nature messed up their hurried day.I got lost in the sound and sight of the heavens washing away the dirt and dust of the world. Her voice was so sweet as it broke the hypnotic trance   we were all caught in.\"Mom, let's run through the rain,\" she said. \"No, honey.We'll wait until it slows down a bit,\" Mom replied. This young child waited about another minute and repeated: \"Mom, let's run through the rain.\" \" We'll get wet totally if we do,\" Mom said. \"No, we won't, Mom.That's not what you said this morning,\" the young girl said as she tore at her Mom's arm. \"This morning? When did I say we could run through the rain and not get wet?\" \"Don't you remember? When you were talking to Daddy about his cancer, you said, If God can get us through this, he can get us through anything!\" The entire crowd stopped dead silent.I dare say you couldn't hear anything but the rain.We all stood silently. No one came or left in. the next few minutes,Mom paused and thought for a moment about what she would say. Now some would laugh it off and scold her for being silly.Some might even ignore what was said. But this was a moment of _ in a young child's lifetime when innocent trust can be developed so that it will bloom into faith.\"Honey, you are absolutely right.Let's run through the rain.If get wet, well maybe we just need washing,\" Mom said.Then off they ran. We all stood watching, smiling and laughing as they rushed past the cars and they held their shopping bags over their heads just in case.They got soaked.But they were followed by a few who screamed and laughed like children all the way to their cars.And yes, I did.I ran.I got wet.I needed washing. You may lose your material possessions, your money and even your health, but no one can ever take away your precious memories.So don't forget to make time and take the opportunities to make memories. \n Answer: She was strong-willed and considerate.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the mother in the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f67e29d8fcd4f19aa6136254d2a8bfe",
            "input": "Article: If you watch British television on Friday March 15, you might be surprised to see celebrities wearing funny red noses and joking around. But don't worry, they're not mad, it's all part of a biennial fund-raising event called Red Nose Day. Organized by the charity Comic Relief, founded in 1985 by two British comedians, the aim of the event is to raise money to fight poverty and injustice in the UK and Africa. Celebrities and public figures support the event by making appearances on comic TV shows broadcast by the BBC. This year, for example, UK Prime Minister David Cameron appeared in a music video by One Direction, which the band produced for the event. But Britons don't just raise money for charitable causes on one day a year, they do it all year round. One way of doing so is by shopping in charity shops. These small, inconspicuous shops sell clothes, books and household goods just like any other shop. But there's one big difference--it's all secondhand. There are nearly 10,000 charity shops in the UK, according to the Charity Retail Association. Their business model is simple: Anybody who has things they don't want anymore can donate them to a charity shop, where they are checked for damage, cleaned and priced. Most items go back on sale at a small part of their original price and the money that is made by selling them is used for a charitable cause. The idea of buying used clothes may sound off-putting, but for shoppers who have less spending money, such as the elderly or those in low-paying jobs, it has been a welcome option for years. Now, \"thrifting\"--shopping at charity shops-- is also becoming popular with young people looking for alternative fashion. \"I love shopping at thrift stores. You can find very unique clothes for a very cheap price. It doesn't bother me that other people may have worn them, I simply wash them before I wear them,\" said Anne Marie, a 19-year-old Internet user from the US, in a comment on a Yahoo forum. So next time you spot a charity shop, why not go inside? Who knows, you might find a lovely dress for just a few pounds. Even better, you can enjoy wearing it in the knowledge that your money helped a good cause. \n Answer: Appear on comic TV shows.",
            "output": [
                "What do famous people in Britain do in support of the Red Nose Day event?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cec2bbb6df3540eaa4046e96f1f48b99",
            "input": "Article: Denmark is one of the happiest nations on earth with some of the best quality of life. You don't need statistics to understand the Dane's happy lot. Walk around any Danish town and you'll experience some of the most harmonious civic spaces anywhere. Their intimate scales and perfect transport systems combine the rich history and bold modern lines of the built environment to delight the eye, and the locals' manners and sense of humor is refreshing. Denmark's capital Copenhagen is a remarkable city with well-preserved medieval streets, renowned art galleries, Michelin-starred restaurants and a healthy business center. Finding something to do is never a problem and if all else fails, just admiring the streets with a hotdog in hand is an enjoyable way to spend a few hours . Beyond the capital and the bigger cities, Denmark offers a mix of lively towns such as Ribe and Odense plus rural countryside, medieval churches , Renaissance castles and tidy 18th-century villages. The coastline of Denmark with its sand dunes and greenery is a sight that always attracts visitors. So, no matter what time of year you're in Denmark, you shouldn't miss out on a trip to the nearest beach . It's hard , in short , to find fault with the place. The visitor's most heartfelt complaint is usually the cost of visiting Denmark. True, it is not a cheap destination , but no more so than the UK, and which nation's public transport system would you rather use? Cheer yourself up by thinking of the country's remarkable organization and clockwork railway timetable as being financed by the extremely high taxes paid by your hosts. When viewed in this way , this first-rate destination seems like good value, and you get the fairy tales thrown in for free: the Danish royal family is genuinely loved and respected by the vast majority of its citizens, not least handsome Prince Frederik , his beautiful Australian-born princess-bride, Mar, and their young family. \n Answer: Polite and humorous .",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words can best describe Danes ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d7dd6c23d9f448d9acd813a82ca1561a",
            "input": "Article: Some Chinese shops have stopped selling Japanese goods in protest against Tokyo's approval of a school history book they say  _ Japan's militaristic past.        It was not clear how many Chinese stores had stopped selling Japanese products, but one association official told Renters that the boycott had begun in Shanghai, the country's business center, and the northeast city of Shenyang.        Chinese protests against Japan's bid for a permanent seat in the U.N. Security Council. Millions of Chinese have already signed an online demand against giving Japan a permanent seat.        South Korea also has criticized the Japanese text book decision. The Korean English-language newspaper Korea Times ran an article on Monday criticizing that action.        It said: \"A civic education text even has a picture of Tokto( ) as Japanese district on its cover. We cannot help but wonder how many countries in the world would be teaching their children in such wrong words.\"        It went on to say: \"The country is already a global power and should show regional leadership, not by force but by moral superiority. Tokyo doesn't appear to be reaching forward in this direction.\" \n Answer: Two.",
            "output": [
                "How many cities which led a boycott of the goods are listed in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0b8bd5d4f3fc4477bdaae3db18ab21c3",
            "input": "Article: For the most part, schools are designed to produce people who fit into society, not people who set out to change it. However, schools, particularly universities, may not only spread culture; they may add to the cultural heritage. Today American society places a good deal of emphasis on the development of new knowledge, especially in the physical and biological sciences, medicine, and engineering. In recent years, the nation's leading universities have increasingly become research centres. An emphasis on research has led universities to judge professors not by abilities as teachers, but as researchers. Promotions, salary increases, and other benefits have long been dependent on research and publication. However, the most important is no longer publishing. To be successful these days, professors have to bring in money provided by government and private industry. Critics claim that academic success is most likely to come to those who have learned to \"ignore\" their teaching duties to pursue research activities. Defenders say that even when students themselves are not involved in research projects they benefit from such an emphasis on research.  Major research universities like the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have also cooperated with industrial companies to develop technology and products with commercial potential. With university-industry ties continuing to grow, debate has increased about the consequences for basic science, academic openness, the control of information, the direction of research, and the influence on students. \n Answer: Computer science.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is NOT emphasized by today's American society?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-50e33caaa90b421f8feb2c4c1909eeb8",
            "input": "Article: In business, there's a speed difference: It's the difference between how important a firm's leaders say speed is to their competitive  strategy  and how fast the company actually moves.The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed. In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to _ ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track.What's more, the firms that \"slowed down to speed up\" improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period. How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought differently about what \"slower\" and \"faster\" mean.Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operational speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value).Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference.But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services. In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion.They encouraged new ways of thinking.And they allowed time to look back and learn.By contrast  , performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn't develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes. Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership.Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals.That kind of strategy must come from the top. \n Answer: Firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1c75812282a94fd5ba479abfb4622067",
            "input": "Article: My parents lived through the Great Depression of the 1930s and I heard stories from both of them about how their lives changed because of it. The same was true of my in-laws whose lives were also affected negatively. For example, my husband's grandfather owned a factory. Owing to the stock   market crash, he lost the factory and went back to work in the very factory he'd once owned. He could no longer afford to send my father-in-law to college. My father-in-law worked full time as a pipe fitter and went to school part-time to earn his degree, which took seven years. Somehow, my husband and I never dreamed that we would live through anything similar. However, as they say, history often repeats itself. In 1929, the stock market crashed in the month of October. The same thing happened in 2008. My husband, who had invested   all our money in the market, was in a state of shock. Each day the news was more terrible. \"We've lost more than half of our wealth,\" he told me. I just stared at him. \"How can that be?\" \"I thought we had good, solid investments, but it seems I was wrong.\" \"Well, we do have pensions  ,\" I said. \"Hopefully, they won't be affected. Since we have never lived a high lifestyle to begin with, I don't think we have to worry.\" \"I did hope to leave our children and grandchildren a generous inheritance  ,\" my husband said. He shook his head in disbelief. \"We'll still be able to give gifts. Love is the most important gift anyway.\" Our children are grown and we always try to be generous to them and our grandchildren. \"It just won't be the same.\" \"The world is always changing,\" I said. \"You never know what will happen. The main thing is not to get discouraged. As long as we have our health and can afford the necessities of life, there's no reason to be upset. When you have your health, you can always earn more money.\" I hugged my husband and he kissed me in return. \"I guess you're right,\" he agreed. \"We love each other. We have our health and enough money to live on comfortably. That's all that matters.\" We had to move out of our house into an apartment. Since few people could afford a house in those hard days, we decided to offer it for considerably less than it would normally be worth. Even so, several buyers changed their mind days before closing. But finally, our home was sold. As we shook hands with the new owners, I told them how fortunate they were. \"Not only are you getting a bargain in the price, but this house has good luck. We bought the house from a family who lived in it for nine years. They were a happy family, a husband, wife and five children. It was a cheerful house and we had a good feeling about it. We raised our children here as well.\" \"That's good to hear,\" the young woman said with a smile. \"We have two young children ourselves. And I believe in luck too.\" We nodded our heads in agreement, understanding each other. \"You'll live only six houses from the best primary school in the town and your children won't even have to cross a street,\" I said. \"Our children used to come home each day and have lunch with me.\"  \"We like the woods in the back,\" the young man told us. \"We're going to plant a large garden in the backyard.\" They seemed so young and happy and full of plans. My husband and I had to smile. At least some good was coming out of the economic difficulty. We no longer needed a house. It was good to know that another young family would now be living in what had been a happy, loving home for us. Also, the house needed work that we no longer had the energy to perform. These may be tough times economically, but as for me, I intend to look forward, not back. As Shakespeare said in Macbeth, \"what's done is done and cannot be undone.\" It's the present and future that matter. We can learn from our mistakes and make our lives better. \n Answer: They got most of their money lost in the stock market.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the author's family in 2008?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d39850a9986f45b5a9c3671708a843aa",
            "input": "Article: Singapore is a dynamic city-state where you will find a harmonious mixture of culture, cuisine, arts, people and architecture. If you have at least 5 hours to spare in transit before your next flight, join us in one of our free two-hour guided tours, which runs daily at regular times. Registration for the tour must be made at least one hour before the start of the tour. *HERITAGE TOUR Tour Timings: 9:00 am to 11:00 am    11:30 am to 1:30 pm    2:30 pm to 4:30 pm   4:00 pm to 6:00 pm The heritage tour has a short stopover at the Merlion Park before going to the Colonial District, Central Business District and Chinatown or Little India. The journey to the Merlion Park offers you a entire view of Singapore's landmarks like Marina Bay Sands, Singapore Flyer and Gardens by the Bay. The tour will bring you through a discovery journey where you will have a glimpse of a unique mixture of East and West, tradition and modernity. It will be a splendid way for you to explore the history, culture and lifestyle of multi-racial Singapore while in your transit. *CITY LIGHT TOUR Tour Timings: 6:30 pm to 8:30 pm As night falls, Singapore takes another look to offer an entertainment choice. The City Light Tour brings you to various attractions in Singapore. As the journey begins from Changi Airport towards Benjamin Sheares Bridge, you will get a wide view of Singapore's famous symbols- the Singapore Flyer, Marina Bay Sands and Esplanade. Next, you will see the Helix  Bridge which is inspired by the double helix of our DNA structure. \n Answer: 4:00 pm to 6:00 pm",
            "output": [
                "If it is 2: 45pm now and Mike's plane is going to take off at 8:35pm, which is the best timing for him?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-054c7ff175e04b61a771cf83d442e530",
            "input": "Article: We all need friends and we always have. Our ancestors found that gaining the basic necessities of life was easier in a group. It's estimated that the maximum number of people who lived in early communities of hunter-gatherers was 150. Friends aren't bound(......)by blood or family bonds, employment contracts or legal obligations. Our circle of associates includes work colleagues and people we meet at parties, in the pub or on the train to work. Some associates are much more important than our family. We are capable of exchanging an email with these associates, and may have mutual acquaintances with a good number of them, providing common ground. We do things for one another because we want to. Whether writing an answer to a photo put on Facebook, sending a birthday card by post, or making a hospital visit, the efforts we have made for our friends are out of kindness. It is this nature of friendship which requires nothing in return that makes it beneficial and valuable. Friendships take work, and they need to be nurtured, nourished and maintained. We feel good about helping our friends because we are friends. However, we often lose touch with our friends because of a lack of time and energy. When we are carrying a heavy load at work, involved in a serious relationship or raising children, it's hard to spare time for friends. In these situations, we need to remind ourselves of what friends are for and why they can be so important in our lives. In a survey of more than 2,000 married couples aged 55 or older, for both men and women, having friends was the best predictor of being satisfied in marriage -- possibly because they were more satisfied with their lives as a result of having friends. Researchers suggest social relationships are the reason why women live longer than men, Social bonds reduce the risk of disease by reducing blood pressure, cholesterol and heart rate. A lack of good friends is as harmful to your health as smoking or being overweight. Indeed, people without friends are more likely to die younger. Not only do friendships prolong our lives, they make us happier too. People who are socially active don't feel so stressed or feel they can not enjoy anything easily -- they also tend to feel better about their lives and who they are. \n Answer: That we make efforts for friends out of kindness.",
            "output": [
                "What makes friendship beneficial and valuable?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1f976010473a4e3cb673d03e4d9ac785",
            "input": "Article: Music is really powerful. Without music, movies would lose some of their attraction. No one disagree with the powerful effect music has on individuals. Whether this effect is positive or negative, however, often depends on the type of music listened to. And researches have shown that certain types of music own the ability to relieve one's anxiety, improve brain development in children, uplift one's memory and help patients to recover...just to name a few.      It should come as no surprise then, that researchers from the Tufts University have found that background music has the ability to directly affect one's eating habits as well. They counted the bites of food individuals took at meals while listening to different types of music. The diners \"ate at an average  rate of 3.9 bites per minute\", with about a third of the diners requesting more food after clearing their plates. On the other hand, with \"spirited tunes, \"the diners \"sped up to an average of 5.1 bites per minute! \"Not surprising however, when \"calming flute instrumental\" were played, the eating speed of the diners slowed \"to 3.2 bites per minute--and the bites became smaller\". They didn't request second helpings and praised that the food tasted better.    Studies have clearly stated that one safe way of losing weight includes eating slowly. Since it takes about 20 minutes for your stomach to tell the brain that it's full, eating slowly will help you to eat to satisfaction--without overdoing it. With this important piece of information then, it leads one to believe that with the use of calming background instrumental music, one can slow their food digestion, \"retraining\" both the stomach and the brain to take in less food which could lead to weight lost.        Is there any truth to this theory? One will never know unless they try it themselves. Even if it doesn't work for you, at least you'll achieve a bit of relaxing and pleasant environment during your meal periods. A great meal with great music--who could ask for anything more? \n Answer: Strengthening one's body.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the benefit of listening to certain types of music according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95f3f10778ee4bc5b4be2521c0b8facf",
            "input": "Article: Last Thursday, I had the pleasure of visiting with Deputy Superintendent Pedro Martinez, Principal Neddy Alvarez and her staff at Western High School, located in the Clark County School District, in Las Vegas. The school undertook a comprehensive effort to completely transform the culture of the school and added a motivated group of talented teachers. Western altered  the school day to add opportunities for students to get additional credits toward graduation and created smaller learning groups. As part of these comprehensive changes, the school's leadership also focused on four main reforms to transform their school. First, improvements started with the change in the relationship between the school and students to create a caring atmosphere at the school. Using the \"Capturing Kids' Hearts\" strategies, school leadership and teachers began building a trusting environment and students and families described seeing changes aimed at improving student outcomes and ensuring the success of every student. The school day was altered to add more options for students to obtain additional credits toward graduation. Students and teachers were grouped into \"houses,\" so that smaller groups of teachers and counselors could create one-on-one relationships with students. Teachers and counselors said that the altered school day provides time to address student's individual concerns and develop individualized learning plans to put every student on a path to graduation. The school also made changes to encourage parents to support school and encourage real dialogues between parents and the teachers and leaders at Western. Funded in part through the United Way, the school created a family engagement center to get parents more involved in their children's education, particularly parents of English language learners. Parents like Ally Gaona and Martha Mendez told me that they had a voice and the tools to engage in their children's learning and that they recognize that the main responsibility for their children's learning must rest with the parents. Parents were passionate about these positive changes and said that these changes signaled to the entire the community that the school was serious about family engagement. \n Answer: To talk about the school reforms.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8458a264a628467f88e54273af21f28b",
            "input": "Article: In the frozen continent of Antarctica scientists fear an alien invasion -- not from outer space, but carried in people's pockets and bags. Seeds and plants accidentally brought to Antarctica by tourists and scientists may introduce alien plant species which could threaten the survival of native plants in the finely balanced ecosystem. \"The people that were carrying the most had lots and lots of seeds. They really were real threats,\" said Dana Bergstrom, from the Australian Antarctic Division. \"When we take things in through hitchhiking  then we get species which are competitive. The plants and animals there are not necessarily competitive, so we'd start losing various precious biodiversity  on the (Antarctic) continent\", Bergstrom told Reuters. Amongst the alien species discovered were the Iceland Poppy, and Annual Winter Grass -- all from cold climates and capable of growing in Antarctica. The Antarctic Peninsula, where most tourists travel, is now considered a \"hot spot\" on the frozen continent and the warmer the climate, the easier for seeds to grow. \"The peninsula  is warming at some of the greatest rates on the planet,\" said Bergstrom. The study, the first continent-wide assessment of invasive species in Antarctica, surveyed about 1,000 passengers during 2007-2008, the first year of the International Polar Year, an international effort to research the polar areas. Bergstrom said the one alien seed that had gained a foothold is Annual Winter Grass. It is a strong weed in the sub-Antarctic and is on the Antarctic island of King George. It has also made its way to the tail part of the Antarctic continent. \n Answer: The human influence on the native plants.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage focus on?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-907f2d7851f44a88af75c10d7b0ac398",
            "input": "Article: Do you know what a castle is? A castle is a building special to Europe. Castles were built in the Middle Ages by king and other powerful people who live in. Castles were used by people to protect themselves from their enemies. They are big buildings made form stone and wood. Today there are still castles all over Europe. Some are in ruins. But some built later are still in good repair and used even today. One example is Windsor Castle, which is a home to the British queen. It is in the country or Berkshire, not far from London. Castles have walls around them. In the old days, soldiers would stand on the walls to guard the people in the castle. If enemies came they would shoot arrows and throw stones at them. Castles also had moats. A moat is a river around the wall that makes it difficult for enemies to get in. It could be either dry or filled with water. Other people from younger countries love European castles. In the US there are rich people who have brought broken parts of castles to their country and rebuilt them. And some people build \"replica\" castles---modern copies of Castle. You probably know the Disneyland Castle in California, US. But did you know it is based on a famous castle in Germany built by King Ludwig IIof Bavaria? \n Answer: People used it to protect themselves.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about the castle?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-715c7061a1704babaa53e1b05f729305",
            "input": "Article: Every immigrant leads a double life. Every immigrant has a double identity and a double vision, being suspended between an old and a new home, an old and new self. The very notion of a new home, of course, is in a sense as impossible as the notion of new parents. Parents are who they are; home is what it is.  Yet home, like parentage, must be legitimized  through love; otherwise, it is only a fact of geography or biology. Most immigrants to America found their love of their old homes betrayed: they did not really abandon their countries; their countries abandoned them. In America, they found the possibility of a new love, the chance to nurture new selves. Not uniformly, not without exceptions. Every generation has its Know-Nothing movement. Its understandable fear and hatred of alien invasion is as true today as it always was, but in spite of all this, the American attitude remains unique. Throughout history, exile has been a disaster; America turned it into a triumph and placed its immigrants in the center of a national epic.  The epic is possible because America is an idea as much as it is a country. America has nothing to do with loyalty to a dynasty and very little to do with loyalty to particular place, but everything to do with loyalty to a set of principles. To immigrants, those principles are especially real because so often they were absent or violated in their native lands. It was no accident in the '60 and '70s, when alienation was in flower, that it often seemed to be \"native\" Americans who felt alienated, while aliens or the children of aliens upheld the native values. The immigrant's double vision results in a special, somewhat skewed perspective on America that can mislead but that can also find revelation in the things that to native Americans are obvious. Psychiatrist Robert Coles speaks of those \"who straddle worlds and make of that very experience a new world.\" \"Home is where you are happy.\" Sentimental, perhaps, and certainly not conventionally patriotic, but is appropriate for a country that wrote the pursuit of happiness into its founding document. That continues for the immigrant in America, and it never stops, but it comes to rest at a certain moment. The moment is hard to pin down, but it occurs perhaps when the immigrant's double life and double vision joint together toward a single state of mind. When the old life, the old home fade into a certain unreality: places one merely visits, in fact or in the mind, practicing the tourism of memory. It occurs when the immigrant learns his ultimate lesson: above all countries, America, if loved, returns love. \n Answer: Immigrants have played an important role in America's history.",
            "output": [
                "What's the result of American's unique attitude toward immigrants?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d971a5334d544f8a9f37fa9dd7db88f2",
            "input": "Article: Pupils work harder in lessons if they are taught by a man, a study has claimed. Male teachers are more likely to improve pupils' self-esteem and are judged by pupils to be more fair, according to a study published by the Department for Education. But there is a significant shortage of male teachers, especially in primary schools, with reports last month indicating that almost one in three primaries has an all-female teaching staff. The latest figures heightened fears that schools are becoming dominated   by women and children are being denied access to male role models in the classroom. Researchers at the London School of Economics and Westminster University conducted an experiment in which each of 1,200 pupils in 29 schools was given PS2. They could use the money to \"buy\" up to 10 questions at a cost of 20p each, which they then had to answer. If they were right they were given an extra 20p, but if they were wrong they lost 20p. Boys and girls who had a male teacher chose on average almost half a question more than those taught by women, indicating that they had a more positive outlook on the rewards of effort, the the study said. Researchers wrote: \"One of the most significant results featured in this experiment is the positive effect of male teachers on effort. The experiment suggests that higher ability pupils either believed that the teacher would reward them more favorably or had a preference for working hard to please the teacher.\" According to the Good Teacher Training Guide, 86 per cent of new teachers entering primary schools are female, along with 62 per cent of those entering secondary schools. Professor Alan Smithers, of Buckingham University, said: \"This is an interesting and somewhat surprising finding, but it does underline the importance of having a good mix of male and female teachers in classes.\" \n Answer: The author thinks that male teachers are better than female teachers.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-265bd9c9aaef4ea684f184bf23b572e2",
            "input": "Article: One Friday morning, Andrew announced to his wife that he finally decided to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Andrew felt worried --- what if Mr. Larchmont refuses to grant his request? Andrew had worked so hard and of course, he deserves a wage increase. The thought of walking into Larchmont's office left Andrew weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he finally _ up the courage to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever-frugal Harvey Larchmont agreed to give him a raise! Andrew arrived home to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Tina had prepared a fine meal including his favorite dishes. Immediately he figured someone from the office might have broken the good news to her! Next to his plate Andrew found a lettered note, reading: \"Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!\" He read it and stopped to reflect on how sensitive and caring Tina was. After dinner, Andrew was on his way to the kitchen when he observed a second card had slipped out of Tina's pocket onto the floor. He picked it up. He read: \"Don't worry about not getting the raise! You deserve it anyway! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase.\" Suddenly tears swelled in Andrew's eyes. Total acceptance! Tina's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work. The fear of rejection is often softened when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure. \n Answer: He was afraid of being turned down.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Andrew worried about asking for a salary raise?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4549f15e12a44e029c1248b3d41baf30",
            "input": "Article: Sometimes having a teenager at home can be a real headache. Many teenagers smoke, drink, wear strange hairdos and even fight. Basically, they are often taking risks. Earlier studies have shown that teenagers are more likely to make _ decisions than people from any other age group, including children and adults. Is it that teenagers are too young to tell right from wrong? Not really. So what explains their risky behavior? According to Laurence Steinberg, a professor at Temple University, US, the reason is that teens care a lot about how their peers   view them - that's the effect of \"peer influence\", reported Science Daily. As children enter their teenage years, they spend more time with their friends and classmates and also become more sensitive to their feedback  . This sensitivity drives teenagers to concentrate on the short-term benefits of making risky choices and overlook the costs. In a test, a group of teenagers were asked to play a video driving game. When they played with their friends watching, they took more chances and drove more carelessly because that would increase their possibility of winning. But when they played alone, they tended to drive more safely. Why does pressure from peers have such a big influence on teens' behavior? As Steinberg sees it, a teenager's brain is like a car with a good accelerator   but a weak brake  . The \"accelerator\", the brain's ability to notice the benefits of things, is fully developed by teenage years while the \"brake\", the brain part related to controlling impulses   and long-term thinking, is still immature . When teens are under the pressure of being judged by their peers, they tend to push hard on the accelerator. Given how weak the brake is, it is likely that they are going to end up in a crash. But the good news here, according to Steinberg, is that a violent teenager doesn't necessarily become a violent adult. About two-thirds to three-quarters of violent youth grow out of it. \"They get more self-controlled,\" Steinberg told Live Science. Also, people who haven't committed a violent crime by age 19 are less likely to start doing it later, added Steinberg. \n Answer: Their brains are more sensitive to thrilling events.",
            "output": [
                "Why are teenagers likely to take risks according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a006661a0c1d41af818908cbbacec10d",
            "input": "Article: Mark Twain was a famous American writer in his day. He liked to play jokes on his friends. One day one of his friends lost his wallet  and asked Mark Twain to pay his train ticket for him. \"But I don't have enough money to pay both your ticket and mine,\" Mark Twain said. The friend didn't know what to do.    \"We can do this,\" said Mark Twain.\" We can get on the train and when the conductor came to check the tickets , you can hide under my seat.\" Later, however, when the conductor came to check the tickets, Mark Twain gave him two tickets --- one for himself and one for his friend . Then he explained in aloud voice,\" My friend is a strange man. When he travels on a train, he does not like to sit on the seat.\" Of course everyone in the train looked at the poor friend under the seat and laughed at him loudly. \n Answer: Because the friend lost his money.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the friend ask Mark Twain to pay his train ticket for him?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-775890205ae74721902b21847297d493",
            "input": "Article: One day my teacher said, \" _ .\" From that moment, I knew I had to enjoy my life. Do not waste time, because, you know, time will not come back. You cannot buy it. It is one of those things in life that you must really, really value. When you see an opportunity, take it. You might not get it back. Never let an opportunity pass. And if it is too hard, remember that in the middle of every difficulty lies an opportunity. Remember, you cannot choose how you' re going to die, or when. You can only decide how you' re going to live. Study as if you were going to live forever; live as if you were going to die tomorrow. Don' t just think of the present, but also think of your future. Your future is yet another chapter in your life and another way to live it. Every single living thing has a purpose in life. \"The purpose of life is a life of purpose,\" said Robert Byme. Learn to use time wisely, take opportunities, and enjoy life. We can discover the meaning of life in three different ways: (1) by doing a deed;  (2) by experiencing a value;  (3) by suffering life. So, what are you buying with yours? \n Answer: How you live.",
            "output": [
                "According to the author, what can you decide?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f16547a5dac4f5f8491b936a141545d",
            "input": "Article: The research carried out by the University of Bari in Italy could help clarify hospitals who are charged with wasting money on art and decoration as it suggests a pleasant environment helps patients overcome discomfort and pain. A team headed by Professor Marina de Tommaso at the Neurophysiopathology Pain Unit asked a group of men and women to pick the 20 paintings they considered most ugly and most beautiful from a selection of 300 works by artists such as Lenoardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli. They were then asked to watch either the beautiful paintings, or the ugly paintings, or a blank panel while the team struck a short laser pulse at their hand, creating a sensation as if they had been hurt by a pin. The subjects rated the pain as being a third less intense while they were viewing the beautiful paintings, compared with when considering the ugly paintings or the blank panel. Electrodes   measuring the brain's electrical activity also confirmed a reduced response to the pain when the subject looked at beautiful paintings. While distractions , such as music, are known to reduce pain in hospital, Prof de Tommaso says this is the first result to show that beauty plays a part. The findings, reported in New Scientist, also go a long way to show that beautiful surroundings could aid the healing process. \"Hospitals have been designed to be functional, but we think that their aesthetic  aspects should be taken into account too,\" said the neurologist. \"Beauty obviously offers a distraction that ugly paintings do not. But at least there is no suggestion that ugly surroundings make the pain worse. I think these results show that more research is needed into how a beautiful environment can reduce suffering.\" Pictures they liked included Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh and Botticellis' Birth of Venus. Pictures they found ugly included works by Pablo Picasso, the Italian 20th century artist Anonino Bueno and Columbian Fernando Botero. \"these people were not art experts so some of the pictures they found ugly would be considered masterpieces by the art world,\" said Prof de Tommaso. \n Answer: By aching the subjects' hands while they are watching paintings.",
            "output": [
                "How did the researchers make the research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2c54a66a132940adbcab4606c818cf66",
            "input": "Article: Besides giving off gases and dusts into the air, humans produce waste that is poured on the environment. Often, this waste produced by major industries and people is harmful to both nature and human life. One of the main causes of the large amount of dangerous waste is that people do not realize how large a problem it is. Because it can be simply removed and sent to a landfill ,the problem is often believed to end there. In addition, industries have often shown an unwillingness to find ways to deal with dangerous waste because of the related expenses. Many industries and governments build simple landfills to store waste, and often just pour waste chemicals into nearby bodies of water. Often, chemicals used for industrial production cause dangerous forms of waste.The amount of these chemicals has increased greatly in the past, but it is often difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way safe to human life and the environment. Every year, major health problems result from dangerous waste. Sadly, it is often only after someone has died or become seriously ill that governments will take measures to reduce levels of harmful waste. Some governments have realized how serious the dangerous waste problem is and are now trying to settle this problem. They are also trying to limit the amount of waste industries are allowed to produce. Not only governments but ordinary people as well must work together to solve the problem. They can choose not to buy those products which require the production of dangerous waste, and produce less harmful waste themselves. Many scientists think that waste production can be cut. The waste can be reduced by at least one third using existing technologies and methods. \n Answer: Danger of Harmful Waste to Mankind",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9de930219c284f6588825a5af0a794a9",
            "input": "Article: A deadly strain of avian flu may have passed between people for the first time, experts believe.The avian influenza A (H7N9) virus is thought to have been transmitted between father and daughter in eastern China, according to research published online by the British Medical Journal (BMJ). The findings provide the strongest evidence yet of H7N9 transmission between humans since its discover in February, but its ability to transmit itself _ \"limited and non-sustainable\" by the Chinese researchers behind the study.At the end of June 133 cases had been reported, including 43 deaths. Most infections have been among people visiting markets, selling live birds or among those who had contact with live poultry  in the seven to 10 days before becoming ill. The latest study examined the case of a 60-year-old father who regularly visited a live poultry market and became ill five to six days after his last visit in March. He was admitted to hospital with fever, cough and shortness of breath. Despite intensive care treatment he died of multiple organ failure on 4 May. His 32-year-old daughter, who was previously healthy, looked after him at his bedside before he was admitted to intensive care. She had no known exposure to live poultry before falling ill with a very high temperature, cough and fever. The daughter developed symptoms six days after her last contact with her father and was admitted to hospital where she died of multiple organ failure on 24 April. Follow-up investigations  uncovered almost genetically identical virus strains from each patient, suggesting transmission from father to daughter. Another 43 people were also tested who had had close contact with the father, daughter or both. Dr Peter Horby, senior clinical research fellow at the Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in Hanoi, Vietnam, said of the study: \"The most likely source of infection for the daughter was her father, during the period that she cared for him while he was ill. \"He said \"limited person to person transmission had been reported for other strains like H5N1 , H7N7, and the pig origin flu virus H3N2. Those strains had been around for more than a decade but have not progressed any further down the path towards a world-wide virus.\" \"Limited human-to-human transmission of H7N9 virus is therefore not surprising, but strengthening to monitor it was still needed,\" Dr Horby added. \n Answer: H7N9 transmission may be spreading between people .",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-28777c6ad1f24605be868671ee337160",
            "input": "Article: Is any economist so dull as to criticise Christmas? At first glance,the holiday season in western economies seems a treat for those concerned with such vagaries  as GDP growth.After all,everyone is spending;in America,retailers make 25% of their yearly sales and 60% of their profits between Thanksgiving and Christmas.Even so,economiwsts find something to worry about in the nature of the purchases being made. Much of the holiday spending is on gifts for others.At the simplest level,giving gifts involves the giver thinking of something that the recipient would like-he tries to guess her preferences,as economists say-and then buying the gift and delivering it.Yet this guessing of preferences is not easy;indeed,it is often done badly.Every year,ties go unworn and books unread.And even if a gift is enjoyed,it may not be what the recipient would have bought if they had spent the money themselves. Interested in this mismatch between wants and gifts,in 1993 Joel Waldfogel,then an economist at Yale University,sought to estimate the difference in dollar terms.In a research,he asked students two questions at the end of a holiday season:first,estimate the total amount paid (by the givers) for all the holiday gifts you received;second,apart from the sentimental value of the items,if you did not have them,how much would you be willing to pay to get them? His results were gloomy:on average,a gift was valued by the recipient well below the price paid by the giver. In addition,recipients may not know their own preferences very well.Some of the best gifts,after all,are unexpected items that you would never have thought of buying,but which turn out to be especially well picked.And preference can change.So by giving a jazz CD,for example,the giver may be encouraging the recipient to enjoy something that was ignored before.This,a desire to build skills,is possibly the hope held by many parents who ignore their children's desires for video games and buy them books instead. Finally,there are items that a recipient would like to receive but not purchase.If someone else buys them,however,they can be enjoyed guilt-free.This might explain the high volume of chocolate that changes over the holidays.Thus,the lesson for gift-givers is that you should try hard to guess the preference of each person on your list and then choose a gift that will have a high sentimental value. \n Answer: Wants do not always correspond to needs in gift-giving.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text,which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-05beb5faa4b54236bc6e15de81372dc7",
            "input": "Article: Nowadays the U.S. students are sleepy in school because they spend too much time texting, playing video games, watching TV and using the media in other ways. \"Heavy media use interferes with sleep by reducing sleep duration, making it harder to fall asleep, and lowering sleep quality,\" Meilan Zhang, an assistant professor at the University of Texas at El Paso, wrote in her research review in the journal, Sleep Medicine. But the relationship between youth's media use and sleep is not so simple, said Michael Gradisar, who authored both that review and the Sleep Medicine meta-analysis. \"Technology use is the new evidence when we are trying to answer 'Why are school-age children sleeping less?'\" said Mr. Gradisar, an associate professor of psychology at Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia. There may be safe limits to technology use, Mr. Gradisar stated. For instance, recent research results indicate that using a bright screen for an hour before bed or even playing violent video games for less than that will not necessarily interfere with teenagers' sleep, he wrote. But longer periods of usage can be harmful to sleep, Mr. Gradisar added. Rather than delaying school start times, he said, the first step should be educating parents about limiting the hours that their children are using technology before bed, and enforcing a consistent bedtime. Early school start times are also commonly blamed for students' sleepiness, especially for adolescents. Secondary schools around the nation and the world have been delaying start times, often with positive results. Mr. Minnich of the TIMSS and PIRLS International Study Center hesitated to put blame to any particular factor. But he did think that cost-saving measures to consolidate bus routes might help explain U.S. students' sleepiness. \"For those children who board the bus first, they must get up earlier, may end up sleeping on the way to school, and may end up arriving at school sleepy.\" he said. \n Answer: Several factors affect kids' sleep.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9a86731e6833498ab4c8231584995bf2",
            "input": "Article: The fighting against youth smoking since I took office I've done everything in my power to protect our children from harm. We've worked to make their streets and their schools safer, and to give them something positive to do after school before their parents get home. We've worked to teach our children that drugs are dangerous, illegal and wrong. Today, I want to talk to you about the historic opportunity we now have to protect our nation's children form an even more deadly threat: smoking. Smoking kills more people every day than AIDS, alcohol, car accidents, murders, suicides, drugs and fires combined. Nearly 90 percent of those smokers lit their first cigarette before they turned 18. Consider this: 3,000 children start to smoke every day illegally, and 1,000 of them will die sooner because of it. This is a national tragedy that every American should be honor-bound to help prevent. For more than five years we've worked to stop our children from smoking before they start, launching a nationwide campaign to educate them about the dangers of smoking, to reduce their access to tobacco products, and to severely restrict tobacco companies from advertising to young people. If we do these, we'll cut teen smoking by almost half over the next five years. That means if we act now, we have it in our power to stop 3 million children from smoking and to save a million lives as a result. \n Answer: To protect our children from harm.",
            "output": [
                "What has the author done in his power?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1a0fd5d0c0de4a668885fb0c1294566c",
            "input": "Article: I got tired of living the life that everybody told me I \"should\" be living , so one day I decided to start living life on my own terms. Frustrated with my job, I came home, put on my shoes, and just started running. It felt so good to be free. That first day I ended up running 30 miles without stopping. Yes, I had rediscovered my old passion ( ) -- and it felt so good I set a goal to support myself and my family from my running alone. I trained hard every day. Since I wanted to be the best I could be, I knew I would have to set some clear goals for myself. A couple of my goals were: run a 135-mile ultra-marathon  across Death Valley, win the Badwater Ultra-Marathon, and run a marathon to the South Pole. I had no idea how I was going to achieve these goals, but they certainly encouraged me to work hard. Today, I am really grateful to say that I have achieved all of them. Shortly after completing these goals, I set another goal: to run fifty marathons, in fifty states, in fifty days. Nobody had done anything like this before. To be honest, I was not quite sure if I could. But there was only one way to find out...so I just started training and preparing to give it my best try. I completed _ one year ago, and it felt great! But for me, life is not all about achieving goals. Sure, it feels good to succeed, but the greatest reward for me was learning more about myself and what I was able to do. Only by stepping out into the unknown and stretching  ourselves can we really discover what our true potential  is. \n Answer: He suddenly found running interesting.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author decide to become a runner?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7ec773594ac6469fb2fa549c0d15a379",
            "input": "Article: People are overweight for many reasons, the most important one of which is that they eat the wrong foods, get the wrong types of calories per meal, and they also eat meals at the wrong time each day. Food is more powerful than any weight loss pill, because the food that you eat can either make you thin or fat. This is true because your body is like an engine, and it only needs certain foods at certain intervals each day. Low-calorie Diets Do Not Work The reason people cannot lose weight by starving themselves is that their metabolism will detect any major drop in calories and it will then adjust itself by burning fewer calories each day. That is the reason why you can eat 1,000 calories per day and not lose any weight, while your friends can eat 2, 500 calories per day and not gain any weight. Low-fat Diets Do Not Work Many people in today's society are buying mostly low- fat or non-fat food at the grocery store. Everybody knows how much fat is inside the food they buy. However, people are getting fatter than ever before by doing this. They are not losing weight by changing to this low-fat lifestyle. Losing weight has nothing to do with these things. One of the most important things you can do to control your weight is to eat the proper foods, such as fruit and vegetables, eat them at the right time, and exercise every day. If people make this a habit, they will lose weight. \n Answer: They eat the wrong foods at the wrong time.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main reason why people are overweight according to the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ed4dd75709234e918780892f8c5934d6",
            "input": "Article: Since Amy Chua took the world of Chinese parents by storm with her book, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, in 2011 it seems more Chinese mothers have turned into \"tiger moms\". Several young Chinese mothers are my friends. But rarely any of them is free for lunch or other activities, because they appear to have become their children's \"slaves\". One of these young mothers moved from Hebei province to Beijing just to get her daughter admitted to a private and very expensive kindergarten. She closed her booming business and her husband shifted his office to Beijing, where they have bought a house. Another young mother is divorced and always busy with her daughter's dance, piano or English class. And a couple, both professionals in high positions, left their jobs, sold their Beijing house and moved to Australia when their son started going to school. The offspring of tiger moms rarely play sports, exchange ideas with their peers , take part in social projects, clean their rooms or wash clothes. Since everything such children do is under the guidance of their protective mothers, they don't learn how to manage their time or plan a project. As such, their education is far from complete. They are unable to defend an idea--let alone come up with one--deal with opposing views, accept defeat or organize their life. Tiger moms want their children to be more competitive so that they can enter the best schools. But school is only one period in a person's life. What about real life? What kind of independence will these children have once they grow up? Today, children don't get the chance to discuss or choose what they want: learn to play the violin or piano; take up drawing or swimming. Their tiger moms decide for them. Ideally, parents should discuss with their children, give them a choice and explain to them that they will have to finish what they start. This would help children develop not only their judgment but also their sense of responsibility. The solution to this problem is total reform of the education sector. And the government knows that. But reform needs time. We can only hope the reform is completed before today's children become the \"sacrificed generation\". But we need to reform the existent mindset  more than the education sector . Education is not only about memorizing books and taking exams. Therefore, we should stop seeing kindergartens as \"schools\", and ensure all schools have the same standards, and bookish knowledge is enriched by knowledge from other sources, from society and life itself. Mothers are not to be blamed for the present situation, for in their desire to provide the best education for their children they become victims of social trends. But let's hope the Chinese view of education will change, gradually if not rapidly, to the benefit of children, families and society as a whole.  This is my wish on Mother's Day. \n Answer: Making choices and completing what they should do on their own.",
            "output": [
                "What enable children to develop both their judgment and their sense of responsibility?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9db3dd2f733f4704b26c4de34cd1dda4",
            "input": "Article: America's love of cars and being on the open road has led to the creation of the modern travel orcamping trailer . Some trailers are so well equipped that people can comfortably live in them full time. Almost allcampers   are considered as recreational vehicles (RV's). RV's include motor homes, trailers, house trailers and truck campers. The smaller trailers usually have just enough room for two people to sleep and store a few personal travel items. Some of the larger motor homes include a kitchen, a bathroom, an eating area and even a bedroom. While tent camping is always an adventure, campers are a fun way to take a long trip, or to spend some more comfortable time in a beautiful setting, like a lakeside campground. So many camper trailers have been designed for people to live in the trailer long term. Some people choose to park their trailers in trailer parks and live in their trailers full time. In America many retired adults choose to spend their time traveling across the country on the open road and bring their trailers with them. Full time use of trailers for these travelers is considered to be arecreational  activity. Camper trailers can also be rented and used for a shorter period of time, such as a camping trip or a road trip. A camper trailer can be a comfortable _ to sleeping in a tent if you are camping. If you like traveling at your own pace, a camper trailer is a good choice. \n Answer: They are suitable for both long and short trips.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about camper trailers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-36242feafff5435288a95bacb9a1d7ec",
            "input": "Article: A small, white envelope has peeked   through the branches of our Christmas tree for the past 10 years. It has no name, no identification, no inscription  . My husband Mike hated Christmas. He hated the overspending and the crazy running around at the last minute for the gifts given in desperation because you couldn't think of anything else. So one year I searched for something special to give Mike. The inspiration came in an unusual way. Our son Kevin was 12 and was on the school wrestling team. Shortly before Christmas, there was a non-league match against a team of poor kids. They were dressed in ragged sneakers, and presented a sharp contrast   to our boys in their golden uniforms and sparkling   new wrestling shoes. As the match began, I was alarmed to see that the other team was wrestling without helmets . Their team obviously could not afford them. We beat them hands down  . Mike shook his head sadly. \"I wish just one of them could have won,\" he said. Mike loved kids and enjoyed coaching football and baseball. That's when the idea for his present came. That afternoon, I went to a sports store and bought a load of wrestling headgear and shoes. I sent them anonymously   to the poor team. On Christmas Eve, I placed a small, white envelope on the tree, the note inside telling Mike what I had done and that this was his gift from me. Mike's smile was the brightest thing about Christmas that year. In the years that followed, I sent a group of mentally handicapped   youngsters to a hockey game, and a check to a pair of elderly brothers whose home had burned to the ground the week before Christmas. The white envelope became the highlight   of Christmas. Mike died last year, but on Christmas Eve I still placed an envelope on the tree. The next morning it was joined by three more. Each of our three children had placed a white envelope on the tree for their dad. Mike's spirit, like the Christmas spirit, will always be with us.   By Nancy W. Gavin \n Answer: He felt the Christmas spirit was lost in commercialized gift buying.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Mike hate Christmas?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dbcd694faf2040e39dd6880f15bf1700",
            "input": "Article: Lindsay Binegar of Greenfield, Ohio, made her first $ 100 at the age of four, when she won a prize for showing a pig from her family's farm to the local 4H Club. Most kids would be thrilled to spend that money on toys, but not Lindsay. \"I didn't get the money; it went to the bank,\" she told the Columbus Dispatch. Over the years, Lindsay kept on raising and showing pigs, and kept on winning prizes. Some were $ 100 for small wins, but she won thousands of dollars for championship prizes at county fairs. Before long, she earned an impressive amount of cash--but, aside from a purse when she was 14, Lindsay had never spent a dollar of her savings. By the time she was 18, she had got more than $ 40,000, which she planned to put towards her college education at nearby Ohio University. But her parents said that if she continued living at home while attending school, they wouldn't have to pay for her dorm housing, and would be willing to cover the entire cost of her education. It sounded like a good deal to Lindsay. But what should she do with her savings?  Her father had an idea:buy a house, just as he'd done when he was young. He used the house's sale to help him buy the family farm where Lindsay had grown up and raised all those lucrative  pigs. Lindsay was able to buy a house in Greenfield, paying for the entire purchase in cash. She did a bit of painting and then rented it out for $ 450 a month. After finishing college, Lindsay plans to marry Heath McNeal, and use the income from her house to buy a block of land and build a new house. But she'll never move too far from home. \"I would like to stay in Greenfield,\" she said. \"I just love everybody here. \" At her current rate, she'll probably be the town's biggest real estate tycoon  by the age of 25. \n Answer: It was put in the bank.",
            "output": [
                "What did Lindsay do with her first prize?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a34bd2259b3e4f38806df7335b12848e",
            "input": "Article: The Beijing International Marathon has acquired a new name among some disappointed participants: Smogathon. About 30,000 runners, many from other parts of China or abroad, awoke in the Chinese capital on Sunday to an orange sun glowing weakly through a dirty haze . _ . But no one cancelled on the advice of the organizers, the Chinese Athletic Association and the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Sports, because those organizations did not call it off. That has made participants call the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), which has approved the 26-mile, or 42-kilometer race, to set air quality standards in the future to avoid damaging the runners' health. The association could not be reached by telephone on Sunday. \"Does the IAAF have guidelines?\" asked Chas Pope, a British engineer who took part in the marathon on Sunday. \"If they don't, they should consider it,\" said Mr. Pope, who has lived in Beijing for 11 years and runs several long-distance races each year. \"It's meant to be fun and good for your health,\" Mr. Pope said of the marathon. \"But in such air, it's just ridiculous to be running,\" he said. He abandoned the course. \"Most of my overseas friends pulled out,\" he said. \"And quite a few of my Chinese friends too, but a lot didn't. I think they don't know as much about the health impact.\" Images on Twitter and Chinese social media showed Chinese runners wearing a variety of face protections, from light cloth masks to World War I-style gas masks. Still many completed the race without masks. \"Today's race should definitely have been called off or rescheduled,\" said Zhang Kai, Beijing-based campaigner with Greenpeace East Asia. \"What happened today to this sports even is just another reminder to the government that much remains to be done to China's energy and industrial structure to solve pollution,\" said Mr. Zhang. \"If the battle against pollution is a marathon, it is now time to catch up on speed.\" In the end, the race was won by two Ethiopians: Girmay Birhanu Gebru won the men's race in 2 hours, 10 minutes and 42 seconds while Fatuma Sado Dergo won the women's in 2 hours, 30 minutes and 3 seconds, breaking Chinese women's advantage of the race for the last 22 years. The favored Chinese woman runner, Gong Lihua, told China News Net that the smog didn't affect her too much but it interfered with many people's ability to sweat, affecting their performance. \n Answer: To appeal to it to set air quality standards in the future.",
            "output": [
                "Why did participants call the IAAF?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-574207bbe47c47eea868db3518b61f2c",
            "input": "Article: Sometimes, kindness is a simple answer in a difficult and challenging world. When my granddaughter, Skylar, was young, one day we went out and had a contest called \"Who can make the most people smile. \" And we continue it today. When shopping, we were walking in the supermarket and noticed someone walking down the aisle with her head down. Skylar walked up to her and gave her a big smile. I watched her walk down the aisle, turned around and smiled at Skylar again or perhaps smiled at someone else. Kindness is a chain that pulls us all together. Every single act of kindness has a ripple effect . In 2002, my dad had a series of strokes and other illness. My dad had been doing nice things for all sorts of people for years, from the street crossing guard, to the waitress in a restaurant, to a friend's mother. That same day, I made cookies for the janitor  at the post office. When I gave him the cookies he actually looked a little embarrassed. \"Why, Linda?\" he asked. \"Because I appreciate you!\" I answered. \"When I get here at 6 am and it is still dark out and it is a little scary, I know you are inside and I feel safe. And when I first moved here and my post office box was always empty, you always cheered me on. And you always keep this place clean.\" That evening his wife called me and said that he was overwhelmed . \"No one even knows his name, let alone bakes him cookies!\" she said. (278 words) \n Answer: positive",
            "output": [
                "What was the author's attitude to the contest in the supermarket?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-16e65751bcc24b7588a4d49d6615c3c3",
            "input": "Article: Visitor Oyster cards are electronic smartcards that come fully charged with credit. Whether you're making a one-off trip to London or you're a regular visitor, using an Oyster travel smartcard is the easiest way to travel around the city's public transport network. Simply touch the card on the yellow card reader at the doors when you start and end your journey. Advantages of a Visitor Oyster Card A Visitor Oyster card is one of the cheapest ways to pay for single journeys on the bus, Tube, DLR, tram, London Over-ground and most National Rail services in London: * Save time----your card is ready to use as soon as you arrive in London. * It's more than 50% cheaper than buying a paper travel card or single tickets with cash. * There is a daily price cap----once you have reached this limit, you won't pay any more. * Enjoy special offers and promotions at leading London restaurants, shops and entertainment venues----plus discounts on the Emirates Air Line cable car and Thames Clippers river buses. Buy a Visitor Oyster card Buy a Visitor Oyster card before you visit London and get it delivered to your home address. A card costs PS3  (non-refundable) plus postage. Order online and arrive with your Oyster in hand! You can also buy a Visitor Oyster card from Gatwick Express ticket offices at Gatwick Airport Station and on board Eurostar trains travelling to London. Add Credit to Your Visitor Oyster Card You can choose how much credit to add to your card. If you are visiting London for two days, you can start with PS20 credit. If you run out of credit, add credit at the following locations: * Touch screen ticket machines in Tube, DLR, London Over-ground and some National Rail stations. * Around 4,000 Oyster Ticket Stops found in newsagents and small shops across London. * TFL Visitor and Travel Information Centers. * Tube and London Over-ground station ticket offices. * Emirates Air Line terminals. \n Answer: Before you leave home.",
            "output": [
                "When can you use your Visitor Oyster Card?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5a1b63269516426a922a90a1be9b5c49",
            "input": "Article: College libraries are designed primarily for research and study. To explain its use, let us choose a research topic and follow the step-by-step procedure of looking up the material for the paper. Suppose your assignment is to write a paper on a novel called The Sun Also Rises by American writer Hemingway.The first step is to go to the main catalog.Many small drawers on the large wooden cabinets are lined up in alphabetical  order.Each of the drawers contains hundreds of alphabetical ordered cards.These cards are printed references to all material available in the library.Title cards are cataloged by the first word of the book title, leaving out the articles like \"a\", \"an\" and \"the\".And then you get the cards for the books you need.On the upper left corner of each card is the call number.This is the numerical code that shows where the book is located in the library.The library has open and closed stacks.If your book is on the open stacks, you can go to the open-stack room, and according to the call number find it out by yourself.There are only about 30,000 books on open stacks, while most of the 800,000 books in our library are kept in closed stacks, which are accessible only to teachers and graduate students. For undergraduates like you, borrowing books from the closed stacks have to be done with the help of our librarian.In that case, you must fill out a call slip  for the book, showing the call number, author and title.You can get call slips on tables near the catalog cabinets.You show your call slip together with your library card to a librarian at the information desk.He or she will help you find the book out in the closed stacks. \n Answer: To guide readers how to find books needed in a college library.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-844b050f5647453b959531de72dfa9e8",
            "input": "Article: Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few obvious benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked. Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup   as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible. Nearly every successful civilization  has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects. Exploration also allows minerals and other potential   resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions . Knowledge or techniques have been gained through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products   of technological developments in the space industry! While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist. While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive  ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. \n Answer: By-products in space exploration.",
            "output": [
                "What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7bf297296f4d495a8560e68a2b081837",
            "input": "Article: The City of Christchurch, New Zealand was struck by a 7.1magnitude earthquake on the early morning of Saturday, September 4, 2010. No tsunami alert was reported. The country's army troops were on standby to assist victims and disaster recovery operation. New Zealand's Prime Minister John Key, flew to the affected area to inspect and assess the situation of the damaged city. The Prime Minister said that the full assessment of the damages would possibly take months to know the severity of damages. Based from his assessment on what he saw in the area, it could cost at least 2 billion New Zealand dollars or US$1.4 billion for reconstruction. \"An absolute miracle that no one died,\" Prime Minister John Key said. Two were seriously injured from this quake and thousands of local residents were awakened after being shaken at 4:35 a.m. of that Saturday. There were people trapped inside the damaged buildings but fortunately none were reported dead from the rubble of the damaged buildings. \"We're all feeling scared--we've just had some significant aftershocks,\" a survivor told TV One News. \"Tonight we're just people in the face of a massive natural disaster, trying to help each other and we're grateful we haven't lost a life.\" GNS Science reported 29 aftershocks within the 14 hours after the quake, with strength from magnitude 3.7 to 5.4.  _ . The country experiences more than 14,000 earthquakes a year--but only about 150 are felt by people. \"Many buildings here were built with earthquake protection measure. However, in most cities in developing countries, people build how they want to and there're no building controls to force them to build to a higher standard that's safe,\" Andrew Charleson, an architecture professor at Victoria University of Wellington told CNN. \n Answer: 0.",
            "output": [
                "How many people were killed in the New Zealand earthquake on September 4, 2010?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-27d034a597004fdfa5df7f4b8a79c0d5",
            "input": "Article: I have a friend named Monty Roberts who owns a horse ranch   in San Isidro. He lets me use his house to hold events to raise money for youth at risk programs. The last time I was there he greeted me by saying, \"I want to tell you why I let you use my house. It all goes back to a story about a young man who was the son of a poor horse trainer who would go from stable   to stable, farm to farm, training horses. As a result, the boy's high school was continually interrupted  . One day in the last year of high school, he was asked to write a paper about what he wanted to do when he grew up. \"He wrote a seven-page paper about his goal of owning a horse ranch in great detail. He put a great deal of his heart into the project and even drew a detailed floor plan for the dream ranch. Then the next day he handed it in to his teacher. Two days later he received his paper back. But he got a low mark with a note that read, 'See me after class.'  \"The boy went to see the teacher after class and asked, 'Why did I receive a low mark?'\" \"The teacher said, 'This is an unrealistic dream for a young boy like you. You have no money. You come from a poor family. Owning a horse ranch requires a lot of money. There's no way you could ever do it.' Then the teacher added, 'If you will rewrite this paper, I will reconsider your mark.' \"The boy went home and thought about it long and hard. He asked his father what he should do. His father said, 'Look, son, you have to make up your own mind on this. However, I think it is a very important decision for you.' \"Finally, the boy turned in the same paper, making no changes at all. He wrote, 'You can keep the low mark and I'll keep my dream.'\" \n Answer: He was born in a poor family.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE about Monty Roberts?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fdec889e3a6f4edd8af8c5647be96180",
            "input": "Article: Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg,distance of about eighty miles. It was late. Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I became increasingly impatient. At one point along an open road, I came to a crossing with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now, but as I drove near the light, it turned red and I made a stop. I looked left, right and behind me. Nothing. Not a car, no suggestion of car lamps, but there I sat, waiting for the light to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction. I started wondering why I refused to run the light I was not afraid of being caught, because there was clearly no policeman around, and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it. Much later that night, the question of why I'd stopped for that light came back to me. I think I stopped because it's part of a contract we all have with each other. It's not only the law, but it is an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honor it: we don't go through red lights. Trust is our first inclination .Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us. The whole construction of our society depends on mutual trust, not distrust. We do what we say we'll do; we show up when we say we'll show up; and we pay when we say we'll pay. We trust each other in these matters, and we're angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them. I was so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night. \n Answer: He was slowed down by a truck.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author get impatient while driving?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-80917b8acd194457a44a22d19a3719bc",
            "input": "Article: The standard Outward Bound course lasts for three or four weeks. During that time the students live in the wilderness and go through many physical activities of ever increasing difficulty. The first few days are given to physical conditioning and to the teaching of basic skills such as first aid, map and compass reading, rope climbing, and other similar activities. During the second part of the course students learn how to climb rocks and cliffs, how to use canoes and rafts in swift water, and in some schools how to sail, ski, climb mountains, and make long-distance hikes. The first two parts of the course are done in groups. Members work together and help each other to overcome the increasing number of challenges. In the third part of the course, students are sent out alone for three days to survive in the wilderness with only a few necessities. Who are the students of Outward Bound? They are both young people and adults, men and women. The minimum age is 16.5 years. There is no maximum age. About one-third of the 6,000 persons completing the course each year are women. Businessmen, housewives, university students, professors, doctors, and lawyers are among those taking part in the course. In recent years special courses for the busy business managers have gained in popularity. These courses last from five to ten days rather than the usual three to four weeks of the normal course. Not all students complete the Outward Bound course. In some cases the individual cannot meet the physical challenges. In its own words Outward Bound literature says: \"Make no mistake, Outward Bound is not for everybody. The courses aren't easy and are not meant to be.\" Most students who finish the course share a common experience. They are surprised at themselves that they finish the course and they feel great pride in doing the impossible! The Outward Bound experience makes them feel that they are better than they know! \n Answer: In canoes and rafts.",
            "output": [
                "Where are Outward Bound courses given?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4bbdcb3f829d4074bf9d1c0e8ba49d29",
            "input": "Article: STOCKHOLM, Oct.11 (Xinhua) -- Chinese writer Mo Yan has won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature, announced Peter Englund, Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy in Stockholm on Thursday. The Nobel Prize in Literature 2012 is awarded to Chinese writer Mo Yan \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary,\" said Englund at a press conference. Mo Yan, a pseudonym for Guan Moye, was born in 1955 and grew up in Gaomi in Shandong province in eastern China.His parents were farmers. As a 12-year-old during the Cultural Revolution he left school to work, first in agriculture, later in a factory.In 1976 he joined the People's Liberation Army and during this time began to study literature and write.His first short story was published in a literary journal in 1981. \"In his writing, Mo Yan draws on his youthful experiences and on settings in the province of his birth.This is apparent in his novel Hong gaoliang jiazu (1987, in English Red Sorghum 1993),\" said the academy in a statement of Mo's biography. The book consists of five stories that unfold and interweave in Gaomi in several turbulent decades in the 20th century, with depictions of bandit culture, the Japanese occupation and the harsh conditions endured by poor farm workers, according to the biography.Red Sorghum was successfully filmed in 1987, directed by famous Chinese director Zhang Yimou. Through a mixture of fantasy and reality, historical and social perspectives, Mo Yan has created a world reminiscent in its complexity of those in the writings of William Faulkner and Gabriel Garcia Marquez, at the same time finding a departure point in old Chinese literature and in oral tradition, the academy commented in the biographical statement. In addition to his novels, Mo Yan has published many short stories and essays on various topics.In spite of his social criticism, he is seen in his homeland as one of the foremost contemporary authors, the statement added. Dozens of his works have been translated into English, French and Japanese and many other languages. Last year's literature prize went to Swedish poet Tomas Transtromer. Alfred Nobel, a Swedish industrialist who invented dynamite, established the Nobel Prizes in his will in 1895.The first awards were handed out six years later. \n Answer: on the newspaper",
            "output": [
                "Where can you possibly read tins article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df67466d2f0d469eac636c6db68b27cd",
            "input": "Article: Sheng Huizhen's life story is typical of immigrants   who have succeeded in America. After getting her PhD in biochemistry, she got a job as a researcher at the National Institutes of Health. She got a green card, bought a house in Maryland and worked her way up all the time. But then she moved back to China. A law in America stopped the use of public money for research on human embryos  . This prevented her from doing the kind of work she wanted to do. The Chinese government attracts her to return with $75,000 for a new lab. She could use the lab to do her research. \" Maybe because of the culture, the public in China are friendlier to the research,\" said Sheng, 55 , whose family remains in the United States. Attracted by support and a scientific environment more open to certain types of experiments, China's long-lost scientists are coming back. Besides, China announced that it would double its research-and-development spending by 2012, to about $69 billion. The returning scientists are very happy about that. In recent years, more than 275,000 have come back. Many of these \"sea turtles\" , as they are known, have returned with degrees in science or engineering. They are going to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, where 81 percent of the members are returning scientists. Fifty thousand of the returning scientists are starting their own companies, according to China's Ministry of Education, pushing the development in science. \n Answer: Because she was tired of living abroad.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Sheng Huizhen return to China?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c57a56cdb7564036a360e89a73a2b470",
            "input": "Article: Every year Chris Brogan posts his three words for a new year. Many others and I have followed his lead for the past three or four years. They helped me a lot. My words for last year were\"passion\", \"focus\"and\"delegate\"and I stayed true to them. This year, 2013, my goals are more personal and less professional. FOCUS Focus is making a repeat appearance on my list this year because I'm too much of a _ . The problem is that I have trouble finishing one thing with so many things calling me. When I was working as a writer, all my projects were handled via a schedule, I'm putting a fitness and housekeeping routine into my schedule. HEALTH I get so busy taking care of everyone else, and I forget to take care of myself and this has to change. My health suffers and my weight suffers. I have to get my health in check, not only for me but because I promised my 9-year-old son. I'll make good food and lifestyle choices. I miss being thin, and it's time to get it back. CELEBRATE What good is having it if I'm not taking time to enjoy it? I have a wonderful job, a happy family, and so much to be thankful for. So how come I spend all my time working? Last summer my family took our first vacation in four years, the best thing I've done for myself and my family in a long time. This year, I'm making sure to take time to enjoy life and celebrate its many blessings. Do you have any words for 2013? \n Answer: He's gaining weight and feeling bad.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the writer have\"HEALTH\"as one of his three words?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-01b406cb7b0440b6a8cf4774b0025231",
            "input": "Article: Australia, the last continent, was discovered by ships belonging to some European nations in the seventeenth century. These nations were less interested in changing it into a colony   than in exploring   it. As in the early history of the United States, it was the English who set up the settlements   in Australia. This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some other things in common as well. Australia and the United States are about the same in size, and their western lands are both not rich in soil. It was the eastern coast of Australia and American that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west. However, this westward movement took place more because the English were searching for better land than because the population was increasing. Settlements of the western part of both countries developed quickly after gold was discovered in America in 1849 and in Australia two years later. Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common, there are some striking differences as well. The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australis won its independence without having to go to war. Australia, unlike the United States, was firstly truned into a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising. By 1922, for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people, or almost half as many sheep as there are people today in the United States. Yet, in spite of these and other main differences, Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world. \n Answer: Britain.",
            "output": [
                "Who turned Australia into a colony?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-41cb113d6eb34e6f9971b8e18447c351",
            "input": "Article: Migrants to the UK are to be quizzed about their English skills before being able to claim income-related benefits, the government has announced. In a move to \"protect the integrity of the benefits system\", people will also be asked what efforts they have made to find work before coming to Britain. Work and Pensions Secretary Duncan Smith said people should not be able to \"take advantage\" of British benefits. Job centres in England, Scotland and Wales will use the \"more mighty\" test. The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) said the test would ensure \"only migrants who have a legal right to be in Britain and plan to contribute to this country can make a claim for benefits\". \"For the first time, migrants will be quizzed about what efforts they have made to find work before coming to the UK and whether their English language skills will be a barrier to them finding employment,\" the DWP said in a statement. Income-related benefits include council tax benefit, housing benefit, income-based jobseeker's allowance and pension credit. Mr. Duncan Smith said British people were \"rightly concerned\" that migrants should contribute to the economy and should not be \"drawn here by the attractiveness of our benefits system\". \"It is vitally important that we have strict rules in place to protect the integrity of our benefits system,\" he said. He said the new test would help create a fair system which provided for \"genuine\" workers and jobseekers but \"does not allow people to come to our country and take advantage\". To claim the benefits, migrants will have to pass a \"habitual residence test\" including more than 100 extra questions compared to now. This will be overseen by an \"intelligent IT system\" which will ensure questions are \"tailored to each individual _ \". Migrants will be allowed to claim benefits if they can prove they are legally allowed to be in Britain and are \"habitually resident\" of the country. As part of this they might be questioned about what measures they have taken to \"establish\" themselves in Britain and what ties they still have abroad. \"They will also have to provide more evidence that they are doing everything they can to find a job,\" the DWP said. \n Answer: ensuring the British benefit claimed legally by migrants .",
            "output": [
                "What does the British government use the test for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-081a69185af94c829217b2fead349f4a",
            "input": "Article: Yorkshire, England was the setting for two great novels of the 19th century. One of them is Jane Eyre written by Charlotte Bronte. The Bronte family had three girls and a boy. Charlotte was born in 1816, Emily was born in 1818 and Anne in 1820. Their brother Branwell was born in 1817. The children wrote and told stories and walked over the hills. They grew up largely self-educated.  Branwell showed a great interest in drawing.  The girls took positions as teachers or taught children in their homes. The girls were determined to earn money for Branwell's art education. As children, the girls had all written many stories.  Charlotte alone wrote 22 books, each with 60 to 100 pages of small handwriting. Therefore, they turned to writing for income. By 1847, Charlotte had written The Professor; Emily, Wuthering Heights; and Anne, Agnes Grey.  After much difficulty, Anne and Emily found a publisher  , but there was no interest shown in Charlotte's book. ( It was not published until 1859. ) However, one publisher expressed an interest in seeing more of her work. Jane Eyre was already started, and she hurriedly finished it. It was accepted at once; thus each of the sisters had a book published in 1847. Jane Eyre was immediately successful; _ , however, did not do so well. Emily lived only a short while after the publication of her book, and Anne died in 1849. Charlotte published Shirley in 1849, and Villette in 1853. In 1854 she married Arthur Bell Nicholls. But only a year later, she died of tuberculosis   as her sisters had. \n Answer: Help him get trained in art.",
            "output": [
                "What did the Bronte sisters want to do for Branwell Bronte?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0464006511f440c6920709374d3cf1c0",
            "input": "Article: My dad loved pennies, especially those with wheat. Those were the pennies he grew up with in Iowa and he didn't have many. When I was a kid, Dad and I would go for walks together. We'd spy coins along the way. Whenever I picked up a penny, he'd ask, \"Is it a wheat?\" It always thrilled him when we found one of those special coins produced between 1909 and 1958, the year of my birth. He told me he often dreamed of finding coins. \"I have that dream too!\" I told him. It was our secret connection. Dad died in 2002. One grey day, not long after his death, I was walking down Fifth Avenue and I found myself in front of the oldest church in Manhattan, which my father had been attending. I was greeted in warmly. The song was Dad's favorite, one we'd sung at his funeral. After the service, I walked out, stepped onto the sidewalk--and there was a penny. I picked it up, and sure enough, it was a wheat, a 1944, a year my father was serving on a ship in the South Pacific. Then, wheat pennies began turning up on the sidewalks everywhere. I got most of the important years: his birth year, the war years, the year he met my mom, the year they got married. But, no 1958 penny-my year. The next Sunday, after the service, I was walking up Fifth Avenue and spotted a penny in the middle of the street. It was a busy street, but I risked my safety and got it. A wheat! There was my birthday.  _ \n Answer: Pennies from Heaven",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a41887252b1a475fb88f7223fae422cb",
            "input": "Article: Bad teeth may be painful and it's getting worse without treatment. They can even ruin your life. Illness of the teeth can find its way into the blood system. This can increase the chances of a heart disease or other illnesses. Experts say good care for teeth should start at birth. Mothers' milk is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. But dentists say a baby's mouth and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding. Use a cloth with a little warm water. Do the same if a baby is fed with a bottle. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give him only water. When baby's teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. Young children often eat toothpaste   when they brush, so they should be carefully watched when they brush their teeth. Parents often ask what effect thumb sucking   might have on their baby's teeth. Experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. Most children stop sucking their thumbs by the age of four. If _ continues, parents should talk to their children's dentist or doctor. Dentists say children should have their first dental visit by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear usually at around six months. \n Answer: They can cause other illnesses.",
            "output": [
                "Why should people pay attention to teeth problems?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7faaf614864445659a0f3aa5e76d091e",
            "input": "Article: EVERY so often, a sensational   story hits the media about the kind of role models influencing UK teenagers. Youth culture celebrates too many bad examples, the reports say, and the finger of blame is often pointed at celebrities   who drink or take drugs, or who are seen as sexually casual. Yet according to parents and educationalists the media itself is partly to blame. They argue that television, newspapers and magazines are obsessed   with celebrity lives and over-promote a \"celebrity culture\" in which reality show stars are respected purely because they are on television. Meanwhile child psychologists warn of the negative effects of unsuitable role models, claiming that young people are being brainwashed into wanting to become famous overnight. They are taught to value physical appearance over personal achievement and set themselves impossible goals. According to a 2010 Home Office study, too many girls think that they have to look \"sexy\" and \"hot\" like their idols , and when they can't achieve this, they lose self-esteem   or suffer from depression and eating disorders. But perhaps young people today are not as easily influenced as we think. The Girls' Attitudes Survey by Girlguiding UK (2011), for example, showed that young girls aged 11 to 21 questioned the media's description of women. Over half of the respondents disagreed with the statement that \"girls and young women are portrayed fairly in the media\". A Scout Association survey, of over a thousand 13- to 18-year-olds, showed that teenagers see their parents and siblings   as far more positive role models than celebrities, and while many youngsters list celebrities like Kate Moss and Katie Price as role models, others list high achievers like David Beckham, Paralympian swimmer Eleanor Simmons, and grandparents who fought in the Second World War. \n Answer: To discuss how much the media affects the role models UK's young people choose.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of this article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a56118b70f944b58a85a95510dfe8c1b",
            "input": "Article: Our plan was to drive into Cambridge, catch the 7:34 train to Liverpool Street Station, then to separate and meet again for lunch. We should have arrived at Liverpool at 9:19, but due to a typical London fog, the train had to move along so slowly that it was not until 10:30 that it got there. In spite of our late arrival, Joan, my wife's sister, decided that she would go to see the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London while we went shopping. It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that my wife realized that we hadn't decided where we should meet for lunch. Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket, this was indeed a problem. There seemed to be nothing we could do except taking a taxi to the Tower of London, and try to find her there. Needless to say, we didn't find her. It was now one o'clock, and the concert began at 2:30. \"Perhaps she will think of waiting outside the concert hall,\" suggested my wife hopefully. By this time the fog was so thick that road traffic had to stop, and the only way to get there was by underground railway. Hand in hand we felt our way along the road to where we thought the nearest station should be. An hour later we were still trying to find it. Just as I was about to lose my temper completely when we met a blind man tapping his way confidently through the fog. With his help we found Tower Hill tube station just fifty yards down the road. By now it was far too late even to try to get to the concert hall before the performance began at 2:30, so we decided to return to Cambridge. It took seven long hours instead of the usual two to make that journey. Nor were we able to get any food and drink on the train. Tired and hungry we finally reached home at ten, opening the door to the sound of the telephone bell. It was Joan; she had seen the Crown Jewels, had managed to get another ticket for concert, and had had a wonderful dinner at a restaurant near the hotel where she decided to stay for the night. Now she was ringing to discover whether we had had an equally successful day. \n Answer: The writer didn't want to go to the concert.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Joan separated from her sister and her brother-in-law?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c40c59ed38b845c5a4f3fbe27c067c6f",
            "input": "Article: Books, software, and videos, no matter what you are looking for, if you turn on a computer and log   on the Internet, you are sure to find something.     E-books are all over the Internet; some are free, and some are not. E-books are basically electronic books you can read without having to carry heavy books and flip through   all the pages. Now authors not only sell regular books in bookstores but also sell e-books on the Internet. Some e-books are sold on CDs, too.     You can get all types of software right from the Internet. After you download it, you have it. It is so convenient that you can get it even without leaving the house. These are the advantages we have in today's high-tech world.    We can find videos of different people. There are so many websites with videos that it would take you some time to actually go through them all. The cool thing about videos is that some people have their own websites or their own spaces where they can upload videos of their families or of different events and allow other people to view them. It is amazing.     The Internet is an exciting place and it plays a big part in our lives today. You can even pay your bills on the Internet if that's what you want to do. The marketing industry is also doing a lot better because of the Internet. Companies can communicate very quickly with each other over the Internet. \n Answer: They can include a lot of personal information.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about the videos online according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1c348a8efb184bd289f1450f268da2c2",
            "input": "Article: More than four decades ago British scientist Robert Edwards first witnessed the miracle of human life growing inside a test tube at his Cambridge lab. Since that ground-breaking moment, more than four million babies have been born through IVF and in 2010 his great contribution to science was finally recognized as he was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine. The prize for Dr Edwards, who was given a Daily Mirror Pride of Britain Award in 2008, includes a PS900,000 cheque. The Nobel Assembly described IVF as a \"milestone in modern medicine\". With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe, the Manchester-born physiologist developed IVF -- leading to the birth of the world's first test tube baby. Dr Steptoe died 10 years later but their work has transformed fertility treatment and given hope to millions of couples. It was a scientific breakthrough that transformed the lives of millions of couples. They said: \"His achievements have made it possible to treat infertility, a disease which makes human unable to have a baby. This condition has been afflicting a large percentage of mankind including more than 10% of all couples worldwide.\" Louise Brown, the world's first test tube baby, made international headlines when she was born in Oldham, Gtr Manchester, in 1978 to parents Lesley and John who had been fruitlessly trying for a baby since 1969. Ivf-in-vitro fertilisation is the process whereby egg cells are fertilised outside the body before being implanted in the womb. After a cycle of IVF, the probability of a couple with infertility problems having a baby is one in five -- the same as healthy couples who conceive naturally. Professor Edwards, who has five daughters and 11 grandchildren, began his research at Cambridge University in 1963, after receiving his PhD in 1955.He once said: \"The most important thing in life is having a child. Nothing is more special than a child.\" With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe, Prof. Edwards founded the Bourn Hall clinic in Cambridge shire, which now treats more than 900 women a year. Each year, more than 30,000 women in Britain now undergo IVF and 11,000 babies are born as a result of the treatment. But his work attracted widespread criticism from some scientists and the Catholic Church who said it was \"unethical and immoral\". Martin Johnson, professor of reproductive  sciences at the University of Cambridge, said the award was \"long overdue\". He said: \"We couldn't understand why the Nobel has come so late but he is delighted -- this is the cherry on the cake for him.\" Professor Edwards was too ill to give interviews but a statement released by his family said he was \"thrilled and delighted\". \n Answer: Helping couples with infertility to have tube babies.",
            "output": [
                "What is Robert Edwards' contribution to science?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e949d876503465b86aacf53d5e8611c",
            "input": "Article: Once you've tasted the joy and freedom of an all-access backstage pass, sitting in the balcony  far from the stage has little attraction. In March of 2008, I had the opportunity to tour with a band. The experience was eye-opening. I hadn't realized how many misconceptions I had about the lifestyle of a world-class musician. Such a life is not as great as it appears. In fact, some aspects are extremely _ . Hours and hours are spent waiting. The musicians wait for their transportation; they wait for the sound check; they wait to perform. After the show, they wait for the crowds of fans to go away. When the musicians are not waiting, they are traveling. Sometimes the travel itself can seem attractive and exciting, with the limousines  and the first-class seats on the plane. However, even these luxuries cannot make up for long, boring hours on the road or in the air. Basic needs are all but ignored. Late-night shows and early wake-up calls make them know the preciousness of sleep. The demanding travel itineraries  and show schedules make regular meals impossible. In spite of the sacrifices, life on tour has its advantage, at least for the talent. A support team generally travels with the band, with at least one person dedicated to meeting the musicians' needs at all times. The musicians are expected to perform at the shows, but they are not expected to manage any detail of their lives. When I was with the band, I poured glasses of grapefruit juice, made sandwiches, prepared dressing rooms, and performed all kinds of routine work, such as buying toothpaste and getting money from the ATM. In addition, efforts are made by promoters to keep the musicians happy. Most places offer private dressing rooms for the musicians. There is also usually a green room, a room that is large with comfortable furnishings where the band can visit with friends and family while waiting to go on stage. Before the band goes on, their families and friends file out into the auditorium and find their seats. The house lights go dark and curtain rises. When the lights flash on and the band starts playing, the scene is magical. A behind-the-scenes view makes the experience even more spectacular. \n Answer: Behind the Scene.",
            "output": [
                "Which might be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c40350abd5d048ccb31dee26a0992a2d",
            "input": "Article: Long March exhibit The Shanghai History Museum is putting on an exhibition to mark the 60th anniversary of the Long March. On show are more than 220 photos and 40 items that explain with pictures how the communist Red Army drew back from its besieged  bases in Jiangxi Province and fought its way to northern Shaanxi Province in the mid-1930s. Explanations are all in Chinese. The show will end on November 20. Time: 10:00 am-4:00 pm Address: 1286 Hongqiao Road Admission: 8 yuan for Chinese /15 yuan for foreigners Thai elephants Eight elephants from Thailand are entertaining visitors at Changfeng Park by riding bikes, playing basketball, balancing on a beam, dancing and blowing a mouthorgan. People are encouraged to have a tug-of-war with the animals or lie on the ground and have the elephants walk over them. The elephants give three shows a day at 9:30 am, 3:30 pm and 8:00 pm and there is an additional show at l:30 pm at weekends. The show will end on November 15. Address: 189 Daduhe Road Admission: 30-40 yuan Dancing dolphins Dolphins jumping from the water to touch a ball, swaying their bodies to music, kissing people and doing math by tapping their tails have made the dolphinarium  in Peace Park an attraction for children. Seals and sea lions also perform. Hours: 10:30 am, 4:00 pm, and 7:30 pm Admission: 20 yuan for adults and 10 yuan for children. \n Answer: 23 yuan.",
            "output": [
                "If you go to visit the Long March exhibit with an Australian, how much will you pay altogether for the admission ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bcb02ebcf664430ab65d5d43873e8f3c",
            "input": "Article: Artificial  flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purposes. They are made from a variety of materials, such as wax and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from natural flowers. In making such models, painstaking and artistry are called for, as well as thorough knowledge of plant structure. The collection of glass flowers in the Botanical Museum of Harvard University is the most famous in North America and is widely known throughout the scientific world. In all, there are several thousand models in colored glass, the work of two artist-naturalists, Leopold Blaschka and his son Rudolph. The intention was to have the collection represent at least one member of each flower family native to the United States. Although it was never completed. It contains more than seven hundred species representing 164 families of flowering plants, a group of fruits showing the effect of fungus diseases, and thousands of flower parts and magnified details. Every detail of these is accurately reproduced in color and structure. The models are kept in locked cases as they are too valuable and fragile for classroom use. \n Answer: An Extensive Collection of Glass Flowers",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-52ce817455cf47339fdd20e96d67cd11",
            "input": "Article: Swan Lake Ballet                              When: Aug. 27, 2010    19:15                  Where: Shanghai Grand Theatre Ticket: 80/180/280/380 RMB pre-sale (before Aug. 28) Description: Swan Lakeis ballet at its best. There are only two Swan Lake performances this month so get your tickets fast!Swan Laketells the tale of princess who's turned into a swan, and a prince who falls in love with her and struggles to save her from the spell in order to be with her.   In the Mood for Love Ballet  When: Aug. 31, 2010   19:15 Where: Shanghai Grand Theatre Ticket:80/180/280/380 RMB Description: A truly Chinese ballet, In the Mood for Loveis set in 1930's Shanghai and tells a story of two neighbors who fall in love . There will be some drama between these two characters which will be expressed and transferred to the audience through dance. The costumes are impressive and beautifully represent women's fashion back in the day.   2010 Jazz Festival Shanghai  When: Aug. 29, 2010    12:00--23:00 Where: Pudong Century Park  Tickets: 150RMB 1 day ticket / 200 RMB 2 day ticket  Description: Shanghai turns into a city of jazz this October. Music fans will be able to enjoy a selection of jazz, blues, funk and reggae on the grass of Century Park and the festival includes 129 bands from 32 different countries and performances by three popular rock stars.   Full Moon Beach Party  When: Aug. 28, 2010   21:30 Where: Sanjiagang Beach Resort  Ticket: 180RMB /150 RMB pre-sale (before Aug. 22) Description: Full Moon Beach Party is coming straight to the shores of Shanghai. \n Answer: Full Moon Beach Party and Swan  Lake Ballet",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can you buy tickets in advance according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c364fea9efe4880a7d349f0b5b06de7",
            "input": "Article: China has been drinking tea since the time of Shennong, 5,000 years ago. Britain's relationship with tea is much shorter, but tea enjoys the pride as the UK's national drink. According to the UK Tea Council, British people drink an average of three cups a day or a national total of 165 million cups every day. With figures like these, it is no surprise that time spent taking tea affects the working day in Britain. A recent survey found that 24 minutes a day are lost to making, buying and drinking tea and coffee. That is, PS400 a year is lost in working hours per employee, or 190 days over a lifetime. So, should employers be worried about this lost working time, or does the tea break make up in other ways? One argument is that caffeine improves mental state: a drink of tea or coffee can make you active and focus on work. Professor Rogers of the University of Bristol disagrees. After years of studying caffeine he sees nothing can prove that. \"Workers would perform equally well if not drinking it at all,\" he says. \"But if they're often drinking it and then go without, they'll feel tired and won't work well.\" Psychologist Cooper instead emphasizes the role tea breaks play in office life, and in building social relationships. \"We need to make people more active and see other people. The tea break is one way of doing this,\" says Cooper. And Professor Rogers also points out the comfort effect of a hot drink: \"We warm our hands on them on a cold day; they're comforting and play a big role in our everyday life. Whatever the caffeine's doing, I'd say these 24 minutes aren't wasted.\" \n Answer: A lot of time has been wasted drinking tea in the working day.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-497cbe82b07345a28509267261d8ca84",
            "input": "Article: A new study from Harvard University revealed that the message parents mean to send to children about the value of sympathy  is being mistaken by the message they actually send. In fact they value achievement and happiness above all else. The Making Caring Common Project at Harvard's Graduate School of Education surveyed 10,000 middle and high school students about which is more important to them--achievement, happiness, or caring about others. Almost 80 percent of students placed achievement or happiness over caring about others. Only 20 percent of students considered caring about others as their top aim. In the study \"The Children We Mean to Raise: The Real Message Adults Are Sending about Values\", the authors refer to a reality gap, an incongruity   between what adults tell children they should value and the message we grown-ups actually send through our behavior. Simply talking about sympathy is not enough. While 96 percent of parents say they want to raise caring children, and cite the development of moral character as \"very important, if not essential\", 80 percent of the youths surveyed reported that their parents \"are more concerned about achievement and happiness than caring about others\". Approximately the same percentage of the students reported that their teachers put their achievement over caring. As the report shows, simply talking about sympathy is not enough. Children are sensitive creatures, fully capable of telling the true meanings in the blank spaces between well-organised words. If parents really want to let their kids know that they value care and sympathy, the authors suggest, they must make a real effort to help their children learn to care about other people--even when it's hard, even when it does not make them happy, and yes, even when it is at odds with their personal success. \n Answer: Kids care more about achievement.",
            "output": [
                "What can be concluded from the study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c64f83a6cfa74e46bfcaffcb1e07c7d0",
            "input": "Article: There have always been laws against copying other people's ideas. However, when copying was only limited to copying something by hand, problems were solved easily. The solution was always the destruction or removal of the copy. Nowadays, the rise of the Internet has made the issue of intellectual property   more complicated. Almost every bit of information can be cut and pasted  with a few clicks of a mouse. Many art forms such as writings, films, and music need new protection to ensure that people do not simply transfer them for free. Online illegal copying has been blamed for a huge reduction in the sales of many records because it is hard to convince people to buy something that they can get for free. Even the ideas behind traditional games, such as Scrabble, have been used without the owners' permission. Old laws have been struggling to keep up. While music companies have been successful in persuading courts that action should be taken against people who illegally download music, the law is difficult to carry out. Furthermore, intellectual property rights vary widely from country to country, so it's up for debate which laws apply. Finally, there is the fact that many people simply do not see the act as theft , since once the work has been digitized there is no clear physical object to steal in the first place. All of these issues mean that companies involved with intellectual property -- ideas or easily digitized information -- are fighting desperately to get people to pay for the information they use, rather than paying for an object like a CD that they use. While the companies have sometimes been successful, the practical barriers to full protection seem _ . Finally, all that concerned parties can do is hope that their few successes scare off others and try to find new ways of making money. \n Answer: They are easily able to be transferred when in digital form.",
            "output": [
                "Why do writings, films, and music need protection?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0542d5f04e944eeaaf457d9d05a3442a",
            "input": "Article: A man was selling medicine at a fair .At first he sold bottles of a cure for colds for just a dollar a bottle. Many people wanted to buy it and the man's young assistant moved quickly through the crowd collecting money and handing out bottles of the cure. Then,when he had a big crowd, the man held up a very small bottle. \"And now,ladies and gentlemen,he shouted,\"Here is the medicine you have been waiting for.The cure for old age.Drink just one bottle of this and you will live forever. \"And,ladies and gentlemen,the man continued,\"I'm not going to charge(............)you a hundred dollars a bottle for this wonderful medicine.I'm not going to charge you fifty dollars a bottle.I'm not going to charge you twenty-five dollars a bottle.Now,ladies and gentlemen,I'm going to charge you just ten dollars a bottle. Think,my friends,for ten dollars you can live forever. Most of the people in the crowd did not believe this. One person shouted,\"If it can make you live forever,why don't you drink it?Then another person cried,\"Yes, you look as if you're at least sixty years old. \"Thank you,sir,thank you,the man answered,\"I'm so glad you said that. My real age is three hundred and twenty-nine. The crowd laughed at this but there were still some people who wanted to believe the man .One of them spoke to the man's assistant as she passed by,\"Is that true?he asked.\"Is he three hundred and twenty-nine? \"Don't ask me,the assistant said,\"I've only worked for him for a hundred and fifty years. \n Answer: a cure for colds",
            "output": [
                "What did the man sell at first at the fair?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95e9856878c4468d98d4114ae219e478",
            "input": "Article: Recently there was a major discovery in the scientific research--the mapping of all DNA in a human gene is complete. Couple of years ago, this seems an impossible task for scientist to accomplish. All this progress in science leads us to believe that the day, when the human being will be cloned, is not far away. Human cloning has always been a topic of argument,in terms of morality or religion. Taking a look at why cloning might be beneficial, among many cases, it is arguable that parents who are known to be at risk of passing a genetic limitation to a child could make use of cloning. If the clone was free of genetic limitations. Then the other clone would be as well. The latter could foe inserted in the woman and allowed to ripen to term. Moreover,cloning would enable women, who can't get pregnant, to have children of their own. Cloning humans would also mean that organs could be cloned, so it would be a source of perfect transfer organs. This, surely would be greatly beneficial to millions of unfortunate people around the world that are expected to lose their lives due to failure of single(or more) organ(s).It is also arguable that a ban on cloning may be unlawful and would rob people of the right to reproduce and limit the freedom of scientists. Arguments against cloning are also on a perfectly practical side. Primarily, I believe that cloning would step in the normal \"cycle\"of life. There would be a large number of same genes., which reduce the chances of improvement,and, in turn, development-the fundamental reason how living things naturally adapt to the ever-changing environment. Life processes failing to do so might result in untimely disappearance. Furthermore, cloning would make the uniqueness that each one of us possesses disappea. Thus, leading to creation of genetically engineered groups of people for specific purposes and, chances are, that those individuals would be regarded as \"objects\" rather than people in the society. Scientists haven't 100 percent. guaranteed that the first cloned will be normal. Thus this could result in introduction of additional limitations in the human \"gene-pool\". Regarding such arguable topics in \"black or white\" approach seems very innocent to me personally. We should rather try to look at all \"shades: of it. I believe that cloning is only legal if its purpose is for cloning organs, not humans. Then we could regard this as for \"saving life\" instead of \"creating life\". I believe cloning humans is morally and socially unacceptable. \n Answer: First cloned humans might be normal according to scientists",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-32414f71ae1b4de28d6d6821dd1b9f6b",
            "input": "Article: In the USA Forbes magazine has published its annual list of the richest people in the world. Bill Gates of Microsoft is the richest man again for the eleventh successive year with a fortune of forty four billion dollars.   There are a record 691 dollar billionaires according to Forbes magazine. Between them they have a fortune of two point two trillion dollars. The highest concentration of the ultra-rich is in New York followed by Moscow and San Fransisco and then London and Los Angeles. But in total the very wealthy live in forty seven different countries with Iceland Kazakstan Ukraine and Poland entering the list for the first time this year.   Laksmi Mittal, an Indian born steel tycoon  enjoyed the biggest increase in personal fortune. His net worth has quadrupled  to thirteen billion dollars making him the world's third richest man. Ingvar Kamprad founder of the Swedish furniture chain Ikea also saw a big increase in wealth taking him to the sixth place. Developing countries make more of a showing than in past years -- there are for example three Russians and four Indians in the top sixty richest people, though surprisingly perhaps none from China excluding Hong Kong. Asian wealth is probably under represented as its usually spread among families whereas Forbes looks at individuals. Relatively few women feature in the list -- among them is JK Rowling, author of the Harry Potter novels ranked 620th with a fortune of 519 million dollars. New entrants to the list include the founders of the Internet search group Google Sergie Brin and Larry Page each worth more than seven billion dollars after their company's recent stock market debut. The richest Italian is the prime minister Silvio Berlusconi ranked number 25 in the global wealth league. \n Answer: Laksmi Mittal.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following persons has the largest fortune according to this year's  Forbes magazine?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a76d3a56b1904788a1aff6025dfaa783",
            "input": "Article: \"Do you like doing things for people?\" I asked a friend. \"Yes, most of the time,\" she replied. \"Most of the time?\" \"Well, I love to do things that are unexpected. I like to do little things most people wouldn't think about doing,\" she said. \"But why did you say most of the time?\" \"Well, sometimes after doing those little things people take advantage of you. I mean, they expect you to do it again. They ask you to do it. That's when I don't like it.\" It was odd that I had this conversation. This just happened to me. I love to do little things. I will pay for a meal card for the people in the office every time we have a meeting there. Not a big thing. It's a little thing. $5.30 will pay for almost five lunches. Hey, big spender! I also bought a bag of animal crackers for a friend at work. She was having a tough day and not very happy at all. I drove down to the Wal-Mart and picked up a huge bag for under $2.00. Her smile was worth it. But one week she said, \"Bob, we ran out of crackers. We love them so much.\" I didn't want to do it. I smiled and she persisted. I finally admitted, \"It's different when I do it because I want to, but now you are trying to make me go to get them. It's not the same.\" But I bought it for her. Unfortunately, a big fire in my family took away all the possessions we had. I didn't know what to do and how to do it. What happened to me then surprised me most. I once had my bike repaired, but the repairman said \"no charge\" on hearing my sufferings. A stranger called James Kennedy read some pieces I'd written about our sufferings for Slate, the online magazine, and wanted to give us a new house across the lake from New Orleans. I refused but I felt moved. Another poet at the University of Florida also wanted to let his house to me free of charge while he was on holiday. My mates gave us more money for us to rebuild my home. When you do something kind for others, do you always get rewarded? Yes, but not in the way you might expect. \n Answer: He learned about the author's sufferings online.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about James Kennedy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aab0e58f5b7340329cca5559f5257989",
            "input": "Article: \"The first and best of victories for a man is to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful,\" says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses   and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral freedom. A single angry word has lost many friends. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. _ \"Keep cool,\" says Webster, \"anger is not argument.\" \"Be calm in arguing,\" says George Herbert, \"for fierceness makes error a fault.\" To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. \"Anger,\" says Pythagoras, \"begins with foolishness and ends with regret.\" You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him. Self-control is man's last and greatest victory. If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking too. \n Answer: Self- control is important for a man",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9eb6b1579c184b038a581a4c9a6cfeda",
            "input": "Article: The history of the computer keyboard started way back in 1714, when the first typewriters were manufactured. Then, they looked more like sewing machines, since they were designed by Remington, which also used to manufacture sewing machines. They were not used for commercial purposes but to produce legal documents that were neat. 1868 was the year when Christoper Latham Scholes created the typewriter that is common today and was later mass marketed in 1877. Before the typewriter advanced to become the modern-day keyboard, there were a few developments that led to it. First there was the combination of the typewriter with the telegraph to create a teletype. Key punches were also created by the combination of the typewriter with punch card systems. The teletype was used to input data in the very first computers, and this is where the development of the computer keyboard started. How the teletype worked with the computer is that a card was inserted into the teletype. The keys would then be pressed in the teletype and a series of holes would be punched in the card. These were known as key punches, which would then be put into a card reader which analyzed the cards as data. This was in 1946, and in 1948 an electromagnetically   controlled teletype was brought into operation for the binary automatic computer  . There later came the video display terminal    and electronic keyboards. When people typed, they would immediately see the results on the screen. This was in the 1970s, and people accepted the technology because it was user-friendly. There was no long process involved in getting something typed. The very first designs of these keyboards were big and heavy, and most did not come with the computer. This was later modified to a smaller size and different colours and designs, and that is the keyboard we use today. \n Answer: To produce legal documents.",
            "output": [
                "For what purpose were the first typewriters manufactured?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e54b9e72bd894af38d3b9249db750fe7",
            "input": "Article: At first glance, there is little in Horton to attract people. The other nearby towns have much more to offer: Bradfield has its river and historic buildings, while Newtown has shops and entertainment. The buildings of Horton look dirty and unloved. For shops, there is a small supermarket, a few bargain shops, a bakery which, strangely, does not sell bread and a florist which has one stand of sad-looking flowers. Even so, Horton has several advantages over its neighbouring towns. Firstly, it has a country park. Four thousand years ago, this was an important fort. There are no historic remains here now, but there are wonderful views over the countryside. On sunny weekends you can often see kids out with their parents, kicking balls or flying kites. There aren't many job opportunities in Horton, and the roads to nearby cities aren't really fast, but there are excellent rail links. You can be in London in an hour and a half, and other cities are less than an hour away. That means that parents can earn a good salary and still get home in time to spend the evenings with their families. Houses in Horton aren't pretty, but they're functional and cheap. The streets are quiet and safe, and there are plenty of parks and playgrounds. It has a library, three primary schools and a secondary school, St. Mark's. It is friendly and offers a wide range of subjects and activities to children of all abilities and backgrounds. The town also has a swimming and a sports centre, and the community halls hold regular clubs and events for people of all ages. \n Answer: To explain why Horton is a good place to live in.",
            "output": [
                "What is the writer's main purpose?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-935d4ebee42a4c47b04cade1eec57fc4",
            "input": "Article: If you are planning on traveling, there are few simple rules about how to make life easier both before and after your journey. First of all, always check and double-check departure   time. It is surprising how few people really do this carefully. Once I arrived at he airport a few minutes after ten. My secretary had got the ticket for me and I thought she had said that the plane left at 10:50. When I arrived at the airport, the person at the departure desk told me that my flight was closed. Therefore, I had to wait three hours for the next one and missed an important meeting. The second rule is to remember that even in this age of credit cards  , it is still important to have some local money in cash  . Once I arrived at a place at midnight and the bank at the airport was closed. The only way to get to my hotel was by taxi but because I had no dollars, I offered to pay in pounds instead. \"Listen! I only take real money!\" the driver said angrily. You can imagine how terrible I felt at that moment. The third and the last rule is to find out as much as you can about the weather at your destination  before you leave. I feel sorry for some of my workmates who travel in heavy suits and raincoats in May, when it is still fairly cool in London or Manchester, to places like Athens, Rome of Madrid, where it is already beginning to get quite warm during the day. \n Answer: Britain",
            "output": [
                "Where is the writer most probably from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-664fa21e9810457d827f6230d808ab5c",
            "input": "Article: The Nobel Prize Winners in Literature Rabindranath Tagore( 1913) Prize motivation: \"because of his deep sensitive, fresh and beautiful poetry, with perfect skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West\" William Faulkner (1949) Prize motivation: \"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel\" Ernest Miller Hemingway(1954) Prize motivation: \"for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea\" John Steinbeck (1962) Prize motivation: \"for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\" Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill(1953) Prize motivation: \"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant speech skills in defending noble human values\" Claude Simon (1985) Prize motivation: \"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the description of the human condition\" Mo Yan (2012) Prize motivation: \"he, with dreamlike realism, combines folk tales, history and the contemporary\". Bob Dylan (2016) Prize motivation: \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\" \n Answer: Claude Simon.",
            "output": [
                "Which writer won Nobel Prize for his poetry?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c49c51b6507448cfb73b6bdd14db5a76",
            "input": "Article: One of the best-known women in the world is a small doll . This famous doll, called Barbie, was created by Ruth Handler in 1959. Now Barbie is known everywhere. Before Barbie, all dolls were made to look like babies. People thought that this was a way to teach young girls how to become a good mother. Barbie was the first doll made to look like an adult instead of baby. From the beginning, Barbie was a modern career  girl. There was a different Barbie for each job: nurse, teacher, police officer, race car driver, professional basketball player, pilot, as well as the very first female to fly in space. Barbie made it possible for young girls to dream about a future other than being a mother and a housewife. It showed girls that they had choices and could become anything they wanted to be. At the time, these ideas were very new and positive. The movement for equal opportunity  for women had just begun and women wanted to have the same chance as men to do important work. However, Barbie's approval  as a role model has not lasted. Today, many people criticize  Barbie for making young girls too concerned about their appearance . These people complain that the beautiful, well-dressed Barbie seems to tell girls that while they can hope to have different career, it is more important for them to be beautiful and thin. The female figure that Barbie represents has also been criticized for being unrealistic . Young girls might think that Barbie's figure is beautiful and desirable . However, if Barbie were a real person, she would be six feet tall and wear a size three shoe! \n Answer: The image  of Barbie dolls",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f7ff7b21e5a24d0db330bf59cda73936",
            "input": "Article: Ahead of so-called Singles' Day on the 11th of this month,2013, online sales have already begun peaking. The leading e-business platform, tmall.com, has promoted its fifty-percent-off discount to attract consumers. They are also trying to attract buyers through social media. Vice President of tmall.com Wang Yulei says more than 20 thousand online stores have joined the Double 11 Day sales. But this number has doubled. The final number of how many products going to be on sale has not been known yet. But so far, many more products planned to be put on shelves with discounts. During last year's Singles' Day, tmall.com, together with taobao.com, reached a record of 19.1 billion yuan in sales, which considered a milestone in the e-business history of China. Singles' Day was first started by Chinese college students in the 1990s as the opposite of Valentine's Day, a celebration for people without romantic partners. The timing was based on the date: Nov. 11--or double 11--for singles. Single young people would treat each other to dinner or give gifts to show love to someone and end their single status. But now, the Singles' Day has been promoted as a kind of grand craze just for the shopping season, thanks to thousands of discounted products being promoted online. Taobao.com was the first big e-retail platform which used the double 11 idea to promote sales. Taobao.com reached one million yuan worth of sales on that day in 2009, when they first promoted the Singles' Day idea. In 2010, the sales increased to 936 million yuan. The figure climbed up to 5.3 billion yuan in 2011, putting huge demand on shipping services. The figure doubled in 2012. E-commerce is considered to be replacing the traditional retailing industry, but the reality is both sides are learning from each other. \n Answer: 125",
            "output": [
                "How much is a dress that is usually sold at 250 yuan during Singles' Day at tmall.com?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4307768a61c844a69f06f89446b65c9c",
            "input": "Article: The World Health Organization (WHO) said that processed meat may be carcipogenic . Do you still dare eat cancer-linked processed meat ? Here are some comments on the website. Bill (Australia) I'd rather live a short, pleasant life than a long, unhappy one, denying  myself tasty food just because some experts say it's not healthy. We should all enjoy the one life we have ---if I had listened to every piece of health advice I would never go anywhere, eat anything or enjoy life in any way. So, I won't change my habit. I am going to have bacon sandwich, glass of wine, burger, can of coke whenever I fell like it. Tim (America) Is meat really as bad as smoking: I don't think so. According to the WHO 34,000 people die worldwide per year because they eat processed meat. In 2012, 8.2 million people died of cancer worldwide. That means if you eat a lot of processed meat you have a chance of being among the 0.41 percent of people dying of cancer because of processed meat. I'll take the chance. Helen (Switzerland) The WHO doesn't say that just one bite of meat causes cancer, it is rather saying that people should vary their diet. People who eat more meat often have other unhealthy habits. They usually eat fewer fruits and vegetables and they also often exercise less. Van (China) Perhaps this report will make people consider becoming vegetarians ( ). So for your health, the environment and future generations, it is not difficult; it just needs a change of attitude. There is a vast variety of other delicious food available to enjoy. \n Answer: He'll feel unhappy.",
            "output": [
                "What if Bill has to change his habit ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-932e2c9f4fca476c8d2c3ee6dd9294a6",
            "input": "Article: Columbus College , 241 Queen Elizabeth Drive ,Kowloon City Memo To:     All Staff From:  Jakie Mok, Secretary; Sports Development Committee Date:   May 20, 2010 A week ago, \"Sports for Life\" programme was sent to the parents, requiring them to select a sport they wanted their child to play. Since then, our staff have received lots of calls from parents asking for more information about it. Here is a memo   for your reference when you answer the phones. Sports 1: Basketball. We expect that this will be the most popular of the four sports. Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible. Students will take a private bus to and from Kwun Tong Sports Park .To cover the cost of hiring a bus , each student will have to pay $10 each time. There will be four basketball courts available for our use with one teacher watching over each game. Sports 2: Gym We will be using St. Peter's Memorial Park. There are two reasons for choosing this park. First, it is not very busy and crowded before 6:00 pm. Second, it has lot of trees with plenty of shade. Students must bring along two bottles of water to prevent thirst. Three activities, skipping , jogging , outdoor aerobics  ,all of which are free of charge, will be arranged. And there will be a teacher on duty for each of the activities. Sports 3: Hiking Hiking will take place at Kowloon Peak. The activity will start at 2:30 pm and finish 90 minutes later. Three teachers will accompany the students, and a hiking instructor will accompany each group of 15 hikers . Each instructor will cost $75/hr. Students are advised to bring plenty of water and sunscreen. Sports 4: Swimming The Kowloon City Aquatic Centre is a 10-minute walk from our school. Four teachers will go to the pool and conduct the goings-on from the poolside. We will only be able to reserve the pool for one hour (i.e. 2:45pm to 3:45pm).Only students skilful at swimming can take up this activity. The pool will have two lifeguards present. Girls must wear a swimming suit. The cost is $10 per visit. \n Answer: Students selecting basketball had better register early.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-786d53ed852e4e22995bf2b9f3c78bfa",
            "input": "Article: Teen models are not difficult to find. An online agency features both models young as well as older. Those who are looking for child models to show off their products and make them look better can find what they are looking for by hiring children models from these online modeling agencies. This is less expensive than trying to go through large modeling agencies that often cost thousands of dollars for the client . Many of those who are selling children's products and have websites for parents and children are looking for teen models. As a result, there is more of a need for young models to participate in the field of modeling. The best way for clients to hire models that will not end up costing them a fortune is to use an online modeling site. An online modeling site will have portfolios  of models young as well as old. Someone who is looking for teen models can find a variety of different children when they take a look at these sites. Online teen models usually work for less money than offline models, although they are still paid well enough to make it worth their while to model. Clients who are looking for young models can go on an online modeling agency to look for portfolios of the teens that they will want to use in their advertising campaigns. Parents or guardians must agree to the modeling offers and the agency will act as a go-between for both the teen models as well as the clients who are looking for young models. Clients can look through portfolios for the young models and get the ones that are right for what they are looking for to advertise for them. It is now affordable for anyone to hire teen models when using an online modeling agency site. Parents of young models can also use these sites to get their teens a chance to get a head start in the world of modeling. \n Answer: They can offer teen models that cost clients less money.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main advantage of online modeling agencies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a646126e76f42dda51e85ff35016ca4",
            "input": "Article: The Internet is not perfect. There are many problems with it. The Internet is not organized. There is no one in charge of the Internet. It is sometimes difficult to find what you are looking for. It is also easy to get the wrong information on the \"Net\". Some businessmen cheat people on the Internet. Internet thieves can steal credit card numbers. Some advertisers send spam to e-mail boxes. E-mail boxes are often filled with these unwanted advertisements. Illegal businesses can operate on the Internet. These businesses sell X-rated materials, cigarettes and alcohol to teenagers. The Internet has websites with information about making bombs, breaking the law and terrorism. Criminals can fool people, especially children, in chat rooms. They can spread poisonous information and attack new members. The Internet is the greatest advance in communication since human emerged. But it can also like a dark alley in a dangerous part of town. Parents need to set parental controls on their children when they use the Internet. This will keep some of the bad material away from their children. The Internet can be dangerous to computers, too. Some people who have evil intentions enjoy causing problems for other people they don't even know. They create computer viruses. A computer can get virus by downloading a program that has a virus in it. Some virus come by e-mail. A virus can destroy the data a person has saved in computer files. A virus can cause a computer to crash. A virus can also reproduce itself! It can send copies of itself to everyone on a person's e-mail address list. Then these people's will have the same problems and can't work normally! \n Answer: Because there is no one in charge of the Internet.",
            "output": [
                "Why can illegal businesses operate on the Internet?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6d052afe06c2408fb4f4d066c8616882",
            "input": "Article: The story began with a young mother who had three sons. Unfortunately, the youngest son developed slow thinking skills, not having the intelligence of his brothers. With double duty as the mother of the household, she was exhausted, so that the youngest was often the target of anger and annoyance. Bad words, such as \"you little fool\" and the like, served as a daily meal for the youngest. The words and curses he got from the mother and ridicule from friends convinced him that he was distressing and embarrassing his family. Every morning he woke up with his own face staring from the mirror reflection, he started to say quietly and sadly, \"The fool is going to school.\" As adult citizens, there was compulsory military service which should be lived. Thus, the youngest son also signed up and started to follow the various tests: a medical, physical ability test and other tests. On the day of the announcement, he was called into the board of examiners. In his mind, he convinced himself that he was the fool and couldn't pass the tests this time as he entered the room with his head down. It was not expected at all. The tests turned out to have the highest praise from the board of examiners. \"Congratulations, young man! Your test results are incredible! You are really a great and talented young man. \"Words from the board of examiners became the discovery of a new side of himself that was not known in advance. Voice kept echoing in his mind, such as \"I, the great man, am in the shower\", \"The great man washes his face\", \"The talented young man again brushes his teeth\" and so on. Confidence and improved self-image came beyond usual. 20 years later, the youngest established himself as a successful businessman who was admired and respected, and received many awards. The mindset and belief are the power behind the success that is within us. Whatever we think and believe in or minds continuously, it will eventually materialize in reality. That's the universally applicable law. \n Answer: He was not as clever as his brothers.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the youngest often scolded by his mother?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f3dcb2efaeb64f8f9a86ede033ddbfc6",
            "input": "Article: Theodor Seuss Geisel was born in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1904. He was famous because of the books he wrote for children. They combine funny words, pictures, and social opinions. Dr Seuss wrote his first book for children in 1937. It is called And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street. A number of publishers refused to publish it. They said it was too different. A friend finally published it. Soon other successful books followed. Over the years, he wrote more than forty children's books. They were fun to read. Yet his books sometimes dealt with serious subjects. By the middle 1940s, Dr Seuss had become one of the best-loved and most successful writers of children's books. He liked helping children. In 1954, Life magazine published a report about school children who could not read. The report said that many children's books weren't interesting. Dr Seuss decided to write books that were interesting and easy to read. In 1957, Dr Seuss wrote The Cat in the Hat. He used less than 225 words to write the book. This was about the number of words a six-year-old should be able to read. The story is about a cat who tries to entertain two children on a rainy day while their mother is away from home. The cat is not like normal cats. It talks. The book was an immediate success. It was an interesting story and was easy to read. Children loved it. Their parents loved it, too. Today many adults say it is still one of the stories they like best. \n Answer: Why are Dr Seuss' books different?",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a86260a89310410eb91d55c70ba04e92",
            "input": "Article: The largest earthquake ( magnitude 9.5) of the 20th century happened on May 22, 1960 off the coast of South Central Chile. It generated  one of the most destructive Pacific-wide tsunamis . Near the generating area, both the earthquake and the tsunami were very much destructive, particularly in the coastal area from Concepcion to the south end of Isla  Chiloe. The largest tsunami damage occurred at Isla Chiloe---the coastal area closest to the epicenter . Huge tsunami waves measuring as high as 25 meters arrived within 10 to 15 minutes after the earthquake, killing at least two hundred people, sinking all the boats, and flooding half a kilometer inland. There was large damage and loss of life at Concepcion, Chile's top industrial city. Near the city of Valdivia, the earthquake and following aftershocks generated landslides which killed 18 people. At the port city of Valparaiso, a city of 200,000, many buildings collapsed. A total of 130,000 houses were destroyed --- one in every three in the earthquake zone and nearly 2,000,000 people were left homeless. Total damage losses, including to agriculture and to industry, were estimated  to be over a half billion dollars . The total number of death related with both the tsunami and the earthquake was never found accurately for the region. Estimates of deaths reached between 490 to 5,7002 with no distinction  as to how many deaths were caused by the earthquake and how many were caused by the tsunami. However, it is believed that most of the deaths in Chile were caused by the tsunami. \n Answer: Isla Chiloe",
            "output": [
                "Where did the largest tsunami damage occurred?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-08b966421d2e44b39311356df86db33d",
            "input": "Article: Do American children still learn handwriting in school? In this age of the keyboard, some people seem to think handwriting lessons are on the way out. Steve Graham, a professor at Vanderbilt University, says he has been hearing about the death of handwriting in the past fifteen years. So is it still being taught? Steve Graham says, \"If the results of a survey we have published this year are accurate, it is being taught by about ninety percent of the teachers in grades one to three.\" Ninety percent of the teachers also say they are required to teach handwriting. But studies have yet to answer the question of how well they are teaching it. Professor Graham says one study found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting.\" Steve Graham says, \"And then when you look at how it's taught, you have some teachers who are teaching handwriting by providing instruction for only ten to fifteen minutes a day, and some teachers who basically teach it for sixty to seventy minutes a day, meaning the death of handwriting.\" Many adults remember learning that way-by copying letters over and over again. Today's thinking is that short periods of practice are better. Many experts say it should be used as a way to get students to express ideas. After all, that is why we write. Professor Graham says handwriting involves two skills. One is legibility, which means forming the letters so they can be easily read. The other is fluency-writing without having to think about it. The professor says fluency continues to develop up until high school. But not everyone can master these skills. Teachers commonly report that about one-fourth of their kids have poor handwriting. Some people might think handwriting is not important any more because of computers and voice recognition programs. \n Answer: Each reason mentioned above is possible.",
            "output": [
                "Why do about one-fourth of kids have poor handwriting in America?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7607832ed0494a64b8ac813da7e1deb0",
            "input": "Article: The old man fished alone in a small rowboat and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him. But after forty days without a fish the boy's patents had told him that the old man was now bad luck, and ordered the boy to join another boat, which caught three good fish the first week. It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his boat empty and he always went down to help him carry in the fishing lines or take down the old, patched sail. \"Santiago,\" the boy said to him as they dragged up the boat to the sand. \"I could go with you again. I've made some money.\" the old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him. \"No,\" the old man said. \"You're with a lucky boat. Stay with them. You must obey your father.\" \"We can be lucky again too. Remember when we didn't catch a fish for 10 days, then caught a big one each day for a month?\" said the boy. \"Can I offer you a beer on the balcony and then we'll take the stuff home,\" said the boy. \"Why not?\" the old man said. \"Santiago,\" the boy said as they sat on the balcony, \"If I cannot fish with you, I would like to serve in some way.\" \"You bought me a beer,\" the old man said, lifting the bottle to his mouth. \"Do you remember the first time I took you out to fish?\" the old man asked. \"I was five. I remember the tail of a huge fish slapping against the boat, the noise of you clubbing him and the sweet blood smell. I remember everything from when we first went together,\" the boy said. The old man looked at him with his sun-burned, loving eyes. \"May I get some sardines for tomorrow? Let me get four fresh ones,\" said the boy. \"One,\" the old man said. His hope and his confidence had never gone. But now they were freshening like a sea breeze. \"Two,\" the boy said. \"Thank you,\" the old man said. He was too simple to wonder when he had attained modesty. But he knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride. \"Tomorrow is going to be a good day with this wind,\" he said. \"I will row far out before it is light. There will going to be a good day with this wind,\" he said. \"I will row far out before it is light. There will be a big fish?\" asked the boy. \"I think so. And I know many tricks.\" \n Answer: The boy couldn't earn enough money with the old man.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the boy forced to stop working for the old man?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-09dbd14c60df4ac98284d53f0866ccb2",
            "input": "Article: You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind. First, you must ask yourself, \"Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?\" You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail. Let's start with the wind blowing from the behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90deg angle   to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best. If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45deg angle to the boat. _ needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn't flap  . It shouldn't look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down. Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can't go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat. \n Answer: Size of sails.",
            "output": [
                "What should you consider first while sailing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-43987f29d4aa4e619d7aa8d90ca1b6a9",
            "input": "Article: NASA has opened the door to the next generation of space discovery by announcing great plans for a base for humans to live on the surface of the moon forever. The project to build a base on the moon will begin soon after 2020, with astronauts living there within four years. The project comes after several excellent scientists and environmentalists asked humans to look beyond Earth to ensure the survival of the species  . Eventually, the moon will be a base for humans to explore the solar system and one day land on Mars. NASA began planning for the first moon landing since 1972 when George Bush, the US president, announced his new plan for space exploration four years ago. NASA has already talked about the design of the Orion spacecraft that will replace the old space shuttle fleet in 2010. The plan for the moon base, however, is the first detailed explanation of how NASA intends to prepare for the first manned exploration of deep space and a possible Mars mission within 30 years. Scientists also believe that the south pole on the moon contain rich natural gases such as the rare helium-3 that could be used as fuel for the generation of nuclear power. Besides, teams of astronauts living there for six months at a time would mine for hydrogen and oxygen to make water and possibly rocket fuel. \n Answer: In 2020.",
            "output": [
                "When was the plan to explore space first announced according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f1d62d39f0dc493d82a216ee413fca7b",
            "input": "Article: Moods, say the experts, are feelings that are likely to become fixed, having effects on one's outlook (way of looking at things) for hours, days or even weeks. That's great if your mood is a pleasant one, but a problem if you are sad, anxious, angry, or simply lonely. Perhaps the best way to deal with such moods is to talk them out; sometimes, though, there is no one to listen. Modern pharmacology   offers a lot of tranquilizers   and anti-anxiety drugs. What many people don't realize, however, is that scientists have discovered the effectiveness of several non-drug methods to make you free from an unwanted mood. These can be just as useful as drugs, and have the added benefit of being nonpoisonous. So next time you feel out of sorts, don't head for the drug store--try the following method. Of all the mood-changing self-help techniques, aerobic exercise   seem to be the best cure for a bad mood. --If you could keep the exercise, you'd be in high spirits, says Kathryn Lance, author of Running for Health and Beauty. Researchers have explained biochemical and various other changes that make exercise a better mood-raiser than drugs. Physical work such as housework, however, does little. The key is aerobic exercise - running, cycling, walking, swimming, or other repetitive and sustained activities that increase the heart rate and circulation , and improve the body's use of oxygen. Do them for at least 20 minutes a time, three to five times a week. \n Answer: How to beat a bad mood.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main subject of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2e4c8ab066074efd8f4568480eaca0b5",
            "input": "Article: Since around the later part of the 1950s, society started to realize that tobacco cigarettes caused health problems. As research progressed along with increasing numbers of people that developed lung cancer, emphysema, and other smoking related illnesses, cigarette smoking has become less accepted and popular. Unfortunately, the nicotine contained in cigarettes is one of the most addictive substances on the planet and makes quitting smoking one of the hardest things to do. In 2003, Chinese pharmacist, Hon Lik invented the electronic cigarette as a safer, and cleaner way to breathe in nicotine after his father, a heavy smoker, passed away from lung cancer attributed to smoking tobacco cigarettes. Hon Lik applied for his first patent on the electronic cigarette in 2003 and afterwards introduced e-cigs to the Chinese market in the following year through his employer, Golden Dragon Holdings. Golden Dragon Holdings later changed the company's name to \"Ruyan\" in order to better match the company's name(Ruyan means \"almost like smoke\")to the new product. Since the renaming, the Ruyan company has continued e-cigarette development and grown to be one of the largest global e-cig manufactures. Dr.Sam Han, CEO of Cixi E-CIG Technology, Inc, Ltd. also has a number of e-cig related inventions, including four patents in the United States and two in China that are electronic cigarette and e-liquid technology related. Similar to Hon Lik's father. Dr. Han was a heavy smoker for more than 40 years before beginning to work on electronic cigarette technologies in order to help himself and others make the shift to vapor smoking. Dr.Han continues to market and conduct R&D in e-cig related techonologies to this date. After the successful deployment of Ruyan and Cixi E-CIG electronic cigarettes in China and Asia, the products started to be sold in significant quantities on the Internet. \n Answer: About 11 years.",
            "output": [
                "How many years is it since the electronic cigarette was first invented according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3ebe15d96a8d4f9c908e1ec9d504858d",
            "input": "Article: In a time when a dangerous number of people are overweight, many people seem to have forgotten the most important way to keep healthy and slim---exercise. And as a new study carried out on mice in the lab has shown, exercise done early in life can reward you in your adult years. A team of researchers at the University of California studied the effects of early exercise on adult physical activity, body mass and eating. They found that early-age exercise in mice has positive effects on adult levels of voluntary exercise in addition to reducing body mass. \"These results may have an effect on the importance of regular physical education in elementary and middle schools,\" said Theodore Garland, a professor of biology, who led the research project. \"If kids exercise regularly through their school years, then they may be more likely to exercise as adults, which could have far-reaching positive effects on human health and well-being.\" Although the positive effects of early-life exercise lasted for only one week, it is important to note that one week in the life of a mouse is the same as about nine months for humans. \"Our results suggest that any positive effects of early-life exercise on adult exercise will need to be kept up if they are to be long-lasting.\" His team of researchers found, too, that all mice that had access to early exercise were lighter in weight than non-exercised mice. Garland explained that, in general, exercise will stimulate appetite sooner or later. However, it is possible that certain types of exercise, done for certain periods of time or at certain light levels, might not _ appetite much, if at all, at least in some individuals. \"If we could understand what sorts of exercise these might be, then we might be able to tailor exercise recommendations in a way that would bring the benefits of exercise without increase in appetite, leading to a better chance of weight loss,\" he said. \n Answer: One week",
            "output": [
                "How long do the positive effects of early-life exercise last for a mouse?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f6852bba76b242af8130ae36522b03af",
            "input": "Article: An \"apple polisher\" is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. It is not exactly a bribe ,but is close to it. All sorts of people are apple polishers, including politicians and people in high offices -- just about everybody. Oliver Cromwell, the great English leader, offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party, but failed. There are other phrases meaning the same thing as \"apple-polishing\" -- \"soft-soaping\" or \"butter-up\". A gift is just one way to \"soft-soap\" somebody, or to \"butter him up\". Another that is just as effective is flattery, giving someone high praise -- telling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is. Endless are the ways of flattery. Who does not love or hear it ? Only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is. In truth, flattery is good medicine for most of us, who gets so little of it. We need it to be more sure of ourselves. It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. But we just lap it up for its food value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to ourselves. Sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothing from one who has had too much of it. A good example is the famous 12th century legend of King Canute of Denmark and England. The king got tired of listening to the endless sickening flattery of his courtiers .They overpraised him to the skies, as a man of limitless power. He decided to teach them a lesson. He took them to the seashore and sat down. Then he ordered the waves to stop coming in. The tide was too busy to listen to him. The king was satisfied. This might show his followers how weak his power was and how empty their flattery. \n Answer: A teacher praised his students for their talent and wisdom.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following activities has nothing to do with \"apple-polishing\" ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3766484323cc488eb4705d0b1195e073",
            "input": "Article: A group of eight public high school students  in Massachusetts, aged l5 to l7,designed and ran their own school within a school. They named their practice the Independent Project. They represented the usual range: two were close to dropping out before they started the project,while others were honors students. Their guidance teacher was their adviser, consulting with them when the group encountered difficulties. Though they sought advice from English,math and science teachers, they were responsible for monitoring one another's work and giving one another feedback. There were no grades, but at the end of the term,the students wrote evaluations of their classmates. The students also designed their own course. In addition to some  regular courses,they each took on an 'individual project',learning to play the piano or to cook,writing a novel or making a video about domestic  violence. At the end of the term,they performed their new skills in front of the entire school. The last part of their self - designed course was to do a 'collective project' that had social significance. Because they felt the whole experience had been so life - changing,they ended up making a film showing how other students could start and run their own schools. The project was a success. After returning to their traditional study,the students have high motivation and are doing well. One student who had failed all of his previous math courses spent three weeks teaching the others about probability. The lesson learned here is that if students are given the opportunity to take control or contribute significantly to their own learning they will become more accomplished,more engaged and more knowledgeable. The students in the project are remarkable because they demonstrate the kinds of learning and  personal growth that are possible when teenagers feel ownership of their high school experience,learn things that matter to them and learn together. \n Answer: Some students might drop out of high school.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c9a78fca2e314d11bee2ee363579a30d",
            "input": "Article: Online Degrees Today, you can earn a degree from a major university without ever having sat in one of their classrooms. Many colleges and universities are offering online courses and degree programs now. Online Learning Programs With a computer and an Internet connection, you can earn a degree from home, work, or anywhere else for that matter. Online degree programs follow much the same routines as traditional learning, with a few twists. There are lectures, but they won't be in person. There are assignments   , but you won't hand them to your instructor. In most situations, you are free to \"go to class\" when it fits your\"schedule. If you get a phone call during class, you don't have to miss anything. If you get sick, you don't have to ask for someone's notes, and you just visit the lecture later. You'll communicate with your instructor by e-mail, chat room and instant messaging. Your  classroom will live in a special software program. Contrary to popular belief, you will have close  contact with other students and the instructor. Evaluating the Program There are a lot of questions to ask before you make your selection, such as: How do students interact with each other? Online programs can use chat rooms, instant messaging, teleconferencing, and video conferencing to communicate. The key is to find a program that has this interaction built into it and even requires it. What kind of reputation does the school have? It may seem simple-a good school will have a good online program. This reputation,however, may not be as straightforward as you think. It's not uncommon for a great school to have a weak program or two. So you'd better look at the overall quality of the school and make a judgment. The Employers' View As more and more employees get online degrees and use them in the workforce  ,  hiring managers will begin to feel more secure about the quality of education these people have. \n Answer: There are lectures, but you don't need to meet the lecturers.",
            "output": [
                "In which way is online education special?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cf4d3669aa9d48db97fe95887da36b93",
            "input": "Article: It is pretty much a one-way street.While it may\"be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world,there is very little traffic in the opposite direction.Pay has always been the biggest _ ,as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job.For some industrial scientists,however, the attractions of academia outweigh any financial considerations. Helen Lee took a 70%cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge.Her main reason for returning to academia halfway was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions.Some areas of research have few chances of a commercial return,and Lee's is one of them. The powerful effect of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of an occupation.Guy Grant,now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge,spent two years working for a medicine company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher.He took a 30%salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities. Higher up the ladder,where a pay cut is usually more significant,the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition to academia more attractive,according to Lee.Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not,such as how to build a multidisciplinary team,manage budgets and negotiate contracts .They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate,says Lee,perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development.\"Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic occupation.So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent a11 their time on a narrow research project.\" \n Answer: Her research interests.",
            "output": [
                "What was Helen Lee's major consideration when she changed her j ob halfway?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c902638c48d640d29fef0435a0d51b94",
            "input": "Article: A New Zealand volcano _ for more than a century has erupted,sending up ash clouds,disturbing flights and closing roads. Mount Tongariro, one of three volcanoes in the centre of the North Island, became active just before midnight local time, with reports of loud explosions,pouting rocks and steam. The 1, 978m peak is in a national park popular with hikers. No damages have been reported after the eruption. Witnesses described a dramatic scene as the volcano erupted. \"I saw this beautiful. big cloud and I thought: 'Gee that looks like a volcanic plume'. Just as I thought that there was a great big orange flash,\" truck driver Bryn Rodda told New Zealand National Radio. \"It was quite impressive.\" Mount Tongariro last erupted 115 years ago. And scientists said they did not yet know if this eruption was a single event. Experts said they were caught by surprise--they had recorded some activity like an earthquake in recent weeks but were not expecting an eruption. \"This might just be a quiet period and we should expect it to start again at any time. So we are watching things Very closely,\" volcanologist Michael Rosenberg told TVNZ. Eruption activity has currently reduced, New Zealand media said.Meteorologists said the ash was blowing east towards the Pacific Ocean. A number of inland flights from the North Island to the South Island had been affected by the volcanic activity, Air New Zealand said. Police said highways that had been closed because visibility was affected after the eruption are now open. Some residents in the nearby areas had temporarily left their homes. Officials have not ordered an evacuation , but advised those affected by the ash cloud to stay indoors and close their doors and windows. \n Answer: Road block.",
            "output": [
                "What effect did the eruption cause?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b6ebedc4d5f94e8cbb662c78908f532f",
            "input": "Article: Scientists have argued for long over whether birds show real intelligence. Some scientists believe birds have abilities including communication and different kinds of memory. In some unusual cases, their abilities seem better than those of humans.      Irene Pepperberg, a birds expert, did research about a grey parrot named. Griffin. Ms. Pepperberg says Griffin can arrange objects in order of size. She says the talking bird also can combine words in the right order. For example, he will combine words when asking for a piece of food. The researcher says experts had thought that only humans and other mammals with large brains have the ability to combine objects and words. She believes that bird brains have the ability to understand that complex  tasks must be done in the correct order.      Some birds have other memory skills. For example, they collect and store thousands of seeds in autumn, and find them later in winter. Alan Kamil and Alan Bond of the University of Nebraska are studying the memories of birds called jays and nutcrackers. Their experiments show that these birds use natural objects to find the seeds they have stored.      It's said some birds can learn as many as 2,000 different songs. Songs may have developed as a way for birds to communicate with other birds.      According to Verner Bingman of Bowling Green State University in Ohio, birds must have a special guidance system in their brain. He says that understanding how a bird's brain operates may help us better understand how a human brain processes information.      However, some scientists do still believe birds do many things that appear to be acts of thoughtful intelligence. In most cases, they say, their behavior is simply instinctive , no reasoning power directing it. \n Answer: The intelligence of birds.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main subject discussed in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0b8b25cc798c44ea983ad5fb3a44edda",
            "input": "Article: It's not so surprising that US First Lady Michelle Obama has called Modern Family her favorite TV series. September saw the fun, heartwarming sitcom take home the Best Comedy Series award at the 2013 Emmys. This is the fourth year in a row that the series has won that title. The show features three families who move in and out of each other's lives. The first one is a typical American family: the working dad Phil, stay-at-home mom Claire and their three children. The second family is made up of Jay, his young Hispanic wife and her son Manny. Jay, 65, is the father of Claire. He is 30 years older than his wife and everyone mistakes the two for being father and daughter. The third family is made up of a gay couple, Mitchell and Cameron, and their adopted daughter Lily. Mitchell is Jay's son. On Sept 25, the show started its fifth season, in which Claire makes a big change - she returns to work. The other big storylines include Jay's stepson Manny starting high school and Mitchell and Cameron looking for a primary school for Lily. Will things go right for the three families? Modern Family has no spies, aliens or vampires  ; it's just about ordinary people. So what has made it such a hit? According to the Los Angeles Times, its \"presentation of contemporary US society\" contributes to its success. The show presents what a typical \"nuclear family\" is like in the US: two parents, a big house and two or three children. When there's a fight between their kids, Phil wants to be the \"cool dad\" while traditional mom Claire lives by the saying \"an eye for an eye\". She always forces Phil to punish the troublemaker. The show also touches upon developments in interracial relations in the US by focusing on Hispanic communities. This makes sense, as \"by 2040, America will no longer be a majority-white country, with the fastest growth rate among Hispanics...\" BBC pointed out. In addition, according to BBC, 40 percent of Americans say they have a gay friend or relative. By including Mitchell and Cameron, Modern Family reflects the changing status of gay people in the US. \"The US is a melting pot ... so the family has come to reflect that diversity.\" commented The Hartman Group, a US research firm. \n Answer: Jay and his wife are often not thought of as a couple because their ages are so far apart.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about the characters in Modern Family?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f64ccc713cd644be8f754a24908095ff",
            "input": "Article: Some people are like homing pigeons; Drop them off anywhere.and they'll find their way around.Other people.through, can't tell holding a map upside down.Are the directionally challenged just bad learners? Not all of your navigational skills are learned.Research shows that your sense of direction is innate.An innate ability is something you are born with.Your brain has special navigational neurons--head-direction cells, place cells, and grid cells --and they help program your inside compass when you're just a baby. In 2010.scientists carried out an experiment to study baby rates'    activity in their brains.Although the rats were newborns.the researchers discovered that their head-direction cells(which help them recognize the direction they're facing) were fully grown and developed.The rats.it seemed.were born with a sense of direction.And they hadn't even opened their eyes yet! Humans.of course, are not rats.But the hippocampus --the brain we use for navigation--is similar in most mammals.If the rat's compass develops this way.then it's likely a human's compass does, too. If we're born with a sense of direction.then why are some people so good at getting lost? The scientists found that the two other cells---place and grid cells--developed within the first month.Place cells are thought to help us form a map in our mind.while gird cells help us navigate new and unfamiliar places.The two cells work together, and that's where the trouble might be. People who took part in a 2013 study played a video game that required them to travel quickly between different places.Monitoring their brains.the scientists.According to researcher Michael Kahana, differences in how gird cells work may help explain why some people have a better sense of direction than others. \n Answer: Rats have a natural ability to recognize directions",
            "output": [
                "What did the 2010 research find?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d080d8948724014bee172067d26aeb8",
            "input": "Article: The United States is already one year into a depression That was the news this week from the Na-tional Bureau of Economic Research. The downturn is the longest since a depression that began in 1981and lasted sixteen months. Economists generally wait for production to shrink for six months in a row before they declare a re-cession. But the bureau, a private group, uses a wider set of information to measure the economy. Thenews only confirmed what many people already knew: that the world's largest economy is weak and maynot recover soon. Worsening conclitions have led to a big drop in spending, especially on costly products like new cars. Even Japanese automaker Toyota saw its sales fall thirty - four percent in the United States in November from a year ago. The heads of Chrysler, Ford and General Motors retumed to Congress this week to again ask for federal aid.  Congressional leaders denounced  them two weeks ago after they came in private jets with no clear plans for saving their industry. This time, the chiefs drove to Washington in fuel- saving hybrid vehicles. And their companies presented detailed restructuring plans. The reguest for aid has risen from twenty-five billion dollars two weeks ago to thirty-four billion in loans and credit lines. G.M. wants almost half of that, and says it needs four billion dollars this month. It warned that without support it cannot continue to operate. Ford is in a better position, But the sharing of suppliers means it could be affected if G.M. or Chrysler fails. Ford is asking for a nine billion dollar credit line in case it needs it. Chrysler is the smallest and most trouble of America's Big Three. It says it needs a seven billion dollar loan by the end of the month. Two days of congressional hearings began Thursday in the Senate Banking Committee. The chairman, Democrat Chris Dodd, said he would support helping the automakers for the good of the economy. But the committee's top Republican, Richard Shelby, continued to express opposition to a bailout . A main root of the world financial crisis is the weak housing market in the United States. The Trea-sury Department has been under pressure to help troubled homeowners. Now comes news that the depart-ment is developing a plan aimed at reducing interest rates on mortgage loans  for some buyers of homes. That could be good for homeowners trying to sell. \n Answer: Because they didn't have a ciear plan to save their industry.",
            "output": [
                "Why were the automakers refused for federal aid two weeks ago?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3070f67b119842ad9c39eced4c4d2932",
            "input": "Article: Human Capital - How what you know shapes your life Version: Print (Paperback) Publication date: 20 Feb 2007 Language: English ISBN: 9789264029088 Price: C15 I $19 1$10 This book explores the influence of education and learning on our societies and lives and examines what countries are doing to provide education and training to support people throughout their lives. Economic Policy Reforms -- Going/or Growth, 2007 Edition Version: Print (Paperback) Publication date: 15 Feb 2007 Language: English ISBN: 9789264030473 Price: $60|$75|$41 Based on a broad set of indicators of structural policies and performance, Going for Grcwth 2007 takes stock of the recent progress made in implementing policy reforms and identifies, for each OECD country, five policy priorities to lift growth. Climate Change in the European Alps -- Adapting Winter Tourism and Natural Hazards Management Version: Print (Paperback) Publication date: 22 Jan 2007 Language: English ISBN: 9789264031685 Price: $24 $32$ 17 The first systematic cross-country analysis of snow-reliability of Alpine ski areas under climate change for five countries in the region: France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy and Germany. OECD in Figures 2006--2007--Statistics on the Member Countries -- OECD Observer-- Volume 2006 Supplement 1 Version: Print (Paperback) Publication date: 05 Jan 2007 Language: English ISBN: 9789264022638 Price.; $15 |$20 |$10 A handy pocket reference containing key data covering the entire range of OECD work including the economy, employment, health, education, migration, the environment, science and technology, public finances, agriculture, trade, and development aid. OECD Economic Outlook -- December No, 80 -- Volume 2006 Issue 2 Version: Print (Paperback) Publication date: 26 Jan 2007 language-English ISBN: 9789264030954 Price: $80 | $97|$55 OECD's twice yearly assessment and projections for the economies of the OECD area and selected non-members. This edition also looks at the rise in household debt. \n Answer: Climate Change in the European Alps.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following books was published most lately?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9f9d2237eee45a2a4bc501e7f8e4412",
            "input": "Article: The strong emphasis on educational achievement in China, Japan and other parts of South-East Asia may be coming at a heavy price. Researchers say that hard work at school plus the lack of exposure to outdoor light is damaging the eyes of almost nine out of ten students--with one in five at serious risk of visual impairment and blindness. The scientists say that young people need up to three hours a day of outdoor light, but many infants are also missing out as they nap during lunch time. Dr. Ian Morgan is the lead author of the study. \"I think what's happened in South-East Asia is that we've got _ . We've got the massive educational pressures and we've got the construction of a child's day in a way that really minimises the amount of time they spend outside in bright light.\" The scientists say that genetic factors, long thought to play a big role in short-sightedness, are not as important as the environment. They point to Singapore as a place with several different racial groups, all of whom are now suffering high levels of short-sightedness. The authors suggest that compulsory time outdoors should be considered by educational authorities across South-East Asia as a way of dealing with the problem. \n Answer: Sight problems in South-East Asia.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cdb2e0331e91484eb966b31c89a1cd3c",
            "input": "Article: When I was six years old, my mother started making me take piano lessons. Every morning, she would make sure I sat in front of the piano and practiced for at least one hour. After two years, I still didn't like it. When the time for my Grade I examination, I couldn't go through with it. I cried because I didn't want to play the piano anymore. In the end, I was spared from going for any more lessons. That was the end of my music career. When I look back at that time, I ask myself--why did I do that for two years? I didn't think abut it then but the answer seems obvious now--I didn't think I had a choice. Then for twelve years, I felt that my life had no meaning. I felt that I really couldn't go on. I kept waiting for something outside of me to happen to make me happy. But the universe intervened   and sent me help disguised in the form of a sales call. One afternoon a lady called me about a Tony Robbins event called Unleash the Power Within. Part of me was curious; but when the time came, I still was considering if I should go in or go to the beach instead. I made a choice to give it a try. In that hall filled with 4,000 people, Tony gave me back something I never knew I had---the power of choice. I left there renewed and refreshed, excited about my new life, knowing from that point forward that in life there are no victims, only choices. To this day, I sometimes wonder how differently my life would have turned out if I had missed taking that sales call. Sometimes in life, we are stuck in certain situations and it may seem that there is nothing we can do about it. Just remember that everything in life is about choice. You can make a choice to remove yourself from any situation that is not serving you right now. The question is---will you? \n Answer: He couldn't pass the examination.",
            "output": [
                "What was the possible reason for the author's giving up the piano?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-45f862e8a9e1400d966bb11d85ff773d",
            "input": "Article: Apparently everyone knows that global warming only makes climate more extreme. A hot, dry summer has caused another flood of such claims. And one of the players that benefit the most from this story is the media: the idea of \"extreme\" climate simply makes for more exciting news. Consider Paul Krugman writing breathlessly in The New York Times about the \"rising incidence of extreme events.\" He claims that global warming caused the current drought in America's Midwest, and that supposedly record-high corn prices could cause a global food crisis .  But the United Nations's latest assessment tells us precisely the opposite--there has an overall slight tendency toward less dryness in North America. Moreover, there is no way that Krugman could have identified this drought as being caused by global warming without a time machine since climate models estimate that such detection will be possible by 2048, at the earliest. And, fortunately, this year's drought appears unlikely to cause a food crisis, as global rice and wheat supplies are plentiful. Moreover, Krugman overlooks inflation :Prices have increased six-fold since 1969.So, the inflation-adjusted price of corn was higher throughout most of the 1970s. Finally, Krugman forgets that concerns about global warming are the main reason that corn prices have skyrocketed since 2005.Nowadays 40 percent of corn grown in the United States is used to produce ethanol ,which raises the price of corn -at the expense of many of the world's poorest people. Bill Mickbben similarly worries in The Guardian About the Midwest drought and corn prices.He confidently tells us that fierce wildfires from New Mexico and Colorado to Siberia are \"exactly\" what the early stages of global warming look like. In fact, the latest study on global wildfire suggests that fire incidence has declined over the past 70 years and is now close to its preindustrial level. When well--meaning campaigners want us to pay attention to global warming, they often end up making overstatements. And exaggerated  claims merely fuel public distrust and unconcern. That is unfortunate, because global warming is a real problem, and we do need to address it. \n Answer: They can attract people's attention to their reports.",
            "output": [
                "In what way do the media benefit from extreme weather?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-058d6caaf969483982b1996ac428c596",
            "input": "Article: The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism , are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries. History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from today's popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future. In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because\"the general principles of taste are uniform  in human nature,\"the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries. Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist. \n Answer: It excites the human mind throughout the world.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a3f771554e514f76b476bfa20c812fb3",
            "input": "Article: Fake a book, leave a book. Public bookshelves are appearing across Germany on street corners, city squares and suburban supermarkets. In these free-for-all libraries, people can grab whatever they want to read, and leave behind anything they want for others. There's no need to register, no due date, and you can take or give as many as you want. \"This project is aimed at everyone who likes to read regardless of age or education. It is open for everybody,\" Michael Aubermann, one of the organizers of the free book exchange in the city of Cologne, told The Associated Press. \"We installed our other outdoor shelves last year and it's been working really well,\" said Aubermann, a 44-year-old who works in IT management. The public hook shelves, which are usually financed by donations and cared for by local \\ volunteer groups, have appeared independently of each other in many cities across Germany including Berlin, Hannover and Bonn, and also in suburbs and villages. Each shelf holds around 200 books and it lakes about six weeks for a complete turnover, with all the old titles replaced by new ones, he said. While most of the shelves have so far been put up in upscale   neighborhoods, Aubermann and the 20 volunteers who help look after the project are planning to put up future shelves in poor neighborhoods, where residents often don't have as much access to literature. So far, the Cologne book group has had few problems .Though a used-book seller once emptied every volume on a shelf to sell at a market. Another time the shelves were filled with material from a religious group. Even commercial book stores and online book retailers seem to support the idea of free book exchanges. \n Answer: Public bookshelves spread across Germany.",
            "output": [
                "What's the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4283bc43531445b8943d4bc7685e6f1d",
            "input": "Article: She took up skating at age 85, made her first movie appearance at age 114, and held a concert in the neighborhood on her 121st birthday. When it comes to long life, Jeanne Calment is the world's recordholder. She lived to the ripe old age of 122. So is 122 the upper limit to the human life span ? If scientists come up with some sort of pill or diet that would slow aging, could we possibly make it to 150-or beyond? Researchers don't entirely agree on the answers. \"Calment lived to 122, so it wouldn't surprise me if someone alive today reaches 130 or 135, \"says Jerry Shay at the University of Texas. Steve Austad at the University of Texas agrees. \"People can live much longer than we think, \"he says. \"Experts used to say that humans couldn't live past 110. When Calment blew past that age, they raised the number to 120. So why can't we go higher? \" The trouble with guessing how old people can live to be is that it's all just guessing. \"Anyone can make up a number, \"says Rich Miller at the University of Michigan. \"Usually the scientist who picks the highest number gets his name in Time magazine. \" Won't new anti-aging techniques keep us alive for centuries? Any cure, says Miller, for aging would probably keep most of us kicking until about 120. Researchers are working on treatments that lengthen the life span of mice by 50 percent at most. So, if the average human life span is about 80 years, says Miller, \"adding another 50 percent would get you to 120. \" So what can we conclude from this little disagreement among the researchers? That life span is flexible , but there is a limit, says George Martin of the University of Washington. \"We can get flies to live 50 percent longer, \"he says. \"But a fly's never going to live 150 years. \"Of course, if you became a new species  , one that ages at a slower speed, that would be a different story, he adds. Does Martin really believe that humans could evolve  their way to longer life? \"It's pretty cool to think about, \"he says with a smile. \n Answer: People can live to 122.",
            "output": [
                "What does the story of Jeanne Calment prove to us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-78394eba20de46c398827affb771708d",
            "input": "Article: One night, as Diaz stepped off the train and onto a nearly empty platform, a teenage boy approached and pulled out a knife. \"He wanted my money, so I just gave him my wallet and told him, 'Here you go '\" Diaz says. As the teen began to walk away, Diaz told him, \"Hey, wait a minute. You forgot something. If you're going to be robbing people for the rest of the night, you might as well take my coat to keep you warm.\" The robber looked at him puzzled, saying, \"Why are you doing this?\" Diaz replied, \"If you're willing to risk your freedom for a few dollars, then you must really need the money. I mean, all I wanted to do was get dinner and if you really want to join me.....\" Diaz says he and the teen went into a diner and sat in a booth. \"The manager comes by, the dishwashers come by, the waiters come by to say hi,\" Diaz says. The kid said, \"You know everybody here. Do you own this place?\" \"No, I just eat here a lot,\" Dias said. \"But you're even nice to the dishwasher,\" he said. Diaz replied, \"Well, haven't you been taught you should be nice to everybody?\" \"Yea, but I didn't think people actually behaved that way,\" the teen said. When the bill arrived, Diaz said, \"You're going to have to pay for this bill because you have my money and I can't pay for this. So if you give me my wallet back, I'll gladly treat you.\" The teen returned it immediately. \"I gave him $20.... I figure maybe it'll help him.\" Diaz says he asked for something in return--- the teen's knife--- \"and he gave it to me.\" Afterwards, when Diaz told his mother what happened, she said, \"You're the type of kid that if someone asked you for the time, you gave them your watch.\" \"I figure, you know, if you treat people right, you can only hope that they treat you right. It's as simple as it gets in this complicated world.\" \n Answer: He treated the teen to dinner",
            "output": [
                "What did Diaz do to the teen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ea8fb8f34fcf49f8839515420774a5f9",
            "input": "Article: Different countries and cultures celebrate New Year in different ways. Many countries still follow the lunar calendar, meaning that their new year often starts in late January or in February. New Year celebrations for some countries (like China, Vietnam and Korea) last not one day, but up to two weeks! In the U.S., many people attend New Year parties. They drink champagne, dance, and cheer at the stroke of midnight. Fireworks, which in olden times scared away evil spirits, are very popular throughout the U. S.  . U.S. residents often make one or more New Year's _ such as promising to quit smoking, lose weight, stop drinking. Most of these resolutions last little longer than a month. In the southern U.S. , many people eat black-eyed peas for good luck in the new year. In Mexico and Venezuela, many people wear red or yellow underwear for good luck. In Brazil, residents wear red white clothes for good luck, and in China, they wear red clothes and give children red envelops with money in them. In Iran, people wear brand new clothes on the first day of the new year. In Scotland, homeowners open the front door at midnight to let in the new year, and open the back door to let out the old year. In Switzerland, people kiss each other three times at midnight. In Spain, people eat 12 grapes-----one per chime----as the clock chimes midnight. In Japan, they ring a bell 108 times to get rid of the108 bad desires that people have. In Korea, they ring a bell 33 times in honor of 33 ancient soldiers. \n Answer: Many people attend New Year parties.",
            "output": [
                "How do Americans celebrate their New Year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c5a551d2ce0b4cbbb711beef3bd877c3",
            "input": "Article: Repeated cases of child abuse   in China have shocked the country. They also have led to more protection of children's rights. But rights activists say the government and private groups need to do more to help children in need. A small child protection service in Shanghai is trying to stop neglect and violence against children. Gege is seven years old. She has been homeless for almost half her life. Her mother suffers from a mental condition. They lived on the streets in Shenzhen for more than three years. A man named Xiao Xudong learned about Gege. He told her story to the local media   earlier this year. Government officials heard the story and found help for Gege and her mother. The mother began to receive treatment for her mental problems. Gege was sent to a centre for children who had lost both parents. She was later re-united with her father. Her story has a happy ending. But social workers are not yet celebrating. Xiao Xudong spoke on Skype: \"We have many child protection organizations, but why do we still have so many children being abused and neglected?\" Recently, Chinese newspapers and magazines reported on repeated cases of child abuse in the country. The reports shocked many people and led the government to strengthen measures to protect children's rights. Xie Chang'e is a lawyer. She offers legal assistance at a child protection service called Hope Home. Ms. Xie said that China has laws to protect children's rights. But the laws are often unclear, she added, and difficult to put into effect. However, the government is starting to recognize the problems in the child welfare system. New rules state that parents or legal guardians who sexually abuse, sell, abandon or violently hurt children will lose their legal right to care for them. Ms. Xie supports the new regulations. She says they are a good way to help protect children. But she says police and other officials do not know about the regulations or do not always follow them. She also notes that the new regulations have the force of law, but they have not yet been written into laws. \n Answer: The laws are so general that they are hard to put into effect.",
            "output": [
                "What causes the laws to protect children's rights to be ineffective?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4a6992093a1e4611be856e8a1ee77a99",
            "input": "Article: Langston Hughes was born in prefix = st1 /Joplin,Missouri, in 1902. His parents got divorced. He spent most of his childhood with his grandmother inLawrence,Kansas. She told him stories about their family and their fight to end slavery. Her storytelling filled him with pride in himself and his race. He first began to write poetry when he was living with her. In 1919, he moved to Cleveland,Ohio, to stay with his mother. He attended Central High School inCleveland. Langston was named Class Poet one year. He published his first short stories while still in high school. Langston Hughes struggled with a feeling of loneliness caused by his parents' divorce. He developed a love for reading books as a way to deal with the lack of time his parents spent with him. His love for reading grew into a desire to write. He wanted to reproduce the powerful effect other writers, like Walt Whitman, had made upon him. After graduating from high school in 1920, Langston moved to Mexico Cityto live with his father for one year. His father did not offer much warmth to him. Yet, Langston turned the pain caused by his family problems into one of his most famous poems,\" The Negro Speaks of Rivers.\" In this poem, he speaks of the strength and pride of black people in ancient African civilizations and inAmerica. Langston arrived in New Yorkat 19. Later, he left school, broke with his father, and began traveling. Traveling was a lifelong love that would take him throughout the world before he died. In 1922, Hughes took a job on a ship and sailed to Africa. He wrote poems and short stories during his travels. His experiences while traveling greatly influenced his work. He sent a few of his writings back home. They were published, and readers found a totally new and fresh style in his poems. \n Answer: His grandma's storytelling",
            "output": [
                "What was the main reason for Langston's first attempt at writing poems?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57d0d2b3245446f69350a51a2313c140",
            "input": "Article: Robert Spring, a 19th century forger  , was as good at his profession that he was able to make his living for 15 years by selling false signatures of famous Americans. Spring was born in England in 1813 and arrived in Philadelphia in 1858 to open a bookstore. At first he make some money by selling his small but genuine of early U.S. autographs  . Discovering his ability at copying handwriting, he began imitating signatures of George Washington and Ban Franklin and writing them on the title pages of old books. To make less the chance of detection  , he sent his forgeries   to England and Canada for sale and circulation  . Forgers have a hard time selling their products. A forger can't approach a respectable buyer but must deal with people who don't have much knowledge in the field. Forgers have many ways to make their work look real. For example, they buy old books to use the aged paper of the title page, and they can treat paper and ink with chemicals. In Spring's time, right after the Civil War, Britain was still fond of the Southern states, so Spring invented a respectable maiden lady known as Miss Fanny Jackson, the only daughter of General \"Stonewall\" Jackson. For several years Miss Fanny's economic problems forced her to sell a great number of letters and manuscripts belonging to her famous father. Spring had to work very hard to satisfy the demand. All this activity did not prevent Spring from dying in poverty, leaving sharp-eye experts the difficult task of separating this forgeries from the originals. \n Answer: There was less chance of being detected there.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Spring sell his autographs in England and Canada?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-14324475fab3456cbb1d771361051f40",
            "input": "Article: One of its worst ever mass shootings in America occurred on Friday when 20 children and six adults were shot dead by a gunman who opened fire at an elementary school in Connecticut. The gunshot at Sandy Hook elementary school in Newtown, about 65 miles north-east of New York, is understood to have been carried out by a gunman, who was later found dead at the scene. State policeman Paul Vance said 18 children died at the scene and two more died in hospital Six adults were found dead at the school, Vance said.The bodies of the victims remain inside the school. In an emotional press conference at the White House, Barack Obama suggested that he may take action.Fighting back tears, he said: \"We've tolerate too many of these tragedies in the past few years.And each time ] learn the news I react not as a president, but as anybody else would as a parent.And that was especially true today.I know there's not a parent in America who isn't in the same overwhelming sorrow that I am.\" Referring to a number of major shootings this year alone, Obama continued: \"Whether it's an elementary school in Newtown, or a shopping mall in Oregon, or a temple in Wisconsin, or a movie theater in Aurora, or a street comer in Chicago - these neighborhoods are our neighborhoods, and these children are our children.And we're going to have to come together and take meaningful action to prevent more tragedies like this, regardless of the politics.\" \n Answer: 26",
            "output": [
                "How many people died on the spot ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f268963594f4d6b832e80a7e1fb9eb6",
            "input": "Article: The name of our restaurant is Mediterranean Seafood Restaurant. When you hear the name you will immediately think of the sea and Europe. European countries like Spain, Portugal, Italy and France are all famous for their special cuisine  and most of the best sea recipes come from these countries. These countries also produce the best wines and champagnes  in the world. Our restaurant has the best seafood in the world. Enjoy the best sea recipes from the Mediterranean countries like Spain, Portugal, Italy and France. We only use fresh ingredients brought directly from the sea to our kitchen. Among the we serve, you will find the best brands of wines and champagnes on earth. We also have a large variety of colorful cocktails. If you drink one of those and eat our seafood, you'll experience a feeling that you have never felt before. We also have excellent waiters and waitresses who wear typical mariner  uniforms. Mediterranean Seafood Restaurant is the best choice for seafood lovers because it has everything you need for the perfect meal. You can find every kind of seafood here. If you are tired of the typical restaurants, come here to discover the true taste of the sea. Nowhere else has the wonderful environment that we have. Most of the other restaurants offer the same type of dishes without the real flavor of the sea. You'll like the Mediterranean because the quality of our service is unique. Don't waste your time trying to find another place to eat; we have everything that you are looking for -- comfort, newness, and of course, delicious food. \n Answer: The entertainment in the Mediterranean.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df826577dac147d7a57be4dc790bf969",
            "input": "Article: Advice to \"sleep on it\" could be well founded, scientists say. After a good night's sleep a problem that couldn't be solved the night before can often appear more manageable. Researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good night's sleep can improve insight and problem-solving ability. \"If you have some newly-got memories in your brain, sleep acts on these memories and restructures them, so that after sleep the insight increases,\" said Dr Jan Born, a neuroscientist, at the University. To test the discovery, they taught volunteers two simple rules to help them turn a string of numbers into a new order. There was also a third, hidden rule, which could help them increase their speed in solving the problem. The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups: half were allowed to sleep after the training while the rest were forced to stay awake. Dr Jan Born and his team noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as likely to figure out the third rule as the other group. \"Sleep helped,\" Born said in a telephone interview . The important thing is that you have to have a memory description of the problem you want to solve in your brain and then you sleep, so it can act on the problem.\" But Born admitted that he and his team don't know how restructuring of memories occurs or what controls it. Pierre Maquet and Perrine Ruby of the University of Liege in Belgium said the experimental evidence supports the suggestion that sleep can help develop creative thinking. Although the role of sleep in human creativity will still be a mystery, the research gives people good reasons to fully respect their periods of sleep, they added. \n Answer: To discuss how to improve sleeping quality.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the experiment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-71ec4843cc7c4e3ebe7b84cb466eec59",
            "input": "Article: Planetary changes which will have an influence on many are drawing near because of the poor ecological   state of the planet. Actually change has already begun through climate changes, but most humans haven't noticed this yet. Climate change has begun to influence the world already and will begin to worsen within the next few years. Around 2020 most people will begin to see that the results of climate change will be far more serious than now understood. As the planet is under big geological  stresses, which are continuously increasing, it will in the future no longer be able to support its population. Scarcity   of resources, over-farming, lack of clean air, not enough clean drinking water and drought are some of the issues that will all play a much greater role in the near future. Humans have caused large ecological devastation  . The lifestyles of many people are improving at a fast speed; however, this will finally result in a lack of some precious resources. When this scarcity begins to happen, people will no longer be able to have sustainable   lifestyles. It's important to understand that everyone plays a role in the whole process of life. Each person's decision can finally affect the future. These decisions, all combined, can have good effect on what the future will be like for humans. So the future depends on the choices we make at the present moment. While more and more people are becoming aware of climate change and other environmental problems related to global warming, not all are fully understanding how far-reaching its effects will be. Unfortunately, most of the humans are aware that the planet isn't functioning well, but they don't understand that this is creating a major problem for the future survival of humans. So, every person should make the necessary changes to reduce their influence on the environment and help create a more sustainable future. \n Answer: Environmental Damage and the Human Future",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e053cec0664b4ecb98de0d34eb7b1bc3",
            "input": "Article: People at risk of a heart attack or stroke could benefit from blood-pressure-lowering drugs even if their blood pressure is considered in the normal, healthy range. If such drugs were offered to people with cardiac  risks regardless of their blood pressure at the beginning of treatment it could save millions of lives, researchers in Oxford University found. For the study, the team analyzed more than 120 medical trials including around 600,000 people conducted over two decades, saying their findings are a call for an urgent review of existing blood pressure treatment guidelines. \"Our findings clearly show that treating blood pressure to a lower level could greatly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, if widely conducted,\" said study lead author Kazem Rahimi. High blood pressure has long been identified as a factor in higher risks of heart disease and strokes, and makes more than a billion people around the globe in torment -- including one out of three U.S. adults. Blood pressure is recorded in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) as two numbers in a ratio: \"systolic\" pressure inside the arteries when the heart beats as the top number, and \"diastolic \" pressure between heartbeats, as the heart rests and is refilled with blood. \"Normal\" blood pressure is considered at 120/80 or below, and is considered \"high\" at 140/90 or above, according to the American Heart Association. The researchers said their study showed that for every reduction in systolic pressure of 10 mmHg, the risk of heart attacks was reduced by a fifth and that of a stroke around a quarter. Some experts said they thought the study's findings were important but did offer some warnings. \"One important warning is that not everyone will be able to tolerate having their blood pressure reduced to low levels, and there is a need to balance possible drug side effects and likely benefits,\" Smeeth said. \n Answer: Normal blood pressure doesn't mean a healthy body.",
            "output": [
                "What do the findings indicate?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7f2b84e5cc164970b465774a33a41439",
            "input": "Article: Paula and Rory have fives kids, three dogs, and a rabbit. When the house is very noisy, Megan, one of the children, is quietly inventing. A year ago, the 10-year-old had to design an anti-smoking poster, she came up with the idea of creating something that shows the average amount of tar  a smoker collects from just four packs of cigarettes. \"I like people to play with things more than read and write,\" she says. So she researched her idea on the Internet, found a company in China that could make it, saved up her pocket money and got her idea made. Paula says her daughter \"think differently\": Ideas jump into her mind. After she got sunburnt on holiday, Megan invented a small plastic bracelet  that changes colors in the sun, telling you when to put on sunscreen . Several sunscreen companies have expressed an interest in the idea. She also came up with an idea to make a ball filled with water to stop the dog from feeling thirsty. \"But we didn't do anything with it,\" says Paula. Then she pulls out a picture of a special fishing rod  she had designed. \"There is a camera on the hook ,\" she explains, \"and the screen is on the handle, and it shows if you've caught a fish or not.\" Megan doesn't want to go to university. She keeps her pink-and -cream bedroom tidy. Paula is amazed and a bit confused by her daughter. \"Everything has to be in a certain order,\" Paula says. \"Her brothers and sisters go with the flow, but with Megan, it's 'What time will that be happening?' or 'Where am I being picked up from today?'\" \n Answer: The bracelet telling when to put on sunscreen",
            "output": [
                "What did Megan invent after she got sunburnt on vacation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b0281c8d8964e4980df0b8ac636821d",
            "input": "Article: Kincaid looked at his watch: eight-seventeen. The truck started on the second try, and he backed out, shifted gears, and moved slowly down the alley under hazy sun. Through the streets of Bellingham he went, heading south on Washington 11, running along the coast of Puget Sound for a few miles, then following the highway as it swung east a little before meeting U.S Route 20.                Turning into the sun, he began the long, winding drive through the Cascades. He liked this country and felt unstressed stopping now and then to make notes about interesting possibilities for future expeditions or to shoot what he called \"memory snapshots.\" The purpose of these causal photographs was to remind him of places he might want to visit again and approach more seriously. In later afternoon he turned north at Spokane, picking up U.S. Route 2, which would take him halfway across the northern United States to Duluth, Minnesota.               He wished for the thousandth time in his life that he had a dog, a golden retriever, maybe, for travels like this and to keep him company at home. But he was frequently away; overseas much of the time and it would not be fair to the animal. Still, he thought about it anyway. In a few years he would be getting too old for the hard fieldwork. \"I must get a dog then.\" He said to himself.                Drives like this always put him into a sentimental mood. The dog was part of it. Robert Kincaid was alone as it's possible to be--an only child, parents both dead, distant  s who had lost track of him and he of them, no close friends.               He thought about Marian. She had left him nine years ago after five years of marriage. He was fifty-two now, that would make her just under forty. Marian had dreams of becoming a musician, a folksinger. She knew all of the Weavers' songs and sang them pretty well in the coffeehouse of Seattle. When he was home in the old days, he drove her to the shows and sat in the audience while she sang.               His long absences--two or three months sometimes--were hard on the marriage. He knew that. She was aware of what he did when they decided to get married, and both of them had a vague(not clear) sense that it could all be handled somehow. It couldn't when he came from photographing a story in Iceland and, she was gone. The note read, \"Robert, it didn't work out, I left you the Harmony guitar. Stay in touch.\"               He didn't stay in touch, neither did she. He's signed the divorce papers when they arrived a year later and caught a plane for Australia the next day. She had asked for nothing except her freedom. \n Answer: Kincaid would have had a dog if he hadn't been away from home too much.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0b7e6d6b73594a14ac2b3a332a64d38b",
            "input": "Article: Australians have evidently realized the fact that water means life and we need to he more thoughtful in our use of this rather precious resource.Since the year 2000, Australians have managed to reduce their use of water by 14% . In the most populous city, Sydney, they've managed to use less water in 2007 than in 1974, even though the city grew by l. 2 million souls in this period. Across the country nearly 20% of all households have water tanks.That would probably be due, in large part, to the various state governments offering generous . In NSW, for example, where 24,000 households have taken up the offer, you can get $1,500 AUD back if you fix a 7,000 + litre tank and have it attached into your toilet and washing machine. Creywater use has taken off too. The Australian Bureau of Statistics suggest that it's now the second most common source of water in Australia, with over half of the country's homes reusing water from their washing machines, showers and baths. The state of Victoria leads with 70% using greywater, and Queensland, coming close behind with 63%. Up in the northern state of.Queensland, some of their dams have been below 20%. Sydney's main dam is only at 56% of its potential capacity. The country's ongoing drought  has seen more than 95% of the length of the Murray- Darling Basin ( the two major river systems that supply the nation's  'food basket' ) regarded as ' degraded',  Supply of water has become such an issue that hydro-electric power  output has dropped 7% in a recent 9 year period for the states of NSW, Victoria and Tasmania.Not good for promoting our uptake understanding of renewable energy in these climate changing times.But at least the message is getting through about making every drop count. \n Answer: The state of Victoria is playing a leading role in greywater use.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2198878c4757448c9734c4132e5f5412",
            "input": "Article: A public high school in the rural town of Boonsboro,Maryland,offers a special program recently. Top students in the ninth and tenth grades can attend single-sex classes for math,science,English and social studies. The aim is to help teenagers keep their mind on their work by keeping males and females apart. Rebecca Brown chooses the students for what Boonsboro High School calls the Academy. \"What we really want to do is take that top group of kids and take them to the very highest level they can achieve here,so that they're prepared for college,\" she said. They need high marks and test scores and strong teacher recommendations. They also need to be involved in activities. Michael Bair has been at Boonsboro High School for twenty years and directs the Academy. His ninth-grade English class for boys centers on books that he believes boys find interesting. \"The novels they're reading now,are very manly novels. They're novels that deal with the arrogance of man and the pride of man.\" One of those books,for example,is \"The Call of the Wild\" by Jack London. This classic story tells of a dog stolen from his home and sold to work as a sled dog in Canada's Klondike Gold Rush. On this day,the students are working in small groups. Vincent and Logan explain why they're drawing pictures that relate to the story. Vincent said,\"The main character,Buck,gets abducted , and they send him off to the Yukon in a train. So I'm drawing part of the story where he's in the train. It gets you to _ the setting of the story and gets you to think more about what's going on in the story,the important events of the story.\"\" Instead of just doing work sheets about it,this is a lot more fun,\" Logan added happily. Morgan Van Fleet likes being in the Academy. She says boys and girls act differently when they are together in a classroom. \"To me,it almost seems like it's hindering  your chances at developing yourself because you're more focused on 'Oh,I wish they'd shut up. Oh,what do they think of me?' instead of focusing on what's the homework or what's going on in this class,what's the lesson.\" \n Answer: To introduce.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95e02c930410413e869058346e6ea88a",
            "input": "Article: OLYMPIA, March 24--Luo Xuejuan, a swimming gold medalist at the Athens 2004 Olympic Games, became the first Chinese person to relay the Olympic Flame in Greece on Monday, receiving the flame from the first Olympic torchbearer , Greek Alexandros Nikolaidis. Despite her previous experience as a torchbearer in the Beijing leg of the Athens 2004 torch relay, Luo felt honored and proud of being chosen as the first Chinese torchbearer, the Xihua News Agency reported Luo as saying in an interview. She talked about the great responsibility that she felt, as she believed she was representing every Chinese athlete and even Chinese person by running her _ of the relay. Regarding missing the torch lighting ceremony because she had to be in an assigned location to wait for the flame, Luo felt no regret. \"Even though I couldn't see it, I was able to feel the flame light and knew that it was happening at a place nearby,\" she said. Luo expressed her belief that even if people couldn't communicate with words, the Olympic Flame enables the transmission of the Olympic spirit and brings smiles wherever it might go. In Luo's mind, the Olympic spirit represents purity, competition, friendship, enthusiasm, peace and harmony. \n Answer: The ceremony took place at a   place far away.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't Luo see the torch lighting ceremony?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a9d768c7a444e1f98f371caa44f565b",
            "input": "Article: BEIJING, June. 30(Xinhua)----There are ten times as many Chinese newspapers and magazines than there were 30 years ago. That's when the country adopted the reform and opening-up policy.        Figures from the General Administration of Press and Publication (GAPP)show there were 186 newspapers and 930 magazines in China in 1978. Today, the country has 2,081 newspapers and 9,363 different magazines.        In the meantime, official figures show China has some 600 publishing houses producing nearly 300,000 kinds of books. That's a dramatic increase from the 105 publishers of the past that produced only 10,000 different books.        Rapid economic development and universal education since China adopted the reform has helped fuel the need for more information sources.        Under the market economy, hundreds of publishing houses and newspapers have taken steps to restructure management systems into corporations listed on the stock market.        The legal system overseeing the news and publishing industries in China has also changed over the last three decades. Since 1990 a law and five relevant  regulations were adopted in 1990 to govern the sectors.       Since it started in 1993, digital publishing has  _ . Its industrial volume amounted to 20 billion yuan (2.93 billion U.S. dollars) in 2006. More than 500,000 kinds of digital books were produced last year alone in China, which is more than any other country in the world. \n Answer: China has more newspapers and magazines.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-21d87fd0ac0c4aa6b062af6f1a460d74",
            "input": "Article: \"He who can have patience can have what he wants,\" said Benjamin Franklin. They say patience is a virtue   seldom found in women and never in men. This may or may not be true, but it's fair to say that there is nobody on the earth who couldn't benefit from more patience. Patience is necessary for success. It is said that \"all good things come to those who wait\". Many of the great scientists have remarked that their scientific discoveries came only through patient perseverance  . Edison said, \"Genius was 99% perspiration and only 1% inspiration.\" Patience teaches us to value the effort and not just the success. It is a mistake to think that happiness can only be obtained through achievements. Patience brings peace of mind. When we desire certain outcomes  , we'll have no peace of mind. Even if one desire is filled, the nature of desire is that more will appear in its place. There is no end to human desires. Patience means we will work with an attitude of detachment  . Patience can transform suffering into joy. Throughout life we suffer injustice; the best healer is patience. Through being patient and accepting our situation, it's quite possible for our suffering to be transformed. Sri Chinmoy said, \"If failure has the strength to turn your life into bitterness itself, then patience has the strength to turn your life into the sweetest joy.\" \n Answer: Einstein's",
            "output": [
                "Whose saying supports the idea that patience makes a person joyful?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-efa0cee17d5443c88ee4e8c9ca0a6316",
            "input": "Article: The longest solar eclipse   of the century cast a wide shadow for several minutes over Asia and the Pacific Ocean on 22th July, drawing people outside to watch the sight in the sky. Day turned into night. Temperature turned cooler in cities and villages filled with fans of astronomy. The total eclipse could be seen starting in India on Wednesday morning and moving eastward across China and parts of the Pacific. Millions cast their eyes towards the heavens to catch an unusual view of the sun's colorful ring. Cloud in some areas prevented people from fully enjoying the sight. Still, many were frightened. The total eclipse occurs about twice a year as the moon passes between the earth and the sun on the same plane as earth's circle. The local astronomy society gave a flash on how an eclipse happens. Wednesday's event lasted up to more than six minutes in some places. In India, thousands bathed in the Ganges River in the Hindu holy city of Varanasi to clean their souls. It was sunny sky in Hong Kong for the eclipse, where students, parents and the elderly flooded in a primary school to watch. In Shanghai, children climbed up ladders to look through two large telescopes on the school roof to catch sight of the moon moving across the sun. Others looked through a pair of glasses covered with solar filter   paper, where they could take pictures of the moon moving over the sun. In some cultures, many old stories are about eclipse. In India, a eclipse was considered unfavorable. In Chinese tradition, there is a story about a heavenly dog eating the sun. As the story goes, people would make noise to frighten off the dog and save the sun. \n Answer: Not everyone in the world could see the longest eclipse.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the longest solar eclipse of the century?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e1b6500039da4c54abbec49a211a67cc",
            "input": "Article: Bottled water has become the choice for people who are healthy and thirsty. Bottled water is all over the world. But some say the planet's health, and people's health may be suffering from it. The idea that bottled water is safer for humans may not be true. The Natural Resources Defense Council of America said, \"There is no promise that because water comes out of a bottle, it is cleaner or safer than water from the tap.\" Another New York City-based action group added that some bottled water is \"really just tap water in a bottle--sometimes more clean, sometimes not.\" It is not proven that bottled water is better than tap water. Nick Reeves from the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management said, \"The high mineral content  of some bottled water makes them not good for feeding babies and young children.\" Also, most bottled water doesn't have fluoride , which can make teeth stronger. Kids are drinking more bottled water and less fluoridated tap water, and some say that's behind the recent rise in bad teeth. Storing is another problem. Placed near heat, the plastic bottles can produce bad chemicals  into the water. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, some 2.7 million tons of plastic are used worldwide to bottle water each year. The plastic can take between 400 and 1,000 years to break down. In terms of energy use, plastic bottles are also not cheap. One report said that if water and soft drink bottlers had used 10 percent recycled materials in their plastic bottles, they would have saved about 72 million gallons of gas. So, if you are worried about the effect of bottled water on the Earth, you can take the following steps. *Drink from your tap. Unless your government warns against this, it should be fine. *Get a container . Carry your tap water in a steel or a lined drinking container, and clean it between uses. *Keep it cool. Don't drink from a bottle that has been sitting in the sun, don't store it near chemicals, and don't reuse plastic bottles. *Choose glass containers over plastic if possible. When finished, recycle! \n Answer: Bottled water may not be as good as we think.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d88daf27fa4a434b9edae5f6521e5881",
            "input": "Article: Whether it is Mozart or Miley,your choice of music could determine whether you will perform well al your work. A new study suggests that listening to music in the office improves the speed and accuracy of tasks such as data entry,proof reading and problem solving. In an office-based experiment,88 pet cent of participants were found to produce their most accurate work when listening to music. The study also found that 81 per cent completed their fastest work when music was played. And it matters what type of music you listen to.For instance,if you're doing your tax returns,then classical music is the most effective as it improves maths skills. Listening to Jessie J or Justin Bieber could also improve your speed,with 58 per cent of participants completing data entry tasks faster while listening to pop songs. During proof-reading,dance music,such as David Guetta,had the biggest positive impact with participants increasing their speed by 20 per cent compared to tests undertaken with no music at a11. Dance music also had a positive effect on spell-checking with a 75 per cent pass rate compared to 68 percent when no music was played al a11. The research,undertaken by Brighton-based Mindlab International,suggests that silent offices may be the least productive. \"The music experiment showed that when listening to music,nine out of 10 people performed better,\"said Dr.David Lewis.Chairman of Mindlab International. \"Proper music enables people to quickly process and keep information,regulate their behaviors,make good choices,solve problems,plan and adjust to changing mental demands,\"a senior investigator of Mindlab International explains. \"While many schools are cutting music programs and spending more and more time on test preparation,our findings suggest that musical training may actually help to set up children for a better academic future.\"added D r.David Lewis. \n Answer: The positive relationship between music and efficiency.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6324df582d8b4a9a9f4eea9c99645739",
            "input": "Article: prefix = st1 /Indonesiais known as the country of islands. It has 17,508. But in recent years, the popular tourist destination has lost some of its shine.    Due to rising sea levels caused by global warming, 24 Indonesian islands have gone under the sea. Scientists say 2,000 more will disappear before 2030. In the past three years, the southeast Asian nation also witnessed its islands destroyed by a tsunami  and typhoons.    \"If no measures are taken to fight climate change, the beautiful islands will go forever.\" scientists told environmental ministers from about 190 countries at a UN climate change meeting.    This week they are meeting in Bali, an Indonesian islands. They are trying to reach a deal to cut the world's emissions  of CO2, which makes the earth warmer. Indonesia is not alone. This year has been more  _  hit the world.Canadaand US suffered heavy storms and typhoons, While Australians were caught in the heaviest drought in a century. In China, the average temperature this year went up by 1.2degC from last year, reaching the highest on record since 1951. From Jiangxi and Hunan in the south to Heilongjiang andJilinin the northeast , one -third of farmland has suffered from a drought. However, other parts of the country got too much rain. More than 700 people were killed in floods, landslides  and storms. \"These weather extreme are the more obvious effects of global warming,\" said Song Lianchun, a climate expert. Scientists say time is running out. To escape from the worst effects, global CO2 emissions need to be cut from the levels they were at in 2000 by 50 to 85 percent by 2050. But in recent years climate change talks have been bogged down by arguments over  who will pay the bill for cleaner technology. Developing countries are worried that the cut in emissions will slow their economic development. \"Chinawill play a responsible and constructive role in the meeting,\" said Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao. The nation is now the world's second largest greenhouse gas emitter  .\"However, developed nations should help developing nations deal with the global issue.\" \n Answer: Bad weather like floods, drought, and landslides happen in some countries.",
            "output": [
                "What does the phrase \"extreme weather\" mean in the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9c5893dbcb6b43dc927f912303de2d7e",
            "input": "Article: When we give our kids holiday gifts, many of us can't wait to hear their appreciative cries of\"thank you!\"once the wrapping gets ripped off. But here's a tip: You'd be wise not to expect much gratitude from them for what they receive. Gratitude can make us happier, healthier, and even fitter. But do the kids show their gratitude for the stuff we buy them? All the research I've done has convinced me that it won't happen. One mom told me that when she asked her 16-year-old son to thank her for buying him a cellphone, he said, \"But that's what moms should do.\" From a teenager's angle, it's a parent's responsibility to take care of the family. According to Dunham, Yale's assistant professor of psychology, \"When teenagers code it that way, a gift is no longer something given freely and voluntarily\"--it's just mom and dad living up to their obligation. Parents do have the right to demand good manners and children should thank sincerely whoever gives them something. But kids can't know how blessed they are unless they have a basis for comparison. And they don't learn that by a parent complaining that they're ungrateful. We need to give our children the gift of a wider world view. Show by example that gratitude isn't aboutstuff--which ultimately can't make any of us happy anyway.It's about realizing how lucky you are and paying your good fortune forward. You can collect all the charitable appeals and sit down together with the kids to go through them. You set the budget for giving and the kids decide how it's distributed. Once the conversation about gratitude gets started, it's much easier to continue all year. Also you can set up a family routine at bedtime where kids describe three things that have made them grateful. When kids go off to college, you can text them a picture each week of something that inspires your appreciation. Teaching children to focus on the positive and appreciate the good in their lives is perhaps the greatest gift we can give them. And we can all learn together that the things that really matter aren't on sale at a department store. \n Answer: They take their parents' gifts for granted.",
            "output": [
                "How do children respond when receiving gifts from their parents?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-27f2ae8b59304924aeefd47b4fc99d4f",
            "input": "Article: New research shows how kids' brains reorganize as they learn math. All the time you spent memorizing multiplication tables may have made you a better mathematician, according to a new study. A team of scientists from Stanford University, in California, have shown how the brain reorganizes itself as kids learn math. After a certain amount of time spent practicing math, kids can put away the calculator . They don't even need to count on their fingers. They simply know the answers to subtraction , addition, and multiplication facts. The quicker kids can recall basic math facts, the easier it is for them to solve more complicated math problems. The Stanford University researchers observed the brain activity of 28 students aged 7to 9 for the study. They took scans of the students' brains as the students solved math calculations without the help of a calculator, pen or paper. A calculation--three plus four equals seven, for example--flashed on a screen. The students pushed a button to say if the answer was right or wrong. The scientists also recorded the response speed, and what parts of the brain became active as the kids pushed the button. These observations showed a process called fact retrieval . Rather than using their fingers to count, or writing out answers on a piece of paper, the students pulled the answers from memory. It's as if the answers to basic math problems are kept in a long-term storage area in the brain, which was built from repetition. \"Experience really does matter,\" said Dr. Kathy Mann Koepeke. Children make the shift from counting to fact retrieval when they are 8 to 9 years old, the study shows. This is the time when most students are learning basic addition and subtraction. When kids have basic math facts memorized, the brain has more free space to learn more complicated math. This process has benefits for the future. The study shows as kids grow older, their answers rely more on memory and become quicker and more accurate. Less brain activity is devoted to counting. Some children make this shift quicker than others. \n Answer: They recorded the students' brain activities.",
            "output": [
                "What did the researchers do when students worked out the given problems?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-194cf483c7c048f2ac4db8956b7f99c6",
            "input": "Article: WASHINGTON (October 10, 2014) -- This year's Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to inventors of LEDs, now being used around the world. However, according to the International Energy Agency and the World Bank, more than a billion people in the world still do not have access to electricity. After sunset, most of them use candles or oil lamps. A company in the Netherlands is trying to change that with its products based on LEDs. When darkness falls, many kids in rural parts of Haiti, Rwanda, or refugee camps in Syria read or do their homework by candlelight or a kerosene -burning lamp. The open flames sometimes cause fires, while poisonous gases lead to respiratory problems. Portable electric light is safer, healthier and now, even cheaper. \"This is the first time that artificial light or solar LED is now less expensive than kerosene,\" said Camille van Gestel, head of a Dutch company called WakaWaka, over Skype. He added WakaWaka, which means \"Shine Bright\" in Swahili, is the most efficient solar-powered light and phone charger in the world today. When fully charged, it shines for up to 16 hours. It is affordable, sustainable, and its battery lasts for a long time. It can be set up on any flat surface, hung from a ceiling or set on top of a glass bottle. Van Gestel said his company operates like any other business, but some of the money made from selling its products is used to make WakaWaka lights affordable to poor people. He said the plan is supported by international non-government organizations. \"The International Rescue Committee was one of the first to actually take the WakaWaka power into Syria, to provide light and power for Syrian refugees, and now the WakaWaka is the most valued non-food item in Syria,\" said Van Gestel. In the past 24 months, the company has distributed around 300,000 units in places such as Syria, Hati, Rwanda, Indonesia and the Philippines. Its goal is to reach 1.2 billion people by 2030. \n Answer: It has to be charged frequently.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true with WakaWaka?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-68931c8975d74c1181700c358cd03ccc",
            "input": "Article: During my review for the medical boards, I gained 101 pounds in four months and promised to exercise when all of this was over. I successfully passed the medical boards and _ . One morning, I woke up and decided to go to a park to start working out. I got out of bed, washed my face, brushed my teeth and put on my sports shoes. Then I headed for the park. While going there, I decided to set a goal for myself, that, I had to finish 10 rounds before I went home. Upon reaching the park, I joined the people in walking around the park. I was enjoying every step, breathing in fresh air, appreciating the green grass and looking at the dried leaves falling from the trees while listening to my iPod. On my 5th round, I felt tired, hungry and thirsty. I thought of giving it up, going home and sleeping again. As the idea battled in my mind, I was reminded about the goal I had set just a while ago. I kept on walking and as I looked around, I saw myself in the midst of men and women much older than me who continued to move on. Some even suffered from a stroke  that had difficulty walking, some took on small steps with a cane on hand and some took on pauses before they continued their walk but still they kept on walking. Suddenly I realized that each of us has set our own goals in our lives, such as reaching a dream, building up a career, correcting a past mistake or starting a business. The process won't be easy. We may encounter  a lot of difficulties and obstacles that may push us to just give up. Amazed by the men and women whom I walked with that morning, I finished my goal in the end. Let us be inspired with the people around us who experience the same or even a greater amount of difficulty but still don't give up and continue until they reach their goals and now are savoring  their success. \n Answer: He planned to take exercises every day.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author do on his way to the park?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e2007dd5b17b4c37a2534e2c2fe39172",
            "input": "Article: English Conversation Leader: Mandi Ashmore english@ iwc-lausanne. org We meet on Mondays at 14:30 at the IWC clubhouse. We chat for about an hour and discuss everything. Mandi asks \"students\" to contact her on Monday to confirm the class as sometimes she needs to cancel for various reasons or occasionally she may choose to hold the class at a different venue  or at an earlier time for us to be able to have lunch together. French Conversation, Advanced Beginner Leader: Marielle Sulmoni frenchconvo@ iwc-lausanne. org I'm French (born in Bordeaux) and Swiss by marriage. I hold an advanced beginners' French conversation class on Tuesday afternoons from 14:30 16:00. We meet weekly at the clubhouse in a friendly atmosphere. I hope to help you use your knowledge of French, allowing you to speak with no fear of making mistakes, which in time will become fewer and fewer. French Language Lab, Beginner Leader: Maija Remlinger frenchlab@ iwc-lausanne. org The group meets on Thursday afternoons from 15:00-16:30 at the clubhouse. The first half of the class is devoted to reading out loud from the book \"Easy French Reader\", working on pronunciation and phrasing. During the second half, we listen to audio recordings from \"New French with Ease\" and work on oral comprehension. French Conversation, Advanced Leader: Juliette Brull french@ iwc-lausanne, org We meet every Tuesday at the IWC clubhouse from 9:30-11:00. Most of our time is devoted to very lively discussions about current events and various topics. We also read a book written by a French author and sometimes we see a French movie. \n Answer: To check the arrangement.",
            "output": [
                "Why are you advised to contact Mandi?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-30784a64ad3d4f7dbc7bdbeab4d84cbd",
            "input": "Article: Time and how we experience it have always puzzled us.Physicists have created fascinating theories, but their time is measured by a pendulum   and is not psychological time, which leaps with little regard to the clock or calendar.As some-one who understood the distinction observed, \" _  Psychologists have long noticed that larger units of time, such as months and years, fly on swifter wings as we age.They also note that the more time is structured with schedules and appointments, the more rapidly it seems to pass.For example, a day at the office flies compared with a day at the beach.Since most of us spend fewer days at the beach and more at the office as we age, an increase in structured tune could well be to blame for why time seems to speed up as we grow older. Expectation and familiarity also make time seem to flow more rapidly.Almost all of us have had the experience of driving somewhere we've never been before. Surrounded by unfamiliar scenery, with no real idea of when we'll arrive, we experience the trip as lasting a long time. But the return trip, although exactly as long, seems to take far less time. The _ of the outward journey has become routine. Thus taking a different route on occasions can often help slow the clock. When was become as identical as identical as beads on a string, they mix together, and even months become a single day. To counter this, try to find ways to interrupt the structure of your day--to stop time, so to speak. Learning something new is one of the ways to slow the passage of time. One of the reasons the days of our youth seems so full and long is that these are the days of learning and discovery. For many of us, learning ends when we leave school, but this doesn't have to be. \n Answer: Time is structured with too many appointments.",
            "output": [
                "Why do units of time fly faster as we grow older?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-788d22407c2148caa9031f551c104028",
            "input": "Article: I look in the mirror, and I'm not happy with what I see. I don't have a \"perfect\" face. I look in the magazines and all I see are girls with fair hair, blue eyes, and, of course, a pretty little nose. They're on the outside of the buses that I take home, the television programs I watch, and the billboards  I walk under. Almost every advertisement I see shows this human physical \"perfection\". These billboards not only tell me what to drink, but also how to look. Our society place more importance on a person's physical beauty, rather than their ability, honesty and character. We have influenced women to go through painful surgeries and starve themselves to become this society built physical model. To be a beautiful woman in the 21st century doesn't mean that you are a brilliant doctor or caring mother. It means you have the perfect jaw, eyes and lips. It means that you can be six feet tall and weigh one hundred and ten pounds. But what about the women who are starting to leave their youth? Instead of looking at aging as a sign of wisdom, we try to prevent the aging process . It's a kind of funny thing to want to look eighteen when fifty. Fifty is a relaxed age, when you can step back and look at all you've achieved (successfully complete something). It is when your hard work pays off. Unfortunately, our society just sees you as \"old\". To stop the aging process, women buy wrinkle  creams, do eye lifts and face lifts. They spend thousands of dollars to win the hopeless battle against age. I remember when I was about thirteen years old and going through teens, I had oily hair, and a half developed body. I hated the way I looked. I used to cry to my mother all the time, but she would just laugh and tell me that \"you don't want anyone to like your appearance. It's your heart that is important, because beauty fades. \" I knew that she was right. If you work on your heart enough, people will start to see the beauty in you, which lasts and remains on even after you die. \n Answer: It's a fruitful and wise time.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's attitude towards being \"old\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc61b06511624f84ab82f40389ef9aa0",
            "input": "Article: One day I was walking home along the street with my iPod on, when suddenly my headphones  were knocked off my head and a man threw his arm around my neck, saying \"Just be quiet.\" I was being attacked, and this man's arm was gripping   onto me! I started screaming and tried to pull him off me, but failed. He was forcing me to walk towards the back of an auto repair shop and he just kept saying: \"Be quiet.\" My mind froze with fear. Then I heard my great-grandmother's voice in my head. She was saying: \"Come on now, I know you are stronger than that!\" She was the rock in our family until she died four years ago. I have never had any self-defense  training, but I went for it--I let out a loud scream as I kicked my leg back into his shin ! He let go of me and I ran off. When I looked back to see if he was running after me, I saw he was running in the opposite direction. Then I ran like crazy to a nearby drugstore. I asked the girl at the counter for the phone and called my mom. She picked me up five minutes later and I explained what happened through sobs. \"I am calling the police!\" She exclaimed. When we got home, two officers were waiting for us and I told them what had happened. After my experience, I was afraid to do anything. Things slowly got better, but I still don't like anyone going near my neck. The fear isn't totally gone--after all, the guy is still out there somewhere. But I had a new understanding of my own strength. I never expected to be able to fight off an attacker. I am stronger than I realized. \n Answer: Her great-grandmother's words gave her the strength to defend herself.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author get rid of the man?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-12a7fadcac77497a965b3256bd7d639e",
            "input": "Article: It is obvious that doctors recognize obesity as a health problem. So why is it so hard for them to talk to their patients about it? The results of two surveys, one of primary care physicians and the other of patients, found that while most doctors want to help patients lose weight and think it is their responsibility to do so, they often don't know what to say. \"So while doctors may tell patients they are overweight, the conversation often ends there,\" said Christine C. Ferguson, director of the _ . \"Patients are not told about the possibility of diabetes  ,\" she said. \"And doctors don't feel they have good information to give. They felt that they didn't have adequate tools to address this problem. The lack of dialogue hurts patients, too. The patient survey, of over 1,000 adults, found that most overweight patients don't even know that they're too heavy. Only 39 percent of overweight people surveyed had ever been told by a health care provider that they were overweight. Of those who were told they were obese, 90 percent were also told by their doctors to lose weight, the survey found. In fact most have tried to lose weight and may have been successful in the past--and many are still trying, the survey found. And many understand that losing even a small amount of weight can have a positive impact on their health and reduce their risk of obesityrelated diseases like hypertension and diabetes. Dr. William Bestermann Jr., medical director of Holston Medical Group, in Kingsport, Tenn. , which ranks the 10th in obesity among metropolitan areas in the United States, said the dialogue had to be an ongoing one and could not be dropped after just one mention of the problem. \"If you're to be successful with helping your patients lose weight, you have to talk to them at actually every visit about their progress, and find something to encourage them and coach them,\" he said. He acknowledged that many doctors tend to be not optimistic. \"Part of this is that there's this common belief, and doctors are burdened by it, too, that overweight people are weak-willed and just don't have any willpower and are selfindulgent and all that business,\" he said. \"If you think that way, you're not going to spend time having a productive conversation.\" \n Answer: About 350.",
            "output": [
                "How many of the patients surveyed have been advised by their doctors to lose weight?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8965d71b6d1f4dca9728359feb56bb2b",
            "input": "Article: Americans have taken over from the Indians many things besides their continent! Where did corn, potatoes, tomatoes, chocolate and maple sugar come from? The Indians. Who invented moccasins, snowshoes and hammocks? The Indians! A list of the tools, plants, materials and designs we owe to the Indians would include hundreds of items. But there is something far more familiar, something that is always at hand. It is used daily by every American: a large vocabulary of Indian words. Potato, tomato, chocolate, moccasin and hammock came into English from Indian languages. So did cocoa, tobacco, maize (an Indian word for corn) and succotash. Some words have changed on the way. Potato, for example, comes from a word that sounds like \"batata\". Cocoa began as \"cacahuatl\".  Some meanings have also changed. The long Indian word from which succotash comes means \"something broken off in bits\". Indian women often varied their dishes by mixing bits of one food with another. White men who ate an Indian dish of mixed lima beans   and corn began using the Indian word to mean this particular mixture. Put on your moccasins and take a walk in the country. If it is a cold day and you wear a mackinaw, your jacket will be as Indian as your shoes. But mackinaw came from \"michilimackinac\", the Indian name of a place where a fort   served as a trading post. Bright-color1ed blankets or jackets bought at the post soon became known as \"mackinaws\".  Early white visitors to the continent found Indian words useful for the things new to them. But some Indian sounds, such as the \"tl\" at the end of many words, were hard to say. That is why \"coyotl\" became coyote and \"tomatle\" became tomato. Some words simply seemed too long. So, \"musickwautash\" became succotash and \"rockahominy\" became hominy. \n Answer: Rockahominy",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following has been changed for easier pronunciation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eda911b190bf4d25a2911d13928d7b94",
            "input": "Article: China's economy grows,salaries rise;and more city residents feel the need to hit the road in what has become a symbol of individuality and freedom--a car.China has a growing love affair with the car.This is clear at the Beijing Asian Games Village Automobile Exchange,where more and more people come to look and,increasingly,to buy. The Asian Games Village Automobile Exchange is the biggest car dealership inBeijing.General manager Guo Yong says the business sells more than 2,000 cars each week.Guo says it is much easier for Chinese consumers to buy a car now.Also,the emergence of less expensive domestic brands like Chery and BYD means more Chinese can afford cars. For decades,most Chinese city residents have got about by bicycle or public buses and trains.Now,in many areas,the number of new cars is growing faster than the road system,leaving city streets jammed with traffic. Guo Liang has wanted to buy a car for a decade,and he will be the first in his family to own one.He is not prevented by Beijing's traffic jams.Guo says if the traffic is too bad,he will use the ear for leisure or holidays with his family. World Bank transportation specialist Shomik Mendhiratta says a car is something people in any society would be eager to own.\"Getting a car makes people feel like they have arrived in the middle class.\"Mendhiratta said.\"It has got a huge status associated with it.It's a fantastic thing to have,if you have never had a car.A car gives you a mobility that's unbelievable.\" \n Answer: Opportunity.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following doesn't a car represent,according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-86283ea054c74c52a307b670720384b2",
            "input": "Article: Learn a Foreign Language Spend the time! The more time you spend with the language, the faster you will learn. This means listening, reading, writing, speaking, and studying words and phrases. This does not mean sitting in class looking out the window, nor listening to other students who do not speak well, nor getting explanations in your own language about how the language works. This means spending time enjoyably connected to the language you are learning. Listen and read every day! Listen wherever you are on your MP3 player. Read what you are listening to. Listen to and read things that you like, things that you can mostly understand, or even partly understand. If you keep listening and reading you will get used to the language. One hour of listening or reading is more effective than many hours of class time. Focus on words and phrases! Build up your vocabulary, you'll need lots. Start to notice words and how they come together as phrases. Learn these words and phrases through your listening and reading. Read online, using online dictionaries, and make your own vocabulary lists for review. Soon you will run into your new words and phrases elsewhere. Gradually you will be able to use them. Do not worry about how accurately you speak until you have  _ plenty of words through listening and reading. Take responsibility for your own learning! If you do not want to learn the language, you won't. If you do want to learn the language, take control. Choose content of interest, which you want to listen to and read. Seek out the words and phrases that you need to understand your listening and reading. Do not wait for someone else to show you the language, nor to tell you what to do. Discover the language by yourself, like a child growing up. Talk when you feel like it. Write when you feel like it. A teacher cannot teach you to become fluent, but you can learn to become fluent if you want to. Relax and enjoy yourself! Do not worry about what you cannot remember, or cannot yet understand, or cannot yet say. It does not matter. You are learning and improving. The language will gradually become clearer in your brain, just make sure you spend enough time with the language. That is the greatest guarantee of success. \n Answer: It's important to listen to and read things in order to get used to a foreign language.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d1055c4d5de4677945f1208b08e33e9",
            "input": "Article: The producer of a new Indonesian movie about President Obama's childhood years in Jakarta  is hoping that interested Americans will flock to see the film, Little Obama, in theatres across the country. Little Obama is the creation of Damien Dematra, an Indonesian writer and artist who has worked on the project since November when he was struck with the idea of writing about the time a young Obama lived in Jakarta with his mother and stepfather in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The film is based on a novel published in March Obama Anak Menteng, and focuses on the president's childhood friendships in Indonesia. The novel and the film are fictionalized(-) accounts of the president's time in Jakarta and are based on interviews with people who are childhood friends and neighbours of Mr. Obama. Many Indonesians share a deep pride about a man who spent part of his shaping years in the country and went on to become U.S. president. The film star is a 14-year-old Hasan Faruq Ali, an American who has lived in Indonesia with his family for about 10 years. Like the president, he is the son of a white mother and a black father. Since filming began, he has been under the shine of media attention. \"My whole life changed overnight,\" he says. The film, which was made on a budget of $1 million, won't get its first public screening until Wednesday, but ads for the movie on YouTube have got a few thousand hits. It isn't clear whether Little Obamawill get a U.S. release , but the film's producer says he is in talks with a U.S. distributor . \n Answer: Mr. Obama's friends when he was young in Indonesia.",
            "output": [
                "What is the film Damien Dematra produced mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4ba26537fe2a4100b9c1e0f71556fbff",
            "input": "Article: Architecture lovers in Washington do not have to travel far to see some of the world's most famous buildings. Architect Adam Reed Tucker has recreated fifteen of them using Lego bricks. The exhibit is called \"LEGO Architecture: Towering Ambition.\" It is at the National Building Museum in Washington until early September. Faith Lapidus has more. Lego bricks are small, color1ful plastic blocks. They can be snapped together to make any number of objects. They are popular with children of all ages around the world. Adam Reed Tucker calls himself an \"architectural artist\". He was a professional architect for ten years. After the terrorist attacks against the United States in two thousand one he decided to do something different. He wanted to express his feelings for the form of the skyscraper while deepening his understanding of architecture, engineering and construction. He chose to use something that most people used as children. Tucker does all his work by hand, using only pictures of the buildings. He does not use any computers or drawings to plan his buildings. While the exhibit is going on, Tucker will be working on his latest work, the White House where the American president lives. Visitors can watch him create the famous building brick by brick. After walking through Tucker's models, visitors can create their own works at the building station. They can make houses, office buildings, stores or factories. They can then place their models on a large map of a city. As more visitors come, the Lego city will grow. To many people, Legos might seem like toys for kids. But Adam Reed Tucker proves that  _ . To watch another Lego artist at work, go to 51voa.com and click on Captioned Videos. Lowry Baker came from McLean, Virginia, to see the exhibit. Baker said, \"When we saw the models, there were just amazing. As soon as my son got a look at all of the stations here, he wanted to start building. It's really a great set-up. It really encourages creativity on the kids' part.\" \n Answer: He was a professional architect for 10 year.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true about Adam Tucker?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73248b38789a4c3da75a0864159be2cc",
            "input": "Article: Some people are pessimistic when they think about the future. They say that, a hundred years from now, we will have used up most of the earths resources. We will have made our seas so dirty that we will not be able to eat fish from them. There will be so many people in the world that we will have to use all the countryside for housing; there will be no farmland left. Other people have a different idea about the future. In their view, the city of the future will be a huge pyramid-shaped  building, which will be floating on the surface of the sea. About 5,000 families will live there, and there will also be schools, shops in it. In a hundred years' time, people will not need to use oil. They will heat their homes with power from the sun. Think of space. Perhaps a station will be set up on the moon; people will be able to visit the moon as tourists. They may even spend their holidays in space, travelling from planet to planet. What an interesting picture! Many people don't think about the future. \"I don't care. I'll be dead. \"they say. But it is our duty to care because the world of a hundred years' time will be the world of our children's and their children after them. \n Answer: Three",
            "output": [
                "How many viewpoints are discussed here about the future?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9cff45cbdbf465091bb0e77d50e61c1",
            "input": "Article: Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to join in an exchange study program. The moment I arrived in Paris, I was greeted by a nice French couple who would become my host parents. The bit of French I had taken in high school began coming out of my mouth; speaking the language would only become more natural over the course of the term. At the airport, we all got into the couple's car and began the journey to their townhouse. We talked the whole way, getting to know one another. Every day afterwards, I would eat breakfast with the two of them, and then we'd all go our separate ways for the day. In the evening, my host mother would make delicious dinners for the three of us. My experience was exciting until I received some shocking news from my program coordinator : There had been a death in my host parents' family and they would have to go away for several weeks to deal with all the business that arises from the death. That afternoon, I had to move out of one family's house and into another. The coordinator told me I'd have a roommate and asked whether I would mind sharing a bedroom with an English speaker. To avoid speaking my native language, I asked not to be placed with an English-speaking roommate. When I got to my new room, I introduced myself to my new roommate Paolo, a Brazilian , the same age as I, whom I was surprised to find playing one of my favorite CDs on his computer! In just a few hours, we knew we'd be good friends for the rest of theterm. I left France with many stories, so when people ask me what my favorite part of the trip was, they always hear about my Brazilian friend Paolo and the weekdays in class, weeknights on the town, and weekends exploring France we enjoyed together. I would recommend an exchange program to anyone who wants to experience foreign cultures and gain meaningful friendships. \n Answer: He studied in France for a term.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-904eebddd4b947b589e0cbe056f8a5bf",
            "input": "Article: How to be Prepared Electricity, water, gas and telephone may not be working after an earthquake. The police and fire department are likely to be tied up. You should be prepared to take care of yourself for at least three days, preferably for a week. This list can also be applied to other disasters, such as floods or wildfires. 1. food and water (a gallon a day per person) 2. a first aid kit 3. a fire extinguisher suitable for all types of fires 4. flashlights, a portable radio extra batteries 5. blankets, clothes, shoes and money (ATMs may not work) 6. baby and pet food It's also a good idea to decide beforehand how and where your family will reunite if separated during a quake and to conduct in-home practice drills. During an Earthquake If you are indoors, stay there. Get under and hold onto a desk or table, or stand against an interior wall. Stay away from exterior walls, glass, heavy furniture, and stay away from windows and outside walls and do not use the elevator. If you are outside, get into the open, stay into the open, stay away from buildings, power lines or anything else that could fall on you. If you are driving, move the car out of traffic and stop, avoid parking under or on bridges or overpasses, Try to get clear of trees, light posts, signs and power lines. If you are in a crowded public place, avoid panicking and do not rush for the exit. Stay low and cover your head and neck with your hands and arms. After an Earthquake If the phone is working, only use it in case of emergency. Likewise, avoid driving if possible to keep the streets clear for emergency vehicles. Be aware that items may fall out of cupboards or closets when the door is opened, and also that chimneys can be weakened and fall with touch. Check for cracks and damage to the roof and foundation of your home. Listen to the radio for important information and instructions. Remember that _ , sometimes large enough to cause damage in their own right, generally follow large quakes. If you leave home, leave a message telling friends and family your location. \n Answer: Creditcard",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following items is unnecessary to prepare before an earthquake?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-732b9e06951d4e16b655a8776a38a8c5",
            "input": "Article: Dear Economist, My newly-wedded wife and I are deeply in love.There is, however, one issue that threatens the happiness of our marriage.I absolutely insist on shopping at Walmart.My wife, meanwhile, would rather avoid Walmart at all costs. I have recently tried to convince her that not only does Walmart offer the lowest prices known to man, but that the chain is also a force for good--lower prices mean better standards of living for all consumers, increased global trade means a tighter-knit  international community, and efficient operations translate into higher productivity growth for the economy.My wife complains about poor labour policies, the \"fact\" that Walmart squeezes suppliers, and that it puts local shops out of business. Who is right? Will our marriage survive? Brian Gee Dear Brian, I have to agree with you about Walmart.Jason Furman, then an economist at New York University, now an adviser to President Obama, famously argued in 2005 that Walmart was unwittingly   a progressive success story.The chain's prices don't much affect me (I prefer Whole Foods) but Furman estimated that they benefited low-and-middle-income Americans to the sum of around $250 billion a year. Walmart does not pay much, so it may depress wages.Then again, it may increase wages by offering jobs to the otherwise-unemployed.Either way, the benefits of low prices to Walmart shoppers far outweigh any seemingly reasonable costs to Walmart employees.And while it is true that Walmart employees tend to be poor, the same is true of Walmart shoppers. Armed with this information you can face your wife with confidence.You are sure to win the conversation.The divorce is likely to be more argued. Economist \n Answer: They are in conflict about shopping at Walmart.",
            "output": [
                "What concerns Brian Gee so much that he wrote the letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0bc0b22ebbd54ae2965e7f88753c0ac7",
            "input": "Article: With the release of the Annual Report on the Development of Chinese Returnees, concerns regarding the cost of studying abroad and the future benefits are rising among both students and parents. According to the report, it takes most overseas returnees at least five years to earn back their study abroad costs. Whether it is worth the investment made to obtain a foreign degree has always been an issue concerning the growing trend of studying abroad in recent years. In order to find out if studying abroad is still a worthwhile investment, 21st Century talked to experts in related fields. More students are returning after studying abroad Despite the heated debates about the value of overseas study, there has been a steady increase in the number of students going abroad.   According to the Chinese Ministry of Education, the number of Chinese students who studied abroad increased by 17. 7 percent from 2011 to 2012. A total of 399 , 600 Chinese students went to study abroad last year. The US is certainly benefiting from Chinese students' ambition to study abroad: according to the US-based Institute of International Education's Open Doors 2013 report, which provides detailed data on student flows into and out of the US, during the 2012/13 academic year, Chinese student enrollments( ,) increased by 21. 4 percent to more than 235,000. Similarly, the number of overseas returnees is surging, especially since 2008 when developed countries were greatly affected by the economic crisis. In 2009, the number of returnees, for the first time, broke through 100,000 and this has increased at an annual rate of about 50 percent ever since. Various reasons contribute to this growing trend, with family issues believed to be the primary one. According to Wang Huiyao, the report's author, most students are only children and tend to depend on their parents. Besides, the economic situation in China has boosted returnees' confidence in a future career at home. Surging cost Accompanying the increase in the number of students leaving and returning to China is the increase in the study abroad costs. According to the Open Doors 2013 report, international students pay an average of 135,000 yuan per year to attend a public university in the US, a 3. 1 percent increase on the previous year. \n Answer: The expense and the benefit of studying abroad.",
            "output": [
                "What are the students and parents becoming more and more concerned about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e4a358eecb034ccd93771a896e0c2993",
            "input": "Article: \"If we can set it up so you can't unlock your phone unless you've got the right fingerprint ,\" Barack Obama asked last Tuesday, \"why can't we do the same thing for our guns?\" For this reasonable-sounding question, the president was praised throughout the media. As it happens, though, there is a good answer to this question: there is no market for guns that work just some of the time. Guns are simple things designed to operate as easily and reliably as possible. The introduction of electronics eats away this simplicity, and to a degree that is absolutely unacceptable to the consumer. As President Obama well knows, the fingerprint software on his phone works rather _ : Often it takes a user two or three tries to log in; occasionally, it falls asleep deeply and obeys the password. When this happens on an phone, the user is mildly inconvenienced. If this were to happen on a gun, the user would be dead. There is a reason that modern smartphones put the camera function outside of the authentication  process. How could we possibly think that guns are the same as other commercial products? It is true that, say, cars have become considerably safer over the last few decades; true, too, that \"research\" has contributed to this improvement. But it matters enormously that a car is not intended to hurt people, and that in a perfect world nobody would ever be injured by one. Can we say the same of guns? Of course not. Guns are killing machines, designed to do damage to living things. In fact, they have no other purpose. As such, the salient  question before any free people is not \"are guns dangerous?\" they are, but \"who gets them, and why?\" This is not to say that nothing at all can be done to improve public safety. On an individual level, gun owners should do everything to ensure that their guns are kept away from children, and, where possible, they should train themselves in case they are ever called upon to shoot in anger. At the national level, the combination of better policing and economic growth can help to reduce crime--and, indeed, it has. In 1993, gun crime was more than twice as common as it is now, and there were fewer guns in circulation. Unpleasant as it is in its own right, that we have reached the point at which two-thirds of all guns-related deaths are deliberately self-inflicted   is a small victory. How to deal with those deaths that remain? That is a tricky one. I do not know the answer, and nor, frankly, does anybody else. But selling fantasies to the ignorant is not going to cut it. \n Answer: The idea of smart guns is not realistic.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer mainly argue in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dae298999e08451a9563086b0e6bf26b",
            "input": "Article: Have you heard of the term \"tweenager\" ? It's a new word being used in the UK to describe children at about 10-12 years old.Why are the media suddenly referring to kids in this way?  Well , more and more companies are beginning to create products and services for tweenagers.The Disney company sells the Hannah Montana television show,music,films and products to tweenagers and their parents.You can get everything from branded lunchboxes and cellphones,to fan magazines and clothing.The High School Musical series of films is also intended for a tweenage audience.So,it's all about sales,which tells us tweenagers must have more money,freedom and influence upon their parents than  _ have ever had before. Most children in the UK today get more pocket money than kids did a decade ago.In spite of the credit trouble, parents have more money to give than previously, since parents are having fewer children on average than in the past. addition, divorce rate in the UK is continually rising and In the parents spend less time with their children than they used to.So,many parents are under constant pressure from commercial marketers and the requests of their children. You may wonder how tweenagers have more freedom than previous generations.Well,UK children today are very good at using media and computers.A lot of them have a television,if not a computer,in their bedrooms.They have access to much more information about life and the world.They may have experienced a lot in life as well,since 25% of UK children live in single -parent families.People now say that\"kids are getting older younger\" .With such sophistication  at such a young age,it's no wonder that tweenagers are able to influence their parents. UK tweenagers never used to be worried about spending money on fashionable clothes. That's changed.Now,they are concerned about the fashions and their images.In a world of television programs that promise overnight success and fame at a young age,some people think it' s very important to look fashionable. Such ideas are also promoted by both Hannah Montana story, in which a tweenage girl suddenly becomes a world-famous pop star,and the High School Musical story,in which tweenagers go through various auditions for musicals and talent shows. \n Answer: There are fewer children in a British family.",
            "output": [
                "Why are UK children given more pocket money than before?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-31a936dc13bc4b43b4cccae7879631f8",
            "input": "Article: When many people see birds cleaning their feathers, . But, in reality, what they are doing is maintaining their wings, the instruments that they depend on for safe flight. If a bird's wings are not in perfect condition, the bird either won't be able to fly or won't be able to control its flight. That is why after a long flight and even throughout the day, you will see them cleaning their feathers. Most birds, if they get a chance, will take a bath at least once a day. They do this to get rid of the dust that has accumulated in their feathers throughout their flight s during the day. In dry or desert areas, birds will not always be able to find water in which to bath, but they still need to clean their feathers. What many birds will do is to take dust baths. They will roll around in dust until it covers their feathers. They will stand up, shaking the dust out, and then clean their feathers with their beaks   as usual. Baths are important for another reason. During the course of the day and night, many parasites   are attracted to birds. Bugs, mites, fleas and so on will try to reach birds and suck from their blood. Daily baths help to keep the parasites to a minimum. Some birds, especially those that spend a lot of time in or around water, have skin glands   that produce oil. After bathing, these birds will squeeze the glands to spread the oil over their wings to keep them free of water. If you are a bird lover and have bird houses in your yard, it can be good to go to the extra step, providing a bird bath. Once the birds in your neighborhood discover it, you will be surprised at how popular it becomes as they periodically stop by to take their daily bath. \n Answer: What bird lovers should do.",
            "output": [
                "What's the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-326d0b9087404bf9aeccf92aa21c5f3e",
            "input": "Article: Topping the class academically was certainly an advantage. For Nigel, studying was a piece of cake. The reward was certainly much bigger compared to the little effort Nigel had made. It all began when he was selected to help the teachers in the computer laboratories. And the peak of his school career came not when he topped the class but when he was selected for the nationwide competition.  Unlike everyone else, Nigel wanted to join in the contest because he liked playing with the Lego sets  and making something out of them. Nigel spent two months building his robot. It was during the time that Nigel found out about the big prize for the competition as well as a competitive rival , Alicia, from a neighboring school. His early intentions were forgotten. Getting the thousand-dollar prize was more important than anything else. Nigel decided to make friends with Alicia. Unaware of his intentions, she told him all about the robot that she had been building for the competition. He even helped her to put the finishing touches  to her robot. He was glad with the way things had progressed. His robot looked even better than Alicia's and it was able to play a ball with its arm, something Alicia had failed to do.  On the day of the competition, he saw Alicia. Everything became clear the minute she saw him among the competitors. She stared at him, puzzled at first, then angry and finally a look of helplessness came over her.  The flashbulbs   of the camera exploded in Nigel's face. The robot had performed actions so unique and different that the specialists' judgments were the same. Nigel was so pleased with himself that he did not even notice the girl standing a few feet away from him. Without her, he would never have won the competition. \n Answer: He helped in the computer laboratories.",
            "output": [
                "What reward did Nigel receive for doing well in his school work?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-39aaaaa2cf9b4b509fa7059ed8b82473",
            "input": "Article: Are you an early riser or a night owl? Researchers from Aachen University in Germany believe that about 10 percent of people can be classified as \"morning people\", who feel more active and function best in the morning.Around 20 percent are night owls--people who naturally tend to stay up late and are more tired during the day.And the rest of us fall somewhere in between, according to New Scientist. Previous studies have suggested that early risers are more likely to be happy and healthy while night owls experience worse sleep as well as more depression and anxiety during the day. For a long time, scientists have been trying to find out what causes the differences between the two.A new study suggests that it isn't just people's habits--early risers and night owls actually have different brain structures. Led by Jessica Rosenberg at Aachen University, researchers scanned the brains of 16 early risers, 23 night owls and 20 people with intermediate sleeping hours.They found that the brains of night owls had less \"white matter\"--which speeds up the transmission  of nerve signals -- in brain areas associated with depression. As you know, after people fly in an airplane from one time zone to another, they often suffer from a confused and tired feeling called \"jet lag\" because their body clocks are out of sync  with the new time zone.It usually takes about a week for their bodies to adjust to the new time.But night owls always have difficulty syncing their bodies to the right time due to their brain structure.\"It's like they suffer from permanent jet lag,\" said Rosenberg. The good news is that it is possible for night owls to turn themselves into morning people.According to the researchers, night owls should try to spend as much time in the sunlight as possible and reduce their exposure to artificial light at night to force their body clocks to shift to a more normal rhythm. \n Answer: Why early risers are happier and healthier than night owls.",
            "output": [
                "What does the article mainly discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e0cd0ace834549d3af86fecbfaff6bd0",
            "input": "Article: There is more to tourism in Britain than you might think. When you think of tourist sites in Britain, what do you think of? Big Ben and the Tower of London? Lock Ness? Shakespeare's birthplace at Strafford-upon-Avon? There are many famous tourist attractions in the UK and they attract millions of visitors each year. But along with the famous names there are thousands of other interesting places that are only open to the public for a few days each year. Heritage Open Days takes place each September and lets the public visit places that would normally be out of bounds. Among the thousands of historic sites there are castles and factories, town halls and churches. Here we look at some of the places that most tourists might not know about. Roman Baths --- Chester These Roman baths are almost two thousand years old and a fascinating insight into the history of the city but they aren't often open to visitors because they are under a clothes shop and a shop that sells baked potatoes! In Open Days week, visitors can go downstairs to the basement of the shops and find a little piece of history. Tennis Club --- Birmingham Edgbaston Tennis Club opened in 1860 and is the oldest tennis club in the world. Visitors can see the club's collection of tennis clothes and equipment and learn about the game's rich history. Ardman Animation --- Bristol The studios that produced the famous Wallace and Gromit animated films open its doors to the public to let people find out more about how the films are made. Paddock Wood --- Kent A family house where some of the rooms are unchanged since the 1920s. The home's owner, Sarah Hamilton, is happy to open her doors to the public, saying \"I'm passionate about history and I love taking to people.\" These are just a few of the thousands of places to visit each year. If you're visiting Britain in September ---- look out for Open Days! \n Answer: In a basement of two shops.",
            "output": [
                "Where is the Roman Baths --- Chester?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-53ef86ce2aa743bd90e5ab7029fe490a",
            "input": "Article: Sea turtles come in many different sizes, shapes and colors. The shell of each sea turtle species is different in length, color, shape and the arrangement of the scales . Sea turtles do not have teeth but use their jaws  to eat. Their sense of smell is excellent. Their eyesight underwater is good, but they have _ out of water. Their special bodies make them adapt to life at sea. However, sea turtles maintain  close ties to land. Female sea turtles have to go to the seaside to lay their eggs in the sand; therefore, all baby sea turtles begin their lives on land. Most research on sea turtles has been focused on female turtles nesting and the baby sea turtles in the nest, largely because they can be found most easily. After decades of studying sea turtles, much has been learned about. However, many mysteries  still remain. Researchers do not yet know how long baby turtles spend in the open sea, or exactly where they go. People believe they spend their earliest years floating in the sea, where they do little more than eat and grow. Once turtles reach dinner-plate size, they appear at feeding grounds in waters near the shore. They grow slowly and take between 15 and 50 years to grow old enough to bear baby sea turtles, depending on the species. There is no way to know the age of a sea turtle from its physical appearance. It is believed that some species can live for over 100 years. \n Answer: Different species have different shells.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true about sea turtles?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-45144b00c438430f944c11afedce73ba",
            "input": "Article: THELANDLORD Mrs Gloria Black of 6 Sutton Road,Cambridge CB5 7AQ THE TENANTMarinaKahn PROPERTY 24a WoodRoad, CambridgeCB2 8BG TOGETHER WITH CONTENTS (fixtures, furniture and equipment) specified in the inventory (attached) TERMfrom 1 st January 20 _ to 31 st December20 _ (12months) RENTPS500 per calendarmonth, payablein advance onthefirst day of eachmonth DEPOSITPS500, payable on commencement ofthis Agreement AGREEMENTS A     The Landlord may re-enter the Property and terminate this Agreement if the Rent or any part ofit is not paidwithinfourteen daysafterit becomes due. B     The Landlord may bring the tenancyto an end at anytime before the expiry of the Term (but not earlier than six months from the Commencement Date of this Contract) by giving the Tenant not less than twomonths' written notice starting that the Landlord requires possession ofthe Property. C      The Landlord shall put the deposit with the Deposit Protection Service, and shall inform the Tenant within 14 days of taking the deposit of the contact details of this service and details of how to apply fortherelease of the deposit from thisservice. TENANT'SOBLIGATIONS 1       Pay the RentintotheLandlord's bank account at thetimes specified. 2       Pay for all water, gas and electricity consumed on the Property during the Term; and pay infull for all chargesmadeforthe use of telephone on the Property duringthe Term. 3       Keeptheinterior of the Property duringthe Term in a goodand clean stateofrepair,condition and decoration. 4       Permit the Landlord to enter the Property at all reasonable times; to inspect the Property andits contents; and to carry out any works of maintenance or repair to the Property; to show prospective new Tenantsaroundthe Property at the end of thetenancy. 5       Not takeinany paying guest without the priorwritten consent oftheLandlord. 6       Not use the Property other than as a private dwelling; nor carry on any profession, trade or businessinthe Property. 7       Not use anymusical instrument, wireless or television between midnight and 7 am, nor permit any singing or dancing betweenthesehours. 8       Not keep in the Property any cat, dog or other pet without the prior written consent of theLandlord. SIGNATURES Tenant:Name(print):MARINA KAHN                  Signed:Marina KahnWitnessed by: Name(print): _ LICE RACE                                                                                         Signed: _  RACEOccupation:  _ ONDARY SCHOOL TEACHER Address:  _  School House Lane,Cambridge, CB2 8GH Tenant:Name(print): _ ORIA BLACKSigned:  _ loria Black Witnessed by: Name(print): _ IVE LYDIA LEESigned: _  LeeOccupation:  _ rarianAddress:  _ dhead Road, Peterborough PB48DU \n Answer: PS500.",
            "output": [
                "What'sthemonthly rent ofthe property?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b41032c0cfa480998ea1fafc2731d9f",
            "input": "Article: I am not just a successful architect . I also like to play the piano. In my spare time I often turn some dry musical symbols into beautiful music. Many years ago, while I was in a university studying architecture, I worked in a workshop. During the break I found an old piano in the corner of the room. With the allowance of the boss I sat down to have a try. Following my fingers the keys danced brilliantly and at the same time beautiful music flew out and then to every part of the room. All my workmates suddenly stopped talking and made their ears ready for my music. After graduation, I began to devote myself to my profession. All my musical talent was wasted into zero. Then one evening we went to a concert at which Mr. Stevenson, one of the ordinary workers in my company, sang us some beautiful songs. His musical talents made us all surprised. We all enjoyed ourselves with his beautiful voice so much that we even thought him a professional singer. I was also reminded of my musical talent. I began to train in a training center. My teacher was strict with me. He encouraged me to train every weekend and each time he asked me to play better than the last. Now I can proudly say I am also a successful pianist because every time I played on the stage fresh flowers and warm clapping would come from my audience. So I say, my friends, don't busy yourself with your work too much. Find some time to develop your potential talent  and your life will become more wonderful. \n Answer: He played music.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author do in his spare time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-611abd468b6c43ce9165961454845add",
            "input": "Article: MIANYANG--At a corner of the city's Jiuzhou Stadium, one of the biggest camps set up for those left homeless in the earthquake, 62-year-old Liu Yaorong was leaning against a window on Thursday. Pointing to a quilt and clothes he received from the local government, he said: \"These are all I have. My home collapsed in the quake, and everything in the town was flooded.\" He used to live in Xuanping town of Beichuan county which was destroyed by the quake. Adding to his _ , rivers blocked by landslides  led to flooding in the town. But Liu said he was lucky because he was healthy, otherwise he would not have the energy to walk 10 hours on damaged and dangerous mountainous roads to escape the flood on Monday. He said the trip used to take him about 90 minutes when the roads were in good condition. The journey was difficult and \"rocks kept falling,\" he said, showing injured legs and black, split toenails. Liu said his three sons were working in eastern cities as migrant workers. \"I've been living alone in the mountains for more than 20 years. My wife died 30 years ago,\" he said in a low voice. During his journey to Mianyang, Liu said he saw many elderly people who chose to stay. \"Soldiers were persuading them to leave for fear of floods,\" he said. Talking about his home before the quake struck, Liu's mood lifted. \"I raised pigs and chickens, and grew vegetables. I could have rice, meat and greens almost every day,\" he said. \"But now, I have only biscuits and instant noodles.\" Liu said one of his sons returned home from Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, after the quake, but left because the father refused to go with him. \"I don't want to leave home. And I know it is difficult for them out there. How could I add to their burden?\" he asked, his eyes red. \"I still want to go back to my home. Given a small piece of land, I could live by myself.\" It is learnt that resettlement plans for displaced people have not been finalized. However, not every elderly person is as strong-willed as Liu. Psychologists said the elderly need as much comfort as children. Lu Jianguo, a psychologist from Chengdu Medical College, said \"We will first let them cry and tell their stories, and then help them regain confidence.\" \n Answer: Liu Yaorong spent 8.5 hours more than usual covering the roads in escaping the flood.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2cc8c2d0c4df4ecea6ae613911b5e9ef",
            "input": "Article: Imperial College London Tanaka Business School 10 New Professors, Readers, Senior Lecturers or Lecturers Imperial College is among the top ten universities of the world, according to the 2008 Times Higher Education. Having doubled its size in the last 4 years and hired world--class scholars during that period, Imperial's Tanaka Business School wishes to make a further 10 academic appointments in its drive to become a leading research--led business school.Only applicants who have published in top international magazines will be considered.Excellent ones from any field of management are welcome, but the school particularly wishes to appoint in the fields of marketing, technology management and healthcare. International salaries will be offered. An application form and further details may be downloaded from www.imperial.ac.uk/tanaka (About Us, job opportunities). An application form, 2 of your best papers should be sent to tbs.applications@imperial.ac.uk. First review of application will be on 2 April 2009. \n Answer: To make Imperial College among the top 10 universities of the world.",
            "output": [
                "Why are 10 appointments to be made?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5fc20b72e8f946bf81077506a48a7612",
            "input": "Article: Former South African President Nelson Mandela who was treated for a recurring   lung infection, dies on Dec. 5th, 2013, at the age of 95. People around the world are mourning the loss of the country's first black president. He was often called humble, charming, loyal person and a man who cared about others. \"He seemed to have that special charismatic  personality,\" said Herman Cohen, U.S. assistant secretary of state for Africa from 1989 to 1993. \"He became the symbol in the fight against _ .\" Mandela was born on July 18, 1918. As a young man he became active in the anti-apartheid movement and joined the African National Congress, or ANC, in the 1940s. The white-led government banned the ANC in 1960, but the group continued to operate secretly. Mandela became head of the group's new military wing, coordinating a sabotage campaign against South African military and government targets. In 1962, he was arrested and put on trial for his actions and sentenced to life in prison on Robben Island off the coast of Cape Town. He spent 18 years there, refusing a government offer to release him if he would renounce the ANC's armed struggle. But he was freed in 1990 after South African President Frederik de Klerk legalized all political parties and discharged most political prisoners. Shortly after his release, Mandela was elected president of the African National Congress. And in 1994, when the ANC won South Africa's first all-race elections, he was inaugurated   as the county's first black president at age 75. \"Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another,\" he said. President Mandela said he would stay for only one five-year term. Cohen says Mandela earned international respect for South Africa's national reconciliation. \"Mandela devoted himself mainly to rallying the Africans to this new era to work on economic development, having good education, also he was very much of a spokesman on the international scene.\" he said. In 1993, Mandela shared the Nobel Peace Prize with his once bitter enemy F.W. de Klerk for their contribution to the peace process in South Africa. After receiving the award, Mandela praised the South African people. \"All have created a society which recognizes that all people are born equal,\" he said. In a country torn apart by years of racial conflict, Nelson Mandela is considered a remarkable leader -- a man who turned South Africa away from violence and hatred into a country of greater peace and understanding. \n Answer: 28 years",
            "output": [
                "How long was Nelson Mandela sent to prison?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6001028c14944399b3ed953a6f09d7ed",
            "input": "Article: I was watching Sports center last night when one of those \"human interest\" stories came on and really caught my attention.  The story was about a 27-year-old professional Bass Fisherman named Clay Dyer. At first, they played it off as another guy trying to make the cut on the Bass master tour until they showed a picture of him. No legs, no arm, or rather, he has only 1/3 of his right arm. That's all that he has.  It was such an amazing story that I was wondering what this guy could do. Growing up, he learned to play baseball and basketball, but found that fishing was his true calling. And he does it all on his own. He holds the fishing pole under his chin and uses that and his stub   arm to cast and reel in  the fish. He uses his teeth to help him unhook fish. He ties his own hooks or lures on with his mouth, never really asking anyone else to help. Clay Dyer even knows how to swim. Since his body can't produce enough sweat on its own, he has to take a dip in the lake every few hours to keep cool. He dives in just like anyone else, then somehow treads water  with his stub arm, then, with a little help, pulls himself back up into the boat and goes on fishing.  Clay Dyer has never looked for others' pity, nor has he allowed his physical disabilities to prevent him from becoming a professional fisherman. His motto for life is \"If I can, you can.\" He refuses to use special equipment, saying, \"I want to do it with one hand the way they do it with two.\" \n Answer: He thought that Dyer could do nothing.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author become interested in Clay Dyer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c194e811ce874f40b091525354d0a138",
            "input": "Article: Nowadays, there is a heated debate on whether pollutants should be cleaned in the air. Cleaning up the air, while good for our lungs, could make global warming worse. And the pollutants still go up around the air, along with carbon dioxide. These pollutants are called aerosols   and they include soot as well as mixtures of nitrogen  and sulfur  and other stuff into the air. Natalie Mahowald, a climate researcher at Cornell University, says so far, scientists have mostly tried to understand what those aerosols do while they're actually in the air. \"There are so many different kinds of aerosols,\" she says. \"Some warm and some cool. But in fact, humans are giving out a lot of extra aerosols, and they tend to cool for the most part.\" The aerosols reflect sunlight back into space, or keep us cool. But it turns out that's not all they do. These aerosols also influence how much carbon dioxide gets drawn out of the air by plants on land and in the sea. \"They can add nutrients, for example, to the oceans or to the land,\" Mahowald says. \"But also while they're in the atmosphere they can change the climate, and thus that also can influence the amount of carbon, the land or the ocean can take up. So there are quite a few different ways that aerosols can act on each other.\" Mahowald's results suggest that reducing those pollutants could be an even bigger problem than realized, when you consider that aerosols help remove carbon dioxide from the air by encouraging plant growth. Hard numbers on this effect are highly uncertain at the moment, but this could turn out to be quite significant. And studying it is not easy because the effects aren't well understood. For example, nitrogen can be a fertilizer  , but it can stop plant growing when nitrogen comes out of the air in acid form.  Right now it seems like we're much more likely to clean up aerosol pollution, while increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. So scientists, unfortunately, may have a chance to see whether this experiment on our planet should continue or not. \n Answer: Aerosols caninfluence each other in various ways.",
            "output": [
                "What is Natalie Mahowald's opinion on those aerosols?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-781bae5b76e44fadb90f0743e7f1c31c",
            "input": "Article: Whitney Houston, who died on February 11, 2012 in Beverly Hills, California, is being remembered across the globe as a trailblazer . Among all of Houston's outstanding achievements, including a total of more than 400 career a wards , her most significant achievement was her record-setting string of seven Number One singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . It broke the previous record of six set by The Bee Gees and The Beatles. The string began on October 26 , 1985 with her Grammy-winning hit \"Saving All My Love For You,\" and ended on April 23, 1988 with her R&B ballad \"Where Do Broken Hearts Go.\" It was the fourth single from her album\"Whitney\"to go to Number One, also a record for a female artist. She sold more than 170 million albums worldwide and co-produced and recorded songs for one of the best-selling soundtracks of all time,The Bodyguard. Whitney Houston was born the daughter of famed gospel singer Cissy Houston in Newak , New Jersey. Dionne Warwick was her cousin and Aretha Franklin her godmother. She began as a gospel singer and pianist in her mother's church and sometimes performed alongside her in nightclubs. At age 15 , Whitney sang backup on Chaka Khan's \"I'm Every Woman,\" a tune she later performed on The Bodyguard soundtrack. Whitney signed with Arista in 1983 and released her self-titied debut album two years later. The New York Times called her first effort, \"an impressive, musically conservative showcase for an exceptional vocal talent .\" She continued to achieve similar praise for subsequent albums, while her fast-growing fan base put her into the world-class entertainer. In 1998, she released her most musically-diverse album to date, \"My Love Is Your Love.\" The title track became her third best-selling single ever. The past 10 years were filled with highs and lows. While Whitney's contract at Arista Records was renewed for $100 million, album sales began to slide. Her 14-year marriage to singer Bobby Brown ended in 2007 , she canceled concerts and interviews , and accusation arose of drug abuse. Her final album \"I Look To you,\" sold more than two million copies and reached the Number One spot in 2009. \n Answer: Her record-setting string of seven Number One singles.",
            "output": [
                "What's Whitney Houston's most outstanding achievements?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-603587520ec94b808edac820c719bc14",
            "input": "Article: Most American schools have boys and girls in the same classroom. But a public high school in the small, rural town of Boonsboro, Maryland, offers a special program called the Academy. Top students in the ninth and tenth grades can attend single-sex classes for math, science, English and social studies. The aim is to help teenagers keep their mind on their work by keeping males and females apart. What they really want to do is take that top group of kids and take them to the very highest level they can achieve there, so that they're prepared for college. Students are invited to enter this program after they finish middle school, and placement in the Academy is voluntary. However, they need high marks and test scores and strong teacher recommendations. They also need to be involved in activities. Almost 350 students have taken part in the Academy. It began as an experiment in 2010. Michael Bair has been at Boonsboro High for twenty years and directs the Academy. His ninth-grade English class for boys centers on books that he believes boys find interesting. He says that the novels the students are reading now are very manly   novels. These novels deal with the arrogance   of man and the pride of man which finally leads to man's downfall. One of those books, for example, is The Call of the Wild by Jack London. This classic story tells of a dog stolen from his home and sold to work as a sled dog in Canada's Klondike Gold Rush. Morgan Fleet, a senior at Boonsboro High, likes being in the Academy. She says boys and girls act differently when they are together in a classroom. She believes this difference seems to prevent her from developing herself because she's more focused on thoughts like \"Oh, I wish they would shut up. Oh, what do they think of me?'' instead of focusing on \"What's the homework? What's going on in this class? What's the lesson?\". There is one activity that girls and boys in the Academy do together. At the end of the day, many of them stay and help tutor students who are having trouble in school. \n Answer: To help students concentrate on study.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the Academy program?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c3ad1b613644950819a157dbb485275",
            "input": "Article: Every year,there have been the Christmas specials for almost every sitcom and cartoon,which nod in sincerity towards the holiday season.Since Charles Schultz,the American cartoonist who created Charlie Brown and Snoopy,first got his hit on the holiday with A Charlie Brown Christmas in 1965.characters from television and comic books have tried on the Christmas clothes. This year,Fox has brought out its new\"lce Age\":A Mammoth Christmas,which was first shown on Thanksgiving day.The \"Ice Age\"films,which began in 2002,with a fourth feature for 2012,have been successful.one thing many fans would love the film is that they can have a chance to spend more time with the memorable animal characters from the series:Manny,Diego,and Sid.The film.tells the story of the birth of the Christmas tree,Santa'S deer,his sleigh and other things.     It is also a\"Christmas Must Be Saved\" story and a\"You Must Believe\"story.Like the other\"Ice Age\" films,it involves a dangerous journey and time is found to cause sufferings to the poor little squirrel,Scrat. Christmas has been tied on to\"Ice Age\"like antlers on to a dog.In fact,the film-makers  behind A Mammoth Christmas have spent most of their time working on the film itself rath--er than its Christmas special.It feels as if someone had merely made a list of tllings associated with the holiday. However,Sid,the series'most likable character,is a high point of the film.In the film,he's still got his silliness,enthusiasm and useful amusing shape.Whatever else is happening,the filmmakers make Sid reliably funny. \n Answer: He made the first Christmas special.",
            "output": [
                "What Can we learn about Charles Schultz?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4588438148b44ac2a11aa04e7188c27d",
            "input": "Article: The week after Jane's birthday, Barbara and Mary were away. Jane decided to have a late birthday party. She telephoned several friends. She asked some to bring records, some to bring food and others to bring something to drink. She rang another friend to see if she could borrow his record player. She herself bought some food and drink to get the party going. She took up all the carpets   so that they could dance. She did not know whether Barbara and Mary would have approved  , but as long as she was careful, she was sure that they would not mind. She warned the two people in the flat above and invited them down.  \"Oh, \" said Jane, surprised. \"What's all this about? \" The first guests arrived soon after eight. The music was soon playing loudly and they started dancing. Some of Jane's friends brought other friends with them. As more and more people arrived,the noise increased. People started shouting at each other, so they turned the music up. This made it more difficult to hear each other above the music, so they shouted more loudly. At half past ten the bell rang. \"Turn down the music!\" someone shouted. \"Someone probably called the police.\" When Jane opened the door, there was a policeman standing there. She started to apologize, \"I'm sorry about all the noise, officer. But you see, it was my birthday last week and I'm having a party.\" \"Never mind about that, miss. We're here because of something much more important.\" \"Well, there's been a report of burglary  . We think the thief may have come to your party, pretending to be a friend of someone here. \" \n Answer: After her birthday.",
            "output": [
                "When did Jane have the party?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2abb9abd926f445f904faebe7578e796",
            "input": "Article: National Family Week-an event that encourages families to spend more time together-carried out a study among 8-15 yearolds.The study found 40% of girls thought Facebook was one of the most important things in their lives-compared with 6% of boys.Parents were found to underestimate   the importance of Internet technology. The role of social networking was particularly important in families with a single mother as parent.The survey was carried out last month and based on 3,000 parents and 1,000 children across the UK. The survey shows that girls are using social networking as something central to their social and family life.Girls saw websites such as Facebook as much more influential   than television,magazines, famous people and even their own brothers and sisters.Asked to name the three most important things in their lives, the most popular choices for girls were friends, family and then Facebook and MSN. Girls are also more likely to believe that technology-in the form of social networking and mobile phones-plays an important role in their lives.While 41% of girls think technology is one of their biggest influences,only 17% of boys believe this. Girls see their big influences as parents,teachers and technology,while boys choose parents,friends and school as their big influences.The survey says that parents have failed to keep up with their children's use of technology,overestimating     their own importance in their children's lives. The survey also looked at how children thought about their relationships with their parents.It found that both boys and girls would much rather have stories read to them by their mothers.However,girls felt closer to their fathers,while boys felt closer to their mothers. \n Answer: 4,000.",
            "output": [
                "How many people were included in the survey last month?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d9592bc143f47208c57d90e0b8a4c4c",
            "input": "Article: A mum saved her daughter's life with her newly learned first aid skills. Sonya Hall, 33, of Denny Avenue, Lancaster, had only just attended one first aid class the day before when she found herself needing to use the skills on her three years old daughter Tilly.               Sonya, who also has son Emmen, six, attended the first aid course at Lune Park Children's Centre in Lancaster. Then she was faced with every parent's worst nightmare when Tilly went blue in the face and stopped breathing. But thanks to her newly acquired skills, Sonya saved Tilly's life.               Sonya said: \"Tilly was playing with her brother and they were fighting over a toy. Emmen won the fight. Tilly fell backwards and her head was hit. She was face down and shaking and at first I thought she was upset. But then I saw she was blue in the face and had stopped breathing. I reacted without thinking and immediately started using the first aid skills I had learned the day before which were so fresh in my mind. I began doing mouth-to-mouth and chest compressions  . It probably took about a minute before Tilly started breathing again, but to me it felt like a lifetime.\"               After getting Tilly breathing again, Sonya called an ambulance and the doctors came. Since then, Tilly has been diagnosed   with Reflex Anoxic Seizure  . Sonya said: \"The seizure can happen when there's any unexpected pain, fear or fright. It is just so lucky that the day before it happened, I had been practising first aid.\"               The Empowering Parents First Aid course is run by Lancashire Adult Learning. Sonya said: \"I am just so glad I did the course and learnt the first aid skills. I always feared I would not know what to do in a crisis situation, but luckily I had the knowledge and skills to deal with it.\" \n Answer: She fell on the floor and hit her head.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to Tilly?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-051c0bc5b34b4057a87274801e6295b1",
            "input": "Article: Driving to the airport in the early morning, I felt excited. Although I was heading abroad for my first time alone, I felt cheerful and enthusiastic. I was spending the summer in Paris. While looking for more interesting things to do besides sleeping and eating, I found programs for learning languages abroad, and jumped at the chance to study French in this city known for its art, fashion, food, and culture. As I arrived at the airport where I would leave my family, I still felt only great happiness. I excitedly made my way through security, leaving my loved ones behind. My connecting flight was in Frankfurt, Germany, 14hours from Denver. Sitting in a crowded plane watching bad movies couldn't dampen my excitement. When the woman next to me asked me where I was going, I happily answered and was pleased to note a tone of jealousy in her response. But when I arrived in Frankfurt, fear and anxiety began to set in. Being in an enormous, busy building in a country where I couldn't speak the language was frightening, but as I found my way, I gained confidence. When I boarded the second plane and discovered that the flight was less than an hour, I was filled with excitement as I thought of how I would manage in a country with a new language. When I stepped on the ground of Pairs for the first time, I was extremely happy and excited. I gathered my bags and joined the crowd of people waiting for friends and family. I quickly had my first experience trying to communicate in a language that I had only practiced in school. As I left the airport, I looked for familiar monuments I had read about, but the landscape looked very ordinary. Then,with one sharp turn, the Eiffel Tower came into view, and I was finally in Pairs. \n Answer: The writer flew to Paris via another country.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is True according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-754701f283a9471c9207e62a32ae39c7",
            "input": "Article: Contrary to many people believe, highly intelligent children are not necessarily certain to achieve academic success. In fact, so-called gifted students may fail to do well because they are unusually smart. Ensuring that a gifted child reaches his or her potential requires an understanding of what can go wrong and how to satisfy the unusual learning requirements of extremely bright young people. One common problem gifted kids face is that they, and those around them, place too much importance on being smart. Such an emphasis can encourage a belief that bright people do not have to work hard to do well. Although smart kids may not need to work hard in the lower grades, when the work is easy, they may struggle and perform poorly when the work gets harder because they do not make the effort to learn. If the academic achievement of highly intelligent children remains below average for an extended period, many teachers will fail to recognize their potential. As a result, such students may not get the encouragement they need, further depressing their desire to learn. They may fall far behind in their schoolwork and even develop behavior problems. IQ is just one element among many in the recipe for success--Children develop well or struggle in school for a host of reasons apart from IQ. These include motivation and persistence, social competence, and the support of family, educators and friends.  Because highly gifted children solve the most varied thought problems faster and more thoroughly than those with more average talents do, they need additional intellectual stimulation while they wait for the rest of the kids to learn the basics. Two central approaches are used to satisfy the educational needs of such children: acceleration and enrichment. Acceleration means studying material that is part of the standard subjects for older students. Enrichment involves learning information that falls outside the usual subjects. A child might skip one or more grades as a way of accelerating in school. But being with older children for the entire school day--and perhaps for grade-based extracurricular activities such as sports--can make a child feel inferior in every filed outside of academics. One very bright fourth-grader who had skipped two grades remained far ahead of his classmates intellectually, but as his classmates reached adolescence, his social and other shortcomings became painfully apparent. While acceleration is not an option, or not a good one, enrichment can be. After all, school is not a race but an adventure in learning. As such, the goal is not finishing first but absorbing as much knowledge as possible in the time assigned. Thus, providing opportunities for a child to study topics outside the regular subjects can be at least as valuable as pushing him or her through the required material faster. \n Answer: Too much emphasis on being intelligent.",
            "output": [
                "What is the basic reason for the low academic achievement of highly intelligent children?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d18589b5febc429382a536838c20a129",
            "input": "Article: The 1950s and 60s brought many new things to American offices, including the Xerox machine  , word processing and -- perhaps less famously -- the first National Secretaries Day, in 1952. Secretaries of that era expected a bright future, and many saw their job as a ticket to a better life.    But nearly 60 years later, on the date now promoted as Administrative Professionals Day, we 're living through the end of a recession   in which around two million secretaries lost their jobs after bosses discovered they could handle their calendars and travel arrangements online, and found their assistants unnecessary. Clearly, technological advances haven't made things turn out quite the way those mid-century futurists imagined. 'New technologies did make the lives of 20th-century secretaries easier. But even from the start, the relationship between secretaries and technology was fraught. As early as 1966, with the introduction of the first computerized word-processing system, secretaries were worrying that  machines could, replace them. Coffee has long been a flash point for emotions about the differences between service and servility  in offices . In the 1970s, when the second wave of feminism   began to change the traditional relationship of male boss and female secretary , more than one secretary was fired for refusing to make , fetch or serve coffee .In Los Angeles, in 1973, one secretary , Leona Pendleton, was fired for being \"unqualified , and failing to obey instructions \" after refusing to make coffee . This sort of thing still happens today . It's interesting to note that strengthening their positions as being important indicators of social status has often been one way secretaries have tried to keep themselves from being dismissed.. After all these years , a human being still needs to plug in Mr. Coffee and deliver his output . But that won't save an assistant's job from the stomach of computerization . Secretaries can only hope that bosses won't take the human in question for granted , a sign that not everyone will be celebrating this Administrative Professionals Day. \n Answer: Whether secretaries have a good future nowadays.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main topic of the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5bf677016e68474bbe9761ffd254247d",
            "input": "Article: Dear Mr Rupp, The day I met you was the first day of high school. We liked each other immediately. You gave me a lot of advice over the next four years, like how I should get my ass to Berkeley where I belonged. I'm still there, by the way. I wish you were still around, too. I remember your laugh, which would start with a rough guffaw  and end with a hacking smoker's cough that would make even the most rebellious   teenager swear to lay off the cigarettes. I remember the way you didn't lower your standards, yet still refused to give up on us. You were tough on us, and we were tough on you. Love is tough sometimes. The last time I wrote you a letter, it was 2005---four years after I graduated. I had just become a teacher, like you, and it had given me a new appreciation for the work you did with countless high school students over the years. It's hard to say what I'll miss the most about you. There are simply too many memories to sort through those four years, and it hurts to think you'll never read this letter. I want to believe that you knew how much you meant to your family, your students, your community, and your colleagues, but that would be a lot of realization to handle, even for you. You changed the lives of everyone around you. Even now, you are reminding me to cherish life and its brevity and beauty, and to tell the people I love how much they mean to me before it is too late. Dear teacher, dear mentor, and dear friend----I miss you and all that is about you. God bless you in Heaven.                                                        To infinity and beyond,                                                        Teresea \n Answer: In 1997",
            "output": [
                "When did the author meet her teacher---Mr Rupp?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6cefe184a1e6441a989b078c2e35bc87",
            "input": "Article: I recently read about a wonderful act of kindness. It is about the country singer, Jan Howard, and it happened in the mid 1950s. You can read about it in her autobiography , Sunshine and Shadow. She suffered a lot with her three children, two of whom were babies. She was forced to leave her husband because he didn't care about the family. At one point she suffered a nervous breakdown due to his cruel and uncaring behavior.      She took her children with her and decided to leave their home, but didn't know her destination. This all took place in a small town in Kansas, called Frontenac. She had very little gas in the tank and no money at all and she didn't even manage to make it out of Frontenac. As she used up the gas she got into a panic . She then went to a house, not knowing the owner. She \"put her pride in her pocket\" and went to the door.       After she explained her situation to an old lady who answered the door, the lady asked her husband to help Jan carry the children into the house. These kind people allowed her to stay for two weeks until she received some money in the mail from a  . They fed and cared for Jan and her children. This is one of the most exciting acts of kindness I have ever come across in my fifty years. These angels were named Henry and Sarah and they would always be warmly remembered by me for what they did for Jan and her children. \n Answer: The difficulties Jan met.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bacd005a945741f48acbecc79c8f45b0",
            "input": "Article: Master painter Zhang Daqian (1899-1983) was well known for having a large number of friends and students. Among them, painter Li Qiujun was special. They got to know each other through Li's elder brother, who was one of Zhang's best friends. They admired each other's artistic talent and became _ , which resulted in a romantic relationship. In 1948, Zhang produced Spring Clouds Amid Autumn Landscape, a mountain-and-water ink painting featuring gongbi (meticulous brushwork), as a gift for Li's 50th birthday. A year later, Zhang permanently departed from the mainland, and traveled and exhibited around the world before settling down in Taipei in 1976. After leaving the mainland, he often said that he missed Li, who died in Shanghai in 1973. Spring Clouds Amid Autumn Landscape will be auctioned in Hong Kong on Oct 4. The painting not only marks a friendship between the two painters, but it deserves special attention because it shows Zhang at the top of his game as he sought to master the mountain-and-water style, according to C.K. Cheung, head of Sotheby's Chinese painting department. Sotheby's will auction the work at its major autumn sale, which runs from Oct 1 to 5. Cheung says the painting's composition and Zhang's attention to details reflect his incorporation of traditional touches, especially from Song Dynasty (960-1279) paintings, while also developing his own style. \n Answer: 75",
            "output": [
                "How old was Li Qiujun when she died?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-603d43895ee742f4bc7213dfd10b97c9",
            "input": "Article: 1. The Wright Brothers, by David McCullough Another must-read for history fans, McCullough tells the story of Orville and Wilbur Wright, the brothers who taught the world how to fly. Drawing on all types of historical data -- from personal diaries and scrapbooks, to thousands of private letters of family letters -- we get a close look at the actual personalities behind one of the most influential moments in history. 2. The Wonder Garden, by Lauren Acampora This novel is really a collection of several interwoven stories of people living in the rich Connecticut suburbs. From tales of an elderly artist to a young mother to a woman whose husband just behaves carelessly, The Wonder Garden gives us an unforgettable reminder that there's often so much we don't know about what happens with our neighbors behind closed doors. 3. Between You & Me: Confessions of a Comma Queen, by Mary Norris Does someone mistaking who for whom make your blood boil? Do you want to throw a dictionary at someone for mistaking sit for cite? Enter Between You & Me. Mary Norris brings her experience working in The New Yorker's copy department to eager grammar fans in this laugh-out-loud book that looks at some of the most common spelling, punctuation, and usage problems in the English language. 4. My Struggle: Book Four, by Karl Ove Knausgaard My Struggle is a six-volume autobiographical novel that follows the life of Karl Ove Knausgaard, a Norwegian father of three. In Book Four, he writes of his decision at the age of 18 to move to a fisherman's village in the far north of the Arctic circle to work as a school teacher. It's there that he struggles with love, alcoholism, and becoming loved by one of his students. \n Answer: Nature of the characters.",
            "output": [
                "What does the book The Wright brothers focus on?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bfc3c423be9f4d62ab8cbbc89809f986",
            "input": "Article: If \"I love you\" are the three nicest words in the English language, then \"just in case\" must be the three most annoying. They are often followed by \"you never know...\" suggesting a whole bundle of horrors if you don't go along with the \"just in case\" idea. The first \"just in case\" you heard was probably from your mother. Do you remember \"Always make sure your underwear is clean. Just in case\"? You'd ask \"In case of what?\" and she'd say, \"You never know...\" If you kept asking she would finally say the ominous words. \"You could be in an accident.\" Through most of you school years, besides books, pens, etc... you carried around a heavy sweater, sunscreen, and a rain coat, just in case it got cold, or hot, or it rained. Thanks to Mom, \"just in case\" ruled your life. It was the same with Halloween candy. \"Don't eat in until Mom or Dad can check it out, just in case.\" \"In case of what?\" you'd say. \"You never know.\" \"Know what?\" And then it came -  _ . which ensured you would end up letting Mom and Dad eat all your candy. Simply because they loved you so much and wanted to protect you from harm. \"There could be poison in it.\" As we get older the habit has become so deep-rooted that we force it on ourselves. We leave for the airport to catch our Flight half an hour before the aircraft leave its previous location, just in case the traffic is bad. \"Just in case\". The phrase is so much a part of our lives. I'm going to print up this article now, but I'll also save it onto my hard drive, just in case my computer crashes. I'll also save it on a disc, and just in case the disc gets damaged I'll save it on my flash drive. Well...you never know. Thanks a lot, Mom! \n Answer: Positive.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author's attitude towards the three words \"just in case\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c1ba9a3fcbc456494e996ed78aead7e",
            "input": "Article: A Chinese actor's divorce from his wife, over her alleged extramarital affair, has social media buzzing, with posts about the subject gaining over five billion views. Wang Baoqiang announced online on Sunday that he was divorcing his wife, Ma Rong, and sacking his agent, Song Zhe. He alleged that his marriage broke down after his wife had an affair with his agent, and that she had also transferred the couple's joint assets. Ma has hit back at Wang, accusing him of abandoning their family. The topic has sparked a debate about relationships and divorce. It seems Wang's situation has struck a chord with many - which could explain the number of views, which are high even by Chinese standards. The divorce quickly became a top trending topic in China. According to micro blog Sina Weibo, posts with the hashtag \"Wang BaoQiang Divorce\" have been viewed over five billion times. Chinese netizens seem to have rallied around Wang, with topics like \"Wang Don't Cry\" \"Wang We Support You\", quickly trending after news of the divorce spread. Statistics by Weibo showed that 47% of netizens' posts condemned Ma for her affair, saying it had shattered her family.  But why are they so interested? what is it about this one that's got all of China ruffled up? Some people feel that this divorce seems to fit a certain trope - of a beautiful but ordinary girl marrying a rich but less good-looking man. It is not uncommon to hear the belief that a couple has to \"match\" at every level - be it in status, or physical appearance - for a relationship to work out. Wang and Ma's split has many people wondering if uneven matches are unlikely to succeed. A lot of social media discussion has also centred around divorce, and in particular how people can protect themselves. Wang has alleged that his wife transferred and hid some of the couple's assets. They're a wealthy couple - their assets, according to Chinese media, include nine flats, a BMW car and various luxury goods. As a result, people are debating the importance of protecting individual assets, even after marriage. \n Answer: He wanted to protect himself and individual assets.",
            "output": [
                "What is the possible reason why Wang Baoqiang wanted a divorce?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-be9e7ca485884dba9daf9cfba4e7d1d3",
            "input": "Article: Many people think the search for cleaner energy leads only to renewable resources like sun, wind and water. But it also leads to a fossil fuel. Natural gas is considered the cleanest of the fossil fuels, the fuels created by plant and animal remains over millions of years.  Burning it releases fewer pollutants than oil or coal. The gas is mainly methane . It produces half the carbon dioxide of other fossil fuels. So it may help cut the production of carbon gases linked to climate change.  Russia is first in what are called \"proved reserves\" of natural gas. The United States is sixth. Over the years, big oil and gas companies recovered much of the easily reached supplies of gas in America. They drilled straight down into formations where gas collects. As these supplies were used up, big drillers looked for similar formations in other countries.  But now the industry is taking a new look. Companies are developing gas supplies trapped in shale rock two to three thousand meters underground. They drill down to the shale , then go sideways and inject high-pressure water, sand or other material into the rock. This causes the rock to break, or fracture, releasing the gas. Huge fields of gas shale are believed to lie under the Appalachian Mountains, Michigan and the south-central states.  Gas shale exploration is being done mainly by small to medium sized companies. Eric Potter is a program director in the Bureau of Economic Geology at the University of Texas at Austin.  ERIC POTTER: \"The types of opportunities that are left for natural gas exploration in the U.S. have changed. So it's a different class of resource -- not as easy to develop, and not even recognized as something worth pursuing, say, twenty years ago.\"  He says more than half the gas in the United States is now coming from these new reserves.  But hydraulic fracturing can also produce debate and anger over the risk of groundwater pollution. This method of drilling is not federally supervised under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Some in Congress want to end that exemption  from the law.  Natural gas provides Americans with about one-fourth of their energy. And, unlike oil, most of it is produced in America. Gas producers invested heavily in reaching new supplies when prices were high. But prices are down sharply now because the recession  cut demand for energy. So energy expert Eric Potter says it is too early to know how the new gas shale reserves will affect the market. \n Answer: Using fossil fuels may help change the climate.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE about fossil fuels?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ee29f6223d394ab88d698a00182dcbb1",
            "input": "Article: What would it take to persuade you to exercise? A desire to lose weight or improve your figure? To keep you away from diseases? To live to a healthy old age? You'd think any of those reasons would be enough to get Americans exercising. Yet a vast majority of Americans have thus far failed to swallow the \"exercise pill\". Now a research by psychologists strongly suggests it's time to think of current well-being and happiness as motivators for exercise instead of future health, weight loss and body image. Dr. Segar, one of the researchers, believes that immediate rewards are more motivating than distant ones. \"People who say they exercise for the quality of life exercise more over the course of a year than those who say they value exercise for its health benefits.\" He said. ' Other studies have shown that what keeps people moving depends on age, sex and life circumstances. For those of college age, physical attractiveness typically heads the list of reasons to begin exercising, although what keeps them going seems to be the stress relief that a regular exercise program provides. The elderly, on the other hand, may get started because of health concerns. But often what keeps them exercising are the friendships and sense of community that may otherwise be missing from their lives. Improving daily well-being is the most influential factor for the women. Men indicate they are motivated by more distant health benefits, but this may be because men feel less comfortable discussing their mental health needs. \"Exercise should be encouraged but the emphasis on weight loss, disease prevention and healthy aging should be reduced.\" Dr. Segar concluded. \"Exercise can make people feel more energetic, less stressed and, yes, happier.\" \n Answer: Mark, who is suffering from a serious illness.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following persons may exercise more in a year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac950280f396458d917aa56f26a57b98",
            "input": "Article: As the new semester begins,millions of college students across the country are trying hard to remember how best to write a paper-or,more likely,how best to delay that paper.  _ is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it.They can spend whole days in the library doing nothing but staring into space,eating snacks,surfing the Internet,watching videos and looking at their pretty peers sitting around them,who,most likely,are doing nothing either. Paralyzed by their habit to procrastinate,they write micro blogs about their fears,asking their online friends if they sometimes have the same issue.But this does nothing to solve their problems. According to a recent report by the BBC,95 percent of us procrastinate at some point and 20 percent of the world's population are procrastinators,complicating their lives with their continual delaying of tasks. Procrastinators like to find excuses to justify their behavior,but BBC columnist Rowan Pelling says they are all wrong.Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure.Pelling says this is nonsense,as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time. She says the behavior of procrastinators often makes them feel flustered and ashamed,inconveniences others,and annoys loved ones. Fortunately,social seientists have made tireless efforts to understand this behavioral shortcoming and offer strategies to control it.Piers Steel,a Canadian social scientist and author of The Procrastination Equation,believes humankind is\"designed\"to procrastinate.Nevertheless,he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand. The first one is obvious:Break the task down into small pieces and work your way through them methodically. The second is clever:Give a trusted friend a sum of money and tell them that if you don't complete the task you have undertaken by a specific time,they can keep it or donate it to a cause you hate. \n Answer: 20%of the procrastinators make their life complicated.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f826175c890c430baba2db02035a6aa8",
            "input": "Article: The old lady got up early to be ready for the post.Although she seldom received letters or parcels,today she was sure there would be something.Myra wouldn't forget her mother's birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times.Of course Myra was busy.Her husband had been made Mayor, and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged. The old lady was eighty today.She had put on her best dress.Perhaps Myra might come.The old lady was sure of that.Two spots of color brightened her cheeks.She was excited--like a child.She would enjoy her day. Mrs. Morrison,a social worker,had brought a card and a bunch of flowers when she came to do the breakfast.Mrs. Grant downstairs had made a cake.The little boy from the ground floor,Johnnie,had been up with a packet of candies,and offered to help her fetch the post. \"I guess you'll get lots and lots of presents,\"he said,I did last week when l was six.\" What would she like ? A pair of slippers,a table lamp,a book or a little clock.So many lovely things. She stood by the window,watching.The postman turned round the corner on his bicycle.Her heart beat fast.Johnnie had seen him too and ran to the gate.And then he gave her four envelopes.Three were unsealed cards from old friends.The fourth was sealed,in Myra's writing. \"No parcel,Johnnie?\" \"No,granny.\" Maybe the parcel was too large to come by letter post.That was _ .It would come later by parcel post.She must be patient. But disappointment flooded her.She tore the envelope open unwillingly.A cheque fell to the floor like a bird with a broken, wing.Slowly the old lady bent to pick it up.With trembling fingers she tore it into little bits. \n Answer: charity",
            "output": [
                "What kind of work did Myra probably take?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bedcd5b6cfce4126b1f1b147a8626e3f",
            "input": "Article: What's on stage An acrobatic   show: To celebrate its 50th anniversary, the China Acrobatic Troupe   will present \"The Soul of China\", where the seemingly impossible is made real. Chills  will run down your spine   as you watch breathlessly as performers take their art and their bodies to the edge. Time: 7: 30 p. m., September 13-19     Place: Capital Theatre, 22 Wangfujing Dajie, Dongcheng District Exhibitions     Joint Show: A group ink painting exhibition is running at the Huangshicheng Art Gallery in Beijing. About 50 works by 25 young artists including Ge Yun and Yu Yang are on display. Time :9:00 a.m. -5:00 p.m. until September 10     Place:prefix = st1 /HuangshichengArtGallery, 136 Nanchizi Dajie, Dongcheng District     Oil paintings:The Wanfung Art Gallery will host a joint show of oil painting by 10 young and middle-aged artists. On display are, more than 30 of their latest works, which capture the wondrous variety of life in unique styles.     Time:9:00 a. m. - 4:00 p. m. until September 15     Place:136 Nanchizi Street, Dongcheng District     Literature museum: The National Museum of Modern Chinese Literature offers an in-depth study of the evolution   of Chinese contemporary literature from 1919 to 1949.     Time: 9:00 a.m.- 4:00 p.m., daily     Place: 45 Anyuan Donglu, Chaoyang District (Shaoyaoju area) Concert     Beijing rocks: \"The Fashion Night of Chinese Rock\" is set to bring rock fans out by the thousands next month. Nine Chinese rock bands will perform at the concert, including older generation bands, middle generation and some recent arrivals. The audience will be given a chance to decide what songs they want to hear, which is sure to bring a storm.     Time:September 11-14           Place:The Olympic Center \n Answer: Even the bravest ones will be too frightened to go on watching.",
            "output": [
                "What do you think of the acrobatic show mentioned here?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d3ad16ff56714e38bdac083a1f2ed8d3",
            "input": "Article: I have always loved kids. However, the children here at Shanti Bhavan are unlike any that I have ever met. They have a strong drive and determination and are thankful for the wonderful opportunity they have been given. While at Shanti Bhavan, I taught 3 graders writing, language, and literature, 8 , 9 , and 10 graders public speaking, 9 and 10 graders basketball, and piano lessons. I found teaching the children was the most rewarding experience of my life. They are really fast learners and really have an interest in knowledge. It was easy to get on with such polite, well-mannered, and hard-working students. They dream big and I only hope that I can continue to be a part of helping them achieve their goals. As far as my day-to-day living went, I was perfectly comfortable here and came to consider it as a second home. My room was clean and comfortable and the staff could not have been nicer. In addition, I really appreciated the support of all the teachers. They were so welcoming and kind that it truly cleared away my fears and culture shock. They often gave me advice and befriended me and I owe much to them for their warmth. I honestly feel that Shanti Bhavan is the most beautiful place on earth. It has love and learning, and I am very sad to be leaving. I am looking forward to my return to this newly found family as soon as possible. Thank you so much Miss Beena and Mrs. Law for all of your love and support. The experience that I worked with them will always come into my mind. This has been the greatest experience of my life. \n Answer: Clever",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think of the students at Shanti Bhavan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11552be1a56e46a29d2544e203a8857d",
            "input": "Article: \"Mister D'Arcy is not a policeman. He is, however, very wise. He knew the police would search his apartment. He also knew how police think. So, he did not hide the letter where he knew they would look for it. \"Do you remember how Germont laughed when I said the mystery was difficult for him to solve because it was so simple?\" Dupin filled his pipe with tobacco and lit it. \"Well, the more I thought about it, the more I realized the police could not find the letter because D'Arcy had not hidden it at all. \"So I went to visit D'Arcy in his apartment. I took a pair of dark green eyeglasses with me. I explained to him that I was having trouble with my eyes and needed to wear the dark glasses at all times. He believed me. The glasses permitted me to look around the apartment while I seemed only to be talking to him. \"I paid special attention to a large desk where there were a lot of papers and books. However, I saw nothing suspicious there. After a few minutes, however, I noticed a small shelf over the fireplace. A few postcards and a letter were lying on the shelf. The letter looked very old and dirty. \"As soon as I saw this letter, I decided it must be the one I was looking for. It must be, even though it was completely different from the one Germont had described. \"This letter had a large green stamp on it. The address was written in small letters in blue ink. I memorized every detail of the letter while I talked to D'Arcy. Then when he was not looking, I dropped one of my gloves on the floor under my chair. \"The next morning, I stopped at his apartment to look for my glove. While we were talking, we heard people shouting in the street. D'Arcy went to the window and looked out. Quickly, I stepped to the shelf and put the letter in my pocket. Then I replaced it with a letter that looked exactly like it, which I had made it the night before. \"The trouble in the street was caused by a man who had almost been run over by a horse and carriage. He was not hurt. And soon the crowd of people went away. When it was over, D'Arcy came away from the window. I said goodbye and left. \"The man who almost had an accident was one of my servants . I had paid him to create the incident.\" Dupin stopped talking to light his pipe. I did not understand. \"But, Dupin,\" I said, \"why did you go to the trouble of replacing the letter? Why not just take it and leave?\" Dupin smiled. \"D'Arcy is a dangerous man,\" he said. \"And he has many loyal servants. If I had taken the letter, I might never have left his apartment alive.\" \n Answer: A detective.",
            "output": [
                "What is Dupin probably?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1f29ad6f790044a39625d055cca0e17b",
            "input": "Article: January 1 -- January 31 You are charming and intelligent. You are actually quite ambitious. You like to go to parties and chat with your friends. On the other hand, you are friendly, but you are also a very private person. February 1 -- February 28 You are determined and hard working.You are born under the sign of loyalty and faimess.You like parties and enjoy a lot of friends. On the other hand, you are quite famous for your courage. You really like to explore and you are an adventurer. March 1 -- March 31 You are very loyal, independent, and open-minded. You are a born leader, and when you set a goal, you go to it. You adore challenges and competitions. You are most likely to be the one who calls out, \"Let's go!\" you are always in a circle of friends. You love animals. _  April 1--April 30 You are artistic, well-mannered, intelligent, and diplomatic.You are usually sweet and kind, of course.You are sometimes famous for your artistic sense and good taste. You love throwing grand parties. Vacations and routines are very important to you. You are also fairly popular. May l -- May 31 You are talented, sincere, and most of all, enthusiastic. You are the master of ceremonies. You shine in the crowd.When you walk into a room, heads turn, and you hear whispers and gasps. You have a strong will to defeat any challenge in your way. You have a hunger for fashion. June 1 -- June 30 You are very elegant, wise, and compassionate .You are very attractive and people are attracted to you. Your friends rely on you for advice. You will be someone like Jacqueline Onassis. You are also very lucky in many ways. July l -- July 31 You are mostly agreeable, energetic, and popular.You like to try new things wherever you go. You know how to dress and you always look your best. You are talented and you love sports. You are always one step ahead of anyone else. You adore freedom and independence. August 1 -- August 31 You are empathetic, easygoing, and compliant.You can get along with almost everyone. Many people admire you for your talent and creativity. On the other hand, you are sensitive and compassionate. You always like to dream. You enjoy peace and quiet at night. September 1 -- September 30 You are individualistic, sociable, and very entertaining. You are capable of anything. You have an excellent memory. You like long, friendly conversations with your closest friends.You turn boring things into the life of the party. October 1 -- October 31 You are thoughtful, intelligent, and the class comedian.You are also very popular, and nice around friends. You love to save the best for last. You are amusing and very fun to be around with. You love to spend hours each day reading and studying for final exams, when the school year has just started. You almost never turn on your friends. November 1 -- November 30 You are unselfish, knowledgeable, and friendly. You are loyal to your friends and family. You can see the difference between right and wrong. You are very honest and you speak out when you feel something has gone wrong. You are the person who likes trendy clothes. December 1 --December 31 You are smart, optimistic, and willing to help others. You are like a rare diamond. You are intentionally the nicest while you are with friends. You are also very affectionate. You are too good to be true. Your friends trust in you easily. You are also popular in the \"Being Nice\" way. \n Answer: A person born during February 1---February 28.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the combination of very different characteristics?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-429acb2a38d949cda61fdbd53715c8e9",
            "input": "Article: Robert Todd Duncan was born in 1903 in the southern city of Danville,Kentucky. His mother was his first music teacher. As a young man,he continued his music study in Indianapolis,Indiana. In 1930,he completed more musical education at Columbia University in New York City. Then he moved to Washington. For fifteen years, he taught music at Howard University in Washington. At that time, not many black musicians were known for writing or performing classical music. Teaching at Howard gave Duncan the chance to share his knowledge of classical European music with a mainly black student population. He taught special ways to present the music.These special ways became known as the Duncan Technique. Besides teaching,Duncan sang in several operas with performers who were all black. But it seemed that he always would be known mainly as a concert artist. However,his life took a different turn in the middle 1930s. At that time, the famous American music writer George Gershwin was looking for someone to play a leading part in his new work Porgy and Bess. The music critic   of the New York Times newspaper suggested Todd Duncan. Duncan had almost decided not to try for the part as he knew it would not be easy to get it. But he changed his mind. He sang a piece from an Italian opera for Gershwin. He had sung only a few minutes when Gershwin offered him the part. He became famous because of the part in Porgy and Bess. Todd Duncan gained fame as an opera singer and concert artist. But his greatest love in music was teaching. When he stopped teaching at Howard,he continued giving singing lessons in his Washington home until the week before his death. \n Answer: A brief introduction to Robert Todd Duncan.",
            "output": [
                "What is this passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-56f4c7d4e42b46f1a067f7b51e393144",
            "input": "Article: Cell Phones Are the New Cigarettes When you get in your car, you reach for it. When you're at work, you take a break to have a moment alone with it. When you get into a lift, you play with it. Cigarettes? Cup of coffee? No, it's the third most addictive thing in modern life, the cell phone. And experts say it is becoming more difficult for many people to curb their wishes to hug it more tightly than most of their personal relationships. With its shiny surface, its smooth and satisfying touch, the cell phone connects us to the world even as it disconnects us from people three feet away. It affects us in ways its inventors in the late 1940s never imagined. Dr. Chris Knippers, an expert at the Betty Ford Center in Southern California, reports that the overuse of cell phones has become a social problem not much different from other harmful addictions: a barrier to one-on-one personal contact, and an escape from reality. Sounds extreme, but we've all witnessed the evidence: the person at a restaurant who talks on the phone through an entire meal, ignoring his kids around the table; the woman who talks on the phone in the car, ignoring her husband; the teen who texts messages all the way home from school, avoiding contact with kids all around him. Is it just rude, or is it a kind of unhealthiness? And pardon me, but how is this improving the quality of life? Jim Williams, an industrial sociologist based in Massachusetts, he points to a study by Duke University researchers that found one-quarter of Americans say they have no one to discuss their most important personal business with. Despite the growing use of phones, e-mail and instant messaging, in other words, Williams says studies show that we don't have as many friends as our parents. \"Just as more information has led to less wisdom, more acquaintances  through the Internet and cell phones have produced fewer friends,\" he says. If the cell phone has truly had these effects, it's because it has become very widespread. In 1987, there were only 1 million cell phones in use. Today, almost 300 million Americans carry them. The number of cell phones is far more than that of wired phones in the United States. \n Answer: Using cell phone is just as cool as smoking cigarettes.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following could probably best explain the title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e7701c1bff545809eb672a5e73b02d4",
            "input": "Article: People who drink moderately  , exercise, quit smoking and eat five servings of fruit and vegetables each day live on average 14 years longer than people who adopt none of these behaviors, researchers said on Tuesday.   Much evidence has shown these things contribute to healthier and longer lives, but the new study  actually quantified   their combined effect, the British team said.   \"These results may provide further support for the idea that even small differences in lifestyle may make a big difference to health in the population,\" the researchers wrote in the journal PLoS Medicine. Between 1993 and 1997 the researchers questioned 20,000 healthy British men and women about their lifestyles. They also tested every participant's blood to measure vitamin C intake, which shows how much fruit and vegetables people ate. Then they assigned the participants aged 45-79 a score of between 0 and 4, giving one point for each of the healthy behaviours.   After allowing for age and other factors that could affect the possibility of dying, the researchers determined people with a score of 0 were four times as likely to have died. Also a person with a health score of 0 had the same risk of dying as someone with a health score of 4 who was 14 years older.   The lifestyle change with the biggest benefit was giving up smoking, which led to an 80 percent improvement in health, followed by eating fruits and vegetables. Moderate drinking and keeping active brought the same benefits.   With this information, public-health officials should now be better encouraging behavior changes likely to improve the health of middle-aged and older people. \n Answer: A 45-year-old housewife.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the most likely to benefit from behavior changes according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4dca4fc7be342f19fbe97ed25f0251c",
            "input": "Article: He is talent and charm  have made him the No.1 Chinese classical artist in the world. He played in the grand Beijing Olympic opening ceremony last summer, watched by a TV audience of 5 billion. Lang Lang, 26, is the first Chinese pianist to play with the world's top orchestras, making his _ at the Carnegie Hall in New York at 18, while still a student. Lang Lang's charm and fondness for sharp clothes make him a natural fit to represent China's new international image. According to the British newspaper the Times, \"The Lang Lang effect\" is responsible for driving 36 million Chinese children to learn the piano. Now in China children are learning Chopin  and Western orchestras are touring Chinese cities, but can China ever export its own music to the west? Lang is trying. His cooperation with the London Symphony Orchestras this month includes a performance of Dragon Songs, an album of traditional Chinese classics. Behind the international recognition, however, is a fascinating story of a gifted child. Lang grew up with his father's own musical ambition and high expectations. It is not hard to imagine how boring it must be to practice the piano every day. Lang said that he once hated his hands and the piano. He injured his right hand six years ago and had to rest. \"That was the best month,\" he says, without hesitation. \"I had a date. I saw a Broadway show and saw Britney Spears in concert.\" \n Answer: He has as many as 5 billions fans in China.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the reason why Lang Lang is the No.1 Chinese classical artist in the world?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-54d6c496021b451a919a8eeb07e57e66",
            "input": "Article: Not long ago, people could only buy organic food in small shops. Today it is common in most major supermarkets. The reason for the increase is that more and more people are demanding food grown without chemicals. Since the 1990s, organic farm production has gone up 20 percent every year. This pattern is expected to continue around the globe. Australia leads the world in land used for organic agriculture. It has four times as much land devoted to organic farming as all of Asia. However, most of the land is not very fertile, and it only produces a modest amount of food. Argentina is a distant second, followed by Brazil, the United States and China. In Africa, only a very small amount of land is registered for organic farming. That does not mean Africa relies on chemicals. In fact, many farmers do not use chemicals because they cannot afford them. Yet there are no programs for these farmers to prove they do not use chemicals. Without these programs their food can never be approved organic. India has had the most dramatic recent increase in organic farming. Like many other countries, India sees continual growth in organic food sales around the world. This, of course, leads to growth in profits. Sales of organic food were more than doubled from 2000 to 2005. Like India, many countries are trying to increase commercial organic farming to get a share of the sales. This has led to criticism. Some people believe that organic farming should not just be about making money. They think the goal is to help the environment. Others say organic farming will not continue if it is not profitable. They say that people should be able to make money while providing food that is healthy to mankind. \n Answer: Countries all want to make money by farming organically.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9af3ff532ee46928cdb28e20a5b230a",
            "input": "Article: Six volunteers are about to find out what it would be like to live on Mars without ever leaving the Earth. Three men and three women will spend eight months living in a special place on the side of a volcano in Hawaii. They are part of an experiment that is designed to mimic life on Mars. Their mission began on October 15, 2014. NASA says it could send astronauts to Mars as early as the 2030s. The mission would take more than two years, so NASA needs to know how people would react to living in a small group, isolated from the rest of the world, for such a long time. Some people may become depressed or bored living under those conditions. By studying people living in similar conditions here on Eares NASA hopes to learn how to choose the most suitable people for a space mission, and how to help them get along. They will live in a two-story building. The ground floor is about 86 square meters, roughly the size of a small two-bedroom apartment. It includes shared areas like kitchen, dining room, bathroom, laboratory and an exercise room. The upstairs is less than half the size of the downstairs. It contains another bathroom and six small bedrooms. The building is located in an abandoned quarry about 2,400 meters up the side of Mauna Loa, the second biggest volcano in the world. It is constantly monitored for signs of volcanic activity. NASA chose the location because the appearance looks very similar to Mars. To make it more like being on Mars in the future, they are only able to communicate by email during the experiment. Meanwhile, there will be a 20-minute delay between the time when a message is sent and that when it is received. When they go outside, they will have to suit up in full spacesuits, just as if they were on Mars. The commander is Martha Lenio, a 34-year-old Canadian. During the mission, she will run experiments on growing food. The other members have backgrounds in physics and so on. None of them are astronauts. \n Answer: On June 15, 2015.",
            "output": [
                "When will the six volunteers end their mission about mimicking life on Mars?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e053b7c2c40541958163954027e53997",
            "input": "Article: Stacey Hillman, who is 10 years old, was reading a magazine about police dogs needing bulletproof vests  . She thought that someone should start raising money for the police dogs. After she got permission from Chief LaBrusciano, she went to the County Sheriff Don Eslinger. She got busy visiting all the police dogs and telling the departments about her new charity. She made \"collection boxes\" by using bottles and put a picture of her with a police dog on it. She put these bottles in vet's offices and pet stores. The Chief from her hometown police department helped make Stacey's idea an official charity -- Pennies to Protect Police Dogs. The more money she collected, the more popular she became, and the more people offered to donate and help her with her goal   of giving every police dog effective protection.  Stacey travels all around her state to raise money and tell people how important the police dogs are. She speaks at schools, and they donate to her charity, too. Since Stacey started her charity, she has bought bulletproof vests for the police dogs with all the 140 thousand dollars she has raised. But she has many more K-9 friends that still need to be protected and she promises to keep doing her charity until every police dog in the whole country has a bulletproof vest. Each vest costs $700, and every police dog should have one. There are not always tax dollars to provide K-9s with these vests, and very few departments have them. The police dogs save lives just like police officers do, and often the police dogs are the first to go in. Stacey depends on donations from everyone to provide the dogs with bulletproof vests. \n Answer: An article about police dogs' problem.",
            "output": [
                "What made Stacey begin to consider doing something for the police dogs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76840b0a050d47b7972ea6579f84421e",
            "input": "Article: Steve Jobs, Apple's chief executive, made his first public appearance since going on medical leave six weeks ago, taking the stage at a San Francisco media event to introduce the iPad 2, the second generation of the company's tablet computer. Thin but energetic, Mr. Jobs showed off a thinner iPad. \" We've been working on this product for a while and I just didn't want to miss this day,\" he said. His absence has concerned investors, especially since the group has given no details of his condition. He was diagnosed with cancer in 2004 and had a liver transplant during almost six moths of medical leave in 2009. People close to him said last month his health had been changing. Apple's stock rose more than 2 percent in the minutes after Mr. Jobs began speaking, then gave up some of its gain as he detailed the iPad 2. The iPad 2 will go on sale in black and white versions in the US on March 11 and in 26 other countries, including the UK and Germany, on March 25. The table is Apple's biggest product launch since the iPhone three years ago, and is comparable to the iPhone as the most expected in Apple's history. Most of the improvements in the latest version had been expected, including front and rear-facing video, which allows video conferencing between iPads, Mac computers and the most recent iPhones and iPods, a larger speaker, a faster processor and other upgrades. The iPad 2 is one-third thinner than the original tablet and slightly lighter, with a 9.7-inch touchscreen. It can run movies, books, games and a complete range of applications. In the US it will work with AT&T and Verizon, the top two mobile carriers. The pricing will be the same to the 2010 iPad at its introduction, ranging from $499 to $829 in six models. But Apple dropped prices on the older iPad on Wednesday by $100 across the board. Apple has made the most of its year-long head start in tablets, selling 15,000,000 units of the older iPad last year and taking about 85 percent of the market. Forrester predicted that the iPad 2 would clain 80 percent of the US market this year, or 20,000,000 out of 24,000,000 total shipped. This prediction was based on both the technical improvements to the iPad 2, and the distribution difficulties and higher prices for Apple's rivals. Motorola, BlackBerry maker Research in Motion, Samsung and others have brought out competing tablets, many based on Google's Android software. Mr. Jobs said the rest of the field was still catching up with the first iPad and their markets for applications designed for tablets had, at best, 100 small programs. This compares with 65,000 on Apple's applications store. \n Answer: Steve Jobs' health condition is not stable",
            "output": [
                "Why are the investors of Apple worried according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0bf1381b08f049cab4aeacdc706f490a",
            "input": "Article: Honestly, since my daughter was born, I have thought a lot about how to raise a child. I once heard a story that told about when a baby was born. The story said that when a baby was born, a new master was born. The parents of that baby would become the servants. The question is: Why? Based on my observation, this phenomenon is true. Most parents who don't pay much attention to their kids have difficulties with their kids' attitude. I'll make a comparison of how two families raise their children. The first one is a family with three children. Both mother and father never say \"No\" to their children's demands. As a result, all of their children became stubborn and won't listen to their parents' words, \"We can't.\" The second family educated their children strictly from one year old to high school. The parents never approved or agreed directly to give their children what they wanted. They always postponed one or two days, even if they could afford it. Due to the way their parents educated them, these children understood that if they wanted something, they had to wait or they had to make an effort first. As a result, all the kids from the second family successfully graduated from university on time. In my opinion, if we want to be successful parents and raise our children well, we have to start disciplining them when they are toddlers but not wait until they become teenagers. \n Answer: To help prove his opinion about raising a child.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer give two different stories in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-58b8f598fc5e4b6e901325a7e6af22ad",
            "input": "Article: Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors -- or doesn't it? While such vigilant tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it's important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing. In many cases, screening can lead to additional biopsies and surgeries to remove cancer, which can cause side effects, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients' remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups. It's hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or prior personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy . A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening- especially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell our population. It's not an easy calculation to make, but one that make sense for the whole patient. Dr. Otis Brawley said, \"Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves. We need to think about the rational use of health care and stop talking about the rationing of health care.\" That means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better. \n Answer: The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth.",
            "output": [
                "Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d0021ae3ee714ca897a92c3d6b223c8a",
            "input": "Article: \"Mommy! Call I go and play outside with Danny? Please? I promise l will only play in the shade!\" Kelly said. What hurt her mother was only being able to stand aside when her daughter needed her most.\"Kelly...I'm really sorry.You can't go.I'm too concerned about you. You might accidentally go in the sun,which means we have to get you to hospital again.\"Kelly was allergic to the sun.The doctor said it was incurable. Kelly looked outside where her brother Danny was playing.Why did she have to be allergic to the sun? Why? Kelly's mother closed her eyes and she pointed upstairs where Kelly's bed was.\"Go to bed.\"she said.Kelly had tears in her eyes.She forced her legs up the stairs and buried her face in her pillow.She wanted Danny to come back , for he could tell her stories about birds and squirrels.She waited,and soon he did come and told her about a blue bird he had seen.Kelly often wondered what a bird looked like.She was really curious about the birds in the yard.Maybe she could find out herself someday. The next day, Danny entered Kelly's room again to tell her what he had seen.She wasn't there.He called again and again but no one replied.He searched anxiously around and saw a body.His eyes widened.It couldn't be.Was it what he thought it was? Was it...Kelly? With shaking hands,Danny turned over the body.He screamed.It was Kelly.Her skin was swollen and had ugly rashes all over.She was holding a pencil in her right hand.And in her left hand was an almost finished picture of a bird , below which he found some words which read:\"I finally get to see you.I will always remember you and love your nature no matter what.\" \n Answer: To walk in sunshine.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Kelly want to go outside?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c3714d7b274f417d8ae9d3242fc42974",
            "input": "Article: When Luca first heard of the Island of Inventions, he was still very young. But its wonders sounded so incredible that they were forever burned in his memory. From that moment, he never stopped searching for clues which might lead him to the island. He read hundreds of adventure books, histories, volumes of physics and chemistry, even music. Over time, he pieced together his idea of what the Island of Inventions was like. It was a secret place, where all the great wise men of the world would meet to learn and invent together. Access to the island was totally restricted. To join, you had to have created some great invention for humanity. Only then could you receive the special invitation -- which came with directions to the island. So Luca spent his youth studying and inventing. Every new idea he got, he made it into an invention, and if there were something he didn't understand, he'd seek others to help him. Soon he met other young inventors and he told them about the Island of Inventions. They too dreamed of one day receiving an invitation letter. As years passed, the disappointment of not receiving their invitation made Luca and his friends work harder and co-operate more. They would meet in Luca's house, share their ideas and build new machines. Their inventions became known throughout the world, and improved the lives of millions. But still, no invitation came. They didn't lose heart. They continued learning and inventing every day, trying to come up with more and better ideas. Fresh young talent joined their group, as more inventors dreamed of getting to the island. One day many years later, Luca, already very old, was speaking with a brilliant young man named Roberts, who had written to him, asking him to join the group. Luca started telling the man of the wonderful Island of Inventions, and of how he was sure that some day they would receive an invitation. Surprised, the young inventor interrupted: \"You mean this place isn't the Island of Inventions? Isn't the letter you sent me the real invitation?\" It was only then that Luca realised that his dream had become true in his very own house. No island could exist which would be better than where he was now. No place of invention would be better than what he and his friends had created. Luca felt happy to know that he had always been on the island, and that his life of invention and study had been a truly happy one. \n Answer: The island was not a real place.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Luca and his colleagues probably never receive an invitation to the island?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2c6a9797799543699981681605977885",
            "input": "Article: When I was seven, my parents gave me a doll, a doll's house and a book. The Arabian Nights, came wrapped in red paper. I was just ready to read when my mother walked into my room. \"Isn't your doll just beautiful?\" my mother asked. I looked at the doll, with fair hair in a pink dress----I'll have to call her \"she\" because I never gave her a name. I folded my lips and raised my eyebrows, not really knowing how to let my mother down easily. \"This doll is different.\" My mother explained, trying to talk me into playing with it. Thinking the doll needed love, I hugged her tightly for a long time. Useless, I said to myself. Finally, I decided to play with the doll's house. But since rearranging the tiny furniture seemed to be the only active possible, I lost interest. I caught sight again of the third of my gifts The Arabian Nights, and I began to read it. From that moment, the book was my constant companion. Every day I climbed our garden tree, nestled among its branches, I read the stories in The Arabian Nights to my heart's content. My mother became concerned as she noticed I wasn't playing with either the doll or the little house. She insisted that I take the doll up the tree with me. Trying to read on a branch 15 feet off the ground while holding on to the silly doll was not easy. After nearly falling off twice, I tied one end of a long vine around the doll's neck and the opposite one around the branch, letting the doll hang in mid air while I read. I always looked out for my mother, though. I sensed that my playing with the doll was of great importance to her. So every time I heard her coming, I lifted the doll up and hugged her. The smile in my mother's eyes told me my plan worked. The inevitable  happened one afternoon. Totally absorbed in the reading, I didn't hear my mother calling me. When I looked down, I saw my mother staring at the hanging doll. Fearing the worst of scolding, I climbed down in a flash, reaching the ground just as my mother was untying the doll. To my surprise, she didn't scold. She kept on staring at the doll. The next day, my father came home early and suggested he and I play with the doll's house. Soon I was bored, but my father seemed to be having so much fun, I didn't have the heart to tell him. Quietly I slipped out, picking up my book on my way to the yard. So absorbed was he in arranging and rearranging the tiny furniture that he didn't notice my quick exit. Almost 20 years passed before I found out why the hanging-doll incident had been so significant for my parents. By then I was a parent myself. After recalling the incident, my mother said all those years she had been afraid whether I would turn out to be a most loving and understanding mother to my son. My mother often thanks God aloud for making me a good parent, pointing out that with education I might have been a rich dentist instead of a poor poet. I look back on that same childhood incident, recalling my third gift, the book in red-paper, and I take advantage of the experiences that have made me who and what I am. Sometimes I pause to wonder at life's wonderful ironies  . \n Answer: Because the girl didn't care much for the doll.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the author give the doll a name?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8cbc5516118440ae84c7613fa4ab245d",
            "input": "Article: The church seems cold this morning, even after all the people, friends and family, fill the benches. I sit here in silence, in shock and denial. This was not supposed to happen. What about our dreams, or our plans? We were going to raise our children, travel the world, and grow old together. I'm only 37, a typical housewife. I don't know if I can do all this alone--two children, no father. What do I do or say? The faces of so many people confuse me as they come to pay their last respects. Some have real sorrow; I can see it in their eyes. The others seem to just say, \"I told you so.\" Those famous last words: I-told-you-so. How I can't stand them. And the pointing fingers as so-called family and so-called friends pick me out of the crowd for others to see. I want to scream and wake up but I can't do anything but sit there. How can they be so blind? I fell in love with a man. Love knows no boundaries . He was a good man, hardworking, caring and kind. He was retired from the Navy and a gentleman. He was sensitive to others' needs, the kind of man that knew what to do or say, how to humor any situation and calm everyone's fears. I remember our first child was a big surprise to both of us. I remember when I told him the news. He fell off his chair, saying over and over in disbelief, \"But I'm almost sixty.\" After a few months he started planning our next and even doing his famous little dance whenever he discussed the idea. A man, thirty years older than I, lies in a coffin. Flowers, the American flag and his VFW comrades surround him, paying tribute to him as the man he really was. And I sit alone here, with our two children, in silence, praying that this cold morning at church is only a nightmare and I will awake to his loving arms again. \n Answer: She married a man much older than she.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know from the passage about the writer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-534c53512cbb4c7f8a317fd3b378b928",
            "input": "Article: The King received news one day that a group outlaws were committing some wrong and cruel acts on a distant border of the kingdom. The news angered the King. He quickly gathered his army and started off for the distant border, leaving his kingdom unguarded and without a ruler. On their long march, the King and his army made camp for the night wherever they could. One rainy day they stopped in a forest, seeking shelter under the trees. They unsaddled  their horses and steamed some peas, which they fed to their steeds in long narrow containers. A monkey in a tree nearby saw the horses being fed, and he came racing down, filled both paws with peas, then climbed quickly up to a branch and settled down to eat. But as he opened one paw, a single pea fell to the ground. Without hesitation, the monkey jumped from his branch to hunt for the lost pea, and in doing so,he dropped all the other peas in his paws. The King observed this foolish monkey and was greatly amused. He timed to his minister and asked: \"Friend, what do you think of this monkey who would give up so much to _ so little?\" \"That is the way of the foolish,\" replied the minister, \"they will give up much that is certain for a little that is uncertain.\" Then he added, \"And we, Great King, are we not like the monkey in the trees. To gain so little we neglect so much exactly like the monkey with its pea.\" The King understood the blame and realized how very foolish he had been himself to leave his kingdom unguarded. He gave out orders to his men, and he and his army returned at once to their country. \n Answer: He led his army to defeat them.",
            "output": [
                "What did the King do after he knew a group of bad guys were doing something illegal?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e5e79f01238a4774921e194565067e38",
            "input": "Article: China Daily Classified Page Advertising Rates Published every Wednesday and Friday. Minimum(smallest)Size: 1 col x3 cm Personal: RMB 100 yuan/cm -Engagements, Marriage, Births, Deaths, Obituaries, Funerals, Birthday greetings, Holiday greetings, Anniversaries Shopping Guide: RMB 100 yuan/cm -Department store and supermarket shops only Education: RMB 100 yuan/cm -Vocational training or courses for foreigners offered by universities and colleges Services: RMB 120 yuan/cm -Computer service, Business centers, Interior decoration, Cars for lease, Used cars wanted/for sale, Business offices wanted, Travel, Restaurants and entertainment Recruitment: RMB 140 yuan/cm Property, Trade and Investment: RMB 170 yuan/cm -Merchandise wanted/for sale, business/capital solicited Legal & General Notices: RMB 170 yuan/cm -General and legal announcements, Auctions, Lost & Found, Changes of address Surcharges: 30 col x cm plus 20%, Half page 40%, Full page 50% All art or production fees(charges)carry a surcharge 1.China Daily reserves the right to make any alterations  it seems necessary and to reject advertisement which violates(breaks)the Advertisement Law of the People's Republic of China or contains fraudulent, deceptive, or misleading statements or illustrations  . 2.Advertisers who wish to insert an ad should submit (put forward)an Advertising Order Form with all advertisement information and any necessary documents 10 days before the date of publication. After this deadline, additional charges will be incurred (brought upon oneself). Tel : (86 - 10)64941104, 64924488 ext. 2117 Fax: (86 - 10)64941104 E- mail: cads @ chinadaily. com. cn \n Answer: Recruitment",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following advertising rates is the lowest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d29174e7977143e088a794b8cddc5aba",
            "input": "Article: It is said that in the United States much has been told about that anyone can become rich and successful if he works hard and has some good luck. Yes, when one becomes rich he wants people to know it. And even though he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That's what \"Keeping up with the Joneses \" is about The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand looked around him and noticed that many people did things to keep up with their neighbours. He called it \"Keeping up with the Joneses\", because Jones is a very common name in the United States. \"Keeping up with the Joneses\" came to mean keeping up with the people around you. Momand's series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years. People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses. That is one reason why they read \"right\" books, go to \"right\" universities and eat in \"right\" restaurants. Every city has an area where people want to live because others will think better of them if they do. And there are Joneses in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses, because no matter what one does, Mr Jones always seems to be ahead. \n Answer: Because they want others to know or think they are rich.",
            "output": [
                "Why, according to the passage, do many people try to keep up with the Joneses?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2ab4005fadf3485f8a5b60bef9cb2e03",
            "input": "Article: \"Super Dan\", as top-seeded Lin Dan of China is better known in the badminton  world, had his Olympic dream come true after claiming the men's singles gold by beating Lee Chong Wei of Malaysia on August 17 in the Beijing Olympics. His father, Lin Jianbin, said \"Super Dan\"has waited for four years to get this championship and he felt very proud of his son, as well as his prospective daughter-in-law Xie Xingfang, who is also a badminton player and won silver in women's singles at the Beijing Games. An SMS: The beginning of a love story Lin was born in Shanghang County, Longyan in Fujian Province. He first met Xie Xingfang when he was 14-years-old. 16-year-old Xie was attending a national youth team badminton training camp in Jinjiang, Fujian and Lin was also there. Tall and beautiful, Xie became the Snow White in the heart of Lin Dan, and he tried to please her and get chances to chat with her after the training sessions. He did not go beyond that. Before the Spring Festival in 2004, Lin finally mustered(,) the courage and sent Xie Xingfang a text message - I LOVE YOU. In fact, Xie Xingfang had already realized Lin Dan was fond of her. And covertly  , she began to pay attention to Lin's movement and performance on the court. \"He is very interesting, got a lot of ideas, and is a lovely boy.\" Two Kisses In May 2004 at the Thomas Cup in Jakarta, their love relationship was first known to the public. Xie sat with her teammates and watched the men's team playing. When Lin Dan won the match, he rushed to the bench and kissed Xie, a move that Xie did not expect Lin to do in public. A photographer captured this moment. At the All England Open in 2007, Lin kissed her again in public, making Xie feel like the happiest woman in the world. After Lin won his third title at the Open, he did not stay to watch Xie play. Xie defeated her opponent and won the championship. When she was called to accept the trophy(,) , Lin suddenly emerged at the central venue, holding red roses and gave her the flowers, and a passionate kiss. Nine Roses Earlier, on February 14, 2006, Lin and Xie were with the national badminton teams at a training camp in Jinjiang. The teams had their rules - not going out of the training camp. Xie thought she would spend the Valentine's Day without flowers. But Lin still managed to give her a surprise - giving her a Dior wallet as a Valentine's gift and nine roses. With the teams' rule in place, Lin asked his local friend to buy the roses and gave her a pleasant Valentines surprise. A 200-square-meter apartment Lin Dan and Xie Xingfang's love has been through four years of tests, and Xie's father also said that they should consider marriage after the Olympics. In fact, Lin Dan has already prepared for this. He has bought a 200-square-meter apartment in downtown Beijing, with 4 rooms and 2 living rooms. Paying about 20,000 yuan per square meter for the apartment, it is reported the apartment is now valued at 8 million yuan. \"After the Olympics, we really want to live our own lives, go on vacation, go to school, get married, I am really looking forward to it,\" Xie said happily. With two kitchens, one Chinese and one Western style, Xie said she wanted to be the person preparing soup at home and enjoy family life. \n Answer: 14",
            "output": [
                "How old was Lin Dan when he first met Xie Xingfang?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c669d06f7374415aebf9516918a2f9f",
            "input": "Article: The moral view of violence, labeling it as bad and wrong, has done little to end it. The alternative view is to release our judgments and see violence for what it is: a form of suffering. This is a difficult change for many people. Not only are they in the habit of making knee-jerk  judgments, but violent people cause harm, and therefore their suffering seems to deserve less sympathy. You hurt me, so why should I have sympathy for you? It should be the other way around. Does it take a saint  to make the change from strong anger to sympathy? Turning points arrive when we can make a choice not to suffer in silence. We then strike a soul bargain that is fearful but necessary. The bargain is that redemption  is possible through love.The absence of love is absolutely the problem, and love is absolutely the solution. We don't have to reach into another area to locate the magic power of love that is available to us here and now.  _ The rule is constant work on the spiritual path to clear away the obstacles that prevent love from coming through us. The work is much more like working on blocked pipe system than it is like copying a saint. Hope is the emotion that keeps this dogged work even when results seem to be slow or impossible. Can I love the terrorist who harms my country? Can I love the criminal who wants to harm me? At the level of the soul I already do, and the spiritual path is a means to arrive at that level. No one is required to leap into sudden sympathy for terrorists, or even to announce publicly that our enemies deserve love. But in our souls each of us harbors the knowledge that only love is going to bring violence to an end. No matter how you and I live our outward lives, our spiritual lives must remain devoted to that vision. \n Answer: It plays an important role in ending violence.",
            "output": [
                "Which one is NOT true for moral view of violence?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81ad3fe705c945a1a40493efb94dcffe",
            "input": "Article: A gadget which makes water out of air could become the greatest household invention since the microwave.[Link] Using the same technology as a dehumidifier ,the Water Mill is able to create a ready supply of drinking water because it can always get from an unlimited source--the air.[Link] The company behind the machine says not only does it offer an alternative to bottled water in[Link] developed countries, but it is a solution for the millions who face a daily water shortage.[Link] The machine works by drawing in wet air through a filter and over a cooling instrument which changes it into water droplets.It can produce up to 12 liters a day.The Water Mill will also produce more water when storms pass over, as the amount of water which is contained in the air increases. In keeping with its eco-development, the machine uses the same amount of electricity as three lights.    Inventor Jonathan Ritchey said, \"The demand for water is off the chart. So people are looking for freedom from water distribution systems that are shaky and unreliable.\" The machine, which is about 3 feet wide, is likely to cost PS800 when it goes on sale here in the spring. Its maker, Canadian Firm Element Four, roughly calculates that a liter of water costs around 20 pence to produce. Environmentalists state that half the world's population will face water shortage because of climate change by 2080. One in five is said to lack access to safe drinking. The Water Mill is not effective in areas where the amount of water contained in the air is below about 30 percent, but in Britain that won't be much of a problem. \n Answer: It helps to make the water clean to drink.[Link]",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about the machine?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a4adcaa452fd4fcc82f57ba53fec9800",
            "input": "Article: For anyone still doubting the belief that our emotions impact our physical health, a new study from New Zealand should be able to settle the matter. It reports that the physical wounds of healthy seniors healed more quickly if they wrote about their most upsetting experiences. This confirms the results of a 2010 study, and extends those findings to cover older adults-a group that is likely to suffer wounds (as from surgery), and one with less access to other ways of lowering tension (such as exercise). Reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, a research team led by the University of Auckland's Elizabeth Broadbent made a study featuring 50 healthy adults ranging in age from 64 to 97. They were assigned to write for 20 minutes per day for three consecutive  days. Half were asked to write about the most upsetting experience in their life, describing their deepest thoughts, feelings, and emotions about the events, ideally not previously shared with others. The others were asked to write about their daily activities without mentioning emotions, opinions or beliefs. Two weeks after the third day of writing, all participants received a standard 4mm skin biopsy  on their inner arm. The very tiny wounds caused by the biopsy were photographed regularly over the following days to determine the rate at which they healed. On the 11th day after the biopsy, the wounds completely healed on 76.2 percent of those who had done the expressive writing. That was true of only 42.1 percent of those who had written about everyday activities. \"The biological and psychological mechanisms   behind this effect remain unclear,\" the researchers wrote, noting that those who had done the expressive writing did not report lower stress levels or fewer depressive symptoms than the others in the control group. Even if they weren't consciously aware of feeling more relaxed or positive, the expressive writing appeared to have caused some sort of bodily reaction-probably involving their immune systems-that hastened their recovery. \n Answer: How often they wrote.",
            "output": [
                "What was the difference between the two groups of participants in the study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e3c5dda1369445159fc8e1ecd7e4a7db",
            "input": "Article: Sharon,Aged 22 The most important thing to keep in mind when going into high school is to be yourself.Besides, I don't know what your middle school was like, but high school teachers will not care about things such as how much homework you already have in one night.It's best to just learn to deal with things and manage your time wisely so you can achieve everything you need to. Frank, Aged 21 I think almost every kid feels both nervous and excited before their first day.You will probably love it.I know I did.You should join some sports or activities that will make your high school experience more enjoyable.Good luck! Eddie,Aged 20 When I started high school I was really nervous too,especially since I had been homeschooled all through middle school and didn't really know anyone.I suppose the best advice would be to just relax.The first couple of days can be a little bit hard,but things will become easier before you know it. David,Aged 19 I'm not going to lie.The first day is kind of frightening .But you'll get used to it.Don't be afraid of anyone;upperclassmen will pick on  you more if you let them know you're afraid.Just take it easy.Making some friends and staying with them will greatly help you get used to high school quickly.After the first week it's really not bad at all.Don't worry. \n Answer: Students should make good use of their time.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer   from Sharon about high school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-987ff2d4958a4b4a95373fc64033136b",
            "input": "Article: A guide to Beijing museums during Spring Festival The Capital Museum The Beijing Capital Museum is presenting a special monkey-themed exhibition that decodes the cultural roots of the monkey in traditional Chinese culture. The exhibit shows more than 40 antique collections, including paintings, calligraphy, stamps, and 12 classic Monkey King pictures based on the great Chinese novel,Journey to the West. The museum also prepared a series of cultural activities for children, such as making paper-cuts for window decoration and painting monkeys. The National Museum of China Pasting Spring Festival couplets to doors is a traditional custom in Chinese culture. An exhibition Calligraphy Art of Couplets for the Year of the Money is ongoing, with more than 30 calligraphers' couplet pieces on display. A major exhibition, Treasures of Romania, showcasing Romania's history from the pre-historical period to the end of the 18thcentury, is still underway. National Art Museum of China The 2016 New Year show, National Art Exhibition of the Great Unity of China is a visual feast that will last until March 7. The works reflect the reality that people of all nationalities in China unite as one and jointly construct a moderately prosperous society. The works also highlight their positive mental attitude and present their picturesque and colorful national customs. Zhoukoudian Relies Museum A Spring Festival folk custom culture exhibition will introduce traditional Spring Festival customs in detail. Visitors can enjoy nearly 100 precious exhibits from the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and Minguo Era(1912-1949), including New Year paintings and musical instruments. Children can also take part in the treasure hunt games organized by the museum, watch 4D movies and experience the primitive way of hunting fishing and chipping stone tools in the science experience pavilion. \n Answer: Culture.",
            "output": [
                "In which column of the newspaper may this article appear?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-34140d15f9f94cec9cbb0c7ee52d372c",
            "input": "Article: US chat show queen Oprah Winfrey surprised 300 members of her audience    by saying she would send them on a trip to Australia in December.Winfrey will also film an episode   of her show at the Sydney \"Oprah\" House. The Australian government said it was spending AUS$  3 million to help bring The Oprah Winfrey Show to the country. Tourism Minister   Martin Ferguson insisted it was money well spent as it would put Australia in the spotlight,with the popular TV show watched by 40 million Americans and screened in 145 countries.\"Oprah is a famous name and she has the power to improve Australia's image as an important tourist country,\" he said in a statement. Winfrey made the announcement on Monday.After telling the audience that she might take them on a trip to New York,Philadelphia or Los Angeles,she said  her  last  season  would  provide  something \"bigger\". \"I started to think about where I would most want to go.Maybe I should take all of you with me to the other side of the world.We're going to Australia!\"she said. Several episodes will be filmed during the trip,which had been planned for almost a year and will take in beaches,Sydney Harbour and so on.It marks the first time that the show will be filmed with its US audience outside North America.The Australian trip follows a similar act in 2004 when Winfrey gave a car to each member of her audience. Winfrey is to start her own television channel  ,the Oprah Winfrey Network,in 2011,at the age of her 57. \n Answer: To develop Australia's tourism.",
            "output": [
                "What 's the  Australian  government's aim  in inviting Oprah Winfrey?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e55dae6232494cd885962c5d8ab3702b",
            "input": "Article: A team of British surgeons has carried out Gaza's first organ transplants for a long-term plan to train local medical staff to perform the operations. Two patients underwent kidney transplants at the Shifa, Gaza's biggest public hospital. The operations were conducted a fortnight ago by a volunteer medical team from the Royal Liverpool hospital. Ziad Matouk, 42, was born with one kidney and was diagnosed with renal failure several years ago. Matouk, whose wife donated one of her kidneys, hopes to return to his job within six months. The couple had sought a transplant in Cairo, but were rejected as unsuitable at a state hospital and could not afford the fee at a private hospital. \"We were desperate,\" said Matouk. The UK-Gaza link-up began about a year ago after Abdelkader Hammad, a doctor at the Royal Liverpool hospital, was contacted by an anaesthetist at the Shifa, who outlined the difficulties the Gaza hospital was facing with dialysis . The Shifa is forced to rely on generators because of power cuts; spare parts for its ageing dialysis machines have been difficult to import; and supplies of consumables are often scarce. After an exploratory trip last April, Hammad---whose family is Palestinian---and three colleagues from Liverpool arrived in Gaza via Egypt last month, bringing specialist equipment. Two patients were selected for surgery. The first, Mohammed Duhair, 42, received a kidney donated by his younger brother in a six-hour operation. Two days later, Matouk received a transplant after his wife, Nadia, 36, was found to be a good match. The surgeon was carried out by the British team, assisted by doctors and nurses from the Shifa. \"We are very satisfied with the results,\" said Sobbi Skaik, head of surgery at the Gaza hospital. Skaik hopes that Gaza medical teams will eventually carry out kidney transplants independently, and that other organ transplants may follow. The Shifa is working with the Gaza ministry of health on a plan to train its doctors, surgeons, nursing staff and laboratory technicians in transplant surgery at the Royal Liverpool. \"Funding is a problem,\" said Hammad. \"In the meantime we'll go back as volunteers to Gaza for the next couple of years to do more transplants.\" The Liverpool team's next visit is scheduled for May. \n Answer: Releasing Gaza hospitals' pressure of lack of professional doctors.",
            "output": [
                "What effect does Gaza's first organ transplants hopes to get?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2613bdfd9a8349bcb6f39645f24014d2",
            "input": "Article: Except for the sun, the moon looks like the biggest object in the sky. Actually it is one of the smallest, and only looks big because it is so near to us. Its diameter  is only 2,160 miles (3,389 km), or a little more than a quarter of the diameter of the earth.        Once a month, or more exactly, once every 29.5 days, at the time we call \"full moon,\" its whole _ looks bright. At other times only part of it appears bright, and we always find that this is the part which faces towards the sun, while the part racing away from the sun appears dark. People could make their pictures better if they kept this in mind -- only those parts of the moon which are lighted up by the sun are bright. This shows that the moon gives no light of its own. It only throws back the light of the sun, like a huge mirror hung in the sky.     Yet the dark part of the moon's surface is not  ly black; generally it is just light enough for us to be able to see its outline, so that we speak of seeing \"the old moon in the new moon's arms.\" The light by which we see the old moon does not come from the sun, but from the earth. We know well how the surface of the sea or of snow, or even of a wet road, may throw back uncomfortably much of the sun's light onto our faces. In the same way the surface of the whole earth throws back enough of the sun's light on to the face of the moon for us to be able to see the parts of it which would otherwise be dark. \n Answer: Because the earth throws back sunlight onto the moon.",
            "output": [
                "Why is the dark part of the moon not completely black?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-020150614e7347279d8de635e680444e",
            "input": "Article: One morning, Ann's neighbor Tracy found a lost dog wandering around the local elementary school. She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog. Ann said that she could watch it only for the day. Tracy took photos of the dog and printed off 400 FOUND fliers , and put them in mailboxes. Meanwhile, Ann went to the dollar store and bought some pet supplies, warning her two sons not to fall in love with the dog. At the time, Ann's son Thomas was 10 years old, and Jack, who was recovering from a heart operation, was 21 years old. Four days later Ann was still looking after the dog, whom they had started to call Riley. When she arrived home from work, the dog threw itself against the screen door and barked madly at her. As soon as she opened the door, Riley dashed into the boys' room where Ann found Jack suffering from a heart attack. Riley ran over to Jack, but as soon as Ann bent over to help him the dog went silent. \"If it hadn't come to get me, the doctor said Jack would have died,\" Ann reported to a local newspaper. At this point, no one had called to claim the dog, so Ann decided to keep it. The next morning Tracy got a call. A man named Peter recognized his lost dog and called the number on the flier. Tracy started crying, and told him, \"That dog saved my friend's son.\" Peter drove to Ann's house to pick up his dog, and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window. After a few moments Peter said, \"Maybe Odie was supposed to find you, maybe you should keep it.\" \n Answer: She looked for its owner",
            "output": [
                "What did Tracy do after finding the dog?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-55f87a01e0a84e9f867203eda05c4033",
            "input": "Article: New crime prediction software should reduce not only the murder rate, but the rate of other crimes. Developed by Richard Berk, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, the software has already used in Baltimore and Philadelphia to predict which individuals on probation  or parole  are most likely to murder and to be murdered. \"When a person goes on probation or parole he is supervised  by an officer. The question is 'what level of supervision is appropriate?'\" said Berk. It used to be that parole officers used the person's criminal record, and their judgment to make decisions. \"This research replaces those _ ,\" he said. Technology helps determine level of supervision. On average there is one murder for every 100,000 people. Even among high-risk groups the murder rate is one in 100. Predicting such a rare event is very difficult, but advances in computer technology works. Years ago, the researchers made a dataset of more than 60,000 various crimes. Using the software they developed, they found some much more likely to commit murder when paroled or probated. They could identify eight future murderers out of 100. Berk's software examines roughly two dozen variables , from criminal record to geographic location. The type of crimes, and more importantly, the age at which that crime was committed, were two of the most predictive variables. \"People assume that if someone murdered then they will murder in the future,\" said Berk. \" What really matters is what that person did as a young individual. Predicting future crimes sounds well. But we aren't anywhere near being able to do that.\" \"Berk's scientific answer leaves policymakers with difficult questions. By labeling one group of people as high risk, and supervise them closely, there should be fewer murders, which the potential victims should be happy about. It also means that those high-risk individuals will be supervised more aggressively. For human rights advocates, that means punishing people who, most likely, will not commit a crime in the future,\" said Bushway. \"It comes down to a question of whether you would rather make these errors or those errors.\" \n Answer: 65.",
            "output": [
                "For 650 people with crime records, how many potential murderers would the software find?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57747e5e33bb420892a489cf93051bb2",
            "input": "Article: Computer programmer David Jones earned PS35,000 a year designing new computer games, yet he cannot find a bank prepared to let him have a check card, he has been told to wait another two years until he is 18. He works for a small firm in Liverpool, where most young people of his age are finding jobs. David's biggest headache is what to do with his money. Though he has high payment, he cannot drive a car, or get credit card . David got his job four months ago, a year after leaving school with six O-levels and working for a time in a computer shop. \"I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programs,\" he said. \"I suppose PS35,000 sounds a lot but I hope it will come to more than that this year.\" He spends some of his money on records and clothes, and gives his mother PS20 a week as he lives with his parents. But most of his spare time is spent working. \"Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school, \" he said. \"But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time. I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school. Most people in this business are fairly young, anyway. I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement  is a possibility. You never know when the market might disappear.\" \n Answer: He earns an extremely high payment",
            "output": [
                "Why is David so different from other young people of his age?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e2fa961bb5db4e23bdf6cc209a31e8cc",
            "input": "Article: If there is something that appears most frequently on Chinese dining tables, it is doufu--beancurd.Beancurd looks like soft cakes and it's made from dried soybeans.Beancurd used to be considered a favourite of the poor because of its low cost.Beans have high yields   every year with their short growing period and suitability for various   soil both dry and wet. Historical records show beancurd was invented by Liu An, Prince of Huainan and uncle of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty(206BC--220AD).He had a dream of finding the pill for longevity  .He traveled all over the country and found soybeans, which looked much the same as gold in terms of colour.He collected soybeans, put them in the water and crushed them into pulp  .It got solidified and became known as doufu.Although it's not able to keep longevity, it's really good for one's health with high protein and low fat. With a long history, beancurd is rooted deep in Chinese culture.People eat more meat and fish than beancurd.But they are encouraged to have beancurd every once in a while for it's really good for health.Most Chinese people still keep beancurd as one of their favourite dishes. \n Answer: It's cheap.",
            "output": [
                "Why was beancurd considered to be liked by the poor?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d7855a0246844b4ab0894ad3e7ed56f5",
            "input": "Article: When Gretchen Baxter gets home from work as a New York City book editor, she checks her Blackberry   at the door. 'I think we are attached to these devices in a way that is not always positive,' says Baxter,who'd rather focus at home on her husband and 12-year-old daughter. 'It's there and it beckons  . That's human nature (but)...we kind of get crazy sometimes and we don't know where it should stop.' Americans are connected at unprecedented   levels93% now use cell phones or wireless devices;one third of those are 'smart phones' that allow users to browse the Web and check e-mail,among other things. The benefits are obvious: checking messages on the road,staying in touch with friends and family,efficiently using time once spent waiting around. The downside:often,we're effectively disconnecting from those in the same room. That's why,despite all the technology that makes communicating easier than ever,2010 was the Year We Stopped Talking to One Another. From texting at dinner to posting on Facebook from work or checking e-mail while on a date,the connectivity revolution is creating a lot of divided attention,not to mention social anxiety. Many analysts say it's time to step back and reassess. 'What we're going to see in the future is new opportunities for people to be plugged in and connected like never before,' says Scott Campbell. 'It can be a good thing,but I also see new ways the traditional social fabric   is getting somewhat torn apart.' Our days are filled with beeps and pings*----many of which pull us away from tasks at hand or face-to-face conversations. We may feel that the distractions are too much,but we can't seem to stop posting,texting or surfing. 'We're going through a period of adjustment and rebalancing,' says Sherry Turkle and she wants to remind people that technology can be turned off. 'Our human purposes are to really have connections with people,' she says. 'We have to reclaim it. It's not going to take place by itself.' \n Answer: 2010: The year technology made communicating easier.",
            "output": [
                "What can be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-40b18f9804e34d83acfe8ce12ae24831",
            "input": "Article: (BEIJING, August 10)--The Beijing Dailyhas put together a number of tips for cost-efficient travel in Beijing.  Subway transfer \"Transfer\" is a word frequently used by volunteers helping visitors choose the best way of transport during the ongoing Beijing Olympics to save time. On the seven subway lines now in operation, the transport authorities have set up a total of 16 transfer stations: Transfer between Line 2 and Line 1 at Jianguomen and Fuxingmen stations; Transfer between Line 2 and Line 5 at Chongwenmen and Yonghegong stations; Transfer between Line 2 and Line 13 at Dongzhimen and Xizhimen stations; Dongzhimen station can also bring you to Beijing Capital International Airport via the Airport Line; Transfer between Line 1 and Line Batong at Sihui and Sihuidong stations; Transfer from Line 1 to Line 10 at Guomao station to reach Zhongguancun, the north Third Ring Road (going north and west) or Jinsong (going south). Via Line 10, transfer to Line 8 at Beitucheng station to reach the Olympic central zone, where the \"Bird's Nest\" and other venues are located; transfer to Line 5 at Huixinxijie Nankou; transfer to Line 13 at Zhichunlu and Shaoyaoju stations; Sanyuanqiao station takes you to the airport via the Airport Line.  From subway to bus Beijing's subway system is thoroughly linked with bus routes. The Beijing Railway Station, which can be reached via the Line 2 subway, has bus lines going north, southeast and to the West Railway Station, covering Chaoyang, Tongzhou, Daxing and other districts. Xizhimen station is linked to many bus routes that go south and northeast. The long-distance bus routes near Dongzhimen station pass through Shunyi, Pinggu and other outskirts.  Park and ride Park and ride facilities allow commuters to leave their personal vehicles in a parking lot and transfer to a bus or rail system. In Beijing, because of city planning and other factors, park and ride is limited to bus and subway stations beyond the Fourth Ring Road. Since the Line 5 subway began operating, a low-fare parking lot, the largest in Beijing, was created at Tiantongyuan Beizhan station. Drivers are encouraged to spend just two yuan per day parking their vehicles and take the subway into the city. \n Answer: Zhichunlu and Shaoyaoju.",
            "output": [
                "At which of the station, passengers can go to the Beijing Capital International Airport by subway?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c2cd78c594df45378ba2146b0639d05e",
            "input": "Article: At the Presbyterian Church in downtown Harare, Zimbabwe, 15-year-old Lovemore and other children crowd around tables in a small room, answering questions in their workbooks. Their uniforms are clean and worn with pride, and in many ways it would be difficult to distinguish this classroom from any other. These children, like Lovemore, live at the Mbare bus station, a crowded, dirty and dangerous place for anyone, especially at night. Lovemore said that he started to face problems once his mother died and his father stopped paying school fees. When Lovemore's father remarried, Lovemore was forced onto the street, no longer welcome at home. After meeting a worker from the Presbyterian Children's Club (PCC), Lovemore felt encouraged to take advantage of the opportunity to get an education. Since joining the program, he is always at the top of his class. He spends his mornings at the PCC, where he receives his only meals for the day. At night, he sleeps on the ground at the bus station. The few clothes he owns are hidden in secret places around town so that no one will steal them. At the end of each day, Lovemore and his classmates take their books with them to study at night in the market square. \"We read by the street lights, but sometimes the guards drive us away.\" Each year, the top three students are given a chance to go to formal school. Those who successfully complete their grade-seven exams will be given a PCC scholarship to attend a boarding school , proving there is hope for forgotten children like Lovemore. Started in 1996, the program provides free education, basic meals, health care and clothing to more than 70 children. \"There are people who care here, and other kids like me,\" Lovemore said. \"It feels like this is my family.\" \n Answer: Opportunities for street children",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ebb3022b28884b8ca768b3ff3a555019",
            "input": "Article: Historians say Harriet Tubman was born in the year 1820.Nobody really knows.But we do know that Harriet Tubman was one of the bravest women ever born in the United States.     From a very early age, Harriet knew how slaves suffered.At six years old, she was sent to the fields.Working outside not only made her body strong but also made her learn about the Underground Railroad, through which she helped hundreds of people escape from slavery later.She also learned many things from other slaves, which one day would help her lead her people to freedom.She became more of a rebel  .     In 1844, at about age 24, she married a free black man named John Tubman.By now, Harriet was sure she wanted to try to escape.Suddenly, the time came.Her owner died.Though opposed by her husband, she decided to escape.With the help of the Underground Railroad, and through a variety of suffering she finally crossed the border into Pennsylvania, where slavery was banned  .Later, she told a friend, \"I felt like I was in heaven.\"     Now that Harriet was free, she did not forget the hundreds of other slaves back in Maryland.Harriet traveled back and forth eighteen times, helping about 300 slaves escape into free territory.She became an expert at hiding from slave hunter.The people she helped called her Moses.At one time anyone finding Harriet was promised $40,000 for catching her --dead or alive.     During the Civil War, Harriet Tubman went into enemy territory to spy for the North.She also served as a nurse.After four years of bloody fighting, the North won the war.     After the fighting ended, Harriet Tubman returned to Auburn, New York.She kept working.She traveled and gave speeches to raise money for better education for black children.She also worked for women's rights and housing.Harriet Tubman died in 1913.She was about 93 years old.By that time, she was recognized as an American hero.The United States government gave a funeral with military honors for the woman known a Moses. \n Answer: A secret organization.",
            "output": [
                "What can we say the Underground Railroad is?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73ac28def4e947368746f59357449e7d",
            "input": "Article: Driving In America Keep Right The traffic follows the \"keep right rule\". While driving, drive on the right side of the road. On one-way, multiple lanes  road, the right-most lane would be slowest and left-most lane is fastest. Hand Signals Though indicators  are used for the purpose of showing which direction you are going, knowing some hand signals is very important and are usually always asked in a driving test. When you want to turn right, you can put your left hand out of the window and point upward. When you want to make a left turn, you can reach your left arm out of the window and point to the left. If you want to slow down or stop, you can just point downward. School Buses Yellow school buses have flashing red lights and stop signs that reach out from the driver's side. The drivers use these warning signals when letting pupils on and off. No matter which side of the road you are traveling on, if you come upon a school bus with its lights flashing and a stop sign used, you must stop. It's the law. Remain stopped until the lights stop flashing or the stop sign is removed. Using the Horn Using horns is not common in America. Actually they are very rarely used. You may use your horn to warn walkers or other drivers of possible trouble or to avoid accidents. Do not use your horn to express anger or complain about other drivers' mistakes or to try to get a slow driver to move faster. \n Answer: Place left hand out of the window pointing backward.",
            "output": [
                "What could a driver do in America when turning left?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e7cd84ce0bde44f5b9f013254b05b320",
            "input": "Article: The oldest man had just celebrated his hundredth birthday and the reporter of a local paper called on him for an interview .Having congratulated the old man, the reporter asked a few questions. \"To what do you owe your long life?\" The old man thought for a moment and then holding up his hand and counting the items on his fingers, began,\" I never smoked, drank, or overate and always rise at six in the morning.\" \"But,\"the reporter didn't agree, saying,\" I had an uncle who acted in that way, yet he only lived to be eighty. How do you explain the cause of that?\" \" He didn't keep it up long enough,\" was the calm reply. \n Answer: shortly after his birthday",
            "output": [
                "When did the reporter call on the old man?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f7a2f2b6e78b4ea3beaede04fff3da48",
            "input": "Article: Children who spend more time outdoors may have a lower risk of becoming nearsighted, new research suggests. In the study, researchers looked at about 1,900 schoolchildren. The scientists found that the kids who had been instructed to spend more time outdoors over three years were 23 percent less likely to develop nearsightedness during this time than those who had not been instructed to spend more time outdoors. Moreover, among the kids who did become nearsighted during the study, the degree to which their eyesight worsened was slightly smaller among those who spent more time outdoors. The researchers selected six schools and required the children, whose average age was 7 at the start of the study, to attend one additional 60-minute class of outdoor activities during each school day for three years. The parents of these children were also encouraged to engage their children in outdoor activities after school, especially during weekends and holidays. The other half of the children, from another six schools, continued their usual activity patterns. Afterthree years, 30.4 percent of the kids in the intervention  group had become nearsighted, compared with 38.5 percent of the kids in the other group. It is not clear exactly why spending more time outside would benefit children's eyesight, the researchers said. However, some research has suggested that the higher levels of light intensity found outdoors may increase the release of the chemical dopamine  of the eye. In turn, dopamine is known to restrain the type of growth in the eye that is associated with nearsightedness. Based on the new results, the researchers recommend that children spend more time outdoors because of the potential benefits to their eyesight. However, it's important to protect kids' skin and eyes from UV light, which can be damaging. \n Answer: Attend an extra class of outdoor activities.",
            "output": [
                "What did the children in the intervention group do during each school day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-43b927027dc446e1a8329c6488c13437",
            "input": "Article: Discover the beautiful, silent, white world or Antarctica on the holidays of a life-time.Head South to Buenos Aires and then transfer to the world's most southern city, Ushuaia.From there, it's about 1,000 kilometers on a special icebreaker ship to the freezing temperature of Antarctica. Getting off the ship and taking your first step onto the ice, you will imagine what it is like to be an explorer.Meet penguins  sitting on their eggs, or see an Antarctic seal that lives all the year round on the ice.But do not get closer than five meters to any animal, in case you frighten it or make it angry. The friendly crew of the ship will look after you as you explore the ice continent. We promise you fantastic meals and a comfortable bed -- you sleep in a four-person cabin -- as well as many special treats.If you don't think it is cold enough, try the ''polar plunge\" -- jump into a special hole dug in the ice and dip your head under the water.You can then jump into a hot bath and if you succeed we will give you a certificate. After you wake up for the first time in the Antarctica you will understand why everybody who goes there falls in love with the place.The scenery is different every day because the sea ice is always moving. Our ships travel to Antarctica from November to March -- phone today and book your dream holiday! \n Answer: Never make them angry.",
            "output": [
                "How should you behave when you see animals on Antarctica?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f1b1acf836fa4626b6a20fc1c05fad2d",
            "input": "Article: The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. The WHO finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year. Indoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook-stoves in the home. To help fight the problem, the WHO announced, new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants. WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking? heating and lighting. And they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4. 3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple coal cook-stoves. Most of the deaths are in developing countries. Carlos Dora is Coordinator in the WHO's Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene fuel indoors. He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not improve the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors. WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, are also at risk. Nigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way. WHO experts note some new, safe and low-cost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction  stove for about  $ 8.00. And in Africa a you can buy a solar lamp for less than $ 1. 00. \n Answer: People are taught how to correctly use their stoves.",
            "output": [
                "What has been done to reduce indoor air pollution?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cdabf3d1fa30401eb0c0f2f181c65fd4",
            "input": "Article: His name was Fleming, and he was a poor Scottish farmer. One day, while trying to make a living for his family, he heard a cry for help coming from a nearby bog. He dropped his tools and ran to the bog. There, tapped to his waist in black mud, was a terrified boy, screaming and struggling to free himself. Farmer Fleming saved the boy from what could have been a slow and terrifying death. The next day, a fancy carriage pulled up to the Scotsman' s surroundings. An elegantly dressed nobleman stepped out and introduced himself as the father of the boy Farmer Fleming had saved. \"I want to repay you,\" said the nobleman. \"You saved my son' s life.\" \"No, I can'  t accept payment for what I did,\" the Scottish farmer replied, waving off the offer. At that moment, the farmer' s own son came to the door of the family hovel . \"Is that your son?\" the nobleman asked. \"Yes, \"the farmer replied proudly. \"I' ll make you a deal. Let me take him and give him a good education. If the boy is anything like his father, he' ll grow to a man you can be proud of.\" And that he did. In time, Farmer Fleming' s son graduated from St. Mary' s Hospita l Medical School in London, and went on to become known throughout the world as the noted Sir Alexander Fleming, the discoverer of penicillin. Years afterward, the nobleman' s son was stricken with pneumonia . What saved him? Penicillin. The name of the nobleman? Lord Randolph Churchill. His son' s name? Sir Winston Churchill. Someone once said, \"What goes around, comes around.\" \n Answer: Because he wanted to thank the great farmer for saving his child.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the nobleman come to the poor farmer' s house?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2fdecf89ab9b43c4969e6068c70a21b9",
            "input": "Article: When people think of Hollywood, they think of the city where dreams come true. This did not apply to F. Scott Fitzgerald, a screenwriter who had his share of ups and downs in this land. Fitzgerald was not a successful Hollywood writer because he was not good at the career path he chose. He was an amazing novelist, but his efforts of turning them into screenplays ended in disappointment and confusion. It was because of a lack of potential for screenwriting as well as his addiction and desire to be famous. Growing up as a boy, Fitzgerald went to movies a lot. He wanted to write stories that would eventually turn into movies. The problem was: just because Fitzgerald wanted to do something didn't necessarily mean that he was good at it. He made his attempts, but most of these efforts ended in disappointment because he thought about the change from script to screen too much. His plot was too detailed and complicated; his tone was too serious or his dialogue too sentimental . Fitzgerald's quick rise to fame also led to his fall. In life, things are not meant to happen all at once, all that the same time but it did for Fitzgerald. At his best time, three of his early stories were made into short films, including The Great Gatsby and Babylon Revisited. As the twenties approached, he was gradually forgotten by the reading public. He became drunk and constantly took pills both to sleep and wake up. His marriage was destroyed and his wife broke down mentally. He seemed unsure about his life. Fitzgerald had another chance at success when many opportunities came his way, including revisions of Emlyn William's play The Light of Heart and production of one of his own scripts, Cosmopolitan. However, these were all put aside and he was right back where he started, left behind and called a \"ruined man\". Fitzgerald simply wanted too much in his life. He wanted \"to be both a great novelist and a Hollywood success, to write songs like Cole Porter and poetry like John Keats\". His addiction to fame held him back and led to his failure as a Hollywood writer. \n Answer: He was not talented in screenwriting.",
            "output": [
                "Which is a reason that Fitzgerald failed in screenwriting?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f14679c617f4d0c804351f9f0c41610",
            "input": "Article: Being less than perfectly well-dressed in a business setting can result in a feeling of discomfort. And the sad truth is that \"clothing mismatches\" on the job can ruin the day of the person who is wearing the inappropriateattire --and the people with whom he or she works. Offices vary when it comes to dress codes. Some businesses have very strict standards for office attire, while others maintain a more relaxed attitude. However, it is always important to remember that no matter what your company's attitude is, you are working in a business environment and you should dress properly. Certain items may be more appropriate for evening wear than for a business meeting, just as shorts and a T-shirt are better suited for the beach than for an office environment. Your attire should reflect both your environment and your position. A senior president has a different image to maintain than that of a secretary. Like it or not, you will be judged by your appearance. This is never more apparent than on \"dress-down days\", when what you wear can say more about you than any business suit ever could. In fact, people will pay more attention to what you wear on dress-down days than on \"business professional \" days. Thus, when dressing in \"business casual\" clothes, try to put some good taste into your choices, recognize that the \"real\" definition of business casual is to dress just onenotch  down from what you would normally wear on business-professional attire days. Remember, there are borders between your career and our social life. You should dress one way for play and another way when you mean business. Always ask yourself where you are going and how other people will be dressed when you get there. Is the final destination the opera, the beach, or the office? Dress properly and you will discover the truth in the principle that clothes make the man--and the woman. When you're in doubt, it's safe to be on the side of dressing slightly more traditionally than the situation demands. \n Answer: How to dress properly in a business setting.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76df606beef3415780cf5dad39cbc953",
            "input": "Article: Those accustomed to looking through thousands of books in big bookstores may find  Japan's Morioka Shoten a little strange.That's because this tiny bookstore that is located in  luxury shopping district of Ginza,in Tokyo offers just one title to its customers. Opened in May 2015,Morioka Shoten(Japanese for bookstore)is the brainchild of Yoshiyuki Morioka.The experienced bookseller began his career as a bookstore clerk in Tokyo's Kanda district before branching out to open his own store.It was here while organizing book readings that he realized that customers usually came into the store with one title in mind.Morioka began to wonder if a store could exist by selling many copies of just one single book.In November 2014,he partnered with his two friends,to establish a unique bookstore with the idea'A Single Room,A Single Book.' Like its offering,the bookstore is simple.The selections that are picked by Morioka change weekly and vary widely to attract customers with different interests.Recent choices include The True Deceiver,all award-winning Swedish novel by Tove Jansson,Hans Christian Andersen's Fairy Tales.and a collection of artist Karl Blossfeldt's photography of plants.Morioka has also displayed books written by famous Japanese authors Mimei Ogawa and ito Akagi. To highlight his single offering,Morioka often uses clever methods.For example,when selling a book about flowers,he decorated his shop with the ones that had been mentioned in the book.He also encourages featured authors to hold multiple talks and discussions so they can connect with customers.Morioka says his ultimate goal is for the customers to perience being inside a book,not just a bookstore! Risky as the idea might seem,things appear to be going well.Morioka says he has sold over 2,100 books since he opened it.Things can only get better given that his bookstore is becoming increasingly popular not just among the locals but also visitors from other countries* \n Answer: It sells only one kind of book each week.",
            "output": [
                "What is unusual about Morioka Shoten?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0fc9babb3281461fb4e23c1d59c5e495",
            "input": "Article: I credit my typing skill to so many hours of chatting online. Unfortunately, as my typing speed increased on the Internet, all grammatical rules _ You see instant messages have their own shorthand language and grammar isn't important, of which even a newbie   is aware. They can leave out articles, subjects  , pronouns, etc. They can misspell or \"respell\" almost any word. They often ask \"A/S/L\" when they first chat. Abbreviations   and capitalizations   are particularly important. English-speaking instant messengers also refuse to burden themselves with punctuation and capitalization. After I came back China, I discovered not one but two instant messaging crazes. The first, which brought back memories of my previous addiction to the computer, was QQ. I can see evidence that the Chinese have the same kind of separate instant messaging language, even when they chat in English. My first word in this language, for example, was \"ft\". This abbreviation for \"faint\" is used whenever there is a need to express surprise. I also discovered that Chinese use the same kind of abbreviation for a laugh. And there is an extraordinary number of smileys   to the \"vomit\" and \"army soldier\" smileys. There is even a SARA smiley. After QQ, there is another, perhaps more widespread messaging trend. You guessed it --- cell phone text messaging. I now understand how useful text messaging is and why it is so common. I admit that I have been guilty of sending text messages while walking outside or sitting on the subway. Who hasn't ? No matter where I go, I see people on their cell phones, messaging. In fact, it's rare to see someone actually talking on their phone! So it looks as if there is no escape from the instant messaging crazes, no matter where in the world I go. And that's plainly not going to change. In the end, though, I can't complain: instant messaging is quick, it's cheap, it's easy and it's extremely fun too. And after all, everyone's doing it. \n Answer: There are enough smileys and icons to express yourselves while chatting on line.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6182b46876c94477a2611db8f4a59985",
            "input": "Article: Heavy snow and low temperatures caused further damage across northern Europe on Monday--stranding  travelers,snarling traffic and shutting schools. More than 1,000 flights at Germany's main airports in Frankfurt,Munich and Berlin were _ and many more delayed after up to 40 cm of fresh snow covering the country.Some 500 passengers slept at Frankfurt airport.Airlines advised passengers to take trains if possible. In the United Kingdom,British Airways said the severe weather continued to cause great damage to operations and further travel.Only one of two runways at London Heathrow,the world's busiest international airport,was operating after the snowstorm.Other UK airports were open,but many flights were canceled,and many passengers spent a second night at an airport terminal . Northern France was also covered by heavy snow.Air travel was reduced at Paris' two main airports,with Orly airport shutting down. In Poland,hard hit by the cold weather,six people froze to death on Sunday night,raising the death toll to 114 in the last month.Heavy snow stopped Warsaw traffic again on Monday.Warsaw airport was open but was receiving far fewer passengers than usual because of flight cancellations in western Europe. \n Answer: That workers were on strike for better public traffic.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following was NOT related to heavy snow and low temperatures?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7f415e57314c4d68ba67ad4d3a4116ec",
            "input": "Article: For the last 10 years, job listing site CareerBuilder has put out a list called \"The Most Unbelievable Excuses for Calling in Sick.\" For example, an employee said he couldn't come in because his false teeth flew out the window while he was driving down the highway. The excuses were gathered through a survey that ran among 3,000 workers and 2,000 hiring managers. The list is entertaining but there is a more serious issue hidden in this story. Federal law does not require private employers to give any paid sick leave, making the US the only one of the world's wealthiest nations that doesn'tguarantee workers this right. Since 2006, cities and states have been adopting their own paid sick leave laws. California, Washington. DC and 13 cities including New York now require many employers to provide some sort of paid sick leave. But according to the Institute for Women's Policy Research, 39% of private employees still have no access to paid days off. In the CareerBuilder survey, 38% of respondents said they go to work when they're sick because they can't afford to miss a day's pay. The survey also shows that workers are taking a risk when they come up with _ excuses. Nearly one in five employers says they have fired an employee for calling in sick with a fake excuse. If you're spending the day at the beach while pretending to be ill, don't post about it on Facebook. Nearly one in four employers (24%) has caught an employee lying about being sick by checking social media. The motto of this story: If you really are sick, don't come to work and spread your bacteria around the office. But if you just want to stay home, go with \"I'm running a fever.\" rather than one of these ridiculous excuses. \n Answer: Many employees have no access to paid sick leave.",
            "output": [
                "What problem is exposed in the survey?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-000689f8ab7b461a98227d048906020d",
            "input": "Article: Three years have passed since I entered the university. I haven't seen many of my classmates after we parted when the college entrance examination was over. So we decided to have a get-together party this summer vacation. As you can imagine, I could hardly wait to have the day for our reunion. After several month's waiting, 25 of my former higher school classmates and 3 of our teachers were crowded in a small restaurant near our high school. We were more than happy to meet with each other again. Our former Chinese teacher was so excited that he even choked   to say some words. With gratitude, we thanked our teachers for their hard work; with great joy, we exchanged the happy things happening in each of our present colleges; We talked before someone shouted. \"Oh, it is 11:30 now.\" But no one would be the first to say goodbye to others . I shall always bear this unforgettable get-together in my mind. With time passing, I believe I will meet many new friends, but I think the friendship among high school classmates will be the purest and will be the most valuable thing to cherish. \n Answer: He is a university student.",
            "output": [
                "What is the writer probably?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ab895aa8c3a4bdbb93dbce2c7f4b7d9",
            "input": "Article: Alex Taw,a 21yearold student from Wiltshire,England.He spent last summer like any other high school graduate--hanging out with friends,preparing for college,worrying about his university fees.While most of his peers gave up on their pipe dreams,he sat down with a notebook at home,and jotted down   the question:How can I become a millionaire? The result was the MillionDollarHomepage.com.Alex's initial investment was 50 pounds to buy web space and a domain   name.He divided the blank homepage into one million pixels  ,10,000 blocks of 100 pixels each.Each pixel was worth $1 with minimum purchase 100 pixels.Within a month Alex had earned some $37,000,enough for him to cover the entire cost of his forthcoming three years at university.In just a few months,he became a real millionaire. How did he come up with the idea of the Million Dollar Homepage? \"Well,I was trying to think of a way to make some money before I started university,as I was about to take on a huge debt and I was already overdrawn  .Swift action was necessary!\"He said. He also added,\"The important thing is that anything is possible--we are only limited by our imagination.I always had this belief that a good idea can be successful on its own.I think I've learnt that if we think deeper there are magical solutions hiding away for us to find.\" His personal philosophy around money is:Money is not everything,but it's an essential part of the way we live. _  He also said,\"I still want to go to university.Aside from gaining knowledge about business,there are other reasons--exploring your interests,meeting new people,and being in a creative environment.\" Besides making contributions to society,he would try to encourage and inspire people to think of creative solutions to problems,whatever they are. \n Answer: Great investment.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage,which of the following is NOT an important factor for being a millionaire?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cfc7e9ad02a34b2bba0d24ecf4684394",
            "input": "Article: Last summer, when Amanda R of Anaheim Hills, California, was running on a cross-country course with her team, she blacked out. \"I got really dizzy,\" she says. \"I was out for a few minutes.\" At first, Amanda thought she was just tired and didn't think she had a health problem. She did go to the emergency room, where she was fine after tests, but she fainted   again several days later as she was talking with her coach. Another doctor guessed that Amanda had blacked out \"because we were in heat so much with not enough water and not enough of the right kind of foods\". Teens often don't want to stop and take a break or don't notice when they start to feel bad, doctors say. However, paying attention if you're not feeling well is important, as Amanda learned. As a result, Amanda has changed her habits. \"I drink a lot more water,\" she says. \"And put more salt in my diet. I'm eating more balanced meals.\" Amanda advises teen athletes to trust their coaches and speak up when they're not feeling well. \"And recognize the difference between when you're tired and when there's something really wrong.\" Some people - up to 3 percent of the population - sweat too much, even in cold weather. The condition, called hyperhidrosis  , can affect many parts and it often runs in families - hands down from generation to generation. Too much sweating over the whole body could be a symptom of another medical condition. Doctors aren't sure what causes hyperhidrosis, but using special medications or other treatments can help. \n Answer: She neither drank enough water nor ate enough of the right kind of foods.",
            "output": [
                "What caused the happening mentioned in the passage during Amanda's running?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-049c4403bb224d27beef587772925466",
            "input": "Article: The lights dimmed,the musical hall grew quiet and out walked the conductor   shiny and white and 4 feet and 3 inches tall. ASIMO, a robot designed by Honda Motor Co., met its latest challenge Tuesday evening: Conducting the Detroit Symphony  , in a performance of \"The Impossible  Dream\" from \"Man of La Mancha\". \"Hello, everyone,\" ASIMO said to the audience in a childlike voice, then waved to the orchestra. As it conducted, it perfectly mimicked   the actions of a conductor, nodding its head at various sections and gesturing with one or both hands. ASIMO took a final bow to excited shouts from the audience. Later, cellist Yo-Yo Ma joined ASIMO onstage to receive an award for his efforts in music education. Honda spokeswoman Alicia Jones says it is the first time ASIMO has conducted an orchestra, and it may be the first time any robot has conducted a live performance. But ASIMO has its  limits. ASIMO's engineers programmed the robot to mimic Charles Burke, the Detroit Symphony's education director, as he conducted the piece in front of a pianist about six months ago. But it can't respond to the musicians. \"It's not a communicative device. It simply is programmed to do a set of gestures,\" said Leonard Slatkin, the orchestra's musical director. \"If the orchestra decides to go faster, there's nothing the robot can do about it. Hopefully, I keep that under control.\" But several musicians also said ASIMO was more realistic than they expected. \"The movements are still a little stiff  , but very humanlike, much better than I thought,\" Hutchinson said. \n Answer: Astonished.",
            "output": [
                "What's the audience's response to ASIMO's performance?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-99ab0217d3374d1eaf02a69ab0931cec",
            "input": "Article: Robby was 11 when his mother dropped him off for his first piano lesson. I prefer students begin at an earlier age. Robby insisted that it had always been his mother's dream to hear him play the piano, so I took him in as a student. Robby tried and tried while I listened and encouraged him and gave him more instructions  . But he just did not have any inborn ability. I only saw his mother from a distance. She always waved and smiled but never came in. Then one day Robby stopped coming to our lessons. I thought about calling him but I guessed he had decided to try something else.  _ . However, several weeks before the recital   of my students, Robby came,telling me that he never stopped practicing and begged me to allow him to take part. I agreed but I made him perform last in the program, so I could always save his poor performance through my \"curtain closer\". I was surprised when he announced that he had chosen one piece of Mozart's. Never had I heard a piece of Mozart's played so well by someone at his age. When he finished, everyone was cheering. I ran up and put my arms around Robby in joy. \"I've never heard you play like that, Robby!  How'd you do it?\" \"Well, Miss Hondorf. Do you remember I told you my mom was sick? Actually she died this morning. She was born deaf so tonight was the first time she could hear me play. I wanted to make it special. I knew I could.\"  That night, Robby was the teacher and I was the student. He taught me so many important things about life. \n Answer: His mother was too sick to send him to the piano lessons.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Robby stop coming to the piano lessons suddenly?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73a19722344c43799db080079648c05e",
            "input": "Article: Buster Brown was a thief and a good one too,he thought. He'd never been caught by the police because he never took chances.He was always prepared for any unforeseen event or emergency. Confidently,he stood outside the house of his intended victim and read the sign on the front gate of the house.\"Don't worry about the dog--be aware of the owner!\" it said.Buster smiled and found his way in. The house looked quite normal outside,but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display.As he began putting them into his bag,a dog came into the room.It stopped when it saw Buster,then wagged its tail madly and went over to him,licking his outstretched hand.  \"Good boy,\" Buster whispered. \"What a great guard dog you are--trying to lick me to death.\" Satisfied he'd made friends with the dog,Bluster began to wander round the house,choosing items to put in his bag.His skilled eye picked out only the best antiques :a pair of silver candleholders,a silver tea-and-coffee service,etc..His new friend,the dog,sat and watched,as if wondering what was happening. \"Well,boy,\" Buster whispered,finally.\"That might do.Any more and I won't be able to carry it!\" He swung the heavy bag onto his shoulders, just as the lights came on, nearly blinding him. He shielded his eyes with his hand. \"You're a very silly person,\" the figure in the doorway said, his voice dry and dust. As the man came closer, Buster could see he was well dressed. His face seemed familiar, but Buster couldn't quite place where he had seen him before. \"You should have taken more notice of the sign outside,\" the man rasped. \"I knew about this attempted robbery last week and I also know you will end up behind bars for 20 years. Fancy trying to rob the house of the world's greatest fortune-teller!\" \n Answer: He had never been caught by the police.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Buster so confident?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0bd41b9f74984df3b0f10a4dadc48f9a",
            "input": "Article: Since weeks ago, China has been involved in a worldwide A/H1N1 flu that has already killed more than 80 people in the middle of May, 2009, in Mexico and has turned into a global _ . The central government has asked people entering China from the virus-hit countries to report flu-like symptoms to the authorities.In an emergency notice issued on Saturday night, the country's top quality watchdog ordered the Customs to check passengers' temperature, too.          A Beijing airport official Li said Customs officers are on a high alert level. \"Three temperature detectors are now in operation.We're ready with protection garments and equipment, too.Passengers flying in from Mexico and other A/H1N1 flu-hit countries are being monitored closely,\" he said. The Ministry of Health, however, said yesterday there was no evidence to suggest that a person would contract the disease by eating pork. Hong Kong, too, has raised its alert level against the flu to \"serious\".Secretary for Food&Health, Mr.York Chow urged people to avoid visiting places from where A/H1N1 flu cases have been reported, and said the virus would be added to Hong Kong's list of the diseases which have been noticed. The terrible A/ H1N1 flu has been contracted by about 4000 people in Mexico, and most of the killed were aged between 25 and 45. The virus has also infected about 5,000 people in the US.The US Center for Disease Control said this kind of virus is spreading from human to human, raising fears of a global pandemic. \n Answer: All the people are strongly affected by A/H1 N1 flu.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d027ca131ac24e8b8d55609f9ef78d77",
            "input": "Article: Future Life Pets By DogTown Media, LLC Open iTunes to buy and download apps. *Price: $2.99 *Category: Lifestyle *Updated: Jan 07, 2012 *Version: 1.1 *Size: 36.3 MB *Language: English *Seller: DOG TOWN MEDIA *(c) DogTown Media LLC Description DISCOVER FUTURE LIFETIMES WITH YOUR PETS You can be transported into the future to be reunited with your pet in another place and time. As an internationally recognized psychic  and best-selling author, Anne Jirsch will be your guide in this fascinating meditation   game. Future Life Pets will take you into a state of deep relaxation to help you understand this special condition. With expert hypnosis   you can discover how your paths will cross in your future lifetime. WHAT PEOPLE ARE SAYING \"I immediately saw I was riding a tall black and white horse and you've guessed it --it was my dog and this time he was bigger than ever.\" --Mike from Kansas City. \"Seeing both my cats in the future lifetime has given me so much joy. They are both cats again next time around, only a lot bigger and smoother. I clearly saw them both lie by my feet just as they do right now.\" --Felicity from Manchester, UK. The regular buyers of Anne's products include heads of industry, politicians, and celebrities of all kinds. She is a world famous psychic and author of three books Instant Intuition, The Future is Yours, and Cosmic Energy. More than a billion people in the world believe in the truth of meditation, through which we'll gain a greater understanding of our pets and ourselves. Prepare for the experience as the results are astonishing. \n Answer: English",
            "output": [
                "If we want to use the app of Future Life Pets, what kind of language should we know?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eb8f40f8936e48c085a61528029d2df6",
            "input": "Article: It's hard not to feel cheated and over-charged when you receive unexpected roaming   charges while traveling abroad--whether they come from making phone calls or checking e-mails. Jeff Gardner received an $ 11,000 bill from Verizon after spending four days in Jamaica. Before the trip, Mr. Gardner, who runs a fly-fishing business in Grayling, Michigan, said he called Verizon to find out what it would cost to use his cellphone for calls and his wireless card to check e-mails while in Jamaica. He said he was told that calls would be about $ 2 a minute and that there would be no extra charges for data as he was on an unlimited plan. _ . \"I don't mind paying a fair amount for fair service, but $11,000 for four days is ridiculous,\" said Mr. Gardner, who used his phone carefully and economically on the trip. He also tried to check and send e-mails using his wireless card, but quickly gave up after the e-mails didn't go through. Still, his Verizon bill said more than 500,000 kilobytes   of data was delivered while he was in Jamaica, an amount Mr. Gardner said is 100 times what he normally uses in a month. As travelers increasingly use smart phones abroad in the same way they do at home--to check e-mails, update Facebook and Twitter and pull up online maps--many are facing costly roaming fees, which providers charge when customers use their phones outside their service area. In fact, roaming charges have gotten so out of hand that the Federal Communications Commission has proposed a plan that would require wireless companies to send their customers a voice or text message when they are approaching their plan's limit, when they have reached that limit and when they are starting to result in roaming fees. \n Answer: To find out information about roaming charges.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jeff Gardner call Verizon before his trip to Jamaica?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-37a75c85f9e6439e85506a2cf1ee9661",
            "input": "Article: Last summer holiday, I took a trip to Yunnan. It is in the southern part of our country .It is really a very beautiful place-grand mountains, clean rivers and kind people. Trees and flowers are seen everywhere. Every year there are lots and lots of visitors. Maybe you have heard about Shi Lin (stone forests). There are all kinds of strange stones. Some of the small stones look like graceful girls; and the big stones look like handsome men. Other stones look like cats, peafowls, double-edged swords, mice, elephants and so on. Of all the stones, the stone like a beautiful girl in a legend is the most famous .Its name is A Shima. I also went to Li Jiang. The roads in that city are just like the Eight Diagrams. Any road in the city goes to the center of Li Jiang. A river runs through the whole city. If you go along the river, you'll never get lost. There are many ethnic minority people in Yunnan. They are very cordial. And they all like singing and dancing. We danced with them around the campfire that night. I really had a good time. I like the elephants and fruits there best. An elephant is even taller than me! I even mounted the elephant, though I was very afraid at first. But the elephant seemed very friendly. I took some photos with it. The fruits there are very fresh and delicious. They are very good for our health. The trip to Yunnan impressed me greatly. I will never forget it. \n Answer: good transports.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not included in the advantages of Yunnan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b6c02fa02d784e969f00f92164da6bf2",
            "input": "Article: Ellis Island is located in New York. Harbor Ellis Isl and is open daily year-round from 9:30 a.m. to 5 p. m. , with extended hours during summer. It is closed December 25. There is no admission charge to Ellis Island; donations are gratefully accepted. At Your Fingertips Park information      (212)363-7620 Emergencies         (212)363-3260 Ferry boat information  (212)269-5755 Lost and found          (212)363-7620 Dining, gifts, & audio tour (212)344-0996 Transportation Statue of Liberty a nd Ellis Island Ferry: Boats leave from Battery Park, Manhattan, and from Liberty State Park, New Jersey. They run about every 30 to 45 minutes beginning at 9:15 a. m. (ferry schedule subject to change) Hours: May vary; call the number below Closed: December 25 Ferry fees: (Includes Liberty and Ellis Islands) adults, $7; senior citizens, $6; children(age 3 to 17), $3. (group rates are available for 25 or more adults) Ticket & schedule information:    (212)269-5755 \n Answer: (212)269-5755",
            "output": [
                "Which number would you call if your friend were suddenly ill?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1ebefb8fcad14aadafeaa084b1420bae",
            "input": "Article: Five-year-old Joe Brown isn't backward at coming forward about what he thinks of his big sisters, Rosie and Matilda.  \"They're horrible and ugly,\" he said, with a grin . \"Horrible and ugly.\" Then again, his sisters aren't always over-fond of their young brother, either. \"When Joe was born, Matilda said she was going to kill him before he was three because she really envied him,\" said the eldest, 13-year-old Rosie. \"She used to get all the special attention and now she doesn't any more.\" As for Matilda, 11, she too can be quite cruel. \"Joe's the one that's most annoying,\" she said. It's somehow certain to know that kids act the same no matter who their parents are -- in this case actors Bryan Brown and Rachel Ward. And the couple agreed to let their children have freedom when it came to them participating in a Telling-the-Truth ABC TV program about brothers and sisters. The TV program invites an American expert on the subject, Frank J. Sulloway, who tells how our personalities are often shaped by our order of birth, position in the family and relationships between brothers and sisters. First-borns tend to be conservative , ambitious and close to their parents. Those coming later have to make a conscious effort to be different in order to successfully compete for their parents' attention. As a result, the youngest children tend to end up history's great risk-takers, rebels or movers and shakers. \"This kind of relationships is really the key personality-forming relationships of all our lives,\" said Ms Sauers, a secondary school teacher. \"The relationships are generally the longest relationships we have; they go from childhood to old age.\" \"A lot of people feel those relationships really  _ because, with brothers and sisters, you can't get away with anything bad.\" \"As for Joe, Rosie and Matilda, their daily battles over clothes, musical instruments, who performs best in sport and parental love are as regular as any other kids.\" \"And considering who their mum and dad are, they're very normal and unaffected.\" \n Answer: Actors Bryan Brown and Rachel Ward are asked to act Joe, Matilda and Rosie's parents.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is wrong according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b6c9bb7a667349ce9e69f8ab76b73a47",
            "input": "Article: JK Rowling, the Harry Potter author, has signed a deal with Little, Brown and Company, to publish her first ever novel for adults, which is set to become one of the most anticipated   book in years. The deal means that Rowling's long-standing relationship with Bloomsbury, the London-based publisher that launched   the Harry Potter books, has come to an end, at least in terms of new works by the author. Rowling is keeping her fans guessing about the characters and plot of her new book. She only said that the new novel will be nothing like the Harry Potter series, which was sold over 30 million copies in the UK alone. She thought that with the move from children's to adult fiction, a switch to a new publisher seemed like a natural and reasonable step. She said, \"Although I've enjoyed writing it every bit as much, this book will be very different from the Harry Potter series. The freedom to explore a new field is a gift that Harry's success has brought me.\" Ian Rankin, the Edinburgh-based author whose highly-successful detective novels are also set in the city, suggested Rowling's book will be a crime novel. \"Wouldn't it be funny if JK Rowling's first novel for adults turned out to be a crime story set in Edinburgh?\" he said. Industry insiders guessed that the deal is worth more than PS5 million and the new book is expected to come out later this year. A spokesman said, \"JK Rowling's audience is vast and her position is unique. Harry Potter books were a global success and her fans are very loyal. Children that were eight, nine, or ten when the books first came out in the 1990s are now in their 20s. Plenty of adults, loved the books regardless of whether they had children, so the potential market for her is huge.\" \n Answer: JK Rowling has to switch to a new publisher in order to publish her new book.",
            "output": [
                "What does the text mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0536115e45f540068717b9301bbfd21f",
            "input": "Article: Early in the 18th century, Captain Cook, a famous explorer of Australia, unexpectedly caught sight of an unusual animal during his first visit to Australia. The animal had a large mouse like head and jumped along on its large legs. To his great surprise, the unusual animal carried its young in a special pocket of flesh. Captain Cook pointed to the animal which was eating grass in the distance and asked his native guide what the animal was referred to. The guide seemed not to know that he was pointing at and finally said \"Kang-a-roo\", but their requests were met with puzzled looks of the native people. Before long they got to discover that the native guide who made the answer to Cook's question really meant, \"I don't know what you pointing at. \" Funny enough, the name \" Kang-a-roo\", stuck and it is still in use today. \n Answer: Captain Cook was a lover of wild animals.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac9c99fa04854c30b0463bea5f73b8e2",
            "input": "Article: Between 1996 and 2010, according to a study published in 2012, the use of computed tomography (CT)  scans nearly increased by three times as much, from 52 scans per 1,000 patients to 149 scans per 1,000 patients. And those images certainly provided valuable information to help doctors diagnose  hidden conditions that wouldn't have been possible without the added insight. But CT scans produce those detailed images using small amounts of radiation, and while the   risk of that exposure is small, on a population level, increased reliance on the scans could drive a slight bump in cancer risk from CT. That's exactly what the latest study, published in the British Medical Journal, found. It's the largest study to date -- involving 10.9 million Australians born between 1985 and 2005. A team of researchers from Australia and Europe studied the cancer rates of Australian patients from birth to 19 years old who had CT scans in early childhood, and compared them to those who did not receive the scans. Most of the cases were followed for 10 to 17 years, and by the end of the study period, 3,150 of the 680,000 patients exposed to CT scans during childhood and young adulthood developed cancer and 57,542 of the remaining participants, who were not exposed, developed cancer. Those who were scanned had a 24% greater risk of cancer than those who did not receive them, with the risk increasing by 16% for each additional CT. The risk was highest for children who received scans before age five; they showed a 35% increased chance of developing a cancer during the study period than those who weren't scanned at this age. That research is still ongoing, however, and in the meantime, doctors and patients are left to find the delicate balance between how necessary scans are to diagnose disease, and their potential risk of causing cancer, which, most experts say, is still very small. \"All parties, including patients and families, need to work together to make sure that CT scans are limited to situations where there is a definite  clinical  indication,\" the authors write. Only then will the benefits, they say, outweigh the risks of exposure. \n Answer: About 10.22 million of them hadn't received CT scans.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the participants of the study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ec802b87deda4135b7eb64baf6b3dc3e",
            "input": "Article: The USA is a land of immigrants. Between 1815 and 1914, the world witnessed the greatest peaceful migration in its history: 35 million people, mostly Europeans, left their homelands to start new lives in America. Why did these people risk everything by leaving their homes and families? First, what forced emigrants to make the decision to leave? One major cause for European farmers to leave was the rise in population which in turn led to land hunger. Another was politics. There was an increased taxation and the growth of armies, and many young men fled eastern Europe to avoid being forced to join the army. Physical hunger provided another pressing reason. Following the collapse  of the economy of southern Italy in the 1860s, hundreds of thousands decided to start a new life in America. Religion also encouraged millions to leave the Old World. In short, people chose to leave their homes for social, economic and religious reasons. As a result, by 1890 among a total population of 63 million, there were more than nine million foreign-born Americans. But what were the attractions? First of all, there was the promise of land which was so scarce in Europe. Next, factories were calling for workers, and pay conditions were much better than back home. Men were needed to open up the West and build the long railroads, and new towns needed settlers to live in and to develop business. There was the space for religious people to practice their faith in peace. This immigration meant that by around the 1850s Americans of non-English had started to be more than those of English. As we know, there were losers. To start with, there were those unwilling immigrants, the slaves who had been used as a source of cheap labour. Nor should we forget the equally unlucky American Indians. By 1860 there were 27 million free whites, four million slaves and a mere 488,000 free blacks. Nowadays, the USA is still seen by millions as the Promised Land. As always, it remains an attractive place to those who think it will offer them a second chance. \n Answer: The search for adventure.",
            "output": [
                "What is not the cause for people to leave their homeland?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-218a8784d2d84eada7dea8532d15e937",
            "input": "Article: One day Mrs. Perry said to her husband, Jack, there is a meeting of our ladies' club at Mrs. Young's house at lunch time today. And I want to go to it. I'll leave you some food for your lunch. Is that all right?\" \"Oh, yes,\" her husband answered, \"that's quite all right. What are you going to leave for my lunch?\" \"This tin of fish.\" Mrs. Perry said. \"And there are some cold boiled potatoes and some beans here, too.\" \"Good,\" Mr. Perry answered. \"I'll have a good lunch.\" So Mrs. Perry went to her meeting. All the ladies had lunch at Mrs. Young's house , and at three o'clock she came home. \"Was your fish nice?\" asked she. \"Yes, but my feet are hurting,\" he answered. \"Why are they hurting?\" \"Well, the words on the tin were Open the tin and stand in hot water for five minutes.\" \n Answer: Mr. Perry liked fish.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e2301ab229554d5cbd18c0fbc0d4fb40",
            "input": "Article: Pepito the Brave    By Scott Beck, Dutton, ISBN 0-525-46524-3, $12.99    Ah, the time in life when one has to leave home. No one seems to have as hard a time with it as Pepito. Pepito is a little bird who needs to leave the nest, but the problems is, he's afraid of heights. This makes flying away a bit of a problem, so like most people (or birds in this case) he avoids it, when he finds himself in a new situation, someone happens to give him some advice. A fox suggests he run to where he's going (I got nervous when he came across a fox, _ , a frog tells him to hop, a gopher to burrow . After his various attempts not to fly, he makes it to his brothers' and sister's new tree, and realizes that what he's done is much harder than actually trying to fly. It's a charming story with a good message--often facing up to our fears is much easier than running from them.        The Stray Dog   By Marc Simont, HarperCollins, ISBN 0-06-028933-3, $15.95 As someone who has taken in his share of stray animals, I can totally relate to the family in The Stray Dog. While picnicking one day, they befriend a dog that wanders by. Everyone immediately falls in love, but they leave him behind, figuring he belongs to someone else. But as the week goes by, none of them can get the dog, which they've named Willy, off their mind. So naturally the next Saturday they go back to that same place to see if Willy's still there. They find that not only does he not have an owner, but they've arrived just in time to prevent a catastrophe. Kids who love animals will definitely _ in the action, and even those who don't will appreciate the quick thinking children who save the day. \n Answer: They are for people who have pets.",
            "output": [
                "Who are these two books written for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4e2ae6656194357b58992bede769117",
            "input": "Article: Bats are impressive creatures. They are known to carry dangerous diseases like SARS without getting sick. So researchers wanted to know: How do bats fight off so many deadly diseases? Learning their secret could help doctors better treat humans who have these diseases, therefore saving millions of lives. To solve this problem, a team of researchers from Australia and China analyzed bat DNA. The scientists studied two kinds of bats--the Australian megabat, known as the flying fox, and the Chinese microbat. The scientists then arranged the bat genome   in order by comparing their DNA. The researchers now think that the special immunity   to illness that bats have may be connected to their ability to fly. Bats are the only mammals   that can truly fly. Flying uses up a lot of energy. The energy burned for flying produces something in the animal called free radicals  . Free radicals can damage DNA and lead to diseases such as cancer. However, bats are not affected by free radicals produced during flight. The reason is that bats carry special genes to repair any damaged DNA. Scientists think that because bats fly and produce free radicals, they've evolved to carry genes that shaped their special immune system. \"We're thinking that the evolution of flight led to a sort of effect, influencing not only the immune system but also things like aging and cancer,\" says Chris Cowled, of the Australian Animal Health Laboratory. \"We think we've really found something special.\" Researchers believe that this discovery might one day be key to helping humans fight diseases such as cancer that attack the immune system and damage DNA. \n Answer: Researchers studied bats to help save people.",
            "output": [
                "What's true about bats according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d7407fbe032c43f2ad522d5b96c1e9a4",
            "input": "Article: New research shows sheep are clever People often make jokes about how dull sheep are, but new research shows they may be cleverer than we think. Researchers at the University of Cambridge discovered that Welsh mountain sheep have brainpower that equals rodents  . Tests found that the sheep can map the area they live in, and some may even be able to plan ahead. Young fish prefer noisy neighbors A new study has shown that young fish like to live on reefs with noisy neighbors! Researchers from the universities of Auckland and Bristol found that young fish looking for a home choose areas where other noisy fish live. The scientists produced all kinds of sounds which had been recorded in different natural environments. The young fish seemed to prefer the sounds of natural reefs, complete with noisy animals! The scientists compared the choice to a music fan wandering around at a music festival, choosing to set up a tent closest to the music they like best! Butterflies are disappearing A new study has shown that 17 species   of butterfly found in Europe have dropped by 70% in the last 20 years. The information collected from 3,000 sites across 15 countries shows it may be caused by the loss   of grasslands covered with flowers. You can encourage butterflies to come into your garden by planting flowers. \n Answer: Some new studies about animals.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a0b544324ba04473996098e2e77d6e87",
            "input": "Article: The latest fashion in Japan is posing for photos with your hand pressed against your cheek as if you have toothache. The \"cavity  pose\" is said to make the model's face appear attractive, slimmer and smaller, which is considered more beautiful in Japan. The craze is sweeping Japanese social media, as well as fashion magazine front covers. Just recently a model of a popular culture magazine, NYLON, did a pose which looked as if she had toothache. Twitter user, Okoge, spotted it among a range of similar magazines, with front cover models all doing the same pose. Okoge posted photos of the front cover models all with the exact same toothache pose, on the social media site, writing, \"Does everyone have cavities?\" The image has since been re-tweeted more than 35,000 times, but this is anything but an isolated incident . Twitter and Instagram are going crazy for the pose, too. The name, which means cavity pose, is called \"mushiba no poozu\" or \"mushibapoozu\" in Japanese. Some people also refer to it as the\" mushibagaitaipoozu\", the \"cavity hurts pose\", \"mushibamitainapoozu\" or \"looks like a cavity pose\", or even, \"mushibaninattapoozu\" or \"I got a cavity pose\". According to the magazine, Kotaku, such photographs first appeared on Twitter last year in Japan. Many Japanese people said they are doing the cavity pose. And in only a few weeks, the trend has spread to art, popular cartoons and even national magazines. There have been more and more photos cropping up online from earlier this year, but whether the trend will stand the test of time remains to be seen. \n Answer: They like doing the toothache pose when being photographed.",
            "output": [
                "What is the strange thing regarding fashion models in Japan, according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5aaecb79cb724d63afe08d08cef50377",
            "input": "Article: Sometimes, the simplest ideas are the best. For example, to absorb heat from the sun to heat water,you need large, flat, black surfaces. One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on  the roofs of buildings. But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt   roads? Ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt, a Dutch engineer. He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside. The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes. Most of them run from one side of the street to the other, just under the asphalt road. Some, however, dive deep into the groun. When the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes itunderground through one of the diving pipes. At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer  into which heat several heat exchangers   have been built. The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warming the ground-water, before returning to the surface through another pipe. The aquifer is thus used as a heat store. In winter, the working system is changed slightly. Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up. After performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice. \n Answer: To carry heat down below the surface.",
            "output": [
                "For what purpose are the diving pipes used?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5f42671da119461badcb507a80350313",
            "input": "Article: When it came to role models, Diana Ortiz said her mother, Marcia Dominguez, was the \"hero\". Ms. Dominguez came to the United States from Cuba in 1979. She went to college and got a job as a social worker --- all the while raising three children in America mostly on her own. \"It was always school first,\" Diana said, \"My mom had us in a straight line. If we got out of line, she corrected us. She was a perfect woman. She was beautiful, she had the education and she had everything --- but the illness took over. When I was 11, it frightened me to see how quickly my mother's health was ruined by cancer. A week before I turned 14, my mother died at age 50. I had tried to prepare myself, but on the first morning I woke up without my mother, the sense of loss was painful.\" Diana had not seen her father for five years, who refused to provide for her. Diana then entered the city's foster care system. She has spent about four years in foster homes. Despite Diana's hard teenage years, the values her mother had planted in her mind inspired her to go after higher education. Since August 2010, she has been a fulltime student majoring in law. A public organization offers her tuition but she has part-time jobs to help people like her and earn more life experience. Her goal is a job in the Federal Bureau of Investigation. For now, Diana works 20 hours a week as a cashier at Marshalls, earning $7.25 an hour. In November, she moved into her own public housing studio apartment on the Lower East Side. She pays $236 a month in rent. Although she is out of foster care, Diana has been speaking at workshops for foster youths. She emphasizes that nothing should get in the way of their success, not the trials of their lives or what they may have lost. \"I tell the young who have the similar experience like me, 'Why are you going to let what happened to you affect you in the long run?' \" Diana said. \" 'Why are you going to sit there and feel sorry for yourself? You're wasting precious time.' It is a message my mother would approve of. My mom taught me that everything is not given to you. You have to go out and get it.\" \n Answer: Learned, independent and strict.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words can be used to describe Ms. Dominguez?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-96c6e14b0ef74f0bafe0a157d1ce225d",
            "input": "Article: Can you resist cream cakes? I miss my sugar! I've decided to lose weight and I had to give up cakes. It's difficult because I have a sweet tooth and I love cream cakes. Not having treats can be good for your health. I've heard that the Burts, a family of five in South East England, lived sugar free for a whole year after they found out their daughter had diabetes  . It wasn't easy. To avoid temptation, I don't go to any bakeries, but this family actually owns one, which makes up to 3,000 cakes a week. And how does it feel to live without sugar for a while? Jason Burt said that for a month they felt weak. But later on it all changed. He says he feels \"more awake\" and full of energy. And what about the Burt family business? It had to keep using half a ton of sugar a week and any cook worth his salt knows that you have to taste a recipe to know if it's right. No problem there, says Jason Burt's wife, Clare. She points out that she's got lots of people offering to taste the cakes for them. The family is also thinking about selling more delicious products. I wonder what makes us have a strong desire for sweet food. Anyway, I've decided to forget about the sweet taste of sugar for a while. As British model Kate Moss says: \"Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels.\" \n Answer: The author is on a diet.",
            "output": [
                "From the passage, what do we know about the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bdc079b21df34e3d90b6df928894c116",
            "input": "Article: To explain why he liked his art teacher the best, 16-year-old Dainzin Tanam could not write more words than a simple sentence \"Because he teaches me painting.\" In the eyes of his teachers at the Lhasa Special Education School, the deaf boy was a little painter. Five years ago, however, all Tanam could do was to stay in bed until noon, and then stare at the sky through the window, waiting for his parents' return. His mother Yangzom said she had no other choice but to lock him in the house every day as she and her husband had to work and they did not want to allow the boy to roam  the streets. \"Every day when I came back home and saw my lonely poor son, I felt my heart hurt. But now I can finally feel a bit relieved,\" the mother said. She said it was the school that changed his son. \"Without the school, I dared not imagine how my son would be now.\" With a governmental fund of 4.5 million yuan, the special education school was founded in 2000. The only government-run school for handicapped children in Tibet, it now has 28 teachers and 120 school children in nine classes of 5 grades. Eight classes in the school are for deaf kids and the other one is for blind kids. Students can enjoy free food, boarding, clothing and medical services in the school, which is open to deaf and blind children from all over the autonomous region. Tibetan sign language and Tibetan Braille are basic courses here. Children also have Tibetan, Chinese, mathematics, science, painting, dancing and sports lessons. A \"black and white\" textbook seemed appealing among the color1ful books in Tanam's schoolbag. The text was handwritten. It was the Tibetan language textbook compiled and written by teachers themselves. \"As textbooks for students in ordinary schools sometimes are too abstract and hard for our kids to understand, two other Tibetan language teachers and I compiled the textbook to make things easier for them,\" said teacher Dawa.  Those books with the love of all the teachers, though not spoke out, will surely help children enjoy their life by supporting themselves after leaving the school. \n Answer: 11 years old",
            "output": [
                "How old was the Dainzin Tanam when he began to go to the Lhasa Special Education School?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4b2a47581a6a4d0988a105546baa29b7",
            "input": "Article: Below is a brochure about the British Library. Events The Taking Liberties events programme explores themes raised by the thought that has brought about this exhibition. A wide range of discussions, talks, comedy events and live music provide further understanding of the personal stories of those who have struggled for freedom and show how the debate continues today.  Free group tours, gallery talks, local events and learning classrooms are also available. For more information please visit www.bl.uk/takingliberties.  Adopt a Book Please support the British Library with a \"novel\" gift. For as little as PS25, you can help the Library preserve the nation's treasures for generations to come. There are hundreds of titles to choose from including many first edition classics. For a full list books available and details on how to Adopt a Book, please visit www.bl.uk/adoptabook. Friends The Friends of the British Library is a charity to helping the Library develop its holdings and its facilities. Members enjoy a lot of tours of the exhibitions: visit to specialized departments and to other important libraries, access to the Friends Room and discounts in the shop and restaurant. For more information you can talk to a representative at the Friends Desk in the Entrance Hall or visit www.bl.uk/friends. Shop The British Library Shop has a wide selection of Taking Liberties-related books, including the official exhibition book Taking Liberties: The Struggle for Britain's Freedom and Rights by Mike Ashley and Taking Stock of taking Liberties: A Personal View by Linda Colley, plus a large range of goods, including postcards, stationery, bags and souvenirs. www.bl.uk/shop.  British Library Web Pages Searches 10,000 web pages from the main British Library website. You can also browse the pages using the links on our home page or the site map. Online Gallery: Searches 30,000 images from Online Gallery. Catalogue records: Searches the British Library Catalogue, which contains records for 14 million items, including books, series, printed music and maps. Journal articles: Searches records of over 9 million articles published, during the last five years, in the 20,000 most heavily requested journals at the British Library. Many of our specialist catalogues are not yet included in the home page search. Searching these will give you a more complete picture of what we have available. \n Answer: In the British Library Shop.",
            "output": [
                "Where can a reader buy some pens as gifts for their friends in the British Library?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a99d23ad07c441faaa0d8a60c993b67f",
            "input": "Article: Hilton Shanghai, the city's first international hotel, has been recognized as a top business hotel in Shanghai for its convenient location and outstanding facilities for more than 20 years. However, the hotel's newly appointed general manager Gerd Knaust says it is the people that make the hotel successful. More than 380 employees have been working with the hotel for more than 15 years. Some of them have personal relationships with customers. ''It's a people-relation business,'' Knaust says. ''They really tell me about the stories in the last 15 years. It's something very nice to listen to. It's also a lasting memory for the guests.'' In fact, over the years, some of the guests have stayed in the hotel 200 or even 300 times. Knaust, who has been working in the hospitality industry for more than 30 years, started his career as a chef in Germany. During his early 30s, Knaust already moved to the top in the culinary   field as director of kitchen of Hyatt Regency Cologne in Germany. After holding several general manager positions in Mandarin Oriental hotels, Knaust joined Hilton International as the general manager to open the Conrad and Doubletree by Hilton at Haitang Bay, Sanya in 2010. When he was appointed as the general manager of Hilton Shanghai in November, he not only was heavily involved in recruitment, sales and marketing strategies but also he worked closely with the food and beverage team to develop the hotel's restaurant concepts and menus. ''I believe that we should offer quality and healthy food.'' he says. Knaust believes that a hotel must value the customers' comments on Ctrip, Trip Advisor and other platforms, etc. ''It keeps us more on guard to be 100 percent professional,'' he says. \n Answer: Because of its location, facilities and good service.",
            "output": [
                "Why do business travelers choose Hilton Shanghai?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72f439a9a72a4c71a2b90f75a1d75cf6",
            "input": "Article: Camaraderie over Competence The importance of liking people is the subject of an article in the Harvard Business Review,which has carried out an experiment to find out who we'd rather work with.Hardly surprisingly,the people we want most as our workmates are both:brilliant at their jobs and delightful human beings.And the people we want least are both unpleasant and useless.More interestingly,the authors found that,given the choice between working with lovable fools and competent jerks  ,we irresistibly choose the former.Anyway,who likes those stupid men who annoy or hurt other people?We might insist that competence matters more,but our behavior shows we stay close to the people we like and sharing information with them. What companies should therefore do is get people to like each other more.The trick here is apparently to make sure staffs come across each other as often as possible during the day.They also should be sent on bonding courses and so on to encourage friendliness and break down displeasure.However,more outdoor-activity weekends and shared coffee machines inspire no confidence at all. The reality is that people either like each other or they don't.You can't force it.Possibly you can make offices friendlier by tolerating a lot of chat,but there is a productivity cost to that.In my experience,the question of lovable fool against competent jerk may not be the right one.The two are interrelated:we tend not to like our workmates when they are completely hopeless.I was once quite friendly with a woman whom I later worked with.I found her to be so outstandingly bad at her job that I lost respect for her and ended up not really liking her at all.Then is there anything that companies should be doing about it? By far the most effective strategy would be to hire people who are all pretty much the same,given that similarity is one of the main determinants of whether we like each other.I think this is a pretty good idea,but no one dares recommend this anymore without offending the diversity lobby group.There is only one acceptable view on this subject:teams of similar people are bad because they stop creativity.This may be true,though I have never seen any conclusive proof of it. Not only do we like similar people,we like people who like us.So if companies want to promote more liking,they should encourage a culture where we are all nice to each other.The trouble is that this needs to be done with some skill. \n Answer: Nice but unintelligent.",
            "output": [
                "According to the research,which kind of colleagues would most people tend to choose?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a195a282204a4a4e9394140492773a05",
            "input": "Article: It's time to be water efficient! As populations increase across   Australia and the rest of the world, demand for water will also increase. If we don't reduce each individual's demand for water (both directly and through embodied water) the water situation will become dire. It is obvious that we cannot increase demands for water much more without detrimental  effects to the environment, society and the economy. It's all too easy to blame someone else for the water situation -\"if 70% of water is used for agriculture then that's what we should target\" - but it's not that easy. We all depend on the food and resources that agriculture provides, and while there are definitely opportunities to increase water efficiency on the farm, the solution will take more than that. We each share responsibility for the sustainable management of our water resources, which means using less water at home, in the workplace, at school, on holidays, on the farm, ... everyone, everywhere, every time. It's time to become water efficient! This involves reassessing our relationship with water, and learning to use it more sparingly. On the most basic level, it requires a behavioural  change, and assigning a value to water that truly reflects its worth. We can also unlock economic benefits of being water efficient. There are many real world examples given in the case studies on this site. Everybody has a responsibility to save water, if future generations are to enjoy a similar standard of living to the one we enjoy now. In fact, many of the impacts associated with water use are likely to have an effect on our own lives! www.savewater.com.au has been designed to help you respond to the challenge to become water efficient. It acts as a central repository for relevant information and further advice, so that you can actually achieve significant savings. It also showcases those companies with products that will assist you in your goal. \n Answer: Internet",
            "output": [
                "Can you infer where this passage is from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e2cf244127cf4da6b9979f60a1f21a82",
            "input": "Article: Fifty has never looked better. It's been 50 years since the first James Bond film, Dr. No, premiered   in cinemas. As first embodied by Scottish actor Sean Connery, Agent 007 was a fearless, cool-as-ice spy who excelled at sleuthing  , fighting and saving the world. Since then, more than 20 films featuring the iconic spy have been released-making it one of the longest-running franchises   in the history of cinema. On Nov 9, the 23rd Bond movie, Skyfall, celebrated the legend's 50th birthday. Over the years, audiences have changed. It doesn't matter. Six different actors have acted 007 and it doesn't matter. Even shocking technological and cultural changes can't bend Bond. Why? Is it the action, the sexy women, the cars, the gadgets and the exotic locations? Yes, but the most important reason is still the man himself. Bond can challenge his boss and shoot a bad guy in mere minutes. He is an expert in literature, languages, art and fine wines. He has a sharp tongue besides his wits.  In the first film Dr. No, as Connery lit a cigarette, we heard James Bond's voice and saw his cafe for the first time. The simple scene and short phrase have defined the character for half a century. \"Next to the Beatles and Stones, James Bond was the greatest British import of the 1960s,\" David Kamp, a US contributing editor for Vanity Fair, wrote in a recent article about the birth of Bond and its influence on the US. The Bond phenomenon has clearly affected movie culture, pop culture and spy culture. But perhaps the most amazing thing is that 007 has survived in the age of feminism . \"Talking of objectifying women, Bond is essential Huge Henfner (founder of Playboy magazine) with a gun,\" movie critic Xan Brooks told The Guardian. \"But women liked Bond, too. He couldn't have run for 50 years with male fans alone.\" We love Bond for many reasons--after all 50 years, Bond is still breathtaking. thrilling ride into the very heart of an icon like no other. But most of all, we may love him for one reason: \"he always gets away with it.\" one said. \n Answer: The car racing.",
            "output": [
                "What attracts the audience most in James Bond films?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f1c617c47ed8411e9381821085aa12e4",
            "input": "Article: One answer to the question of land shortage was suggested by an organization some years ago. A city was to be built at sea, housing 30,000 people. The suggestion was to shape the city like a harbor .The outer wall of the harbor would stand on steel columns resting on the sea-bed. Naturally this could only be where the water was fairly shallow. The people would like to live in flats in the fifty-metre high outer wall. The flats would be all face inwards, and would be made of concrete  and glass. The glass would be specially made and colored to control the heat and strong light from the sun. The planners called this man-made harbor would be calm. On it would be floating islands carrying more building: a hospital, two theaters, museum, an art exhibition hall and a church. On one of the islands would be a special factory to take the salt out of sea water and turn it into fresh water. People living in the city could move around on small boats driven by electricity, so there would be no air pollution from the burning of gas. There would be platforms outside the man wall for ships bringing supplies. People could also travel to the mainland by motorboat or water plane. \n Answer: The people would live in tall building surrounded by a wall.",
            "output": [
                "What was suggested about the construction of a new city at sea?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-43ba59ead4ee4e2aa527f3c7e0379dee",
            "input": "Article: In February 2006, Lydia Angyiou and her two sons were walking through their village in northern Canada. The sound of children shouting made her turn around. To her horror, Lydia saw a 700-pound polar bear behind her eyeing her seven-year-old son. Getting between the bear and her child, Lydia yelled at the children to run away. She then began hitting and kicking the animal as hard as she could. A neighbor who heard all the noise came and shot the bear. But everyone agreed it was Lydia who had saved her children's lives. A local policeman described it this way: \"... I guess when your back is up against the wall, ... we come up with super-human strength.\" Where does this \"super-human strength\", courage and quick thinking come from? Experts say it comes from stress! In stressful situations, the body releases chemicals that prepare it to take action. These chemicals give people the speed and strength they need to fight danger or run away from it. When we think of stress, we usually think of its negative effects. Studies, though, show that moderate levels of stress are actually helpful. In fact, the way we perform is usually affected by the amount of stress we feel. Stress causes the brain to release adrenaline  which in turn increases our energy and excitement. The chemical gives us clearer minds and helps us to do more. This is why some people say they work better under a deadline. Adrenaline that is not released for long periods of time can cause us to increase and strengthen our abilities instead of weakening them. We sometimes turn out our very best work when we push ourselves to the limit. Stress can also make us more confident. Handling small amounts of stress now prepares us for handling serious situations in the future. Who knows? Today's stress may even prepare for the next polar bear that comes along! \n Answer: You are cornered.",
            "output": [
                "What does the policeman probably mean by saying \"your back is up against the wall\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b8c7d22f0dc437fa763f0bf0108fe69",
            "input": "Article: Taking photographs at a birthday or a wedding has become as natural as blowing out candles or cutting the cake. But our obsession with recording every detail of our happiest moments could be damaging our ability to remember _ , according to new research. A study has shown that taking pictures rather than concentrating fully on the events in front of us prevents memories taking hold. Dr. Linda Henkel, from Fairfield University, Connecticut, described it as the \"photo-taking impairment effect\". She said: \"People so often pull out their cameras almost mindlessly to capture a moment, to the point where they are missing what is happening right in front of them. When people rely on technology to remember for them--counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves--it can have a negative impact on how well they remember their experiences.\" Dr Henkel and her team carried out an experiment in a museum, to learn if taking pictures of the exhibits was hindering the ability of visitors to remember what they had seen. A group of university students were led on a tour at the Bellarmine Museum of Art at Fairfield University and were asked to either photograph or try and remember objects on display. The next day their memory was tested. The results showed that people were less accurate in recognizing the objects they had photographed than those they had only looked at. It was found that their memory for the details of the objects they had photographed was poorer. Henkel's lab is currently investigating whether the content of a photo, such as whether you are in it, affects later memory. She is also researching whether actively choosing what to photograph might influence what we remember. Previous research suggests that reviewing photos we have taken does help us remember the objects, but only if we take the time. \"Research has suggested that the sheer volume and lack of organization of digital photos for personal memories discourages many people from accessing and recalling them. In order to remember, we have to access and interact with the photos, rather than just collect them,\" said Dr Henkel. \n Answer: Taking photographs of objects ruins one's memory of them.",
            "output": [
                "What is the \"photo-taking impairment effect\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-23a4530bc9d449f89caff242a87e64d1",
            "input": "Article: Far out in the lake was a large wooden platform on which stood an improbably high diving board -- a kind of wooden Eiffel Tower. It was, I'm sure, the county's tallest wooden structure and no one had ever been known to jump from it. So it was quite a shock when our teacher, Mr. Milton, announced that he would dive off the high board that very afternoon. Word of his questionable plan was already spreading through town as Mr. Milton swam out to the platform. He was just _ when he got there but even from such a distance the high board seemed almost to touch the clouds. Once at the top, he paced the enormously long board, then took some deep breaths and finally stood at edge. He was going to do it. Several hundred people had gathered at the shore to watch. Mr. Milton stood for quite a long time, then he raised his arms, took one massive bounce and launched himself into a perfect dive. It was beautiful. He fell with perfect style for what seemed minutes. The crowd fell silent. The only sound to be heard was the faint whistle of his body tearing through the air toward the water far, far below. But about three quarters of the way down he seemed to have second thoughts and began suddenly to panic, waving his arms and legs like someone having a bad dream. When he was perhaps thirty feet above the water, he gave up on waving and spread his arms and legs wide, apparently hoping that it would somehow slow his fall. It didn't. He hit the water at over six hundred miles an hour. The impact was so loud that it made birds fly out of their trees three miles away. I don't think he entered the water at all. He just bounced off it, about fifteen feet back into the air. After that, he lay still on the surface, spinning like an autumn leaf. He was brought to shore by two passing fishermen in a rowboat and placed on an old blanket where he spent the rest of the afternoon. Occasionally he accepted small sips of water, but otherwise was too shocked to speak. From head to toe, he was covered with deep red bruises. ... It was the best day of my life. \n Answer: Crazy.",
            "output": [
                "What did the writer think of Mr. Milton's plan to jump from the diving board?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-05935e304ab84ca7a21449ef598e204e",
            "input": "Article: \"When your mother scolds you, you can look elsewhere and think about other things. Just ignore her words. But remember: such a tough attitude cannot be used often.\" These words are from a series of cartoons which outline skills for children to fight against their mothers. The images have created heated debate among Chinese netizens. Regarded as \"a book for children aged 6 to 12 who are always scolded by their parents\", the cartoons, drawn by two 10yearold Beijing girls, list over 20 skills which children can use to deal with their mothers' anger such as crying, pretending to be ashamed, fleeing into the toilet and pleasing her afterwards. Each skill is described with vivid pictures and humorous notes. The creativity of the young girls has amazed netizens, the Yangtse Evening Post reported on Thursday. According to one of the girls' mothers, her daughter once received a poor mark in an exam, and the mother blamed her and compared her performance with another classmate. The daughter's feelings led to her creating the cartoons. The girl's father, who first posted the pictures on his Sohu Microblog on Monday, said he hopes parents pay close attention to the pictures, allow children to feel free to develop their own characteristics and try not to criticize them so often. The father said the cartoons aren't finished yet; his daughter will continue with them when she has time. \"The cartoons, although an individual case, reflect a modern phenomenon and some of the problems within Chinese family education,\" said Yu Qinfang, an expert on family education. According to a survey of 104 children and their parents, Yu discovered that as many as 51.9 percent of primary school students hate being urged to do things by their mothers. \"Not giving children enough time and hurrying them to do things seems to be a very tiny detail within family life, but it is potentially a huge problem which can easily be ignored by parents. A mother's blame may lead to negative feelings within her child's heart,\" Yu said. \"Parents should learn to blame less and be more patient.\" \n Answer: The girls' tough attitude to their mothers.",
            "output": [
                "What amazed Chinese netizens according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e844dafe5a3a4659a9ad002a25756763",
            "input": "Article: How many people have I met who have told me about the book that they have been planning to write but have never yet found the time? Far too many .This is Life, all right, but we do treat it like a rehearsal and, unhappily, we do miss so many of its best moments . We take jobs to stay alive and provide homes for our families, always making ourselves believe that this style of life is merely a temporary state of affairs along the road to what we really want to do. Then, at 60 or 65, we are suddenly presented with a clock and several grandchildren and we look back and realize that all those years waiting for Real Life to come along were in fact real life . In America they have a saying much laughed at by the English:\"Have a nice day!\" They speak slowly and seriously in their shops, hotels and sandwich bars. I think it is a wonderful phrase, reminding us to enjoy the moment: to value this very day .How often do we say to ourselves, \"I'll take up horse-riding(or golf, or sailing)as soon as I get a higher position,\" only to do none of those things when I do get the higher position . When I first became a reporter, I knew a man who gave up a very well paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal mental state. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area?I wanted to know . Now I am a little older and possibly wiser, I see the sense in it. In Fleet Street the man was under continual pressure .He lived in an unattractive London suburb and he spent much of his life sitting on Southern Region trains . \n Answer: Stay Alive",
            "output": [
                "What is probably the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b40ba80f41864dfd8f9dc6f10e91ff4c",
            "input": "Article: Dear teachers, do you want to find pen pals for your students? Boys and girls, do you want to find your own e-pals  ? Here is some advice on how to make e-pals. First, take a look at www.spoton.de community  . Click on international pen pal sites to find some of our favorite international e-pal and pen pal web sites. Do not forget: some e-pal services are not free and some are safer than others. Remember to read a web site safety warning before you join! KidFu (www.kidfu.com) says it is the safest place online for kids to chat, play games and make friends. Get your parents to help you register   and then you can write things about yourself or read what other kids have written. There are also chat monitors that make sure that the online chat rooms are safe and friendly. KidFu costs money, but the first month is free. If you join Epals (www.epals.com), you can choose a pen pal among 65,000 kids from 191 countries. You can also find information about how teachers can get pen pals for their pupils. Or if you want to start sending e-mails right now, go to Europa Pages (www.europapage.com/ penpal-form.html). Lots of young people have written their names, interests, home countries and their e-mail addresses. Just click on a name and start writing! \n Answer: Workers and doctors.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the passage written for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e6da17c5febe4ccf992201bc689680ea",
            "input": "Article: Designed specifically for kids that live online, Discovery announced a new fun and interactive homework tool that uses the power of broadband and media to help achieve academic breakthroughs at home. It's COSMEO. With a click of a mouse, kids have instant access to the only online video destination for homework help, report research and learning games. COSMEO boasts   more than 30,000 video clips   from the top educational publishers and producers in the world, including Discovery. COSMEO also has 15,000 interactive quizzes and 200 subject-related Brain Games---making homework fun! And most importantly-----all the content is aligned   by state curriculum standards and grade level----- COSMEO gives kids the tools they need to succeed and gives parents the reassurance that the content is not only safe, but powerfully engineered to help their kids with academic breakthroughs. COSMEO is built on the proven success of Discovery's in-school video streaming resource, which is available in 70,000 schools and reaches 30 million students in the United States. Students who were exposed to their service in the classroom have been scientifically proven to perform 12 to 15 percent better than those who were not. Now kids can access this proven content in their homes, and COSMEO presents the information in a way that is kid-friendly, interactive, appealing and fun. COSMEO is structured for use by multiple children in the same family. Parents simply select the grade level of the user for access to age-appropriate learning materials. COSMEO can help a third-grader with multiplication tables and an older student with algebra equations . COSMEO uses a multimedia, multi- sensory environment to let kids learn in the way they learn best----- in formats they know, use and, most importantly, enjoy! [ \n Answer: To introduce a website which can help kids with their homework.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c9e5da6f37204a9c9147726aa441fd18",
            "input": "Article: Most parents love the Internet and want their kids to use it. But a new survey in America finds almost as many also fear the online world--especially social networking sites such as My Space--and worry their kids will get in trouble with people they meet. \"The parents see the web's incredible potential , and they know their kids have to be there.\" says James Steyer, CEO of Common Sense Media, which released results from a survey that looked into parental attitudes toward the Internet. \" is also what they are scared of most.\" The study was conducted online May 5-10 by Insight Research Group. It says 80% of parents are concerned about kids meeting bad people online. That's because young people who largely have grown up with the Net think of it as a social outlet , say the researchers. To young people, the benefits of giving out some personal information to reach out to friends outweigh the risks. And the study shows they are so comfortable with the medium that 78% have a personal website or blog. Parents also recognize the importance of the Internet. The survey shows 91% think the Net helps their children explore their passions, and 77% think the Internet is one of the most valuable education tools teens have. But 88% think it's important to know what their kids are doing online. Findings suggest both parents and teens need more education about using online media, Steyer says. Internet safety has become an increasing concern for parents in America. Organizations like the Non-profit Common Sense have been trying to reach and help parents pay attention to the problem. \n Answer: They think it has more advantages than disadvantages.",
            "output": [
                "Why do young people give out their personal information?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-96d217654cae4755b15df585e1c34a13",
            "input": "Article: Now, it's time for some brief news items. Teens Go Online Some 13 million European children under 18 use the Internet for schoolwork, games and music according to research done by Nielsen's \"Net-rating\". The study covered Britain, Germany, France, Italy and Spain. Experts advised parents to limit the time their kids spend on line and keep them away from chat rooms. Chat to the magic Mum British author J. K. Rowling, mother of magic boy Harry Potter, will do an Internet interview about her new book \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\" on June 26. Before the event, children are invited to send their questions about Harry to the website. The book will hit stores in the US and UK on June 21 and will arrive in China in August. School Soldiers Russian school students will have to do basic military training in their final year of school, the government has decided. The lesson will include learning to fire guns, marching drills and how to deal with a chemical, nuclear or biological attack. The activity is seen as part of a drive toward the education of their love for their country. Is it hard for you to get up early and get ready for classes? Some students at Winter Park High School just roll out of bed in their pajamas   and go to class in their own bedrooms, Of course, their teachers and classmates do not see them because all their class work is on the computer. The Florida High School, the state's only online school, has 250 students who are taking classes at home by computer. Students in this first online program take classes in algebra  , American government, chemistry, computer, economics, and web-page design. They also have to go to regular school to attend other classes. \n Answer: Spain.",
            "output": [
                "In the first news item, which country is NOT covered in the research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-06e89c7d01dd4c149e59cccc788dc5f8",
            "input": "Article: If my life were a movie, I would fast-forward through junior high.Like every junior high kid, I was struggling with who I was and how I would make my mark in life.But I was sure I was alone with these strange feelings. I was trying and failing in a number of things.I wanted to do well in athletics but had not yet figured out that would never happen.I wasn't academic enough to spell academic.I was trying to gain a spot as a new kid in school.All the while, I remember suffering the rejection of most of my peer, being cut from the basketball team, failing to play football that I so wanted to play.To be loved and accepted seemed to me at the time something I could never, in all my life, achieve. During that time I would go through the cafeteria line and eat alone, feeling unloved and unnoticed.As spring came, one day I was starting out the door and complaining that I had no one to eat with.Mom said to me, \"If you want, you can come home for lunch.\" That day, when lunch came, it was a beautiful spring day in the hills of central Ohio.The bell rang at noon and I  _ from the school and ran across the little village home to eat. That was in about 1972.thirty years ago.My mom sat across the table for about 15 minutes and looked at me and listened to me and three decades later I still remember those times with fondness.She just paid attention to me.It's a powerful thing to pay attention to people. I now know that I didn't need my stomach filled as much as I needed my emotional fuel tank refilled.I just needed a friendly place of warm acceptance for a few minutes a day.And refueling an emotional fuel tank is a good mother's specialty. Now you know a little more about how I see home.Home is a place where you don't have to sit alone and eat.Home is a place where people don't ignore you and avoid you.Moms are people who listen to you when no one else is interested.And moms don't ever think the small unexciting things you do don't matter.Moms don't laugh at your dreams.Good moms pay attention.Great moms fix you something warm to eat and pay attention. \n Answer: Painful.",
            "output": [
                "Which word best describes the author's school life in junior high?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d4ded44fb0da48bba1f05a974621c164",
            "input": "Article: There is an old saying about volunteer work that goes like this: \" No one can do everything, but everyone can do something.\" Today, many people volunteer their time and energy to help others. There are a lot of ways to meet other people's needs. For example, some volunteers provide help after a disaster. Others are happy to get dirty while repairing homes or planting trees or flowers in poor neighborhoods. Young people see suffering and loneliness around them and find ways to help. And history lovers help archeologists  search for ancient objects to help deepen our knowledge of the past. Volunteers work in many areas around the world, including Haiti. More than two years have passed since a 7.0 earthquake shook the nation. The exact number of people who died may never be known. Thousands of survivors of the Haitian earthquakes still live in temporary  shelters. Last year, former American President Jimmy Carter and his wife Rosalynn joined five hundred volunteers in the town of Leogane to build houses. Organizations do not have to be large to get volunteers. An activist group in Dharamsala, India is a good example, Jodie Underhill from England arrived in northern India several years ago. She planned to volunteer for an environmental project. She could almost not believe how much rubbish was ruining some of the area's most beautiful sights. Jodie Underhill learned about how to deal with the rubbish while taking part in other volunteer projects. But soon enough she formed her own group, Mountain Cleaners. Jodie Underhill says the work is very hard. But she praises the group's efforts as a wonderful experience. The young Englishwoman says the Indian media started calling her \"Garbage Girl\". And she says she was pleased with the name. American teenagers also volunteer in many ways . \n Answer: He helped to build houses after the earthquake in Haiti",
            "output": [
                "What did former American President Jimmy Carter do as a volunteer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-984c38c49b2e4018bed70eaa270717dc",
            "input": "Article: Carly Zalenski's eyes filled with tears as the dusty bus ran down a dirt road in southern Vietnam. The 14-year-old and her family had traveled by plane from Canton, Ohio. Now, as they approached the village, hundreds of cheering schoolchildren lined the entrance to the Hoa Lac School, a two-story concrete building that Carly had raised money for.     Carly started helping others at eight, handing out Thanksgiving baskets at church to families in need. It was a snowy day, and she saw many girls didn't have warm coats. The next November, she went door to door asking for used coats, hats, gloves and scarves, and then handed them out with the baskets.    But Carly wanted to do more. She remembered her grandmother's Rotarv Club (\"\") had, years earlier, raised money to build a school in Vietnam. That was what she now wanted to do.    At 12, she began to raise money for Vietnamese children with a PowerPoint presentation. \"The kids in rural Vietnam don't have decent schools. I want to give them a place to make their lives better,\" she told a room of 200 Rotarians.   That summer, Carly set off with her family across Ohio, visiting three or four Rotarv Clubs a week. \"We traveled like crazy people to all these meetings,\" recalls her mother, Kris.    At first they got no donations. But one night, Carly and her dad, Fred, pulled up to a building in Minerva, Ohio. Carrying a laptop, a projector and a screen, they walked into a bar where 15 people were sitting around a long table. There was dead silence after Carly finished her presentation. Fred thought that was never going to work. Then someone made a motion: \"Let's give this girl check right now.\" Minutes later, Carly walked out with her first donation: $500.    Not everyone was  _ about the idea of helping Vietnam. \"Why should we help it?\" asked one veteran  . Carly replied simply, \"They're kids. And I'm just a kid who wants to help out.\"    As word spread, individual donors sent checks for as little as $5. A restaurant chain contributed $1,000. Carly's coach organized a tournament that netted $4,000. A bible camp bought 500 backpacks for the children. In two years, Carly raised $50,000. \n Answer: To give them to people in need.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Carly once collect used clothes from door to door?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-20e1c3d0e4f6413e8fde39d710ca0108",
            "input": "Article: Check out some fun weekend activities from our friends at Arizona Parenting. Walk in the Wild: Walk or run for wildlife at the Phoenix Zoo's Walk in the Wild 2016. Put on your favorite animal dress and take part in the one mile or 5K,enjoying the sights and sounds of the Zoo. Walk in the Wild includes a morning full of unique activities you won't find at any other valley walk, including all-day zoo admission and a lakeside after-party. Register online. 6-10 am. Phoenix Zoo, 455 North Galvin Parkway, Phoenix. 602-286-3800. Free Museum Day: It is hosted by Sesame Street and HBO at the Children's Museum of Phoenix. Kids can participate in activities, enjoy a performance by the Sesame Street Muppets and get to join the Everyday Heroes Club. An act of kindness is all it takes to become a member. Performances and activities will take place at 10:30--11:30 am and 1:30--2:30 pm. 9 am--4 pm. Children's Museum of Phoenix, 215 N. 7th street, Phoenix. 602-253-0501. Sunday A'Fair: Sunday A'Fair features free outdoor concerts in Scottsdale Civic Center Park by top Arizona musicians, along with an arts-and-crafts market, fun activities for children and families, guided tours of the sculptures in the park and free admission to Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art (SMoCA). Guests are invited to bring blankets, lawn chairs or picnic baskets, and enjoy a relaxing afternoon of great entertainment. Delicious foods, snacks, beer, wine and soft drinks are also available for purchase. 12-4 pm. Scottsdale Center for the Performing Arts, 7380 E. 2ndSt., Scottsdale. 480-994-ARTS (2787). \n Answer: Enjoy good company of wild animals.",
            "output": [
                "What can children do at Walk in the Wild?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ec6cdcdfd8d54415a3b2c4f7fd591e03",
            "input": "Article: Let's be honest:If you like to take lots of vacation,the United States is not the place to work.Besides a handful of national holidays,the typical American worker gets two or three precious weeks off out of a whole year to relax and see the world--much less than what people in many other countries receive.Only 57% of the US workers use up all of the days they're entitled   to,compared with 89% of workers in  France, a recent research found. So what's going on here?A big reason for the difference is that paid time off is supported by law in many parts of the world.Germany is among more than two dozen industrialized countries--from Australia to Slovenia to Japan--that require employers to offer four weeks or more of paid vacation to their workers,according to a 2009 study by the human resources consulting company Mercer.Finland, Brazil and France are the champions, guaranteeing six weeks of time off. But employers in the United States have no duty under federal law to offer any paid vacation, so about a quarter of all American workers don't have access to _ ,government figures show.That makes the US the only advanced nation in the world that doesn't guarantee its workers annual leave,according to a report titled \"NoVacation Nation\" by the Center for Economic and Policy Research, a liberal policy group. But the fear of layoffs  and the everfaster pace of work mean many Americans don't want to be absent from the office--anxious that they might look like they're not willing to work hard.Or they worry they won't be able to deal with the backlog  of work waiting for them after a vacation. Working more makes Americans happier than Europeans, according to a study published recently in the Journal of Happiness Studies.That may be because Americans believe more than Europeans do that hard work is associated with success, wrote Adam OkuliczKozaryn,the study's author and an assistant professor at the University of Texas at Dallas.\"Americans increase their happiness by working, and Europeans increase their happiness through vacation,\" he found. \n Answer: France.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following countries has the longest paid vacation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95c8c52e765843e9891d1ddc708da92b",
            "input": "Article: Several years ago ,Masaru Ibuka ,chairman of Sony ,was at a company planning a meeting. Suddenly he hdd a brilliant idea. He stopped the meeting and asked everyone present what would happen if Sony removed the recording function and 'speaker and sold headphones with a tape player instead. Almost everyone thought he was crazy. Still ,Ibuka kept thinking about his idea and worked at improving it The result, of course, turned out to be the wildly successful Sony Walkman. Good ideas often start with a seemingly silly question. Bill Bowerman was making breakfast one day. As he stood there making waffles  for his son, he wondered what would happen if he poured rubber into his waffle iron. Later ,he tried it and the result looked something Like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today. Still, when he took this idea to several existing shoe companies, he was laughed at In fact, every single company turned him down. Though rather discouraged, Bowerman insisted and went on to form his own company, making NBKE athletic shoes. Sometime good ideas grow out of frustration  .When Fred Smith was a student at Yale University, he had some paperwork that he needed to have delivered across the country the next day. Smith was amazed to find out that overnight delivery was impossible. He sat for a long while ,lost in thought Why couldn't there be a reliable overnight mail delivery service? He decided to design one. Smith did just that and turned his design into a class project His business professor gave him only a C for his efforts. However, Smith was not through. He improved the idea in that class project and finally turned them into one of the first and most successful overnight mail service in the world -- FedEx. We know that each of these ideas led to a very successful product or service that has changed the way many of us live. The best questions are usually open-ended and are often silly, Children aren't afraid to ask such questions ,but adults frequently are. Think how different the world might be if people never asked \" silly\" questions! \n Answer: Fred Smith got the idea of an overnight mail service from his own experience.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a3a07b03f692457d93d201eac13e4181",
            "input": "Article: The other day at lunch I was part of a whole group of colleagues and we were talking behind our boss's back. She's the new principal  of our middle school. We talked about how kind she is to us. She writes notes to wish us happy holidays, or to thank us for jobs well done. She checks on us when she knows we're facing difficulties outside of school with our health or with our families. All too often, When we talk NICE behind someone's back, they never know about it!I sent her a quick email to report the conversation. She replied saying how much she appreciated hearing about it! I like to do the same for my students. Of course I give them my own compliments ,but I love to let them know when others adults have noticed their good behavior and attitudes. Then it's absolutely necessary to let THEM know it too! It matters when what they notice is good. I've known from the other side how much this can mean. I often lack confidence in my own abilities as a teacher, so it gave me quite a lift when a friend who works with families in the community mentioned that he has heard several times from parents how glad they are to have their kids in my class. It just feels more important somehow to have the words said by people who don't know I'll ever hear them. Sure, it's pleasant when we can say nice things about other people. Watch for your next opportunity to be the reporter! Make sure to tell them about the nice things being said behind their backs! \n Answer: It was their daily practice.",
            "output": [
                "Why did these colleagues talk behind their boss's back?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ebea369cc524d1da7adea2d89519ca8",
            "input": "Article: My first wife and I only had one child. It might have been nice to have more. I would have liked a son, but we just had Carmen.      I see her as my best friend. I think she always comes to me first if she has a problem. We have the same sense of humor and share many interests; except that she's crazy about animals, obsessed with them she has always had dogs, cats, and horses in her life.      We were closest when she was about four, which I think is a wonderful age for a child. That's when they need their parents most. But as soon as Carmen went to school, she seemed to grow up and grow apart from her family, and any father finds it difficult with a teenage daughter. She was very moody and had an odd group of friends. There was an endless stream of strange young men coming to our house. I remember once got annoyed with her in front of her friends and she didn't talk to me for days.     I've always wanted the best for her. We sent her to a good school, but she wasn't happy there. She left because she wanted to become an actress, so with my connections I got her into a drama school, but she didn't like that either. She worked for a while doing small roles in films, but she must have found it boring although she never really said why. She got married a few years ago, her husband's a vet. They must be happy because they work together, and she loves animals.     We have the same tastes in books and music. When she was younger, I used to take her to the opera that's my passion-but she can't have liked it very much because she hasn't come with me for years. I don't think she goes to the cinema or watches TV much. She might watch my films, but I don't know. It's not the kind of thing she talks to me about.     I'm very pleased to have Carmen. She's a good daughter, but I don't think she likes my new wife very much because she doesn't visit us very often. I'm looking forward to being a grandfather one day. I hope she'll have a son. \n Answer: He doesn't seem to be an animal lover.",
            "output": [
                "Which is TRUE about the author according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c5ff6679ed444bb1aa865eede91078d9",
            "input": "Article: Did you know that women's brains are smaller than men's? The average women's brain weighs 10% less than men's. Since research has shown that the bigger the brain, the cleverer the animal, men must be more intelligent than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of study, researchers have concluded that it's what's inside that matters, not just the size of the brain. The brain consists of \"grey matter\" and  \"white matter\". While men have more of the latter, the amount of \"thinking\" brain is almost exactly the same in both sexes. It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster, perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls tend to learn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of information from different sources at the same time. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, it's women who come out on top every time. There are other important differences between two sexes. As white matter is the key to spatial   tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. \"A great footballer always knows where he is in relation to the other players, and he knows where to go,\" says one researcher. That may explain one of life's great mysteries: Why men refuse to ask for directions ... and women often need to! The differences begin when fetuses   are about nine weeks old, which can be seen in the action of children as young as one. A boy would try to climb a barrier before him or push it down while a girl would attract help from others. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills. It may all go back to our ancestors, among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt, according to one research. If all this disappoints you, it shouldn't. \"The brain changes throughout our lives according to what we do with it,\" says a biologist. \n Answer: Objective.",
            "output": [
                "What is the writer's attitude in writing this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-691c5a4cf77142cabde8365998f73e67",
            "input": "Article: London has become a cycle-friendly zone after the launch   of a new bike hire scheme. It has been designed to encourage more people to cycle in and around central London. So how does it work?First you have to sign up to the scheme to be sent a key. The key will unlock one of the bikes, which are kept at docking stations   in and around central London. You have to pay an access fee for the key and then you pay as you go, for the length of time you use the bike. Transport for London, which runs the scheme, are hoping to have 6,000 bikes and 400 docking stations in place by the end of the year. The new hire system is hoping to ease traffic jams in London and is expected to create up to 40,000 extra cycle trips a day into the city centre. London Mayor Boris Johnston launched the scheme and said London has been \"filled with thousands of gleaming   machines that will transform the look and feel of our street and become as commonplace on our roads as black cabs and red buses\".                 However, there have been a few problems since the scheme was launched last Friday. On the first day some people found they couldn't dock their bike properly and their usage of the bike had not registered. Transport for London did admit they had been expecting a few \"teething problems\" and have said they would not charge for the first day as a \"gesture of goodwill\". Some other people have criticized the lack of docking stations and locks for the bikes as well as the price it costs to hire the bicycles. Despite the comments, the green-thinking London Mayor still says with certainty, \"My crusade for the capital to become the greatest big cycling city in the world has taken a great pedal-powered push forwards.\" \n Answer: To relieve the traffic problem in London.",
            "output": [
                "What is the aim of the new bike hire scheme in London?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6939b64418794b20b7661e213cbe5871",
            "input": "Article: The candidate who is longing for election to the highest office in the United States must be native-born American citizen who is at least 35 years old and who has lived in the United States for at least 14 years. The election course is complicated, and the road to the Oval Office is long. Potential candidates must present papers stating their intention to seek their party's recommendation; delegates  then choose from among those running some months later at the national conferences. Before that, however, each state holds a primary election that determines how the state's voters want the party's delegates to vote. Methods of choosing the delegates vary from state to state. At the conferences, there are speeches and often heated discussions. It may take several rounds of voting before delegates can agree on a candidate. On the final day of the meeting, the presidential candidate announces his or her choice for vice president. Election Day, by law, is the Tuesday that follows the first Monday in November. On this day, registered voters may cast their votes for president, vice president, and candidates for other federal state, and local offices. The popular vote, however, does not determine who will be president. The president is chosen by a vote of the Electoral College, a group of 538 citizens from the 50 states and the District of Columbia who are chosen to cast votes for the president and vice president. The rules for choosing electors, as with the delegates, vary. Each state also decides whether its electoral votes must reflect the popular vote. The number of electors in each state is determined by the number of representatives and senators that a state sends to Congress and, therefore, may change every 10 years, depending on the results of the United States census  . The winner must get at least 270 of the electoral votes when the Electoral College meets in December of the election year. The election results are not official, however, until the following January, when Congress meets in a joint conference to count the electoral votes. At the end of the road to the Oval Office is the swearing-in ceremony, at which the new or reelected president takes the oath of office on January 20. \n Answer: Previous experience in an elective office.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not a requirement for candidates for the presidency of the USA?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-45adf2306b3a4a98bb1536fe0b7ccd96",
            "input": "Article: The sun is setting on a summer night.At the entrance of a deep,dark cave,a few bats     fly out.Within a few minutes,millions and millions of bats are pouring out of the cave.     Sounds like a scary horror movie? Believe it or not,this scene takes place all summer     long,at Bracken Cave in Texas,where 20 million bats come out to feed on insects every     night.\"It is magical,\"says Jim Kennedy of Bat Conservation International in Texas.\"It is     one of the most impressive animal movements on the planet.\"     Every March or April,Mexican free-tailed bats migrate up to 1,600 kilometers from     their winter home in Mexico to their American home in Texas,where they raise their     young. Soon after they arrive,each mother gives birth to one baby.As many as 500,baby     bats crowd into 30 cubic centimeters of space.and all those bodies create nice warm tem-    peratures to keep them cozy and comfortable.     If you have ever lost sight of your parents in a crowded playground,you may be won-    dering how mother bats recorgnize their children.They use their sense of smell to tell which     baby is theirs when it is time for the babies to have milk.         When twenty million bats fly out of one cave opening,they make a column so thick     that they show up on the radar at the nearby airport.It can take three hours for all of them     to get out from the cave.\"You can feel the breeze from their wings,and see the plats wa-    ving,\"says Kennedy.\"The movement of all those wings makes a very relaxing soft sound.I've always thought it would make a great relaxation music to help you go to sleep. So much     for bats being scary!\" \n Answer: It takes place all summer long.",
            "output": [
                "What makes the scene so\"impressive\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-183561cdf667436dafbd527a2832bfba",
            "input": "Article: Historians say Harriet Tubman was born in the year 1820.Nobody really knows. But we do know that Harriet Tubman was one of the bravest women ever born in the United States. From a very early age,Harriet knew how slaves suffered. At six years old,she was sent to the fields. Working outside not only made her body strong but also made her learn about the Underground Railroad,on which she helped hundreds of people escape from slavery later. She also learned many things from the other slaves,which one day would help her lead her people to freedom. She became more of a rebel  . In 1844,at about age 24,she married a free black man named John Tubman. By now,Harriet was sure she wanted to try to escape. Suddenly,the time came. Her owner died. Though opposed by her husband,she decided to escape. With the help of the Underground Railroad,and through a variety of suffering she finally crossed the border into Pennsylvania,where slavery was banned. Now that Harriet was free,she did not forget the hundreds of other slaves back in Maryland. Harriet traveled back and forth eighteen times,helping about 300 slaves escape into free territory. She became an expert at hiding from slave hunters. The people she helped called her Moses. At one time,anyone finding Harriet was promised $40,000 for catching her-dead or alive. During the Civil War,Harriet Tubman went into enemy territory to spy for the North. She also served as a nurse. After four years of bloody fighting,the North won the war. After the fighting ended,Harriet Tubman returned to Auburn,New York. She kept working. She traveled and gave speeches to raise money for better education for black children. She also worked for women's rights and housing. Harriet Tubman died in 1913.She was about 93 years old. By that time,she was recognized as an American hero. The United States government gave a funeral with military honors for the woman known as Moses. \n Answer: A Brief Introduction to Harriet Tubman",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-093574d6b68f40068c4231795d258f3e",
            "input": "Article: I remember the first time I got on a horse. When I was a little boy aged two, my mom agreed to let me take a short ride and that was it! From then on, I drove my parents crazy Begging for a horse. When I was four, I had Mutism, in which children stop speaking in certain social situations. I went days, weeks months without a sound at school. At most, I might quietly whisper to a friend. I suffered silently through school until I was ten when a psychologist had an idea. He asked me what I wanted more than anything else in the world. He explained I was going to be given an opportunity to work for that. And I was permitted to whisper the answer in my mother's ear, \"A horse.\" I was to get a pony, but I had to live up to my end of the bargain. I had a chart of weekly tasks I had to accomplish. I had to answer the phone five times per week, something I had never done before. I had to say one word to my teacher at school and the list went on. For a child with Mutism, saying one word to someone can be like climbing Mount Qomolangma. I did everything that was asked of me and the day came. His name was Sequoia, whom I fell in love with immediately. When I was in Sequoia's presence, I forgot all about my problems and felt strong and secure. I am a fully participating member of society these days. My horses and I made it through a master's degree. I may have made it otherwise, but I'm not sure. I feel I owe my life to the horses and I try to give it back to them every day. They have given me the best gift I could ever imagine, my life. \n Answer: He had difficulty in communicating.",
            "output": [
                "What was the situation like when the author was four?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-40f8b388c2284457b9121bb48c0e6c4a",
            "input": "Article: If you are looking to putting a tree in your home for Christmas, there is always one debate that seems to arise in most households: whether you want a real tree or fake tree. Year after year, as we find ourselves cleaning old pine needles   for months on end, we decide that we will never get another real tree. So that begs the question: Which kind of tree is better? There is certainly a lot to be said for real trees. There is something fun about gathering the family together, going to a Christmas tree farm, and selecting or even cutting down your own tree. Real Christmas trees have that lovely holiday pine needle smell and they look great in your home. Of course, on the other hand, they also leave a complete mess behind and needles that seem to keep appearing for weeks or even months after the tree comes down. You must also find a way to deal with your real Christmas tree after you're done, which may mean cutting it into pieces so it will fit in the trash. Many dustmen will refuse to take away a tree that is left beside your regular trash, especially if it is a big tree or an old, yellow one with falling needles, making it hard to pick up. They don't want a face full of sharp needles any more than you do! With a fake Christmas tree, there is no mess, but there is also no Christmas smell and no exciting trip to the Christmas tree farm. Of course, these trees look the same in appearance as a real tree when decorated. _ For some people, a can of pine air freshener is enough to recreate the pleasant smell of a real tree. As to which tree is the better choice, it is really a matter of personal preference. Both real and fake trees certainly have their benefits, and knowing which is better for you this Christmas really depends on what your family wants. \n Answer: Objective.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's attitude towards this debate?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8fde065fee5542b297b31f9fedd62f7a",
            "input": "Article: Can noncombustion   technology create a no-pollution way to drive?Imagine pulling into a service station to fuel up your car. But not at the gas pump or electric battery charger --at the air pump! That's not hot air, either! The next generation of cars may run on thin air. Wouldn't that be an incredible way to cut both pollution and dependence on foreign oil? If you've ever inflated a balloon and then let it go, you've got the basics to test-drive the amazing MiniCAT, currently being developed by Noteur Development International (MDI), headquartered in Luxembourg. Invented by Formula One racing car designer Guy Negre, this experimental vehicle is unlike any car you've ever seen. While your family's traditional car or SUV draws its horsepower using combustion, the only fuel that MiniCAT needs (CAT stands for Compressed Air Technology) is the air we breathe. Start with about 25,000 gallons of air. Now, press it all into a space smaller than your school locker--because that's the size of two super-strong, high-pressure air tanks, made from fiber and fixed beneath the air car.  _ that much air inside those small tanks generates an internal pressure of over 4,000 pounds per square inch. That's over 300 times normal air pressure. When this cold, high-pressure air enters MiniCAT's unique engine, it interacts  with warmer air to create pressure waves that pump the engine's engineered pistons   to move the car. MiniCAT's projected top speed is 60 miles per hour, with a range of 120 miles on a full air supply. \n Answer: Cars that run on thin air.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0374df148d6e40299e941df3a028a98b",
            "input": "Article: Everyone knows what a needle is. Of course there are needles and needles. Needles for sewing machines, needles for injection , you name it. But few people think of the wonder a needle works in the hands of those who practice acupuncture . During the past ten years or so, I have been suffering from terrible headache. It seems to be getting from bad to worse these days . Last night I got a sudden pain in my head. It was so terrible that I could hardly bear it. Although I swallowed all kinds of pain-killers, I didn't feel any better, It seemed that there was nothing I could do but phone for a doctor. One of our neighbors happened to be with us. He was not a doctor, but he timidly offered his help, saying \"Do you mind if I tried acupuncture on you? These needles may possibly do you some good.\" I agreed. In a moment, he had taken out a few needles from his purse. Without a moment's delay, he fixed a few needles into the skin on my head here and there, Before long, I felt thoroughly relieved. Just then, the doctor sped through my house and said, \"Where is our patient?\" \"Sorry, Doctor, You are too late, It's killed!\" I answered in delight. It's a miracle , isn't it? \n Answer: the neighbor fixed needles on his own head",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-322a3a25260740cfa80500a4c5aa857c",
            "input": "Article: Many Americans have been leaving their cars at home and riding to work on bicycles. Andy Clark is the leader of the League of American Bicyclists. His group supports bicycling for fun, fitness and transportation. Clark says this is good news for the environment. He says riding a bicycle to work does not burn fossil fuel or creates dangerous pollutions. Experts say the effects are the most important on short trips. The Department of Transportation says fifty percent of Americans drive eight kilometers or fewer to work. Shorter car trips set out more pollution into the air for each kilometer drive. This is because the car engine will set out the harmful air when it warms up before it can work well. James, a members of Congress  , is a strong supporter of bicycle use. He says cities, counties, state governments and state highway transportation agencies are planning the roadways of the future. They are creating roads and paths for bicycles in cities and between communities. Last year, Portland, the Pacific Northwest city in the state of Oregon, had the highest percentage of bicycle users in the United States. Portland has been doing progressive city planning for many years to create special paths for bike riders. \n Answer: The pollution is getting worse and worse in America.",
            "output": [
                "What happened in America now according to the news?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3a7cc2a27fb649a0a3b30fee02251606",
            "input": "Article: Before I spoke to his school, Matt was waiting for me. He sat in his wheelchair barely able to move. As soon as he saw me he started smiling. He could not talk but I pretended the sharks were eating his cereal and his laugh melted the hearts of everyone walking by. One of the teachers told me that he was actually very smart, he just could not control his muscles due to a childhood disease. He was happy and very popular at his school-his'parents' love and encouragement made all the difference. On the contrary--at a book signing session, I met a girl by the name of Anne. She walked up with her mom with a bright smile. Anne asked about my book with a slur  in her speech indicating a slight head-injury. I told her about it and she smiled the whole time and asked me to sign one for her.  I did. Five minutes later, I heard a voice from Anne's father, \"you know you will not understand the book. You can't read well enough. You aren't smart enough.\" He said it so loudly that people were staring in their direction. She was  ly crushed and her bright smile was now replaced with a look of total despair. He pried the book from her and brought it back to me and asked me to take it back. I asked him if he would allow me to purchase the book for Anne.  He said no with a heartless response. I thought back to Matt. He could not speak, walk, run or play but was actually very happy and even doing well in school because of the love and encouragement of his parents.  Anne on the other hand had a slight learning problem and may never know happiness of success because of a stern  father. What kind of parent are you? The truth is that whatever you are telling your kids-makes the difference between their success or failure in life. \n Answer: He can't speak and read.",
            "output": [
                "What is Matt's problem?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-036373d5e1b640e29c3a5ff42e8648bd",
            "input": "Article: It never occurred to anybody, not even the creators that the world would care about the complex lives, loves and sufferings of a group of attractive and witty New Yorkers. But there's no doubt that Friends has become more than just a successful situation comedy--it has established itself as one of the last great television phenomena of the last century. Along the way, it has made its half-dozen leading actors famous. Looking back on the strong friendship between the group of three men and three women who frequently gather at each other's apartments and at Greenwich Village's Central Perk coffee house, Friends was created by television producers, David Crane and Marta Kauffman. In 1993, the pair met producer Kevin S. Bright. Then the three became partners and got a deal to produce a new comedy for Warner Brothers. What they came up with was based on Crane and Kauffman's after-college years, when they hung out at the local coffee house and involved themselves in every aspect of each other's lives. It didn't take long for viewers to make friends with Friends. The situation comedy quickly became a top ten hit. Critics loved it as well. Entertainment Weekly said the show operated like a Broadway show, with twisty plots and unique jokes. The television theme song has also been a success with the public. The song's success helped save the television theme song. An ABC executive was ready to order very short music intros  on his network's shows, thinking that viewers would hit the remote control as soon as the opening started. But the success of the Friends theme song led the ABC executive to change his mind-- remote controls or not, the TV theme song would stay. Years have gone by, but Friends remains and will remain an example of a modern US situation comedy that is both hugely entertaining television and nothing short of a genuine latter-day social phenomenon. \n Answer: It first came into being in the 1990s.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about Friends?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fad889fe3143458b91da3b8936a0805b",
            "input": "Article: On the day of a big event, many people came to Big Bend Mountain to watch. John Henry and the salesman stood side by side. Even early in the day, the sun was burning hot. The competition began. John Henry kissed his hammer and started working. At first, the steam-powered drill worked two times faster than he did. Then, he started working with a hammer in each hand. He worked faster and faster. In the mountain, the heat and dust were so thick that most men would have had trouble breathing. The crowd shouted as clouds of dust came from inside the mountain. The salesman was afraid when he heard what sounded like the mountain breaking. However, it was only the sound of John Henry at work. Polly Ann and her son cheered when the machine was pulled from the _ of the mountain. It had broken down. Polly Ann urged John Henry to come out. But he kept working, faster and faster. He dug deep into the darkness, hitting the steel so hard that his body began to fail him. He became weak, and his heart burst. John Henry fell to the ground. There was a terrible silence. Polly Ann did not move because she knew what had happened. John Henry's blood spilled over the ground. But he still held one of the hammers. \"I beat them,\" he said. His wife cried out, \"Don't go, John Henry.\"\"Bring me a cool drink of water,\"he said. Then he took his last breath. His friends carried his body from the mountain. They buried him near the house where he was born. Crowds went there after they heard about John Henry's death. Soon, the steam drill and other machines replaced the steel-drivers. Many laborers left their families to look for work. They took the only jobs they could find. As they worked, some sang about John Henry. \n Answer: He had heart trouble and was dying.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to John Henry when he fell to the ground?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-28f753d2cfb045639e34da81325ed56c",
            "input": "Article: In late February, US President Obama appointed Gary Locke (Luo Jiahui) as the US secretary of commerce. The appointment has caused an excitement in China. The reasons are simple. First, the US and China are two of the world's biggest economies. In recent years they have enjoyed close trade relations. Now, with the global economic crisis, the Chinese are anxious to know who will be filling such an important management role in America's trade efforts. Then, there's an even more obvious reason: the 59yearold Gary Locke is a thirdgeneration ChineseAmerican. He served two terms, between 1997 and 2005, as governor of the state of Washington.  Along with Locke, Steven Chu (Zhu Diwen), the 1997 Nobel Prizewinning physicist was named secretary of energy. The two men are the most wellknown ChineseAmericans among Chinese people. Both will be dealing closely with China. Many Chinese are wondering whether the men's family and cultural backgrounds will affect US policies toward China. Among the most asked questions are: \"will they be 'nicer' to China?\" and \"does their appointment mean that Obama will prioritize   China relations?\"  They represent many firsts and unusual honours for the 3.6 million ChineseAmericans. People in the motherland are naturally proud of the achievements of these people who share their blood, skin color1 and family names. Both Chu and Locke have had experience working with the Chinese. This will probably help improve communication and understanding in the two countries' relations. However, some experts say that it may not be realistic to expect Chu and Locke to be more \"Chinafriendly\" than others in the Obama administration. They are, after all, American officials serving the American people. Especially on matters of national interest, they will most likely not hesitate to play the hard line and put pressure on China. \n Answer: Reactions of some Chinese to the appointments.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ce6b6bf32d3d435bb84b9e6fdc056b75",
            "input": "Article: \"Angie, I know you like to sing,\" her father, a worker, told Angela Brown, \"but you must have something to fall back on  .\" Brown took her father's advice. She got a degree in secretarial science before entering Oakwood College, in Huntsville, Alabama. However, her aim was to become a singer at religious meetings. So after graduation she headed for Indiana University to study with the famous soprano   Virginia Zeani. Once, when Brown was troubled by self-doubt, Zeani said to her, \"If you want to be the next Aretha Franklin, you need no more lessons,\" Brown remembers her saying. \"But if you want to be the best Verdian  soprano this world has ever seen, you must work.\" Work she did. Three times she competed in the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions  . Three times she failed to make the final round in New York. Then, in 1997 at age 33, the age limit for sopranos to audition, she gave it one more try. She signed up at the last minute and didn't even practice, thinking, \"All they could do was to tell me no, and that didn't hurt my feelings anymore.\" She had the strength she needed to fall back on if she failed. She won. But making it in New York was just the beginning. It took her three more years to become an understudy   at the Met. But waiting in the wings was fine with her. Finally, her time came. When the featured singer fell ill, Brown earned the chance to sing the lead role in Aida. And The New York Times described her performance as a great success. Angela Brown, who had prepared for 20 years, was an \"overnight\" successful singer at age 40. \n Answer: From 2000 to 2004.",
            "output": [
                "When did Angela Brown act as an understudy at the Met?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f595e9376c264e01b79e84b4481f3eae",
            "input": "Article: (CNN)---NBA star Yao Ming announced his retirement  during a news conference in China on Wednesday.\"I need to make a personal decision,\" Yao said.\"I am ending my basketball career. I am very grateful. I would like to thank my family members and my parents. And most of all, the Houston Rockets.\"  Voted an All--Star player eight times while playing for the Houston Rockets, he was one of the most successful overseas players in the league. Yao has chalked up a career average of 19 points, 9.2 rebounds  and 1.9 blocks . His field-goal percentage  was 52.4. In recent years, however, he struggled with foot and ankle  injuries, and missed the 2009-2010 seasons. He suffered a fracture   on his left ankle, and missed last season after playing only five games. Yao has been undergoing treatment and training in recent months, but some doubted he could make a comeback. The 30-year-old said he struggled to learn English when he first came to the United States, and grew a lot during his time in the country. \" 9 years ago, I came to Huston as a tall, skinny player. I grew to a man there. I also had my daughter there. I thank you all,\" Yao said during the packed news conference in Shanghai. Yao's retirement came the year as another NBA giant Shaquille O'Neal. Both seven-footers had battled for many years. Kobe Bryant said Yao opened up doors for Chinese players to feel they could play in the NBA.\"All that started with Yao,\" Bryant said. \n Answer: Because he was seriously injured in his left ankle.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Yao miss the 2009-2010 season?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72b9e8a43a63447e9338860364023af9",
            "input": "Article: A speech is a wonderful opportunity to inform, persuade or entertain. The best speeches often take on a combination of all three of these components . However, before you can go about the writing of a great speech, it is important to set goals. Goals keep you,your speech and your audience focused. What a goal is In the context of a speech, a goal is the purpose of the speech, and what it hopes to accomplish. For example, the goal of a eulogy  might be to celebrate the life of a loved one. The goal of a speech at a political gathering would be to inform the crowd about the political position of a candidate and persuade them to vote and campaign for the candidatein question . Why a goal is important Without a goal, a speech is without direction. The goal informs the structure and content of the speech. For example, if a speech's goal is to convince people that smoking is bad for them, the speech will be structured with persuasive arguments to back up the goal. A speech with a goal of informing the audience will keep the information fair and factual. A goal is incredibly important to the speech's ability to connect with an audience. If the speaker is unaware of the goal of the speech, the audience will likely be unaware as well. This severely reduces the effectiveness of the message. Aside from informing the audience of the content and structure, a speech's goal drives the speaker to greater heights. If a speaker is asked to speak on a specific subject, but never establishes the goal, they won't know where to start in the research, organizing and writing of the speech.  _  If you have been charged with  delivering a speech, establishing a goal can seem difficult at first. There are several things to take into consideration. First, think about who you will be speaking to. The demographic  of your audience will likely determine whether you will be able to persuade them, or whether they will be able to sit through(......). Second, think about the topic itself. If the topic is something controversial , it may worth your while to consider an informative approach to present both sides of the issue. Finally, consider your resources. A speech with an informative or persuasive goal usually requires a great deal of research, and sometimes takes more time to write. \n Answer: Informing, persuading and entertaining.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what three components does the best speech combine?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3ab7f23d94a4415d9e766f3c57f8ad43",
            "input": "Article: When Nathan Winograd announced that he was leaving his job as a lawyer in California to run an animal shelter in Tompkins County, New York, his father looked at him for a long minute and then asked, \"What do dogs and cats need a lawyer for?\" The move meant giving up eight weeks' vacation, an office with a view of the San Francisco Bay and a big house among the redwoods, and moving to a rural area know for its harsh winters. But Winograd's wife, Jennifer, also an animal lover, was all for it. So they packed everything they owned, and with two young children, plus two dogs, and a bunch of cats Winograd had rescued, drove cross--country. On the second day, they had no room for six more puppies they received. They found an old horse trough, filled it with hay and nestled the animals inside. They placed it next to the front desk, and within a day or two, all six had homes, adopted by people who walked into the shelter and couldn't resist. Blind dogs, cats with missing limbs--all find homes. \"There is no dog or cat too old,  too ugly or too undesirable not to be adopted by someone,\" says Winograd.     Today, Tompkins County is considered the only no-kill county in the United States. Nine out of ten dogs cats that come through the shelter doors are saved. Only animals with incurable injuries or illnesses, and the truly evil, are put down. The national average is half of all dogs and 70 percent of cats, totaling more than four million animals last year alone. Even though he drives an old car that leaks when it rains, and his family lives on a tight budget while his classmates from Stanford Law earn six-figure salaries, Winograd says he's doing what he'd always wanted to do when he grew up; run an animal shelter and save all the animals. As a young district lawyer, he kept his goal in mind, starting when he raised his first animal cruelty case. A man was accused of intentionally setting his brown cat on fire. Winograd made his case, and the abusive owner was sentenced to prison. It was the first of many such cases, and he raised each with vigor. But the senseless violence, neglect and ignorance never failed to shock him. He decided simply, \"I need to get to the other side and start saving these animals.\" Now, Winograd is helping to save thousands, even millions, \"I'm convinced that a no kill nation is possible, I'm just here trying to shorten the time until it arrives.\" \n Answer: He was very angry.",
            "output": [
                "What was his father's response when Nathan Winograd left his job as a lawyer in California?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-82cafd8f96364b2399b5f707ba42f731",
            "input": "Article: When did you last visit a shopping mall? In many places, the answer would be \"last weekend.\" Some people go even more often. Why? For one thing, malls offer goods and services that people need all in one place: food, clothing, things for their houses, entertainment, even medical services. So, are malls one of the highlights of modern civilization? Environmental activists would say No! They would go even further and say that consumer behavior is causing a huge environmental disaster. cause consumers of ignorance of the side effect of their shopping--urban sprawl   . Social scientists agree that patterns of development have changed the landscape a great deal in the last half century. Before 1950, most people lived in towns or cities and either walked to work or took public transportation. Only very wealthy people had automobiles. Farmers lived in rural areas or isolated villages and came into town only when they needed things they couldn't produce themselves. If you gazed at the landscape you would see towns surrounded by countryside. Then a massive change occurred. Automobiles became affordable and people were quick to adopt them. Now ambitious workers could live in the suburbs, the areas just outside cities, which started to grow rapidly. As long as there was lots of cheap land in the suburbs, no one paid much attention to the usage of that land. Malls, fast food restaurants, cinemas, and car dealerships spread out in large, flat buildings. These one-storey buildings and their parking lot took up a great deal space. Well- meaning farmers thought they were better off selling their land than growing crops. In ignorance, no one realized that once the land was built up in urban sprawl, the good farming land would be ruined forever. There was no way to preserve it. Only in recent years have people come to mourn the old way of life as they have developed insight into the problems. Now people realize that urban sprawl has come with serious environmental problems. The negative aspects of sprawl include air and water pollution, loss of agricultural land, traffic jams, and the death of businesses in the old town centers. Many scholars think the time has come to analyze the problems better so we can develop appropriate policies to control further sprawl. Some think the best way to do is to educate citizens about their priceless environment. \n Answer: Urban Sprawl",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly discussed in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6daeec9e03c24d9abc43252e60a9b43f",
            "input": "Article: Paris is an ancient city, the center of prefix = st1 /Franceand probably the most cultured city in Europe.  For the modern traveler it's very easy to reach the famous city on the river Seine.  You can fly there in less time than it takes to travel by train from Beijing toShanghai.  Once you reachParisyou are surprised by a city that is the perfect combination of modern life and history. The best time to arrive is the spring.  Winter is cold and wet, the summer humid and autumn windy.  In the spring the flowers are blossoming, the sun shines and the birds sing.  The people ofParisare most pleased with spring in their city.  They play in the parks, visit the beautiful monuments and enjoy \"joie de vivre\" . If you arrive in Parisin the springtime, you will enjoy the life of lazy walks down the boulevards too, sitting in the cafes and visiting the most famous museums in the world.  There are many places for you to visit, Notre Dame de Paris, the nearby palace of Versaille, the arch of Triumph and of course the Eiffel Tower. You'll notice that in Paris the people in the cafes all look out at the people on the street.  They like to see and be seen.  Some monuments are not French, but fromEgypt, orGreece, or maybe Chinese!  There are many, many dogs, especially the famous French poodie with his well-tailored looks.  This is the city where the French impressionists painted their works, where arts, culture and literature are the main passions of life.  Apart of course, from the food!  All Frenchmen like to eat and drink wine - they are never happier than when they are having a picnic on the banks of the river Seine in the springtime. \n Answer: Parisis the perfect combination of modern life and history.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what will be your first impression if you are in Paris?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa629da56f2442f0abace053e214f212",
            "input": "Article: Prejudice is a preconceived opinion that is not based on fact or reason. Examples of prejudice in schools include believing that some students are particular type of people simply because of the way they dress or act, or believing that a certain group is good at sports simply because many peop1e in that group are goad at sports. Another example is believing that a boy is good at science because many boys are good at science.     I would like to cite more examples from the English literature. The best example of \"prejudice\" can be found in Jane Austen's novels. Her novels in the history of English literature are popularly known as \"novels of manners\".Thus you can clearly understand that where manners and social behavior are concerned,\"prejudice\" is inevitable ! Austen' s famous novel Pride and Prejudice is the best example in this respect. When you read the novel, the very first line that would strike you is \"it is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.\"It is an example of 18th century English middle class prejudice that eventually looked upon women just as an object that would serve as the basic sign for a man to establish his manliness and his superior and well acquired financial status. This novel is chiefly about class division,social norms and the consequent human behavior. The characters Elizabeth and Darcy,in their journey of 1ife through the course of the novel, highlight their personal prejudices towards one another that arise from their different social strata .Darcy,a rich man , at first , fails to admire the beauty and intelligence of Elizabeth because of her low social status:\"she is tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt me;\"and Elizabeth,proud of her \"first impressions\",failed to understand the well natured man under the proud and unfriendly Darcy. \n Answer: Prejudice is an unreasonable dislike of a particular group of people or things.",
            "output": [
                "What is \"prejudice\" defined in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dfb8fdbe0c784130a873a29f8889df4a",
            "input": "Article: Three--quarters of a million tourists flock to the white beaches every year,but this booming industry has come at a price.Poisonous smoke rising from open fires,rubbish made up of plastic bottles,packets...it'S a _ from the white sands,clear waters and palm trees that we associate with the Maldives ,the paradise island holiday destination set in the Indian Ocean. of its 200 inhabited islands,which are spread across an area of\"35,000 square miles,99 are good resorts .So many tourists come every year,more than double the local population.Of these,over l 00,000 travel from the U K.The capital,Mal6,is four times more densely populated than London.Given these facts,it'S hardly surprising that the Maldives has a waste disposal problem. Y ears a90,when the tourists left,the government had to deal with a stream of rubbish.Their solution was to turn one of the islands into a dumping ground.Four miles west of Mal6 is the country's dumping ground,Thilafushi.What you are seeing here is a view of the Maldives on which no honeymooners will ever clap eyes.Each visitor produces 3.5 kg of waste per day.The country dumps more than 330 tons of rubbish on the island every day. Now,since many waste boats,fed up with waiting seven hours or more,directly offload their goods into the sea,the government of the Maldives has banned the dumping of waste on the island.S0,the waste boats ship the rubbish to India instead. \n Answer: Open fires on the islands.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main cause of the waste disposal problem?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e20ac2e7b84e4784ba985b481dbe7ec9",
            "input": "Article: A famous foreign company that invested in China wanted to employ a reception secretary for its public relation department. A beautiful girl with a master degree in electric engineering became a winning candidate  through the difficult process of employment. At its last stage she faced an oral test together with another girl who was her equal not only in good looks but also in education standard. The girl we talk about was confident in herself and successful in the oral test. It seemed that she would get the chance. The examiner told her on behalf of the company that she could come to office of company next Monday as a new employee. At last he asked her, \"Have you anything else to say? Shocked by the unexpected question, the beautiful girl was quite at a loss, saying with hesitation ,\"\"I have to talk with my parents before I give an answer.\"Surprised, the examiner said calmly,\"In that case, let's wait till you are ready.\" The next day the girl came to tell that her parents agreed to her beginning work next Monday. But the examiner said regretfully,\"Sorry, the job position is filled by another suitable candidate. You had better have a try in another place.\"The beautiful girl was surprised. She asked for an explanation and was told,\"What is needed here is a person who knows her own mind.\" That was how a good opportunity slipped away right under the nose of a beautiful girl. \n Answer: One's independence.",
            "output": [
                "What did the examiner value most?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ed696633db974dac8156040c8ffa26fb",
            "input": "Article: Many people say dolphins are very intelligent. They seem to be able to think, understand, and learn things quickly. But are they smart like humans or more than cats or dogs? Dolphins use their brains differently from people. But scientists say dolphin intelligence and human intelligence are similar in some ways. How? Fact 1: Talk to me Like humans, every dolphin has its own \"name\". The name is a special whistle. Each dolphin chooses a specific whistle for itself, usually by its first birthday. Actually, scientists think dolphins, like people, \"talk\" to each other about a lot of things, such as their age, their feelings, or finding food. And, like humans, dolphins use a system of sounds and body language to communicate. But understanding their conversations is not easy for humans. No one speaks \"dolphin\" yet, but some scientists are trying to learn. Fact 2: Let's play Dolphins are also social animals. They live in groups, and they often join others from different groups to play games and have fun--just like people. In fact, playing together is something only intelligent animals do. Fact 3: Fishermen's helper Dolphins and humans are similar in another way: both make plans to get something they want. In the seas of southern Brazil, for example, dolphins use an interesting strategy to get food. When fish are near a boat, dolphins show signs to the fishermen to put their nets in the water. Using this method, the men can catch a lot of fish. What is the advantage for the dolphins in doing so? They get to eat some of the fish. \n Answer: A special whistle.",
            "output": [
                "What does a dolphin often use as its \"name\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f6e62d94a22847e79af1289358eb7231",
            "input": "Article: Russian President Putin named Time magazine's person of the year  Russian President Vladimir Putin was named Time magazine's \"Person of the Year\" on December 19th,2007for strengthening stability  that made Russia a world power again.  The magazine recognized Putin's \"extraordinary feat of leadership in taking a country that was in a mess and bringing it stability,\" said Richard Stengel, Time's managing editor.  The magazine noted that \"Person of the Year\" is not an honor or an endorsement but a recognition of leadership that shapes the world.  Putin, who is 56 years old, is very popular in Russia, making a great effort to cause economy to come to life on revenue from oil and natural gas.  Putin recently supported vice-PM Dmitry Medvedev's presidential bid, and said he would accept Medvedev's offer to serve as prime minister if Medvedev is elected March2.  The Kremlin said Wednesday the Time reconnition was seen there as an _ of Putin's role in helpingprefix = st1 /Russiapull out of its social and economic troubles in the 1990s.  Others considered for Person of the Year included Nobel Prize-winner Al Gore and author J.K. Rowling.  This year's choice was a return to the magazine's tradition of picking an individual rather than last year's choice of \"You\", which refers to anyone creating or using content on the World Wide Web.  Putin is the fifth Russian(or Soviet) leader to be named Person of the Year: Gorbachev, Andropov, Khrushchev and Stalin, who was named twice. \n Answer: By getting foreign help",
            "output": [
                "How did Putin try to make Russiaa world power again?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-325aa55df43e4ed4992dd8142fce249b",
            "input": "Article: Jack threw the papers on my desk. \"Next time you want to change anything, ask me first,\" he said. I had changed a long sentence and corrected its grammar -- something I thought I was paid to do. Several days later, he made me angry again. I went to his office, prepared to lose my job if need be, but not before I let the man know how I felt. \"What?\" he said nervously. Suddenly I knew what I had to do. \"Jack, the way you've been treating me is wrong. And it's wrong for me to allow it to continue,\" I said. \"I want to make you a promise. I will be a friend.\" The next day I brought some cakes to Jack's office. Every time I saw Jack in the hall, I smiled at him. After all, that's what friends do. One year after our talk, I was told that I had breast cancer  . When I was in hospital, my friends tried to find the right words to say, but no one could. The last day of my hospital stay, the door opened and Jack walked over to my bed. \"Tulips  ,\" he placed some bulbs   beside me and said, \"If you plant them when you get home, you'll be there to see them when they come up.\" Tears filled my eyes. In a moment when I prayed for just the right words, a man with few words said the right thing. After all, that's what friends do. Now, I have seen those tulips push through the soil every spring for over ten years. \n Answer: He didn't agree with her correction.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jack throw some papers on the author's desk?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-192af13700a14272808106e4f6908ac8",
            "input": "Article: The plastic identification ( ID, ) cards carded by all Chinese citizens over 16 are to be replaced with electronic cards from 2005.  The new cards, which most people will have by 2005, contain a microchip   on which personal information is stored. This can be checked against databases   kept by the government. \"The information will be locked into the card so that people won' t be able to use false identities,\" said Ren Tianbu, a security   official in Shenyang. China's present plastic identity cards were introduced 17 years ago, and a similar system is used by many other countries. However, the information shown on a card differs from nation to nation. Most ID cards show the holder' s name, sex, date of birth and photograph, as well as the card' s expiry   date and number. Germany,  France and Spain all use ID cards, but there are some developed nations who dislike the idea. The US, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Sweden and Britain are among those with no national ID card. However, some of the countries have ID cards for particular uses. For example, Australia and the United States use a driving licence   to identify people. Identity cards are introduced for a variety of reasons. Race, politics and religion were often at the heart of older ID systems. In recent years, though, ID cards have been linked to national information databases, which form the basis of how a government manages a country. The US, Britain and some other countries are considering a national ID system as a way of preventing possible terrorist attacks. However, such plans have been .met with fierce   resistance by those who believe identity cards work against human rights and individual privacy   . \"ID cards make us suspects  , not citizens,\" said UK human rights group Liberty. \n Answer: The new Chinese ID card was introduced 17 years ago.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true according to the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4e4f2ea52ab42e8b187f07715617ce4",
            "input": "Article: Animal moms are great moms. You might be surprised at some of these moms. Octopuses   The mother octopus lays about 50,000 eggs. For about 300 days, she stays with the eggs, cleans them and protects them. She does not leave to feed. However, this animal mom dies as soon as the eggs are hatched  . Crocodiles  A crocodile mother puts a lot of time and effort into raising her babies. She starts by building a nest  , which she guards for over two months! When the eggs are ready to hatch, the young crocs call out to their mother, who digs them out and helps them hatch. She then carries them in her mouth down to the water, where she will guard them for several more weeks or months until they learn to hunt on their own. Bats   Bats become moms by hanging head up in a cave, giving birth. Catching the youngster before it can fall to the ground below, she puts it in a pouch  . Bat moms may carry babies with them when feeding for the first few days. As the little bats get bigger and heavier, moms help them hang on the wall of their caves and return often to feed them. It continues for about three weeks, until the babies are grown up and able to fly on their own. Koalas   The animal mom gives birth after a pregnancy   of only 35 days. The hairless baby climbs into its mother's pouch and lives there for another five months. When the little koala is between five and eight months old, it leaves the pouch for short periods of time but returns for safety. Once it is too big to return to the pouch, it will climb onto its mother's back and ride there until it is about 12 months old. \n Answer: Octopuses.",
            "output": [
                "Which animal moms die when their babies are born?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4c078542435841c8a082ae867497e585",
            "input": "Article: When the musical sound rings you, you immediately reach for your pocket ready to have a chat. But although you probably use it all the time, have you ever thought about the manners related to talking on the phone? If you haven't, here are some tips to guide you. *Always give the person you are calling plenty of time to get to the phone before you hang up. If the person who answers is not the one you want, give your name and ask if you may speak to the person you want. *Think about the time you call people. Try not to call too early in the morning (before about 9:00) or too late at night (after about 9:30). Also try not to call at mealtimes. *If you go by plane to visit your relatives at Christmas, remember to follow airline instructions. Cell phone must be turned off as soon as the plane doors are closed and remain so until the doors open again on arrival. *When you're face to face with someone, do not talk on the phone. It is rude to be on the phone when a waiter is trying to take your order in a restaurant, or when you are returning the shoes you have just been trying on in a shop. Finish any face-to-face business before taking a call. Continuing to use the phone while nodding to the person in front of you is quite impolite. *When in a restaurant with your friends, keep phone conversations short. Make a call only if it is important. Practice speaking in a low voice. If no one turns to your way, _ . *If you go to a theatre, a concert or a cinema, consider the other people around you. Check that your phone is \"off\" before you enter. If you are expecting a very important call, put your phone on \"vibrate\"  and run for the exit as soon as you feel it. If you forget both \"off\" and \"vibrate\" and your phone rings, don't answer it, turn it off straight away. \n Answer: You may call people as soon as you get on the plane, but not after the doors are closed.",
            "output": [
                "Which is TRUE according to the passage above?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73a68db7d72949c8954cf222b073ec91",
            "input": "Article: There is a problem each of us faces in following advice on emotional healing: apologizing is difficult. We are trapped in what we think of ourselves by holding onto our pride. We can be selfish and not willing to admit our most obvious mistakes. Pride eats away at us as we argue or ignore the mistake. It's happened to me. I have had too much pride and selfishness to apologize to a loved one I hurt. When I did want to apologize, I couldn't bring myself to face the other person. This is the pride I'm talking about. Maybe apologies come difficult for men because they're expected to be dominant. It's like the joke that a man never asks for directions when lost. Ladies are more emotionally open than guys and are willing to express it. Still, both genders wonder how to correctly apologize. In shifting the focus on apologizing away from you, what does not apologizing do to other people? They feel hurt that you are not willing to communicate your mistake. They lose trust in you as you hide behind your mistake avoiding reality. They become angry with you, wondering why you do not tell them the truth. They may begin to counter your lack of apologies by not apologizing themselves and from this the relationship goes downhill as the two of you get caught in a power struggle. You need to communicate your mistakes. A mistake you made is like a scratch and by not apologizing you are making the scratch a deeper wound and rubbing salt into it. You need to stop hurting the other person and yourself by learning to apologize. There is real power in apologizing and emotional healing. \n Answer: They aren't good at expressing themselves.",
            "output": [
                "Why are men more unwilling to make apologies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c26184c61459464ba3595d82ead7c10a",
            "input": "Article: Every day I check my e-mail. Most of the time I am simply doing finger exercises, another form of piano practice without the beautiful tones. Sometimes, however, I receive a gift, reminding me of the gifts in my life. The following passage is one of those gifts. Peter Jones is a 92-year-old, small but proud man. Every morning he is fully dressed by eight o'clock, with his hair fashionably combed and his face shaved perfectly, even though he is actually blind. He would move to a nursing home today because his wife of 70 years recently passed away, making the move necessary.  After many hours of waiting patiently in the entrance hall of the nursing home, he smiled sweetly when told his room was ready. As he moved his walker skillfully to the elevator, the nurse provided a visual description of his tiny room,  \"I love it,\" he stated with the enthusiasm of an eight-year-old having just been presented with a new puppy. \"Mr. Jones, you haven't seen the room; just wait.\" Said the nurse.  \"That doesn't have anything to do with it,\" he replied. \"Happiness is something you decide on ahead of time. Whether I like my room or not doesn't depend on how the furniture is arranged... it's how I arrange my mind. I have already decided to love it. It's a decision I make every morning when I wake up. I have a choice: I can spend the day in bed recounting the difficulty I have with the parts of my body that no longer work, or get out of bed and be thankful for the ones that do. Each day is a gift, and as long as my eyes open, I'll focus on the new day and all the happy memories I've stored away.   May each of our days continue to be a gift. \n Answer: He is blind but very neat.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Mr. Jones?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f12d3e9fda6445ad93e68de8dce0cf38",
            "input": "Article: I was born with epilepsy, a disease of the nervous system that causes a person to fall unconscious. I first suffered from it at 3.My mother was also born with it, but only ever so often short periods, Elementary and Junior High were not easy for me. I was unable to take part in sports and events like the other students. I was being treated with medicines, as they were trying to find the right ones for me. I was a victim of bullying. and often got off the school bus crying. I had friends and good times, but I was never happy at school. I would rather stay at home and play the piano and read books. The first two years of High School were the worst. I was bullied by girls and guys who didn't want to get to know me. I soon felt like there was something wrong with me. I felt alone, and my relationship with God was falling. Junior year, I took part in volleyball and cheerleading, and was Very 8uccessful in the two. I made t}1ree Very close friends, and I soon started acting like myself. Senior year, I was Voted class clown, and I grew so strong and I shared my kindness with all around me, and stood up for what was right. When l went off to college, I started attending church and my relationship with Cod was close again, like my younger days in Sunday sch001.1 wouldn't go back and change anything. I came to a conclusion. It was my mom who helped me and stood by my side all those years, and it was God who carried me. I am stronger than ever before, and I will never become discouraged about the bullying. I still have my beautiful family, and nothing else will take away those memories. If these difficulties and efforts bring us closer to God, then bring on the rain. \n Answer: Because she had no skills in plays.",
            "output": [
                "WIly would the author stay at home rather than play with others?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a5e73775eea043cba70dc080390c33cf",
            "input": "Article: More and more pupils are giving teachers presents, but the practice only creates insecurity in parents and staff. I've certainly noticed some pupils being feverishly overgenerous of late. Last year, I received not one bottle of wine but four for helping a disaffected pupil through his GCSEs. By and large, my colleagues report the gifts differing along gender lines. Gentlemen get ties, mugs, booze and, if they're really lucky, tickets to football matches. The ladies are often presented with flowers, jewels, chocolates and so on. When my son was at private school, I noticed there was a real competitiveness between the students about giving presents to teachers, with expensive baskets from fancy stores and huge bouquets being handed out on the last days of term. Since my wife and I only let my son give thank-you cards, it was clear we were not \"classy\". Now he is at an inner-city primary, we've noticed that this kind of _ seems to have more or less disappeared. For one thing, there isn't that kind of money floating around - but there isn't that kind of competitive culture either. Personally, I think gifts to teachers should be banned beyond the thank-you card: they cause many more problems than they solve, creating insecurity in both parents and staff. Perhaps the recession and the lack of money in people's pockets might be a good excuse for the government to issue some guidelines to schools that gifts shouldn't be accepted by teachers. The gifts that I really value are the cards which say a genuine thank you. I still keep them in a file at home. \n Answer: A teacher.",
            "output": [
                "What can the author most probably be?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c0fca692cd1c45bb9e7775e253c22a5d",
            "input": "Article: No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are controlling the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic  society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of the whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth. There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual himself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in school, gets rid of all envy and competition in a matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing is not to be looked down upon by a wealthy person who wears expensive clothing. Those persons ignore the concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and individuality. If all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone struggle to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of food. When this happens, all motivation to improve one's life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life as they had? Uniforms also hurt the economy . Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of people are employed in designing, creating, and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Salesmen would be extra as well. Why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry which in turn would have a wave effect on such industries as advertising and sales promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. Our entire information and entertainment industries would collapse. \n Answer: To suggest what would happen if uniforms became compulsory.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author discuss forcing everyone to buy the same car or eat the same food?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a5e2e6ef11e84e7494f7c548bb17f4b2",
            "input": "Article: Most families love home cooking! The food tastes good and warm, and a family meal brings everyone together.In some families, meals are often the only times everyone sees one another the same time. Another reason people enjoy home cooking is that it is often a way of showing love.A parent who makes some cookies is not just satisfying a child's sweet tooth. She or he is sending a message.The message says, \"I care about you enough to spend an hour making cooking that you will eat up in 15 minutes if I let you.\" There is also something about the smell of home cooking.The smell of home cooking pleases people of all ages.It makes most of us feel good and loved----- even if we are the ones doing the cooking! Next time you smell a cake making, stop for a moment and pay attention to your mood . \n Answer: Many people are too busy.",
            "output": [
                "Why do fewer people cook now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6dc82e97fa7749ec94e1b4d6e60f61ef",
            "input": "Article: I had lunch with a friend of mine the other day and she said something that I found surprising: \"Work is paid slavery.\" My friend wanted more control over her work hours, income, etc., but you can imagine that if \"work is serving someone,\" she won't have much luck until that belief changes. When I asked her where that belief came from, she said her father. Most of us spend many of our waking hours at work. How we think about those hours will determine how good or bad we feel about our lives. How would you complete the sentence: \"Work is....\"? How many of us say that work is fulfilling? How many say work is fun? Changing Limiting Beliefs Almost everyone I talk to has limiting beliefs about money or work. I worked with my friend using the walking belief change described in Debug Your Mental Software. When it came time to come up with a new belief, she struggled. She even asked me: \"What's the opposite of slavery?\" So strong was the old belief that she couldn't think of the opposite. What's Your Work Belief? If you think work is bad, you'll end up working in an unfulfilling job regardless of how much it pays. If you think work is freedom, you'll enjoy your work because it fulfills you. I call it \"soul work.\" If you're doing the work you love, it will be energizing, freeing. Much of our work ethic  starts in childhood by watching our parents. How did they talk about work? Did they hate it, or did they love it? The truth is probably somewhere in between. Many of us say we don't want a job \"like my parent had\" or a job where they're stuck inside a small room. But many of us end up with jobs like that. Sometimes it's how we approach the tasks of our jobs that make the difference. It's possible to make even the most ordinary job meaningful and fulfilling. If it isn't possible for you to do that, then it is time to think about \"evolving out of the job\". Sometimes just quitting a job because it's boring is the wrong thing to do, but thinking about where you want to be and if you need more education is a good idea. Some young people seem to have trouble starting jobs or finishing college. Has our economy discouraged them? A recent movie I saw had a grown man (over thirty) telling his friends that he's a \"stay-at-home-son.\" Truth is sometimes stranger than fiction.   I had breakfast at my local Perkins yesterday. Kristin took my order. She was bubbly and full of energy compared to the other waitresses. I watched as she remembered everything a family of four staying at a neighboring hotel had ordered the day before. Kristin loved people and loved her job. She has the kind of attitude and work ethic that employers crave. What's your work belief? Does it limit you? Could you tune it up to live a better life right now? If most of us are going to spend 30 years working, shouldn't we try to make it enjoyable? Could it be that work is freedom or right work is energizing or something even better? \n Answer: Your inner feeling",
            "output": [
                "According to the writer, what determines the nature of work?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e405e2df37b47c2b22fedcfe3aa4127",
            "input": "Article: All of us love music; we just differ in the kind of music we like to play and listen to. Music plays a huge part in our life. Even when we were still inside our mother, we heard music. Babies easily fall asleep when they hear lullabies   and most mothers believe that making their child listen to music at an early age can develop their musical skills. Aside from improving sleep quality and making us feel relaxed, music also helps develop our brain. Studies have proven that musical education or training helps develop the left side of the brain which is responsible for processing language. We easily remember things when we link them to a particular song and this can help them get good grades especially in math since they can link the songs they sing to the elements of math. Music can also cure people. These days music is used to help treat depression , high blood pressure, brain injuries and many other problems. Most of all, according to researchers, music can help improve people's memory, if not totally bring it back. Doctors play the favorite songs of their patients to help them recall things. Music is also used to reduce pain after a person receives a surgery.  Music also affects the way we live and get along with other people. Creating music together with people in a band can help a person learn how to communicate well with other people. Music activities provide enjoyment for children and adults alike. They have fun making music together with friends and at the same time learn how to sing or play a musical instrument. Music really has amazing effects on us; it may be physical, emotional, social, or psychological  . Make sure to enjoy life by listening to your favorite music along with your family and friends. \n Answer: The effects of music on us.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-75a38b0a5efa46928ca52955f86d9cea",
            "input": "Article: After seven years of preparation, England  _ the 2012Summer Olympic Games on Friday. NBC estimates   that 4 billion viewers tuned in   from around the world to watch teh opening ceremonies in London England. Oscar-winning flimmaker Danny Boyle directed the opening ceremonies. The show cost $42 million and required 15,000 volunteers. An Exciting Opening Boyle's ceremonies took audiences through a history of England. The performmance began in the English countryside, continued with the building of factories and cities and ended up in the modern age, with performers texting and using cellphones. Next, the athletes, coaches and officials from the 205 nations competing made their way into the stadium during the Parade of Nations. The ceremonies ended with the lighting of the Olympic flame and Paul McCartney, former member of the famous rock band The Bealtes, singing the song \"Hey Jude\". Super Surprises The opening weekend of competition took some unexpected turns. American swimmer Ryan Lochte surprised the world when he beat teammate Michael Phelps to win a gold medal in teh 400-meter individual medley . It was the first time Phelps did not win a medal in an Olympic race since 2000, when Phelps was 15. \" I had a chance to put myself in a good spot, and I didn't do it,\" Phelps said after the race. \"It's pretty upsetting, but the biggest thing now is to try to get back and move forward.\" Even more surprising was China's 16-year-old Ye Shiwen\"s unbelievable performance in the women's 400-metre individual medley. Ye set the first swimming world record this year, even swimming faster than men's gold medalist. Lochte, during the final 50meters of the race! Though many expected to see American gymnast Jordyn Wieber take home gold in the women's all gymnastics final, Wieber did not qualify for the event. Only two gymnasts from each country can qualify, and Wieber was beaten by teammates Gabby Douglas and Aly Raisman. With the Games just getting under way, there are likely many more surprises. What else will surprise fans around the world? You'll have to watch to find out! \n Answer: Britain's rich history.",
            "output": [
                "What did the opening ceremonies mainly show us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e18854a6280640e4bd3a5cd10d15df48",
            "input": "Article: Do successful businessmen need an office? Increasingly the answer seems to be no. Chris Ward, author of the book Out of Office explains how President Barack Obama's first inauguration  speech was written by 27-year-old Jon Favreau sitting in Starbucks ; how Richard Tait, creator of Cranium, started the board game in a coffee shop; how Michael Acton Smith invented the children's virtual world Moshi Monsters in his local cafe Nero; and how JK Rowling, the novelist behind Harry Potter, believes a cafe is the best place to write. It is a convincing view, and for basic start-ups it makes much more sense to work from home and public spaces such as cafes than renting an expensive office. Offices are hard to find, costly to decorate and involve much tiring administration. Moreover, by staying independent you avoid the misery  of a daily commute , which for many is the worst part of a job. Thanks to mobile communications, WiFi  and cloud storage, together with the increasing heavy-duty equipment such as photocopiers, fax machines and desktop PCs, the traditional office is becoming redundant  for many sorts of organizations and workers. Of course, factory managers, surgeons, chefs and industrial chemists are still tied to specialist locations. But many of us---from software engineers and copywriters to architects and fashion designers---can operate almost anywhere. That freedom, and a willingness to adapt, can make one's career more enjoyable and, sometimes, more efficient. \n Answer: Fashion designers.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following careers is tied to special locations?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-41d339c72f8b4d728bc65fcc8649c2be",
            "input": "Article: Goats are being hired to do the work of men in a neighborhood just outside of San Diego. The fires that occurred in Hillborough four years ago destroyed thirty homes, most of which have been rebuilt. While the home were rebuilt, the grasses, bushes, and shrubs were re-growing. The area is now so overgrown in brush that it again brings a major danger of fire. The city government asked for bids  to remove the brush. The lowest bid they received was $50,000. And that was if the city provided breakfast and lunch for the work crews for the six weeks it would take to clear the overgrown area. The city government said no, offering unlimited coffee and a doughnut a day for each crew member. When that offer was rejected, the city asked for help on its website. A sheepherder in Montana and a goat-herder in San Bernardino read about the city's problem while surfing the web on their laptops. They both offered to do the job for $25,000. The government chose the goat-herder because he lived closer. When told that the city dump was overflowing, the goat-herder said, \"No problem. My goats will eat everything in your dump. Except for the automobile engines, of course.\" So, for another $5,000, the city killed two birds with one stone. If all goes well, they will invite the goat-herder and his \"family\" back every three years. The goat-herder said he will probably visit San Diego while his goats are in the dump. \"I want to go there by plane; I just hope we don't crash. My goats would miss me a lot,\" he said. \n Answer: The overgrowing plants in this area have become a big danger of fire.",
            "output": [
                "What faces the city government as a serious problem?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-abe825ffd181494bb7a9e426faea5beb",
            "input": "Article: The largest campaign of killing rats in history is set to poison millions of rats on the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia. Scientists say the campaign planned for 2013 and 2014 will restore beautiful South Georgia to the position it once held as the world's most important nesting sites for seabirds. It was sailors in the late 18th century who unintentionally introduced rats to what had been a fresh environment. \"If we can destroy the rats, at least 100 million birds will return to their home on South Georgia,\" says Tony Martin, a biology professor at the University of Dundee who was invited to lead the project. South Georgia is by far the largest island to get rid of animals that destroy native wildlife after being introduced deliberately or accidentally by people. Though rats and mice have done the most damage, cats, foxes, goats, deer, rabbits and other species have been targeted in the campaigns around the world. South Georgia is seven times the size of New Zealand's Campbell Island, currently the largest area ever killing rats. The successful war against Campbell Island rats was carried out in 2001 with 132 tons of poison dropped from five helicopters. \"New Zealand pioneered the techniques for ridding islands of rats and in fact our operation on South Georgia is based on New Zealand's technology.\" Says Martin. \"Some New Zealanders will be helping our campaign, including our chief pilot, Peter Garden, who was also chief pilot for the projects at Campbell Island and Rat Island, in the Aleutian chain of the north Pacific.\" The second and third stages in 2013 and 2014 will involve dropping as much as 300 tons of poison from the air onto every part of the island where rats might live. It is a huge operation, carried out during the stormy southern autumn when the rats are hungry and the risks of poisoning native wildlife are less than in the spring and summer months. \"Ideally we'd do in winter but the weather makes that too risky,\" Martin says. The ecological payback will be priceless. But Martin says, \"The full benefits will take decades to arrive, because some of these birds are slow to hatch.\" \n Answer: They were brought in by people deliberately.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, how did the rats appear on the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bd3afaa9fe2f429c8c15da1442e16669",
            "input": "Article: A few years ago, pop poets such as Murray Lachlan Young began to set poetry to rock music with some surprising results. People thought that poetry was the new rock 'n' roll. However, despite the brief popularity of a few pop poets, poetry and pop music didn't seem to mix. But are they really so different? If you look back at the origins of poetry, there is a strong connection between poems and popular music. In Greek mythology, for example, the muse   Erato is pictured with a lyre   in her hand, and looks just like the ancestor of the modern rock star with his electric guitar. In addition, the poets Shelley and Byron were as famous in the nineteenth century as the pop stars of today. But despite their common origins, there are many differences between poetry and pop music. Pop songs are always written for a public performance, whereas poetry often isn't. And the lyrics in pop songs sometimes have less rhythm than those in poetry. This is because the music provides the rhythm rather than the words. Pop lyrics are also simpler and often keep on saying the same thing. This repetition works well in a performance and means that pop songs are easier for people to sing and learn by heart. Both songs and poems tell a story or talk about feelings. Songs in particular deal with the different stages in a relationship, such as falling in love or breaking up. The words and ideas in songs are usually easier to understand than those in \"serious\" poetry. However, talented performers like Paul McCartney, or newer stars like Robbe Williams, often give simple songs more expression when they perform them. And some of the best lines from pop lyrics are as beautiful as poetry. So although pop music and poetry have many differences, they do have one important thing in common: the power to make us think about how we feel. \n Answer: He had poems and rock music combined.",
            "output": [
                "What did Murray Lachlan Young do a few years ago?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e50751f0a3f5434fb2ceca5023200eaf",
            "input": "Article: It's true that many dads in the wild aren't interested in parenting, but there are some that work pretty hard to give their little ones a good start. Maybe one of these dads will make you remember your own dad! The male giant water bug doesn't seem to mind a heavy load on his back for his kids. The female puts about 100 to 150 eggs on the back of the male, and then she leaves. Once the female is gone, the male has to look after the eggs. It usually takes one to two weeks for the eggs to hatch. The father giant water bug jumps around to make sure the growing eggs get enough air and water. All this time he can't fly because of the weight of the eggs growing rapidly on his back. Now let's turn to the male stickleback fish. When the mother leaves after laying her eggs, the father tends his young. If the young fish go too far away, their father helps with their safe return by carrying them back in his mouth. The male stickleback looks after all his young -- as many as 100 -- until they can live on their own. A similar example can be found in emperor penguins living in cold areas. The male emperor penguin goes without food while looking after his egg until it hatches. For about 62 to 67 days, the egg stays on top of the father's feet, in very cold temperatures that drop down to -39deg C. As a result, the father may lose nearly 50 percent of his body weight while waiting for his baby penguin to be born! \n Answer: The eggs grow on the father's back.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the giant water bug?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3c8bb44248114d77bd178cb9a76b970b",
            "input": "Article: Car needs gas to run as your body needs food to work for you. Eating the right kinds of food is very important. A good eating habit can help your body grow strong if you take care of what you eat. There are four main food groups altogether. The _ group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups. With all of these foods together, you will be given enough energy during the day. It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may be easier to eat fish and chips for your supper all the time. But you will find yourself tired and you will not be able to think quickly. Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having good eating habits with some exercise is the key to your health. \n Answer: Milk, bread, cabbages and beef.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following diets do you think is the best one?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-93849fd72a1540f8adcc2aba14473f8a",
            "input": "Article: Who cares if money can't buy you love? But it can still be your best friend forever. That's one of the surprising findings in a new research paper, \"The Power of Money\", published in me journal Psychological Science. Like any best friend forever, money demonstrated to researchers its ability to _ us, reduce our sense of social exclusion and even reduce life's painful moments. \"I was surprised\" says Katherine Vohs, one of the researchers and professor at the University of Minnesota's Carlson School of Management. \"The findings were surprising because no one had connected the meaning of money to pain. The money wasn't buying the subjects more friends; it was only psychologically helpful.\" In the research ,students were told they would be participating in a test of finger dexterity . One group was given some paper money to count, while the other group was given blank pieces of paper. Once the counting was complete, all the test subjects were asked to dip their fingers into bowls of water heated to 122 degrees--roughly the temperature of a very hot bath. Result? Those who had been counting money reported less pain than those who had not. Subjects also were asked about their feelings. Those who handled actual money reported feeling stronger even 10 minutes after they put down the cash. Combined with previous experiments, the findings confirmed what researchers have long doubted, that money acts as a general panacea  in the brain, giving us social self-confidence and reducing physical pain without having to spend a dime on aspirin. But can we get the same effect by using credit cards? \"No, credit cards do not have the same effect, \" Vohs says. \"They are scary for most people, and they in fact represent debt m many ways.\" The findings could have an interesting effect in the business world, where recent trends have been to issue non-monetary rewards and bonuses instead of what was thought of as \"cold, hard cash\". \n Answer: He found it totally unexpected.",
            "output": [
                "What's Katherine Vohs's attitude towards the result of the study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7512467450604023a8e94a76a5e5791f",
            "input": "Article: A boy was born to a couple after eleven years of marriage. They were a loving couple and the boy was the apple of their eyes. When the boy was around two years old, one morning the husband saw a medicine bottle open. He was late for work so he asked the wife to cap the bottle and keep it in the cupboard. The mother, preoccupied in the kitchen, totally forgot the matter. The boy saw the bottle and playfully went to the bottle and, fascinated with its color1, drank it all. It happened to be a poisonous medicine meant for adults in small dosages. When the child collapsed, the mother hurried him to the hospital, where he died. The mother was stunned. She was terrified how to face her husband. When the distraught father came to the hospital and saw the dead child, he looked at his wife and uttered just four words. \"I Love You Darling\" The husband's totally unexpected reaction is proactive behavior. The child is dead. He can never be brought back to life. There is no point in finding fault with the mother. Besides, if only he have taken time to keep the bottle away, this will not have happened. No point in attaching blame. She had also lost her only child. What she needed at that moment was consolation and sympathy from the husband. That is what he gave her. Sometimes we spend time asking who to blame, whether in a relationship, in a job or with the people we know. We miss out some warmth in human relationship in giving each other support. After all, shouldn't forgiving someone we love be the easiest thing in the world to do? Treasure what you have. Don't multiply pain, and suffering by holding on to forgiveness.      If everyone can look at life with this kind of perspective, there would be much fewer problems in the world. \n Answer: He drank some medicine by mistake.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the two-year-old boy dead?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1911714e61c1478a861ea7075f5ff8a8",
            "input": "Article: Travelling abroad for leisure is becoming more and more popular for Chinese. The UK is high up in the list of places that the Chinese want to visit. There is a sense of mystery about the UK; it's often the images of England's green parks, countryside and Victorian houses that people point to as an alternative to polluted, overcrowded cities such as Beijing and Guangzhou. The capital is viewed as modern and dynamic, while being filled deep with history. When asked what other images are thought of by the UK, the reply is often \"the Queen, tea and Oxbridge\". So what's stopping them actually coming? Sebastian Wood ,the British ambassador in Beijing, has described the UK as a _ , and while this is perhaps an exaggeration ,Britain does have a reputation as a country that is harder to access. The main problem for Chinese tourists is obvious. Although visa applications are now completed online, visitors are still required to visit one of 12 UK centers across the country for a face-to-face interview and fingerprinting. If you don't live near one of these enters already, you'd have to travel some distance to get there. Another problem is also to be mentioned. If travelers from China visit the UK, they also want to cover as much ground as possible. But the UK is not included in the Schengen visa, which allows access to a host of 26 European countries such as France and Germany. So it makes the former seem a less worth it. There is also the issue of cost: PS47 for a Schengen visa, PS82 for the UK. On top of this, the UK is viewed as stricter in its handing of visas compared with the rest of Europe, fed by urban legends of rejected applications. In the end, the decision comes down to one question: Is Britain worth a visit? \n Answer: No one needs to travel a long distance to get a center.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true for the UK visa?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0cdd1a16e419417ab5cc451e12181c3d",
            "input": "Article: If you know exactly what you want, the best way to get a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training. That's especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor's degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience. But in the long run, too much specialization doesn't pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but . As further evidence of companies gradually losing faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State's Scheetz mentions a pattern in hiring practices. Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management.  \"They want someone who isn't constrained by details to look at the big picture,\" says  Scheetz. This sounds like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts  graduates. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems. David Birch, manager of the Boston Red Sox, claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree, \"I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,\" says Birch. For a liberal-arts degree, students focus on some basic courses that include literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior--plus a computer course or two. With these useful and important courses, you can feel free to specialize, \"A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,\" says Scheetz. \n Answer: People with special training in engineering",
            "output": [
                "What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c23d30f6db78449fa1fda25fef55c8e3",
            "input": "Article: Alexis, 17, sat quietly in the passenger seat of her dad's car.She let her eyes lazily scan the landscape for wildlife.Then a deer came into view about 200 yards in front of them.\"Dad, there's a deer there!\" Alexis said.It was a male deer with sharp antlers   on each side of its head. As the car moved closer, Alexis saw that the deer's head was bent toward the ground.Then she heard a scream and saw an arm fly up near the deer's head.Alexis realized the deer was attacking a woman.Sue, a 44-year-old mother, had been out for her morning run.The deer followed her and edged closer.\"I knew I was in trouble,\" Sue says.She went to pick up a stick for self-defense, and the deer charged.It lifted her with its antlers and threw her into the air.Sue could feel blood flew down her leg.Within seconds, the deer had pushed her off the road. When Alexis and her father pulled up, the deer was throwing Sue like a doll.Alexis looked into the woman's terrified eyes, and before her father had even stopped the car, the teenager jumped quickly out of the car and ran toward the deer.\"I was kicking it to get its attention,\" she says.Then her father, who had followed his daughter, pushed the deer away from the women. Alexis helped Sue into the car, and then applied a piece of cloth to Sue's injured leg.\"We're going to get you to a hospital,\" Alexis said.Then she heard her father shout loudly.He had been knocked to the ground.Alexis took hold of a hammer from the car and ran to where her father lay on his back.She beat the deer's head and neck, but the blows didn't scare it away.\"I was losing faith,\" she says.\"A couple more strikes, Alexis,\" said her father.\"You can do it.\" Turning the hammer around, Alexis closed her eyes and beat the deer's neck with all her strength.When she opened her eyes, the deer was running away.Alexis got in the driver's seat and sped toward the nearest hospital. After Sue was treated, she tearfully thanked her rescuers.\"You expect a teenage girl to get on the phone and call for help,\" she says, \"not to beat up a deer.\" \n Answer: She was feeding wild animals.",
            "output": [
                "What was Sue doing when she was attacked by the deer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ebc96992ea4446bc842514f074eb0a5a",
            "input": "Article: As a newspaper reporter, Inez' s father traveled around the world. He wrote stories about the interesting people he met. On her fifteenth birthday, Inez could hardly believe it when her father announced that she was old enough to go with him on one of his trips! He said his next story would be about salt mining in Europe. Inez had never thought much about salt,she didn' t know what to expect,but she knew she would love being with her father. Months later, when Inez and her father arrived at the salt mine ,they found themselves walking into the middle of a busy workday. Mrs. Walker, the owner, said she would not be available to talk until the workday was over. She suggested that Inez and her father should help out so Inez ' s father would have first-hand experience for his story. Before Inez realized what was happening, she was in the factory. This was not what she had imagined her trip would be like. People rushed past her carrying hammers, nails, and wood to make boxes for the salt. Everyone seemed to be in such a hurry. As another newly constructed box was pushed at her, Inez spread a label with glue and stuck it on the side of the box. When she had agreed to go with her father on his newspaper assignment, she had pictured an adventure, not hard labor. Inez looked at the salt covering her father' s once-blue pants and sighed. She could taste the salt in her mouth and smell it in the air. Inez had been using salt all her life, but she had never imagined that it existed in such quantities or that it was so hard to package. Inez' s father rubbed his hands together and grinned at her. ''I know this probably isn't what you had in mind,\" he said, \"but sometimes the best days are the ones that don' t go as planned. Best? she wondered. She had learned two lessons today. One was to value every grain of salt to fall from a shaker. The other was to hear the details before agreeing to go on a job with her father! \n Answer: He needs to collect information for stories.",
            "output": [
                "Why does Inez's father travel around the world?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-55c8daca8dff45ceb777feb9f9cec14a",
            "input": "Article: In recent years,American students have fallen behind in many subjects like math,science and reading. In 2005,the U.S. was number nine among the developed countries in the number of students graduating from high school. American education officials are searching for new ways to help students learn again. One tool that is getting some attention is the use of video games. Sixteenyearold John Diaz says he loves playing video games but doesn't like traditional schoolwork. During his summer vacation,Diaz is continuing his studies at home. That is because his courses are available on his home computer. Florida Virtual School's head master,Julie Young,says the school teaches students with the technology they most enjoy using in and out of school.\"We have so many students who feel free in our school,\" Young said, \"They lose interest when they go to school. And we're very hopeful that Conspiracy Code will attract the learners to really get into the detail of learning.\" Conspiracy Code is a video game that teaches U.S. history. Students guide two heroes in a quest to stop a conspiracy  to change the past. Along the way,students learn about events such as the Civil War,and report back to their teacher who is a spy . John Diaz says he enjoys American history now.\"I like to do the game every day,\" he said. \n Answer: By watching videos.",
            "output": [
                "How does John Diaz continue to study in summer vacation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-93f65bcbed6a4e319ac3d925ab930f69",
            "input": "Article: She had been shopping with her Mom in Wal-Mart. She must have been 6 years old, this beautiful brown haired, freckle-faced  image of innocence. It was pouring outside. We all stood there under the awning  and just inside the door of the Wal-Mart. We all waited, some patiently, others irritated, because nature messed up their hurried day. I am always memorized by rainfall. I get lost in the sound and sight of the heavens washing away the dirt and dust of the world. Memories of running, splashing so carefree as a child come pouring in as a welcome reprieve  from the worries of my day. Her voice was so sweet as it broke the trance  we were all caught in, \"Mom, let's run through the rain.\" she said. \"What?\" Mom asked. \"Let's run through the rain!\" She repeated. \"No, honey. We'll wait until it slows down a bit.\" Mom replied. This young child waited about another minute and repeated: \"Mom, let's run through the rain.\" \"We'll get soaked if we do.\" Mom said. \"No, we won't, Mom. That's not what you said this morning,\" the young girl said as she pulled her Mom's arm.\" \"This morning? When did I say we could run through the rain and not get wet?\" \"Don't you remember? When you were talking to Daddy about his cancer, you said, if God can get us through this, he can get us through anything!\"  _ No one came or left in the next few minutes. Mom paused and thought for a moment about what she would say. Now some would laugh it off and scold her for being silly. Some might even ignore what was said. But this was a moment of affirmation  in a young child's lifetime when innocent trust can be nurtured so that it will bloom into faith. \"Honey, you are absolutely right. Let's run through the rain. If get wet, well maybe we just need washing.\" Mom said. Then off they ran. We all stood watching, smiling and laughing as they ran past the cars . They held their shopping bags over their heads just in case. They got soaked but they were followed by a few who screamed and laughed like children all the way to their cars. And yes, I did. I ran. I got wet. I needed washing. Circumstances or people can take away your material possessions, they can take away your money, and they can take away your health. But no one can ever take away your precious memories. So, don't forget to make time and take the opportunities to make memories every day! \n Answer: Curious",
            "output": [
                "What attitude of the Mom towards her daughter's suggestion at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af615815db074453ab7bcc584a853775",
            "input": "Article: High-quality customer service is attached great importance to by many, but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done.                Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store  , but instead will alert their friends,  s, co-workers and even strangers. Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers frequently go to their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School.               \"Storytelling hurts retailers and affects customers,\" said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde Group. \"The store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.\" On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four others, and will no longer visit the specific store. For every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative review. The resulting \"snowball effect\" can be disastrous to retailers.                According to the research, shoppers who bought clothing met with the most problems. Ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers. The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered   shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.                During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved parking problems by getting moonlighting   local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance completely got rid of the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided the situation in which several customers eyed the same parking space at the same time.                Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.                Most importantly, salespeople should be good at dealing with different people and especially should be polite with angry customers.                \"Retailers who're helpful and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren't so friendly,\" said Professor Stephen Hoch. \"Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.\"               Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by bringing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. It's impossible for retailers to improve when they have no idea what is wrong. \n Answer: Customers would rather complain to people around them.",
            "output": [
                "Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69f5aecb259f4f91a9570bb8d1f38286",
            "input": "Article: Many people watched the lift-off of the space shuttle Columbia on March 21, 1982. But none watched more closely than eighteen-year-old Ted, as Ted's insects were on board the shuttle. The Shuttle Student Involvement Program invited students to make a science experiment. The experiment would be done by astronauts on the space shuttle. Ted had always been interested in space and flight. Insect flight especially interested him. Ted noticed that insects need gravity to take off and land. They need gravity to fly in a straight line. But in space, there is no gravity. Could insects fly in zero gravity? That is what Ted wanted to find out. Ted made an experiment called \"Insect in Flight Motion Study\". He entered his experiment and soon news came that _ . A large team of scientists and engineers helped Ted get his experiment ready to fly. There were many questions to be answered first. What kind of insects would Ted use in his experiment? The insects would have to be strong enough to live on the shuttle for nine days without much food. What kind of container would hold the insects? Would the insects die during the shuttle flight? After months of hard work, the \"insectronauts\" were chosen. A group of moths, flies, and honeybees were put into a special box and put onto the space shuttle. When Columbia flew into space, it was carrying insect passengers. On March 24, astronauts Gordon Fullerton and Jack Lousma took out the box that held the insects. They began filming the insects with a special video camera. When the space shuttle landed Ted was able to watch the video film of insects. Just as he thought, most of the insects did have trouble flying in zero gravity. The flies did well. But the moths' flight seemed \"uncontrolled\". They would often just hang in the air. The bees had the most trouble. They couldn't fly at all! The film showed bees spinning around in all directions. Others were just floating about in the box. Ted learned the answer to his question about insects' flight in zero gravity. But he also learned a lot more. He learned about the hard work needed in making a successful experiment. \n Answer: Whether the insects could fly in space.",
            "output": [
                "What did Ted want to find out?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-82f476c31ffa4270b2ee544e33d173d4",
            "input": "Article: April sales figures show a disappointing month for Wal-Mart. The world's largest retailer reported a big drop in sales last month--its worst decline in nearly 30 years. As VOA's Mil Arcega reports, Wal-Mart is not alone. A three and a half percent drop in sales does not seem like much. But for a company that sells more than $300 billion worth of goods every year, analysts say it is significant.  Alan Murray, the managing editor of the Wall Street Journal, says the drop represents Wal-Mart's biggest decline since 1979. \"There are a number of things going on. Part of it is early Easter, so some of those sales got moved into March. Part of it is bad weather.\" But it may also signal a trend.  Across the board, retailers from Target to JC Penny and the Gap, reported weaker sales in April.  Analysts say the decline suggests high gasoline prices and the slowing prefix = st1 /U.S.housing market are finally catching up with consumers.Murraysays there may be other factors at play. \"Wal-Mart is not doing what it used to do very well. It made an attempt last year to sell clothes to high scale retailers. That didn't work. It had to back off.  It's remodeling  its stores.  That's not working very well,\" says Murray. To bring customers back, some say Wal-Mart needs to go back to its marketing basics. Retail analyst Dana Telsey says that means low priced goods in a friendly retail environment. \"I think Wal-Mart is working to enhance its image. It could always be better. Going back to its roots is a way, that hopefully, customers will become familiar with it again.\" Wal-Mart is one of the biggest economic indicators in the retail industry. As the world's largest profit making enterprise, Wal-Mart's yearly revenues  represents about 2.5 percent of total economic activity in the U.S. \n Answer: The Wal - Mart's biggest drop in sales.",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-354ab07c76124b10b244e6a479f97e47",
            "input": "Article: \"Soon,you're going to have to move out!\"cried my neighbor upon seeing the largest tomato plant known to mankind,or at least known in my neighborhood.     One tiny 9-inch plant,bought for $ 1.25 in the spring.has already taken over much of my rose bed,covering much of other plants,and is well on its way to the front door.     Roses require a good deal of care,and if it weren't for the pleasure they give. it wouldn't be worth the work.As it is.I have a garden full of sweet-smelling roses for most of the year.Bushes must be pruned in early spring,leaving ugly woody branches until the new growth appears a few weeks later.It was the space available in the garden that led me into planting just one little tomato plant.A big mistake.     Soil conditions made just perfect for roses turn out be even more perfect for tomatoes.The daily watering coupled with full sun and regular fertilizing have turned the little plant into a tall bush.The cage I placed around it as the plant grew has long since disappeared under the thick leaves.     Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold.First.I have to find the red ones among the leaves,which means I almost have to stand on my head.and once found I have to reach down and under,pick the tomatoes and withdraw my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won.I found two full-blown white roses completely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June. But they were weak and the leaves already yellow for lack of light.   Here I am faced with a painful small decision:To tear up a wonderful and productive tomato plant that offers up between ten and twenty ripe sweet tomatoes each day or say goodbye to several expensive and treasured roses.Like Scarlett in Gone With the Wind.I'll think about that tomorrow. \n Answer: A lot of care and the right soil.",
            "output": [
                "What are the requirements for the healthy growth of rose?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9a53d82dfa674753a41d155a11694500",
            "input": "Article: Parents are anxious about their children's education and should be more detached  to allow them to develop naturally,a leading headteacher,Peter Tait,says. Writing in Attain,the magazine of the Independent Association of Prep Schools,Mr Tait said:\"While parents are determined to do the very best for their child,they can end up doing the opposite.\"He said parents need to exercise\"common sense and parental nature\"when it comes to raising their children. He added:\"Parents also need to have confidence in those whose job it is to look after their children's education.To do this requires a certain detachment,a willingness to trust the passage of time,focusing on whether their children are happy,challenged and purposeful and are learning the right values.If so,they will be fine.\" However,he said,some parents are changing from\"sensible\"and\"moderate \"people,who have faith in their schools and teachers,and are\"turning into fighters ready to battle with anything and anyone on behalf of'their'child.\"What has made some parents put their own child at the centre of the universe and never to care about the rest?\" And he also blamed the obsession over league tables for some parents'anxiety.He said:\"League tables have caused too much anxiety for parents and have led to a boom in the number of tutoring agencies as parents feel they have no choice but to give their children a chance.\" Mr Tait acknowledged that being a parent has become increasingly difficult.He concluded:\"While teachers may occasionally feel discouraged by over-sensitive and demanding parents,they should note that this parenting lark is rather more difficult than it used to be.\" \n Answer: Their effort doesn't pay off.",
            "output": [
                "Why does Mr Tait say parents should be more detached?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e3281be38e254b54ab42744937c4a350",
            "input": "Article: It is often assumed that people with parents who lived to be very old are more likely to live to a grand old age themselves.    \"But that's just not true - our study shows that hereditary factors don't play a major role and that lifestyle has the biggest impact.\" says professor Lars Wilhelmsen, referring to the 1913 Men Study that formed the basis of the current research.      Those who did not smoke, consumed mild amounts of coffee and had a good socio-economic status at the age of 50 (measured in terms of housing costs), as well as good  physical working ability at the age of 54 and low cholesterol   at 50 had the greatest chance of celebrating their 90th birthday.   \"We're breaking new ground here.\" says Wilhelmsen. \"Many of these factors have previously been identified as playing a role in cardiovascular( )disease, but here we are showing for the first time that they are important for survival in general,\"       He believes that it is significant that the research illustrates so clearly that it is the sum of our own habits that has the biggest impact.    \"The study clearly shows that we can influence several of the factors that decide how old we get,\" says Wilhelmsen. \"This is positive not only for the individual, but also for society as it doesn't need any major drug costs,\"      The study has been published in the Journal of Internal Medicine.      The 1913 Men study started up in 1963. A third of all male 50-year-olds in Gothenburg were called for a check-up that focused on cardiovascular health. Every ten years since, a new group of 50-year-olds has been called in and those who were already taking part in the study have been given another check-up. This has enabled researchers to follow the development of illnesses in a specific age group, and to compare the health of 50-year-olds in 2003 with that of 50-year-olds in 1963, for example. Women have also been included in the study since 2003. Data have been studied over the years. including BMI  , smoking habits, cholesterol, exercise habits and blood pressure,      The men born in l913 were examined when they were 50, 54,60, 67, 75 and 80. Of the 855 men who took part in the study from the start,  lll  (13%) were still alive at the age of 90.             Over the years the material has brought out many research articles. An interesting result came in 2008 when researchers were able to show that the drop in the number of smokers, combined with lower cholesterol levels and lower blood pressure, between 1963 and 2003 could offer an explanation for the marked downturn in the number of heart attacks during this 40-year period. \n Answer: How long we can live depends on how long our parents lived.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true'?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb3ac2f93d5044c2bbcd78051a65a50e",
            "input": "Article: On a sunny day last August, Tim heard some shouting. Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea. Two 12-year-old boys, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search for a football. Once they'd rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control. Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves. \"Everything went quiet in my head,\" Tim recalls  . \"I was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.\" Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water. Every 500 yards or so, he raised his head to judge his progress. \"At one point, I considered turning back,\" he says. \"I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.\" After 30 minutes of struggling, he was close enough to yell to the boys, \"Take down the umbrella!\"               Christian made much effort to take down the umbrella. Then Tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat. He took over rowing, but the waves were almost too strong for him. \"Let's aim for the pier  ,\" Jack said. Tim turned the boat toward it. Soon afterward, waves crashed over the boat, and it began to sink. \"Can you guys swim?\" he cried. \"A little bit,\" the boys said.               Once they were in the water, Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier. Christian and Jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs. Tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys' faces. \"Are we almost there?\" they asked again and again. \"Yes,\" Tim told them each time.               After 30minutes, they reached the pier. \n Answer: To test the umbrella as a sail.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the two boys go to the sea?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eded788d88224012a01875946943caaf",
            "input": "Article: The State Council declared Wednesday it would restart China's nuclear power program, ending the hiatus in nuclear construction since Japan's Fukushima nuclear disaster last year. China has been the most courageous country in building nuclear power, with the largest number of plants currently under construction. Nuclear power is facing a tough time in developed countries. The Japanese public is demanding the closure of all the country's nuclear power plants. China is at the forefront of nuclear power development. But it has been forced into this position. Rapid economic development coupled with improvements in people's life both demand more electricity. It is impossible to exploit fossil resources forever as the supply of coal, oil and natural gas is limited. China has no choice but to develop nuclear power. China must be the safest user of nuclear power. It should become a leading country in developing nuclear power technologies and increasing the world's knowledge of nuclear power. It needs to do at least two things. First, it needs to promote safety in nuclear power plants, based on the technologies of the West. The former Soviet Union, the US and Japan all had severe nuclear accidents, proving there are risks. China should try to remove these risks. Second, China should establish effective communication mechanisms between the government, power plants and the public. It's wrong to think the government can control every aspect of nuclear power plant construction. The opposition to nuclear power program in developed countries has prevented them from building new plants, but they already have many. These governments are reluctant to close these plants despite strong opposition, because they cannot find better substitutes. Nuclear power only occupies 1.8 percent of China's current electricity grid , much lower than the proportion in many developed countries. China's nuclear power plan should introduce the advantages of the technologies of other countries and also be creative in providing security. Its space technology is not the most advanced, but its launch safety measures have proven to be among the best. China's high-profile high-speed railway development has drawn a lot of controversy, as will the active attitude towards developing nuclear power. But China cannot just copy what the developed countries have done. The development of nuclear power must be unique to China and it must be a ground-breaking success. But now, the real test lies ahead. \n Answer: Opposed.",
            "output": [
                "What attitude do people in developed countries have towards nuclear power program?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1b394142590044759c9af069973bf92b",
            "input": "Article: Growing up in the 1950s, I was a 10-year-old risk-taker who caused his mom lots of stress. Once I got into my aunt's car so I could pretend to be a race car driver and accidentally knocked the parking gear stick   off. The car rolled down the driveway as fast as it could go, crossed the road and finally stopped up against my neighbor's curb  . I thought it was fun, but Mom didn't think so. Normally I would see a spanking   coming, but this time I lucked out. I guess she was glad I was all right. I enjoyed watching The Adventures of Superman on television so much that I wanted to fly just like him. One day I got into the closet and picked one of Mom's best pillowcases  . I went out onto the front yard and tied the case around my neck, pretending it was a cape. Then, standing on the side of the porch  , which was about 7 feet high, I jumped. The spanking my mother gave me didn't hurt as much as my scraped knees. But the worst thing I ever did happened when I tried to impress the new girl across the street. She was incredibly cute, so I went over and introduced myself. After I told her my name, she said she wanted to show me something she had found. We went into her backyard, and in the knot of the biggest and oldest tree was a beehive. She said she liked honey and asked me how to get it out. \"We could stand watch, and when they leave the hive, we can reach in and take the honey,\" I suggested. A large group of the bees flew away, so I moved closer to the hive. I was brave and maybe just a little crazy. I managed to take a little bit of honey when a bee rested on my arm. I killed the bee, and then it seemed like thousands of bees flew toward me. My new friend screamed and ran. I ran as fast as I could across her yard and up the long hill to my front door. I never looked back. The sound of the bees behind me told me the coast wasn't clear. When the group of bees attacked, I screamed for my mom. As I reached my front door I saw her swinging a broom around me to get the bees off me. I didn't care that she landed a few hard hits on my head, I just wanted them off. Finally I made it inside, sore from the stings   and red from the broom, but I was alive thanks to my mom. My superhero. All she needed was a cape. I knew where to get her one of those. \n Answer: The author's naughty behavior as a child.",
            "output": [
                "What is the article mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-efe43a7393554eb6b1a1a0189146b6fd",
            "input": "Article: STOCKHOLM - Mo Yan, the 2012 Nobel Prize winner for literature, said on Friday that diversity in global cultures makes human beings' cultural life interesting. Mo told a reception in the Chinese Embassy in Stockholm that it was a responsibility to protect the diversity in cultures while creating the diversity as well. He said that translation played a very important role in bridging different cultures, adding that without the translators who had translated his books he couldn't have won the Nobel Prize. \"I think translation is much harder than writing itself,\" said Mo Yan, explaining that it only took 43 days to write the work Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out, while it took Swedish sinologist Anna Gustafsson Chen six years to translate the work. Earlier in the day he visited a Swedish middle school, where about 20 Swedish students who were studying Chinese welcomed him by singing the theme song in the movie \"Red Sorghum\" which was based on his novel of the same name. \"Unlike the rough and husky voice in the movie, the Swedish students presented the song with a gentle and soft voice, making it rather a romantic song,\" Mo told the gathering at the Chinese Embassy. He said he hoped that there were going to be some outstanding translators among the students, adding that meeting them made him \"extraordinarily happy.\" He said language was going to be \"the most reliable way\" for interaction between peoples because one had to know the language of a nation to understand the people's inner world and spiritual life. Lan Lijun, Chinese Ambassador to Sweden, said that Chinese literature had stepped into the spotlight worldwide after Mo Yan had won the Nobel Prize, which would help contribute to the literature communication and dialogue between China and the rest of the world. People in Sweden and other parts of the world were all welcome to know more about Chinese culture, he added. There were about 130 people attending the reception, including Per Westerberg, speaker of the Swedish Parliament. \n Answer: translation",
            "output": [
                "What, in Mo Yan's opinion, contributes most to his winning the 2012 Nobel Prize for literature?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6142544e0472478e969f8a70821a0542",
            "input": "Article: Everyone has those nights-you lie in your bed for hours, tossing and turning, totally unable to fall asleep. You wish you could just turn your brain off as if it were a light. That would make things much easier, wouldn't it? Now it looks like you are one step closer to this wild dream of yours-scientists from Oxford University, UK have just discovered the \"switch\" that tells the brain to go to sleep, reported Forbes. To understand the study, you first need to know that there are two mechanisms  that regulate sleep. There's one that we're already familiar with --our body clock, which works in a 24-hour cycle based on the light changes throughout the day. The other one is what scientists call the sleep \"homeostat \". This mechanism has nothing to do with daylight. Instead, it keeps track of the brain's waking hours and urges it to rest if it has been awake for a long time. \"It is similar to the thermostat  in your home. A thermostat measures temperature and switches on the heating if it's too cold,\" Professor Gero Miesenbock, who led the study, told The Telegraph. Our bodies use both of the mechanisms to regulate sleep. \"The body clock says it's the right time, and the sleep thermostat has built up pressure during a long waking day,\" explained Miesenbock. There is no way that scientists can trick the body clock. But with the sleep homeostat, there might be something they can do. The researchers found that the sleep homeostat works by activating a specific group of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain. They tested their theory on fruit flies by removing the neurons from the insects' brains. And as expected, they found that the flies without the homeostat neurons did not keep a regular sleep pattern anymore. Now that scientists have pinpointed the exact place in the brain-- or, the \"switch\"--that regulates sleep, they can begin investigating how to activate these cells at any given time so that people can be sent to sleep instantly. More importantly, figuring out how sleep mechanisms work may also help us to one day one of the oldest mysteries of all: why do we need to sleep in the first place? \n Answer: The discovery of the sleep \"homeostat\"",
            "output": [
                "What is the article mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-059d99ccd9484006b4763a4f8d1bd399",
            "input": "Article: Climbing Mount Everest, the world's highest mountain, just became more challenging. The government of Nepal is telling climbers they cannot leave rubbish on the trails  . Each climber will have to come down the mountain with at least 18 pounds of garbage. That's the average amount of rubbish a climber leaves behind on Everest. Officials say climbers are responsible for their own rubbish. \"We are not asking climbers to pick up rubbish left by someone else,\" said Maddhu Sudan Burlakoti, who works for the Nepal Tourism Ministry. \"We just want them to bring back what they took up.\" More than 4,000 people have reached the 29,035-foot mountain top in the past 60 years. Leaving rubbish along the way helps climbers keep their bags light so they have energy to reach the top. \"The rubbish problem in Mount Everest is not new,\" Burlakoti says. \"When the people started to climb the mountain, they started to leave their garbage there.\" They have left behind cans, tents, food wrappers, and equipment. Last year, climbers carried down a total of four tons of rubbish. The new rule came into effect in April of 2014. To make sure it is followed, climbers will have to deposit money before the climb. Once they climb back down the mountain, officials will check climbers at a return camp to make sure they have the required 18 pounds of rubbish. If they do, their money will be returned to them. If they do not, climbers will not receive their deposit and they will not be given a permit the next time they want to climb Everest. The goal is to make sure no more litter will be left on Everest, which has earned the nickname   the World's Highest Dustbin. \"As we offer Mount Everest to all the people of the world they should take responsibility to clean it,\" Burlakoti says, \"After seeing the results from this, we will extend this rule to other mountains also.\" \n Answer: Mountains of garbage are left behind by climbers.",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly discussed in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d5255d33d6c14a9fa1b8981b2b9442c9",
            "input": "Article: Since the end of World War I (WWI) in 1918,Canadians, and millions of others around the world have paused at the 11thhour of the 11thday of the 11thmonth to honour the sacrifices our soldiers have made in different wars, fighting for the freedoms that we all enjoy today. Known as Remembrance Day, the day originated as a tribute to the soldiers of WWI, a dark period for our young country, which claimed the lives of over 60,000 military personnel and civilians and over 16 million dead worldwide. As there are no more surviving soldiers of WWI,today we rely on the wisdom and words of those soldiers who fought in the wars that followed,and this day now also recognizes their heroic contribution. They tell us to always remember what those brave souls fought for, and all they ask in return is that we never forget. That's why we wear the red poppy  ;that's why when we see a soldier in uniform we should stop him or her and say \"Thank you\" ; that's why we take a pause from our busy lives for two short minutes today to honor that request. Yet this message is fading away, year after year. Take for example the terrible decision to allow parents to excuse students from Remembrance Day ceremonies at school. Not only is this disrespectful, it distances the student from his or her classmates. It is difficult to understand why any Canadian parent would want to remove their child from the time-honored tradition of reading the poem In Flanders Fields, while a wreath of poppies is laid. It is more important than ever to teach school-aged children about our history,no matter how violent it was. Sheltering them from the realities of war is a great disservice. Understanding why conflicts happened, or happen today, can help shape choices and decisions they make as adults. Of course, because we live in a free society, we cannot force an individual to do something. _ is unfortunate, but some parents now have their child \"opt-out\" of the services. These people should be reminded they are free to make such choices only because of the men and women the rest of us are remembering. \n Answer: It's to celebrate the country's independence.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about Remembrance Day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-92098b36b8b0470b847d0bffa68602f0",
            "input": "Article: French lessons in France Whatever your level is, choosing to take French lessons in France is the best way to learn French. Place yourself in the local culture and practice your newly found skills in your free time. You will be taught by native  French speakers who have a love for teaching and use excellent teaching techniques. Lessons are interesting and you will speak French on the first day both inside and outside the classroom. Learners * Suitable for all levels from beginners to advanced  * Over 18 years old Class Schedule  * Classes start on Mondays and run throughout the summer. * Please arrive at the school by 8:15 am on your first day for a short level test. It will help to place you in the right class. * Classes run from Monday to Friday each week. * Classes start at 8:45 am each day depending on your level. * You will have 3 classes per day lasting 55 minutes each. * You will have a short break between classes. Free Time and Tours * The school offers a lot of cultural activities throughout the week. These activities can include cooking lessons, wine and cheese tasting, visits to Paris, cycling, movies and much more. * You will have plenty of free time toexplore  the local area and practice your newly found language skills or just relax on this learning holiday with a difference. Other Information * You should bring a small dictionary, pens and paper with you. Get more from your holiday, have fun, meet new people and take home a new language skill that will stay with you forever. \n Answer: They will offer a wine tasting license.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about the French courses?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-66c6d132b2324a2295fc8d5a235b733d",
            "input": "Article: In an age dominated   by new media and the Internet, there are so many alternative ways of learning.Gone are the days when, if we couldn't make it into a classroom, the only real option was to pick up a book, or when audio materials consisted of bad quality cassettes or sporadic  radio and TV programmes.With the appearance of broadband access to the web, we have a whole new learning domain   at our fingertips.Sophisticated learning materials in the form of text or high-quality audio are now available at the touch of a button, and tests and assignments can be submitted   and marked online.Questions and learning, studying away from the classroom has never seemed easier.Yet many teachers would argue that face-to-face contact between teachers and students is an essential part of the language learning experience.Enter the concept of blended   learning, an approach to education which seeks to combine the best of new technology and actual human contact. Advocates of blended learning argue that an approach to study which combines the benefits of new technology with the best aspects of face-to-face (often abbreviated to F2F) teaching, will achieve better results.For example, there are some aspects of study, like practical sessions, dealing with more subjective questions, or meeting the needs of an individual student, which require face-to-face human interaction, whereas the more mechanical aspects of learning, such as answers to clear-cut questions, can be managed simply and effectively in a remote environment using new technology. Blended learning approaches have proven especially appropriate in language learning.For example, in an ELT (English Language Teaching ) environment, a simple scenario   might be a classroom session where a teacher asks a group of students to use a wiki to create a text. Students then go away and compose and edit the text remotely.During the next F2F session, the teacher express his opinion about their work. \n Answer: Blended learning is an effective learning approach.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c3e726d0ff21460ca287659d27d3ad62",
            "input": "Article: The Wall Street Journal Asia Edition(prefix = st1 /U. S.), the Globe and Mail(Canada), the Guardian(U. K. ),among other foreign news agencies,have recently published articles on China's earthquake relief. They have all praised the earthquake relief efforts made by the Chinese government.  The Wall Street Journal Asia Edition published an article on May 21 saying that on the eighth day of the most serious natural disaster to hit China in decades, rescuing survivors from the ruins had been quickly replaced by the  _ challenge of helping them. The article said that people overseas have been deeply impressed by earthquake relief efforts by the Chinese government. The Associated French Press(AFP) reported on May 21 that Chinahas become more open during the campaign. Aircraft loaded with relief supplies from Ukraine,Russia,the United States, Singapore and other countries have arrived in disaster areas in southwestern China.  The Associated Press(AP) published an article on May 21 reporting that Chinais making great efforts to deal with an extremely difficult task caused by the earthquake how to provide temporary shelter far so many people. The article said that many tents have been built;and food and medical care are provided to the people whose lives have been completely disturbed by the earthquake.  The Global and Mail of Canada published an article on May 20 that said the rapid earthquake relief work in Sichuan demonstrates China's powerful economic strength. An article carried in the British Guardian said that one week after the Sichuan earthquake,China began a three-day national mourning period at 14:28 on may 19, and all Chinese people stood in silence for three minutes in memory of the victims.  The ongoing search and rescue action is encouraged by one miraculous survivor after another: Chinese officials said that,so far, no epidemic had occurred after the earthquake. \n Answer: 6",
            "output": [
                "How many press media are mentioned in the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f8f3982a940f47f6b33c802d9d85c235",
            "input": "Article: One of my main concerns when I am helping people achieve their goals is how they measure success. I see individuals getting frustrated as they struggle hard for success. One of the main reasons that cause this frustration is that people allow their definition of success to be determined by someone or something else. Another is that they become frustrated at their own apparent lack of success when comparing themselves to other people. We are individuals with individual wants, skills and experiences. We should look at our own skills to determine what is successful to us. We should look inwards to determine what it would mean for us to be successful in our own mind rather than someone else's. Evaluating a successful person needs to look at his pathway to success, his actions ,his determination and translate that into his own experience to see how he can improve himself. You must set your own course of action, and stay on your course. You alone must determine what success means to you. Do what you do to the best of your ability and the rest will take care of itself. For example, I believe that I am successful but I am not a millionaire! Others may not see me as successful in their eyes but that does not matter. It is how I see myself that is important to me and my life. Here is the truth. Being a success is doing your best, not being the best. Success is not something you become; it is something you continue being. When we get to that point, we will experience a lot more joy and a lot less frustration. And that sounds good to us! Remember the great quote from Napoleon Hill, \"If you cannot do great things, do small things in a great way.\" \n Answer: Evaluations of a Successful Person",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-db4c6ea8fd21469ba975c6b06d17f71d",
            "input": "Article: For their nick-of-time acts, Toby, a 2-year-old dog, and Winnie, a cute cat, were named Dog and Cat of the Year by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. As Amy Paul choked  on a piece of apple at her home, her dog jumped up, landing hard on her chest and forcing the piece in her throat out. When the Keesling family of Indiana was about to be killed by carbon monoxide, their cat clawed at the wife Cathy's hair until she woke up and called for help. No one could explain their timely heroics. Both pets were rescued by their owners in _ -----Toby as a 4-week-old thrown into a garbage bin to die, and Winnie as a week-old orphan hiding under a barn, so helpless that Cathy's husband, Eric, had to feed her milk with an eyedropper. As the Keeslings recalled it, a gas-driven pump being used broke down, spreading carbon monoxide through the house. By the time Winnie went to rescue, the couple's 14-year-old son was already unconscious. \"Winnie jumped on the bed and was clawing at me, with a kind of angry sound,\" Cathy Keesling said. The state police responding to her 911 call said the family was only minutes from death, judging by the amount of poisonous gas in the house. Amy Paul's husband was at his job when she took a midday break from making jewelry and bit into an apple. \"Normally I peel them, but I read in Good Housekeeping Magazine that the skin has all the nutrients, so I ate the skin, and that's what caused me to choke,\" she recalled. \"I couldn't breathe and I was in panic when Toby jumped on me. He never does that, but he did, and saved my life.\" Both Toby and Winnie accompanied their owners to the awards luncheon. \n Answer: Dog and Cat Honored for Saving Their Masters",
            "output": [
                "What would be the suitable title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a2aa18c45d448a0bd7de0b9b7900114",
            "input": "Article: After a year of being prepared, Laura Dekker can't wait to set sail .Last August ,the Dutch government decided that Laura Dekker was too young to take on the challenge of sailing around the world alone. But after a year of preparing herself , Laura has been allowed to sail. \"I was so happy I almost jump into the water,\" Laura said , after learning of the court's judgement. She was born on a yacht  in the South Pacific ,and now lives with her father in a boat. When Dutch child protection groups first heard about her plan to sail alone , they stopped her from doing so . Since the decision, though, Laura had been preparing with her father to persuade the courts that she was ready. Last week she received the books and other materials she would need for school while she was at sea. She added safety equipment to a new, big ship. And she took her first aid course to learn several survival skills, like how to put out fires on the boat, take care of her own injuries and deal with lack of sleep. She also planned a safer course --- adding alternate routes  to avoid pirate  attacks, and planning a course that would have her on dry land as she moved from port to port across the world. Laura is using a larger and more safer boat. If she finished successfully in less than two years, she will take the title from current record-holder Jessica Watson, of Australia, who was 16 when she completed the journey. \n Answer: She was too young to sail alone.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the Dutch government allow Laura Dekker to sail alone ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c93849816270479ab20563ea28c5c60f",
            "input": "Article: Unusual incidents are being reported across the Arctic. Inuit families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud. There are also reports of sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us, but in the Arctic it is already having great effect--if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate, the Arctic Ocean could soon become almost ice-free in summer. The knock-on effects are likely to include more warming, cloudier skies and higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly eager to find out what's going on in the Arctic. For the Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in unsteady balance with one of the toughest environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct danger to their way of life. Nobody knows the Arctic as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outsider experts tell them what's happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are trying hard to guard their hard-won autonomy in the country's newest land, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral   knowledge with the best of modern science. This is a challenge in itself. The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert that's covered with snow for most of the year. Adventure into this area and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home. Farming is out of the question and nature offers few pickings. Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by taking advantage of sea first. The environment tested them to the limits: sometimes the settlers were successful; sometimes they failed and disappeared. But around a thousand years ago, one group appeared that was uniquely well adapted to deal with the Arctic environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing dogs, iron tools and the like. They are the ancestors of today's Inuit people. \n Answer: Ice-free summer around the Arctic.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is likely to be the effect of climate change?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-02d15b4c1795419c874526d159360f58",
            "input": "Article: Cliff House Top of the world Near the North Pole Christmas, 1925 My dear boys, I am dreadfully busy this yearit makes my hand more shaky than ever when I think of itand not very rich; in fact awful things have been happening, and some of the presents have got spoilt, and I haven't got the North Polar Bear to help me, and I have had to move house just before Christmas, so you can imagine what a state everything is in, and you will see why I have a new address, and why I can only write one letter between you both. |K] It all happened like this: one very windy day last November my hood blew off and went and stuck on the top of the North Pole. I told him not to, but the North Polar Bear climbed up to the thin top to get it downand he did. The pole broke in the middle and fell on the roof of my house, and the North Polar Bear fell through the hole it made into the dining room with my hood over his nose, and all the snow fell off the roof into the house and melted and put out all the fires and ran down into the cellars where I was collecting this year's presents, and the North Polar Bear's leg got broken. He is well again now, but I was so cross with _ that he says he won't try to help me againI expect his temper is hurt, and will be mended by next Christmas. I send you a picture of the accident and of my new house on the cliffs above the North Pole(with beautiful cellars in the cliffs). That's all. Good Bye! \n Answer: He is extremely busy.",
            "output": [
                "Why can the writer only write one letter to the two boys?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f505b28ffbc4e24a5ccfae864c0bd6e",
            "input": "Article: When you travel in South America, you'd better pay attention to the following three kinds of dangerous South American animals. Piranhas  Although only a small number of piranhas are considered to be dangerous to humans, the red-bellied piranha is definitely one of those. Evidence has shown that a large group of piranhas can absolutely eat a herd of large animals crossing the river, leaving only bones. This fish lives in the freshwater streams of South America, and they can smell the blood from far away and launch attacks swiftly. It is said that they are only dangerous to humans if the water volumes are less and lower. Anacondas  This South American monster of a creature often appears in the films or your nightmares!They have weighed over 230 kilograms. It is often considered to be the biggest snake in the world. You certainly don't want to get caught alone with this snake due to its method of attacking and killing its victim. It is indeed a remarkably different brand of snake type as it regularly coils around all over its target, increasing the pressure until eventually its victim dies. Its jaws are powered by large muscles that produce enough power for its over 100 sharp teeth to pass through the thick skin of an crocodile. They don't have poison. Sometimes they prefer to camouflage themselves so they look like their surroundings and swiftly draw back when humans are near. Golden Poisonous Frogs The golden poison frog might be the most-deadly of the South American animal, which is protected by means of poison. This very small frog, less than 55 mm in length, packs enough punch to take down a pair of African bull elephants. This apparently harmless frog has always been known to have killed people who have touched it directly. It's also been noted that chicken and dogs have died by contacting things on which a golden poison frog had wandered! In intense colors, they normally look attractive to their targets. \n Answer: Piranhas only attack human beings when they cross the river in groups.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about piranhas from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-84021f230520444d99be4ebc61f763a9",
            "input": "Article: Details of the latest James Bond film Skyfallhave been shown to the public. It comes 50 years to the day after actor Sean Connery first played Bond -- the superspy inDr No.     The new film, known at the moment only as Bond 23, will be the third to star Daniel Craig as the secretagent . Other names in the cast include Albert Finney, Javier Bardem and Ralph Fiennes.     British film-maker Sam Mendes, who won an Oscar for American Beauty, will direct the latest adventure.     Ajay Chowdhury, from the James Bond International Fan Club, said, \"Daniel Craig's third time as 007 has been looked forward to by Bond fans around the world. The fans have been made to wait extra long for this film since the global economiccrisis  delayed the film for some time.\"     \"Mendes has an unusual way of directing, and with the acting gift and the precedent  set by the previous two films in which Craig played Bond,  _      It is reported that the film will send 007 to South Africa and India to hunt for a criminal  organization. Other reported locations for filming include Duntrune Castle, near Lochgilphead in Argyll, Scotland, which is believed to be the spy's home.     The film is set to be released in the UK this October.     Craig' s performance as Bond gave new life to the film series, leading to the highest ever 007 box office  takings of PS367 million for his role in Casino Royalein 2006.Quantum of Solace, the most recent film in the series released in 2008, madePS353 million. \n Answer: Sam Mendes.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, who will play Bond in film Skyfall?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5b4ea79721d64d7ea7f4e6e19af4b2a3",
            "input": "Article: Houses fall down. Trees fall over. Large holes form in the ground. Could Alaska be sinking? That's what some villagers in Alaska have been asking themselves recently--and scientists think they know why. Warmer temperatures may be causing Alaska's frozen ground to thaw . About 85 percent of Alaska's land surface has  _ . Permafrost supports the ground above it--including trees, houses, and roads. But why is the permafrost thawing? Some scientists say that human-caused pollution is leading to global warming. And most scientists agree that Alaska has been getting warmer. They say that the warmer temperature is causing permafrost to thaw in some areas. The thawing permafrost can cause problems for people, plants, and animals. \"The collapsing  is a problem in the villages in Alaska which are built on permafrost, and some of them may have to move to safer ground, where there is no permafrost,\" Weller said. The Alaskan town of Glennallen saw its old post office collapse. And, according to James Walters, a permafrost expert at the University of Northern Iowa, house-moving companies have been very busy. \"Melting permafrost can also destroy trees and forests,\" Weller said. \"When holes in the ground form, trees fall into them and die. This could turn a forest into a swamp , and animals which need the forest will have to move elsewhere.\" The melting could cause \"severe problems.\" Weller says: \"This could take hundreds of years, but in the end Alaska will look quite different from what it looks like now.\" \n Answer: Is Alaska Sinking?",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be used as the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5337f28ddd8041d5a17862b090bef642",
            "input": "Article: The hit movieNotting Hillbegins with a famous scene. Hugh Grant bumps   into Julia Roberts and spills   orange juice all over her. After the _ , Grant repeatedly says: \" I am so sorry. I am so sorry.\" His actions in this scene are very British. If Roberts' character were from Britain then she would probably apologize repeatedly as well--even if the crash were not her fault. But this doesn't happen in the film, as Roberts is from the US. A report in The Telegraph last week said that three-quarters of British people apologize when they bump into someone in the street -- regardless of whether they are responsible or not. In fact, we Britons use \"sorry\" in many situations. For example, if we mishear someone, we say \"Sorry?\" The person we are talking to will also apologize by replying: \"No, I am sorry!\" This can go on for up to five minutes as we compete over who is the most sorry. Life is never as simple as \"duibuqi\" and \"meiguanxi\". How we use \"sorry\" has changed. Traditionally, \"sorry\" was used to express deep regret, but a survey in 2007 showed that we use it to mean anything from \"what\" to \"whatever\". Why are Britons so sorry? Mark Tyrell, a psychology writer in the UK, thinks about our apologetic tendencies are rooted in the British class system. We say sorry because historically the new middle classes in Britain had to apologize for not being working class, but also for not really being upper class. Another theory is that we apologize to avoid confrontation . For example, if you bump into someone they might get angry. To avoid this we instantly say \"Sorry!\". True manners are about being considerate and the modern day obsession with apologizing show that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were. The word has lost some of its meaning. Do you see my point? Sorry, it might just be a British thing... \n Answer: Now more British people say sorry because of the British class system.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following might Mark Tyrell agree to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2cd01dceb6af4eab952cf0ea2bba954b",
            "input": "Article: On Jan 23, 2012, I was aboard a ship on the Yangtze River, listening to the sound of fireworks and eating plate after plate of dumplings. On Sunday Feb 10, 2013, I was preparing to celebrate Chinese New Year again - in London's Chinatown. It was raining. It was cold. But ever since I left Beijing in August, I had promised myself I would celebrate Chinese New Year - if only to help with my Beijing \"homesickness\". Central London was dressed up for the occasion. There was a stage for a big fireworks display for the evening. Even so, it wasn't like my real Beijing chunjie. Even buying a baozi didn't cheer me up. It cost about 10 times as much as the real thing does in Beijing and got stuck to its rain-ruined paper bag. Cold, wet and depressed, I ran into a shop for shelter. Suddenly, there it was. Between the packets of dried meat and fish, the bags of rice and the smell of dried noodles in this little Chinese supermarket, I had found home. An hour later, I hurried into my house with bags of frozen jiaozi, packets of sauce and a large bottle of vinegar. I boiled water, tore open the packets, grabbed my chopsticks and settled down to a feast. This, I thought, is a Happy Chinese New Year. I even watched the fireworks on TV. After all, why face the British weather when I can bring China home in one bite? \n Answer: very depressed",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel when she found some Chinese foods in a supermarket?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c07555fb304640ff93727740fd1bed24",
            "input": "Article: Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care. If we are to solve the nursing shortage. hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example . At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history  to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also  includes everything else that is necessary. The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization. keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding  to treatment. it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What  the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague. Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized   nursing administration; every  unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition  to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what  shifts and when. Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She  is also a member of the Medical Executive Committee. which in most hospitals includes only  doctors. \n Answer: The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth    Israel Hospital?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d1a36966f4e242958d21e40fe0906a5b",
            "input": "Article: I know it is wrong to envy your children. But when I see my son, Tonio and his younger brother Sam going down a slide together, one's arm around the other, I know I have missed something wonderful. Not only did I never have a brother, but also I had no friendships like theirs. My sister was old enough to help take care of me, so she was more a mother than a playmate, and I was more a _ than a friend. A brother would have been wonderful, but it was not in the family planning. Now I finally live with brothers, my sons, Tonio and Sam. I am watching them build the kind of relationship that I once dreamed about. They go to bed together. When one comes into our bed after a nightmare, my wife and I know that before morning his brother will follow. Sam manages the world with more ease than his elder brother, whose frustrations often bring him to tears. With a sincere \"Smile, Tonio,\" Sam is the one who comforts him. Tonio, on the other hand, has stopped playing with boys at his age who don't like playing with Sam. They are always backing each other up. I don't know what kind of relationship they will have when they grow up. Parents always want their children to have what they never could. I want them to have each other. So I imagine them going to the same college, marrying sisters and living on the same block. That's why I was so worried the day Tonio started kindergarten. I felt that I would lose something too. As we headed for school that morning, both boys seemed relaxed, as if neither had any idea that the day was going to be different, that starting then, Tonio would be leaving behind his brother, his best friend, his right arm. Tonio's first day was chaotic, with hundreds of children outside looking for their teachers. Before any of us could say goodbye, Tonio disappeared with his new classmates. He turned to wave and then was gone. It was so sudden. Sam even didn' t see him go. Although parents had been asked to ease the craziness of the first day by statying out of the school, I lifted Sam up and took him to Tonio's classroom, looking for a glimpse of Tonio. Sam spotted him first. My wife and I didn't head back home immediately, stopping instead at a coffee shop to treat Sam to hot chocolate. We even let him eat ice-cream with his fingers. Sam was still quiet, so I asked him if he missed his brother already. He didn't answer. Instead he asked, \"Daddy, is Tonio going to be gone forever?\" \"No, Sammy,\" I said, feeling happy about his sweet question. \"Not forever, just until three o'clock.\" I sometimes think that the greatest thing I have ever done is to help create these brothers. And I didn't stop with them. We had another child, and for the third time in a row, it was a boy. It wasn't long before his brothers climbed into the crib  to play with him. I am surrounded by brothers. \n Answer: He doesn't have a good relation with his sister.",
            "output": [
                "What makes the author envy his sons?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a268d66704134052b2b3f72e1b35fbab",
            "input": "Article: At first sight, you would think the collection of hundreds of colored shards could be a work of abstract art. But the objects are the contents of the stomach of a sea turtle that lost its battle with plastic pollution. Environmentalists examined the stomach of the turtle found off the coast of Argentina. What they found is the symptom of the increasing threat to sea turtles from a human addiction to plastic. Sea turtles often mistake plastic items for jellyfish or other food. Ingesting ocean pollution can cause a digestive blockage and internal cuts. The result can be dangerous, followed by death. Humans produce 260 million tons of plastic a year. When those products are pulled into the sea's currents, the plastics are just broken into smaller pieces which are consumed by marine life at the bottom of the food chain. An examination of a green turtle found off Florida discovered that, over the course of a month, the animal's faeces had contained 74 foreign objects, including \"four types of balloons, different types of hard plastic, a piece of carpet--like material and two 2--4 mm tar balls.\" \"The oceans have become a giant refuse bin for all manner of plastics. All sea turtle species may be seriously harmed, \"according to the biologists Colette Wabnitz, from the University of British Columbia. \"The symptom of this growing crisis can be seen inside and on sea turtles as well as their oceanic and terrestrial habitats. It is urgently necessary to directly confront the source of plastic pollution, redesign packaging and rethink the very idea of 'throwaway culture'.\" Almost all marine species, from plankton to whales, have ingested plastic. But, even in small quantities, plastic can kill sea turtles, the biologists said. Fifty out of 92 turtles found dead, stranded on the shorelines of Rio Grande do Sul state in Brazil, had ingested a \"considerable amount of man-made _ \". \n Answer: Sea turtles suffering from plastic pollution.",
            "output": [
                "What's tile passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a7effc6b9d4a4ac29db639062d2e0855",
            "input": "Article: What purposes can a library serve in an era when research can be done at home computers, thousannds of public books can be downloaded for free, and people are starting to carry around e-book readers? That's the question that David Sarno seeks to answer. \"It's very common for people to say, 'Why do I need a library when I've got a computer?'\" said Pam Sandlian-Smith, director of the seven-branch Rangeview, Colo. , Library District. \"We have to reframe what the library means to the community.\" In the struggle to stay important-and ultimately  to stay open-libraries are reinventing themselves in ways unimaginable even a few years ago, preparing for a future in which most materials can be checked and read from a home computer, smartphone or electronic reading device. But not all library professionals are enthusiastic about the community-building efforts. Sandlian-Smith and others like her have taken: \"If you want to have game rooms and pingpong tables and God knows what-poker parties-fine, do it, but don't pretend it has anything to do with libraries,\" said Michael Gorman, a former president of the American Library Assn. \"The argument that all these young people would turn up to play video games and think, 'Oh by the way, I must borrow that book by Dostoyevsky'-it seems ridiculous to me.\" Sarno reports that lending books is taking a back seat as libraries diversify their holdings-DVDs! E-books! -and struggle to define how they can serve their local communities. And yet libraries can also serve a wider audience; some are bringing rare archival  materials online. That doesn't mean that there are e-books available yet for everything in their collections. Publishers hold back e-book versions of some big sellers from libraries, for example, Jonathan Franzen's Freedom, and the Harry Potter series. \n Answer: People won't need a real library when nearly everyone has a computer.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-37c6774c0a214230beca5826052dd4e4",
            "input": "Article: On a Saturday morning earlier this September, the world got its first look at the Strati. This electric vehicle is unlike any other currently on the road. It rolls on four wheels, but its body and chassis  weren't built in a factory. Instead, Strati's designers used a technology called 3-D printing. It created those parts of the car in one piece, from the ground up. \"Compared to a typical vehicle on the road, the Strati definitely looks different,\" says Greg Schroeder, a senior research engineer at the Center for Automotive Research in Ann Arbor, Mich. He did not work on the new car. His organization studies trends and changes in the auto industry. It took 44 hours to print the new car at the International Manufacturing Technology Show in Chicago. Over the next few days, the car's designers installed additional parts. These included the car's engine, brakes and tires. Then, early on September 13, Jay Rogers climbed into the car, started its engine and drove the vehicle onto the street. Rogers helped found Local Motors. It's the Arizona-based company behind the Strati. Two weeks later, his team printed a second Strati, and just as fast, at a fair in New York City. Justin Fishkin, a local Motors official, sees the Strati as a window into the future. Today, car buyers are limited in their choice of a vehicle. They can order only what car companies have already designed. But in the future, he says, you may be able to design your own car online and then get it printed to order. Manufacturing experts say 3-D printing has begun to revolutionize how they make things. The technology has been around for decades. But these machines used to be so expensive that only large companies could afford them. In the last few years, though, that has changed. Many of the machines are now inexpensive enough for small companies--or even individuals --to own. Some local libraries make them available to the public. High Schools are beginning to use them in classrooms. Wide access to these printers means people can now design and print a wide variety of new things. The car's printer is a one-of-a-kind device. The technology behind the 3-D printer used in Chicago is an example of additive manufacturing. This process builds solid objects, slice by slice, from the bottom up. (\"Strati\" means layers, in Italian.) A mechanical arm moves a _ from one side to another, back and forth. As it moves, the nozzle deposits a liquid--often melted plastic or metal (but it could be food, concrete or even cells) --that quickly hardens or bonds to become solid or semi-solid. This creates a single, thin layer. Once a layer is complete, the printer starts depositing the next one. \"There's a lot of interest in 3-D printing in the auto industry,\" says Schroeder. Right now, the technology is particularly useful for building models of cars or car parts. To compete with current auto manufacturers, the 3-D printer would have to increase in a hurry, Schroeder says. By contrast, he notes, a Ford F-150 pickup truck rolls off an assembly line at a rate of roughly one per minute. To print as many Stratis would require many more printers. Schroeder says he doesn't see 3-D printing soon taking over for such high-volume manufacturing. But, he adds, \"Who knows what will happen in the long term?\" Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee designed the 3-D printer used in Chicago. Lonnie Love, a research scientist at the lab, led the effort. Additive manufacturing often is slow and expensive. It also may produce materials that are unreliable, Love says. So for two years, his team searched for ways to make 3-D printing better. They built new machines and tested them over and over. All of that work paid off: their new machine is fast and uses less expensive material than earlier printers. In addition, it prints a plastic embedded with fibers of carbon to produce a stronger material. This helps ensure the material won't crack or break under pressure. \n Answer: All parts of it were not made by using a technology called 3-D technology.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about the first Strati is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1d6f507b1ddb4efeab578b208cb5b118",
            "input": "Article: For hundreds of years, textbooks have put a world of knowledge in the hands of students. Paper textbooks are expensive to produce and expensive for schools to buy. Nowadays information changes so quickly that some textbooks are out of date almost before they're published. And as books are passed along from one student to the next, they get more highlighted, dog-eared, tattered, and worn. It's no secret that paper textbooks are heavy. But what you may not know is that backpack weight is an increasing problem among kids. Studies show that heavy backpacks can lead to both chronic back pain and poor posture -- and many kids are carrying a quarter of their body weight in textbooks.  Today's students have grown up completely immersed in technology. iPod, iPad, computer -- these are the ways they interact with their world. They need a textbook made for the way they learn. iBooks textbooks on iPad offer a gorgeous, full-screen experience full of interactive diagrams, photos, and videos. No longer limited to static pictures to illustrate the text, now students can dive into an image with interactive captions, rotate a 3D object, or have the answer spring to life in a chapter review. They can flip through a book by simply sliding a finger along the bottom of the screen. Highlighting text, taking notes, searching for content, and finding definitions in the glossary are just as easy. And with all their books on a single iPad, students will have no problem carrying them wherever they go. McGraw-Hill, Pearson Education, and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt -- the publishers responsible for the majority of K-12 content in the US -- have created Multi-Touch textbooks available now from the iBookstore \n Answer: 3D Images",
            "output": [
                "What may be talked about in the following passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4dc599aca78a4fdf9ffef4e9996a8933",
            "input": "Article: Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature.However,whether you are on the mountains,in the waves,or on the grassland,you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment. Some sports are resource-hungry.Golf,as you may know,eats up not only large areas of countryside,but also tons of water.Besides,all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition.This causes major environmental effects.For example,in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain,golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas. There are many environment-friendly sports.Power walking is one of them that you could take up today.You don't need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes;and you don't have to worry about resources and your purse.Simple and free,power walking can also keep you fit.If you walk regularly,it will be good for your heart and bones.Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious,sleep well and have better weight control. Whatever sport you take up,you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials.But the final goal should be\"green gyms\".They RYe better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors,in the countryside or other open spaces.There is no special requirement for you to start your membership.And best of all,it's free. \n Answer: Cycling around a lake.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the author most probably in favor of?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5fd6b0fee4924174b7e375c7e0b6ff57",
            "input": "Article: Most nutrition education isn't very effective. People know that an apple is better than a Snickers bar, but they often eat the Snickers bar anyway. After conducting hundreds of studies on the psychology of how and why we eat, I've seen that it's good to understand nutrition, but it's much better to change your eating environment. Doing so can help you make better choices without even thinking about it. Part 1 We all know children can be stubbornly habitual in what they want to eat. If kids had French fries yesterday, they want them again today. We came up with a simple way to interrupt this default. Instead of asking kids what they want, what if we ask them about someone they admire? We studied this with elementary school-aged children one summer. We treated 22 kids to apple slices or fries at a fast-food restaurant. The first week, 20 of them ordered French fries, and two ordered apple slices. But the next week, we asked, \"What would Batman eat: apple slices or French fries?\" After they answered for Batman, we asked them what they wanted. This time, the number of kids who ordered apple slices jumped from two to ten-- almost half of them. If you ask yourself before deciding between the salad and the cheesy bacon fries, \"What would my role model choose?\" you'll be a lot less tempted. Thinking about what a well-liked person would do makes us _ . Part 2 If we knew what a skinny person's kitchen looked like, we could set up our own kitchens in a similar way. Once we got into people's homes, we took pictures of everything: their dishes, sinks, refrigerator shelves, counters, snacks, pet-food dishes, tables, lighting -- even random items held up by magnets on their refrigerators. Then we spent eight months coding these kitchens to see what thin people do differently. We wondered if big kitchens turn us into big people. But it turns out that kitchen size isn't the problem. It's what you see in the kitchen. The average woman who kept potato chips on the counter weighed eight pounds more than her neighbor who didn't. \"In sight, in stomach.\" We eat what we see, not what we don't. \n Answer: To introduce some innovative ways to help us eat healthier.",
            "output": [
                "What's the writer's purpose of writing this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d3e080b3b3343dabad8e3afa8710817",
            "input": "Article: Does handwriting matter? Not very much, according to many educators. However, scientists say it is far too soon to declare handwriting is not important. New evidence suggests that the link between handwriting and educational development is deep. Children not only learn to read more quickly when they first learn to write by hand, but they are also better able to create ideas and remember information. In other words, it's not only what we write that matters -- but how. A study led by Karin James, a psychologist at Indiana University, gave support to _ . A group of children, who had not learned to read and write, were offered a letter or a shape on a card and asked to copy it in one of three ways: draw the image on a page but with a dotted outline , draw it on a piece of blank white paper, or type it on a computer. Then the researchers put the children in a brain scanner and showed them the image again. It was found that when children had drawn a letter freehand without a dotted outline or a computer, the activity in three areas of the brain were increased. These three areas work actively in adults when they read and write. By contrast, children who chose the other two ways showed no such effect. Dr. James attributes the differences to the process of free handwriting: Not only must we first plan and take action in a way but we are also likely to produce a result that is variable. Those are not necessary when we have an outline. It's time for educators to change their mind and pay more attention to children's handwriting. \n Answer: Handwriting can not be learned in a short time.",
            "output": [
                "What do scientists mean by saying \"it is far too soon to declare handwriting is not important\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0c4aa01145634155ad58f39b9837299a",
            "input": "Article: Crowd controls could soon become an important skill for climbers on Mount Everest, as important as physical strength or watching the weather. In a single day last week, nearly 40 people reached the top of the world --- a record. Reports from base camp spoke of queues at dangerous ridges and crowds as people passed each other in the final dash for the 8, 848 meters top. More traditional mountaineers tease about the circus atmosphere surrounding Everest in recent years, and there are warnings that the crowds are making the mountain more dangerous. In 1996, 14 died on the mountain when the members of several groups were trapped at high altitudes by sudden snowstorms. Bad weather in early May led to this year's jam on the summit ridge, but the loss, luckily, was light. Just four climbers died, including a Nepali Sherpa who had made 11 previous successful climbing. Traditionalists are also worried about the growing tendency of climbers to set records and achieve \"firsts\", rather than simply climb the mountain. This year's crop of mountaineers included the oldest man, 64-year-old Sherman Bull from Connecticut, and the youngest, 16-year-old Temba Tsheri Sherpa of Nepal. An American with only one arm was on the mountain this year; an Indian with no legs also tried but failed. Erik Weihennieyer, an American, became the first blind person to reach the top of the world. His fellow climbers stayed in front of him on the way up, describing the type of land and ringing bells. Nepal views Mount Everest as something of a cash cow. The government charges journeys a minimum of $ 70,000. That is probably why officials in Katmandu are ignoring concerns about overcrowding and talking about even more climbers coming next year. But a celebration of the 48th anniversary of the first conquest of Everest, by Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, was cancelled after violent strikes. Tumultuous Nepali politics, it seems, could be just the crowd-control measure that Everest needs. \n Answer: Physical strength.",
            "output": [
                "What is the problem that the climbers have to face in recent years?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-de3d21aa5e8243eab6bc7ffa1dcd546c",
            "input": "Article: I'm telling Mother about a new girl in school,and she suddenly looks up and says,\"Who're your two best friends?\" I'm not sure what to say.I've been friends with Jill since I was three or so,and I really like Jaime,a friend in kindergarten.\"Well,what about Karen and Cindy?\" She seems upset,like I hurt her feelings.\"But they're my sisters.\" \"Yes,but they can still be your best friends.Friends may come and go,but your sisters will always be there for you.\" At the time,the idea of my two sisters being my closest friends seemed strange to me.We fought all the time over toys,food and attention.How could my sisters be my best friends?They weren't the same age as I.We all had our own friends in school.But my mother never let the three of us forget it:Sisters are lifelong friends.Her wish was to give us something that she never had.Growing up an only child,she longed for siblings  .When she gave birth to three daughters,the fulfillment of her dream had only just begun.She'd given us each a gift and she wanted to make sure we did not take that gift for granted.She'd frequently tell us how lucky we were.She never showed favoritism to one daughter over the other.And when we were teenagers,Mom always punished us equally. We didn't always get along beautifully and fought just like any other siblings.But we realized that our mother was right.Today I share things with my sisters that I do with no one else.My sister Cindy and I ran the New York City Marathon together,sidebyside,even holding hands when we crossed the finish line.When my sister Karen got married,I was her maid of honor.The three of us trust each other with our greatest secrets. It was twentythree years ago that my mother first asked me who my two best friends were.Today she doesn't have to.She already knows. \n Answer: Because we are always punished by Mother equally.",
            "output": [
                "Why does Mother say that my sisters can be my best friends?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-25d765cd45654237948bcc8e72ab24f6",
            "input": "Article: As a little boy I read a book with a picture showing a man reading while floating in the Dead Sea. What a miracle! How would it feel to lie back in water so thick with salt that it was impossible to sink?               Fed by the Jordan River and smaller streams, the Dead Sea is the lowest point on the earth's surface, and its water is ten times saltier than the Mediterranean. As evaporation  is its only outlet, salt and other minerals become super-concentrated. Earlier this year, I drove down the long, steep hill to realize my dream. The shoreline was a broad area of bare salt-mud, but the water edge was out of sight. It seemed as if somebody had pulled the Dead Sea's plug . Eli Dior, an Israeli official, explained the problem \"The Dead Sea is drying up. Every year, the surface falls about one meter, and as the water level falls, shallow areas are left high and dry.\" Over the last half-century, the five neighboring countries have used up almost all the water flowing into the Dead Sea to meet human and agriculture needs. Result the Dead Sea is being emptied.               With population in the neighbouring countries to double at least in the next 50 years, there is little hope of restoring the water being used in this area. No country has a drop to spare for the Dead Sea, where they know it will just evaporate. To dream of opening the dams and restoring natural balance is unrealistic. Yet one ambitious high-tech dream may turn out to be not only the solution to the Dead Sea but also a ticket to peace around its shores. The \"Red-Dead\" is a proposed $5 billion project to bring sea water some 240 kilometers by pipeline and canal from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea. The Red-Dead may be the only solution, but even if the project is carried out successfully, the Dead Sea will be 10 to 20 meters lower than now and two thirds of its current size. Whatever the future holds, the Dead Sea's magical mix of sun, mud, sea and salt will surely survive. Many might complain that the Dead Sea is half empty--but for me the Dead sea will always be half full. \n Answer: Why the Dead Sea is so salty.",
            "output": [
                "What's the passage mainly about ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9c9d831309984b6a807eda1b35ca4cce",
            "input": "Article: Luo Gaoqi hopes to join the increasing number of Chinese students in the United States because he wants the experience of studying in a foreign land as it will help his future job at home. \"I want to try Western education because people there think differently,\" said the 21-year-old who is in his final year of undergraduate studies. \"I also hope to meet friends from different cultures. The social connections may help in the future.\" The latest report from the US-based institute of International Education said China, for the first time, has become the top country of origin for international students in the United States. For Yang Fan, a journalism student, said studying in the United States is a way to escape the competition for places in China's top universities. \"Due to limited education resources, only about 60 percent of high school graduates in China enter college, and a much lower rate enters the top-level ones. \"A foreign degree will definitely help when I seek a job in China,\" Yang said. Both Yang's and Luo's parents are supportive of them studying abroad. Neither of them is thinking of settling down in the United States after graduation. \"It is not realistic to do so. As a journalism student, there would be no advantage for me to work in the United States,\" Yang said. \"But in China, with a US degree and good English, I may stand out against other students who have only studied in China.\" China still needs to improve its environment for scientists and high-level talents, said Xiao Mingzheng, director of the Center for Human Resource Development and Management Research of Peking University, adding that, in particular, the country needs to improve its policies relating to research environments. In June, the Chinese government published a plan concerning talent development for the next 10 years. In it, it has improved policies and increased budgets to attract talented students back home. \n Answer: Because the culture there is different from that in China.",
            "output": [
                "Why does Luo Gaoqi wants to study in a foreign land according to his words?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-31dc4845a4f046e282f536a3bc160f96",
            "input": "Article: The Last Supper is regarded as one of the supreme masterpieces in the whole field of pictorial  art. Tradition has it that Leonardo Da Vinci worked for ten years upon the painting, the monks in the church annoyed at the delay. It was said that Leonardo often painted continuously from dawn to night without eating his meals. But at other times he spent hours before the picture, lost in contemplation, examining, comparing, and measuring his figures. This inactivity aroused the anger of the fussy Prior , the head of the church, who belonged to the large group of those who believed that the busier a man seems, the more he accomplishes; and so he tried to find fault with the idle painter. Leonardo was slightly unhappy and explained to somebody else that there is a great difference between the work of the creative artist and the stonemason. The creative artist needs time for contemplation; he may be busiest when his hands are idlest. Just now he needed two heads to complete the picture: that of Christ, for which no model on earth could be found, for where was the man to be found whose face would express the strength, and beauty, and tenderness, and deep sorrow of the Christ; then he also needed a head of Judas, and that was hard to find as well, for where was the man whose face could express the meanness of that base  traitor . But he would look no further; if none came his way, he would be satisfied to take Prior as a model for Judas. This threat silenced the angry Prior, who quite naturally had no desire to pass to descendants  in such a fashion. \n Answer: Because he thought that the painter wasted most of the hours.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the Prior complain about the delay?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8b6617d822ac48abb1ed3dd318a74610",
            "input": "Article: Speak, speak, speak! Practise speaking as often as you can. Speaking to yourself is good practice. Try recording yourself whenever you can. Compare your pronunciation with the master version to see how you can do better and _ . If you do this several times, you will find that each time is better than last. Why not learn with someone else? It helps if you can learn with someone else. If you can persuade a friend or family member to study with you, it will make you keep working. Don't get stuck by a word you don't know. Practise improving ways of getting your meaning across when speaking spontaneously ,even if you don't know the exact words or phrases. Think of things you might want to say whenever you have spare time. Use facial expressions, hand movements, anything to make yourself understood. Language learning is also about intuition . Guesswork is an important way to learn a new language. When listening to recorded material, you aren't expected to understand everything first time round. If you play the same piece several times, you will most probably understand something new each time. Build up your vocabulary. A wide vocabulary is the key to successful language learning but don't try to learn too much at once. It's best to study frequently, for short periods of time. Take at most six or seven items of vocabulary and learn them. Put them into sentences to fix them in your mind, and then come back to them later. And above all, have fun! \n Answer: To tell us a few tips to help us learn a new language well.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c376ee1e0df4c63822f9e6c5bc76c01",
            "input": "Article: The meal you eat after exercising matters! No matter what time of day you exercise, the key is to follow the exercise up with meals that supply enough nutrition  . For the best results, eat within 30 to 60 minutes after exercising, when the muscles are at the best time to take in nutrients. Here are some ideas for meals after exercising. Home-made sports-recovery drink Mix banana, milk, and yogurt to make a fresh and satisfying sports-recovery drink. Dairy products like milk and yogurt work double duty, providing both protein   and carbohydrates  . A cup of coffee, on the other hand, is a poor choice. Protein-packed sandwich You can't go wrong with a sandwich after exercising --it's got everything in a hand-held package. Sandwiches provide the salt you need to replace what you lost by sweating  , while the tomatoes in them supply plenty of Vitamin C. Try using whole-wheat bread to give yourself more fiber. The cheese and fresh vegetables in sandwiches are also great for helping tired muscles recover. Power breakfast An egg sandwich is a perfect post-exercise breakfast. There's protein in both the yolk and the white of the egg. This recipe increases your protein intake   while keeping calories and fat under control. Eggs also contain zinc  , which helps protect against disease. Plant-based protein Beans are an amazing source of plant-based protein and carbohydrates. Make a large bowl of bean salad in the beginning of a week, and you'll have a great post-exercise meal that's ready whenever you need it. \n Answer: What to eat after exercising.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9c9318f958b448a69ac1dcfd28d0ef82",
            "input": "Article: In our life, we have rarely expressed our gratitude to the one who lived those years with us. In fact, we don't have to wait for anniversaries to thank the ones closest to us and the ones so easily overlooked. If I have learned anything about giving thanks, it is this: give it now! While your feeling of appreciation is alive and sincere, act on it. Saying thanks is such an easy way to add to the world's happiness. Saying thanks not only brightens someone else's world, it brightens yours. If you're feeling left out, unloved or unappreciated, try reaching out to others. It may be just the medicine you need. Of course, there are times when you can't express gratitude immediately. In that case, don't let embarrassment sink you into silence and speak up the first time you have the chance. Once a young minister, Mark Brian, was sent to a remote parish of Kwakiutl Indians in British Columbia. The Indians, he had been told, did not have a word for thank you. But Brian soon found that these people had unusual generosity. Instead of saying thanks, it is their custom to return every favor with a favor of their own, and every kindness with an equal or superior kindness. They do their thanks. I wonder if we had no words in our vocabulary for thank you, would we do a better job of communicating our gratitude? Would we be more responsive, more sensitive, more caring? Thankfulness sets in motion a chain reaction that transforms people all around us-including ourselves. For no one ever misunderstands the melody of a grateful heart. Its message is universal; its poems transcend all earthly barriers; its music touches the heaven. \n Answer: Our family members and good friends.",
            "output": [
                "Who do we easily forget to express our thanks to according to the writer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f16b45a66dcc4a1f9bebaabbae2486d2",
            "input": "Article: The way Westerners communicate tends to  be  ly explicit   and direct. In other words, Westerners tend to put most of their ideas and feelings into words, and then state these ideas and feelings clearly and openly. It is generally considered a good thing to \"get to the point \"and \"say what you mean,\" and it is largely the speaker's responsibility to ensure that his/her message is stated in a way that is clear and easy to understand. In contrast , Chinese people tend to communicate in a way that is more indirect and subtle. They often view direct, explicit communication as unsophisticated or even rude. They are more likely to preserve good feelings and relationships by not saying something that might upset or offend  another person. If a Westerner makes a request and a Chinese person responds by saying something like \"I'll think it over\", the Westerner may assume that there is a good chance that the answer will be \"yes\". In fact, there is a better chance that the implied answer is \"no\". One interesting example of the Western preference for very direct communication can be seen in what Western students are taught about how they should organize their writing. Writers are generally expected to state their point as clearly as possible, generally right at the beginning. Students are taught to begin paragraphs with a \"topic sentence\" that states the point of the paragraph. Also, articles should generally begin with a brief statement of the points to be made -and also conclude with a review of those same points. In contrast, in Chinese writing it is more acceptable to build up to the point rather announcing it right form the start, although it is also acceptable to state the point up front. It is important to note that Westerners are not all equally direct in their communication styles. For example, the direct communication style is more typical of Western men than of Western women. Furthermore, even in Western culture it is generally not considered good to communicate so directly that you hurt other people's feelings, offend them, or create conflict. \n Answer: Communication styles",
            "output": [
                "What is the subject of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2ac0449c34c849eba51e9c4aa59e3c12",
            "input": "Article: It seems that great artists and scientists often suffer from mental problems. Both Einstein and Dickens had mental illness. Now scientists have started to look at whether mental illness and genius are linked . Dr. Adele Juda studied 5,000 creative people in Germany. She found there were more people with mental illness in this group than in the general population. Poets had the highest rate  of mental illness, followed by musicians, with lower numbers for painters and architects. Other scientists did research which also showed a strong link between mental problems and creativity. But, it did nothing to explain it. Dr. Ruth Richards of Harvard University _ . Instead of studying creative people, she took a group of psychiatric  patients and tested them for creativity. The patients got much higher scores than a normal group. Also, the patients' close relatives were much more creative than the patients and a normal group. This suggests that the key to the link between creativity and mental illness is in our genes . But this is a problem. According to Darwinism, harmful genes should be removed. Some scientists believe that evolution  has created a balance, where the madness of a few people leads to the development of the whole human race. Geniuses may be mad, bad or just difficult to understand, but their discoveries have improved the world we live in. It seems that a little creative madness is good for us all. \n Answer: Bus drivers.",
            "output": [
                "According to Dr. Adele Juda, which of the following group has the lowest rate of mental illness?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-31344f27d4ff49a29e5fba153470f2c3",
            "input": "Article: A busy public square in the Chinese city of Nanjing is home to an unusual experiment. For almost two months, the country's first \"honesty bookshop\" has occupied  a sidewalk on HanZhong Road in the city's Gulou District. With no cashier or other staff, the store relies on trust for payment. Making money isn't the company's main goal and they don't punish those who take books without paying. \"If they can really finish the books, it doesn't matter if they took the books for free,\" Zhu Yu, the marketing director of the company says. \"In fact, we are really happy to witness so many people taking books from the honesty bookshop.\" After browsing the four wooden bookshelves, customers must drop their money in a locked box. Prices are set at 30% of the usual cover price. Zhu hopes that his sidewalk store, which sells, on average, 60 books a day, will make more people interested in reading. Like elsewhere, e-books are affecting sales of traditional books, and traditional books and many independent booksellers are struggling. Zhu got permission from the city government to use the sidewalk and says he's determined to make it a long-term project. He says the store is open every day, except when it rains, and it's locked up each night. In September last year, the company laid out 1,000 books and reading lamps on the ground and encouraged people \"to go on a date\" with a book. \"Independent bookshops represent the well-being of the city.\" Zhu told CNN in 2013, \"when a city is losing its bookshops, it's actually losing something in its soul.\" If the success of the Honesty Bookstore is any guide, Nanjing's soul is in pretty good shape. \n Answer: There is no cashier in it.",
            "output": [
                "How is the bookstore different from other bookstores?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c4d8fd0166ec4d66829c0ce60fdd3ee9",
            "input": "Article: Let's say a person gets up at 7:00 in the morning and goes to bed at 11:00 at night. He comes home from work about 6:30, and by the time he has finished with dinner it is after 8:00. He steps outside in the summer to relax -- but it's already getting dark! Not much time to enjoy the summer day. Now suppose you set the clock ahead one hour. This person still does everything at the same time -- but this time, when he steps out at 8:00 there's still plenty of light to enjoy. An hour of daylight has been \"saved\" for him! Daylight saving time doesn't, of course, add any hours to a day. This is impossible. All it does is to increase the number of useful hours of daylight during the seasons when the sun rises early. Daylight saving is most popular in cities. It allows the closing of offices, shops, and factories at the end of the working day while the sun is still high. Farmers, who do their work by sun time, usually do not observe daylight saving time. They cannot work in the field before the morning dew  has dried or after it appears in the evening. Did you know who first thought of daylight saving time? It was Benjamin Franklin! When he was living in France in the 18th century, he suggested the idea to the people in Paris. But it was not adopted then. Daylight saving laws were first passed during World WarI, when materials for making electricity was hard to find, and when it was necessary to save on _ light. With daylight saving, the bedtime of many people comes soon after it gets dark, while without it, if people stay up until the same hour they may have to use artificial light. Germany was the first country to adopt daylight saving time in 1915. Then England used it in 1916, and the United States adopted it in 1918. \n Answer: To have one more hour to rest.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of adopting daylight saving time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1523248b86844b37a2f87cb372f75f61",
            "input": "Article: Wildlife conservationists in Kenya are trying to save a rare kind of rhinoceros .Somanynorthernwhiterhinoshavebeenhuntedandkilled that they are almost dying out. There were only five northern white rhinos left. So the workers hoped they could save the rhinos by helping them produce young. Three northern white rhinos lived at The Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya. Workers with military weapons guarded the rhinos as they walked, played and ate over a large area of natural grass and trees. The three rhinos were brought to the conservancy in 2009 from a zoo in the Czech Republic. Workers hoped they would have a better chance of survival in a more natural habitat. But breeding has not been as successful as they had hoped. And the number of northern white rhinos continues to decrease. One of the rhinos at the conservancy died in October. Another died at a zoo in the US city of San Diego, California earlier this month. The San Diego zoo still has one northern white rhino left. The zoo in the Czech Republic also has one. The last wild northern white rhinos were hunted and killed during conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Congo over the past ten years. Rhinos are killed because many people in Asia want the animals'horns .They believe the horns will help with medical problems. But researchers say there is no medicine in the horn, just a kind of hair. The last male northern white rhino is 41 years old. He has been unsuccessful in producing young with a female rhino. So conservationists will use artificial methods to make a young female become pregnant. If that is not successful, they will try to fertilize a northern rhino egg and put it into a southern white rhino, who will act as a surrogate  mother. The last solution would be cross-breeding between the northern and southern white rhino species. If cross-breeding is successful, there is hope that some part of the northern white rhino species may still live on. \n Answer: To ensure that they live better in a natural environment.",
            "output": [
                "Why were the three northern white rhinos brought to the conservancy in Kenya?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-920c20f5cc7e41a99a276cdc095da27b",
            "input": "Article: Fruit powered digital clock Fruit's not only good to eat, but it can also power this Fruit digital Clock. This clock uses the scientific principles on which modern electrical storage batteries are based. The acid from the fruit helps transmit an electrical flow between two metal poles. The clock is priced at US $ 15. Connecting any fresh fruit or vegetable to the clock will make it work. The fruit is a clean, renewable source of electrical power. USB vacuum Do you know the dirtiest parts of your desk are probably your keyboard and mouse? Get a USB Mini Vacuum with retractable  cable and suck away all that _ . The US- made product is priced at US $14. SIM card reader Making useful USB 2.0 multi-card readers even handier, this card can also read and write data to phone SIM cards. It comes with SIM editing software. Download your phonebook to your computer. If you lose your cell phone, you can store missing phone numbers in your new one. The US-made IMOMO SIM card + Multi Card Reader is priced at US $ 19 (152yuan). Beer in your ear The beer barrel -shaped Naf Naf Hyp MP3 is a musical box that's capable of playing radio, CDs and cassettes. It's got all the standard features of the typical clock-radio, but with the relaxing look of a big beer barrel. The Danish product is priced at about US $ 130 (1,040yuan) \n Answer: USB vacuum",
            "output": [
                "If you have 115 yuan, which product can you buy according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-655f2e09bd9f44c592301528c2357401",
            "input": "Article: A small boy sat on the street with a hat by his feet. He held up a sign which said: \" I am blind, please help\". There were only a few coins in the hat. A man was walking by. He took a few coins from his pocket and dropped them into the hat. He then took the sign, turned it around, and wrote some words. He put the sign back so that everyone who walked by would see the new words. Soon the hat began to fill up. A lot more people were giving money to the blind boy. That afternoon the man who had changed the sign came to see how things were. The boy recognized his footsteps and asked :\"Were you the one who changed my sign this morning? What did you write?\" The man said: \"I only wrote the truth. I said what you said but in a different way.\" What he had written was: \"Today is a beautiful day but I cannot see it.\" Do you think the first sign and the second sign were saying the same thing? Of course both signs told people the boy was blind. But the first sign simply told people to help by putting some money in the hat. The second sign told people that they were able to enjoy the day, but the boy could not enjoy it because he was blind. The first sign simply said the boy was blind. The second sign told people they were so lucky that they were not blind. There are at least two lessons we can learn from this simple story. The first is: Be thankful for what you have. Someone else has less. Help where you can. The second is:Be creative. Think differently. There is always a better way! \n Answer: He was showing his handwriting.",
            "output": [
                "What was the boy doing on the street?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f776d941f6d4920b4696e474512238a",
            "input": "Article: China and Japan are respectively the world's secondandthirdlargest economies. In 2008, China-Japan trade grew to $266.4 billion, a rise of 12.5 percent on 2007, making China and Japan the top two-way trading partners. China was also the biggest destination for Japanese exports in 2009. The relationship between China and Japan has been  _ at times by Japan's refusal to acknowledge itswartimepast to the satisfaction of China. China joined other Asian countries, such asSouth Korea,North KoreaandSingapore, in criticizing Japanese history textbooks that whitenJapanese war crimesinWorld War II. They claimed that the rise ofmilitarismbecame evident in Japanese politics. Muchanti-Japanese emotion has risen, because of the increasing feelings ofChinese nationalismand former Prime MinisterJunichiro Koizumi's visits to theYasukuni Shrine . Although Koizumi openly declared---in a statement made on April 22, 2005 in Jakarta--- \"deep regret\" overJapan's wartime crimes, many Chinese observers regard the apology as insufficient and not consistent with the action. Sino-Japan relations changed slightly after Shinzo Abebecame thePrime Minister of Japanin September 2006, and a joint historical study conducted by China and Japan released a report in 2010 which pointed toward new agreement on the issue ofWorld War II-era violent action. However, there also remains the dispute  over the Diaoyu Islands, which resulted in clashes between Taiwanese (Chinese) protesters and the Japanese government in April 2005. The incident led to anti-Japanese protests and violence across Mainland China, from BeijingtoShanghai, laterGuangzhou,ShenzhenandShenyang. In August 2012, Hong Kong activists landed on one of the disputed Diaoyu Islands, and Japanese nationalists responded by landing on the island the following week. The incidents set off the largest-scale anti-Japanese protests in China for decades in which protesters vandalized Japanese shops and cars. On the 14th of September relations worsened even further in response to Japan's announcement of plans to buy the island from its private owners. The news resulted in the Chinese government sending six surveillance  ships to the islands and further anti-Japanese protests in which protesters attacked the Japanese embassies in Shanghai and Beijing. \n Answer: The dispute over Diaoyu islands caused more than one anti-Japan protests in China.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about China-Japan relations?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-be5b0a657eba4fa283e65b27c7d0acfa",
            "input": "Article: Twice in the past few days, I've witnessed families arguing to the point of having major 'falling outs' (when you get so angry with each other that there is threat of withdrawing love from a family member and/or abandoning the relationship). Last night, one of those situations occurred and a friend contacted me on QQ and asked my advice. Their situation arose where a son-in-law had disagreements with his wife and then got into a quarrel with his mother-in-law and father-in-law. In the end, the son-in-law threatened to cut off all relationship with his in laws and also to deny his in laws a relationship with his own daughter, their granddaughter. Not only did the son-in-law threaten his wife's parents, but he has followed through with his threat and hasn't allowed his wife or his child to have any contact with his wife's parents in almost a year. The first question my friend asked me was, \"Michael, what do you do when you get into a quarrel with your family?\" I said, \"I don't know.\" They said, \"Well what about when you quarrel with your mother or one of your siblings (brother or sister)?\" I said, \"I don't know.\" He said, \"Well, what would you do if you got into an argument with your in laws when you were married?\" I said, \"I don't know.\" He said, \"What do you mean that you don't know?\" I said, \"Well, I never got into a quarrel with my in-laws, my mother or my siblings.\" He said, \"Be serious, Michael. I need some help with this situation.\" I said, \"I am serious. I never quarreled with mother, brother, sister, father-in-law, mother-in-law or brother-in-law. At least not in my adult life (since I turned 18 years old).\" My friend found it hard to believe that I never did any of these things. I suppose (I really don't know; Ha!) that many people wouldn't believe that an entire family could maintain a such a level of peace, harmony, respect and love. The truth is, my family doesn't do those things. You may wonder 'why' we don't do that. Well, I never really thought about 'why' we don't do that. But I do know, we don't. So, I did the most logical thing I could think of. I asked my mother 'why' we don't quarrel, argue, fight and have such situations. Some people believe that if you don't argue, quarrel and fight, then, you don't care enough. I would say that my family cares very deeply for each other and love each other and express our love to each other, very often. We don't believe that you have to quarrel, argue and fight in order to show that you care and that you love the other. Instead, we show that we love, care and respect each other by, well, loving, caring and respecting each other. \n Answer: The writer has cultural differences with his friends.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a75a25e4868f468583834d01889df2c9",
            "input": "Article: (Q =\" Question;\" A = Answer) Situation I Q: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move? A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that the close sitter doesn't realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance. You undoubtedly aren't the first person he's met who needs enough room. Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show. Situation II Q: If I use the bathroom at a store, do I need to buy something? A: Consider frequency and urgency. Is this a one-time thing or an emergency? If so, you don't have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did. However, if you regularly use the bathroom at this place, then you are a customer, and you should act like one. Situation III Q: If someone is talking loudly on the bus, is there a nice way to ask him to keep it down? A: No. Try other means: 1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down. 2) Lift your finger in a silence motion  and smile. 3) Put on earphones and ignore him. Situation IV Q: If I remember my friend's birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened? A: This is the reason why the word _ was invented. \"Happy belated birthday!\" is short for: \"Well, I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday.\" Situation V Q: Can I lie about seeing a text because I was loo busy or lazy to respond to it? A: Don't lie. Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond  to it. Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve? \"Yes,\" you can say if ever asked, \"I saw it.\" No explanation is needed as to why you don't respond. \n Answer: By making fun of him continuously.",
            "output": [
                "How will you quiet someone down in a public place?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5840340fab6541449f95ee74b876469f",
            "input": "Article: When the shooting of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows was complete, it was much more than a movie wrap-up  . Rupert Grint, who played Ron Weasley, toldThe Sunday Timesthat he's happy to have the time for romance now filming is over. Emma Watson, who is Hermione Granger in the movies, said she looked forward to \"finally being free, being my own person\" - a change signaled by her new haircut. Daniel Radcliffe, who has been the face of the boy wizard since 2001, said that he \"did cry like a little girl\" when the last movie finished. \"It's like the ending of a relationship,\" he toldThe Vancouver Sun. \"There's a sense of, 'God, what am I going to do now?'\" He said he was eager to see \"what life holds for him beyond Hogwarts\". Along with the three actors, Harry Potter fans, now in their late teens, came of age with J.K. Rowling's characters. For them, the last film isn't just a goodbye to a decade of magic, but the close of their childhoods. \"We are the Harry Potter generation,\" Canadian Andrea Hill, 19, toldThe Vancouver Sun.\"We started in elementary school, reading about a boy our age who was going through the same things we were going through. We grew up, so did he.\" For Emily Chahal, an 18-year-old student, the series has been an inspiring journey. \"That first book was what started my love of literature. It was the inspiration for everything - really teaching me to appreciate my friends, and to face difficulties with a sense of courage,\" she said. \"I have a sense of sadness. The end of the movies is kind of the end of my childhood, too.\" Fortunately, to the delight of die-hard fans, there are many things that keep the boy wizard alive. For example, in June this year, a Harry Potter theme park opened in Florida, US. Some schools in the US and UK also have Quidditch teams - players ride broomsticks. \"We're not waiting anymore to see what happens to Harry next,\" Hill told The Vancouver Sun. She founded a Quidditch club at Carleton University in Canada. \"We're still engaged in that magical world.\" \n Answer: She was ready to move onto something new.",
            "output": [
                "How did Emma Watson feel when she finished the shooting of the Harry Potter series?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e5e8cdb9bb0415892b42da76c5c5e60",
            "input": "Article: The centenary of the birth of William Faulkner, one of the great modern novelists, was celebrated in September 1997. Faulkner wrote about the southern states of the United States of America where he grew up, and where his family had an important part to play in the history of that region. His work became a touchstone for insights into the troubled issues of southern American identity, race relations, and the family interrelationships of the old time southern gentry . Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi on September 25, 1897. Despite his interest in writing, he left Oxford High School, Mississippi, without graduating. After World War I, he entered the University of Mississippi as a special student, a right to study which was granted to retired soldiers, although Faulkner had only finished training with the Air Force in Canada, and not entered combat . Faulkner began to write poems, a verse play, short stories and finished his first novel Sartoris in 1928. His fiction was centered for 14 of the 19 novels published during his lifetime in a fictional region called Yoknapatawpha County. The name is said to come from the Indian Chickasaw word meaning split land. In December 1950, Faulkner was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. When he accepted it in Stockholm, his speech emphasized that he wished to continue writing, but in a positive way that affirmed the power of humanity to prevail over adverse circumstances. As he said in his speech, he still felt that, despite the threat of nuclear war then hanging over the world, the central concern of the writer should be \"the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself\". He wanted the tensions and problems that he had cast the spotlight on in the southern states of America to be resolved by the life-affirming attitudes and action of his characters. Like playwright Tennessee Williams, Faulkner was a major voice who spoke for the troubled heart of the southern states of America. His achievement is all the more remarkable because, as a schoolboy, he was not only a frequent absentee but also reportedly failed to reach pass grades in English class. His collected short stories, novels, poems, and other writings form a legacy( ) of literature which casts profound illumination  on the special culture of the South, a culture which developed from a history and social circumstances that were always unique. From the focus on a fictional county, and by remaining true to his view of a close-knit but real society that reflected the greater world around him, Faulkner in the end fashioned a legend of the Deep South that is one of the major achievements of the 20th century literature. \n Answer: William Faulkner died one hundred years ago.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about William Faulkner is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6cd764604b344f59a5e6e69536dd1ac8",
            "input": "Article: If you can see the magic in a fairytale, you can face the future.\" --Danielle Steel Who have not read fairytales? We all have had the experience of reveling in the beauty and innocence of fairytales. May it be Cinderella or Sleeping Beauty... fairytale is a word which cannot be new to us. But have you ever traveled ages back to the earliest of times and uncovered the fascinating facts about these stories? Well, if not, then here are some mystical finds I discovered when I undertook this journey. A fairytale or fairy story is a fictional tale that usually features folkloric characters (such as fairies, talking animals). A fairytale often stars transformed princes, princesses, animals, as in \"fairytale ending\" where the humble but heroic princes defeat the wicked enemies or as in \"fairytale romance\" where after much ado the beautiful princesses marry their Prince Charming. One distinct feature of fairytales is that, they take place \"once upon a time\". The history of the fairytale is particularly difficult to trace. The oral tradition of the fairytale came long before the written page. The oldest known fairytales stem from ancient Egypt around 1,300 B.C and now, after traveling through various periods of time, they have grown and matured in various aspects and have become the most popular genre of stories for young children. The most famous authors of fairytales are the Grimm Brothers whose works include Cinderella, Rapunzel, Sleeping Beauty, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and many more; The Grimm Brothers collected their tales from farmers and edited them to suit their audience. But whatever may the form be, fairytales are after all fairytales! G. K. Chesterton said, \"Fairytales do not tell children the dragons exist; they tell the dragons can be killed.\" This quote has great weight. Every child believes in fairies, dragons, etc. They do not need fairytales to tell them that. Instead fairytales tell that good always succeed over evil. So fairytales are necessary for young minds. Fairytales are narrated to children when they are young. This is very essential indeed, for if in the beginning of our lives our minds are touched by the beauty, innocence and the morals in these tales, we will be able to trace the optimistic side of happenings. The fairies are like our wildest dreams, which seem unreachable but we can make them plausible . \n Answer: The spoken form of fairytale came earlier than the written form.",
            "output": [
                "What implies in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1ba0e144115c466ea46a671f74052422",
            "input": "Article: Ever since I started my freshman year in another state, I've realized that people make many assumptions about college students, many of which are based on partying. Even my sociology professor jokingly told our class: \"If your motto isn't 'I am partying therefore I am,' you're college-ing wrong.\" Whenever I say partying isn't fun, I get the same response: wide-eyed stares, dropped jaws and a resounding \"Seriously?\", which makes me feel like I'm being judged. Don't get me wrong - I've tried to enjoy dancing in hot, crowded spaces to loud rap music. But at last, I've always escaped to an empty corner while trying to ignore rude, crazy people. I wondered if I was weird for wanting to stay in on a Friday night to read a book. I even questioned whether or not I was living the \"authentic \" college experience. \"Maybe you - a shy boy - just need to go out more.\" Friends have said. Suggestions like these make me think about food. Have you ever tasted something that someone else really likes and you don't? When that happens to me, I have a habit of eating more hoping that it will eventually taste good. Does that ever work? No. For me, partying is a lot like that. From what I can tell, I'm just not a fan. I'm not trying to set myself apart - I just have a different definition of fun. As you begin to think about your present college life, I hope this helps you realize that there isn't just one way to experience college life. Some turn up at a party to relax. I turn to a good book. Which option have you made in college? And remember: college is a place where you can keep yourself originally. It means not going with the flow and means figuring out what you want for yourself, originating your own values and thinking a way towards your future success. \n Answer: College professors seldom joke college students.",
            "output": [
                "What should college life be like in most people's opinion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-486d3660fcda47f585c36d821cb9cb0b",
            "input": "Article: Sudha Chandran, a classical dancer from India, had to have her right leg cut after a car accident.She was also cut off on her bright career road. However, she didn't stop struggling. In the painful three months that followed, Sudha met a doctor who had an operation on her leg. So strongly she wanted to go back to dancing after she had been fitted with a man-made leg. Sudha knew that she believed in herself and could realize her dream,so she began her brave journey back to the world of dancing -- learning to balance, bend, stretch,walk, and turn. After every public recital  , she might ask her dad about her performance. \"You stillhave a long way to go\" was the answer she used to get in return. In January 1984, Sudha gained popularity again by giving a public recital in Bombay. She performed in such a great manner that it moved everyone to tears and this performance pushed her to the number one position again. That evening when she asked her dad the same question, he didn't say anything. He just touched her feet as a praise. Sudha's comeback was so touching that a film producer decided to make the story into a film,which has moved more and more people. When someone asked Sudha how she had managed to dance again, she said quite simply, \"YOU DON'T NEED FEET TO DANCE.\" Nothing is impossible in this world. If you have the will to win,you can achieve anything. \n Answer: She got well in three months.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to Sudha after she met the doctor?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-60750f1af8ba4b91a76b8109e6aa15ed",
            "input": "Article: PEOPLE may use the expression \"birdbrain\" in English to talk about someone who is stupid, but crows prove that this is unfair. Now it has been discovered that crows may understand analogies  . To test this ability in animals, scientists do \"relational matching-to-sample (RMTS)\"tests. If a pair was AA, for example, then picking BB to match it would be correct. An international team led by Edward Wasserman in the US first trained two crows to match things by color1, shape, and number in what is called\" identity matching-to-sample (IMTS)\" , then moved onto RMTS. For the IMTS test, the birds were put in a cage with a plastic tray that had three cards and two cups in it. The card in the middle was the sample card. The cups on either side were covered with the other two cards. One was the same as the sample, while the other wasn' t. The cup with the card that matched the sample card contained two worms to eat. In the second part of the experiment, the birds were tested with relational matching pairs. A card with two same- sized circles, for example, meant they should pick the test card with two same-sized squares and not two different-sized circles. The birds did well in the more difficult test and picked the correct card more than three quarters of the time. Wasserman was surprised that crows were able to solve the problem without any training in RMTS. He said in a news release: \"Honestly, if it was only by force that the crows showed this learning, then it would have been an impressive result. But this was spontaneous.\" So perhaps it' s time to stop saying \" birdbrain\" permanently. \n Answer: In the IMTS test, the birds needed to identify the sample card to get rewards.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TURE about the tests on the crows?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2444c9205c644449800a21d9da06131d",
            "input": "Article: It's hard to avoid looking like a fool on April Fool's Day. On April 1 each year, people play tricks on each other. These tricks are usually silly rather than mean. Classmates sometimes tie each other's shoelaces to their chairs.Teachers might hand out an impossibly difficult surprise test that scares students before they realize it's only a joke. Newspapers announce fake  contests (such as \"Win an elephant!\") and report on fake stories (like \"UFO\" lands in New York City). Forget gifts, songs and special foods--those are for the other holidays of the year. On April Fool's Day, the only tradition is to laugh (and maybe to cause a little bit of trouble). One April Fool's Day, when I was in high school, a group of students in my class played a very clever and funny trick on the teachers. They bought some chickens and set them free in our school cafeteria. The chickens ran all round the school, in and out of classrooms and under our feet. Feathers were flying everywhere. Teachers began running after the chickens, trying to catch them. Finally, they caught four of them. But the chickens were wearing numbered tags   around their necks, and the teachers discovered that they had only caught chickens No.1, 2, 3, and 5.Where was chicken No.4? The teachers looked and looked. They couldn't find another chicken. After a few hours, they realized that the students had played another joke on them: There were only four chickens in the first place! They've been tricked by the numbers on the chickens. It's been a long time since I was in high school, but that April Fool's Day remains one of my favorite memories from those years. \n Answer: They wanted to play a trick on teachers.",
            "output": [
                "Why did students set chickens free?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-271966eeff79493ea1a4d39faf68ca10",
            "input": "Article: My wife and I have always been friendly with the clerks at the local convenience store. I don't think many people appreciate what a difficult job these folks have. They work for a little over minimum wage and I often wonder how they make ends meet. One of the clerks, Charlie, was always wearing his glasses but he didn't one day. I asked him about it and he said they'd been out of order and that he couldn't afford a new pair. His family needed money. It was obvious that he was having a difficult time. We wanted to help him, so we turned to our own eye doctor for assistance with a plan. We had his secretary contact him, asking him to come in for an eye exam for free. We told the doctor to let him order whatever glasses he wanted and that we would pay for them. Although Charlie questioned what was going on, the doctor just told him that someone had offered the money for his new glasses. When we went in to pay the bill, the doctor told us he was so touched by our idea that he _ the exam fee and only charged us for half the price of the glasses! It was so wonderful to see Charlie in her new glasses and he enjoyed telling all the regular customers how the gift came about. I'm sure that upon hearing her story, ideas of kindness may have emerged in the minds of many. \n Answer: His old glasses were broken.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the clerk Charlie wear glasses one day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c909ab7da03945c48ca1210c63932759",
            "input": "Article: We can't help but grow older physically, but we can stay young in other ways. Do you want to stay young? If yes is the answer, here is what you can do: 1. _ . This includes age, weight and height. Let the doctor worry about them. That is why you pay him/her. 2. Keep only cheerful friends. The grouches  pull you down. 3. Keep learning. Learn more about the computer, gardening, whatever. Never let the brain idle. \"An idle mind is the devil's workshop.\" 4.Enjoy the simple things. When the children are young, that is all that you can afford. When they are in college, that is all you can afford. When you are on retirement, that is all you can afford! 5. Laugh often, long and loud. Laugh until you gasp for breath. Laugh so much that you can be tracked in the store by your distinctive laughter. 6. Surround yourself with what you love, whether it is family, pets, keepsakes, music, plants, or hobbies, whatever. Your home is your refuge. 7. Value your health. If it is good, preserve it. If it is unstable, improve it. If it is beyond what you can improve, get help. 8. The tears happen. Endure sorrow, and move on. The only person who is with us our entire life, is ourselves. Be alive while you are alive. 9. At every opportunity, tell the people you love that you love them. \n Answer: We needn't worry about the children and our late life.",
            "output": [
                "What is the fourth advice meant to tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-38bd4041d36248f6b875c3df190ee210",
            "input": "Article: As a young girl, Margaret \"Mattie\" Knight never played with dolls, preferring to make toys for her brothers instead. In 1849, Knight went to work in a cotton factory where she witnessed a \"shuttle,\" a device that carries thread back and forth across a textile loom , fly off the machine when the thread broke, striking and killing a young boy about her own age. The 12-year-old Knight developed a safety mechanism that made it impossible for a shuttle to leave the loom. The design was so effective, soon virtually every new power loom carried her invention, saving countless workers from injury or death. Being so young, she didn't bother to patent the device, so she never received payment. Knight wouldn't make the same mistake later in life when she invented a machine that could produce flat-bottomed paper bags. Knight had built a small wooden model in her home, but she needed a metal version to show it could hold up to the stress of mass production. So she hired Charles Annan to make the full-sized machine for her, only to have him try to claim the patent for himself. When Knight sued , Annan's argument was that the design had to be his, because no woman could possibly understand the complex mechanics. Knight proved him wrong when she brought back her wooden prototype and explained how every part worked. She won the case in 1871, making her the second woman to hold an American patent. Over a hundred years later, her design is still used as the basis for many modern flat-bottom bag machines. But that wasn't the last the world heard of Mattie Knight. During her lifetime, she made about 90 inventions and received 26 patents, becoming one of the most productive female inventors of the 19th century. \n Answer: It reduced injuries at textile plants.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Knight's first invention?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e4d6212f3704607be36e62290fbb032",
            "input": "Article: Bobby was sitting out in his back yard in the snow. The thin sneakers he wore had a few holes in them. Try as he might, he could not come up with an idea for his mother's Christmas gift. Ever since his father had passed away three years ago, his mother worked nights at the hospital, but the small wage could only be stretched so far. What the family lacked in money and material things, they more than made up for in love and family unity. They ran the household in their mother's absence. All three of his sisters had already made beautiful gifts for their mother. It was Christmas Eve already, and he had nothing. Bobby started to walk down to the street. He walked from shop to shop. Everything seemed so beautiful and so out of reach. It was starting to get dark, then suddenly his eyes caught a shiny dime. Never has anyone felt so wealthy as Bobby did at that moment. He went inside a flower shop. When the owner asked if he could help him, Bobby presented the dime and asked if he could buy one flower. The shop owner looked at Bobby, then said, \"You just wait here and I'll see what I can do for you.\" The shop owner returned holding red roses all tied together with a big silver bow. Bobby's heart sank as the owner placed them gently into a long white box. \"That will be ten cents, young man,\" said the shop owner, reaching out his hand for the dime. Slowly, Bobby moved his hand to give the man his dime. Then the shopkeeper's wife appeared. \"Where are the roses you were fixing?\" The shop owner replied, \"A strange thing happened to me this morning. I thought I heard a voice telling me to set aside a dozen of my best roses for a special gift. I wasn't sure at the time whether I had lost my mind or what, but I set them aside anyway. When I saw that little boy tonight, I knew who that voice was.\" \n Answer: Because he didn't know what to do.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Bobby walk along the street?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5f1fb74d10c049d1b91921647bd0ed06",
            "input": "Article: Marketing Professionals A major US corporation in the health and nutritional  industry has announced the opening of its direct selling  division in Taiwan. The company offers the most lucrative compensation  plan in the industry and has paid over NTD   3.5  billion in commissions in just 6 years in the US.We are a  group of top earners. Applicants should meet the requirements: (1)Taiwan citizen (2)Have experience in marketing (3)Aggressive,energetic,and willing to learn If you believe you have what it takes to develop this business,please dial 27426996. Job B An international company requires a Service Technician To   service   and  maintain   electronic   medical  equipment,applicants should have degree in electronics.The selected candidate will have a training program to be  conducted  by  our  manufacturer's  trained  technical personnel. Interested candidates please apply immediately with a resume  and mail to P.O.Box 594.Or telephone Ms Chang at 2945-0027 for an immediate interview. , Job C Wanted:Reporters & Editors Qualifications: * Strong command of English language * Chinese speaking and reading ability a must * A university degree * Journalism education and/or experience preferred * Flexible working hours( 30 hours per week) * Good work environment and medical insurance,etc. Fax resume and work samples,if any,to The China Post at(03) 25957952. , Job D Southeastern Travel Services Tour Guides Duties:To conduct escorted tours  for foreign visitors;to assist  with  travel   and   transportation arrangements. Qualifications:Good appearance.High school diploma. Good knowledge of English.Outgoing personality. Dial 27032172 after 3:00 pm.Ask for Gary. , \n Answer: Some marketing experience.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is required for marketing professionals?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f8e570605bc452f9fe9ccbb6f1cdfe8",
            "input": "Article: So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species  ,and that's just a small part of what probably exists on Earth.With so many plants,animals,fungi,and other organisms covering the planet,it can be tough to figure out what type of spider is crawling up your leg or what kind of bird just flew by.  A soon-to-be-launched Website might help.An international team of researchers has announced the creation of a Web -- based Encyclopedia of Life (EOL).The project aims to catalogue every species on Earth in a single,easy-to-use reference guide.  To get the encyclopedia started,the creators will use information from scientific databases that already exist.And eventually,in special sections of the site,nonscientists with specialized knowledge will join.Gardeners,for example,will be able to record the dates that their flowers first bloom each year.Bird-watchers will be able to input which birds they've seen and where.The technology for this kind of tool has only recently become available.  As the EOL develops, you might find it useful for school projects.The site will have special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems in their neighborhoods.To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate,scientists will review much of the information added to it.People who visit the site will be able to choose to skip pages that haven't been reviewed.  Another convenient characteristic of the EOL is that you'11 be able to pick the level of detail you see to match your interests,age,and current knowledge. If you wanted to learn about polar bears for a science class report,for example,you could use the  _ setting to get basic information about the animals.On the \"expert\" setting,on the other hand.you could get much more detailed information about the history,literature,and exploration of polar bears.  It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species.The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed that process.  Keep an eye on  _ .Pages will begin to go up sometime next year,and you might find them useful for your school reports.The EOL team might have the basics for all 1.8 million entries online as early as 2017.Someday,you might add your own notes. \n Answer: Nonscientists will be able to add their own notes to the website.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b578733f11bf4144a6e9b2ad50f70f5e",
            "input": "Article: Young people frequently say that they want to exercise, but they just can't find the time. The solution just might be in-office interval training. Recent studies show that very short but intense exercise rapidly builds and maintains fitness and health, even when the workout is only a few minutes long. Work the stairs You can complete an excellent, effective -- and very brief -- workout in an office stairwell, says Martin Gibala, a professor of kinesiology at McMaster University in Canada and an expert on interval training. For a study that he and his colleagues presented earlier this year, they asked 12 out-of-shape women in their 20s to warm up for two minutes by slowly walking up and down stairs in a campus office building. They completed three of these abbreviated stair workouts per week for six weeks. By the end, their aerobic fitness had improved substantially, the researchers reported, by about as much as if they had been running or cycling each week for hours. Fidget your way to fitness. Parents and teachers may once have urged you to sit still, but wiggling, tapping your toes, standing briefly, and otherwise fidgeting as much as possible at your desk is in fact good for your body. In one recent study, college students showed healthier blood flow in their lower legs if they fidgeted than if they did not. Even better, a 2008 study found that among office workers, those who frequently fidgeted burned as many as 300 calories more each day than those who resolutely stayed still. \n Answer: several ways to work out within short time",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly want to tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4953007d884b46ce9783b41e774a040d",
            "input": "Article: Microwaves may be great at warming up food, but what about warming people? Using microwaves to directly heat owners of a room would save much of the energy wasted by heating walls and furniture. And despite popular ideas about microwaves, this technique would be safe, according to Charles R. Burlier of the Microwave Research Center in Marlborough, New Hampshire. Low-power microwaves only penetrate   the skin (low-power microwave penetration in a ham is about 0.2 inches, for example) and with no negative effects. To test this idea, Buffler subjected himself to microwaves in a special room using a standard 500-watt, 2459 MHz magnetron  . He found that a person will start to feel warmth at about 20 milliwatts per square centimeter (mw. / sq. cm. ) ; a satisfactory feeling of warmth occurs between 35 and 50mw. / sq. cm. By comparison, a person standing in noonday summer sun feels the amount of 85 mw. / sq. cm. And a frozen meat pie in your microwave oven receives about 1000 mw. / sq. cm. In houses of the future, each room could be provided with its own magnetron, says Buffler. When you stepped into the living room, for example, a motion detector  would turn on the magnetron, filling the room with low-power microwaves. In the same way that a microwave oven heats up a hamburger, but not the plate it's on, you would feel warmth from the microwaves without changing the temperature of your coffee table. (You could, however, make your favorite easy chair even more comfortable by treating it with a radiation-absorbing chemical.) While it might be some time before homeowners are comfortable enough with the idea to set up whole-body microwave heaters in houses, Buffler says microwaves may attract livestock  farmers. Lambs that are born outdoors in winter, for example, are frequently lost to cold. Microwaves could warm the lambs safely and quickly. \n Answer: A new heating system.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can tell the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3cd37bbb92e6461297500b4a6e364b70",
            "input": "Article: A few years ago, Paul Gerner began to gather a group of architects in Las Vegas to ask them what it would take to design a public school that used 50 percent less energy, cost much less to build and obviously improved student learning. \"I think half of them fell off their chairs,\" Gerner says. Gerner manages school facilities  for Clark County, Nevada, a district roughly the size of Massachusetts. By 2018, 143,000 additional students will enter the already crowded public-education system. Gerner needs 73 new schools to house them. Four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary school prototypes  ; they plan to construct their schools starting in 2009. The district will then assess how well the schools perform, and three winners will copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings. Green schools are appearing all over, but in Clark County, which stands out for its vastness, such aggressive targets are difficult because design requirements like more natural light for students go against the realities of a desert climate. \"One of the biggest challenges is getting the right site orientation ,\" Mark. McGinty, a director at SH Architecture, says. His firm recently completed a high school in Las Vegas. \"You have the same building, same set of windows, but if its orientation is incorrect and it faces the sun, it will be really expensive to cool.\" Surprisingly, the man responsible for one of re most progressive green-design competitions has doubts about ideas of eco-friendly buildings. \"I don't believe in the new green religion,\" Gerner says. \"Some of the building technologies that you get are impractical. I'm interested in those that work.\" But he wouldn't mind if some green features inspire students. He says he hopes to set up green energy systems that allow them to learn about the process of harvesting wind and solar power. \"You never know what's going to start the interest of a child to study math and science,\" he says. \n Answer: they showed strong disbelief.",
            "output": [
                "How did the architects react to Gerner's design requirements?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e9ed533093f4280a528626bfdf618db",
            "input": "Article: Once in a blue moon,  there is one on New Year's Eve. Revelers ringing in 2010 will be treated to a so-called blue moon. According to popular definition, a blue moon is the second full moon in a month. But don't expect it to be blue - the name has nothing to do with the color of our closest celestial  neighbor. A full moon occurred on December 2. It will appear again on Thursday in time for the New Year's countdown. The New Year's Eve blue moon will be visible in the United States, Canada, Europe, South America and Africa. For partygoers in Australia and Asia, the full moon does not show up until New Year's Day, making January a blue moon month for them. A full moon occurs every 29.5 days, and most years have 12. On average, an extra full moon in a month - a blue moon - occurs every 2.5 years. The last time there was a lunar double take was in May 2007. New Year's Eve blue moons are rarer, occurring every 19 years. The last time was in 1990; the next one won't come again until 2028. \"Blue moons have no astronomical significance,\" said Greg Laughlin, an astronomer at the University of California. \"`Blue moon' is just a name in the same sense as a `hunter's moon'(a full moon in octorber) or a `harvest moon,'\" Laughlin said in an e-mail. The popular definition of blue moon came about after a writer for Sky & Telescope magazine in 1946 misinterpreted the Maine Farmer's Almanac and labeled a blue moon as the second full moon in a month. In fact, the almanac  defined a blue moon as the third full moon in a season with four full moons. \n Answer: golden",
            "output": [
                "What's the color of blue moon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af35683dc7044e598d283507475db2e3",
            "input": "Article: \"Everybody loves a bargain.\" One person's useless, ugly, or broken object can be another person's bargain. That is why so many Americans do not throw things away. They put them outside their houses. They put on a \"For Sale\" sign. And, as simple as that, they have a yard sale. The sellers put a paid announcement in a local newspaper. It tells when and where the yard sale will take place. These sales are very popular during weekends in spring, summer, and autumn. Early in the morning, all the things to be sold are carried out of the house. Then they sit all day in the sunlight---like tired guests at a party---waiting for someone to take them home. Just about anything can be sold at a yard sale. Sometimes, there are more clothes than anything else. Cooking equipment is also popular. So are old toys, tools, books, tables and chairs. Then there are objects called \"white elephants\". A white elephant is something you think is extremely ugly or useless. It may be an electric light shaped like a fish. You feel a sharp pain whenever you look at it. To someone else, however, it might be a thing of beauty and joy. Some people go to yard sales to find a special thing that they collect. It may be old toy trains, for example, or painting of dogs. Experts say more Americans are collecting old things now than ever before. Most people who go to yard sales, however, are not looking for anything special. They might buy an object simply because it costs so little. They enjoy negotiating  over prices, even if they really do not need the object. Later, they may hold their own yard to sell all the things they have bought. \n Answer: Things people no longer use.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of things will go to a yard sale?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c487b344260b45a5a8a09de50672a70b",
            "input": "Article: As my bride of many years greeted me one evening, her voice was heard through the door, \"Guess what?\"  I always take a deep breath on this very leading question. \"What?\" I asked.  \"I just won a sales contest at work and the prize is dinner for two at the new fancy restaurant down by the river front!\" Her excitement was inspiring. We knew the restaurant was superior because we could only understand parts of the menu. \"See? I told you there would be a place for me to wear my new spring outfit,\" she shyly reminded me. \"Two can play at that game,\" I responded. \"I will wear my gray suit, my Borsalino imported straw hat and a new silk tie. We will be dressed very well. This town will never be the same. Almost like our first date.\" It was early spring and nearing dusk as the head waiter showed us to a table by a window, with a view of the river. The table was beautifully set, with a smoke-gray tablecloth decorated by bright red napkins, lemon slices in the long-stemmed water glasses, fresh flowers. A delicious meal served in such an atmosphere should be remembered a long time. As it turned out, this would probably never be forgotten. As the shadows lengthened, the riverboats rocking in the river, I murmured, \"Why don't we walk down the path like we did in Paris a few years ago? Remember the fun we had?\" Hand in hand, we walked by the stores. People smiled and nodded. Lots of smiling and nodding, in fact. \"I never realized there were so many friendly people as we have seen this evening, dear,\" I observed. \"Probably your new straw hat. Or the fact that you're such a handsome guy,\" she answered.  We completed the walking tour past the store windows. After acknowledging many smiles, we found ourselves back at the restaurant, looking at our reflection in the window. It was then that I saw the reason for all the smiles. Caught in the fly  of my trousers and hanging down for all to see was a bright red napkin from the restaurant! \n Answer: To make readers laugh.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author write the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e70d9e13d2554bfba31dd6337af8c08a",
            "input": "Article: I had to knock on the taxi to get his attention. Finally, the driver, a man about 60, looked up from behind the wheel and apologized, \"I'm sorry, but I was reading a letter.\" He sounded as if he had a cold or a cough. Since I was in no hurry, I told him to finish his letter. He shook his head, explaining that he had already read it several times and almost knew it by heart. Curious, I asked whether it was from a child or maybe a grandchild. \"This isn't family,\" he replied. \"Though he might just as well have been a regular member of the family, Old Ed and I grew up together.\" They were always friends. But since he moved away from the neighborhood 30 years ago, it'd generally just been postcards at Christmas time between them. A couple of weeks ago, Ed died. \"I should have kept in touch.\" He repeated this, more to himself than to me. To comfort him, I said sometimes we just didn't seem to find the time. \"But we used to find the time,\" he said. \"Take a look.\" He handed the letter over to me. The first sentence \"I've been meaning to write for some time, but I've always delayed it.\" reminded me of myself. It went on to say that he often thought about the good times they had had together. When I read the part where it said \"Your friendship really means a lot to me, more than I can say because I'm not good at saying things like that\", I found myself nodding in agreement. We had gone several kilometers and were almost at my hotel, so I read the last paragraph: \"So I thought you'd like to know that I was thinking of you.\" And it was ended with \"Your Old Friend, Tom.\" \"I thought your friend's name was Ed,\" I said. \"I'm Tom,\" he explained. \"It's a letter I wrote to Ed before I knew he'd died. I never put it in the mailbox. I guess I should have written it sooner.\" His face was pale as he wiped his eyes with a handkerchief. When I got to my hotel room I didn't unpack right away. I had to write a letter and post it. \n Answer: Tom",
            "output": [
                "Who wrote the letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c0b954c050a2440a95781e7e77ed5899",
            "input": "Article: It's not easy growing up. Growing up can be a real \"pain\" for some of us. Sometimes we feel trapped, sometimes we feel sad, sometimes we are fearful, and sometimes we just don't understand why we can't stay young forever. But we should take a look back on all the hardships in life with a positive attitude and learn from them. We must overcome every obstacle one small step at a time. We should realize that all of our growing pains actually turn into growing gains! Throughout our lives we are going to face many challenges and pains, but we should never let these _ keep us from following our dreams. We must overcome every obstacle one small step at a time. As a young girl, my parents forced me to do so many things that I didn't like. They made me learn to play the violin and then the piano. At that time I hated music and I also hated them. But looking back now, I am so glad that my parents encouraged me to take music lessons. Music hasenriched  my life in so many ways. I now realize that my parents and teachers wanted me to have a better life than they did themselves. We are all going to experience growing pains, but they are just part of our life. They might seem so huge at the time, but we must be strong. Think about how we would feel if we had no challenges and lived a life like that. Life would be really boring and meaningless. The future is ours! A little hard work and sweat never hurt anyone! If we realize that these pains are just smallbumps  on our road to success, we will realize that our growing pains are actually growing gains! \n Answer: She is grateful",
            "output": [
                "How does the author now feel when remembering what her parents did for her in the past?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eac0fe322f544c81b4f4ba2341fbbab3",
            "input": "Article: A recent survey by the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) found that about a third of nurses inprefix = st1 /UKplanned to give up their jobs in the next two years because of the amount of worries and unhappiness with their pay.    Among those under 40, the percentage of nurses planning to leave their employers increased from 32% in 2005 to 36% in 2007. The survey also found that 71% of nurses believed they could be paid more for less effort if they left nursing, compared to 60% in 1997.    The research was published as the RCN hosted a meeting for nurse leaders to deal with the growing concerns of the nurses.    Josie Irwin, an RCN expert, said, \" Many nurses say that changes in junior doctors' hours have resulted in an increase in their workload. Nurses are under more and more pressure.\"    Ms Irwin added, \"Only 22% of all nurses disagree that they are under too much pressure.\"    She also said that 27% of nurses had a second job, with the main reason that they needed some extra income.    \"Nurses have made it clear that while they enjoy their work, they have more to do than ever and are not being paid enough to do it.\" She added. \" For this reason, the RCN is calling for a pay increase for nurses to bring their pay into line with others.\"    The survey of 4,795 nurses found that some important changes to the profession had taken place in recent years. The average age of the nurses questioned was 42 ---compared to an average of 33 in 1987. The RCN said that the age increase was because people were now becoming nurses later. In the 1960s, the average age of a nurse on the completion of training was 21, but over the last 5 years it has been an average of 29. \n Answer: Nurses in UKtend to be older in age than before.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUEaccording to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1a3318d7ce32477596392d3f35b21eea",
            "input": "Article: Mr. Baker lived in an old and low house. His wife was blind in both eyes and the two children were very young. All his family often went hungry(.) He had nothing but a small piece of field. One autumn he grew some wheat in his field. He hoped it would do well because all family would depend on it. The whole winter it often snowed. And the next spring the wheat was doing well. Mr. Baker was happy. One day Mr. Baker went to watch his wheat. To his surprise, a lot of crops were eaten up by a horse. He became angry but could not find out whose horse had eaten them. He thought the horse would go there again. So he decided to stay in his field and tried to catch the horse. A few days later a yellow horse came in his field again and began to eat the wheat. Mr. Baker ran after it quickly, with a stick in his hand. But the beast ran much faster than he. He tried his best, but could not catch up with it. The next morning, when Mr. Baker was working in his field, he saw the yellow horse pulling carriage on the road. He picked up a stick at once, ran closer to the horse and began to beat it up. The driver was surprised and stopped him. He asked, \"Why are you beating my horse?\" \"It has nothing to do with you, \" Mr. Baker said angrily. \"The beast knows why I'm beating him!\" \n Answer: A farmer",
            "output": [
                "What was Mr. Baker?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fd481ba78db047c4995200ea4b236fb0",
            "input": "Article: Though \"nanometer\" is now a fashionable term all over the world,few people know exactly what it is.It has become a new favorite of manufacturers and sellers in recent years.Many \"high-tech\" products bearing the name \"nano\" have entered the market,bringing more mysterious feeling to surprised consumers. Nanometer is a very small length unit of measure,and is very small.One millimeter is 1000 micrometers,and one micrometer is 1000 nanometers.That is,one nanometer is one billionth of a meter.Nano materials are solid materials composed of particles or crystallites of less than 100 nanometer in size.Then,is a cup made of nano material really any different from an ordinary cup in function as far as how it works? Are nano cups really so wonderful?A reporter went to the Institute of Nanomedicine,which is the first such institute of such a sort in the world and the only one in China,specializing in researching the investigation  of the application of nano technology into medicine. Ji(director Institute of Nanomedicine): A water molecule is composed of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.It can be alterchanged only by special manipulation of the atoms.The material constituting the cup can have a nanometer particles size of the nano level.But it cannot change the chemical and physical properties of the water contained in it.The water in the cup is still water.When people drink it,it will produce no special effect on human body. Prof.Ji told the reporter,so far,the investigation of nano materials is still confined in the laboratory.No commercial micro products can be produced yet.With the present level of science and technology,the time of everyday goods age of daily use articles made of nanometer materials is still years away. The commodities labeled with nano marks in the market now are only traditional products coated with a thin layer of nanometer material,which makes them _ . Prof.Ji explained that nano cup is a real cup.It can also be included in the list of nano products in a certain sense.But the nano cup has not changed its property and function as a cup.It is not a magical medicine for curing and health care. \n Answer: nanometer<micrometer<millimeter<meter",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following shows the right relationship?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5a782017decc4e7b8e40f7dd2e62b050",
            "input": "Article: An 18-year-old girl Anna Meier from Austria is taking her parents to court for posting over 500 photos of her on Facebook since 2009,without her permission. Anna has apparently become fed up with her parents' refusal to take down the embarrassing photos of her at an early age,and is now seeking justice in court.She told the magazine that even though she was 11 years old when her parents started sharing her photos with several hundreds of Facebook friends,they went as far as to post pictures of her as a baby,without ever asking if it was alright with her.\"They knew no shame and no limit--and didn't care whether it was a picture of me sitting on the toilet or lying naked in my bed--every stage was photographed and then made public,\"the girl said. The girl added that she was only able to see the photos posted on Facebook by her parents  when she was 14,after setting up her own account on it.Again and again,Anna asked her parents to remove the photos of her immediately,but they refused.Angry and upset,she felt that she had no other way but to take them to court,which she did as soon as she turned 18 this year.\"I'm tired of not being taken seriously by my parents,\"she said. Anna's lawyer claims they have a good chance of winning the case in court,if it can be  proven that the images have violated  her rights to a personal life.But,based on similar cases and according to Austrian privacy laws,if the parents lose,they may be forced to pay their daughter a fine of EUR 3,000 to EUR10,000. But Anna's parents,however,see nothing wrong with posting baby photos of her.\"I consider it my right to publish these photos,\"her father said. \"We have posted no more photos of our daughter since she stopped allowing us to photograph her.We also have baby photos of her that can only be seen by a limited group of 700 Facebook friends.\" It's reported that Anna has moved out of her parents' home and is living with some girls in a rented apartment. \n Answer: Anna started to ask her parents to remove 500 photos at 11.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-35c779e2242f42a18fe091ba9eaf2f8b",
            "input": "Article: _ .The old English language, or old English, is quite different from Modern English.If we do not study old English, we can't understand it.Some of the words are the same, but many are not used now.The story of the English language begins some time after the year 400 AD.At this time, some people came to England from North-west Europe.There were many groups of people.They were called Angles  , Saxons and Jutes ,whose language, old English, is like some of the modern language of North-West Europe.In old English, the ending had many meanings.They showed past time and present time and many other things.In Modern English, most of these endings are gone.This is the biggest difference between Old and Modern English. \n Answer: English is a language that has changed a lot as time passes by.",
            "output": [
                "What does the first sentence of the passage mean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c4c6db1134874d679c130b9a278072fc",
            "input": "Article: Last night I had a terrible nightmare. I imagined that I was falling between the walls of a deep valley. I was screaming as the ground rushed towards me. I was sure that I was going to die. Suddenly, I was awake, sweaty but amazingly alive. I was angry with myself.  According to popular stories I am to blame for the bad dream. I had eaten a big piece of cheese before bedtime. Cheese, says folk stories, causes nightmares. One minute I'm eating a piece of cheddar (a kind of cheese), the next _ 'm falling through a canyon  . It's not just folk stories that suggests Roquefort and Red Leicester (two types of cheese) give you nightmares. Scientists seem to agree. Cheese contains a substance that makes our bodies produce a chemical called serotonin. Serotonin slows down the heart and so our blood slows down around our bodies. When we're awake, this can lead to headaches. When we're asleep this gives us strong dreams. Cheese is also hard to digest and may make us sleep badly. We are more likely to wake during deep sleep and remember any dreams or nightmares. Don't think that removing cheese from your late night meals will stop the nightmares. Bananas, chocolate and tomatoes all have the same effect. \n Answer: Bad dreams may have a cheese explanation.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b29533f76754ed0b0eb8f0dca11fff9",
            "input": "Article: Have you eaten too much over the holidays? You should try fidgeting for a while. Those around you might not like it, but scratching (moving your nails against a part of your body) and twitching (moving suddenly and quickly when you don't want to) is an important way of burning up calories .  American researchers have found that some people's squirming (continuously turn your body when nervous) and wigging (move in small movements, especially from side to side) equals several miles of slow running each day.  The scientists, based at the National Institute of Health's laboratory in Phenix, Arizona, are studying why some people get fat and other stay slim.   In one study 177 people each spent 24 hours in a room in the institute where the amount of energy is measured by their oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. By the end of the day, some people had burned up 800 calories in toe-tapping, (moving the front part of your foot up and down) finger-drumming (hitting your fingers continuously and lightly against something hard) and other nervous habits. However, others had burned up only 100 calories.   The researchers found that slim women fidget more than fat women, but there was no significant difference in men. Heavy people burn up more energy when they fidget than thin people do. \n Answer: moving one's body nervously",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be used to explain the meaning of \"fidgeting\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-125bc8ab9a604de287a29ecc77b142c2",
            "input": "Article: A New Headphone The answer to a very great noise may not be blocking it out with earplugs but taking that noise and bearing it as its own game.     Earplugs have been the simple but effective way to stop noise affecting your mind, but their shortcoming is that they also block out sounds you may want or need to hear, such as music or someone talking to you.     The answer to this problem is \" active noise cancellation \" headphones that are made up of a microphone and electronics  that take all background low-frequency   noise, turn the sound waves upside down and rebroadcast them into your ears.      The result is that all the unwanted noises around are blocked out.     In effect, one set of electronically produced around wave has sucked away the unwanted sound waves of noise.     Stand next to a busy road wearing the noise cancellation headphones and the traffic noise disappears. Sit in an airplane and the engine noise dies away. In a noisy office, the noise of office equipment, people and air-conditioning is gone. You can still , however, hear music or people talking because that sound does not have a regular pattern and so the device   does not block it. \n Answer: To wear a headphone.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best way to keep out the unwanted noise?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-db9d6697015543158a6fd79ce34af207",
            "input": "Article: Spanish explorers called them Las Encantadas, the Enchanted Isles, and Charles Darwin used his studies of the islands as the foundation for his theory of natural selection. The Galapagos are among the world's most important scientific treasures, a group of volcanic islands surrounded by deserted beaches and inhabited by unique varieties of giant tortoise, lizards, and birds. Yet life on this United Nations world heritage site has turned sour. Battles have broken out between fishermen and conservationists. Ecuador, which owns the islands, has sent a naval patrol   to put down disturbances. The controversial director of the Galapagos National Park--which controls 97 percent of Galapagos land and the reserve extending to 40 miles offshore--has been fired, while an air of uneasy tension hangs over the islands, as the islanders prepare for election when they pick their representatives in Ecuador's national assembly. \"It's a very tense situation,\" said Leonor Stjepic, director of the London-based Galapagos Conservation Trust, which raises money to help projects on the islands. \"We are watching it with concern.\" The violence has been triggered by an alarming growth in the islands' population. Puerto Ayora, on Santa Cruz island, housed just 45 inhabitants in the 50s. Today there are more than 10,000, while the islands' total population is more than 19,000 and growing by 6 percent a year, despite recently introduced a law to limit waves of immigrants fleeing the poor areas of Ecuador for a life \"in paradise  \". On top of _ , more than 100,000 tourists visit the islands every year. Such numbers have put the islands, special ecology under intense pressure. Conservationists backed by the Ecuador government, have replied by exercising strict controls to protect the islands* iguanas, blue-footed boobies, and giant tortoises. These moves have angered many local people, however. They want to exploit   the islands' waters and catch its protected species of sharks, lobsters and sea cucumbers, which can fetch high prices in Japan and South Korea. Angry fishermen surrounded the Charles Darwin research station on Santa Cruz last February, threatened to kill Lonesome George--the last surviving member of the Pinta Island species of the Galapagos giant tortoise. The situation got improved after the Ecuador government made concessions   by increasing fishing quotas  , which angered conservationists. \"It is tragic, the short-term gain of a few fishermen versus the long-term survival of the Galapagos,\" said John McCosker of the California Academy of Sciences. \"They are killing the golden goose.\" Then, the Ecuador government appointed Fausto Cepeda as the national park's new director, a post that has become a political football for the mainland government. There have been nine directors in the past 18 months. This appointment was particularly controversial, however. Cepeda was known to have close ties with the fishing industry, and the rangers  ,who run the national park and reserve, rebelled. More than 300 staged a sit-in at the park's headquarters and prevented Cepeda from taking up his post. A battle broke out, and at least two people suffered serious injuries. Eventually, Cepeda--with the fishermen's help- entered the park. \"I am in office, i am in control. And I am trying to lower the tension,\" he announced. The Ecuador government _ , and sent a patrol boat to maintain the peace. A few days later, Ecuador Environment Minister Fabian Valdivicso met representatives of rangers. After discussions, he told newspapers that he had decided to remove Cepeda from the post. However, as the population continues to rise, the long-term pressures on the islands are serious and will not disappear that easily. \"We have to balance its special environment with the needs of local people. In that sense, it is a microcosm   for all the other threatened parts of the world. So getting it right here is going to be a very, very important trick to pull off,\" said Stjepic. \n Answer: He based his theory on his studies there.",
            "output": [
                "How significant were the islands for Charles Darwin?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8441da3844c841d2adbf430b7a380411",
            "input": "Article: There's a story told about an elderly lady in Arkansas.The state voted to increase welfare payments to the poor.Hoping for a tear-jerker story,a television interviewer went into the back hills where many welfare recipients lived. The old woman he chose to interview lived in a one-room shack :cold in winter;hot in summer.Her bed was a few rough planks nailed together,with a pine-needle mattress.A couple thin blankets,and a fireplace,did little to protect her from the cold. Her furniture,a table and two chairs,were fashioned from the same rough wood as her bed.Some shelves held a few cans of food from the general store.a three mile walk down the road.Several jars of preserves and a few squash completed her larder . She had no fridge or freezer.The fireplace provided heat for cooking.With no phone or television her only connection with the outside world was an old radio that pulled in two or three local stations on a good day. The old woman had one convenience, running water.A crystal clear stream.flowed a short distance behind her home. A small garden near her back door provided fresh vegetables during the summer,and some squash and turnips for the winter.A tidy flower garden brightened the front of her house. The television crew arrived and set up their big expensive cameras.Their mobile station. broadcast pictures of the woman and the place she called home. Eventually the interviewer asked the old woman,\"If the government gave you $200 more each month,what would you do with it?\" Without hesitation the woman replied,\"I'd give it to the poor.\" \n Answer: From a stream.",
            "output": [
                "How did the woman get water?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87457cb72702428faea3df277dd24136",
            "input": "Article: Most gift-giving shows nothing more than the spirit of love and friendship.But it is possible to form some associations between the kinds of things bought and the people who buy them.     Clothing    The clothes you wear tell something about your personality.They tell the world not only how you want to be seen but how you see yourself as well. When someone gives you something to wear that corresponds to your self-image,they're saying,\"I agree with you.I like you the way you are.\"Such a gift should be taken as a form of compliment.On the other hand,a gift of clothing that does not match your personality could be an insult to your character .     Expensive gifts   Naturally, some gifts like jewelry will be more expensive than others.But some people give higher priced gifts than necessary for the situation.Someone who gives an expensive gift often feels that he should receive more praise than if he had given a less expensive gift.Therefore he is giving himself a gift,too status.      Homemade gifts   Making something by hand has become the exception in many countries today--so much so that giving a homemade gift is sometimes considered extraordinary.If you receive a homemade gift,you're lucky.It may no.t be made perfectly, but it will show a certain quality of love.No matter what the results of the homemade gift look like,remember it's  the thought that counts.          Books  People who gives books as gifts either like reading or would like everyone to think they do.A good way to know this is to find out whether or not the giver bought the book according to how large it is.If you happen to receive a large heavy book, its giver may be much more interested in the way things appear than in the way they actually are. Anyhow, giving a book can be a way of sharing a feeling or a newly learned meaning.The giver is probably trying to say to you what the books aid to him. \n Answer: Gift-giving may reveal the giver's  personality in some way,",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc020f7f66334d10873bc5beaf623fee",
            "input": "Article: At about 4 am, after hours of being unable to sleep, of shivering in the cold mountain air and trying to silence my crying kids who kept waking up, of attempting to find a comfortable sleeping position, of listening to whether there might have been a bear outside our tent, I finally couldn't stand it any more. I complained, \"Everything has gone wrong.\" My wife and I were in one tent with our two young kids. A hundred yards east away was Summit Lake, where the glorious early morning mist was shimmering off the water. A couple miles to the southwest was the base of the Lassen Peak Trail. The base was 8,000 feet above sea level, and huge snow dotted the scenery even in mid August. Further west still was Bumpass Hell, with steam rising up. As the sun crept up over the edge of the Lassen peak, we fired up the camp stove and had breakfast. Half an hour later, my six-year-old daughter and I were in the parking lot of the Lassen peak trail, getting ready to go up the mountainside. We wouldn't make it all the way, but it didn't matter. We would see nature at its extremes: the volcanic ash that layered on the earth turning the melting snow a mysterious pink as the sun struck it; the blues of the sky shading into the blues of distant lakes, which in turn shaded into the whites and grays of the snow. My daughter grabbed my camera. She wanted to take a photo of \"the composite \"of _ . Looking out over that scenery, and seeing my daughter fascinated by nature, I felt stupid about my morning complaints. Yes, camping is uncomfortable. And yes, there's a lot to be said for getting out a credit card,reserving a room in a nice hotel, and going out for a fancy meal. But there's also something wonderful about being so close to raw nature. And , as important, there's something vital about getting young children out of their increasingly modern comfort zones and forcing them to meet the world around them. \n Answer: Regretful-Satisfied.",
            "output": [
                ".How did the author's feeling change from the beginning to the end ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5756ccd2b8ab41e9936f2f6b621d3cb6",
            "input": "Article: Are you a saver or a spender? \"A penny saved is a penny earned.\" This old saying calls attention to the wisdom of saving money. \" _ \" is another way to talk about saving for the future. People who hate to spend money are known as \"tightwads,\" while those who like to get the most value for their money are called \"thrifty.\" A thrifty person is different from a \"spendthrift.\" A spendthrift is someone who spends wastefully. People like that are often said to spend money \"like a drunken sailor\" or \"like there's no tomorrow.\" In the United States, people who want to start a savings account have different choices of where to put their money. These include banks and credit unions. Credit unions are cooperatives for people who have some kind of connection. For example, the members might work for a university or a government agency. Most credit unions are nonprofit organizations. Credit unions, banks and other financial institutions pay interest on savings accounts. But the interest rates are low. Certificates of deposit  pay higher returns. With a certificate of deposit, or CD, a person agrees not to withdraw the money for a certain period of time. This term could be anywhere from a few months to several years. Longer terms, and larger amounts, pay higher interest. People can withdraw their money early but they have to pay a fine. In a number of countries, people have been saving less over the years. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development is a group of thirty-four countries. The OECD says in 1990, Americans had a household savings rate of seven percent. This year, that rate is expected to be a little more than four percent and many European countries have higher rates like the UK and France , but Americans save more than families in countries like Japan and South Korea. \n Answer: Choose certificates of deposit for one year.",
            "output": [
                "If you have $10,000, which of the following may help you get higher interest ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-33ab0cb7f0334d34853465cdd82fabb9",
            "input": "Article: According to the UN Intergovernmental Panel   on Climate Change, global temperatures have risen by approximately 0.6degC in the past century, caused mainly by emissions of greenhouse gases produced by human activities,such as  the  burning  of  fossil  fuels  and  deforestation.Temperatures are to increase between 1.6degC and 5.8degC in the next century, accompanied by sea level rise and an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events. The best available evidence suggests that climate changes since the 1970s may already be causing over 150,000 deaths annually, and that greenhouse gas emissions would increase disease burdens  in  the  coming  decades.The  risks  are concentrated in the poorest population, who have contributed least to the problem. The Kyoto Protocol   is signed by 128 nations,and commits the participating industrialized countries to cutting emissions of greenhouse gases by over 5% below 1990 level by the period of 20082012. \"Over 600 thousand people died in weatherrelated disasters in the 1990s.Temperature and rainfall influence the rates of diseases and infections including malaria,and malnutrition,which together cause over 3.5 million deaths a year.The Kyoto Protocol is the first step towards protecting the climate system,which exerts such a strong influence on our health\",said Dr Kerstin Leitner,Assistant DirectorGeneral for Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments. While acting to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is also essential to protect vulnerable   communities from the effects of climate changes.WHO works to promote measures such as protection from malaria and other climate sensitive diseases, and reliable access to clean water and sanitation, for people  in the  most vulnerable developing countries.Increasing disease control efforts will also help to protect current and future generations from the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions. \n Answer: The emissions of greenhouse gases.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what is the reason for the rise of global temperatures?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ced6f215ed384089a63525d942ac6e8e",
            "input": "Article: The Galapagos Islands are in the Pacific Ocean, off the western coast of South America They are a rocky, lonely spot, but they are also one of the most unusual places in the world.  One reason is that they are the home of some of the last giant tortoises left on earth. Weighing hundreds of pounds, these tortoises go slowly around the rocks and sand of the islands.  Strangely, each of these islands has its own particular kinds of tortoises.  There are seven different kinds of tortoises on the eight islands, and each kind is slightly different from the other. Hundreds of years ago, thousands of tortoises were around these islands.  However, all that changed when people started landing there.  When people first arrived in 1535, crews would seize as many tortoises as they could. They would roll the tortoises onto their backs when they were brought onto the ships. The tortoises were completely helpless once on their backs, so they could only lie there until used for soups and stews.  Almost 100,000 tortoises were carried off in this way. The tortoises faced other problems, too. Soon after the first ships, settlers arrived, bringing pigs, goats, donkeys, dogs and cats. A11 0f these animals ruined life for the tortoises. Donkeys and goats ate all the plants that the tortoises usually fed on, while the pigs, dogs and cats ate thousands of baby tortoises each year. Within a few years, it was hard to find any tortoise eggs-or even any baby tortoises. Finally, in the 1950s, scientists decided that something must be done. The first part of their plan was to remove as many cats, dogs and other animals as they could from the islands. Next, they tried to make sure that more baby tortoises would be born; This slow, hard work continues today, and, thanks to it, the number of tortoises is now increasing every year. Perhaps these wonderful animals will not disappear after all \n Answer: Sailors took tortoises aboard the ships.",
            "output": [
                "What happened first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7da391e8250744b3aa599ee808bf0110",
            "input": "Article: Technology is the application of knowledge to production. Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force. New machines and new methods have helped cut down time and expense while increasing overall output. This has meant more production and a higher standard of living. For most of us in America, modern technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars and television sets. However, technology has also increased the amount of food available to us, by means of modern farming machinery and animal breeding techniques, and has made our life span longer via medical technology. Will mankind continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life? In large measure, the answer depends on technology and our ability to use it widely. If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years, the answer is definitely yes. The advancement of technology depends on research and development, and the latest surveys show that the united States is continuing to put billions of dollars annually  into such efforts. So while we are running out of some limited resources, we may well find technological substitutes   for many of them through our research programs. Therefore, in the final analysis, the three major factors of production (land, labor and capital) are all influenced by technology. When we need new skills or techniques in medicine, people will start developing new technology to meet those needs. As equipment proves to be slow or inefficient, new machines will be invented. Technology responds to our needs in helping us improve our standard of living. \n Answer: Modern technology",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3947dd2b81fb44f7bdf2e631f04d5688",
            "input": "Article: Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling, swimming or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some forms - football, basketball, hockey, golf of tennis. It may be mountaineering. Those who have a  _ for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked up with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks in high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure . Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man - made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man - made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to any people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods, but the sport requires high mental and physical qualities. A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they certainly experience equal enjoyment. \n Answer: Skiing and skating",
            "output": [
                "What movements are popular among people in winter in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-799085e4b5c841c6b4fb26b1c1d42e9e",
            "input": "Article: We often use the words growth and development as if they meant essentially the same thing. But this may not always be the case. One can easily imagine instances in which a country has achieved higher levels of income (growth) with little or no benefit coming to most of its citizens (development). In the past, most development policies were aimed increasing the growth rate of income per capita. Many still are, based on the theory that benefits of economic growth will come to all members of society. If this theory is correct, growth should promote development. By the early 1970s, however, the relationship between growth and development was being questioned. A major study by the World Bank in 1974 concluded that it is now clear that more than a decade of rapid growth in underdeveloped countries has been of little benefit to a third of their population. The World Bank study indicated that increases in GNP per capita did not promise important improvements in such development indicators as nutrition, health, and education. Although GNP per capita did indeed rise, its benefits come down to only a small part of the population. This realization gave rise to a call for new development policies. These new policies favored agriculture over industry, called for domestic redistribution of income and wealth, and encouraged programs to satisfy such basic needs as food and shelter. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the international macroeconomic crises of high oil prices, worldwide recession, and third world debt forced attention away from programs designed to get rid of poverty. However, the lesson remains: economic growth does not promise economic development. Efforts may be required to change growing output capacity into economic benefits that reach most of a nation's people. \n Answer: Growth and development refer to the same thing.",
            "output": [
                "As to the relationship between growth and development, what can we infer from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c59e1473bdd749708c32c035537942ff",
            "input": "Article: Fish have ears. Really. They're quite small and have no opening to the outside world carrying sound through the body. For the past seven years, Simon Thorrold, a university professor, has been examining fish ears, small round ear bones called otoliths. As fish grow, so do their otoliths. Each day, their otoliths gain a ring of calcium carbonate  . By looking through a microscope and counting these rings, Thorrold can determine the exact age of a young fish. As a fish gets older, its otoliths no longer get daily rings. Instead, they get yearly rings, which can also be counted, giving information about the fish's age, just like the growth rings of a tree. Ring counting is nothing new to fish scientists. But Thorrold has turned to a new direction. They're examining the chemical elements   of each otolith ring. The daily ring gives us the time, but chemistry tells us about the environment in which the fish swam on any given day. These elements tell us about the chemistry of the water that the fish was in. It also says something about water temperature, which determines how much of these elements will gather within each otolith ring. Thorrold can tell, for example, if a fish spent time in the open ocean before entering the less salty water of coastal areas. He can basically tell where fish are spending their time at any given stage of history. In the case of the Atlantic croaker, a popular saltwater food fish, Thorrold and his assistant have successfully followed the travelling of young fish from mid-ocean to the coast, a journey of many hundreds of miles. This is important to managers in the fish industry, who know nearly nothing about the track of the young fish for most food fish in the ocean. Eager to learn about his technology, fish scientists are now lending Thorrold their ears. \n Answer: They are not seen from the outside.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about fish ears from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-537377de5d1b4e99ac18870da04811c4",
            "input": "Article: The round--the --lock availability that cell phones have brought to people's lives may be  _ amily life,  a new study suggests.The study,  which followed more than 1300 adults over 2 years, found that those who consistently used a mobile phone through out the study period were more likely to report  negative \"spillover\" between work and home life - and, in turn, less satisfaction with their family life. Spillover actually means that the line between work and home began to become unclear, Work life may invade home life-when a parent is taking job--related calls at home,  for instance - or family issues may start to take up work time.For example, a child may call Mom at work, telling her \"the microwave exploded\" , explained Noelle Chesley, an assistant professor of society at the University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee and the author of the study. The problem with cell phones seems to be they are allowing for ever more spillover between work and home. This may be especially true for working women, the study found.Among men, consistent use of mobile phones seemed not to allow more work issues to creep  into family time.But for women,  the spillover tended to go in both directions - being \"connected\" means that work cuts into home time, and family issues come into work life. Cell phones seem to be opening more lines for stressful exchange among family members.But there may be ways to control the spillover,  according to Chesley. Employers, she said,  should look at their policies on contacting employees after working hours to make sure their expectations are\"reasonable\".For their part,  employees can decide that cell phones go off during family time,  Chesley said, \n Answer: Cell phones get life and work mixed.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1da5cfc6acf04a3dbfee0661ed715d6a",
            "input": "Article: Deception  is something that people do all the time ,and it plays an important role in military  strategy. Now some researchers are trying to figure out how to get robots to do it, by looking at the behavior of squirrels and birds. At Georgia Tech, a team led by Ronald Arkin , a professor at the School of interactive Computing, studied the literature on squirrels hiding their acorns  .Squirrels will hide their food m a certain place, but when they see other squirrels trying to steal from them, they attempt to fool the thieves by running to a fake location. Ronald Arkin and his Ph. D. student Jaeeun Shim used that as a model for robot behavior. They programmed the robot into tricking a \"predator  \" machine by doing what ei squirrel does: showing the enemy a false location for an important resource. The team also looked at how other animals in this case,a species of bird called Arabian babbler~ drive off predators. A babbler will make an alarm call when they see a predator and other babblers will join the bird and make more calls. They then surround the predator, all the while flapping  wings and making noises. The babblers don't ever actually fight the animal they want to drive off; they just make enough noises and flaps around enough so that it seems that attacking a babbler isn't worth it They found that the deception works when the group reaches a certain size--essentially, when enough birds arrive to convince the enemy that it's best to back off . Davis modeled that behavior in software using a military scene and found that it worked even if the group didn't have the firepower to confront the enemy directly. The military is interested in this because a robot that can fool an opponent is a valuable tool. It could lead an enemy down a fake trail or make itself look more dangerous than it actually is. \n Answer: It can scare the enemy away who wants to destroy the acorns.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the military want to take advantage of squirrels'trick?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ef0acd930ac04f53aa7347003b8cdcbc",
            "input": "Article: As a public school superintendent , I believe the best way to prepare students for colleges and careers is to focus on providing instructional programs and opportunities that help them become good thinkers. To do this, teachers and actually everyone else in a community, should play a role as a \"cognitive coach\" to students, helping develop good thinkers among our youth. The best way for you to become a cognitive coach is to seek out and engage school children and adolescents in meaningful conversations. The objective here is to get kids talking about what they think, how they feel, and what they believe whenever and wherever you may find them. It may be in a classroom. It may be at the grocery store. It may be at a basketball game. It doesn't matter where as long as you engage students in a topical conversation and, hopefully, even a debate. Mainly, you want to encourage students to voice their opinion about things. Get them to take a position on \"this thing, or that thing,\" and ask them to support their position with evidence. Curiously enough, the simple process of engaging students in real life conversations and debates will serve to strengthen what they have learned in the classroom, and help them create their own knowledge about a subject or a topic. Learning indicates that a student has been exposed to material, understands the material, and can recall the information. Knowledge, on the other hand, goes beyond recall and includes information processing, application to other situations, consideration of meaning, and contrasting with other concepts. Naturally, the topic of conversation you engage in with one of your learners will differ from student to student, and in the level of complexity based on child's age and developmental level. Even a kindergartener has an opinion about things that are going on in his or her life. Engaging in conversation with any members of your learning community in ways that get at what they have learned and what they know will help them develop higher order reasoning skills. A student's synthetic thinking  process occurs when a respected adult asks a question, particularly a question that requires reflection. I think all adults in a community have a responsibility to help children with this process, with the goal of producing independent thinkers. \n Answer: Making evidence-based arguments.",
            "output": [
                "According to writer, what most helps develop students' thinking?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-685cef56ed9d40acb5d8395016a21670",
            "input": "Article: Boxing games are truly widely supported by a lot of people over the world . The sport involves two people fighting with each other inside a ring with a referee making sure that the fight goes on smoothly. The fighters have to be of the same weight to be able to fight and they make use of their fists according to the rules of competition. There are three ways in winning the game. First, you have to knock out the challenger. Secondly, there is the technical knockout  . This usually happens when the rival is seriously hurt and unable to carry on and defend himself. Thirdly, each boxer gets on with the fight until the last round is over and done with and the winner is judged according to the scores he gets. The first boxing champion was James Figg who came from England. It was in 1719 that the word \"boxing\" was known. The sport then was completely different from what you are used to seeing and observing nowadays. In 1743 Jack Broughton, a boxing title holder, was responsible for coming up with the rules and regulations to make the fight more manageable. Under these rules, a boxer who falls and does not fight after 30 seconds has elapsed is declared the loser and any fighter is prevented from hitting his opponent when he is already down. Broughton was also the one who created the mufflers -- a kind of gloves with padding which were used during presentations and training. Today, the sport has a total of 12 rounds with three minutes playing time for each round. Boxers are given a minute for them to rest or for consultation with their respective coaches. A referee has the responsibility of making sure that the boxers carry on with the fight according to the rules of the sport. The judges have the task of evaluating each fighter and give the fighter scores according to their punches . \n Answer: Jack Broughton created a kind of gloves with paddling for boxers.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-793906bee71141a19c34bc3c4a55f618",
            "input": "Article: The other day, I received a most unexpected message in response to one of my essays:I am so proud of you and all you have accomplished. I shared your opinion ... It was signed Margaret Leibfried, who was my English teacher -- a teacher who appeared at a vital   point in my life and helped me believe that I could become a writer. Thirty years ago, I entered high school as an introvert   made all the more shy because I was the school's only nonwhite student. I always felt in danger of being swept away by a sea of tall white athletes. I spent a lot of time alone, reading and writing stories, hoping to escape being teased. Ms. Leibfried taught American literature and composition grammar, which involved the usual memorizing vocabulary, but also, thrillingly, reading novels. Thrilling to me, that is. Many of my classmates expressed dislike for novels because they were \"not real.\" For once, I didn't care what they thought. Ms. Leibfried seemed to notice my interest in both reading and writing, and she took the time to make me feel less shy; she even offered me reading suggestions, like one of her favorite novels, \"The Bell Jar.\" That year's big project was a book report, to be read aloud to the class. However, Ms. Leibfried suggested I do something \"a little different.\" Instead of a report, I chose a passage from \"The Bell Jar\" that I considered as the best to recite. The morning of the presentations, I remember my hands sweating so badly as I walked to the front of the class that I kept my hands crossed, so I wouldn't wipe them on my blouse. When I finished, to my surprise, the class applauded. \"Marie has picked out a particularly sensitive piece of writing and delivered it beautifully,\" Ms. Leibfried said, smiling. I felt, maybe for the first time, confident. \n Answer: Lonely.",
            "output": [
                "What was the author's high school life like before she met Ms. Leibfried?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-06e25145a1cd4da48e1f200e35b4f54b",
            "input": "Article: We were driving from Los Angeles to Dallas,running low on gas somewhere in New Mexico and figured we'd see a gas station soon enough to fill up. But that didn't happen and we realized we wouldn't make it to the next town.So my daughter made up a sign that read\"Low on gas.Can u help?\" and held it outside her window in the hopes that a driver in the next lane would notice it and stop. There weren't too many vehicles passing us either at the time.It was a lonely stretch of road and about 3:30 pm on a weekday.A suburban was driving along happily in the neighboring lane ahead of us.We caught up with it in the hopes the driver would notice the sign.After a brief expression of confusion on his face,he seemed to have noticed the sign and slowed down to pull over.We pulled over right behind him. He was friendly and was eager to help us.At first he thought we didn't have enough money to buy gas,so he offered to buy us gas at the next town Roswell that was about 10 miles away![:ZXXK] When we explained our _ of not having enough gas to get to Roswell,he said his farm was about 1 0 minutes away and they had a gas pump there,so if we could give him 20 minutes,he would head back there,get a can of gas and fill up our tank for us. We could not believe our good fortune ! There not being any cell phone reception for either of us in the area, we had just hoped that whoever stopped to help would be kind enough to call AAA when they got to Roswell and we would just wait it out for them to help us. We were filled with gratefulness for the kindness of strangers such as this person as we waited for him to return.Sure enough,he was back with the can and quickly filled our tank.He refused to take payment for the gas.Tears flowed,as did our endless appreciation. \n Answer: Dallas.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's final destination?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f50c1ea2fe3f45b28d89685f06e6c333",
            "input": "Article: America's  No.1 health problem? A report published by the American Institute of Stress claims the biggest threat to health today is neither cancer nor AIDS. The report says: \"It has been estimated that75-90 percent of all visits to primary care physicians are for stress related problems\" It is no exaggeration to say that people today are being attacked by stress. According to the National Consumers League, \" Work is the top source of stress for adults who have problems and stress in their lives (39%),followed by family (30%).Other sources include health (10%), concern about the economy (9%)and concern about international conflict and terrorism (4%).\" However , stress is hardly unique to the United States .A British survey in 2013 estimated that \"over half a million individuals in Britain believed in 2012 that they were experiencing work -related stress at a level that was making them ill .\" As a result of \"work -related stress, depression or anxiety ,\"there are \"an estimated thirteen and a half million reported lost working days per year in Britain .\"\\ The picture is no less bleak   in mainland Europe .According to the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work , \"work-related stress has been shown to affect millions of European Workers across all types of employment sectors .\" One survey revealed that there are \"about 41 million workers affected by work-related stress each year.\" What about Asia ? A report issued by a conference held in Tokyo concluded: \" Job stress is a  common concern among many countries in the world , both developing and industrialized countries .\" The report observed that \"several countries in East Asia , including China and Korea, have rapidly industrialized and economically grown .These countries now have a lot of concerns on job stress and its harmful effects on workers' health.\" \n Answer: He meant to introduce the topic of stress",
            "output": [
                "What did the author indicate by quoting \"America's No.1 Health Problem.\" (Para. 1)?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b978930e1c394748aa525f1841f01d92",
            "input": "Article: While many modern forms of communication like phone calls, e-mail, and letters, are extremely convenient. In my opinion, nothing beats speaking to another person face to face. The first and most obvious advantage that a face communication has over a letter and e-mail is that there is the ability to interactively converse. If the sender of a letter or an email does not write clearly, then much time must be spent to clear up the misunderstanding. In a face-to-face conversation, misunderstandings are easily dealt with because of the interactive nature of it. I would still argue that the face-to-face conversation is better because you can see the other person. Not all communication is verbal ; the meaning of much of what we say depends on our body language and the tone of voice. Joking and irony are particularly difficult to express and enjoy without seeing the expression on someone's face, or watching the movements of their body. Finally, if the goal of communication is to maintain or deepen the relationship with someone, the face-to-face communication offers the choice of communication by touch even if we could communicate by the video. Trust and respect between business partners can be established with a firm handshake. No amount of body language can convey the excitement of a high five between friends, and no number of words can communicate the comforting embrace of a loved one. Touch is the first basic method of our human relationships, before spoken language, and it is only available when people communicate face to face. \n Answer: Comparison of different communication forms",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d4fb6087f494482e8777ca392578e1d2",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever had that fantasy to visit the moon, grab a rock and throw it into space so it would float forever? Soon, if you have got the cash, you can! Enter the Artemis Project. This new and exciting project is a private one that will \"establish a permanent, self-supporting manned lunar base,\" which translates into a community on the moon for people to live in. \"It's not a question of whether it'll work, but rather how long it will take.\" according to Gregory Bennett, the founder of the Artemis Project On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the moon. That moment became a great achievement in both the space community and for humanity itself. Despite the significance of occasion, almost certainly when viewers saw images of his weightless, bouncing   figure they thought, \"That looks like fun!\" So the Artemis team is taking realistic approach to a human fantasy: they are marketing the project of a lunar base as pure entertainment. Veronis, Suhler & Associates are investment bankers for the communications and media industry. Their research found that Americans spent over 40 billion dollars to be entertained in the movies, through home videos and television in 1999. California investor, Dennis Tito, recently took a trip to the International Space Station, after donating $20 million dollars to the Russian Space program. Wealthy celebrities like Canadian director James Cameron and the brothers of rock band Oasis have also voiced their interest to visit the big ball in the sky. In the same report by Veronis, Suhler & Associates, consumers spent close to 4 billion dollars on video-game software alone. So, for $1.42 billion dollars the Artemis Project is a drop in the entertainment bucket. University student, Al Dharsee says, \"I would certainly go to the moon, if given the opportunity, so that I could look at the earth and laugh. But with the way we treat our own planet, I don't think we deserve to set foot on any planets or moons for that matter. However, if you're one of those ready to book a flight, don't pack your bags quite yet, your flight is not scheduled to depart for at least a couple of decades. \n Answer: Providing a new kind of entertainment.",
            "output": [
                "What is the Artemis Project aimed at?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cecb2a2c9dda4ce7a90cf2e65af62053",
            "input": "Article: A chocolate printer that allows sweet lovers to create 3D desserts by themselves is to go on sale at a cost of 2,500 pounds. The machine squirts   out chocolate and, via computer instructions, allows the user to build any shape they like out of the food. But makers Choc Edge have missed the Easter rush. Even so, they hope the printer will be snapped up by retailers   immediately they come to the market. Britain's biggest chocolatiers Thornton's have already said they are interested. Because of the high cost, however, few individuals are likely to buy one. But the devicecould one day allow people to design their own 3D objects after submitting their designs on a website. Dr Hao, founder of Choc Edge came up with a prototype   last year and has only just perfected it so that it can now go on sale. \"We've improved and simplified the machine, so now it is really easy to use,\" he told the BBC. \"You just need to melt some chocolate, fill a syringe   that is stored in the printer, and get creative printing of your chocolate.\" 3D printing is a technology where a three dimensional object is created by building up successive layers of material. The technology is already used in industry to produce plastic and metal products, but this is the first time the principles have been applied to chocolate. The research has presented many challenges. Chocolate is not an easy material to work with because it requires accurate heating and cooling cycles. Dr Hao said, \"What makes this technology special is that users will be able to design and make their own products. From reproducing the shape of a child's favourite toy to a friend's face, the possibilities are endless. It could be developed to help consumers design many products from different materials, but we've started with chocolate as it is easily available, low cost and harmless.\" \"There is also no wastage as any spoilage   can be eaten.\" Dr Hao added, \"Eventually we may see many mass-produced products replaced by unique designs created by the customer.\"[:] EPSRC chief executive Professor Dave Delpy said, \"This is a good example of how creative research can be applied to create new manufacturing and retail ideas. By combining developments in engineering with the commercial potential of the digital economy,We can see the new market prospect  --creating new jobs and, in this case, the chocolate printer is called sweet business opportunities.\" \n Answer: The designs made by it are the same as many mass-produced products.",
            "output": [
                "Which is the advantage of the chocolate printer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e1954488c2340f9b44c70b82b71bb53",
            "input": "Article: Best-selling horror writer Stephen has another hit on his hands - but don't go looking for it at our bookstore. King's new ghost story, Riding the Bullet is only available on the Internet. The story - which King wrote while he was recovering from serious injuries which happened to him in a hit - and - run accident near his summer home in Maine last year - produced instant traffic blocks on the Web the moment it became published and availed online at 12:01 a. m. Tuesday. King gave out a statement saying \"he is curious to see what sort of reaction there is and whether or not this is the future of publishing.\" He is not the first author to make his work available wholly online, but he is the first among the top ranks of writers to take that step. King told Time magazine that his experiment with putting his story Riding the Bullet on the Internet has been so successful that he is considering putting a fulllength book online. \"The new way of publishing\", said King, \"could exactly change the way people regard reading.\" The story was put out fully over the Web and it will only be available on the Internet, as an \"e - book\". It was given away for free the first 24 hours. After that readers could download it for $ 2.50. As of Sunday, more than 5,000,000 people had downloaded the piece.  Simon & Schuster, which is electronically publishing the e - book, says 4,000,000 readers ordered it in the first 24 hours during which it was available. The company is now in talks with other authors about publishing more e - books. Publishers say King's decision to publish the story fully online shows that the e - book format  is here to stay. King himself says the Internet has great promise as a way to share our literature, but he doesn't think \"anything will take the place of the printed word and the book with a cover.\" \n Answer: Pay & 2.5 for an e - book version.",
            "output": [
                "How will readers get a copy of King's new book Riding the Bullet?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-85f9a9cfa58446b896d92988ef299ca5",
            "input": "Article: School is a place that is familiar to everyone. Let's find out what American students do in school.     An official dance party is held about twice a year in high schools in the United States. When the final football game is over for the season there is a homecoming party. Sometimes, students select a king from among the football players, and a queen from among the girls. Every student can attend and have fun with the help of their teachers. Sometimes, students, called bookworms, to the surprise of the other students, come to the party in a beautiful dress.     The most exciting party that students can go to would have to be a dance party. Students attend it in dresses similar to those of Hollywood stars and the atmosphere is comparable to an Oscar Award party. Since such a party is for seniors, students usually stay up the night trying to enjoy their last year in high school.     In American schools, instead of the teachers going to different rooms, students have their own class schedules   and go to different classrooms. When a student is away from school, they must have an explanation for being away along with the signature  of a parent. The signed paper is then handed in to the school office. High school drop outs and students being expelled   are not that uncommon in the States. High absences without excuses are one of the reasons why students are expelled from school. American students also enjoy a number of activities out of school like cheerleading  , student government and a host of different sports. \n Answer: Students who study hardest.",
            "output": [
                "Whose presence at the homecoming party can make others amazed?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2859783953ad460daaeeab9b7aa0c845",
            "input": "Article: Not all vegetables need lots of sunshine. Mark Hoffman and his wife own a bed-and-breakfast guesthouse in rural Kempton, Illinois. They often serve their guests fresh products from the garden. The Hoffmans have been growing food and flowers for twenty-five years. For almost ten of those years, Mr. Hoffman has been experimenting and working with shade   plantings. He says, \"The bottom line here is that most plants will produce more in full sun. But if you do not have full sun, there are other choices.\" For example, he grows tomatoes near oak trees. Oak trees can produce a lot of shade. But Mr. Hoffman says his tomato plants grow as long as they get five hours' direct sunshine a day, especially morning sun. Not only does this go against the traditional advice that tomatoes need six, eight, even twelve hours' full sun a day. It also shows how plants and tree roots can share nutrients and water. Mr. Hoffman says plants with wider leaves seem to do better in shady environments. He also found that his potatoes did better partly in shade than in full sun. Moving them out of the sun helped control an insect problem. Mr. Hoffman does not use pesticide  . Instead, he planted the potatoes in the shade, especially on the east side of the tree. The potatoes get morning sun, but they are shaded during the hottest part of the day. Some insects dislike shade, and the hottest part day is when they do the worst of their damage. Time of day, sun intensity  , shadows from trees, walls and buildings all influence how much sunlight falls on plants. And people interested in shade planting should also remember something else. The term \"shade\" can describe different amounts of darkness. It can even mean different things in different parts of the world. \n Answer: five hours a day",
            "output": [
                "How many hours of sunshine are enough to keep tomato plants growing in Hoffman's garden?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eea2afbe9d7b4cebbe6e45a78d8ed34a",
            "input": "Article: Tens of thousands of smartphone applications are running ads from the overwhelming  advertising networks that change smartphone settings and copy people's contact information without permission. Aggressive ad networks can disguise  ads as text message notifications  , and sometimes change browser settings and bookmarks. Often, the ads will upload your contacts list to the ad network's servers--- information that the ad network can then sell to marketers. Sounds scary? It's not a giant problem yet, but it's a growing one. As many as 5% of free mobile apps use an \"aggressive\" ad network to make money, according to Lookout, a San Francisco-based mobile security company. PhoneLiving was one of the most popular app developers to use these kinds of ad networks; their dozens of talking animal apps have been downloaded several million times. Later, PhoneLiving says it has mended its ways. The company admittedusing _ techniques to make money from its apps, but said it dropped those methods at the start of July because of bad reviews and declining downloads. The most popular type of apps that use aggressive ad networks are \"Personalisation\" apps, which include wallpapers. Comic and entertainment apps are also among the most likely to have rogue  ad networks running behind the scenes. Like aggressive pop-ups on PCs, the bad software isn't easy to get rid of. Though the damage can typically be removed by deleting the app, it can be hard to tell which app is causing the problems. When developers create free mobile apps, they usually make money through ads displayed within the app. App makers don't usually tell people which ad network they are using, which makes it hard to avoid the known offenders. The best defense is to read reviews and avoid downloading apps that have attracted many complaints. \n Answer: They change browser settings and bookmarks.",
            "output": [
                "What is an example of bad behavior by the annoying mobile ads?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c2dfed8e15ce4d27b1c16017ddc75ae8",
            "input": "Article: Children are quick to ask \"why\" and \"how'' when it comes to new things, but research suggests that they learn more when teachers turn the questions back on them. \"When children explain events, they learn more than when just getting the results,'' said Cristine H. Legare, a professor at the University of Texas. Ms. Legare brought in 96 children aged 3 to 5 and set before them a complex toy made up of colorful, interlocking gears  . With the first group, the researchers asked, \"Can you explain this to me?\" With the second one, they said, \"Look, isn't this interesting?'' The two groups of children focused on different things, researchers found. Children who were asked to observe noticed the colors of the toy, while those asked to explain focused on the chain of gears working on each other. Children who had explained the toy were better at re-creating it and not being disturbed by decorative gears, and they were better able to use what they had learned who had observed the toy outperformed the children in the explanation group on a memory task focused on the toy's colors. Dedre Gentner, the director of the cognitive science program at Northwestern University, said that teachers introducing a concept can improve students' understanding  by  giving examples of close comparisons,  and then asking children to explain how concepts are related. In a series of experiments with 3-to 7-year-olds, she focus children can be con be confused by comparisons that focus on a relationship rather than a direct-object match. For example, a 3-year-old shown a picture of two rabbits facing each other and told \"this is a toma '' and then asked to find another \"tome\" will choose a picture of a rabbit over one of two cats facing each other 98 percent of the time. A 7-year-old is more likely to recognize the more abstract comparison of a relationship. However, Ms. Gentner found that 3-year-olds can think more like 7-yesr-olds if they are given more examples. When shown a \"toma\" with rabbits and another with cats, and then asked, \"Can you say why both of these are tomas?\" most of the children can give a good explanation. \n Answer: Children can learn more first for a learner.",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly described in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d1145ba991df48f89e225c41e3d747fc",
            "input": "Article: Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-education well off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individual and society, are profound. The world is facing as astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers   are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce. That even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity. Do not necessarily decline with age. \n Answer: well-educated people tend to work longer",
            "output": [
                "what is happening in the workforce in rich countries?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ca4f68326aac4f628431a5150cef4064",
            "input": "Article: On Saturday, February 12 two thousand, two things happened that changed everything in my life. The first was that on this day my baby sister was married. She was twenty-six this day, and yet to me she was still my baby sister. I suppose that I pictured her as a little girl, and treated her like one in order to hold onto and preserve my own youth. Until I saw her in her wedding dress I still had a vision of her with chubby little cheeks and long, dark-brown pigtails  blowing in the wind, perhaps even a permanent smudge of chocolate around her pink lips. I guess it's true that you see only what you want to see. Where did this beautiful woman with the glowing complexion and gentle curves  come from? I was happy that day, and also sad. Gone were the days of me bossingher around and telling her what she should do with her life. My bossy behavior had earned me the nickname Lucy. If you are a Peanuts fan then you can clearly imagine my behavior as an older sister. To me it wasn't an insult; I rather like the nickname Lucy. I happen to think that Lucy is strong and has incredible self-confidence, although she is a little overbearing  at times. I did my best to live up to the standards set forth by this dynamic cartoon character. I left the reception to get some air because suddenly I was overcome with grief at the realization that I was no longer a child. I went outside and walked to a nearby playground where there were children playing on the slide, the swings and digging in the dirt. There was a little girl twirlingaround on a bar, one knee wrapped tightly around the bar and fashioned behind her knee. It was all I could do to sit there and just watch, for I too wanted to get on that bar with her and see if I could still hold the all-timetwirlingrecord (ninety-nine times in fifth grade). Somewhere inside I knew that I would break my neck, and I was wearing abridesmaiddress. Not exactly playground material. And so I sat watching the children play. I'm not sure how long I sat there before my sister came and joined me. We talked about how we are grown up now and shed a few tears for our childhood days gone by. As she wiped a tear from my eye she lovingly said, \"you'll always be Lucy to me.\" We hugged. My cousin Mike walked over and told my sister that it was time to cut the cake. And then he dropped bomb number two on me. \"Hey, did you guys hear that Charles Schultz died today?\" He said it like it was no big deal. He took my sister's arm and turned to head back for the reception hall. \"Coming?\" They asked. \"In a minute.\" I replied, and sat back down on the bench, dizzy from what he had just told me. Dead? How could Charles Schultz be dead? He was my creator! And though I have never met the man personally, he has always been like an invisible father to me. He did, after all, fashion a famous character after me. I lost so many things on this day. Innocence slipped away from me like a thief in the night: come and gone before I could do anything about it, taking with it all the treasures that I held most valuable in my heart. I felt myself grow up, all in one moment. Reality rushed in around me like a hurricanetide. There was nowhere to run to. All I could do was sit there and watch it destroy and reshape what had existed only a moment before. I was no longer a child. I was no longer Lucy who knew what was best for everyone else. I saw, for the first time, what I really was--a thirty-year old woman with a husband of my own, and soon, a child of my own. I allowed the tide to carry my sadness out with it. Take it out to sea, for it serves no purpose in my life. I stood up from the bench; a little taller than I was when I sat down. I turned and headed back to the hall, hoping I didn't miss the cutting of the cake. It was the day my sister grew wings of her own and left the nest.  _ \n Answer: Because the author didn't want to grow up.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author treat her sister as a little girl?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9690cbd40b8146c484da22dffd2bb5ef",
            "input": "Article: Visitors worry that London is an expensive city but there really are so many free things to do here. The following ideas should get you started. All of London's major museums are free, but most offer some special exhibitions for a fee. My favorite is the Museum of Londonwhere you can learn the history of London from Roman times to today. And I love theGeffrye Museumwhich shows English domestic interiors and helps bring to life what it was really like to live in London. I regularly hear people tell me theQueen Mary's Rose Gardens in Regent's Parkis their favorite spot in London, and who am I to argue? I would also recommend St. James's Park as it offers one of the best views ofBuckingham Palace. Hyde Park is enormous and Kensington Gardens nearby includes the ever popular Diana Memorial Playgroundand thePeter Pan Statue. No visit to London is complete without seeing this military tradition. The Queen's Guard in London changes in the Forecourt inside the gates ofBuckingham Palaceat 11.30am every day in the summer and every other day in the winter. Get there early and view the spectacle from outside the front gates. Trafalgar Square is one of Britain's greatest visitor attractions and was designed by John Nash in the 1820s and constructed in the 1830s. This iconic square has many sights to see including Nelson's Columnand theNational Gallery. It is both a tourist attraction and the main focus for political demonstrations. Every December, Norway donates a marvelous Christmas tree, to thank Britain for liberation from the Nazis. \n Answer: in Kensington Gardens.",
            "output": [
                "Where can visitors find thePeter Pan Statue?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f975125f56f6495ab45ec25c38102f28",
            "input": "Article: There was once a rich old _ ) in England who lived a very rich life. When King John, who was the worst king that England ever had, heard of the way in which the abbot lived, he decided to stop it. So he sent for the old man and said, \"Your fault is clear, and unless you can answer me three questions within two weeks, your head shall be cut off, and all your money shall be mine. Firstly, you must tell me just how long I shall live. Secondly, you must tell me how long I shall ride round the whole world, and lastly, you shall tell me what I think.\"       The abbot went to Oxford and Cambridge for help but not one of the teachers in the great schools could. At last, sad and sorrowful, he rode towards home. Then he met his shepherd   and told him all that had happened.        \"Cheer up, good master. I think I can help you out of your trouble.\"        The shepherd dressed himself up with great care and looked just like the abbot. Then he went to the king.        \"How long shall I live?\" \"You will live until the day that you die, and not one day longer.\"        \"How long shall I ride round the world?\" \"You must rise with the sun, and you must ride with the sun until it rises again the next morning. As soon as you do that, you will find that you have ridden round the world in twenty-four hours.\"        \"What do I think?\" \"You think that I am the abbot. But, to tell you the truth, I am only his poor shepherd, and I come to beg your pardon for him and for me.\"         The king laughed long. \"Very well then, you have won the old abbot a free pardon from King John for this joke.\" \n Answer: Teachers from Oxford and Cambridge.",
            "output": [
                "Who helped the abbot out of his trouble?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a569dc7757f842ac84f405ab7090fd98",
            "input": "Article: Like lots of small-business owners, Lola Gonzalez had to decide to cut down her company's nine-person staff   when the economic recovery began to fail last spring. Unlike other companies, she picked an unlikely employee to lay off  : herself. Her business began to have problems in 2008 after going through her books   One day, her husband, Marcos, told her she had to reduce her payroll by one person. Gonzalez said at a meeting, \"I want you all to know that I have to lay somebody off and it's been a very difficult decision. And that person is me.\" Employees first froze in amazement and then burst into laughter until they realized she was serious. Gonzalez 's employees said they were grateful for her kindness. Her reason was simple. Although she ran the business and her employees did the legwork  , she thought she could find work more easily than her staff. Sure enough, she soon got a job as a social worker for a non-profit organization called Devereux Kids. She enjoys her social-worker job now, but the salary   cut has required some lifestyle changes. She and Marcos no longer eat out daily; they no longer pay for their son's car and mobile phone, and they changed their car to a smaller one to save $300 a month. Her business has picked up a bit recently and Marcos has begun to work part-time at Gonzalez's company. Gonzalez says she has no plan to return to work at her company until the economic situation becomes better, perhaps in a year. Her employees, however, will get Christmas bonuses   this year. \n Answer: 9.",
            "output": [
                "How many workers are there in Gonzalez's company at present?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-75971beb2d3548c8b0f9a633ff3f1de0",
            "input": "Article: President Coolidge's statement, \"The business of America is business,\" still points to a very important truth today -- that business organizations have more prestige   in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions still possess this great prestige? One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the idea of competition than other organizations in society. Since competition is seen as the main source of progress and development by most Americans, competitive business organizations are respected. Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values, such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected. Competition protects the individual freedom by making sure that there is no monopoly   of power. Compared with one and all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for benefit. If one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to the competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Since there are many businesses competing for the customers' dollars, they cannot afford to treat them unfairly and the customers would lose nothing.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it gives more support for freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people while business leaders are not. Many Americans believe that competition is as important, or even more important, as democracy in protecting freedom. Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea of equal opportunities. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to any person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American choice of the higher social position which is not based on one's family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equal opportunities. \n Answer: Competition in America's business.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is discussed as the main topic in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-efc71a5204b34cf8b5847725b629b18f",
            "input": "Article: Researchers have revealed  25 major life milestones - and the ages by which we should have achieved them. A new study has unveiled the ultimate guide to life, which involves passing a driving test at the age of 20, moving out at 22 and getting married at 27. The comprehensive study, which draws on the wisdom, life experience and regrets of almost 2,000 adults between the ages of 16 and 65, also found we should be earning the average wage by the age of 30. Researchers also revealed 19 is the best age to start a full-time job, while we should feel free to enjoy the first holiday without mum and dad two years later. Early 20s should also include moving out of home, buying our first car and flying to sunnier places for the first time with a boyfriend or girlfriend. A spokeswoman for Amigo Loans, which commissioned the study, said: \"It's normal to want to achieve certain things by certain ages and it's good to be ambitious. \"Borrowing money to achieve life's milestones, such as moving out, buying a car or starting a business is harder than ever for ordinary, hard-working people and our research shows nearly half of 16-34 year-olds expect to turn to their family and friends for financial help to achieve their life goals. Indeed, nearly 80 per cent of our guarantors are family members.\" As we head to late 30s and early 40s, we ought to be aiming to have moved to slightly bigger second home, have earnings of around PS40k a year or more, and even set up our own business. The study also looked into the subject of pressure and the part it plays in helping us achieve our goals. One in three people said they felt there was more pressure on the current generation to reach milestones within specific time frames. But according to the data, a large percentage of us also put the pressure on ourselves to achieve things by certain times. \n Answer: E-c-d-a-b",
            "output": [
                "What should be the right order of the life's milestones according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-757fe605ebb74260a0148d0631ac021d",
            "input": "Article: Many people think it is safe to use a cell phone while they are driving. Yet Scores of studies suggest that real multitaskers - those who can carry out multiple   tasks equally well, make up just 2 per cent of the population. More surprisingly, the so-called \"supertaskers\" actually have differently structured brains to the other 98 percent.  The brain areas that make supertaskers differ from the rest of the population are the same parts that are most different between humans and nonhuman primates  , according to David Strayer, director of the applied cognition lab at the University of Utah. Scientists are unsure of the reason why some brains are different. In fact, we could all benefit from doing just one task at once. In most of us, scientists have located a \"bottleneck in the brain\" that may explain why we find it hard to do two things at once. The problem appears to be caused by a logjam of nerve messages. Faced with two almost simultaneous   tasks less than 300 milliseconds apart, the brain's ability to deal with the second one slows down. The neural   response to the second task was postponed until the response to the first was completed. This means that with e-mails, phone calls, text messages and online social media all competing for our attention, often against a background of television, radio or music, our brains can reach information overload.  Scientists made the discovery after scanning the brains of volunteers attempting to multitask on a computer. The task was deliberately designed to involve the use of different senses and  _ responses. Dr Rene Marois, one of the neuroscientists who carried out the experiment at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, said: \"Our research offers neurological evidence that the brain cannot effectively do two things at once.\" The next step, the neuroscientists say, is finding out \"why these areas cannot process two tasks at once.\" \n Answer: 98 in 100.",
            "output": [
                "How many people can drive equally well while using a cell phone?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ea944f8cc5244a7b8365f3efd0fecb89",
            "input": "Article: Three-dimensional printers are fast becoming everyday devices in the United States. Three-D printers are used to make everything from automobile parts to bone replacements for human patients. American research scientists are now working on creating replacements for living tissue. Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina have been working on creating and manufacturing living tissue since 2003.This process is called biofabrication   . It requires special printing equipment and a special kind of ink. Traditional printers require ink to produce an image or design on a piece of paper. For their three-D printer, the South Carolina researchers prepare complex nutritious solutions they call bio-inks. Bio-inks are made of proteins and glucose   , which normally provides energy for most cells of the body. The researchers also add living cells taken from the animal that will receive the new, printed tissue. The bio-inks are then added to a device that researchers call the Palmetto bio-printer. Sarah Grace Dennis is one of the researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina. She says new technology, like the Palmetto bio-printer, is a great help to the biofabrication process. The bio-inks are placed in three dispensers   , containers, inside the printer. Lasers control both the position of the printing surface and the places where the bio-ink is released. Michael Yost is a leader of the research team. He says the printing process is fully automated-- machine-operated. He says that the Palmetto bio-printer makes it possible to create complex tissue types. The researchers say bio-printing is still experimental. But they hope in a few years they may be able to print tissue to replace damaged human organs. But there are still some problems which need to be solved. Some scientists worry about how to get blood to the replacement tissue. The flow of blood is important to keep the printed tissue alive. Michael Yost hopes that more people will believe in the benefits of biofabrication. \"Tissue biofabrication is a reality, and it is a reality now, and if you come here and you get to see it. You will get to see it. You can't touch it, but you will see it and think this is real. And this is really human.\" \n Answer: They are the necessities of bio-printing.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about the bio-inks?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-05d3e423395544adbc605ab8ffd93b8f",
            "input": "Article: Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger , but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving  a road can lead to less useable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater. Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages . Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts  than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs. Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too In the United States , a family of four can use 1. 5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live, but there's a lot we can do to lower the number. You can take steps to save water in your home. To start with use the same glass for your drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day. Run your dishwasher  only when it is full . Help your parents fix any leaks in your home. You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away. \n Answer: Throwing rubbish into lakes.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-db116753adab48609304f6d879667d2a",
            "input": "Article: The crowd cheered as the young man walked across the stage to receive his award as the company's top producer. He looked over the audience and trembled, and there was a clear pause that brought a silence to the room. It took him a moment to control himself. \"The last three months hit me pretty hard,\" he began. \"And I feel the need to share a piece of my story though I'm not sure why. A friend called me about his new marketing system, an outbound    fax service that could reach thousands of potential customers at very little cost. I checked it out, got excited and accepted it. After thousands of faxes, it seemed that what I did was illegal . I was punished a dollar for every one sent out. The crowd was surprised. \"I failed to do proper research, and didn't pay attention to the details. Now I am heavily in debt. As some of you know, I recently move up here from down south. I stored my stuff  in my old office, which I closed down. When I drove back to pick it all up, I found that everything except my computer and the clothes I brought with me was gone.\" He continued, \"I drive a sports car. I love that car. One day while driving it, I stepped on the accelerator  , lost control at 85 miles an hour, and hit the guard rail. I damaged my car very badly.\" \"In three months, I got charged, lost everything I owned, and damaged my car. We all face challenges,\" he smiled. \"I guess I wanted to share mine with you. Thanks for listening. \" He left to a standing ovation  . Standing in the back of the room, I realized how much respect that young man earned. He faced his fear, publicly admitted his mistakes and never gave up, in spite of the difficulties. That day, he won much more than a trophy  . \n Answer: He illegally sent faxes to customers.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the young man punished?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0b1adbb0539b41ab817c573d6e54f0a1",
            "input": "Article: Have you dreamed of traveling to cool places, meeting different people, and maybe picking up a language or two? No matter which country you live in, you can fly over the world's highest waterfalls in Venezuela, study in France or take dancing lessons in Ghana. Besides the excitement of traveling, there is another reason to study abroad. \"Obviously, I learned the language and am now fluent, but perhaps what's more important was how much I learned about cultures, people, and myself.\" said Andrew, who studied in France.  Christina studied in Caracas, Venezuela, a city of 10 million people and a huge change from her hometown of 35,000! Christina said she learned how to better speak for herself and her beliefs and to express herself in another language. What could make you more confident than that?  Living away from home can also help you become adapted to the transition   to college and adulthood. Matthew said that he returned from studying in Australia with confidence, and a real interest in international affairs. \"After having gone abroad in high school,  _ -- moving 560 miles from home didn't seem difficult at all after having lived thousands of miles away. \" Speaking of college, improving your language skills might help you get into ideal colleges and even land future jobs. Colleges and employers know that studying abroad provides leadership skills in a world that needs much communication. Most of all, it's fun! You won't suffer from the general boredom   while you're studying in a different learning environment. \n Answer: He studied in France.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Andrew?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f8e480f561a64b6599fd257cf11d9e5f",
            "input": "Article: True friends double your happiness and half your burdens. Basically how you would like a true friend to be is what you should be like to your true friends. Trust, forgiveness, responsibility are some elements of a true friendship. True friendships are hard to achieve. And what's more, life is short. So treasure these friends if you already have them. If you don't continue to search, because once you have them, life will become so much easier to live, no matter what happens. I have been through very difficult times and I dare say, without my friends, I would not have made it. Friendships need lots of energy and patience to maintain them. Not to mention time. When your friend needs you, and when things are not going too well on your side, it is often so easy to _ their requests. It is especially during these times, that you must find the strength to help your friend. And it is during these times that your friendship will be made stronger.  And you must always be happy for their successes, even when things are not going too well for you. It might be hard to do this, but it s something that you need to learn. Think about all the sacrifices your friend has made for you and all the times when he was happy for you despite his own troubles. Think about all the happy times you enjoyed and the sad, difficult times you went through together. That should give you plenty of patience to actually be a true friend. Remember, true friends are the next best thing to family. They will always be your supporters. \n Answer: A true friend",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ed880f9681d64060a9f46ce3ff4d769e",
            "input": "Article: The New York Philharmonic  came to an unexpected stop on Tuesday night when an audience member's cell phone started ringing and wouldn't stop. Conductor Alan Gilbert was nearing the end of Mahler's Ninth Symphony  when the interruption began. As eh New York Times writes, the symphony, \"contains some of the most spiritual and peaceful music ever written.\" As the cell phone continued to ring, the iPhone's signature ringtone, Gilbert stopped the entire performance. And yet shockingly the phone continued to ring. \"Nothing happened,\" Gilbert told the Times, \"Nobody was to blame for it. It was unbelievable.\" Gilbert said minor cell phone interruptions have become common and rarely _ a live performance. The Philharmonic does what it can to remind to audience to turn off their cell phones before the performance begins. But the audience and performers stood by in astonished silence as Gilbert asked the offender  to silence the phone, only to hear it continue. Mr Gilbert said audience pointed out two people sitting where the sound was coming from. \"They were staring at me firmly,\" he said of the couple. Eventually, the man put his hand in his pocket and the ringing stopped. The conductor said he asked the man if he was sure the phone was quieted. \"Then he nodded his head,\" Mr Gilbert said. People in the hall had been shouting for the sound to stop. Mr Pelkonen reported that they yelled: \"Thousand-dollar fine!\" \"Kick him out!\" \"Get out!\" Once the phone was finally silenced, Gilbert apologized to the audience. They responded with cheers and applause . And the performance continued. \n Answer: He didn't like the music so he wouldn't silence the phone.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the offender?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-58ff8ae5e2de411bad1f31ec057350d4",
            "input": "Article: \"Made in China\" has Changed Many shoppers in the West still prize labels, boasting   a product was made in Italy without knowing that a growing number of Italian products come from factories that are Chineseowned and staffed. The products which were marked \"Made in China\" gave the buyer an impression of \"low pride and low cost, low technology and development\". The statement used to be true, but now it has changed. \"Made in China\" is becoming a leading part in the world market. China's garment industry   has been investing in producing technology and training for decades, and its workforce has collectively gotten better at sewing garments. As a result, the quality of Chinesemade clothes is rising fast. It has been home to a highlyskilled, highlyspecialized garment industry, one that supplies even some highend   labels and offers the best mix of price, speed, and quality. \"If I was to make a basic men's jean, I'd make that in Pakistan,\" said Edward Hertzman, coowner of the trade publication Sourcing Journal. \"If I was going to make a fashionable women's garment, I would move to China because their skill set is better, their hand is better, their finishing is better, and they can handle that type of fashion.\" Indeed, luxury fashion labels now routinely make things in China. Burberry, Armani, and Prada have all produced things there, because they're still able to get good workmanship at a relatively low price. Even the Japanese brand Visvim, known for its crazy attention to detail, also produces highend, handmade footwear in China. Despite the rising wages and costs of doing business in China, companies have not walked away. \"China is viewed by people who make buying decisions as unique and hard to copy elsewhere,\" says Josh Green, CEO of Panjiva. \n Answer: It has lost its leading status in the world market.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true about \"Made in China\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e05283e0c4b44c5eaefc306757be8daf",
            "input": "Article: Companies can increase the money with which they run their business in a number of ways. One way is borrowing money, and another way is buying things with the agreement that payment would be made later. There are also other processes for providing money for use by a company. Two of these processes are described here.        One process the company may use is to issue bonds . Bonds are a special kind of promissory note. They are issued in different values, in the forms of money used in different countries, such as the pound in prefix = st1 /Englandor the euro in Europe. These bonds can easily be sold again to other people or to other companies. The company that issues the bonds promises to pay a particular amount of money as interest regularly for a certain period of time. This continues until when the company has to pay back the principal   of the bond. Payments of principal and interest must be made on time whether the company has been earning money or not. If these payments are not made on time, it means that the company has not done what it agreed to do and can be sued(,).        Another process companies may use is to issue other forms of promissory notes called stocks  . Bonds and stocks are opposite methods of providing money for a company. The people who buy stocks provide money that is earned and take part in deciding how the company will conduct its business. They must also take part in the losses. The people who own stocks receive dividends only after the company has paid all of its debts to the people who own bonds. On the other hand, the persons who own bonds have no right, according to the law, to help decide how the company will handle its business, unless it is bankrupt or in danger of becoming so. \n Answer: Buying materials without paying.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statement is not the way for companies to increase their capital?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-feb6f21aa3634f42901560a746d9bbae",
            "input": "Article: The young man arrived on the Massachusetts beach early carrying a radio, a shovel , and a strange set of tools: a brick layer's trowel, a palette knife, spatulas, spoons, and a spray bottle. He walked down near the water -- the tide  was out -- and switched on the radio to listen to soft rock. Then he shoveled wet sand into a pile nearly four feet high and as many feet across. Then he created a square shape. After that, he set to work with palette knife, spatulas, and spoons. He shaped a splendid tower, topped walls, fashioned beautiful bay windows, and carved  out a big front gate. The man knew his sand. He smoothly finished some surfaces and carved artistic designs on others. As the shapes began to dry, he gently kept them slightly wet with water from the spray bottle, in case they might break in the wind. All this took hours. People gathered. At last he stood back, obviously satisfied with a castle worthy of the Austrian countryside or Disneyland. Then he gathered his tools and radio and moved them up to drier sand. He had known for a while what many in the crowd still ignored: the tide was coming in. Not only had he practiced his art with confidence and style, he also had done so against a powerful, irresistible  deadline. As the crowd looked on, water came at the base of the castle. In minutes it was surrounded. Then the rising flood began to eat into the base, walls fell, the tower fell, and finally the gate fell. More minutes passed, and small waves erased bay windows -- soon no more than a small part was left. Many in the crowd looked terribly sad; some voiced fear and discouragement. But the man remained calm. He had, after all, had a wonderful day, making beauty out of nothing, and watching it return to nothing as time and tide moved on. \n Answer: It was easier to begin his work with only a few people around.",
            "output": [
                "In this passage, why did the young man start early in the day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6470833563b64110a94b8a6a9b125347",
            "input": "Article: I was in my first year of college, making friends and enjoying life, but then my whole world turned upside down. I had a heart attack. It felt like someone was stabbing   me in the chest with a knife over and over again. After three months of rest I went back to college, but then things took a turn for the worse. I was staying at my Nana's house and woke up in the middle of the night with a terrible pain in my chest. I knew I was having a heart attack again. I couldn't even shout for help. Luckily my grandpa was going to the toilet and heard me falling out of bed. If it wasn't for him, I probably wouldn't be here. The two holes in my heart were causing the problems and I needed an operation immediately to repair them. Unfortunately, the surgery didn't go well and they only managed to repair one of the holes. When I woke up from the operation, I had a really dry mouth and couldn't wait to have something to eat and drink. The biggest shock of all came when I was told that I needed a heart transplant and was put on the register. The doctors were stunned at how quickly heart failure came on - it usually takes years, but it took my heart less than six months to get to that stage. My whole world came crashing down, but I stayed strong. It was a choice between crying every day and getting on with my life. As time went on, life became even harder. I hated feeling weak all the time and needing help with everything. It got to the point where I thought I would never get a new heart. I was diagnosed with depression. Even though I thought that Christmas 2008 would be my last, I really enjoyed it and even had a good New Year. Everyone was crying for me when the clock struck midnight and they told me to keep fighting. A week later, I got a call from the doctors saying they'd found a suitable donor  . My wish came true and thankfully the operation went well. I spent four hours in surgery where they took out my old heart and put a new one in. When I woke up I burst out crying. I had a second chance at life. \n Answer: He decided to have an operation to repair the two holes in his heart.",
            "output": [
                "What happened when the author was having his second heart attack?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-47f9c4705d834a3d9ded9210fc14484b",
            "input": "Article: The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New. For centuries it kept the America from being discovered by the people of Europe. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the pacific, but it is still very large. It is more than 4,000 miles (6,000 km) wide where Columbus crossed it. Even at its narrowest it is about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) wide. There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is. But suppose no more rain fell into and no more water was brought to it by rivers. It would take the ocean about 4,000 years to dry up. On the average the water is a little more than 2 miles (3.2 km) deep, but in some places it is much deeper. The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico. This \"deep\" measures 30,246 feet --- almost six miles (9.6 km). Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea. Here the water is quiet, for there is little wind. Today the Atlantic is a great highway. It is not, however, always a smooth and safe one. Storms sweep across it and pile up great waves. Icebergs float down from the Far North across the paths of ships. We now have such fast ways of travelling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller. Columbus sailed for more than two months to cross it. A fast modern steamship can make the trip in less than four days. Airplanes fly from New York to London in only eight hours and from South America to Africa in four! \n Answer: On March 2nd",
            "output": [
                "Suppose it's February 27th, 2000. You take a steamship to cross the Atlantic to North America, when will you probably get there?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3311252803d640b98f452f2736de2369",
            "input": "Article: Dear Mr. Smith, I currently rent   APT#832 in the Canyon Crossing apartments. Overall, I am happy with the location. At the beginning I had planned to live here for at least two years. I like here. However, I am very disappointed in that there seems to be a terrible roach   problem. I can't invite any guest over because of this problem and I cannot recommend   Canyon Crossing to any of my classmates either. I have left two voice mails for you which are concerned with this problem. You have not returned either one. Therefore, this letter is my next step in hoping to solve the problem. I am kindly asking you to ask an exterminator   by July 15th. If you fail to do so, I will have no choice but to make a complaint to the BBB (Better Business Bureau). You are welcome to text me anytime at (435) 234-3452. I hope this problem will be solved soon. Thank you. Yours sincerely,                                                            Unhappy Ursula Dear Sir, I am a new resident   at Sunning Court. I have seen the condition of the building becoming worse and worse since I moved here last year. First of all, the management of the building is really terrible. Sometimes, there is a bad smell when I walk on the road. I see much rubbish there. No cleaners clean the rubbish. Many roaches and rats run around the building. My second problem is about the security  . I always see the guards reading newspapers or smoking when they are on duty. The security room is very dusty too. When I want to use the phone, they say, \"We can't help.\" I am therefore writing to demand your company's action to improve the situation. Thank you for your consideration. Yours faithfully, Chris Wong \n Answer: She is being troubled by roaches in her apartment.",
            "output": [
                "What's the major problem that Ursula is facing now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e71d214a9ad7442fb44dc066ff56af7d",
            "input": "Article: Phonetics Professor Henry Higgins first meets Eliza Doolittle, a flower girl, near the Royal Opera House, late on a cold March night. Eliza is selling flowers. Higgins is out on his endless search for new dialects of prefix = st1 /London's speech.      Higgins makes a bet with Colonel Pickering that he can turn the cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, into a lady within three months. To do so, he must change her thick Londonaccent, teach her to speak proper English and teach her manners.      Higgins looks upon her not as a person but as raw material for his experiment. He trains Eliza for weeks. When no progress is made, Eliza, loses her courage, Higgins loses his temper, and even Pickering's patience wears thin.      At last she improves. In order to test Eliza, he decides to introduce her to his mother's guests at the Ascot Race Meeting. Eliza proves to be a success. Pickering and Higgins are very proud, and neither of them takes into account Eliza's personal accomplishments in the matter. Eliza has absorbed the sophistication and the courage to see the unfairness of  this, and she _ , demanding recognition. The Professor is astonished. It is as though a statue has come to life and spoken. Eliza rushes out of the house angrily.      Higgins discovers that he is hurt because Eliza leaves him. He meets her at his mother's flat where she has gone for advice. They argue violently and she storms out. It is only a moment after her departure that Higgins finally wakes up to the fact that Eliza has become an entirely independent and admirable human being. He realizes that he will have a difficult time getting on without her. \n Answer: He is in search of new dialects.",
            "output": [
                "What is Henry Higgins doing when he meets Eliza?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-47edd17f60eb472b8de6ce4642881390",
            "input": "Article: Parents are not only looking for a unique name for their baby, but they also want a name that has a special meaning. American Indians usually have pretty interesting names. These names are given to them through various methods and usually by an elder. American Indians feel very strongly abouL naming their child, and it is almost treated like a ritual. In some American Indian cultures. they even hold a ceremony when they are to name a child Amcrican Indian children are usually named by an elder who could be eheir grandmother, grandfather. mother or father. The name given by the elder comes to them in many different forms such as charactcnstics of the person, dreams that the elder may have. or the name of a family member who has died It is also true that some Amerlcan Indians arc named after some sort of animal while others are named after nature Some tribes   name their children after events that happen before thiir birth. Also in different tribes. two of the American Indians in the same tribe can't share the same name Once the person with the name has died. then the name may be used again. It is said that Amcrican Indians believe that they shoutd not address the baby by the name that they are given because if the name is too well-known. the child or baby may be called back to the spirit world; this is what causes many American Indians to be given nicknames . Many Amcrican Indians arc more commonly known by their nicknames instead of their names given at birth \n Answer: An event before the child's birth.",
            "output": [
                "Which is not the way Indians name their child?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-634ed322b93f48fdaae62cad6204432c",
            "input": "Article: For the second time in three years, Norway's Robert Sorlie delivered a brave performance to win sled-dog racing's toughest contest--the Iditarod. The 47-year-old firefighter crossed the finish line in Nome, Alaska, at 8:39 a.m. local time Wednesday morning.  \"It feels good to be here,\" he declared, after passing the finish line. \"I'm ready for breakfast.\"  Frosty temperatures, rough land, and exhaustion couldn't break the musher  , who completed the race in 9 days, 18 hours, 39 minutes, and 31 seconds. Runner-up Ed Iten finished 34 minutes later, and defending champ Mitch Seavey finished third.  Sorlie took his first lead at the 365-mile mark, but fell into second place halfway through the race. With 500 miles to go, he regained the lead for good.  Iditarod officials rewarded Sorlie with a generous prize of $72,066 and a new truck. But even more exciting for the winner was the historic nature of his ride. By winning this year's race, Sorlie joins a best group of mushers, becoming only the sixth person to win the Iditarod more than once.  After winning several major long-distance races in Europe, Sorlie made his Iditarod first appearance in 2002, finishing in ninth place. A year later, he returned to take on the Alaskan wilderness once again, and won.  Iditarod: A Quick History Since 1973, the world's top competitors have gathered in Alaska to undertake the Iditarod's 1,150-mile trail, which stretches from Anchorage to Nome.  The race commemorates   a group of courageous mushers and dogs. In 1925, they traveled across part of the Idit trail to deliver serum   to save sick children in Nome. \n Answer: Twice.",
            "output": [
                "How many times has Robert Sorlie won the Iditarod?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4312357b081644d494feb5f957f64799",
            "input": "Article: Booking opens for Beckett Shorts on September . BY TELEPHONE For credit card booking. Calls are answered . BOX OFFICE        01789 295623    9 a.m.~ 8 p.m. (Mon.~ Sat) 0541 541051 (24 hours , 7 days , no booking charge ) BY FAX For credit card booking . Please allow at least 48 hours for reply , if required. BOX OFFICE         01789 261974  or  01862 387765 BY POST Please enclose   a cheque or credit card details together with an SAE or add 50 p to the total amount   to cover postage. Please send to the Box Office , RST, Stratford-upon-Avon , CV37 6BB. \n Answer: By post .",
            "output": [
                "In which of the following ways of booking does one probably have to pay extra money ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9e46f7ca9ffb4701b51179c942f59366",
            "input": "Article: Most people think about donating blood. However. Very few actuallv do it. Even the most consistent ones donate an average of just three to four times during their lifetime. Now the officials in Sweden are trying to change the trend with the help of modern-day technology. The encouragement to donate again begins shortly after the donor leaves the clinic when he/she receives a \"thank you\" text. Though that certainly helps them feel appreciated, what is even more pleasing is the text they receive each time their blood is used to help someone in need. Karolina Wiberg, manager of the Stockholm blood service, believes this small gesture not only results in repeat donors, but helps bring in new ones. The program that was started in Stockholm has received such positive feedback that it is now being rolled out across the country. However, Swedish officials are not stopping there. They are also encouraging local clinics to publish the exact levels of the different blood groups they have at any given time on their websites. This allows potential donors to realize that their blood can make a difference in saving someone ' s  life. While all these outreach programs are great, busy citizens, even the ones with the best intentions have to be occasionally reminded. In order to jog their memories, officials ask people for authorization to send them text, Facebook, and e-mail reminders. Though that may sound disturbing, the citizens do not seem to mind, given that the messages are light-hearted and fun-things like \"We won't give up until you bleed.\" Though Sweden is currently the only country using modern technology to urge more donations, don't be surprised if more join in, especially if the Nordic   country's blood banks start to overflow! \n Answer: To inform them their blood is used.",
            "output": [
                "Why is another text sent to blood donors after a \"thank you\" one?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e18a45b1549408caaf0cc33cbd2bb6b",
            "input": "Article: In a natural disaster--a hurricane, flood, volcanic eruption, or other catastrophes--minutes and even seconds of warning can make the difference between life and death.Because of this, scientists are working to use the latest technological advances to predict when and where disasters will happen.They are also studying how best to analyze and communicate this information once it is obtained. On September 29, 1998, Hurricane Georges made landfall in Biloxi, Mississippi, after damaging Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and several islands of the Caribbean badly with torrential rains and winds up to 160 km per hour.Few people lost their lives along the Gulf Coast of the United States, although hundreds died in the Caribbean. This was a very different outcome from 1900, when a powerful Gulf Coast hurricane made an unexpected direct hit on Galveston, Texas, killing at least 6,000 people. Vastly improved hurricane warnings explain the different circumstances at either end of the 20th century----residents of Galveston had no advance warning that a storm was approaching, while residents of Biloxi had been warned days in advance, allowing for extensive safety precautions . At the same time that people in Biloxi were thankful for the advance warning, some residents of New Orleans, Louisiana were less satisfied.A day before Georges made landfall, forecasters were predicting that the hurricane had a good chance of striking New Orleans.Because much of New Orleans lies below sea level, the city is at risk for flooding.Emergency management officials must begin evacuations well before a storm strikes.But evacuation costs money: businesses close, tourists leave, and citizens take precautionary measures.The mayor of New Orleans estimated that his city' s preparations for Georges cost more than 50 million.After Georges missed New Orleans, some residents questioned the value of the hurricane forecasts in the face of such high costs. The different views on the early warnings for Hurricane Georges show some of the complexities related to predicting disasters.Disaster prediction is a process of providing scientific information to the government officials and other decision makers who must respond to those predictions. \n Answer: To save people' s lives and property.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of disaster prediction according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-21488f8f275e4368896d304cc452545c",
            "input": "Article: What do astronauts eat in space, and why? How did astronaut food come into being? How do astronauts preserve food for long periods of time in space? NASA(the National Aeronautics and Space Administration) has been researching food for space travel since the 1960's to find the best way of keeping astronauts from going hungry. The research could date from an accident that took place on the first manned Gemini mission in 1965. astronaut John Young managed to sneak a corned beef sandwich onto the Geminni III capsule to eat during its orbit around Earth. To Young's surprise, the sandwich plan did not go as expected; instead the sandwich began to break apart and scatter through the Geminni IIIcapsule. This could have resulted in disaster, since a small piece of food could have stuck in the air vents and other equipment. The sandwich was stuffed into a pocket to avoid the further mess inside the small space capsule This incident caused NASA to enforce strict rules on what types of food can be taken into space. Space food has come a long way since then. During the Gemini period, the astronauts mostly ate cubed, compressed foods high in calories and lightweight. NASA expects a long shelf life for space food. The majority of food taken into space has been dried out or heat-treated. These process and use of sodium , make the food taken into space last longer. Research is ongoing into space food to seek out healthier ways to preserve it. Too much sodium is unhealthy, and can badly change the taste of some foods. \n Answer: He couldn't eat the sandwich he had bought",
            "output": [
                "What happened to John Young in the Geminni III capsule?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bab6875d2e53443289699e7f3c43f75c",
            "input": "Article: Read the following reviews for movies that are showing at the moment. And then answer questions.    ............................................................................................. Happiness(Romance)    Happiness tells the story of two people(Lisa Turbot and Danny Roy)who work for different advertising companies. They talk on the phone all the time and do not like each other. But then they  _ by e-mail and fall in love. This movie will be very popular with teenagers and people who like romances. It also has beautiful music.     ............................................................................................. I Scream(Thriller) In I Scream,Paul(Colin Jacks)is a young man who joins a thriller club. Each of the members tries to frighten the others. Paul is told to stay in an old house for the night. Everyone who has tried to stay in the house before has died. This movie is very frightening but also quite silly. It does not make sense for Paul to stay in the house when things start to go wrong. Only for people who like thrillers.      ............................................................................................. Paul's Heroes(comedy)  This is a very funny war movie set in World War Two. Six soldiers (including Sammy Tur- blow) have to get toprefix = st1 /Italyto take secret messages to the American army there. During the movie,they dress up as women and fight with Italian workers. You can guess the ending,but it is great fun getting there.     ............................................................................................. (Drama)      This is a very good drama with Jack Ross, who plays a hard--working truck driver. His wife becomes ill and he has to find a doctor who can help her. In his travels he meets Dr Lloyd(Phil  Driver) who has found the cure for the illness,but Jack Ross has only twelve hours to get the medicine back to his wife on the other side of America. This is an excellent movie,which is very exciting. \n Answer: No. 4",
            "output": [
                "Of which movie does the reviewer have the best opinion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f8aa27aeb6de4834a3a228a8574d0e5b",
            "input": "Article: Everyone has an ambition to travel. But those who cannot do so themselves might find it interesting to work in a travel agency, arranging journeys for other people. Brian Lawtey does this, working in a small travel agency in an industrial city. Most of his work is concerned with holiday, both at home and abroad. Every autumn, the agency sends out hundreds of booklets full of attractive, color1ed photographs, describing the holidays that their customers will be able to have the next year. Soon, people begin to come into the office to book their holidays: perhaps a week's skiing in prefix = st1 /Austriain January, perhaps a cruise to the Caribbean in February, perhaps a seaside holiday inSpainin May, or a tour of Africa. Brian often has to advise people on what holidays will be suitable for them, and they always have a lot of questions. Last year, for example, a lady of eighty-two wanted to book for a mountaineering holiday in the Alps, and Brian had great difficulty in persuading her that it would not be suitable. In the end, she decided to go for a Mediterranean cruise instead.   Arranging journeys for people who have to travel abroad on business is often very complicated, but Brian enjoys this work. For example, last spring Mr. Perry,a director of chemical firm, went on a business trip, and Brian arranged it all for him. First, Mr. Perry traveled to Londonby trainband stayed overnight in a hotel near the airport, because his plane left early the next morning. He flew to Frankfurt inGermany, where he spent the morning discussing business. Then he went on by train toZurich, where he stayed the night. After a meeting the next morning, he caught a plane for Tokyo, and spent three days there before going toAmerica. He had business in Seattle, Chicago andNew York, and stayed some time in each of those places. From New York, he flew back toLondon,and then got home by train. The next day he telephoned the agency to thank Brian for arranging everything so well for him. \n Answer: People who would like to travel but cannot.",
            "output": [
                "Who would like to work in a travel agency?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-14e77fe2dcf542899895fe9748ef7e4f",
            "input": "Article: I had in my hand a sheet of paper with handwritten instructions on it for some sort of editorial task.It occurred at first that I did not recognize the handwriting,and then I realized whose it must be.I finally became aware of the fact that I had been working with this colleague for at least a year,maybe two,and yet I did not recognize her handwriting at that point.     It was a very important event in the computerization of life--a sign that the informal.friendly communication of people working together in an office had changed from notes in pen to instant messages and emails.There was a time when our workdays were filled with little letters,and we recognized one another's handwriting the way we knew voices or faces.     As a child visiting my father's office,I was pleased to recognize,in little notes on the desks of his staff,the same handwriting I would see at home in the notes he would leave on the fridge-- except that those notes were signed\"dad\"instead of\"RFW\".     All this has been on my mind because of the talk aboutThe Rise and Fall of Handwriting,a book by Florey.She shows in her book a deep concern about the fall of handwriting and the failure of schools to teach children to write well,but many others argue that people in a digital age can't be expected to learn to hold a pen.     I don't buy it.     I don't want to see anyone cut off from the expressive,personal associations that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does.For many a biographer,part of really getting to know their subjects is learning to read their handwriting.     What some people advocate is teaching one of the many attractive handwritings based on the handwriting of 16th--century Italy.That may sound impossibly grand--as if they want kids to learn to draw by copying classical paintings.However,they have worked in many school systems. \n Answer: He had worked with his colleague long enough.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the author surprised at not recognizing his colleague's handwriting?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4af2b732c9684d4f9862ed72a3540841",
            "input": "Article: If you are not comfortable with school learning, there is another option for you--cyberschool. Cyberschool can also provide a comprehensive teaching service that offers academic guidance and assistance. This is in order to promote the learning process and create a formal, wellstructured environment for learning to take place. The center for Education Reform says the United States has 67 public \"cyberschools\" and that is about twice as many as two years ago.  The money for students to attend a cyberschool comes from the governments of the states where they live. Some educators say cyberschools receive money that should support traditional public schools. They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well. Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed. These people say cyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditional schools. They say learning at home by computer ends long bus rides for children who live far from school. Whatever the judgment of cyberschools, they are getting more and more popular.  Children get free equipment for their online education. This includes a computer, a printer, books and technical services. Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers when necessary. Even though cyberschools are therefore not technically a school, mostly they offer a fully complete and comprehensive program that covers a full school day to children up to Grade 9, after which schooling is no longer mandatory . \n Answer: They are usually under Grade 9.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know from the text about students of a cyberschool?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d61357b9254a429c9f1eb930057987fe",
            "input": "Article: It's not the first movie to show the end of the world. But in the latest box office hit 2012 it is neither aliens nor a killer disease that threaten the human race, but climate change. Some say the film lacks good dialogue and its science is questionable, others believe German director Roland Emmerich makes up for these flaws in special effects. An earthquake destroys the White House and Yellow stone  National Park ends up in flames. Emmerich borrows from the old Mayan  story which says, that the world will end in 2012.He is being criticized for Internet rumors  about doomsday  \"There is no factual basis for these claims,'' NASA said on its website. \"Credible  scientists worldwide know of no threat connected with 2012,'' it insisted. \"After all, our planet has been getting along just fine for more than 4 billion years, \" they added. According to the UK's Daily Telegraph, it was first thought that the disaster would happen in May 2003. When the world continued, supporters picked the last day of the Mayan calendar. \"Every culture has a myth  of destruction , just as they have a myth of creation. These myths |of destruction tend to surface  during times of crisis , \" Michael A. Ryan, an assistant profess of history,speaking to Purdue University News. Ryan studies apocalyptic  themes from the Middle Ages at the US university. \"Today's current economic climate is a state of crisis for many people who are worried whether they can afford to feed themselves,\"he added. \n Answer: A killer disease.",
            "output": [
                "What led to the end of the world according to the film 2012?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-025b7bb9b7014ac797109ffc0e3f2206",
            "input": "Article: Children lie on couches or sit on floors, nearly hypnotized  by all kinds of messages coming from the television. This scene has become all too familiar. Increasingly, young children are adopting a watching-TV lifestyle, at s stage in life when activity is important to their growth. Furthermore, family time is being destroyed by too much TV time. Here are some facts you need to know: *Research shows that children spend between five and six hours per day watching TV, and they go to bed before having any communication with other family members. *Time spent in front of a screen is reducing the amount of time children spend sleeping. *The more time a youth spends in front of a screen, the more likely he or she is to be overweight. Experts  offer the following advice to parents on how to stop their children from becoming addicted to television: *Do not put a TV in a child's bedroom. *Make meal time, family time -----turn off the TV during a family meal time. Better yet, remove the TV from the eating area. *Make TV time active time by doing simple exercise during advertisement breaks. *Help your kids be clever TV watchers by teaching them to recognize a sales trick in advertisements . *Create family memories by planning fun activities instead of always watching TV with your family. * _ . Limit your own TV watching to less than two hours per day. The best way to learn is to follow; this is especially true for children. \n Answer: Children's study can be badly influenced if they watch too much TV.",
            "output": [
                "Which fact is not mentioned  as a result of watching TV in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-13d1d8fed9c64714ab3367ed34060de4",
            "input": "Article: Yinxu (Ruins of Yin) is the ruins of the last capital of China's Shang Dynasty (1600 BC - 1046 BC). The capital served 255 years for 12 kings. It shows the golden age of early Chinese culture, crafts and science, a time of great prosperity   during the Chinese Bronze Age  . Discovered in 1899, Yinxu is one of the oldest and largest archeological sites   in China and is one of the historical capitals of China and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It lies in central Henan Province, near the modern city of Anyang, and is open to the public as the Garden Museum of Yinxu. It is famous as the source of oracle bone script  , the earliest recorded form of Chinese writing. The oracle bone script has recorded almost everything from dream-explaining to events such as harvests, birth of a child, the weather and the success of military campaigns. Over 3,000 tombs, 2,200 pits, and 200 houses have been dug out at Yinxu. The large number of burial accessories found there shows the high level of the Shang crafts industry. The site includes a main palace and an ancient tomb. Besides, there are a number of large buildings, at least 53 of which have been dug out. Yinxu has seen many years of research, first researched by the Academia Sinica in the late 1920s to the early 1930s and most recently by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. \n Answer: 1050 BC - 850 BC",
            "output": [
                "During which period may Yin have been the capital of Shang Dynasty?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ed2e91dcaaa456688fb6afd82f8da45",
            "input": "Article: SYDNEY (AFP) -- Thousands of people sat down to breakfast on the Sydney Harbor Bridge on Sunday after the bridge was closed to traffic and carpeted with grass for the first time for a giant picnic. About 6,000 early riser were on the steel bridge from 6:30 am to take part in the two-hour event designed to show Sydney's best food and outdoor lifestyle. As music performers provided the background music, those who had won tickets to the picnic in a random lottery   began to feast on fruit, pastries, muesli, yoghurt ... \"It's amazing to see the bridge in this perspective  ,\" said Don Fuchs who lives near the bridge, which is used by about 100,000 cars daily. \"Usually you sit in the car, you cross it, and that's it.\" \"It was beautiful,\" said Linda Curnow who attended the picnic with her family. \"The grass was so thick that it was like being in your backyard.\" New South Wales state Premier Nathan said the event was set to become a mark of an annual Sydney's month-long October food festival. About 45,000 people applied for tickets to the breakfast for which people brought their own food but were able to taste samples from some of the state's best producers. Organizers used about 40 percent of the grass on Sydney parks. The bridge reopened at about 1:00 pm. \n Answer: The thick grass covering the bridge.",
            "output": [
                "What made Linda Curnow feel as if she were in her own backyard?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-35a607b802a24e6ab69be1a57241beb6",
            "input": "Article: What's on TV? 6:00  Channel 3Let's Talk! Guest: Animal expert Jim Porter       Channel 5   Cartoons       Channel 8   News       Channel 9   News 7:00      Channel 3Cooking with Cathy Tonight: Chicken with mushrooms       Channel 5   MovieA laugh a Minute(1955) James Rayburn       Channel 8   Spin   for Dollars!       Channel 9   Farm Report 7:30      Channel 3   Double Trouble (comedy)The twins disrupt the high school dance       Channel 9   Wall Street Today. Stock Market Report 8:00      Channel 3   NBA Basketball. Teams to be announced Channel 8  Movie At Day's End (1981) Michael Collier, Julie Romer. Drama set in World War II Channel 9   News Special \"Saving Our Waterways: Pollution in the Mississippi\" \n Answer: Farm Report",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following programs is most likely intended for housewives?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9a3aded12b934fca92545e19c01516f9",
            "input": "Article: Christmas in the United States is traditionally a time of gift-giving and family gatherings.But small towns across the country have their own traditions. Middleburg,a small town in the state of Virginia,is known for its horses.For more than 50 years,Middleburg has organized a yearly Christmas parade .Men and women ride horses through the woods and fields.They follow hunting dogs as they search for a wild fox.But first,these hunters ride in the yearly parade,wearing their bright red hunting clothes and hats. John Hale,a citizen of Middleburg says many city people visit his town.\"We have a lot of people from an urban area that come to visit,but it incorporates a lot of the o1d traditions.\" The nighttime hay ride is one such tradition.Small groups gather under the moonlight on an open wagon filled with hay.The passengers sing as farm horses pull the wagon slowly across the fields. There are some newer traditions,too.Trey Matheu works at the nearby Salamander Resort.He says a visit to Middleburg is a chance to slow down for a day.He says Middleburg can be a calming,peaceful place without tension. \"Middleburg is an opportunity to take a step back,to take a deep breath,and understand that  even though life is moving on at a very fast pace,there's really an opportunity where you're allowed to step off for a little bit.\" Parade organizers say more than 13,000 people attend even in below-freezing weather. But if you ask,you will hear many different reasons why people come to watch the parade: \"I come here because I'm from a small town.  I like how everybody comes together.\"\"I live right down that street;right there.And that's my dog.\" Middleburg looks its best at Christmastime.That may be why so many people return each year. \n Answer: Newer traditions at Christmastime",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9f0dec1b280b43c2b0ddcab5a7ce003f",
            "input": "Article: Dolphins call out the specific names of loved ones when they become separated, a study finds. Other than humans, they are the only animals known to do this, according to the study. The big difference with dolphins is that these communications consist of whistles , not words. Earlier research found that dolphins have a \"signature whistle\" that would be somewhat like human shouting, \"Hey everybody! I'm an adult healthy male named George, and I mean you no harm. \" The new finding is that dolphins also say the names of certain other dolphins. \"Animals produced copies of the same sound when they were separated from a close partner. This supports our belief that dolphins copy another animal's signature whistle when they want to reunite with that animal,\" Stephanie King, who led the study, says. King and her colleagues collected acoustic data from wild dolphins around Sarasota Bay, Florida, from 1984 to 2009. The researchers also studied four adult male dolphins _ at the Seas Aquarium, also in Florida. Those males are adults that keepers named Calvin, Khyber, Malabar and Ranier, all of whom, as well as all of the wild ones, developed their own signature whistles that served as names in communication with other dolphins. \"A dolphin uses its signature whistle to broadcast its identity and announce its presence. The signature whistles allow animals to identify one another over long distances and allow animals to recognize one another and to join up with each other,\" King explains. \"Dolphin whistles can be heard up to 20km away, depending on water depth and whistle frequency .\" The researchers said dolphins copy the signature whistles of loved ones, such as a mother, when the two are separated. These \"names\" are always used in positive situations, and are only directed toward loved ones. While researchers are often unwilling to apply the word language to non-human communications, dolphins clearly have a very complex communication system. \n Answer: The dolphin's age.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following plays a part in whether dolphin whistles can be heard over a distance?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dded87978b1449a6b4910b803169a081",
            "input": "Article: Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws   on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6m above the river, an important feature   for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin. In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young. Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak  , they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws. During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes. \n Answer: The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-300967f3aeee4d6db21c1d3390bd5674",
            "input": "Article: There are quite a few advantages of wearing school uniforms. The idea may seem disagreeable at first, but considering all the positive effective coming from wearing uniforms you would be more likely to enjoy them. Teachers love school uniforms because it helps provide an orderly learning environment. Having students dressed in uniforms may teach them how to present themselves in a neat and professional manner. It gives students the opportunity to learn how to dress like young ladies and gentleman. And they can focus their attention on academics rather than style. Purchasing school uniforms is easy and needs less hesitation  and consideration. No matter what the school' s policy is, there are only specific essential  pieces to the wardrobe  that are necessary, so _ . A few wardrobe items can last a long time. Parents could also enjoy an easy morning, as it will take less time to choose a set of clothes for the school day. Students wearing uniforms will feel less pressure about what to wear or not to wear when their classmates are dressed similarly. Getting dressed before school becomes less of a chore when students are limited in their choices, so there shouldn't be any trouble about choosing an outfit for the day and getting ready quickly. Some students may not like the lack of individuality  with a uniform, but some school dress code policies may offer them the opportunities to show their unique styles. Uniforms today are also becoming trendier and can be seen in many areas of pop culture. Celebrities and fashion designers are using uniforms as inspiration for new looks which also appeal to students. \n Answer: How to deal with pressure in school.",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a34f47fef04746f6b729dca85b31a9ed",
            "input": "Article: Not so long ago almost student who successfully completed a university degree could find a good career quite easily. However. those days are gone, even in Hong Kong, and nowadays graduates often face strong competition in the search for jobs. Job seekers first have to make a careful assessment of their own abilities. One area of assessment should be of their academic qualifications, which would include special skills within their subject area. Graduates should also consider their own personal values and attitudes, or the   importance to themselves of such matters as money, security, leadership and caring for others. The second stage is to study the opportunities available for employment. Job application forms and letters should, of course, be filled in carefully and correctly, without grammar or spelling errors. When graduates are asked to attend for interview, they should prepare properly by finding out all they can about the prospective employer. Dressing suitably and arriving for the interview on time are also obviously important. Interviewees should try to give positive and helpful answers and should not be afraid to ask questions about anything they are unsure about. This is much better than pretending to understand a question and giving an unsuitable answer. It is true that it is hard to find a good job. But there will always be good career opportunities for people with ability, skills and determination; the secret to securing good jobs in to be one of them. \n Answer: The education you receive has nothing to do with job-hunting",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb9f60325ca84c93a7c6abbd239e57c4",
            "input": "Article: Cooking food over a smoky fire is found everywhere in the world. It is often difficult to find wood for the fire. People who do not have wood must spend large amounts of money on cooking fuel. However, there is a much easier way to cook food using energy from the sun. Solar cookers, or ovens, have been used for centuries. A Swiss scientist made the first solar oven in 1767. Today, people are using solar cookers in many countries around the world. People use solar ovens to cook food and to heat drinking water to kill bacteria and other harmful organisms. There are three kinds of solar ovens. The first is a box cooker. It is designed with a special wall that shines or reflects sunlight into the box. Heat gets trapped under a piece of glass or plastic covering the top of the cooker. A box oven is effective for slow cooking of large amounts of food. The second kind of solar oven is a panel  cooker. It includes several flat walls, or panels, which directly reflect the sun's light onto the food. The food is inside a separate container of plastic or glass that traps heat energy. People can build panel cookers quickly and with very few supplies. They do not cost much. In Kenya, for example, panel cookers are being manufactured for just two dollars. The third kind of solar oven is a parabolic  cooker. It has rounded walls that aim sunlight directly into the bottom of the oven. Food cooks quickly in parabolic ovens. However, these cookers are hard to make. They must be re-aimed often to follow the sun. Parabolic cookers can also cause burns and eye injuries if they are not used correctly. You can make solar ovens from boxes or heavy paper. They will not catch fire. Paper burns at 232 degrees Celsius. A solar cooker never gets that hot. Solar ovens cook food at low temperatures over long periods of time. This permits people to leave food to cook while they do other things. To learn more about solar cooking, you can write to Solar Cookers International. The postal address is nineteen-nineteen Twenty-First Street, Sacramento, California, nine-five-eight-one-one, USA. Or you can visit the group's Internet Web site. The address is www.solarcooking.org. \n Answer: Less than 250 years",
            "output": [
                "How long is the first solar cookers invented?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6465808f265b4193be52193f36751df0",
            "input": "Article: At a primary school in a small town in the east of South Carolina, second-grade teachers Garneau and Lynne are convinced that separating elementary-age boys and girls produces immediate academic improvement in both genders . David Chadwell, South Carolina's expert of single gender education says, \"Boys and girls learn, hear and respond to their surroundings differently.We can teach boys and girls based on what we now know.\" Male and female eyes are not organized in the same way, he explains.The organization of the male eye makes it sensitive to motion and direction.\"Boys understand the world as objects moving through space,\" he says. The male eye is also drawn to cooler colors like silver and black.It's no accident that boys tend to create pictures of moving objects instead of drawing the happy colorful family, like girls do in their class. The female eye, on the other hand, is drawn to warmer colors like red, yellow and orange.To attract girls, Chadwell says, the teacher doesn't need to move as much as in boy's class.Using descriptive phrases and lots of colors in presentations or on the blackboard gets their attention. Boys and girls also hear differently.\"When someone speaks in a loud tone, girls understand it as yelling,\" Chadwell says.\"They think you're mad and can shut down.\" Girls are more sensitive to sounds.He advises girls' teachers to watch the tone of their voices.Boys' teachers should sound more forceful, even excited. A boy's nervous system causes him to be more cautious when he is standing, moving, and the room temperature is around 69 degrees Fahrenheit.Stress in boys, he says, tends to increase blood flow to their brains, a process that helps them stay focused.Girls are more focused when seated in a warmer room around 75 degrees Fahrenheit.Girls also respond to stress differently.When exposed to threat and conflict, blood goes to their guts , leaving them feeling nervous or anxious. These differences can be applied in the classroom, Chadwell adds.\"Single gender programs are about making the best use of the learning.\" \n Answer: Supportive",
            "output": [
                "What is David Chadwell's attitude toward separating elementary-age boys and girls while learning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d8efb686afd42ec87cd8d80ca3746c0",
            "input": "Article: When Colonel Harland Sanders retired at the age of 65, he had little to show for himself, except an old Caddie roadster, a $105 monthly pension check ,and a recipe for chicken. Knowing he couldn't live on his pension, he took his chicken recipe in hand, got behind the wheel of hisvan ,and set out to make his fortune. His first plan was to sell his chicken recipe to restaurant  owners, who would in turn give him aresidual for every piece of chicken they sold--5 cents per chicken. The first restaurateur he called on turned him down. So did the second. So did the third. In fact, the first 1,008 sales calls Colonel Sanders made ended in rejection. Still, he continued to call on owners as he traveled across the USA, sleeping in his car to save money. Prospect number 1,009 gave him first \"yes\". After two years of making daily sales he had signed up a total of five restaurants. Still the Colonel pressed on , knowing that he had a great chicken recipe and that someday the idea would _ . Of course, you know how the story ends. The idea did catch on. By 1963 the Colonel had 600 restaurants across the country selling his secret recipe of Kentucky Fried Chicken (with ll herbs and spices ). In 1964 he was bought out by future Kentucky governor John Brown.Even though the sale made him a multi-millionaire, he continued to represent and promote KFC until his death in 1990. \n Answer: He couldn't live on his pension because he had a chicken recipe in hand.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about Colonel Sanders is wrong according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e98ef6eae87476cae6e2057a47022fb",
            "input": "Article: _ , by the U.S. education system. Remarkably, he could read, yet, in spite of his reading skills, Steve was failing. He had been failing since first grade, as he was passed on from grade to grade. Steve was a big boy, looking more like a teenager than a twelve year old, yet, Steve went unnoticed... until Miss White. Miss White was a smiling, young, beautiful redhead, and Steve was in love! For the first time in his young life, he couldn't take his eyes off his teacher; yet, still he failed. He never did his homework, and he was always in trouble with Miss White. His heart would break under her sharp words, and when he was punished for failing to turn in his homework, he felt just miserable! Still, he did not study. In the middle of the first semester of school, the entire seventh grade was tested for basic skills. Steve hurried through his tests, and continued to dream of other things, as the day wore on. His heart was not in school, but in the woods, where he often escaped alone, trying to shut out the sights, sounds and smells of his alcoholic home. No one checked on him to see if he was safe. No one knew he was gone, because no one was sober  enough to care. Oddly, Steve never missed a day of school. One day, Miss White's impatient voice broke into his daydreams. \"Steve!!\" Startled, he turned to look at her. \"Pay attention!\" Steve locked his gaze on Miss White with adolescent adoration  , as she began to go over the test results for the seventh grade. \"You all did pretty well,\" she told the class, \"except for one boy, and it breaks my heart to tell you this, but...\" She hesitated, pinning Steve to his seat with a sharp stare, her eyes searching his face. \"...The smartest boy in the seventh grade is failing my class!\" She just stared at Steve, as the class spun around for a good look. Steve dropped his eyes and carefully examined his fingertips. After that, it was war!! Steve still wouldn't do his homework. Even as the punishments became more severe, he remained stubborn. \"Just try it! ONE WEEK!\" He was unmoved. \"You're smart enough! You'll see a change!\" Nothing fazed him. \"Give yourself a chance! Don't give up on your life!\" Nothing. \"Steve! Please! I care about you!\" Wow! Suddenly, Steve got it!! Someone cared about him? Someone, totally unattainable and perfect, CARED ABOUT HIM??!! Steve went home from school, thoughtful, that afternoon. Walking into the house, he took one look around. Both parents were passed out, in various stages of undress, and the stench  was overpowering! He, quickly, gathered up his camping gear, a jar of peanut butter, a loaf of bread, a bottle of water, and this time...his schoolbooks. Grim faced and determined, he headed for the woods. The following Monday he arrived at school on time, and he waited for Miss White to enter the classroom. She walked in, all sparkle and smiles! God, she was beautiful! He yearned for her smile to turn on him. It did not. Miss White, immediately, gave a quiz on the weekend homework. Steve hurried through the test, and was the first to hand in his paper. With a look of surprise, Miss White took his paper. Obviously puzzled, she began to look it over. Steve walked back to his desk, his heart pounding within his chest. As he sat down, he couldn't resist another look at the lovely woman. Miss White's face was in total shock! She glanced up at Steve, then down, then up. Suddenly, her face broke into a radiant smile. The smartest boy in the seventh grade had just passed his first test! From that moment nothing was the same for Steve. Life at home remained the same, but life still changed. He discovered that not only could he learn, but he was good at it! He discovered that he could understand and retain knowledge, and that he could translate the things he learned into his own life. Steve began to excel! And he continued this course throughout his school life. After high-school Steve enlisted in the Navy, and he had a successful military career. During that time, he met the love of his life, he raised a family, and he graduated from college Magna Cum Laude. During his Naval career, he inspired many young people, who without him, might not have believed in themselves. Steve began a second career after the Navy, and he continues to inspire others, as an adjunct professor  in a nearby college.  Miss White left a great legacy. She saved one boy who has changed many lives. I know, because I am the love of his life. You see, it's simple, really. A change took place within the heart of one boy, all because of one teacher, who cared. \n Answer: Miss White's praise",
            "output": [
                "What made Steve change greatly all of a sudden?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c767e40447f04db2b1f66f7432dfbcdd",
            "input": "Article: Many of us have heard stories about teachers who can \"see\" into a student's future. Even if a student is not performing well, they can predict success. We are convinced that this ability, this gift, is evidence that they were \"called to teach\" . If the gift of sight is evidence, how greater must be the gift of touch. I have a story. I grew up in the fifties in a poor African American neighborhood in Stockton, California, that had neither sidewalks nor an elementary school. Each day, always in groups at our parents' insistence, my friends and I would leave home early enough to walk eight blocks to school and be in our seats when the bell rang. For four blocks, we walked on dusty roads. By the fifth block, we walked on sidewalks that led to lovely homes and to Fair Oaks Elementary School. It was at Fair Oaks, in a sixth grade English class, that I met Ms. Victoria Hunter, a teacher who had a huge influence on my life. During reading periods, she would walk around the room, stop at our desks, stand over us for a second or two, and then touch us. Without saying anything to us (nothing could break the silence of reading periods), she would place two fingers lightly on our throats and hold them there for seconds. I learned many years later when I was a student at Stanford University that teachers touch the throat of students to check for sub-vocalization  , which slows down the reading speed. I did not know at the time why Ms. Hunter was touching our throats, but I was a serious and respectful student and so, during silent reading period, I did what Ms. Hunter told us to do. I kept my eyes on the material I was reading and waited for her to place her fingers lightly on my throat. One day, out of curiosity, I raised my head from my book -- though not high -- so that I could see Ms. Hunter, a white woman from Canada, moving up and down the rows, stopping at the desks of my classmates. I wanted to see how they reacted when she touched their throats. She walked past them. I was confused. Did she pass them by because they were model students? What did we, the students who were touched, not do right? I sat up straighter in my chair, thinking that my way of sitting might be the problem. I was confused. Several days later, I watched again, this time raising my head a little higher. Nothing changed. Ms. Hunter touched the same students. Always, she touched me. She touched me with her hands. She also touched me with her belief in my ability to achieve. She motivated me by demanding the best from me and by letting teachers I would meet in junior high school know that I should be challenged, that I would be serious about my work. I am convinced that she touched me because she could \"see\" me in the future. That was true of all of us at Fair Oaks who sat still and silent as Ms. Hunter placed her fingers lightly on our throats. We left Fair Oaks as \"best students,\" entered John Marshall Junior High School, finished at the top of our high school class, and went on to earn graduate degrees in various subjects. Ms. Hunter saw us achieving and she touched us to make certain that we would. I was not surprised that she came to my graduation ceremony at Edison High School in Stockton or that she talked to me about finishing college and earning a Ph. D. She expected that of me. She gave me a beautifully wrapped box. Inside was a gift, the beauty of which multiplies even as it touches me: _ . \n Answer: The ability to predict the near future of a poor student.",
            "output": [
                "According to the writer, what is a special ability many good teachers possess?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ef8ac7bf39f34fc68ff4b8298297f3cd",
            "input": "Article: October 15th is Global Handwashing Day. Activities are planned in more than twenty countries to get millions of people in the developing world to wash their hands with soap. Experts say people around the world wash their hands but very few use soap at so-called extremely moments. These include after using the toilet,after cleaning a baby and before touching food. Global Handwashing Day is the idea of the Public Private Partnership for handwashing with soap. The goal,they say,is to create a culture of handwashing with soap. The organizers say all soaps are equally effective at removing disease-causing germs  .They say the correct way to wash is to wet your hands with a small amount of water and cover them with soap. Rub it into all areas,including under the fingernails. Then,wash well under running water. Finally,dry your hands with a clean cloth. The Partnership says soap is important because it increases the time that people spend washing. Soap also helps to break up the dirt that holds most of the germs. And it usually  leaves a pleasant smell,which increases the chances that people will wash again. It also says that washing hands with soap before eating and after using the toilet could save more lives than any medicine. It could help reduce cases of diarrhea  ,which is the second leading cause of child deaths,killing more than one and a half million children a year,by almost half. \n Answer: It gets all people into the habit of washing hands.",
            "output": [
                "Which fact can't explain why soap is important?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f18785c7727742b9878e7452672c2e16",
            "input": "Article: Imagine that 7 out of 10 working Americans got fired tomorrow. What would they all do? It's hard to believe it would happen. But that is what the industrial revolution did to the labor force of the early 19th century. Two hundred years ago, 70 percent of American workers lived on the farm. Today automation  has eliminated all but one percent of their jobs, replacing them with machines. But these workers did not sit, doing nothing. Instead, automation created hundreds of millions of jobs in completely new fields. Those who once farmed were then working in factories that produced farm equipment, cars, and other industrial products. It may be hard to believe, but before the end of this century, _ Yes, dear reader, even you will have your job taken away by machines. In other words, robot replacement is just a matter of time, First, speedy robots being able to lift 150 pounds all day long will carry boxes, sort them, and load them onto trucks. Fruit and vegetable picking will continue to be robotized until no humans pick outside of specialty farms. Next, The work of cleaning in offices and schools will be taken over by late-night robots. The trucks will be driven by robots. We need to let robots take over. They will do jobs we have been doing, and do them much better than we can. They will do jobs we can't do at all. They will do jobs we never imagined even needed to be done, and they will help us discover new jobs for ourselves and new tasks that expand who we are. They will let us focus on becoming more human than we were. \n Answer: The industrial revolution caused many Americans to lose their jobs.",
            "output": [
                "What happened in the early 19th century?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eda89cbf95164ef29b8f672eb35b245e",
            "input": "Article: Batteries are included, but the charger's not. The Nokia E-Cu concept phone doesn't need to plug in, it charges from any heat source. Designer Patrick Hyland says it can even work off the warmth of your pocket. The first time \"it would take approximately seven hours to reach full charge, then after that it's continuously charging by keeping the phone in areas between 86 degrees and 104 degrees Fahrenheit.\" That's one hot pocket.? He's put a thermogenerator  inside the phone that transforms heat into electric potential energy. To better conduct the heat to that little power plant in your pocket, the E-Cu (E for energy, Cu for copper) is coated by copper backing with heat sinks like those normally used to keep electronics from overheating. Nokia doesn't have current plans to build the phone, so for now it remains a concept. But Hyland says he's open to anyone who wants to cooperate. For Americans this technology would certainly be convenient. It would also save a bit on energy bills and waste. \"Annually, unwanted phone chargers produce 51,000 tons of waste in addition to the greenhouse gases created by the production of the electricity needed to charge them,\" Hyland says. So a charger-free phone is also a green phone. Though adapting our plug in habits would help a group of people, most cell phone related energy use comes from leaving your charger plugged in all day unnecessarily. The real potential for charger-free cell phone technology is what it could enable places where plugging in isn't an option, like rural areas in the developing world. Cell phones are spreading faster than power lines and bringing with them countless opportunities, aid and health advances. A phone like the E-Cu, if it ever comes to be, would enable all manner of expanded aid and development by phone projects. Let's hope Patrick finds a partner. \n Answer: It has a highly conductive copper cover.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the E-cu phone?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5815a6a48d5f4f7fa7eed20455f43bc7",
            "input": "Article: At Denver there was an crowd of passengers into the coaches  on the eastbound B. & M. express. In one coach there sat a very pretty young woman dressed in elegant taste and surrounded by all the luxurious comforts of an experienced traveler. Among the newcomers were two young men, one of handsome presence with a bold, frank face expression and manner; the other a ruffled, glum-faced person, heavily built and roughly dressed. The two were handcuffed  together. As they passed down the aisle of the coach the only available seat offered was a reversed one facing the attractive young woman. Here the linked couple seated themselves. The young woman's glance fell upon them with a distant, swift disinterest; then with a lovely smile brightening her face and a tender pink tingeing(,) her rounded cheeks, she held out a little gray-gloved hand. When she spoke her voice, full, sweet, and deliberate, proclaimed that its owner was accustomed to speak and be heard. \"Well, Mr. Easton, if you will make me speak first, I suppose I must. Don't you ever recognize old friends when you meet them in the West?\" The younger man aroused himself sharply at the sound of her voice, seemed to struggle with a slight embarrassment which he threw off instantly, and then clasped her fingers with his left hand. \"It's Miss Fairchild,\" he said, with a smile. \"I'll ask you to excuse the other hand; \"it's otherwise engaged just at present.\" He slightly raised his right hand, bound at the wrist by the shining \"bracelet\" to the left one of his companion. The glad look in the girl's eyes slowly changed to a bewildered horror. The glow faded from her cheeks. Her lips parted in a vague(,), relaxing distress. Easton, with a little laugh, as if amused, was about to speak again when the other forestalled him. The glum-faced man had been watching the girl's face expression with veiled glances from his keen, shrewd eyes. \"You'll excuse me for speaking, miss, but, I see you're acquainted with(,) the officer here. If you'll ask him to speak a word for me when we get to the pen(,) he'll do it, and it'll make things easier for me there. He's taking me to Leavenworth prison. It's seven years for cheating.\" \"Oh!\" said the girl, with a deep breath and returning color. \"So that is what you are doing out here? An officer!\" \"My dear Miss Fairchild,\" said Easton, calmly, \"I had to do something. Money has a way of taking wings with itself, and you know it takes money to keep step with our crowd in Washington. I saw this opening  in the West, and well, an officer isn't quite as high a position as that of ambassador, but--\" \"The ambassador,\" said the girl, warmly, \"doesn't call any more. I needn't ever have done so. You ought to know that. And so now you are one of these brave Western heroes, and you ride and shoot and go into all kinds of dangers. That's different from the Washington life. You have been missed from the old crowd.\" The girl's eyes, fascinated, went back, widening a little, to rest upon the glittering handcuffs. \"Don't you worry about them, miss,\" said the other man. \"All officers handcuff themselves to their prisoners to keep them from getting away. Mr. Easton knows his business.\" \"Will we see you again soon in Washington?\" asked the girl. \"Not soon, I think,\" said Easton. .\" \"I love the West,\" said the girl irrelevantly. Her eyes were shining softly. She looked away out the car window. She began to speak truly and simply without the gloss of style and manner: \"Mamma and I spent the summer in Denver. She went home a week ago because father was slightly ill. I could live and be happy in the West. I think the air here agrees with me. Money isn't everything. But people always misunderstand things and remain stupid--\" \"Say, officer,\" shouted the glum-faced man. \"This isn't quite fair. I'm needing a drink, and haven't had a smoke all day. Haven't you talked long enough? Take me in the smoker now, won't you? I'm half dead for a pipe.\" The bound travelers rose to their feet, Easton with the same slow smile on his face. \"I can't deny a require for tobacco,\" he said, lightly. \"It's the one friend of the unfortunate. Good-bye, Miss Fairchild. Duty calls, you know.\" He held out his hand for a farewell. \"It's too bad you are not going East,\" she said, reclothing herself with manner and style. \"But you must go on to Leavenworth, I suppose?\" \"Yes,\" said Easton, \"I must go on to Leavenworth.\" The two men sidled down the aisle into the smoker. The two passengers in a seat near by had heard most of the conversation. Said one of them: \"That officer is a good sort of man. Some of these Western fellows are all right.\" \"Pretty young to hold an office like that, isn't he?\" asked the other. \"Young!\" exclaimed the first speaker, \"why--Oh! Didn't you catch on? Say--did you ever know an officer to handcuff a prisoner to his right hand?\" \n Answer: Because he was afraid Miss Fairchild would find the truth.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the glum-faced man urge Easton to the smoker?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8fcd9512cbfd41c4a37a6c90c7817cee",
            "input": "Article: Mr. and Mrs. Wu were fed up with their neighbor. He was always borrowing things from them. \"It's not right.\" Mr. Wu said to his wife one evening. \"At some time or another that man has borrowed nearly everything we have. Almost every day he comes over to borrow something.\" \"You are quite right,\" his wife replied, \"and most of the things he's never returned.\" \"What I want to know,\" her husband said, \"is why he can't buy the things he needs like everyone else.\" \"Because people like us are foolish enough to lend him what he needs.\" she replied. \"As long as we are willing to lend, he'll keep on borrowing.\" \"Then we'll never lend him anything again.\" Mr. Wu said. \"The next time he asks to borrow something, I'll say no.\" \"We must have a good reason for saying no,\" his wire said, \"and we must always try to be polite to him. We don't want to make an enemy of the man.\" It was not long before their decision not to lend their neighbor anything ever again was put to the test. The next morning there was a knock on the door. Mr. Wu went to answer it. Their neighbor was standing there. Mr. Wu knew he was going to ask to borrow something, and was ready to refuse him politely. \"Good morning,\" their neighbor said, \"I'm sorry to trouble you, but I wonder if I could borrow your garden scissors.\" \"I'm sorry,\" Mr. Wu said, \"but I'm afraid my wife and I will be using them today. We'll be spending all day working in the garden.\" \"Oh, ! see.\" the neighbor said, \"In that case, may I borrow your golf clubs? You won't be needing them if you are working in the garden all day, will you?\" \n Answer: He never returned them.",
            "output": [
                "What did the neighbor do with most of the things he had borrowed?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-99445f5077d44fc7af7c889b070013e7",
            "input": "Article: We all know that if we want to keep our body in good shape we have to do physical exercise regularly as well as be careful with what we eat. What we tend to forget is that this goes for our eyes as well. Medical science confirms that a diet rich in carotenoids   can help maintain good vision  and prevent against a number of eye diseases. Here's some advice about how to choose the right diet to keep your eyes healthy. -- Eat orange food. Fruits and vegetables with orange flesh are rich in carotenoids. In addition to carrots,oranges,pumpkins and sweet potatoes are also available. All of these contain high levels of carotenoids,which help to maintain good vision. -- Include dark green vegetables,such as spinach   and broccoli   in your diet, to act as natural sunglasses. Recent scientific studies have shown that these vegetables can help block   the damaging UV radiation from the sun's rays. -- Prevent some eye diseases with orange juice, yellow corn, whole milk, nuts and leafy vegetables. These foods are good sources of vitamins A, C, D and E. All of these are  necessary to good eye health. -- Increase your intake of omega!3 with some sea fish, and some other seafood. Omega-3 helps build cell walls and is especially beneficial to keeping eyes healthy .It also helps regulate the eye's internal pressure and helps the eye dry up excess fluid. \n Answer: It is rich in various vitamins.",
            "output": [
                "Why should people eat orange food according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fddcb38a7c144b52a091821fb12454b5",
            "input": "Article: At primary school in New Zealand, I was introduced to a school savings account run by one of the local banks. When our money box was full, we took it to the bank and watched with pride as our coins flowed across the counter. As a reward,we could choose our next money box from a small variety, and start the whole savings routine again. Every week I watched my parents sort out the housekeeping and \"make ends meet\". Sometimes it was annoying to wait for things we really felt we needed. Later, as a university student, I managed on an extremely small student allowance. Students were ignored by banks then, because we were so poor, and there was no way I could have gotten credit, even if I had tried. We collected our allowance three times each year, deposited it to the best advantage and withdrew it little by little to last until the next payout of the allowance. When our daughter, Sophie, began to walk, we made a purposeful choice to encourage her to use money wisely. We often comment when the TV tells us \"You owe it to yourself to borrow our money\"--to whom do we really owe it? And what would happen if our income were reduced or dried up? Now, as a 12-year-old child, it's almost embarrassing to see her tight \"financial policy\",and wait for the unavoidable holiday sales to buy what she wants. I agree that financial education in schools is very important. But the root of the problem lies with us and the way we behave as role models to those who follow. \n Answer: How to make ends meet.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author learn from her parents?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2c8ba4ac99e44961919e2fcfd10ed9f0",
            "input": "Article: Since the beginning of history, man has been attracted by the idea of living forever, of winning the fight against death and disease. So far, this has only remained a dream. Many people have wondered whether it would be possible to find a way to preserve human bodies, and what would be the best way. It has long been known that meat of fruit can be kept fresh for long periods by freezing; in ancient China, for example, food was stored with ice to keep it fresh. This method could also be useful for preserving humans. However, most living beings that exist under warm conditions die when frozen. This is because of the harmful effects of freezing ice crystals , which not only are larger than the volume  of the water originally in the cells, but also form sharp cutting shapes that harm the cells. In the 1940s Dr B.J. Luyet and a group of scientists in England were working on the problem of freezing cells without damaging them. Since the harm caused by ice crystals was the main cause of damage, Luyet suggested removing some or all of the water from the cells before freezing them. Using living cells form chicken, Luyet and his assistants discovered that they could partly dry the chicken cells, using a mixture of the white part of an egg and glycerin  . Some success was obtained. The chicken cells were dried, frozen for a period of time, and then carefully unfrozen. Almost all the cells recovered when they reached normal temperatures. Since then, the cooling of whole animals to a temperature far below freezing point for later unfreezing has become more of a possibility, and the glycerin method would probably be used to accomplish this. When this can be done completely and successfully, science will have moved much closer to its aim of freezing and storing incurable patients until the day they can be cured. \n Answer: The possibility of preserving human bodies by freezing.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9af727544ff74600ad6304771a74d678",
            "input": "Article: NEW YORK (Reuters)-- The average number of monthly visitors to U. S. newspaper websites rose by nearly a third in the first half of 2006,a study released on Wednesday said,though print readership at some larger papers fell. The study, released by the Newspaper Association of America, underlines the internet' s importance to papers beset  by failing circulation and advertising income in their print editions. The average number of unique visitors to online newspaper sites in the first half was more than 55.5 million a month ,the study said. That compares with 42.2 million a year earlier. \"Newspaper websites have become a significant addition to the print product, and are driving large audience growth, \" said John Kimball9the association' s chief marketing officer. The number of page views at newspaper sites rose by about 52 percent in the first half, the association added. US Newspaper publishers have been fighting to hold on to advertisers as many of them lose readers to other media, including the Internet, Key to the latest report is the finding that websites are bringing in more younger readers, the association said. The Washington Post, s website increased its audience reachamong readers aged25 to 34 by more than 60 percent, the report said. Audience reach^combines the average weekly print audience and the net 30 - day website audience. Overall, newspaper websites helped drive a 15 percent increase in the total newspaper audience for 25 - to - 34 - year olds and a 10 - percent increase for 18 - to 24 - year olds, the association said. It did not provide comparisons to the same period last year for total print newspaper readership. Readership numbers, which were provided by Scarborough Research, include circulation, shared copies and any other way that someone could end up reading a newspaper. Print readership fell, according to a comparison of figures from the two periods conducted by Renter,.  ' The New York Times readership dropped 5. 8 percent, while the largest U. S. paper, USA Today, fell 3 percent. The Wall Street Journal saw readership remain nearly the same. \n Answer: Online Newspaper Readership Grows",
            "output": [
                "Which would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b0dbb42775b41a68457ffab382ec4bd",
            "input": "Article: Feel tired lately? Has a doctor said he can't find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he has sent you to a hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you. Then, consider this: you might be in a state of sub-health. Sub-health, also called the third state or gray state, is explained as a borderline state between health and disease. According to the investigation by the National Health Organization, over 45 percent of sub-healthy people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam-week. Symptoms include a lack of energy,depression,slow reactions,insomnia,anger,and poor memory.Other symptoms include shortness of breath,sweating and aching in the waist and legs. The key to preventing and recovering from sub-health,according to some medical experts,is to from good liwing habits,alternate work and rest,exercise regularly,and take park in open air activities. As for meals,people are advised to eat less salt and sugar.They should also eat more fresh vegetables,fruits,fish because they are rich in nutritional elements--vitamins and other elements that are important to the body.Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract. They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding sub-health. \n Answer: When you are in a state of sub-health, you should find out the reasons and relax yourself.",
            "output": [
                "According to this passage, which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-78f3f8072abc4ea48b665dc41598ea6f",
            "input": "Article: Everyone needs recognition  for his achievements,but few people make the need known quite as clearly as the little boy who said to his father,\"Let's play darts .I'll throw and you should say 'Wonderful!'\" Fran Tarkenton,former Minnesota Vikings quarterback,once called a play that required him to block onrushing tacklers. FEL quarterbacks almost never block.They're usually vastly outweighed by defenders,so blocking exposes them to the risk of severe injury. But the team was behind,and a surprising play was needed.Tarkenton went into block,and the runner scored a touchdown.The Vikings won the game. Watching the game films with the team the next day,Tarkenton expected a big pat on the back for what he'd done.    It never came. After the meeting,Tarkenton approached coach Bud Grant and asked,\"You saw my block,didn't you,Coach?How come you didn't say anything about it?\" Grant replied,\"Sure,I saw the block.It was great,but you're always working hard out there,Fran.I figured I didn't have to tell you.\" \"Well,\"Tarkenton replied,\"if you ever want me to block again,you do!\" \n Answer: People will be discouraged without praise.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author intend to tell us in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eb5155338e754bb59203ca70ac143130",
            "input": "Article: We are not who we think we are. The American self-image is spread with the golden glow of opportunity. We think of the United States as a land of unlimited possibility, not so much a classless society but as a place where class is mutable--a place where brains, energy and ambition are what counts, not the circumstances of one's birth. The Economic Mobility Project, an ambitious research led by Pew Charitable Trusts, looked at the economic fortunes of a large group of families over time, comparing the income of parents in the late 1960s with the income of their children in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Here is the finding: \"The 'rags to riches' story is much more common in Hollywood than on Main Street. Only 6 percent of children born to parents with family income at the very bottom move to the top. That is right, just 6 percent of children born to parents who ranked in the bottom of the study sample, in terms of income, were able to bootstrap their way into the top . Meanwhile, an incredible 42 percent of children born into that lowest are still stuck at the bottom, having been unable to climb a single rung of the income ladder. It is noted that even in Britain---a nation we think of as burdened with a hidebound class system-children who are born poor have a better chance of moving up. When the studies were released, most reporters focused on the finding that African-Americans born to middle-class or upper middle-class families are earning slightly less, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than did their parents. One of the studies indicates, in fact, that most of the financial gains white families have made in the past three decades can be attributed to the entry of white women into the labor force. This is much less true for African-Americans. The picture that emerges from all the quintiles, correlations and percentages is of a nation in which, overall, \"the current generation of adults is better off than the previous one\", as one of the studies notes. The median income of the families in the sample group was $55,600 in the late 1960s; their children's median family income was measured at $71,900. However, this rising tide has not lifted all boats equally. The rich have seen far greater income gains than have the poor. Even more troubling is that our nation of America as the land of opportunity gets little support from the data. Americans move fairly easily up and down the middle rungs of the ladder, but there is \"stickiness at the ends\" --four out of ten children who are born poor will remain poor, and four out often who are born rich will stay rich. \n Answer: The rags to riches story is only true for a small minority of whites.",
            "output": [
                "What did the Economic Mobility Project find in its research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1a0afdaa8b1e4acaa35867019d0faf6e",
            "input": "Article: There was a woman, about 30 years old, married with two children. She had grown up in a home where she was constantly criticized and often treated unfairly by her parents. As a result, she was negative and fearful, and had no confidence at all. One day, she was hit by a car. When she awoke, she found herself in a hospital. She could still speak, but had no recollection of any part of her past life. She was a total amnesiac! Her husband and children visited her daily, but she did not know them. Determined to understand what had happened to her, she began reading medical textbooks and studying in the specialized area of amnesia and memory loss. She met and discussed with specialists in this field. Eventually she wrote a paper on her condition. Not long afterward, she was invited to address a medical conference to deliver her paper, answer questions about her amnesia, and share her experiences and ideas. During this period, something amazing happened. She became a genuinely positive, confident, outgoing woman, well informed, and very much in demand as a speaker and authority in the medical profession. All memory of her negative childhood had been wiped out. She changed her thinking and changed her life. Each person comes into the world with no thoughts or ideas at all, and everything that a person thinks and feels is learned from babyhood onward. The adult becomes the sum total of everything he or she learns, feels, and experiences while growing up. Everyone is born with no self-concept at all. Every idea, opinion, feeling, attitude, or value you have as an adult is the result of an idea or impression you took in and accepted as true. When you believe something to be true, it becomes true for you, whatever the fact may be. You are not what you think you are, but what you think, you are. \n Answer: She was in complete memory loss.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the woman after the accident?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d08c15c557dd42bdaec784f8267b838e",
            "input": "Article: On the broad landing between Miss Havisham's own room and that other room in which the long table was laid out, I saw a garden chair -- a light chair on wheels that you pushed from behind. It had been placed there since my last visit, and that same day I pushed Miss Havisham in this chair (when she was tired of walking with her hand upon my shoulder) round her own room, and across the landing and round the other room, which, from that day on, became my regular job. As we began to be more used to one another, Miss Havisham talked more to me, and asked me such questions as what had I learnt and what was I going to be? I told her I was going to be apprenticed  to Joe, my sister's husband; then I explained my knowing nothing and wanting to know everything, in the hope that she might offer some help. But, she did not; on the contrary, she seemed to prefer my being ignorant. Neither did she ever give me any money - or anything but my daily dinner - nor even mentioned that I should be paid for my services. Estella was always about, and always let me in and out, but never told me I might kiss her again. Sometimes, she would coldly tolerate me; sometimes, she would be seemingly kind to me; sometimes, she would be quite familiar with me; sometimes, she would tell me energetically that she hated me. Miss Havisham would often ask me in a whisper, or when we were alone, \"Does she grow prettier and prettier, Pip?\" And when I said yes, Miss Havisham would seem to enjoy it greedily. Also, when we played at cards Miss Havisham would look on Estella's moods, whatever they were. And sometimes, when her moods were so many and so contradictory of one another that I was puzzled what to say or do, Miss Havisham would hold her tightly with great fondness, saying something quietly in her ear that sounded like \"Break their hearts my pride and hope, break their hearts and have no mercy!\" \n Answer: He pushed Miss Havisham in the wheel chair.",
            "output": [
                "What did Pip regularly do at Miss Havisham's home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dc187b69d5a74e70841a16b3b391b47e",
            "input": "Article: If you want to learn anything at school, you need to listen to your teachers. Unfortunately, millions of kids can't hear what their teachers are saying. And it's not because these students are _ . Often, it's the room's fault. Building architecture and building design can createecho -filled classrooms that make hearing difficult. Children with hearingimpairments suffer most from noisy classrooms. They sometimes can't hear questions that other students ask in class. Compared with kids with healthy hearing, they have a harder time picking up new vocabulary words by hearing them in talking. Even kids with normal hearing have a harder time in the classroom when there's too much noise. Younger children in particular have trouble separating important sounds - like a teacher's voice - from background noise. Kids with learning disabilities and speechimpediments and kids for whom English is a second language also have a harder time learning in noisy situations. In recent years, scientists who study sound have been asking schools to reduce background noise, which may include loud air-conditioners and pipes. They're also targeting outdoor noises, such as highway traffic. Noise reduction is a big deal. Why? Because quieter classrooms might make you smarter by letting you hear your lessons better. \"It's so obvious that we should have quiet rooms that allow for access to the lesson,\" says Dan Ostergren, a hearing scientist. \"Sometimes it surprises me that we spend so much time discussing this topic. I just want to go. Why is this hard for anyone to grasp?\" \n Answer: Children with normal hearing.",
            "output": [
                "Who is most affected by noisy classrooms?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0f341add29c846dbb1c6cbdf5a589b32",
            "input": "Article: Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia  in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones  , U.S.researchers reported on Thursday. Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer's .University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.\"Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy  are protecting the brain, including estrogen , which we know has many neuroprotective   effects,\" Kinsley said. \"It's rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,\" he added in a telephone interview.\"They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.\" Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer's and other forms of age-related brain decline. \"When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,\" said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida. \"They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain.If you look at female animals that have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young.But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant--that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations  to the brain.\" \n Answer: They know it through their own experience.",
            "output": [
                "How do scientists know \"Motherhood may make women smarter\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-98991d4b0cd04c268a2a303740f42a70",
            "input": "Article: I'll be the first to admit that I am a technophobe .Who would have guessed that a website would help repay a 20-year-old loan? I'1l always remember my last day at school. My best friend, Jenny, had organized a party in the Sixth Form Common Room; Jenny asked me to go to the supermarket with her to buy all the snacks. \"I'm really looking forward to this party, Stingy,\" she said. Everyone called me Stingy instead of Debbie because they thought I didn't like to spend money. Actually, it was true. \"There's lots of money in the kitty . Let's go crazy!\" Going crazy meant buying enough snacks to feed an army. It came to PS 19.90,which was a lot of money in 1982. Jenny gave me a guilty( ) look. \"I've left-the kitty money in the common room. Can you pay and I'll give you back the money?\" \"Sure,\" I replied, trying to look relaxed. ' Neither a lender or a borrower be' was my motto but I didn't want to look stingy . I gave PS20 to the impatient shop assistant. Well, the Party was a great success. So great that I completely forgot about my loan until I was flying to America the next day.  I was going to live with my uncle's family until I started university. I tried to get in touch with Jenny but her family had moved. My PS20 was lost. Until... I'd heard about a website called Friends Reunited which helped people contact old school friends.  My husband helped me log on and find my school. There she was,Jenny Frost. I'm now married with a beautiful daughter called Debbie. Does anyone know how to get in touch with Debbie 'Stingy' Jones? I still owe her PS20! We met two months later and the PS20 was returned, plus interest of course. After all, I'm a bank manager now, so loans are my business. \n Answer: There was money she could use.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jenny spend a lot of money on the snacks?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-514ced2bb26c459c902faedf9e4f7af1",
            "input": "Article: High-quality customer service is preached by many, but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done. Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store , but instead will warn their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers and anyone who will listen. Store managers are often the last to hear complaints. \"Storytelling hurts retailers  and entertains consumers,\" said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group. \"The store loses the customer, but _ .\" The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude sales people. During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting  local police to work as parking attendants to direct customers to empty parking spaces. Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store display, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions. Most importantly, sales people should be skillful and polite with angry customers. \"Retailers who're enthusiastic and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren't so friendly.\" said Professor Stephen Hoch. \"Maybe something as a greeter at the store entrance would help.\" Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filling complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong. \n Answer: Shoppers would rather tell their unhappy experiences to people around them.",
            "output": [
                "Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3bb84c70f97240bab3fc32db5124764f",
            "input": "Article: Book now to see Keira Knightley and Elisabeth Moss star in The Children's Hour at the Comedy Theatre in London. Dates: 22 January 2011 to 31 January 2011 Times: 22 Jan 2011 6:30 PM; 24--29 Jan 2011 7:30 PM; 29 Jan 2011 2:30 PM; 31 Jan 2011 7:30 PM. Place: Comedy Theatre The Children's Hour The Children's Hour by Lillian Hellman is a striking play about the power of a lie. Karen Wright (Keira Knightley) and Martha Dobie (Elisabeth Moss) run a girls' boarding school in the 1930s New England. When an angry student starts a rumour that the two headmistresses are having a lesbian   affair, it gradually destroys the women's careers, relationships and lives. The Children's Hour is an upsetting story of cheat, shame and courage. Banned in London and several cities across America, The Children's Hour received its world opening on Broadway in 1934. Generations on, its exploration of a culture of fear remains remarkably relevant. Keira Knightley and Elisabeth Moss Star Keira Knightley, nominee   for Best Actress 2010 Evening Standard Awards for The Misanthrope, returns to the London stage. Knightley starred in Love Actually, The Pirates of the Caribbean Trilogy, Pride and Prejudice. Elisabeth Moss, best-known for playing Peggy Olson in Mad Men, made her Broadway stage debut   in David Mamet's Speed the Plow in 2008. The Children's Hour will be her West End debut. Book The Children's Hour Tickets Book theatre tickets to see The Children's Hour at London's Comedy Theatre today. With two big stars in the leading roles, The Children's Hour tickets are sure to sell fast. Book yours online now with Visit London's secure ticket booking partner on this wetsite. Just click the green book button to buy your The Children's Hour tickets. \n Answer: 31 Jan 2011 7:30 PM.",
            "output": [
                "If you visit London in January, at which time can you see the play?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2c757b6d754d4089ab4f7d0d5cc9ab77",
            "input": "Article: On March 17 there will be an explosion of green colour across the world in celebration of St Patrick's Day. The Irish traditionally wear something coloured green on this day as the colour is connected with Ireland. Another St Patrick's Day tradition is for the non-Irish to make jokes about the Irish. Usually these jokes will be about Irish stupidity or their famous thirst for alcohol, or their reputation  for telling tall(untrue) stories. These characteristics are all part of the famous Irish stereotype   that Irishman are hot-tempered drinkers, who love to fight and will do anything to avoid a day's work. The real joke, however, is that this negative Irish stereotype still exists. The stereotype might have had some truth back in the 19th century when Irish was poverty-stricken and starving. Many Irish moved to the United States to escape famine , but there they had to compete,  occasionally with their fists, for jobs and housing with other immigrant groups. It was on America's streets that the Irish earned their reputation for street fighting. However, it was far from truth today, with the exception of the drinking perhaps. Today, the Irish are admired for their story telling gifts and musical talents. It is no accident that several of the greatest writers of the 20th century were Irish. Or that many of today's most popular music groups such as singer Enya and rock band U2, are Irish born and growing. Lonely Planet readers even ranked Ireland as the friendliest country in the world. However, one bit of the Irish stereotype is true, their love for drink. Drinking in Ireland is a job, but it's not necessarily something to criticize. It was the Irish after all who created one of the world's best-loved beers, Guinness. \n Answer: Famous Irish stereotype and the truth.",
            "output": [
                "What is this reading passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ed6140bcc414d8e9071b54e8a38b0dc",
            "input": "Article: Passport Control If you are arriving at London Heathrow Airport and are not transferring   to another flight outside Britain or Northern Ireland,you must pass through Passport Control and Customs immediately after leaving your plane. If you are not British or a citizen of the European Community,you must fill out a special form before your passport is examined.This form is called a landing card and should be given to you during the flight to London. After landing,follow the AKRIVALS signs.Make sure you are in the right channel   when you reach Passport Control.There is one channel for holders of European Community passports,and a second channel marked \"Other Passports\". Baggage Reclaim   Area After passing through Passport Control,follow the signs to the Baggage Reclaim Area.If you have luggage which was carried in the aircraft:along with other goods,it will be delivered to you in the Baggage Reclaim Area.Look for the sign with your flight number.If you have only hand luggage,go directly through the Baggage Reclaim Area to Customs. Customs    All passengers must pass through Customs   after Passport Control.There is a choice of two channels.Green and Red.If you have nothing to declare,go through the Green Channel.If you are not sure about your Duty Free allowances  ,or if you have something to declare, go through the Red Channel.Information about Duty Free allowances can be found on special notice-boards in the Baggage Reclaim Area.You should study this information carefully whether you are going through the Red Channel or not.Please note that if you go through the Green Channel,you may be stopped and asked to open your luggage for inspection  . \n Answer: Passengers only with some hand luggage.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following travellers DO NOT have to go through Passport Control and Customs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f1b3006f4f2743b0b9801697c362cd79",
            "input": "Article: LONDON, Feb. 18,2014 (Xinhua News agency) --Britain will send experts to East China's Shanghai to learn from the city's experience in maths teaching in an attempt to raise the teaching standards. British Education Minister Elizabeth Truss is to lead a delegation of experts on a fact-finding mission to Shanghai's schools next week to see how children there have become the best in the world at maths, to get a first-hand look at maths classes and teaching methods there, and particularly to investigate why the performance of almost all children in Shanghai is high, regardless of gender or income. Britain was last year placed 50th out of 148 countries and regions in the World Economic Forum's competitiveness ranking in quality of maths and science education. Two years ago, Shanghai topped the 2012 international PISA tables for maths, while England was ranked in 26th place. The top five were all in Southeast Asia, with 15-year-olds in Shanghai judged to be three years ahead of their peers in maths. The education department said: \"England's performance in maths has lagged behind while other countries have improved and overtaken us, including Poland and Germany.\" Actually, it is the latest step in the government's drive to raise standards in maths, looking at what has made schools in the far East the most successful in the world in teaching the subject. \"Shanghai is the top-performing part of the world for maths--their children are streets ahead. Shanghai and Singapore have teaching practices and a positive mind that make the difference. They have a belief that diligence makes up for lack of ability,\" Truss said. \"Our new curriculum has borrowed from theirs because we know it works--early learning of key arithmetic, and a focus on times tables and long division , for instance.\" She was determined to change the situation as performance in maths is weakening the country's skills base and threatening the productivity and growth. The government is emphasizing maths because of the importance of good grades in the subject to young people competing for good jobs in a global labor market and to the economy more generally. An education and skills survey released by the Confederation of British Industry last year showed that 30 percent of employers reported dissatisfaction with the standard of school and college leavers' numeracy. More than two-thirds of employers said they wanted both maths and science promoted more in schools. \n Answer: To raise the teaching standards in maths in Britain.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the British government send a delegation of experts to Shanghai?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-75c62d29ffc2471e81995e968a018588",
            "input": "Article: Canadian scientists have found a method to help aging people get less forgetful by improving their cognitive abilities through well-designed training.Everyone experiences some degree of memory loss and cognitive decline as they get older.The decline usually becomes noticeable after 50,when people may find it slightly more difficult to focus on tasks,organize everyday jobs and remember how to do things in the right order. A team of psychologists in Toronto created a strategy of cognitive training to help people preserve these abilities.\"Our primary emphasis was on improving the use of general strategic abilities because they are particularly weak to the aging process,\"Dr.Donald Stuss,director of the study,said in a press release.The team examined 49 healthy older adults with normal cognitive decline.All of the participants were between the ages of 71 and 87.Over the course of 12 weeks,psychologists taught them methods to improve their strategic abilities.Afterwards,researchers saw a 15 to 40 percent improvement in the memories of all participants.\"Over a period of six months their improvement not only maintained,but increased,\"said Dr.Gordon Winocur,coordinator of the study.The 12-week course was broken up into three four-week sections,focusing on a different skill involved in strategic abilities:memory,goal management and psychosocial function. The memory training emphasized how to preserve and recover information, while goal management focused on methods to lower the chance of memory slips.Psychosocial training was aimed at increasing the participants' confidence in their mental abilities. \"We wanted to develop a cognitive training program that would produce improvement over a  ly short period of time,so participants could benefit more on that while they're still functional and slow down the rate of decline,\"said Winocur.\"If we can work with people in the early stages of cognitive decline,then we can slow down the rate of this decline and help them maintain a higher level of function for a longer period of time.\" \n Answer: Canadian scientists help aging people preserve memory.",
            "output": [
                "What can be a suitable title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f0ce4c49e4e54cca8de33076670fb826",
            "input": "Article: Bottled water is a _ on the environment: The US public goes through about 50 billion water bottles a year, and most of those plastic containers are not recycled, according to Elizabeth Royte's bookBottlemania: How Water Went on Sale and Why We Bought It. Transporting the bottles and keeping them cold also burns fuels, which give off greenhouse gases. And groundwater pumping by bottled water companies draws heavily on underground aquifers  and harms watersheds , according to the Sierra Club. And some studies suggest it takes up to three liters of water to produce one liter of bottled water. Yet more than $100 billion is spent every year on bottled water globally. In many cities in developing countries where there is not a safe source of tap water, bottled water becomes a trusted choice. In the US, tap water is controlled by the government and often examined for dangerous polluted substances. Each American drinks 79 liters of bottled water per year on average, according to the Columbia Water Center at Columbia University's Earth Institute in New York. The bottled water industry is so successful that it has outpaced  milk, coffee, and juice in the number of gallons of drinks sold -- putting it behind only beer and soda. Though the sale and consumption   of bottled water is still on the rise, certain policymakers have taken steps to reduce it and encourage people to drink tap water. In September 2009, the Australian town of Bundanoon became the first town in the world to completely ban bottled water from its stores' shelves, building water fountains  around the town instead. Among US cities that have taken action are San Francisco and Seattle, which no longer buy water for city use, and Chicago, which added a five-cent tax on each bottle. Several restaurants in those cities have also given up bottled water for tap water. Other cities are also considering taking action. \n Answer: Beer",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what drink sells best in the USA?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-476cf54386744f84a1e3209001185982",
            "input": "Article: Earthquake is not an unfamiliar word to us as it is frequently covered on the news report. However, I never have the idea that it will take place in my city. But the truth is that it happened. When the building began to shake, I thought it was dizziness   caused by long-time nonstop work and colleagues also kept silent till one of them shouted, \"The chair is shaking.\" Then we came to understand it was not personal feelings, and we started to find the reason--the weak foundation of the building, or earthquake (in a joking tone), but we still kept doing what was in hand. It was kind of  _ when I looked back, because of our slow reaction and stupid response. It was said that the staff in another building next to us all ran out of the building with their handbags; some of them even drove away. On hearing that, I thought it was a bitexaggeration . Did they really have to do so? It was only 20-second mild shaking. But now, when I totally get to know what happened, I change my mind. It is not over-reacting, but natural self-protection response. Luckily it's only the aftershocks; otherwise I guess I would be frightened to death. The aftershocks make me think what I'm going to do in case of earthquake, which I would never give a second thought before. I don't know what's on their mind for people who are on the spot of the earthquake, be frightened, at a loss, or simply running away, or trying to get contact with friends or... It is hard to imagine the picture and even harder to imagine what's next. For the first time, I have the feeling of insecurity. Humans are so fragile when they face the sudden disasters. \n Answer: Because there were no signs of earthquake at that time.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author and his colleagues still keep working when the building began to shake?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fec8e13b3d26467ea70fda99f1e2a516",
            "input": "Article: Has Tiger Mom gone soft? One year after the release of her book, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, Amy Chua is back in the spotlight, reflecting on how overnight infamy   affected her life, her family and her parenting. \"I have changed a lot,\" she told the Huffington Post. \"In October, we had 30 kids at our house! We have hosted parties with lots of food and music.\" Last January, the Wall Street Journal published an excerpt   from Chua's book with the headline \"Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior\". In the excerpt, Chua described how her daughters were never allowed to have sleepovers  , appear in school plays, or earn any grade lower than an A. Chua, an author and professor at Yale Law School, spent much of 2011 on the defensive. In fact, many of her interviews seemed to lend fuel to her critics' fire. Now, with the book out in paperback, she said, \"I put passages in the book and used very harsh words that I regret. Everybody has those moments you wish you could take back.\" For those who still read Battle Hymn as an advice guide, Chua argues that so-called tiger parenting should be employed mainly during a child's early years, ideally between the ages of 5 and 12. These \"super-strict parenting tactics\" are not meant for all ages. Remaining strict after middle school makes you a helicopter parent, according to Chua. And she is quick to point out how different that is from being a tiger mom. \"By the time kids get to high school, helicopter parents are hiring all these tutors, carrying their kids' sports bags. I never checked older daughter Sophia's papers because I knew she knew how to sit down and focus,\" Chua said. As for younger daughter Lulu, 15, the rebel for whom the book was written, Chua has really backed off. Instead of forcing Lulu to practise violin for hours a day--the source of their biggest fights, Chua \"let her give that up\". \"My compromise   is that I'm going to still be as strict academically, but in exchange she has a lot of social freedom. Lulu has had four sleepovers in the last two months!\" Chua said. Chua predicts she'll only get more easygoing with age. \n Answer: Tiger Mom has changed and wants to be soft.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3d795f6d1dc24c09b5b5b496979f28b0",
            "input": "Article: It was unusually quiet in the emergency room on December 25. I was nurse on duty that day. I didn't think there would be any patients, sighing about having to work on Christmas. Just then five bodies showed up at my desk, a pale woman and four small children. \"Are you all sick?\" I asked suspiciously. \"Yes,\" she said weakly and lowered her head. But when it came to descriptions of their presenting problems, things got a little vague. Two of the children had headaches, but the headaches weren't accompanied by the normal body language of holding the head or trying to keep it still. Two children had earaches, but only one could tell me which ear was affected. The mother complained of a cough but seemed to work to produce it. Something was wrong, but I didn't say anything but explained that it might be a little while before a doctor saw her. She responded, \"Take your time; it's warm here.\" On a hunch  , I checked the chart after the admitting clerk had finished registering the family. No address---they were homeless. The waiting room was warm. I looked out at the family huddled by the Christmas tree. The little one was pointing at the television and exclaiming something to her mother. The oldest one was looking at an ornament on the Christmas tree. I went back to the nurses' station and mentioned we had a homeless family in the waiting room. The nurses, grumbling about working Christmas, turned to compassion for a family just trying to get warm on Christmas. The team went into action, much as we do when there's a medical emergency. But this one was a Christmas emergency. We were all offered a free meal in the hospital cafeteria on Christmas Day, so we claimed that meal and prepared a banquet for our Christmas guests. We needed presents. We put together oranges and apples in a basket. We collected from different departments candies, crayons and other things available that could be presents. As seriously as we met the physical needs of the patients that came to us that day, our team worked to meet the needs, and exceed the expectations, of a family who just wanted to be warm on Christmas Day. Later, as the family walked to the door to leave, the four year old came running back, gave me a hug and whispered, \"Thanks for being our angels today.\" \n Answer: Working Christmas Day",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6fe4987800e642589655d93f312c25c6",
            "input": "Article: The reason for going to college has been accepted without question for more than a generation , All high school graduate ought to go , says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become \"better\" people , and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don't go But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone, And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don't fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious, College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other's experiments and writhed false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school, Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out-often encouraged by college  administrators Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves-they are spoiled and they are expecting too much But that's a criticize of the students as a whole, and doesn't explain all campus unhappiness, Others blame the state of the world , and they are partly right, We've been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can't absorb an army of untrained eighteen -year-old either Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school, We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences, Perhaps college doesn't make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things-maybe it's just the other way around,it's just the other way around and intelligent , ambitious happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place, And perhaps all those successful college graduates, would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not, This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better, But contrary evidence is beginning to gradually increase in amount. \n Answer: People used to have full confidence in higher education.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author believe according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3799284e06c34ac8b6eb578fc49f5661",
            "input": "Article: NEW YORK (AP) -- The investigation into the disappearance of 6-year-old Etan Patz has gone through decades and countries, from basements to rooftops and seemingly everywhere in between. No one has ever been charged criminally -- and the little boy with sandy brown hair and a toothy grin was declared dead in 2001. This week, the six-year-old boy who went missing from the Soho area of New York City in 1979 is back in the news. Police and the FBI are investigating a possible lead into the 33-year-old case of Etan Patz, the first missing child to appear on the side of a milk box. The child disappeared on the way to school on the morning of May 25, 1979. It was the first time he was allowed to walk the two blocks to the bus stop alone. A tip seemed to have led officials to the basement of a building on the corner of Prince and Wooster streets, about a block and a half from where Etan had lived with his family. The name Etan Patz has become a hot topic on Twitter as people _ . Shirley Brady noted: \"As mom to a 6 years old in Soho, it's still held out by locals as cautionary tale  .\" Another wrote, \"Boy who disappeared on his way to school in 1979 has been REOPENED! Crazy.\" One wondered, \"Why is FBI and NYPD searching for a kid that disappeared in 1979?\" Good question. This is a case that Stuart Gra Bois, as an assistant U.S. lawyer under Rudolph Giuliani, followed for years. It became the most famous missing-person case in New York City, turned a nationwide spotlight on missing children, and created headlines around the globe. No one was ever stated guilty of the crime. The case led to the creation of National Missing Children's Day, marked on May 25, the day the blond-haired, blue-eyed child went missing. The case has even pointed to a suspect, charged with child molester   Julio Antonio Ramos, who is currently in prison. Patz's babysitter had been dating the man, and Ramos did know the kid, but has denied taking him away. New evidence in the case suggests another suspect who lived in the apartment at the time: a local handyman named Othniel Miller, who gave Etan $1 for helping him the night before the disappearance. The man's name had come up in an earlier investigation, but he was a friend of the Patz family, and the NYPD did not follow the lead. Investigators plan to be at the site, 127 B Prince St., which is now a Lucky Brand jeans store, for the next two to three days to search for human remains. The Associated Press reports that the excavation   has been the result of a recently ordered review of the case by Manhattan's police. \n Answer: Local people realized the importance of the case without criminal being charged.",
            "output": [
                "What was a possible cause of reopening the case of Etan Patz?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4a4c375f3afe4da9bdeb9d693a7c62a0",
            "input": "Article: I stole your dog today. No, I didn't set a foot on your house, but from the condition of your dog, I can imagine what it looks like...the word \"rubbish\" comes to mind. I found her along a road, with a heavy chain wrapped around her neck, still attached to rotten boards from her doghouse. Not only did I know that most of the town people had already ignored her, judging by where I found her, but I knew that if she had gotten into the Woods, the \"cross\" that she dragged behind her would have wrapped around a tree until starvation or thirst killed her. She has a beautiful name now. Already in the first week she has come to look more like she should. Her eyes sparkle and she has learned to wag her tail in greeting. She has stopped flinching   when I make a sudden movement, because she knows now that I won't beat her, in fact, she rarely leaves my side. She's even become brave enough to bark at a cat and today I watched from the window as she attempted to play with the other dogs. No, it's clear she does not miss you or her former life on a chain. It's not clear yet whether she'll remain here or whether I'll find her a loving home where she can count on more individual attention than I can give her, but one thing is certain, this is one bit of stolen \"property\" who is never returning to you. So sue me, accuse me, plead with the courts that she is rightfully yours ... I'm convinced this is the best \"crime\" I've ever committed. Hardly anything has pleased me more than the day I stole your dog. I need only look into her beautiful brown eyes to know that she'd defend my decision with her life. If we have one prayer, it is that you will not replace her, and if we have one special day to celebrate together, it is the day I stole your dog and the day she stole my heart. \n Answer: Angry.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's attitude towards the former owner of the dog?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3122fb59a99842b488a4c40da9ead428",
            "input": "Article: The kiwi bird The kiwi bird is a flightless bird,about the size of a chicken. It sleeps during the day and is active at nighttime. It has a long beak that is onethird the length of its body, and its beak actually has nostrils   at the end. The kiwi is the only bird with this feature. Another unique feature of the kiwi is  that it has no tail. It has thick brown hairlike feathers. This bird  has many physical features unlike any other bird on earth. Kiwi birds have been called a genetic leftover. Their characteristics seem very odd to us probably due to the fact that they haven't evolved much at all. They are suspected to be about 8 million years old. That's 7 million years older than humans. Due to New Zealand's isolated environment, it has been safe from predators  and hasn't needed to do much adapting. They just hang around. With its long beak, the kiwi digs up and chows down on  worms. A kiwi is almost blind; it can see about six feet at night and around two feet during the day,so when it comes to hunting the kiwi is not well equipped.It uses the nostrils on its  beak to find its food and then picks up the worms with its beak. The kiwi bird is native of New Zealand.It is the island country's national bird, and is rare anywhere but here and a few Pacific island neighbors. Of course,it is available for viewing at certain zoos.It has stayed in its native land due to the facts that it is an isolated island and that kiwis can't fly. Kiwi birds are extremely unique in the bird world. Though they are the size of chickens, they lay eggs the size of ostrich eggs, weighing around a pound each.Their enormous eggs are the largest in the bird world, compared to their bodies. These birds were named after their distinctive shrill cry \"keewee keewee\". \n Answer: There are nostrils at the end of its beak.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the distinctive feature of the kiwi bird?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d389912fb61c4f75b356acdf6d5e2dc7",
            "input": "Article: Who knows why kids do anything? When it comes to cyberbullying  , they are often motivated by anger or frustration  . Sometimes they do it for entertainment or because they are bored and have too much time on their hands and too many tech toys available to them. Many do it for laughs or to get a reaction. Some do it by accident, without thinking before they do something. The power-hungry do it to make others suffer. And some think they are righting wrong and standing up for others. Because their motives differ, the solutions and responses to each type of cyberbullying incident has to differ, too. There is no \"one size fits all\" when cyberbullying is concerned. However, education can help considerably in preventing and dealing with the consequences of cyberbullying. If we can help kids understand how much bullying hurts, and how in many cases words can hurt, fewer may cooperate with the cyberbullies. They will think twice before forwarding a hurtful e-mail, or visiting a cyberbullying \"vote for the fat girl\" site, or allowing others to take videos or cell phone pictures of personal moments.  And, in addition to not lending their efforts to continue the cyberbullying, we also need to teach our children not to stand silently by while others are being hurt. Martin Luther King, Jr. once said that in the end we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends. Kids will feel more comfortable to break the silence if given an anonymous   method of reporting cyberbullying web-sites. School administration, community groups and even school policing staff can receive these anonymous tips and take action quickly. If our children do not allow the cyberbullies to use them to embarrass or hurt others and realize that silence, when others are being hurt, is not acceptable, cyberbullying will quickly stop. It's a tall task, but a noble goal. And in the end, our children will be safer online and offline. We will have helped create a generation of good cybercitizens, controlling the technology instead of being controlled by it. \n Answer: Standing up for others.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT an action of cyber-bullying?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d7be8bed306c4523953de8aa01855a71",
            "input": "Article: The United States covers a large part of the North American continent. Its neighbours are Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. Although the United States is a big country, it is not the largest in the world. In 1964, its population was over 185,000,000.        When this land first became a nation, after winning its independence from England, it had thirteen states. Each of the states was represented on the American flag by a star. All these states were in the eastern part of the continent. As the nation grew toward the west, new states were added and new stars appeared on the flag. For a long time, there were 48 stars. In 1959, however, two more stars were added to the flag, representing the new states of Alaska and Hawaii.        Indians were the first people of the land which is now the United States. There are still many thousands of Indians now living in all parts of the country. Sometimes it is said that the Indians are \"the only real Americans\". Most Americans come from all over the world. Those who came first in greatest numbers to make their homes on the eastern coast of North America were mostly from England. It is for that reason that the official language of the United States is English and that its culture and customs are more like those of England than those of any other country in the world. \n Answer: Mexico is to the north of Canada.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2131e14b7a914dc1b0b64d5be3d1edf7",
            "input": "Article: This parable is told of a farmer who owned an old mule . The mule fell into the farmer's well. The farmer heard the mule praying for whatever mules do when they fall into wells. After carefully assessing the situation, the farmer sympathized with the mule, but decided that neither the mule nor the well was worth the trouble of saving. Instead, he called his neighbors together , told them what had happened, and asked them to help pour dirt to bury the old mule in the well and put him out his misery. At the beginning, the old mule was crazy! But as the farmer and his neighbors continued shovelling and the dirt hit his back, _ . It suddenly dawned on him that every time a shovel load of dirt landed on his back, he would shake it off and step up! This he did, blow after blow. \"Shake it off and step up... shake it off and step up... shake it off and step up!\" He repeated to encourage himself. No matter how painful the blows, or how distressing the situation seemed, the old mule fought panic and just kept right on shaking it off and stepping up! It wasn't long before the old mule, battered and exhausted, stepped triumphantly over the wall of that well! What seemed like it would bury him actually helped him... all because of the manner in which he handled his adversity . That's life! If we face our problems and respond to them positively, and refuse to give in to panic, bitterness, or self-pity. The adversities that come along to bury us usually have within them the very real potential to benefit us! Never be afraid to try something new. Remember that amateurs built the boat. Professionals built the Titanic. \n Answer: Because he didn't want to see the mule suffer more in the well.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the farmer decide to bury the mule in the well?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-398db9d201e74ea9affd5d1f0fbc3931",
            "input": "Article: Not too long ago, our teacher, being a \"tree-hugger\"(as the kids call her), had us write an essay on an environmental issue. I was eager to start, but something made me stop. \"What is an environmental issue?\" one kid asked. \"What if we don't care about the environment?\" another complained. \"It's not like it affects me.\" These comments _ me. I have always cared about the environment and assumed that others did too. From the surprised look on my teacher's face, I could tell she felt the same way. In no time, I finished my essay. In my essay I wrote about logging , which is an important industry, but if we continue to cut down trees without replacing, it will damage the environment. There are so many things that we can do to save our world. Recycling, of course, is always a good thing, but not everyone has a recycling plant nearby (I don't). There are other ways to help the environment. Plant a tree. Don't waste water. I can't stand it when a person's excuse for not caring is \"Nothing is going to happen in my lifetime, so why should I care?\" Sure, the chances of something terrible happening are slim, but I want people to realize that if we don't deal with it, someone will have to eventually. Do you want that to be your children? Or your children's children? When my teacher told me to read my essay to my class, I was a little embarrassed because I didn't want everyone to call me \"tree-hugger\". I realize now that if being a tree-hugger means you care about the environment, I'm a tree-hugger 100 percent. I just wish more people were. \n Answer: She cares a lot about the environment.",
            "output": [
                "Why do the students call their teacher \"tree-hugger\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f5094e1743574bd2a642cf2b3b1040f8",
            "input": "Article: During the week days,  they are luckily busy office people; but on weekends, they are just a brood of stay-home animals. A recent survey shows that office workers in China prefer quiet and easy ways to spend their weekends. In the survey, conducted by job seeking and offering website Zhaopin.com, 32.8 percent of the 6,000 respondents choose to stay home at weekends and have a good rest, the Beijing Morning Post reported. Twenty percent use their days-off to do housework. And only 19.3 percent are willing to have fun during the break time from work. Their first choice of fun is shopping. Other choices, though practiced by few, include meeting friends, accompanying the children, trips to the suburbs, and lessons for more skills. When they. go shopping, 54.5 percent of the white-collars actually shop in supermarkets, while 27.9. percent attend other stores, especially when discounts are offered. These activities don't seem to cost much, as 60 percent spend average less than 200 yuan (US$26) during weekends, and 30 percent no more than 500 yuan. When asked whom they would spend the weekends with, about 40 percent mention their partners, and 30 percent prefer a weekend all by themselves. Less than 20 percent hang out with friends. Only 5.8 percent would kill the time with their colleagues. This is because we tend to avoid too many personal contacts with our co-workers when we don't have to work with them, according to some experts. \n Answer: 1,674.",
            "output": [
                "How many of the office workers who are the respondents do the housework at weekends?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a45bfc2480bd4cb7b41c6cceb0628f9e",
            "input": "Article: Mu Yumin had no idea that when he stopped by the computer club as a freshman looking for something fun, it would decide his career four years later.The 22 -year -old biology major at Huazhong  University of Science and Technology found a job as an IT technician in Shanghai.\" My experience in the club gave me another 'diploma' ,\"  said Mu.\" More importantly, I found something I am good at and can make a living from.\" Now campuses  around the country have started recruiting  fresh faces for all kinds of clubs.Upperclassmen and experts suggest a hobby-based choice of clubs, which might have a lasting impact on one' s life and career Zhang Ling did not get many chances to write stories as an environmental protection major at Jiangxi University of Science and Technology.But this changed when she joined the university broadcast station.Her daily interviews with students and teachers expanded her horizon.Now she is determined to become a journalist on environmental issues with her degree in environmental protection.\"Journalism changed my life track,\" said the 22 -year-old girl.\"I only wanted to be a science teacher in a local senior high school.But now I am applying for a graduate school in journalism.\" Lan Yujie, professor at Anhui University of Technology, regards Mu and Zhang as good examples of choosing \"what I like\" instead of \" what is practical\" in finding jobs and seeking further study. \"Some freshmen don't know what to choose,\" said Lan.\"Just following a hobby and doing something you like can easily give you the experience that makes you happy and special.\" Lan further says that joining clubs should not necessarily have a purpose,  As part of campus life, a club experience will impact one's life and career m one way or another.\"The point of clubs is to have as many diverse experiences as possible so that students can explore more of their life,\" said Lan. \n Answer: She didn't intend to be a journalist.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the followings is true about Zhang Ling?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-49cac42a1edd48d2a8e83d96e7b9c721",
            "input": "Article: A gunman opened fire in Orlando's Pulse nightclub early morning Sunday , killing approximately 50 people and injuring another 53 . Clubbers were enjoying an evening at Pulse , which describes itself as \" the hottest gay bar in Orlando , \" when shots started to go off around 2 am. A hostage situation occurred , and didn't end until authorities used a vehicle armed to teeth to break down the door of the building and kill the gunman at around 5 am . Sunday morning's attack surpasses the shootings at Virginia Tech in 2007 and Sndy Hook Elementary School in 2012 to become the worst mass shooting in US history . Authorities have identified the shooter as 29-year-old Omar Saddiqui Mateen from Fort Pierce , about 120 miles southeast of Orlando . CNN reports Mr. Mateen was previously trained as a security guard . The federal government and FBI \" have suggestions the individual has leanings towards Islamic terrorism , but right now we can't say definitely , \" says Ron Hopper , assistant special agent of FBI's Orlando bureau . But Mateen's connection to Islamic terrorism has not been proven , leading authorities to also investigate the shooting as a possible hate crime against the LGBT community . The Orlando blood donation facility tweeted that the bank was in \" urgent need \" of donations Sunday morning following the shooting . But within hours , they announced their bank was at capacity due to the long lines of volunteers who showed up to donate . However , after the initial tweet at 10:40 Sunday morning , criticisms of the United States' stand on blood donation by the LGBT community resurfaced on social media from those who wanted to help but were prohibited due to their sexuality . \" It's legal to buy an AR-15 assault rifle . It's illegal for a gay man to donate blood to victims of the massacre . The world makes no sense . \" said John Barcus . ( LGBT : a community of four types of people ; lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender .) \n Answer: The police had to rely on heavy equipment to kill the gunman .",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the shooting from the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c4701b193ceb48179711ae73d49e3f7e",
            "input": "Article: Although hurricane season doesn't begin until June 1, a Pacific storm has already struck. El Salvador, which was ruined by a Caribbean storm in 1995, was hit by Hurricane Adrian on Friday. This is the first Pacific-born hurricane to ever reach land in this Central American country.  Some 14,000 people left from the western coast of El Salvador. The storm weakened as it crossed land, heading east. Heavy rains created deadly flooding problems in the hurricane' s wake.  Adrian is the first Pacific storm of the season. It reported maximum continuous winds of 75 miles per hour, the minimum strength of a hurricane. A Category 3 hurricane, Adrian also caused damage and flooding in Honduras. It is expected to break up before reaching the Caribbean Sea on the eastern coast of Central America.  Hurricane season typically begins June 1 and lasts through November 30. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has predicted   seven to nine hurricanes for the 2005 season.  \"It is difficult to make any kind of an exact prediction of how many of these will strike land,\" NOAA administrator Conrad Lautenbacher said. He predicts two to three hurricanes will strike the U.S. this season.  Last year, six of nine hurricanes reached Category 3 strength or higher. Four of those hit Florida within a six-week period. Altogether, Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne caused more than $40 billion in damage in the Sunshine State.  This year' s forecast is based on ocean temperatures. Warmer temperatures produce more tropical storms, which can then turn into hurricanes.  \"The issue, really, this year is the unusually warm sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic,\" said Frank Lepore of the National Hurricane Center. \n Answer: Adrian.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the 2005 first hurricane?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-259a06a43dbb4c2dbf5b455049e0ee8e",
            "input": "Article: Cambridge graduates are the most employable in the world,according to a global league table.The ancient university is the best at producing graduates who are'ready to work',a poll of major employers found. Oxford slipped to fourth place in the rankings having taken top spot last year.Harvard and Yale--part of the US'Ivy League'of universities--were second and third respectively. Five British universities were ranked in the top 20--one more than last year--and 12 were in the full list of 150. But the UK as a country came third--behind the US and Germany--when companies were asked to name the best nation for producing work--ready graduates. The table--the Global Employability University Ranking published by the International New York Times--also showed that universities in Asian countries were rapidly _ on their western counterparts  . Asian universities claimed 20 percent of the top 150 places in 2014 compared with only 10 percent when the tables were first published in 2010. The other British universities in the top 20 were University College London,in 14th place,Imperial College London,in 15th,and Edinburgh,18th. The table showed the gap between a small number of top UK universities and less famous institutions. Laurent Dupasquier,managing partner at Emerging,a French human resources consultancy,said:\"The top tier players.global brands (which tend to be all American and British).continue to lead,while other Anglo--Saxon universities,those that are mainly regional players,tend to develop less well,with an average of five places lost in comparison with last year.\" \"Like the Premier League ,the champions have an international community of students and think internationally,unlike their more locally oriented counterparts.\" The table was made following a survey of 2,500 major companies in 20 countries.Employers were asked to rank universities against a range of criteria including their production of graduates who are ready to work and their links with business. The study claimed that'the days of ivory towers are over'. \n Answer: Oxford.",
            "output": [
                "Which university had the best work-ready graduates last year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-64e87f30c30b4789965f8ad60eefccd8",
            "input": "Article: Face masks are commonly used in ceremonies and performances. They not only hide the real face of the mask wearer but they often evoke powerful emotions in the audience--danger, fear, sadness, joy. You might think, because so many things vary cross-culturally, that the ways in which emotions are displayed and recognized in the face vary too. Apparently they do not. Recent research on masks from different cultures supports the conclusion that masks, like faces, tend to represent certain emotions in the same ways. We now have some evidence that the symbolism used in masks is often universal. The research on masks builds on work done by anthropologists, who used photographs of individuals experiencing various emotions. These photographs were shown to members of different cultural groups who were asked to identify the emotions displayed in the photographs. Emotions were identified correctly by most viewers, whatever the viewer's native culture. Coding schemes were developed to enable researchers to compare the detailed facial positions of individual portions of die face (eyebrows, mouth, etc.) for different emotions. What exactly do we do when we scowl? We contract the eyebrows and lower the corners of the mouth; in geometric terms, we make angles and diagonals   on our faces. When we smile, we raise the corners of the mouth; we make it curved. Psychologist Joel Arnoff and his colleagues compared two types of wooden face masks from many different societies--masks described as threatening versus masks associated with nonthreatening functions. As suspected, the two sets of masks had significant differences in certain facial elements. The threatening masks had eyebrows and eyes facing inward and downward and a downward-facing mouth. In more abstract or geometrical terms, threatening features generally tend to be angular or diagonal and nonthreatening features tend to be curved or rounded, a face with a pointed beard is threatening; _ is not. The theory is that humans express and recognize basic emotions in uniform   ways because all human faces are quite similar, skeletally and muscularly. \n Answer: The uniformity of facial expressions in revealing emotions.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-693b080bcc0347a5b8b76a762642312e",
            "input": "Article: How many coins have you got in your pocket right now?Three?Two?Or one?With a phonecard you can make up to 200 calls without any change at all. 1.What do you do with it? Go to a telephone box marked \"Phonecard\".Put in your card,make your call and when you've finished,a screen tells you how much is left on your card.It costs no extra for the cards,and the calls cast 10 per unit,the same as any other payphone call.You can put them in units of 10,20,40,100 or 200. 2.Now appearing in a shop near you Near each card phone place you'll find a shop where you can buy one.They're at bus,train and city tube stations.Many universities,hospitals and clubs,restaurants and gas stations on the highway and shopping centers.At airports and seaports. 3.No more broken payphones Most broken payphones are like that they've been vandalized .There are no coins in Cardphone to excite thieves' interest in it.So you're not probably to find a vandalized one.Get a phonecard yourself and try it out.Or get a bigger wallet. \n Answer: Section 1&2.",
            "output": [
                "There are three sections in the passage.Which section do you think is about why phonecards are good?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5dfb13bf7d9347deb16fc8f3bc706dff",
            "input": "Article: It is not just humans that get stuck in their ways. Scientists have discovered that old bees have trouble finding their way to new hives as their learning behavior becomes increasingly inflexible.    Bees are typically impressive navigators, able to wind their way home through complex landscapes after visits to flowers far removed from their nests. But researchers from Arizona State University and the Norwegian University of Life Sciences found that aging damages the bees' ability to extinguish the memory of an unsuitable nest site even after the group has settled in a new home.    To test how old bees adapt to a changed home location, researchers trained bees to a new nest box while their former nest was closed off. Groups composed of mature and old bees were given several days in which to learn the new home location and to extinguish the bees' memory of their unusable former nest box. The scientists then tore down the bees' new home and forced groups of mixed-age bees to choose between three alternative nest locations, including the former nest box.    Old bees began flying toward the former nest site, despite the experience that should have told them that it was unusable. \"Although many old bees fail in learning tasks, we also discovered that a few still perform with excellence,\" explains Daniel Minch, lead author of the study and a senior life sciences researcher in Norway.    The scientists believe that their findings with bees offer a new means to model and understand the variability found in brain function between individuals, where some individuals' memories remain complete, while others' learning behavior becomes inflexible with age. \n Answer: Not all aged Bees and humans have difficulty finding their way to new home.",
            "output": [
                "What is the possible similarity between bees and humans according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cb71ebf2bb094412a077086f1d165561",
            "input": "Article: Is it true that cats have nine lives? One 4-year-old American cat named Sugar definitely seems to have more than one. Sugar fell from the 19th floor of her owner's home in Boston last month and was only hurt a little on her chest. \"This story isn't much of a surprise,\" said Jake Socha, a scientist at Virginia Tech University, US, in an interview with the BBC. \"There have been lots of records of these cats surviving.\" Back in 1987, scientists studied 132 cats. All of them had been brought to a vet's clinic in New York after falling from tall buildings. Around 90 percent of these cats were alive after their fall and only 37 percent had been seriously injured. \"Being able to survive falls is a _ thing for animals that live in trees, and cats are one of them,\" said Socha. Cats have developed special body structures to survive accidental falls. Their legs are muscular. This can protect their bones from breaking, Professor Andrew Biewener from Harvard University told the BBC. Cats can also spread out their legs like a parachute to reduce their falling speed, he said. The strange part, according to scientists, is that cats have a better chance of survival if they fall from higher than seven stories. This is because cats have a good sense of which way is down. They can twist their bodies as they fall to make sure they land on their feet. A higher fall means more time for the cat to change its body position. However, you should not throw your cat out of the window to see how this works. Most pet cats are overweight nowadays. They are not fit enough to change their position in midair, warned Steve Dale, an American cat behavior scientist. \"This cat (Sugar) was lucky,\" Dale said. In fact, most cats would suffer serious lung damage, a broken leg or a broken jaw or teeth damage, he said. \n Answer: A cat that falls from the fourth story of a building is more likely to die than one that falls from the 10th story.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c9cd139480904d3499f5cffbea19668f",
            "input": "Article: Writing one or two articles a day is a fair goal for a human writer. By contrast, the Wordsmith platform can produce up to 2,000 articles a second! Wordsmith is one example of natural language-generation software, often referred to as a robot journalist. To be fair, the software doesn't start from the beginning, like a human writer might. Instead, the software takes a set of structured data and transforms it into readable text. Natural language-generation software, such as Wordsmith and Quill, does its work by identifying trends and highlights in sets of data. The software then searches its own dictionary for the words to express its findings.[:] Why keep human writers around Although this type of software writes faster than any human, it requires sets of structured data to work. That's why it's especially useful for writing earnings reports and other types of \"dry\" writing. Humans, on the other hand, are good at turning their unstructured thoughts directly into prose. The reports produced by Wordsmith and Quill read naturally, and they can match the tone of human writers. But for now, the robot journalists probably won't steal many jobs or win any Pulitzer Prizes!  Current applications of natural language-generation software Financial reports: The software is commonly used by banks or traders to analyze large amounts of financial data and then produce reports in plain English. Health and fitness: The software can turn data gathered from wearable devices or fitness trackers into personalized reports. The writing tone can even be adjusted to sound more encouraging! Sports reporting: The software is often used to turn real baseball, basketball and football statistics into exciting stories. \n Answer: A robot journalist.",
            "output": [
                "What does natural Language-generation software refer to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b14b858297ee491ab62b102cda9167c1",
            "input": "Article: School of Cinema and Performing Arts It offers two two-week sessions and one three-week session during the summer. Your teen can participate in the filmmaking, acting, dance, photography programs. He will work with professionals who will teach him the latest technology through hands-on experience. Tuition   includes day trips to amusement parks and other Los Angeles tourism sites. Housing and food can be arranged in dorms for an additional fee. Address: 1600 Campus Road, Los Angeles Tel: 800-718-2787 iD Tech Camps at UCLA It offers computer and gaming related camps at the UCLA campus. Teens can join in day camps, overnight camps or weekend gaming camps. Your teen will use the latest technology available to learn video game design, web design and computer programming. Overnight campers will stay in the college dorms. Address: 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles Tel: 888-709-8324 Summer Discovery at UCLA It offers three or six week residential   camps at the UCLA campus. Three-week courses can include academic or art classes for enrichment purposes. In this summer camp, your teen will get a taste of what to expect when she enters college. She can choose from sports management, business management, healthy lifestyle programs, ESL-TOEFL programs and more. Address: 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles Tel: 516-621-3939 Power Chord Academy It offers a seven-day course that caters to residential or day teens, as well as a three-day course. Teens will meet a touring band, learn technical aspects about the music industry and being a musician in current times, write songs, perform concerts, make a music video, record a CD and meet a touring band. No experience or musical background is necessary. Address: 7336 Santa Monica Blvd, Los Angeles Tel: 800-897-6677 \n Answer: 800-897-6677.",
            "output": [
                "Which number will you dial if you want to become a businessman in future?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f1c9eb87a2741f3b140ade928602b64",
            "input": "Article: The '80s' \"important role\" in the family has also meant a greater concentration and focus on the individual. And, it has made the word \"me\" one of the most frequently used words. Everything seems to be about \"me\". This generation has a greater awareness of itself.  Some people do not seem to agree that all this is self-centred. When Cai Fuchao, prefix = st1 /Beijing's publicity head, was asked to comment on the lack of responsibility of university students during the SARS period, his reply was: \"Modern university students are ambitious, knowledgeable and have a very strong sense of responsibility to the society.\"  As news analyst from sina.com, Pan Fengliang, echoed that, saying that blindly blaming them(for running away during the SARS outbreak)was prejudiced and unfair and not backed with evidence.  No doubt, the development of information technology has contributed its bit to broadening, or bending, the minds of the 80s generation.  Some people even call Gen'80 \"the E-generation\". They get in touch with each other via email, QQ, ICQ and MSN.  While the people of the '60s and '70s swarmed to Shanghai to catch Luo Dayou, Gen'80s were on the BBS saying that it was \"really dumb\".  \"The internet is so much more to those of the '80s than you can imagine,\" said Wu Junyong, an IT engineer who was born in 1978.  In Wu's opinion, it's the Internet that separates the 70s from the 80s, \"Many of the'70s don't see why those from the '80s can spend everyday in front of a computer.\"  A new weekly Magazine/163.com survey last year found that 40 percent of the 7,000 people surveyed, born in the '80s, thought the computer was the most important article in life; more than 70 percent of their parents preferred the home. \n Answer: Not all people think that the \"born in the 1980s\" are selfish and irresponsible.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e826839ad7c845318d16da78c921093d",
            "input": "Article: There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years,and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.Some of the world's leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.     prefix = st1 /London     London's flood defenses are getting older.Since 1 982,the Thames Barrier has protected the city from the threat of flooding,but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years.About 26 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions,by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.     There are 26 underground stations,400 schools,1 6 hospitals,an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London's flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.     Paris     Over a six week period in July and August 2003,more than 1 1,400---mainly elderly people--died in France from dehydration and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave.Heat waves of similar intensity are expected every seven years by 2050,so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?     One solution is to have air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes.But this is considered a short-term solution,as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions .     InParisthe local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings  such as the building\"Flower Tower,\"which uses a covering.of bamboo to act as a natural  air-conditioner.     Shanghai     Shanghai is the fastest growing city on Earth.It has a population of 1 8 million and is only 4 meters above sea level.Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century. An estimated 250,000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption.China relies heavily on coal--fired power stations,but these emissions increase temperatures and,in turn,warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons. \n Answer: Big Cities Facing Big Disasters",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a61e0b4199da4de794dcef37c4921703",
            "input": "Article: Once there was an 11-year-old boy who went fishing with his father in the middle of a New Hampshire lake. On the day before bass   season opened, they were fishing early in the evening, catching other fish with worms. Then the boy tied on a small silver lure   and put it into the lake. Suddenly he felt that something very big pulling on the lure. His father watched with admiration as the boy skillfully brought the fish beside the bank. Finally he lifted the tired fish from the water. It was the largest one he had ever seen, but it was a bass. The boy and his father looked at the big fish. The father lit a match and looked at his watch. It was 10 p.m.--two hours before the season opened. He looked at the fish, then at the boy. \"You'll have to put it back, son,\" he said. \"Dad!\" cried the boy. \"There will be other fish,\" said his father. \"Not as big as this one,\" cried the boy. He looked around the lake. No other fishermen or boats were in sight in the moonlight. He looked again at his father. Even though no one had seen them, nor could anyone ever know what time he had caught the fish, the boy could tell from his father's voice that the decision couldn't be changed. He threw the huge bass into the black water. The big fish disappeared. The boy thought that he would never again see such a big fish. That was 34 years ago. Today the boy is a successful architect in New York City. He often takes his own son and daughters to fish at the same place. And he was right. He has never again caught such a large fish as the one he got that night long ago. But he does see that same fish ... again and again ... every time he has an ethical   decision to make. For, as his father had taught him, ethics are simple matters of right and wrong. It is only the practice of ethics that is difficult. \n Answer: They worried other fishermen may discover what they had done.",
            "output": [
                "What happened when the big fish turned out to be a bass?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e5b108c48d8c4091ad8676b9104dd6b6",
            "input": "Article: When Omega was born in Uganda, she did two things: Smile and then sing. When Omega was 4 years old, her talent  for music was recognized, so she became one of the youngest members of the first African Children's Choir . She traveled the world with the choir, and it was from this experience that she grew into a singer today.  Although having a beautiful voice, she had to find other ways besides music to earn a living at first. When she was 16, her parents sent her to the USA to study. Like her mother, Omega wanted to become a doctor and do something meaningful in her country of Uganda.  However, like many artists,  _ that she had to choose. With encouragement from her family and friends, she opened her own production company  after graduation. Since then, she has been working as an artist. Her songs make people feel good about life. Apart from that, she is also interested in health care and education. Omega is one of those Ugandan females who are showing the world their valuable talents. \n Answer: When she was 4 years old.",
            "output": [
                "When did Omega join the African Children's Choir?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1dcb524811e1406bb5518891a6306962",
            "input": "Article: Peyton,an 11-year-old boy from Florida,has the enthusiasm of scientific invention and the-gift of Thomas Edison. The sixth-grader put his math and science skills as well as some real-life experience to use and created something that could benefit our world a lot ---- the sandless sandbag.Today he was named the winner of the Young Scientist Challenge for his sandbag. \"I had a really terrifying experience with a hurricane,\" said Peyton.\"When I was 4,I experienced Hurricane Wilma.When it hit Florida in October 2005,my family and I crowded in a closet and watched the storm bring damage and death to our area,feeling terrible and hopeless.\" Saltwater flooding caused great damage,which made him think about how people can prepare for floods.Peyton,who has been solving math problems since he was 3,eventually came up with the sandless sandbag.     \"Instead of filling it with sand,I filled it with just the right amount of chemicals and salt,\"he said.\"What's amazing is that when you pick these bags up and they're not wet,they only weigh a pound or two.\" Unlike regular sandbags,Peyton's is light and easy to carry.They only expand when doused  with water.The bags are portable when dry and will not float away when wet. Experts praised his invention and said that the sandless sandbag could someday save a lot of lives and possessions.\"He understands the big picture.He thinks in terms of the influence on society and safety for the people around this area,\"said Dr.Antonio,the engineering chairman at the University of Miami.\"We'd love to have him at our university.\" Peyton has to get through middle school and high school first,but until then,the young scientist will continue thinking and inventing. \n Answer: Because he invented the sandless sandbag.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Peyton win the Young Scientist Challenge?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7bbeeba724de4a6e8f1d48ac137a1e65",
            "input": "Article: We all waste food, you and me, every day, millions of tons of it.In China, enough food is wasted in restaurants every year to feed 200 million people.And the amount of food wasted by Chinese consumers is increasing fast.So our nation is being encouraged to stop wasting food. So what should Chinese consumers do to prevent food waste? Keep a kitchen diary All of us should keep a kitchen diary, and we can know that how much food we waste at home.The first thing for us to do is to stop throwing away food that we can still eat.We should eat everything we buy and if we cannot, we should buy less. Buy only what we need We should ask for smaller portions in stores.We should also check how much food we have before buying more.We shouldn't bring much food we don't need home even if large posters ask us to do so. Develop the habit of packing food Chinese consumers are generous and friendly.In restaurants, often too much food is ordered and served.So when ordering out, we are supposed to exclude the food in the order if we don't plan to eat it.And order smaller servings in   restaurants and take home what we cannot finish. Don't put it off! Let's stop food waste today! \n Answer: Because it's traditional to invite friends to dinner in China.",
            "output": [
                "Why is our nation being encouraged to stop wasting food?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-90f9af5d7c5b43e19bd6ee79fc3d7362",
            "input": "Article: Our culture is the system we use to build our identity. All living creatures are part of a culture. Even animals have a culture! So what is culture? It's the way we behave in a group. It begins with each individual family. Within our families we do things to build relationships with each other. This can include routines for doing things. It also includes traditions. Traditions are activities that are repeated on a regular basis. Culture is not limited to individual family groups. The real strength of culture is in larger community  groups. These larger groups are called societies. Every society makes rules for itself. It decides how people should act in different situations. Some of these rules are written down. Some are just things that are automatically expected of all members of that society. Often, cultures can be identified by what the people believe. Cultures are also known by what they choose to include in their art. Sometimes a society forms around people who speak the same language. Cultures may also be known for their customs, including the foods they make and the things they do. Our cultures help us understand who we are and what we believe. There are very strong emotions connecting us to our own society. Two different cultures may disagree on something, especially if they both feel strongly about it. When that happens, war is a common result. People are learning better ways to communicate with each other. The more we learn, the more we appreciate the differences in cultures. \n Answer: Every one with an identity card has his own culture.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c941e986571c41e6bf7a02c3a4c9b49b",
            "input": "Article: As a child, I remember listening to a song called \"Wonderful, Wonderful Copenhagen.\" When  I visited the city last year, that song kept running through my head. It got me wondering: Just what is wonderful about Copenhagen? It's not a place filled with world-famous tourist sites. But it does have a charm that makes you want to  _ . You can sample the food, visit the castles and museums, and learn about the life of the Danes. Stoget, the world's longest pedestrian   mall, runs through the center of the old city. This string of lively street and squares  _ I happily explored the mall, looking in the windows of shops and cafes. I followed Stoget from the square in front of the city hall to Nyhavn. Here, old houses painted bright color1s look out over a picturesque harbor filled with sailing ships. Denmark's beloved storyteller Hans Christian Andersen lived here when he wrote his first stories. From Nyhavan, I continued heading north. I wanted to see Copenhagen's symbol, the statue of the Little Mermaid  . She was set up in honor of Hans Christian Andersen's famous story. As I continued my city tour, one thing impressed me all the bicycles. I learned that half the population of Copenhagen rides bikes every day. Only 20 percent of Copenhageners own cars because there is a 180 percent tax on them. That certainly keeps the city free of traffic jams and heavy pollution! It's easy to join all the bicyclists pedaling   through the streets, too. The city provides free bicycles that anyone can use. The cycling around the castles and parks made a relaxing end to a full day. As darkness fell and the parks' lights began to twinkle, I watched families enjoying themselves. So what is wonderful about Copenhagen? Just about everything. \n Answer: Nyhavn is a city hall where Hans Christian Anderson once worked.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fde8070bf94d451ca238391ab576fd31",
            "input": "Article: What makes a house a home? Not size, of course. I've been in some of the grandest houses in America, and it's readily apparent that no one lives there. Earlier this year, I had dinner in a mud hut in Ethiopia, where we sat on chairs next to the hostess's bed --- a home that had more warmth than any house I've been in since. Now John Edwards is exploring what makes a house a home in his just-released Home: The Blueprints of Our Lives. There Edwards writes, \"This is a book about homes, the values they rest on, the dreams they are filled with, and the people they have shaped. The houses and circumstances are different, but much of what you find inside will be familiar.\"  Whether you're sitting in an airport right now, waiting to fly to your childhood home for Thanksgiving, or in your own home waiting for the  s to arrive, you know what he's talking about.   We've lived in our townhouse for 21 years. The loose windows make noise in the wind. The fireplace is so shallow it holds only one log. The kitchen window offers a view of the world passing by. It's where friends sit on the kitchen counter drinking wine while dinner is being fixed. I lived there for only 18 years, but it will always be my true home. Even the lamp in the west living room window, which I could see far down the road when driving home late at night, still shines.     While all this talk about childhood memories can be warm and comforting, home is whom you're with, not where you are. As Edwards writes, \"Home is family. Home is safety. Home is faith.\"   Happy homecoming! \n Answer: What Makes a House Home",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df6f99d8f8024749b263af37dfbcf5e3",
            "input": "Article: Liyuan style Peng Liyuan,wife of President Xi Jinping, has drawn extensive attention from people both at home and abroad for her charisma and grace. Accompanying her husband on his first overseas trip after becoming president, Peng Liyuan exhibited graceful demeanor, a pleasant personality and well-chosen dress, prompting people to coin the term \"Liyuan style\". Peng Liyuan, as one of China's best-known singers, was popular among Chinese people long before her husband became the president. Loved by her fans, she has been in touch with the people for years. \"Liyuan style\" is not only representative of a fashion idol, but also overpass cultural and diplomatic barriers. The beautiful handbags Peng has carried, and the plain but elegant and delicate dresses she has worn have become popular. Her choice of clothing, made-in-China instead of luxurious foreign brands, shows her belief in domestic dress designs. But \"Liyuan style\" is not only about clothing and a woman's _ . It is also about diplomacy and promoting, China's soft power. In Moscow, Peng visited a boarding school for orphans and children estranged from their parents, encouraging them to strive for a better life, which brought out the maternal side of her character. In Tanzania, she donated sewing machines and school bags to women and children. And as a World Health Organization ambassador in the fight against AIDS, Peng is devoted to many public causes, including those relating to charity and healthcare. Some observers have already started saying that Peng's activities have become part of public diplomacy in China. Also, \"Liyuan style\" has boosted the confidence of the Chinese people. Modern but not flashy, elegant but not arrogant, Peng has all the virtues of a Chinese woman and carries them to the international stage. Since the 18th Party Congress and the annual sessions of the NPC and CPPCC, the country's new leadership has vowed to adopt a down-to-earth work style to connect with the people. Peng's plain but elegant style shows that thriftiness and an earthy style need not be drab and boring. So it can be said that Peng's first appearance on the international stage has kicked off well. \n Answer: Things she carried with",
            "output": [
                "What's the meaning of the underline word \"paraphernalia\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9966f3fcf5ae440c90c6633456c03bff",
            "input": "Article: It must be something that many American companies hold a baby contest.Of course, babies are wonderful, and many parents would be the first to agree.Companies really bring in much money. Walgreens Baby contest If you play the new Baby Milestones Challenge Contest by BabyCenter & Walgreens, you could win $1,000 in Walgreens & Beauty.com Gift Cards and Certificates.You can play the instant winner if you get a $25 Walgreen's gift card, but you also have to write down your email address and receive all their sales and other information for the contest. Kids and Babies Kids and Babies are accepting entries for May 2014 Free Photo Contest.Baby Photo Galley with theme albums and age group albums is moved to the new website Cute Baby Gallery.Check KidsandBibs.com for their Baby Photo Contest blog's latest update.The grand prize is $25,000.The catch: Winners are decided by the visitors coming to the site and voting for their favorite babies, so you have to advertise their site for them. Parents.com Parents.com has a website only for their members, but if you are into baby photos, it is well worth surfing.You could receive offers on free samples, money-saving coupons  , and chances to win the latest contests. Avon Avon is another company that has a baby photo contest this spring.Avon is advertising their newest collection.It is Avon's only collection for the photos of babies.Babies' age: newborn to 2 years.Just go to TinyTillia.com and upload your recent baby's photos.The first place baby will be featured in a Tiny Tillia Storybooks and win a $5,000 U.S.Savings Bond.Ten beautiful girls will win $300 worth of Tiny Tillia products. The tip is to run a search engine for all the latest contests going on and start entering them today.You could be lucky and win enough to put your baby through college! Have fun! \n Answer: Getting a gift card.",
            "output": [
                "What is the basic condition for you to play the instant winner in Walgreens & Beauty.com?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2524b684416541ab815f45745a7c8919",
            "input": "Article: Vanatsaya Viseskul, a sweet-voiced, round-faced 16-year-old Thai singer, whose name, at the moment, is inextricably linked with the late Teresa Teng, a singer from Taiwan whose love songs gained her wide fame across Asia, sat on a chair in a dressing room of a theater in Beijing. Viseskul was preparing for her performance at a gala  by China Oriental Performing Arts Group, one of the country's most prestigious performing arts groups, which has official support. It was beyond doubt that she was expecting that her debut for this great group would be a success for her career. Titled Oriental Love, the gala, which was staged from Dec. 14 to 17 at Mei Lanfang Grand Theater, showcased music and dances from more than 10 countries. Viseskul, representing Thailand, performedTheMoonRepresentsMyHeart, one of Teng's most famous ballads, which is also one of the favorite songs of the young Thai singer. The romance conveyed by this famous song has been attracting millions of people who have ever heard it and it will by no means be forgotten by them. It is Viseskul's first public performance after participating in the popular reality TV show, the fourth season ofTheVoiceofChina, which was aired by Zhejiang Satellite TV from July to October. In this program Viseskul began to be known by the Chinese audience and they were amazed at the similarity of her appearance to that of Teng. During the show, sheperformed Teng's popular hits. Thanks to her voice, singing style as well as her image, which resembles the legendary Teng, Viseskul gained overnight fame, though she didn't win the competition at last. However, it seemed that her life did become different after the reality show. With nearly 100,000 followers on her Sina Weibo account, Viseskul was recognized by the Ministry of Tourism and Sports of the Kingdom of Thailand and the Tourism Authority of Thailand for her contribution to promoting a positive image of Thailand in China at the competition. Viseskul talks slowly and softly in fluent Chinese. It's easy to forget that she is just 16 because of her smile and calmness on and off the stage. Born in a small village of Kamphaeng Phet, Viseskul was fond of singing from the time she was 3. At 7, she listened to Teng's songs for the first time after her parents traveled back from Hong Kong, bringing home the CDs of the singer. You can hardly imagine her enthusiasm about them when spotting and listening to them. \"The moment I listened to her songs, I felt so familiar. Though I couldn't speak any Chinese, I learned the songs fast. Since then, I hoped to visit China and become a singer,\"she says, adding that she likes Chinese songs, especially those from the 1970s and 1980s. Many of her friends and  s showed great puzzlement and they just couldn't make out why she was so crazy about Chinese music. In 2014, Viseskul was admitted into the affiliated high school of the China Conservatory of Music. Now, she is studying at an international school in Beijing, focusing on learning Chinese. She also has other plans, such as furthering her studies in Japan or South Korea. However challenging it may be for her to become a superstar, she is determined to carry on regardless of any obstacles she may encounter in the future. \n Answer: She became famous for she was much like Teng in terms of music and image.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what can we know about Viseskul?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cdd8c4d2f9b84488bfc8daae220db46d",
            "input": "Article: Far from the land of Antarctica  , a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod. For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer. Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish's blood and measured its freezing point. The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of -1.88degC and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to -2.05degC. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice-salt mixture. The scientists' next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish's blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein   never before seen in the blood of a fish. When _ was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point. Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules   held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a _ . So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP. \n Answer: A special fish living in freezing waters.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-783eee1357c84838b975929bf14abbd2",
            "input": "Article: TODAY, Friday , November12          JAZZ with the Mike Thomas Jazz Band at the Derby Arms .Upper Richmond Road West ,Sheen.          DISCO Satin Sounds Disco .Free at the Lord Napier ,Mort lake High St ,from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m .Tel:682--1158.          SATURDAY, November 13          JAZZ Lysis at the Bull's Head ,Barnes Admission 60p.          MUSICAL HALL at the Star and Garter ,Lower Richmond Road ,Putney ,provided by the Aba Daba Music Hall company .Good food and entertainment fair price .Tel :789--6749.          FAMILY night out ?Join the sing-along at the Black Horse .Sheen Road, Richmond .          JAZZ the John Bennett Big Band at the Bull's Head ,Barnes ,Admission 80p.          THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West ,give you Joe on the electric accordion .Tel:789--4536          SUNDAY, November 14          DISCO Satin Sounds Disco ,free at the Lord Napier ,Mort Lake High Street ,from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m .          FOLK MUSIC at the Derby Arms .The Short Stuff and residents the Norman Chop Trio .Non-remembers 70p.Tel:688--4626.          HEAVY MUSIC with Tony Simon at Bull ,Upper Richmond Road West ,East Sheen .          THE DERBY ARMS ,Upper Richmond Road West ,give you Joe on the electric accordion . \n Answer: At the Derby Arms on Sunday",
            "output": [
                "Where and when can you hear the Norman Chop Trio ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b1019ae7890044c391ed09f4ecf1f123",
            "input": "Article: One summer I was driving from my hometown of Tahoe City, California, to New Orleans. In the middle of the desert, I came upon a young man standing by the roadside. He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. I drove right by him. There was a time in the country when you'd be considered a stupid person if you passed by somebody in need. Now you are a fool for helping. With gangs, drug addicts, murderers, thieves everywhere, \"I don't want to get involved\" has become a national motto. Several states later I was still thinking about the hitch-hiker . Leaving him standing in the desert did not bother me so much. What bothered me was how easily I had reached the decision. I never even lifted my foot off the accelerator . Does anyone stop any more? I wondered. I recalled Blanche DuBois's family line: \"I have always depended on the kindness of the strangers\". Could anyone rely on the kindness of the strangers these days? One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying only on the good will of his fellow Americans. What kind of Americans would he find? Who would feed him, shelter him, and carry him down the road? The idea interested me. So I decided to travel from the Pacific to the Atlantic without a penny. It would be a cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar. I would only accept offers of rides, food and a place to rest my head. My final destination would be Cape Fear in North Carolina, a symbol of all the fears I'd have to conquer during the trip. I rose early on September 6, 1994, and headed for the Golden Gate Bridge with a 50-pound pack on my back and a sign displaying my destination to passing vehicles: \"America\". For six weeks I hitched 82 rides and covered 4,223 miles across 14 states. As I traveled, folks were always warning me about someplace else. In Montana they told me to watch out for the cowboys in Wyoming; in Nebraska they said people would not be as nice as in Iowa. Yet I was amazed by people's readiness to help a stranger, even when it seemed against their own best interests. \n Answer: Because he thought the young man didn't need help.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author drive past the young man in the desert without stopping?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9f81139cc784416d940711ddc484d755",
            "input": "Article: Three Chinese astronauts on June 24 successfully completed a manual docking between the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft and the orbiting Tiangong-1 lab module, _ in China's history of space exploration. It means China has completely grasped space rendezvous and docking technologies and the country is fully capable of transporting humans and cargo to an orbiter in space, which is essential for building a space station in 2020. Astronaut Liu Wang, assisted by his teammates Jing Haipeng and Liu Yang, controlled the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft to dock with the Tiangong-1 space lab module at 12:48 p.m., which were reconnected about seven minutes later. About one and a half hours before the docking, Shenzhou-9 parted from Tiangong-1 to a berth point 400 meters away from the module. To leave room for adjustments, engineers set up four berth points for the spaceship on the same orbit 5 km, 400 meters, 140 meters and 30 meters away from the orbiting lab. \"The manual docking was beautifully conducted. The manual docking was completed in only 7 minutes, 3 minutes faster than the automatic docking.\" said Liu Weibo, who is responsible for China's astronaut system. Liu explained to Xinhua the three factors behind today's manual docking success. Firstly, Liu Wang has grasped the sophisticated manual docking technologies very well and his psychological status has been sound. Secondly, the three astronauts were in close cooperation. Thirdly, the domestically-made docking system was reliable, he said. The astronauts, 343 km away from Earth, were also greeted by Chinese oceanauts from the Mariana Trench, 7,020 meters beneath the Pacific Ocean, where they just broke the country's dive record in a manned submersible on Sunday morning. \"We hope the manual docking is a great success and wish for brilliant achievements in China's manned space and manned deep-sea dive causes,\" read the message sent by the three oceanauts aboard the manned submersible Jiaolong. Wu Ping, spokeswoman for China's manned space program, said Sunday the manual space docking was \"a complete success.\" She told a press conference in Beijing that the three Chinese astronauts had already re-entered the space lab module to continue their scientific experiments. The manual docking is a significant step for China's manned space program that celebrated its 20th anniversary this year, as China has fully grasped space travel, space walk and space rendezvous and docking technologies that are essential to building a space station. China is the third country, after the United States and Russia, to acquire technologies and skills necessary for space rendezvous and docking and be able to supply manpower and material to an orbiting module via different docking methods. \n Answer: The manual docking was completed in almost the same minutes as the automatic docking.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not right according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b7da1e390c1a42668ba844e2e8c8d6f6",
            "input": "Article: London has a new magazine.However,it is not printed on paper any more.Everyone who has a television can receive it because it is already on TV!     In order to read this magazine,you need to have a decoder.Each page of it is numbered,so you have to dial a number to choose which subject you want to read about.You have a wide choice of topics to choose from-everything from cooking to the latest news.     If you want to read some news,the first thing you have to do is to check at the index page which has an easy-to-remember page number,1 00 for example.From page 100,you can then choose from the news articles on page 101 to 109.From here,you will have to key in the numbers again.Then,the news will appear written across your screen.If you want to go out in the afternoon,you can press 181,and a brightly color1ed weather map will appear on the screen.But if you want to buy some cheap things,you can press 162 for a list of the week's best bargains.And whether you should drive or just take the train,you can simply press 189 for the traffic report.This new magazine on TV is very simple to use.But probably,the best thing about the service is that is being updated all the time.Journalists type new materials directly onto screen and the page of the magazine is replaced in minutes.     London already has three services.One,transmitted by ITV ,is called ORACLE while the other two,on BBC,are called CEEFAX because they let you see facts.Although CEEFAX and ORACLE have been operating for some time, they have not been well publicized.BBC engineers do not think that their idea will ever replace books and newspapers because this new invention can't be taken with you wherever you go.But many people would agree that this is a breakthrough as great as the invention of printing, which could change not only our reading habits but also our lifestyles. \n Answer: A New Magazine",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2d07ff801bf496aac849b2004f52426",
            "input": "Article: In 1953, the New Zealander Edmund Hillary, then 33, joined a British Qomolangma expedition led by Colonel John Hunt. Tom Bourdillon and Charles Evans were the first team to attempt the summit  . Despite a violent storm, they reached the South Summit -- at 28,700 feet (8,748 meters) -- by 1 p.m. on May 26. But both men knew they would run out of oxygen if they went on. They agreed to turn back. Two days later, Hillary and Norgay, set out from Camp IX at 25,900 feet to make the next attempt. At 27,900 feet they made a temporary camp on a six foot wide rock to spend the night. At 6:30 the next morning, cheered by clearing skies, the team moved out. Roped together, cutting steps with their ice axes, they inched up a steep, knife-edged ridge   southeast of the summit. They reached the South Summit by 9:00 a.m. Farther up, they met a 40-foot icy rock face, which was later named the Hillary Step. \"...looking up at the rock step at 29,000 feet, it really did look extremely difficult to overcome,\" said Hillary. But they found a narrow crack on the surface of the rock, just large enough to move inside on hands and knees, and managed to climb it by supporting feet against one side and backs against the other. Hillary said, \"That was really the first moment during the whole of the expedition that I was confident that we were going to get to the top.\" The last few yards to the summit were relatively easy. \"Then I realized that the ridge, instead of rising ahead, now dropped sharply away,\" Hillary said. \"I looked upward to see a narrow ridge running up to a sharp point. ...and we stood on the summit.\" It was 11:30 a.m. on May 29, 1953. \n Answer: How the Hillary Step got its name.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-42eb2b1a96c441ac9684441eccb6584c",
            "input": "Article: Thanks for bringing me down here to the university last Sunday. Classes didn't start until Wednesday, so I had a few days to get adjusted. I'm signed up for five classes: zoology, calculus, English, and two history sections. It's a heavy load, but they are all courses that will count for my degree. The zoology class which meets at 8:00 every morning is going to be my hardest subject. The history class that I have in the morning is on Western Civilization; the one in the afternoon is on early prefix = st1 /United Stateshistory, our ancestors' life. Calculus which I have at noon every day looks like it's going to be easy. Besides zoology, the other class that's going to be hard is English, for you see, we have to do a composition a week. I like all of my classmates but one. There are four of us in our suite including two girls from Texas and a girl from Manitoba. Sally who is fromSan Antoniois great: I feel like I've known her all my life. I also really like Anne who is the girl fromManitoba. Heather the other girl fromTexasis kind of a pain, though; she's one of those types of people who never tell you what's bothering them and then get hostile. I don't know how to get along with her but I'll try my best to make friends with her. This I take as one other class I myself open. All in all, though, it looks like it's going to be a great year. I'll write again in a week or so. \n Answer: InAmerica.",
            "output": [
                "Where is the author of the above passage now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a40b8120a34b467dafd73044e807d7a5",
            "input": "Article: Americans can travel almost anywhere they choose. But to protect its people, the government lists a few dangerous places where Americans cannot go. These places are unfriendly countries or countries at war. There, the travelers might not be safe. These countries are listed in a small book called a passport . This passport is a government request for the safety of its traveling people. It is also a government's pledge  that the people will obey the rules of the host country. To receive a passport from the government, a traveler must prove that he is an American citizen. An American cannot go abroad without a passport. Only certain close countries such as Canada and Mexico do not ask for passports Stuck  inside the passport is the traveler's picture. Children traveling with their parents are included in one parent's book. Thousands of people from the United States visit other countries every year. An American traveler might carry plane tickets, money, clothing and many other things. But the most important thing that he carries in another country is his passport. \n Answer: It helps the country to protect the people",
            "output": [
                "Why does a traveler need a passport?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a1249f545314607ace4425eeef36199",
            "input": "Article: Elephants are the largest land animals and they need plenty of living space. They have seasonal migration   routes. As human populations rise, elephant land is being cleared for agriculture and other kinds of development.  When animals are effectively trapped on small areas of land, it restricts the gene pool and also results in a shortage of food. Where elephant reserves   border agricultural areas, elephants are often attracted to leave parks to attack crops and barns. Only the strongest walls will stop an adult elephant (males can weigh 6,000kg), so farmers have great difficulty protecting their fields. In prefix = st1 /India, elephants don't only attack for food. Some even have developed a taste for rice beer. InAssam, elephant-human conflict has resulted in the death of more than 150 people and 200 elephants in the space of two years. Poverty leads to the killing of elephants for meat. If people don't have enough food and their governments cannot afford to enforce poaching  bans, it's not difficult to predict the outcome.  Ivory comes form elephant tusks , which can grow to be 3 meters long. Both male and female African elephants have large tusks. Most new ivory comes from Africa and is sold as a high status material in Asian countries such as Thailand, mainlandChinaandJapan. It can fetch $150 an pound and is carved to make decorations, chopsticks and ink stamps. The conservation   priority   here is to change public attitudes. In some countries in southern Africa, where conservation efforts have been successful, there is not enough room for a growing elephant population and animals have to be killed. A CITES meeting in November 2002 ruled that Botswana,NamibiaandSouth Africamay sell stock-piled ivory, starting in2004. Many conservationists are convinced that _ will fuel the demand for ivory and lead to more illegal poaching, they say it is almost impossible to tell legal from poached ivory. The governments argue that the sales will be used to fund conservation work. \n Answer: Seasonal migration.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following isn't the result of smaller elephant land?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cad18a6d1eb14ec6bb337dbb8f97cf22",
            "input": "Article: In recent years, especially during the l960s, there was much discussion about \"the brain drain (, ),\" which dealt with the problem of students and learned people who left their own countries for other countries that offered better chances for study, research, and employment.For example, according to a report from U.N., between 1962 and l966 more than 50 percent of all engineering graduates of Iran and 14 percent of Iranian scientists left their country for work abroad.Over 30 percent of Chilean engineers and 15 percent of Turkish physicians also went to work in other countries.Probably the greatest brain drain occurred among young scientists who had gone abroad to study.Many of them had planned to return to their countries to teach but chose to remain in more industrialized nations where they were able to continue their work and their research in fields in which there were no job possibilities at home.The countries that attracted most of these scientists were the United States, Great Britain, Germany, France, Canada, and Australia. Recent studies show that the brain drain to the United States may be decreasing.Many foreign scientists are going home again, and in some cases American scientists are leaving the United States for employment in other countries.The main reasons are that good jobs are becoming fewer here, money for national research has been sharply cut, and university fellowships reduced too.However, in the field of medicine the drain to the United States still goes on.Today more than one of every five American doctors is foreign - born, and several thousand foreign doctors immigrate to the United States each year.Over eighty countries have asked the State Department to send students who are skilled in important fields such as medicine back home when their study programs are over. \n Answer: Good housing.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not the reason for \"the brain drain\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-870f229da5344e92af089dfd4a559fbf",
            "input": "Article: Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission  to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling. In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon  , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea. Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the first medical school for women. \n Answer: It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States",
            "output": [
                "Why couldn't Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3bebb6a8c5f0491ba6d012587ee97692",
            "input": "Article: LONDON (Reuters)--New faces given to a Chinese man after a bear tore off part of his face and a FrenchCaribbean man disfigured by a rare tumor show that such transplants can work and are not medical oddities  ,researchers said. The findings give hope to some people with severe facial disfigurement and suggest the transplants could prove longlasting without major problems.Despite the tissue rejection in the first year after their transplants,neither men had psychological problems accepting their new faces and have been able to rejoin society,they reported. Only three people have received face transplants.The world's first was carried out on French woman Isabelle Dinoire in November 2005 after she was disfigured in an attack by her dog.In 2007,her doctors reported that she had recovered slowly and steadily,overcoming two periods of rejection. In 2006,Chinese doctors performed a face transplant on a 30yearold hit by a bear.While there were some complications with tissue rejection following the operation,two years later the man was doing well,his doctors said.\"This case suggests that facial transplantation might be an option for _ a severely disfigured face,and could enable patients to bring themselves back into society,\" Shuzhong Guo and colleagues at Xijing Hospital in China wrote. A French team described their work on a 29yearold man who suffered from Von Recklinghausen disease,an illness that changes the shape of his face.\"The man,who was not named,was given a new nose,mouth and chin in a 2007 operation.He began to work 13 months after the transplant has more function in his face and has not rejected the new tissue,\" his doctors said. \"Our case confirms that face transplantation is practical and effective for the correction of specific disfigurement,\" Dr.Laurent Lantieri and colleagues at the HenriMondor hospital outside Paris wrote. \n Answer: Face transplants can work.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f1ec7d1353fa4155a60a84228bb71fe3",
            "input": "Article: Edda, a Little Valkyrie's First Day of School Written and illustrated  by Adam Auerbach. 32 pp. Christy Ottaviano/Holt. $15.50. Edda's home is in Asgard, \"a land full of magic and adventure.\" But Edda, the littlest Valkyrie, doesn't have quite enough to do, until her father flies her \"all the way to Earth for the first day of school.\" The contrast between home and school is hard to get used to (in one, she can ride reindeer; in the other she gazes guinea pig  through glass at the classroom). In his first picture book, Auerbach mixes the two worlds perfectly. Children are likely to appreciate the joke. Planet Kindergarten By Sue Ganz-Schmitt. Illustrated by Shane Prigmore. 32 pp. Chronicle. $14.99. After careful preparations and a successful blastoff, a boy finds himself in a very unfamiliar environment. \"We're aliens from many galaxies  on Planet Kindergarten,\" he reflects as he sees his very varied classmates for the first time. Prigmore, who designs for the movie industry, uses black backgrounds and bright colors to give this space adventure visual excitement and humor. The Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade By Justin Roberts. Illustrated by Christian Robinson. 42 pp. Putnam. $18.99. It makes sense that the author of the long, rhyming lines in \"The Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade\" is a children's music performer. The story is about the power of one small person to fight prejudice. Sally, whom no one ever seems to notice, is \"paying super extra special attention\" to the \"terrible stuff\" happening around her. When she decides to take action, she's not alone for long. And Two Boys Booed By Judith Viorst. 32 pp. Margaret Ferguson/Farrar, Straus & Giroux. $16.59. Ever felt quietly confident one minute, and a shaking mess the next? In Viorst's story about determination, a little boy wakes up thinking about singing his song in the class talent show. \n Answer: The book was Adam Auerbach's first picture book.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about the book Edda, a Little Valkyrie's First Day of School?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-26730b32dd3f41b5ab631b13a862f909",
            "input": "Article: In the early 1950s, researchers found that people scored lower on intelligence tests if they spoke more than one language. Research in the sixties found the opposite. Bilingual people scored higher than monolinguals, people who speak only one language. So which is it? Researchers presented their newest studies last month at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The latest evidence shows that being bilingual does not necessarily make people smarter. But researcher Ellen Bialystok says it probably does make you better at certain skills. Ellen Bialystok said, \"Imagine driving down the highway. There're many things that could capture your attention and you really need to be able to monitor all of them. Why would bilingualism make you any better at that?\" And the answer, she says, is that bilingual people are often better at controlling their attention -- a function called the executive control system. Ms. Bialystok is a psychology professor at York University in Toronto, Canada. She says the best method to measure the executive control system is called the Stroop Test. A person is shown words in different color1s. The person has to ignore the word but say the color1. The .problem is that the words are all names of color1s. Ellen Bialystok said, \"So you would have the word blue written in red, but you have to say red. But blue is so salient , it's just lighting up all these circuits  in your brain, and you really want to say blue. So you need a mechanism  to  _ that so that you can say red. That's the executive control system.\" Her work shows that bilingual people continually practice this function. They have to, because both languages are active in their brain at the same time. They need to suppress  one to be able to speak in the other. This mental exercise might help in other ways, too. Researchers say bilingual children are better able to separate a word from its meaning, and more likely to have friends from different cultures. Bilingual adults are often four to five years later than others in developing dementia or Alzheimer's disease. \n Answer: Bilingual People, Better at Some Skills",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-39969913b1a3485da2dda2a1eb6fa3e9",
            "input": "Article: Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates with big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had worked on, hoping to hide myself. \"What could be causing everyone to act this way?\" Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real task I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched for the name of this fellow, it became obvious that there were two people with the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice: flip   a coin. Heads--the commander, and tails--the peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, \"My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.\" The whole world became quiet! How could I know that she meant that George Washington? Obviously, my grade was terrible. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. At last, I worked very hard for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance came as I found myself sitting in the headmaster's office with my grandfather, now having a completely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my chance to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet! \n Answer: Funny.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author's classmates think about his report?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5c2739670a9e4fdb8092741db8422e13",
            "input": "Article: Scientists have discovered a special biological behavior in dolphins  that could lead to a treatment for late-onset diabetes  in humans. Studies on dolphins found that healthy dolphins switch into a diabetic-like state overnight when they are not feeding, but return to normal when they eat the following morning. The extraordinary finding has led scientists to suggest that dolphins have \"genetic switch\" that allows them to imitate diabetes while they are not feeding for a night, without suffering any ill effect. If researchers can identify a similar genetic pathway in human, they may be able to develop drugs to effectively switch off diabetes. Some 2.2 million people in Britain have type 2 (or late-onset) diabetes, a figure that is expected to reach 4 million by 2025 as a consequence of rising levels of obesity . The tissues of people with type 2 diabetes have become resistant to insulin  so they lose the ability to control sugar levels in their blood. The condition can damage the heart, eyes, kidneys  and nerves and contribute to 5% of all deaths, according to the World Healthy Organization. Dolphins appear to imitate diabetes to keep high levels of blood sugar when food is rare. Like humans, dolphins need some sugar in their blood for their brains to function normally. Venn-Watson's team analyzed 1,000 blood samples  from 52 dolphins while they didn't eat anything overnight and fed in the morning. At night time, the dolphins' metabolism changed greatly and showed similar characteristics to that seen in people with type 2 diabetes. \"It is our hope that this discovery can lead to new ways to prevent, treat and maybe even cure diabetes in humans,\" said Stephanie Venn-Watson, director of clinical research at the National Marine Foundation in San Diego. \n Answer: Humans get some idea of treating diabetes from dolphins.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bf557aa0794b4870a4b5c0c30747d9e1",
            "input": "Article: Back to the Future With the help of a local inventor's time machine, Marty travels back to the 1950s. There his 80s hipness stands out, and he inadvertently interferes with the fledgling romance of his parents-to-be. Can Marty keep them together? He'd better, or his own future will fade away. Featuring: Christopher Lloyd, Michael J.Fox. A universal Pictures release, 1 hr. 55 min. Beethoven's 2nd In this sequel to the popular Beethoven, our canine hero falls for Missy, who soon has puppies. Missy's greedy owner, Regina, who sees only money in the little purebreds, separates mom and pups from Beethoven. His owners rescue the puppies, but Regina still has Missy. Featuring: Charles Grodin, Bonnie Hunt. A Universal Pictures release, 1 hr. 26 min. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Despite the popularity of his treats, candy maker Willy Wonka shuts himself inside his factory. But then Willy holds a contest, offering five lucky children the chance to see his company. Poor but pleasant Charlie Bucket finds a ticket, as do four less-deserving children. Featuring: Johnny Depp, Freddie Highmore. A Warner Bros. Release, 1 hr. 56 min. Cinderella Man Based on actual events, this film follows the life of Jim Braddock, a boxer in New York City during the Great Depression. After a series of losses, Braddock is forced into retirement. But he never gives up his boxing dream, and neither does his manager. Featuring: Russell Crowe, Renee Zellweger. A Universal Pictures release, 2 hr. 14 min. Liar Liar Lawyer Fletcher Reede has never told the truth in his life. Then his son makes a birthday wish that his dad would stop lying for 24 hours. Suddenly, Fletcher's mouth spouts everything he thinks. His compulsion brings disaster to courtroom, where he must defend a client whose case was built on lies. Featuring: Jim Carrey, Justin Cooper. A Universal Pictures release, 1 hr. 25 min. \n Answer: Missy.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is probably the name of a dog?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac403370a15d40f5893e41291a1d227c",
            "input": "Article: Researchers who study relationships have discovered that a big difference between those who make new friends easily, and those who don't, is that socially successful people tend to make eye contact with their conversation partners much more frequently than those who are less successful socially. In fact, you may be able to become much more socially successful by making this one simple change to your behavior. Most Americans prefer to have a lot of eye contact when they are talking with someone. When a person doesn't make eye contact with them, they tend to think that the person is hiding something or the person doesn't believe in himself/herself. When you are having a conversation and you want to leave a friendly impression, be sure to keep looking at that person frequently while you are talking. If it really bothers you to look directly into another person's eyes, you can gaze generally at, not above, the eyebrow area or the bridge of the nose; this is close enough to the eye region that you will appear to be looking at the person's eyes. But neither the hair or the shoulders have the same effect. Don't stare at other people too intensely, otherwise, you will look aggressive . Keep the majority of your focus on the other person. If you glance around the room too much, or look too frequently at other people, your conversation partner may guess that you are looking around for someone else you would rather talk with. You can lighten your nervousness by smiling more often, nodding, and by gazing at the entire face as well as the eyes. In addition, you can frequently look away for very short periods. When people get the sense that you are really paying attention to them, they will be much more likely to want to have conversations with you! \n Answer: They are angry and ready to attack.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the impression left by those who don't make eye contact during the talk?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e6090c98d2449cf88ee3b79e70d3596",
            "input": "Article: Whether you're up for a Crocodile Dundee adventure or you'd just like a taste of the Australian sun, the beaches in and around Sydney can offer you all that and more. Sydney Beach Sydney Beach is located at Sydney's northernmost tip on an extension  of land ending at Palm Beach. Before checking out the golden sand, take a quick tour of the houses of millionaires from the art and film industries. Palm Beach Only about an hour from downtown Sydney, Palm Beach offers a long stretch  of clean sand and water. With parking near the center of the beach, that leaves the rest of it as a _ population and peaceful location from which you can surf or body board--but take care; without the huge crowds of other Sydney beaches, Palm Beach doesn't afford quite the safety level to be found elsewhere; volunteer lifesavers are on duty only on weekends and holidays. Bondi Beach For the big name beach, Bondi Beach has to be your choice. Parking is difficult to find even on slow days, so consider taking public transport to this world-known beach in the eastern Sydney suburbs. Easily reachable by taxi, bus, and rail, Bondi Beach offers sun bathing, swimming, snorkeling, and all sorts of water sports fun. If you're in the mood for a bit of exercise, two scenic coastal walks will afford you great views and sights along the shore. Take in views from Mackenzie's Point. It starts at Bondi and heads south to Bronte Beach. But don't try to swim in Mackenzie's Bay--it holds dangers such as hidden rocks. Bronte Beach Your second choice for a scenic coastal walk covers a little under two miles and takes you from Bronte Beach to Waverly Cemetery, where many famous Australians are buried, including poets Henry Kendall, Doreothea Mackellar, and Henry Lawson. \n Answer: Bronte Beach--Bondi Beach--Palm Beach---Sydney Beach",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following shows the right order of the beaches listed from the south to the north?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f8b96c536a94b699571e2f4fda549ee",
            "input": "Article: On Sundays my father always wore that dull gray apron - the one with the race cars all over it. The ritual began after breakfast when Dad always announced: \"Go ahead everyone. I'll take care of the dishes!\" With that my mother disappeared into the folds of the Sunday paper. Off came the suit coat he had worn to church that morning. Up went the shirtsleeves. On went that apron. For the next hour Dad did the dishes, singing ballads like \"I Had a Hat When I Came In\" and \"Who Put the Chow in Mrs. Murphy's Chowder?\" I suppose it was strange for a boy's father to wear an apron - even one with race cars - but I never thought much of it until the day that Dad broke with tradition. It was the last Sunday in August. My father seemed in an expansive mood as we walked home from church together. \"Tommy,\" he said letting my name roll off his tongue. My mind raced ahead of his words: The birds and the bees? A new bike?  A part-time job? \"There comes a time in every boy's life when he must take on responsibilities.\" This was important. I might even get to back the car out of the driveway. \"Responsibilities?\" I asked. \"Yes. It's time you took a greater role in the household.\" Power tools? Boss my baby brother? \"Starting today, I want you to do the dishes on Sunday morning so your mother and I can work the crossword puzzle together.\" \"The dishes!?\" \"Anything wrong with taking over the dishes, son?\" I started to say something about a man's job or woman's work, but I knew immediately that my protests would fall on deaf ears. I didn't taste a bit of breakfast that morning. Dad seemed in a jovial mood as he described an exceptional Yankee game seen through the eyes of Mel Allen on the radio last night. \"Mickey Mantle drove the ball right over the center field wall,\" he said. \"Just a straight line climb in right out of the stadium.\" He looked out the window as if trying to pick the ball out of the cloud formations. I tried to imagine Mickey Mantle wearing an apron. Suddenly, everything grew quiet. My sister began to clear the table. My brother was scraping the last of the egg from his plate. And then that ancient family ritual that had filled so many Sunday mornings came to an end. My father announced: \"Let's go read the paper, Hon.\" \"Aren't you doing the dishes?\" my mother asked in puzzlement. \"Your oldest son has generously offered to fill the position.\" My brother and sister stopped cold. So this was what my life had come to. A dark angel sat on my left shoulder and reminded me that I could hit a baseball farther than anyone in my class. I could bench-press my weight. I knew three declensions in Latin, the language of Caesar. Ask me to run through a rainstorm. Command me to ride the roller coaster - backward. These things I would do. But I could never do those dishes. There was nothing left but to refuse. People often say there is a special chemistry between a father and a son. He came back into the kitchen just as I was about to storm out. He had loosened his tie and rolled up the sleeves of his shirt - ready to relax. In his right hand was the old apron. \"I want you to have this, Tommy. It'll keep your clothes from getting wet.\" And before I could mount a protest, he had put the thing on me. \"Thanks, Son. Your mother and I appreciate this.\" With that he disappeared into the Sunday paper. I looked down at the plastic. It had seen better days. I could see my dad reaching for the dishes. The dark angel flew off. Soon I was singing about Mrs. Murphy's chowder. The words came out of nowhere. And out of nowhere I knew the kind of man I wanted to be. \n Answer: Washing dishes was women's work..",
            "output": [
                "What did the author think of washing dishes at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f6f17c34ddda4a6db48600f32cf664b5",
            "input": "Article: When creating a digital advertisement or something to promote a product or service ,music is one of the most important aspects. Whether it is simply a jingle ,musical note or any other use of sound,music can play a huge role in attracting a customer's attention or being noticed by your target audience. Music can work hand-in-hand with what you are advertising. Many times the advertising jingle, or saying, is what the audience remembers. Companies such as McDonald's and Subway have used this method many times with different jingles and little sayings that are easy to remember and fun to sing along with. Usually concepts that are part of a jingle would sound conceited   and pompous  when said in a normal conversation. When put to music however, and sung in a rhythm,it suddenly sounds attractive. For example, if someone said,\" No one does it better than me\" in a normal statement, this would sound very conceited. Add music and a tune to this statement and it becomes attractive and fun for others to sing along with. While understanding how important music is for your advertising needs, it is also important for you to know the best way to get special music. Having people from many different backgrounds all over the world write something specifically for you is one of the best ways to get songs written just for you. You simply choose which one you believe is best for the project. So instead of hiring a single songwriter to compose your music, you can run a contest for you advertising jingle and songwriters around the world write you a finished jingle in an attempt to win your contest. \n Answer: Advertising music can help sell products.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-341e10cfe0ea41ea92da422686f9050b",
            "input": "Article: A young man learns what's most important in life from the guy next door. It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man. College, girls, career, and life itself got in the way. In fact, Jack moved clear across the country in pursuit of his dreams. There, in the rush of his busy life, Jack had little time to think about the past and often no time to spend with his wife and son. He was working on his future, and nothing could stop him.  Over the phone, his mother told him, \"Mr. Belser died last night. The funeral is Wednesday.\" Memories flashed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days.  \"Jack, did you hear me?\" \"Oh, sorry, Mom. Yes, I heard you. It's been so long since I thought of him. I'm sorry, but I honestly thought he died years ago,\" Jack said.  \"Well, he didn't forget you. Every time I saw him he'd ask how you were doing. He'd reminisce about the many days you spent over 'his side of the fence' as he put it,\" Mom told him.  \"I loved that old house he lived in,\" Jack said. \"You know, Jack, after your father died, Mr. Belser stepped in to make sure you had a man's influence in your life,\" she said  \"He's the one who taught me carpentry,\" he said. \"I wouldn't be in this business if it weren't for him. He spent a lot of time teaching me things he thought were important...Mom, I'll be there for the funeral,\" Jack said.  As busy as he was, he kept his word. Jack caught the next flight to his hometown. Mr Belser's funeral was small and uneventful. He had no children of his own, and most of his  s had passed away.  The night before he had to return home, Jack and his Mom stopped by to see the old house next door one more time. Standing in the doorway, Jack paused for a moment. It was like crossing over into another dimension, a leap through space and time. The house was exactly as he remembered. Every step held memories. Every picture, every piece of furniture....Jack stopped suddenly.  \"What's wrong, Jack?\" his Mom asked. \"The box is gone.\" he said.  \"What box?\" Mom asked.  \"There was a small gold box that he kept locked on top of his desk. I must have asked him a thousand times what was inside. All he'd ever tell me was 'the thing I value most'.\" Jack said.  It was gone. Everything about the house was exactly how Jack remembered it, except for the box. He figured someone from the Belser family had taken it.  \"Now I'll never know what was so valuable to him.\" Jack said. \"I better get some sleep. I have an early flight home, Mom.\"  It had been about two weeks since Mr. Belser died. Returning home from work one day, Jack discovered a note in his mailbox \"Signature required on a package. No one at home. Please stop by the main post office within the next three days.\" the note read.  Early the next day Jack retrieved the package. The small box was old and looked like it had been mailed a hundred years ago. The handwriting was difficult to read, but the return address caught his attention. \"Mr. Harold Belser\" it read. Jack took the box out to his car and ripped open the package. There inside was the gold box and an envelope. Jack's hands shook as he read the note inside.  \"Upon my death, please forward this box and its contents to Jack Bennett. It's the thing I valued most in my life.\" A small key was taped to the letter. His heart racing, as tears filling his eyes, Jack carefully unlocked the box. There inside he found a beautiful gold pocket watch.  Running his fingers slowly over the finely etched casing, he unlatched the cover. Inside he found these words engraved: \"Jack, Thanks for your time! -Harold Belser.\"  \"The thing he valued most was...my time\" Jack held the watch for a few minutes, then called his office and cleared his appointments for the next two days. \"Why?\" Janet, his assistant asked.  \"I need some time to spend with my son,\" he said, \"Oh, by the way, Janet, thanks for your time!\" \n Answer: His present busy life washed away his childhood memories.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jack think Mr. Belser died years ago?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c90d5f4e935c47b1b5ff111c4a68f74b",
            "input": "Article: A mother's love I'M a New York City firefighter. Every day, I see terror -- sometimes even death. But the day I found Scarlett was different. That day I saw life. And love. We were responding to a call about a burning garage. Outside, I heard the sound of cats crying. I couldn't stop -- I would have to look for the cats after the fire was put out. It took a long time to finally bring the big fire under control, but we did it. No one inside was hurt. At that point I was free to investigate the cat noises. There was still a lot of smoke and heat coming from the building. I followed the meowing  to a spot on the sidewalk near the front of the garage. There, crying and huddled  together, were five terrified kittens. They must have been inside the building, as their fur was badly singed . I left the five kittens in a box on a neighbor's porch . I wanted to find the mother. It was obvious that she had gone into the burning garage and carried out all of her babies, one by one -- unbelievable. We finally found her. She was badly burnt: her eyes were blistered  , her paws  were blackened, and her fur was singed all over. You could even see her reddened skin beneath the burned fur. She could barely move. I picked her up, and she relaxed in my arms as much as her pain would allow. Sensing her trust, I shed a tear. I was determined to save this brave little cat and her family. The vet told me they would observe the kittens and their mother overnight, but they weren't optimistic about the mother's changes. About a week later, I found out she was going to live. One of the technicians suggested we name her Scarlett, because of her reddened skin. Knowing what Scarlett endured  for her kittens, it melted my heart to see her reunited with them. She touched each of them again, nose to nose, to make sure they were all safe. She had risked her life five separate times -- and it had paid off. All of her babies had survived. As a firefighter, I see heroism  every day. But what Scarlett showed me that day was the kind of bravery that can only come from a mother's love. \n Answer: The author didn't find the cats until the smoke and heat were gone.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4766be4336ee45e1824df3041c5ded3a",
            "input": "Article: Lots of people buy books and products from Amazon, an online seller. They offer and pay over the Internet and the books are shipped through the mail or a delivery service like FedEx. One day, people could get their Amazon deliveries from an \"unmanned aerial vehicle\"--a timely vehicle that looks like a toy helicopter. And instead of waiting days to get the parcel, it could be at the buyer's home in half an hour or less. The company is working on a fleet of tiny vehicles they call \"Prime Air\". The vehicles are also known as \"octocopters\". On their website, Amazon says, \"One day, Prime Air Vehicles will be as normal as seeing a mail trucks on the road today.\" The U.S.'s Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is working on safety regulations for unmanned flying vehicles like the Prime Air copters. Those regulations will make sure the copters are able to fly safely where they need to go. Once the FAA has put its rules in place, which could be as early as 2016, Amazon will be ready with its fleet of tiny flyers. The process could take as many as five years. The new delivery service would likely be available only in the United States, at first. The copters the company is testing now can handle packages up to five pounds (2.3kg) and they have a range of 10 miles (16 kilometers). Other companies are also looking at using unmanned flying vehicles to deliver their products. For instance, Domino's Pizza in the U.K. released a video showing a \"DomiCopter\", delivering a pizza. That video may have been a publicity stunt . In any case, just like Prime Air's octocopters, the DomiCopters don't have clearance to take off just yet. \n Answer: To remind people to order online.",
            "output": [
                "For what purpose does Amazon want to use the Prime Air?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dc7354f168bb4036973ce27323945cb9",
            "input": "Article: The first step in exercising for most people is determining whether or not they should. This is particularly true with anyone over thirty-five, especially if they have been heavy smokers. Likewise, young adults who have been very inactive should proceed slowly and with caution. A physical evaluation from a physician is recommended, preferably one that includes an exercise-stress test. While a person is exercising, a stress test detects cardiovascular  problems that might not show up when the body is at rest. This is done by monitoring blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen consumption, and the heart's electrical activity while exercising. Whatever exercise program is selected, it is important to start with warm-up periods. These should include stretching exercises, jumping jacks, or active walking. The idea is to increase heart rate and circulation slowly without placing a sudden strain on the heart or the muscles that are starting to work. The next phase in developing an exercise program is to determine the amount of exercise that is enough to condition the muscles and cardiovascular system without excessively exhausting the body. This involves taking one's pulse and finding one's target zone. This target zone, or safe-training pulse rate, is established by subtracting one's age from 220 and then taking 60 percent to 80 percent of that total. If you are just starting to exercise, 60 percent is recommended; 80 percent is recommended if you are already in good condition. \n Answer: anyone who wants to take up exercise",
            "output": [
                "Who is the intended reader of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-125f33961d47452ea5ad9b06fbe99915",
            "input": "Article: It is impossible not to make a mistake at some point in your life.We may as well accept that something will go wrong and we will be to blame.It is therefore sensible to work out some strategies for apologizing,and the best way to apologize is by letter.This way you can take care over every word you write which you can't do if you say sorry to someone in person.   We all say or do something that we wish we hadn't said or done.You may say something that accidentally hurts someone,or you may provide a service which doesn't come up to the standards that a client or customer expected,   You may feel that it was a genuine mistake which couldn't be avoided.  _ you should quickly try to remedy   the problem.An effective letter of apology is an important part of that process.   For the content of the letter,just remember TABS--Timing,Action,Brevity,Sincerity.   The timing of a letter of apology is crucial--it must be sent as soon as possible.Any delay in sending the letter will only compound the problem.In this case \"Better late than never\" is not the best motto! The longer you wait before writing a,letter of apology,the more it will seem that you have been coerced   into writing it.   Although it is important to recognize what has gone before,it is also essential to detail the action you plan to take to  _ whatever it was you did wrong.Research has shown that some indication that you have thought about what future action you plan to take is always well received.   A letter of apology should be brief and the word \"sorry\" should appear no more than twice.Indicate that you are aware you are using it a second time\"Once again,I am so sorry for...\"or\"As I said earlier,I am really sorry about...\".Finally,the tone of the letter has to be sincere.In fact, the combination of all the above factors will help in this respect.   And don't think that letters are out of date in the email-oriented 21st century.An apology email can be worse than no apology at all ! \n Answer: It's a good idea to write a letter of apology as soon as something goes wrong.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of advice does the text suggest about apologizing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c234de81d3d54cb88c089e7ddee77890",
            "input": "Article: Orville Wright was born on August 19, 1871 in Dayton, Ohio, USA and died on January 30, 1948. Together with his brother, Wilbur, he was the first airplane builder. The brothers created the first controlled, powered and heavier-than-air human flight. His parents were Milton Wright and Susan Catherine Koerner and besides the two famous brothers they had five children. One day after a trip his father brought as a gift a small helicopter. The kids loved it and as they played daily with it after a while it broke. The brothers managed to create a new one. Wright even let go his plans of attending Yale. He spent his time helping his ill mother and reading in his father's library. In 1884 the family decided to move to Dayton and they remained there until the 1870's. A printing press was built by the two and Wilbur was an editor. In 1892 they started being fascinated by the aeronautical   events of that time. Then they started to create an airplane and Wilbur was considered the head of the team. They were the inventors of \"three axis-control\", which permitted the pilot to _ the aircraft's balance. In 1900 they had their first attempts to make a functional glider -- of course it didn't have a pilot. After three years they thought of introducing an engine to the glider. At first, their patent  application was refused in 1903, but after one year it was accepted. Orville's first flight lasted 12 seconds and had 36.5 meters. He was responsible with the public shows near Washington in the United States. On September 9, 1908 his flight was 62 minutes and 15 seconds long and the success was huge. \n Answer: Their father's gift.",
            "output": [
                "What might make Wright brothers interested in the plane?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-be931525d7cd47ff9c38018895e962b1",
            "input": "Article: China in the 21st century is making great progress in space technology. In 2003, the country sent up the manned spacecraft Shenzhou-V. Four years later, Chang'e-I went into orbit   around the moon. In 2008 a Chinese man did the country's first spacewalk. These achievements would have been unthinkable without the contribution of Qian Xuesen, a key scientist on space programs and rocketry   of the People's Republic of China. This pioneering scientist passed away in Beijing on October 31 in 2009 at the age of 98. Once called \"the father of our space industry\", Qian began working on China's missile and space technology in 1956, when China had little technology. When asked by General Chen Geng whether the Chinese could develop their own missiles, Qian said Chinese could do anything that foreigners could. His research helped lead to the explosion of China's first atomic bomb   in1964, as well as to its first man-made satellite in 1970 and its first manned spacecraft in 2003. Qian was born in Shanghai. He graduated from  Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1934.Then he studied in the US at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and later at the California Institute of Technology. During World WarII, Qian's research contributed to the development of rocket technology that the US military   began using in the 1940s. He was once prevented from leaving the country because it was decided that he knew too much about certain military matters. It was not until in 1955 that Qian returned to China with the help of the late premier Zhou Enlai. \"I plan to do my best to help the Chinese build a nation where they can live with dignity   and happiness, \" Qian told reporters before sailing for China in 1955. The great scientist devoted all his life to keeping the promise. \n Answer: It is a brief introduction to Qian, a famous Chinese scientist.",
            "output": [
                "What is the article mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5a2b9eaf3d70476da24c8e993a19f8b3",
            "input": "Article: Friendship Day in India falls on the first Sunday of August every year. It is celebrated with many activities. Young people in India spend the day with their closest friends and have fun together. Most youngsters in India plan a movie or have a meal with their friends. Many friends may go on a drive to tourist places or make a plan for camping. Some friends go to the supermarket to do some shopping. On Friendship Day, most stores offer discounted prices for customers and it is the perfect day to buy something for friends. Some friends go to parties that are organized by many restaurants in order to attract youngsters. Such parties are very enjoyable. You can get food at a discounted price. Some friends just decide to meet up (,) at someone's home and talk about their happy time. The time good friends spend sitting together and talking over a cup of coffee is precious and unforgettable. Long-distance friends call up each other on this day and wish each other with warm feelings. Some of them even plan to meet up on this particular day. Yet some others plan a surprising visit just to see their friend gasp   in shock! In 2009, Friendship Day in India falls on August 2nd. So don't forget to celebrate it with your friends. \n Answer: On the first weekend of August every year.",
            "output": [
                "When is Friendship Day celebrated in India?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e2a9f9a4eafd44b0822d72d0c47cca44",
            "input": "Article: The crowd at the airport flowed forward. The passengers had been waiting for a couple of hours for an airline employee to open the door leading to the plane outside. No one was in a good mood. An old man got trapped in the middle of the rush. He fell down without being able to break his fall. His head hit the concrete floor. Blood poured from his forehead. He appeared to be unconscious. Everyone rushed past him, except Dana. She called for help.      A minute later, a young airline employee showed up. Hardly looking at the old man, she told Dana to get aboard her plane. She said the old man would be okay, and walked away.      Dana screamed for help. An airport supervisor appeared. He told Dana to get on the plane. Dana said that she was not moving until an ambulance arrived. The supervisor said her plane would leave without her. Dana said that she didn't care.      An ambulance and two attendants finally arrived. The attendants said that the man would be okay, but he would need stitches . They put him into the ambulance and drove off.      On her way out to the plane, which was still refueling, Dana saw the employee who had ignored the old man at first. The employee said, \"You're lucky. The plane didn't leave without you.\"      \"The plane?\" Dana asked. \"Who cares about the plane? How could you be so cold? That was an old man; he could have been your grandfather! How would you like it if everyone just stepped over your grandfather and went on their way?\" \n Answer: She knows how to do first aid to an old man.",
            "output": [
                "What does the story mainly tell us about Dana?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f88c53b0de02459ca8527019c07b5097",
            "input": "Article: Pat came over from Ireland to England with his wife one year ago to find work. He got quite a good job with a building company, and as he did not drink or smoke, he saved up quite a lot of money. His wife's parents were still in Ireland, and one day she got a telegram saying that her mother was ill, so Pat gave her some money and she went to Ireland to see her mother. After a week, Pat wanted to write a letter to her, but he could not read or write very well, so he went to his priest and asked him to do it for him. Pat told the priest what he wanted to say, and the priest wrote it down. After a few minutes Pat stopped, and the priest said,\" Do you want to say more?\" \"Only ,\" 'Please excuse the bad writing and spelling',\" Pat said. \n Answer: To make money",
            "output": [
                "Why did Pat come to Ireland?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cd65d8624e664de8b19c621cdc88c333",
            "input": "Article: Twelve years ago, when I was 50,I wondered what 60 or 70 would be like? I looked around and saw only one style of living. It's not fair, I thought. Young people have so many styles to choose from, but older people have just one choice. So I decide to do something about it , something practical. I worked on my fitness by joining exercise classes in town. A few years later, my husband and I moved to a retirement community, and I wanted to teach aerobic classes. The community center wouldn't give me a room to teach in, so I had to walk around and find any available empty room. One day, the community center staff came to me and asked if I would help with the entertainment for a Hawaiian luau they were putting on. I said yes. Then I talked five other ladies into dancing with me. We performed the hula and a war chant and brought the house down. Someone had a camera and took pictures, and then sent them to our local paper. We got requests for more engagements, which in turn led to more publicity and yet more engagements. Soon we had invitations from all over the country. The Dancing Grannies were born! I think the real secret of the Dancing Grannies is out attitude. I was raised extremely poor ---no-food poor. If we wanted toys we had to make things up to play with ,so I learned early to be very creative. And you know,I think being poor was one of the best things that ever happened to me because I learned to look for treasures. That's what I'm still doing today--looking for the treasure in growing old. I'm getting better and better. It's true that _ have to be treated a bit differently, with a little care, but they still have a beauty of their own. \n Answer: Unsatisfying",
            "output": [
                "What did the writer think of the living style of the older people when she was 50?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fd7445441bc8491da34859b2951a8367",
            "input": "Article: GOLDEN, British Columbia (AP)---A 3-year-old girl found alive in the upside down wreckage of an airplane survived because she was  _ in a car seat, rescuers said. They said they knew she was OK when she cried for her teddy bear. Sunday's crash killed Kate Williams' pilot-grandfather, Allen D. Williams, 65, and another passenger, authorities said. The plane was found nose down and turned over in the icy water at the edge of a riverbank in the mountains of southeast prefix = st1 /British Columbia. \"What saved her life was being strapped into that car seat,\" said Mike Plonka, a member of the search-and-rescue team. \"You could see that she was very frightened. Her big concern at the time was her little teddy bear. She didn't want to leave without it. . . \" \"She was just pointing at it and calling it 'Baby'. \" he said Monday. The girl suffered head injuries but was reported as stable, hospital officials in Golden said. She was reunited with her parents.  Police said the Cessna 172 was on its way to Edmontonwhen it took off from Golden around 1 pm Sunday into low clouds and snow. Visibility was poor. An hour later, the Search and Rescue Centre in Victoria picked up the plane's emergency signal from somewhere near the BlaeberryRiver. A team using a hand-held beacon locator found the wreckage, and two military search and rescue technicians--Sgt. Scott Elliston and Master Cpl. Bruno Lapointe---landed nearby in a helicopter. As they checked for survivors, they discovered the girl alive but surrounded by debris in the back of the plane. The two soldiers tried to remove her from the wreckage, but she made it clear she didn't want to leave without her teddy bear.  \"I got her out and I handed her to Bruno. She was calling out for her teddy bear. I picked up the teddy bear to give it to her but it was covered with snow. She wasn't too happy that it was covered with snow so I brushed it off. \"Elliston said.  Williams was CEO and founder of Edmonton-based A. D. Williams Engineering Inc. The passenger who was killed, Steven T. Sutton, was chief financial officer. The two had been attending a business meeting in Golden. The cause of the accident was under investigation. \n Answer: 2.",
            "output": [
                "How many passengers died in the accident?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1b6fc04a01bd4150bf03c1831080026e",
            "input": "Article: If you experience great stress in your life on a frequent basis, you're not alone. Nowadays, stress is almost a given fact of life. Actually, a certain degree of stress can have positive effects on us. But if stress continues over a long period of time, the effects on the body can be harmful, resulting in health problems and stress-related illness, including heart attack and stroke. Stress is a normal reaction by the body to what it perceives  as a threatening situation or environment. Short-term reactions may include an increase in heart rate as well as a rise in blood pressure. A person under short-term stress may feel nervous, anxious and even experience shortness of breath. Other reactions can include a dry mouth, quick heartbeat, sweating, stomach upset and diarrhea. When stress is long-term and becomes more chronic   in nature, it can cause more serious health-related problems, including regular headaches, back pain, weight changes, sleep difficulties, changes in mood and so on. Chronic stress can also result in memory problems, including difficulty remembering new information and the inability to quickly deal with old information. No matter how your body reacts to stress, ignoring the problem can have serious health results. Not surprisingly, more women than men openly seek the help of their family doctors or other health care experts when they are experiencing stress or stress-related illness. Men are more likely to refuse to admit the problem or attempt to self-treat it, which may contribute to higher rate of drug and alcohol addiction seen in men exposed to chronic stress. There's no doubt that stress is a fact of life and is likely to remain a part of our fast-paced society. Although stress can't be completely _ , methods of dealing with stress-related issues, in my view, can be developed so that the effects of stress on the body are avoided, so people won't be so easy to suffer stress-related illness. \n Answer: A rise in blood pressure.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not the reaction of short-term stress?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e426e930c78d479a99424329b0baa93e",
            "input": "Article: Blogit is the first online subscription network connecting individual readers and writers.As Blogit grows, amazing things are happening.A friendly, active community has formed: readers are finding writers they enjoy; strangers are becoming friends; old classmates are running into one another; even romances are blossoming.And popular writers have already earned more than $1,000 on Blogit each month. Want to try? First of all, Blogit lets writers easily realize their dreams to write.Writers get their own writing space, where they are free to write on any topic, whenever they want: from opinion and observation to novel and poetry.Secondly, writers experience the excitement of knowing they are read, and enjoy gradually gaining a loyal  following.It' s simple for writers to find readers on Blogit, since there is a various, worldwide audience of people, waiting to read and comment ----right now. You never know whom you might meet on Blogit.Whether writers are looking for a quiet readership or are hungry for a spirited discussion, they will find it on Blogit. Many writers even have readers who have become new friends. Blogit member introduction appear on many of the top Internet search engines, which allows writers to publicize  their identity and helps increase their number of readers. Thanks to modern technology, writers get everything they need to begin.They can even make additional choices, to add pictures and select different styles, for example.There is nothing to install , and no  special software is needed.As Blogit grows, we are upgrading our systems and adding new features  requested by members.We do our best to help members, replying to most questions within one business day. I invite you to try Blogit today.Here' s my promise: if you find that you aren't being read on Blogit, simply cancel  your subscription and you will not be charged again.It' s quick and easy to sign up.If you sign up now, you'll get all of Blogit's benefits for only $12.95 per month.You can start to be read and begin earning money directly! \n Answer: Upgrading its system regularly.",
            "output": [
                "What is Blogit doing to meet writers' needs according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95f712f011614de6ba0f7f81406a1d72",
            "input": "Article: This is a list of the origins of some slang words or phrases that we all use regularly.These words are common in almost all English speaking nations. Cool     Who hasn't used this word at least once in their life when speaking highly of something? This meaning of the word is  ly new in English,but not as new as you might think.The earliest record found so far is from 1884 in the phrase\"Dat's  cool!\" Kick the Bucket    This means\"to die\".Many people consider the term to have come from a guilty man standing on an upturned bucket which was then kicked out from under his feet leaving him to hang,but there is no written evidence that this is the case.In fact,it is more likely from a different type of bucket entirely.In butchery ,when a pig was killed it would be hung from a pole.It is mostly likely that in his death throes ,the pig's  feet would bang against the rail to which they were tied.Therefore,kicking the bucket was a term referring to the last actions of the pig before he finally died. Bob's  Your Uncle     Bob's your uncle generally means that something is simple or easy or a\"job done\".It is most likely that this phrase came about as a result of nepotism .In the late 1800s, Lord Salisbury(first name Robert)was prime-minister of Great Britain.After his third term he was  _ by his nephew Arthur.Arthur had been made Chief Secretary of Ireland in 1886. Suspicions arose that Robert was favoring his nephew Arthur.The term\"Bob's  your uncle\"could be used at the time as a reference to this charge of nepotism. \n Answer: The origins of some most.commonly used slang words or phrases.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b0fb36ed82074ddaa1c7b8ff8af853c0",
            "input": "Article: What makes us happy? For 15-year-old Ellie Wilson from London, going through the turbulent   period between childhood and adulthood is \"a pain\". However, she also enjoys happy times with friends, even though they have a lot of arguments. \"The thing about me and my friends is that one minute we're up and then the next we're down; one minute I want to shout the house down, the next I feel so happy that I just want to hug everyone in the room at once,\" she said to British paper The Independent. Wilson's generation have all the latest fashions and electronic equipment. But owning them does not necessarily make them happier. New research shows that it is the simple things in life that please us most. Close friends, playing sport and a stable   home life are more important to a teenager's happiness than the wealth of their parents, according to a study published this month by the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of Essex in Britain. Researcher Gundi Knies found families' incomes  didn't necessarily play a part in happiness. But happy children tend to  have their own bedroom, a bike or other leisure equipment. Children who have friends over for tea once a fortnight   and those who go swimming once a month were also happier with their lives than those who do not. A sense of belonging clearly had an influence on how satisfied people were. Children with lots of friends reported higher levels of happiness than those without. Children who live with both their parents were happier than those living in single families and step family relationships. Diet plays an important role too. Children who have fewer than five portions   of fruit and vegetables a day or who eat fast food most days tend to be less happy. The study also finds that girls make up both the happiest and least happy groups of children. \"Older girls are unhappier because they are going through puberty   and their parents become more protective. Girls also become very conscious   of the way they look and the way they are treated,\" Knies told UK newspaper The Observer. \"In general boys don't face the same pressures.\" \n Answer: Because they are more likely to be under pressure.",
            "output": [
                "Why are girls unhappier than boys during puberty?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-29a4b22603f34bee94d533dcb6c07119",
            "input": "Article: I teach geography at UNLV three times per week. Last Monday, at the beginning of class, I cheerfully asked my students how their weekend had been. One young man said that his weekend had not been so good. He had his wisdom teeth removed. The young man then asked me why I always seemed to be so cheerful. \"I choose to be cheerful.\" I said. Then I told them a story. In addition to teaching here at UNLV, I also teach out at the community college in Henderson, 17 miles down the freeway from where I live. One day I drove those 17 miles to Henderson. I exited the freeway and turned onto College Drive. I only had to drive another quarter mile down the road to the college. But just then my car died and wouldn't start again. So I left my car there and marched down the road to the college. As soon as I got there I called AAA  and arranged for a tow truck   to meet me at my car after class. The secretary in the office asked me what had happened. \"This is my lucky day.\" I replied, smiling. \"Your car breaks down and today is your lucky day?\" She was puzzled. \"What do you mean?\" \"My car could have broken down anywhere along the freeway but it didn't.\" I replied, \"Instead, it broke down in the perfect place: off the freeway, within walking distance from here. I'm still able to teach my class, and I've been able to arrange for the tow truck to meet me after class.\" The secretary's eyes opened wide, and then she smiled. I smiled back and headed for class. So ended my story. I scanned the sixty faces in my class at UNLV. Despite the early hour, no one seemed to be asleep. Somehow, my story had touched them. Or maybe _ In fact, it had all started with a student's observation that I was cheerful. An Indian wise man once said, \"Who you are speaks louder to me than anything you can say.\" I suppose it must be so. \n Answer: To encourage his students to be positive.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author tell his students the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57cfa6604c3b4df4962820b7db7c5d1c",
            "input": "Article: World's Best Places to Visit We hope the following places can help you choose where to go on your next vacation. Zurich   From swimming in Lake Zurich in summer to skiing the Alps in winter, Zurich attracts visitors year-round. As a fairytale city, Zurich is set on the banks of both a river and a lake, with the snow-topped Swiss Alps rising in the background. Clean cobblestone streets hug a hilly land and medieval   church tops reach heavenward. Despite its reputation for being the center of old-school international banking and a capital for chocolate, Zurich is also a very modern city that chooses to enjoy life at an unhurried pace. Travelers desiring a real experience should strive to do the same. The City of Angels  The City of Angels, the Entertainment Capital of the World--Los Angeles needs no introduction. But its notoriety   both helps and hurts its reputation. The traffic on the \"101\" will tire you out just as much as an evening at a lively West Hollywood club. And your dislike at the thick smog over the city will ruin your enjoyment of a sunset overlooking Santa Monica Beach. To appreciate Los Angeles, visit the area more than once and get advice from locals. Prague   A prosperous and busy city, Prague now attracts more tourists than ever. But its picturesque downtown veils   both a dark legacy and a resilient   past; in its 1,100 years, Prague has survived numerous overthrows, invasions, fires and floods. It's this reputation for survival and perseverance that has made the Czech capital so fascinating. Today, its storied churches, narrow streets, hilltop castle and statue-lined bridges create the scene of an urban fairy tale. Even the most tired traveler would have trouble resisting this city's charms. Puerto Rico   Pick a vacation experience you're looking for, and Puerto Rico can help. Puerto Rico is an old town with a lot of historic architecture and cobblestone streets. Look no further than Old San Juan and its El Morro fortress.Consider the bioluminescent   bays of Culebra and Vieques. Puerto Rico is a global destination with high-end shopping and exciting nightlife. Yellowstone   More than 3,000 square miles of nature's finest canyons, hot springs and rocky cliffs are an easy sell for outdoors enthusiasts. Geothermic   wonders like the Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful and Yellowstone Lake are not to be missed at this national park. With dramatic peaks and lakes, Yellowstone is an outdoor enthusiast's paradise. Multicolor1ed pools go around hot springs; green forests weave past wide meadows; and hot springs launch streams of steaming water toward the sky. With so much unspoiled natural beauty, there's no doubt that the park is indeed extraordinary. While you go across the park's 3,000-plus square miles of mountains, canyons, and waterfalls, be prepared to share the trails with permanent residents like buffalo, elk and sometimes even grizzlies. \n Answer: Zurich.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following places could be most suitable for the winter sports lovers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9997fdfa63704c02968b237f77c86464",
            "input": "Article: Fair Way The Westborough High School golf team had taken the official photos with the state prize. The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. And then Westborough instructor Greg Rota noticed something wrong on one of the score cards. A 9 had been recorded as A 7. They were not the state prize winner; Woburn High had won. \"No one would have known,\" said Woburn's instructor, Bob Doran. For Rota, it wasn't a difficult decision: \"The prize wasn't ours to take.\" Coin Stars \"College students are lazy, but they also want to help,\" says University of Pennsylvania graduate Dana Hork. So she made it easy, placing cups in rooms where students could leave their spare coins, and handing out cups to first-year students to keep in their homes. Her \" for Change\" effort has collected $40,000 for charities, which were decided upon by students. Never Forgotten A school in Massachusetts received a $9.5 million check from Jacques LeBermuth. But it took officials several days of digging to discover his connection to the school. Records showed the LeBermuth came from Belgium and studied in the school in the 1920s. When his family fell on hard times, he was offered free room and board. LeBermuth became a trader, owned shares of AT&T and lived off the earnings until he died, at age 89. \n Answer: Apologized to Woburn High School.",
            "output": [
                "What did Greg Rota probably do in the end?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-33c998e1c0994c698f445428226a8872",
            "input": "Article: You probably know that frogs hop (  ). But did you know that there's a small frog in the Pacific Northwest that bellyflops ? It's called a tailed frog. Dr.Rick Essner, who has been studying tailed frogs for the past few years, says, \" I've looked at thousands of jumps and have never seen them land on their feet like other frogs.\" Most of the time, tailed frogs land on their stomachs and then bring their back legs in to prepare for another jump. Essner forst noticed these frogs because of the way they swim. Other frogs kick both of their back legs at the same time. But when a tailed frog swims, it pushes first with one leg and then the other. To try to find out why tailed frogs bellyflop, Essner and other scientists collected and filmed different kinds of frogs. They found that all of the frogs start their jumps the same way: they hold out their legs. The change comes in the landing. Tailed frogs can't move their back legs as quickly as other frogs do. Maybe they don't need to. Tailed frogs live around water and quickly jump into the water to escape danger. Early frogs developed around watery areas and could jump quickly into the water to escape danger. Scientists think those frogs blended in with (...) the green plants on the side of the rocky rivers, just like today's tailed frogs. \"Iwould guess that other animals would have problems _ them, \" explains Essner. When other animals find those early frogs, the frogs could jump into the river. They didn't need to continue hopping. Tailed frogs and other kinds of frogs went their own ways about 200 million years ago. Tailed frogs stayed by rivers. Other kinds of frogs moved to places where new hopping skills allowed them to survive. \n Answer: It lands differently from other frogs.",
            "output": [
                "What's special about the detailed frog ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f38d52cfbd74a0c942902d5d0846489",
            "input": "Article: The Big Wedding  Actor:Diane Keaton, Robert De Niro,      The Big Wedding is about a modern family holding a weekend wedding celebration. To make their adult children and friends happy, the long divorced  couple Don and Ellie Griffin are once again forced to play the happy couple because of their son's wedding. With all guests looking on, the Griffins are forced to face their past, present and future. To come out on Oct26, 2012. Teddy Bear  Director: Seth MacFarlane, the creator of Family Guy      He brings his way of humor to the big screen for the first time as writer, director and voice star of Teddy. In the play, he tells the story of John Bennett, a grown man who must deal with the lovely teddy bear who came to life as the result of a childhood wish...and has refused to leave his side ever since. To be  _ d on July13, 2012. The impossible  Actor: Naomi Watts, Ewan McGregor     Maria, Henry and their three sons begin their winter vacation in Thailand.But on the morning of December 26th, as the family relaxes around the pool after their Christmas party the night before, a scaring noise rises up from the center of the earth. As Maria freezes in fear, a huge wall of water runs toward her. Based on a true story, The impossible is the unforgettable experience of a family caught in the worst natural disasters of our time, with tens of thousands of strangers. It is planned to be on on Dec21, 2012. \n Answer: Family Guy.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is based on a true story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bd85572b066544febe4b4ad41297bdaf",
            "input": "Article: Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar saw Jeb and his son, Tom, before they saw it. Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands, making himself look big to the cougar. It worked. The cougar hesitated, ready to attack Jeb, but ready to forget the whole thing, too. Jeb let go of his jacket, grasped Tom and held him across his body, making a cross. Now the cougar's enemy looked even bigger, and it rose up, ready to move away, but unfortunately Tom got scared and struggled free of Jeb. \"Tom, no!\" shouted his father. But Tom broke and ran and that's the last thing you do with a cougar. The second Tom broke free, Jeb threw himself on the cougar, just as it jumped from the rock. They hit each other in mid-air and both fell. The cougar was on Jeb in a flash, forgetting about Tom, which was what Jeb wanted. Cougars are not as big as most people think and a determined man stands a chance, even with just his fists. As the cougar's claws got into his left shoulder, Jeb swung his fist at its eyes and hit hard. The animal howled and put its head back. Jeb followed up with his other fist. Then out of the corner of his eye, Jeb saw Tom. The boy was running back to help his father. \"Knife, Tom\" shouted Jeb. The boy ran to his father's bag, while Jeb stated shouting as well as hitting, to keep the cougar's attention away from Tom. Tom got the knife and ran over to Jeb. The cougar was moving its head in and out, trying to find a way through the wall Jeb was making out of his arms. Tom swung with the knife, into the cougar's back. It howled horribly and ran off into the mountains. The whole fight had taken about thirty seconds. \n Answer: To frighten it away",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b8e00c780ba045be92f5612e60110182",
            "input": "Article: When you have good friends you really feel special and want to share in the spirit of friendship. You try to do pleasing and exciting things for each other. You could go on a friendship holiday, which would be very joyous. There are many places that you can go for a friendship holiday. First, let us look at some of the things that you will enjoy when you go on holiday with your friends. You will get a chance to relax and forget your  _ life. You can relax and forget about dealing with lots of different things every day. Also, such a holiday is an opportunity to have fun with your friends as you explore different places. Moreover, there is no better way to get a true friendship; you have to spend time with people so that you can fully understand each other. I cannot insist enough on the importance of looking for enough time to share, and you can do this through a friendship holiday. You will have to look for a place that you all enjoy and feel comfortable in. Taking a friendship holiday does not have to be expensive. You can look for a good place where you can spend the weekend. The idea is to go away for some time so that you can be alone together. Besides knowing which place to go to, you need to know the activities that you are going to take part in while you are on holiday. If you are using a travel agency, let it guide you to some of the things that you will really like. Go for the activities that you will enjoy. It is pretty exciting how you can enjoy yourself with friends. You won't want to go back home. \n Answer: You can have a good chance to make new friends.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT a benefit   of going on a friendship holiday   according to the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ff9fef96cfe4a70abafdcba346adaea",
            "input": "Article: Europe is home to a variety of cultural treasures. Lonely Planet, the world's largest travel guide publisher, has offered pairs of cities for culturehungry but timepoor travelers. London and Paris It takes you about two hours to travel from London to Paris by Eurostar, a high-speed railway service. The two capital cities have been competing in fashion, art and nightlife for decades-but each secretly looks up to the other. No one can doubt the grand and impressive beauty of Paris' Louvre Museum, but if you want to save money, you cannot skip the British Museum free to visit. Compared with London, Paris has more outdoor attractions such as the beautiful green walkway La Promenade Plantee. In Paris, you'll see diners linger over red wine. While in London, you can try some afternoon tea, eat fish and chips or salted cake. Vienna and Bratislava Austrian capital Vienna and Slovakia city Bratislava are an hour apart by train. But since they are linked by the Danube River, the best way to travel is by ship. A tour of the two cities is the perfect way to experience everything from 17th century's Habsburg dynasty splendor to scifi restaurants. Vienna is famous for Mozart and imperial palaces. You can appreciate the perfect blending of architecture and nature in the grand Schonbrunn Palace, and reward yourself with a cup of Vienna coffee, which has made its way to the world's cultural heritage list. Bratislava is best known for its fine dining-the remarkable UFO restaurant. You can enjoy a meatladen dinner here in an amazing setting. \n Answer: They don't like each other.",
            "output": [
                "What's the relationship between London and Paris according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a871b72a879a4fd996ba91d5eedd75e5",
            "input": "Article: Can you imagine a stranger will read your e-mails without your permission or scan the website you've visited or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phones bills? All of the things may happen to you one day. In fact, it's likely that some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen or even do something that may bring a disaster to you. Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, and that it's important to reveal to friends, family and lovers at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain nowadays. The digital bread crumbs you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to know who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can leak the deepest thought in your mind. Like it or not, increasingly _  The key question is: Does that matter? For many Americans, the answer apparently is \"No\". When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most of them say they are really concerned about losing it. And 60 percent of the respondents say they feel their privacy is \"slipping away, and that bothers me\". But people say one thing and do another. Only a small of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths  to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that track automobile movements. Privacy economist Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will give up personal information such as telephone number, address, or social security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cent-off coupon . But privacy does matter--at least sometimes. It's like health; when you have it, you don't notice it. Only when it's gone do you wish you'd done more to protect it. Without privacy, one will be naked in front of others. \n Answer: There should be fewer quarrels between friends.",
            "output": [
                "What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4a2151876f2f42b78e3ea65af2169bc2",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever had a doctor write you a prescription  for three laps around a local trail ? How about a prescription for sit-ups? These treatments may not be as typical as the drugs that are usually used to treat our problems, but maybe they should be: a new report shows that regular exercise can be just as effective as prescription drugs for patients with depression and anxiety. \"Individuals who exercise report fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression, and lower levels of stress and anger, \" said the paper's co-author, Jasper Smith, director of the Anxiety Research and Treatment Program at Southern Methodist University. \" Exercise may help patients with depression re-establish positive behaviors. For patients with anxiety disorders, exercise reduces their fears of fear and related bodily sensations such as a racing heart and rapid breathing.\" In a separate study, published in Physical Therapy journal, scientists studied 161 women who' d recently given birth to babies, and decided them into two groups. New mothers tend to develop post-partum depression , and the scientists wanted to find out whether exercise could prevent such problems. One group of women was given specialized exercises as part of an eight-week parenting education program, while the other was given only written education. The physical element seemed to do the trick; the researchers report that the number of women identified as \"at risk\" for post-partum depression was reduced by half in the exercising group. Another recent study shows that even when a patient has a chronic illness like cancer or a heart condition, regular exercise can dramatically increase wellbeing by reducing anxiety. Researchers from University of Georgia analyzed 40 clinical trials involving almost 3,000 patients, and found that the patients who reported exercising regularly had a 20% reduction in symptoms of anxiety compared to those who didn't exercise. As a result, they were more likely to follow their recommended treatment plan. Of course, there are still some situations where prescription drugs are necessary, and we recommend you leave it to your doctor to determine when that may be. But in many cases, the best medicine may simply be to get up off the couch and go for a walk. \n Answer: Drug.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the common method to treat depression and anxiety?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cd6931def4884f50a212f535d09859b0",
            "input": "Article: There was a little boy visiting his grandparents on their farm. He was given a  slingshot to play with out in the woods. He practiced in the woods, but he could  never hit the target. Getting a little discouraged, he headed back for dinner. As he was  walking back he saw Grandma's pet duck. Just out of impulse ,he let the slingshot fly, hit the duck in the head and killed it. He was shocked! In a panic, he hid the dead duck in the wood, only to see his sister  watching! Sally had seen it all, but she said nothing. After lunch the next day Grandma said, \"Sally, let's wash the dishes\".  But Sally  said, \"Grandma, Johnny told me he wanted to help in the kitchen. \"Then she whispered to him, \"Remember the duck?\" So Johnny did the dishes.  Every time Grandma asked Sally to do some housework, she will repeat the same story.  After several days of Johnny doing both his work and Sally's, he finally couldn't stand it any longer. He came to Grandma and confessed that he had killed the duck. Grandma gave him a hug and said, \"Sweetheart, I know. You see, I was standing at the window and I saw the whole thing, but because I love you, I forgave you. I was just  wondering how long you would let Sally make a slave of you. \" In our daily life, whatever we do, God is always standing at the window and he sees the whole thing. He's just wondering how long you will let the devil make a slave of you. The great thing about God is that when you ask for forgiveness, he not only forgives you, but also he forgets. \n Answer: She reminded his brother of his slingshot.",
            "output": [
                "What did Sally mean by saying \"Remember the duck\" in Para 3?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f93ed7bac6f443d08eecc15bfe0e75c9",
            "input": "Article: It was the middle of third grade and I was not sure what had got into me. I lied about many things -- I lied that I had eaten all my dinner, when in fact I buried it in the trash can. I lied that I had made my bed, when clearly I had not. My lies were not hurting anyone, but for some reason I felt the need to tell lies on an impulse  that didn't feel like my own. I was labeled a liar. One day my sisters and I were invited to spend the weekend with my aunt. We all loved it. She spoiled us with her time.And she was an amazing artist. She had cool pencils, erasers and other supplies that any young girl would love to get her hands on. Then it happened...someone took one of Aunt Kim's good art erasers and rubbed it across the entire top of the TV. The eraser ruined the shiny finish on the TV's casing. All the three of us were called into the TV room and asked to admit. Nobody did! Aunt Kim told us how disappointed she was. The next thing I knew was that she was on the phone with my parents and they were on their way to picking me up. It had to be me! I was the liar. I argued, but no one listened. And then before dinner there was a knock at the front door! Aunt Kim was standing there. It turned out my younger sister finally felt guilty! She admitted that she was the one who rubbed the eraser on the TV. I was invited back! A lie may take care of the present, but it has no future. No matter how big or small your lies are, once you are labeled a liar, earning trust takes a lot of work and time. \n Answer: She just does that out of a strong desire.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author tell lies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-375354795c7745ceac6365e37d150906",
            "input": "Article: Things are seldom what they seem.Skim milk masquerades   as cream.Anil labor-saving household appliances often do not save labor.This is the surprising conclusion reached by a small army of historians, sociologists, and home economists who have undertaken, in recent years, to study the one form of work that has turned out to be most resistant to inquiry and analysis -?namely, housework.        During the first half of the twentieth century, the average American household was transformed by the introduction of a group of machines that profoundly altered   the daily lives of housewives.The forty years between 1920 and 1960 witnessed what might be called the \"industrial revolution in the home\".Where once there had been a wood or coal burning stove there now was a gas or electric range.The dryer replaced the clothes-line; the vacuum cleaner replaced the broom; the refrigerator replaced the icebox and the root cellar.No one had to chop wood any more.        And yet American housewives in 1960, 1970, 1980 and even 1990 continued to log about the same number of hours at their work as their grandmothers and mothers had in 1910, 1920 and 1930.The earliest time studies of housewives date from the very same period in which time studies of other workers were becoming popular--the first three decades of the twentieth century.The sample sizes of these studies were usually quite small, and they did not always define housework in precisely the same way.but their results were more or less consistent; whether rural or urban, the average American housewife performed fifty to sixty hours of unpaid work in her home every week, and the only variable that significantly altered _ was the number of small children.        A half-century later not much has changed.Survey research has become much more sophisticated, and sample sizes have grown considerably, but the results of the time remain consistent.The average American housewife, now armed with dozens of motors and thousands of electronic chips, still spends fifty to sixty hours a week doing housework The only variable that significantly altered the size of that number was frill-time employment in the labor force: \"working\" housewives cut down the average number of hours that they spend cooking and cleaning, shopping and chauffeuring, to a not insignificant thirty-five, virtually the equivalent of another full-time job. \n Answer: The housework revolution turns out to be nothing.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6c535329523a455ebb136010ad9439ff",
            "input": "Article: Do you know the open-air art gallery in London's Blackall Street? Probably -not. Not many  Londoners know it either, but Henri does and he is willing to show it to you. Henri used to sleep in parks until he met a charity  that helps homeless people get  back on their feet by becoming tour guides. Rather than show traditional London sights, \"Unseen Tours\" t _ Henri has been teaching tourists about the history and architecture of Shoreditch, where he slept on public benches for three years. When he felt separated from the society, contact with the volunteer network \"The Sock Mob\" gave Henri hope. \"Not everyone just looked down on me,\" he said. The tours aren't the only actions trying to help those who have suffered a misfortune to stand tall again. An innovative  college for homeless people in London, the first of its kind in the country, is attracting hundreds of students. The Recovery College, set up by St Mungo's charity, is providing courses designed to improve technical skills and life skills. According to Andy Williams, who helps to organize the college, the most popular courses have proved to be about raising self-confidence and developing self-pride. Steve, now in his 50s, told a reporter how much of a difference it makes to \"have a bit of confidence\". He had difficulty learning to read and had to leave school when he was 12. Because Steve's problem was not recognized at the time, he was \"seen to be unable to read or write\", and suffered with depression and alcohol addiction. He says the status of \"student\" is itself important for people who are used to being treated as outcasts  Some charities aim not only to help the homeless become independent but also to make them popular. The Homeless World Cup started ten years ago. Today the tournament draws teams from 48 countries made up of players-men and women-who are, or have been, living in the streets.  It gives them a chance to become football heroes. \n Answer: By offering them different courses.",
            "output": [
                "How does the Recovery College help the homeless people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f989fe5dee654bc2afbbacf55afefab5",
            "input": "Article: Bethany Meilani Hamilton was born on February 8, 1990 Kauai, Hawaii, where she grew up with two older brothers.  Hamilton's parents were both surfers and they started teaching Bethany how to surf at a young age, and she learned quickly with the support of her brothers. By age 8, Bethany was winning first place in surfing contests for her age group. Hamilton began competing more seriously at the age of nine, winning several more competitions in her age group. On October 31, 2003, while surfing with friends near Tunnels Beach, a 14-foot tiger shark attacked her. Bethany said, \"My arm was hanging in the water, and it just came and bit me. It kind of pulled me back and forth. But I just held onto my board and then the shark let go.\" The shark tore off Bethany's left arm just below her shoulder.  Hamilton's friends rushed her to the hospital. Bethany made it through several surgeries without infection  , and miraculously survived even though she had lost almost 60% of her blood.  The doctor said that her athletic training helped her to survive the attack and blood loss. While she was healing, Bethany thought for a while that she might not surf again. She was concerned that it would be much harder to stand up on the board using only one hand and that her balance would be completely off. But with hard work and determination she returned to surfing. She says, \"It's hard for me to describe the joy I felt after I stood up and rode a wave in for the first time after the attack.  I was greatly thankful and happy inside. The tiny bit of doubt that would sometimes tell me 'you'll never surf again' was gone in one wave !\" As for fear of another shark attack, Bethany says that sometimes her heart pounds when she sees a shadow   under the water. But she believes that faith provides hope and a future for those who feel down and defeated in their lives. Bethany's popularity and hope for the future led her to partner with World Vision to create \"Surfing for Children in Crisis\".  Bethany hopes that her involvement in the campaign will help provide disabled children from around the world with care, support, and hope. \n Answer: Her parents.",
            "output": [
                "Who taught Bethany surfing when she was very young?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4bc9d671d29d44fe8adae1b5a202d22f",
            "input": "Article: When a couple decides to marry, they naturally inform both sets of parents and stepparents before having a party planned or telling all their friends. The days are long gone of the man going trembling to the girl's father and saying, \"Sir, may I have the honor of having the hand of your daughter in marriage?\" However, a wise couple always discusses their plans for marriage with their respective families, and a young man often suggests a \"financial talk\" with his future father-in-law before the latter is faced with the embarrassment of asking for  _ . Even if a young woman has supported herself and lives away from home, her parents have the right to know how her fiance proposes to handle the long-range financing of their family and home. The fiance should state his income, his savings, and his future expectations, without overstating any of them. Engagement parties are given by the parents of the bride-to-be or by a   of the bride acting for her parents, usually just before the newspaper announcement of the engagement. If the bride-to-be and her fiance live in a city other than her parents, it is better for her parents to go to the city than her to go home to them for the engagement party. She and her fiance will, after all, be partied in her parents' hometown during the wedding festivities. However, if the family home is not far away, it is proper for the engaged couple to travel there for the announcement party. The young man's family should be invited, too. If the bride's parents are no longer living, then a   or a close friend can give the party. It is usually a simple cocktail's party, champagne served for toasts to the engaged couple. If the party is very large, the engaged couple and the girl's parents might form a receiving line -- but they do not have to. The bride-to-be usually wears her engagement ring officially for the first time on this occasion. If she has a gift for the groom-to-be, she gives it to him right before or after the engagement party. For Americans, the traditional engagement ring is a diamond solitaire  . However, today anything goes -- a ring with many color1ed stones, a ring with a large semi-precious stone, an heirloom   ring reset in a modern design, or even a stone in the bride's family, simply reset in a Tiffany setting. The wedding ring will be of the same metal as the engagement ring. Some girls prefer no engagement ring but choose a wedding band that is decorated with stones instead. No one has to have an engagement ring. A girl may want her fiance to give her a pearl necklace instead, or a jeweled watch. Jeweled rings can be given as gifts on many occasions during the married lives -- such as wedding anniversaries, the birth of a child, or an important job promotion. \n Answer: The bride-to-be and her fiance will have to wait in line with both of their parents.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-439ca527609646f099720d6f9ec30de5",
            "input": "Article: #Ruffi Ruff! Where's Scruff? Reading level: Baby--reschool Hardcover: 16 pages Language: English Availability: In Stock.Sold by Amazon-com.Gift--wrap available. Book Description: It's bath time for Scruff.But does anyone know where he's hiding? Have the cows seen him? Moo--no! How about the pigs? Oink--no! But not for toddlers.If they look carefully, they'll find Scruffhiding on every pop--up page! #You and Me, Baby Reading level: Baby--Grade 1 Hardcover: 40 pages Language: English Availability: In Stock.Ships from and sold byAmazon.com.Gift--wrap available. Only 4 left in stock--rder soon. #The Giving Tree Reading level: Ages 4~8 Hardcover: 64 pages Language: English Availability: Sold all the year round and choose One--Day Shipping at checkout. Book Description: Once there was a tree...and she loved a little boy.Every day the boy would come to the tree to eat her apples, swing from her branches, or slide down her trunk...and the tree was happy. #Where the Wild Things Are Reading level: Ages 6~10 Hardcover Comic: 62 pages Language: English Availability: In Stock.Ships from and Sold by Amazon-com.Gift--wrap available.Order it at once, and choose One--Day Shipping at checkout. #Goodnight Moon(Board book) Reading level: Baby--Preschool Board book: 30 pages Language: English Availability: In Stock.Ships from and sold by Amazon-com. Book description: Perhaps the perfect children's bedtime book.Goodnight Moon is a short poem of goodnight wishes from a young rabbit.He says goodnight to every object in sight and within earshot, including the \"quiet old lady whispering hush.\" \n Answer: Where the Wild Things Are",
            "output": [
                "If you want a book for an eight-year-old, which one will you choose?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3c2773255b4048e49d22437725bc7a03",
            "input": "Article: Dear Ms.Smith, It is with great interest and enthusiasm that I am applying for the arts education internship  advertised in Sunday's New York Times.This position is exactly what I am looking for and an ideal opportunity for me to use my knowledge,educational background,and experience. My arts education at Pratt Institute has helped me develop a firm foundation in the arts.The courses I have completed at Pratt,along with my study abroad in Paris,has prepared me well for a position in arts education.I have always enjoyed a passion for the arts but my undergraduate  education has taken my interest to a whole new level.I not only enjoy doing art but I find myself even more enthusiastic when I have the opportunity to teach what I have learned. For the past two summers I have worked directly with children at CityArts.These experiences were amazing since my responsibilities included planning and directing major projects that were planned for the summer program that goes on each year for local children interested in the arts.I was given a concept at the beginning of each summer and I had complete control of how the projects were to be completed.The children were the creative force and often were the inspiration for the artwork that was eventually presented to the public. I am very excited about the summer opportunity with the Children's Museum of the Arts since I know that I can definitely make a positive contribution while doing what I love,teaching art to children.I will contact you in one week to discuss my candidacy and see if you have any questions about my education or experience.Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely, Samantha R.Gray \n Answer: To prove her successful educational experiences.",
            "output": [
                "What is Gray's purpose of writing this letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2189ad5df99b4f5b9cbf44b1879ade38",
            "input": "Article: Competition. It's a simple word, yet a very complex word that covers many angles when it comes to how gasoline prices are determined. It seems so easy to explain, but don't let that trick you--it's incredibly difficult to explain and adequately understand. Say you're on a Sunday afternoon drive, and notice a gas station near you charging $3.50. Down the road a few miles, that price could easily be 10 or more cents higher or lower. The question is \"how\" or \"why\" is that? Think of it this way. Are you more likely to get a better deal on a car if there are two similar car dealers next to each other? Perhaps, because the dealers are too close. Say there is a third similar car dealer miles away. Is he going to be at the same level of competition and sell his cars for the same price as the two dealers next to each other? Likely not. He may charge more or less. Maybe people don't know there are two other dealers down the road. Maybe the dealer is almost outside of the city and the land value isn't as high, so his taxes aren't as high. These situations do take place at gas stations. And more factors can impact what a station will charge. Timing can greatly impact what price a station charges as well! Many motorists fail to realize that the price a station pays for gasoline changes daily. If one station gets lucky and buys gas on Monday and the cost goes up Tuesday, the station that bought on Monday doesn't necessarily have to raise prices like the station that bought on Tuesday. Maybe the station that got caught buying for a higher price on Tuesday will pass that higher cost on by raising its gas price. Perhaps the difference is what brand the station is---branded stations usually pay a slightly higher cost for their gasoline. In return for paying a higher cost, those stations are guaranteed first supply in case of emergency situations. Independent stations don't pay as much, but aren't guaranteed supply. While competition sounds easy to understand, there are always a large number of factors that could influence what one station charges. Keep in mind how many variables there are next time you fill up. \n Answer: How Competition Impacts Gas Prices",
            "output": [
                "What could be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-668d8b44dbc443e18dd9a32e6370b978",
            "input": "Article: You may think your bathroom is often full of bacteria  and so you give it a complete cleaning once a week. But how often do you clean out and disinfect  your fridge? Well, probably not often enough, according to a recent study, which found out that the fridge is the second dirtiest place in your house, just behind the bathroom. Fridge temperatures were often set too high, allowing the growth of bacteria, which included E.coil, Enterobacteria, and S. aureus, all of which will give you an easy access to food poisoning. So what can you do to ensure your fridge---and your food in it---is not a health threat? For starters, clean the fridge weekly---wipe it and repeat. Make sure your fridge is at the correct temperature for storing food, between 0 and 5 degrees centigrade. Your freezer should be below-18 degrees centigrade. You can use fridge and freezer thermeters to make sure this is the case. Some modern fridges have zones to store different types of food ,such as meat and vegetables. Make sure you don`t store meat in the vegetable zone, as the temperature there might be higher. Make sure you don not leave the door open too long as the temperature in the fridge will quickly rise, creating a breeding  ground for bacteria. Cover food that has not been finished, and eat it within a couple of days. Keep bottles and jars closed. Keep raw meat away from cooked meat. Both should be well covered to prevent pollution. Store raw meat at the bottom of the fridge to stop juices dripping onto other foods. Finally, use common sense, and throw away old food. \n Answer: -18 oC",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best temperature for storing your food in the fridge?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-64b4b0ec67664646ab151b7d555eb422",
            "input": "Article: China will soon put its first domestically developed electric aircraft into mass production, and designers expect a huge market at home and abroad. \"The RX1E is scheduled to receive its airworthiness(,,)certificate from the Civil Aviation Administration of China before the end of this year, with production expected to start next year,\" Yang Fengtian, an academic at the Chinese Academy of Engineering told China Daily on Thursday. \"This will be the first electric aircraft to be certified by our civil aviation authority. The success of the plane means China has become a technology leader in this filed,\" he added. An electric aircraft runs on electric motors, with electricity coming from fuel cells, solar cells, ultracapacitors, power beaming or batteries. Most of today's electric aircraft are experimental demonstration models. The first manned, electrically powered flight was made in 1973. \"We plan to reach an annual production of 100 such aircraft within three years, and the construction of a manufacturing plant that can make 100 RX1Es each year has begun in Shenyang,\" Yang said, adding that the plane, together with a set of batteries, will sell for nearly 1 million yuan ($163,000). The convenience of use, easy maintenance, low operating costs, high safety levels and eco-friendliness will bring the RX1E many buyers to serve a wide range of purposes, such as police patrols, flight training, entertainment and mapping surveys, he added. Yang said he expects that the Chinese market will need at least 1,000 RX1Es to meet the demand from general aviation businesses. With a maximum takeoff weight of 480 kg and a cruise speed of up to 160 kilometers per hour, the RX1E can fly 90 minutes based on a full charging of its batteries. It is able to carry loads for 230 km and fly at an altitude of nearly 3,000 meters. Yang said, \"In addition to the domestic market, _ .\" \n Answer: Technology",
            "output": [
                "In which section is this article most likely to be found in a newspaper?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fc3a35551e154fe5afad80686668cc65",
            "input": "Article: I am a sophomore   at Princeton University, where I am majoring in chemical engineering. I chose to study at UCD in the spring of 2015 primarily because I have always been interested in Ireland and Irish culture, but also to take advantage of UCD's courses in pharmacology  , a field not offered at my home school. I also chose UCD because of its Introduction to Scientific Research module, which matches visiting students with professors for a term-long research project, and because of the Science office's friendliness and helpfulness. I am convinced that I made the best possible decision! While at UCD I lived on campus, which allowed me to throw myself into everything the university has to offer. I was given the opportunity to work with Geraldine Butler's lab. I loved it so much that I ended up heading to the lab almost every weekday, whenever I wasn't attending my always-interesting classes in pharmacology. After lab, I enjoyed a variety of after-school activities--that was certainly a new experience for me. Living in Dublin provided a great opportunity for seeing the rest of Ireland and Europe. I spent my weekends and spring break traveling to every corner of the island, amazed at all of the history and natural beauty. I was also able to visit the UK, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark and Sweden. After every trip, it was nice to return to friendly Dublin and head out with my roommates to one of our favorite pubs. I would highly recommend studying abroad at UCD. I learned so much from my courses and my research project and had a wonderful time exploring Ireland. I can't wait to come back! \n Answer: There was a chance for him to change his major.",
            "output": [
                "Which is NOT the reason why the author chose UCD ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e21414ce28564c77ab5cc20b83fd4a92",
            "input": "Article: Anna Koumikova was born on June 7th, 1981 in Moscow. Her parents' names are Allah and Sergel. When she was 5 years old, her parents sold their TV to buy her the first tennis bat for Christmas. She played in a club near her place until aged 11. Then she moved to Bradenton, Florida(USA) to train with Nick Bollitierri. At 14, she represented Russia in a Fed Cup match and became the youngest player ever to win a Fed Cup match. Kournikova made her WTA first show at 15 years old at the US Open where she finally lost against player Steffi Graf. But she made it to the double quarter finals that same match. In 1996, Kournikova won the Rookie of the Year award and the next year. She improved very much to even make it to the semi - finals in Wimbledon. She lost to world number one Martina Hingis at the French Open and at Wimbledon. In 1999 she won her professional title at Midland, Miehigon, an international Tennis Federation match. She was 5th favourite in Illinois the same year and won her 2nd career ITF match. She won her first grand slam  title ill 1999 with Martina Hingis in doubles at the Australia Open. Since then, they have played regularly together and have quickly become one of the 'best pairs. Aim in 1999,she made her first career WTA final in key Biscayne against Venus Williams in a tough 3 set match. She alto won her first doubles tile with Monica Seles in Tokyo. At present Kournikova is more successful on the net than at the net. She remains the \"most searched\" and \"most download  \" on the internet, three times more popular than the NO. 2 sports figure, Michael Jordan. She is still very young and she seems to have a great future ahead ! \n Answer: In 1997, Kournikova worked hard to make it to the semi - finals in Wimbledon.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is right?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b5b0fa8e462b4cfebaf169a220b1601f",
            "input": "Article: A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse. The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003. Survey respondents   were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions. The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio   of disability and death for the study period. \"We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,\" wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future. \"Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions  ,\" the authors wrote. Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability. The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes. However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. \"We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,\" the authors concluded. \n Answer: Middle-aged adults.",
            "output": [
                "According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8dffc30a076b482280d8f514b075ca2c",
            "input": "Article: Your youngest son or daughter has just graduated from high school, and soon he or she will trade his or her bedroom in your home for a college residence hall. You're starting to worry about the coming silence in your home and are wondering how you will fill the hours that you previously spent with your son or daughter attending his or her school and sporting events. Take heart -- the empty nest \"is often worse in anticipation   than in day-to-day practice\", says psychologist Bert Hayslip Jr. Hayslip, who has studied retirement adjustment   and other aging problems, such as aging sleeplessness, for many years, points out that, more often than not, children who leave do not completely cut off contact with their parents. He advises parents to think of _ as a series of life events, instead of a sudden change. He also says an empty nest can cause bigger problems to surface \"if a couple hasn't looked after their marriage while raising their children\". According to Hayslip, some couples may find they no longer have anything in common once the children are out of the house. Thinking of an empty nest as the loss of children makes the adjustment more difficult. \"With the empty-nest syndrome  , parents actually need to deal with the loss of the parenting control over children, not with having really lost their children,\" Hayslip says. \"They just have to find a new way to get along with their children.\" \"Relating to their college-age children in this new way will come easily to parents as the months pass. As with many things, the passage of time heals the pain of loss,\" Hayslip says. \n Answer: Children's not accepting parents' care and love.",
            "output": [
                "What does the \"empty nest\" mean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-42d4792381394e21b763ae3267a410ee",
            "input": "Article: Do you know how to prepare for and survive a major earthquake? According to Department of Conservation scientists, it is important to have the right answer to that question. How to Be Prepared Electricity, water, gas and telephones may not be working after an earthquake. The police and fire departments are likely to be tied up. You should be prepared to yourself at least three days,preferably for a week. You'll need food, water and so on. It's also a good idea to decide ahead of time how and where your family will reunite if separated during a quake. You might choose an out-of-the-area friend or relative that family members can call to check on you.   _   If you're indoors, stay there. Get under a desk or table. The kitchen is a particularly dangerous spot. If you're in an office building, stay away from windows and outside walls and do not use the elevator. If you're outside, get into the open. Stay clear of buildings, power lines or anything else that could fall on you. If you're driving, move the car out of traffic and stop. Avoid parking under or on bridges or overpasses. After an Earthquake Check for fire. If you smell gas, shut off the main gas valve . If there's sign of damage to electricial wiring, shut off the power at the control box. If the phone is working, only use it in case of emergency . Avoid driving if possible to keep the streets clear for emergency vehicles. Be careful that things may fall out of cupboards when the door is opened, and also that chimneys can be weakened and fall with just a touch. Listen to the radio for important information and instructions. Remember that aftershocks, sometimes large enough to cause damage in their own right, generally follow large quakes. If you leave home, leave a message telling your friends and family your location. \n Answer: You should stay away from the kitchen.",
            "output": [
                "What should you do when an earthquake happens?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d948e3a3811b4e74bbbdbf108260f930",
            "input": "Article: Linus Pauling,the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes,was born in Portland,Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962,long after he had received his Bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from Orgon State College in 1922. He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it. He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of complex substance. His interest in the \"behavior\" of molecules  led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry,especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts,the amino acids ,which are called the\"building blocks of life\".In 1950,he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule,a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell. During World WarII,Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security,for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However,the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules,he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures. From then on,Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bomb and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts,The NuclearTestBan Treaty,declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones,came into effect on October 10,1963,the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Peace. \n Answer: Physical chemistry.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-61ac4c020d0f47d2a16750d8c247354e",
            "input": "Article: In the book The Best Little Girl in the World, Kessa has a serious eating disorder   called anorexia nervosa. But she is not alone. Many people have this eating disorder. In the beginning of her story, Kessa is a normal 15-year-old. She is good at many things, especially dancing. She has danced for many years and loves it. One day her dance teacher tells her to continue eating right, but maybe lose a few pounds. Once Kessa hears this, she takes things too far. Instead of cutting down on snacks and junk food, she decides not to eat at all. She does not eat breakfast, lunch, or dinner. She begins losing weight and becomes slimmer   and slimmer. But she loses weight to a point where she is unhealthy. As her poor eating habits continue, her parents start getting as much help as possible to cure   their beautiful daughter. But it is just as hard for Kessa's parents to deal with her disorder as it is for her. Everyday she exercises to lose more pounds and plans what and when she will eat. Her parents try everything, but Kessa decides not to have any fat on her body. Kessa's doctor and parents finally take her to the hospital. She is now so thin that she can hardly walk. There, she is given good care. In the rest of the book, Kessa goes through a lot of trouble in order to cure her eating disorder. This book, I think, can help to prevent people from doing this to themselves. It shows the trouble that people go through just to be slimmer, and all the terrible things they must experience to be cured. It is a book I think every teenager should read. \n Answer: She stops eating.",
            "output": [
                "What does Kessa do to lose weight?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-523beded6b344c50b87a8ad096104724",
            "input": "Article: The Olympic flame arrived at Culdrose in Cornwall from Athens on a golden plane called \"The Firefly\" on Friday in four custom-made lanterns.It was carried off the plane by Princess Anne, IOC Member and the president of the British Olympic Association, and then used to light a cauldron to mark the start of the Olympic Torch Relay by football hero David Beckham.\"Eight thousand inspirational torchbearers  are all set to bring the magic of the Games to everyone's doorstep,\" said Nick Clegg, the deputy prime minister, who was at Culdrose to welcome the London 2012 delegation .\"With every step, the excitement will build.Ten weeks from now, the world will watch as the flame arrives at the Olympic Stadium, bringing with it the hopes of a nation.\" A gold-liveried air rescue Sea King helicopter  flew the torch to Land's End early on Saturday, where at 7.08am it was passed to the triple Olympic gold medalist sailor Ben Ainslie, the first of 8,000 torch-bearers, in front of 3,500 people.\"It's amazing,\" he said.\"For me, growing up in this part of the world, in Cornwall, for the Olympic Torch to set off from here around the nation, is a fantastic moment for the UK, for London 2012.Very exciting.\" Ainslie carried the torch 300m before 'kissing' it on to Anastasi Swallow, a junior surf champion who has represented her country four times.\"This is really when the Games begin,\" said Paul Deighton, the London 2012 Organising Committee's chief executive.\"Through these 70 days we'll see some magic in our communities.\" \n Answer: Princess Ann",
            "output": [
                "Who carried the Olmpic flame off the plane?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e032e5dee7684cc3949100f8f05c2892",
            "input": "Article: Krakatau volcano   is in a small island in Indonesia. It had been peaceful for about 200 years before it erupted  in 1883. The first signs of the activity of the volcano appeared in May 1883, when fire and smoke could be seen at the top of the mountain. Great noise could be heard even in Jakarta a hundred miles away. Later the activity grew much greater. The peak  was covered with smoke and fire; the smoke at one time was seventeen miles high in the air. The lava--soft and hot rock--shot up into the air and rolled down the sides of the mountain. The mouth of the volcano was not at the peak of the mountain but on its side, close to the sea. As it grew bigger and bigger with the eruption, the sea water got into it. When the sea water reached the lava inside the volcano, it made the upper part of the lava colder and harder. And this sealed off   the rest of the lava below. As the inside of the lava could not break through the seal, the pressure   built up until the mountain blew up. The eruption of the volcano was followed by several earthquakes which brought about bad result. About 36000 people were killed and many towns and villages near the sea were completely destroyed by the great waves which the earthquake caused. \n Answer: All the above.",
            "output": [
                "What makes volcanoes erupt?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6610ae59c0b5414697cfe25da04e6445",
            "input": "Article: As the new term starts, freshmen around the world are asking the same question: how can I make the best of four years at college? The New York Times received suggestions recently from PhD students and seniors at some of the top universities . Here is their advice. \"Many young people today are raised in a protective cocoon \", wrote Tim Novikoff, a PhD student at Comell. \"College is a time to explore the world beyond and a chance to learn new things about yourself. Take classes in different subjects. Try lots of different clubs and activities.\" Remember also to take some time away from campus, suggested Willie Lin, a student at Washington University. \" _ \" Try to find work assisting a researcher or a professor---this is the advice from Aman Singh Gill, a PhD student at Stony Brook University. And he also said, \"With a window into the world of research, you will find yourself thinking more critically, accepting fewer states at face value and perhaps developing a brave sense of what you can accomplish.\" Many young people can't imagine even a single day without devices such as computers and cell phones. But try to keep yourself off them, cautioned Christine Smallwood, a PhD student at Columbia University. Start by scheduling a few Internet-free hours each day, with your phone turned off. It's the only way you'll be able to read anything serious. \"This will also have the benefit of making you harder to reach, and thus more mysterious and fascinating to new friends and acquaintances ,\" she suggested. \n Answer: Aman Singh Gill",
            "output": [
                "Who thinks it is important to consider something critically?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dbcc45065e1b4742ad6e079be072eb71",
            "input": "Article: Everything that humans hear is in the form of waves. Just as the eye sees light waves in the form of color1s, the ear hears sound waves in the form of noises. The ear and the eye turn these different waves into signals that the brain can make sense of. The ears and brain have an amazing ability to recognize particular sounds. For example, a mother often can tell when her baby is crying even if there are other crying babies in the same room. This is because the sound of her baby's cry has special meaning to her and the brain has recorded its importance. The ability to recognize sounds improves with experiences. As the brain receives information about sounds from day to day, it stores the information in its memory. When the brain hears new sounds, it gives meaning to them based on the information already in the memory. This is why certain words or songs can make a person happy. Often it is not the words or songs themselves that cause this feeling. The sounds are connected to happy memories for that person. Another hearing process controlled by the brain is to decide where a sound is coming from. One ear is usually closer to the source of a sound than the other ear is. Sound waves are stronger when they reach the ear that is closer. They also reach the closer ear first. The brain recognizes these differences and uses them to decide the location of the source of the sound. \n Answer: Because the person feel the song is special",
            "output": [
                "Why does a person feel happy when they hear some songs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-20e4c447d0e34ce5992acaaf9aaa9bbf",
            "input": "Article: Scientists from the University of East Anglia have identified four new man-made gases that are contributing to the damage to the ozone  layer. Two of the gases are accumulating at a rate that is causing concern among researchers.      Worries over the growing ozone hole have seen the production of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases restricted since the mid 1980s. But the precise origin of these new, similar substances remains a mystery.      Lying in the atmosphere, the ozone layer plays a critical role in blocking harmful UV rays, which cause cancers in humans and reproductive problems in animals.       Scientists from the British Antarctic Survey were the first to discover a huge \"hole\" in the ozone over Antarctica in 1985. The evidence quickly pointed to CFC gases, which were invented in the 1920s, and were widely used in refrigeration. Extraordinarily, global action was rapidly agreed to deal with CFCs and the Montreal Protocol to limit these substances came into being in 1987. A total global ban on production came into force in 2010.      Now, the newly discovered four new gases can destroy ozone and are getting into the atmosphere from as yet unidentified sources. Three of the gases are CFCs and one is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC), which can also damage ozone.      The research has shown that four gases were not around in the atmosphere at all until the 1960s, which suggests they are man-made. The scientists discovered the gases by analyzing polar snow pack. Air from this snow is a natural archive of what was in the atmosphere up t0 100 years ago. The researchers also looked at modern air samples, collected at remote Cape Grim in Tasmania.      They estimate that about 74,000 tonnes of these gases have been released into the atmosphere. Two of the gases are accumulating at significant rates. However, they don't know where the new gases are being released from and this should be investigated. Possible sources include chemicals  for insecticide  production and solvents   for cleaning electronic components. The three CFCs are being destroyed very slowly in the atmosphere - so even if emissions  were to stop immediately, they will still be around for many decades to come.      Of the four species identified, CFC-113a seems the most worrying as there is a very small but growing emission source somewhere, maybe from agricultural insecticides. We should find it and take it out of production. \n Answer: The CFCs will have a long impact once they are released.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the newly discovered gases?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0f7ffbd53b5e41369c7fb0d63c7fc3a8",
            "input": "Article: Soon, you' re going to have to move out!\" cried my neighbor upon seeing the largest tomato plant known to mankind, or at least known in my neighborhood. One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for $1. 25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door. Roses require a good deal of care, and if it weren't for the pleasure they give, it wouldn' t be worth the work. As it is, I have a garden full of sweet-smelling roses for most of the year. Bushes must be pruned in early spring, leaving ugly woody branches until the new growth appears a few weeks later. It was the space available in the garden that led me into planting just one little tomato plant. A big mistake. Soil conditions made just perfect for roses turn out to be even more perfect for tomatoes. The daily watering coupled with full sun and regular fertilizing have turned the little plant into a tall bush. The cage I placed around it as the plant grew has long disappeared under the thick leaves. Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold. First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won. I found two full-blown white roses completely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June. But they were weak and the leaves already yellow for lack of light. Here I am faced with a painful small decision: To tear up a wonderful and productive tomato plant that offers up between ten and twenty ripe sweet tomatoes each day or say goodbye to several expensive and treasured roses. Like Scarlett in Gone With the Wind, I' ll think about that tomorrow. \n Answer: A lot of care and the right soil.",
            "output": [
                "What are the requirements for the healthy growth of rose?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c957fefeb5a64f3fac7585eb412f2804",
            "input": "Article: The nuclear leak   at the Fukushima power plant in Japan, which followed the deadly earthquake two weeks ago, has caused an unexpected reaction in China. A sudden panic buying of salt occurred in many areas of our country about a week after the disaster. Salt in these districts was almost bought up overnight. Some sellers wanted to make a fortune by raising the price. The panic buying was caused by two major rumors on the Internet: First, iodized   salt can protect against radiation. Second, there might be a fall in sea-salt production following the nuclear pollution of the ocean. Such fears are not new. The same kind of panic happened with vinegar during the SARS outbreak and garlic in the time of the influenza period.  How can rumors like this spread in such a large country as China? Chen Fang, a reporter with the China Youth Daily said that many Internet users say there is a \"crisis of trust\" in today's China. \"Experts don't have enough credibility and people don't trust all government announcements, either.\" Chen said. However, Chen added that the rumors should not be exaggerated  . Many salt-buyers didn't care; others simply failed to understand what experts and governments were talking about. They just did as their neighbors and friends did. It was a case of the blind following the blind - that was the real reason behind the big increase in the demand for salt.  On March 20, the Ministry of Commerce said: \"The panic buying of salt has stopped and the market is back to normal.\" He also said China has enough salt to satisfy demand. Now everything is back to normal, many want to return the salt they bought. But in the view of the Xinhua Daily Telegraph, \"It is true that these people paid extra money to buy the salt, but they created the crisis in the first place and caused the price to rise.\" The newspaper continued: \"So there is no reason why they should get the money back.\" Perhaps consumers should keep the salt to remind themselves that often rumors are without foundation. \n Answer: Leak causes panic",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d23449e149f845b091987bcb3d6affd7",
            "input": "Article: The day began with clear sunlight and blue skies.It soon turned into years of war, economic breakdown and political division. Ten years after the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11,2001, America has come out of the smoke a very different country.Nearly 3,000 people died on September 11. Suddenly America had to wake up to the fact that not everyone loves the USS              A.Members of al-Qaeda, the militant group that earned out the attacks, were angry about US support for the Israelis against Palestinians in the Middle East, about US troops in Saudi Arabia, and about sanctions   against Iraq. \"September 11 and the years that followed were a shock to our national consciousness,\" said Nicholas Bums, American ambassador to NATO   at the time.The terrorists struck not only the buildings, but also Americans- faith in their power.The fear that America had lost control of events as widespread. In the name of fighting terrorism, the US launched wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.More than 6,000 Americans have died.Tens of thousands of ordinary people in those countries have also lost their lives. But deaths are only part of the story.The world was shocked by photographs of Americans torturing   Iraqis in Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad.David Goldstein, a reporter with The Kansas City Star, questioned American behavior: \"Has torturing so-called terrorists saved American lives or made the values we advocate around the world weaker? ...\" Is that what we've become?\" However, a brief moment of national unity did occur straight after 9/11.\"Americans were coming together in an unusually powerful way ...in the ashes.We live in a bittersweet memory of that collective tragedy and collective possibility,\" said filmmaker Ken Burns. September 11 was that kind of common moment.When it was over, the Harth still turned in its usual way and the stars in the sky shone as before.But the universe had shifted somehow. Though the world felt the consequence of September 11, more is to come.Ten years on, it still might be too soon to tell. \n Answer: More than 6000 Americans have died since the 9/11 attacks.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e8dce1c6a9e48d6962717b1c6901d61",
            "input": "Article: \"Look, my mum's in hospital, dying, she won't survive the night, I'm going to miss the connection to Leeds at Peterborough, I'd be grateful if you'd leave me alone.Okay?\" \"Okay,\" he said, finally getting up.\"Sorry to hear that, son.Hope you make it home in time.\" Then he left. Ten minutes later, he was back.Oh no, I thought, \"here we go again\".This time I really want to rag him down the train. He touched my arm.\"Listen, when we get to Peterborough, shoot straight over to Platform One as quick as you like.The Leeds train'll be there.\" I said, stupidly, \"What do you mean? Is it late, or something?\" \"No, it isn't late,\" he said.\"No, I've just radioed Peterborough.They're going to hold the train up for you.As soon as you get on, it goes.\" \" Everyone will be complaining about how late it is, but let' s not worry about that on this occasion.You'll get home and that's the main thing.Good luck and God bless. Then he was off down the train again. I chased him down the train.I wanted to give him all the things I had, but I knew he would be offended. I caught him up and grabbed his arm.\"Oh, er, I just wanted to...\" I was suddenly speechless.\"I, if erm... \"It's okay,\" he said.\"Not a problem. \" I wish I had some way to thank you,\" I said.\" I appreciate what you've done.\" \"Not a problem,\" he said again.\"If you feel the need to thank me, the next time you see someone in trouble, you help them out.That will pay me back enough.Tell them to pay you back the same way and soon the world will be a better place.\" I was at my mother's side when she died in the early hours of the morning. \n Answer: He disliked the conductor.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the author not in the mood for talking?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-45d5a239440b40e89ac3e6d3c5ed642f",
            "input": "Article: For one tired out from work, autumn is one of the best times to step into the open air to _ and enjoy some great music. And that's what many Beijingers have done this past weekend. Family, friends, laughter; beautiful grass, fresh air and live music echoing   off the forest and the Great Wall that surround this place. A weekend in this music paradise  just seems too short. Besides, a brand new world-class outdoor theater has just been open at this year's festival, which will surely make the festival a better and more permanent experience. A full house is before the new outdoor amphitheater  . Even the thunderstorm couldn't break up the crowd completely absorbed in the music. Thanks to the new theater, this year's Great Wall Forest Festival offers even more superb acoustics and an overall outdoor theatrical experience, even though the project is still half complete. The festival is now in its fourth year. Since its first show in 2010, the festival has seen a steady increase in festival-goers and has expanded its length from two days to four days, divided over two weekends. It has also been experimenting with a variety of styles, from classical to pop, with this year's theme \"Celebrating 20 Years of Chinese Folk Song.\" Folk Song legend Lao Lang explains how folk songs have helped encourage more amateur folks to express themselves through music. \"Before music was reserved for the professionals. But folk songs made young people realize that they can express themselves through music as well. And that's what characterizes folk songs. It's popular music and it always has a story.\" said Lao Lang. Unlike some of the other outdoor festivals, the Great Wall Forest Festival appeals to a wide range of audiences. It's a rare place where teens, parents and families can all enjoy the outdoors and have a great time. Great music and scenery aside, many children's workshops, master music classes, and interactive art activities have also been introduced this year. If music is the reason to come to the festivals, you'll find even more reasons not to leave. \n Answer: The completed project adds to the attraction of this year's Festival.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a75a50cbdfe246658ffb6a1f90d1ebc5",
            "input": "Article: What if handheld   tools know what needs to be done and were even able to guide and help inexperienced users to complete jobs that require skill? Researchers at the University of Bristol have developed and started studying a novel concept in robotics--intelligent handheld robots. Historically, handheld tools have been straight, unintelligent instruments that are _ of the context they operate in, are fully directed by the user, and therefore, lack any understanding about the task they are performing. Dr. Walterio Mayol-Cuevas and PhD student, Austin Gregg-Smith, from the University's Department of Computer Science, have been working in the design of the robot as well as in understanding how best to be with a tool that \"knows and acts\". Compared to other tools such as power tools that have a motor and perhaps some basic sensors  , the handheld robots developed at Bristol are designed to have more degrees of freedom to allow greater independence from the instructions of the user, and importantly, understand the steps being carried out. This allows for a new level of co-operation between user and tool, such as the user providing directions and the tool performing the detailed task. Handheld robots, aim to share physical similarity with users but are neither fully independent as is a humanoid robot nor are part of the user's body. The aim with handheld robots is to develop the intuitiveness   of using traditional handheld tools while adding planted intelligence and action to allow for new abilities. Dr. Mayol-Cuevas, Reader in Robotics Computer Vision and Mobile Systems, said, \"There are three basic levels of autonomy   we are considering: no autonomy, semi-autonomous when the robot advises the user but does not act, and fully autonomous when the robot advises and acts even by correcting or refusing to perform incorrect user actions.\" \n Answer: Improvement in intelligence.",
            "output": [
                "What is the new concept in robotics?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a7b70dafa2734b488a00721fc4088593",
            "input": "Article: Children and teenagers who spend lots of time in front of screens---especially TVs---are   easier to get more weight as they grow, according to a new study. The findings agree with the research suggesting all that inactive sitting and always watching   advertisements may lead to poor eating habits. Researchers used results from a long-term study of children who took part in the surveys every two years. Children were between ages 9 and 16 when the study started. Out of 4,300 girls in the   study, 17 percent were overweight or obese . Twenty-four percent of the 3,500 boys   were also above a healthy weight. The surveys included questions about their height and weight as well as how much time they spent watching TV and DVDs and playing computer and video games. From one survey to the next, each one-hour increase in children's daily TV watching was in connection with an increase of about 0.1 points on a body mass index (BMI) , which measures weight in connection with height. There's an increase of about half a pound in weight per extra hour of TV. \"The weight of the evidence is so strong that television watching is connected with unhealthy changes in weight among youth,\" says Jennifer Falbe, who led the study while at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston. \"It's important for parents to know that all the obesity-causing screens really should be limited in their children's lives.\" Falbe says. \"When children watch TV, there are many food advertisements on TV that might lead them to eat a cookie or drink a soft drink.\" What's more, she says, \"they can get into a hibernating  state on the sofa, even if children are sitting down while playing a computer game.\" \n Answer: Too much screen time leads to obesity.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements can be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95f43295e6814d87baf87ee5097ecf7b",
            "input": "Article: A typical lion tamer in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip( ) at a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it's mostly for show. In reality, it's the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)--only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress? This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving. It doesn't have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become...take immediate action. If you're clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way. \n Answer: To trick the lion.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the lion tamer use a chair?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9f9062f533f24ef6b4a1e357df0615d0",
            "input": "Article: Today, Friday, December 14 JAZZ with the Mike Thomas Jazz Band at The Derby Arms. Upper Richmond Road West, Sheen. DISCO Satin Sounds Disco. Free at The Lord Napier, Mort lake High St., from 8 am. to 8 pm. Tel: 682-158. Saturday, December 15 JAZZ Lysis at The Bull's Head, Barnes. Admission 60p. MUSICAL HALL at The Star and Garter, Lower Richmond Road, Putney, provided by the Aba Daba Music Hall company. Good food and entertainment fair price. Tel: 789-749. FAMILY night out? Join the sing-along at The Black Horse. Sheen Road, Richmond. JAZZ The John Bennett Big Band at The Bull's Head, Barnes. Admission 80p. THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion . Tel: 789-536 Sunday, December 16 DISCO Satin Sounds Disco, free at The Lord Napier, Mort Lake High Street, from 8 am to 8 pm. FOLK MUSIC at The Derby Arms. The Short Stuff and residents the Norman Chop Trio. Non-remembers 70p. Tel: 688-626. HEAVY MUSIC with Tony Simon at The Bull, Upper Richmond Road West, East Sheen. THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road   West, give you Joe on the electric accordion. \n Answer: At the Derby Arms on Sunday.",
            "output": [
                "Where and when can you hear the Norman Chop Trio?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c09c636c3c743419dfdbb1b39116e40",
            "input": "Article: Although Thomas Edison created the technologies behind three major 21st century industries  electrical power,recorded music and movies--his greatest invention may have been the modern method of inventing.He basically came up with the modern system of research and development.Edison was not the only scientist doing research in his garage but someone who gathered around him a team of creative scientific minds.Edison's 1aboratories were the forerunners of Apple,Google and Microsoft. Yet for a11 his scientific gifts,he was no Steve Jobs or Bill Gates.He once said,\"Anything that won' t sell,I don' t want to invent.\" But Edison,unlike Jobs or Gates,had no real sense of what the public wanted or how to change his discoveries into products that might sell.It took him years to understand that the phonograph was not a business tool but an entertainment invention.He helped create movies but resisted the idea that people might want to go into a theater to watch one. We chose Edison this year because we need his example now more than ever.Though we live in a time of great reformation,the U.S.is in danger of losing its advantage in science and technology.American investment in research and development has not increased as a percentage of GDP since the mid1980s,while the government' s share has been dropping.And this is at a time when China is rapidly increasing its money on research and development.The U.S.was once among the 1eading nations.Now it ranks near the bottom of the 23 nations that collect such data.We hope that Edison' s story might not only encourage reformation but also inspire more young Americans to study science and engineering. \n Answer: Edison wanted to invent things that sold well.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e2a13fd23a74a8a9ffd32ebf87f6a9b",
            "input": "Article: \"Oh,you must have been a spoiled   kid.You must be really bossy.I wonder what you're going to be like to deal with?\" That's often the response Angela Hult gets when people find out she's an only child,she told ABC News.Despite such negative   remarks,Hult has decided to have only one child herself.And she's not alone. According to the US' Office for National Statistics,women approaching the end of their childbearing years had an average of 1.9 children in 2004,compared with 3.1 for their counterparts in 1976.The percentage of onechild families in Britain had risen from 18 percent in 1972 to 26 percent in 2007. But even though only children are becoming increasingly common,the traditional view that they're selfish,spoiled and lack social skills holds strong.Even parents of only children,like Hult,are made to feel guilty about having only one child.Worried that they're being selfish and endangering their child's future,they flock to online discussion forums seeking advice.Soon,however,they ask themselves:is this social prejudice really reasonable? \"There have been hundreds and hundreds of research studies that show that only children are no different from their peers  ,\" Susan Newman,a social psychologist at Rutgers University in the US,told ABC News. This raises another question:why are only children still viewed with such suspicion? \"There is a belief that's been around probably since humans first existed that to have just one child is somehow dangerous,both for you and for the continuation of your race,\" Toni Falbo,a professor of educational psychology,told the Guardian.\"In the past a lot of children died.You'd have had to be crazy to only have one.\" Times,of course,have changed and infant mortality   has largely reduced.So what do only children themselves say? Kayley Kravitz,a blogger for The Huffington Post,grew up as an only child and highly recommends the experience.\"Being an only child taught me the most valuable skill of all:the ability to be alone,\" she said. \n Answer: Are only children different?",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following could be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c48bad6d1c442ecaa72abb2bf754e18",
            "input": "Article: Former National Football League player and children's author Tim Green has added another book to his list of accomplishments: Unstoppable. The book tells the story of a 12-year -old boy named Harrison, who survives life in a cruel foster home before he finally finds a loving family. Once he settles in and realizes his natural football ability, tragedy strikes again and he loses his leg to a deadly bone cancer. Unstoppable follows Harrison's incredible journey as he faces many challenges in his life. Tim Green says he decided to write a novel about a kid facing cancer after watching how his wife fought to survive her own illness. \"Her mental and physical toughness were more heroic to me than anything I'd ever seen in the national sports leagues,\" Green told TFK Kid Reporter Zachary J. Lewis. After watching his wife's battle, Green said, he knew he needed to write about a person who struggled through a serious illness. But because the target age for his books is teen, he needed to tell the story through the eyes of someone that age. When friends introduced Green to Jeffrey Keith, Green knew he had found the right person to help him\" capture the heroism that it takes to fight cancer\". Cancer-survivor Jeffrey Keith lost his leg to disease at age twelve, but went on to be the goalie  for the Boston College Division 1 Lacrosse Team and was also the first _ to run 3,300 miles across the country. When Green heard Jeffrey Keith's story, he knew it was the perfect narrative on which to base his next book. TFK asked Keith what it felt like to read Unstoppable for the first time. \"Tim captured what it felt like for me to go through this experience and battle back,\" Keith said. \"After I read the book, Tim asked me to describe it in one word, and I said 'awesome'. Tim's work sends a message to all the kids across the country that are facing obstacles that can have nothing to do with cancer: you are all unstoppable, as long as you believe it.\" \n Answer: His wife.",
            "output": [
                "Who inspires Tim Green to write the novel Unstoppable?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-786da867958b426dad0e2fa90a8f4310",
            "input": "Article: Eating foods high in trans-fats(fats present in artificial form in industrially-produced cakes and fast food...) and saturated   fats increases the risk of depression, according to a Spanish study, confirming previous studies that linked \"junk food\" with the disease. Researchers also showed that some products, such as olive oil, can fight against the risk of mental illness. Authors of the wide-reaching study, from the universities of Navarra and Las Palmas, followed and analyzed the diet and lifestyle of over l2,000 volunteers over six years. When the study began, none of the participants had been diagnosed with depression; by the end, 657 of them were new sufferers. \"Participants with an increased consumption of trans-fats presented up to a 48 percent increase in the risk of depression when they were compared to participants who did not consume these fats,\" the head study author said. \"The more trans-fats were consumed, the greater harmful effect they produced in the volunteers.\" The research team found, at the same time, that after assessing the effect of polyunsaturated fats made up of larger amounts of fish and vegetable oils and olive oil, these products are associated with a lower risk of suffering depression. The report, published in the online journal PLOS ONE, noted the research was performed on a European population that enjoys a relatively low intake of trans-fats--making up only 0.4 percent of the total energy taken in by the volunteers. \"Despite this, we observed an increase in the risk of suffering depression of nearly 50 percent,\" said researcher Miguel Martinez. \"On this basis we think it of great importance to take this effect into account in countries like the United States, where the percentage of energy _ from these fats is around 2.5 percent.\" The report pointed out that the current number of depression sufferers in the world is around l50 million people, and has increased in recent years. This rise is attributable, according to the authors, \"to great changes in the sources of fats consumed in Western diets, where we have replaced certain types of beneficial fats in nuts, vegetable oils and fish with the saturated and trans-fats found in meats, butter and other products such as mass-produced cakes and fast food.\" \n Answer: Junk Food and Depression",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1af79c1970294351bbf5fdbfa8e7d207",
            "input": "Article: Going whitewater rafting in North Carolina (N.C.), you are cutting bonds to the every-day troubles and for a short time you are back in the natural world with your co-travelers. Rafting in N.C. has the added benefit of a long, warm rafting season, beautiful scenery, and amazing history. Only twenty minutes from Asheville, N.C., whitewater rafting on French Broad River in N.C. still has the flavor wilderness and adventure. Half Day Trip: This N.C. whitewater rafting trip begins at Barnard and finishes at Stackhouse. Typical time on the river is 1.5 to 2 hours. A couple of factors that affect the time on the river are the size of the trip and the level of the river. A small trip at high water will move faster downstream than a larger trip at lower levels. $44.00 per person. Half Day with Lunch: This rafting trip travels the same section of the French Broad River as above. The lunch is served riverside. The time frame for this trip is the same as the half day trip. Add about an hour for lunch and a more leisurely pace. $51.00 per person. Full Day Trip: This rafting starts at Barnard and finishes 8 miles downstream in Hot Springs. This is one of the best whitewater rafting trips in N.C. and gives you a chance to spend a big part of your day on the French Broad River. There is a stop for lunch, served riverside. Time on the river for the full day trip can range from 3-5 hours depending on the size of the trip and the river level. Please be aware that summer-time river levels may make it necessary to alter this trip and make it a half-day with lunch trip. Surely you will be refunded the price difference. $62.00 per person. Float Trip: Rafting in N.C. does not necessarily mean only whitewater rafting. Some of North Carolina's best rafting is just the classic, lazy float trip. This trip floats through a beautiful section of the French Broad River valley. There are plenty of places to swim. It's good for those who are too young or too old. $44.00 per person. Trip Times: Typical morning trip time is 9:00 and afternoon 2:00. There's usually an hour of getting ready and transportation before putting on the river, and an hour of transportation, changing clothes, photo show, etc after taking off the river. \n Answer: $33.00",
            "output": [
                "If a family of 3 reserves a full day trip and they have to change it to a half-day with lunch trip, how much will they get back?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-48085939a21643019044cfafed2fdbd0",
            "input": "Article: We all, at one time or another, have pretended to be a rock star, singing and dancing along to our favorite song. Most of us have done this in the privacy of our own room when we were kids and as adults, in the privacy of our homes. Me? I love to do that when I drive! I turn on the radio, find a song that I can sing along too and pretty soon my arms are in the air and I am moving along to the rhythm. Most of the time, I do this on my way to work. Yes, that is true, I will be in my nice work clothes, jamming while driving or stopped at a traffic light I get weird looks from some people and others laugh. Personally, I love to get lost in the rhythm of a song which leads me to share with you the importance of being silly! The definition for the word silly, according to the dictionary is: stupid, foolish and nonsensical. I know many people do not want to look foolish. So they walk around all serious, which in all honesty, is foolish! No one is perfect, I repeat: no one is perfect. I don't care how educated, how thin, how beautiful, how simple, how frugal  , how rich, and so on...No one is perfect! So why pretend to be something you are not? Life is so short. You never know when this beautiful journey will be over, so why waste a single second on being so full of rigidity ? Here is a quote by Souza, that I think says it all and is a great recipe for life: \"Dance as though no one is watching you, Love as though you have never been hurt before, Sing as though no one can hear you, Live as though heaven is on earth.\" When we were kids, we had no idea of what limitations were and we had no care in the world so we could do things without worrying about how we appeared to others. However, as we grew up, we lost that childlike innocence. So don't lose the child that still lives within you. The next time you feel down, go turn on your favorite song, and sing and dance along like there is no tomorrow or watch something that makes you laugh. Laughter is the best medicine to whatever ails (......) you and nothing is better than laughing so hard that your stomach hurts. Trust me, you will feel a whole lot better, and who doesn't want to feel good? \n Answer: He sings songs on his way to work.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, what does the writer usually do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2aeba9d5758c4ec3a197d5df08ce267f",
            "input": "Article: Imagine a picnic dinner held at a location only made known hours before the meal, where guests are invited to decorate tables and chairs, bring their favorite dishes and wear white to reflect the simplicity of the event. This was the scene at a PopUp dinner held on June 13 in Brooklyn, New York's Prospect Park. PopUp dinners are popping up nationwide -- not just in Brooklyn. Garrett Sathre and his wife and business partner, Nicole Benjamin-Sathre are the team behind Hand Made Events and the creators and hosts of PopUp dinners. Sathre, a former restaurateur and head chef with Bubba's Diner and Kitchen 39, both located in the Bay Area, came up with the concept of the flash dinner after he was inspired by the annual Diner en Blanc held in Paris. In 2011, Hand Made Events used the power of social media to get the word out and soon, enough interest was attracted. In October 2011, it held its first flash dinner, calling the evening Le Diner a San Francisco at Golden Gate Park's outdoor Music Pavilion. He described it as a picnic dinner for 3,500 people.\"I thought we would have anywhere between 300-500 people to attend. Two articles ran a week later about my crazy idea and we got 15,000 emails within three days,\"Sathre said. After the success of the San Francisco dinner, Sathre decided to expand his\"crazy idea\"and hold dinners across the country in major markets such as Brooklyn, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Sathre says their Brooklyn PopUp on June 13 sold 5,000 tickets in just four days with 5,000 on the waiting list raising over $160,000 in ticket sales. Those are some big numbers. Hand Made Events partners with the Prospect Park Alliance and gives all of their proceeds to the non-profit group. In total, the Brooklyn PopUp dinner raised over $60,000 for the Prospect Park Alliance. Hand Made Events sees the same interest in their smaller city locations.\"We have seen a 30 percent increase in our smaller markets -- Minneapolis, San Diego, Charleston, and Miami every year,\"Sathre said. Hand Made Events has eight more dinners planned nationwide this year, and six already scheduled for next year. The popularity is not just here in the states. Sathre says he sees photos of other groups holding similar events everywhere through social media. Just last year, Hand Made Events helped a woman in Kenya plan her own flash dinner via Skype.\"This event crosses and appeals to all cultures. There are not many events, if any, that bring all people together like the PopUp,\"he said. \n Answer: Popular and simple.",
            "output": [
                "Which words can best describe the event held in Brooklyn?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9bebab1f5f4a4c8cbe71168240100de8",
            "input": "Article: The best way to experience the Web,email,photos,video and other features. All of the builtin  programs on iPad were designed from the ground up to take advantage of the large multitouch screen and advanced capabilities of iPad. And they work in any orientation. So you can do things with these programs that you can't do on any other device. Safari iPad is the best way to experience the Web. View whole pages in portrait or landscape on the large multitouch screen. And let your fingers do the surfing. All iPad models come with builtin WiFi,and safari can make iPad connected to the Web via highspeed WiFi. And when you're away from a WiFi network,you should choose iPad with WiFi+3G,which will make you surf the Internet anywhere,and sign up for access to 3G data service. Email There's nothing like the mail program on iPad. With a splitscreen view,and expensive onscreen keyboard, it lets you see and touch your email in ways you never could before. Photos A vivid LEDbacklit IPS display  makes viewing photos on iPad extraordinary. Open albums with a tap. Flip through your pictures one by one. Or play a slideshow and share your photos. Multitasking You can do just about anything on your iPad. With multitasking,you can do even more. Be more productive as your work,have more fun as you play,or do a little of both. Find My iPad You keep all sorts of valuable data on your iPad. If you happen to misplace it,find My iPad helps you locate it on a map,remotely set a postcode lock,display a message,and more. A magical and revolutionary product at an unbelievable price. Starting at $499,get your own iPad at the nearest Apple retail store,at as reseller(with 0.05% product tax),at the Apple online store or in a shopping centre. \n Answer: It is a hardware fixed on iPad.",
            "output": [
                "what is safari?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d63e05906d9849388321670248b4a649",
            "input": "Article: The girl looking for the job turned out to be excellent but she ended up giving her employer a headache when it also turned out that she used an unreal diploma . In December, a Civil Administration Bureau in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, announced that it needed five new staff members. Some 120 people applied and took the exam. Applicants were required to show proof of a college degree at least. Mei Jing beat everyone in the test and the interview. When a follow-up check was done, however, her education certificate  was discovered to be an unreal one. This was a bit of an embarrassment for the employers. A _ one might say. If she were hired because of her excellent performance, she still wouldn't have the qualifications on paper. But, if she were dropped because she didn't meet the education requirements, they would lose a good worker. Tough problem! While Mei's future hangs in the balance, the public having learned of the case got involved. Some people said the Bureau should employ her, since results are the only important thing. \"After all, ability is more important than a diploma, \"said one office worker. Others, however, have attacked Mei's dishonesty. They said that morality was, after all, more important than talent, especially in the case of a government position. Mei wasn't honest, so she shouldn't be hired. But, Shen Ronghua, the head of the Shanghai Public Administration and Human Resources Institute, tries to be a bit more philosophical. \"There is still a sort of  'diploma means this'  prejudice among people,\" Shen explains, \"Many employers regard a diploma as the only sign of ability and talent.\" So, with this in mind, people may pay little attention to whether someone has real ability or not. They turn to chasing a diploma instead. The unreal diploma is the natural product of this thought. The conclusion? \"China needs a new human resource system. The new system will not define a person only by his or her diploma, \" Shen says. \n Answer: Another Human Resource Institute employed the girl.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from this news report?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2be96c9b44d24115bea56594a09327b4",
            "input": "Article: Dear Coach, I have been out of work for almost six months now and things are starting to get very tough for me. I am practically living out of my savings. I have been looking for a job,but things are really bad and 1 cannot find a single person who wants to hire me. I know that the main problem is that I do not have a degree. I want to go back to school and get my degree,but I also need a job now. I owe money to some people who have been helping me. Because I am out of work,I cannot pay them back. What do you think 1 should do? I need to find a job as quickly as possible, and want to know what else to do to get people to give me a chance to work for them. The Unemployed. Dear Unemployed, Before you get              yourself in a really bad situation, you need to stop borrowing money from people. If you continue doing that,you will be deep in debts and the situation will get even worse for you. The next thing you need to do is look for a job depending on your abilities, skills, and experience. By doing that, you will be increasing your chances of finding a job              that              suits              you best. And the last thing I will suggest is that you should stop feeling sorry for yourself and continue working hard to get a job that you need. Borrowing money, complaining, and feeling bad for your situation will              do no good to you.              Stay strong and get              out there and              start showing the world what you can offer. I promise if you work hard and never give up,you will soon find the job that you are looking for. And while you are doing it,thing about getting your degree as well because it will help you to become more challenging. Try those tips. The Coach \n Answer: To ask for some advice.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the unemployed write to the coach?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b23b2ad986f047598b4d2ea7fd5720a6",
            "input": "Article: They like using the Internet. They have lots of pocket money to spend. And they spend a higher proportion of it online than the rest of us. Teenagers are just the sort of people an online seller is interested in, and the things they want to buy-games, CDs and clothing-are easily sold on the Web. But paying online is a tricky business for consumers who are too young to own credit cards. Most have to use a parent's card. They want a facility that allows them to spend money. That may come sooner than they think: new ways to take pocket money into cyber   space are coming out rapidly on both sides of the Atlantic. If successful, these products can stimulate online sales. In general, teenagers spend huge amounts: $153bn (billion) in the US last year and PS20bn annually in the UK. Most teenagers have access to the Internet at home or at school-88 percent in the US, 69 percent in the UK. According to the Jupiter Research, one in eight of those with Internet access has bought something online-mainly CDs and books. In most cases, parents pay for these purchases with credit cards, an arrangement that is often unsatisfactory for them and their children. Pressing parents to spend online is less productive than pressing on the high street. They are more likely to ask \"Why?\" if you ask to spend some money online. One way to help teenagers change notes and coins into cybercash is through prepaid cards such as InternetCash in the US and Smart cards in the UK. Similar to those for pay-as-you-go mobile telephones, they are sold in amounts such asPS20 or $50 with a concealed 14-digit number that can be used to load the cash into an online account. \n Answer: More than half of the teenagers in the US and the UK have Internet access.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-09658d5c4950499bb4a340b920ca58b3",
            "input": "Article: Sometimes you need to make phone calls to get a job. Calling is the first step where you can show your ability to an employer. Here are some tried and true tips: Get the person responsible You need to talk directly to the person who would supervise you. In a small business, you might ask to speak to the \"person in charge\". In a larger one, you would ask for the name of the person in charge of the particular department you're interested in. Get the name of the person If you don't have the name of the person you need to speak to, ask for it. Usually, you will be given the supervisor's name and your call will be transferred to him or her. Get past the receptionist In some cases, receptionists and secretaries will try to screen out your call. If they find out that you're looking for a job, they may transfer you to the Personnel Department or ask you to send an application or resume. Here are some ways to keep from getting screened out: * Call back Call back a day later and say you are getting ready to send some correspondence   to the person who manages such and such. You want to use the correct name and title and request that they give you this information. And this approach usually gets you what you need. Say \"thank you\" and call back in a day or so. Then ask for the supervisor or manager by name. * Call when the secretary is out You are likely to get right through if you call when the receptionist is out to lunch. Other good times are just before and after normal work hours. Less experienced staff members are likely to answer the phone and put you right through. Ask three times for an interview Sometimes, the supervisor you contact just simply rejects you. Then, you can try asking three times for an interview! Although this approach does not always work, asking the third time works more often than most people would believe. Arrange a time If the person agrees to an interview, arrange a specific date and time. \n Answer: A less experienced staff member.",
            "output": [
                "In the writer's opinion, who should you talk to if you want to get a job by making phone calls?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d31b93b1c90142caa0f9a3c1a14f2a7d",
            "input": "Article: Volunteer Day schedule: 7:30 a.m.: Meet at the Community Center for breakfast. 8-8:30 a.m.: Visit with people from the many participating organizations. Choose which activity you'd like to help with for the day. 8:30-9 a.m.: Board the bus for your chosen activity, and ride with other volunteers to your activity site. 9-12:00 a.m.: Work as a volunteer. 12:00 a.m.-1 p.m.: Share lunch with your volunteer group. Don't forget to bring food for lunch from home! 1-3:30 p.m.: Continue your volunteer work. 3:30 p.m.: Board the bus that will take you back to the Community Center, where you will be able to talk with other volunteers and share your experiences. See below for a list of volunteer opportunities for Volunteer Day so you can begin thinking about which activity you might want to join. Happy Homes: it provides home repairs for needy people in the form of painting. It also provides painters to create beautiful paintings inside schools of community centers. Elder Care: Elder Care sends volunteers into nursing homes to spend time with them, play board games with them, and talk with them. City Parks Association: you can help plant flowers and bushes in city parks or pick up trash around the river banks. These activities are very active, so remember to be prepared with plenty of drinking water! Love and Learning: it provides volunteers to help children with learning disabilities. Read books out loud to groups of children aged four to six, or read one-on-one with struggling readers aged seven to eight. \n Answer: 5.5 hours",
            "output": [
                "According to the schedule, how long will a volunteer work a day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-947120089c5343b591a6cff23ce7df2e",
            "input": "Article: All that hard work, all that hardship, all the time spent underground, it was all for the families. It was all for you. For a car in the driveway, a roof overhead. For a chance to give their kids opportunities that they would never know, and enjoy retirement with their loves and lovers. It was all in the hopes of something better. And so these miners lived - as they died - dreaming of the American Dream. There, in the mines, for their families, they became a family themselves -- sharing birthdays, relaxing together, watching Mountaineers football or basketball together, spending days off together, hunting or fishing. They may not have always loved what they did, said a sister, but they loved doing it together. They loved doing it as a family. They loved doing it as a community. That community was showed for all to see in the minutes, and hours, and days after the tragedy. Rescuers, risking their own safety, searching for narrow tunnels filled with methane  and carbon monoxide , hoping against hope they might find a survivor. Friends keeping porch lights on in a nightly vigil ; hanging up homemade signs that read, \"Pray for our miners, and their families.\" Neighbors consoling each other, and supporting each other and leaning on one another. I've seen it, the strength of that community. In the days that followed the disaster, emails and letters poured into the White House. Postmarked from different places across the country, they often began the same way: \"I am proud to be from a family of miners.\" \"I am the son of a coal miner.\" \"I am proud to be a coal miner's daughter.\" (Applause.) They were always proud, and they asked me to keep our miners in my thoughts, in my prayers. Never forget, they say, miners keep America's lights on. (Applause.) And then in these letters, they make a simple plea: Don't let this happen again. (Applause.) Don't let this happen again. How can we fail them? How can a nation that relies on its miners not do everything in its power to protect them? How can we let anyone in this country put their lives at risk by simply showing up to work; by simply pursuing the American Dream? We cannot bring back the 29 men we lost. They are with the Lord now. Our task, here on Earth, is to save lives from being lost in another such tragedy; to do what must do, individually and collectively, to assure safe conditions underground -- (applause) -- to treat our miners like they treat each other -- like a family. (Applause.) Because we are all family and we are all Americans. (Applause.) And we have to lean on one another, and look out for one another, and love one another, and pray for one another. God bless our miners. (Applause.) God bless their families. God bless West Virginia. (Applause.) And God bless the United States of America. (Applause.) \n Answer: In West Virginia.",
            "output": [
                "Where did the tragedy probably happen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-591dd676da2147bda22a153bcc0fbfb8",
            "input": "Article: Hunters and bears are often put in fairy tales and often provide a lot for us to think about life and human nature. Two hunters, Ali and Hagan, went hunting for bears. For four days they saw nothing. Each night they slept in a nearby village, pledging  to make part of the bear's skin against the cost of their lodging  . On the fifth day a huge bear appeared, and Ali said nervously to his friend, \"I don't mind admitting that I'm afraid to take this bear.\" Hagan laughed, \"Just leave it to me, little coward.\" So Ali  _ like lightning up the nearest tree at once, and Hagan stood with his gun at the ready. The huge creature came, moving on in a slow and awkward way, and Hagan began to grow more and more scared. At last he raised his gun to his shoulder, but by now he was trembling so much that, before he could take proper aim, his gun went off and missed the target . Hagan, remembering that bears never touch a dead body, threw himself flat on the ground and held his breath. The bear came up, sniffed all around him and moved off in the end. Ali, who had been watching the whole thing from the tree, now came down and, congratulating Hagan on his escape, asked him, \"What did the bear whisper in your ear just now?\" \"Don't sell the bear's skin before you have caught the bear,\" Hagan announced. \n Answer: They hunted four days but failed to meet a bear.",
            "output": [
                "What did Ali and Hagan do before they came across the huge bear?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73d889a4f11f4440ade64c2e959b9da3",
            "input": "Article: The kids in this village wear dirty, ragged clothes. They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud. They have no school. Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words. The key to their success: 20 tablet computers  dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a U.S. group called One Laptop Per Child. The goal is to find out whether kids using today's new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say they're already amazed. \"What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten,\" said Matt Keller, who runs the Ethiopia program. The fastest learner--and the first to turn on one of the tablets--is 8-year-old Kelbesa Negusse. The device's camera was disabled to save memory, yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia. With his tablet, Kelbasa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows. Then he spelled words on his own. \"Seven months ago he didn't know any English. That's unbelievable,\" said Keller. The project aims to get kids to a stage called \"deep reading,\" where they can read to learn. It won't be in Amharic, Ethiopia's first language, but in English, which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs. \n Answer: It contributes to their self-study.",
            "output": [
                "How does the Ethiopia program benefit the kids in the village?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-558de2c42ef54f39931ce2dd3afcdf0f",
            "input": "Article: The National Geographic Channel has unearthed a time capsule    buried by late Apple chairman and co-founder Steve Jobs thirty years ago. The time capsule was buried in Aspen .Colorado .in 1983, shortly after Jobs attended the International Design Conference being held in that city. Organizers called the device the Aspen Time Tube and contributed items like Rubik's cubes  and some iconic music. Jobs added his own items to the capsule ,including the \" Lisa\"  ( also known as an \"Apple\" )\"mouse he used for his presentation at the conference. ' Younger readers may not recognize the name but the Lisa Apple mouse was one of the first commercial mice released to consumers. The mouse was specially designed for the Apple  Lisa computer. It's also the first personal computer to offer users a graphical user interface  Initially ,the plan was to dig up the time capsule in the year2000,but organizers forgot its exact location. Recently .they brought in researchers working with the National Geographic Channel show Diggers to find the device. Eventually they came across the 13-foot-long.1. 5-foot-diameter tube. inside they found a lot of 1980s artifacts that are still being catalogued. \"When the end came off .literally things just poured out .\"noted Diggers host Tim Saylor \"There must be literally thousands of things in there.\" \"They had the foresight to put a bunch of stuff in  plastic bags.\" Saylor said .\"I could see at least a dozen plastic bags and other items. But I know for sure there got to be photographs in there. People had hand-written things on the back of the photographs ,so there will be some really interesting things inside.\" Among the artifacts researchers expect to discover inside :a Steve Jobs speech in which the Apple visionary outlines his predictions  for future technologies. We should know more about the researchers ,discoveries once the Diggers program airs this fall. \n Answer: The mouse was created only for the Apple Lisa computer",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about the Lisa mouse?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d864b731420e4c2d82a54c54d6765ed3",
            "input": "Article: For hundreds of millions of years, turtles   have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings   down to the water's edge lest (for fear that) they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, you'd think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct (die out). But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from \"threatened\" to \"endangered\"-- meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help. Which raises the obvious question: what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years spend in the ocean. \"The threat is from commercial fishing,\" says Griffin. Trawlers (which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor) and longline fishers (which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles) take a heavy toll on turtles. Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs   will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection. \n Answer: The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mean by \"Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness\" (Line 1, Para. 2)?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e56406a804b9497fbd6dfd27040f70ab",
            "input": "Article: Smoking is the single worst thing you can do for your health. Fortunately, it's never too late to get the benefits of quitting. If you've tried to quit before and failed, it's time to make up your mind and try again. Smoking is responsible for one of every five deaths. That includes 29% of all cancer deaths, 87% of all lung cancer deaths, and nearly 20% of all deaths from cardiovascular disease. But long before smoking kills you, it ages you. You can see for yourself that smoking accelerates the drying and wrinkling of the skin. But there are less obvious effects as well. Indeed, smoking takes years away from your life. Nearly half of all chronic smokers die an average of 20 to 25 years before their time. Besides an early death from cancer or heart disease, smoking can cause lung disorders. People who smoke over a pack a day have almost three times the risk of contracting pneumonia  than that of nonsmokers. By lowering levels of estrogen in men and women, smoking speeds bone less. If a woman smokes a pack of cigarettes every day, she will enter menopause with 5 to 10% less bone mass than a nonsmoker. The good news is that no matter what your age is or how long you've smoked, you'll live longer if you quit today. The Coronary Artery Surgery Study examined nearly 2,000 long-term smokers over age 54. Those who quit had significantly lower death rates six years later than those who didn't. Even the oldest ex-smokers had a higher survival rate. Not only will live longer if you quit, you'll feel better, breathe easier, and find that you have more energy. You'll have fewer respiratory infections,headaches, and stomachaches. What's more, you'll save money. Your clothes and breath won't smell unpleasant any longer. And your habit won't annoy--or threaten the health of --the people who live and work with you. \n Answer: The relationships between smoking and diseases.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fecf62baef464a4fbeec08d77a68faf8",
            "input": "Article: In ninth grade, I thought Jennifer Fever, the dark-haired girl who sat behind me in classroom, was an alien . Our class organized an activity to raise money for the library, and in one month, Jennifer read 34 books. I couldn't believe it. Surely, she was from some faraway planet where creature lived and they didn't own television sets. How could a human being, a 13-year-old girl, read 34 books in one month? I had read three books. And by \"read\", I mean skimmed. I mean opened and placed them on my lap while watching cartoons. Who had time to read? In addition to my favorite cartoons, I had a basketball that required playing, a baseball that required throwing, and a volleyball that required volleying. And it wasn't as if my bike could ride itself. Besides, reading was boring. And if I wanted to be bored, it would be much easier just to pay attention during Mr. Kearly's social studies class. After senior high school, my education had become very narrow: computer engineering, mathematics, physics, and not much else. Years later, I realized something: I had not memory of ever reading a book for pleasure. But there was a world of knowledge outside science and engineering, and I was tired of being ignorant of it, so I decided I would become a reader. I dived into book after book. In short, the bookworm within me had awakened. Today, I carry a book(if not two or three) with me wherever I go. An hour-long waiting for the bus is not trouble; rather, it's a chance to enjoy a few chapters of Malcolm Gladwell's latest works. Sometimes, I wish my waiting was longer. \n Answer: Reading.",
            "output": [
                "What used to make the author bored?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-10f73c1fc6b8464b8ef2100559206517",
            "input": "Article: Almost everyone has seen someone speed read.They appear to skim the text and still have read and absorbed the content.The people who have studied speed reading techniques will still read at different speeds;however they will undoubtedly beat those without experience. The best and most efficient way to learn to read fast is to join in classes,where speed reading skills will be explained clearly. The advantage of courses is that students will be shown several different strategies showing them to choose the ones they find easiest to understand the material they are reading. Students should try to learn all the strategies presented during their courses as, once these are mastered,they will see a dramatic improvement in their reading rate,after which they can choose their preferred style. Students will see the benefits of speed reading as soon as the techniques are applied to their main field of study. A traditional education builds habits in reading which a good speed reading course will  push aside,replacing with new techniques. A comprehensive course will also advise students how to become more efficient readers;hopefully this will also encourage the desire for self improvement as well as the desire to read. Lecturers in speed reading will usually take the time to teach students the importance of  preparing the environment they work in before they read a single work remember reading at speed is all about increasing the speed of comprehension not just the speed of reading! The satisfaction of reading faster and with better comprehension skills cannot be ignored;the techniques of speed reading increase the enjoyment of reading.Speed reading is a skill to be encouraged in each and every generation of new readers. \n Answer: Speed Reading Is an Important Skill",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e1ffe44a0c64e278e9c6fce3bf93ebf",
            "input": "Article: When I put a foot in the school for the first time, the thing that I will never forget is a big smile coming from the people of the reception. This is the kind of things that means a lot to you when you are feeling like a strange person in a country that you have never been, as it was in my case. In the classes, I don't know if I'm a lucky person, but the teachers that I have had, in my opinion, are excellent, very professional in their jobs, and they just seem to enjoy teaching, and make the lessons useful and classes amusing. Another fact that I've really enjoyed is that the school is not only aimed at the English language knowledge. You can also find every kind of activity intended to entertain the students in their free time, with things like going to museums and galleries, visiting special places in the city or going to the very famous pub night to have a few beers with your friends. So here you have the opportunity to enjoy the stay in London, to meet new friends, and also to learn everything about the city and the British culture. Personally, there are some facts that have not been easy for me since I arrived, like being so far away from my family, the differences between English food and the food I used to eat, and the high prices for everything. However, I am impressed about a very developed and multicultural city, with people aware of the sense of living in community, with a public transport amazingly thorough, with outstanding tourist places, with opportunities for work and with food from every part of the world that you can imagine. I've experienced something priceless with my friends in London. Every time I made contact with my friends from another country, I learn about their culture. I was lucky to have such good friends. I think that time was a present for me. \n Answer: The author's learning experience in London.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-feb0b957dec347e08ad03e73e5cc6ae3",
            "input": "Article: Since the 1990s, education has been required for all South Africans from age seven to fifteen. Last December, the government announced that 70% of students passed their final examination to finish high school. In 2008, the pass rate was about 63%. There have been increases each year since then. Professor Shireen Motala says basic education is no longer a problem in South Africa. Most children stay in school until they are about sixteen. The problem is that large numbers of them leave without completing high school. Students take an examination known as the \"matric\"  in Grade Twelve. Professor Motala says, \"Less than half of the children who started school in 2000 sat for the matric last year. Many dropped out of school, so only around 45% took the matric. And the worry is where those students actually go.\" Those who drop out have to compete with better educated people for jobs. Educational researchers also point to another problem. South African schools do not produce enough students with the skills for higher education in maths and science. Many schools are not well-equipped. Children do not see laboratories, and, as a result, their science marks are not very good. They do not have libraries at school. Also, many teachers do not have the skills or training to do their jobs. In South Africa, a number of teachers were poorly trained before. Secondly, teachers have been confused by the many educational reform efforts in the last fifteen years. Finally, language differences in the classroom have not got as much attention as they should, which is a huge problem. Subjects such as maths and science are taught in English starting at about the age of ten. But South Africa has eleven official languages. South Africa's minister of basic education promises a number of improvements. Angie Motshega says teacher development efforts will focus on subject and content knowledge, making sure that the correct teachers are in the correct jobs. \n Answer: Most children have to find a job at an early age.",
            "output": [
                "What is the real concern of Shireen Motala?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0efe7584ee0348aaa02bcc830afc714e",
            "input": "Article: When Sara and Nathan Jones were training to become foster parents , their son, Noah, learned a tough thing or two about foster care. For instance, nearly 600 local foster kids changed families every year, and they carried their belongings from one home to the next in black garbage bags. Noah, then ten, couldn't imagine squeezing his clothes, favorite toy, and soccer ball into a trash bag and dragging it to a new house in the middle of the night. \"Packing kids' belongings into garbage bags is like telling them that their stuff has no more worth than trash,\" says Noah. So with help from his parents and younger sisters, Macy, then nine, and Molly, then seven, Noah began to collect suitcases and duffel bags from friends and extended family; he received more than 100 bags in less than two weeks. He then sent letters to churches and put ads in local newspapers and on radio stations asking for donations. Within a few months, the family was collecting about 500 bags a week, which they stored briefly in their spare bathroom and downstairs hallway before giving them to foster care caseworkers at the Department for Community Based Services. In addition to suitcases, Noah now provides foster kids with backpacks containing shampoo, soap, a journal, and a toy--all donated. \"My hope is that by giving the children things that are just theirs, they will feel a little control in the midst of the chaos,\" says Noah. Noah's group, A Case for Dignity, collects and distributes hundreds of bags a year. He recently convinced foster care managers from 15 Kentucky counties to pledge to use his bags instead of trash bags. \"I've been so inspired by him,\" says his mom. \"If a ten-year-old can see a problem and create a solution, how much more can we do as adults?\" \n Answer: To blame foster parents.",
            "output": [
                "What might be the purpose in writing the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ab9e95813b0d4b8f9c16841acb919ea8",
            "input": "Article: Hurricane Sandy was a hurricane that destroyed parts of the Caribbean and the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States during late October 2012, with minor impacts in the Southeastern and Midwestern states and Eastern Canada. Sandy, classified as the eighteenth named storm and tenth hurricane of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season, was a Category 2 storm at its peak intensity. While it was a Category 1 storm off the coast of the Northeastern United States, the storm became the largest Atlantic hurricane on record. Previous estimates of losses due to damage and business interruption are estimated at $65.6 billion, which would make it the second-costliest Atlantic hurricane, behind only Hurricane Katrina. At least 253 people were killed along the path of the storm in eight countries. Sandy developed from a tropical wave in the western Caribbean Sea on October 22, quickly strengthened, and was upgraded to Tropical Storm six hours later. Sandy moved slowly northward toward the Greater Antilles and gradually becoming stronger. On October 24, Sandy became a hurricane, made landfall near Kingston, Jamaica, a few hours later, entered into the Caribbean Sea again and strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane. On October 25, Sandy hit Cuba, and then weakened to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on October 26, Sandy moved through the Bahamas. On October 27, Sandy briefly weakened to a tropical storm and then restrengthened to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on October 29, Sandy turned from north to northwest and then moved ashore near Atlantic City, New Jersey, as a post-tropical cyclone with hurricane-force winds. In the United States, Hurricane Sandy affected 24 states, including the entire eastern seaboard from Florida to Maine and west across the Appalachian Mountains to Michigan and Wisconsin, with particularly severe damage in New Jersey and New York. Its storm hit New York City on October 29, flooding streets, tunnels and subway lines and cutting power in and around the city. Damage in the US is estimated at over $63 billion. \n Answer: Category 2 hurricane.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following wind forms is the strongest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fc7e139875e1493ebcc0b6a5f85026ed",
            "input": "Article: Many of us enjoy doing it: you turn on the camera on your mobile phone and hold it at a high angle, making your eyes look bigger and your cheekbones more defined. You turn to your best side and click. There it is -- your selfie. Over the past year, \"selfie\" has become a well-known term across the globe. This August the Oxford dictionary added the word to their online dictionary and defined it as: \"A photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically with a smartphone or webcam and up-loaded to a social media website.\" Today it's not difficult to find social networking pages full of photos people have taken of themselves and their friends. And selfie culture has become especially relevant for young people. As many as 91 percent of teenagers have posted photos of themselves online, according to a recent survey by the US Pew Research Center. So what are the reasons for the rise of selfie culture? \"The cult   of the selfie celebrates regular people,\" Pamela Rutledge, a professor at the Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology, told Vogue magazine. \"There are many more photographs available now of real people than models.\" Posting selfies also allows you to control your image online. \"I like having the power to choose how I look, even if I'm making a funny face,\" Samantha Barks, 19, a high school student in the US, told Vogue. In addition to self-expression and documentation, selfies \"allow of a close friendship for long-distance friends, because you can see each other's faces every day\", wrote Casey Miller at The Huffmgton Post. But US psychologist Jill Weber is concerned that selfies might lead to social problems, \"There's a danger that your self-esteem may start to be tied to the comments and 'likes' you get when you post a selfie, and they aren't based on who you are -- they're based on what you look like,\" Weber told Vogue. \"When you get nothing or a negative response, your confidence can _ .\" \n Answer: She thinks that selfies can help people learn about their friends based on who they really are.",
            "output": [
                "What is Jill Weber's attitude toward selfies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1318fc7e54f24e72ae2f4e4753696905",
            "input": "Article: Today, there are many chances for those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some break in one's career in order to attend school full time. Part-time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. Additionally, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact negatively on one's career and family time. Of the many approaches to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible   is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method which allows the students the flexibility to study at his or her own pace to achieve the academic goals which are so necessary in today's world. The time required to study may be set aside at the student's convenience. Additionally, the student may enroll in distance learning courses from actually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Individual assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, fax machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet. Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject evaluation tool with every subject, so a student doesn't need to travel away from home to take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance learning program is the equivalence   of the distance learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed. The individuality of the professor/student relationship is another characteristic of a good distance learning program. In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual student but also the company or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. Supporting distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining   career-minded people while contributing to their personal and professional growth through education. \n Answer: It requires some break in one's career.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of part time education?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-368009e20adf4436b42a4701b668676f",
            "input": "Article: People say, you can not change the environment, but can change their own; you can not change the facts, but can change attitudes; you can not change the past, but can be changed now; you can not control other people, but can be masters of our own; you can not do everything well, but can be conscientious in everything; you can not about the weather, but you can change the mood; you can not choose looks, but it can show a smile. Indeed, one key to the success lies in his (her) mind. The difference between successful people and the losers are: winners will be setbacks and difficulties due to personal ability, experience, imperfect, to emphasize the inherent, they are willing to continuously improve and develop the right direction; and the losers will blame on the opportunity, and the environment injustice, emphasizing external and uncontrollable factors that created the position of their life, they always complain, wait and give up! In many cases, is a _ person who is looked down upon his own. Person's appearance, his family, and so a priori condition that can not be changed, but at least inner state, the spirit of the will is entirely their own control. Mentality, the final decision of life high. There is no absolute bad thing, only the mentality of the absolute poor people. If even the state of mind will not adjust, how they deal with things more complicated than the mentality of it! No matter what the situation, a person's attitude is very important. Passion put to work, and numbness sluggish to work completely different. Emerson said: \"A move toward their goals is always people who gave him the whole world to give way.\" On the contrary, failure is not because we do not have the strength, but because we are susceptible to all around us, used to go along with the lack of assertive, attitude unstable, easily frustrated reason. As long as we believe that the strength of mind, change their attitude and courage to face a number of disappointments in life, do not despair, brave go on. I believe the power of mind, mind you're in the height of the final decision. \n Answer: In a popular magazine",
            "output": [
                "Where can you probably find the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1401e2166f2948288319ad541444dcf6",
            "input": "Article: About ten days ago, I started to write an article on a parenting subject. I wish I could publish  it. But in the days between the writing and the publishing, an unfortunate thing happened. My article discussing the lost art of walking to school was finished three days before an 8-year-old boy named Leiby Kletzky in Brooklyn tried to walk home for the first time from his summer camp.     Today I will not describe the details around the Leiby Kletzky killing, except to point out the obvious fact that it terrified every parent who heard about it. What happened this week is one of the biggest reasons why so few kids walk to school now.    In theory, walking to school is a wonderful habit, which can teach children independence, introduce them to their neighborhoods and encourage physical activity. It's better for the environment, eases traffic and is just generally the most fun choice.    However, many of us parents don't allow the habit, mentioning the problems of logistics and distance. What we talk about less often is our fear. Maybe that's the heart of the matter. Indeed, it is an understandable reaction. But it is not a necessary one. What happened this week is extremely rare.    Separating out the fact from the feelings is a difficult thing to do. Very few of us were ready to breathe easy about sending our young children off by themselves no matter what happened. We are far more worried now.    The good news is that we don't have to be. Those children who go to school by themselves can be escorted when the neighborhood forms a \"walking school bus\". That's when designated parents walk with groups of children from home to school. With the benefit of safety, it allows kids to enjoy one of the joys of childhood. It's an easy, affordable choice.    A walking school bus is a good idea that parents thought of. Proper measures are usually out there. Sometimes all they take is a little cooperation and some courage. \n Answer: Supportive.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's attitude towards walking school bus?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3c5e0027f91046da98820147a15086a7",
            "input": "Article: Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money or buy at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \" \" From tablet computers to smart phones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" Tablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \" is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps. But Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest robust group of apps   that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" Elman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through WiFi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture and upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" Streaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smart phones, laptops and tablets. \n Answer: Because it has more functions.",
            "output": [
                "According to Brian Tong, why may people prefer the iPad Mini to the Google Nexus 7?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-735e3b64860a489391b956783abd7c27",
            "input": "Article: Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival Where: Becket, Massachusetts When: Jun.15---Aug.24 Each summer, this influential dance center presents a number of classes and performances by more than 50 companies from around the world. Highlights in this season include the Dance Theater of Harlem's production of Alvin Ailey's \"The Lark Ascending\", which opens the festival. Many events are free. Ticketed performances start at $22. Jacobspillow.org. Moab Music Festival Where: Moab, Utah When: Aug.29---Sept.9 This area is better known for mountain biking than for music . But since 1992, it has hosted a private festival that brings classical, jazz, Latin and other types of music to the land. This year there will be 16 concerts, including three \"Grotto Concerts\", where guests take a 45-minute boat ride down the Colorado River to performances. Events start at $25. Moabmusicfest.org. Cheyenne Frontier Days Where: Cheyenne, Wyoming When: July19---28 There is something for everyone at this 117-year-old festival, from an \"Indian village\" and Old West museum to country concerts. But the competition is still the main attraction, with cowboys and cowgirls competing for major money in the world's largest outdoor stage. Competition tickets start at $18, and concert tickets at $23. Cfdrodeo.com. The Glimmerglass Festival Where: Cooperstown, New York When: July6---Aug.24 Each summer, opera lovers from around the country (and the world) travel to upstate New York to watch productions that include stars like Nathan Gunn and Ginger Costa-Jackson. This year's performances include Wagner's \"The Flying Dutchman\" and Verdi's \"King for a Day\", in honor of the 200th birthdays of both composers. Tickets start at $26.  Glimmerglass.org. \n Answer: September 4.",
            "output": [
                "If you want to enjoy a \"Grotto Concert\", which date suits you best?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2f64a7980944358bfb204a65e83661d",
            "input": "Article: Mark twain tells a boy's story in The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. Huck is a poor child, without a mother or home. His father drinks too much alcohol and always beats him. Huck's situation has freed him from the restriction of society. He explores in the woods and goes fishing. He stays out all night and does not go to school. He smokes. Huck runs away from home. He meets Jim, a black man who has escaped from slavery . They travel together on a raft  made of wood down the Mississippi River. Mark twain started writing \"Huckleberry Finn\" as a children's story. But it soon became serious. The story tells about the social evil of slavery, seen through the eyes of an innocent child. Huck's ideas about people were formed by the white society in which he lived. So, at first, he does not question slavery. Huck knows that important people believe slavery is natural, the law of God. So, he thinks it is his duty to tell Jim's owners where to find him. Later, Huck comes to understand that Jim is a good man. He finds he cannot carry out his plan to inform Jim's owners of his whereabouts . Instead, he decides to help Jim escape. He decides to do this, even if God punished him. \n Answer: The outline   of The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4deb1e92faad4aac8e84759cf3b27da1",
            "input": "Article: While learning the science lessons, I used to get a doubt--why ear, nose, tongue and eyes should be called as special senses? The basic reason is that these are the channels through which we maintain contact with the surroundings. Though apparently it may feel like these are individual sensory organs, they do show some connectivity. Interestingly, our hearing is less sharp after we eat a heavy food. Isn't it good for a sound nap after a stomach-full meal? That does not mean we go deaf after a meal, but the hearing pitch does change after a heavy meal. We usually give credit of the taste to our tongue, but do you know that unless saliva dissolves something, our tongue cannot recognize the taste of the food eaten. Taste is nothing but the food chemicals dissolved in the saliva being sensed by the taste buds present on the tongue. Try to dry off your tongue and mouth with a tissue paper and then taste something. Women are much better smellers than men. They are born with this characteristic ability and can correctly recognize the exact fragrance of the sample. We all can store almost 50,000 different smells, which are strongly tied to the memories. Pupils do not respond to light alone, but to the slightest bit of noise around too. Thus surgeons, watchmakers and those professionals who have to perform a much delicate job do prefer to have a sound-free environment. Even a small noise can enlarge their pupils, change the focus and make their vision less clear. Each and every one of us has a particular or individualistic or characteristic smell, which is unique to us, except the twins. This smell is very subtle yet can be sensed even by a newborn. It may be due to this smell that the newborn recognizes the presence of his parents around. \n Answer: Your tongue may lose the function of taste.",
            "output": [
                "What may happen after you have had a rich lunch?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76be923529b1470497f862545f7d7746",
            "input": "Article: Part-time jobs for 15 and 16 years olds Waiter / Waitress A job as a waiter or waitress is a good choice for 16-year-olds. Not only can one earn $9-$12 an hour, but they can also get the tips  . Most people that visit a restaurant don't just have good food. They come here to relax and have a good time. Besides serving food quickly, a young waiter who talks to them politely with a smile on his face will make the diners enjoy their time at the restaurant. Work in a library If one is fond of books, working in a library is another suitable choice. Besides the pay is good, it offers a lot of free time when students can actually sit down and finish their homework. So on returning home, they would have time to hang around with friends or just relax. So working in a library is an excellent part-time job for teens, especially for school students. Internet jobs There are many ways of making money through online jobs like clicking on advertisements, visiting sites and signing up with them. However, such online jobs don't pay well. A better Internet job for teens is to complete online surveys. These are quite simple surveys that usually ask one about his/ her opinions and ideas. Many companies use these ideas to make products designed for teenagers. \n Answer: Making diners comfortable is part of the job.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer think of the job as a waiter/waitress?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ea51dd82f59439691565fdb1d08f3ec",
            "input": "Article: \"Be nice to people.\" This sounds like a platitude ,but I'll never forget my father's words. I was 10, and I had been unkind to someone. He said, \"There is no point in being unkind to anyone at any time. You never know who you're going to meet later in life. And by the way, you don't change anything by being unkind. Usually you don't get anywhere.\" \"Remember you can do anything you want to do. Don't let anyone say, 'You're not smart enough, it's too hard, it's a foolish idea, no one has done that before, girls don't do that.' \"My mom gave me that advice in 1973. And it allowed me to never worry what others were saying about my job direction. \"Always do the best job you can do at whatever you're given, even if you think it's boring.\" Jerry Parkinson, my boss at P&G, told me this in 1979. Here I was fresh out of Harvard Business School(HBS), and I was told to decide how big the hole in the Ivory shampoo bottle should be: 3/8 of an inch or 1/8 of an inch. I did research, focus groups and I would come home at night wondering how I had gone from HBS to this. But later I realized any job you're given is an opportunity to prove yourself. \"Don't be greedy . If you're constantly in the neighborhood of good things, good things will happen to you.\" Tom Tierney, who was my boss at Bain in 1981 and is now on the eBay board, told me this. It's true that you get ahead by praising other people. Finally, in 1998, I was in New York watching the ticker  as eBay went public. My husband is a surgeon .I called him and told him the great news. And he said, \"That's nice. But Meg, remember that it's not brain surgery.\" \n Answer: HBS.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is different from the other three?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c5307f7b129c433c82123d608fa4cc23",
            "input": "Article: Christopher Thomas, 27, was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast. Diagnosed with diabetes , Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin  three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage, blindness, and even death. And if that weren't bad enough, he had no health insurance.  After a month of feeling upset, Thomas decided he'd better find a way to fight back. He left Canton, Michigan for New York, got a job waiting tables, nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar , and created diabeticrockstar.com, a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones--a place where over 1,100 people share personal stories, information, and resources. Jason Swencki\"s son, Kody, was diagnosed with type diabetes at six. Father and son visit the online children's forums  together most evenings. \"Kody gets so excited, writing to kids from all over,\" says Swencki, one of the site's volunteers. \"They know what he's going through, so he doesn't feel alone.\"   Kody is anything but alone: Diabetes is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, with 24 million diagnosed cases. And more people are being diagnosed at younger ages. These days, Thomas's main focus is his charity, Fight It, which provides medicines and supplies to people--225 to date--who can't afford a diabetic's huge expenses. Fight-it.org has raised about $23,000--in products and in cash. In May, Thomas will hold the first annual Diabetic Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean. Even with a staff of 22 volunteers, Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause, while still doing his full-time job waiting tables. \"Of the diabetes charities out there, most are putting money into finding a cure,\" says Bentley Gubar one of Rockstar's original members. \"But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now.\" \n Answer: He encourages diabetics by writing articles.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true of Christopher Thomas?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9513b5418f86406a887d6c578e507ea2",
            "input": "Article: Hemophilia results when a gene fails to produce the protein  needed for the blood to clot  ,or change from a liquid to a solid .The fault gene is passed from parents to children .People with hemophilia suffer uncontrolled bleeding .This can result in pain , tissue swelling  and permanent damage to joints and muscles.     One in every ten thousand males has the most common kind of hemophilia .It is extremely rare for females to have it. Patients can be treated with the missing clotting substance .They generally can lead normal lives.     Scientists say gene treatment may be a possible way to cure hemophilia in the future .Researchers consider hemophilia the best disease for gene treatment because it is caused by a single fault gene .Also ,only a small increase in the missing clotting substance could provide good results .They tested gene treatment in six patients with severe hemophilia.     First ,they removed skin cells from the patients' arms .The researchers grew the cells in the laboratory .They added copies of the needed gene taken from healthy people .Then they created hundreds of millions of genetically changed cells .They placed these cells into the patients' stomachs.After four months ,the amount of blood clotting substance in the blood increased in four of the six patients .Some of the patients reported a decrease in bleeding problems .However ,ten months later ,the clotting substance was no longer in the patients' blood .It is not clear if the implanted cells died or the added genes stopped working.     The researchers say the study showed that gene treatment is safe for people with the most common kind of hemophilia .But others expressed concern about the treatment because the effects were only temporary. \n Answer: It doesn't succeed in making protein needed for blood to form into clots.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true about hemophilia?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-61dad8ad945840bd9a4f4b7f86eb8eae",
            "input": "Article: Still wonder where to stay? We have a lot to offer. GUEST ROOMS Spacious, stylish guest rooms include all the necessities for an unforgettable stay. All guest rooms feature workstations with Internet access, two telephones with voice mail, and in-room safes  . SUITES Hilton Toronto offers a variety of one-bedroom and Junior Suites. Spoil yourself in the ultimate elegance, and capture the spirit of Canada in one of our four Signature suites. EXECUTIVE ROOMS You can enjoy Wi-Fi and access to the private Executive Lounge   for breakfast, all-day coffee service and so on. The modern executive rooms offer views of downtown Toronto and come with robes, slippers, 47-inch flat-screen plasma TVs, over-sized chairs, large work desks and coffeemakers. The Executive Lounge is open 6:30am to 10:00pm Monday through Thursday, 6:30am to 11:00am Friday, and closed on Saturday and Sunday. ACCESSIBLE ROOMS Our accessible rooms have features designed for our disabled Guests. Partially accessible rooms have safety bars, raised vanities and toilets. Transfer benches are available   upon request. BEST PRICE GUARANTEE Get the best price when you book directly with us. If you find a lower publicly available price anywhere else, we will match that price and give you an additional  US $50 back. REACH US 145 RICHMOND STREET WEST, TORONTO, ONTARIO, M5H 212, CANADA TEL: +1- 416-869-3456 FAX: +1-416-869-3187 \n Answer: Coffee service on Sunday.",
            "output": [
                "Which is not got in the private Executive Lounge?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc56f71a7a9041a49ff3f25b6f9b2f01",
            "input": "Article: There's no danger of 88-year-old Harry Ward forgetting his wife Doris's Valentine's Day card - the couple still use the same one he bought her 70 years ago. When 17-year-old Harry Ward presented Doris with a Valentine's Day card as he boarded a train to join the wartime effort on February 14, 1941, he must have been fairly confident about his affections . After all the couple had been dating since they met in a cafe three months earlier. But little can he have imagined that 70 years on, not only would he still be happy about having married Doris, but that every year she would present him with the very same card he gave her that Valentine's Day. \"I bring it out of the cupboard and put it on our mantelpiece every Valentine's Day,\" she said. \"It's a special to me now as it was 70 years ago. Harry has never bought me one since, because I have this one every year.\" They first met in a cafe. \"Harry was in the cafe drinking and he said hello. He asked me my name and we got talking happily. He offered to walk me to the bus stop but when we got outside, a bombing raid had started and we had to run to a nearby air-raid shelter ,\" Doris said. Mr. Ward said,\"I knew Doris was the one for me the moment I met her. I gave her the Valentine's card then and she is still my Valentine now.\" Mrs. Ward's card is not the only thing that has endured the passing of time. \"Harry is quite romantic and we are as still in love as the day he first gave me this card,\"Dorris said. \n Answer: In 1940.",
            "output": [
                "When did the couple first meet?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6cea5c457410479eac4cad16549e6445",
            "input": "Article: The interview has been going on for about 20 minutes and everything seems to be going well.Then, suddenly, the interviewer asks an unexpected question, \"Which is more important, law or love?\" Job applicants in the West increasingly find themselves asked strange questions like this.And the signs are that this is beginning to happen in China. Employers want people who are skilled, enthusiastic and devoted.So these are the qualities that any reasonably intelligent job applicant will try to show no matter what his or her actual feelings are.In response, employers are increasingly using the questions which try and show the applicant's true personality. The question in the first paragraph comes from a test called the Kiersey Temperament Sorter.It is an attempt to discover how people solve problems, rather than what they know.This is often called aptitude   test. According to Mark Baldwin of Alliance, many job applicants in China are finding this type of questions difficult.\"When a Chinese fills out an aptitude test, he or she will think there is a right answer but they may fail because they try to guess what the examiner wants to see.\" This is sometimes called the prisoner's dilemma .Applicants are trying to act cleverly in their own interest, but they fail because they don't understand what the interviewer is looking for.Remember that in an aptitude test, the correct answer is the honest answer. \n Answer: To give a piece of advice to job interviewees.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8a993b1ae45d429caceb7e4d05856a2b",
            "input": "Article: CHINA established the city of Sansha yesterday on Yongxing Island in the southernmost province of Hainan. A ceremony to mark the city's establishment began at 10:40 am on a square in front of the city government's main building. The national flag was hoisted   and the national anthem played after the unveiling of the signboards of the Sansha Municipal Government and the Sansha Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC). Official broadcaster China Central Television(CCTV) aired the ceremony live, with speeches from Sansha's newly appointed mayor and other officials. Sun Shaochi, vice minister of civil affairs, announced the State Council's approval of the establishment of the city at the ceremony. Luo Baoming, Party chief of Hainan Province, said in a keynote speech that Sansha was established to administer the Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha islands and their surrounding waters in the South China Sea. \"The provincial government will be devoted to turning the city into an important base to safeguard China's sovereignty   and serve marine resource development.\" he said. He said the main task now will be to build up political power in Sansha to ensure efficient management. The Sansha city government is located on Yongxing Island, a part of the Xisha Islands and the largest island in the area. Sansha is 13 hours from the mainland by boat. It has a post office, bank, supermarket and hospital, but little else. \n Answer: On Yongxing Island.",
            "output": [
                "Where is the center of Sansha city located?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73a55a8138b44e4e807529e021cc4908",
            "input": "Article: Freezing weather can mean frostbite and  _ unless a person is prepared. Do you know how to stay warm, dry and safe in such cold winter? Frostbite is damage that happens when skin is exposed to extreme cold for too long. It mainly happens on the hands, feet, nose and ears. People with small cases of frostbite that affect only the skin may not suffer any lifelong damage. But if deeper tissue   is affected, a person is likely to feel pain every time the area gets cold. If blood vessels are damaged, people can suffer an infection of gangrene  . Sometimes, doctors have to remove frostbitten areas like fingers and toes. Hypothermia happens when the body cannot produce as much heat as it releases. The condition comes on slowly. Signs of hypothermia include uncontrollable shaking, very slow breathing and unclear thinking. If not treated properly, Hypothermia can be deadly. A simple way to avoid cold-related injuries is to remember four basic steps. Think of COLD -- C.O.L.D. The C stands for cover. Wear a hat and a scarf to keep heat from escaping through the head, neck and ears. And wear mittens   instead of gloves. In gloves, the fingers are separated, so the hands might not stay as warm. The O stands for overexertion  . Avoid activities that will make you sweaty. Wet clothes and cold weather are a bad mix. L is for layers. Wearing loose, lightweight clothes, one layer on top of another, is better than wearing a single heavy layer of clothing. Also, make sure outerwear is made of material that is water-resistant and tightly knit. Can you guess what the D in C.O.L.D. stand for? D is for dry. In other words, stay as dry as possible. Pay attention to the places where snow can enter, like the tops of boots, the necks of coats and the wrist areas of mittens. And here are two other things to keep in mind -- one for children and the other for adults. Eating snow might be fun but it lowers the body's temperature. And drinking alcohol might make a person feel warm. But what it really does is weaken the body's ability to hold heat. \n Answer: They can protect us from injuries completely.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true about the C.O.L.D. according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-941e3a1a631144c69c5e270c7b06d423",
            "input": "Article: Many people enjoy an adventure story. Others like mysteries that lead the reader to an exciting discovery. The story of the young British naturalist Charles Darwin combines both of these. That is why the author and illustrator  Rosalyn Schanzer chose to write the children's book \"What Darwin Saw\". The book was published just in time for the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin's birth on February 12, 1809. Rosalyn Schanzer carefully gathered Darwin's thoughts and observations from his diaries, letters and books. Many of the words in the book are Darwin's own. She also traveled to the Galapagos Islands and South America. She researched some of the places Darwin had visited on his trip on the ship, the Beagle in the 1830s. She took thousands of pictures, which helped her create the book's beautiful and color1ful drawings. These pictures show young readers what led Darwin to form his great discovery: the evolution of species through natural selection. \"What Darwin Saw\" tells of the adventures of a young man who traveled around the world as a scientist. The voyage of the Beagle took Charles Darwin to South America, where he rode horses with cowboys and met Native Americans in Argentina. He reported the eruption of the Osorno Volcano and experienced an earthquake in Chile. Darwin's observations showed him that environments can change very quickly and a great deal over time. Rosalyn Schanzer brings to life the clues that suggested to Darwin that living things evolve, or change, over time. She illustrates the unusual tortoises, birds and lizards that Darwin studied in the Galapagos Islands. She shows how Darwin came to understand that these island animals had differences, developed over time, that helped them survive. And she explains the theory of evolution through natural selection in a way that both children and adults will enjoy. \n Answer: Children.",
            "output": [
                "Who is \"What Darwin Saw\" intended for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-30f74cb490914a38b72053a197192d5b",
            "input": "Article: Joseph Francis Charles Rock (1884-1962) was an Austrian-American explorer, botanist, and anthropologist . For more than 25 years, he travelled extensively through Tibet and Yunnan, Gansu, and Sichuan provinces in China before finally leaving in 1949. In 1924, Harvard sent Joseph Francis Rock on a treasure hunt through China's southwestern provinces--the Wild West of their day. But gold and silver weren't his task: Rock, a distinguished botanist, sought only to fill his bags with all the seeds, saplings, and shrubs he could find. During his three-year expedition, he collected 20,000 specimens for the Arnold Arboretum . Botany, though, was just one of Rock's strengths. As an ethnologist , he took hundreds of photographs of the Naxi, a tribe in Yunnan province, recording their now-lost way of life for both Harvard and National Geographic, and took notes for an eventual 500-page dictionary of their language. His hand-drawn map of his travels through China's \"Cho-Ni\" territory, in the Harvard Map Collection, includes more than a thousand rivers, towns, and mountains indicated in both English and Chinese, and was so well made that the U.S. government used it to plan aerial missions in World War II. Scientist, linguist, cartographer, photographer, writer--Rock was not a wallflower in any sense. Arrogant and self-possessed, he would walk into a village or warlord's place \"as if he owned the place,\" said Lisa Pearson, the Arboretum's head librarian. In declaring his successful return under the headline \"Seeking Strange Flowers, in the Far Reaches of the World,\" the Boston Evening Transcript ran a large photo of the daring explorer wearing in a woolly coat and fox-skin hat. \"In discussing his heroism including hair-raising escapes from death either from mountain slides, snow slides and robber armies, he waves the idea away as if it is of no importance.\" The Arboretum and Rock parted ways after 1927, mainly because his trip cost Harvard a fortune--about $900,000 in today's dollars. Fortunately, many of his specimens, many of his amazing photos, and his great stories remain. \n Answer: Rock's exploration in Southwest China.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2a066d066cf4c1eb801cc27aa9d33f0",
            "input": "Article: San Francisco(People's Daily Online)-- Apple Inc. Tuesday introduced its mobile payment service Apple Pay alongside the company's iPhone 6 Plus and Apple Watch at the Flint Center in Cupertino, California. What apple does is to replace consumers' wallet with its cell phone. Apple said it hopes to speed up the checkout process, make credit-card payments more secure and ultimately, to replace physical wallets. With the near-field communication technology, Apple's gadgets like iPhone and Apple watch can transmit a radio signal between the device and a receiver when the two are in an inch apart. \"To pay, just hold your iPhone near the contactless reader with your finger on Touch ID. You don't even have to look at the screen to know your payment information was successfully sent,\" Apple says on its official website. Apple said that each transaction  would be authorized  with a one-time, unique number, creating a security code that it said is more secure than the one on the back of your credit card because cashiers won't see your name, card number or security code. The service will work with the three major payment networks -- American Express, MasterCard and Visa -- and Apple said that there are 220,000 merchant locations that accept these contactless payments. When some applaud this disrupted service that will compete with Paypal and endanger other online payment companies, some others concern about its safety, especially when another retailer Home Depot confirmed a data opening yesterday and iCloud was reported exposing nude  pictures of celebrities   a week ago. Leo Zheng, a technology reporter in Silicon Valley said: \"When Apple attracts consumers to put all their cards into one iPhone and promised the security, Jennifer Lawrence should say something.\" \n Answer: Apple announces mobile payment service to replace consumers' wallet.",
            "output": [
                "Which can be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-655c0a82c2aa4175a7772907f7c59948",
            "input": "Article: Why are newspapers and TV broadcasts filled with disaster, corruption and incompetence? It may be because we're drawn to depressing stories without realizing, according to psychologists. When you read the news, sometimes it can feel like the only things reported are terrible, depressing events. Why do the media concentrate on the bad things in life, rather than the good? In fact, many people often say that they would prefer good news. The researchers present their experiment as solid evidence of a so called \"negativity bias \", psychologists' term for our collective hunger to hear, and remember bad news. It isn't just delight in other people's misfortune, the theory goes, but that we've evolved to react quickly to potential threats. Bad news could be a signal that we need to change what we're doing to avoid danger. As you'd expect from this theory, there's some evidence that people respond quicker to negative words. In lab experiments, flash the word \"cancer\", \"bomb\" or \"war\" up at someone and they can hit a button in response quicker than if that word is \"baby\", \"smile\" or \"fun\". We are also able to recognize negative words faster than positive words, and even tell that a word is going to be unpleasant before we can tell exactly what the word is going to be. There's another interpretation  that researchers put on their evidence: we pay attention to bad news, because on the whole, we think the world is more hopeful than it actually is. When it comes to our own lives, most of us believe we're better than average, and that, like the cliches, we expect things to be all right in the end. This pleasant view of the world makes bad news all the more surprising and arresting. It is only against a light background that the dark spots are highlighted. So our attraction to bad news may be more complex than just journalistic prejudice or a hunger springing from the darkness within. \n Answer: People are born to hear and remember bad news.",
            "output": [
                "What is \"negativity bias\" according to psychologists?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-db46a451ef0246df8f5cd30cc48930f1",
            "input": "Article: A newly-wed couple on a four-month honeymoon were hit by six natural disasters, including the Australian floods, Christchurch earthquake and Japanese tsunami. Stefan and Erika Svanstrom left Stockholm, Sweden, on December 6 and were immediately stranded in Munich, Germany, due to one of Europe's worst snowstorms. Travelling with their baby daughter, they flew on to Cairns in Australia which was then struck by one of the most tremendous tonadoes in the nation's history. From there, the couple, in their 20s, were forced to shelter for 24 hours on the cement floor of a shopping centre with 2,500 others. \"Trees were being knocked over and big branches were scattered across the streets,\" Mr Svanstrom told Sweden's Express newspaper. _  They then headed south to Brisbane but the city was experiencing massive flooding, so they crossed the country to Perth where they narrowly escaped raging bush fires. The couple then flew to Christchurch, New Zealand, arriving just after a massive magnitude 6.3 earthquake destroyed the city on February 22. Mrs. Svanstrom said, \"When we got there the whole town was a war zone.\" \"We could not visit the city since it was completely blocked off, so instead we travelled around before going to Japan.\" But days after the Svanstroms arrived, Tokyo was rocked by Japan's largest earthquake since records began. \"The trembling was horrible and we saw roof tiles fly off the buildings,\" Mr. Svantrom said. \"It was like the buildings were swaying back and forth.\" The family returned to Stockholm on March 29,2011 after a much calmer visit to their last destination China. But Mr. Svanstrom, who also survived the destructive Boxing Day tsunami that hit southeast Asia in 2004, said the marriage was still going strong. He added, \"I know marriages have to endure some trials, but I think we have been through most of them.\" \"We've certainly experienced more than our fair share of catastrophes, but the most important thing is that we're together and happy.\" Mrs. Svantrom added: \" To say we were unlucky with the weather doesn't really cover it! It's so absurd that now we can only laugh.\" \n Answer: 5.",
            "output": [
                "How many countries did the couple visit during their honeymoon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-efa0f99bd78b45c2bd7064f7b387ec16",
            "input": "Article: When other nine-year-old kids were playing games , she was working at a petrol station.When other teens were studying or going out , she struggled to find a place to sleep on the street.But she overcame these terrible setbacks to win a highly competitive scholar and gain entry to Harvard University. Her amazing story has inspired a move , \" Homeless to Harvard : The Liz Murray Story \", shown in late April. Liz Murray , a year- old American girl , has been writing a real-life story of willpower and determination. Liz grew up in the shadow of two drug-addicted.There was never enough food or warm clothes in the house.Liz was the only member of the family who had a job. Her mother had AIDS and died when Liz was just 15 years old.The effect of that loss became a turning point in her life.Connecting the environment in which she had grown up with how her mother had died , she decided to do something about it. Liz went back to school.She threw herself into her studies , never telling her teachers that she was homeless.At night , she lived on the streets. \" What drove me to survive had to do with understanding , by understanding that there was a whole other way of being.I had only experienced a small part of the society , \" she wrote in her book \" Breaking Night \". She admitted that she used envy to drive herself on.She used the benefits that come easily to others , such as a safe living environment , to encourage herself that \" next to nothing could hold me down \". She finished high school in just two years and won a full scholarship to study at Harvard University.But Liz decided to leave her top university for a couple of moths earlier this year in order to take care of her father , who has also developed AIDS.\" I love my parents so much.They are drug addicts.But I never forget that they love me all the time.\" Liz wants moviegoers to come away with the idea that changing your life is \" as simple a making a decision.\" \n Answer: To live a different life from her parents",
            "output": [
                "What decision did Liz make that changed her life ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-65e92a8c6b6443df9b9714250924ea14",
            "input": "Article: It seems some people have something bad to say about Facebook, the social media website that now has attracted more than 300 million members. To them I have only this to say: Stop please! A recent article in theWall Street Journalblamed Facebook's ability to ruin friendships, saying that it limits communication to typing and encourages people to spend far too much time with friends they have never met. Having used Facebook since its first year, I find these arguments false. The simple truth is that the problems are only a symptom of Facebook abuse. Like many things, it is only as harmful to your life and relationships as you allow it to be. Consider arguments against watching too much TV and overeating. Try using Facebook to find friends who may have long ago changed their e-mail addresses and phone numbers, to find out what your old college friends are up to, to congratulate your friends on their latest birthdays, to share pictures and articles you find interesting, and to join in the discussion about them with your friends. Sure, I had days when I wasted a little more time on Facebook than I should, but I'm not going to blame Facebook for my own laziness. If Facebook wasn't there, I would have found something else to waste time on. To my \"friends\": if you don't feel like broadcasting your life stories on your Facebook, don't. If you tire of my personal updates, ignore them. If you don't want to join in the popular online games, don't. It is a fun tool at your fingers that can be used for both good and bad. If you don't like using Facebook, don't. I am now a consultant at the Department of State. I use Facebook to keep in touch with friends, family, and colleagues who live and work all over the world. \n Answer: Because it can make people lose their real-life friends.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the article in theWall Street Journal blame Facebook?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b6d9cec35b87408f82c52538a5c3c8d3",
            "input": "Article: There once lived a rich businessman who had a lazy son. The businessman wanted his son to realize the value of labour and said: \"Today, I want you to go out and earn something, failing which you won't have your meals tonight.\" He went crying straight to his mother. Her heart melted at her son's eyes. She gave him a gold coin. When the father asked his son what he had earned, the son presented him the gold coin. The father asked him to throw it into a well. The next day, he asked his son to earn something. This time he went crying to his sister who gave him a coin. When he showed it to his father he again asked him to throw it in a well. Then the father asked him to earn more money. This time since there was no one to help him, the son was forced to go to the market. One shopkeeper told him he would pay him two coins if he carried his trunk to his house. He did so and sweated plenty. As he returned home he was asked to do the same. The son almost cried out. He could not imagine throwing his hard-earned money like this. He cried, \"My entire body is aching. You are asking me to throw the money into the well.\" At this moment, the businessman told him one feels the pain only when the fruits of hard labour are wasted. On the earlier two occasions he was helped and therefore had no pain in throwing the coins into the well. The son had now realized the value of hard work. He promised never to be lazy and to safely keep the father's wealth. The father handed over the keys of his shop to the son and promised to guide him through the rest of the life. \n Answer: The father taught his son a lesson in a good way.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-feb43ce98c624f5085b8f07cde51f672",
            "input": "Article: Yesterday was my stepmom's birthday. I hadn't been home for a long time so I wanted to stop by the house to see her on this special day. I have been struggling financially so I was afraid of the long trip. Gas is so expensive nowadays! Anyway, I filled my tank with gas and set off. I stopped at the shopping mall and found a present. It was the perfect gift and I knew she would love it. But when I got to the cashier my card was declined! I did not have enough money in my account to pay for the gift! So I _ the issue for a few minutes. I could put it back and get something cheaper, but I knew there was nothing else in the store she would like as much. So, I got on my smart-phone and transferred some money from my savings account so I was able to pay for the gift. It took a big chunk of my savings but I wanted her to have something special. She loved the gift and I felt that even though I had spent almost all my money my stepmom deserved the best and I was glad I gave her the best that I could. Before leaving my parents' house, my dad took me to one side and, with our secret hand-shake, he gave me some money. I had not said anything to him about my finances but I guess my dad had just known it. When I got to the car, I saw the amount he gave me was three times what I had spent on the gas and the gift! It goes to show that doing the right thing always comes with great rewards. \n Answer: Because the writer was short of money.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the writer unwilling to have a long trip?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4a3f49c025e04e1c8da5b69267c21412",
            "input": "Article: Infiniti, Nissan's luxury brand, continues to show off ideas for the future. The Q80 Inspiration here in Paris is an excellent piece of work, perhaps a concept elegant enough to make us forget that Infiniti's former Hong Kong-based president, Johan de Nysschen, moved to take over General Motors' Cadillac car brand in July and Infiniti chairman Andy Palmer is the new CEO at Aston Martin, the British luxury car brand. The Q80, if it becomes reality, will be brought to market by Infiniti's new boss, former BMW (another famous car brand )executive Roland Kruger. He should focus on this, at least until he is head-hunted to another company. The Q80 Inspiration is a low and sexy four-door fastback, and it is also a showcase for technology - from autonomous driving to eco-friendly power trains. Here in Paris, the Infiniti people say the hybrid drive in this concept suggest exactly where the brand is going in the future. The company says the Q80 speaks to how Infiniti plans to pull people into more expensive cars - cars that compete with the Porsche Panamera, for instance. Alfonso Albaisa, Infiniti Executive Design Director, said the car \"delivers feminine elegance and muscular menace in equal measure and strikes big in terms of styling, craftsmanship, choice of materials and attention to detail.\" Most importantly, for luxury cars buyers who are increasingly puzzled by all the technology, the designers focused on making things simple. \"There is a tendency with modern design that every time you add interior features and technology you add complexity,\" said Albaisa, pointing to the concept's easy-to -understand -and -operate infotainment interface. As for power, the Q80 Inspiration gets 550 horsepower from a twin turbocharged 3.0-litre V-6 combined with a hybrid electric power train. Fuel economy could be as good as 5.5 litres/100 km. \n Answer: Roland Kruger",
            "output": [
                "Who will take charge of the launch of the Q80 Inspiration?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-440bedfafb2b4f90aa955e74314375ad",
            "input": "Article: Valentine's Day is named for Saint Valentine, an early Christian churchman who reportedly helped young lovers.Valentine was killed for his Christian beliefs on February 14 more than 1,700 years ago, but the day that has his name is even earlier than that.     More than 2,000 years ago, the ancient Romans celebrated a holiday for lovers.As part of the celebration, girls wrote their names on pieces of paper and put them in a large container.Boys reached into the container and pulled one out.The girl whose name was written on the paper became his lover or sweet heart for a year.     Lovers still put their names on pieces of paper and they send each other Valentine' s Day cards that tell of their love.Sometimes they also send gifts, like flowers or chocolate candy.Americans usually send these gifts and cards through the mail system.But some used another way to send this message.They have it printed in a newspaper.The cost is usually a few dollars.Some of the messages are simple and short, \"Jane, I love you very much.\" Others say more.This one, for example, \"Don, roses are red.Violets are blue.I hope you love me as much as I love you.Forever, Mary.\"     Most of the newspapers that print such messages are local, but USA Today is sold throughout the United States and 90 other countries as well.This means someone can send a Valentine message to a lover in a far-away city or town almost anywhere in the world.These messages cost 80 dollars and more.An employee of USA Today says readers can have a small heart or rose printed along with their messages this year.Will this kind of Valentine' s Day message reach the one you love?     Well, just make sure he or she reads the newspaper. \n Answer: Love messages may appear in newspapers.",
            "output": [
                "Which is true about Valentine's Day according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0a1d52bc8f6c4eb7bb9e98f3ab0abcdc",
            "input": "Article: \" Drink your milk.It is good for you! \" You've probably heard that many times, and it is true.Milk contains calcium, which is a necessary nutrient for keeping bones and teeth healthy and strong.The US government even requires milk as part of the National School: Lunch Program, saying that students should drink one cup of fat - free milk at each meal.  Last Thursday, however, a group of doctors asked the government to remove the lunch program.The Physical Committee for Responsible Medicine says, \"Milk is high in sugar, high in fat and high in animal? protein,\" all of which have negative effects on health.The PCRM says there were better and healthier ways to get calcium such as eating beans, broccoli, cereals and tofu.Orange juice and soymilk that have calcium added to them also supply the nutrient.\"One of the only reasons people talk about dairy, or promote it at all, is because it is going to help build strong hones.\" says Dr.Neal Barnard, president of the PCRM.But milk may not be the best way to get calcium your body needs. Of course, calcium is important for health bones and teeth, but there are other things that affect your bone strength, such as genes, how much vitamin D you take in and getting an hour' s worth of exercise every day. Some nutritionists disagree with the idea that milk isn' t important.Keri Gans, a dietitian, says, \" I think it is irresponsible to take this beverage that children enjoy, especially among those who are unable to meet their nutrient needs for the day, and remove it from lunch time.\" The US government is studying the request of the PCRM, but a decision may be a one way to take off.Meanwhile, Marion Nestle, a professor at New York University, put it best: \" Milk demonstrably has nutrients.Other foods have the same nutrients.It' s just a food.Like other foods, too much might be a problem.\" \n Answer: Milk helps build students' strong bones.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the US government ask students to drink one cup of milk at lunch time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-23ece0f02e944abba066e7fd2f4d357e",
            "input": "Article: As researchers learn more about how children's intelligence develops, they are increasingly surprised by the power of parents.The power of the school has been replaced by the home.To begin with, all the factors which are part of intelligence--the child's understanding of language,learning patterns, curiosity--are established well before the child enters school at the age of six.Study after study has shown that even after school begins, children's achievements have been far more influenced by parents than by teachers.This is particularly true about learning that is languagerelated.The school rather than the home is given credit for variations in achievement in subjects such as science. In view of their power, it's sad to see so many parents not making the most of their child's intelligence.Until recently parents had been warned by educators who asked them not to educate their children.Many teachers now realize that children cannot be educated only at school and parents are being asked to contribute both before and after the child enters school. Parents have been particularly afraid to teach reading at home.Of course,children shouldn't be pushed to read by their parents, but educators have discovered that reading is best taught individually--and the easiest place to do this is at home.Many fourand fiveyearolds who have been shown a few letters and taught their sounds will compose single words of their own with them even before they have been taught to read. \n Answer: Neither parents nor the school has any influence.",
            "output": [
                "What have researchers found out about the influence of parents and the school on children's intelligence?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9679fe89e27d44459ed212e1838b0060",
            "input": "Article: Welcome to Language upon Thames.  This brochure has been designed to give you an overview of our Language School and the courses we offer. If you have some additional questions please do not hesitate to contact us for more information.     At Language upon Thames, we feel it is important to be flexible, in order that students can decide what period of study suits them best.           Small Group General English Courses     These courses are aimed at students who wish to improve their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills and are offered at the following levels.     BEGINNERS     ELEMENTARY                                              PREINTERMEDIATE     UPPERINTERMEDIATE     Studying one of the above courses will enable you to use English more confidently and competently on a daily basis.     Try our free online test to see which level you are at--CLICK HERE.                         Exam Courses     These courses are aimed at students who wish to gain academic qualifications in English and are offered at the following levels.     University of Cambridge exams:     ADVANCED 1--FCE (First certificate)     ADVANCED 2--CAE (Advanced)     ADVANCED 3--CPE (Proficiency)     Studying one of the above courses will enable you to continue your education or enter university in this country. (Students wishing to gain admission to a British university are normally required to have the Cambridge Proficiency Certificate.)            Speaking, Listening & Pronunciation      This course builds on communicative confidence and competence and is aimed at students who wish to develop the important skills of speaking and listening.      Emphasis is also placed on pronunciation, with activities designed to meet the needs of students of different nationalities, who need to focus on different areas.      CLICK HERE to register for a General English course.                       Other Languages      At Language upon Thames we offer a wide range of cafeterias, restaurants, shops and bars. Most importantly, we have foreign language classes of French, Japanese, German, Spanish and Italian during the day, evening or on a onetoone basis. \n Answer: English courses.",
            "output": [
                "What does this passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-75a13ef1bc7b47b6bb2d03f3af092433",
            "input": "Article: Treat with Respect The speed with which Man is changing the face of Earth has outstripped all the mighty processes of nature put together. In his haste to supply himself with increasing quantities of Earth's treasures he risks destroying one he greatly needs, his natural surroundings. Some countries set aside unspoiled areas of natural beauty. prefix = st1 /Canadahas the largest system of national parks in the world, 29 in all covering about 13 million hectares, preserving the different landscapes and the plant and animal life. Other countries are restoring areas which have been reduced to waste land by mining. At Broken Hill in Australiadrifting sand from rock crushing turned the area into a desert swept by sand storms. This is now being irrigated, fertilized and planted with grass and trees. In Great Britain quarries and gravel pits  are being filled in or made into lakes, industrial wasteland is being turned into playing fields and waste tips into sloping green hills. However Man tries to look after Earth, the fact is that he is using up at a great rate resources, especially fuel resources, which have taken millions of years to accumulate and which he cannot renew. Yet every day the Earth receives a huge supply of energy from the Sun. Man has made several experiments in using solar energy to heat furnaces , cookers, and water-distillers. In space technology, e.g. on satellites, solar cells convert  sunlight into electricity. Houses and offices have been designed which are centrally heated by water or air heated by the sunlight. When Man can trap and store this energy, so that he can use it exactly as he needs it, he will have not only an endless supply, but a clean and safe one. \n Answer: Energy from the Sun.",
            "output": [
                "According to this selected passage, which energy is considered to be endless, clean and safe?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e7c55633e46d4cb085709bdb40bce967",
            "input": "Article: FREE $ 10 Gift Card with ANY Purchase at CVS September 4, 2013 by Michelle New Plink members are invited to join and make any purchase at CVS to get a $10 gift card from your choice at places like Amazon.com, Target, Walmart, Kohls, Starbucks and more! Just sign up with Plink, then make your purchase. You'll receive 1,000 points in your Plink account --- enough to redeem   for a $10 gift card! * New Plink members only, one sign-up bonus per person. *Plink Member must link a credit or debit card and make a purchase at CVS by Sunday, 9/15 11:59 EST. * Purchase is necessary (after the member links a credit/ debit card to their Plink account) to qualify for the bonus 1,000 Plink Points by Sunday, 9/15 11:59 EST. *Bonus 1,000 Plink Points will be awarded within 7 business days of the transaction posting date. * CVS purchases that occur on 9/16 or later will not qualify the bonus. I happen to love Plink because they make it easy to earn without doing anything extra! \n Answer: Sign up with Plink.",
            "output": [
                "What is the first step to get the gift card?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1bf0adbb525c4a3b959f68f6f5d73b93",
            "input": "Article: Each year,millions of children around the world are unable to go to school.To draw attention to this widespread problem,the United Nations (UN) is putting education first.Recently,the UN screened a documentary film called Back to School.The film is the second in a series of documentaries   for the project Time for School. These films follow seven children from seven different countries.This 12year project began in 2003,when the children first started school.\"This is something we could do to help the education crisis in the world,\"said producer and writer Judy Katz.\"Documentary filmmakers can get deeply involved in a problem and do something about it.\" More than 100 million children will never set foot in a school.Sixty percent of those children are girls.Cheryl Faye,head of the UN Girls Education Initiative,spoke about the many factors that prevent girls from getting an education.One problem is the long distance many children must travel to get to school.Also,girls in many cultures are traditionally expected to marry early and work to help their families.\"We need to make a special effort for girls,\"Faye said. As part of the UN's Millennium goals,the organization wants every single child to get at least an elementary education by 2015. Students from Lawrence Middle School in New York were deeply moved after they saw the film.The seventhgrade class is raising money to help build a library on the outskirts of Nairobi,Kenya,where Joab--a child in the documentary--lives.The class teacher,Karen Weiner,and the class are known in their school as the \"Kenya crew\".All the kids were really happy to support Joab and said they felt great about their fundraising efforts.Like the seventhgraders at Lawrence Middle School,kids can work together to make a difference in places like Nairobi.By raising money for education,kids can help children on the other side of the world have a chance of a better,happier life. \n Answer: To raise awareness of the need for global education.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the UN screening the documentary film Back to School?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0c507f06ce3e4f42a2c57e1dd398b2d0",
            "input": "Article: Is there clear boundary between science and the liberal arts as a major for college students?  The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education is not an either / or proposition  , although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths) -related fields can make it seem that way. The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also stresses that the study of the humanities   and social sciences must remain central elements of America's educational system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative   leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the  great ideas of mankind over time provides. Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates' job prospects   as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under this circumstances, it's natural to look for what may appear to be the most \"practical\" way out of the problem. \"Major in a subject designed to get you a job\" seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as \"soft\" often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily. Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there is little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight - picked up from science, arts, and technology - to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the  United States. \n Answer: The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.",
            "output": [
                "What does the latest congressional report suggest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3cc12715553e4e51a0e1661af9be74a8",
            "input": "Article: Expressing emotions is important rather than hiding them or keeping them inside. Everyone feels negative emotions such as anger and needs to deal with them. But there are healthy ways to express anger and ways to control it. Shouting bad words at someone will hurt the other person or make them angry too. If you feel angry, it is best to think before you speak. Some people in the UK use the expression \"take a deep breath and count to 10\", meaning take a pause, breathe deeply and let yourself calm down instead of getting angry. Another expression people use to say they are controlling their anger is \"biting their lip\". This means not letting the bad words come out of their mouth. If you cannot think of anything but bad words, it is probably best to \"bite your lip.\" But sometimes letting all your anger out can be cathartic , as long as you do it at the right place and time. If you have just had a bad day, you could go into a room by yourself and scream or yell very loudly. Or if you want to hit someone or smash something, you could hit a pillow instead. Then after you let your frustration out this way, you'll be able to deal with your problems more calmly. If you do lose your temper with someone and swear at them, though, you need to apologize. One way to do this is to say \"pardon my French\". This expression has been used for many years as an apology for bad language. Then you can calmly explain what made you upset. \n Answer: It is no help at all.",
            "output": [
                "What does letting out your frustration help you to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f0c5cc9f2d36462d844ae24d63eed19b",
            "input": "Article: Many adults enjoy a cup of coffee to have extra energy on a sleepy morning, and astronauts are  no exception. But having a drink in space isn't as easy as it is on the earth. You have to come up  with a whole new way to drink, and that' s what scientists are trying to do.       \"The coffee would be very hard to control in a normal cup,\" said physics professor Mark Weislogel. \"You' d have to shake the cup toward your face and hope that some of the hot liquid floats toward your mouth. When it comes to guessing what liquids will do in new systems, we are often in the dark. \"      Weislogel believes that creating a big zero - gravity cup would help improve the lives of  astronauts in space,  so he and other researchers per formed a series of experiments with liquids on the International Space Station (ISS) to see how they move upwards on surfaces in zero gravity.      In one of the tests, they placed two surfaces very close together to create a very narrow tunnel. They  wanted to see if liquid would easily flow up the tunnel.  In another test ,  the researchers tried to figure out the best angle to place the narrow tunnel at so that the liquids would travel along the corners.       The end result is a cup that doesn't look like a normal coffee cup at all. One side of the cup has a very sharp angle and, in zero gravity, the liquid naturally \"flows\" up that angled side of the cup, right up to the drinker' s lips.       The zero-gravity coffee cup is currently being tested on the ISS by astronaut Don Pettit, who worked with the researchers and helped them invent it.  \" As you sip    ,  more liquid keeps coming ,  and you can enjoy your coffee in a weightless environment - clear down to the last drop, \" said Pettit, who thinks that future humans on Mars will be using this kind of cup to drink during celebrations ! \n Answer: The liquid in it will flow to the drinkers itself.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Weislogel's cup?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ee0f6ccbda924349b966fbb59f2d2a82",
            "input": "Article: Summer is slipping away from me.Some days, it makes me want to cry.Other days, I feel a sense of expectation within me just thinking about fall that makes me want to burst.Tonight, all five of us were in the family room doing our own things. At this moment, my littlest kid is my number one trouble and my number one joy.He has a tooth on the way and although it's such a tiny thing, it's causing so much grief.I'm holding him a lot and I'm not going to lie.I live for his afternoon nap  so I'm able to actually get dressed and use the restroom. The big E is starting school soon.The other day, I found myself a bit depressed about the end of summer and the beginning of another school year.I looked out of our front window with eyes that were heavy and a bit teary.Then, I suddenly realized just how silly this end of summer depression of mine is.I can't change time.But, I can change my emotions and my thoughts.I decided not to spend my final days of summer vacation walking around with a sad face.I decided to hug the last few days of summer and remind myself that before I know it, we will be back in our school routine and all will go well. This week we plan on meeting teachers.I'm taking my girl to have her nails done before her first day of kindergarten.We want to bake a few dozen cookies.We'll take our evening walks as usual and stay up late.And last but not least, I'll get school clothes ready, I'll pack lunches and write lunch notes, we'll read \"The Kissing Hand,\" like we normally do, and I'll tuck  my third grader and kindergartener in their little beds before the big first day. Thank you summer, you've been warm and wonderful, you've been sweet and sticky, you've been refreshing and exactly what we need.And your sunsets have been amazing, so thank you. \n Answer: Walk around with a depressed face.",
            "output": [
                "How will the author spend the final days of the summer vacation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3fa1d32d27c64dce85d672b4e22cc12a",
            "input": "Article: We offer a full range of services to make your IKEA experience more complete: Old Kitchen Removing Service Are you going to buy a brand-new kitchen in IKEA? So how to do with your old kitchen at home? Don't worry! IKEA is now providing professional _ and removing service for old kitchen to you. By this service you can have your new kitchen at home easily. (For service detail and charge please go to the staff of kitchen department.) Transport Service Need a way to get your new home-furnishings home? You can rent a transport or hire us to deliver it for you. Just talk to our Customer Service department for details. Return Policy As long as the items are undamaged, unassembled and unused, you could return them in their original package within 60days (IKEA FAMILY member within 180days) together with your original receipt/invoice (bank card POS receipt is needed if you have paid this way), we will refund you the same way as you have paid. Sorry, we cannot accept exchange or return of food, plants, liquid bathing products, AS-IS products, customized products, kitchen electrical appliance and all products that have already been cut, sewed or painted. \"The exchange and return policy above applies only to the products purchased from IKEA stores in mainland China.\" IKEA Restaurant/Cafe The restaurant/cafe serves both classic Swedish dishes and local favorites, and is one of the most popular areas of the whole IKEA store. Shopping at IKEA is fun and offers great value, but can also be hard work, so stop by and treat yourself to a refreshing drink and a bite to eat. \n Answer: The return service only goes for IKEA stores in mainland China.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from Return policy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fda0d2cdac9b4098a84b4b512f4fbc42",
            "input": "Article: I try not to be biased but I had my doubts about hiring Stevie. His social worker assured me that he would be a good, reliable busboy. But I had never had a mentally handicapped employee. He was short, a little fat, with the smooth facial features and thick-togued speech of Down's Syndrome . I thought most of my customers would be uncomfortable around Stevie, so I closely watched him for the first few weeks. I shouldn't have worried. After the first week, Stevie had my staff wrapped around his stubby little finger, and within a month my regular trucker customers had adopted him as their official truck stop mascot. After that, I really didn't care what the rest of the customers thought of him. He was like a 21-year-old in blue jeans and Nikes, eager to laugh and eager to please, but fierce in his attention to his duties. Every salt and pepper shaker was exactly in its place, not a bread crumb or coffee spill was visible when Stevie got done with the table. Our only problem was persuading him to wait to clean a table until after the customers were finished. Over time, we learned that he lived with his mother, a widow who was disabled. Money was tight, and _ . That's why the restaurant was a gloomy place that morning last August, the first morning in three years that Stevie missed work. He was at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester getting a heart surgery. His social worker said that people with Downs Syndrome often had heart problems at an early age and there was a good chance he would come through the surgery in good shape and be back at work in a few months. A ripple of excitement ran through the staff later that morning when word came that he was out of surgery, in recovery, and doing fine. Frannie, my head waitress, did a little dance when she heard the good news. Belle Ringer, one of our regular trucker customers, stared at her and asked, \"Okay, Frannie, what was that all about?\" \"We just got word that Stevie is out of surgery and going to be okay.\" \"I was wondering where he was. I had a new joke to tell him. What was the surgery about?\" Frannie quickly told Belle Ringer and the other two drivers sitting at his booth about Stevie's surgery, then sighed: \"Yeah, I'm glad he is going to be OK,\" she said. \"But I don't know how he and his Mom are going to handle all the bills. From what I hear, they're barely getting by as it is.\" Belle Ringer nodded thoughtfully, and Frannie hurried off to wait on the rest of her tables. After the morning rush, Frannie walked into my office. She had a couple of paper napkins in her hand. \"What's up?\" I asked. \"I cleared off that table where Belle Ringer and his friends were sitting after they left, and I found this. This was folded and tucked under a coffee cup.\" She handed the napkin to me, and three $20 bills fell onto my desk when I opened it. On the outside, in big, bold letters, was printed \"Something For Stevie\". That was three months ago. Today is New Year's day , the first day Stevie is supposed to be back to work. His placement worker said he had been counting the days until the doctor said he could work, I arranged to have his mother bring him to work, met them in the parking lot and invited them both to celebrate his day back. I took him and his mother by their arms. \"To celebrate you coming back, breakfast for you and your mother is on me.\" I led them toward a large corner booth. I could feel and hear truck customers and the rest of the staff following behind as we marched through the dining room. We stopped in front of the big table. Its surface was covered with coffee cups and dinner plates, all sitting slightly on dozens of folded paper napkins. \"First thing you have to do, Stevie, is clean up this mess,\" I said. Stevie looked at me, and then pulled out one of the napkins. It had \"Something for Stevie\" printed on the outside. As he picked it up, two $10 bills fell onto the table. Stevie stared at the money, then at all the napkins peeking from beneath the tableware, each with his name printed on it. I turned to his mother. \"There's more than $10,000 in cash and checks on that table, all from truckers and trucking companies that heard about your problems. Happy Thanksgiving!\" While everybody else was busy shaking hands and hugging each other, Stevie, with a big, big smile on his face, was busy clearing all the cups and dishes from the table. \n Answer: Stevie was mentally disabled",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author have doubts about hiring Stevie?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-997d5fd415534ba190b661ecb6ee4a8f",
            "input": "Article: One girl decided to study judo  although she had lost her left arm in a car accident. The girl began lessons with an old Japanese judo instructor. The girl was doing well. So she couldn't understand why, after three months of training, the instructor had taught her only one move. \"Instructor,\" the girl finally said, \"Shouldn't I be learning more moves?\" \"This is the only move you know, but this is the only move you'll ever need to know,\" the instructor replied. Not quite understanding, but believing in her teacher, the girl kept training. Several months later, the instructor took the girl to her first tournament. Surprising herself, the girl easily won her first two matches. The third match proved to be more difficult, but after some time, her opponent became impatient and charged. The girl skillfully used her one move to win the match. Still amazed by her success, the girl was now in the finals. This time, her opponent was bigger, stronger and more experienced. For a while, the girl appeared to be _ . Concerned that the girl might get hurt, the referee called a time-out. She was about to stop the match when the instructor intervened . \"No,\" the instructor insisted, \"Let her continue.\" Soon after the match restarted, her opponent made a serious mistake: she dropped her guard. Instantly, the girl used her move to pin her opponent. The girl had won the match and the tournament. She was the champion. On the way home, the girl and her teacher reviewed every move in each and every match. Then the girl gathered the courage to ask what was really on her mind. \"Instructor, how did I win the tournament with only one move?\" \"You won for two reasons,\" the teacher answered. \"First, you've almost mastered one of the most difficult throws in all of judo. Second, the only known defense for that move is for your opponent to grab your left arm.\" The girl's biggest weakness had become her biggest strength. \n Answer: She was disabled in an accident.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the girl?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-08462a67c7a846c9883fdb3642b1b9ac",
            "input": "Article: Todd McHugh doesn't think he is a hero, but police say the California teenager probably saved a mother and her two young children from serious injury or death last month. He pulled them out of their car, stuck on light-rail tracks in Folsom, California, about 90 seconds before a train smashed into it. McHugh, 17, was northbound on his way to meet friends when the silver car in front of him turned off the road, went into a ditch and jolted  to a stop on the tracks. McHugh jumped out of his vehicle and went to help. The driver, a woman who police say had fallen asleep, was behind the wheel and dazed. Her two daughters aged 7 and 10, were in the back seat, buckled  in. McHugh took the woman's hand and helped her from the car. She unbuckled the kids. Another driver who had pulled over to help shouted that a train was coming, McHugh recalled. Police said the other man ran along the tracks and tried to wave down the train. It was dark and there was a bend in the tracks. The train operator probably never saw him. McHugh said the driver applied the brakes, but the train was still going fast when it came up on them. The woman, her daughters and McHugh took shelter behind his truck as the train smashed into their car, dragging it down the tracks, the teenager said. The woman's car was destroyed. Officials said the train was damaged. But none of the crew and four passengers were injured. Police said the outcome could have been far worse: \"Had she sat there for another minute or two, she and her daughters could have been in that vehicle when the train struck it, and they could have been severely injured or killed.\" McHugh said he \"didn't do anything anyone else wouldn't have done.\" \n Answer: The woman and her daughters were unable to get out of the car by themselves.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8a69a9d575cb433580370d22b2a38240",
            "input": "Article: Most people don't know the true story of the little boy who came to be known as Douglas Craig. He was found wandering around the streets of Washington D.C. He could not hear or speak. Sometimes people pitied him and gave him food and clothing. If not, he ate what he could find in garbage cans.     It is said that a man named Craig found the little boy and took him to Dr. E. M. Gallaudet at Gallaudet College. Dr Gallaudet gave him the first name of Douglas, and the last name of Craig, after the man who found him.     Dr Gallaudet placed Douglas in the Kendall School, and he stayed there until he was old enough to work. He spent his life working in and around the halls of Gallaudet.     Once he courted   a black woman from Baltimore. Since his courtship required letter-writing, and he was illiterate, he had a student in the college act as his \"private secretary\". Though that relationship did not work out, he did finally marry. Later, he married a black deaf woman from Washington D.C. The wedding and reception took place in a church near the college.     The happy couple went to Baltimore for a honeymoon, but the honeymoon only lasted for one day. Their plans were cut short when Douglas's pocketbook containing about $300 was either lost or stolen.     Douglas never got very far from Washington D.C. and Gallaudet College was his world. He went to Norfolk, Virginia, once on a vacation, but he did not know what a vacation was. He spent the entire time working around the docks of Norfolk. He came home with a pocket of money, and told everyone that he had a fine vacation.     Douglas's last public duty was to raise the flag to the top of the new flagpole in front of College Hall. He died on February 11, 1936, but left a story at Gallaudet that would live forever. \n Answer: Craig's duty.",
            "output": [
                "What is the topic of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1bd2c7609f8f47c3b135006f8778ce45",
            "input": "Article: Does money buy happiness? Not! Ah, but would a little more money make us a little happier? Many of us smirk(,) and nod. There is, we believe, some connection between financial fitness and emotional fulfillment. Three in four American college students--nearly double the 1970 proportion-- now consider it \"very important\" or \"essential\" that they become \"very well off financially\". Money matters. But a surprising fact of life is that in countries where nearly everyone can afford life's necessities, increasing wealth matters surprisingly little. The connection between income and happiness is \"surprisingly weak,\" observed University of Michigan researcher Ronald Inglehart in one 16-nation study of 170,000 people. Once comfortable, more money provides diminishing returns . The second piece of pie, or the second $100,000, never tastes as good as the first. Even lottery winners and the Forbes' 100 wealthiest Americans surveyed by University of Illinois psychologist Ed Diener have expressed only slightly greater happiness than the average American. Making it big brings temporary joy. But in the long run wealth is like health: its complete absence can create suffering, but having it doesn't guarantee happiness. Happiness seems less a matter of getting what we want than of wanting what we have. Has our happiness, however, floated upward with the rising economic tide? Are we happier today than in 1940s, when two out of five homes lacked a shower or tub? Actually, we are not. Since 1957, the number of Americans who say they are \"very happy\" has declined from 35 to 32 percent. Meanwhile, the divorce rate has doubled, the teen suicide  rate has increased nearly three times, the violent crime rate has gone up nearly four times, and depression has mushroomed. Economic growth has provided no boost to human morale. When it comes to psychological well being, it is not the economy. I call this soaring wealth and shrinking spirit \"the American paradox.\" More than ever, we have big houses and broken homes, high incomes and low confidence, secured rights and reduced civility. We are good at making a living but often fail at making a life. We celebrate our prosperity  but long for a purpose. We treasure our freedoms but long for connection. In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger. \n Answer: In the long run, happiness grows with economy.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements best expresses the author's view?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e933afe91864f9095c66da207a63510",
            "input": "Article: An eighteen-year-old high school student from Utah won the top prize in the Intel Science Talent Search in the United States. The winner received a computer and a scholarship for a college education. More than 1,500students from across the country entered projects in the competition this year. Their research included chemistry, medicine, physics, mathematics, engineering, and computer science-almost every area of science. Forty students were invited to Washington, D.C. for the final judging. A group of scientists judged them on their research abilities, critical thinking skills and creativity. The judges also questioned the students about scientific problems before deciding on the winners. The top winner received 100,000 dollars for college. Shannon Babb of American Fork High School studied the water quality of tile Spanish Fork River in Utah for six years. She found that people have a harmful effect on the river through human activity, including agriculture. And she suggested ways to improve the water quality in the future. These include educating the public not to put household chemicals down the drains , which lead to the river eventually. Seventeen-year-old Yi Sun of the Hanker School in San Jose, California, earned the second place. He won a 75,000-dollar scholarship for new discoveries about a mathematical theory known as random walks. His work could help computer scientists and chemists. Yi Sun was born in China. The third-place winner was also seventeen and born in China. Yuan \"Chelsea\" Zhang of Montgomery Blair High School in Rockville, Maryland, won a 50,000-dollar scholarship. She researched the molecular genetics of heart disease. Her findings could aid the development of new medicines. The Intel Science Talent Search is the oldest science competition for high school students in the United States. It is 65 years old this year. Past winners have gone on to receive six Nobel prizes and other top honors in science and math. \n Answer: Most of the winners come from Asian countries.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the talent search project?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6594bc0ef84c43c58643e1e686f64103",
            "input": "Article: This was no ordinary class. The students who came together were all science or engineering professors at Cornell University. They had interrupted their research to accept an invitation to take part in an unusual experiment: \"an interesting week of poetry.\" This class was part of a study to answer the questions: Why is science difficult for many nonscience students? What can teachers learn about teaching if they take a class that is not in their field? The students in the poetry class listened to lectures and took notes. They had reading tasks and had to write three short papers. All students noticed one thing - the importance of spoken words. In science and engineering classes, the instructors put tables and drawings on the blackboard. But in this poetry class, the instructors just talked. They didn't write anything on the board. The scientists and engineers noticed one similarity between science and poetry. In both subjects, students need to find layers   of meaning . Some layers are simple, clean, and on the surface; other layers are deeper and more difficult. This search for different levels of meaning doesn't happen much in undergraduate  science classes, but it is important later, in graduate school. And it is always important in humanities . Both the poetry instructors and their students learned something about teaching from this experience. One poetry instructor, for example, now sees the importance of using informative as he teaches. Most of the scientists agreed on several points. First, humanities classes might help science students to see patterns and decide which information is important. Second, the poetry class was fun. One engineer decided, \"We need to change the way we teach engineering to make to make it an enjoyable experience for students.\" But perhaps the most important result of the experience was this; All of the professors began to think about how they teach and how they cam teach better. \n Answer: The students were studying science and humanities.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about this unusual class?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cf30bfca6aaa415681c9337463afa5c3",
            "input": "Article: China's auto   production is expected to grow by 20 percent in 2005 to 6 million vehicles  , possibly passing Germany as the world's No. 3 producer. China is the world's-fastest-growing auto market as rising incomes make it possible for millions to buy their cars. Foreign automakers are investing   billions of dollars in expanding production in China. Germany produced 5.5 million vehicles in 2004, the No. 3 producer behind the United States and Japan. London is quickly becoming a major cycling   city after the terrorist ( ) bombings on London's subway and bus system July 7, which killed 52 people. London Mayor Ken Livingstone wants to increase cycling 80% by 2010.  \"Cycling is the fastest, cheapest, most healthy and environmentally friendly way to get around London, and more and more people are taking it up,\" Livingstone said. \"The number of cyclists has doubled over the last five years, while those killed or seriously injured has fallen by 40%.\" Under the London Cycling Action Plan, Livingstone hopes to make London a world-class cycling city to reduce congestion   and pollution. London now has 273 miles of bike roads, half built since 2000. The goal is 560 miles by 2010. \n Answer: Because Chinese are getting higher incomes.",
            "output": [
                "Why is China the fastest-growing auto market?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6835f3de3b9b4d7fa70e8f48bbc62eb8",
            "input": "Article: Traffic problems are an everyday concern in many cities,including Washington,DC.A growing number of Washingtonians are turning to bicycles to get to and from work.In fact,the number of commuters who use bicycles has doubled in the city since 2007. Ralph Buehler teaches urban planning at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,popularly known as Virginia Tech.He has written a book about urban biking,called \"City Cycling\". He says there is a reason why urban bike tiding is now becoming more popular. \"Over the last 60 to 70 years.cities in the U.S.have been adapted to the automobile.\" \"Most cities took advantage of the money coming for the interstate highway system,from the federal government,starting in 1956.There was a 90 percent federal match so the cities only had to put up 10%.It was very tempting.\" In the years after World War Two,many Americans moved to suburban communities,just outside major cities,They decided to travel great distances to and from work in exchange for a home in the suburbs.Their cars became a symbol of freedom.  But today,many people believe they can save money by living in the city.  Greg Billing is with the Washington Area Bicyclist Association.\"When a person makes a change from 04 using a car to using a bike,they are saving anywhere between 8 or$9,000 a year.\"  Ralph Buehler says governments save money when people use bicycles.\"Building bicycling facilities is much cheaper than building and maintaining road facilities or public transport.\" Washington,DC has also taken steps to protect bike riders.It approved a safe passing law and created areas on the road between cars and bikes. The United States Census Bureau says 4%of the city's workers ride to work by bike.The only city on the East Coast with more bike commuters is New York. \n Answer: Bicycling to work in Washington,DC grows in popularity",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a1869fd83787428aa33daf2ac3df414b",
            "input": "Article: Close your eyes and picture the city of Paris.Now imagine the city without its most famous landmark:the Eiffel Tower. The unthinkable almost happened. When French engineer Gustave Eiffel built this tower for the Paris World's Fair of 1889,it was controversial.The iron structure contrasted sharply with the historic stone buildings of Paris.Eiffel's four-legged iron archway was supposed to last only 20 years.That's when Eiffel's permit to operate the building would expire and the city could choose to tear it down. Yet from the beginning.Eiffel had a strategy to save his building.If the Tower was linked  to important research,he reasoned,no one would dare to take it down.So he would make it a  grand laboratory for science. Scientific research began just one day after the Tower opened to the public on May 6,1889.Eiffel installed a weather station on the Tower's third(and highest)floor.He connected  instruments by wire to the French weather bureau in Paris.With these,he measured wind speed  and air pressure. In 1903,still worried that his building might be torn down,Eiffel got a clever idea.He  asked the French military to conduct its own research on radio communications at the Tower.He even paid the army's costs. French army captain Gustave Ferrie worked from a little wooden house at the base of the  Tower's southern pillar.From there,he made radio contact with forts around Paris.Convinced of the importance of radio communications,the army set up a permanent radio station at the  Tower.In 1910,the city of Paris renewed the structure's permit for another 70 years. This year marks the iconic structure's 125th birthday.Over the years,research conducted  there has brought dramatic and unexpected payoffs.During World War I,for instance,the French army used the Tower as a giant ear to receive radio messages.It even led to the arrest of one of the war's most famous spies. \n Answer: The Eiffel Tower was almost torn down.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mean by\"The unthinkable almost happened\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bbeebd4edda14bffba670a9ea91cc889",
            "input": "Article: Catch yourself daydreaming while washing the dishes again? If this happens often you probably have a pretty capable working memory and a sharper brain, new research suggests. This mind wandering, it seems, actually gives your working memory a workout. Working memory is the mental work space that allows the brain to _ multiple thoughts at the same time. The more working memory a person has, the more daydreaming they can do without forgetting the task at hand. Researchers studied groups of people from the University of Wisconsin-Madison community, ranging in age from 18 to 65. The volunteers were asked to perform simple tasks, like pressing a button every time they took a breath or clicking in response to a letter popping up on a computer screen; these tasks were so easy that their minds were likely to wander, the researchers figured. The researchers checked in periodically, asking the participants if their minds were on task or wandering. When the task was over, they measured each participant's working memory capacity by having them remember letters while doing math questions. Though all participants performed well on the task, the researchers noticed that the individuals who indicated their minds had wandered more than others also scored higher on the working memory test. \"What this study seems to suggest is that, when circumstances for the task aren't very difficult, people who have additional working memory resources allocate them to think about things other than what they're doing,\" said Jonathan Smallwood, a study researcher of the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitve and Brain Science. When our minds run out of working memory, these off-topic thoughts can take the main stage without us consciously meaning them to; for instance, arriving at home with no memory of the actual trip, or suddenly realizing that they've turned several pages in a book without understanding any of the words. \"It's almost like your attention was so absorbed in the mind wandering that there wasn't any left over to remember your goal to read,\" study researcher Daniel Levinson, said in a statement. People with overall higher working memory were better able to stay focused when the task at hand required it. Those who had low working memory often had their thoughts drift away from the task, and did less well at it. The findings add to past research suggesting these mind drifts can be positive moments. For instance, daydreaming has often been associated with creativity--researchers think that our most creative and inventive moments come when daydreaming. It's likely that the most intelligent among us also have high levels of working memory, Levinson noted. \n Answer: Dealing with some easy jobs, people with higher working memory will daydream.",
            "output": [
                "What can be concluded from Jonathan Smallwood's words?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe73ce940af84035a269372317571e8b",
            "input": "Article: Our magazine is presenting to you the top five i-phone(the best seller of Apple Company) applications for more fun on hiking  or camping trips recommended by our A-list field hikers and travelers. 1.GPS Kit by Garafa - Get un-lost (for $10) What it does: Download before you leave or use your phone's data connection to view maps from Google (satellite, landscape, cycling, and street), or Bing (shaded relief, street, or image).Record your movements, drop notes or photo makers on previously-downloaded Google Earth. 2.Photosynth _ - Perfect the view (for free!) What it does: Make interactive 360 x360  panoramas  to your own taste.It saves the panorama as a single image to your camera roll after combining images.Once you get to know how to hold the iPhone and move to take the photos, you can have pretty simple, fast panoramas! 3.Soundcloud by Soundcloud - Share the sounds (for free!) What it does: Basic sound recorder with on-board editing (cutting) functions.Upload your recordings to the internet, share on social networks and listen to and follow others! It allows for super-simple recording and uploading to the internet.You can upload all the sounds as \"non-shared' files so you can download them to your computer for continued storage and editing.In addition, with this function, you will never fear your dirty laundries are to put you to shame.There is a growing community of users, including Paul Salopek who is walking around the world. 4.Postagram _ - Send moments (App is free!/$1 per card) What it does: The app allows personalized production of e-postcards right from your iPhone.Even photos pop out from the card for sweet fridge posting! There aren't many post offices out in the mountains, so this can be critical to send a gift home.And even if there are post offices where you are traveling, sometimes it's easier, cheaper, and more fun to send your own DIY messages home. 5.Planets by Q Continuum - Love the night sky (for free!) What it does: With automatic location detection , this basic App offers 2D maps and 3D maps of the sky for identifying planets and stars, gives you the rise/set visibility information for the sun and planets, and even has a few facts and visualizations of the moon and planets.Don't forget to download it into your i-phone. \n Answer: Planets",
            "output": [
                "Through which application can you receive greetings from a faraway place instantly?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f2be2d72717471b97e1d1b76912ff59",
            "input": "Article: Everyone, please imagine, a big explosion breaks out as the plane takes us high in the sky. The plane is full of smoke and the engine sounds scary. Two minutes later, the engines are turned off. We are now sitting in a plane with no sound. And we can see: Life is over. That really happened. In January 2009, I had a front-row seat on Flight 1549, the plane that crash-landed in the Hudson River in New York. Now let me tell you the three things I learned when the silence came. First, I thought about all the people I wanted to reach out to but didn't. I thought about all the experiences I wanted to have but never did. I no longer wanted to put off anything in life. Second, I really regretted the time I wasted on things that did not matter. I decided to remove negative energy from my life. Third, I realized, wow, dying was not scary. But it was very sad just because I only wished I could have seen my kids grow up. Fortunately, I was given the gift of a miracle of not dying that day. I was given another gift, with which I was to see into the future and come back and live differently. About a month later, my wife and I were at a performance by my daughter, not much artistic talent. Yet, I'm crying. I realized that above all, the only goal in my life was to be a good father. Audience, again, imagine the same thing happening on your plane. How would you change? What would you get done? And more than anything, are you being the best parent you can? Thank you. \n Answer: What I learned from the air crash.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dbc8467c64564a049bd79858f2ce6da6",
            "input": "Article: Mr. Hungerton, her father, really was absolutely centered upon his own silly self. If anything could have driven me from Gladys, it would have been the thought of such a father-in-law. I am convinced that he really believed in his heart that I came round to the Chestnuts three days a week for the pleasure of his company, and very especially to hear his views upon bimetallism  . For an hour or more that evening I listened to his tiring talk about bad money driving out good, and the true standards of exchange. \"Suppose,\" he cried, \"that all the debts in the world were called up at once, and immediate payment insisted upon,--what under our present conditions would happen then?\" I gave the self-evident answer that I should be a ruined man, upon which he jumped from his chair, scolding me for my thoughtless quickness, which made it impossible for him to discuss any reasonable subject in my presence. At last I was alone with Gladys, and the moment of Fate had come! She sat with that proud, delicate figure of hers outlined against the red curtain. How beautiful she was! Gladys was full of every womanly quality. I was about to break the long and uneasy silence, when two critical, dark eyes looked round at me, and the proud head was shaken disapprovingly. \"I have a feeling that you are going to propose, Ned. I do wish you wouldn't; for things are so much nicer as they are.\" I drew my chair a little nearer. \"Now, how did you know that I was going to propose?\" I asked in wonder. \"Don't women always know? Do you suppose any woman in the world was ever taken unawares? But--oh, Ned, our friendship has been so good and so pleasant! What a pity to spoil it! Don't you feel how splendid it is that a young man and a young woman should be able to talk face to face as we have talked?\" She had sprung from her chair, as she saw signs that I proposed to announce some of my wants. \"You've spoiled everything, Ned,\" she said. \"It's all so beautiful and natural until this kind of thing comes in! It is such a pity! Why can't you control yourself?\" \"But why can't you love me, Gladys? Is it my appearance, or what?\" \"No, it isn't that.\" \"My character?\" She nodded severely. \"What can I do to mend it?\" She looked at me with a wondering distrust which was much more to my mind than her whole-hearted confidence. \"Now tell me what's amiss with me?\" \"I'm in love with somebody else,\" said she. It was my turn to jump out of my chair. \"It's nobody in particular,\" she explained, laughing at the expression of my face: \"only an ideal. I've never met the kind of man I mean.\" \"Tell me about him. What does he look like?\" \"Oh, he might look very much like you.\" \"How dear of you to say that! Well, what is it that he does that I don't do? I'll have a try at it, Gladys, if you will only give me an idea what would please you.\" \"Well, it is never a man that I should love, but always the glories he had won; for they would be reflected upon me. Think of Richard Burton! When I read his wife's life of him I could so understand her love! And Lady Stanley! Did you ever read the wonderful last chapter of that book about her husband? These are the sort of men that a woman could worship with all her soul, and yet be the greater, not the less, on account of her love, honored by all the world as the inspirer of noble deeds.\" \"And if I do----\" Her dear hand rested upon my lips. \"Not another word, Sir! You should have been at the office for evening duty half an hour ago; only I hadn't the heart to remind you. Some day, perhaps, when you have won your place in the world, we shall talk it over again.\" \n Answer: To discuss the present economy with Gladys",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer often come round to the Chestnuts?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-56c6d8522c97460daae0712e85a79b07",
            "input": "Article: How did it make you feel when you learned that KFC'S Beijing restaurants pulled three more items from their menus last week? There were fears that the items may have contained the cancer-causing coloring Sudan I.Do you have any desire to take the food provider to court because it feeds you something dangerous? After all,the law supposedly gives people the right to fight for their rights.But some experts have said it might not be so wise to take the company directly to court. Qiu Baochang,a lawyer in Beijing,suggested that consumers not take the company directly to court.\"In addition to the high costs,consumers'complaints are unlikely to win unless they can prove they have had the banned dye at KFC,\"--Qiu explained. One problem for those wanting to take action against the fast food chain is that few customers ask for or keep receipts .And,this must be the first step. If they can prove that their health has been damaged by KFC,they can cue the company.But that would be almost impossible to do so because the Sudan I damage is a long-term effect and is not immediately apparent. A KFC spokesperson said on Monday that the company was confdent of being able to handle customers'complaints,\"We will obey legal procedure if We raceive any complaints.\" \n Answer: Because coloring Sudan I may have been contained in those items.",
            "output": [
                "Why did KFC's Beijing restaurants pull three more items from their menus?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e21a14f29d544fa0afb63d09b2ac1954",
            "input": "Article: Henderson Island is a coral island raised above the South Pacific Ocean, No people live on it. The island is 9. 6 km long and 5. 1 km wide. It has an area of 37, 3 square kilometers. It became a World Heritage Site in 1988 because of its bird life.     All the four kinds of special land birds can only be seen on Henderson Island. There are also fifteen non-local seabirds. Other local things include nine kinds of plants, four kinds of land snails, and one butterfly. Although no people live on the island, archaeological   evidence suggests that a small Polynesian group lived here between the 12th and 15th centuries until it disappeared. The reasons for its disappearance are unknown, but are probably related to the similar disappearance of the Polynesians on Pitcairn Island. Then Hendersonians would have depended on them for many of the basics of life.     On January 29* 1606, Henderson Island was discovered by Portuguese sailor Pedro Fermandes, who named it San Joao Baptista. On January 17, 1819, the island was rediscovered by British Captain Henderson, who named it Henderson Island. On March 2* 1819* Captain Henry King, sailing on the Elizabeth, landed on the island to find the Union flag already flying. His crew scratched the name of their ship on a tree, and for some years the name of the island was Elizabeth or Henderson. In the early 1980's, American businessman Arthur expressed interest in buying Henderson Island, and establishing a small settlement with an airport, farm and large houses. But the British government refused it at last* after environmentalist groups persuaded them to protect the natural ecology and environment of the island which became a World Heritage Site later. \n Answer: A British captain.",
            "output": [
                "Who gave the Henderson Island its present name?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f72adc6d681446dd9520bbabb973f350",
            "input": "Article: From a college designed specifically for high school students to one that doesn't provide students with grades, here are some of the country's most unique institutions. *Berea College, Berea, Kentucky The first interracial, co-educational college in the South, Berea specializes in attracting students who may be otherwise unable to afford a college education. Berea students come from families with an average household income of $30,000, which is why the school's financial aid program is so important. *Deep Springs College, Deep Springs, California Deep Springs, formerly an all-male school, has one of the smallest student bodies in the country at 26. The college accepts only 10% of its applicants, and maintains its own cattle herd. Students enjoy the school's isolated location -- 45 miles away from the nearest established town. Electricity is produced mainly through solar power, and the college sometimes even sells electricity to Pacific Gas & Electric. *The Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington At Evergreen, students don't receive traditional letter grades. Instead, professors issue narrative   evaluations of students' work at the end of each term. The curriculum is structured around the \"Coordinated Studies Program\", which focuses on providing students with a well-rounded education across a number of different areas. The college sits on 1,000 breathtaking acres, a portion of it on Puget Sound. *Hampshire College, Amherst, Massachusetts Considered an \"experimenting\" college because of its constantly changing curriculum, Hampshire College doesn't feature a traditional grading system. Instead, the school requires students to complete three different divisions, which feature different classes. Once the project is completed, it's not given a grade, but a written evaluation, as other projects students complete throughout their time at Hampshire are. \n Answer: Berea College.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following suits students from families with a lower income?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c9ba97b217641949d94d2e65570058f",
            "input": "Article: On the day of college graduation,I told my friends and family the news:I was leaving the country I had lived in since childhood.''I just need a change,\"I told them,but there was more.I was running from heartbreak.My relationship with the United States is the most tough one I have ever had,as a country I loved and believed in did not love me back.     Back in the 90's,my mother brought me from our home in the Caribbean islands to the U.S.when I was 4 years old.She worked as a live-in nanny for two years,playing mommy for white kids whose parents had better things to do.She didn't believe that nanny meant maid,and did whatever was asked of her.She was thirsty to embrace her American dream,hoping that her children would be educated and she might have nannies of her own.     That was our path--get a \"good education.\" When the neighborhoods with quality schools became too expensive for my mom to afford as a single parent,we went across the United States with GreatSchools. net as our compass:New Jersey,elementary school;Texas,middle school;Florida,high school;New York City,private university.      For a long time I survived by covering myself in all kinds of labels so that people would ignore the color1 of my skin,yet I existed on the edge of ugly,ignorant and uncuhured.\"Black people don't really know how to swim,\"a white lady told me when I worked as a swim instructor at my neighborhood's pool.\"The black children don't like to read very much,\" I overheard one librarian discussing with another while l sat down reading a book a couple feet away.      I was never able to make America my home.When I stripped myself of the labels painfully one by one,beneath them there is a wounded color1ed woman who refuses to be faceless anymore.My face may be disgusting to some since it bears proof that race continues to be a problem.My hope is that it will force Americans to reexamine their \"post--racial\" beliefs. \n Answer: She was tired of living in a strange country.",
            "output": [
                "What was the real reason that made the author leave the United States?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dd58962b588d4708a72f9c2bef194d94",
            "input": "Article: International Exchange Programme The application form for participation on the exchange programme for 2016/17 can be found in Application Procedures. Applying Qualification--Current Queen Mary undergraduate students(with the exception of students in Biomedical Sciences,Chemistry,Dentistry and Medicine)have qualifications to apply. Law Students--Students enrolled in The School of Law should contact Sheila Shirley(s.shirley@qmul.ac.uk)for details of study abroad opportunities. English and Drama Studen--Students cannot study abroad for the full academic year. Students will be able to spend only the autumn semester studying at one of our exchange partners* Applications A complete application will consist of the two-page application form,a personal statement and a supporting academic reference.Students should follow these application procedures. Applicants must ensure they have spoken to their departmental study abroad instructor before submitting their application.Applications can be submitted in person at The Study Abroad Office(E09,Ground Floor,Queens'Building)or by email to h.gibney@qmul.ac.uk New Exchange Partners for 2016/2017 For 2016/17 we hope to offer students the opportunity to study abroad at the following new partners:The University of Pennsylvania--UPenn(USA),The University of Sydney(Australia) and Waseda University(Japan).Should we be unable to send students to any of these new institutions on exchange,and if you intend to include one or more of these destinations with your application,please provide at least one alternative destination from the list of other partner programmes. \n Answer: Students in English and Drama",
            "output": [
                "Who can apply for the exchange programme?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-afe56951948f464fa0121e3d04bf5a43",
            "input": "Article: Jonny Jones was a nice and popular boy, who everyone loved.He was so much fun, so good and so kind to everyone that they treated him wonderfully. But as everything he needed was given to him without asking, Jonny became a _ . He was so spoiled by everyone that he couldn't stand any hardship. One day Johnny heard a mother saying to her son \"Come on, my boy, get up and stop crying. You are behaving like Johnny Jones.\" That made Johnny feel very ashamed. But he was sure that he would prefer to be known as a good boy rather than a fool. Worried, he spoke to his father about all this, though he was afraid that maybe he would be laughed at for having such worries. His father, far from laughing at Johnny, told him that a teacher had taught him a secret trick to turn him into the toughest boy off all. \"Eat a candy less, study a minute more, and count to five before crying.\" Johnny asked, \"Just that? \" \"Yes, just that,\" said his father, \"It's very simple, but I warn you that it won't be easy.\" Johnny was happy like a bird, ready to follow the advice. He went to see his mother, and she noticed how happy he was when she offered him candies. \"One candy less\", thought Johnny, so he only took one. That afternoon he had another chance to put it into practice by studying one minute more. The result was that he missed the first minute of his favorite program! But having achieved this gave him a great feeling of satisfaction. The same happened when he ran up against the corner of the kitchen table. He only managed to count to four before crying, but that was left deeply in his mother's memory. Over the following days Johnny kept using the motto in his life as his father told him. And the more he put this into practice ,the easier it got. Before long he realized that he could also do things that would seem impossible before. \n Answer: Learn to control oneself and keep using the motto in life.",
            "output": [
                "What is the key point of the advice from Jonny's father?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a5d175dfd6e2437bb3160704fbab95dc",
            "input": "Article: Teachers and parents usually call attention to the pictures when they read storybooks to pre-school children. But a new study suggests that calling attention to the words and letters on the page may lead to better readers. The two-year study compared children who were read in this way in class with children who were not. Those whose teachers most often discussed the print showed clearly higher skills in reading, spelling and understanding. These results were found one year and even two years later. Shayne Piasta, an assistant professor of teaching and learning at Ohio State University, was an author of the study. She says most pre-school teachers would find this method manageable and would need only a small change in the way they teach. They already read story-books in class. The only difference would be increased attention to the printed text. \"If you get children to pay attention to letters and words, it makes sense that they will do better at word recognition and spelling.\" But she says research suggests that very few parents and teachers do this in a systematic way. More than 300 children aged four and five were observed in classrooms. They came from poor families and were below average in their language skills. For thirty weeks, the children took part in a program called Project STAR--- Sit Together and Read. The project is based at Ohio State. It tests the short-term and long-term results of reading regularly to pre-school children in their classrooms. There are different ways that adults can talk to children about print. They can point to a letter and discuss it, and even trace the shape with a finger. They can point out a word and discuss the meaning of the print or how the words tell the story. And they can talk about the organization of the print--- for instance, showing how words are written left to right in English. \n Answer: More attention is paid to the pictures ,with words and letters being ignored.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the ways pre-school children are usually taught?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dc1fd69f1d4b4712b03bfda774262648",
            "input": "Article: The man who learned to fly It is publicly accepted that it was the Wright brothers that invented the plane, but actually George Cayley knew how to make a plane a century before the Wright brothers took off. If only he'd got the internal combustion  engine to work. During the 18thand 19thcenturies, scientists and the public all believed that it was only impossible to fly using an artificial wing, but an act of silly deed to suggest that you could. This did not discourage the English gentleman scientist George Cayley, even though his contemporaries --- including his own son--- were embarrassed by his efforts. In 1799, Cayley carved a silver disc with one side bearing a design for the world's first aeroplane and the other illustrating the earliest published description of the aerodynamic forces on the wing that enable a plane to fly. His three--part essay Aerial Navigation, published in 1809 and 1810, was greeted with skepticism  by his contemporaries. But Cayley \"didn't give a rat's ass\" about what they all thought, according to Richard Dyde of York University in Ontario, Canada, author of The Man Who Discovered Flight--- and with good reason. He had completed a series of experiments to back up his theories and \"was convinced that everyone else was wrong\". Cayley constructed increasingly excellent model flying machines, and finally invented a full-scale glider, which was flown in 1853 by his grandson, George. This pioneering work would prove inspirational to Orville and Wilbur Wright, who made the first controlled and sustained  heavier-than-air human flight 50 years later. Their success was dependent on the recent invention of the internal combustion engine--- a device which Cayley, having realized its great importance, had spent many fruitless years trying to develop. \n Answer: Because he didn't have a pilot.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't George Cayley make his plane fly?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e18b3d18314b476db757dbec809e95b7",
            "input": "Article: The Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution has just published a report on new materials and has looked at the case of nanotechnology , which describes the science of the very small. Nanotechnology covers those man-made materials or objects that are about a thousand times smaller than the microtechnology we use, such as the silicon chips of computers. Nanotechnology gets its name from the nanometer, which is a billionth of a meter. There are about 600 consumer products already on the market that use nanotechnology. Nanomedicine is also being developed to fight cancer and other fatal diseases. The Royal Commission found no evidence of harm to health or the environment from nanomaterials, but this \"absence of evidence\" is not being taken as \"evidence of absence\". In other words, just because there are no apparent problems, this is not to say that here is no risk now or in the future. The commission is concerned about the pace at which we are inventing and adopting new nanomaterials, which could result in future problems that we are ill-equipped to understand or even find with current testing methods. One of the problems about nanotechnology is that when we make something very small out of a well known material, we may actually change the functionality of that material even if the chemical composition remains the same. Indeed, it is not the particle size that should concern us, but its functionality. Take gold, for example, which is a famously inert   substance, and valuable because of it. It doesn't rust or corrode because it doesn't interact with water or oxygen. However, a particle of gold that is between 2 and 5 nanometers in diameter becomes highly reactive. This is not due to a change in chemical composition, but because of a change in the physical size of the gold particles. How can a change in size result in a change of function? One reason is to do with surface area. Nanoparticles have relatively a much bigger surface area. It is like comparing the surface area of a basketball with the total surface area of many pea-sized balls with the same weight of the single basketball. The pea-sized balls have a surface area many hundreds, indeed thousands of times bigger than the basketball, and this allows them to interact more easily with the environment. It is this increased interactivity that changes their functionality--and makes them potentially more dangerous to health or the environment. \n Answer: expand surface area -increase interactivity - change functionality-cause possible dangers",
            "output": [
                "Which process explains that there might be risks in nanotechnology?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6164c957e7414a55a7e1d6b57cee252b",
            "input": "Article: The Lego Group had a very low beginning in the workshop of Ole Kirk Christiansen,a carpenter from Denmark.Christiansen began creating wooden toys in 1932.Two years later, he came upon the Lego name by putting together the first two letters of the Danish words Leg and Godt,which mean \"play well.\"The name could be interpreted as \"I put together\" in Latin;it is also similar to the Greek verb meaning \"gather\" or \"pick up\". In 1947,the company enlarged to making plastic toys.At first,the use of plastic for toy production was not highly regarded by salesmen and consumers of the time.Many of the Lego Group's shipments were returned,following poor sales.However, Christiansen's son,Godtfred Kirk Christiansen,saw the great potential in Lego bricks to become a system for creative play-As the junior managing director of the Lego Group,he spent years trying to improve the \"locking\" ability of the bricks and made the bricks more versatile .In 1958, the modem interlocking brick design was finally developed and patented . Today Lego is sold in more than 1 30 countries.Every minute 33,824 Lego bricks are made,and kids around the world spend 5 billion hours a year playing with Lego.There will be more than 400 million people playing with Lego bricks this year.On average,every person in the world owns 62 Lego bricks,and about seven Lego sets are sold every second. This year Lego fans all over the world are celebrating the 50th anniversary of the tiny building blocks.Though already 50 years old,Lego is still the same product it was in the 1950s. Bricks bought then are still compatible  with present bricks and that is probably the reason the toy has never fallen out of favor. \n Answer: It came from Danish words meaning \"play\" and \"well.\"",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about the name Lego?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a4da0144ad4545f1bc211b39c55c0481",
            "input": "Article: The high cost of living in Sydney causes city parents to worry more about their children. New research by the Financial Services Council (FSC)shows that 75% of metropolitan mums and dads say their ability to earn is important to the well-being of their kids, Tet a greater proportion of Sydney parents think children suffer emotionally by having two full-time working parents .AS a result 46%of Sydneysiders feel their Kids could be happier , against 38%of both Melbourne and regional New South Wales mums and dads. The FSC research ,which interviewed 1200 parents across the country ,also shows 66% of Sydneysiders believe the happiness of their children would be greatly affected if they or their partner couldn't work. The FSC undertook the survey as part of its Lifewise campaign ,to encourage Australians to protect themselves against financial hardship. Chairman of the Lifewise campaign John Crosswell said:\"The research findings quite clearly highlight that Sydney parents prioritise  their ability to earn money and yet because they are so busy doing so, it seems that their ability to spend time with their family is affected .Sydney parents are dedicated to earning money but as a consequence, perhaps they don't have the time to enjoy spending it with their family.\" In sydney ,the top factor for creating an ideal childhood is financial security ,at 92%.Fewer parents rate having a tigh-knit family(89%)or living near friends and family (85%)as important. David and Ari Dearnley ,of North Manly ,said money pressure was hard to avoid in Sydney ,They both work and said family finances would be severely hard if one of them couldn't But only Mrs Dearnly has income-protection insurance, \"I think that I don't really need it yet\",Mr Dearnly ,37, said. \"I think he's mad\",Mrs Dearnly ,also 27 ,said,\"If David couldn't work it would have a huge impact on our lifestyle.\" \"Looks like I'll be getting _ tomorrow,\"Mr Dearnly responded. \n Answer: A comparison between Sydney people and those of other cities on their views about earning money",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2f5a52229ca4d2bbbe89d7df7ab7c6d",
            "input": "Article: I have a friend named John Roberts who owns a horse ranch  in San Ysidro.The last time I was there he shared a story with me. \"It is a story about a young man who was the son of an itinerant horse trainer. When he was a senior,he was asked to write a paper about what he wanted to be and do when he grew up.\" That night he wrote a seven-page paper describing his goal of someday owning a horse ranch. He wrote about his dream in great detail and he even drew a diagram of a 200-acre ranch, showing the location of all the buildings,the stables and the track. \"The next day he handed it in to his teacher. Two days later he received his paper back. On the front page was a large red F with a note that read, 'See me after class.'\" \"The boy went to see the teacher after class and asked, 'Why did I receive an F?'\" \"The teacher said, 'This is an unrealistic dream for a young boy like you. You have no money. You come from an itinerant family. You have no resources. Owning a horse ranch requires a lot of money. You have to buy the land. You have to pay for the original breeding stock and later you'll have to pay large stud fees. There's no way you could ever do it.' Then the teacher added, 'If you will rewrite this paper with a more realistic goal, I will reconsider your grade.'\" \"The boy went home and asked his father what he should do. His father said, 'Look, son, you have to make up your own mind on this. However, I think it is a very important decision for you.'\" \"Finally,after sitting with it for a week, the boy turned in the same paper, making no changes at all. He stated, 'You can keep the F and I'll keep my dream.'\" John continued, \"I tell you this story because you are sitting in the middle of my 200-acre horse ranch. I still have that school paper framed over the fireplace.\" He added, \"If I had changed my paper at that time, maybe we would not have the chance to be here talking about the dreams .\" \n Answer: to own a horse ranch",
            "output": [
                "What was the boy's goal described in his seven-page paper?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fb956dd7a37a4f52abad426263d4890f",
            "input": "Article: A great deal of attention should be paid to the choosing of a vacation destination. Here are four of the must-see attractions in Alberta, Canada. The Banff Gondola The entire Banff area is a destination filled with wonderful things to do, but one of the best things to do is ride the Banff Gondola  . This gondola takes visitors high above the beautiful scenery of the area, giving them wonderful views and photographic opportunities. The ride is also thrilling with a steady altitude change as the vehicle gets higher and higher. The Calgary Stampede The Calgary Stampede is one of the best events in Alberta. It has been taking place for a very long time. The entire event is worth the effort in going, everything from the opening parades and celebrations to the later events and competitions. Johnston Canyon   For those wanting to experience some of the beautiful natural surroundings that are offered in Alberta, a visit to Johnston Canyon is a must. In this canyon, there are a number of impressive waterfalls available. They are very easy to approach. Miette hot springs  The number one attraction there at the Miette Hot Springs is the hot springs themselves. The pools are filled with water straight from the springs and are very clean. There is plenty of room to swim and play. There are also quiet spots to relax and enjoy some quiet time. For those without a strict schedule, staying at the hot springs for a night or two is a great choice. \n Answer: Enjoy scenery from above.",
            "output": [
                "What can visitors do when they ride the Banff gondola?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3ecec8f2127e4b9cb48ce3fb9f2bfd76",
            "input": "Article: On a flight from Johannesburg, a middle-aged rich white South African lady had found herself sitting next to a black man. She called the cabin crew attendant over to complain  about her seat. \"What seems to be the problem, Madam?\" asked the attendant. \"Can't you see?\" She said, \"You have seated me next to a black person! I can't possibly sit next to this kind of person. Find me another seat!\" \"Please calm down, Madam,\" the stewardess replied. \"The flight is very full today, but I will tell you what I will do---- I will go and check to see if we have any seats available  in club or first class.\" The woman glanced at the angry black man beside her. A few minutes later, the stewardess returned with the good news, which she delivered to the lady. \"Madam, unfortunately, as I expected, economy is full. I have spoken to the cabin services director, and club is also full. However, we do have one seat in first class.\" Before the lady had a chance to answer, the stewardess continued, \"It is most extraordinary to make this kind of upgrade, however, and I have had to get special permission from the captain. But, learning this condition, the captain felt that it was shocking that someone should be forced to sit next to such a tiring person.\" Having said that, the stewardess turned to the black man sitting next to the lady, and said, \"So if you'd like to get you things, sir, I have your seat ready for you...\" At this point, obviously the surrounding passengers stood and gave an applause while the black man walked up to the front of the plane. \n Answer: Because she didn't want to sit in club.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the lady complain about her seating?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f328008f5cec4e1e9aed13eebc204f78",
            "input": "Article: Traveling should be easy and enjoyable, and one of the ways to make sure your trip remains fun is to know exactly how to keep your valuables safe. If you are traveling alone, distribute your money through your luggage. Place most of it in your main suitcase or bag. Make a rough estimate of how much money you will spend on the journey, till you reach your destination. Place this money in a different wallet and carry this in your pocket. Spend from this pocket till you get to your destination. If you are travelling with someone, distribute the money among yourselves. Instead of wearing your jewels, you can put your jewels at the bottom of your suitcase or bag. DO NOT carry in your purse, just in case it is stolen; or in case you misplace your purse. In addition, if you are going to be frequently opening your purse for things like tickets and phone numbers, what if you accidently just drop them. Have you ever seen a mini backpack purse? It looks really fashionable and is very smart. Plus, It's really convenient to use. The best thing to do is to hang the mini backpack purse in the front, like a baby carrier. There are two big advantages to do this; one, your hands remain free to carry your luggage and other things; and two, your purse is always monitored, and is just under your nose! Credit cards are very useful in many ways. But if you misplace your credit card, it is quite easy for someone else to find it and use it to his/ her maximum benefit before you even realize you have lost it! If you lose cash, you lose only that much cash as you are carrying. But a lost credit card means the money in your bank account is lost. So always try to use cash instead of credit card while traveling \n Answer: Putting your jewels in your wallet.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statement does the author probably disagree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8bca47a406eb4c10b75ec0ab7fdc974d",
            "input": "Article: Many jobs must be done with two people. One person takes the lead. The other helps. So it is with the human body. Much of our body depends on the cooperation between substances. When they work together, chemical reactions take place smoothly. Body systems are kept in balance. Some of the most important helpers in the job of good health are the substances we call vitamins. The word \"vitamin\" dates back to Polish scientist Casimir Funk in 1912. He was studying a substance in rice. Funk believed the substance belonged to a group of chemicals known as amines  . He added the Latin word \"vita\", meaning life. So he called the substance a \"vitamine\"--an amine necessary for life. Other studies found that not all vitamins were amines. So the name was shortened to vitamin. But Funk was correct in recognizing their importance. Scientists have discovered 14 kinds of vitamins. They say vitamins help to carry out chemicals changes within cells. If we do not get enough of the vitamins, we are at risk of developing a number of diseases. _ brings us back to James Lind of Scotland. In the 1740s, Lind was a doctor for the British Navy. He was investigating a problem that had existed in the Navy for many years. The problem was the disease scurvy . The sailors were weak from bleeding inside their bodies. Even the smallest wound would not heal. Doctor Lind thought the sailors were getting sick because they failed to eat some kinds of foods when they were at sea for many months. Doctor Lind separated twelve sailors who had scurvy into two groups. He gave each group different foods to eat. One group got oranges and lemons. The other did not. The men who ate the fruit began to improve within seven days. The other men got weaker. However, which foods should be eaten to keep us healthy? Let us look at some important vitamins for these answers. \n Answer: Because the latter was easy to remember.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the name \"vitamine\" shortened to \"vitamin\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9534ae09dcda494cb890363c8d323956",
            "input": "Article: He must have been completely lost in something he was reading because I had to tap on the windshield to get his attention.\"Is your cab available ?\"I asked when he finally looked up at me.He nodded,then said apologetically as I settled into the back seat,\"I'm sorry,but I was reading a letter.\"He sounded as if he had a cold.\"I am not in a hurry,\"I told him.\"Go ahead and finish your letter.\"He shook his head.\"I've read it several times already.I guess I almost know it by heart.\" \"Letters from home always mean a lot\" I said. \"This isn't family,\" he replied.\"although it might just as well have been family.Old Ed was my oldest friend.In fact,we used to call each other 'Old Friend'--when we'd meet.I'm not much good at writing.\" \"I don't think any of us keep up our correspondence too well,\"I said.\"I know I don't,but I take it he's someone you've known quite a while?\" \"All my life.We were kids together, went to school together and all the way through high school.\"\"There are not too many people who've had such a long friendship,\"I said.\"Actually,\"the driver went on,\"I hadn't seen him more than once or twice year over the past 25 or 30 years because I moved away from the old neighborhood and you kind of lose touch even though you never forget.\"     \"You said 'was'.Does that mean---?\" he nodded.\"A couple of weeks ago.\" \"I'm sorry\" He didn't say anything more,and we rode on in silence for a few minutes.But I realized that Old Ed was still on his mind when he spoke again,almost more to himself than to me.\" \"I should have kept in touch with him.\" \"Well,'' I agreed,\"we should all keep in touch with old friends more than we do.But things come up and we just don't seem to find the time.\"     When I got to my hotel room I didn't unpack right away.First I had to write a letter --and mail it. \n Answer: he didn't notice the writer",
            "output": [
                "Why did the driver said sorry when the writer settled into the back seat? Because"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4658a71dce0b43acb76e74ca44b06be2",
            "input": "Article: Free energy is everywhere around us. There are many ways to make and collect energy from various sources like sun, wind and water. People also realize that everyday stuff can be a source of energy too. For example, riding a bike, running or just walking, etc. We simply have to change our way of thinking if we want to change the world. So comes the idea of solar roadways. Are they the road of future? Why use roads just for driving and collecting tolls  ? Why don't we use them for collecting energy? The US Department of Transportation recently awarded $100,000 to Solar Roadways to build the first ever Solar Road Panel. So how do these future roads work? The Solar Road Panels will contain embedded   LEDs which \"paint\" the road lines from beneath to provide safer nighttime driving as well as to give drivers instant instructions such as detour   ahead. The road will be able to sense wildlife on the road and can warn drivers to \"slow down\". There will also be embedded heating elements in the surface to prevent snow and ice buildup, providing safer winter driving. Replacing asphalt   roads and parking lots with Solar Roadway Panels will be a major step toward stopping climate change. Fully electric vehicles will be able to recharge along the roadway and in parking lots, finally making electric cars practical for long trips. We just can't wait to see more of these roads all over the world in the near future. \n Answer: Remind drivers to drive slowly.",
            "output": [
                "When some animals are on the solar road, what will the road do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-80a2dbe5bc6142c986432ad2325ef987",
            "input": "Article: Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as \"all too human\", with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that _ , as well. The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. They look smart. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of \"goods and services\" than males. Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens   for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different. In the world of monkeys,grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey. The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. \n Answer: Monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7b853686b3e248789877de3d9d2b21ee",
            "input": "Article: As is known, it is a respectful job to be a teacher serving students heart and soul. And most people also compare a teacher to a gardener who takes great care of various plants. Ever since my high school days, my heart has been set on becoming a teacher. I am now studying at a teacher's college, and I am making great efforts to study, because there are so many things to learn about education. But I thoroughly enjoy my studies, and every day I am amazed at the great influence education has on the human soul. I think it is only natural that I have always _ to become a teacher because my father and his father were also teachers. My father is now retired, following a brilliant career, and it has always been his dream to have me, his only son, follow in his footsteps. Although it sounds like my father's dream that I will become a teacher, it is also my dream and I am quite willing to realize the dream. I still have one more year to go at university, and after I graduate, I will go to the western part of China to become a teacher at a village school. I understand a teacher's job will not make me a millionaire, but it is not the prospect of making a lot of money that has propelled my ambition to become a teacher. Rather, it is my sincere desire to assume a responsible role in society, and make as many people well--educated as possible through my hard endeavors. Education plays an essential and important role in our society. If everyone can receive a good education, it will not only do good to our country but also benefit individuals' lives. Ten years from now, therefore, I hope to be established as an excellent teacher with hundreds of thousands of students who have benefited from me and carry on the family tradition with efficiency and honour. \n Answer: A researcher.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f1a926a1c92d4156a0d19d2ad1526930",
            "input": "Article: Facebook and Twitter have become a significant threat to marriage - with social media now a factor in an increasing number of divorce cases, say lawyers. One in seven married individuals have considered divorce because of their spouse's  postings of Facebook or other online sites, according to research. A similar percentage admit that they search online for evidence of their spouse's _ , while nearly one in five say they have daily quarrels because of the way their husband or wife uses social media. The research was assigned by law firm Gordon in response to an increase in the number of its clients who said that Facebook, Skype, Snapchat, Twitter or other social media sites had played a part in their divorce. Andrew Newbury, of law firm Gordon, said: 'Social media is the new marriage. Five years ago Facebook was rarely mentioned in the context of a marriage ending, but now it has become common.\" Social media, specific pictures and posts on Facebook, are now being routinely raised in divorces.' The survey by Censuswide among 2011 husbands and wives, found the most common reasons for checking their spouse's social media accounts were to discover who they were talking to, who they were meeting and where they were going. A quarter of the married people said the resulting suspicions led to quarrels at least once a week, and 17 percent said such quarrels were daily events. Arguments were caused by contact with former partners, by the sending of secret messages, and by the posting of 'inappropriate' pictures. Some 14 percent said they looked at their spouse's social media with the specific intention of detecting evidence of adultery . \n Answer: The couple lost trust between each other.",
            "output": [
                "What might checking spouse's social media accounts result in?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5265bd5ce7054ee8bbab8ebf2a12de8e",
            "input": "Article: This Teaching Assistant Level 3 course is designed for people who either are, or wish to become a teaching assistant. Teaching assistants carry out their tasks under the direction of the class teacher. This is a fully supported home study course, and the help is available whenever you need it --- either online or over the phone. There is a huge demand for teaching assistants around the country but also many thousands of applicants for these positions. Having this Teaching Assistant Level 3 qualification will help you stand out from other applicants. Our Level 3 Teaching Assistant course is similar to the NVQ (National Vocational Qualification) Level 3 because it is an equivalent   level of learning. The teaching assistant is able to contribute in four main areas: Supporting the teacher Supporting the pupil Supporting the school Supporting the curriculum The salary a teaching assistant is expected to earn a year: London fringe  :PS16,856 - PS26,052 Outer London: PS18,789 - PS27,992 Inner London: PS19,893 - PS29,088 Rest of England and Wales: PS15,817 - PS25,016 The fee and the time of enrolment   Enroll for only a PS35 deposit. Teaching Assistant Level 3 is only PS345. To help you on your way towards achieving your qualification, we are offering all of our potential students a PS115 reduction in their enrolment fees for June. The normal fee for this course is PS460 but for this month it has been reduced to only PS345. There has never been a better time to start learning and take that first step towards a brighter future! 100% money back guarantee, if you are not satisfied. That's why we'll happily give you your money back on any course returned within 7 days. It's easy for you to enroll now by telephone 01223 923 913. You can get free friendly help and advice from 9:00 am to 4:00 pm, on Monday to Friday. Call 01223 923 915. \n Answer: Study at weekends or vacations.",
            "output": [
                "How can people study this Teaching Assistant Level 3 course?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-982657b4212043968cc133a3fda15476",
            "input": "Article: * Membership Hostelling International (HI) is a membership organization, and HI membership gives you much more than a comfy bed! It puts you at the heart of a huge international family, where you can share experiences, travel and friendship with people of all nations. * Membership Savings Program Your National Association or Hostelling International Membership card not only opens the door to the world's largest network of safe, clean and welcoming hostels, but in many HI hostels, being a member now gives you at least a 10 percent saving on the cost of your accommodation - just one of the great reasons to become a member! In some countries, membership is compulsory if you wish to stay in HI hostels listed on this site. To find out what is applicable in the country you wish to visit, please check the Membership Savings Program. Apart from cheaper accommodation in many of our 4,000 hostels worldwide, membership also gives you access to thousands of travel-related savings at home and abroad. Please check locally with your HI hostel on arrival for details of these great benefits which can include: reduced-price admission to attractions and museums, discounts on meals, transportation and lots more. Whatever your budget, membership helps you to explore and \"Say HI to the world\", backpack across Europe, discover Down Under, dance to Latin rhythms, chill out on an idyllic Asian beach or simply \"Discover the real hostel experience\" in one of our unique hostels worldwide. * How to become a member Purchase a membership from your nearest HI Youth Hostel Association office or membership selling outlet before you start your journey. Purchase an international membership when you arrive at an HI hostel outside your country of residence. To check the price and availability of membership on arrival, please contact the hostel directly. Alternatively, you can purchase a 12-month e-Membership during the booking process with your hostel stay. The e-Membership entitles you to stay in any HI hostel and receive at least 10 percent discount on accommodation charges compared to a non-member. Please note: when you select your country from the list below you will be given full contact details plus a link to the national HI Youth Hostel Association website. Please select the Membership section on the site. \n Answer: Opportunities to meet local people.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT promised by Hostelling International?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-463a4a4cc07f422d9b416271a44b5fe0",
            "input": "Article: At a young age, Patti Wilson was told that she was an epileptic . Her father, Jim Wilson, is  _ . One day she said, \"Daddy, I want to run with you every day, But I'm afraid I'll have a seizure .     Her father told her, \"If you do, I know how to deal with it, so let's start running!\"     That's just what they did every day. It was a wonderful experience for them to share. And there were no seizures at all while she was running. After a few weeks, she told her father, \"Daddy, I want to break the world's long-distance running record for women.\"     So she did. That year, she wore a T-shirt that read, \"I love epileptics\" and completed her run to San Francisco. Her dad ran every mile at her side, and her mom, a nurse, followed in a car behind them in case anything went wrong.     In her second year in college, Patti's classmates got behind her. They built a huge poster that read, \"Run, Patti, Run!\"     Her foot was injured when she was running to Portland. A doctor told her she had to stop her run.     \"Doctor, you don't understand,\" she said, \"This isn't a whim of mine. I'm doing it to let people know -- we can do what others do. Isn't there a way I can keep running?\" \"Yes, but it would be unbelievably painful.\" The doctor said. But she told the doctor she could do it. At last she finished the run to Portland and completed her last mile with the governor of Oregon. \n Answer: A supper runner -- Patti Wilson",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d2ae2c9508e44e5a212f62aeca44cf5",
            "input": "Article: It's well known that our human memory can fail us. People can be forgetful, and they can sometimes also \"remember\" things incorrectly, with damaging consequences in the classroom, courtroom, and other areas of life. Now, researchers show for the first time that bumblebees  can be unreliable witnesses too. Bumblebees are rather clever animals, which explains why Chittka has been studying learning and memory in the insects for the last 20 years. Most times when people have studied memory in animals, errors in performance have been taken to mean that the animals failed to learn the task or perhaps learned it and then forgot. But what if animals can experience a more interesting type of memory failure? To find out, Chittka first trained bumblebees to expect a reward when visiting a yellow artificial flower followed by one with black-and-white rings. During subsequent tests, bees were given a choice between three types of flowers. Two were the types they'd seen in the training before. The third had yellow-and-white rings, representing a mixed-up version of the other two. Minutes after the training, the bees showed a clear preference for the flower that recently rewarded them. One or three days later, however, something very different happened when the bumblebees' memory was put to the test. At first, the bees showed the same preference displayed in the earlier tests, but as the time went on, they began selecting the flower with yellow rings, even though they'd never actually seen that one in training before. Chittka says that insects make similar errors in the conjunction   of long-term memories as humans do. The ability to extract   common features between different events in the environment might come at the expense of remembering every detail correctly. In bees, with their limited brain capacity  , the pressure to store main features of several objects rather than each individual object might be much greater, compared with humans. \n Answer: Bumblebees make false memories too.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0c168438710848568faf25005b253de7",
            "input": "Article: The origination of the \"gap year\" concept came in the decade following the Second World War when youth travel and cultural exchange was discussed among governments as a useful tool to create more of a global understanding to prevent future global wars. However, the first gap years actually started in the UK in the 1960s when the Baby-Boomer generation in the midst of the Swinging Sixties headed off to India on the infamous Hippie Trails  ,inventing the independent travel market. Australian Graham \"Screw\" Turner, based in London in 1973, loaded a double-decker  bus with the first paying customers and drove them to Kathmandu. They arrived three weeks late. Top Deck Travel, the company he founded, still exists today. In 1979 another Australian, Dick Porter, founded STA Travel to bring in the final piece of the puzzle. It was a high street travel agent for students and youth (those under 26) with which he was able to develop global youth travel as he opened student travel agencies around the world. In the UK in the 1980s the Baby-Boomers were accustomed to family life with their young children and so traveling less, and the next generation were influenced by the addiction to money, careers and wealth. The housing market crash meant fewer funds available for parents to fund youth travel. But steady UK and global growth continued as STA Travel opened up branches around the world. A combination of the Baby-Boomer's children reaching 18 (whose parents encouraged world travel as they did in their youth), the UK coming out of decline and new, exciting, color1ful media channels to bring gap year products to market resulted in an explosion of activity in the UK in the 1990s as gap year travel and gap year volunteering took off pre-, during, and post-university. Demand grew, prices for air travel fell, and the roots of it becoming a tradition of growth were set. The modern gap year pioneers came in the form of Tom Griffiths and Peter Pedrick who brought the gap year market onto the web in 1988 with the launch of www.gapyear.com. The two pioneers have invented products, offerings, phrases, and concepts that form the frame of the global gap year industry seen today. Known as the gap year guru. Tom Griffiths is recognized as a global authority on gap years and acts as a media spokesperson around the world. \n Answer: Because the governments wanted to guard the world against future global wars.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the \"gap year\" concept was originated in the decade after the World War II ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-618f9e495ea44ccfbf7962243588e5aa",
            "input": "Article: China was to reform school curriculum  to ease the burden put on children by pushy teachers and parents eager to see them succeed in an increasingly competitive society. Chinese pupils were suffering from poor eyesight in increasing numbers and at a younger age. Tiring homework and increasing exam pressure were to blame. The primary reason is the traditional East Asian culture in which all parents want their kids to become dragons or and phoenixes. Too much emphasis is placed on \"diplomas\"  and exam scores. That was  _ by the fact thatprefix = st1 /Chinais a developing nation with 1.3 billion people and its one-child policy. Yuan, a government staff, said, \"The competition in employment is fierce and that pressure has been cascaded back to schools. Every parent expects his child to outperform peers. \" The Education Ministry would cut the difficulty of the textbooks, reduce homework, make classes more interesting and limit the number of tests. Another problem the government had to deal with was the education of 13 million rural children who swarmed into the cities with their parents working as migrant workers. More than 100 million peasants across the country migrate to the booming cities every year for manual labor and small-time businesses. But policy hurdles for them to settle in the cities abound, including those that prevent their children from receiving a good education. An estimated 23 million \"left-behind children\" of migrant workers stay in the countryside \"The government has ordered urban public schools to open up to the 7. 88 million  migrant children of school age,\" Yuan said, adding private schools are also allowed to accommodate  some of them. \n Answer: Parents expect their children to become dragons and phoenixes",
            "output": [
                "What makes Chinese pupils become nearsighted at a younger age?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e56df82184394509b20b20d092ccd951",
            "input": "Article: Sayings  are quite common in spoken English. We don't normally put them in a composition or a letter. Sometimes it is helpful if you know what common proverbs mean. Here are a few examples. \" Once bitten, twice shy.\" If a dog bites me, I shall be twice as careful in future when I see it. This proverb is also used to apply to many things and not only to dogs. For example, if you have been cheated at a shop, you will not go to the same shop again. \"A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.\" If I am a hunter, trying to catch birds, it is better to catch one than to see two birds in a bush but not able to catch them. Thus this means that what you have already got is better than the chance of being able to get something bigger in future. \" Don't be a dog in a manger \" means \" Don't be selfish.\" In a stable  ,the manger is the place where the horse's food is put. Sometimes a dog will sleep in the manger and bark when a horse comes to get its food. The dog doesn't want to eat the horse's food in the manger but it will not let the horse eat it. \" He who pays the piper calls the tune  .\" A piper is a musician. The man who pays a musician can say what tunes the man will play. Thus this means that if a man provides the money for a plan, he can say how it will be carried out. \"To pour oil on troubled waters\" is to try to calm things down. Oil is lighter than water. If a ship is in trouble at sea, another ship may come to help it. The second ship can send small boats to rescue people. However, it may first pour oil on the sea to make the sea less rough. \n Answer: \" Don't be a dog in a manger.",
            "output": [
                "Peter has a bicycle which is much too small for him but he does not want to let his young brother ride on it. What would Peter's mother say to him?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d2bb041726f346cabdacb01c09fdf3e0",
            "input": "Article: To \"sacrifice\" means to give up something for the sake of something else. We decided to sacrifice our luxurious city life to move to a seaside village with our children aged 9 and 3. In the city, we had a beautiful home and plenty of money but little real security because crime was on the increase every day. We never knew if we would all make it home safely each night. We were very happy in the new town but life was very difficult economically. Our income was very much dependent on tourism and the jobs at other times are few. Although many of the long-standing residents live well, it is a very competitive environment for newcomers. Reading the newspapers from the big cities assured us that we had made the right choice. There is so much violence and crime there! However, it was not always easy to explain .to the children why they could no longer have what they used to have, especially when our \"rich\" friends came from the city to visit. One day, one of our \"rich\" friends came to visit us. His son preferred riding in the back of our  _ truck to his father's modern car. Our little daughter called me and said, \"Mom, please help me explain to James why he is wrong. He said, 'today, if you don't have money you are nothing.' I know that is not true. If you do have money you share it with your friends and if they don't have money, you share it with them. That is what makes us all rich.\" This made me realize that the sacrifice was well worth it. Our kids have a solid set of values and they know that our most precious gifts are our good friends and a wonderful environment. \n Answer: The city was not safe enough.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the family move away from the city?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9435c7efa0444b0095cf10db08a8c0bb",
            "input": "Article: Qian Xuesen is one of the pioneers of China's space science. As a world-famous expert on aerospace rockets and aerodynamics, he obtained great achievements in the areas of applied mechanics, engineering cybernetics and system engineering and made distinguished contributions to the foundation and development of Chinese aerospace undertaking . He graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1934, and Qian Xuesen went to the United States to study in MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, one year later. After receiving master's degree in MIT, he went to study in California Institute of Technology and received PhD degrees in both aerospace and mathematics. In 1955, six years after the founding of People's Republic of China, Qian Xuesen returned to his motherland. His return brought China the hope of developing space science and its own missiles. In 1956, Qian Xuesen put forward \"Proposal on the Development of China's Aviation Industry for National Defense\". With the support from Zhou Enlai, the premier, and marshal Nie Rongzheng, Qian Xuesen began to prepare for the establishment of China's first missile and rocket research and development structure, the Fifth Research Institute of State Ministry of Defense. Henceforth , he has long been in charge of the chief technological research and development of China's missile, rocket and spacecraft. Due to research and development led by Qian Xuesen, China successfully exploded its first atom bomb in 1964. Later, China launched its first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, to the earth orbit on April 24, 1970, becoming the fifth country in the world to independently launch satellite following the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the USA, France and Japan. The satellite floated around the earth, blaring the song Dong Fang Hong, which has the same name as the satellite. As a _ leading the development of China's aerospace science and technology, Qian Xuesen also provided chances for young scientists. Wang Yongzhi, former chief designer of China's manned-space project, has benefited a lot from Qian Xuesen. \"He suggested that rocket of the second generation should be developed by our second generation scientists. This suggestion gave us chances to be general designers.\" Recalling the experience working with Qian Xuesen, Sun Jiadong, general designer of China's lunar orbiter project, is very grateful. \"He put great expectation on us and trusted us a lot. Whenever we made mistakes, he seldom blamed us, but helped us to find out the reason so we could avoid it in the future.\" Honored as Father of China's Missile and King of Rockets, Qian Xuesen never stopped his work on scientific research after he retired. He said he had no time to review the past, but looked forward to the future. \n Answer: In 1935.",
            "output": [
                "When did Qian xuesen begin to study in Massachusetts Institute of Technology?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-426ad76e47384927958d73460447ea59",
            "input": "Article: IQUIQUE, Chile (Reuters) -- Rescue workers at the San Jose gold and copper mine in northern Chile had reason to sing this week. A small hole drilled into the earth became a passage to freedom for 33 trapped miners, who spent 69 days underground. \"Never have people been trapped for so long so deeply,\" says a doctor at NASA, the American space agency, which helped in the rescue. But the chief medical officer for the miners said most are in good enough health to leave the hospital within a day or so. The first three recovered and went home Thursday night. For much of the day the miners relaxed with Chilean President Sebastian Pinera. The 32 Chileans and 1 Bolivian still wore special sunglasses to protect their eyes. A partial mine collapse on 5th August trapped them more than half a kilometer underground. They had to stretch a two-day food supply. For two weeks no one knew if they were alive or dead. Later, they received supplies. The first miner rescued on Wednesday was Florencio Avalos. The second was Mario Sepulveda, who talked about how the experience tested his faith. The last miner up was Luis Urzua, who was the shift leader when his crew became trapped. Rescuers used a metal cage to pull the miners to safety in less than 24 hours -- faster than expected. The rescue capsule was a half-meter wide and known as the Phoenix, an imaginary bird from ancient stories. It bursts into flames but is continually reborn and rises from the ashes. Chile's Navy built the capsule with advice from mining experts and NASA engineers. It worked like an elevator, traveling up and down on a cable through a shaft drilled 622 meters into the rocks. Millions of people around the world watched the rescue. More than one thousand journalists traveled to the mine in the Atacama Desert to report on the rescue. They joined family members of the miners and rescue crews housed in an area of tents known as Camp Hope. \n Answer: Chilean president honors rescued miners",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-09f6957342c842b786acc42eebb4abe2",
            "input": "Article: British men are encouraged to cry There are certain things British men like to believe about themselves. The first is that one day they will again win the World Cup. They also believe they do not cry. Over the centuries, Britons are believed to have a \"stiff upper lip\". But is this true? Yes, it is. A recent study arranged by Kleenex on how the British express their emotions   shows that 95 percent of them still contain their emotions. Moreover, while 72 percent think this is unhealthy, 19 percent can't remember the last time they \"let it out\". As a result, Kleenex is carrying out the \"Let It Out\" campaign   that encourages the British to grab a tissue and have a good cry. These days, however, the male Briton's attitude toward crying is changing. Though the majority still struggles to open up emotionally, a 2004 study by Oxford's Social Issues Research Center found that 77 percent of British men considered crying in public increasingly acceptable. Half of London males admitted crying in front of their mothers.  Scotsmen are the least emotional, although they are the most likely to cry at weddings.     Peter Marsh, director of the center, said: \"Crying can now indicate sensitivity rather than weakness. Like with David Beckham, crying because you're dropping off your boy at nursery isn't seen as weak.\" Winston Churchill was said to be a frequent crier, shedding tears at seeing a survivor in an air raid shelter, and when he saw his wife after a long absence. Psychologists  say that while society has accepted that men can cry, there are limits. Ronald Bracey, a consulting psychologist, said: \"If a man began to cry when he was having stitches  in hospital, he would be considered as a wimp  . Men still need to be seen as strong when it comes to physical pain.\" \n Answer: Different attitudes British men have towards crying.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly deal with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7300d09e489d4197aff160b4fde477df",
            "input": "Article: Apple Inc co-founder and former CEO Steve Jobs, counted among the  greatest American CEOs of his generation, died on Wednesday at the age of 56,  after a years-long and highly public battle with cancer. Mourners gathered outside his house in Palo Alto, California, and Apple stores around the world. Steve Jobs made technology fun. As tech leaders, they're really happy if they have one hit in their life. Steve Jobs has the Apple II, the Mac, the iPod, the iPhone, the iPad and Pixar. Steve Jobs was a college dropout. He was adopted by a machinist and his wife, an accountant. They supported his early interest in electronics. He and his friend Steve Wozniak started Apple Computer--now just called Apple--in 1976. They stayed at the company until 1985. That year, Steve Wozniak returned to college and Steve Jobs left in a dispute with the chief executive. Mr. Jobs then formed his own company, called NeXT Computer. He rejoined Apple in 1997 after it bought NeXT, He helped remake Apple from a business that was in bad shape then to one of the most valuable companies in the world today. However, Steve Jobs stepped down as Apple's chief executive in August, 2011 because of his health. He died a day after the company released a new iPhone version that met with limited excitement. Steve left behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple. President Obama said in a statement: by building one of the planet's most successful companies from his garage, Steve Jobs showed the spirit of American ingenuity  . By making computers personal and putting the Internet in our pockets, he made the information revolution not only accessible but intuitive   and fun. The fact that he was able to redesign American commerce top to bottom and across is really astonishing. He probably will be considered an industrial giant on the scale of Thomas Edison and Henry Ford, so one of the greatest of all time. Steve Jobs not only revolutionized technology, he also revolutionized American business. Steve Jobs was remembered as a \" great visionary and leader\" and a marketing genius. \n Answer: President Obama spoke highly of Steve Jobs for his achievements.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about Steve Jobs is NOT TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2c408ea3b41d4ebaa023a7c9896f9d68",
            "input": "Article: A lot of grown-ups worry that spending too much time playing video games isn't good for a kid's health. Now some doctors have noticed that kids who bring their hand-held game players to the hospital seem less worried about being there. These patients also seem to experience less pain when they are concentrating on a superhero adventure or a car race. At the Johns Hopkins Children's Center in Maryland, young patients are finding hospital visits easier to deal with, thanks to a test program called the Hospital-based On-line Pediatric Environment (HOPE). Patients in HOPE have a life-threatening condition where their kidneys no longer filter wastes from their blood. To get their blood cleaned, these kids must be hooked up to dialysis  machines at the hospital three times a week, for at least three hours each time. HOPE allows kids to play online sports, racing, and adventure games with each other. Eventually they will be able to connect with kids in other hospitals who are suffering from the same problem. \"We want to use the power of the Internet to bring together kids who feel that they are separated by their illness, and let them know that they are not alone,\" said Arun Mathews, the doctor who heads the program. He loves video games himself and got the idea to connect kids all over the country. Many researchers elsewhere are testing video game programs that might help young patients. For example, nine-year-old Ben Duskin of San Francisco, who was struggling with cancer helped to design a video game where players get rid of cancer cells. That's all great news, because doctors already know that reducing pain and worry helps patients heal faster. \n Answer: Playing video games seems to be beneficial to young patients' recovery.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cf1239e38ec14aeba4eafcc01e2f085f",
            "input": "Article: \"I don't believe in Santa Claus!\" Trogmire announced. Tremor looked shocked. \"Why not?\" he asked. \"Because he never leaves me any gifts at all,\" Trogmire growled. Tremor thought about the evidence for a few seconds. \"Maybe,\" he suggested, \"it's because when Santa checked his list, your name wasn't in the 'nice' column.\" \"So, he could at least bring me a lump of coal!\" Trogmire replied. \"And,\" he went on, \"Troubled doesn't believe in Santa, either.\" \"Right,\" Tremor said, \"because he saw his parents putting the 'From Santa' presents under the tree. But I know the truth about that. My mother found out from Troubled's mother. When Troubled's parents got an e-mail from Santa, saying that he would never bring Troubled another gift, they didn't want to tell him the truth. So now they buy presents and pretend they're from Santa.\" \"What did Troubled do to get Santa so mad?\" Trogmire questioned. \"I think it had something to do with the time he put glue paper all over the living room floor on Christmas Eve, and left a sign that said, 'Trapped like a rat!' hanging over the fireplace.\" said Tremor. \"I guess Santa doesn't have a sense of humour,\" sighed Trogmire. \"Well, at least I'm not the only one who Santa scratched off his name list.\" \n Answer: They have behaved badly.",
            "output": [
                "Why doesn't Santa leave presents for Trogmire or Troubled?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-35ae530c971a4bd390ff56250f8a1db1",
            "input": "Article: People think what I do is so wonderful because I interview stars.And I have to admit that when I first started working at Sassy in 1987 I was excited about that part of my job for the first couple of months,anyway.Then I noticed how stars would fool me around for months.I could never get enough time with a star to find out anything interesting,and some acted just simply rudely.I started hating the way I was treated,and I was really disappointed to see that these people I had worshipped   before were pretty ordinary.So I decided I would just tell the truth instead of keeping up their myths  .If the star was a bad guy,I would say so.If I thought anyone was stupid,I did not hold back that information. I thought readers would appreciate that kind of honesty.Surprisingly,many of them hated me for it.I have gotten so many attacks on my character.In their eyes,being famous is everything,even more desirable that being truly creative and talented. Why do we need stars?In fact,the media created stars to satisfy our basic need for gossip  .Over time,talking about people we have never met and we are never likely to meet has become what we are crazy about.Thus,some people are more interested in the personal lives of the stars than in the lives of their own family and their own friends.That is why it is so ridiculous when a star wants to discuss only his or her work in an interview--as we care.We want the dirt on their personal lives. There is another reason we worship stars.As a whole,our society is not as religious as it once was.It seems that people need something to fulfill them the way religion once did.Star worship exists as an unfulfilling desire for true heroes. We make them stars,but then their reputation makes us feel unimportant,and we truly feel better about ourselves when they die.I am part of this whole process.No wonder I feel soiled at the end of workday. \n Answer: They are usually honest and polite.",
            "output": [
                "What are the stars like according to the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e8991b49f574519b91dce7f8c3b242b",
            "input": "Article: The weather was terrible that night.The summer thunderstorm had knocked out the power.Luckily,there was enough candlelight flickering on the kitchen table.With the  candlelight,I could see the card I was writing to my husband's cousins in Finland. Dear Heli and Risto, You are on my mind tonight because we are using the candles you gave us when you visited us two years ago.There was a horrible summer thunderstorm this evening and the power went out,and your candles were just what we needed.They have lit our dinnertime,the bedrooms and now I am sitting by one in the kitchen... What I didn't say to Heli and Risto is that we never burned the candles before because they,well,smell like a campfire.And so they stood in iron candlesticks until we needed them. I'm so thankful that we had candles on hand that dark night.And I'm equally as thankful that I had a beautiful card on hand,too,or I would have let the opportunity to keep in touch with faraway family escape.It would have turned into another one of those moments when the thought of sending a card crossed my mind but never actually happened. The candle burned slowly.After I finished my card to Finland,I enjoyed looking through the rest of my \"Someone Cares\" greeting cards.The air was fresh and cool,and I had cards and enough light to write.I found a birthday card for my nephew's 10th birthday,a thinkingofyou card for my aunt,and a fun greeting card for an old friend and I began writing.Candles and cards--two things that make a thunderstorm into the perfect storm. \n Answer: Because there was no electricity due to the thunderstorm.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer light the two candles that night?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-53eb252fbdf8450aad4050a3865924e3",
            "input": "Article: As the population of the planet increases, so does the number of homes, businesses, parking lots, schools, airports and roadways. All these structures use electricity and need to be lighted. Humans demand these lights. They want their homes more comfortable and they want their streets safe. The problem is that researchers are finding that all the light is having a negative effect on humans and wildlife as well. Less than 10 years ago I drove to a thinly populated section of my town, lay down in the middle of the road and watched an attractive meteor shower  . The area was short of homes, street lights and traffic. If I did that today, I wouldn't be able to see the meteor shower as well. Due to the increase in street lights, I would surely be run over by a car. Nowadays scientists are finding light pollution can be almost as bad as carbon dioxide pollution. If you've ever taken a flight at night, the view is beautiful, but you must remember that all the light you see wastes electricity. The crew of the space shuttles see an even bigger picture of how extensive the wasted electricity is worldwide. One of the saddest parts of light pollution is that most of it is unnecessary and most of the outdoor light that we use is wasted. One only needs to look at a row of street lights to see how much of the light shines upwards and lights the sky; a total waste of electricity. Additionally, somewhere electricity needs to be produced, and the production of electricity creates pollution by releasing greenhouse gases. This affects the air we breathe and our quality of life. Scientists are also studying the effects of light pollution on wildlife. Thousands of birds die each year when they crash into highly lighted buildings, as they become puzzled by the light. It has been long known that tiny baby sea turtles become lost and follow lights on the shore instead of heading towards the sea. Fortunately, light pollution is one of the easiest sources of pollution that can be corrected without a negative effect. Following some guidelines and a little searching on Google can give you many ideas on how to reduce your contribution to light pollution. \n Answer: It is much easier for us to watch meteor showers.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the effect of light pollution?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c6692fdba90c4e51a95987771cb86490",
            "input": "Article: My younger sister Sandy was born on May 30 in Hum t County California. She grew up there in her early years and together we moved to Southern California, and then my parents moved back to Hum t County and this was where Sandy finished primary school and high school. She took her art classes at College of the Redwoods and she became an artist, along with our mother Bea East. I lived with her. She painted paintings of the Pacific Ocean and the forest. Their paintings were hung in the art galleries and in the banks and they were sold to people as far as Los Angeles. We called our business Wood Creations. We would go out to the forest and cut down the trees to make wood planters out of them. They were very creative and very beautiful with the plants growing out of them. Our business lasted for two years, and I moved away to Santa Rosa and time moved on very fast. Sandy came to live with us in Santa Rosa and together we were going to school to become grocery clerks. She soon moved back to the country and she married and had two children, first Johnny and then Cheri, who was born from another marriage and they moved to Queen City, Missouri.    Last year, I was able to go and visit with Sandy, when I first heard that she had cancer. My oldest sister and came to be with Sandy. Also my sister Judi and her two daughters came to be with us. We all rented a room in Kirksville, Missouri at the Days Inn. We all prayed together, and the time we spent together was priceless. This is the precious memories that I keep in my heart. Sandy is now unconscious. She will no longer be in all the pain and she will be in heaven watching over us. God bless you Sandy, rest in the arms of, Jesus. \n Answer: In Southern California.",
            "output": [
                "Where did Sandy finish her primary school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ca067ca32da14ab394d17ebe088b9e0a",
            "input": "Article: It is the preferred choice of millions of health-conscious Britons. But eating organic food   could make you fat, experts have warned. A studyhas shown that people tend to believe that organic foods contain fewer calories, so buy and eat more. But people who decide to \"go organic\" could soon find themselves piling on the pounds. The warning comes from American researchers who studied whether the sight of an organic label was enough to influence a person's choice. For example, if people believe organic foods, produced without using pesticides   and artificial fertilizers  , have fewer calories, they may end up eating far too much and spending less time on sports activities and put on weight. Cornell University researchers said: \" Some people mistakenly think that these foods are more nutritious  , just because they carry an organic label.\" \"The growing popularity of organic foods has led to some concern, as these foods may not necessarily be healthier than non-organic ones, but still may lead consumers to nutritional mis-judgments. If people feel a food to be more nutritious, they tend to let their guard down when it comes to counting calories---in the end leading them to overeat.\" Although a small number of differences in nutrient content were found to exist between organically-produced crops and traditionally-produced ones, these are of little health importance. It shows that there is no proof to support the choice of organically over traditionally-produced foods because of nutritional advantage. \n Answer: They have stronger sense of health and like nutritious foods.",
            "output": [
                "Why more Britons tend to spend more money on organic foods?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c68804b23099452da928f6f24a64354d",
            "input": "Article: J.K. Rowling had reused her magic and brought Dumbledore back to life. A spokesperson for the author confirmed Rowling had sent a letter and a package to a Texas teenager who optimistically found strength in the words of a Harry Potter film after witnessing the murder of her family. Fifteen-yiear-old Cassidy Stay lost both parent s and four _ to a gunman in Texas last month. Cassidy was shot in the head and survived the gunshot wound only because she played dead. Authorities had called her survival a miracle. Cassidy had seen the unimaginable tragedy, but was still thinking about happiness. At the memorial( ) for her family, Cassidy gave a speech in front of the media saying she believed her family was \"in a much better place.\" Quoting the words of Dumbledore, the wise headmaster of Hogwarts, she said, \"Happiness can be found even in the darkest of times, if one only remembers to turn on the light.\" The same day Cassidy gave her speech, a Facebook page called \"We want J.K. Rowling to meet Cassidy Stay\" formed and quickly draw public attention. The creator of the page claimed to know a friend of Cassidy's who \"confirmed that J.K. Rowling did write Cassidy a personal letter under the name of 'Dumbledor'. She also sent a wand, an acceptance letter to Hogwarts with a school supply list, along with the 3rdbook with Rowling's autograph.\" \n Answer: At the memorial for her family",
            "output": [
                "Where did Cassidy find strength after the tragedy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ea4a24294f254506abb69a0c369f4f42",
            "input": "Article: I remember the first time that I was extremely happy. I was about 8 years old when for the first time, there was a computer in the classroom. I remember that my teacher allowed each student to take turns playing various educational games on the computer. One day, I found the source code   for one of these games. Without knowing or being taught any programming language, I was able to figure out some _ of the BASIC code. Anyone who knows a bit of programming can tell you that I just give myself an infinite   number of lives in the game, so I can continue playing forever. This was also my first introduction to algebra  , and I didn't even know it at the time. This was a decisive   moment in my life. For the first time that I can remember, I was quite happy because of what I was learning and what I was able to do. As a result, I became enthusiastic for the rest of my life about self-learning and computers, and I was quite happy doing them, too. I've noticed that people who are truly content with life are enthusiastic in what they do. This enthusiasm, along with good health, is the key to being happy. It also leads to self-confidence and fulfillment in life, too. It may also lead to success, wealth, and achievements. Yes, success, wealth, or achievements seem to bring some people happiness, too. Yet, I don't think they can indeed make people happy. I know plenty of people who are successful and wealthy. However, I also know several of the people with successful businesses are not happy with what they are doing. I know people who continuously buy themselves new toys, cars, computers, and televisions, yet they never seem content for too long. Please remember that happiness comes from enthusiasm, and happiness is the journey of life, not the destination. \n Answer: To play various educational games.",
            "output": [
                "What did the writer's teacher ask the students to do on the computer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d0d60490b84040ac81e6a2a2f6bf154d",
            "input": "Article: Our planet is home to about seven billion people. Since the 1990s, population experts have predicted the number would grow to nine billion before it begins to slow down and possibly decrease. But a new report predicts the world's population is likely to increase to almost 11 billion by 2100. Based on the most modern statistical tools, the new report makes use of government records and considers expert predictions, including death rates, birthrates and international migration, or people moving across borders. The report says during the rest of this century, Africa's population will grow from about 3.5 billion to 5.1 billion over the next 85 years John is director of the United Nations Population Division. He says that in the past, researchers thought population growth in Africa would be similar to that of other areas. They expected slower growth rates as birth control use became more widespread. But he says those ideas were wrong. \"The level of contraception use has continued to increase but slowly -- more slowly than expected, and birthrate therefore has been falling less rapidly than expected, and the population therefore continues to grow somewhat more rapidly than we expected.The new findings are based on a joint research project of the United Nations and the University of Washington. The researchers believe the population of Asia will reach five billion by 2050. That is up from the current 4.4 billion. And then begin to decline. The researchers also believe that North America, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean area will have a total population of below one billion. John says the pressure of feeding the rising population is likely to be less than that might be expected. \"The relatively good news is that the world has been winning the race between population growth and food production. If you look back historically over the last 50 years, certainly for the world as a whole and for many, most individual countries and regions, the increase in food production has outpaced the increase of population.||\" \n Answer: Africa.",
            "output": [
                "Which area will experience the largest increase in population at the end of the century?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-788de0cea1354a2cbf064b50a44ca302",
            "input": "Article: Alzheimer's disease affects millions of people around the world. American researchers say the disease will affect more than one hundred million people worldwide by the year twenty fifty. That would be four times the current number. Researchers and doctors have been studying Alzheimer's patients for a century. Yet the cause and the cure for the mental sickness are still unknown. However, some researchers have made important steps towards understanding it. Several early signs of the disease involve memory and thought processes. At first, patients have trouble remembering little things. Later, they have trouble remembering more important things, such as the names of their children. There are also some physical tests that might show who is at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The tests look for proteins in brain and spinal cord  fluid. The proteins appear to be found only in people with the disease. The protein tests correctly identify the presence of the disease in about ninety percent of patients. Now, a much simpler physical test to predict Alzheimer's risk has been developed. Researchers found that trouble with the sense of smell can be one of the first signs of Alzheimer's. Using this information, they developed a test in which people were asked to identify twelve familiar smells. These smells included cinnamon, black pepper, chocolate, paint thinner, and smoke. The study continued for five years. During this period, the same people were asked to take several tests measuring their memory and thought abilities. Fifty percent of those who could not identify at least four of the smells in the first test had trouble with their memory and thinking in the next five years. Another study has shown a possible way to reduce a person's chances of developing Alzheimer's disease in old age. Researchers in Chicago found that people who use their brains more often are less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. Those who read a newspaper, or play chess or word games are about three times less likely to develop the condition. Researchers say they still do not know what causes Alzheimer's disease. But they say these findings might help prevent the disease in the future. \n Answer: The patients of Alzheimer's disease.",
            "output": [
                "Whats the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-46734569662b4ed6be8c290137ef056a",
            "input": "Article: Mrs. Blake teaches English in a large school in the inner area of a big city on the west coast. Even since she was a young girl, she has wanted to become a teacher. She has taught eight years now and hasn't changed her mind. After she graduated from high school, she went on to college. Four years later, she received her bachelor's degree (BA) in English and her teaching certificate . Then she went to teach in the secondary schools of her state. In the summers, Mrs. Blake takes more classes; she hopes to get a master's degree ( MA ). With an MA, she will receive a higher salary and if possible, she hopes to get a doctor's degree as well. The school day at Mrs. Blake's high school, like that in many high schools in the United States, is divided into one hour each. Mrs. Blake must teach five of these periods. During her free period, which for her is from 2 to 3 P.M, Mrs. Blake must meet with parents, make our examinations, check assignments at all, Mrs. Blake works continuously from the time she arrives at school in the morning till the time she leaves for home late in the afternoon. \n Answer: twenty years",
            "output": [
                "How long is it since Mrs. Blake graduated from middle school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f22d2bc453f947a2b6e1f39b4a498cd3",
            "input": "Article: Q: My daughter is a junior in high school and has been on an individualized education program since fourth grade. She plans to go to college and intends to finish with a master's degree. Her performance in general is fairly good, but test scores are very low. She has held many leadership and volunteer positions. We have been advised to have her write an essay about how her learning disability is a barrier that she has to get over. Will that help or hurt her chances for admission? ---- Deborah A: First let me answer the question on low standardized test scores (ACT/SAT). There are hundreds of colleges that are \"test optional\" which means students can choose not to release their test scores in the application process. Admission decisions at these colleges for students who do not submit their test scores are made based on other factors. A list of test optional colleges can be found at fairtest.org. It is important, however, to make sure that the college is the right fit academically regardless of the test optional policy. You also asked if your daughter should write about her disability and if this would hurt her chances of being admitted. Please know that colleges do not deny admission based on disability. \"Disclosing\" a learning disability in a personal statement within the college application can certainly help. By writing a personal statement, students can potentially _ , for example, their understanding of the challenge they face. They might also prove an improved grade trend in that subject area, and show interest in more complex courses in spite of this disability. More importantly, a student disclosure can show self-confidence, motivation and an understanding of the disability. ---- Ms. Kravis \n Answer: She is very active in her high school.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Deborah's daughter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-77fd71087d224964ab7d0be358bf6a6f",
            "input": "Article: \"Holding girls back from an education is robbing them of their dignity  ,\" says Mariam, a teacher, in an interview with Action Press. \"I feel proud when I tell people that I'm from Swat in Pakistan, with its green and mountainous valley. But I don't feel proud about the number of women and girls where I'm from who are still being unable to enjoy the right for an education. \"I have taught many students -- including Malaya, the young education activist who was shot in the head as travelling to school in Pakistan after campaigning for girls' education. Among them I see the dignity that education can offer. This is why I have long been devoted to teaching, and why I am doing what I can to make sure that all girls have the chance to go to school. \"At the Khushaal school and college in Mingora, many girls are prevented from going to school because of poverty and fights. However, the most common reasons for girls not attending classes are cultural. People fear that females will become too independent if educated. Instead, parents prefer to marry off girls early. Girls and young women are considered a financial burden if left dependent on their parents.\" \"In the school where I have been teaching for over ten years, I have seen how this discrimination plays out. Parents regard an educated and independent female as being too clever for her own. Even if parents agree to give a girl an education, a limit is set to the number of years for her to attend classes and it is common for girls to make it through only primary school. This is why I have been working tirelessly to change these damaging views and cultural practices. These are crimes against humanity  ,which I have no choice but to strongly accuse of.\" \"Malala was right to fight for her education.\" says Mariam, who will be in New York with UNESCO  , delivering a speech calling for world leaders to make sure every child gets a chance to go to school. \n Answer: Her experience as a speech maker.",
            "output": [
                "What does Mariam take pride in?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-75a2521ef39047c09376cda62e95e290",
            "input": "Article: MUMBAI, India --The children in their party clothes on the stage were very excited when they received the award. And the two of them said, \"It's unbelievable!\" Nine-year-old, Rubina Ali, and Azharuddin Ismail, 10, were living a very different life and obviously loving every minute of it. The two, some of the child stars of the Oscar-winning Slum dog Millionaire(<<>> )movie, know the Indian slums very well. That was where they grew up, and it is where they will return at the end of their Hollywood dream trip. But before going back home, there was an interview with the host, Ryan Seacrest. During the interview they smiled and repeated their disbelief in what was happening to them. To their surprise, their movie won first place in the Oscars. When the two received the award, it was late morning in the children's home city of Mumbai, where family, friends and many fellow residents of the slums watched the result from Hollywood. \"I don't really know what the Oscars are,\" Rubina's mother said. \"I'm just glad my daughter looks happy, though she told me she missed Indian food.\" \"Our children lead a dog's life,\" Rubina's mother said, pointing out the rubbish everywhere, the open drains   and the lack of education opportunities. In a few days they will be back in Mumbai and back in the slums which are their home. Fortunately, according to media reports, the movie's director, Danny Boyle, has promised to help the children chosen from the slum and make sure they will go to a proper school. The two don't need to worry about their daily lives because of the Oscar success of Slum dog Millionaire. But the poverty and lack of opportunity --the central theme of the movie--is always all around. \n Answer: They were the only two child stars in the movie, Slum dog Millionaire.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true about the two children?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-184c474d5c204a0e880624a64a704317",
            "input": "Article: Settled by the Celts, invaded by the Romans and the Normans, and ruled by the English, Wales' population has regularly changed over the ages. Wales, particularly South Wales, became a melting pot of European nationalities and cultures. At first workers from England, Ireland and the rural areas of Wales rushed into the coalfields of South Wales. By 1911, workers from Ireland, Italy and Spain had joined the industrial workforce there. Many of these newcomers were prepared to work for less pay. But during this period, workers, dissatisfied with regular pay cuts, poor safety, the growing trend of employers to pay workers with tokens  , which could only be spent in the company store, returned to the land. In 1891, the rural population of Wales was about 616,000 and by 1911 just over 649,000 people lived and worked in these areas. The rural population continues to grow slowly even today. People from richer parts of the UK, particularly southern England, are buying holiday or retirement homes in Wales. In some areas this has led to a shortage of affordable housing for local people. This, combined with the lack of employment prospects in rural Welsh communities, has started a new movement of people in search of jobs and homes into the towns and cities of Wales and to other parts of the UK and Europe. As so many Welsh people have migrated to other countries over the last 200 years, it's really no surprise that many visitors come to see friends and  s -- there were 229,000 visitors in 1998. These visitors strengthen their links to their land of origin and continue to support the Welsh economy. During the hot summer days, about 28% of the visitors visit the countryside and nearly 70% visit the seaside. \n Answer: Because people could buy holiday or retirement homes there.",
            "output": [
                "Why was South Wales so attractive to people in the early 20th century?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b1d1138f02cc4f63aead94053390f5bd",
            "input": "Article: You can get a lot from being healthy. Everyone needs to take time to exercise. There are lots of ways to improve your health without having to join a gym. Here are some tips on how to better make use of your free time while staying healthy.      By keeping physically active, you're making sure that your joints   and body organs   are kept in good working order. Exercise can also help keep your weight at a healthy level and can protect you against catching coughs and colds. Other benefits are an increase in your energy level and brain activity. Knowing that you're looking and feeling good can also increase your self-confidence.     If you're under 18, you should try to do a total of 60 minutes of physical exercise every day. This includes anything from taking the lift at the gym to walking up stairs. If you're over 18, it's at least 30 minutes of exercise at least five days a week.     Getting fit isn't all about gyms - some forms of exercise won't cost you any money, and most forms can easily be used in your busy lifestyle without having to find some special time in your day. For example, riding a bike to school, college or work, and even running on a playground a few times a week can improve your fitness level.      Getting fit isn't just something you have to do by yourself. Playing team sports like football, or basketball is great exercise, and it is often more enjoyable because you're playing with a group of friends. \n Answer: What forms of exercise one should choose.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a85dfbcb47f4e3b87a6666bca8f3eb9",
            "input": "Article: Does your older brother think he's cleverer than you ? Well, he's probably right. According to a new research published in the journal Intelligence, the oldest children in families are likely to have the highest IQs and the youngest the lowest. A number of studies have suggested that IQ scores decline with birth order. In the most recent study, at Vrije University, Amsterdam, researchers looked at men and women whose IQ had been tested at the ages of 5,12 ,and 18. The results , which show a trend for the oldest to score better than the youngest in each test, involved about 200,000 people. That showed that first-borns had a three-point IQ advantage over the second-born, who was a point ahead of the next in line. The order of birth can also affect personality, achievement, and career, with first-borns being more academically successful and more likely to win Nobel prizes. However, eldest children are less likely to be radical and pioneering. Charles Darwin, for example, was the fifth child of six. Exactly why there should be such differences is not clear, and there are a number of theories on environmental influences on the child. The so-called dilution  theory suggests that as family resources, both emotional and physical, as well as economic, are limited, it follows that, as a result , as more children come along, the levels of parental attention and encouragement will drop. Another theory is that the intellectual environment in the family favors the first-born who has, at least for some time, the benefit of individual care and help. The theory which enjoys the most support is that the extra time and patience that the earlier-borns get from their parents, compared with those arriving later, gives them an advantage. \n Answer: The order of birth can affect personality, achievement, and career.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-05594a4ed693445bb03577e0ae62a794",
            "input": "Article: This Friday is TombSweeping Day, one of the three traditional festivals that are included as the Chinese mainland's public holidays starting this year. Together with the Dragon Boat Festival in June and MidAutumn Festival in September, the authorities say observing these days is aimed at protecting folk culture and customs. Chinese nationwide should thank Chen Jing, a 68yearold folk artist and professor from Nanjing University for the move. \"It is certainly a favorable gesture for the promotion and preservation of folk culture and customs,\" Chen said. In 2006, Chen proposed to the authorities to make TombSweeping Day, also known as Qingming Festival, a public holiday. His suggestion received wide support from other folk artists. \"TombSweeping Day means a lot to the Chinese,\" Chen said. It is a day for people to honour their ancestors. Two years ago, on his trip to honour his ancestor in Taizhou, Jiangsu province, he found the train full of people, most of whom were the elderly. From the conversation with them, he found the elderly thought it necessary to include young family members in the festival's activities, while working people also wanted the chance to honor their ancestors. Among those he spoke to was an elderly man from Hongkong, who told Chen TombSweeping Day is a holiday in Hongkong for paying tribute to ancestors. Chen was inspired by the experience and insight from these people and put forward the suggestion for the holiday during an interview by mainstream media. \"If we do not take immediate action, our traditional folk customs will be forgotten by the younger generation,\" he said. His idea soon spread all over the country and was echoed  by many scholars and experts. \n Answer: Because it can make young people and working people be included in the festival's activities.",
            "output": [
                "Why do the elderly think it is important to make TombSweeping Day a public holiday?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9145d2843fc7411a902f3bd10f4df7a1",
            "input": "Article: Have you come across much western children's literature? Most English speaking children grow up with the same delightful set of fictional   characters. The Winnie the Pooh stories involve a strange selections of animals such as a kangaroo, a pig, a donkey, a tiger, an owl and a bear, who live together in a wood, leading fairy ordinary lives. Far more exciting and dangerous events take place in The Wind in the Willows, the story of the foolish Mr. Toad and all his adventures. Talking animals is also the main characters in The Jungle Book and the Just So Stories. In the latter we find lots of imaginative explanations as to why the world is like what it is. Far more laughter comes from Roald Dahi's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Whillie Wonka is the perfect adult in the eyes of children with all his clever ideas and endless supply of sweets. Also much loved is Bilbo Baggins, the funny little rabbit, who ends up having adventures with wolves and dragons. Of course, the stories go on in the much more serious The Lord of the Rings, better read a few years later. A new star in the world of magic and children's fiction is Harry Potter, the schoolboy who learns spells rather than maths. Adventures books remain popular, too. Although well over a century old now, Treasure Island is still an _ story with young Jim Hawkins dealing with secret maps and pirates. Such books make childhood a time of wonder and imagination. \n Answer: Just So Stories.",
            "output": [
                "In which book would you expect to find the chapter \"How the tiger got his stripes?\""
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1d6969f889a84dbf8de2caee2c3ded44",
            "input": "Article: The man who invented Coca-Cola was not a native Atlanta, but on the day of his funeral every drugstore in town shut up the shop in honor of him. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1833 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away. Pemberton was a chemist, sometimes known as Doctor, who, during the Civil War, became an officer and led a cavalry troop. He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began making such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup. In 1885, he registered a trademark for something called French Wine Coca-Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant. A few months later, he formed the Pemberton Chemical Company, and hired an accountant named Frank M. Robinson, who had not only a good head for figures, but, attached to it, so unique a nose that he could judge the ingredients of a batch of syrup merely by sniffing it. In 1886 --- a year in which, as contemporary Coca-Cola officials like to point out, the English writer Conan Doyle made Sherlock Holmes known publicly and France found the truth about the Statue of Liberty --- Pemberton invented a syrup that he called Coca-Cola. It was a change of his French Wine Coca. He had taken out the wine and added a bit of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some cola nut oil and a few other oils, mixing the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar. He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his elegant account's script, instantly designed a label, on which \"Coca-Cola\" was written in the style which is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a drink than as a headache cure. One morning in 1886, a man suffering from a headache dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a bottle of Coca-Cola. According to usual practice, druggists should pour a teaspoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but at that time, the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. After drinking it, the suffering customer cheered up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy  one. \n Answer: Coca-Cola which is very popular now was invented by him.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following about Pemberton is wrong?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-28888fa047e24d72b2f2fb0bf0c12100",
            "input": "Article: Eddie McKay, a once-forgotten pilot, is a subject of great interest to a group of history students in Canada. It all started when Graham Broad, a professor at the University of Western Ontario, found McKay's name in a footnote in a book about university history. McKay was included in a list of university alumni   who had served during the First World War, but his name was unfamiliar to Broad, a specialist in military history. Out of curiosity, Broad spent hours at the local archives   in a fruitless search for information on McKay. Tired and discouraged, he finally gave up. On his way out, Broad's glance happened to fall on an exhibiting case showing some old newspapers. His eye was drawn to an old picture of a young man in a rugby uniform. As he read the words beside the picture, he experienced a thrilling realization. \"After looking for him all day, there he was, staring up at me out of the exhibiting case,\" said Broad. Excited by the find, Broad asked his students to continue his search. They combed old newspapers and other materials for clues. Gradually, a picture came into view. Captain Alfred Edwin McKay joined the British Royal Flying Corps in 1916. He downed ten enemy planes, outlived his entire squadron   as a WWI flyer, spent some time as a flying instructor in England, then returned to the front, where he was eventually shot down over Belgium and killed in December 1917. But there's more to his story. \"For a brief time in 1916 he was probably the most famous pilot in the world,\" says Broad. \"He was credited with downing Oswald Boelcke, the most famous German pilot at the time.\" Yet, in a letter home, McKay refused to take credit, saying that Boelcke had actually crashed into another German plane. McKay's war records were destroyed during a World War II air bombing on London -- an explanation for why he was all but forgotten. But now, thanks to the efforts of Broad and his students, a marker in McKay's memory was placed on the university grounds in November 2007. \"I found my eyes filling with tears as I read the word 'deceased'   next to his name,\" said Corey Everrett, a student who found a picture of Mckay in his uniform. \"This was such a simple example of the fact that he had been a student just like us, but instead of finishing his time at Western, he chose to fight and die for his country.\" \n Answer: A picture of McKay.",
            "output": [
                "What made Professor Broad continue his search for more information on McKay?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d1a4b48e51cd4f468315617ffa5e95e3",
            "input": "Article: A new study finds that our brains are wired to make music-color connections depending on how the music makes us feel. Mozart's \"Flute Concerto No.1 in G Major\" is most often associated with bright yellow and orange, whereas his \"Requiem in D Minor\" is linked to bluish gray, the findings revealed. US researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, enlisted nearly 100 subjects for a study on music and color. With 37 colors, the UC Berkeley study found that people tend to pair faster-paced music in a major key with lighter, more vivid, yellow colors, whereas slower-paced music in a minor key is more likely to be teamed up with darker, grayer, bluer colors. \"Surprisingly, we can predict with 95 percent accuracy how happy or sad the colors people pick will be based on how happy or sad the music is that they are listening to,\" said lead author and UC Berkeley vision scientist Stephen Palmer. In three experiments, the subjects listened to 18 classical music pieces that varied in pace (slow, medium, fast) and in major VS minor keys. In the first experiment, participants were asked to pick five of the 37 colors that best matched the music to which they were listening. Separately, they rated each piece of music on a scale of happy to sad, strong to weak, lively to dull, and calm to angry. Next, the research team plans to study particiapants in Turkey where traditional music employs a wider range of scales than just major and minor. \"We know that in Mexico and the US the responses are very similar,\" Palmer said. \"But we don't yet know about China or Turkey.\" \n Answer: It is fast in pace.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about Mozart's \"Flute Concerto No. 1 G Major\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-54ac618a56904765badc28d64be109ca",
            "input": "Article: When important events are happening around the world, most people turn to traditional media sources, such as CNN and BBC for the news. However, during the war in Iraq in 2003, many people followed the war from the point of view of an unknown Iraqi citizen who called himself \"Salam Pax\", which means peace.               Salam Pax wrote a diary about everyday life in Baghdad during the war, and posted it on his website. Pax's online diary was a kind of website known as a \"blog\". Blogs are online diaries, usually kept by individuals, but sometimes by companies and other groups of people. They become the fastest growing type of website on the Internet.  A blog differs from a traditional website in several ways. Most importantly, it is updated   much more regularly. Many blogs are updated every day, and some are updated several times a day. Also, most blogs use special software or websites, which can help ordinary people easily set up and start writing their own blogs.               There are many different kinds of blogs. The most popular type is an online diary of links where the blog writer surfs the Internet and then posts links to sites or news articles that they find interesting, with a few comments about each one. Other types are personal diaries, where the writer talks about their life and feelings. Sometimes these blogs can be very personal.               There is another kind of blogging, called \"moblogging\", short for \"mobile blogging\". Mobloggers use mobile phones with cameras to take photos, which are posted instantly to the Internet. The use of mobile phones in this way made the headlines   in Singapore when a high school student posted a movie he had taken of a teacher shouting at another student on the Internet. Many people were shocked by what the student did, and wanted phones with cameras to be banned from schools.               Many people think that as blogs become common, news reporting will rely less on big media companies, and more on ordinary people posting news to the Internet. They think that then the news will be less like a lecture, and more like a conversation, where any one can join in. \n Answer: Blogs are updated much more often.",
            "output": [
                "What is the biggest difference between blogs and traditional websites?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57e13016adcd4b9983989a66141fd089",
            "input": "Article: Be positive about school! Don`t say things are difficult or boring. Be interested in school life and your school subjects. Join lots of activities. Be quick to put your hand up. Go round the school with a big smile. Expect to work. School is not a holiday camp. If you are not working, you are not learning, and you are wasting your time at school. Teachers cannot make everything enjoyable. Keep fit. If you do not eat a good breakfast, you will be thinking about food in class. If you go to bed late and do not have enough sleep, you will be sleepy in class. Play some sports to keep your body strong. Don`t be too disappointed if things sometimes go badly. Everyone _ some tests, lose some matches and has bad days. Friends are not always perfect, and they sometimes say and do unpleasant things. Don`t let small problems seem very big and important. Talk about problems. Sometimes they are only the result of misunderstanding. Don`t be too embarrassed to ask for help. You are young. No one thinks you can do everything. \n Answer: fall",
            "output": [
                "What does the word \"fail\" mean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-638c82abac3c498b90176543084121ee",
            "input": "Article: Controlling the Ebola virus outbreak at the source in West Africa is the most effective way to decrease international risk of transmission, according to a research paper. If the epidemic  persists and grows, it's likely there will be more cases  of the deadly virus exported to other countries, including Canada, via air travel, said Dr. Kamran Khan, a physician and researcher at St. Michael's Hospital. Dr. Khan, who examines global airline travel patterns to predict the spread of diseases, said that every month, three Ebola-infected travellers are likely to leave West Africa, which is experiencing a widespread outbreak of the virus -- and this number would only increase as the epidemic grows. Dr. Khan and his co-authors said it is essential that other countries, their public health agencies and hospitals should be prepared. The risk of international spread would be further  _  if this epidemic were to take hold in other countries, especially those with weak public health systems. \"The international community must be mindful and be ready to support the early detection and control of cases.\" Dr. Khan said. Dr. Khan noted that of the almost 500,000 travellers who flew on commercial flights out of Guinea, Liberia or Sierra Leone in 2013, more than half were headed to destinations in five countries: Ghana (17.5 per cent, Senegal (14.4 per cent), the United Kingdom (8.7 per cent, France (7.1 per cent) and Gambia (6.8 per cent). More than 60 per cent of travellers from those countries in 2014 are expected to have final destinations in low- or lower-middle income countries. \"Given that these countries have limited medical and public health resources, they may have difficulty quickly identifying and effectively responding to imported Ebola cases\", said Dr Khan. \n Answer: By examining global airline travel patterns",
            "output": [
                "How does Dr. Khan predict the spread of diseases?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69a0e4d4cef34d55b9b858371b368e98",
            "input": "Article: We have recently heard a great deal about the effects of computers on our social and economic organizations. In industry, computers mean automation , and automation means unemployment. Computers in the prefix = st1 /United Stateshave already begun to take the place of workers whose tasks are simple. The variety of jobs, done only by humans in the past, which the machine can perform more rapidly, accurately and economically, increases with each new generation of computers. If we follow this trend, we will be faced with mass unemployment for all but a handful of highly trained professionals who will be more powerful and overworked than they are now. What can we do about it? It is foolish to dream of making history backwards. We cannot pass laws forbidding the advancement of science and technology. The computing machines are here, and they will grow because engineers want to build them, and politicians want their help in the process of government. In short they will develop and become popular because they enable us to complete tasks that could never before have been done, no matter how many unskilled laborers we might have set to work. Computers will continue to increase our intelligence for just the same reason that engines continue to strengthen our muscles. The question we must ask is not whether we shall have computers or not have computers, but rather, since we are going to have them, how we make the most humane and intelligent use of them. \n Answer: Highly trained professionals.",
            "output": [
                "Which kind of the following persons will be the first to be employed if computers continue to develop?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-08c66535853f47d7b73b9f75a765cbba",
            "input": "Article: I have always known my kids use digital communications equipment a lot. But my cellphone bill last month really grabbed my attention. My son had come up to nearly 2,000 incoming text messages, and had sent nearly as many. Of course, he was out of school for the summer and communicating more with friends from a distance. Nevertheless, he found time to keep a summer job and complete a college course in between all that typing with thumb. I was even more surprised to learn that my son is normal. \"Teenagers with cellphones each send and receive 2,272 text messages a month on average, \" Nielsen Mobile said. Some experts regret  that all  that  keyboard jabber  is making our  kids stupid, unable to read non-verbal cues such as facial expressions, gestures, posture and other silent signals of mood and attitude. Unlike phones, text messaging doesn't even allow transmission of tone of voice or pauses, says Mark Bauerlein, author called The Dumbest Generation: How the Digital Age Stupefies Young Americans and Jeopardizes Our Future. Beyond that,  though,  I'm not sure I see as much harm as critics of this trend.  I' ve posted before on how I initially tried to control my kids' texting. But over time, I have seen my son suffer no apparent ill effects, and he gains a big benefit, continuing contact with others. I don't think texting make kids stupid. It may make them annoying, when they try to text and talk to you at the same time. And it may make them _ when buzzing text message interrupt efforts to noodle out a math problem or finish reading for school. But I don't see texting harming teens' ability to communicate. My son is as accustomed to nonverbal cues as any older members of our family. I have found him more engaged and easier to communicate with from a great distance. because he is constantly available by means of text  message and responds with faithfulness and speed. \n Answer: It will cause damage to the development of teens' intelligence.",
            "output": [
                "What is Mark Bauerlein ' s attitude to texting?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-340fb85789004705a7bdf22db5520645",
            "input": "Article: Self-esteem is all about how much we feel valued,accepted and thought well of by others---and how much we value,love and accept ourselves.Poeple with healthy self-esteem are able to feel good about themselves,appreciate their own worth,and take pride in their abilities,skills,and accomplishments with others,feel happier,find it easier to deal with low self-esteem may feel as if no one will like them or accept them or that they can't do well in anything. Here are some steps that may help improve your self-esteem: Try to stop     Try to thinking about negative thoughts about yourself.If you're used to focusing on your shortcomings,start thinking about positive aspects of yourself that outwheigh _ .Each day,write down three things about yourself that make you happy.it is good to aim high,but your goals should be within reach.That's why you should set pratical goals and never expect the impossible.Mistakes are part of learning,so view mistakes as learning opportunities.Accept that you will make mistakes because everyone does.Also, you should recognize what you can change and what you can't.if you realize that you're unhappy with something about yourself that you can change, then start today.If it's something you can't change(like your height),then start to work toward loving yourself the way you are.Feeling like you're making a difffference and that your help is valued can do wonders to improve self-esteem.So don't hesitate to make a contribution.Help a classmate who's having trouble,help clean up your campus,or volunteer your time in some other way. Self-esteem plays a role in almost everything you do.It's never to be late to build healthy positive self-esteem.It takes some work,but healthy self-esteem is an asset you'll have for life. \n Answer: What people with healthy self-esteem are like.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mainly want to tell us in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c32ebcd23c2b4085be4e55750fbb3d32",
            "input": "Article: Sleep deprivation is an important hidden factor in lowering the achievement of school pupils, according to researchers carrying out international education tests. It is a particular problem in richer countries with sleep experts linking it to the use of mobile phones and computers in bedroom late at night. Sleep deprivation is such a serious problem that lessons have to be dragged down to a lower level to suit sleep-deprived learners, the study found. The international comparison, carried out by Boston College, found the United States to have the highest number of sleep-deprived students, with 73% of 9- and 10-year-olds and 80% of 13- and 14-year-olds identified by their teachers as being negatively affected. In literacy  tests there were 76% of 9- and 10-year-olds lacking sleep. This was much higher than the international average of 47% of primary pupils needing more sleep and 57% among the secondary age group. Other countries with the most sleep-deprived youngsters were New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, Australia, England, Ireland and France. High-performing Finland is also among the most lacking in sleep. Countries with the best records for getting enough sleep include Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Portugal, the Czech Republic, Japan and Malta. The analysis was part of the huge date-gathering process for global education rankings, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study(TIMSS)and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study(PIRLS) \"I think we underestimate the impact of sleep. Our data show that across countries internationally, on average, children who have more sleep achieve higher in maths, science and reading. That is exactly what our data show,\" says Chad Minnich of the TIMSS and PIRLS International Study Center. \"It's the same link for children who are lacking basic nutrition,\" says Mr Minnich, based at the Lynch School of Education, Boston College. \"If you are unable to concentrate, to attend mentally, you are unable to achieve at your best level, because your mind and body are in need of something more basic. Sleep is a fundamental need for all children. If teachers report such large proportions of children suffering from lack of sleep, it's having a significant impact. But worse than that, teachers are having to adjust their instruction based on those children who are suffering from a lack of sleep. The children who are suffering from a lack of sleep are driving down instruction.\" That means that even the children who are getting enough sleep are still suffering from this sleep-related lowering. \n Answer: The relationship between sleep and health",
            "output": [
                "What did the researchers of Boston College try to find?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b12ea4182628466eb899627c5aab45dd",
            "input": "Article: International Students Club (ISC) is a friendship club organized by the American Student Union (ASU) for all international students. Visit the ISC table on the Tempe Main Campus   from 9:30am to 12:30pm Monday -- Thursday to get information, practice speaking English, meet new friends and sign up for ISC activities. Our goal is to help all international students during their time here in the USA through practical help, social activities, trips, conversational English classes and Bible studies. International Graduates & Scholars A free dinner is held weekly on Friday nights at the Peterson home at 6:30pm. Transportation is provided from the ASU Bookstore at 6:10pm on Friday nights for free. Every year in June we have special activities -- summer camps. Want to make new friends or practice your English? Join us! For more information on activities for graduates and scholars, contact Nancy Peterson at 480-540-1518 or nancyp 310@cox.net. International Undergraduates If you're an international undergraduate hoping to meet new friends, join us at the Rita House on Friday nights, 7:00pm for a free meal, fellowship   and Bible discussion. On Friday nights we offer free transportation from the ASU Bookstore at 6:45pm. Join our Facebook page at \"ISC Undergraduates\" for more specific information or you can contact Charles Boyle at 480-686-0561 or charles.boyle@asu.edu. African Students All African students are invited to join us in our monthly activities designed for them to encourage one another and some club members also participate in the activities. This month we're meeting on April 18th at 4:00pm. Some of our club leaders will join them for student interaction and cultural exchange. For more information, contact Emmanuel Chijindu (from Nigeria) at 480-248-5121 or echijindu@isionline.org. ISC Leaders & Staff If you want to become our club member, contact one of our student leaders or campus staff members. Caroline Tao wtao6@asu.edu | 480-326-5135 Nigel Pinto nigel.pinto791@gmail.com Nancy Peterson Charles Boyle (staff) Emmanuel Chijindu (staff) \n Answer: It's a club focusing on academic research.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about ISC?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a5feefd67ede4d7aa33804325bd67caa",
            "input": "Article: Many young people tell me that they want to be writers. I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there is a big difference between being a writer and writing. In most cases these people are dreaming of wealth and being famous, not the long hours alone at the typewriter. When I became a writer, I had no future. What I had was a friend called George. He found me a home. It was cold and had no bathroom. I could only afford a used typewriter. A year later, however, I still hadn't received a break and began to doubt myself. But I knew I wanted to write. I would keep putting my dream to the test--even though it meant living with fear of failure. This is the shadow land   of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there. Then one day I got a call from a friend who asked me to be an assistant for $6,000 a year. As the dollars were dancing in my head, _ brought me to my sense. \"Thanks, but no,\" I heard myself saying. After that, I walked around my little room and started to feel like a fool. I felt a little low. Later, I gradually began to sell my articles. It was after 17 years of being a writer that Roots was published. At once I had the kind of fame and success that few writers ever experienced. The shadows had turned into great sunlight. Before that, it was a long and slow climb out of the shadows. \n Answer: unhappy",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel after he refused the job offer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-971d59f5a57a4373aff3f93dd45edfba",
            "input": "Article: Last year, the management set up new rules to encourage employees to cut down on unnecessary printing fees. However, there has been a rash of   abuses of the printing policy. Therefore, in order to control the cost, the management has decided to put forward more stringent   regulations that are required to be followed by everyone, including the management. Starting today, the management staff will meet to discuss and begin drafting up the new policy. We will post new rules outlining the new printing policy as soon as it becomes available. Once it is completed, please read it carefully. Anyone in violation   of the new rules will be considered behaving in a disorderly manner and will be punished accordingly. Your cooperation and self-discipline is highly requested. Thank you. The Management Team 2014.8.14 NEW PRINTING POLICY Effective as of 08/18/2014 Due to the fact that our costs have far exceeded our budget, we had to get to the root of the problem. Shockingly, most of our costs came from printing. A further, detailed look made us realize that too many of our 1,000 employees were wasting paper by making unnecessary copies. This, of course, has increased our paper usage, but it has also resulted in our using more of the very expensive ink cartridges   as well as the repair work that has followed. Over the past month, this has occurred at a rate that is not acceptable. Therefore, the following rules will go into effect immediately starting tomorrow for everyone in all departments. This problem is serious, so anyone caught in violation of the rules below will be punished, suspended, or even dismissed. Your full cooperation is requested. (1)All departments will be assigned an access card. It will record the date and time to keep track of the number of copies your department staff makes. Managers in each department are responsible for keeping track of who uses the card by keeping a record book. (2)For bulk copies over 100, you must get advance approval from your department head. (3)Any department believed to be making unnecessary copies will be approached. Upon investigation, a warning may result in the person being accused. (4)A second warning may result in suspension without pay or, in this worst case, being dismissed from your position. (5)Each department may pick up an access card from the reception desk after filling out a form. *With second warning, your manager and the general manager will meet to discuss the proper handling of the situation. \n Answer: The managers who wrote the policy.",
            "output": [
                "For whom is the notice intended?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e8da10673e864be99ba3a656f489000b",
            "input": "Article: I will be traveling to Australia as a Student Ambassador with People to People. People to People arranges for American students to travel all around the world to learn about other cultures, and to help others understand American culture. The program was founded by former President Dwight D. Eisenhower to promote peace through understanding. I had to put in many hours of special work to get to this point. First, a teacher nominated   me, and then I attended an informational meeting about the program. The application process included an interview, and finally, I was accepted. That's when the hard work really began. In addition to attending monthly meetings to prepare for the big trip, my parents encouraged my twin sister Beth (also participating in the program) and me to raise $ 2,000 each to help pay for the cost. And so the fund-raising began. We did everything from selling candy bars to selling an old car to decorating people's mailboxes during the holiday season. We also babysat, washed cars, held a yard sale, and washed windows. After months of hard work I had raised a total of $2319.87! Combined, Beth and I raised over $ 4500.00! Now I have a problem-packing. Yes, I know it sounds unimportant, but my suitcase seems to have shrunk   as I placed my belongings inside. According to airline regulations  , a suitcase can be no larger than 54 inches and weigh no more than 44 pounds. For a person who likes to wear a different outfit every day, packing all my clothes into such a small space seemed an impossible task. However, I have lessened my load and my suitcase which started out weighting overweight now checks in at a mere 36. Apart from a slightly bloated   carry-on bag, my luggage is definitely manageable. I doubt that I will not get much sleep tonight because I am so excited! I know that what lies ahead is going to be the trip of lifetime! \n Answer: Before leaving for Australia.",
            "output": [
                "When does the author write the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2817af41d1814d2a8527ade736e65a93",
            "input": "Article: Every year, it costs British students more and more to attend university. Students are graduating with larger and larger debts. So is a college degree really worth it? In 2006, the UK government started to allow universities in England and Wales to charge British students tuition fees. As a result, more than 80 percent of students in England and Wales now take out a student loan in order to go to university. They use the loan to pay for tuition fees and living expenses. Although the interest on student loans is quite low, it begins as soon as the student receives the loan. The average student in England and Wales now graduates from university with a debt of around PS12,000 (122,952 yuan). It means graduates have to struggle to pay rent on a flat, because they have to start paying back the student loan when they reach April after graduating. If you start to earn over PS15,000 (153,630 yuan) a year, the government takes repayments directly from your monthly salary. You might think that a person with a degree would find it easy to get a well-paid job. However, most people in \"white collar jobs\" seem to have a degree, so there is a lot of competition. Also, British companies tend to value work experience over . All of the above is beginning to make British people question whether a university degree is really worth the money. Even before the credit crisis started, the BBC stated: \"The number of British students at UK universities has fallen for the first time in recent history, from 1.97 million in 2007 to 1.96 million last year.\" Meanwhile, the British universities offer more and more of the available places to richer international students rather than poorer British students. What does the future hold for British higher education? \n Answer: The competition to become a \"white collar\" is too fiece.",
            "output": [
                "What might be the reason that the number of British students at UK universities falls?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4f1b411e9e5b4f6e847e20014d729524",
            "input": "Article: Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos (1969) suggested that primitive humans were closer to the animals because they, too, relied upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some primitive humans recognized a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating symptoms of a disease or improving the condition of a wound. Since there was so much that primitive humans did not understand about the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component of the beliefs about the causes and cures of health disorders. So it is not surprising that early humans thought that illness was caused by evil spirits. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual   to drive harmful spirits away from a diseased body. One of the earliest attempts in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and rejection of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. Little is known of Hippocrates who lived around 400 B.C., not even whether he actually authored the collection of books that bears his name. Nevertheless, the writings attributed to him have provided a number of principles underlying modern medical practice. One of his most famous contributions, the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics  . Among other things, it requires a physician to swear that he or she will help the sick, keep oneself from intentional wrong-doing or harm, and keep secret all matters to keep the doctor-patient relationship. Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived from an understanding of the natural sciences and the logic of cause and effect relationships. In this classic thesis, On Airs, Waters, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human-being is influenced by the totality of environmental factors: living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air and food. Interesting enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are still very much written in the twentieth century. \n Answer: Because they had little knowledge about the functioning of the body.",
            "output": [
                "Why did primitive humans rely on magic in their beliefs about the causes and cures of diseases?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a3056e157e644bc4b5c19bb4cde501ce",
            "input": "Article: For families on vacation,a playground provides a welcome break from sightseeing.It can also provide a glimpse into the local culture,from the setup of the park to the ways families interact.Here are the designs that live up to that challenge. Fruit and Scent Park, Stockholm Is there a picky eater on a steady diet of chicken fingers and cheese? Perhaps a trip to  Sweden's Fruit and Scent Park will change his or her culinary tune.This playground features a banana slide,an orange seesaw,pear huts,a watermelon jungle gym and a pair of cherry swings,all designed by public artist Johan Ferner Strom.Now,who can say you can't play with your food? Nishi Rokugo Park, Tokyo Located between central Tokyo and the city of Kawasaki,Nishi Rokugo combines recycled rubber tires with traditional playground equipment.In total,more than 3,000 tires of different sizes are used to create tunnels,bridges,tall sculptures for climbing and,of course,tire swings.There's little shade,so you can visit here in the early morning or late afternoon for the most comfortable weather, and be sure to wear your play clothes. $?Bicentennial Children's Park, Santiago,Chile Set a top San Cristobal Hill,the Bicentennial Children's playground in Metropolitan Park  was built to celebrate 200 years of Chilean independence and improve the lives of Santiago  citizens.Dozens of slides are built into the slope,creating a design completely complementary  of the surrounding landscape.Fountains offer some relief from the sun,and ample  seating gives parents a place to relax. \n Answer: Top museums around the world.",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly talked about in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b1c8269f1adc46cd823e025d254dd15e",
            "input": "Article: For centuries Stonehenge has mystified and enraptured archaeologists and visitors. So maybe it is not surprising that another monumental wonder from prehistory has been overlooked for so long - even though it is just a mile away. Experts have discovered an 'extraordinary' line of giant stones that dates back more than 4,500 years. The area around Stonehenge is littered with prehistoric sights but the 90 or more stones, lying 3ft underground, have only just been discovered by sophisticated radar equipment towed by radar equipment.  The buried monoliths are each up to 15ft tall. Instead of being arranged in a circle as they are at Stonehenge, it is thought they once formed a long standing line.  'We are looking at one of the largest stone monuments in Europe and it has been under our noses for something like 4,000 years,' said Professor Vince Gaffney, from the University of Bradford, one of the archaeologists leading the research. 'It's truly remarkable. We don't think there's anything quite like this anywhere else in the world. This is completely new and the scale is extraordinary.\" Prof. Gaffney believes the stones may have been planted by the same people who built Stonehenge, but he doubts whether there is a direct link between the two monuments. These stones were placed along a steep slope, cut into a natural dry valley to form a C-shaped feature. Precisely why the stones were put there remains a mystery. The archaeologists believe that at some stage the stones were pushed over. This was not done to damage the monument but rather to preserve whatever it was about the stones that seemed so important. \"There was a transformation in the landscape that we do not understand,\" Prof. Gaffney said. \"The stones had significance. These were special places. Societies were organized, as with the great cathedrals, to create these things.\" \n Answer: It is the largest stone monument all over the world.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about Stonehenge from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-47612984f39c4f718f9a25b57d635e9c",
            "input": "Article: According to body language expert Robert Phipps,the way people sleep at night actually determines a lot about the type of personality they have.Phipps has identified four sleeping positions that affect personality. Phipps found that worriers,those who stress the most,tend to sleep in the fetal position.He found that this is the most common bedtime position,with nearly 58 percent of people sleeping on their side with knees up and head down.The more we curl up ,the more comfort we are seeking,according to Phipps. The second most common position is the log.Sleeping with a straight body,with arms at each side,as if they are standing guard at Buckingham Palace,indicates stubbornness,and these people(the 28 percent who sleep this way)often wake up stiffer than when they went to sleep. \"The longer you sleep like this,the more _ your thinking is and you can become inflexible,which means you make things harder for yourself,\"according to Phipps. Yearner sleepers are next on the list.About 25 percent of people sleep in this style--on their side with arms stretched out in front,looking as if they are either chasing a dream or perhaps being chased themselves.Yearners are typically their own worst critics,always expecting the best results,explained Phipps.These people often wake up refreshed and eager to face the challenges of the day ahead. Perhaps the most peculiar of sleep styles is the freefaller position.This sleep style makes up 17 percent of the population.They sleep face down with arms stretched out.These people,according to Phipps,feel like they have little control over their life.Not only is this the strangest of sleep styles,but also the least comfortable,and people may wake up feeling tired and have no energy. In conclusion,Phipps has only one more thing to add:\"A good night's sleep sets you up for the following day and our sleeping positions can determine how we feel when we wake.\" \n Answer: Your Personality Depends a Lot on How You Sleep at Night",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3ef9df02911646f4800517612c6b19c0",
            "input": "Article: In today's Internet age, the demand for online games continues to grow. Online computer game centers exist in many cities and towns throughout Asia. Facing the pressures of school and life, people tend to the virtual world, expecting a diversion from these problems. Too often, however, they can lead to problems and unhealthy addictions. This is most clearly seen in the example of South Korea. The country has the world's highest percentage of highspeed Internet services. It also has a high number of online game players and related problems. It was once reported that a young man collapsed   and died while playing online games. He had been playing almost nonstop for 86 hours at an Internet cafe. Another young man killed his sister after becoming confused between the online world and real life. A 12yearold boy stole US $ 16000 from his father and ran away from home. He did this to continue his obsession    with online game. Such problems, however, don't just happen in South Korea. They are spreading to other parts of Asia, as well. What kinds of people develop online game addiction? What does the problem look like? Dr SueHuei Chen, a clinical psychologist, researches Internet addiction. She discovered some signs of atrisk individuals such as lack friendship and good social skills. Those problem individuals feel it so compulsive to play online games that they could sacrifice things such as school and family. They feel the need to spend more and more time online. And they become upset if anyone tries to limit their online game playing. How many problem game players are there? In mainland China, the potential number of problem online gamers is alarming. Just in 2004, China has had 13.8 million online game players according to China Daily. Furthermore, it stated that 80 percent of these were under 25 and had signs of addiction. Such numbers point toward a growing problem among Chinese youth. Make sure to keep control over your online game playing. If you don't control it, it can get control of you. \n Answer: Care much for the young and improve their ability to get along with others.",
            "output": [
                "According to Dr SueHuei Chen, what can we do to prevent game addiction?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2be9103d6d42453ca354c967737da69d",
            "input": "Article: The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts  in higher education isn't an either/or proposition ,although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM(science,technology,engineering,maths)-related fields can make it seem that way. The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training,but also states firmly that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central components of America's educational system at all levels.Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society,become creative leaders,and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides. Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates' job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs.Under these circumstances,it's natural to look for what may appear to be the most \"practical\" way out of the problem \"Major in a subject designed to get you a job\" seems the obvious answer to some,though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as \"soft\" often,in fact,lead to employment and success in the long run.Indeed,according to surveys,employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well,think critically,research creatively,and communicate easily. Moreover,students should be prepared not just for their first job,but for their 4th and 5th jobs,as there's little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers.The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible.The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight--picked up from science,arts,and technology--to solve the problems of the future,and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves,will be helpful to them and the United States. \n Answer: The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.",
            "output": [
                "What does the latest congressional report suggest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b61c6ece1ba24000b33c2929f37d3694",
            "input": "Article: \"How should I give my children pocket money?\" is one of the most common questions asked by parents. \"Should kids receive pocket money when they get high marks at school, or lose pocket money if they don't help with the housework?\" are also common questions.      Giving pocket money is an excellent way to develop children's independence. Children should receive pocket money as their small share of the family wealth, and they should share in doing the housework as well.      Here are some ideas to help you use pocket money to develop your children's independence.      Give pocket money regularly. Like adults, children should have a payday every week or two.      Link pocket money with ages and needs. Provide spending guidelines; don't be afraid to let them know what you expect them to buy, and what not to. A child in preschool and lower primary school is sure to spend money on candies and other such things. But older children can be expected to buy their own lunches or bus tickets.      Teach kids to set their goals. Encouraging children to save money for big things like bikes can help them learn about planning ahead.      When given wisely, pocket money is an excellent way to develop children's independence. But at some time, perhaps when a child turns fifteen, it needs to be reduced or eliminated in order to encourage the child to get a part-time job and begin to earn his own pocket money. \n Answer: Positive.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's attitude towards giving children pocket money?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-34cff00afa314a938530c3f9033992e0",
            "input": "Article: Interactive Home-security Systems Tarik Celebi, who lives in San Francisco suburb, takes his home-security system with him to work, to dinner, just about anywhere.By his cell phone, he \"arms\" his home-security alarm from his car before he leaves for work.During his workday, he gets e-mail alerts every time his front door opens, even though he's miles away.If the door opens at an unusual time -say midday when no one should be coming or going - he can order a 30-second video clip  from the camera that watches the door.If it's just his  mother-in-law getting a package delivery, no worries. Celebi is one of the first users of the latest interactive home-security systems.In addition to sounding alarms when the house is broken into and notifying homeowners or police, as traditional systems do, the interactive systems give users new ways to remotely control their systems and their home environment.Different from traditional home-security alarms, which homeowners typically have to press buttons on a keypad to turn on before they leave their homes, the interactive systems enable consumers to arm and disarm systems from smart phones, iPads and PCs, no matter where they are. Most traditional systems are set up to sound an alarm if doors or windows are opened. The interactive systems give homeowners more options.For example, users can elect when they want to be notified.They might want an e-mail or a text every time a door is opened, or only during the hours of 3 to 4 p.m., when kids come home from school.Like Celebi, they can add cameras and get video clips when doors open.That could be helpful in making sure kids aren't bringing friends home when they're not supposed to. Nationwide, about 20% of homes have.traditional home-security systems.About half stop using them because they tire of the trouble.Being able to arm systems even while dashing to the subway or while at work will increase their usage of the new interactive systems.Although the new functions add costs to home security, the interactive-systems are believed to push home-security systems' usage rates closer to 30%, which would be a big movement for an industry that's been largely stuck at 20% for the past decade.\"We all know it's going to get bigger, though we don't know how long it's going to take,\" Eric Taylor, an officer from San Francisco Security Department says. \n Answer: Observe through video.",
            "output": [
                "What may Celebi first do if his front door opens at a wrong time when he is away?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0fab656f3e96405ca66d18f0960a3eb3",
            "input": "Article: In the Arctic Ocean waters live the social animals---belugas, which is also known as white whales. Highly intelligent, these whales use different sounds to communicate and find their way. Belugas are also among the smallest kinds of whales. More than 210 belugas, including 31 in the United States, live in aquariums   around the world. The Georgia Aquarium has asked for permission to bring 18 more belugas into the U.S. The whales were caught off the coast of Russia. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is considering the aquarium's request thoroughly. A law called the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) says the animals can only be brought into the country and put on display if they are caught without being hurt and there is an educational reason for doing so. Georgia Aquarium officials say the 18 belugas will help people learn more about the species and allow scientists to better understand how to protect it. The aquarium would also breed the whales so the U.S. aquariums can continue to display them. \"When we can study and observe, we gain a better understanding of their biology and diseases that affect them, and learn how to aid populations in their natural habitats,\" says William Hurley, Georgia Aquarium's chief officer. \"Much of this research would be impossible in the remote locations and extreme climates where the animals live.\" The Georgia Aquarium would own the 18 belugas and would rent some to aquariums across the country. Meanwhile, many scientists, including Lori Marino, a whale expert, feel strongly that the whales belong in the ocean, not in tanks. These scientists say the whales are being used for entertainment and not for education, and having them in aquariums is not necessary for the species to survive. Marino said, \"Not only is it unfair to the belugas but there is no educational value in putting these whales on display.\" \n Answer: They are the smallest in number.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about belugas?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-91eddbc46c3846cf8ea0c49594e07c95",
            "input": "Article: \"There's going to be one less boy in the room!\" The words rang in my ears as the criminal  pointed his gun against my head. The floodgates opened and tears ran down my face. No one in the courtroom  moved. Everyone was held silent with fear. A few seconds passed and the criminal put down his gun, turning his back on me. \"Cut!\" the director shouted with joy. One take! We had done the scene in just one take. Then all the people who acted in the film went off for lunch. I got my food and joined them, and the criminal, who had moments before been so scary, took his seat beside me and told us many funny jokes. A table of adults surrounded me, but I was never uncomfortable talking with strangers. I worked with these people and they worked with me. We talked, we laughed, we got to know each other and sometimes we became friends. At the end of the day we all went our separate ways, but we had been drawn close by working together to make this play. After the show was broadcast, my friends asked if I had been scared of the criminal. At first this sounded funny. He was, after all, a kind and intelligent man. Then I realized that they didn't see that side of him. Television and films are about creating an alternate  life that appears real even if for a while. We had been successful in doing that. Even my friends, who knew the real me, were drawn in the make-believe world of our story. Acting has helped me to feel comfortable in my own skin and in communicating with others. I feel relaxed during interviews and when leadership opportunities come. Change is not threatening  to me, and I am grateful for the chance to learn and to grow in knowledge and experience in my life. \n Answer: Anxious and terrified.",
            "output": [
                "In the film, what was the manner of the author's character when facing the criminal?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eaa7cc99c1fa45f496f23e1494a16f42",
            "input": "Article: \" Dining out\", or \" eating out \",is a phrase people use in Britain when they eat in a restaurant or a pub. Eating out is more popular in Britain today than ever before. However, eating out can be expensive. Restaurants are normally more expensive than pubs, though many pubs serve very good ,simple food. As British people don't dine out every night of the week ,eating in a restaurant is often seen as a special occasion. When going for the first date, or if celebrating an anniversary or a birthday, many people like to go to a restaurant. People often eat in a restaurant before going to the cinema or the theatre. As in all cultures, there are many rules of etiquette  surrounding food and eating, and nowhere is this more _ than when eating in a smart restaurant. People are almost always expected to eat with a knife and fork and these should be held in the correct hand and used in the correct way. It is also impolite to have your elbows on the dining table when you are eating. There're many such \"unspoken\" rules -- they are normally only important when eating in a very elegant and expensive restaurant, and vary slightly from restaurant to restaurant and place to place. A recent nationwide survey showed that there was a divide in manners between the north and south of Britain ---the \"worst\" manners were in Scotland and the northeast, and the \"best\" in Wales and the southeast! However, this survey was almost certainly conducted by someone in the southeast, so it may not be entirely fair. Naturally, restaurants vary greatly in quality and price. However, almost all British cities have a vast range of food and cooking styles to choose from as well as traditional British food, from the very cheap to the very expensive -- French, Italian, Indian, Greek, Thai, Japanese and many more. In fact, when asked what their favorite food is, many British people say an Indian curry  rather than any other dish! As well as dining in a restaurant ,when people are too tired to cook after work they often get a \"takeaway\". This means they order from a takeaway or takeout restaurant by phone, then go to collect it and take it home to eat. Many takeout restaurants also deliver to your house. While you can normally find a takeout restaurant for almost any cuisine, the most popular are Italian, Indian and Chinese -- and all you have to do is to open the door, pay and eat! \n Answer: Traditional British food is seldom served in British restaurants.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a4e41ceed56a418ea8e8efe9648d5406",
            "input": "Article: The local bus network gives access to most of the attractions of Nottinghamshire,making it easy for you to enjoy all that the county has to offer.     Why not let Nottinghamshire's buses provide you with a cheep,convenient and safe way of enjoying a day out. they even take away the worry of stopping for lunch, having a drink and then deciding who's going to drive home. Special Sunday ticket saves you money. Nottinghamshire County Council's Day Ranger tickets give you unlimited travel on buses right across the county every Sunday and Bank Holiday Monday and will entitle(...)you to discounts at several visitor attractions.This means that you can save money by traveling by bus.Prices are currently:       Adults                                             PS5.00       Children&Concessions                     PS2.50       Family ticket                                    PS9.00                                           (2 adults&up to 3 children) Simply buy your ticket on the first bus you board on a Sunday and then travel wherever you want in Nottinghamshire for the rest of the day. Finding out about getting around the county couldn't be easier.Information on bus service is widely available at:     . Bus stations     . Libraries     . County contact points     .Tourist information centers. You can also visit our web site at:www.Nottinghamshire.gov.uk/buses There is extensive information on bus travel and the attractions of the county. We also provide a journey planner and access to timetables for all the bus services operating in the county. There are links to the individual bus operators for further information on fares and special offers.                                     Traveline                                     Public transport info                                     0870 608 2 608                           www. traveline.org.uk \n Answer: We need purchase our tickets anytime we get on board the bus.",
            "output": [
                "What can we do according to the ad?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b245b775fe52444884cdfd2745c372ed",
            "input": "Article: Erik Weihenmayer wants to climb Mount Everest. He loves to climb, and there is no place greater for climbers than the Himalayan peak of 29,035 feet, the world's highest mountain. Weihenmayer is blind. He has been blind since age 13, when an eye disease robbed him of his sight. His new book, Touch the Top of the  World, A blind Man's Journey to Climb Farther than the Eye Can See, describes his blindness and climbing. He is the first blind man to attempt Everest. The team reached base camp at 17,800 feet last Wednesday and begins its climb Saturday. If all goes well, Weihenmayer will reach the top on or about May 15. \"I'm not just some token blind guy, \" Weihrnmayer, aged 32, said hours before he left Los Angeles on Friday for prefix = st1 /Katmandu,Nepal. \"I put my life in my fellow climbers' hands, and they put their lives in my hands. It's an honour to reach that state.\" \"I want to experience the sense of adventure. Blindness has nothing to do with that. But a message of the climb is that a blind person can join a team and climb the highest mountain in the world.\" Weihenmayer has climbed the highest peaks on four continents: North America's Mount McKinley, South America's Aconcagua, Africa's Kilimanjaro and Antarctica's Vinson Massif. He is an expert rock and ice climber, having scaled EL Capitan in YosemiteNational Park. When he was 16, he attended a school that taught blind people to be independent. One day, a group went rock climbing. \"I really liked it,\" Weihenmayer said. \"You can problem - solve. It is pretty sense in your inner mind. People didn't think blind people could go out and become expert rock climbers.\" \n Answer: Weihenmayer is the first man to climb Everest.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following sentences is NOT True?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d85bfc5970a9492d8cc92890aaf0eee0",
            "input": "Article: TheUnitedStateshasaround475,000schoolbuses.Eachdaytheycarrymorethan25million children,halfofalltheschoolchildreninthecountry. Thesebuses,onaverage,use4litersofdiesel fueltotravellessthan16kilometers. When theschoolyearbeganlastfall,dieselaveraged55centsaliternationally.Thepricenearlydoubledby theendofschool inJune. BobRileyisthespokesmanfortheAmericanSchoolBusCouncil.Hesaysfuelpricesnegotiated  for schools arenot lower thanothers have to pay. Asaresult,schoolsarelookingfor waystoreducetransportationcosts.Busroutesarebeing redrawnor,insomecases,canceled.Someareas arebuyingbusesthatuse naturalgas orother alternativefuels. Otherstepsincludefewerfieldtrips andlesstravel bysports teams.Someschool districtsmayend any busservicenotrequiredby law. Studiesshowthatschoolbusesarethesafestform oftransportationtoandfrom school. The AmericanSchoolBus Councilsayscutsinbus serviceare badfor childrenandpossiblythe environment.Itsaysremovingbusesfromtheroadwillmeananincreaseinothervehiclestransporting students. Spokesman Bob Riley saysanotherconcern is thatreducing  busservicemightreduce attendance. It couldalso getmorechildren to walkor bicycle to school.That wouldsurely makepeople happy attheNationalCenterforSafeRoutestoSchool.Morekidswalkingorbikingsafelytoschoolisthe aimofa3-year-oldfederal program,partofaninternationalmovement.Thegoalis toincreasephysical activity and reduce air pollution. \n Answer: Trafficjams willbereducedduringrushhour.",
            "output": [
                "Whatistheadvantage ofreducingschoolbusserviceaccordingto thepassage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6385933c5519438fae71efa52d700272",
            "input": "Article: The cost of raising a child from birth to age 18 is about $ 160,140! That doesn't even touch college tuition. For those with kids, this figure might lead them thinking how much they could have banked. For others, that number might confirmthe decision to remain childless. But $ 160,140 isn't so bad if you break it down. It translates into $ 8 ,896. 66 a year, $ 741. 38 a month, or $171. 08 a week. That's a mere $24. 44 a day! Just over a dollar an hour. Still, you might think the best financial advice says don't have children if you ever want to be \"rich\". It is not. What do you get for your $ 160,140? *         Naming rights. *         Giggles under the covers every night. *         More love than your heart can hold. *         Kisses and hugs. *         Endless wonder over rocks, ants, clouds, and warm cookies. *         A hand to hold usually covered with jam. *         A partner for blowing bubbles, flying kites, and building sandeastles. For $ 160,140, you never have to grow up! You get to finger-paint, carve pumpkins, play hide-and-seek, and never stop believing in Santa Claus. You have an excuse to keep reading the Adventures of Piglet and Pooh, watching cartoons , going to Disney movies, and wishing on stars. For $ 160,140, you get to be a hero just for taking the training wheels off the bike, and coaching a baseball team that never wins but always gets treated to ice cream regardless. You get a front row seat to history; to witness the first step, first word, first date, and first time behind the wheel. You get to be immortal  You get another branch added to your family tree. You get an education in nursing, criminal justice and communications that no college can match. In the eyes of a child, you rank right up there with God. You have all the power to correct a mistake, scare away the monsters under the bed, patch a broken heart, police a party, and love them without limits, so one day they will, like you, love without counting the cost. ...... \n Answer: You get admiration as a parent.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true after you have a child?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b3ca81e020945beba61a31fbd040eb6",
            "input": "Article: I got invited to go with some friends to a game at another school. A senior will be driving us, and I think she's a good driver, but it's someone my parents don't know. I want to tell my parents where I'm going, but what if I ask and they say \"no\"? I'll end up wishing I never mentioned it and just went ahead and did it anyway. If you want more privileges, it's best to build a track record of honesty and trust. Letting a parent know where you're going is always a good idea. You may worry that telling your parents puts you at risk of getting \"no\" for an answer. But there's a good chance your parents might be OK with you going. If you go but don't tell them, you risk losing something more important -- your parents' trust. Parents who find out their kids did something behind their backs may be less likely to give permission to do things in the future. When trust is broken like this, parents wonder if teens are trying to hide something -- and what they imagine can be far worse than the reality. Before you talk to your parents about the game, think about which approach will help them feel most comfortable with giving you more freedom. Maybe they'd like to meet the person driving or talk to friends who have driven with her in the past. If your parents have questions or hesitate about letting you go, find out what their worries are and then do your best to answer them. \n Answer: To be honest and win their trust.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best way to get parents' permission according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9fc5493bff94409985d84299e5b1fd92",
            "input": "Article: \"Over the years the unthinkable has become thinkable and today we sense we are close to being able to alter human heredity oe#).\" These were the words of David Baltimore of the California Institute of Technology, on December 1st, when he opened a three-day meeting in Washington to discuss the morality and use of human gene editing. Dr Baltimore is an old hand at these sorts of discussions, for he was also a participant in the Asilomar conference, in 1975, which brought scientists together to discuss a safe way of using the then-new tcchnology of recombinant DNA, and whose recommendations influenced a generation of biotechnology researchers. Four decades on, the need for a similar sort of _ has arisen. The International Summit on Human Gene Editing has been held by the national scientific academies of three countries -- America, Britain and China. They are particularly concerned about whether gene editing should be used to make heritable changes to the human germ line, something Dr Baltimore described as a deep and troubling question. Like those of Asilomar, the conclusions of this meeting will not be binding. But the hope is that, again like Asilomar, a mixture of common sense and peer pressure will create a world in which scientists are trusted to regulate themselves, rather than having politicians and civil servants do it for them. The meeting is being held against a backdrop of rapid scientific advance, Since 2012 research into a new, easy-to-use editing tool called CRISPR-Cas9 has blossomed. This technique involves a piece of RNA (a chemical messenger, which can be used to recognise a target section of DNA) and an enzyme   called a nuclease that can snip unwanted genes out and paste new ones in. Public interest was aroused in April, when Chinese scientists announced they had edited genes in non-viable ( ) human embryos, and again in November when British researchers said they had successfully treated a one-year-old girl who had leukaemia ( ), using gene-edited T-cells. T-cells are part of the immune system that attack, among other things, tumour cells. The researchers altered T-cells from a healthy donor to encourage them to recognise and kill the patient's cancer, to make them immune to her leukaemia drug, and to ensure they did not attack her healthy cells. In another recent development, a firm called Edit as Medicine, which is based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, has said it hopes, in 2017, to start human clinical trials of CRISPR-Cas9 as a treatment for a rare genetic form of blindness known as Leber congenital amaurosis  . Though other companies are already testing gene-editing therapies, these employ older, clunkier forms of the technology that seem likely to have less commercial potential. Moreover, researchers at the Broad Institute, also in Cambridge, said this week that they had made changes to CRISPR-Cas9 which greatly reduce the rate of editing errors -- one of the main obstacles to the technique's medical use. On the subject of germ-line editing, Eric Lander, the Broad's head, told the meeting it would be useful only in rare cases and said it might be a good idea to \"exercise caution? before making permanent changes to the gene pool. The need for caution is advice that might also be heeded by those pursuing work in animals other than people, and in plants -- subjects not being covered by the summit. \n Answer: More research should be made before the technology comes into wide use.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8b8d32c9ec7c49e8a7d8d2990756ca1e",
            "input": "Article: LONDON: The Edinburgh Festival, the biggest arts festival of its kind in the world, got under way in the Scotland capital on Sunday with a concert that included Hector Berlionz'sTo Deum, under the direction of Christoph von Dohnanyi. The festival, which runs until August 31 this year, includes as its high points Peter Stein's staging of Wagner'sParsifal, with Claudio Abbado directing the Gustav Mahler youth orchestra. The concert programme includes American pianist Richard Goode, bass baritone Thomas Quasthoff and violinist Christian Tetzlaff. New to the programmes this year will be 25 late evening classical music concerts. Earlier this month, the Edinburgh Fringe Festival, the largest show-case in the world for performance art, officially got under way with theatre, dance, poetry and music presentations. Many of the fringe artists, who can enter the fringe festival upon payment of a small fee, were inspired this year by the event of September 11. Thousands of people flock to Edinburgh from around the world during the festival, which is over 50 years old. It aims to promote and encourage arts and to reflect international culture. It consists of various dance, music, opera, and theatre presentation taking place across the city during the three-week run. \n Answer: Hector Berlionz",
            "output": [
                "Who will perform in the concert on Sunday?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0fbe2cafe2964bcc8707caf0fe9c175b",
            "input": "Article: Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet, but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes, which are otherwise calm and good-natured, sleep only 4.6 hours a day. We realized a long, long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint for invention. We've borrowed canals from beavers and reflectors from cat's eyes. Although the words \"bionics\"  became popular only after the 1960s, history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday problems. Our archives  don't go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes. To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature. One of Orville Wright's pupils caught and stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan. Meanwhile, two French inventors examined spinning sycamore  seeds in an effort to apply those same motions, reversed, to a helicopter . Some examples are more obvious than others. The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright brothers looks like a minimalistic  structure. On the other hand, Barney Connett's fish submarine actually looks like a fish. Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented. In the 1960s, the US Army commissioned several university professors to conduct research on the motor skills animals in hope of applying those same abilities to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers -sounds shocking, doesn't it? But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that. \n Answer: People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane.",
            "output": [
                "What happened after the Wright brothers' success?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-562fe15eefdb41cda3449f0ab5bcb6bd",
            "input": "Article: If a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen   dissolved   in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles   accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body -- thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or brain, the consequence can be death. Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression   sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs  . That these ancient sea-animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends. Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a suty of ichthyosaurs bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompession over the 150 milllion years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world's natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Trassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before the died, but not a single Trassic specimen showed evidence of that sort of injury. If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly -- and, most strangly, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr Rothchild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have sufaced to escape a predator   such as a large shark. One of the features of the Jurassia oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaurs lunches. Trassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark-and crocodile-free. In the Trassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurrasic and Cretaceous, they were prey   as well as predator --and often had to make a speedy exit as a result. \n Answer: A twisted body.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d6786561927a43d8815e13a80f0093e3",
            "input": "Article: As a parent you might never guess all the ways a good imagination benefits your child. It helps a preschooler : Develop social skills As children play pretend, they explore relationships between family members, friends and coworkers and learn more about how people interact. Playing doctor, they imagine how physicians care for their patients. Playing house, they learn more about how parents feel about their children. Imaginative play helps develop empathy  for others. If children can imagine how it feels to be left out of a game or to lose a pet, they are better able to help those in need. They become more willing to play fair, to share, and to cooperate. Build selfconfidence Young children have very little control over their lives. Imagining oneself as a builder of skyscrapers  or a superhero defending the planet is empowering to a child. It helps them develop confidence in their abilities and their potential. Boost intellectual growth Using the imagination is the beginning of abstract thought.Children who can see a king's castle in a mound  of sand or a delicious dinner in a mud pie are learning to think symbolically . This skill is important in school where a child will have to learn that numerals symbolize groups of objects, letters symbolize sounds, and so on. Practice language skills Kids who play pretend with their friends do a lot of talking.This helps _ their vocabulary, improve sentence structure and promote communication skills. Work out fears Playing pretend can help children work out their fears and worries. When children roleplay about the big, bad monster under the bed, they gain a sense of control over him and he doesn't seem quite so big or so bad. Imaginative play also helps kids vent  confusing feelings they might have, such as anger toward a parent or compete with a new sibling . To encourage your youngster's imagination, read to him every day. Books offer children the opportunity to visit other worlds and create new ones of their own. For generations children have enjoyed reading the story of Peter Pan because Peter takes them on fascinating adventures.Reader's Digest Young Families offers a beautiful typical Disney edition of Peter Pan, which is an iParenting Media Award winner. Click here to find out how you can get this classic story along with 2 free books-Bambi and Pinocchio. \n Answer: Helping them form a good habit of reading stories.",
            "output": [
                "What's NOT the advantage of children having a good imagination?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4620207f8284437093b16417bd9d23e2",
            "input": "Article: Most kids hate to see their summer end, perhaps none more than the Murset children. This summer, the Murset family decided to travel across the country to help families in need, which proved to be a wonderful experience. People. comreported that Gregg Murset and his wife, Kami, decided to take their six children, ranging from 7 to 16 years old, from their home in Phoenix, Arizona, across the country to spend 20 days on the road to help 25 families in need. \"I told the kids and my wife over breakfast that I wanted to do this,\" Gregg Murset, 40, told People. com. \"They all looked at me like I was crazy,\" he said, \"but when we started to read the stories of people we were going to help, their attitudes completely changed.\" Through Gregg's company, he was able to be matched with groups such as Autism Speaks, the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, and others that connected the Mursets to families with children who have cancer and other serious illnesses. \"When you have a kid who is struggling, the last thing you're thinking of is cleaning the house,\" says Gregg. The family traveled to many cities in their journey, including Albuquerque, Denver, Kansas City, Chicago, and Buffalo. The trip covered 6,500 miles. \"It's been amazing to watch my own children open their eyes and see that the world is bigger than they think,\" he said. \"Even the little kids are learning from this experience.\" And the families they've helped feel blessed to have met them. \"They showed up at 8 a.m. and we had a list of things we needed help with,\" said Jim Spencer, a 61-year-old father in Warren, Michigan, whose 12-year-old daughter, Lexi, was diagnosed  with cancer a couple of years ago. The Mursets also used their travels as an opportunity to visit areas they had never been to, including the Statue of Liberty. But for Gregg, the main purpose of the trip was to teach his children to show concern for the happiness of other people rather than for themselves. \"There is nothing wrong with your kid getting off the sofa, doing some work and sweating,\" said Gregg. \"It's good for the kid and it's good for the soul.\" \n Answer: Amazed.",
            "output": [
                "How did the kids feel when Gregg Murset first told the family about his plan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7dba88a73a3b4a318778507ce4a4fccb",
            "input": "Article: The January fashion show, called Future Fashion, exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines. The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, a cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. \"Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren't comparable materials that can just replace what you're doing and what your customers are used to,\" he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents . Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. \"Main-stream is about to occur,\" says Hahn. Some analysts are less sure. Among consumers, only 18% are even aware that eco-fashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer. When asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied, \"Not that I'm aware of.\" Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she's on the hunt for \"cute stuff that isn't too expensive.\" By her own admission, green just isn't yet on her mind. But thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers--one day it will be. \n Answer: It inspired leading designers to start going green.",
            "output": [
                "What is said about Future Fashion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-98e8fbba751b4a1fa806fcbe159ac236",
            "input": "Article: Drinking wine in moderation improves the IQ and may boost mental agility in old people,according to Japanese researchers. A study of the effects of alcohol on the middle aged and elderly found the average IQ of men who drink wine (whether made from grapes or rice) was 3.3 points higher than that of men who do not imbibe. Similarly,the IQ of women drinkers showed an improvement of 2.5 points over their teetotal sisters.The findings are part of an ongoing study by Japan's National Institute for Longevity into the links between human intelligence and what we eat and drink. The tests measured general knowledge,powers of judgment and concentration in drinkers and non-drinkers over 40,all living in Aichi prefecture,central Japan,and sharing the same income level-roughlyPS50 000 a year--and educational background.All were university graduates. But while wine-drinkers appeared to be brighter,the same was not true of those who drank deer,shochu (a local gin) and whisky. \"The benefits of wine and sake (rice wine) in raising IQ could be due to substances they contain,such as polyphenol,which are believed to slow the ageing process,\" Hiroshi Shimokata,head of epidemiology research,said. It was premature to conclude,he added,that drinking wine or sake slowed the deterioration of brain functions in the elderly,or warded off senility.The research does,however,suggest that this is one way to stay mentally alert longer. But there is a sobering caveat:drinking too much may make you dimmer.\"People who drink more than 540 milli-litres (a little over a pint) of sake or wine a day had lower intelligence quotients than those who did not drink at all,\"Hiroshi Shimokata said.\"Moderation is very important.\" \n Answer: Drinking wine in a reasonable amount raises the IQ of old people.",
            "output": [
                "Which one is the topic of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b3c8fc5c2b3e4dad8a18c64cb33b5761",
            "input": "Article: Martha's Vineyard has long been considered a favorite quiet of the Northeast. The vineyard is rich in history, breathtaking beaches, and beautiful scenery. It is well known for its unique lighthouses - you'll enjoy the variety and the history of each lighthouse, among the most photographed structures on the Vineyard. When the former First Family, the Clintons, chose to vacation on the island several years ago, it became a more popular tourist attraction. Martha's Vineyard got its name from its discoverer, Bartholomew Gosnold, who gave it the name of his wife Martha and was in memory of the thick growth of wild trees on the land. The island of Martha's Vineyard lies south of Cape Cod off the southeastern coast of Massachusetts,United States. It is nearly 20 miles long and runs from 2 to 10 miles in width. There are wide,hard beaches on the southern side. The north is hilly, but in the south and eastern parts there are wide areas of open land covered with wild flowers.  The island was discovered early in the 17th century. The Indians were quiet and friendly, and the new-comers fished for a living, making a lot of money from whaling  . With the decline   of whaling and sailing ships. Martha's Vineyard was almost forgotten until about 60 years ago when people began to buy the old houses of the whaling captains and the small building of the fishermen near the beaches. Now people go there year after year for their summer holidays. \n Answer: Lighthouses.",
            "output": [
                "What is Martha's Vineyard famous for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-034ee204b2d8479d8cd5e107d725a05a",
            "input": "Article: China Daily Oct. 11----The ministry of Health has called for more awareness from the public on the mental health of the young, as part of efforts to make World Mental Health Day which fell on Friday. More than 15 percent of Chinese youths have been found with mental problems, and about 30 million young people under 17 are suffering from depression, the Shang-based Wenhui Daily reported. The World Health Organization estimates that before 2020, the rate of children with mental problems will increase to 50 percent, and mental problems will become a major factor behind deaths and illness in the young worldwide. Deng  Xiaohong, the spokesperson for the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau, said rapid changes are one of the reasons behind the rising number of youngsters with psychological problems. If these mental diseases are not addressed on time, occurrence of crimes, drug-taking and other dangerous behavior are expected to rise. Experts said mental diseases could be caused by many factors, such as the inability to handle interpersonal relations well, unstable emotions and pressures from an overload of studies. A number of experts have also said the one-child policy is another reason leading to poor mental health in the young. Children are said to be too \" spoiled\" and \"selfish\" in a one-child family. It's reported  schools in many cities are rolling out measures to help students maintain their mental well-being. Yin Jingmiao, a teacher of the Beijing No.105 Middle School, told China Daily that the school invites psychologists to provide counseling to students three times a month.\"  Students can be arranged to have 40-minute counseling sessions,\" Yin said. The school also gives lectures on mental health to senior grade students before they take the national college entrance exams to help ease any anxiety arising from the tests. \n Answer: Public Awareness on Youngsters' Mental Disease Expected",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f19c1e4061d944d49204247d4f17df4c",
            "input": "Article: Many Christmas customs are based on the birth of Christ, such as giving presents because of the Wise Men, who brought presents to the baby Jesus Singing Christmas carols is based on the scene of the birth with figures of shepherds, the Wise Men and animals surrounding the baby Jesus. The origin of Santa Claus begins in the 4th century with St. Nicholas, Bishop of Myra, an area in the present-day Turkey. By all accounts St. Nicholas was a generous man, particularly devoted to children. After his death around 340 A. D. he was buried in Myra, but in 1087 Italian sailors were believed to steal his remains and removed them to Italy, greatly increasing St. Nicholas' popularity throughout Europe. His kindness and reputation for generosity gave rise to claims that he could perform miracles and devotion to him increased. St. Nicholas became the patron saint of Russia, where he was known by his red cap, flowing white beard, and bishop's mitre. In Greece, he was the patron saint of sailors; in France, he was the patron of lawyers, and in Belgium, the patron of children and travelers. Thousands of churches across Europe were dedicated to him and sometime around the 12th century an official holiday was created in his honor. The Feast of St. Nicholas was celebrated on December 6 and the day was marked by gift-giving and charity. After the Reformation, European followers of St. Nicholas declined, but the legend was kept alive in Holland where the Dutch spelling of his name Sint Nikolass was eventually transformed to _ . Dutch children would leave their wooden shoes by the fireplace, and Sinterklaas would reward good children by placing treats in their shoes. Dutch colonists brought this tradition with them to America in the 17th century and here the English name of Santa Claus appeared. \n Answer: Because of his devotion to Italian children.",
            "output": [
                "Why, as is believed, is Santa Claus so popular in Europe?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-91fe87bd0e454c5fa5f36f4c5d6c3513",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever thought of joining a book club and buying new books through the post? Here at the International Book Club, we already have many members buying books from us by mail. Immediate benefits: *As a special offer, you may choose any reduced-price books from our new members' book list, to the value of $6 in total (plus postage and packing). By doing this, you will save pounds on the publishers' prices. *Tick the box on your form to order a free watch. *If you reply within seven days, we will send you another free gift carefully chosen from our book list by our staff. *Order a DVD from the many on offer in our list, at half the recommended retail price. *When you've joined: As a member, you'll enjoy savings of between 30% and 50% off the publisher's price on every book you buy, and what's more, they'll come straight to your door.  Your free club magazine arrives once a month, to keep you up-to-date with the latest bestsellers. This means that every year we offer over 1,000 books to choose from. On the Internet, you can find all our titles for the year on our exclusive members' website. Being a member: All we are asking you to do while you are a member is to choose four books during your first year. After that, you can decide on the number of books you wish to take. In each of our monthly club magazines, our experienced staff choose a Club Choice book -- a work of fiction or a reference title which they feel is particularly worth buying, and which is offered at an extra-special price. However, if you do not want this book, just say so in the space provided on the form. We will always send the book if we do not receive this. So, return your application form today, but hurry -- it's not every day we can make you an offer like this. To apply to become a member, all you need to do is simply fill in the enclosed form and return it in the envelope supplied. Before you know it, your books will be with you. Please don't send any money now, as we will send you your bill with the books. And remember, you have up to a fortnight to decide if you wish to keep the books you have ordered. You should then either return the books or send your payment. \n Answer: Order a DVD at a low price.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following doesn't belong to the benefits of being a club member?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f553c2fad0ca4d11b65b18d0f8b34480",
            "input": "Article: Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture  the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman's smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion across cultures. For example, many people in Russia smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don't smile enough. In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile. Our faces show emotions, but we should not attempt to \"read\" people from another culture as we would \"read\" someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly. It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of  \"reading\" the other person incorrectly. \n Answer: Thankfulness",
            "output": [
                "What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff0d1efe539e4d749ff4fd367af913b0",
            "input": "Article: Goodreads. com is a website for book lovers everywhere. If you love to read, and if you love social networking, you should check out Goodreads. The website marries social networking and books in such a way as makes your friends' reading progress easy to follow and makes it simpler than ever to find your next reading material. Goodreads is a social network for readers. Like Facebook or Twitter, it allows you to share information. Unlike most popular social networks, Goodreads also allows you to show your friends your progress on the book you are reading and to write reviews for everything you've ever read. You can see and comment on your friends' reading progress. Goodreads is simple to use. When you sign up for an account, you will be able to find your friends by their email addresses or other social network accounts. Once you have some friends, every time you log in, you will see a timeline of their updates. You can see when they've added a book to a list, or when they've finished or reviewed a book. As soon as you have an account, you can also start looking for books you've read or that you want to read and added them to your lists. Once you finish reading a book, you can go to the book page and review it by giving it any number out of five stars. If you wish to write a longer review, you can do that, too.    If you have ever finished a book and needed a recommendation for what to read next, Goodreads has the answer. Finding your next book has never been easier. Now, not only can you search for individual books you know you want to read and add them to your \"to read\" list, but you can also easily see what your friends have recently read. When you search through your friends' reviews, you can also see who likes what books, making your selection process even easier. Adding books to your \"to read\" list can help you keep track of what you want to read next, and seeing what books your friends enjoy - or don't enjoy- can help you better your list of books to read next.     Like all good social networks, Goodreads has apps   for mobile phones and ways to connect to other social networks. You can get Goodreads for iphone and Android by downloading them from the App Store or Andorid Market.     You can also connect your Facebook and Twitter accounts so all of your networks know what you're reading. Furthermore, you can connect your Amazon Kindle to automatically update your progress on your e-books. Last but not least , you can set up Goodreads to auto- publish book reviews to your Wordpress or blog. Sharing your favorite books has never been easier .    If you want to create a web space for your own book club, you can do that easily; just start a new group on Goodreads and update the page to show what books you're reading. You can also create events to easily share with members where and when book club meetings and author readings are taking place. Goodreads. com is young, but we will do our best to attract more people and we hope you can use it and give us your advice. \n Answer: Parents.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the potential readers of the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-335c0346d474436bab204bc610b2a611",
            "input": "Article: Recently, I experienced a wonderful lesson in how little things still mean a lot. My brother, mother and I live in a very rural district on the Big Island of Hawaii. Our farm is at least a dozen miles from the most basic of services. Consequently, we take weekly trips to COSTCO to procure fuel and supplies. About a month ago, we'd finished loading up the SUV and prepared to leave. As I settled into my seat, I glanced down at the roadside, when a piece of paper caught my eye. I picked it up and read it carefully. Instantly, I was grateful I did. The form turned out to be a receipt from the State Motor Vehicle Division, documenting the owners' payment of their Vehicle's Registration fees. Quickly, I put myself in their shoes and figured: no one would throw this out, especially if it was current. I also looked over the form for contact or any personal data, perhaps a license tag or telephone number. But that seemed impractical. Although the form had been born on the wind, where in the busy, crowded parking lot would I find the owners? Had it been lying there for a few minutes or a week? So I checked the date, the fees paid, noted the names of the owners and pocketed the receipt. Recalling the parable of the Good Samaritan, I concluded that the best and easiest step to take was to put the form in an envelope addressed to the couple and send it to them by post. Further, I imagined how crazy I'd be if I had misplaced my receipt. Much easier to attempt returning it than to leave them angry, upset, etc. over the loss. By the end of the week, I received a beautiful thank-you letter from a very grateful and happy couple containing a hand written message and a gift card to use at any Starbuck's. In her note, the wife explained how a gust of wind snatched their receipt from a pocket in her car's passenger door. They had panicked and searched crazily for quite some time before giving up. It felt great to know I'd helped someone avoid a major loss by doing something that at first glance seemed minor or even unimportant. \n Answer: He was thankful to pick up the paper because he found it for a long time.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author really mean when he said \"Instantly, I was grateful I did.\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0b9cc1138b084192bd2ad70b4ad8a16e",
            "input": "Article: I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in New York when the workers were walking towards home in the evening. I recognized my father near Cooper Union, a frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart  . He looked so lonely; tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile.     \"Arch,\" he said, \"so you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana.\"     He offered me one, but I refused it. I felt it important that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet snow.     \"You haven't sold many bananas today, Dad,\" I said.     \"What can I do? No one seems to want them,\" Dad said.     It was true. The crowds pushed home; the sky darkened over the New York buildings; the tall street lamps were lit; street cars and bikes went by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father's bananas.    \"I ought to yell ,\" said my father sadly. \"I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers  , but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, I'm ashamed of yelling; it makes me feel like a fool.\"     I had eaten one of his bananas. A voice deep down told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father.     \"I'll yell for you, Dad,\" I volunteered.     \"Arch, no,\" he said, \"go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell momma I'll be late.\"     But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke words of praise, and said I was a wonderful yeller. However, nobody else paid attention; nobody listened and came to buy our bananas.     My father tried to stop me at last. He said, \"That was wonderful yelling, Arch. But it's just we are unlucky today! Let's go home.\"     I insisted on keeping up my yells. But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him. \n Answer: Determined.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can NOT be used to describe the son?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e80ad46fea04d2f83987dd68ce9a4b7",
            "input": "Article: Nowadays, the increase in the prices of agricultural products is one of the greatest concerns of the people and the government. The government has announced a series of policies  to prevent the prices from rising further. Rising housing prices is still a big concern for the people, but since farm products are needed every day, the increase in their prices has made life very difficult for them. Many people may think the increase will help farmers. But have higher prices of farm products really benefited the farmers? Take the increase in vegetable prices in the first half of this year for example. Though natural disasters such as droughts and spring frost did not cause the prices of farm products to increase greatly--in fact, prices of some products did not increase at all--vegetables have become dearer by as much as 20 percent compared to that of last year. This means only a small part (or even none) of the extra money that city people have paid to buy farm products has gone to the farmers. The extra cost actually has gone to middlemen. As the fact shows, just increasing prices of farm products will have negative influence on the entire economy. On one hand, the price increase has created some abnormal phenomena, which hurts farmers' interests. On the other hand, resources will enter the agriculture because of the high price of farm products, which would finally create negative effect on the whole economy. In such a case, it would be better to leave the market to decide the prices instead of raising farm products' prices to protect the interests of farmers. Actually, such a way will be better for farmers in the long run. \n Answer: Price increase has not helped farmers.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mainly want to tell us by writing the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b32db8ac89bb4e5fbb0b4a9ff320de56",
            "input": "Article: How often do you use your car? Can you use your car less often? Do you know the following facts in the UK? * About 50% of all car journeys are just for fun. * Over 80% people go to work by car. * 25% car journeys are under two miles. * 70% car journeys are under five miles. WALKING & CYCLING Instead of using the car for short journeys, why not walk or ride a bicycle? Walking is a most popular form of exercise--it's healthy and it can save you money. If you work nearby, try walking or cycling instead of driving. BUSES Bus companies are using new buses: some run on new fuels which produce less pollution; some have easier access for disabled and old people. There are special traffic lanes   to make bus journeys easier and more reliable. So do something to help solve the pollution problem--let the bus take you to work and your children to school. TRAINS All car journeys, long or short, can be hard work. For some trips it is wiser to take the train. Leave your car at home and walk, cycle or take a bus to and from the station. Train travel is fast, safe and comfortable. Train tickets are not always expensive; some are quite cheap at discount. \n Answer: About 50%",
            "output": [
                "How many of car journeys are just for fun in the UK?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d57665ba927d4da9803f1e0af97432e6",
            "input": "Article: Walking down a path through some woods in Georgia, I saw a small pool of water ahead on the path. I angled my direction to go around it on the part of the path that wasn't covered by water or mud. As I reached the pool, I was suddenly attacked! Yet I did nothing for the attack. It was so unpredictable and from somewhere totally unexpected. I was surprised as well as unhurt though I had been struck four or five times. I backed up a foot and my attacker stopped attacking me. Had I been hurt I wouldn't have found it amusing. And I was laughing. After all, I was being attacked by a butterfly! Having stopped, laughing, I took a step forward. My attacker rushed me again. He charged towards me at full speed, attempting to hurt me but in vain. For a second time, I took a step backwards while my attacker paused. I wasn't sure what to do. After all, it's just not everyday that one is attacked by a butterfly. I stepped back to look the situation over. My attacker moved back to land on the ground. That's when I discovered why my attacker was charging me only moments earlier. He had a mate and she was dying. Sitting close beside her, he opened and closed his wings as if to fan her. I could only admire the love and courage of that butterfly in his concern for his mate. He had taken it up on himself to attack me for his mate's sake  , even though she was clearly dying and I was so large. He did so just to give her those extra few precious moments of life, should I have been careless enough to step on her. His courage in attacking something thousands of times larger and heavier than himself just for his mate's safety seemed admirable. I couldn't do anything other than reward him by walking on the more difficult side of the pool. He had truly earned those moments to be with her, undisturbed. Since then, I've always tried to remember the courage of that butterfly whenever I see huge barriers facing me. \n Answer: To avoid getting his shoes dirty.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer change his direction while walking down a path?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6fbbda6f31a1477dbf0d74829a972fcd",
            "input": "Article: There are many places to go on safari in Africa, but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeys. Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure, providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta. The camps have excellent horses, professional guides and lots of support workers. _ have a reputation for providing a great riding experience. The morning ride, when the guides take you to beautiful, shallow lakes full of water lilies, tends to be more active. It is unlike any other riding experience. With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face. It is truly exciting. You are very likely to come across large wild animals, too. On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants, giraffes and many other animals. The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though, as does your heart rate, as you move closer to them. In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace. With golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink. _ though they are, rides at this time of day are still very impressive. As the sun's rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life. Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine. Looking back on your day, you will find it hard to deny that a horseback Safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild. \n Answer: Being part of the scene and getting close to animals.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author find most exciting about a horse safari?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c8ba46fee3ac461ea8a9f6f1baef7dc0",
            "input": "Article: Many people have heard stories of the California gold rush during the 19thcentury, when lots of people went there in search for gold. Panning   for gold has a rich and interesting history. Nowadays some people continue to pan for gold in California. Although it cannot be regarded as a method for earning income, taking on gold-panning as a hobby can give you a feeling of being in the old west and get you out into nature. The only tool that is required to pan for gold is a gold pan. You can use a regular old flat pan, but \"officially\" gold pans are quite cheap so you may as well buy one that is made for the task. Most sold pans come in either plastic or medal. Once you have your pan you will want to start practicing your gold panning technique. Panning for gold works because gold is much heavier than most rocks. To pan for gold you add rock and dirt form the bottom of a stream to your pan and then gently let water flow through the pan. The lighter-weight rocks are slowly swept away while any gold will be left behind in the pan. To start panning for gold, first you will need to find a good location. Try checking maps of your area and old history books to find location where there were gold mines in the past. Even though most of the gold have already been removed, there are likely to be small leftovers that you can find. Once you have found an area that looks promising, look for any small stream or river where you can try out panning for gold. Panning for gold requires patience and it may be a long time before you hit anything of value. However, it is an enjoyable hobby and provides a great opportunity to get outdoors, so don't give up too quickly. \n Answer: Neutral .",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's attitude toward modern gold-planning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b0d562d0db9a475bb545ab32441232a2",
            "input": "Article: Are _ born or made? In my case it was definitely made. In my early 20s, I hardly went to bed before midnight, and I would always get up late the next morning. But after a while I couldn't ignore the high relationship between success and rising early. On those rare occasions where I did get up early, I noticed that my productivity   was always higher. So I set out to become a habitual early riser. But whenever my alarm went off, my first thought was always to stop that noise and go back to sleep. Eventually some sleep research showed that my strategy was wrong. The most common wrong strategy is this: supposing you're going to get up earlier, you'd better go to bed earlier. It sounds very reasonable, but will usually fail. There are two main schools   of thought on sleep patterns. One is that you should go to bed and get up at the same time every day. The second school says you should go to bed when you're tired and get up when you naturally wake up. However, I have found both are wrong if you care about productivity. If you sleep at fixed hours, you'll sometimes go to bed when you aren't sleepy enough. You're wasting time lying in bed awake. My solution is to combine both methods. I go to bed when I'm sleepy and get up with an alarm clock at a fixed time. So I always get up at the same time (in my case 5 a.m.), but I go to bed at different times every night. However, going to bed only when I'm sleepy, and getting up at a fixed time every morning are my ways. If you want to become an early riser, you can try your own. \n Answer: Because he / she found that the productivity was higher.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author want to become a habitual early riser?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a6a19d10f8114040a83b75b85a782c68",
            "input": "Article: Eric and Doris King Turner are packing their bags for New Zealand.They're busy deciding what to pack and what to leave behind in Britain and are making plans to make their new home in Nelson.Doris is looking forward to getting the garden into shape and Eric has his heart set on a spot of fly fishing.The difference is that Eric is 102 , Doris is 87.Eric thinks he's Britain's oldest  _ .     In January next year Eric King Turner and his wife will wave goodbye to their neighbors,and set sail from Southampton on the voyage of a lifetime.The ocean liner   Saga Rose will take six weeks to get to Auckland and the couple are expecting a redcarpet welcome from family.     Doris was born in New Zealand but gave up her homeland when the couple met and married in the 90s.But New Zealand is close to both their hearts and the attraction of family and friends,and the good fishing helped to persuade them to move.     Doris,who has five children and nine grandchildren,supported her husband's application to settle in New Zealand . The paperwork took five months.Says Eric,\"We not only had to produce a marriage certificate but we had to produce evidence that we were in a long and firm relationship!\" Eric says he was not asked about his age but had to show that he could support himself financially   in New Zealand.     \"I like New Zealand.The way of life is very much the same as it is here but it is not so crowded . \" His wife has always been \"a little bit homesick\" but has never complained.Now the couple are in the middle of the task of sorting out possessions and selling their flat . \n Answer: The couple will set up their new home in Nelson.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2408b71b5918488f8c21aaa79fdafd53",
            "input": "Article: It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man.Over the phone ,his mother told him,\"Mr.Belser died last night ,The funeral is Wednesday.\"Memories flashed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days. When Jack was very young ,his father died.Mr Belser,who lived in the same neighborhood with them,spent as much time as he could to make sure Jack had a man's influence in his life.He spent a lot of time teachimg Jack he thought what was important in his following life.If Mr.Belser hadn' taught him how to weave,he wouldn't be in this business now.So he promised his mother he would attend Mr.Belser's funeral. \"You'd better not drive your car.It's a long way.\"his mother warned him. Busy as he was,he kept his word.Though tired from the earliest flight,Jack tried his best to help.Mr.Belser's funeral was small because he had no children of his own and most of his  s had passed away. The night before he had to return home,Jack and his mother stopped by to see the old house Mr.Belser once lived.Now it belonged to him.He bought the house from one of his  s. The house was exactly as he remembered.Every step held memories.Every picture,every piece of furniture... Jadk stopped suddenly. The box on his desk was gone!He once asked the old man what was inside.He just smiled and said it was the most valuable thing to him,though it almost cost nothing to others.He figured that someone from the Belser family had taken it .\"I will never know what was so valuable to him.\"Jack thought disappotntedly. Three days later returning home from work,Jack discovered a small package in his mailbox. The handwriting was difficult to read,but the return address caught his attention.\"Mr.Harold Belser\"it read. Jack couldn't wait to open it .Inside lay the familiar small box.His heart racing,Jack unlocked the box.Inside he found a gold pocket watch with these words engraved:\"Jack,Thanks for your time!Harold Belser.\"     \"The thing he valued most was my time.\"Jack held the watch before his chest,tears filling his eyes. \n Answer: A Precious Gift.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may be the title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-26e3e669ea9c42b5a80c2ba4514bfe9a",
            "input": "Article: A funny thing happened on the way to the communications revolution: we stopped talking to one another. I was walking in the park with a friend recently, and his cell phone rang, interrupting our conversation. There we were walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day and... I became invisible, absent from the conversation. The telephone used to connect you to the absent. Now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent. Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Every advance in communications technology is a tragedy to the closeness of human interaction . With email and instant messaging over the internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another. With voice mail, you can conduct  entire conversations without ever reaching anyone. If my mom  has a question, I just leave the answer on her machine. As almost every contact we can imagine between human  beings gets automated , the alienation index  goes up. You can't  even call a person to get the phone number of another person  any more. Directory assistance is almost always fully automated. I am not against modern technology. I own a cell phone,  an ATM card, a voice mail system, and an email account. Giving them up isn't wise... they're a great help to us. It's some of  their possible consequences that make me feel uneasy. More and more. I find myself hiding behind email to do a job meant for conversation. Or being relieved that voice mail   picked up because I didn't really have time to talk. The industry devoted to helping me keep in touch is making me lonelier ...or at least facilitating my antisocial instincts. So I've put myself on technology restriction: no instant   messaging with people who live near me, no cell phoning in the presence of friends, no letting the voice mail pick up when I'm at home. \n Answer: The Consequences of modern Technology",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-56386811e3034f51b550c1e1e6d2b8ca",
            "input": "Article: Utopia is a perfect place. It is a place without war, hunger, poverty, or crime. It is a place where the people work together and share. There is no money in Utopia because the people do not need money. They do not have personal possessions because everything belongs to everyone. All of the people are equal in Utopia, and the laws are all fair. Utopia is not a new place. Plato, the ancient Greek philosopher, described a perfect society in his famous dialogue The Republic. In Plato's Republic, philosophers were the kings, and every person had a place in the society. In 1516, Sir Thomas More wrote about an island in the Pacific Ocean where everything was perfect. He named the island \" Utopia\". In 1602, Tommaso Campanella wrote The City in the Sun about a perfect community on the island of Ceylon ( now Sri Lanka ) ; and in 1872, Samuel Butler wrote a novel about a perfect country which he named \" Erewhon\". \" Utopia\" is a Greek word that means \" not a place\", and \"Erewhon\" is the English word \" nowhere\" spelled backwards. Utopia is a perfect place, but it is not a real place. Most 'real' Utopias last only a short time. This is because everyone wants to live in it, but no one knows how to make it work. As a result, when we say something is ' Utopia' today, we mean that it is a good idea, but it is not realistic. \n Answer: The Utopian Community",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18ad9a574b884490b0b8b28747175f9b",
            "input": "Article: For the kids in Matt Marciano's sixth-grade social studies class, Thanks-giving is a time for great ideas. \"We look at different foods that people eat around the world,\" says Marciano. \"The lesson,\" he explains, \"teaches students to admit that some people are unlucky. And it also gets them thinking about Thanksgiving, about their lives, and about their biggest homework of the year--to find a way they can change the world.\"  Last year, 12-year-old Christian D. taught basic soccer skills to 63 kids with cancer. Christian's classmate Brianna used the money she had raised to buy 56 teddy bears. She donated them to a woman's shelter. Both students say the experience taught them something they'll never forget: When we give something to others, we're really giving thanks. And giving thanks feels good.   \"Helping the woman smile, if just for a day, made me feel like I could make a difference,\" Brianna says. \"And it taught me that I should always be thankful for what I have.\" Brianna's happiness is something Jeffrey Froh knows about. Froh studies how gratitude affects a person's mind and attitudes. Those who are thankful are more likely to help others. Grateful people and kids in particular are healthier and happier than those who are not. \"Grateful kids tend to be happier and more satisfied with their lives,\" Froh says. \"Kids who give thanks are happier with school, their families and their friends. Grateful children also feel less envy toward others, are less likely to be depressed and even do better in school.\"  \"To experience gratitude,\" says Froh, \"a couple of things have to happen. First you have to notice that there is goodness in your life. Then you have to admit that the reason for that goodness lies partially outside of yourself.\" \n Answer: They thought of ideas for helping other people.",
            "output": [
                "How did the students celebrate Thanksgiving in Marciano's class?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-58617c10f3ee4ce287ba08184e2d5828",
            "input": "Article: While I was waiting to enter university,I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short of money, I applied. Three days later, a letter arrived, asking me to go to Croydon for an interview. It proved a tiring journey: a train to Croydon station; a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least fifteen minutes. It was clearly the headmaster himself that opened the door. He was short and fat, with a grey-color1ed moustache,a deeply lined face and hardly any hair.  He looked at me with surprised disapproval. Then he said. \"You'd better come inside.\" Leading me into his study, he started to ask me a number of questions: what subjects I had taken in my General School Certificate;how old I was; what games I played; whether I thought games were an important part of a boy's education, etc. I said something about not attaching too much importance to them. We obviously had very little in common. The teaching arrangement filled me with fear. I was to divide the class of twenty-four boys, aged from seven to thirteen, into three groups and teach them all subjects--including art, football, cricket and so on--in turn at three different levels. Actually, I was depressed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry--two subjects in which I had been rather weak at school. I said shyly, \"What would my salary be?\" \"Twelve pounds a week plus lunch.\" Before I could speak, he got to his feet. \"Now,\" he said, \"you'd better meet my wife. She's the one who really runs this school.\" This was the last thing I could hear. I was young. How could my dignity allow me to work under an old woman? \n Answer: Because he wanted to earn some money.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer apply for a job?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-70d5769ab7df4da8a7e012c9de4f025a",
            "input": "Article: Fifty-two years ago in the USA, a little black girl named Ruby Bridges arrived at her new primary school. The school was in New Orleans, Louisiana. As she walked toward the school's front door, an angry crowd of people shouted at her. United States marshals walked with her. A marshal is a police officer. They were there to protect the first grader. That's because the people didn't want Ruby to go inside the school. But the 6-year-old walked into the school anyway. As she did, she marched into history books. The day was Nov. 14, 1960. On that morning, little Ruby became one of the first African Americans to attend an all-white primary school in the South. Before then, the law in many states said that black children could not attend the same schools as white children. People of different races also had to use separate public restrooms. It was called segregation. That is when people of different races are kept separate. U.S. leaders worked to end segregation. They helped bring civil rights to all Americans. Those are the rights mean that all people should be treated equally. A few months before Ruby started school, a federal court   had just ordered an end to school segregation in New Orleans. By the time Ruby started the second grade, there were no more angry people outside her school. There were other African American students in her class. Today, children of all races go to school together. Bridges said she was never scared to go to school during the first grade. She wasn't really afraid and she didn't really know what was going on at the time. \n Answer: She brought all rights to the Americans with U.S. leaders.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Ruby Bridges famous in the American history?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8988ed7a167e4a748369c3d669fea7a4",
            "input": "Article: Children who spend more time reading with their parents have a greater chance of becoming better readers than those who don't. With help from their parents, children can learn techniques  to improve their reading skills. \"A lot of parents think after their child learns to read, they should stop reading to them,\" Donna George said. \"They are sadly mistaken.\" George offers her services to parents at the Title I Learning Centers. She said reading aloud to children may be the most valuable  thing parents can do. \"It is better for children to hear things at a higher level than where they are,\" George said. \"Parents are their child's first teacher.\" Parents help their children build listening, phonics , comprehension  and vocabulary skills when they read aloud to them. Before parents can identify reading problems, they should escape the enemy----television and limit the time their children spend watching television. George suggested not allowing kids to have a TV in their bedrooms, setting a schedule of when kids can watch or keeping a list of how many programs children watch. Louise Joiners said while her 14-year-old daughter and 10-year-old son enjoy reading, the television sometimes becomes a _ . So she tries to build the situation by suggesting books the entire family will enjoy reading together, like the Harry Potter series. Parents who do not read themselves should not depend on their children being enthusiastic about it. If parents would read to their children at least 15 minutes every day, children would not have so many problems in school. It is the parents' job to help build that desire in their children, and of course to know what kind of books to read is also important. \n Answer: How children improve their reading by themselves.",
            "output": [
                "If the passage is not completed, what will be written after the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ea4fafc68cac46ee9b541c8ca120ec02",
            "input": "Article: As you climb into the hill country, the roads get dustier and rougher, and fewer cars can be seen. Phonxay is one of the poorest districts of Laos, and many of its villages are only accessible by footpath. Our destination this hot morning is a concrete water tank that can be found just off the road. A UK organization helped to build it six years ago, and in the nearby village of Thapho, where clean drinking water is scarce, it has made a big difference. The tank feeds six taps which in turn give water to over 800 people---it has improved things for almost every family, from schoolchildren to grannies. But lately, we were told, the clean water supply has come under pressure from new arrivals, people who have come down from the hill areas, and there are concerns that there will not be enough clean water to go round. There are also serious worries about resources in Laos. The Chinese are building a 400km railway link, which could transform the landlocked country. About 150,000 Chinese workers will be involved. What will this do to local clean water supplies? How will the workers be fed? The vast majority of Laotians live on farms. But with foreign investors wanting to buy up land, local people will have to be moved to make room for them. Heavily dependent on both foreign aid and foreign investment, Laos still falls well behind its neighbours, although its economy has grown at about 6% a year in the last decade. Its biggest economic problem is the lack of locally trained skilled workforce. But there are reasons to be hopeful for the future. Laos is beautiful, and foreign tourism continues to grow: fortunately so far the fast-food chains and coffee bars common elsewhere are nowhere to be seen. Although all local media are government-run, the Internet is not controlled and the BBC and CNN are available to those with satellite dishes. The government has also achieved impressive results in rural development, with communities benefiting not just from cleaner water but the construction of new schools and regular visits from medical teams. Poverty will not be history in Laos within the next decade, but with small steps forward and a bit of outside help, the country could find itself out of the UN's least-developed category by 2020. \n Answer: The coming summer will dry up rivers and lakes.",
            "output": [
                "What is putting pressure on the local supply of clean water?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-47237698b5f64770aa83d5102c5b25eb",
            "input": "Article: When I was a boy my father told me that he could do anything he wanted to.Dad said that he wanted to be the first to develop color prints in our city, and so he did. When I was 16,dad looked closely at the violin I played and said that he wanted to make one.He read about violinmaking,and then became a violinmaker at the age of 43.He bought the tools and materials,opened a small store and set Mom up as the shopkeeper,while he worked at a local company.He retired from the company 17 years later and continued to make violins and other instruments. Dad often guessed why the Stradivarius violins sounded so beautiful.Some experts told him that it was the special varnish that gave the instruments their beautiful sound.Dad argued that chemists could analyze the varnish--if that was the answer. One of Dad's friends asked him which kind of wood was used to make violins.When dad explained that the top was made of spruce ,his friend said that he had all old piece of spruce which dad might be interested in. He worked for the next 12 months making a violin from the wood that his friend had given him.It proved to be an excellent violin and it would become Dad's masterpiece.He believed that the secret of the Stradivarius sound was in the wood itself. Later, the instrument was stolen. _ But he kept the music shop until he was 80 years old,selling guitars and violins. The violin has been missing for more than 25 years.Somewhere a musician is playing a late-20th-century violin with an excellent tone.The owner today may never understand why this Ordinary-looking violin sounds so much like Stradivarius. \n Answer: The wood of the violins was special.",
            "output": [
                "What did the writer's father think about Stradivarius violins?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1011112de0a44cb2a084120f382f47e8",
            "input": "Article: The small number of newborn babies, which has been caused by high prices and the changing social situation of women, is one of the most serious problems in Asia. When people talk about it, you can hear a word invented in Japan. which means Double Income Kids . In many major Asian cities like Seoul, Singapore, and Tokyo, the cost of a ****** is extremely high. A young couple who want to buy their own house may have to pay about $3000,000 (though prices have fallen). For a flat with one bedrooms, one dining-room, a kitchen, and a bathroom, the couple will pay about $900 a month. What's more, if they want to have a child, the child's education is very expensive. For example, most kindergarten charges are at least $5.000 a year. In such a situation, it's difficult to afford children. The number of married women who want to continue working because they enjoy their jobs. However, if they want to have children, they immediately have serious problems. Though most companies allow women to leave their jobs for a short time to have a baby, they expect women with babies to give up their jobs. In short, if they want to bring up children properly, both parents have to work, but it is hard for mothers to work. Indeed, women who want to contimue working have to choose between having children or keeping their jobs. In a word, Asian governments must take steps to improve the present situation as soon as possible. \n Answer: The small number of newborn babies.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main problem being discussed in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-486a5a95f76642a291c84fc3102fba86",
            "input": "Article: The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional festival in China. It's an occasion for family reunion. Chinese families like to get together to eat the moon cakes and watch the moon at the Mid-Autumn Festival night. There are some legends   of the Mid-Autumn Festival.  The Lady -- Chang E        In 2170 BC, the earth had ten suns circling over it, each taking its turn to brighten the earth. But one day all ten suns appeared together, making the earth too hot. The earth was saved by a hero called Hou Yi. He succeeded in shooting down nine of the suns. One day, Hou Yi stole the elixir of life   from a goddess. However his beautiful wife Chang E drank it and found herself floating to the moon. Hou Yi loved his wife so much that he didn't shoot down the moon. The Man -- Wu Gang        Wu Gang was a man who learned from his master. One day he asked if he could travel to some new and exciting place. The master was angry at Wu Gang's impatience  , and took him to the moon, telling him that he must cut down a huge cassia tree   before he could return to the earth. Though he  _ day and night, the magical tree restored itself with each blow, and thus he is up there chopping still. The cake -- moon cake      During the Yuan Dynasty China was ruled by the Mongolian people. Many people wanted to rebel   without being discovered. The leaders of the rebellion, knowing that the Mid-Autumn Festival was drawing near, ordered people to make special cakes. Inside each moon cake was a message with the outline of the attack. On the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival, the rebels successfully attacked and overthrew the government. What followed was the establishment   of the Ming Dynasty. Today, moon cakes are eaten for family reunion. \n Answer: The Mid-Autumn Festival has existed for a certain length of time.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about the Mid-Autumn Festival according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-58edaa43db12438e8bee6b9fcad0ff54",
            "input": "Article: Your chair is your enemy. That is the conclusion of several recent studies. Among people who sit in front of the television for more than three hours each day, those who exercise are as fat as those who don't. So what's wrong with sitting? The answer seems to have two parts. The first is that sitting is one of the most passive things you can do. Compared to sitting, standing in one place is hard work. To stand, you have to tense your leg muscles, and engage the muscles of your back and shoulders; while standing, you often shift from leg to leg. All of this burns energy. You may think you have no choice about how much you sit. But this isn't true. Suppose you sleep for eight hours each day, and exercise for one. That still leaves 15 hours of activities. Even if you exercise, most of the energy you burn will be burnt during these 15 hours, so weight gain is often the cumulative  effect of a series of small decisions: Do you take the stairs or the elevator? Do you walk to the corner store, or drive? But it looks as though there's a more sinister aspect to sitting. Some evidence suggests that when you spend long periods sitting, your body actually does things that are bad for you. Lipoprotein lipase  is a molecule that plays a central role in how the body processes fats. Low levels of lipoprotein lipase are associated with a variety of health problems. Studies in rats show that leg muscles only produce this molecule when they are actively being moved. The result is that when you sit, an important part of your metabolism  slows down. You may also have a higher risk of suffering from diabetes . Some people have advanced radical solutions to the sitting syndrome : replace your sit-down desk with a stand-up desk, or watch television in a rocking chair. But whatever you choose, know this. The data is clear; look out for your chair. \n Answer: Stand Up While You Read This.",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3748ff35858849f490b60afc90f589e3",
            "input": "Article: Siberia is a huge territory in Russia. It is more than half of Russia and is 4,000 miles wide.  Most of this area is a forest with animals and birds. In autumn, the forests in Siberia are full of mushrooms and berries . Many people like picking mushrooms, but that is not as simple as you might think. Old people who live in the villages know places where you can pick lots of mushrooms. Some mushrooms grow in colonies. If you find one, you only need to look around because nearby you'll find more of them. However, when picking mushrooms, it is important not to choose the wrong kind. You have to be careful because some mushrooms are poisonous even though they look good. The smell can help you choose them, because good mushrooms smell very good. Siberian people are very friendly and hospitable. If someone invites you home for dinner, you'll soon be full. You should try everything the host is having. The climate there depends on the territory. Some places have very comfortable climates with hot summers and cold winters. In my opinion, the best season is spring, when nature wakes up after a long winter. It is the time for blossoms and love. Birds come back from other warm countries. Trees become dressed in green. The sun becomes warm and the days are longer. The mood is wonderful and people smile a lot. It is an amazing time. In winter, you have opportunity for sports. The most popular sport in winter in Russia is cross-country skiing. During weekends, many people go into the country and ski. Noses freeze and cheeks hurt, but people continue to enjoy these times. \n Answer: Siberia, an interesting and beautiful place.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b9f6c2bab19e420b961672842282f656",
            "input": "Article: I became a teacher at 55 years of age. Things were going on so well during my first two periods. Then came my 3rdperiod class - the 8thgraders with only one girl in the class. I thought the class was bad until the intercom  came on and the office was asking if I was in my classroom. \"Of course,\" I responded. A student who knew he was going to be late for class had informed the office I was not in my classroom - 10 minutes after class began. When the student came in and I walked over to greet him, he said, \"Don't touch me.\" He then put his head on his desk and did not seem to listen to a word I said. I did not comfront  him with the \"lie\" to the office. The next day he came into class on time. This time instead of listening or following instructions on keyboarding software, he played Internet games. I walked over to him. He looked at me ready to snap back  at anything I said. I asked him, \"Where did you learn to use a computer like that?\" he looked at me surprised. I repeated, \"You are really good at that. Where did you learn so much?\" He began to tell me his father \"used to\" buy him games to play, but not anymore. I could feel the pain. Instead of blaming him for being off task, I surprised him and praised him for his skills. Then, I asked him to show me what he could do in our software. He was amazed. On a Friday night at a high school football game, I really got my breakthrough . From about five feet away, in front of his friends he came over to me and gave me a big hug saying, \"Hi, Ms. Marie.\" We talked for a while and before he walked away, he had hugged me two more times. This was a long way from \"don't touch me\" on that first day. \n Answer: Coldly.",
            "output": [
                "How did the boy react  towards Ms. Marie's greeting on the first day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d3c3d3ada90947568cb9ae7b287d5fde",
            "input": "Article: Grant Wood's American Gothic caused a stir in 1930 when it was exhibited for the first time at the Art Institute of Chicago and awarded a prize of 300 dollars. Newspapers across the country carried the story, and the painting of a farmer and a younger woman posed before a white house brought the artist instant fame. In 1930, Grant Wood, an American painter with European training, noticed a small white house built in the small southern Iowa town of Eldon. Wood was so fascinated by it that he decided to paint the house along with the kind of people he thought should live in that house. In the painting, the farmer is modeled on his dentist. Dr. Byron McKeeby. His younger sister Nan served as a model for the woman (imagined to be the farmer's wife or daughter). Wood wanted to give a description of the traditional roles of men and women as the man is holding a pitchfork symbolizing hard labor. Each element was painted separately; the models sat separately and never stood in front of the house. The Gothic style of the house inspired the painting's title. American Gothic remains one of the most famous paintings in the history of American art. The painting has become part of American popular culture. Some believe that Wood used it to satirize  the narrow-mindedness that has been said to characterize Midwestern culture. The painting may also be read as a praise of the moral virtue or rural America or even as a mixture of praise and satire. American Gothic is one of the few images to reach the status of cultural symbol, along with Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa. \n Answer: It was on show at the Art Institute of Chicago in 1930.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about American Gothic?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-367350543a7940b0ba1eaa1124161b4c",
            "input": "Article: American Girl It's packed with the things that matter most to girls: party plans, games, crafts and girl-to-girl advice. American Girlis an appealing, age-appropriate teen magazine that allows young girls to be themselves. The magazine features fun contests, puzzles, giggles, and more! Stories, creative games, cool contests and great sports tips for girls aged 7-11 are available in each issue ofAmerican Girl magazine. Issues per year: 6     Cover price: $ 27.95     Sale price: $22.95 Ladybug Beautiful, colorful, and delightful to read, each issue is filled with charming read-aloud stories, games for memory and skill building, songs, poems, and activities for beginning readers. Parents can visit our online Parents Companion that recommends additional activities, crafts, and books. Issues per year: 9     Cover price: $44.50      Sale price: $33.95 Cicada A monthly magazine for teenagers and young adults aged 14 and up. It offers high-quality fiction and poetry dealing with the issue of growing up, leaving the joys and pains of childhood behind, and becoming an adult. Cicadamagazine also encourages its teen readers to submit their own writing for publication. It's so inspiring and humorous that you will not be able to put it down. Issues per year: 6   Cover price: $51.00   Sale price: $33.95 Sorts Illustrated for Kids It covers sports kids like. Featuring interviews with sports heroes, entertaining comics, breathtaking action photos, tips from the pros  , news items of recent notes, games, puzzles, cartoons, fiction, advice from athletes, etc.Sports Illustrated for Kidsis a magazine for children aged 8 and up. Issues per year: 12      Cover price: $47.88      Sale price: $ 24.95 \n Answer: Ladybug.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the four magazines is the most suitable for a 4-year-old child?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-84951e1b19f84460891b4cfa5079bf5d",
            "input": "Article: It's not just great minds that think alike. Dozens of the genes involved in the vocal learning that _ human speech are also active in some songbirds . And knowing this suggests that birds could become a standard model for investigating the genetics of speech production and speech disorders. Complex language is a uniquely human trait, but vocal learning -- the ability to pick up new sounds by imitating others -- is not. Some mammals, including whales, dolphins and elephants, share our ability to learn new vocalizations . So do three groups of birds: the songbirds, parrots and hummingbirds. The similarities between vocal learning in humans and birds are not just superficial. We know, for instance, that songbirds have specialised vocal learning brain circuits that are similar to those that mediate  human speech. What's more, a decade ago we learned that FOXP2, a gene known to be involved in human language, is also active in \"area X\" of the songbird brain -- one of the brain regions involved in those specialised vocal learning circuits. Andreas Pfenning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his colleagues have now built on these discoveries. They compared maps of genetic activity in brain tissue taken from the zebra finch, budgerigar and Anna's hummingbird, representing the three groups of vocal-learning birds. They then compared these genetic maps with others taken from birds and primates that can't learn new vocalisations, and with maps taken from the brains of six people who donated tissue to the Allen Brain Institute in Seattle. Their results showed that FOXP2 is just one of 55 genes that show a similar pattern of activity in the brains of humans and the vocal-learning birds. Those same genes show different patterns of activity in the brains of animals incapable of vocal learning. \"The similarities are beyond one or a handful of genes,\" says Pfenning. \"There are just systematic molecular similarities between song-learning birds and humans.\" \"There's potential for songbirds to be used to study neurodegeneration  -- especially conditions like Huntington's,\" says Pfenning. Huntington's disease affects the ability to produce complex motor behaviour, such as singing and talking, so experiments with birds might implicate particular genes in the disease. Constance Scharff at the Free University of Berlin in Germany, who helped identify the importance of FOXP2 for vocal learning in birds agrees that songbirds can make great models for human speech and its pathologies . \"My lab's research during the past 10 years has shown that FOXP2 is as relevant for birds' song learning as it is for human speech learning,\" she says. \n Answer: FOXP2 is a gene that is known to be involved in human language.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d840b45307004f67b4f217e1b4929a51",
            "input": "Article: Chimps  will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct   to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food. In the laboratory, chimps don't naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random ---he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish. Human children, on the other hand are extremely corporative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate a achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help. There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught .but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence. Develops in children before their general cognitive skills,at least when compared with chimps..In tests conducted by Tomtasell, the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were considerably better at understanding the social world The cure of what children's minds have and chimps' don't in what Tomasello calls what. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a \"we\", a group that intends to work toward a shared goal. \n Answer: Chimps seldom care about others' interests.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5efb07e65c6747b69388e2b9bd70159e",
            "input": "Article: A study has found, spending hours playing violent video games prevents teenagers from their moral growth. It is thought that regular touch to violence and lack of contact with the outside world makes it harder for them to tell right from wrong.They also struggle to trust other people,and see the world from their viewpoints. Researchers from Brock University in Ontario found that those who spend more than three hours each day in front of the screen are particularly unlikely to have developed the ability to empathize . The Canadian researchers surveyed 109 boys and girls,aged 13 and 14,about whether they played video games,which games they liked,and how long they spent playing them.Their findings found that 88 percent of teens said they played games,and more than half admitted to playing games every day.Violent games were among the most popular. The teenagers also filled in a questionnaire designed to measure their moral development.For example,they were asked how important it is to save the life of a friend. Previous studies have suggested that a person's moral judgment goes through four phases as they grow from children and enter adulthood.By the age of 13 or 14,scientists claim young people should be entering the third stage,and be able to empathize with others and take their viewpoints into account.The research found that this stage appeared to be delayed in teenagers who regularly played violent video games. It is also thought that teenagers who play games regularly did not spend enough time in the real world to learn to take others' thoughts into consideration.Researcher Mirjana Bajovic said:\"The present results indicate that some teenagers, who spent three or more hours a day playing violent video games,are deprived of such opportunities.\" he added:\"Touch to violence in video games may influence the development of moral reasoning because violence is not only presented as acceptable but is also justified and rewarded.\" They concluded that rather than trying to enforce an 'unrealistic' ban on the games,parents and teachers should encourage teenagers to do charity work and take up after-school activities. \n Answer: To measure teenagers' moral development.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the Canadian researchers carry out the studies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-99d8eb5b3a194ff9b877207f66a196a3",
            "input": "Article: NASA-s New Horizons probe flew by Pluto this morning, sending back history's first up-close looks at the vast freezing-cold world.  Closest approach came at 7:49 a.m.  EDT.  To celebrate, NASA gave out the latest photo of Pluto. It showed a reddish world with an amazing heart-shaped feature on its surface. After today's close encounter, all the nine solar system's traditionally recognized planets have now been visited by a spaceship-a huge project begun in 1962 when NASA's Mariner 2  probe flew past Venus,  a  planet  in  the solar system.  More than  l,200 scientists, NASA guests and important persons, including 200 reporters, watched the flyby live at New Horizons'  mission control center. That close encounter has been a long time coming. The$723 million New Horizons mission launched in January 2006 but began taking shape in 1989.  \"New Horizons is'a capstone mission',\" Glen Fountain, mission project manager told Space, com. \"It is the first completion of the observations of our solar system. It-s giving us a new idea about how we human beings fit into the universe.\" New Horizons \"faced a crazy number of challenges,\" Stern, a driving force behind New Horizons said, \"So many people stuck with this for so long. They got knocked down; they stood up.  They got knocked down again; they stood up again.\" In a coincidence, today's close approach falls on the 50th anniversary of the first flyby of Mars, another planet, which was completed by NASA-s Mariner 4 spaceship. There are no longer nine officially recognized planets, of course. The International Astronomical Union regarded Pluto as \"a dwarf planet\" in 2006 in a decision that remains controversial today. \n Answer: Ideas still vary in the identity of Pluto.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4369b8ad268a402ab412a8c617df64ae",
            "input": "Article: On a cold winter morning in the late 1930s, Bobby awoke early. It was a day that Bobby would never forget. Bobby, his brother and his mother were once again abandoned  by his father. When times got hard, the man left home. Bobby wasn't surprised. He must take the responsibility for caring for his family.  He put on the warmest clothes he had and pulled on his old socks and torn shoes. After thinking of a way to keep his feet dry, he went outside looking for work. Coming across some men working on the road, he joined in and worked hard for hours. Suddenly, rain poured down. \"Go home and get out of this weather,\" the men shouted, giving him a few coins. Bobby used the money to buy as much food as he could afford in the nearest store. While holding a small bag of food ,Bobby stopped to adjust  the thick paper in his shoes. A man, who was a member of the Salvation Army, saw Bobby's problem. He bought Bobby a new pair of shoes. I wasn't there on that cold day. But I've heard the story many times and can always imagine my father, as a child, dancing and wearing a pair of new shoes home. Several years later, Bobby joined the navy. He continued to support his family and meanwhile worked for the Salvation Army so that another little boy somewhere might receive a new pair of shoes for Christmas. The tradition lasted until my father became too ill. Daddy died six years ago. While the new shoes kept his feet warm in the 1930s, Daddy's act of giving back for tens of years warmed his heart in a greater way. \n Answer: They gave him some money",
            "output": [
                "How did the men working on the road treat Bobby?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8ee26b8141604badb1226669d9188370",
            "input": "Article: Military training has long been considered a ritual  that freshmen must go through in order to officially start their college lives. While some question the necessity of such training. Many students see military training as a campus tradition that should be maintained. Early in February, the Ministry of Education issued a new regulation that colleges and universities should carry out a minimum of 14 days compulsory military training for freshmen. In a report by Beijing Evening News, Hou Zhengfang, a Beijing-based education PhD, questioned the benefits of military training. \"The training routine does little to improve students' physical fitness over only two weeks' time. Maybe some disaster prevention training, such as earthquake survival or escaping from fires would be of greater benefit.\" Meng Yang, a 19-year-old freshman at Guangxi University, fainted during training. She said that many students, especially girls, are willing to train under direct sunshine. \"For me, military training is physically challenging and even damages my health.\" According to Li Jian from the student affairs office of Guangzhou University, feeling dizzy  happens frequently during military training and the school has received a lot of complaints from both students and parents: \"But I still think military training is a good thing. Students are easier to manage after the military training. They became more positive about their new environment after the training.\" Although autumn is fast approaching Beijing, the noon heat burns 3300 freshmen on Tsinghua University's campus. Chu Jinjing, a freshman majoring in medicine, did feel some discomfort while training in sweaty clothes in the glaring heat, the 18-year-old still enjoyed being part of group going through strict exercises. \"By going through this tough training, students bond faster and a sense of belonging to the school can be formed. I've made a lot of friends already.\" According to the Ministry of Education, the purpose of military training is to teach students discipline, the spirit of teamwork and endurance. But in reality, according to Xiong Bingqi, deputy director of the 21stCentury Education Research Institute, the effect is not satisfying. \"Such goals require long-term development. It is unrealistic to expect military training to make a difference in only 14 days.\" He thus suggests that it should be up to schools to conduct military training in a way that best suits their students. However, Wang Wenhui, an 18-year-old freshman from Xi'an Jiaotong University, sees military training as a tradition that reaches beyond character building. \"From junior and senior high school to college, we join military training to start a new journey. I would feel a bit incomplete without it.\" \n Answer: 7",
            "output": [
                "How many people expressing their opinions are mentioned in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4f21ee0fa2bb49309f4a9506719e4e12",
            "input": "Article: Recently,I came across an interesting article on the differences between British English and American English. I had a lot of fun reading it and thinking of as many differences as I could as an American. Their cars have \"bonnets \", while ourselves have \"hoods\". They park their cars in a \"car park\" while we leave ours in a \"parking lot\". Our \"cookies\" are their \"biscuits\", while their \"rubbers\" are our \"erasers\". Then there are the food words. Would you want to eat something called \"Toad in the Hole\" or \"Bangers and Mash\" or \"Spotted Dick\"? I'm here to report they are all very tasty. There are American equivalents ,of course. We've got \"Shoofly Pie\", \"Chicken Fried Steak\" and \"Mississippi Mud Pie\". What they call \"crisps\" is what we call \"potato chips\" and when we ask for \"chips\" in England we will get what we know at home in America as \"French fries\". They find it _ that we call the \"toilet\" the \"bathroom\" and they really double over  with laughter when we ask for the \"restroom\". American ladies in England who ask for the \"little girl's room\" or the \"powder room\" will be met with blank stares. A \"fag\" is a \"cigarette\" in the UK, which can lead to endless confusion for British visitors looking for a cigarette in America. Americans on the other hand are endlessly confused by English signs put up over doorways saying \"Way Out\". We Americans walk on the sidewalk not the pavement. \"Pavement\" in America is the actual cement  the sidewalk is made of. \n Answer: Chips.",
            "output": [
                "What do British people call French Fries?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4404a20e5fa4485188eb34770e501e07",
            "input": "Article: The National Trust has many campsites  in scenic locations all over the UK. Make the most of the last days of summer by living outdoors and taking in these beautiful landscapes. Here are some of the most popular places to go. Low Wray, Cumbria Low Wray is a lovely campsite situated on the western shore Windermere in the Lake District. There are magnificent views across the water to Wansfell Pike and the Fairfield Horseshow and the site is an ideal base for water sports with on-site access for launching. Phone 05139463862 or _ . Houghton Mill, Cambridgeshire This site is situated on the banks of the Great Ouse with spectacular views across the river to the Trust's Houghton Mill, the last working mill on this river. Mill demonstrations are held every Sunday during the season and the site is situated near the picturesque village of Houghton. There are plenty of footpaths for walkers, horse riders and cyclists along the waterways.  _ or phone 01480466716. Wasdale Head, Cumbria Wasdale is a great base for climbers of all abilities. The site is nestled under the Scafell mountain range at the head of beautiful Wastwater, the deepest lake in England. Canoeing   is possible on Wastwater although limited to no more than 15 on the lake at a time. Phone 01212765416 or _ . Highertown Farm, Cornwall A small, basic campsite situated in the quiet hamlet of Lansallos with fine views of the south-east Cornwall coast and not far from a secluded beach. Bookings may be necessary at peak time. Email or phone 01208265211 Lundy, Bristol Channel Lundy Island is an unspoilt  island, home to a fascinating array of wildlife amidst dramatic scenery. There are passages from Bideford and Ilfracombe according to the tides, 1 April-31Oct and a winter helicopter service 1 Nov-31 March. Email or phone 01271863636 for more information. \n Answer: Low Wray, Cumbria",
            "output": [
                "Mike is fond of swimming. Which of the following campsites would he choose?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-23970125a3404c75b635762dd92714f8",
            "input": "Article: A research found that people shown silent videos of piano competitions could pick out the winners more often than those who could also hear the music. It underlines the importance of our sense of vision, say scientists. Their study concludes that the best predictor of a winner's musical performance was the visible passion they displayed, followed closely by their uniqueness and creativity. Chia-Jung Tsay, from University College London, UK, is the study's author and herself a concert pianist. She was interested in how music was judged and found that even professional musicians were unaware of how much they were using visual information over sound. \"For the last two decades, I've taken part in various competitions. Through this experience, I found that depending on what type of evaluations were used, the results might vary widely. This led me to wonder about how much visual information really affects these important decisions,\" she explained. More than 1,000 participants in the study were given samples of either audio, silent video or video with sound, and asked to rate the top three finalists from 10 international classical music competitions. The actual competition winners were only correctly identified by those who were randomly assigned  the silent videos. Dr Tasy said the findings were quite surprising, especially because both trained musicians and those without training had stated that sound was most important for their evaluation. \"Regardless of levels of expertise, we still seem to be led primarily by visual information, even in this field of music,\" she said. \"Classical music training is often focused on improving the quality of the sound, but this research is about getting to the bottom of what is really being evaluated at the highest levels of competitive performance. She added, \"We must be more mindful of our inclination  to depend on visual information at the expense of the content that we actually value as more relevant to our decisions.\" \n Answer: One who plays with great passion.",
            "output": [
                "According to the study, who would most probably win a piano competition?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f49f6084946c4ac1925cceff4c1144db",
            "input": "Article: What is TOVIAZ? TOVIAZ is a medicine used in adults to treat the symptoms of a condition called overactive bladder . Who is TOVIAZ for? Adults 18 years older with symptoms of overactive bladder. Don't take TOVIAZ if you:  Your stomach empties slowly.  Have eye problems.  Are allergic to any ingredients of TOVIAZ. Possible side effects of TOVIAZ  Dry mouth.  Constipation  Dry eyes.  Trouble empting the bladder These aren't all possible side effects of TOVIAZ. For a complete list, ask your doctor. How to take TOVIAZ:  Your doctor may give you the lower 4mg dose of TOVIAZ if you have severe kidney problem.  Take TOVIAZ with liquid and swallow the tablet whole. Do not chew, divide or crush the tablet.  You can take TOVIAZ with or without food.  If you miss a dose of TOVIAZ, start taking it again the next day. Things you should keep in mind when taking TOVIAZ:  Decreased sweating and severe heat illness can occur when medicines such as TOVIAZ are used in hot environments.  Drinking alcohol while taking TOVIAZ may cause increased sleepiness. \n Answer: To teach patients ways of recovery from illness.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-868fb8cd4e7f43b0bc2a48a6a9249996",
            "input": "Article: You're lost in the world of dreams and sleep. You roll over, smiling as you come across a swimming pool filled with chocolate. And then, your wonderful dream becomes a nightmare when someone is screaming, \"Get up!\" It's just what every teenager goes through each morning! Now, there seems to be one school that finally understands that requiring teens to show up at 9 am is not just cruel but also harmful to both the kids and the school. The Monkseaton High School in North Tyneside, Britain, recently decided to experiment to see if there is any difference in student behavior if they just pushed back the start of their day by one hour, from 9 am to 10 am. And the results are surprising. Since carrying out the later start, Monkseaton has seen a 28% drop in truancy, even hardly any lateness, and best of all, higher test scores. One of the reasons is that the teenagers are much happier to have the extra hour of sleep, but there is also a scientific reason behind why they need the extra sleep. The school's decision to push back the time was based on the research done by Oxford Professor Russell Foster, who pointed out that teenagers and adults have different sleep cycles, explaining why teenagers go to bed late and wake up late. While adults are wide awake and ready at 8 am, teenagers are not fully awake until 10 am, sometimes even noon. Teachers may argue that their students perform better in the morning, but in fact, it is because they are in the zone while their students are still sleepy, making the students easier to control. Memory tests prove that the more difficult classes should be in the afternoon when teenagers are most wide awake. The Monkseaton school officials are encouraged by the results and plan on voting to make it a permanent change. \n Answer: Finally, a school understands teenagers.",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b9bbae814d25449ab7af0be77082b4a6",
            "input": "Article: Scientists discovered 163 new species in Southeast Asia's Greater Mekong region last year,but all are at risk of extinction due to climate change,the WWF said in a report released Friday. The newly discovered creatures include a birdeating frog with fangs  ,a bird that would rather walk than fly and a gecko   whose alien appearance inspired the report's title of \"Close Encounters\",the conservation group said. The report was released ahead of major UN talks on climate change in Bangkok next week,which are being held before a makeorbreak summit in Copenhagen this December. \"Some species will be able to adapt to climate change,and many will not,potentially resulting in massive extinction,\" Stuart Chapman,director of the WWF Greater Mekong program,said in the report.\"Rare and endangered species like those newly discovered are especially vulnerable   because climate change will further shrink their already restricted habitats,\" he said. \"The new discoveries in 2010 include 100 plants,28 fish,18 reptiles,14 amphibians,2 mammals and a bird,\"the WWF report said.The area spans Cambodia,Laos,Myanmar,Thailand,Vietnam and China's Yunnan Province. \"Among the new species is the birdeating fanged frog,which remains hidden in a protected area of Thailand despite the fact that scientists are studying there for 40 years,\" the report said. The tigerstriped pit viper was discovered accidentally on an island off the coast of Vietnam when a scientist was looking  for a lizard and his son pointed out that his hand was on a rock right next to  the snake's fangs.\"We caught the snake and the gecko and they both proved to be new species,\" researcher Lee Grismer of La Sierra University in California was quoted as saying in the report.The leopard gecko,found on another Vietnamese island,has the coloring of a leopard and bizarre orange,catlike eyes and thin legs. The Greater Mekong region has proved a rich area  for scientists.The WWF said in December 2010 that it had found 1,068 new species there between 1997 and 2009. \n Answer: It usually walks.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about the newly discovered bird?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e2a7dac50098403fbcc7348e2c03cd32",
            "input": "Article: The private automobile  has long played an important role in the United States. In fact, it has become a necessary and important part of the American way of life. In 1986, sixty-nine percent of American families owned at least one car, and thirty-eight percent had more than one. By giving workers rapid transportation, the automobile has freed them from having to live near their place of work. This has encouraged the growth of the cities, but has also led to traffic problems. For farm families the automobile is very helpful. It has made it possible for them to travel to town very often for business and for pleasure, and also to transport their children to distant schools. Family life has been affected  in various ways. The car helps to keep families together when it is used for picnics, outings, and other shared experiences. However, when teenage children have the use of the car, their parents can't keep an eye on them. There is a great danger if the driver has been drinking alcohol or taking drugs, or is \"showing off\" by speeding or breaking other traffic laws. Mothers of victims  of such accidents have formed an organization called MADD(Mothers Against Drunk Driving). These women want to prevent further tragedies . They have worked to encourage the government to limit the youngest drinking age. Students have formed a similar organization, SADD (Students Against Drunk Driving) and are spreading the same message among their friends. For many Americans the automobile is a necessity. But for some, it is also a mark of social position and for young people, a sign of becoming an adult. Altogether, cars mean very much to Americans. \n Answer: Cars help city families to transport their children to faraway schools.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9fbd82f6bbe24cfd986709c0f6308fd9",
            "input": "Article: A hoarder is someone who is unable or unwilling to throw items away, and the disposal   of items causes them considerable pain. When people hoard a massive amount of objects, it takes over the inhabitable spaces of their home. As the collection grows, they are unable to do simple , _ activities such as cooking a meal or watch TV. Sometimes the hoarding is so severe that parts of their homes become inaccessible. But among the many problems that such behavior brings about, the most significant are the health risks. Once hallways and windows are blocked, hoarders are at the risk of dying in a fire, since they no longer have a clear path of evacuation . Things that are piled up high can fall on top of the homeowner, or a person trying to climb over a pile of objects can experience a fall. There is also the problem of sanitation . Areas where food can't be properly cleaned begin to attract insects, and bathrooms that are full of many possessions can no longer be washed. Unfortunately, the serious effect of the problem can become worse for two reasons. One is that since the behavior progress behind closed doors, people can accumulate collections of objects for years before friends or family members become aware of the problem. A second reason is that hoarders often don't recognize that they have a problem, and will continue to live in denial until they get professional help. When attempting to make a diagnosis, psychologists don't regard hoarding as a disorder in itself. Instead, it's often seen as a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder  , depression, or anxiety. The mental health community has only recently begun an intensive study of boarding, and more research is needed in order to understand its causes and find effective treatment. \n Answer: The mental health community has found effective treatments for hoarding.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-304ce6dbf6aa41bcbaad022cf0803b6c",
            "input": "Article: The plane landed with a gentle stop at the airport in Paris. I looked out of the window and noticed the boiling hot sun was shinning down on the city.  I stepped down the stairs into the luggage room, and my family were practically busy. I walked down to the convey belt and waited for my suitcase to come along. I must wait there for about ten minutes before it actually came, by then my family had signed forms so we could be let into the country properly. I met up with my dad by the main entrance. My extremely annoying sister Talia was waving at us from the exit of the airport. My dad and I walked over and left the airport. We walked around for an hour before we actually found our hotel. The French taxi driver had dropped us off at the wrong hotel, and we found out the hotel he had dropped us off about an hour away from where our hotel was. We walked around different streets. We walked into different shops, but they all had the same answer \"sorry\". My mom was so annoyed that she took about several mouthfuls of her vodka she'd bought at this alcohol shop before.  When we finally made it to the hotel, we checked in and made our way to our rooms. We were on the 17th floor, so the elevator ride up was rather long. I also had to share a room with Talia, which didn't really make my day. Ks5u   I got into my room and sat on my bed. I took my shoes and socks off and rubbed my hurt feet. Could this day get any worse? Well it could. \"Let's go,\" my mom said excitedly. \"Go where?\" I said unwillingly. \"Outside of course, we're in France! I want to taste the snails, the frogs' legs, the ... French wine!\" she said.  We stepped out of the hotel entrance and lights came from everywhere. It looked wonderful and a bit like New York, but the building weren't as high and everyone looked so kind.  We walked down to the Eiffel Tower which was amazing, it was beautiful. I know I had to see this again, but maybe when I wasn't so tired. I sat down on the grass, and looked up at the sky, Paris looked wonderful at night, and the stars in the sky added to the effect. I looked back down and someone caught my eye, his face was not very familiar... \n Answer: Because they were not familiar with the foreign country and didn't know where to go.",
            "output": [
                "Why were the author's family especially busy when they got off the plane?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ef58cfa485f47d9a7a728ec889fa2d6",
            "input": "Article: Schools across the country are turning green. So-called green schools are built from recycled and environmentally friendly materials. They are designed to use less energy than traditional school buildings. In the next few years, Southern California alone plans to open 150 green schools. Studies have shown that there are good reasons to go green, including good air quality that cuts down on asthma attacks and airborne germs that can cause illnesses. Students learn better in classrooms that have natural light and ideal temperatures. Green schools have lower energy bills. Go On, Get Green      Here's how to save energy and help the environment.  Light Savers      Turn off the lights in a room when it is not in use. This bright idea can produce big savings on energy costs. Some schools use sensors that automatically shut off the lights when there is no motion in a room.  Heat Smart      Your school's thermostat should be set to 78degCin warm weather and 68degCin cooler weather. The temperature can be even farther from the comfort zone at night and on weekends, when no one is using the school building.  Reuse, Recycle      Reuse paper, cans, bottles and batteries. Use both sides of notebook paper. Carry a lunch box rather than a paper bag. Recycle whatever you can reuse.  Don't Drip       Leaky taps can waste large amounts of water. A small, steady flow can add up to hundreds of gallons a year. Report drips if you see them. \n Answer: Green Schools.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b83a243065b743a587cc70edead23f33",
            "input": "Article: Passage 1 As one of China's most popular and widely known story ,Monkey King, is set to return to screens with 3D effects. It may feature many of the same leading actors from the earliest 1986TV series Journey to the West. According to the producer, which can be got easily in the market? The TV drama, with a total investment of 150 million yuan, will be broadcast on Sichuan TV. Almost 90 million yuan has been put into 3D effects with each 45-mniute episode containing eight minutes of 3D. \"The 3D effects not only cost us a lot of money but also a lot of time,\" director Kan Weiping said. \"We had to put off its broadcasting time, which was set at first this summer.\" Passage 2 The Solar Roadway is an intelligent road that provides clean renewable energy using power from the sun, while providing safer driving conditions along with power. American inventors of the Solar Road said that it will power itself, and reduce the country's carbon marks. Many panels  are fixed on the Solar Road. The top of the Solar Road panels is made of glass and the inventors are working together with top glass researchers to develop super strong glass that would offer vehicles pulling power they need. The Solar Roadway creates and carries clean renewable electricity and, therefore, electric vehicles can be recharged at any rest stop, or at any business that uses solar road panels in their parking lots. Such parking lots will be safer at night with the light provided by LED within the road panels. The inventors say their solar roadway has many applications and advantages from main roads to driveways, parking lots, bike paths and runways. \n Answer: Monkey King will return to screens with 3D effects.",
            "output": [
                "What's Passage 1 mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8daa8c556b7543e9bc27ae5f8d934ba8",
            "input": "Article: Michelle Obama made a daring decision to return to the same designer who created her Inaugural  Ball dress four years ago --- and the risk paid off. The First Lady looked extremely attractive in a thin, sweeping, and ruby-colored dress by designer Jason Wu. She teamed the dramatic dress with heels by Jimmy Choo and a diamond ring by Kimberly McDonald. She surprised the fashion establishment by returning to a Wu design which had been the custom made for her. Four years ago at her first Inauguration Ball, Michelle shimmered in an off-white, one-shouldered floor-length dress by the designer. Wu, who was 26 at the time and had only been working in fashion for three years, saw his career take off after the First Lady's surprise decision to wear one of his dresses. He said at the time that he was unaware she had chosen the dress and had been watching at home on his couch and eating pizza when she appeared. After her 2013 decision, Wu told Women's Wear Daily: \"Mrs Obama likes to keep her secrets. She fooled me again.\" Wu released a women's clothing and accessories collection at Target last year and continues to be popular with the First Lady for official engagements. The sleeveless, cross-halter neck dress with low-cut back flattered 49-year-old Michelle's arms and neat waist. It had been created especially for her by Wu and was a departure from the dark and plain colour tone she stuck to at earlier inauguration events. Mrs Obama's new hairstyle -- she had bangs cut on her birthday last week  had been loosely tousled for the special night. Vice-President Joe Biden's wife Jill also looked attractive in a blue silk dress by Vera Wang at the Inauguration Ball. \n Answer: Michelle Obama's inaugural ball dress.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1f9b26e346814916bcd12c444ea1a327",
            "input": "Article: Ben lived in the same house as I did, on the same floor, his door facing mine; we often saw each other, and I knew how he lived when he was at home. And at home it was the same story: dressing-gown, nightcap, closed windows, locked doors, and -'Oh, I hope nothing bad will happen!' Vegetarian food is not good for him, yet he could not eat meat, so he ate freshwater fish with butter--not a vegetarian dish, yet one could not say that it was meat. He did not keep a female servant for fear people might think evil of him, but had as cook an old man of sixty, called Alan, who had once been an officer's servant and could cook after a fashion. This Alan was usually standing at the door with his arms folded; with a deep sigh, he would _ always the same thing: \"there are plenty of them about nowadays!\" \n Answer: Employer and employee",
            "output": [
                "What is the relationship between Ben and Alan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6700d20a289d4260a8bbf4bc4250e494",
            "input": "Article: Norway -- Ten Chinese college students arrived at the country's Arctic  research base, the Yellow River Station, on Friday. On Saturday, the students are expected to witness the end of four months of darkness in the area, as the sun makes a rare appearance. During their four-day stay at the station, the students will meet and learn from some of China's leading polar researchers. They were welcomed at the station yesterday by its director, He Jianfeng, who is an expert on marine micro-ecosystems. The students will also visit the German and Norwegian stations and meet researchers there. As for entertainment, the visitors will get the chance to play ice hockey at the world's most northerly stadium. Among the visitors is Zheng Li, a student majoring in telecommunications at Dalian Marinetime University. \"It is so exciting to see how the Chinese researchers work in the world's most northerly laboratory,\" she said. \"This opportunity is precious. Most people will never get the chance to travel so far from home and visit such an amazing place. _  Wu Jinyou, head of the Polar Research Institute of China, and the group's leader, said, \"I hope the students have not only a field trip to the Yellow River station, but are also touched by the devotion and spirit of the Chinese researchers here. I also expect in the future, some of them will choose to devote themselves to polar research and maybe even work with us.\" The students have been in Norway since February 28, and were given Arctic training before moving to the station. The Arctic expedition is one of the several international cooperation and exchange activities forming the China Program for International Polar Year (2007- 2008). It was launched last March. (China Daily, Xinhua News Agency, March 8, 2008) \n Answer: He is sure that all the ten students will make good polar researchers.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about Wu Jinyou?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a096e8204225485faa6ebc9a017b63cb",
            "input": "Article: Researchers who helped discover a new species of Mexican butterfly are offering to sell the naming rights to raise money to fund more research. Co-discoverer Andrew Warren is hoping to raise at least $50,000 by auctioning  off the rights to name the 4-inch \"owl eye\" butterfly, which lives in Sonora, a Mexican state bordering Arizona. \"That would support at least two years of research for our team down in Mexico,\" Warren said. \"Money goes a long way down here in Mexico.\" According to the scientific tradition, discoverers of a new species have the say in naming it. In recent years, some discoverers have auctioned off their naming rights to raise money. Warren said the amount being sought for the butterfly is not out of the question, noting that naming rights for a new monkey species brought in $650,000 two years ago. A group of 10 new fish species that went on the naming auction block at the same time earlier this year brought in a total of $2 million. The butterfly discovered by Warren and researcher George Austin ranges as far north as Mexico. The butterfly was actually in a collection, misidentified as an example of another new species, at the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity at the Florida Museum of National History in Gainesville, said Warren. They soon began the hard process of determining that it was indeed a \"new\" model of butterfly. After checking photos and comparing it with other known species, they determined it was a separate species. \n Answer: Near the US-Mexico border.",
            "output": [
                "Where did the researchers discover the new species of butterflies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df904a352bd84c96801cbf4d9f389323",
            "input": "Article: Normally and naturally, a daughter is more attached to her mother in comparison to her father or other siblings  . The attachment is also due to the fact that the daughter finds it easier to believe in the mother on personal and biological matters at different stages while growing up.  The bonding   between mother and daughter will increase with their being together and going out on excursions. An excursion is a journey to some far-off place undertaken by people. It is not necessary that such a trip be taken on a lavish   scale involving lots of money. It can be as short as an overnight trip to some place to improve bonding.  To surprise her daughter with an unexpected excursion, mother can plan a trip to some local spa without the knowledge of her daughter. She can be ready with baggage packed and wait for the moment the daughter comes back from school. Once in the hotel they can enjoy the night together getting refreshing treatments like massage or mud packs. After relaxing spa they can laze in bed, enjoying favourite food or drink and if possible enjoying nature through the window. After a long period of relaxation, going out for a walk together will improve bonding.  Going out overnight to enjoy walk at the beach, and relaxing at intervals without the interference of any other person can be a great idea of bonding. Being of the same sex, and often having the same set of likes and dislikes, they can spend time on makeup or applying nail polish. The daughter should never forget to thank the mother for the wonderful time they spent together, and the mother should never hesitate to say a few words of praise to the daughter.  Going out for shopping together is a good bonding idea too. It is not essential that lots of money should be spent on shopping. The mother can take the daughter to some shops where she can buy her uniform or some other things. They can jointly enjoy window shopping, expressing love and gratitude for the other. \n Answer: Activities for the bonding between mother and daughter.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b51e03307b874dc2937b98b85f0d0d66",
            "input": "Article: The surgeries went well, and not long afterwards, my sister and I were allowed to go in to visit. Dad was in a great deal of pain but, again, all he could talk about was Mom, who donated her kidney to him. Was she okay? How was she feeling? As they were wheeling Mom out of the recovery room, they rolled her into a separate place in Dad's to visit him. It was like a dream to see both our parents hooked up to IVs and machines and trying to talk to each other through tears. The nurses allowed us to present the diamond ring, which was purchased by Dad before the surgery, to Mom so that Dad could watch her open it. Everybody was crying, even the nurses. As I stood with digital camera in hand, I tried to keep the presence of mind to document the moment. My dad was having a hard time fighting back emotion, and suddenly my parents  reached out to hold each other's hands. In my nearly 35 years of existence, I'd never seen my parents do that, and I was absorbed in. I snapped a picture and later rushed home to make sure I'd captured that enormous, life-defining moment. _ . After so many years of quarrels, it was apparent to me that they finally understood how much each loved the other actually . It's as if the transplant healed our whole family. Dad is far gentler, and he has more patience now. He's not condescending  to my mother anymore. Mom, too, has loosened up, since she's not dealing with all that anger. There's a closeness that they didn't have before, and the experience has deepened their faith. For Christmas, my sister and I gave them two framed photos linked together by hooks. The top photo is of their clasped hands on their wedding day, August 7, 1965. It says, \"For better or worse, for richer or poorer.\" The second photo is of that day in the recovery room. Their hands are intertwined and it says, \"In sickness and in health, till death do us part.\" \n Answer: moved",
            "output": [
                "What's the true feeling of the author when he saw both his parents in the recovery room?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc7568cefb114e728c307ed1045e985a",
            "input": "Article: Ted Turner, achieved high goals and great success by the time he was 43. Best known for his CNN, Ted Turner launched a second nationwide all-news network, Headline News, purchased the Atlanta Braves baseball team, and became the world's best yachtsman at the America's Cup in 1977. In 1982 Ted Turner was named by Forbes one of the 400 richest people in the US. He was named Time magazine's \"Man of the Year\" in 1992. How did Ted Turner accomplish all of this at such a young age? Ted Turner's father, Ed, was a self-made millionaire who demanded that his only son try to achieve similar success. He instilled in the boy a strong belief that hard work was good. Besides reading a new book every two days, Ted Turner was also charged rent at home during summer vacations from boarding school. Ed Turner was a strong influence in his son's life. As a child, Ted Turner lived a very lonely life, often separated from his family. During World War II, his father served in the Navy. Ed Turner took his wife and daughter with him so they could live nearby but left his 6yearold son behind in a boarding school in Cincinnati, Ohio. When Ted Turner was in the fifth grade, his father enrolled him in a military academy. Even though Turner had friends at school, it didn't make up for the absence of his parents and sister. Eventually Ted Turner enrolled at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. He attended college off and on, became involved in sailboat racing, and became a member of the U.S. Coast Guard for a while. In his early twenties, he became general manager of one of his father's branch offices -- the Turner Advertising Company in Macon, Georgia. Two years later after his father's suicide, Ted Turner took over the company. He soon discovered that he was more skilled than his father in managing the business. During the next twenty years, Ted Turner worked hard to accumulate enough power and money to fulfill his father's dream. Reflecting on his father's death, however, Ted Turner realized that it was dangerous to put too much emphasis on material possessions. He decided to use his hard-earned influence to serve the public. Concerned about the environment, Ted Turner established the Better World Society in 1985. The purpose of this organization was to produce documentaries to educate people about pollution, hunger, and the danger of building weapons of mass destruction. In 1986 Turner began sponsoring the Goodwill Games to promote world peace. The Turner Tomorrow Awards were created to encourage writers and thinkers to focus their attention on solving world problems. The Turner Family Foundation was established in 1992. \n Answer: It's a broadcast-news company.",
            "output": [
                "What is CNN according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cc542cedb36f4c0d9d23f80b13434366",
            "input": "Article: Once again, I was in a new school. There was a girl in my class named Paris. That's where the similarities ended.    I was tall and she was small. I was one of the oldest in the class while she was the youngest. I was awkward  and shy. She wasn't. I couldn't stand her, considering her my enemy. But she wanted to be friends with me.    One day, she invited me over and I said yes---I was too shocked to say no. Actually no one had invited me over to play before. But the girl, who wore the latest fashions, wanted to see me.    She lived on the fourth floor in a two-room place with her mother, her stepfather, her two brothers and her sister. When we got to the room she shared with her sister, she took out a big case of Barbies which was my next surprise. I would have thought she'd outgrown  them. I had never played with them. But we sat on the floor of a walk-in cupboard laughing as we made up crazy stories about the Barbies. That's when we found out that we both wanted to be writers when we were older. We both had wild imaginations.    We had a great day that afternoon. Our jaws ached from smiling so much. She showed me her outfits , which had mostly come from a designer clothing store down the block. T he woman who owned it used her as a model sometimes for her newspaper ads and gave her clothes in exchange.    Paris had the whole neighborhood attracted. The bookstore owners lent her fashion magazines, the movie theater gave her free passes and the pizza place let her have free pieces. Soon I included in her magic world. We slept over at each other's house, spent ever free moment together. My dark hair grew out and I learned to love being tall.    Paris, my first real friend since childhood, helped me get through th tough teenage years and taught me and amazing thing about making friends: your \"worst enemy\" can turn out to be your best friend. \n Answer: An unlikely best friend",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is most probably the best title?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-29abd6baac344a3fb24496637982080f",
            "input": "Article: An angler  got the shock of his life when his prize catch turned out to be a crocodile. Alan _ Prangncl], 64, was reportedly fishing in the 22-acre lake near Ringwood when he felt a sharp tugand started to reel the heavy but unknown fish in. But, according to the Southern Daily Echo, when the end of the line appeared, the angler claimed it was actually a two-foot long crocodile. Alan, who has been fishing since lie was six years old, told the paper: \"When it appeared I saw it was acrocodile about two feet long. It was underneath where I was sitting on my box on the water and just lay by the side of my fact for about eight seconds. Then it shot back into the lake. \"It opened its mouth and let out the fish-or what was left of it. It had cut it in half and there was just its head and pan of the body. \"I was in disbelief-I had -o justify in my mind what I had just seen.\" the NHS worker reportelly thirks the crocodile was dropped in after its owner found it too big to deal with  He added: \"1'vc been fishing in that lake for six years and for the club since 1963, so I know everything about the lake. \"I'm the person who saw it and I've nothing to gain by lying abut it\". Fishing club officials and Mr PrangneLl have refused to disclose the exact location of the Hampshire lake for fear of large groups pouring in. \n Answer: A worker.",
            "output": [
                "What is Alan Prangrell?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dd9b25e5edea497b82795abb6769f03c",
            "input": "Article: Have you read The Ugly Little Boy? Well, here is the plot. A Neanderthal child is brought to the present day as a result of time travel experiments. Edith Fellowes, a children's nurse is asked to take care of him. She is at first driven back by his appearance, but soon begins to consider him as her own child, learns to love him and realizes that he is far cleverer than she at first thought. She names him Timmie and tries to make sure that he has the best possible childhood. She becomes angry when the newspapers refer to him as an \"ape-boy\". Edith's love for Timmie brings her into conflict   with her employer, in whose eyes Timmie is more of an experimental animal than a human being. In the end, her employer thinks that his organization has finished all the experiments with Timmie. He wants to move on to the next project, which is to send Timmie to his own time. Miss Fellowes fights the decision, knowing that now he could not survive as he has got used to modern living habits and speech. She decides to take the boy out of the time travel machine, but when that plan fails, she returns to the ancient past with Timmie. Edith Fellowes goes back to the past with Timmie, cares for him and shares his fate. There is a conflict between Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon. But when Edith shows up, things start to change. Both groups regard her as a goddess because of her different appearance and worship her. Timmie grows up to be her assistant. Because of them, the Neanderthals in the book do not become extinct   but co-exist with the Cro-Magnons. \n Answer: Edith's appearance prevents Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon from having a conflict.",
            "output": [
                "What is implied in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-53264d1777fc4af198331d0f33319ac4",
            "input": "Article: It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with their parents . They say their parents don't understand them .They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways , that they are too serious   -- too strict with their children and that they seldom give their children a free hand . It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children's trust  and they often forget how they themselves felt when they were young . For example , young people like to act _ without much thinking . It is one of their ways to show they have grown up and that they can face any difficult situation . However , older people worry more easily . Most of old people plan things ahead , at least in the back of their minds , and do not like their plans to be upset by something unexpected . When you want your parents to let you do something , you will have better success if you ask before you really start doing it . Young people often make their parents angry with their choices in clothes and in music . But they do not want to cause any trouble ; it is just that they feel cut off from the older people's world , into which they have not yet been accepted . That's why young people want to make a new culture of their own . And if their parents do not like their music or hairstyle or clothes or their ways of speech , this will make the young people very happy . Sometimes you are so proud of yourself that you do not want your parents to say \"yes\" to what you do . All you want is to be left alone and do what you like . It is natural enough , after being a child for so many years , when you were completely under your parents' control . If you plan to control your life , you'd better win your parents over and try to get them to understand you. If your parents see that you have a high sense of responsibility , they will certainly give you the right to do what you want to do . \n Answer: Teachers",
            "output": [
                "Whom is this text written for ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1d71785d920048aeb42b249ce4f72b0f",
            "input": "Article: Free Fun Guides Free Admission to Hundreds of Museums Sept. 25 What a weekend! This Saturday, Sept. 25, hundreds of U.S. museums are admission free for the Smithsonian's yearly Museum Day. Unlike previous Museum Day celebrations, you must sign up for a free ticket that admits two people to any of the participating museums. That means filling out a form and having the ticket emailed to you. Not bad for a free offer that will give you admission to museums such as the Adler Planetarium in Chicago and the Air & Space Museum in San Diego. Free Books for Kids @ Barnes & Noble! If your kids love to read -- and we hope they do! -- be sure to sign them up for Barnes & Noble's summer reading programs so they can earn a free book! It's easy for kids ages 12 and under to participate. For Barnes & Noble's Passport to Summer Reading program, just download and print out your passport. Read any eight books, make a list of them on the back of the passport and bring it to any Barnes & Noble by September 7. Choose your free book from the list. FREE Night of Theater Across the U.S. in October It's the yearly run of the Free Night of Theater, when hundreds of theaters in 120 U.S. cities give away thousands of tickets to local productions. While the kickoff date is October 15, many of the theaters start releasing their free tickets by Oct.1 or in waves during the month of October for performance dates throughout the month. Ticket seekers are limited to two tickets for one performance. Find your city on the Free Night of Theater Website and check the listings for performances, their dates and their ticket giveaway times and locations. \n Answer: People can visit museums online and get a small gift.",
            "output": [
                "What is new about this year's Museum Day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-24d401c12f084dab8100afc3006403ce",
            "input": "Article: In a little-known part of the counter-terrorism  world, one of the most effective detection systems is a 600-pound animal that works for about 20 pounds of fish a day. Since the 1960s, the United States and a handful of other countries have trained dolphins and sea lions to detect sea mines and swimmers, to recover inert torpedoes and to test objects used in Naval exercises. Program officials estimate that the sea lions in the Marine Mammal Program have recovered millions of dollars of U.S. Naval torpedoes and instrumentation dropped on the sea floor. The U.S. Navy kept its Marine Mammal Program a secret until the 1990s, and this spring CNN became one of only a handful of media outlets to see firsthand how the program works. The program has trained about 75 Pacific bottlenose dolphins, with natural biosonar   that tracks better than any manmade device; and 35 California sea lions, with superb underwater eyesight. Not only do these trained marine mammals track and _ millions of dollars in U. S. military equipment, they are also helping to save lives. The Navy won't disclose whether the dolphins and sea lions have effectively intercepted  terrorists attempting to do harm to any U.S. facilities. \"Either way, it serves as a deterrent  effect.\" says Christian Harris, operations supervisor for the program. The mammals can be deployed  via C-130 cargo aircraft to perform their missions anywhere in the world within 72 hours. They have been used in exercises from Alaska to Hawaii, operating in great temperature and environmental ranges. They also have the capability to operate off vessels. Dolphins most recently were deployed in the Iraq war, performing mine detection and clearance operations in the Persian Gulf to ensure safe passage for humanitarian ships delivering aid. Some of these Iraq war \"veterans\" are now back home, tasked with a new mission: guarding nuclear submarines in their homeports of Bremerton, Washington, and Groton, Connecticut. \n Answer: To save lives of people.",
            "output": [
                "Which is NOT the purpose of the Marine Mammal Program?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51110d621c544c9e9efc0940294b362a",
            "input": "Article: She is a cute , quiet girl. As a daughter, she has no secrets from her mother, who is very pleased with her. But recently she has become somewhat mysterious, not so open as before: what if she falls in love, which is too early for a girl of her age. After all, she is reaching the \"dangerous stage\". These thoughts have caused trouble in the mother' mind.  One weekend the girl came to tell her mother that she was going to the cinema with her schoolmates and would return late. This was the first time her mother had agreed , and she couldn't help worrying because her daughter had never been away at night before. The mother waited till nine and her uneasiness  got the upper hand over her. She decided to go out to meet her daughter. Just at that moment the noise of a car pulling up drew her to the window and ------there was her daughter, waving goodbye to a boy. Her heart missed a beat. When the girl came in, the mother was watching TV, pretending nothing had happened. \"Mum, I'm back.\" \"Yeah.\" \"Sorry to be late. Still sitting up?\" \"Yes, Oh, that... Who's that boy?\" The daughter was stunned   for a moment. \"Ah. It's my monitor. He gave a lift on his way home. Mum, I'm going to bed\" \"All right. Go to sleep early.\"  Next morning, when the mother went to the daughter's room to do some tidying, she found her diary left at her pillow. After a few minutes' hesitation she finally opened it to the entry of the night before. It read: Mum, it was love that made you ask, but it would show your understanding of me if you hadn't. Holding the diary, the mother fell in thought. \n Answer: What the girl did recently worried her mother.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-24e5eb55c7984d7c9e8eaab1b2036f55",
            "input": "Article: What do you know about the sea? You may have seen it. Some of us have swum or bathed in it. It looks beautiful on a fine sunny day and it can be very  _ when there is a strong wind. What other things do we know about it? Of course, the sea is very large. In the world there is more sea than land. The sea covers three quarters of the earth. The sea is also very deep in some places. It is not deep everywhere, some parts of it are very great. At one spot, near Japan the sea is nearly 11 kilometers deep! Just think of it, the highest mountain in the world is only about 9 kilometers high! If you have swum in the sea, you know that the water is salty. Rivers carry salt from the land into the sea. Some parts of the sea are more salty than other parts. Do you know the Dead Sea in Arabia? It is very salty. Swimmers cannot sink in it! Fish cannot live in the Dead Sea. It is a strange sea. In most parts of the sea, there are a lot of fishes and plants. Some live near the top of the sea. Others live deep down. No sunlight can reach the depth of the sea. So it is completely dark. Strange fishes live there. Some are blind. Some have their own lights. Some have great jaws. With their great jaws, they swallow fish larger than themselves. The sea can be very cold. Deep sea divers know this well. At the top of the water may be warm. Then as the divers go down, the sea becomes colder and colder.   Many scientists are now making a study of animal and plant life in the sea. They hope to find new resources for mankind. \n Answer: The salt in the sea mainly comes from the land.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ab9d6a6e14ba4e2ea04c5a3142208983",
            "input": "Article: Shundagarh is a village on India's east-facing coast. It is a village of simple mud and grass houses built on the beach just above the waterline. The Khadra Hills rise immediately behind the village, to a height of one hundred and fifty meters. A simple, good-hearted old man, whose name was Jalpur, farmed two small fields on the very edge of these hills. From his fields he could see the fishing boats that traveled up and down the coast. He could see the children playing on the sands; their mothers washing clothes on the flat stones where the Shiva River flowed into the sea; and their fathers landing the latest catch or repairing nets and telling stories that had no end. All Jalpur owned in the world were the clothes he wore day in and day out, the miserable  hut that he slept in at night, a few tools and cooking pots - and his fields. The corn that he grew was all that made life possible. If the weather was kind and the harvest was good, Jalpur could live happily enough - not well, but happily. When the sun was fierce, and there was little or no rain, then he came close to the line between life and death. Last year the weather had been so kind, and the harvest promised to be so good, that Jalpur had been wondering whether he could sell all that he had and live with his son farther up the coast. He had been thinking about doing this for some years. It was his dearest wish to spend his last days with his son and his wife. But he would go only if he could give; he would not go if it meant taking food out of the mouths of his grandchildren. He would rather die hungry than do this. On the day when Jalpur decided that he would harvest his corn, sell it, and move up the coast, he looked out to the sea and saw a huge wave, several kilometers out, advancing on the coast and on the village of Shundagarh. Within ten minutes everyone in Shundagarh would be drowned. Jalpur would have shouted, but the people were too far away to hear. He would have run down the hill, but he was too old to run. He was prepared to do anything to save the people of Shundagarh, so he did the only thing that he could do: he set fire to his corn. In a matter of seconds the flames were rising high and smoke was rising higher. Within a minute the people of Shundagarh were racing up the hill to see what had happened. There, in the middle of his blackened cornfield, they found Jalpur; and there they buried him. On his grave, they wrote the words: Here lies Jalpur, a man who gave, living; a man who died, giving. \n Answer: He only depended on good weather and harvest for survival.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't Jalpur live well?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bd550e87fddb4a9189fda08d3b54e74d",
            "input": "Article: An earthquake happens when two plates rub   together. The earth plates travel in different directions and at different speeds. If one plate is slowly forced underneath the other,  pressure builds up until the plates break apart. This process causes the ground to move. It is an earthquake. In other words, earthquakes are the shaking of the earth's surface caused by the earth's rocky outer layer as a result of the energy stored within the earth. The strain within the rocks is suddenly released  . The damage an earthquake causes depends on where it is and the time it is happening. If an unpopulated region is struck, there will be low loss of life or property. If it hits a large city, there may be many injuries and much destruction. Many of the areas at risk are largely populated now. Major earthquakes hitting those areas today could produce terrible damage. Actually, there are several million small earth-quakes every year. Large earthquakes such as the 1964 Alaska quake that measured 9.2 on the Richter scale, cause millions of dollars in damage. In the last 500 years, millions of people have been killed by earthquakes around the world -- including 240,000 in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China. A 60-second or less earthquake can cause devastation  that continues for years after the first tremor  . In 1972, a series of severe earthquakes struck Managua, Nicaragua. Fifteen years later, the city still looked the way it had a week after the earthquake hit, because the country did not have the necessary money to rebuild it. The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster. It is in the _ fires and floods that often the greatest damage occurs. In the 1906 earthquake, it was the fires caused after it that did the majority of the damage. An earthquake can also destroy dams high above a city or valleys, causing floods to sweep down and sweep away everything in their path. \n Answer: The 1976 Tangshan earthquake.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is mentioned to show that an earthquake can kill too many people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9f8a053ca7e441f1bdd2700b90cf702c",
            "input": "Article: A few days ago I got a call from my old college friend whom I haven't seen for a very long time. The topic, which was about all the good old times that we had changed to a touching story when he started talking about his father. His father's declining health made him stay at the hospital. Because of his illness, his father suffered from insomnia   and often talked to himself. My friend, who had not been able to sleep for a few days as he had to keep watching his father's condition, became irritated and told his father to keep silent and try to get some sleep. His father said that he really wanted to sleep well because he was very tired and told my friend to leave him alone in the hospital if he did not want to keep him company. After his father finished talking, he fell unconscious  . My friend was very sorry for speaking the ill words towards his father. My friend, whom I knew as a tough person, cried as a baby on the other end of the telephone. He said that from that moment on, he prayed every day, asking God to let his father wake up from his coma. He promised himself that whatever words came out from his father's mouth after he regained his consciousness, he would gladly take them. His only hope for God was to give him a chance to _ his past mistake. Often, we complain when we have to accompany or watch over our parents for years, months, days, hours or even minutes. But do we realize that our parents keep us company and watch over us for as long as we (or they) live? From the day we were born to our adulthood, and even when deaths come to us, they are always at our side. Imagine how sad our parents will be when they hear a seemingly innocent word of \"no\" come out from our mouths. We can make promises to ourselves that from now on there will be no more complaints that come out from our mouths when we have to watch over or accompany our parents. No more complaints come out from our mouths when we feel that our parents have treated us like little children. There are so many unlucky ones who have neither fathers nor mothers. They long to have the things that we most complain about, but never have them. Actually, it takes only a second to think and light the lamp that will bring us to a place where peace is dwelling. \n Answer: Pitiful",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following word can be used to describe the writer's friend?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9387693a129b4d6c84069f6c83d0ecd5",
            "input": "Article: Googlefight is a simple service available on the Internet which offers you the chance to compare two different items and see how many hits they get on the Google search engine. The seemingly simple device has proved invaluable to users, especially to help win arguments. For example, imagine that you and your friends are arguing about who are the most popular music or movie stars, you can decide the argument by writing the names in the Googlefight boxes. Let's say that you are arguing about Jackie Chan and Jet Li. You will quickly discover that Jet Li is mentioned 16 million times on Google pages, whereas Jackie Chan is mentioned a mere 12 million times! In this unscientific way, you can claim victory for one Star over another. But teachers have come up with ways of using Googlefight which are much more useful from an academic point of view, particularly when it comes to studying languages. You can, for example, find out the frequency of two words with the same meaning, and deduce   from the answers which one is more common. For example, let's take the words \"buy\" and \"purchase\", which mean the same thing (although \"buy\" is only a verb and \"purchase\" is both a verb and a noun). It is immediately clear from Googlefight that \"buy\" is much more commonly used, with a massive three and a half billion hits, compared to only one billion occurrences for the more formal word. But the real value of Googlefight to the language learner is in determining which is the more common of two phrases. For example, \"raining cats and dogs\" is an old-fashioned English expression about the weather. Do English speakers still use it? Or are they more likely to say \"pouring down\"? Googlefight suggests the latter. \"Pouring down\" has 898,000 Google hits, whereas \"raining cats and dogs\" only has 326,000. With phrases, it's important to remember that you need to use quote marks to make the search more accurate. For example, if you type in the similar phrases \"look after\" and \"take care of \" without quote marks, the second phrase seems to be more common, but with quote marks, the result is reversed. \n Answer: A list of all the websites on Google.",
            "output": [
                "What is Googlefight?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76ae2014be2140ec83377a5abdfeeacb",
            "input": "Article: Life comes in a package. This package includes happiness and sorrow, failure and success, hope and despair. Life is a learning process. Experiences in life teach us new lessons and make us a better person. With each passing day we learn to handle various situations. Love Love plays a pivotal role on out life. Love makes you feel wanted. Without love a person could go hayward and also become cruel and ferocious. In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who shower us with unconditional love and care, they teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we always tend to take this for granted. It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to others feelings. Kids make a person responsible and mature and help us to understand life better. Happiness and sorrow Materialistic happiness is short-lived, but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on others face gives a certain level of fulfillment. Peace of mind is the main link to happiness. No mind is happy without peace. We realize the true worth of happiness when we are in sorrow. Sorrow is basically due to death of a loved one, failure and despair. But these things are temporary and pass away. Failure and success Failure is the path to success. It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way. Success brings in money, fame, pride and self-respect. Here it becomes very important to keep our head on out shoulder. The only way to show our gratitude to god for bestowing success on us is by being humble, modest, courteous and respectful to the less fortunate ones. Hope and despair Hope is what keeps life going. Parents always hope their children will do well. Hope makes us dream. Hope builds in patience. Life teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hour, because after every night there is a day. Nothing remains the same we have only one choice keep moving on in life and be hopeful. Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is beyond our control. Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be bright or dull. So the only alternative is work hard today, so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow. \n Answer: Lifestyles.",
            "output": [
                "In which section can readers probably read the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5b3e7cc23c814d478e2f0baf0497ab38",
            "input": "Article: When it comes to protecting the privacy of their children, U.S. parents give social networks a failing grade. According to a recent survey, three out of four parents believe social networks are not doing a good job of protecting kids' online privacy.  The survey was conducted for Common Sense Media, a nonprofit organization devoted to helping families find the right way to deal with the world of media and technology. Ninety-two percent of parents said they are concerned that children share too much information online, and 85 percent said they are more concerned about online privacy than they were five years ago. In other findings, Common Sense Media found that 68% of parents are not at all confident in search engines keeping their private information safe and secure and 71% of parents said the same about social networking sites. The survey found a great deal of concern about the online geo-location services which find and show the exact position of somebody through the net. Ninety-one percent of parents said search engines and social networking sites should not be able to share the physical location of children with other companies unless the parents approve. \"The survey results present a clear divide between the industry's view of privacy and the opinion of parents and kids,\" Common Sense Media CEO and founder James Steyer said. \"American families are deeply worried about how their personal information is being used by technology and online companies, yet the companies appear to be keeping their heads deep in the sand,\" Steyer said. IT companies need to step up but parents, children, schools and government also need to do more, he said. \"Parents and kids have to educate themselves about how to protect their information,\" he said. \"Schools should teach all students and their parents about privacy protection.\" \"And finally, policymakers have to update privacy policies for the 21st century,\" he said. According to the survey, more than 60 percent of parents want the US Congress to update online privacy laws for children and teenagers. \n Answer: US Congress has not yet passed any online privacy law for children and teenagers.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1161deb9918e49fba098f1235309d5a6",
            "input": "Article: Oprah Winfrey is not just a very successful TV personality  in the US, she is also a woman who has encouraged millions. For those people, her life and her success are a good example. She has struggled with many of the challenges that we all face, and she has changed her life. Her message is powerful: I did it, and so can you. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose becoming famous is an encouraging story. She was born on January 29, 1954 in a small village in America. Her patents were very poor. For her family, life seemed to hold no promise. But there was nothing that could stop Oprah. She was an extremely bright girl at school. She asked her kindergarten teacher to let her go to school sooner and she also skipped  the second grade of primary school . Her life from the age of six till about fourteen was very hard. For many women such difficulty would be too heavy to bear . But not for Oprah. When she was fourteen, Oprah went to live with her father. Her father showed her how hard work and discipline  could lead to self-improvement. Oprah listened to her father, and a few years later she won a college scholarship that allowed her to go to university. Two years later, after graduation, she started working for television. For more than ten years she worked for different TV stations across the country. In 1984, she moved to Chicago, where she became the host of a talk show called \"AM Chicago\". When Oprah started, \"AM Chicago\" had few listeners. By September of the next year, the show was so successful that it was given a new name: 'The Oprah Winfrey Show\". Oprah Winfrey's story encourages many people to believe that success and happiness in life are within reach for everyone. \n Answer: I managed to over come  the challenges.",
            "output": [
                "What does Oprah Winfrey mean by saying \"I did it\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dd14a5104db34846b3df0edaec438ac1",
            "input": "Article: As millions of playthings are recalled, doctors are reminded that the risks of lead exposure continue for young patients. Lead is such a well-known health - perhaps even contributing to the fall of the Roman Empire- that it came as a shock to discover that toys played by children could contain lead. Doctors are now dealing with the aftershocks. Just how dangerous is this exposure? That's the question physicians are being asked by parents who find a lead-polluted Elmo, of Dora. Millions of others toys, lunch boxes and pieces of jewelry manufactured in China have been recalled because they contain lead either in the paint that coats them or as a component of the plastic used to make the item more flexible. The lead content in some of the toys recalled this summer was 180 times the amount allowed by law. Some pieces of jewelry were almost 100% lead. Experts advise that the items do cause a risk and that doctors should urge parents to check the comprehensive lists of recalled products on the Consumer Product Safety Commission's Web site and return any appearing on those lists to the manufacturers. If exposure is suspected, a blood test is in order . Since there is no safe level of this universal   element, the risk face by children for lead poisoning and its accompanying threat of learning disabilities and behavior problems is considerable. Doctors who have toys in their waiting rooms also are advised to see if any of them have been recalled and to check for chipped, flaking paint-even on those that haven't yet been recalled--since new announcements of toy risk continue. \n Answer: To show how terrible lead poisoning is.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author mention \"the fall of the Roman Empire\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa4a02ab751742db9ecddd5166956592",
            "input": "Article: American parents generally can choose any name they want for their children. They may choose a name because it honors a family member. Or they may choose a name just because they like it. A website called Baby Center lists some unusual names given to American babies born last year. Some were named for characters in old stories, such as Hero, Thor and Ulysses. Other people named their babies after kinds of food, like actress Gwyneth Paltrow. She named her daughter Apple. Other people named their babies Banana, Pumpkin and Cookie. Still some babies were named for places. These included Brazil, India and Rome. Some parents used names of famous people from history such as Newton and Hannibal. Other parents named their babies after flowers or the weather. These babies were named Buttercup, Iris, Sunshine and Thunder. Recording artists and movie actors influence some parents' choices of names. Babies were named Beyonce, Charlize, Reda, Pierce, Shajira and Whitney. Movie actors themselves often give their babies unusual names. For example, Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt named their baby daughter Shiloh. Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes named their little girl Suri. Some American parents do not want unusual names. They want their baby's name to honor their religious faith. Such names include Abraham for boys or Sarah for girls. And many people give their babies the same name as a family member or good friend. The United States Social Security Administration once published a list of the most popular names for American girls and boys born. Many of the top ten boys, names are from the Jewish and Christian Bibles. \n Answer: In a way they please.",
            "output": [
                "How did American parents usually name their children?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e667ad50359742a1a2984403c6f133ab",
            "input": "Article: A superstar is someone who is usually famous in sports, or films, or popular music, someone like the singer Michael Jackson. In the nineteen eighties, Michael Jackson made a record album called \"Thriller\". It quickly became the most popular recording in the history of music and it made Michael Jackson a superstar. The word \"super\" means more than usual or very wonderful. And of course, a star is a person who is very famous. So people who are famous and skilful in sports, films or music are called superstars, such as Li Ning. One of the most famous sports superstars in the United States is the boxer Muhammad Ali. After he won a gold medal in the Olympics and became the heavyweight boxing champion, he was known as one of the greatest and most famous boxers in the sports history. At that time Muhammad Ali was even better known than the president of the United States. He was a true superstar. nearly everyone knew his name. But like the stars in the sky, a superstar may fade away   as the years go by. These days people know little about Muhammad Ali. Superstars, loved by millions of people today, may be forgotten tomorrow. \n Answer: The headmaster",
            "output": [
                "According to the author which of the person is NOT a superstar?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f5e7eb2dfc94ab2852ebd3a7f718e09",
            "input": "Article: Robinson Crusoe is a famous novel written by Daniel Defoe. The book tells the story of a man who is shipwrecked  . He spends 28 years on an island near Venezuela. The book tells the story of everything that happens to Robinson Crusoe. He hopes someone will rescue him, but he has been there for so long on his own that he also begins to fear being rescued. Robinson Crusoe was published in 1719. Most experts believe the story is based on the life of Alexander Selkirk, who was a Scottish sailor. On an expedition   in 1704, Selkirk had an argument with his ship's captain. Selkirk thought the ship was not safe and was about to fall apart. When the ship stopped at a remote island to get fresh water, Selkirk got off. He tried to get the other crew members to leave with him, but nobody would. The shop then sailed away without him. Selkirk spent four years and four months on his own on the island, known as Aguas Buenas. Selkirk was finally rescued by a ship that visited the island in 1709. The ship's captain was grateful to Selkirk because he provided food for the crew when they arrived. Now archaeologists think they have found the remains of Selkirk's camp on Aguas Buenas. They found two deep holes that would have held wooden posts. The archaeologists say this is evidence that Selkirk built a shelter there. The post holes are near a fresh water stream. They are located quite high up, which would have meant that Selkirk was able to watch out for the ships coming close to the island. The most interesting evidence, the archaeologists say, is part of a piece of equipment used by sailors to navigate  . Historians believe Selkirk was a navigator, so the instrument could have belonged to him. Robinson Crusoe was published ten years after Selkirk was rescued. Most experts think Daniel Defoe heard and read stories about Selkirk, which inspired him to write the book. \n Answer: Because he thought the ship he was on was in danger.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Selkirk choose to land on the remote island?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b6eebc5bf0254e87adb67382a7458db1",
            "input": "Article: While she may be best known for her role as Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter films,Emma Watson would rather be known for something else--her mind. The 18yearold British actress intends to put her acting career on hold to pursue higher studies at a university after she finished filming the final installment,Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Watson,whose parents are both Oxford graduates,recently scored straight A's in her Alevels. She is now on a gap year before starting university. Earlier this month,Watson applied to two of the top universities in the United States--Harvard and Yale. She admitted that Harry Potter series has brought her fame and financial security .She has made more than PS 10 million so far,but now she \"has a need to study\". \"I think the entertainment business is such a temperamental one. One minute you're up there and the next--nothing,\"she said. Watson is growing up in front of millions of viewers .She was only nine years old when she started playing the role of Hermione. And the way she figured out how to deal with media attention is \"try not to read too much of what is said and try to distance myself a bit from it\". Watson has other interests. These include,interestingly,fishing and she has helped raise money for the Wild Trout Trust. \n Answer: Watson's worries.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following topics is not mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8b7eb97767914ce6a7b377d476014f19",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever wondered what a Degree might be worth to you in your job or career? It means a lot. Americans with an Associate Degree average nearly $10,000 more in yearly earnings than those with just a High School Diploma. Harcourt Learning Direct offers you a way to get a Specialized Associate Degree in 11 of today's growing fields - without having to go to college full-time. With Harcourt, you study at home, in your spare time so you don't have to give up your present job while you train for a better one. Choose from exciting majors like Business Management, Accounting, Dressmaking & Design, Bookkeeping, Photography, Computer Science, Engineering, and more! Your training includes everything you need! Books, lessons, learning aids---even professional-quality tools and equipment --- everything you need to master your training and move ahead to a new career is included in the low tuition   price you pay. Your education is nationally recognized!  Nearly 2,000 American companies --- including General Electric, IBM, Mobil, General Motors, Ford, and many others --- have used our training for their employees. If companies like these recognize the value of our training, you can be sure that employers in your area will, too! Earn your degree in as little as two years! Get a career diploma in just six months! The career of your dreams is closer than you think! Even if you have no experience before, you can get valuable job skills in today's hottest fields! Step-by-step lessons make learning easy. Prepare for promotions, pay raises, or even start a business of your own. Send today for FREE information about Harcourt at-home training!  Simply fill in your name and address on the coupon   above. Then, write in the name and number of the program you're most interested in, and mail it today. We'll rush your free information about how you can take advantage of the opportunities. In the field you've chosen. Act today! Mail coupon today! Or call the number below 1-800-372-1589. Call anytime, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. www.harcourt-learning.com  E-mail: Harcourt@learning.com \n Answer: High school graduates preparing to have at-home training.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of people will probably answer this advertisement?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ecf5b0a1798d44ce882cbd69995bcd4d",
            "input": "Article: These are tough times for the charities, many of which will be experiencing lower levels of donations -- so if you can support them please do. HIPPO HIPPO is dedicated to relieving poverty and overcoming hunger and malnutrition in poor countries through the provision and production of vegan food. They help vegan orphanages and some of the poorest families in the community, and encourage and assist the development of sustainable agriculture and gardening. Plants for a Future Plants for a Future(a project based in Cornwall)researches perennial , eatable and useful plants for sustainable agriculture / living. Their achievements include the creation of an online database of 7,000 plants. Respect for Animals Respect for Animals campaigns against the fur trade. They run the annual Design Against Fur competition and were responsible for the anti-fur advertising campaign of the 80's. Vegan-Organic Trust The Vegan-Organic Trust is a charity \"devoted to education about animal-free food growing\". They produce a regular magazine and provide information for both large- and small-scale growers. Vega Research Vega Research campaigns on farming and human health issues. Sponsors research into vegan nutrition and the links between diet and health. \n Answer: Vegan-Organic Trust",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following campaigns against animal products?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5bd2008424e14b2fb256fb9b24b8ce41",
            "input": "Article: Whether it's joining a school club, going to a friend's birthday party, or travelling by train, we can meet new people anywhere and anytime in our lives. However, many of us feel awkward when meeting people for the first time, especially when we aren't quite sure what to say. The situation feels cold, even icy. \"Breaking the ice\" is a term widely used in the English-speaking countries to describe a small talk technique that can help rescue a conversation from certain failure. So where do you even begin? Well, a good start is to accept that it is perfectly normal to feel a little nervous when talking to someone for the first time. They might look _ or scary, but they could turn out to be the nicest person you've ever met. You might think that breaking the ice is difficult. But sometimes just a simple \"hello\", followed by a three-second smile, can make all the difference. Complimenting someone on their garment or accessories  is also a great, easy way to break the ice. You might say: \"I love your jacket. Where did you buy it from?\" Being in an uncomfortable or unpleasant situation with someone new might feel terrible, but it can actually be one of the best icebreakers. By focusing on the situation, you come together to fight the common enemy: the long bathroom queue, for example, or the overcrowded bus. You can make observations too. \"What kind of drink is that?\" \"That's a lovely name. What does it mean?\" \"Do you study here too?\" There are opportunities all around you to ask questions that don't seem weird, as long as you have some follow-up questions in mind. If you're feeling extra bold, make a joke. Jokes can be difficult to master but if you get them right, they show the likeable, witty side of your character. \"What's your name?\" \"Well, people usually call me Mike, but you can call me tonight.\" \n Answer: Advice on breaking the ice when we communicate with a stranger",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-12d66135d0d24566a16adeb8466cc1a3",
            "input": "Article: Invisible ink has fascinated kids for generations. You might think that it would be difficult to make, but it's not. All you'll need for this experient is some milk; some white paper; a clean cotton swab   or small, clean paintbrush; the kitchen stove; and help from an adult. The most difficult part of this mini-project is choosing the message that you'll write with your invisible ink. Maybe you'll want to pretend that you're a spy on a secret mission, writing messages that would lead to big, big trouble if they were discovered. Choose your words carefully. All you need to do is, using the brush of cotton swab, write your message with milk on the paper. Don't use a lot of milk and soak the paper. Use just enough to make a thin coating. Once you've finished writing, ask the adult who's helping you to turn on the kitchen stove to a low heat. Very carefully, using kitchen mitts ,hold the paper about a foot above the warm burner. If you don't see results, you may have to make the burner a little hotter. Do not, however, hold the paper low over the burner. As the paper heats up, your message will become brown and you'll be able to see what was written. You want to know why? It's because chemical compounds in the milk have a low burning point. When the paper gets warm, those compounds will heat up and trun brown, while the paper will be unaffected. You also can try this experiment with other liquids, such as orange juice, lemon juice, vinegar, and apple juice. Just be sure to follow all safety rules and have an adult around to help you. \n Answer: Making Invisible Ink",
            "output": [
                "What is probably the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-187c3af5231842a8881e7fbba1ea602f",
            "input": "Article: The Himalayas are mountains that are located in South Asia. They are a part of Nepal, India, Pakistan, China and Bhutan. The mountains are the highest in the world, reaching almost 9,000 meters sea level. The Himalayas separate the Indian subcontinent from the inner part of Asia. The word Himalaya means \" home of snow\". 14 mountains are over 8,000 meters high, among them the K2, Nanga Parbat and Mount Everest, at 8,848 meters, the world's highest mountain. The Himalayas extend over 1,500 miles( 2,400km ) from the Indus valley in the west to the Brahmaputra Valley in the east. Many of the mountain peaks are sacred to the people who live in the surrounding areas . Hindu and Buddhist pilgrims go there and pray to God. The Himalayas belong to the youngest mountain ranges in the world. They were formed when the Indian subcontinent, which was originally a part of the southern landmass, drifted to the north and crashed into Asia. This movement started about 70 million years ago and has been going on up to the present day. The Himalayas are still becoming taller, moving at about 7 cm per year. Earthquakes and volcanoes are evidences that the area is still very active. Glaciers and permanent snow fields cover the higher regions of the Himalayas. They are the source of streams that flow into the two big rivers of the region. The Indus flows to the west and through Pakistan into the Arabia Sea. The Ganges and Brahmaputra flow to the east and get together in Bangladesh. They form the largest delta in the world. \n Answer: 5",
            "output": [
                "How many countries do the Himalayas belong to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9422815ed5d44da9daf7c73470276f6",
            "input": "Article: Wolves travel in groups, and they perform almost all the other activities of their lives in the company of fellow wolves. This is one of the most important facts that modern science have learned about wolves and one of the things that most clearly explain their way of life. The pack is usually a family group. It is made up of animals related to each other by blood. The centre of a pack is a pair of wolves----an adult male and female that have produced young. The other members of the pack are their offspring  : young wolves ranging in age from pups to two- and three-year-olds. Most packs have 6 or 7 members, although some may include as many as 15 wolves. Relationships among creatures that live close together in groups are often very complex, and this is true of the ties that connect the members of a wolf pack. Scientific studies of captive  wolves and wolf packs in the wild have shown that many complex rules of behavior seem to govern the way that the animals relate to each other. When wolf pups are born into a pack, one of the most important things they must learn is the \"language\" of the group, the method by which pack members keep in touch with each other, sharing information and communicating their feelings. Scientists have discovered that wolves have a very complex system of communication. The most famous wolf sound is, of course, the howl, and it is a very important part of wolf language. When people think about howling, they usually imagine a sad, lonely sound made by a wolf sitting all alone on a hilltop in the moonlight. However, this picture in most human beings' mind is not completely true. Wolves howl at any time, not just at night, and they often howl together, not alone. Group or chorus howling is another means by which the members of a wolf reaffirm  their ties with each other and their closeness as a group. One wolf----often the male leader----will point its nose at the sky, open its mouth, and start to howl. Immediately the other members of the pack rush to stand beside him, shoulder to shoulder, and join their voices to his. Each wolf howls on its own note so that a big chorus of slightly different sounds is produced. Chorus howling often takes place before a wolf pack goes out to hunt. At the end of a successful hunt, the pack may also celebrate with a group howl. While wolves are on the track of prey ,they are usually silent. There are occasions when a wolf will howl by itself. This may happen when an animal is separated from the pack. Pack members seem to recognize each other's voices and will keep responding to the howl of their wandering relative until the group is reunited. Because howling is a sound that carries over a considerable distance, it is very useful in communications among separated members of a pack. Howling is also used when members of different packs have to get in touch with each other to pass on information about their locations and their purposes. \n Answer: Living in packs",
            "output": [
                "What makes communication the most important part of wolves' lives?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-84e1e926dcc545e1963c4ddbeb00eba7",
            "input": "Article: The other day I was watching Sportscenter when one of those \"human interest \" stories came on and really caught my attention. The hero was about a 27-year-old professional Bass Fisherman named Clay Dyer. At first, they played it off as another guy trying to make the cut on the Bassmaster tour until they showed a picture of him. No legs, no arms, or rather, he was only1/3 of his right arm. That's all that he has. It was such an amazing story that I was wondering what this guy could do. Growing up, he learned to play baseball and basketball, but found that fishing was his true calling. And he does it all on his own. He holds the fishing pole under his chin and uses that and his stub arm to cast and reel in the fish. He uses his teeth to help him unhook fish. He ties his own hooks on with his mouth, never really asking anyone else to help. Clay Dyer even knows how to swim. Since his body can't produce enough sweat on its own, he has to take a dip in the lake every few hours to keep cool. He dives in just like anyone else, then somehow treads water  with his stub arm, then, with a little help, pulls himself back up into the boat and goes on fishing. Clay Dyer has never looked for others' pity, nor has he allowed his physical disabilities to prevent him from becoming a professional fisherman. His motto for life is \"If I can, you can.\"He refuses to use special equipment, saying, \"I want to do it with one hand the way they do it with two. \n Answer: Stubborn.",
            "output": [
                "Which word best describe Clay Dyer's deed?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-081fa0c7e35048adb9d74bf571f78d4b",
            "input": "Article: \"Love your neighbor as yourself\"is a saying familiar to most of us. It means that you must have he ability to love and accept yourself in order to form and keep satisfying relationship with others self-esteem means accepting yourself for who you really are, and believing that you are indeed a worthwhile person who is deserving of love and respect from others. Self-esteem is our sense of how good we feel about ourselves. It is based on our judgment of ourselves, not on other people's assessment, but simply on our own. Our self-esteem is not dependant on our talent. Some very ordinary people feel very good about themselves, while other extraordinarily high achievers hold low opinions of themselves. Self-esteem is the primary key to long-term stress management. Why? The first three sources of stress are: predictable life event, unexpected changes and build-up of daily stresses, These are much easier to handle when we believe in ourselves, A positive, healthy self-esteem gives us the \"hardiness\"  to deal with the difficulties of life, and to see them as challenges to be met, rather than threats to be feared. The forth category of stress is entirely the result of a low self-esteem. It is the category of stress that is most common and tiring over the long run. This kind of stress cannot be overcome, or even changed, until the self-esteem problems that cause it are corrected. Learning to love yourself for who you are is the key to overcoming stress. Self-esteem comes form the self, and cannot be promoted by others. A person who feels that his self-esteem comes from the approval of those around him or her is bound to self-destruct , One cannot keep the level of \"performance\" required to please everyone else, especially if that performance disagrees with who you are and is simply a _ that makes you popular with the world. When the applause is gone, there is nothing left. Only those who can feel the strength of knowing who they are and those who can feel good about that will survive the stresses of life. Self-esteem is the basis of contentment and positive living. \n Answer: Our understanding of how we are seen by others.",
            "output": [
                "What is self-esteem?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a9e1004d26ad4a848f266382a26e4750",
            "input": "Article: Germany's mystery English-speaking \"forest boy\" is said to be having trouble adjusting to conventional life.    Source close to the case claim he is having difficulty sleeping in a proper bed and wants to return to the wild. Other creature comforts , such as soap, hot showers, and running water, are also \" unsettling\" the youngster. Known only as Ray, and believed to be around 17, the boy is thought to have spent at least five years sleeping rough in woods south of the German capital.    He handed himself into officials on September 5, and was carrying a rucksack ,tent and sleeping bag. He told police his father had recently died after a fall and he had buried him in a shallow grave. He then walked north for a fortnight for help until he got to the German capital.    Despite the bizarre nature of the story, police have said it is credible. The source said it was \" unsurprising\" the teenager found a soft bed so unusual if he had been sleeping rough for so long. \"He has indicated that he would be far more comfortable on the forest floor and would prefer to return there to sleep,\" the source added.    The boy claimed that his father had taken him into the woods south of Berlin after his mother, Doreen, died in a car crash.    Now detectives have begun a search for the grave, or any other place where Ryan's body might be lying. The boy is unable to tell them exactly where he buried his father, but claimed he \" followed his compass northwards\". In the meantime, they are trying to make Ray a ward of court, so that an official can be appointed to make important decisions on his behalf.    DNA, fingerprint and dental records can also then be handed to Interpol  so that his records can be checked against those of missing children. A police spokesman confirmed that a search had started for Ryan's grave after the boy said that he was buried under the stones \" two weeks south of Berlin\". Police are puzzled by the case, but say that everything Ray has told them so far adds up.    Officials believe the teenager could be British because he speaks English but only basic German. The British Consul is also working with police to try to solve the mystery.     Ray, who is 5 feet 11 inches, with blond hair, is in good physical shape and had no signs of abuse apart from a small scar that was at least 3 years old. \n Answer: He is about 17 years old now.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about \" forest boy\" is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e84503b7c45446deba07a74b0f353d3a",
            "input": "Article: The following is the instruction to the people who have to take this medicine.     Dosage: Adult twelve years old and over take two teaspoonfuls as needed, not more than fifteen teaspoonfuls per day. Children six years old to twelve years old take half the adult dosage, not more than seven teaspoonfuls per day.     Warning: Do not overtake this medicine unless directed by a doctor. Children under six years old and persons with high blood pressure, heart disease do not take this medicine. This preparation may cause  _ . So do not drive or operate machinery while taking this medicine. Long- time cough is dangerous. If relief does not occur within three days, discontinue use and go to see your doctor. \n Answer: Someone who has a cough",
            "output": [
                "According to the direction, which of the following people should take the medicine mentioned?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2e98fcfb8964bda9d4ec71f2ef95c24",
            "input": "Article: A sure way to destroy your chances of learning how to write skillfully is to believe that writing is a \"natural gift\" rather than a learned skill. People with such an attitude think that they are the only ones for whom writing is unbearably difficult. They feel that everyone else finds writing easy or at least tolerable. Such people often say, \"I'm not any good at writing\" or \"English was not one of my good subjects.\" They imply that they simply do not have a talent for writing while others do. The result of this attitude is that these people try to avoid writing, and when they do write, they don't try their best. Their writing fails chiefly because they believe that they don't have the \"natural talent\" needed to write. Unless their attitude changes, they probably will not learn how to write effectively. A realistic attitude about writing must build on the idea that writing is a skill. It is a skill like driving, typing, or cooking; and, like any skill, it can be learned. If you have the determination to learn, you will develop your writing skills by practicing extensively. Many people find it difficult to do the active thinking that clear writing demands. It is frustrating to discover how much of a challenge it is to transfer thoughts and feelings from one's head onto a sheet of paper. But writing is not an automatic process: We will not get something for nothing -- and we should not expect to. For almost everyone, skillful writing comes from hard work -- from determination and sweat. The good news is that the skill of writing can be mastered, and if you are ready to work, you will learn what you need to know. \n Answer: They don't think writing can be learned.",
            "output": [
                "Why do some people think writing is difficult?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1027c8beadca49dfa37bed1df3d766d6",
            "input": "Article: YANGON -- Myanmar has officially accepted an offer of the United States to send humanitarian aid  to the country's cyclone(;)victims, state radio reported Friday in a night broadcast Myanmar Deputy Foreign Minister U Kyaw Thu gave the assurance Friday, saying that the country is receiving such relief aid from any country without limit at this time according to its policy  of dealing with the disaster, the report said. Kyaw Thu denied rumors about Myanmar's turning down of such relief materials from Western countries but accept those from nations in good relations with Myanmar, saying that the country has never done so in this case. Kyaw Thu said that well wishers abroad may make cash donation through Myanmar embassies stationed there, while those who like to donate relief goods may present at the Yangon International Airport and seaports. According to the report, the US relief aid would arrive in Yangon in days. A foreign ministry's statement said earlier on Friday that at this moment, the international community can best help the victims by donating emergency provisions such as medical supplies, food, cloth, electricity generator, and materials for emergency shelter or with financial assistance,\" adding that \"Myanmar will wholeheartedly welcome such course of action\". The government and the people of Myanmar are grateful to the friendly nations, the United Nations, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, private individuals and others for their sympathy and generosity.\" it said. \n Answer: Myanmar will wholeheartedly welcome such course of action but the US relief aid.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-477ae5fcaa5348dc9b8f20ac813474e6",
            "input": "Article: Oxford University has introduced confidence classes for female students to get them to compete for jobs in future and win chances to work in best companies. They may be young and gifted but research at the excellent institution has found that female undergraduates are shying away from applying to jobs in banking, finance, management consultancy , engineering and resource management. Partly as a result, starting salaries for women when they graduate are on average PS2,000 to PS3,000 lower than their male counterparts.  \"Women are earning less on leaving Oxford. It is ridiculous,\" said JonathanBlack, the careers service director at the university. \"We have high quality, high achieving students of both genders. But it appears that women are selecting lower paid jobs. They accept more prejudice in certain industries and are saying I won't struggle for that really high paid job'. We are not trying to push loads of women but we are trying to say, you should feel able to apply for these sorts of jobs. Boys seem to have a more self-confidence and see the bigger picture generally, even when their self-belief is not necessarily based on any greater academic advantage.\" The four-day programme at Oxford will help 45 female undergraduates improve their self-confidence and decision making, think positively and build on their strengths. Confidence training will teach them how to deal with opposition and challenging situations.  Successful female employees from RBS and BP, which are supporting the course, will talk about their lives and careers. RBS's involvement follows a promise by the bank toincrease its national percentage of female graduate applications from 35 percent to 50 per cent by 2014. \n Answer: Their opportunities are limited and their salary is lower.",
            "output": [
                "What is the worrying situation for female undergraduates?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fb191912a3eb493f977e11e6320eae8b",
            "input": "Article: It's no secret that doing good makes others happy - but did you know it can make you happy as well? According to a study, people participating in meaningful activities were happier and felt that their lives had more purpose than people who only engaged in pleasure-seeking behaviors. Try giving these four things to others to start your journey to a happier and healthier lifestyle. 1. Your Time With a busy life, it can be hard to find any time to give away. However, volunteering your time has great benefits, including making new friends and connections, learning new skills and even advancing your career. According to a paper about the link between health and volunteering, volunteering is connected with lower instances of depression and reduces the risk of dying by 22 percent. 2. Your Attention Most of us think we're good listeners, but according to psychologist Paul Donoghue, most people are aware that others don't listen as well as they could. In addition, they're not fully aware that they themselves aren't listening. When practicing mindfulness meditation , you focus on what you experience in the moment and let your thoughts and emotions pass through without judgment. Did you know that giving someone your undivided attention helps you also? When done well, active listening strengthens your focus-which is a major part of good meditation. 3. Your Compassion The psychological meaning of compassion is the ability to understand another person's emotional state. Compassion differs from empathy  in that those who experience compassion not only put themselves in another person's shoes, but also want to reduce that person's suffering. A brain-imaging study showed that the brain's pleasure centers are equally active when we give money to the poor as when we receive money ourselves. 4. Your Money According to an experiment, those who spend money on other people are significantly happier than those who spend the same quantity of money on themselves. Whether or not you can offer other gifts, donating money helps make real change happen. It represents time spent, compassion and careful attention to the needs of others. \n Answer: Money.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the four gifts matters most according to the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bcc1fc4b86854ec3bd59baf2a2ba3418",
            "input": "Article: I'm seventeen. I had worked as a box boy at a supermarket in Los Angeles. People came to the counter and you put things in their bags for them and carried things to their cars. It was hard work. While working, you wear a plate with your name on it. I once met someone I knew years ago. I remembered his name and said, \"Mr Castle, how are you?\" We talked about this and that. As he left, he said, \"It was nice talking to you, Brett.\" I felt great, he remembered me. Then I looked down at my name plate. Oh, no. He didn't remember me at all, he just read the name plate. I wish I had put \"Irving\" down on my name plate. If he'd have said, \"Oh yes, Irving, how could I forget you?\" I'd have been ready for him. There's nothing personal here. The manager and everyone else who were a step above the box boys often shouted orders. One of these was: you couldn't accept tips. Okay, I'm outside and I put the bags in the car. For a lot of people, the natural reaction is to take a quarter and give it to me. I'd say, \"I'm sorry, I can't.\" They'd get angry. When you give someone a tip, you're sort of being polite. You take a quarter and you put it in their hand and you expect them to say, \"Oh, thanks a lot.\" When you say, \"I'm sorry, I can't.\" They feel a little _ . They say, \"No one will know.\" And they put it in your pocket. You say, \"I really can't.\" It gets to a point where you almost have to hurt a person physically to prevent him from tipping you. It was not in agreement with the store's belief in being friendly. Accepting tips was a friendlything and made the customer feel good. I just couldn't understand the strangeness of some people's ideas. One lady actually put it in my pocket, got in the car, and drove away. I would have had to throw the quarter at her or eaten it or something. I had decided that one year was enough. Some people needed the job to stay alive and fed. I guess I had the means and could afford to hate it and give it up. \n Answer: The Art of Taking Tips",
            "output": [
                "What can be the best title for this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-880f624f4a60441eb9e861c397545079",
            "input": "Article: People were hanging out of their apartment windows screaming down at me,\"Just give up,you fool!  You'll never make it with that little bike.\"I kept telling them repeatedly,\"All I have is this three-wheeled tricycle.\"I kept tipping   to the side,but I kept my balance and ignored the people who were making fun of me.    Then at one point a man left his home and ran out into the middle of the street. \"This bike will take forever at the speed you're going!\" He continued screaming words of discouragement right in my face. I replied,\"I must push forward;I must get to the finish line! \"    I held on as tightly as possible and rode straight ahead with great determination. I had unshakable faith that I would make it! I also knew it did not matter how long it would take,because I knew it was worth it. At that point,the dream came to an abrupt end I got up and remembered the dream very clearly. I also remembered that the night before I was feeling discouraged -- but now I felt happy and peaceful, and my spirit felt alive with hope.      I think we've all been given small tricycles as adults,and we struggle to balance our lives down the dark,narrow streets of mortality  . I now consider the tricycle to be my three wheels of hope. The dream has given me courage and hope that I will finish the race inch by inch. I know I must never give up,but press forward always. \n Answer: She struggled to ride a little bike with three wheels.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage,what dream did the writer have?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c95b98d13c1e4ef0bd25ee9be42ac1cf",
            "input": "Article: United States President George W. Bush is expected to issue a directive in the next few weeks. It will give the US Air Force a green light for the development of space weapons, US media reported last week. This would potentially start a new global arms race, some experts have warned. To keep that from happening, last Wednesday the White House explained that it was not considering putting weapons in space. It said it was making a shift in US space policy to allow for protection of satellites. But some defense analysts and arms control advocates argue that the policy will pave the way for the US to put both defensive and offensive  weapons in space. \"No one should be fooled,\" said Theresa Hitchens, an American weapons expert. The US is now restricted by a 1996 directive  signed by President Bill Clinton. Plans for space weapons were vetoed by the Clinton cabinet. The directive emphasized the peaceful use of space , in agreement with almost unanimous global opinion. The US military has placed importance on space and has sent up numberous satellites for troop communications and to provide intelligence and data to guide bombs to their targets. The US Air Force wants to develop space- based weapons that could strike targets anywhere in the world within 90 minutes of receiving the order to open fire. These new weapons under development cover a wide range. They include hunter- killer satellites and orbiting weapons. And they use lasers, radio waves, or even dense metal tubes, known as \" Rods from God\", dropped from space to do the damage. There are many barriers to the setting up of this kind of program, experts say. First is the coast. It is estimated that the budget may be US $220 billion to US $ 1 trillion . The technical difficulties of developing reliable space weapons are also a problem. And, the program will draw strong criticism from around the world. Experts worry about starting a space arms race. \n Answer: US Military Plans",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8ce31f45eb5c4517ba9d759c1a25e609",
            "input": "Article: September 30, 2014 Greetings shareholders  , GLA Electronics of America Inc. is placed to show a summary of its yearly income report for the year 2014. Thanks to our recently-enlarged international markets, the total earnings reached US$160 million in 2014, with a net profit of US$ 40 million CarPhone Quarterly Sales GLA Electronics sold l.6 million CarPhones the whole year, with half of these being sold during the fourth quarter, which ended September 24, 2014. In addition, the first quarter saw sales of 400,000 _ , with the remaining units sales divided equally between the second and third quarters. CarPhone Sales Have Improved Greatly since 2011. We are excited to announce that we sold more CarPhones in 2014 than in the year of 2011 to 2013 combined. In 2011, only 150,000 units were sold. Thanks to strong advertising afterwards, sales increased by 50% in 2012, and then double in 2013. Distribution of CarPhone Sales by Region Sales onside of North America made up nearly 50% of the total sales volume in 2014. Half of the units sold internationally were in Asian markers, with 300,000 units sold in Europe. The remaining units were sold in South America. A Vision of the Future GLA Electronics will continue to invest  in the growth of our company. In 2015, we expect sales to increase by up to 300% , partly due to the upcoming opening of three large factories in China, Taiwan, and Malaysia. In addition, the demand for CarPhones continues to increase worldwide and shows no sign of slowing down. We are grateful for the success of 2014. Hopefully, the coming year will see continued growth. Sincerely, Brian Fisher CEO GLA Electronics of America Inc. \n Answer: The most successful quarter was the fourth.",
            "output": [
                "Based on the report, which of the following is true about GLA Electronics' earnings in 2014?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1761f02df25c4b8dba320a7815b525c2",
            "input": "Article: Traveling without a map in different countries,I find out about different\"styles\"of directions every time I ask \"How can I get to the post office?\" Foreign tourists are often confused in Japan because most streets there don't have name signs:in Japan,people use landmarks in their directions instead of street names.For example,the Japanese will say to travelers,\"Go straight down to the corner.Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market.The post office is across from the bus stop.\" People in Los Angeles,the US,have no idea of distance on the map:they measure distance by time,not miles.\"How far away is the post office?\"you ask.\"Oh,\" they answer,\"it's about five minutes from here.\" You don't understand completely,\"Yes,but how many miles away is it,please?\"To this question you won't get an answer,because most probably they don't know it themselves. People in Greece sometimes do not even try to give directions because tourists seldom understand the Greek language.Instead,a Greek will often say,\" Follow me.\"Then he'll lead you through the streets of the city to the post office. Sometimes a person doesn't know the answer to your question.What happens in the situation? A New Yorker might say,\"Sorry, I have no idea.\"But in Yucatan,Mexico,no one answers \"I don't know.\" People there believe that \"I don't\" is impolite.They usually give an answer,but often a wrong one.So a tourist can get lost very easily in Yucatan! However,one thing will help you everywhere in the world.It's body language. \n Answer: \"Turn right at the hospital and go past a school.\"",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is probably an example of Japanese directions?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0be291b1d0b1485b96ed2f6c166953df",
            "input": "Article: More than two decades ago, a 10-year-old schoolgirl threw a bottle into the sea off the coast of Hull as she went on a ship on a family holiday, hoping to get a response from a stranger in a faraway land. Inside the bottle was a scrawled letter from Zoe Lemon, a youngster with a love of \"ballet, playing the flute and the piano\", who had just boarded a ship heading for a holiday in Germany. She told her expected recipients of her pet hamster and fish, both called Sparkle, and her parents who were both teachers. Miss Lemon, of Salford, Greater Manchester, soon forgot about her act of fantastic, eventually marrying and having a child herself. But this Christmas she was extremely surprised to receive a reply after 23 years. It turned out to be a reply to her letter from Piet and Jacqueline Lateur from near Rotterdam. Mr Lateur was walking his dog in the Oosterschelde dykes , near where he and his wife live in Serooskerke, when he found the bottle with Zoe's letter inside. Mrs Averianov, 33, who works in a jewellery shop, said: \"It's been a bit crazy really. My parents came to visit on Christmas day and they had this letter from Europe addressed to my , Lemon. Since receiving the letter, Mrs Averianov has been in contact with Mr Lateur via email and asked to see photographs of where the bottle was found. He told her: \"I am keeping your little letter on my piano. I know you are no longer a little girl but you asked me to write you so I have.\" Mrs Averianov's father, John Lemon, 68, had encouraged his daughter to throw the message into the sea on a family holiday and now she is considering doing the same for her five-year-old son Maksim. She said: \"I'll probably wait until he's a bit older and can understand and write a letter, but maybe we'll do it by attaching it to a balloon.\" From , (Jan,2014) \n Answer: In 1990.",
            "output": [
                "When did Zoe Lemon write the letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1ac862bf25e340d6895589b36b1e399f",
            "input": "Article: One day I took several pairs of shoes to the shoemaker to be mended. After a week I went to take them back. Four months later, my husband and I were invited to dinner. I took out a pair of shoes. I hadn't worn them since they were mended. I put one shoe on my right foot, and then I put the other on my left. But I felt that the other one was on the wrong foot. I took both shoes off for a closer look. They were nearly the same style  , color and size, but each was for the right foot. Then I thought of the shoemaker. Though I was sure he wouldn't remember me after such a long time, I called him.  \"Thank goodness you called me at last!\"  He said happily.  \"An angry woman has been troubling me for months!\" \n Answer: Some pairs of shoes.",
            "output": [
                "How many pairs of shoes did the woman take to the shoemaker to be mended?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-962f9e1cd0d145db811742b5dc5d00fe",
            "input": "Article: Many years ago,a French naturalist,the Count de Buffon,wrote some books about natural history.The books were a great success even though some critics did not like them.Some critics said,\"Count Buffon is more of a poet than a scientist.\" Thomas Jefferson did not like what the Count had said about the natural wonders of the New World.It seemed to Jefferson that the Count had spoken of natural wonders in America as if they were unimportant. This troubled Thomas Jefferson.He too was a naturalist,as well as a farmer,inventor,historian,writer and politician.He had seen the natural wonders of Europe.To him,they were no more important than those of the New World. In 1788,Thomas Jefferson wrote about his home state,Virginia.While writing,he thought of its natural beauty and then of the words of the Count de Buffon.At that moment.Jefferson created a new word--belittle.He said.\"The Count de Buffon believes that nature belittles her productions on this side of the Atlantic.\" Noah Webster,the American word expert,liked this word.He put it in this English language dictionary in 1806,\"Belittle--to make small,unimportant.\" Americans had already accepted Jefferson's word and started to use it.In 1797,the Independent Chronicle newspaper used the word to describe a politician the paper supported.\"He is an honorable man,\"the paper wrote,\"so let the opposition try to belittle him as much as they please.\" In 1872,a famous American word expert decided that the time had come to kill this word.He said,\"Belittle has no chance of becoming English.And as more critical writers of America,like those of Britain,feel no need of it,the sooner it is forgotten,the better.\" This expert failed to kill the word.Today.belittle is used where the English language is spoken. \n Answer: The Count belittled the natural wonders in America.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Thomas Jefferson disagree with the Count de Buffon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-227670493a0a4c8bb308639e6ad71052",
            "input": "Article: Many children have a \"bug  period\"--a time of life when bugs are a source of endless fascination and learning. Naturalist Edward O. Wilson jokes that unlike other kids, he never grew out of his bug period.  Luckily for this biologist, his lifelong passion for ants has led to a career rich in accomplishments and praise. He is not just the world's foremost expert on the social behavior of ants, but also the receiver of the National Medal of Science and two Pulitzer Prizes for nonfiction. Now, at the age of 80, Wilson has tried his hand at fiction. His first novel, Anthill, combines two of his greatest loves -- his childhood home, Alabama, and the ants that have been his lifelong friends.  Described as a \"six-legged Iliad,\" Wilson's Anthill draws parallels between human and ant societies. Though there are no ant bands, secret police, or schools of philosophy, both ants and man conduct wars, divide themselves into specialized classes of workers, build cities, maintain infant nurseries and cemeteries, take slaves and practice agriculture, though ant societies are more energetic, selfless, and efficient than human ones. The book's first and third sections deal with the adventures of an Alabama boy, Raphael    Semmes Cody, who goes by the name Raff. The boy grows up knocking around the Nokobee woods; he's drawn to its natural wonders, and uses the forest to escape from his parents' unhappy marriage. In the woods he leaves almost no stone unturned as he discovers the forest's rich flora and fauna . Raff grows up and heads to Harvard to study law, but returns later in life to protect the Nokobee from crazy developers. But fans of Wilson's science will be most interested in the book's middle section, where the author inserts a mini-novel describing the trials and sufferings of the ants living in the endangered forest. Reviews of the book have been mixed. Writing for The New York Review of Books, Margaret Atwood praised Wilson for his first novel, saying that it is highlighted by a diversity of ideas and an imaginative plot. And -- with the exception of some dull preachiness  -- it is entertaining. \n Answer: He has the same hobbies as many children.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from Edward O. Wilson's joke?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e8bfbdc8d2de4821a071a942beaf5913",
            "input": "Article: The massive magnitude  8.8 earthquake that struck the west coast of Chile moved the entire city of Concepcion at least 10 feet to the west, and moved other parts of South America as far apart as the Falkland Islands and Fortaleza, Brazil.  These measurements, produced from data gathered by researchers from four universities and several agencies, paint a much clearer picture of the power behind this earthquake, believed to be the fifth-most-powerful since instruments have been available to measure earthquake. Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina moved about 1 inch to the west. And Chile's capital, Santiago, moved about 11 inches to the west-southwest. The cities of Valparaiso and Mendoza, Argentina, northeast of Concepcion, also moved. The quake's epicenter  was in a region of South America that's part of the so-called \"ring of fire,\" an area of major seismic  stresses which encircles(,) the Pacific Ocean. All along this line, the plates on which the continents move press against each other. Mike Bevis, professor of earth sciences at Ohio State, has led a project since 1993 that has been measuring crustal movement in the Central and Southern Andes. The effort is called the Central and Southern Andes GPS Project, or CAP. Ben Brooks, an associate researcher with the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology at the University of Hawaii, said that the event, offers a unique opportunity to better understand the seismic processes that control earthquakes. \"We now have modern, precise instruments to evaluate this event, and because the site borders a continent, we will be able to get evidences of the changes it caused.\" said Brooks. \n Answer: The earthquake in Chile had been predicted.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11ea09a59cb64349b634579bdf8e94dd",
            "input": "Article: I have a new hero. It is G. M. Hennen. I found him in the old newspapers as I was doing my research for the column A Look Back in History. In 1958, he retired as a newspaper carrier from the Sherman Herald Democrat. He was 77 years old and had delivered four million copies of the Democrat. He had gone through 17 automobiles and had thrown on average 400 newspapers a day, six days a week. He drove 100 miles a day, including the day he collected. Before he was a newspaper carrier, he was also a teacher and a construction worker. He opened the first motor delivery route in the newspaper's history. Driving a Model T Ford, his route consisted of Pottsboro, Gordonville, Sadler and Southmayd. Before he started in delivery, he solicited  subscriptions  riding horseback over the county. Mr Hennen had only one wreck in 30 years. The car spun  out of control and flipped on its top. That didn't stop him. A man with a truck used a tow rope to flip the car back over and tied the doors shut, leaving Mr Hennen to continue on his way. Now _ that _ was _  determination! Mr Hennen told of the time his headlights went out as he was delivering newspapers. He borrowed a kerosene lantern  from a farmer to light the way and continued his route. What a story! I complain when I have to drive to work when it is snowing, and I only have to travel three miles. I could never be that tough. \n Answer: A doctor.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following jobs did Mr Hennen NOT serve as?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-07bfcc57f1464b3eba49ef2f9f26fdc2",
            "input": "Article: Gone are the days when being a celebrity  meant reaching the top of the social ladder. With the Internet, people now no longer need to be actors, sports stars or politicians to be famous. You may still remember the time when Furong Jiejie, or Fengjie, appeared online. All of a sudden they were the talk of the town because of their crazy clothes and abnormal values. But when the word wanghong, or \"Internet celebrity\", was named one of Yaowen Jiaozi magazine's \"popular cyber words\" in 2015, its meaning had changed. Those who are popular in the world of wanghong are largely famous for their heavily Photoshopped selfies  and the special lifestyles they advertise on social media. The same thing is happening overseas as well. There are many women addicted to posting photos. This has led to the rise of \"Instagram Husbands\", men who are willing-or most likely forced-to take photos of their wives or girlfriends for their Instagram accounts. But what wanghong offer their fans is much more than many pretty pictures. \"There is a longing for the effortless of life,\" commented China Youth Daily. Though their lifestyle may seem \"effortless\", some wanghong take great pains to run their Taobao stores, communicate with their fans and think of ways to keep their viewership , for example. Zhang Dayi, a famous wanghong with over 4 million followers on Sina Weibo, revealed some of her secrets for attracting fans. \"Usually people look up to celebrities at a 45-degree angle. But I reduced that angle to 15 degrees, because no one likes to strain their necks too much,\" she said. Her social media strategies include being very kind to fans. \"As soon as you let down your guard, people will start to approach,\" she said. \n Answer: Negative",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's attitude toward Furong Jiejie?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-313194c864f140bea51740b29eb9eacd",
            "input": "Article: Urban legends are stories that are told and believed in many places.Too many places,in fact.It simply isn't credible that the same unlikely events take place in so many different towns.For some reason,though,that particular set of events appeals to the imagination and the tale spreads. A very common North American urban legend concerns a mad man in the woods.A dangerous mad man has escaped from a hospital for the mentally ill.At some point in his life he has lost a hand and it has been replaced by a hook.A boy and a girl are out dating,sitting in a car.They hear on the radio that the area is dangerous,so they drive off.When they arrive home they find a bloodstained hook hanging on the door handle of the car door next to the girl. Missing kidney stories are fairly common.Of course,the details are variable.It might be a woman waking up in a strange hotel in Bangkok,or a man finding himself in a cold bath in Toronto.or a young man with faint memories of wild disco party,but they all find a flesh wound,and discover that one of their kidneys has been removed and,probably, sold. The back seat killer has plenty of drama.A woman gets into her Car late at night.Another Car follows her, speeding,flashing lights and really frightening her.She gets home and keeps on pressing the horn.Her husband runs out.The chasing car stops.The husband demands to know why the driver has been frightening his wife.He says he saw a strange man get into the back of the car as the wife got in,and then hide.They go and look,and there is a dangerous mad man... \n Answer: Doubtful.",
            "output": [
                "What is the writer's attitude towards \"urban legends\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-21363c5be81c4fb6969e880427ae8618",
            "input": "Article: International travel is no longer the only right of the rich. Over the next several decades, hundreds of millions of millions of new entrants to the middle class will want not only the things but also the experiences --that money can buy. Indian call-center employers, Russian engineers, Chinese middle managers, and Brazilian salespeople are already searching the web for information on trips. They want to see Paris from the Eiffel Tower, relax in the Maldives, and play blackjack in Las Vegas. According to the United NATIONS World Tourism Organization, international tourist visits are expected to double soon, from roughly 800 million in 2008 to 1.6 billion by 2020. However, only so many people can visit a particular building or beach in a given year. Where will all the other tourists go? This skyrocketing demand for travel will lead to a \" _ of place\" and to three market problems. First, most tourism-related prices, such as hotel room rates in popular cities, wil continue to rise as demand becomes larger than supply. Second, people's waiting to visit certain places will become commoplace. Finally, surprising prices and decade-long waiting lists will cause the creation and expansion of tourist attractions in both developed and developing countries. \n Answer: The wasy to search the web for travel information.",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly talked about in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-71b2143fa0a1456a940c3b831fc40625",
            "input": "Article: The name sounds funny but the idea is no joke: it's a personal toilet called the pee-pool, Anders Wilhelmson, a Swedish architect, is the inventor of the pee-pool. He became interested in the idea of sanitation  after taking part in a research project on the social and political development of cities, One of the most common problems he found in developing countries was the lack of toilets, He wanted to do something to help, So working with others, he started the project in 2005, and the next year started a company called Peepoolple. The toilet is a single--use bag made of environmentally friendly plastics, The inside is treated with urea  , a chemical commonly used as fertilizer, The hotter the weather, the more quickly the waste turns into what is needed by plants The sanitation process can be as soon as a couple of hours or as long as two to four weeks ,You can just bury it in a pot and grow whatever you like. The company expects to start selling the bags in August in Kenya and Bangladesh, But it is just beginning production and sales in Nairobi now, Full production could reach about half a million bags a day and people may be able to buy the pee-pool in countries Vietnam, Bangladesh, etc. The United Nations says more than two and a half billion people around the world do not have good sanitation .Many have no choice but to use the outdoors, which is not only bad for the environment ,but also harmful to people's health, Each year, poor sanitation leads to three fifths of those people getting an infectious disease which on average causes one out of 1,000 patients to die. Jack Smith, the founder of the World Toilet Organization, says \" _ is quite an unacceptable situation given the fact that we are living in the modem world, And strangely, many of them own televisions, phones but have no toilet.\" \n Answer: To help solve the problem of lack of toilets in developing countries",
            "output": [
                "What was the original purpose of Anders Wilhelmson in starting the company?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-565b2790ee2642e7bf38db4f88e0c565",
            "input": "Article: Four Simple Keys to Transform Your Life The Power of Choice.Every one of us makes countless choices every day.Every choice we make has an impact on our lives.Even insignificant choices can affect what we experience and how we feel.When hunger strikes, we can reach for a healthy, nutritious snack, or we can choose the sugar high of junk food.The more important the decision, the greater its effect.For instance, how do I act towards that person who treated me badly? Do I generally choose to be passive, or do I actively set clear intentions and create what I want in my life? Every choice we make, however big or small, affects us in some way. How Do You Make Choices? If you are interested in living a richer, fuller life, there is a foundation upon which you can base all of your decisions which can make life better not only for you, but also for those around you.This foundation is to choose based on what's best for all.Imagine a world where every parent, spouse , friend, teacher, business person, and politician truly did their best to choose what's best for all involved in every decision they made. We would certainly live in a more caring, supportive world. It's the Intention.\"But how do I know what is really best?\" you might ask.The answer is simple.It doesn't matter.What matters is not the choice you make, but rather the intention beind your choice.What matters is that whatever decision you make, you are clear in your intention of choosing based on what's best for all.If it later turns out that you made what appears to have been a bad choice, there's no need for guilt.Knowing that you did your best to choose with a sincere desire for what's best for all, your conscience stays clear and open.This then allows you to more easily learn from your mistakes, and to live with a clear heart and mind. What's Best for Me, Too! Choosing what's best does not mean you have to always sacrifice yourself for others.An overly  exhausted mother can lose her temper easily.Some time off for this mother might seem selfish, yet in the long run, it can help her to be a better mother to her children.So as we move through each day of our lives, let us remember to include ourselves as we do our best to choose what's best for all. \n Answer: Whenever hunger strikes, we will reach for a junk snack",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is FALSE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2616b43ff22f4931baabad27034dc5e1",
            "input": "Article: Here is some information about several famous local bakeries  in Indiana, the US. They serve as a social gathering place for locals. Maple Lane Bakery At 8260 S. State Rd. Claypool, IN. (574) 566-2917, it offers a variety of cooked pies, cookies, and bread. With 20 years' experience Maple Lane Bakery has specialized in the making of pies. The menu includes peach pie $7.19, berry pie $ 7.70, apple pie $7.19 and banana pie $6.99. Feel free to place an order at least 24 hours in advance. Betty's cakes & Candy Shop At 816 E. Winona Avenue Warsaw, IN. (574) 269-1231, it specializes in cakes and offers cookies and candies. The chocolate cookies are sold at $ 8.99 a dozen. Betty's cakes & Candy Shop, started half a century ago, specializes in wedding cakes and birthday cakes. Buying a cake from Betty's will not disappoint you as they are always excellent. Crepes' Quality Bakery At 217S. Cavin Street Ligonier, IN.(260) 894-3024, this third generation bakery is located downtown Ligonier. It offers cookies and cupcakes, and specializes in rolls and bread. If you plan to buy cookies for the office or work area, you had better get there early as the building workers arrive just before 5:00 am waiting for the doors to open. Olympia Candy Kitchen At 136N. Main Street Goshen, IN. (574) 533-5040, it has been welcoming visitors for almost a century in its unchanged location in downtown Goshen, Indiana. Its tradition began in 1912 when Greek Nicholas began making his own chocolates. Today this family-owned operation offers all kinds of candies and boxed candies. If you need an order, you should call ahead of time to see if they can meet your request. \n Answer: Berry pie.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following pies is the most expensive?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8dd62be9d034443aa417688ace59aa03",
            "input": "Article: Western artist R.V. (Ron) Jahns creates his unique western wildlife paintings by tapping  into   his vast experience of true life. He had rich western experiences out in the mountains in the great Northwest. Ron paints from the heart and his experience as a cowboy in the west. He has a particular passion   for the mountains from Eastern Oregon to Alaska and draws from his many years of mountain adventures as inspiration for his western paintings. Born and raised on a farm, this cowboy artist is well knowledgeable with the subjects of his Western art. Ron struggles for historical accuracy in his western cowboy paintings when an artist gives a false description of the facts about cowboys in the west! Living in Alaska for 17 years added a new factor to Ron's western art. As a hunter and fisherman he observed the wildlife in its natural setting and has conveyed this spirit to his canvas. Ron's western art can be viewed throughout the United States, in Europe and through occasional private showings. You can find western wildlife paintings by Ron at various art shows throughout the year. For a list of art shows the Cowboy Artist will be attending, visit his Art Show page. Although a self-taught western artist, Ron himself has taught painting in colleges and through private lessons. Ron is quite a storyteller and the last of an old kind of cowboy poets and western storytellers. If you've met Ron at the Flea Markets in Sumpter, Oregon then you no doubt have already had a taste of his knack   for telling tall tales and sharing his original cowboy poems of true life on the ranch. \n Answer: A cowboy artist",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e30cf09422034c4791a520d0aff834ad",
            "input": "Article: By installing  the software, you acknowledge that you have read all of the terms and conditions of this agreement and agree to be bound by them. Click \"YES\" and continue to install the game. If you do not agree to the terms of this agreement, click \"NO\" and directly return to the entire package to the place of purchase for a full refund . LIMITED LICENSE: You may use this software for your own use, but may not sell or reproduce the software in any way. You may use one copy of the software on a single computer. You may not network the software or use it on more than one computer at the same time.  OWNERSHIP; COPYRIGHT: Title to the software, patents, copyrights, and all other property rights shall at all times remain entirely with Great Games. Software is protected by law and by international treaty. You may not cause or permit the software to be disclosed, copied, modified, adapted, or otherwise reduced to human readable form.  LIMITED WARRANTY : Great Games warrants for a period of ninety days from the purchase of this copy of the game that the software is free from errors or defects  that will seriously interfere  with the operation of the software as described in the Documentation.  If you believe you have found any such error or defect in the software during the warranty period and are in the United States, call Great Games' helpline at 800-383-2647 between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. midnight, Monday through Friday, holidays excluded, and provide your Product Number; or if you are outside the United States, send your original software disc to Great Games at 3281 N. Risk St., Ocala, FL, 32410. Include your return address and Great Games will replace the disc within a reasonable period of time. \n Answer: The contents of the agreement.",
            "output": [
                "What must the users make clear before installing the software?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-88758a53d786475b9fe5fd79d06c8a05",
            "input": "Article: It's just a small, white envelope stuck among the branches of our Christmas tree. No name, no address. It has peeked through the branches of our tree for the past 10 years. It all began because my husband Mike hated Christmas. He didn't hate the true meaning of Christmas, but the commercial aspects of it; overspending, running around at the last minute to get a tie for Uncle Harry and powder for Grandma... Knowing he felt this way, I decided one year to bypass the usual shirts, sweaters, ties and so forth. I reached for something special for Mike. The inspiration came in an unusual way. Our son Kevin, at 12 that year, was wrestling at the junior level at the school he attended and before Christmas, there was a non-league match against a team sponsored by an inner-city church, mostly black. As the match began, I was alarmed to see that the other team was wrestling without headgear to protect a wrestler's ears. They obviously could not afford. Mike shook his head sadly, \"I wish just one of them could have won,\" he said. \"They have a lot of potential, but losing like this could _ .\" Mike loved kids--all kids--and he knew them, having coached little league football, baseball and lacrosse. That's when the idea for his present came. That afternoon, I went to a local sporting goods store and bought an assortment of wrestling headgear and shoes and sent them anonymously to the inner-city church. On Christmas Eve, I placed the envelope on the tree, the note inside telling Mike what I had done and that this was his gift from me. His smile was the brightest thing about Christmas that year. For each Christmas, I followed the tradition. The envelope became the highlight of our Christmas. It was always the last thing opened on Christmas morning and our children, ignoring their new toys, would stand with wide-eyed anticipation as their dad lifted the envelope from the tree to reveal its contents. The tradition has grown and someday will expand even further with our grandchildren standing around the tree with wide-eyed anticipation watching as their fathers take down the envelope. Mike's spirit, like the Christmas spirit, will always be with us. \n Answer: The Good Old Tradition",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1c2f8c6c74cf4541b902eee2fad8ae9c",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever thought about what determines the way we are when we grow up? Remember the TV programSeven Up? It started following the lives of a group of children in 1973. We first meet them as wide-eyed seven-year-olds and catch up with them at seven-year intervals: nervous 14-year-olds, serious 21-year-olds and then grown-ups. Some of the stories are inspiring, others sad, but what is interesting in almost all the cases is the way in which the children's early hopes and dreams are shown in their future lives. For example, at seven, Tony is a lively child who says he wants to become a sportsman or a taxi driver. When he grows up, he goes on to do both. How about Niki? She says, \"I would like to find out about the moon.\" And she goes on to become a space scientist. As a child, soft-spoken Bruce says he wants to help \"poor children\" and ends up teaching in India. But if the lives of all the children had followed this pattern, the program would be far less interesting than it actually was. It was the children whose childhood did not prepare them for what was to come that made the program so interesting. Where did their ideas come from about what they wanted to do when they grew up? Are children _ by what their parents do, by what they see on television or by what their teachers say? How great is the effect of a single important event? Many film directors, including Steven Spielberg, say that an early visit to the cinema was the turning point in their lives. Dr. Margaret McAllister, who has done a lot of research in this area, thinks that the major factors are parents, friends and their wider society. \n Answer: The influence of childhood experience on future lives.",
            "output": [
                "What does the text mainly discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9f3b98abb5ae40999e52a501f31ff4fd",
            "input": "Article: Everyone needs safe drinking water, but about 1.1 billion people have no access to clean water. Most of the world's water is salty ocean water or frozen polar ice. By 2050, the world's population could grow from 6.7 billion to more than 9 billion. All of those people will need water to drink. But the bad news is that some areas of the world are growing drier because of climate change. The total area of the Earth's surface classified  as very dry has doubled since the 1970s. Sadly, the precious resource is still misused in industry, in farming and at homes.  Therefore, the world is facing a crisis over water. \"You do the math, and it gets a little scary,\" says Stuart Minchin, a water expert in Australia. \"We're waking up,\" he says. \"But not fast enough.\"  In southern Australia, farmers have been hit hard. They can't irrigate  their fields well enough. The Australian government has launched a $1.3 billion project to improve Australia's irrigation system to stop the crop production dropping further.  Australians have serious water worries, but it could be worse. They don't have to fear that when they turn on the tap, nothing will come out. That's the case in India. Many people in New Delhi, the capital, go without clean water for days.  City leaders have taken stricter measures to save water. Users pay a very high but affordable price for it. Homeowners who waste water are given large fines. There are 1.9 million people who live in Las Vegas, Nevada. Now it has grown by more than 300,000 people since 2002. But it uses less water today than it did seven years ago. \n Answer: Water's becoming salty.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT a reason for a water crisis?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-68c8c8d4256c4fd18cb247ce521cdd3d",
            "input": "Article: Tests can be stressful even for the most prepared students,and,unfortunately,test anxiety can actually have a negative impact on your performance.(Just having that knowledge adds to the stress,doesn't it?)Well,the following tips can help you get through your next test with much greater ease--and likely more success! Get Enough Sleep Getting 6 hours of less can put you into what's called a sleep deficit,or lack of sufficient sleep,which can actually make you less sharp mentally and thus negatively affect your performance on tests,even if you spent those missed hours of sleep studying.So it's very important for you to get all of your studying done so you can get a good night of sleep before your big day. Study Smarter Being organized with your studies can help you keep from pulling all-nighters to get all of your studying in and blowing the test because you're exhausted.How do you study 'smarter'? Make a list of the most important things you need to learn,in order of importance,and hit the items at the top of the list first.That way,if you run out of time,you're mostly covered.Make a list of all the work you have to do,estimate how much time each item will take,and compare that with the amount of hours you have available;this will tell you if you can carefully read or just skim,how many times you can afford to revise papers,and other ways to pace yourself so you can get everything done.If you're pressed for time,it's important to learn to let go of being perfect.Oh,and turn off the TV as much as possible until your tests are behind you. Visualize Success Before you fall asleep each night,it is a great way to visualize yourself taking the tests and doing wonderfully.Detailed visualizations can help you feel like you're really experiencing something,and visualizing yourself doing well is a way to 'practice' success in a way that can actually help you perform better and feel confident.Being confident as you take your exams can keep you from choking because of the stress.Visualizations can also help you to remember facts: you can create detailed scenarios that involve the information you're trying to remember,and this can help cement the facts in your memory. Stay Calm Because stress can impair your memory,it's important to stay calm before and during tests.While that's easier said than done,there are several stress relief techniques that can help you calm down quickly whenever you feel overwhelmed.For example,breathing exercise has been shown by research to reduce test anxiety,and can be extremely effective in helping you relax and reverse your stress response in a variety of situations: just take deep breaths,expanding your belly on the inhale,and let the stress come out with your exhales. \n Answer: Less than 6 hours of sleep will lead to your failure in tests.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage,which of the following about sleep is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-542abfdfa0ca42bca3a5903071662fdf",
            "input": "Article: Most of the time, people wear hats to protect themselves from _ weather conditions. Hats are also worn to show politeness and as signs of social position. But nowadays, hats, especially women's hats, are much more than that. More exactly, hats have changed into fashion and style symbols by many movie stars. What's more, people now consider many different features  when choosing even a simple hat. Many designers point out that, when choosing the right hat, it's important to consider the color of your skin as well as your hair, your height, and the shape of your face. First of all, the color of the hat should match the color of your skin and hair. For instance, black hats should be avoided if you are dark skinned. If a purple hat is placed on top of red hair, one will look as attractive as a summer flower. Second, the height of the hat is also an important point. Tall women should not go for hats with tall crowns, just as short women should choose hats with upturned brims to give the look of height. Third, and most importantly, the shape of the face decides the kind of hat one should pick. A small, gentle hat that fits the head looks good on a small face. However, women with big, round faces should choose a different style. As the saying goes, \"Fine feathers make fine birds.\" A good hat can not only help your dress but also support your features, so why not choose the best possible one next time you want to be in public? \n Answer: A short red-haired woman who wears a purple hat.",
            "output": [
                "According to the article, which of the following women would look most attractive?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3c29fde6687a4da8b4f5946e5f5b878d",
            "input": "Article: In March 1987, I started a new magazine called Creating Excellence. It was a very proud moment for me. I'd worked hard for over a year to create it, and the premiere issue   was a real success. Shortly after we mailed 25,000 copies, I received one in the mail. But this one wasn't as beautiful as the ones we'd sent out. It was marked in red ink correcting the grammatical errors   in it. A talented editor had read the issue carefully and found more errors than I could have imagined. I felt _ A magazine called Creating Excellence should be perfect in its content  . The stories were good, but the errors this woman had found showed that we were far from being excellent. At first, I was upset with my editor for not having caught more mistakes, and also upset with the woman who seemed to have taken pleasure in pointing them out. Later, I was upset with myself for not having employed a better editor. Then I realized that I had to face up to my mistakes. I called the woman who had shown me that we were not so excellent. I thanked her for taking the time to read our magazine so carefully. As painful as it was, I accepted responsibility for it. Then I offered her the job of editing our publication. The result was a great improvement in it; we could now be very proud of our magazine. From this I learnt that an upsetting moment could be an opportunity to see the truth, and accepting responsibility could help to prevent one making the same mistakes for a second time, and to make \"excellence\" a reality. \n Answer: She ended up joining the magazine.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about the woman who had found the errors in the magazine?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-60f2d2e056ce44bba28f641b74862801",
            "input": "Article: A good teacher is many things to many people. In my own experience, the people I respect the most and think about the most are the teachers who demanded   the most discipline   from their students. I miss one teacher in particular that I had in high school. I think she was a good teacher because she was a very strict person. I remember very vividly   a sign over her classroom door. It was a simple sign that said, \"Laboratory--in this room the first five letters of the word was emphasized  , not the last seven.\" In other words, I guess, labor for her was more important than oratory, which means making speeches. She prepared her work very carefully and demanded us to do the same. We got lots of homework from her. Once she had broken her arm, and everybody in the class thought that maybe the homework load would be reduced, but it continued just the same. She checked our work by stamping her name at the bottom of the papers to show that she had read them. I think sometimes teachers who demand the most are liked the least. But as time goes by, this discipline really seems to benefit   the students. \n Answer: A hard-working teacher.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is considered a good teacher by the writer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f153764c3d29445ca54f0ebaa83d3c5a",
            "input": "Article: Imagine living in a city made of glass. No, this isn't a fairy tale. If you could grab your diving gear and swim down 650 feet into the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Washington State, you would witness the secret world of glass reefs. The reef you'd be looking at is made up of glass sponges . But how can animals be made of glass? Well, glass is formed from a substance called silica. The sponges use the silica found in ocean waters to build glass structures that will give them shape and support. Be careful! Some of the fragile creatures are up to 200 years old. When sponges die, new ones grow on top of the pile of old ones. Over centuries, a massive and complex reef takes shape. Some sponges look like wrinkled trumpets, while others look like overgrown cauliflower or mushrooms. Dr. Paul Johnson, who discovered the Washington reef in 2007, also found other surprises such as bubbles of methane  gas flowing out of the seafloor nearby. The methane feeds bacteria, and the bacteria feed the glass sponges. \"It's a new ecosystem we know nothing about,\" said Dr. Johnson. The reef of yellow and orange glass sponges is crowded with crabs, shrimp, starfish, worms, snails, and rockfish. The glass reef is also a nursery for the babies of many of these creatures and was called a \"kindergarten\" by scientists. Many animals that live in the reef hang around for a long time, just like the sponges. Rockfish, for example, live for more than 100 years. Scientists are just beginning to study all the species that call the reef home. The Washington coast isn't the only place where a living glass reef has been found. The first was discovered in Hecate Strait off the coast of British Columbia in 1991. Scientists all over the world were to see it. \n Answer: Creatures under the sea",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-84d04f939e5148f8967e8a06221a683b",
            "input": "Article: According to a recent study performed by the Office of Applied Science, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, every day about 3,900 children and teens under the age of 18 try their first cigarette . Among the teens who continue to smoke into their adult years, about one out of three will die as a result of the habit. Because of the nicotine content in tobacco products, smoking not only becomes a habit for teens, but an addiction . The nicotine in the tobacco is addictive. Once a teen develops the habit of smoking, it is difficult for them to quit without help. The American Lung Association reports smokers who start early in life find it more difficult to quit because of the addiction.  Teens that smoke often do as a way of dealing with social situations or as a result of pressure from people of their age. The results of a Duke University study show teens with brothers and sisters who smoke are more likely to engage in smoking and other risky actions. The components  of tobacco products have documented  effects on behavior. Nicotine is known to increase fights in teens and adults. The center for Young Women's Health at the Children's Hospital of Boston states that tobacco products contain about 4,000 chemicals, some of which are poisonous. Breathing these poisons into the lungs quickly affects a teen's entire body. Outward changes include dry, wrinkled skin, yellow teeth and nails, and bad breath. Teen smokers are three times more likely to have bad teeth than non-smokers of their age, the Center further reports. External  effects are often present soon after smoking becomes a habit. \n Answer: The nicotine in cigarettes.",
            "output": [
                "What makes people addicted to smoking according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e4089896fdc046a0b48f06348d8783bc",
            "input": "Article: Japanese workers who run secretly out of the office and spend their afternoons hanging around coffee shops may soon be caught out by their bosses. A new cellphonebased tracking device from Hitachi can show, on an employer's computer screen, not only the whereabouts of their workers but also whether they are standing, walking, running--or have fallen over. The system, called Partout, was originally developed as a monitoring device for the families of people with dementia, who may wander off and need to be located. \"It's estimated that the number of elderly people with symptoms of dementia will reach 1.5 million in Japan next year,\" says Hitachi's Keisaku Shibatani. But the high cost of the system--early prices are around PS27,000--has put it out of reach of most families. Indeed, companies with large sales forces and police departments who want to track officers on dangerous patrol duties are interested in the system. Partout uses a multifunction location sensing unit that tracks users through global positioning satellites. The user's body motion is determined by an accelerometer inside the sensing unit: no movement means the subject has stopped, slow movement means they are walking, fast movement means they are running, and strong and unexpectedly sudden movement means the user may have fallen. The date is relayed through the user's cell phone to computer, which displays their position on a map. Graphics record the motion or position of the subject's body. \n Answer: A new model of cell phone.",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly talked about in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dbd3cf37b3024ab0b8d4605a0da225a4",
            "input": "Article: Dubai boasts  that it has just built a \"new global landmark\"---the Dubai Tower, which stands 512.1 meters high now and has just become the tallest building in the world. The Dubai Tower now _ Taiwan's Taipei 101, which is 508 meters tall, and has 141 storeys, more than any other building in the world. The Dubai Tower, being built by South Korea's Samsung Corporation and scheduled for completion next year, is one of a series of great projects taking shape in Dubai. The final projected height of the tower has remained a secret since the project was launched in January 2004; however, it is rumored that the tower will be more than 700 meters tall and have more than 160 storeys. The Dubai Tower has become the tallest building in the world in just 1,276 days, leaving behind other tall buildings. The Dubai Tower will house 30,000 apartments in addition to the world's largest shopping mall. It is the centerpiece  of the 20-billion-dollar venture. Another venture gradually emerging across the desert sands is Dubailand, a series of multi-billion-dollar projects claimed to be the Middle East's very own Orlando. Dubai also paid 100 million dollars to buy the Queen Elizabeth II, one of the world's superb cruise liners , which it plans to turn into a luxury floating hotel. Faced with decreasing oil wealth, the Western-oriented emirate  has raced to turn itself into a business and leisure hub and it aims to more than double the number of tourists to 15 million by 2015. \n Answer: The Twin Towers",
            "output": [
                "Which building was the tallest in the world before the Dubai Tower began to be built?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e5296bca8ef14fcbb7477908fa467a8b",
            "input": "Article: When I was nine years old I lived in a small town. I found an ad for selling greeting cards in the back of a children's magazine. I thought to myself I could do this. I begged my mother to let me send for the kit  . Two weeks later the kit arrived. The next three hours later, I returned home with no card and a pocket full of money shouting, \"Mama, all the people couldn't wait to buy my cards!\" A salesperson was born. When I was twelve years old, my father took me to see Zig Ziegler. I remember sitting in the dark hall listening to Mr. Ziegler raise everyone's spirits up to ceiling. I left there feeling like I could do anything. When we got to the car, I turned to my father and said, \"Dad, I want to make people feel like that.\" My father asked me what I meant. \"I want to be a motivational speaker just like Mr. Ziegler,\" I replied. A dream was born. Recently, I began pursuing my dream of motivating(inspire) others. I realized that everything I had accomplished -- the graduate degree, the successful sales career, speaking appointments, training and managing for a major fortune 100 company as a senior manager-- had prepared me for this moment. I told my boss who was a great leader I would leave the company though I might not reach such a height in career. He told me to proceed and he believed I would succeed. Having made that decision, I was immediately tested. One week after I gave notice, my husband was laid off from his job. We had recently bought a new home and needed both incomes to make the monthly mortgage   payment and now we were done to no income. I even planned to turn back to my former company, knowing they wanted me to stay but I was certain that if I went back, I would never leave. I decided I still wanted to move forward rather than end up with a mouth full of \"if onlys\" later on. A motivational speaker was born. When I held fast to my dream, even during the tough times, the miracles really began to happen. In a short time period my husband found a better job. We didn't miss a mortgage payment. And I was able to book several speaking appointments with new clients  . I discovered the incredible power of dreams. I loved my old job, my workmates and the company I left, but it was time to get on with my dream. To celebrate my success I had a local artist paint my new office as a garden. At the top of one wall she marked, \"The world always makes way for the dreamer.\" \n Answer: Selling greeting cards.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the kit sent for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-490566e9f1b5450eb645f4b2fd9a3bae",
            "input": "Article: It was evening rush hour on Pacific Coast Highway in Redondo Beach, CA. Drivers lined up from traffic signal to traffic signal and were anxious to get home. On a side street merging   into this highway was a timid driver who was afraid to edge in and no one let her in. Some of the drivers backed up behind her and loudly blasted their horns. This made her more upset and nervous.  On the right of this side street, the signal on Pacific Coast Highway turned red and traffic stopped. A driver who saw what was happening to this woman stopped a few car lengths behind her car and motioned to her to pull in front of his car. She quickly did and as he waited, two more cars dashed in behind her car.  While the woman he'd helped waited for the signal to turn green, she sank into her driver's seat and was deeply relieved. Although this thoughtful man couldn't see it, her body language expressed her gratitude. If you've been in a traffic situation like the one she was in, you know how upsetting it can be. But this little act of kindness allowed her to safely reach her home. She told others about this, which encouraged them to do something nice for someone else.  This kindness spreads. Someone does something nice for you and in turn you're likely to do something nice for that person or for someone else.  A simple act of kindness could have a widespread effect. It's like a stone that drops in a pond and causes ripples in each direction. No one knows how far those ripples will travel but they will affect everything they touch along the way. \n Answer: He stopped a few cars from dashing in behind her car.",
            "output": [
                "How did the thoughtful man help the lady driver to edge in the traffic flow?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cfad9283d4b5465d9cc92c6e7187f794",
            "input": "Article: Vancouver is located in the southwest corner of Canada in the province of British Columbia. Vancouver is the largest city in the province and the third largest in Canada. It covers an area of 113 sq km. It is surrounded by water on three sides and overlooked by the Coast Range. Its climate is one of the mildest in Canada. Temperatures average 3degC in January and 18degC in July. Vancouver's most rainfall occurs in winter.               Archaeological evidence shows that coastal Indians had settled the Vancouver area by 500 BC. British naval   captain George Vancouver explored the area in 1792. Vancouver was founded as a sawmill settlement called Granville in the 1870s. The city was united in 1886 and renamed after Captain Vancouver.               As the main western terminus of Canada's transcontinental highway and rail routes, Vancouver is the primary city of western Canada, as well as one of the nation's largest industrial centers.               The Port of Vancouver is Canada's largest and most various port, trading more than $43 billion in goods with more than 90 trading economies annually. Port activities generate 69,200 jobs in total with $4 billion in gross domestic product (GDP) and $8.9 billion in economic output.                Vancouver is a major tourist place. In addition to the city's scenic location, visitors enjoy beautiful gardens and world-famous Stanley Park, one of more than 180 city parks, and a combination of natural forest and parklands near the city centre. \n Answer: Vancouver is a city located on water.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following description about Vancouver is NOT true, according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f404ae8f85944df989ee3a066b4aaf46",
            "input": "Article: Where should an adventurous tourist go? After you've done sightseeing in London, shopping in New York tasted the local food in Paris, and danced to your heart's content at the Brazilian carnival, where else can you go? What exotic  tourist destination awaits you? Well, Antarctica sounds like the holiday of a lifetime! It's considered the last great wildemess on Earth. Just a few scientists in research stations share the icy landscape with penguins and other animals which can cope with the low temperatures. Tourism began in Antarctica in the 1950s and it's still small scale. About 37,000 tourists are expected there this season, but many won't even leave the boat. The BBC's Juliet Rix visited the frozen continent and asked herself if she should be there at all, causing potential problems to such a sensitive environment. Her tour guide admitted that all visitors leave a footprint and they all go to the same places, the accessible coastline, which is also where the penguins and seals go to breed. But some people believe that if carefully controlled, tourism can be good for Antarctica. It has no native population and it needs advocates. 'Visitors to the icy continent might be ready to support and even to fund its preservation. And they're likely to engage in the discussion about global warming, which has led to the melting of glaciers. According to Rix, guidelines are followed when you're about to set foot in Antarctica and tourists have to disinfect their boots to make sure no alien species are introduced. And once on land, there's no eating or smoking. Rocks, bone fragments - nothing should be taken as a souvenir and nothing should be left behind. Tourists fortunate enough to visit the Antarctica must be aware that this is not their home and keep their fingers crossed that future generations will also be able to enjoy such breathtaking views. \n Answer: Tourists can enjoy the beautiful scenery in Antarctica.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true according to Rix?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5d84a7dba2e74c6e86d3a4f8dfc3af2c",
            "input": "Article: Kiss crisis, hug horrors and the UK's handshake headaches Greeting someone, saying goodbye - these situations fill me with unease. You have a second to make a dangerous decision. One peck  ? Two pecks? Three? No kisses at all? Why, I think, as I crash into the other person's face, why can't it be as simple as a handshake? A survey by the soap company Radox in May showed one in five Brits now feels a handshake is \"too formal\", according to the Daily Mail. Some 42 percent said they never shook hands when greeting friends. For one third of people the alternative was a hug, for 16 percent a kiss on the cheek. British people are known to be reserved   - unfriendly, some would say. Handshakes used to work for us because we didn't have to get too close. But the super-British handshake is no longer fashionable. We want to be more like our easygoing Mediterranean neighbors who greet each other with kisses and hugs. The trouble is, we still find it a bit awkward. What does a married man do when greeting a married female friend, for example? How should someone younger greet someone older? Guys don't tend to kiss one another; my male friends in Britain go for the \"manly hug\", taking each other stiffly   in one arm and giving a few thumps on the back with words like \"Take it easy, yeah?\". The biggest questions, if you do decide to kiss, are how many times and which cheek first. Unlike the French, who comfortably deliver three, our cheek-pecks usually end in embarrassed giggling  : \"Oh, gosh, sorry, I didn't mean to kiss you on the lips, I never know where to aim for first!\" But then it's never been easy for us poor, uncomfortable Brits. Even the handshake had its problems: don't shake too hard, but don't hold the other person's hand too limply   either, and definitely don't go in with sweaty hands. Maybe it's better to leave it at a smile and a nod. \n Answer: New trends and problems that Brits have with the way they greet people.",
            "output": [
                "What is the article mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0bfea3e14eda444ea75403c5093f1521",
            "input": "Article: In the United States, 30 percent of the adult population has a \"weight problem.\". To many people, the cause is clear: We eat too much. But scientific evidence does little to support this idea. Going back to the America of 1910, we find that people were slimmer than today, yet they ate more food. In those days people worked harder physically, walked more, used machines much less, and didn't watch television. Several modern studies, moreover, have shown that fatter people don't eat more on average than thinner people. In fact, some investigations (researches), such as a 1970 study of 3,545 London office workers, report that, on balance, fat people eat less than slimmer people. Studies show that slim people are more active than fat people. A study by a research group at Stanford University School of Medicine found the following interesting facts. The more the men ran, the greater loss of body fat. The more they ran, the greater their increase in food intake .  Thus those who ran the most ate the most, yet lost greatest amount of body fat. \n Answer: They lose too much body fat.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of physical problem do many adult Americans have?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5023bd1333404982ad6422a94cff6b3c",
            "input": "Article: Have you taken inventory of the stress in your life? Stress can come from work. It can come from family. It can come from the places we live and the lifestyles we choose. In a recent survey, 60 percent of respondents said the city in which they live is noisier now than five years ago. The other 40 percent? They didn't hear the question. How much stress do you feel? Though not all stress should be avoided, too much pressure can cause lasting harm in practically every area of your life. The solution is to take control. Robert Reich did just that. As Secretary of Labor in the Clinton cabinet ,Robert B. Reich, told of his decision to resign from the stressful job. He said,\"I have the best job I've ever had and probably ever will. No topping it.\"It was true. He seemed to love his job. But he added, \"I also have the best family I'll ever have, and I can't get enough of them.\"And there was the problem --too much of a good thing. He could not give himself to his family and to this particular career at the same time. So Reich said,\"I had to choose, I told the boss I'll be leaving, and explained why.\" His boss, of course, was the president of the United States. And the country took notice. Some people were surprised. Here was a high government official who made a decision to step out of an important and powerful position in order to spend more time at home. He took control. That is the first step to free ourselves from unnecessary stress: take control. Make the hard decision. It may be a decision for less money, a smaller home, a new location, a different job, less prestige ,or a simpler lifestyle. But one thing I believe: it will be a decision you will never regret. \n Answer: All of the above.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, where might the stress come from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8b278f29a6e44589d622b65102a2010",
            "input": "Article: The age at which kids first fall victim to bullying  could influence how strongly they are affected,suggests a new study. And,surprisingly,it is not the youngest kids who are hurt the most in the long term. Bullying can have long-lasting effects,but particularly when it begins in adolescence,the researchers say. People subjected to either verbal (  )or physical bullying are known to be at greater risk of developing depression,anxiety disorders or to behave violently. But not everyone reacts in this way. Children bullied for the first time before they hit adolescence seem to get over it, but those who are bullied for the first time later on in adolescence seem to become more aggressive or are more likely to turn to drink as a means of coping. These are the conclusions of psychologist Matthew Newman and colleagues from the University of Texas at Austin,US. The team gave questionnaires to nearly 1,500 college students regarding their experience of physical and psychological bullying before adolescence--before high school--and in late adolescence--at high school. They assessed mood and mental state,judging by signs of anxiety or depression,such as sleeplessness. The group was also questioned about how they would react to certain challenges,such as humiliation. People who were bullied all revealed slightly higher levels of stress. But while those bullied earlier in life seemed to respond normally to provocation  ,people bullied for the first time late in adolescence are more withdrawn and sensitive to violence. There are also sex differences between those bullied for the first time during adolescence, with females more likely to react aggressively when provoked and males are much more likely to turn to alcohol to escape bad situations. The best solution in all cases was strong social support,whether from friends,family or school. Those with no one to share their problems with suffered the most. So perhaps it is best not to shelter children completely from bullying early on,suggests Newman. \"They may get stressed,but unhealthy coping really jumps out when they are bullied for the first time later on. \" \n Answer: The person who first bullies them.",
            "output": [
                "What determines the degree of bullying's effect on people according to the study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-61457a1adddd4db9a6907e0349e01057",
            "input": "Article: As the saying goes, \"Change is not always for the better\". Take social interaction, for example! We now live in an era in which many teenagers spend hours locked away in their bedrooms shooting virtual soldiers and hitting zombies over the head with digital baseball bats, while others sit home alone, chatting with friends, not in person, but through social networks. Teachers, politicians and parents have genuine reasons to argue that young people like this are in danger of losing the ability to connect with one another, to develop genuine relationships and to separate the fictional world of the Xbox or the Play Station from the real world. Others worry about the increasing breakdown of the family unit within the UK and link that to the increase of youth crime and antisocial behavior, or the problems that some young people have with drugs or alcohol. These issues are particularly common in areas of poverty and, in the light of the economic crisis, are unlikely to improve. Indeed, the gap between rich and poor in the UK could well increase, as unemployment figures rise and the cost of higher education increases. But being a teenager in the 21st century is not all doom and gloom, Young people in the UK today can enjoy living in a far more multicultural, integrated society in which opportunities are more equal and which is increasingly environmentally aware. They benefit from better child protection policies, a wider range of educational activities and clearer guidance on leading healthy lifestyles.  And as they grow up, this generation will benefit from huge technological inventions which will have an impact on almost every aspect of their lives, from entertainment to transport. They will see medical advances which could put an end to diseases like malaria and rid the world of AIDS. They will live longer, work smarter and they will even have a greater understanding of nature and the universe. \n Answer: AIDS and Malaria",
            "output": [
                "According to the article, which of these issues may NOT be a problem for life in the 21st century?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f5b00eb7d18493384795d438a4ff5d7",
            "input": "Article: Our youngest child eagerly entered kindergarten, while our oldest child excitedly went to college--and I felt left behind. After being very happy as a stay-at-home mother of six children, I suddenly felt stuck on a dead-end road and lacked direction. An inner anxiety troubled me that life was passing by. The road, requiring expensive education, appeared too long and difficult. Thanks to supportive friends and family, I eventually discovered the road sign pointing to the ideal program at an excellent college, which offered a lot of student grants . Driving to my first class, I, aged 40, was eager and nervous. School required sacrifices : weekends for class, sleep for study, and life's luxuries  for tuition fees. But the rewards greatly outweighed the cost. The narrow and rocky road developed perseverance   and patience, while the smooth and open road built low confidence. Along the way, I met fellow travelers of all ages and interests: a 50-year-old woman who learned photography at the community college; a successful 62-year-old businessman who worked toward a nursing degree to serve in developing countries; an 80-year-old woman who enthusiastically started classes to learn how to surf the Internet, so she could keep up with the world. Twelve years after starting the journey as a non-traditional student, I graduated with a doctoral degree in literature. My children have been especially proud, calling me Dr. Mom. When you hear the small, still voice asking you to do something more or different, remember you can trust your heart. \n Answer: She felt worried about her children's growth.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel after her youngest child entered kindergarten?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8b01d7672fc940038be5cb08eb667c0e",
            "input": "Article: In Europe, many people make friends across the borders between their countries through town twinning. Town or city twinning means two towns in different countries agree and decide to become \"twins\" with sister city relationship. Their citizens find pen friends in the twin town. They exchange newspapers and stamps. The school teachers discuss teaching methods with the teachers in the twin town. Officials visit the twin town for celebrations. Ordinary citizens travel to the twin town, too, but not very often if it is far away. Sometimes, schools even exchange their classes for two or three weeks! For example, German middle school students study for a while at the school in their twin town in Britain, staying with British families. A few months later, their British friends come to study in Germany. Some towns even arrange exchange visits for theatre groups, choirs and orchestras ( ). Others send lecturers to the twin town who tell the people there all about their own town , and show photos and slides. Town twining can help make friends and motivate  people to learn from each other. It helps students to improve their language skills, and it contributes to  strengthening peace and understanding between different nations. \n Answer: Town Twinning",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d1f03be28957432584ec1b7e0884ddfc",
            "input": "Article: Soft winds blew throughout the Windy City today. We welcomed the winds, as it was another hot day in Chicago. The wind blew, bringing us some coolness and making the weather not that hot. But it was a beautiful summer day with a blue sky. Chicago is a great city for eating, and we have enjoyed tasting the different foods. Last night, we tried one of the city's most famous foods: deep-dish pizza. Chicago claims credit for the rich and cheesy thick-crust pizza, covered with a sweet tomato sauce. We topped it with olives and green peppers. We were touring the city, mainly looking for delicious local foods. Today, we enjoyed a Polish specialty at lunch: Pierogis, an Eastern European dumpling-like dish, filled with foods like potatoes, cheese, mushrooms, cabbage and meat. Polish immigrants started settling in Chicago in the 1850s, and the city has one of the largest Polish communities in the U.S. We took a break from exploring the city to talk with some of you! Ashley and Caty logged onto the Internet for an on-the-road version of TALK2US. We spoke to an English teacher in Tokyo, Japan, and a graduate student in India. Meanwhile, Adam searched for some locations around the city to shoot some video. He chose a spectacular spot: Navy Pier, Chicago's most-visited attraction. The winds from Lake Michigan keep visitors cool, and the view of the Chicago skyline never fails to impress. In fact, the view made all of us _ ! Our time in Chicago has come to an end. Tomorrow, the true journey begins, as we pass through Illinois and into Missouri via Route 66. Springfield, the home of Abe Lincoln, and St. Louis, the \"gateway to the West,\" wait for us. \n Answer: It made them feel comfortable.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author and her companions like the soft winds?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-239ebd8486e743939e400e0e3b4643fa",
            "input": "Article: Even before there were people, there were cases of air pollution. There were dust storms. Volcanoes erupted, sending ash and poisonous gases into the atmosphere. When people appeared on the scene and began their conquest of nature, they also began to pollute the air. They cleared land, which made possible even larger dust storms. They built cities, and the soot  from their hearths filled the air. The Roman author Seneca wrote in A.D. 61 of the \"stink, soot and heavy air \"of the imperial city. In 1257, the Queen of England was forced to move away from the city of Nottingham because the heavy smoke was unbearable. The industrial revolution brought even worse air pollution. Coal was burned to power factories and to heat homes. Soot, smoke, and sulfur dioxide  fill the air. The good old days? Not in the factory towns. But there were large rural areas unaffected by air pollution. With increasing population, the entire world is becoming more urban. It is the huge cities that are most affected by air pollution. But rural areas are not unaffected. In the neighborhoods around smoky factories, there is evidence of increased rates of spontaneous abortion  and of poor wool quality in sheep, decreased egg production and a high death rate in chickens. Traffic police in Tokyo have to wear gas masks and take \"oxygen breaks\" --breathing occasionally from tanks of oxygen. Smog in Athena at times has forced factory closings and traffic restrictions. Acid rain in Canada is caused by air pollution in the United States, contributing to strained relationships between the two countries. Sydney, Rome, Tehran, Ankara, Mexico City, and most other major cities in the world have had frightening experiences of air pollution. One of the two major types of smog--consisting of smoke, fog, sulfur dioxide, sulfuring acid (H2SO4), ash and soot--is called London smog. Indeed, the word smog is thought to have originated in England in 1905 as a contraction of the words \"smoke\" and \"fog.\" Probably the worst case of smog in history started in London on Thursday, 4 December, 1952. A large cold air mass moved into the valley of the Thames River. A temperature inversion placed a blanket of warm air over the cold air. With nightfall, a dense fog and below-freezing temperatures caused the people of London to put coal into their small stoves. Millions of these fires burned throughout the night, pouring sulfur dioxide and smoke into the air. The next day, Friday, the people continued to bum coal when the temperature remained below freezing. The factories added their smoke and chemical fumes to the atmosphere. Saturday was a day of darkness. For twenty miles around London, no light came through the smog. The air was cold and still. And the coal fires continued to bum throughout the weekend. On Monday, 8 December, more than one hundred people died of heart attacks while trying desperately to breathe. By the time a breeze cleared the air on Tuesday, 9 December, more than 4,000 deaths had been caused by the smog. Soot and ash can be removed by electrostatic precipitators . Unfortunately, they use large amounts of electricity, and the electrical energy, which is hardly affordable for most of us, has to come from somewhere. Fly ash removed from the air has to be put on the land or water, although it could be used in some way. The elimination  of sulfur dioxide is more difficult. Low-sulfur coal is rare and expensive. Although sulfur can be washed from finely pulverized  coal, the process is expensive. There are also processes for changing dirty coal into clean liquid and gaseous fuels. These processes may hold promise for the future, but they are too expensive to compete economically with other fuels at present. They also waste a part of the coal's energy. \n Answer: The concept and examples of pollution.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly talking about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-beb5fa5fc145411b81892afed3f35790",
            "input": "Article: Last week I visited one of my old neighborhoods in Washington D.C.I had not been there for twenty years and as I walked along the street, my mind was flooded by memories of the past. I saw the old apartment building where I had lived and the playground where I had played. As I viewed these once familiar surroundings, images of myself as a child there came to mind. However, what I saw and what I remembered were not the same. I sadly realized that the best memories are those left untouched.     My old apartment building, as I remember, was bright and alive. It was more than just a place to live. It was a movie house, a space station, or whatever my young mind could imagine. I would steal away with my friends and play in the basement. This was always exciting because it was so cool and dark, and there were so many things there to hide among. There was a small river in the back of the building. We would go there to lie in the shade of trees and enjoy ourselves.   However, what I saw was completely different. The apartment building was now in disrepair. What was once more than a place to live looked hardly worth living in. The windows were all broken. The once clean walls were covered with dirty marks. The river was hardly recognizable. The water was polluted and the trees and flowers were all dead. The once sweet-smelling river now smelled terrible. It was really heartbreaking to see all this. I do not regret having seen my old neighborhood. However, I do not think my innocent childhood memories can ever be the same. I suppose it is true when they say, \"You can never go home again.\" \n Answer: Very sad.",
            "output": [
                "How did the writer feel when he visited his old neighborhood in Washington D.C.?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0d9a45a5da6f47608b5ed471ccf90f72",
            "input": "Article: Some say the Internet will kill off papers. Others say not so fast. Are newspapers dying? That's the heated debate these days. Many say the disappearance of the daily paper is just a matter of time. The future of journalism is in news websites, not newsprint. However, others say, newspapers have been with us for hundreds of years, and while all news may be online some day, papers can exist for some time. So who's right? I'll outline the arguments on both sides, and then you can decide. Newspapers Are Dead Newspapers are in trouble. Circulation is dropping, display and classified ad income is drying up, and the industry has experienced a hard time. Big metro papers like the Rocky Mountain News have stopped operating, and even bigger newspaper companies like the Tribune Co. go bankrupt . And where are newspaper readers going? To the Web. A recent study has found that Internet users read online newspapers for an average of 53 minutes per week in 2008. That's highest level recorded in the eight years when the study has been done. The study found that 22 percent of users said they stopped their subscription to a printed paper or magazine because they could access the same content online. Some people say the Internet is just a better place to get the news. \"On the Web, newspapers are live, and they can supplement their coverage with audio, video, and the valuable resources of their vast contents,\" says Geffrey I. Cole, director of the Center for the Digital Future. \n Answer: By talking about the background",
            "output": [
                "How does the author present the topic to be discussed?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-302fe7e48e504ed4ac54f7c54197e04a",
            "input": "Article: People who eat chocolate regularly tend to be thinner, new research suggests. The findings come from a study of nearly 1,000 US people that looked at diet, calorie intake and body mass index(BMI)----a measure of obesity. It found those who ate chocolate a few times a week were, on average, slimmer than those who ate it occasionally. Even though chocolate is loaded with calories, it contains ingredients that may favour weight loss rather than fat synthesis , scientists believe. Despite boosting calorie intake, regular chocolate consumption was related to lower BMI in the study. The link remained even when other factors, like how much exercise individuals did, were taken into account. And it appears it is how often you eat chocolate that is important, rather than how much of it you eat. The study found no link with quantity consumed. Lead author Dr. Beatrice Golomb, from the University of California at San Diego, said, \"Our findings appear to add to a body of information suggesting that the composition of calories, not just the number of them, matters for determining their ultimate impact on weight.\" This is not the first time scientists have suggested that chocolate may be healthy for us. Other studies have claimed chocolate may be good for the heart. Consumption of certain types of chocolate has been linked to some favourable changes in blood pressure and insulin  sensitivity. And chocolate does contain antioxidants which can help to absorb free radicals----unstable chemicals that can damage our cells. Mice fed for 15 days with epicatechin (present in chocolate) had improved exercise performance and observable changes to their muscle composition. They say clinical trials are now needed in humans to see if this is the case. But before you reach for a chocolate bar, there are still lots of unanswered questions. And in the absence of conclusive evidence, experts advise caution. While there's no harm in allowing yourself a treat like chocolate now and then, eating too much might be harmful because it often contains a lot of sugar and fat too. \n Answer: Chocolate may help keep people slim.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e345129e74cf481ea9ec3b2d1b8a52f9",
            "input": "Article: Like other student athletes, Ray Ray McElrathbey deals with schoolwork, practice and games. But after a long day of studying and working out on the football field, the prefix = st1 /ClemsonUniversityplayer can't relax with friends. Ray Ray has to make sure his 11-year-old brother, Fahmarr, gets a good dinner, does his homework and goes to bed.        Since taking responsibility for Fahmarr this August, \"I've aged dramatically , \" said Ray Ray. \"I can't be running around at all hours, making 19-year-old decisions. \" Ray Ray has temporary custody of Fahmarr. Their mother struggles with drug addiction , and they are not in touch with their dad.         Ray Ray didn't want to see his brother go into foster  care, where they both had spent time. The brothers now live together in an apartment near the campus in Clemson,South Carolina.        Clemson Tigers fans aren't the only people supporting Ray Ray.Sports Illustrated, ESPNandABCnews have featured the story. The brothers have received praise and many offers of help. But Ray Ray attends the university on a scholarship. Under the rules, he can't accept money or gifts. Coaches'family members can't even give Fahmarr a ride home from school.        This changed a few weeks ago, when the National Collegiate Athletic Association allowed Clemson to set up a trust fund  for Fahmarr. It will help provide for his basic needs, including food and clothing. But the brothers can give each other something that all the money in the world can't buy. Ray Ray says he hopes to instill  qualities of \"strength and intelligence\"in Fahmarr. He says having his brother around is \"a great thing, knowing he will grow up right. \" \n Answer: College Football Player Plays Parent's Role.",
            "output": [
                "What's likely to be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-47769f24f58540d6b53d812770257e21",
            "input": "Article: In Asia,there are many places for people to go to teach English. Most of the teachers are young and sociable,and there are a lot of parties there. Korea is usually the place most people go,because they have the most benefits and highest salaries by working only twenty hours a week. Japan is also a good choice,but only if you stay there for a long time will you save some money. China is a new rising star and lots of people are going there. Like Japan,the pay is quite good,but the cost of living in China is much cheaper. You can save a sizable amount and complete all your loans back home. Besides,Chinese people are enterprising   and you can learn a lot from them. In China,Taiwan is a good place to go,especially for females who want to earn much,but there are not many adult classes offered. The Middle East offers very high salaries and great packages for teachers,all of which is tax free. However,you must be a certified teacher and have a few years' experience if you want to teach there. Most of the people who tend to teach there are older and more conservative,so they don't expect a party scene. Italy and Spain are two beautiful countries where you can try your fortune. Fashion industry in Milan would love to hire wellknown Englishspeaking people to work with international models and designers. Tourism is another industry in these countries,where English knowledge is useful. Moreover,by teaching in Europe you have the ability to travel every weekend to a new country and visit a new culture besides a good salary. Europe has a lot to offer. Teaching English overseas is a really rewarding experience. It is a great way for people to see a new place,and these countries and places are a great place for you to go if you are interested. \n Answer: Its cost of living is higher.",
            "output": [
                "Why does saving money in Japan take more time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e7a7aaf44c7c4d64916b0fb796676f76",
            "input": "Article: It was late in the afternoon, and I was putting the final touch on a piece of writing that I was feeling pretty good about. I wanted to save it, but my cursor  had frozen. I tried to shut the computer down, and it seized up altogether. Unsure of what else to do, I yanked   the battery out. Unfortunately, Windows had been in the midst of a crucial  undertaking. The next morning, when I turned my computer back on, it informed me that a file had been corrupted and Windows would not load. Then, it offered to repair itself by using the Windows Setup CD. I opened the special drawer where I keep CDs. But no Windows CD in there. I was forced to call the computer company's Global Support Centre. My call was answered by a woman in some unnamed, far-off land. I find it annoying to make small talk with someone when I don't know what continent they're standing on. Suppose I were to comment on the beautiful weather we've been having when there was a monsoon  at the other end of the phone? So I got right to the point. \"My computer is telling me a file is corrupted and it wants to fix itself, but I don't have the Windows Setup CD.\" \"So you're having a problem with your Windows Setup CD.\" She has apparently been dozing and, having come to just as the sentence ended, was attempting to cover for her inattention. It quickly became clear that the woman was not a computer technician. Her job was to serve as a gatekeeper. Her only duty, as far as I could tell, was to raise global stress levels. To make me disappear, the woman gave me the phone number for Windows' creator, Microsoft. This is like giving someone the phone number for, I don't know, North America. Besides, the CD worked; I just didn't have it. No matter how many times I repeated my story, we came back to the same place. She was calm and polite. When my voice hit a certain decibel  , I was passed along, like a hot, irritable potato, to a technician. \"You don't have the Windows Setup CD, ma'am, because you don't need it,\" he explained cheerfully. \"Windows came preinstalled on your computer!\" \"But I do need it.\" \"Yes, but you don't have it.\" We went on like this for a while. Finally, he offered to walk me through the use of a different CD, one that would erase my entire system. \"Of course, you'd lose all your e-mail, your documents, your photos.\" It was like offering to drop a safe on my head to cure my headache. \"You might be able to recover them, but it would be expensive.\" He sounded delighted. \"And it's not covered by the warranty  !\"  The safe began to seem like a good idea, provided it was full. I hung up the phone and drove my computer to a small, friendly repair place I'd heard about. A smart, helpful man dug out a Windows CD and told me it wouldn't be a problem. An hour later, he called to let me know it was ready. I thanked him, and we chatted about the weather, which was the same outside my window as it was outside his. \n Answer: The computer offered to repair itself.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author shut down her computer abruptly?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6ebdf55a12374f50ab9d20430176222e",
            "input": "Article: Randy Grim brought home his first stray dog when he was only 5 years old. The fear that he saw in the eyes of that first dog-eventually replaced by gratitude and love-moved Grim so deeply that even at that young age he knew he had found his life's work. In 1998, Grim formed a nonprofit group called Stray Rescue. The group's goal: to save as many of St. Louis's stray dogs as possible. Today, Grim heads up an organization with a $3 million annual budget, a staff of more than 50 paid workers, thousands of volunteers, and a well-equipped shelter that houses as many as 200 dogs. The money that supports Stray Rescue has been raised through donations and through the force of Grim's outspoken advocacy . A man who sees himself as shy is anything but that when it comes to speaking out for dogs. The impact has been significant. While there are no good estimates as to the number of stray dogs on the streets of St. Louis, today 40% more dogs are being picked up off the streets than just two years ago, about 98% are now adopted into homes. Stray Rescue also funds a massive education campaign. The group's bill-boards advocating adoption and neutering of dogs are everywhere, as are brochures informing the public of free medical care for dogs and volunteer opportunities at Stray Rescue. \"The whole landscape has changed,\"says Pam Walker, St. Louis city health director. Since Grim's involvement, she says, St. Louis has become a model for good practices in the area. Officials elsewhere sometimes ask how St. Louis deals with its dog problems. Walker says,\"My answer is:We have Randy Grim.\" Grim says he is delighted at the way the city has responded. Many St. Louis citizens\"were already there,\"he says, in terms of concern for dogs. \"I'm really proud of my city.\" \n Answer: He decided to rescue stray dogs when young.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true of Randy Grim?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-52c0dabffdc44c21b6636038ea8d6ca4",
            "input": "Article: Years after throwing a bottle-up note into a lake for a class project and just one year after his death, a man's childhood message was found and returned to his mother. Eleven years ago, a then 10-year-old boy, Joshua Baker, wrote the message, folded and put it in an empty container, his mother, Maggie Holbrook said. He died last February in a motor vehicle accident in California. He had recently returned after a serving in the Middle East as a US marine. \"I think he was just letting us know he was OK and keep doing what we are doing.\" Holbrook said. The message surfaced in White Lake in late April, just days after the 11th anniversary of its being thrown into the lake. It was found by one of Baker's closest friends, Steve Lieder, she said. Lieder and two friends were chatting near the lake when Lieder looked down and saw the bottle. He broke it open and found the note inside. \"My name is Joshua Baker. I am 10. If you find this, put it on the news. The date is 4/16/98.\" They immediately took it to Holbrook, who said she is now having the note preserved and will display it in her home. She can remember when her son wrote the message for the school project. She said she always wondered why he didn't put it in the nearby Wolf River, which has a much stronger current. \"I still remember the day he wrote it, \" Holbrook said. \"I couldn't understand why he threw I in the lake. No one would never see it again. Now I know.\" \n Answer: A soldier",
            "output": [
                "What was Joshua Baker when he died in motor vehicle accident in California?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c495ac94375342d8b8ec41e77bebc90d",
            "input": "Article: Name: Julia Rosetti Email: n1950215@droid.fit.qut.edu.au Location: Brisbane, Australia Age: 18 Sex: Female Drugs: No Alcohol: No Sports/ Activities: I used to do a lot of ballet and stage work, my ambition was to be a professional dancer before I got sick. Nowadays I love to read, and other stuff like that, as well as spending a lot of time with my family and friends. Grades: I finished high school last year, and I haven't started college because I've been sick. But I got subject prizes in three subjects and high as in the rest. Favorite Subject: I loved Music, English, History and Biology. Hard to pick a favorite - they're all so different. Volunteer Work: It all depends on what you call \"volunteer\". Nothing really official, but I spend a lot of my time working and playing with really sick kids, and they come to me for advice a lot. What My Future Goals Are: I'd either like to go on to do stage work, or work with kids with serious illnesses. I haven't decided which, yet. What I do in My Spare Time: Talk to my friends and my family. Hang around with my hospital friends. Watch TV. Go to the movies when I can. I love going on picnics and other outdoorsy stuff. How I'd Change the World: No question. Cure cancer. _ it forever. Largest Problem: Sometimes, I think it's having too many choices, and having too many expectations and others having too many expectations of _ . And all the implications   of this. Why Would I Make a Good Counselor  : I really want to help other people. I've made that my life's ambition, to help as many people as I can. Qualifications: I spend a lot of time doing this sort of stuff \"unofficially\" - I am the Discussion Manager on a discussion list for seriously ill young people. People also write to me because of my homepage, often wanting advice, which I try to give them. \n Answer: She has had an operation.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer about Julia Rosetti?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f45fb19ec80d4515af23c9f7dcd857d3",
            "input": "Article: Long bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning, a middle, and an end with commercials   thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. \"Buy Super Clean Toothpaste.\" \"Drink Good Wet Root Beer.\" \"Fill up with Pacific Gas. \"Only when you have fallen asleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, can you get separated from the unending cry of \"You Need It! Buy It Now!\" As for the ride itself, the beginning of it is comfortable and somewhat exciting, even if you've traveled that way before. Usually some things are keeping changing out of the windows -- various houses, crop fields, attractive bridges, ... and sometimes even a small accident. Your bus driver may have a unique style of driving and it's fun trying experience it the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless   or daring, the ride can be as thrilling   as an adventurous story. Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move into the right or the left hand lane? After a while, of course, the excitement dies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting. But you've got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops. The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know the riding will soon be over and there's a kind of expectation and excitement with that. The seat, of course, has become harder for the hours having passed. By now you may sit with your legs crossed, or with your hands in your lap, or with your hands on the arms, or even with your hands crossed behind your head. That is to say that the end comes just at no more ways to sit. \n Answer: Gas stations.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bde441f3acc64ef78c9b731bc5eaeeef",
            "input": "Article: The homeless dog, known as Xiao Sa, has been following a team of cyclists for 24 days along 1,833 kilometers of highway from Kangding, Sichuan province, to Lhasa in Tibet. Nobody knows where the white dog came from or how long she has been straying on highway G318. Netizens call her the \"dog with determination\" and the micro blog \"Go Go Xiao Sa\" recording her life has attracted more than 37,000 followers in two weeks. A picture of Xiao Sa in the arms of a young man in front of the Potala Palace on Thursday night drew more than 4,000 comments congratulating the small dog and expressing dreams of going to Lhasa. The young man in the picture is Zhang Heng, 22, a student in Wuhan, Hubei province. As his graduation trip, he decided to face the challenge of riding to Lhasa alone. On the way he met a lonely dog. \"She was lying, tired, on the street around Yajiang, Sichuan province,\" he said. \"So we fed her, and then she followed our team.\" \"We felt she might want to come along with us, so we decided to bring her along to the end.\" A week later, Zhang and his buddies opened a micro blog account for her. \"We thought the dog was encouraging us, and wanted others to know its story,\" he said. They created the name Xiao Sa by combining xiao meaning \"little\" with the last syllable of Lhasa. During their journey, Xiao Sa, Zhang and his team covered more than 1,700 kilometers and climbed 10 mountains higher than 4,000 meters. Xiao Sa just ran up the mountains or along dirt roads. \"Many people stopped cycling in some sections, then took the bus, but the dog made it,\" he said. Zhang put the dog on the back of the bike when the team was riding downhill. \"The speed can reach 70 kilometers per hour, impossible for the dog to catch us.\" Zhang Heng, who accompanied Xiao Sa for 20 days, called her \"a buddy and a friend\". \"I would like to take the dog home and take care of her. She has been a stray on the road for a long time. She needs a home.\" \n Answer: inspired",
            "output": [
                "How did the netizens feel when they read the micro blog related to the dog?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7cd7330be033493d93f7f14727bf5702",
            "input": "Article: So the evening turned to night, and the night turned to morning. And before I knew it , the SAT was before me. I wasn't sure  if I was ready, but I knew one thing: I wanted to get it over with. SAT for the students is like tooth pulling. For those smart Asian kiddos, it's like walking through the park: easy and carefree. _  As I arrived outside of the dining hall, already a mob of students were sitting, talking, or standing silently waiting to get in. Jones students are lucky not only to have such a testing center at school, but also the feeling of their home school where it feels comfortable and familiar. \"ID, please,\" my former math teacher asked at the door. \"Okay.\" She looked over my ID, checked off my name on her list, and pointed towards the dining hall tables inside. With hesitation, I picked up my feet and was directed to a large round table in the middle of the dinning hall. At least fourteen people could sit at this table but only four were allowed to take their test here. \"I'm glad it's multiple choices.\" I heard one student say. All the questions on the test have five choices except for one math section where they have only four. If you get an answer wrong, you don't get any point, plus you get a penalty of a 1/4 point. If you don't answer a question, you don't get any point, nor penalties. When everyone had a seat and the actual SAT I booklet in front of them, the proctor of the test called for our attentions. \"In front of you, you should have a SAT I test and a scantron . Please do not open the test booklet until I say so.\" He then went on to talk about the procedures, the amount of time, signature of honesty, etc. After thirty minutes of instruction reading, he gave us all a solemn expression before saying, \"You may begin now. Good luck.\" I could hear a hundred booklets being opened and pencils scratching the surface. I looked to my right, I looked to my left, I did a quick prayer for whoever was in charge up in the heavens, and started my test. At least I wouldn't know my score until summer time. \n Answer: Nervous.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel before the test?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-897892b69b944a8c90e3778d68b9f406",
            "input": "Article: \"Father, do you see Mother in your dreams?\" the young girl asks. \"You know sometimes I do.\" \"Mother comes to see me a lot, you know. We sit and talk.\" The father smiles. \"How is your homework coming along?\" \"Why do I have to study so hard?\" \"It is what your mother would have wanted!\" She regrets speaking her mind. \"I'm sorry, Father, I shouldn't have said that.\" She looks up and sees his eyes well up with tears. \"It's okay, love,\" he gets up and pours himself a drink. \"I'll just sit outside for a while. You finish up your work, okay?\" \"I'm sorry, Father; Mother did love you very much. She told me all the time.\" \"Homework, first, eh? Then we can chat about your mother.\" He heads off outside and sits in his usual chair, looking around the courtyard. The whole area relaxes the mind and somehow soothes the soul. \"All finished, Father. May I get a drink and sit with you? I have some questions.\" She comes with two drinks one for him and one for herself. He looks surprised. She never really liked him having a drink. Although he had cut back a lot from before he brought her here, it still seemed strange. \"Mother told me all about you. That is before she passed away. We would laugh together at your love stories.\" He listens without uttering a single sound. \"Why didn't you come and take her away with you? She really wanted that. Did you know that?\" Her father looks at his daughter lovingly. \"Circumstances were difficult back then. It was just the way things were. When it came time to...\" He sighs. \"To visit her it was too late.\" The girl smiles. \"I hope I will have the same kind of love you and mother had.\" \"Without all the heartache,\" her father adds. \"She always knew you loved her. She told me every day,\" the child mentions cheerfully. \"I saw her crying sometimes when she read your letters.\" \"Did she make you promise to look after me?\" She inquires. \"She asked me to take care of you.\" \"You promised her, didn't you?\" \"Yes, I did.\" \"It is nice out here, isn't it? Mother would have been very happy here.\" She talks with some authority. Her father remains silent. A smile comes to his weary brow. He nods his head. \"Mother wanted me to give you something. I think now the time is right.\" She runs to her room. Upon returning she hands her father a book. \"It's mother's diary! She wanted me to give it to you.\" He takes the book and holds it in his trembling hands, \"Thank you.\" \"Mother said you would understand things better.\" \"Wise woman, your mother.\" He places the book on the table as he gets up. The girl gets up and wraps herself around her father. \"I love you.\" she looks up at his face. He picks her up and hugs her. \"I love you, too.\" His voice trembles. \"It's okay, Father. We have each other now and mother is in both of us.\" He kisses her head. \"Time you went to bed,\" her father softly says. He puts her down and she scampers off to get washed and ready for bed. Clearing up everything he checks on his daughter. She is in bed waiting for her good night kiss. He tucks her in and bids her goodnight. Just as he is to leave she tells him. \"Mother told me she adopted me when I was a baby.\" He stands at her bedroom door. Words fail him. Yes, he knew she was adopted. \"I am really lucky for being loved by my parents, even if I am not really theirs.\" \" _ ?\" he tells her. She giggles, \"Goodnight, Father. I love you.\" \"Love you, too.\" His face lights up as he wipes his dampened eyes. The door closes and the child falls asleep dreaming of her mother. Sitting outside he picks up the diary and opens it and reads the first line: \"I love you, my dearest, if only things could have been different...\" \n Answer: She has already died.",
            "output": [
                "Why isn't the mother with her family?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-82ae9816a8dc4519931b67320bc12255",
            "input": "Article: Before the law sits a gatekeeper.To this gatekeeper comes a man from the country who asks to gain entry into the law.But the gatekeeper says that he cannot grant him entry at the moment.The man thinks about it and then asks if he will be allowed to come in sometime later on.\"It is possible,\" says the gatekeeper,\"but not now.\" 1The gate to the law stands open,as always,and the gatekeeper walks to the side,so the man bends over in order to see through the gate into the inside.When the gatekeeper notices that,he laughs and says:  _  The man from the country has not expected such difficulties: the law should always be accessible for everyone,he thinks,but as he now looks more closely at the gatekeeper in his fur coat,at his large pointed nose and his long,thin,black Tartar's beard,he decides that it would be better to wait until he gets permission to go inside.The gatekeeper gives him a stool and allows him to sit down at the side in front of the gate.There he sits for days and years.He makes many attempts to be let in,and he wears the gatekeeper out with his requests.The gatekeeper often interrogates him briefly,questioning him about his homeland and many other things,but they are indifferent questions,the kind great men put,and at the end he always tells him once more that he cannot let him inside yet.The man,who has equipped himself with many things for his journey,spends everything,no matter how valuable,to win over the gatekeeper.The latter takes it all but,as he does so,says,\"I am taking this only so that you do not think you have failed to do anything.\" 2 During the many years the man observes the gatekeeper almost continuously.He forgets the other gatekeepers,and this first one seems to him the only barrier for entry into the law.He curses the unlucky circumstance,in the first years thoughtlessly and out loud; later,as he grows old,he only mumbles to himself.He becomes childish and,since in the long years studying the gatekeeper he has also come to know the fleas  in his fur collar,he even asks the fleas to help him persuade the gatekeeper.Finally his eyesight grows weak,and he does not know whether things are really darker around him or whether his eyes are merely deceiving him.But he recognizes now in the darkness a ray of light which breaks out of the gateway to the law.Now he no longer has much time to live. Before his death he gathers in his head all his experiences of the entire time up into one question which he has not yet put to the gatekeeper.He waves to him,since he can no longer lift up his stiffening body.The gatekeeper has to bend way down to him,for the great difference has changed things considerably to the disadvantage of the man.3 \"You are insatiable .\" \"Everyone strives after the law,\" says the man,\"so how is it that in these many years no one except me has requested entry?\" The gatekeeper sees that the man is already dying and,in order to reach his diminishing sense of hearing,he shouts at him,\"Here no one else can gain entry,since this entrance was assigned only to you.I'm going now to close it.\" 4 \n Answer: Trustworthy but childish.",
            "output": [
                "Which can best describe the man from the country?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8036eef394824abc8b95433273cc0045",
            "input": "Article: A father wanted to buy a horse for his son. After looking at many horses, the man's decision was almost made. It had come down to a choice between two horses. They were quite similar   and the prices were the same. He decided to take another look so he could make a final decision. The first farmer was eagerly trying to sell his horse and talked much about how cute his horse was, but the father didn't reach a decision. The second farmer was different. He didn't say anything about the horse, but he simply said that he was sure the man's son would love his horse. He offered to bring the man a saddle  , a bridle  , the horse and enough food for it for 30 days. In return  , the father should give him a check, and he would hold it for 30 days. If the man's son decided to keep the horse, he could let him know at the end of the 30 days, and he would cash the check. Otherwise, he would give back the man's check, pick up the horse and even clean up where the horse had been to. Which farmer do you think sold his horse? Can you see that if you promise buyers reliable business dealings with you, you are more likely to be successful? The farmer gave more far beyond what the father thought or even imagined. \n Answer: The two horses were quite similar.",
            "output": [
                "Why was it hard for the father to make a decision at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b103045c363d408c8e332443eb595e2e",
            "input": "Article: LONDON --- A British judge on Thursday sentenced a businessman who sold fake bomb detectors to 10 years in prison, saying the man hadn't cared about potentially deadly consequences. It is believed that James McCormick got about $77.8 million from the sales of his detectors which were based on a kind of golf ball finder to countries including Iraq, Belgium and Saudi Arabia. McCormick, 57, was convicted  of cheats last month and sentenced Thursday at the Old Bailey court in London. \"Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people,\" Judge Richard Hone told McCormick. \"you have neither regret, nor shame, nor any sense of guilt.\" The detectors, sold for up to $42,000 each, were said to be able to find such dangerous objects as bombs under water and from the air. But in fact they \"lacked any grounding in science\" and were of no use. McCormick had told the court that he sold his detectors to the police in Kenya, the prison service in Hong Kong, the army in Egypt and the border control in Thailand. \"I never had any bad results from customers,\" he said. ks5u \n Answer: He cheated in business.",
            "output": [
                "Why was McCormick sentenced to prison?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-caabe12b9670464fa560638d170c2b78",
            "input": "Article: Many critics worry about violence on television, most out of fear that it stimulates viewers to violent or aggressive acts. Our research, however, indicates that the consequences of experiencing TV's symbolic world of violence may be much more far-reaching. We have found that people who watch a lot of TV see the real world as more dangerous and frightening than those who watch very little. Heavy viewers are less trustful of their fellow citizens, and more fearful of the real world. Since most TV \"action-adventure\" dramas occur in urban settings, the fear they inspire may contribute to the current flee of the middle class from our cities. The fear may also bring increasing demands for police protection, and election of law-and-order politicians. While none of us is completely dependent upon television for our view of the world, neither have many of us had the opportunity to observe the reality of police stations, courtrooms, corporate board rooms, or hospital operating rooms. Although critics complain about the fixed characters and plots of TV dramas, many viewers look on them as representative of the real world. Anyone who questions that statement should read the 250,000 letters, most containing requests for medical advice, sent by viewers to \"Marcus Welby, M.D.\" --a popular TV drama series about a doctor-- during the first five years of his practice on TV. Violence on television leads viewers to regard the real world as more dangerous than it really is, which must also influence the way people behave. When asked, \"Can most people be trusted?\" the heavy viewers were 35 percent more likely to choose \"Can't be too careful.\" Victims, like criminals, must learn their proper roles, and televised violence may perform the teaching function all too well. Instead of worrying only about whether television violence causes individual displays of aggression in the real world, we should also be concerned about social reality. Passive acceptance of violence in the face of injustice may result from far greater social concern than occasional displays of individual aggression. We have found that violence on prime-time network TV cultivates overstated  assumptions about the threat of danger in the real world. Fear is a universal emotion, and easy to exploit. The overstated sense of risk and insecurity may lead to increasing demands for protection and to increasing pressure for the use of force by established authority. Instead of threatening the social order, television may have become our chief instrument of social control. \n Answer: Holding more elections.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT among the consequences of watching TV too much?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a3820e7b6b51477fa7150c767e953736",
            "input": "Article: To live forever was the dream of many emperors in ancient China.People were ordered to call them Wansui,which means 10,000 years,but no human could live that long.How long can humans really live? According to the latest scientific discovery,humans are able to live up to the age of 120 or perhaps even longer.     Several recent studies showed that our life span can be extended far beyond normal limits.Cynthia Kenyon,a professor at the University of California in San Francisco doubled the life of a worm from two weeks to a month.By changing the function of a single gene,known as daf-2,the scientist not only added extra days to the worm's life but also kept it a healthy as worms which were half its age.     There are two similar genes in the bodies of mammals.By changing the function of on gene,scientists extended the life of a mouse by 1 8 per cent(or 4.5 months).Another gene is called IGF-1.Researchers still don't know how it affects our body.But by reducing its functions the life of a mouse increases by 33 per cent for 8.6 months).The average life span of a mouse is 26 months.     In the experiment of extending life,an ancient saying,\"you are what you eat.\" also seems to  be true.Vegetables contain fewer calories than meat,and help to prolong life,scientists say. Research has found that taking in fewer calories affects our lives in a similar way to reducing IGF-1.     US biologist John Phelan suggests low calorie diets could increase human life span,but there is no proof yet.     Researchers are still waiting for the results of a study started in 1987.Monkeys are fed with low calorie food to see what happens.A monkey's typical life span is 40 years,so there is a little while to wait.     In China,average,life expectancy has now reached 70,double that of 1949. Increasing the length of our lives may bring us closer to the dreams of our ancient emperors.But it may also cause social problems such as housing and employment,social scientists have warned. \n Answer: In China,the average life span is twice as long as it was half a century ago.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about statement of life span?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b48c6a2f6ec740bba97783601cc427de",
            "input": "Article: Maurice Mountain is a retired lawyer in Washington, D.C. He developed a prototype  for a device he calls the Presto Emergency Boat Ladder. His invention is a small folding ladder that attaches to the side of a boat to help people who fall into the water. Mr. Mountain plans to mass-produce his boat ladder. He created his invention at a workshop called TechShop. Mr. Mountain says, \"I think it encourages innovation. I think people who probably have had ideas rolling around in the back of their minds for years but have never had the opportunity to actually put them into production or even experiment with them would find this place wonderful. Members of TechShop use high-tech equipment to develop and produce ideas they have for inventions.\" Isabella Musachio manages a TechShop in Arlington, Virginia. She says the shop has many different kinds of equipment. \"TechShop is a do-it-yourself maker space. So when you come in we have all these different areas of the shop, and we have a metal shop, wood shop, lasers, 3D printers, electronics. I mean, we have so many different areas and we have all the equipment that is availahle to anybody above the age of 12.\" Membership costs for TechShop start at just over $ 100 per month. Members are able to use costly machines including 3D modeling tools and laser cutters. Isabella Musachio says TechShop helps its members build their dreams. \"Our motto is 'build your dreams here' because you can really come in with just an idea, and then with the help of TechShop make that leap from an idea to building your project o, your prototype or even your business.\" Jim Newton is the founder of TechShop. He first introduced the idea for the technology workshops at an arts and sciences event called Maker Faire in San Mateo, California in 2006. His idea attracted hundreds of members during that event, Now, there are eight TechShop locations in the U. S. In all, there are more than 6,000 members. Two more-TechShop locations in the cities of St. Louis and Look Angeles will be set up. \n Answer: TechShop puts high-tech dreams within reach.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about TechShop from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-195a33aa86974faeb8f4b0aee0610639",
            "input": "Article: There will come a time when you must decide to lead the life someone else has chosen for you... or the life you want. According to legend, when a young boy asked the great Renaissance artist Michelangelo why he was working so hard hitting the block of marble that would eventually become his greatest sculpture, David, the artist replied, \"Young man, there is an angel inside this rock, and I am setting him free.\" In The Angel Inside, the well-known consultant and career coach Chris Widener uses Michelangelo's words to explore the hidden potential that exists within us all. In this unforgettable tale, Tom Cook, a disillusioned American businessman, has traveled to Italy looking for direction in his life. In Florence, the last city on his tour, Tom meets a mysterious old man who opens his eyes to the art and life of Michelangelo and reveals what the artist's work can teach him -- and all of us -- about the power of following your passion. Whether you are looking for a way to reinvigorate your career or searching for the courage to begin a new one, The Angel Inside is a must-read if you want to find true meaning in your life and work. The break-out business story that's already sold more than 70,000 copies, The Angel Inside tells the story of a young man searching for meaning in his work and finding it in an unlikely place: the life and art of Michelangelo. Advance Praise for The Angel Inside \"The Angel Inside is a powerfully simple story that helps you discover your potential for a passionate life!\" ----John C. Maxwell, author, speaker and founder of INJOY Stewardship Services and EQUIP \" Chris Widener's The Angel Inside is a short read that is long on wisdom for life. Take an hour and a half of your time and delve into this truly meaningful book. It will captivate you from beginning to end, but more importantly, it will help you create your own life of power and beauty.\" --Jim Rohn \" A very special one-day relationship between a wise mentor and his struggling but eager protege. What a delightful story for everyone to read, and from which to benefit greatly!\" -- Bob Burg \" The Angel Inside\" is truly one of the most inspiring, encouraging motivational books I have ever read. Once I got started, I found it impossible to stop reading. And I say this as a man who has never read friction; I've always said that when I get all of the truth, then I'll start reading fiction. It was a wonderful thrill to read a work of fiction that contains an enormous amount of truth and encouragement.\" -- Zig Ziglar \n Answer: Following your passion",
            "output": [
                "What is probably the theme of the book The Angel Inside?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f21e5345d1fc4dc9badb1603deffb59c",
            "input": "Article: The dark chocolate is one of the favourite food choices by many. The taste is simply irresistible  , the smell is inviting and the feel of every bite is surely what you are longing for. Apart from the taste, you simply cannot resist it because it has a lot of benefits when it comes to your health. Our health is our priority   when it comes to the choice of our foods. If you worry that the chocolate is bad for your health, then here is a list of the effects of dark chocolate to health especially when taken with the right amount every day. First of all , it contains a component called falconoid   which acts as an antioxidant  . The antioxidants fight the common signs of aging. The antioxidants are also good for the heart. Studies have shown that people who ate foods rich in antioxidants have low risk of heart diseases. In addition to the anti-aging and healthy heart benefits, the dark chocolate can also lower blood pressure and reduce bad cholesterol   to as high as 10%. Lowering of blood pressure in patients of high blood level is good because it will lower the risks of stroke and certain health crisis. Low levels of blood cholesterol are also good for the heart and take away the risk of blood vessels which may harden for too much cholesterol in them. Lastly, do you know the feeling of being overjoyed after jogging? This feeling is like extreme happiness. Dark chocolates will give you the feeling of pleasure and happiness. If you are feeling that the world has turned against you, then a chocolate can be a mood lifter. It can help fight depression. Usually when we feel so bad, we would crave to eat more food. If you are looking for something to eat during your bad moments, try to take a bite from a dark chocolate and feel good somehow after it. These are commonly the effects of chocolates to health. It can benefit you especially if taken in moderate amounts. Approximately, 100 grams of chocolate or less a day is already enough according to studies. If you have taken too much, try to lessen on your other meals for the day. It is all about nutrition and taking the right amount of food in order to get the health benefits that it can provide for you. \n Answer: Our health.",
            "output": [
                "What do we consider most important when choosing our foods?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6589a711ede640d08f5086c63b84b946",
            "input": "Article: Years ago people could hardly accept the ideas of a woman's being a doctor. In order to get into medical school in 1847, Elizabeth Blackwell was asked to keep it a secret that she was a woman. This was contrary to her beliefs, and she refused to do it. After entering medical school, prefix = st1 /Elizabethoften had to summon all her courage to free the unkindness of teachers and classmates. By her great efforts, she was able to complete her studies. Many people came to her graduation just to have a look at a woman doctor. Doctor Blackwell soon found that most people were not as ready as to go to a woman doctor. She had to struggle to make a living. Then came the great day when she was offered a job as a doctor in a hospital. She did so well that she was asked to organize a new hospital and medical college. TheUnited Statescan now be proud of thousands of women doctors. \n Answer: Unfairly.",
            "output": [
                "How do you think Elizabethwas treated in the medical school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8562a9ac7256449f8943867ee0751ca0",
            "input": "Article: Singapore is building an airport where indoor trees, waterfalls and a 'rain vortex' sit alongside check-in queues, waiting rooms and baggage carousels . Where once sat a car park, there will soon be thousands of trees and plants across 22,000 sq metres of landscaped indoor parklands. This will be joined by a 40m-high indoor waterfall, expected to be the world's tallest. These are the plans for the new 3.5 hectare 'Jewel' development at Singapore's Changi Airport, scheduled to open in 2018; a five-storey, 134,000 square metre complex, mixing natural outdoor plants with modern airport facilities. \"The aim behind the introduction of such lush  landscaping is purely to provide all visitors with a memorable experience, one where they are surrounded by nature and greenery,\"says Philip Yim, Chief Executive Officer of Jewel Changi Airport Development. Promised sustainability  measures include \"extensive usage of photovoltaic panels \"to produce renewable energy, as well as encouraging the use of natural lighting and a \"high efficiency\" air-conditioning system. The indoor waterfall, named the \"Rain Vortex\", will make use of special lighting effects to change at night into what is promised to be a dramatic light and sound show. \"The Rain Vortex is one example of how sustainable design plays an important role in the planning of the attraction,\" says Yim. 'In the event of a rain storm, the power of the rain water will flow naturally through the oculus. The excess rain water collected will be used for irrigation of the landscaping at Jewel.' Yim quotes the popular reputation Singapore enjoys as \"the garden city\", where greenery is recognised as an essential part of the urban landscape, an attractive image which clearly inspires Jewel's design. However, it remains to be seen whether, beyond the aesthetic   appeal, Jewel can add genuine environmental things to something as un-environmental as an international airport. \n Answer: It has been planned and is being built.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the \"jewel\" development Singapore's change Airport?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-becb32f0884f48d3be3e826174cebcd0",
            "input": "Article: A Simple Lesson \"Another bad day at school?\" my father asked as I came into the room. \"How could you tell? I didn't shut the door heavily or anything,\" I replied. Over the past two months I had either done this or thrown my backpack across the room every time I came home from school. Papa thinks it has something to do with moving to a new house. \"I know this move has been hard on you. Leaving your friends and cousins behind is tough,\" Papa said, as he put his arm around my shoulder. \"What you must remember is that, with a lot of hard work and some time, you will make new friends.\" \"You don't know how hard it is. This year my baseball team would have won the championship. They won't even give me a chance to pitch   here. All I get to play is right field, and that's the worst!\" Papa turned toward me. \"Things will get better, I promise you. Let me ask you, do you know why you were named David Lorenzo?\" \"Yes, your name is David and grandfather's name is Lorenzo.\" \"Very good, and what makes your grandfather so important?\" \"He was the first in the family to come to this country and all that,\" I answered. \"That is only partly correct. Your grandfather was a very great man. In Mexico, he had been a teacher. When he came to America he could only get lowpaid labor jobs because he didn't speak the language. It took him two years before he spoke English well enough to be allowed to teach here, but he did it. He never complained because he knew change could be difficult. Did he ever tell you that?\" my father asked. I looked down at my feet, ashamed at my behavior. \"No. That must have been hard,\" I said . \"Your grandfather taught me that if you let people see your talent, they will accept you for who you are. I want you to always remember what my father taught me, even if it takes a few years for people to see who you are,\" said Papa. All I could say was, \"Okay.\" Then I asked, \"What should I do now?\" Laughing, Papa said, \"How about you pitch a few to me? You need some work.\" \n Answer: Because he quarreled with his friends at school.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the author unhappy that day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-efa9c8a787244130a2c0fe25a6b69f84",
            "input": "Article: According to a report by London's Sunday Times on December 24, 2011, the world's youngest professional gamer is an 8-year -old American boy, Victor De Leon. Victor has been gaming since age two, when his dad used to hand him a game-controller to soothe crying mood . He then gradually turned himself into Lil poison, king of the world of acrobatic combat . He got his first professional contract at the age of six. Lil Poison is beginning to make money from web tournaments, business activities and celebrity  financial support. His name will soon appear on a line of some clothing and on special \"skins\" used to house gaming panels . Victor's success as a celebrity is burning great interest in what Americans are beginning to call \"e-sports\" or \"cyber athletics\". \n Answer: Victor has become an image spokesman of a company",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is not true based on the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0608557e9b924f63947cfce815df5180",
            "input": "Article: Career success could be predicted as early as kindergarten, according to a 20-year study recently published in the American Journal of Public Health. Researchers from Pennsylvania State University and Duke University tracked more than 700 children from across the US between kindergarten and age 25 and found a significant correlation between their social skills as kindergartners and their success as adults two decades later. In 1991, teachers assessed how the kindergartners interacted  with each other socially using a range of criteria like whether they cooperate with their peers without prompting , if they're helpful to others, whether they're good at understanding feelings, and if they can solve problems on their own. Researchers then kept track of whether the students went on to graduate high school on time, get a college degree, and find and keep a full-time job by 25. They also monitored the participants' involvement with crime, drug abuse, public assistance, and mental health issues. The results showed that socially competent children were far more likely to earn a college degree and have a full-time job by 25 than those with limited social skills. Those with limited social skills also had a higher chance of getting arrested, binge drinking, and applying for public housing. \"This study shows that helping children develop social and emotional skills is one of the most important things we can do to prepare them for a healthy future,\" said Kristin Schubert, program director at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, which funded the research, in a release. \"From an early age, these skills can determine whether a child goes to college or prison, and whether they end up employed or addicted.\" The good news, according to Damon Jones, lead author of the study, is that intervention at a young age can help improve social and emotional skills. \"This research by itself doesn't prove that higher social competence can lead to better outcomes later on,\" he said. \"But when combined with other research, it is clear that helping children develop these skills increases their chances of success in school, work, and life.\" \n Answer: Social skills play a key role in children's development.",
            "output": [
                "What has the 20-year study found?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-446300a3525a4d6d9f63c10877630d7b",
            "input": "Article: Before fridges, homes usually had ice boxes. But another way to keep food cool without electricity is to use an evaporative   cooler. It is easy to make and does not even use ice. A common design is a tall box with several shelves inside. The shelves are pieces of metal with many small holes through them. The sides of the box are covered with pieces of thick cloth. Containers of water are placed at the top and bottom of the cooler. The ends of each piece of cloth lie in the water so the cloth stays wet. Put the cooler in the open air but not in the sun. Air will pass through while the inside of the box will stay several degrees cooler than the outside. This can keep foods fresh for a short time. The best way to prepare foods for storage   is at harvest time. Place the harvested items on a clean surface, but not on the ground. Fruits and vegetables must be cool from field heat before they are stored. A good idea is to harvest foods either early or late in the day, then leave them to cool naturally. Do not remove outer leaves from fruits and vegetables before storage. Some fruits and vegetables must be stored at zero to four degrees Celsius. Any colder, and they might be damaged. Others need four to eight degrees, and still others above eight degrees. Cover the items in plastic once they reach the right \" _ \" for storage. \n Answer: A tall box used to cool food without ice or electricity.",
            "output": [
                "What is an evaporative cooler?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8d5e5b8ca815423aa41101a746332e4c",
            "input": "Article: Global warming is when the earth heats up,the temperature rises.It happens when greenhouse gases--carbon dioxide,water vapor,nitrous oxide  ,and methane   trap heat and light from the sun in the earth's atmosphere,which increases the temperature.This is like when heat is trapped in a car.On a very hot day,the car gets hotter when it is out in the parking lot.This is because the heat and light from the sun can get into the car,by going through the windows,but it can't get back out.Once the light is inside the car,it is trapped and the heat builds up,just like it does in the earth's atmosphere.This is what the greenhouse effect does to the earth.The heat and light can get through the atmosphere,but it can't get out.As a result,the temperature rises. Sometimes the temperature can change in a way that helps us.The greenhouse effect makes the earth appropriate for people to live on.Without _ ,the earth would be freezing,or on the other hand it would be burning hot.We would not get the sun's heat and light to make the night somewhat warm.During the day,especially during the summer,it would be burning because the sun would be up with no atmosphere to filter   it,so people,plants,and animals would be exposed to all the light and heat. Although the greenhouse effect makes the earth able to have people living on it,if there gets to be too many gases,the earth can get unusually warmer,and many plants,animals,and people will die.They would die because there would be less food (plants like corn,wheat,and other vegetables and fruits).This would happen because the plants would not be able to take in the heat.This would cause us to have less food to eat,but it would also limit the food that animals have.Gradually,people,plants,and animals would all die of hunger. People are doing many things to try to stop global warming.One thing people are doing is carpooling.Carpooling is driving with someone to a place that you are both going to.This minimizes the amount of greenhouse gases put into the air by a car. Another thing that people are doing is being more careful about leaving things turned on like the television,computer,and the lights.A lot of people are taking time away from the television,and instead,they are spending more time outdoors.This helps our planet out a lot.Now,more people are even riding buses,walking to school,and riding their bikes to lower the amount of greenhouse gases in the air. Planting trees and recycling also help.If you recycle,less trash goes to the dump,and less trash gets burned.As a result,there are fewer greenhouse gasses in our atmosphere.Although adults do many things to help stop global warming,kids can do just as much. \n Answer: It prevents all the light from the sun shining on the earth.",
            "output": [
                "What is the effect of atmosphere?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d3ea103a90ee43f2b58f3fe9f700c260",
            "input": "Article: If you're a male and you're reading this, congratulations: you're a survivor. According to statistics, you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman, and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you'll die on average five years before a woman. There are many reasons for this--typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke--but perhaps more importantly, men don't go to the doctor. \"Men aren't seeing doctors as often as they should,\" says Dr. Gullotta. \"This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike.\" Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45, it should be at least once a year. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker's cough for a year. \"When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer,\" he says. \"Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged his life.\" According to a recent survey, 95% of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group. \"A lot of men think they're undefeatable,\" Gullota says. \"They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, 'Geez, if it could happen to him, ...'\" Then there's the ostrich approach. \"Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,\" says Dr. Ross Cartmill. \"Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,\" Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says. \"But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.\" \n Answer: They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier life.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c8116e0016484c0cb680e06dd36bcb48",
            "input": "Article: When Lady Gaga releases a new, pleasing and easily remembered single, it quickly goes around the world. Now scientists have discovered the same thing happens with the songs of another creature----the humpback whale. The mammals become absorbed by new tunes just like people do, and the most popular original whale songs spread globally like hit singles. Male humpback whales are famed for the loud, long and complicated songs they make during the mating season. Each song lasts for 10 to 20 minutes and the males can sing nonstop for 24 hours. At any one time, all the males in a population sing the same song. But a study shows that this song changes over time and spreads around the oceans. Dr. Ellen Garland of Queensland University, said: \"Songs move like cultural communication from one population to another, causing all males to change their song to a new version.\" Researchers recorded songs from six neighboring populations of whales in the Pacific over a decade. They found that new versions of the songs appear over time and always spread from west to east. It takes two years for songs that appear in the waters off Australia to be heard in French Polynesia. Most of the new songs contain material from the previous year mixed with something new. \" It would be like getting an old Beatles song together with U2,\" she said. \" Occasionally they completely throw the current song out of the window and start singing a completely new song\". Dr. Garland believes that a small number of whales may migrate to other populations carrying the new songs with them, or that they are heard by passing whales. The researchers suspect whales adopt new songs to make themselves distinct. Dr. Garland said: \" we think this male search for new songs is in the hope of being that little bit different and perhaps more attractive to the opposite sex.\" \n Answer: The songs of humpback whales can spread globally.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b5c50654997b4a0c952878043a6671de",
            "input": "Article: My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was special. He never criticized us, but used praise to bring out our best. He'd say, \"If you pour water on flowers, they flourish . If you don't give them water, they die.\" I remember as a child I said something unkind about somebody, and my father said, \"Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it's a reflection of you.\" He explained that if I looked for the best in people, I would get the best in return. From then on I've always tried to follow the principle in my life and later in running my company. Dad's also always very understanding. At 15, I started a magazine. It was taking up a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a choice: stay in school or leave to work on my magazine. I decided to leave, and Dad tried to _ the decision at first, as any good father would. When he realized I had made up my mind, he said, \"Richard, when I was 23, my dad persuaded me to go into law. And I've always regretted it. I wanted to be a biologist, but I didn't pursue my dream. You know what you want. Go fulfill it.\" As it turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national magazine in the U.K.. My wife and I have two children, and I'd like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad raised me. \n Answer: He was a father without principles.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about the author's father?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aec6c60a60834ce5a8e157d069927845",
            "input": "Article: Watercolor is the oldest paints known. It dates back to the early cave men who discovered they could add lifelike qualities to drawings of animals and other figures on the walls of caves by mixing the natural colors found in the earth with water. Fresco , one of the greatest of all art forms, is done with watercolor. It is created by mixing paints and water and applying these to wet plaster . Of the thousands of people who stand under Michelangelo's heroic ceiling in the Sistine Chapel, very few know that they are looking at perhaps the greatest watercolor painting in the world. The invention of oil painting by the Flemish masters in the fifteenth century made fresco painting go down-hill, and for the next several centuries watercolor was used mainly for doing sketches  or as a tool for study. It was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that English painters put back watercolor as a serious art form. The English have a widely-known love for the outdoors and also small, private pictures. The softness of watercolor had a remarkably strong attraction for them. The popularity of watercolor continued to grow until in the twentieth century. The United States passed England as the center for watercolor, producing such well-known watercolor artists as Thomas Eakins and Andrew Wyeth. \n Answer: The start and development of watercolor.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57240009efbb4a639396ab014b1fe02a",
            "input": "Article: Monarch Butterflies  One of the last West Coast homes of the Monarch butterfly,a type of insect ,may soon disappear.Strangely,it is in a town that calls itself Butterfly U.S.A,Pacific Grove, California.  The  town  of Pacific Grove loves the butterflies.Every year they have a parade and hundreds of children dress up as butterflies.Monarch butterflies are the town  _ .Tourism is very important,and many people come to see the butterflies.The butterflies are good for the development of the town.  In 1981 there were so many butterflies it looked like it was raining butterflies.Tens of thousands of Monarchs stayed on tree branches near Pacific Grove.Now there are not so many. The building goes on a little bit at a time,and you don't notice it day by day.Over time,you can see that there has been a lot of development.As new buildings go up,many trees are cut down. This reduces the natural homes for the butterflies. Monarchs travel hundreds of miles each year,returning to the same woods,often to the same trees.The female Monarchs need milkweed to lay their eggs;the males will follow the females. Millions of Monarchs have traveled regularly along the same path for thousands of years.They start their trip in the mountains of Mexico and travel to the middle part of America.If the woods where the butterflies live are destroyed,the whole species could be lost.There have been Monarch butterflies along the coast of California for as long as man can remember,but no one is sure how much longer they will last. \n Answer: They give a name to Pacific Grove.",
            "output": [
                "Why are Monarch butterflies important to Pacific Grove?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e17559ef03f740d9b7d77f62f6e51f7b",
            "input": "Article: CNN news-Jan   16,2013 Protests have been going on for about a week now in the northern  Irish capital of Belfast. They Started out peacefuily , bus some of them turn violent later on. There is a lot of history behind these protests,and it starts with geography, What's interesting is that Northern Ireland is not part of the republic of Iteland. It,s part of the United Kingdom, and that's what's behind this tension, Nationalists, mostly  Catholic, think Northern Ireland should be part of the Republic of Ireland, Unionists, or Loyalists, mostly Protestants, wanted to stay part of the United Kingdom, The conflict between those two groups led to decades of violence ,and more than3,000 people were killed before a peace deal was signed in 1998,The protests happening now are connected to a decision regarding the British flahg ,In Belfast ,the capital of Northern Ireland ,the flag used to fly over City Halll every day of the year , Last month, local officials decided to limit that to 18 days per year. Unionists weren't happy about that . In some cases protesters have thrown concrete blocks, bricks, even weren't happy about that , In some cases protesters have thrown concrete blocks, bricks, even gasoline bombs at police ,Officers have responded by using water cannons to break up the protests.  Nest up ,we are heading to the capital of China , Beijing, Experts say that city has something in common with Los Angeles; smog This gray haze is hanging in the air, making things hard to see ,Yesterday, the numbers indicating smog levels were off the charts, A uthorities warn people there to stay inside, Last year nearly 700 flights were canceled at Beijing airports because of haze and smog, Officials in China say that the air quality in the capital has gotten better since Beijing hosted the 2008 Olympics, but residents say the pollution levels have gotten worse. \n Answer: Northern Ireland doesn't belong to the Republic Ireland",
            "output": [
                "What's behind the tension in Belfast?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-45ac31ad77e64f498df7af53f82ded51",
            "input": "Article: People should be warned against using mobile phones outdoors in stormy weather because they may\"be struck by lightning\",according to doctors. Three experts have described how a teenage girl was struck by lightning while using her phone in a large London park.The girl,aged 15,recovered,but a year later was still wheelchair-bound and found to be suffering complex physical and emotional problems. The girl also had a perforate eardrum on the side where she had been holding the mobile phone.She was having general recovery in Northwick Park Hospital,Middlesex. Swinda Esprit,a senior house officer, said that while the brain and muscle damage was similar to that of many lightning victims--who can experience heart attacks on being struck--the ear problems were not. She said that the damages were particularly relevant for people who might be involved in less serious lightning incidents,who might otherwise recover, but would never get their full hearing back if struck while on the phone. \"We were shocked by the damage,which is why we wanted to draw attention to it,\"Dr Esprit said.\"A year on and she still was suffering these difficult hearing.\" They added that three other cases had been reported in newspapers in China,South Korea,and Malaysia.In the Malaysian case,a sales executive was killed by lightning while talking on his phone during a thunderstorm near Kuala Lumpur. \"All these events resulted in death,\"the doctors wrote.\"This rare phenomenon is a public health issue,and education is necessary to stress the risk.\" The Australian Lightning Protection Standard recommends that metallic objects,including cordless or mobile phones,should not be carried outdoors during thunderstorms.However, \"the United States National Weather Service says on its website that both are safe to use \"because there is no direct path between you and the lightening\". Paul Taylor, of \"the Met Office'',said the ear injuries were a consequence of mobile phones being metal,and not related to radio waves. Mr. Taylor said that mobile phones should be treated as another piece of metal,similar to carrying coins or wearing rings,and people need to be warned against the possible danger. \n Answer: She had to press her ear all day.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the teenage girl?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-708cc6ec95b948b2be0c2bfa65e3a058",
            "input": "Article: My problems started after I went to a boarding  school. I was only 14, and at first I misses my family a lot. I often called them and cried on the phone. But after two weeks, I found I enjoyed being with my classmates at school. I had many friends who were boys. I thought of them as my best friends - but only friends. I never guessed my friendships with boys would become a problem. Then, three months later, my friends told me that some teachers and girls said I was hanging out with boys all day long in order to get attention from them. Seven months after that, the head teacher Mr. Wang asked the class to choose some students to join the Student Union. I thought I could win for I was doing well in school. I'd already won prizes for the best math and English exams. A week later, the list came out and it didn't include me. I was sad. Mr. Wang came to me and said, \"Don't be sad. I know you're excellent! Maybe you are a little distant from the girls in our class. They don't know much about you, so some of them didn't choose you. It doesn't matter. Do your best to get along well with everyone and I think you'll make it next time.\" \n Answer: She didn't like her new teacher.",
            "output": [
                "What was the writer's problem when she first entered the boarding school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0bfddefee56848e4aa1376511a014982",
            "input": "Article: Mother stayed at home cooking and cleaning while Father left for work. Two or more children took the bus to school. In the evening, all the family members got together at home again. This is what a traditional family was like twenty years ago. But now great changes have happened in British families. As many as 2 out of 3 marriages now end in divorce , and many children have to live with one parent and only see the other at weekends or during holidays. There has been a great increase in the number of working women with children. Many women have to work to support themselves and their children. Even in the family where there is no divorce, both parents have to work in order to survive. Also women are no longer happy to stay at home taking care of children. Many of them have jobs and some of them can even make more money than men, the traditional _ . What's more, the increasing number of single-parent families have caused an increase in the crime rate   among children in a way. It is thought that if a child doesn't have a father, he or she will be harmed. However the changes may be good for some people. For women it's now much easier to have well-paid jobs. Although it is difficult to be a working mother, it is no longer seen as a bad thing for children. As for some children, they learn how to solve problems by themselves at an early age. \n Answer: A family had only one child.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE about a traditional family in Britain twenty years ago?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1d70059d92104086897e5de93ffff9f9",
            "input": "Article: Following Christmas dinner,my family was relaxing around the kitchen table.The goodcooking smells still stayed.My sister,our chef, was enjoying the compliments.\"Delicious meal!\"\"Everything was wonderful.\"Dad had risen from his chair and was contentedly standing nearby.    My nephew,never one to sit still for too long,began playing his new basketball around the table and throughout the kitchen.Upon nearing Dad,he stopped----almost uncertainly.With shaking,wrinkled hands,Dad had reached out for the ball.He did not speak,and the boy,confused,looked up and over at us.It took some convincing,but the ball was lightly passedover.    I watched my father closely to see what he would do.A playful smile appeared on his face.Holding the ball and reaching forward,Dad bounced it on the floor then caught it.This action was repeated.Nodding approvingly,he then turned towards our assembled group.Gently throwing the ball away,Dad began a game of catch.    The ball continued to be passed though eager pairs of outstretched hands.Cries of\"Over here!\"rang through the warm kitchen.Dad's active participation in this game was remarkable to me,since he had advanced Alzheimer's disease.This disease had robbed him of many memories and the recognition of people,places mid points in time.     In my younger years,playing with Dad was rare.To his credit,Dad worked hard and provided for us.He was very private and never showed nor shared much emotion.His game of choice was chess,which he did eventually teach me how to play.As an adult,I had become a caregiver and watched helplessly as Dad declined.Connecting moments between father and son had been few and far before he took the basketball.     I'm not sure how long we played catch.What I do know is that our game ended all too soon,and it was time to face the reality of dirty dishes piled high on countertops.The moment,though,will certainly last forever.On this Christmas,Dad gave me a special memory--one that I will always treasure. \n Answer: Amazed.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel on his father's active participation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-56c6c890155d4ecabfc8bdde1ed9815b",
            "input": "Article: To communicate well with other people,you must learn to speak well,right? Yes,but speaking isn't everything.Some experts say that only thirty percent of communication comes from talking.Your gestures and other non-verbal actions matter,too.But in different cultures,the same action can have different meanings. When you have to meet someone from a different culture,be prepared.Do you know what kind of gestures and customs are appropriate ? _  In many Western cultures,men stand up before they are introduced to someone important.Standing up shows politeness and respect.After that,somepne usually offers to shake hands. But in the east,typical introductions often begin and end with bowing rather than shaking hands.Sometimes even a small nod  of the head is enough.Some Westerners visiting Asia misunderstand shaking hands as a sign of unfriendliness.Such a mistake could be harmful to the start of a new frienship. \n Answer: If you don't know the culture of a country , you will not misunderstand the gesture.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage,which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d55b672eaa8446469267d28c369fff67",
            "input": "Article: Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existence, it's nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus, much less stand up and offer his seat to her. This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued by young men, who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with courtesy , ) and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rat race like anyone else. Women have never claimed to be physically as strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should be shown to the old, the sick and the burdened. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves \"First come, first severed\", while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child stands? Yet this is all too often seen. Older people, tired and quick-tempered from a day's work, are not angels, either-far from it. Many a brisk argument or an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary queues push and shove each other to get on buses and tubes. One cannot commend this, of course, but on does feel there is just a little more excuse. If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems imperative , not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistant's won't bother to assist, taxi drivers growl at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conductors pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration . \n Answer: Special consideration ought to be shown to them.",
            "output": [
                "What is the writer's opinion concerning courteous manners towards women?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-22845e5e230c49fcbd8648607c801507",
            "input": "Article: The Dangers of Dieting Thanks to our modern lifestyle, with more and more time spent sitting down in front of computers than ever before, the number of overweight people is at a new high. As people crazily search for a solution to this problem, they often try some of the popular fad  diets being offered. Many people see fad diets as harmless ways of losing weight, and they are grateful to have them. Unfortunately, not only don't fad diets usually do the trick, but they can actually be dangerous for your health. Although permanent weight loss is the goal, few are able to achieve it. Experts estimate that 95 percent of dieters return to their starting weight, or even add weight. While the irresponsible or unwise use of fad diets can bring some initial results, long-term results are very rare.[:**] Nonetheless, people who are bored with the difficulties of changing their eating habits often turn to fad diets. Rather than being moderate, fad diets involve extreme dietary changes. They advise eating only one type of food, or they prohibit other types of foods entirely. This results in a situation where a person's body doesn't get all the vitamins and other things that it needs to stay healthy. One popular fad diet recommends eating lots of meat and animal products, while nearly eliminating carbohydrates . A scientific study from Britain found that this diet is very high in fat. According to the study, the increase of damaging fats in the blood can lead to heart disease and, in extreme cases, kidney failure. Furthermore, diets that are too low in carbohydrates can cause the body to use its own muscle for energy. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up, and the result is slower weight loss. Veteran  dieters may well ask at this point, \"What is the ideal diet?\" Well, to some extent, it depends on the individual. A United States government agency has determined that to change your eating habits requires changing your psychology of eating, and everyone has a different psychology. That being said, the British study quoted above recommends a diet that is high in carbohydrates and high in fiber, with portions of fatty foods kept low. According to the study, such a diet is the best for people who want to stay healthy, lose weight, and keep that weight off. And, any dieting program is best undertaken with a doctor's supervision. \n Answer: They gain the weight back again.",
            "output": [
                "After losing weight by dieting, what usually happens to people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ddfe7732466d4e4c8027aec0e7cc539c",
            "input": "Article: A German company was concerned about talks in Moscow trying to sell some 100 million dollars worth of equipment to a Russian State company. Talks went smoothly but differences remained. So Martin Bayer himself, the CEO of the German Company, decided to come to Moscow to head the talks. Besides caring about his business, the CEO wanted to go to Russia to hunt bears. Martin Bayer was one of the greatest hunters of our time (and the Russians knew about it). He went to the Sahara more than hundred times and hunted lions, crocodiles; he hunted polar bears in the North Pole and tigers in the rain forests of India. But he had never hunted Russian bears. So the Russians decided to organize a bear hunt for Mr. Bayer to sweeten the talks. This wasn't a simple task. Some people in the west still believe that bears may be found and seen everywhere in Russian cities just like squirrels may be seen in our back yards. This is not true. The closest place one may find bears in the wild is maybe 2,500 miles away from Moscow. However, a solution was quickly found. The Russian businessmen went to Moscow Circus and for $2,000 bought a very old bear. This bear used to amuse and amaze audiences in many countries for 30 years, but got and looked too old, and was retired. \"Be careful, the Russian bears are very dangerous, and frightening,\" they told to Mr. Bayer. \"If compared to the Russian bears, your African lions are nothing more than harmless cats.\" The bear was brought to a forest 50 miles from Moscow and was left there. Mr. Bayer was told that bears were plentiful in that forest and that many cattle and even people had been eaten in the surrounding villages. Meanwhile, an 18-year old female drove through the forest on a motorcycle and suddenly saw a bear (no bears had been seen in those places for 200 years). She was frightened, fell, left her helmet and her motorcycle and ran away. Mr. Bayer was excited and ready to hunt. This could become the most successful part of his extraordinary hunting experience. The next moment Mr. Bayer saw a bear in a helmet driving on a motorcycle through the forest in front of him. The bear had a happy expression on his face, as he was doing something he had been doing in the circus for 30 years: circling on a motorcycle! Mr. Bayer lives in a private mental institution near Hamburg happily ever after. The equipment was never sold to Russia. It was sold to Iraq instead. \n Answer: There was a bear in Moscow Circus.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the Russians invite Mr. Bayer to hunt bears?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dab3a1260d924704a41db8739207e07a",
            "input": "Article: Days after celebrations honoring his bicentennial  , Abraham Lincoln kept his rank as best US president, according to a survey of 65 historians that landed George W. Bush 36th out of 42 overall.   Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865), the first US president George Washington (1789-1797) and New Deal architect Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) were ranked the top three out of the 42 men who have been the country's former chiefs, according to a survey by cable channel C-SPAN.   John F. Kennedy came in sixth, ahead of Ronald Reagan (10th) and Bill Clinton, who jumped to 15th from 21st during the last survey in 2000, when prefix = st1 /Lincolnalso ranked first.   Of all modern presidents, Bush, who left office last month after an eight-year term, behaved worst at 36th, nearly 10 spots behind Richard Nixon (27th), who was forced to resign in disgrace in consequence of the Watergate Scandal  .   Bush scored lowest in international relations, where he ranked 41st, and in economic management, where he placed 40th. His best ranking was 24th, in having \"pursued equal justice for all.\" He came 25thin crisis leadership, and for his vision and agenda setting.   Reagan behaved well in public persuasion, where he was pushed to 3rd spot, from his 10th place overall.   Bill Clinton also received honors for his public persuasion, landing a 10th spot in that category, up from 15th overall. But presidential historians were critical of his moral authority, placing him 37th, ahead of Richard Nixon (41st), but behind Bush (35th).   Jimmy Carter fell from 22nd to 25th overall, and many other presidents moved positions. The fluidity   of opinions of past presidents reflects contemporary concerns, according to Edna Medford, a survey leader and participant.   \"Today's concerns shape our views of the past, he it in the area of foreign policy, managing the economy or human rights,\" she said in a statement.   Presidents James Buchanan, Andrew Johnson, Franklin Pierce and William Henry Harrison ranked worst overall. \n Answer: Pursuit of equal justice for all.",
            "output": [
                "In which of the following does George W. Bush rank highest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a68c64ae7104401197c33c927453ec93",
            "input": "Article: It's not just adults who have a thing or two to discuss with other people, babies too have their own social lives and enjoy group interaction, according to a world-first study.     The breakthrough study conducted by psychologist Professor Ben Bradley, at Charles Sturt University, could completely transform the way child-care centres are set up. In their study, the researchers examined groups of nine-month-old babies in New South Wales and Britain.     And they came across astounding  results. It was found that infants had \"social brains\" and focused not just on their mothers but on social life in groups as well.     \"They communicate with more than one baby at once, and show jealousy and generousness,\" said Professor Bradley.      He added, \"They develop their own meanings through group interaction, they notice if a group member is behaving differently and they take on roles, such as leaders and followers.\" \"A baby who has a depressed mother tends to be withdrawn (  ), but put that same baby in a group of its peers   and they behave and interact like any other baby.\" It was the first all-baby group study ever to be conducted. \"Most studies of babies concentrate on the infant-mother relationship, assuming that is the single foundation for mental health, but babies are constantly involved with groups of people other than their mothers, fathers, siblings, grandparents and those taking care. Therefore, the mother-baby approach needs to be combined with a group approach,\" said Bradley. Phoebe Christison, a child-care worker at Camperdown Sunshine Bubs in Sydney's inner west, said she often noticed what appeared to be emotional attachments developed between toddlers. She said, \"Joel ( 10 months ) and Isabella ( 11 months ) always like to hold hands when they sit in their high chairs and eat. And babies definitely show jealousy. They push and touch each other, and copy what the other is doing.\" \n Answer: It's the first study to look at all-baby groups.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about the study is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-04876a8116524f5facc2c3163ac7456d",
            "input": "Article: I left home to support my sister in her efforts to present a music festival. She lives on the other side of the world, and I went to visit her, not wanting to leave and feeling like I was leaving home against my will. However, I wanted to show her my support because she is my only sister. So I boarded the plane in mid-August, and hated the long flight. I arrived, tired and hungry. I had left my husband of 2 years, alone, in our old New Orleans house. I was all set and ready to perform for my sister for the music festival on Sunday morning when I received a call from Chicago. The hurricane was predicted to hit our city, and many people had already _ , but my husband chose to stay behind. He could not get a call to me on the other side of the world, but he could call his cousin in Chicago. He gave his cousin a message for me, that he would be just fine, and not to worry. As the day wore on, I finally took the stage in front of hundreds of Europeans, and I realized, thanks to CNN, that New Orleans was under water. I performed, hoping that my husband would survive. And I performed perfectly. The audience stood and applauded. I left the stage and went straight to the TV. I saw the street sign near my home, of Humanity Street, but nothing below it, except water. In the days that followed, I found out that my house, my car, my clothes, my furniture, everything that I'd left behind was gone...but not my husband. He survived by riding on the rear bumper  of a VW bus, holding on to the overhead luggage rack, in the pouring rain, down the highway from New Orleans, half-way to Baton Rouge. The rest of the journey was a long walk, but he survived. By the first week of September, I flew back to the Baton Rouge airport, and hugged my husband. Since then, our relationship has grown deeper; we have completely rebuilt our house, bought a new car, bought new furniture and new clothes and joined an inspirational, spirit-filled community. \n Answer: To attend a music festival.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author leave home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a826ccdb7cd84c5bb456054382496d43",
            "input": "Article: One summer I was driving from my hometown of Tahoe City,Calif.,to New Orleans.In the middle of the desert, I came upon a young man standing by the roadside. He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. I drove right by him.There was a time in the country when you'd be considered a jerk if you passed by somebody in need. Now you are a fool for helping. With gangs, drug addicts, murderers, rapists, thieves lurking everywhere, \"I don't want to get involved\" has become a national motto. Several states later I was still thinking about the hitchhiker.Leaving him stranded in the desert did not bother me so much.What bothered me was how easily I had reached the decision.I never even lifted my foot off the accelerator. Does anyone stop any more? I wondered.I recalled Blanche DuBois's famous line:\"I have always depended on the kindness of strangers\". Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days? One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the goodwill of his fellow Americans.What kind of Americans would he find? Who would feed him, shelter him,carry him down the road? The idea intrigued me. The week I turned 37,I realized that I had never taken a gamble in my life.So I decided to travel from the Pacific to the Atlantic without a penny.It would be a cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar.I would only accept offers of rides, food and a place to rest my head.My final destination would be Cape Fear in North Carolina,a symbol of all the fears I'd have to conquer during the trip. I rose early on September 6, 1994, and headed for the Golden Gate Bridge with a 50pound pack on my back and a  sign displaying my destination to passing vehicles:\"America\". For six weeks I hitched 82 rides and covered 4,223 miles  across 14 states.As I traveled, folks were always warning me  about someplace else.In Montana they told me to watch out for  the cowboys in Wyoming; in Nebraska they said people would not  be as nice in Iowa. Yet I was treated with kindness everywhere I went.I was amazed by people's readiness to help a stranger, even  when it seemed to run contrary to their own best interests. \n Answer: Because he was afraid of being tricked.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author drive past the young man in the desert without stopping?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ef73f3fe081041cbad6e74d66969cf4c",
            "input": "Article: Herta Muller, the Romanianborn German writer, has won the 2009 Nobel Prize for Literature.The award was announced in Stockholm. Ms Muller, 56, immigrated to Germany from Romania in 1987.She is the first German writer to win the Nobel Prize for literature since Gunter Grass in 1999 and the 13th winner writing in German since the prize was first given in 1901.She is the 12th woman to get the literature prize. But unlike Doris Leasing and V.S.Naipaul, Ms Muller is relatively unknown outside literary circles in Germany.\"I am very surprised and still cannot believe it,\" Ms Muller said in a statement in Germany.\"I can't say anything more at the moment.\" She has written about 20 books, but just five have been translated into English, including the novels \"The Land of Green Plums\" and \"The Appointment\". At a news conference at the German Publishers and Booksellers Association in Berlin, where she lives, Ms Muller, wearing all black and sitting on a big chair, appeared overwhelmed by all the cameras in her face.She spoke of the 30 years she spent under a dictatorship, describing \"living with fear in the morning that in the evening one would no longer exist\". When asked what it meant that her name would now be mentioned at the same moment as German greats like Thomas Mann and Heinrich Bll, Ms Muller remained calm.\"I am now nothing better and I'm nothing worse,\" she said.\"My inner thing is writing.That's what I can _ and if nothing special happens, I will never give up.\" Earlier in the day, at a news conference in Stockholm, Peter Englund,secretary of the Swedish Academy, said Ms Muller was honored for her \"very, very special language\" and because \"she has really a story to tell about...and growing up as a stranger in your own family.\" \n Answer: She is the first German writer to win the Nobel Prize for literature in the 21\nstcentury.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about Ms Muller is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8501867919304360941887468ecbe55c",
            "input": "Article: Phones make our lives easier. Usually they are a convenient type of technology to have around because they can help us communicate with all types of people for any reason whatsoever.  As long as somebody else has a phone, you can contact them. This means you can keep in touch with friends and family, contact businesses, and generally communicate with people no matter where they are. Sometimes, however, phones can cause problems or be an annoyance. One phenomenon that is dreaded in the United States is telemarketing. Telemarketers call your phone in order to try and convince you to buy their products. They often start the conversation with a friendly voice or tone to try and convince you they can be trusted. Once most people realize they are talking to a telemarketer, they will end the conversation as quickly as possible.  Some will be polite and make up an excuse to end the conversation. Others are less tactful and criticize the telemarketer, yell at them, or simply hang up the phone. Although most people don't buy things from telemarketers, a few people do, so telemarketers keep on calling. If you have a phone in America you most likely have received a call from a telemarketer. To avoid telemarketers some people buy new technology.  \"Caller ID\" allows you to see the number that is calling your phone before you answer. If you do not recognize the name and number of a caller you can simply ignore the call. Unfortunately there usually is no way to tell if an unknown number is somebody important, but unknown, or a telemarketer.  Even though technology can help some people eschew annoying telemarketers, they can't be avoided altogether. \n Answer: They allow people to communicate with whomever they want whenever they want.",
            "output": [
                "Why do phones make people's lives easier?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ed8e01901216456c9efa8f5a58afc74e",
            "input": "Article: \"Hey, Jenna, do you think we'll still be friends when we're eighty-two?\" I asked my friend.It was clear that she was wondering where I had come up with such a question.Losing Jenna would be like losing a very close sister.We hung out together.We gave each other advice. \"Of course, we'll still be friends when we're eighty-two.\" Jenna announced loudly. The next year, in the fourth grade, we met Jamie.The three of us soon became close friends.We played together almost every day.I thought even time couldn't pull us apart, but I was sadly mistaken. The three of us started fighting a lot.Before Christmas, we had a really big fight, and Jamie and Jenna were against me, both saying _ .I felt helpless and lonely.I thought Christmas would be horrible! I was surprised when Jenna came to my house and gave me an awesome Christmas card she had made for me.I was so sure that she was still disappointed with me. \"Wow, \" I said, breaking the silence as we stood on either side of my front door.\"Thanks.\" \"Okay...well...I have to go,\" she said softly. \"Okay.See you later then...\" and I closed the door. \"Who was that at the door?\" my mum asked. The card started off with \"Merry Christmas\", but then it said, \"I am so glad we're friends.I am sorry about what I said when we were fighting.A fight won't stop us from being friends.Besides, we said we were going to be friends even when we're eight-two.\" I stopped reading and started laughing.I couldn't believe I had forgotten what she said that day in her backyard.I couldn't believe I had been so selfish in making my friends feel sorry for me that I had forgotten about real friendship. \n Answer: They would be close friends again.",
            "output": [
                "How would the author and Jenna get along with each other after Christmas?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb30b8de1ef94e14aa0c546e24e735c0",
            "input": "Article: It was on her 14th birthday that her first book ,In the Forest of the Night, was accepted for publication. It was a huge success gaining the attention of millions of young readers. At 16, her second novel,Demon in My View, also reached the bookstores. Several books later, the teenage author still works away in her room, surrounded by shelves full of dark tales about vampires  and witches. Amelia Atwater - Rhodes is widely seen as America's finest teen writer and was named one of Teen People's \"20 Teens Who Will Change the World.\" Born in 1984, she began making up stories when she was about three years old. \"I never stopped and said, 'I want to write',\" Amelia remembers. \"I loved stories and created stories before I was old enough to know how to write them down.\" In her family, reading was basic and fun. \"My parents encouraged me to read -- and to read anything I wanted, so long as I was reading,\" she said. \"They never restricted what I read. Later, when I started writing, they never criticized what I did or said I was 'too young'. They never said it was impossible for me to achieve what I have.\" In her short but successful career, Amelia has tried different styles. But vampires were the first characters to really come alive in her work. From _ she has developed a whole world, one which she always enjoys learning more about. As a published teen writer, Amelia's advice to other teens who dream of being authors is: just do it! \"I believe anything is possible. Don't give up your dreams just because you fear failure. Getting a book published is difficult, but if I can do it, others can too. \" \n Answer: Reading widely helped her a lot in her career.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about Amelia Atwater - Rhodes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa10fcc9b8834638ae1a0acd20987648",
            "input": "Article: Mother Teresa was born in Yugoslavia, on August 27th, 1910. She attended the government school near her home until she was eighteen. At that time, some doctors and nurses from Yugoslavia were working in India, and they often wrote to the school about their work. She decided to join them one day. When she finished school, she went first to Britain. Then a year later she went to India, where she began to train to be a teacher. After training, she was sent to Calcutta, where she taught geography at a school and soon after became headmistress . However, although she loved teaching, in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school and went to work in the poor parts of Calcutta. Later she trained to be a nurse in Panta, and then began her work helping the poor and comforting the dying in the streets of the city. Slowly, others came to help her, and her work spread to other parts of India. Mother Teresa is now a well-known person. Many photos have been taken of her, as she travels the world to open new schools and hospitals in poor countries. In 1979, she was given the Nobel Peace Prize for the lifetime of love and service she has given to the poor. \n Answer: The work of the nurse in the city of Panta.",
            "output": [
                "What first inspired Mother Teresa to work in India?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6dce595f0c83407fb6904de4d90b1360",
            "input": "Article: Chinese police arrested around 8,500 suspects in more than 4,500 environment-related criminal cases in 2014, as the country waged war against pollution, the leader of the Chinese environment authorities, Chen said. Environmental authorities handed more than 2,000 cases of suspected environmental law violations  to the police, more than double the figure for the past 10 years combined. Close to 3,400 companies and 3,700 construction sites were also found to have violated environment laws  and more than 3,100 workshops were closed following air quality inspections by Ministry of Environmental Protection ( MEP) officials and drones , Chen said. The announcement came as a result of long lasting heavy smog in Beijing and the neighboring Tianjin and  Hebei province for the better part of a week. The next step is to further optimize  the country's industry, and energy structure and cut back one missions  of air pollutants, Chen said. Authorities will go on cutting back on outdated factories this year, shut down l,000 small coal mines, improve the quality of coal on the market, guarantee stable supply of natural gas, and promote the use of clean energy and energy-saving buildings. Chen said efforts will also be made to improve the evaluation of governments' carrying out of air pollution control measures, deepen regional  cooperation, step up technological research and sharpen laws and regulations in the field, to make polluters nay the \"unaffordable price\". Chen said environmental authorities would \"bring new tools introduced in the law into full play, conduct more secret inspections and seek heavier punishment for companies guilty of illegal emissions and those which deliberately change pollution data. \" Government officials who overlook their duties or abuse their power will be examined in line with law, he said. \n Answer: About 100.",
            "output": [
                "How many cases were handed to the police by environmental authorities each year in the past 10 years?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9f4b1d7d8acf44358b0cd42256fcb2c3",
            "input": "Article: Kendall Ciesemier says she's like any other schoolgirl. She keeps herself busy with school, friends and family. There is one thing, though. Not many other 14-year-olds can say they run a successful charity helping children in Africa. In three years, the eighth-grader from the US has raised $100,000 for African AIDS orphans  .         Kendall knew she had to help the children of Sub-Saharan Africa once their terrible situation was shown on The Oprah Winfrey Show. \"I could not imagine how I would go through such a hard time that they would have to go through,\" Kendall says. She took $360 of her own savings to help a little girl from Zambia that same night.       That was just the start. Kendall sold bread and soft drinks with her classmates at her school to raise more money. She also sold \"Bow-Wow Bling Bling\" dog necklaces to raise more. The money helps children pay for things like shoes and school uniforms. Kendall says, \"A uniform to go to school costs $10. Ten dollars. Here, it's not a lot of money, but there, that means too much money. I mean, it could change a whole kid's life.\"      Kendall has had her own health struggles. She was born with a disease called biliary atresia  , and had two liver transplants   in 2004. \"I'm just a girl who wants to help those kids who are in trouble,\" said Kendall. \n Answer: Surprised.",
            "output": [
                "How did Kendall feel when she watched The Oprah Winfrey Show?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dad8baa5d9f64f33a5307950bc7909c6",
            "input": "Article: Hacking our senses to boost learning power Some schools are pumping music, noises and pleasant smells into the classroom to see if it improves exam results. Could it work? Why do songs stick in our heads? What does your school smell like? Is it noisy or peaceful? It might not seem important, but a growing body of research suggests that smells and sounds can have an impact on learning, performance and creativity. Indeed, some head teachers have recently taken to broadcasting noises and pumping smells into their schools to see whether it can boost grades. Is there anything in it? And if so, what are the implications for the way we work and study? There is certainly some well-established research to suggest that some noises can have a harmful effect on learning. Numerous studies over the past 15 years have found that children attending schools under the flight paths of large airports fall behind in their exam results. Bridget Shield, a professor of acoustics   at London South Bank University, and Julie Dockrell, from the Institute of Education, have been conducting studies on the effects of all sorts of noises, such as traffic and sirens  , as well as noise generated by the children themselves. When they recreated those particular sounds in an experimental setting while children completed various learning tasks, they found a significant negative effect on exam scores. \"Everything points to a bad impact of the noise on children's performance, in numeracy, in literacy, and in spelling,\" says Shield. The noise seemed to have an especially harmful effect on children with special needs. Whether background sounds are beneficial or not seems to depend on what kind of noise it is -- and the volume. In a series of studies published last year, Ravi Mehta from the College of Business at Illinois and his colleagues tested people's creativity while exposed to a soundtrack made up of background noises -- such as coffee-shop chatter and construction-site drilling -- at different volumes. They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low. Loud background noise, however, damaged their creativity. Many teachers all over the world already play music to students in class. Many are inspired by the belief that hearing music can boost IQ in later tasks, the so-called Mozart effect. While the evidence actually suggests it's hard to say classical music boosts brainpower, researchers do think pleasant sounds before a task can sometimes lift your mood and help you perform well, says Perham, who has done his own studies on the phenomenon. The key appears to be that you enjoy what you're hearing. \"If you like the music or you like the sound -- even listening to a Stephen King novel -- then you do better. It doesn't matter about the music,\" he says. So, it seems that schools that choose to prevent disturbing noises and create positive soundscapes could enhance the learning of their students, so long as they make careful choices. Yet this isn't the only sense being used to affect learning. Special educational needs students at Sydenham high school in London are being encouraged to revise different subjects in the presence of different smells -- grapefruit scents for maths, lavender for French and spearmint for history. \n Answer: Children with special needs might be exposed to some particular sounds.",
            "output": [
                "What does the conclusion of the studies of noise conducted by Bridget Shield and Julie Dockrell suggest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c80dcfc26f7b45ae9ef1cdbca33901f4",
            "input": "Article: Getting too little sleep or not spending enough time in rapid eye movement(REM) sleep is connected with being overweight  among children, according to a new study.    For three nights, researchers studied the sleep patterns of 335 young people, aged 7 to 17. They looked at total sleep time, time spent in REM, time it took to fall asleep. Body-mass index  was checked at the start of the study, and 45 persons in the research were overweight, while 49 were at risk of becoming overweight.    Compared to normal-weight children, those who were overweight slept about 22 minutes less per night and didn't sleep as well as them, which means shorter REM sleep, less eye activity during REM sleep, and a longer wait before the first REM period.    After more research, the researchers concluded that one hour less of total sleep was connected a double increased risk of being overweight. One hour less of REM sleep was connected with a three times increased risk. Although the reasons are still being researched, the relationship between short sleep duration  and overweight may be the result of behavioral and biological changes, which are caused by sleep loss, wrote Dr. Xianchen Liu of the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic in Pittsburgh and his colleagues.    They explained that sleep loss causes changes in hormone  levels that may have an effect on hunger, and less sleep also means a person has more waking hours in which to eat. Sleep loss also leads to tiredness the following day, which may lead to less physical activity and fewer calories burned. \n Answer: Researchers find ways to prevent children from becoming overweight.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f9782536cff4a0d8e8ea616297674c6",
            "input": "Article: It was September of 2003 and I was struggling to find work after experiencing downsizing  . I had fallen on some of the grandest challenges of my life. I found myself sitting in my house constantly worried. I decided to force myself to find some volunteer work to occupy my thoughts. The first place I sought out was the Arizona Humane Society. It offered me a program, \"Equestrian Therapy Program\" ,whose mission is to build self-esteem and confidence in children who have been through difficult times in their lives. Being with animals was the only time I truly felt 1 had a place in the world. But I had never been around a horse in my life. I found myself a little apprehensive during my first day--being around such large strong animals was much harder than the three cats I'm accustomed to caring for. I found that I wasn't different during my first day around these fantastic creatures from the kids who came into the program. But there is a strange transformation when one is around horses. I found myself playing the role of student, observer, teacher, mentor, worker, friend, and companion; not only to the kids,but to the horses and staff! Before long, I was good at handling the horses and kids and having a grand time working with human and animal elements equally. I realize this experience has helped me to develop my horizons in ways I never thought likely. I started this wanting to give others help and realized in doing so I was the one who really benefited the most. 1 believe the companionship and peace that comes from working with our animal brothers is something that can and will make the world a better place! \n Answer: To improve his state of mind.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author want to do some volunteer work?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d498986e52f14eeb91ff69f0ba754154",
            "input": "Article: Picky eaters may have good reasons for their behaviour. No matter why your child has become picky, how you handle the situation can affect his or her future. Therefore, you should know the following reasons for picky children first of all.  _ is common in children; it often happens at the dinner table. Some children just refuse to try new food because they don't know what it will taste like, while others dislike new food before even smelling it. Some children take it to the extreme  and will only eat a few foods that they like. Psychologist Dr. Elizabeth Capaldi says that, by the time children reach the age of two, they have formed their own eating habits that they don't want to be disturbed by new offerings at the table. A newly published study led by Dr. Lucy Cooke of University College London showed that picky eating in children results from genetic  and environmental causes. The research, which followed the eating habits of 5,390 pairs of twins between the ages of 8 and 11, found that about 75% of the neophobia in the children was from their parents, while 25% was due to the influence of environment. Children grow at a high speed during their first year, but that fast-paced growth tends to slow down by their second year. When children are not experiencing one of those fast growth periods, their body needs less energy; and that results in a smaller appetite . When children are not hungry, they tend to enjoy only food they like. They refuse new food and food that is not their favourite. Some children will limit the amount of food to only one kind, like hamburgers or pancakes, leaving all the other foods untouched. In some cases, many real reasons why a child behaves as a picky eater exist. About 5% of children who are 10 years of age or younger have some type of neurological dysfunction  that influences their eating habits. These children may be easily hurt by some special smells, or their brain may not be able to process such sensory information properly. \n Answer: It suggested that parents should have good eating habits.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the study led by Dr. Cooke?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3ee31c01d22e45558f08afb999a98c13",
            "input": "Article: TS said that everyone has a changing circle of friends. However, no matter how frequently we renew our phone books, some names always remain. These names remind us of the good times we spent together with our friends. Though we may not see them every  day, they will always stay in our hearts. Tom was often called \"Big Head\" at school because of his extraordinarily large head. He was one of my close friends at primary school. But since graduation, we have been studying in different cities and haven't seen each other for a long time. Several days ago, I received an e-mail saying that my former classmates from primary school were holding a party to get together and chat about past memories. I was so excited because [ would get to see Tom again. What would he look like now? Would we still feel as close to each other as we had done back then? I was a little frightened about what I would find. When I arrived at the party, I did manage to recognize Tom. However, he was much taller than he had been before. What's more, his head was no longer big. \"Hi, Buddy. Do you recognize me?\" Tom walked towards me. \"Of course. How could I ever forget our ' Big Head' ,\" I said jokingly, \"But where has your big head gone?\" \"Haha, maybe it didn't keep up with the steps of time and stayed in the past,\" Tom patted his own head and answered with a laugh. All my _ suddenly disappeared. I realized that time had changed us outwardly, but our friendship hadn't changed at all. I chatted happily with Tom about our shared experiences in primary school. Then I looked around the small room and saw different faces, both familiar and unfamiliar, but none of them the faces of strangers. The whole party was filled with a warm atmosphere. Everyone was lost in the sweet memories of childhood. They forgot all their present-day stresses and pressures. \"Hey, what are you thinking about? Come and get some pizza!\" A call from a friend woke me up from my thoughts. I hurried towards the table. \"Wait! That biggest piece is mine!\" \n Answer: Because our circle of friends will not change.",
            "output": [
                "Why are some names always in our phone books?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b86b878211394991bcf11ea075a69dbd",
            "input": "Article: Beach volleyball  is one of those sports that can be an exciting game to play and watch. It's really easy, and all you need is sand, a net and a group of people, of any age or fitness level, who want to have fun. Beach volleyball can be played with as few as two people in each team, making a total of four people. However, if you are less skilled and experienced in the game, it will be easier to play with a larger team. The more players you have, the less ground each person will be responsible for covering and the more time they will have to recover between shots. If you only have a few players, each of you will get a lot of running for the ball after each volley  . If you are looking for a relaxing, fun, low-key experience, choose larger teams. Beach volleyball is similar to regular volleyball in its rules. However, even experienced volleyball players do not realize how much more difficult it is to run and jump on sand. Since it is harder to move quickly on sand than a hard surface, play will be much slower than regular volleyball on a court. When an athlete trains for beach volleyball, he will focus on building lower body strength as well as upper body strength. Strengthening his legs is extremely important. This improves the player's ability to move quickly and accurately on sand despite the resistance. The ability to jump high and land without injury is necessary for beach volleyball players. Whether you are in it for the competition, or just to have a great time with your friends, beach volleyball can be extremely exciting and fun. You may start out with friends and may soon fall in love with the sport. \n Answer: Playing in an 11-person team.",
            "output": [
                "When playing beach volleyball, in which of the following situation will you feel most relaxed?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9da795331fa4d8b9efdbb7ae10b6b57",
            "input": "Article: In less than 60 years the people of my tribe have gone from being an independent nation, to cultural prisoners, to welfare recipients   . Is it any wonder that there are so many problems facing indigenous   Australians today? When I was growing up in Kowanyama there were 15 people in my class, I am the only one who has gone to university. I'm also the only girl in my class who did not have a child at 15. Of the boys in my class, seven have been incarcerated, two for murder, five for robbery and rape. Only three of us are not alcoholics. Four of my classmates have committed suicide. Life as a young aborigine is not easy, in any setting. The story of my fellow students is a lesson in the magnitude of the problems that young indigenous people in Cape York face. The two issues that are central to changing this story are education and health. There is a huge gap between what we get in communities and what other kids get in cities. One of the problems facing education in remote indigenous schools is that teachers tend to be just out of training and stay for only a year or two. Not one teacher stayed for the whole of my nine years at school--not even the principals. This seeming lack of commitment makes you feel they don't care. We need to review the curriculum in these communities because it is pitched at a very low level. I have had to draw the conclusion that governments and educationalists see us as less than white people. Education should be uplifting, not serve to reinforce lack of self-esteem and the heart-wrenching low expectations that our race suffer from. We need a massive reassessment of,education policies and an equally massive investment in education. We have spent so long listening to some white fellows telling us we are stupid, lazy no-hopers that the majority of my people actually believe it. The relationship between poor education and poor health is clear. People whose self-esteem and pride have been destroyed by a substandard education system and a social system that creates an addiction to passive welfare have little reason to live healthy lives. Our health is getting worse. The policies that determine the delivery of health services are deeply flawed by a bureaucracy   that does not want to hear our voices. Health services are often confined to the clinic. It is problems and challenges such as these that led me to stand in last October's ATSIC election. ATSITC is more than the board of commissioners and the Canberra bureaucracy. ATSIC is also people who are from community and work hard for community. We recognize that governments cannot solve our problems for us. As young people we are trying to take responsibility for our future. I ask the Prime Minister, not that he fixes these problems for us but that he and his Government see us as equal partners in the huge task of rebuilding our families, communities and Cape York Peninsula. He demonstrated his commitment by engaging his Government at the family and domestic violence summit. My view is that the level of domestic violence and child abuse sums up all that has been wrong with Aboriginal policy. .We need a new relationship to address this frightening reality in our lives. Aboriginal people are reluctant to admit that young girls and women are being raped by their own people because of the blanket of shame.              * I am asking you to help lift that blanket. I stand here as a proud Aboriginal woman, a Kokoberra woman as well as a criminologist, and I thank you for your time and attention. Tania Major, 22, is an ATSIC regional councilor and a trainee manager at her home community of Kowanyama on Cape York. This is an edited version of an address she is scheduled to give at a meeting between the Prime Minister and Cape York leaders (full text at smh. com. an). \n Answer: Humorous",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words can best describe Tania's tone?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1f14e0eb7f6945828d53fc7399d9866c",
            "input": "Article: A Robot Fish has been developed by National University of Singapore's researchers from the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering.This robot fish has movements which have been inspired by the movements of the carp . There are various purposes that it can be used for.It can help in underwater archaeology (  ).For example, it can enter a sunken city where human divers cannot enter.Just like a fish , it can also look at all the comers of particular wreckage.This robot can also be used for general purposes such as detection of leakages in a pipeline or for laying down communication cables across oceans.It also has possible military uses. In order to copy carp movements, Mr.Fan studied the movements of the fish for around 3 months.He studied all the different movements of carp using different cameras and then converted these movements mathematically to transfer this data to the robot using many actuators . Professor Xu commented on the robot that the current models that copy fish movements are capable only of 2D movements which limits their capability as they are not able to dive into water.He said that his model is the first model with 3D movements which allows it to dive as well as float with the help of its fins, just as a normal fish would do.Hence, this fish model robot has much greater movement capability.It would be much harder for enemies to detect as compared to traditional ones when used for military purposes. The researches want to make their robot fish even smaller, more realistic while adding more sensors such as GPS and video camera to it.This will improve its autonomous 3D movement.They are also planning to test the fish by giving it more difficult tasks such as detecting various objects. \n Answer: It cannot dive into water.",
            "output": [
                "Which is NOT true about the 3D Robot Fish?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-334e7b8b2ba741c2986ecacb9520e16b",
            "input": "Article: Hans Christian Andersen put Denmark on the map of the world literature with his stories The Emperor's New Clothes,The Little MermaidandThe Ugly Duckling. Now Copenhagen, the country's capital, has become the center of the world political map, with 190 world leaders attending the climate talks there, not to mention thousands of reporters. Just how much do you know about the Scandinavian country? Denmark is famous for its design culture. At the heart of \"Danish Design\" is the idea that, as poet and designer Piet Hein puts it: \"There is one art, not more, nor less, [and that is] to do all things with artlessness  .\"  Danish design places equal emphasis on practicality and quality. From Lego toys to furniture, Danish products are known for their clean lines, simplicity and functionality. \"Remove material where it's not needed. Keep things simple and functional and make them carefully,\" explained Hans J. Wegner, the first Danish designer to achieve worldwide fame: \"The aim is not to create a work of art, but to produce a good chair.\" \"The Danes have done a better job than most in promoting arts in Europe, considering their country's size and population, in the fields of architecture, sculpture and design,\" writes Helena Smith, reporter with British newspaper the Guardian.  The simplicity of Danish design may extend to the quality of life there. Some even claim that the Danes have the highest quality of life of any nation in the world.  Kate Vial, a 55-year-old American who has lived and worked in Denmark for more than 30 years, explaining why she chooses to live in Denmark rather than the US, told Germany's biggest news weekly Der Spiegel: \"I just chose a simpler lifestyle, one where I could ride my bike all over and where I don't have to make a great living to survive.\" \n Answer: To arouse readers' interest in Denmark.",
            "output": [
                "What's the writer's purpose of mentioning Denmark's literature?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3589611d8401447c927cda7f1d358403",
            "input": "Article: You have the ability to decide if you are happy or not. Happiness is a choice. You can't depend on someone else to make you happy. That is a lesson I learned early on in my marriage. I realized that I couldn't rely on my husband as my source of happiness. I learned that my happiness depended on me and not my husband's actions. I learned that you have to choose to be happy. You can choose your emotions. True happiness comes from within; it can't be forced by outside forces. So how do you choose happiness? The same way you choose to smile or choose to wear a certain outfit. You choose it because that's what you want to experience in your life. You want to buy a new pair of shoes so you choose a pair that you like and feel good. You wouldn't buy a pair of shoes that you don't like or that don't fit well, right? So why do we keep choosing emotions and feelings that don't make us feel good? Choosing to be happy after you realize your anger has shown up (or even choosing to be calm) can be beneficial. We choose our feelings; no one can do that for us. If we let others get to us, influence our emotions - we are giving them power over us. When others cause us anger or pain, we are giving them our power. We need to keep our feelings in check and not react automatically to what is thrown at us. We need to think our actions out instead of just reacting to what someone says or does. Remember that we can always choose happiness. At first it will be difficult to just switch your thoughts and feelings from anger, self-doubt, or fear to joy and happiness. But it is only a thought away. Don't dwell on what happens to you unnecessarily but realize what is causing you to feel that way. Realize that thoughts, feelings and emotions can change. Then move on and choose to be happy. \n Answer: Choose to Be Happy",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0db3a0bf810c44b9bd8c99bc3bd247d7",
            "input": "Article: Your living room Feng shui is all about balance. Try to arrange sofas and chairs in a square around a circular table. Avoid an L-shaped arrangement as this leaves a missing corner. The centre of the living room should be left clear. Make sure there is a lot of light, which will promote good energy. Put plants in the corners of the room, as they attract good energy and will energize your health, but not ones with sharp leaves such as yuccas or cactus. Fresh flowers also bring good energy, but throw them away as soon as they begin to die, and don't have dried flowers. Mirrors are vital because they reflect energy. Round or oval ones are best, but they should not be opposite each other, nor should they reflect a door, otherwise your good fortune will go out of it. To promote harmony between the members of your family, have photos of them around the room, preferably smiling. If you want to find a partner, energize the south-west corner of your living room or bedroom by placing a floor light at least 1.75m high there, and turn it on every evening. Surround yourself with decorations and objects in pairs, such as ducks or birds. To avoid blocking the positive energy in the room, keep everything tidy. Don't accumulate too many unnecessary things. Take a look at every object, and ask yourself, \"Do I really need it? Do I really like it?\" If the answer is no, get rid of it. Your bedroom You should have the head of your bed placed against a wall, as this gives you a sense of security. Avoid having a bed under a window, as you are exposed to danger and bad energy from outside. If this is impossible, use blinds or heavy curtains to cover the window. Never sleep in a place where you can't see the door--you should always be able to see someone who's coming in. Avoid hanging pictures or lights above your bed, as this leads to a subconscious feeling of threat. Don't put mirrors opposite the bed either, as they \"break up\" the image, and therefore the relationship reflected in them. Keep lighting low and soft, and decorate preferably with dark colors. Do not hang paintings of fierce animals, abstract subjects, or water in the bedroom. Water is very good elsewhere, but in the bedroom it suggests financial loss. Make sure you never put plants in the bedroom, and don't have a TV facing the bed, or at least cover it when it is not in use. Your study Don't use the same room for your bedroom and your study, as the different energies will be in conflict. If you have to do this, try to separate the areas either symbolically with plants, or with a screen. Put away piles of files or unfinished work--don't leave them on your desk. Being tidy promotes positive energy. Wherever you study make sure your desk is in the north-east corner, especially if you are preparing for exams, as this area symbolizes education. A bookcase is bad feng shui, as its sharp corners generate negative \"arrows\", and if you have one you ought to put a climbing plant on it to avoid this effect. Cupboards are better than open shelves. \n Answer: It is not a good idea to hang lights above your bed.",
            "output": [
                "As for lights, which of the following statements is false?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-17a8e2ae0a4248b99d838e87f0e36bdc",
            "input": "Article: Do you know how to use a mobile phone without being rude to the people around you? Talking during a performance irritates   people. If you are expecting an emergency call, sit near the exit doors and set your phone to vibrate  . When your mobile phone vibrates, you can leave quietly and let the others enjoy the performance. Think twice before using mobile phones in elevators, museums, churches or other indoor public places--especially enclosed spaces. Would you want to listen to someone's conversation in these places? Worse yet, how would you feel if a mobile phone rang suddenly during a funeral! It happens more often than you think. Avoid these embarrassing situations by making sure your mobile phone is switched off. When eating at a restaurant with friends, don't place your mobile phone on the table. This conveys the message that your phone calls are more important than those around you. Mobile phones have sensitive microphones that allow you to speak at the volume you would on a regular phone. This enables you to speak quietly so that others won't hear the details of your conversations. If you are calling from a noisy area, use your hand to direct your voice into the microphone. Many people believe that they can't live without their mobile phone. Owning a mobile phone definitely makes life more convenient, but limit your conversations to urgent ones and save the personal calls until you are at home. \n Answer: Speak in a low voice.",
            "output": [
                "What should you do when you need to answer a phone call during a performance?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8961bffc93ab4770a571da27409f9f20",
            "input": "Article: The time of year a baby is born can shape what profession they will embark on   in later life, a new study has suggested. Being born in a certain month appears to indicate the statistical likelihood of what job a person will end up with, the study by the Office for National Statistics found. Researchers have uncovered that the month in which babies are born could also affect everything from intelligence to length of life. A child born December is more likely to become a dentist while someone whose birthday falls in January will tend to a debt collector, they found. A February birth appears to increase the chances of being an artist while March babies appear to go on to become pilots. Meanwhile, April and May are said to have a fairly even spread of professions, births in the summer months mean a much lower chance of becoming a high-earning football player, doctor or dentist. The study was derived   by researchers who analyzed the birth months of people in 19 separate occupations using information from the last census, the Daily Mail reported. Although these trends may be difficult to explain, correlations   between birth months and specific health problems have a scientific basis. Spring babies are at greater risks of illnesses including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, asthma and autism. They may also be less clever than classmates born in other parts of the year. \n Answer: The study indicates there are correlations between birth months and some terrible risks.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-617e110f1d8e47a28899785b6d353c59",
            "input": "Article: While I was in my 4th month of pregnancy   with my second child, we were preparing for a trip to Louisiana, where Marshall's family live, to celebrate Jane's 2nd birthday. Two days before we were to leave, we got the shocking news that I was going to lose the baby. Not knowing when this would happen, we decided to continue with our trip. Since Marshall's family lives on a 600-acre cattle farm, you often find that you have a lot of time to yourself to think when you are there. That is precisely what I did not want to do at this time. I told Marshall that I needed to get a good book to get lost in while I was there. I told him I heard the Harry Potter books were good, so he went out and got the first one for me. During that trip, I totally got lost in the book, which was of great help during a time when I needed a distraction to forget about the sadness. In the book, I noticed the name \"Seamus\". I vaguely remembered it was pronounced \"Shamus\" and I liked the sound of that. I mentioned it to Marshall and he liked it too. Toward the end of the trip, I had just 5 chapters left and I knew I was about to finish the first book, which I was pretty excited about. Soon after we put Jane down to bed, I had started labor  , so I was unable to read. The labor lasted 5 and 1/2 hours, but Marshall stayed there with me, sitting beside me and reading aloud the last 5 chapters of Harry Potter. I can never fully explain how much that helped me through the experience. And ever since then, Marshall and I both have been fans of the Harry Potter books. We remember how they helped us get through that time of our lives. We were sad to have lost the baby, but the name Seamus started our journey toward adoption. And we gave this name to our adopted son. Though our Seamus doesn't have a drop of Irish blood in him, the name fits him perfectly. \n Answer: Because she didn't want to think of losing her baby.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer want a good book during the trip?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9f7906d3a67e478480df418715232196",
            "input": "Article: Special trees that grow faster, fight pollution, produce better wood, and even sense chemical attacks are being planted by scientists in the US. When 40 per cent of Hawaii's US$14 million-a-year papaya  industry was destroyed by a virus five years ago, work began on creating genetically engineered trees. Researchers successfully introduced seeds that were designed to resist the virus.Since then, more and more people have been testing genetically engineered trees.Some researchers put special bacteria into trees to help them grow faster and produce better wood.Others are trying to create trees that can clean polluted soil.Meanwhile fruit farmers are looking for trees that are strong enough to resist worms, and paper companies want trees that produce more wood and therefore more paper. The Pentagon   even gave the researchers US$500,000 this year after they developed a pine tree that changes its colours if it senses a chemical attack.So far, the poplar, eucalyptus  , apple and coffee trees are among those being engineered.All this can be done today because we have a better understanding of tree genomes  . However, some people fear that the genetically engineered trees will cause dangerous results.They are worried that the new trees will breed with natural species and change the balance of the forest environment. \"It could be destructive,\" said Jim Diamond, an environmentalist. \"Trees are what is left of our natural environment and home to many endangered species.\" But researchers insist that science could give nature a fighting chance against both natural and man-made dangers.They hope to answer the critics by stopping the new trees from breeding, so their effect on the environment can be controlled. \n Answer: Trees that can protect themselves at a chemical attack.",
            "output": [
                "Which kind of tree is not the ones that scientists are planting in the US?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dc0d846a31514b7e8be05d165eb5a9b7",
            "input": "Article: Are you interested in travelling in the dangerous mountains in America? Here are some tour plans for you to choose. Tour 1  Garland Valley Bring your drink and lunch for this walk in a beautiful area of the Blue Mountains. Garland Valley is close to the town of Garland but is part of the National Park. Many wild animals live in this area, including many rare birds. This is a great walk for bird-lovers. The trip lasts four hours. Book in advance. Cost: $ 15 When: May 8, May 15 Tour 2  Flashlight Adventure Put on your warm clothes, bring a flashlight and a pair of glasses, and come for a night walk along the Dungog Valley. A guide will lead the tour. Many of the animals you will see on this trip can only be seen at night. The guide will tell you about the lives of the animals you see. Numbers are strictly controlled on night trips, so be sure to book early. This walk lasts two and a half hours. Cost: $ 12 When: May 8, May 15, May22 Tour 3 Black Bear Count There have been fires in this area in the last few years and the Office of the National Park is not sure how many black bears are still living. Some bears have been seen since the fires, and the Office has asked for young people to help count them. The entire trip will last three hours. Remember to book in advance. Cost: Free When: May 8 Advice to be followed: Please bring enough water and food for all walks. Wear good walking shoes---no high heels. Wear a hat for day walks. Dress warmly for night walks. Children must be with an adult. Make sure your flashlight works well and bring extra batteries for night walks. Follow all instructions from guides during the walks. The mountains are so dangerous that you have to care. \n Answer: In three different countries.",
            "output": [
                "Where are these tours likely to take place?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-68229279a7fa413c83a3017c1ed8d41d",
            "input": "Article: One day, when I was a freshman in high school, I saw Kyle from my class walking home from school. It looked like he was carrying all of his books. I thought to myself, \"Why would anyone bring home all his books on a Friday? He must really be a nerd (a foolish person).\" I had quite a weekend planned, so I shrugged my shoulders and went on. As I was walking, I saw a bunch of kids running towards him. They knocked all his books out of his arms and tripped  him so he landed in the dirt. His glasses went flying, and I saw _ land in the glass about ten feet from him. He looked up and I saw this terrible sadness in his eyes. So, I jogged over to him and as he crawled around looking for his glasses, I saw a tear in his eye. As I handed him his glasses, I said, \"Those guys are jerks. They really should go to hell.\" He looked at me and said, \"Hey, thanks!\" There was a big smile on his face. It was one of those smiles that showed real thankfulness. I asked him where he lived. As it turned out, he lived near me. Over the next four years, Kyle and I became best friends. I teased him all the time about being a nerd. He had to prepare a speech for graduation. As he started his speech, he cleared his throat, and began. \"Graduation is a time to thank those who helped you make it through those tough years. I am here to tell you a story.\" I just looked at my friend with disbelief as he told the story of the first day we met. He had planned to kill himself over the weekend. He talked of how he had cleaned out his locker so his Mom wouldn't have to do it later and was carrying his stuff home. He looked hard at me and gave me a little smile. \"Thankfully, I was saved. My friend saved me from doing the unspeakable.\" I heard the gasp  go through the crowd as this handsome, popular boy told us all about his weakest moment. I saw his Mom and Dad looking at me and smiling that same grateful smile. Not until that moment did I realize its depth. \n Answer: Because he liked doing things for his mother.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Kyle carry all his books home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c98938714fb744109df36839ab394589",
            "input": "Article: Do you sometimes put off doing your homework on a school night to watch TV?A new study says that middle school students who watch TV or play video games during the week do worse in school. The study also says that watching TV and playing video games on weekends don't affect school performance that much.  \"They could watch a lot on weekends and it didn't seem to connect with doing worse in school,\"said Dr. Iman Sharif of Children's  Hospital at Montefiore inprefix = st1 /New York. The study appears in the October issue of Pediatrics. Researchers drew their conclusions after surveying   4,500 students in New Hampshire and Vermont middle schools.  To reach their findings,researchers didn't look at grades or test scores. Instead,they asked students to rate their own performance on a scale ranging from \"excellent'' to \"below\".  Other studies have found a connection between kids' ability to learn and the amount of TV they watch. One study even found that kids with televisions in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than kids without them.  What should fl kid do?The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that kids watch TV no more than two hours and that televisions be kept out of children's  rooms. Weekend viewing should be kept to four hours at most each day. \n Answer: Study Says Students Shouldn't Watch TV on a School Night",
            "output": [
                "What could be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c22eab3a417d49fcb63935806dbdc6a9",
            "input": "Article: A nurse prepares a polio  vaccination for a baby in the Otash refugee camp in South Darfur. United Nations and Sudanese agencies will carry out the campaign this week and again in November. Sudan had been polio-free since two thousand and five. The new case of wild polio virus was _ last month in South Darfur. Health officials also announced last month that Nigeria has had almost seventy new cases of polio since two thousand and five. Those cases, however, were caused by the polio vaccine itself. There are two kinds of polio vaccine . The one given by injection contains killed virus, which cannot cause polio. The one given by mouth contains live but weakened virus. In very rare cases the virus can change and cause polio. The way to stop the spread now is more vaccinations. But officials worry that people in northern Nigeria may, once again, fear the vaccine. In recent years, local leaders spread stories that Western nations had poisoned the vaccine with the virus that causes AIDS. The United States Food and Drug Administration had told parents not to give them to children under age two unless a doctor says to use them. The F.D.A. gave the advice as it announced a meeting of experts to discuss cold medicines for children. That advisory committee met last week -- and voted that these drugs should not be given to children under the age of six. Members said there is not enough evidence to show that these drugs work in children. They called for more research. The committee also said that liquid medicines should all use the same measurement terms. This could reduce the risk of parents giving their children too much. _  The drug industry says its products are safe and effective for children. But it says parents need to be better educated about how to use them. A week before the meeting, the industry decided to end sales of cold products for children under two. \n Answer: The virus can rarely change and cause polio.",
            "output": [
                "Which sentence is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1938bce16d6549ecb7494c55a50c8b8d",
            "input": "Article: As any parent with an iPhone or an iPod Touch knows, mobile apps   can be an engaging and entertaining experience for kids. Now, a new study of PBS Kids suggests that the experience can be an educational one as well. The study, which was administered by PBS under a grant from the Department of Education, first tested the vocabulary level of a group of 90 Title 1 school children, aged 3 to 7. Then, the children were each given two weeks with an iPod Touch loaded with the Martha Speaks Dog Party app created by PBS Kids. The study monitored how the children used the iPod, during what hours, and in what context. On average, the study found that kids played with the iPod Touch for a total of 5 hours across the two weeks, with half that time spent playing the Martha Speaks app. At the end of the two week trial, the children were given another vocabulary test, which revealed an increase in vocabulary acquisition by as much as 31 per cent. The study findings are particularly useful as smart phones and mobile devices have become increasingly popular among families and parents are faced with a proliferation of mobile apps designed for kids. According to a recent Nielsen study, smart phone usage is 12% higher in households with children than other households. \"Mobile apps can be a great learning tool in the hands of children,\" said Lesli Rotenberg, SVP, Children's Media, PBS. \"This research is important in helping to better understand and guide the development of new apps that improve the value of children's screen time with significant educational outcomes.\" So what does it all mean? At best, it provides more evidence that mobile devices and apps do indeed have educational value and could be an important part of the child-learning process for many years to come. \n Answer: It's too early for kids to use smart phones",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-27fd369dd8be4863bbae0c4c6086bcac",
            "input": "Article: What is more important to a high school student than being popular? Anyone who has ever gone to high school or at least seen a John Hughes' movie knows the answer to that question. When Theresa Sommers first discovered MySpace three years ago, the teen from Minneapolis, St. Paul thought she had found the real high school popularity contest. She could spend hours a day creating an online picture, finding cool pictures and music to make her page look more beautiful, and looking for interesting-looking people to be her online friends. And along the way, she could compete with her friends to see who had the most friends or most-visited page.    The more she used the site, however, the less interested she became in only being popular; she started using her time for more heartfelt conversations with friends and went more deeply into her personal interests. As a beginner in taking pictures, she put her best pictures on the site and looked for advice from people who are good at taking pictures.     At the same time,she began to get in touch with the students of the colleges she wanted to go to. She opened up a new account on Facebook. And she even began to put some of her own creative writing on the website and would ask for advice on homework from her friends. She asked them,\" How long did you spend on your homework?\" or \"How would you write it?\" Often she would put her homework online. \n Answer: How to make friends online.",
            "output": [
                "What's a John Hughes' movies most probably about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0479fa43140b47ec9c8f966fc15e1f23",
            "input": "Article: Drinking green tea is known to be good for you. Some people suggest drinking 2-3 cups of it a day, and I would say at least one is highly advisable.       As many people have already known, tea is filled with powerful antioxidants   that will help stop free radicals  . Free radicals are harmful to our systems in that they can lead to cell   and DNA change, even cell death, and can lead to cancer.       Green tea has been drunk throughout Thailand, China, India and Japan for centuries. It is known in these places that green tea can help improve digestion   and mental clearness and lower one's blood sugar. It can also help control bleeding, so that injuries can be cured more quickly.      Some studies even suggest that drinking green tea on a regular basis can help a person lose weight. Green tea can help a person feel fuller throughout the day with its pleasant smell and taste, and just taking the time to smell it can help ease   one's hunger.      In short, both studies of green tea and its history show that it is a great thing to drink for your health. \n Answer: Antioxidants.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can cause DNA change and even cell death?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bae22a3e14eb4b6da819b977de3eff12",
            "input": "Article: Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found it's all down to the hormone oxytocin . Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently. \"Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others. But men tend to be competitive. They are trying to improve their social status,\" said Professor Ryan. Generally, people believe that the hormone exytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interaction such as falling in love or giving birth. But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy. Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship. Professor Ryan's recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37. Half of the participants received oxytocin. The other half received placebo . [( )] [( :Love my Dog.)]  After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went through the same procedure with the other material. Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from competition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions. The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, men's ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better. Professor Ryan thus concluded: \"Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people's abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factor that are mainly hormonal.\" \n Answer: Oxytocin.",
            "output": [
                "What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6ed66bf8736d4972a4904dbdbef50ec4",
            "input": "Article: About 12,000 years ago- long before the famous UFO crash make headlines in America--an alien spaceship crashed in China. And their descendants are still living in a faraway Chinese village today! That is the mind-bending claim made in the new book Out of Time and Place, a collection of reports from the files of Fate, a magazine edited by Terry O'Neil. The story first came to light in 1937 when an expedition led by Chi Pu-Tei came across a group of caves deep in the Bayan-Kara-Ula Mountains. In the caves were found strange-looking skeletons with big heads and small, slender bodies--closely matching typical descriptions of space aliens. The explorers also uncovered 716 mysterious stone discs with strange hieroglyphics  on them. In Qinghai Province, where the mountains lie, ancient stories tell of small, skinny beings with oversize heads who came from the sky long long ago. And to this day, locals live in fear of attack from strange-looking creatures from above. And there is more. In 1947, British scientist Karyl Robin-Evans led an expedition into the mountains and discovered a group of dwarfs  who called themselves the Droza. \"They told him that their ancestors came from a planet in the Sirius system and crashed in this mountain area a long time ago,\" writes Hausdorf, \"Many of them were killed, but survivors adapted to living on this rough planet far from home.\" For decades, Robin-Evans' claims were dismissed as nonsense. But in 1995, the Associated Press reported that in the region a village named Huilong had been discovered--populated by 120 dwarfs ranging from 3-foot-10 to 2-foot-1tall.Hausdorf asks, \"Could these people be the last living descendants of the survivors of the legendary UGO crash--the Chinese Roswell?\" \n Answer: Many people are curious about aliens from outer space",
            "output": [
                "What can be safely concluded from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0336fda9ab6841f69bf04785af3d5a15",
            "input": "Article: It was the Year from Hell - the dog died, my marriage of 24 years ended, and my house burned down. I had moved into a new rented house with my youngest son after my husband and I divorced. We'd been in the house just six weeks. I went to a dinner party one night, and as I drove home near, I saw smoke rising into the sky. I wondered whether it was my house. Then I turned the corner, and sure enough, it was my house. My son and I stayed with a friend for a couple of nights. Then my friend Gail heard about the fire, called me up, and said, \"Come and move into my house. I have seven bedrooms and five bathrooms - plenty of space for you and your son.\" Gail had three kids at home, but there was still plenty of room for me and my son, Sutton. Little did I know that her offer of a temporary place to stay would turn into a living arrangement that lasted two and a half years. We were two single mothers. Gail and I spent the next couple of years sorting out a lot of things together. After we moved in, I soon began to look for a permanent place to live in. Gail said, \"Please don't leave. I've never had so much freedom!\" Having me in the house meant someone to help take care of her kids, someone to share cooking and gardening, and someone to share day-to-day life. She loved having me there, and I loved being there. So we stayed. It was an important chapter in my life. We both needed time to heal from our divorces. It was a time of deeper insight and spiritual growth for both of us. Gail's generosity was more than anyone could expect from a friend. I am eternally grateful to have a friend like Gail. I'm also grateful for the lessons I learned from the fire and the other losses that came so suddenly, so fast. Much to my surprise, I found gratitude among the ashes. I was tested serious trial by fire. But, like a phoenix, I rose from the ashes strong and whole. I would not be the person I am today if not for that Year from Hell. \n Answer: Everything Gone in the Smoke.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following could be the title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-939db7a5309c4d298d223436997d69f1",
            "input": "Article: Soaring divorce rates around the globe are the environment, American researchers suggested in a study released on a Monday. Michigan State University researcher Jianguo \"Jack\" Liu and his assistant Eunice Yu said the increasing number of divorces leads to more households with fewer people and greater consumption of water and energy. They said housing units require space, construction materials and fuel to heat and cool, regardless of the number of inhabitants. For example, in the United States in 2005, divorced households consumed an extra 73 billion kilowatt hours of electricity and 627 billion gallons of water. An additional 38 million extra rooms required heating and lighting that same year due to divorced households. That costs $6.9 billion in extra utility costs per year, Liu said, plus an added $ 3.6 billion for water, in addition to other costs such as land use. \"A married household actually uses resources more efficiently than a divorced household,\" Liu said. He said that in cohabitating  household, people will watch the same television, share the air conditioning and heat and use the same refrigerator. All things use energy at a regularly stable rate, regardless of the number of users. Liu said he was not condemning divorce, \"Some people really need to get divorced.\" He said cohabitation--whether by a family or friends--was simply a more environmentally friendly option. Additonally, the researchers noted that trends other than divorce are also changing family living structures, such as the end of multiple generations of a family sharing a home and people remaining single longer. \"People's first reaction to this research is surprise, and then it seems simple.\" Liu said in a press release. \"But a lot of things become simple after research is done. Our challenges were to connect the dots and quantify  their relationships. People have been talking about how to protect the environment and fight against climate change, but divorce is a factor that people don't notice and it needs to be considered\". He said the increasing energy demands caused by divorce should be considered by governments when they are creating environmental policies. The research was published in this week's online edition of the \n Answer: Negative.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what's the attitude of Mr. Liu towards divorce?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5d4519156396477798c9b195908f699d",
            "input": "Article: One day, while a woodcutter was cutting a branch of a tree above a river. When he began crying, God appeared and asked him, \"Why are you crying?\" The woodcutter told him that he had dropped his axe into water. God went down into the water and reappeared with a golden axe. \"Is this your axe?\" God asked. The woodcutter said \"No.\" God again went down and came up with a silver axe.\" Is this your axe?\" God asked. The woodcutter said \"No.\" God again went down and came up with a iron axe.\" Is this your axe?\" God asked. The woodcutter said \"Yes.\" God was pleased with the man's honesty and gave him all the three axes. The woodcutter went home happily. One day while he was walking with his wife along the river, his wife fell into the river. W hen he began crying, God appeared and asked him, \"Why are you crying?\" \"My wife has fallen into water.\" God went down into the water and came up with Jennifer Lopez. \"Is this your wife?\" God asked him. \"Yes.\" he said. God was furious ,\"YOU CHEAT !Now I am going to curse you.\" The woodcutter quickly said, \"Forgive me my lord. It is a misunderstanding. IF I say 'No' to Jennifer Lopez, you will come up with Catherine Zeta Jones, If I also say 'No' to her, you will finally come up With my wife and I will say, 'Yes.' Then you will give all the three to me .I am a poor man .I will not be able to look after all the three. So that's why I've to say 'Yes' \" \n Answer: Humoristic",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best describes the author's tone in telling the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e407dd8b8c434acfb107655641acb09a",
            "input": "Article: If you are looking for a day trip with the family, here's a list of festivals and fairs happening within a reasonable drive from Charlotte. Hopscotch Music Festival Where: Downtown Raleigh(various places) When: Today---Saturday Highlights: This music festival features performances by more than 175 national and international bands playing in 15 different places, all within walking distance. Music _ will include rock, hip-hop, heavy metal, dance, classical, folk and everything in between. Admission: $10--$30 Details: www.hopscotchmusicfest.com Flatwoods festival Where: 451 Peach Tree Toad, Bennett When: 10 am. Saturday--5 pm Sunday Highlights: This annual festival, which is in its 15thyear, features family fun, food and horse rides. There will also be musical entertainment and a grand parade with cars, trucks, tractors, horse-drawn vehicles, floats, farm equipment and more. Admission: On Saturday, free; on Sunday, $5 for ages 13 and under. Details: 919-548-5192; www.visitpittsboro.com NC Mountain State Fair Where: 1301 Fanning Bridge Road, Fletcher When: Various times, today---Sept.16 Highlights: In celebration of the people, agriculture, art and traditions that make our region great, the fair offers performances and even a man who carves artwork with a saw. Admission:$7; $3 for kids 6---12 and seniors Details: 828-687-1414; www.mountainfair.org \n Answer: By surfing the website: www.hopscotchmusicfest.com",
            "output": [
                "How can you know the details about Flatwoods Festival?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-37506ed4f65b4f68a530b755f7d45ec0",
            "input": "Article: Every day, young people across the globe are doing their part to keep the Earth healthy and green. These are just a few kid heroes for the planet.           Manatee   Minder          When she was in second grade, Stephanie Cohen read about a baby manatee hit by a boat off the coast of Florida. Marine  biologists saved the manatee. But caring for the sea creature was costly. Stephanie took up a collection and raised $ 27 in one day. Now 18, Stephanie still raises money to help these \" gentle giants\". She sells manatee decorations, candles and cards on her website kmad. Org.           Color Us Green!          At Clarendon Elementary School, in Secaucus, New Jersey, the students know what to do with old, used and broken crayons .Recycle them ! They collect the crayons and send them to Crazy Crayons, where they are made into different shapes and sizes. In the past eight years, new Jersey students have recycled nearly nine tons of crayons.           Goodbye, Paper Bags!          When Adrienne Boukis, 15, was in sixth grade, in Walnut Creek, California, she noticed that many of her classmates carried paper lunch bags. To help kids cut down on waste, she invented a reusable lunch bag, which is partially made from recycled plastic bottles. She sells the bags at greengearbag. Com and some of the  _ go to charity that is in need of money.          He' s Skiiing to Save the Earth          Parker Liautaud, 15, wanted to raise awareness  about the effects of climate change on the polar regions. He set out to become one of the youngest people ever to ski to the North Pole. Parker feels he met his goal to inspire others. \"All young people have the power to make a change.\"he said in an interview. \n Answer: They all involve themselves in green activities.",
            "output": [
                "What do the kid heroes have in common ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-68852eeed18a437581155a0e9722b9fc",
            "input": "Article: No one can deny that buttons are an important clothing device. But, can they rise to the level of art? Organizers of an exhibit in New York think so. Peter Souleo Wright organized \"The Button Show\" at Rush Arts Gallery in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan. Eleven artists used the small, ordinary objects to create sculptures, portraits and wearable art. Some of the works are political, some are personal and others are just fun. Wright said each artist reimagines and repurposes the buttons to make art. \"What I tried to do with this show,\" he said , \"was to look at artists who were promoting that level of craft.\" He said he wanted the button art to be comparable to a painting \"because of the amount of detail and precision in the work\". Artist Beau McCall produced \"A Harlem Hangover\". It looks like a wine bottle that fell over on a table. A stream of connected red buttons hang over the side, like wine flowing down. Similar red buttons form a small pool on the floor. McCall layers buttons of different shapes and sizes to create the bottle. The stitching that holds them together is also part of the artistic design. For San Francisco-based artist Lisa Kokin, buttons are highly personal. After her father died in 2001, she created a portrait of him using only buttons. That memorial to her father led to other button portraits, including those of activists Rosa Parks and Cesar Chavez. Others use buttons for details. Artist Amalia Amaki of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, placed them on and around old photographs. Los Angeles artist Camilla Taylor attached buttons to three large sculptures that look like headless animals with long , narrow legs. \"The Button Show\" ends at March 12. The Rush Philanthropic Arts Foundation paid for the exhibition. The foundation was created in 1995 by the Simmons brothers: artist Danny, hip-hop producer Russell and rapper Rev. Run. The foundation seeks to bring the artists to urban youth and to provide support for new artists. \n Answer: To create sculptures and portraits.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Wright organize \"The Button Show\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-576e86da677e44cf96ba6ab1db80ee95",
            "input": "Article: prefix = st1 /China's economic growth 'hard to predict' The worsening global economic situation makes it difficult for Chinato predict its growth for next year, a senior official said on Friday. \"How fast China's economy will grow next year is uncertain,\" Liu He, deputy director of the Office of the Central Leading Group on Finance and Economy Work, told China Daily. \"To a large  _ , the rate will be decided by the external situation,\" Liu said during a discussion with Swedish Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt and other economists in Beijing. This year, GDP is estimated to grow at 9.4 or 9.5 percent, down from 10.6 percent last year, he said. However, the impact of the current financial turbulence \"on our economy is much less than on the rest of the world\", he said. Nicholas Stern, a former UK government advisor, also told China Daily it will take at least one or two years for the world to recover from the recession, which is now spreading from the US and the UK to the rest of the world. \"We don't know how long the recession will last, but it is unlikely to be short,\" he said. Liu said China can use the downturn as an opportunity to restructure its economy, which has relied heavily on government investment, foreign trade and low-cost technology over the past years. \"When the economy is experiencing fast growth, companies are unwilling to upgrade their technologies,\" Liu said. \"The slowdown gives such firms the opportunity to enhance their competitive edge through better technologies.\" From ChinaDaily 2008-10-25 \n Answer: at least 5",
            "output": [
                "How many people are mentioned in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4543578f11eb41978caea06441d0f26b",
            "input": "Article: While going to the office, I found an old man lying by the side of the bus stop.He seemed very sick and poor.Instinctively.I gave him some money.After a few minutes, I realized that he was probably too sick to get up and buy something with that money.I was thinking about how to help him when my bus arrived, halting my brainstorm.I quickly got on and rode off. However, that night I couldn't sleep.I felt very angry at my own heartless and selfish behavior.How could I just walk away from that man without a thought for his suffering? I felt restless and very upset. The next morning, while waiting at the bus stop, I hoped to run into him again.But he wasn't there.I thought he may have gone to the sidewalk to sleep for the night.I looked around for him, but he had disappeared.Disappointed, I decided to check for him again on my way back. While returning from work that day, I came back to the bus stop and resumed my search for him. Thankfully, he was there.I quickly went to a nearby store and got him a blanket, some bread, and biscuits. When I handed them to him, he seemed very grateful.\"Now I will be safe from the cold,\" he smiled. I also gave him some more money and told him to keep it safely.After being able to help him, I felt very at peace. \n Answer: He suffered being restless and upset at night for a long period.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author feel restless and upset that night?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6d672beadd5a48cc82495be9ee0ebfd3",
            "input": "Article: Ten Chinese PhD students are demanding that Beijing Normal University Professor Yu Dan be away from her television show on CCTV10. They argue that her on-air explanations of Confucius's Analects (<<>> ) are \"incorrect and misleading\". Yu is known for explaining Confucius's Analects to a TV audience. But some complain that her explanations are unfaithful to Chinese tradition. But Yu doesn't seem to worry too much about her critics, saying, \"It's a matter of personal choice. Some like KFC, while others like McDonalds.\" STEALING some online gamer's password might seem less harmful than credit card theft. It does keep the victim from wearing himself out all night playing. But it is not all that nice, says 19-year-old Zhang Qiwen, in Shanghai. Last August, Zhang accidentally downloaded a Trojan while playing Warcraft. The Trojan is a type of virus used by hackers to steal people's passwords. Overnight the Trojan transferred all the \"gold\" (game credits) from Zhang's private account to an unknown account. Zhang hopes the police will find and punish the thief, who can also pocket some cash since the stolen \"gold\" can go on sale online. New England's largest indoor public garden has opened here in a historic park, and officials expect it to become a center for learning about plants as well as a top attraction for visitors. The glass-walled Roger Williams Park Botanical Center, which opened on March 2, offers a tropical garden, an orchid garden, and a Mediterranean room with a collection of citrus trees. The center also has two classrooms and will offer gardening classes provided by the University of Rhode Island. Roger Williams Park, named for the city's 17th-century founder, also has a zoo. The park already attracts more than 2 million visitors a year, and Providence Mayor David Cicilline said that he expects the new center will attract more and more visitors to Providence. \n Answer: 19-year-old Zhang was angry because a hacker stole his \"gold\".",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8367faedd9104344ae7c0ce5e9d2dc1f",
            "input": "Article: We all know that when leaves fall to the ground they die and become food for worms.  When worms pass the leaves, their waste can help to make the soil rich, from which the plants use to get their nutrition. The plants grow and provide food for animals. When the animals eat the plants, their waste goes back into the soil. It's a perfect cycle. But at the Elephant Conservation Centre in Lampang, Northern Thailand, they are using elephant waste for something more--to make 100% natural, beautiful color1ful paper products! 100 years ago over 100,000 elephants in prefix = st1 /Thailandworked on farms, building sites and even in the army. However, only 6,000 remain there today because of advances in technology that have made elephants' old word less necessary. Elephants are doing new jobs now, including entertaining tourists by painting and playing football, and now by helping in the paper making industry. And their keepers, called Mahouts, can earn a living for their families and help their elephants by using elephant waste, also called \"dung\" to make beautiful, natural, paper products without any bad smell. Every day an adult elephant eats about 200kg of plants like bamboo, grass and watermelon seeds.  His body system breaks the plants into 50kg of fibers, which can produce 115 sheets of fibrous paper. The first step to make this special natural paper is to collect the fiber rich \"dung\" from the elephant.  The next step is to wash it and boil it for five hours to kill bacteria. (The water the use in this process is reused to water plans at the Centre, which, in turn, feed the elephants).  After it's boiled, they cut fibers up. During the cutting process, they add in the desired color1 of the paper. For the fourth step, they take the mixture and make balls of 300g. Each ball is then speeds lightly over bamboo frames to dry into one large sheet of paper. After a few hours in the sun, the sheets are dry enough to remove. The result is a wonderful, 100% natural, recycled paper. People around the world are getting interested in buying this special elephant paper for their holiday cards, writing paper and much more, because it's beautiful, natural and helps so many. \n Answer: Because they Mahouts don't want to keep them.",
            "output": [
                "Why are there few elephants in Thailandtoday than before?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3b64c48e15dd40ebb2f774fba3ce87c7",
            "input": "Article: Sharks have been swimming in the ocean for millions of years. They were on Earth even before dinosaurs! At the top of the world's ocean's food chain, sharks help keep the population of other ocean animals in balance. A large drop in the number of sharks can cause serious problems for all ocean animals. Saving sharks makes sense! Many people are afraid of sharks. But most sharks are harmless. Only a small percentage of sharks are known to attack humans. It adapt  well to new habitats and eat whatever is available. However, today, sharks are in trouble. Nearly one-third of the 400 shark species are in danger of extinction, largely due to over-fishing. Each year, tens of millions of sharks are caught and killed just for their fins . The fins are used to make shark fin soup. Humane Society International (HSI) joined with the Jane Goodall Institute's Roots and Shoots program and Beijing Zoo to protect sharks. An exhibit at the zoo, \"the Price Behind the Taste-----Protect Sharks. Don't Eat Shark Fins\", was designed to tell people that shark finning is cruel and unnecessary. It's hoped that the activity will help put an end to _ . Shark fin soup is also eaten in the United States. In fact, the numbers of some shark species in US waters have dropped 90 percent in the last 30 years. To slow the fall, laws against the sale of shark fins have been passed in several states, including Hawaii, Oregon, Washington, and California. \n Answer: It's illegal to eat shark fin soup in the United States.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-98d43f6f64cb47598f1ee6d64da03ac5",
            "input": "Article: A man and his son were once going with their donkey to market. As they were walking along by its side a countryman passed them and said: \"You fools, what is a donkey for but to ride upon?\"     So the man put the boy on the donkey and they went on their way.  But soon they passed a group of men, one of whom said: \"See that lazy boy, he lets his father walk while he rides.\" So the man ordered his boy to get off, and got on himself. But they hadn't gone far when they passed two women, one of whom said to the other: \"Isn't that lazy man ashamed of making his pool little son walk while he rides?\"     The man didn't know what to do. At last he took his boy up before him on the donkey. By this time they had come to the town, and the passers-by began to jeer and point at them. The man stopped and asked what they were laughing at. The men said: \"Aren't you ashamed of yourself for overloading that poor donkey with you and your son?\"     The man and boy got off and tried to think what to do. They thought again and again and then they cut down a pole, tied the donkey's feet to it, and raised the pole and the donkey to their shoulders.  They went along surrounded by the laughter of all who met them till they came to Market Bridge, when the donkey, getting one of his feet loose, kicked out and caused the boy to drop his end of the pole.  In the struggle the donkey fell over the bridge, and his fore-feet  were tied together,so it was drowned. \n Answer: You can't please everyone.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1ec60141681e4dd1aef829a908595013",
            "input": "Article: People who are obese  have a worse memory than their thinner friends, a small study shows.  Tests on 50 people showed that being overweight was linked to worse \"episodic memory\" or the ability to remember past experiences. The study in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology argues that a less vivid memory of recent meals may lead to overeating. However, other aspects of memory -- such as general knowledge -- show no signs. Tests on rats have previously shown that with burgeoning waistlines come poorer performances in memory tests, but the evidence in humans has been mixed. Fifty people with a Body Mass Index (BMI) ranging from 18 (healthy) to 51 (very obese) took part in a memory test -- a bit like doing a treasure hunt on your own. They had to \"hide\" objects at different times and on different scenes displayed on a computer screen. They were later asked to recall what they had hidden, when and where. The results showed obese people's scores were 15% lower than thinner people. Dr. Lucy Cheke, from the University of Cambridge, told the BBC News website, \"The suggestion we're making is that a higher BMI is having some reduction on the vividness of memory, but they're not drawing blanks and having amnesia  . As a matter of fact, if they have a less strong memory of a recent meal, with a less strong impact in the mind, then they may have less ability to regulate how much they eat later on.\" Hunger hormones  play a huge role in how much we eat, but it has already been recognized that our minds have a key role too.  Dr. Cheke concluded, \"It is too early to talk in terms of advice, but we are certainly beginning to observe how obesity causes itself to continue.\" \n Answer: The researchers compare the performances of people with various BMIs.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about the experiment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b33fbd54127d49aba654bdd85bcdcf77",
            "input": "Article: Water and its importance to human life are the center of the world's attention. March 22 is World Water Day, which has the theme \"Water and culture \"this year. There are more than one billion people in the world who live without safe drinking water. The United Nations hopes to cut this number in half by 2015. Solving such a big problem seems like an unreal challenge. But everyone, even teenagers, can do something to help. A teenage girl in the U.S. has set an example to others of her age around the world. Rene Haggerty, 13, was awarded the 2004 Gloria Barron Prize for her work of collecting deserted batteries which pollute water. In 2003, Haggerty went on a field trip to the Great Lakes Science Centre in Ohio. There, she saw an exhibit about how chemicals in old batteries harm the water of Lake Erie. Haggerty learnt that recycling the batteries was an easy solution. \"I think everybody can do it, because everyone uses batteries, and it can make a big difference.\" With these words, she began to increase awareness in her area. She talked to her county government and school board. She got permission to start a recycling programmed in schools as well as the public libraries, hospitals, and churches. With the help from her family, friends and local waste-management officials, she gathered containers, arranged transportation, and made an educational video. Over the past two years, she collected four tons of batteries and drew the attention of officials, who were in charge of a battery recycling programmed but had made little progress. When asked if she feels like a hero, Haggerty is quite modest . \"Not really. Well, maybe for the fish I saved!\" Every year the Gloria Barron Prize honors young Americans aged 8 to 18 who have shown leadership and courage in serving the public and the planet. Each year ten winners receive $2,000 each, to help with their education costs or their public service work. \n Answer: About 5 million.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, how many people probably can't drink safe drinking water in 2015?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b7925efb25c04e01a39cf4ac326da073",
            "input": "Article: The idea of sailing west to reach the riches of the East Indies and the Asian mainland was much in fashion with cultured Europeans during the late fifteenth century. Learned people agreed that the earth was round: their only questions were how long and how dangerous would be a trip to reach the Orient. Christopher Columbus, the son of an unknown weaver, and himself a weaver of ambitious dreams, made his historic voyage to the New World in 1492. He didn't go to school very much, but be learned to read and write Spanish during his travels. He also taught himself Latin because all the geography books were written in Latin. Sailing with a tiny fleet of three ships, the Santa Maria and two smaller ships, the Pinta and the Nina and a crew of ninety sailors, be found the thirty-three-day crossing easier than his nearly-decade-long effort to find royal sponsors willing to support it. The trip drew not only on his own skills as an expert ship's captain, but also on his ability to plan such an expedition, obtain governmental approval and financing, and finally, demonstrate its success so that such explorations could continue. He tried for years to get King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to supply him with ships and money. Finally they agreed, but he made more demands. He wanted to be made a knight, admiral of the Ocean Sea. He wanted to be the viceroy and governor general of all lands he would discover. Also he wanted one-tenth of everything he found of value in the new lands. The explorations that followed Columbus-those of Cabot, Verrazano, Cartier, and many others-benefited from a new maritime technology borrowed from Arab sailors and from a variety of new vessels (,) such as the light-weight caravels employed by Columbus. Sailors also perfected sails and various types of riggings that gave ships added stability and greater maneuverability on the open seas. And when leaving sight of the coast, new navigational aids-charts, compasses, and astrolabes-permitted them to determine their position with some, though not perfect, accuracy. Columbus himself made a total of four voyages to the New World but he did not become rich as he had hoped. At the end of his life he only had a pension the king and queen had given him because he was the first to reach the New World. He spent the last few months of his life in bed because of the pain of arthritis . Columbus not only discovered a New World, but led the way for other explorers. \n Answer: The oriental countries.",
            "output": [
                "What was the dream destination of Europeans in the late fifteenth century?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-06718fe3eb594e4f84bea9076a7ea446",
            "input": "Article: Hiking is an outdoor activity which consists of walking in natural environments, often in mountainous or other scenic terrain  . People often hike on hiking trails. It is such a popular activity that there are numerous hiking organizations worldwide. It is considered one of the recreational activities. Many people say they go hiking because they love to walk outdoor, without necessarily having a destination ahead of them. This makes hiking much more different than walking down the street to the store or to some other places that we need to go. People who like hiking say, \"We enjoy ourselves along the way whether we arrive somewhere important or not.\" Some people add another reason for hiking to the basic one of loving to be outdoors. These folks see hiking as not only mentally healthy for clearing the mind but also physically healthy as great exercise for the body. Unlike some other exercise programs, hiking can be an activity for almost anyone in reasonably good health. Hiking on a smooth, level path is even good exercise. Trudging   over rougher terrain can be a workout and a time of enjoyment at the same time. Some people who hike on a regular basis give little thought to the exercise part of the activity. These people are more likely to go hiking because they are exploring nature. They may be interested in the trees or the rocks. Perhaps they are interested in looking at the birds or the various animals that lodge in the forest or the park. Certainly park land is ideal for hiking. Many of these sites have marked for hiking. This leads many to take part in hiking specifically for the exercise and enjoyment of being outdoors, when they may not do this otherwise. Some people look at hiking as having two major benefits. When asked why they go hiking in their spare time many people will combine these reasons: It helps me relax; it doesn't take a great investment of money for equipment. For them, a good pair of shoes and some comfortable clothes can help them get away from work or other stressful situations that may arise in life. In many cases, these hikers can enjoy their favorite pastime all year long. They may be able to take those outdoor walks in almost any weather. It's safe to say that hiking can heal and please the human being in many ways. \n Answer: The reasons why people go hiking.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1ae3aa383d9043f9b02c32b093a3cee1",
            "input": "Article: It's 8:00 a.m.James Butters gives,18-month-old Thomas his milk,then breakfast.After getting Thomas into his outdoor clothes, they head for the park to watch birds and play on the grass.With lunchtime drawing near,they're back home for an afternoon of drawing,    playing with cars,or maybe watching some children's programs.     James isn't Thomas'dad.He is a nanny -a man nanny obviously,humorously     termed a\"manny\"--specially trained and in his third nannying position.At 27,he cares for     Thomas,and another boy of a simliar age.\"It's much freer than an office job,\"he says,    \"and you're getting to see children develop and grow.You become very close to them,for     sure.I don't think I'm special or better than a woman nanny; everyone has their own ap-    proach.But I'm unusual.Friends laughed when I started studying nursery nursing.In my     class,I was the only man among 70 women.Somehow,I made it,\"he said.     Although it's not yet common to find men in traditional nannying courses,things are     changing.In the United States,parents are employing young mannies,sometimes to care     for babies,but more often as active role models to get their children away from the TV and     the computer.From rollerblading friends to summer swimming mannies,these are     the big brothers who are always willing to play,largely because they're paid for it.It is     catching on here in Britain,too.Earlier this year,Norland Nanny College welcomed its     first full-time man student,19-year-old Peter Cummins in Wales.While some families find     it difficult to accept the idea of a young man in a traditional nannying role,man nannies are     increasingly popular. \n Answer: They can get boys in more healthy activities.",
            "output": [
                "Why are young mannies becoming popular in the United States?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5db8ebe776a34cccab3b2c49f5e5dd0e",
            "input": "Article: My 16-year-old son, Anton, had gone to the local swimming hole. Most of the kids swim there, and there are plenty of rocks for them to use as safe harbors, so I had no fears for his safety. Still, the firefighter's first words \"You need to come up here to the Stillwater River\" made me catch my breath, and his follow-up words gave me relief: \" Your son is OK.\" When I got to the river, I immediately saw the firetruck, ambulance and Anton, wrapped with a towel about his shoulders, sitting quietly on a low platform of the fire engine. I hurried over to him. \"You OK?\"I asked. \"Yeah,\" was all he said. But my eyes begged for an explanation, I didn't get it from my son, however, _ . The story was this: A woman was being swept under water. Hearing the cries, Anton and his friend Tyler, without hesitation, swam out to her, and brought her safely to shore. In an age in which the word \"hero\" is broadcast with abandon and seemingly applied to anyone who make it through the day, I realized the real thing in my son. The teens are stubborn and self-centred, but that didn't mean they have no desire to do good. Still shocked by my son's daring, I drove him home. Along the way, I tried to dig out some more information from him - but he had precious little to say. The only words he said were, \"What's for supper?\" I spent some time alone that evening, thinking about the tragedy that might have been. The next morning, when Anton got up, I half expected him to tell me the story. But all he did was toast some bread, pull himself together, and head for the door to start a new day. Watching from the window,1 was reminded that still water often runs deep. \n Answer: The rocks can be of help if there's danger.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the mother allow her son to swim there?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1eb32af0bdfd410892629f9c6def661a",
            "input": "Article: Martin was returning to work in his London office after spending two weeks with his brother in New York.He was coming back with a heavy heart.It was not just that it was the end of a wonderful holiday; it was not just that he invariably suffered badly from jet lag ; it was that Monday mornings always began with a team meeting and,over the months,he had grown to hate them. Martin was aware that colleagues approached these meetings with hidden agenda ; they indulged in  game playing; and he knew that people were not being honest and open.The meetings themselves were bad enough-there was all the moaning afterwards at the meeting like\"I could have improved on that idea,but I wasn't going to say\". As this morning's meeting began,Martin prepared himself for the usual dullness and boredom.But,as the meeting progressed,he became aware of a strange background noise.At first,he thought that he was still hearing the engine noise from the aircraft that had brought him back to London.But,as he concentrated on the noise,it became a little clearer. He realized,to his amazement,that he could actually hear what they were thinking at the same time as they were speaking.What surprised him,even more than the acquisition of this strange power,was that he discovered that what people were saying was not really what they were thinking.They were not making clear their reservations.They were not supporting views which they thought might be popular.They were not contributing their new insights.They were not volunteering their new ideas. Martin found it impossible not to respond to his new knowledge.So he started to make gentle interventions,based more on what he could hear his colleagues thinking than on what he could hear them saying.\"So,John,are you really saying...\"\"Susan,do you really think that?\"\"Tom,have you got an idea on how we could take this forward?\"They looked at him,puzzled.In truth,he felt rather proud of his newly-acquired talent. As the meeting progressed,it was clear to him that each member of the meeting was learning how to hear the thoughts of the others.The game playing started to fall away; people started to speak more directly; views became better understood; the atmosphere became more open and trusting. The meeting ended.As people left the room,Martin found that he could still hear what they were thinking.\"That was the best meeting we've ever had.\"\"All meetings should be like that.\"\"In future,I'm going to say what I think\". \n Answer: Because the meeting atmosphere wasn't open and trusting.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Martin hate his company's team meeting?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51c7e2c1d9fa4d71a1724cf30042f0d5",
            "input": "Article: More and more birds are flying to settle at Qinghai Lake, one of the highest inland lakes in China, thanks to the protection efforts of local governments. Covering an area of over 4,000 square kilometers, Qinghai Lake is also the country's biggest salt-water lake. Located in Northwest China's Qinghai Province, the lake is famous for the two islands at its northwest point--Cormorant Island and Egg Island. The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various schools of fish, offering rich food sources for birds. The islands have become a paradise for different kinds of groups of birds and have been called 'Bird Islands'. Each March and April, when ice and snow covering the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau starts to melt, over 20 kinds of birds fly to the Bird Islands to lay eggs. During the months, flocks of birds cover the whole sky over the islands and birds eggs can be found everywhere. Visitors can hear the singing of birds from miles away. These have become a world famous symbol of the lake. To protect this paradise for birds and support calls for ecological protection, China set up the Qinghai Lake Natural Protection Zone at the end of 1997. Meanwhile, the State has pointed out the Bird Islands and Spring Bay of the Qinghai Lake as central protection zones. Inspection officials and management employees often patrol the lake, improving local residents' knowledge of related laws and spreading knowledge about animal protection to visitors. They are making great efforts to call on people to love and protect the birds. At the same time, they have built special fences around the island area, to prevent wolves, foxes and other carnivorous animals, as well as illegal hunters from breaking up the birds' nest-building, egg-laying and breeding. As a result, more and more birds are coming to the islands for sheltering and breeding. \n Answer: Because the people there are becoming richer and richer",
            "output": [
                "Why are more and more birds coming to the biggest salt-water lake in the Great Northwest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-252afa7b474f46c59c36968f88fc488d",
            "input": "Article: Pride and Prejudice for the Modern Woman Let us imagine how Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen's most famous work, might be updated, 200 years on. Austen's popularity is rooted in her intelligence. But today she would certainly have had a very different life, as would her characters. Here's my own suggestion. . . It is a truth finally and universally acknowledged that a single woman with brains deserves to have equal opportunities to men, however disadvantaged she may feel by sexism. \" My dear husband,\" said his hopeful wife one day, \" have you heard that the local store, standing empty for so long, is taken over by a bright young businesswoman?\" Her dull and indifferent   husband replied that he had not. \"But it is, it is,\" she replied excitedly. Mr Dull-Husband made no reply. \"Don't you want to know her plans?\" she cried with some impatience. \"Well, clearly you think it matters to your silly little head. .. so I'd better listen. \" \"Well, my dear, the rumour   is that she has already set up a string of successful businesses in northern England, though _ She will move in herself next month. \" \"What is her name?\" \"Bingley. \" \"Is she married or single?\" \"What a question! And none of your business. But her coming will be a fine thing for our five boys. \" \"How so? How can it possibly affect them? \" \"My dear love; those lazy boys need something to wake them up. There are bound to be jobs going. \" \" Is that her point in settling here? Surely as a woman she has simply taken a fancy to the place. \" \" Nonsense, my love, how little you've noticed the world has changed. She's got a first-rate degree and some sort of business qualification, I'm told. She surely needs one of our boys! Perhaps you might give her a call. \" \" Me? No. Perhaps you can take an interest. You still have your looks, after all. She may even offer you a job. \" \"Oh, that's not likely. These new chances belong to the younger generation. But now you mention it, I think I'll go along all the same. \" And Mrs Bennet went along. That was 10 years ago. She is now managing director of a FTSE-listed company. ... It would remain the case, of course, that Mrs Bennet would be one of very few women on the company board, that her salary would be lower than her male colleagues, her bonus of a more \"female\" dimension and her lifespan   among the city's business leaders shorter than theirs. Still, she'd no doubt have enjoyed Davos--and might even have hobnobbed   with influential figures. \n Answer: Austen's updated work gains popularity.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-039fedb0cef944a69b5ba870451a34ea",
            "input": "Article: How did a ban on smoking in public places come into place? In 1998 the Smoking Kills White Paper set out a national strategy   to reduce smoking prevalence   and passive smoking, including in public places. The measures were voluntary and poorly carried out. After a public conference in England in 2004, the Government decided to choose for lawmaking. Scotland went first, with a ban in 2006, followed by the other nations a year later. What is the current law? Any person who smokes in enclosed   public places, including pubs, offices, on public transport and work vehicles, is breaking the law. It does not extend to private houses. It is also an offence for people in charge of premises   to permit others to smoke in them. How was it received? It was welcomed by most organizations except for some pub owners and restaurateurs. Many workplaces in the UK had already introduced smoke-free policies consistent with the legislation (,) before it was carried out, while others have gone beyond its basic requirements. All railway facilities, including platforms, footbridges and other areas--whether or not fitting the definition of an enclosed public space--are covered, as are all football grounds and some cricket and athletics stadiums. School grounds are not required to be smoke-free under the legislation, but the majority now are. How has it been forced? Compliance   in public premises has been high, with inspections suggesting that 99 per cent of places were sticking to the rules. The number of people charged for smoking in cars has been very low, which was due to the problems defining and identifying \"work\" vehicles. They said that a total ban on smoking in vehicles would end this confusion. Has it improved health? Studies in early adopters of the law, including in Scotland, suggest a reduction in hospital admissions for heart disease, which has been shown to be linked to passive smoking. There is also strong evidence of improved rates of smoking end and a drop in the number of cigarettes consumed by those who continue to smoke. \n Answer: 2006",
            "output": [
                "When did the first law come out to ban smoking in public places?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f7d6848acfd488a82726e08eb7f003d",
            "input": "Article: I had not really planned on taking a trip this time of year, and yet I found myself packing rather hurriedly. This trip was going to be unpleasant and I knew in advance that no real good would come out of it. This is my annual \"Guilt Trip\". I got tickets to fly there on \"WISH-I-HAD\" airlines. It was an extremely short flight. I chose to carry my bag myself all the way. It was loaded down with a thousand memories of \"what might have been\". No one greeted me as I entered the Regret City International Airport. I spoke international language because people from all over the world came to this dismal town. As I arrived at my destination and checked into the \"Last Resort\" Hotel, I noticed that they would be hosting the year's most important event--the annual \"Pity Party\". I wasn't going to miss that great social occasion. Many of the town's leading citizens would be there. First, there would be the \"Done\" family; \"Should Have\", \"Would Have\" and \"Could Have\". Then came the \"I Had\" family. Of course, the \"Opportunities\" family; \"Missed and Lost\" would be present. The biggest family there would be the \"Yesterday's\". There were far too many of them to count, but each one would have a very sad story to share.  I went to this depressing party. And, as usual, I became very depressed. But as I thought about all of the stories of failures brought back from the past, it occurred to me that this trip and \"pity parties\" could be cancelled by ME! I started to realize that I did not have to be there. I can't change yesterday, but I do have the power to make today a wonderful day. I can be happy, as well as being encouraging. Knowing this, I left Regret City immediately. Am I sorry for mistakes I've made in the past? YES! But there is no way to undo them. So, if you're planning a trip back to Regret City, please cancel it now. Instead, take a trip to a nice place called \"Starting Again\". \n Answer: Fame.",
            "output": [
                "What do the families the author mentioned in the passage have in common?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-727fc628006a4427af0523297de2f24e",
            "input": "Article: By the age of almost four,  Elijah Edney has never had a haircut in his life.  But now he can ' t wait to visit the barber's  -  for two reasons: losing his two - foot - long golden hair will mean   that strangers stop mistaking him for a girl; the hair will be donated to charity to provide a wig     for a child with cancer. Mrs.  Edney, who works in a restaurant, says, \"Elijah has always had beautiful hair, so I let him grow it as he w8nted.  It' s like silk.  But now it is at a stage where people mistake him for a  girl and he wants it cut into a boy's haircut. \" Mrs.  Edney and her husband want to collect enough money-PS350-to process Elijah's hair  for a sick child.  She says,  \"I couldn't bear to see all Elijah's beautiful hair go to waste and my  mum mentioned charities that have human hair made into wigs. \" Mrs. Edney says, \"If we can raise the amount we want, it will mean a family will not have   to pay for the wig and can receive it for free.  When you've got children yourself, you hope that if  they lost their hair someone would do the same for them by donating their hair. \" The two-foot-long hair will be donated to the Little Princess Trust    to  make a wig for children suffering cancer. Elijah keeps telling people he is giving his hair to poor  princesses and he is so excited about it. A spokesman for the Little Princess Trust says, \"We're very grateful to anyone who decides   to have their hair cut to donate it to the Little Princess Trust. As a result of hair donations like  this, the charity receives real-hair wigs for free to pass on to families whose children have sadly  lost their own hair through cancer treatment. \" \n Answer: Because Elijah has beautiful hair.",
            "output": [
                "Why has Mrs.  Edney let Elijah's hair grow so long?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1d95eb2b3ffe41bb856371fb7f2d2067",
            "input": "Article: Mayor Bill de Blasio designated  the Lunar New Year an official public school holiday in New York City in June, 2015. The move came after de Blasio in March, 2015 declared school holidays on the most-observed holiday in Islam, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. De Blasio, _ a promise made during his 2013 mayoral campaign, said students would also have a day off on the Lunar New Year, and not long ago the Asian holiday took place on February 8, 2016. \"About 15% of the city's school system is of Asian descent , and many student, have been taking the day off as a sick day\" said State Senator Daniel Squadron. \"It's a big deal,\" he said, whose district includes Manhattan's Chinatown. \"Families have had to choose between their most important cultural celebration and missing a day of school.\" The city's Department of Education had been working on the practical arrangements for adding another holiday while maintaining the legal 180 school days. The problem was solved by combining two half days that previously did not count towards the total to form a single full day that can be counted towards the total. After San Francisco, New York is the second major urban school district to add the Lunar New Year to the official school calendar. \"This holiday is not about kids just getting a day off from school,\" said Assemblyman Ron Kim. \"It's about the City of New York telling hundreds of Asian-American societies that America is a cultural melting pot.\" Kim said recognizing the holiday is one way of pushing back against feelings of isolation and marginalization  felt by the Asian-American community. \n Answer: By changing the legal 180 school days.",
            "output": [
                "How does New York make the Lunar New Year an official public school holiday?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e2ac5cf43b14e0f994b64dd54cedc0b",
            "input": "Article: Imagine an eco-conscious city where rooftops have been transformed into fertile, green gardens. It's a place where every home is equipped with a system that recycles valuable water resources. In this town, protecting the planet is a way of life. That's how Abby Sharp, 14, Wyatt Peery, 13, and Tom Krajnak, 14, saw their city of tomorrow. The vision won the eighth-graders from Bexley, Ohio, first prize at the 2009 National Engineers Week Future City Competition. The annual design competition challenges middle school students to use engineering to deal with issues that affect the earth. This year the competition focused on water conservation. Participants had to come up with ways to improve water use in the home. Kids from 38 middle schools across the country competed in the finals. The event took place from February 17-18 in Washington, D.C. More than 30,000 students entered the competition. Abby, Wyatt and Tom call their winning city Novo Mondum. The name means \"new world\" in Latin. Novo Mondum sits on the coast of Iceland. The group chose the spot for its wealth of clean energy resources, such as geothermal  energy and hydropower. Both sources use the power of nature to generate electricity. Geothermal energy draws heat from deep inside the Earth. Hydropower gets energy from flowing water. \"Our city is very globally aware,\" Abby told TFK. Students team up with a teacher and a volunteer engineer mentor to develop their cities. Each group creates a fictional city on SimCity 4 Deluxe, a computer game that allows players to build virtual towns. Then they construct tabletop models of the cities and write essays describing their project. The models must be made using recycled materials and cost no more than $100 to build. \n Answer: Costing no money to build",
            "output": [
                "What's the main feature of the city designed by the three winners?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4930a68ff3df4fd3bef0a2ff6386c3a7",
            "input": "Article: Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear. Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting  and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation. Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: \"Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.\" The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, \"The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see - and guide whether we see fear.\" To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner  to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear. \"We have found an important _ by which the heart and brain 'speak'to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear,\" Dr Garfinkel said. \"We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.\" \n Answer: One's heart affects how he feels fear.",
            "output": [
                "What is the finding of the study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-85e165d651c442ebbbd178e44c68f9a1",
            "input": "Article: Interview with a president While many teenagers may dream of meeting with pop star Jay Chou or NBA hero Yao Ming, Li Jing had a far more powerful person on her mind. The Senior 2 from Beijing No.35 High School dreamt of meeting Russian President Vladimir Putin. After more than a year of hard work and with a little good luck, Li fulfilled her dream. On October 11, 2004, the 16-year-old girl joined a team of Chinese journalists who went to the Kremlin, in Moscow, to interview Putin.  Li felt nervous before talking with Putin. \"But his greeting and warm smile put me at ease,\" she said. Li admires Putin very much, because of his strong will and style of leadership. \"He looks very cool,\" Li said. During her interview, Li asked Putin whether he plans to educate his two teenage daughters to be officials in the future. Putin smiled and answered he hopes they can do whatever job suits their interests and personalities. Although Li would only have several minutes, she started working on her interview questions last August after applying for the opportunity. \"Journalists work is by no means easy. You need to do lots of homework on your  _ ,\" she said. She read many books about Putin and Russia in her spare time. Li's parents encouraged her to be a student journalist. \"We fully support her, as long as it does not affect her studies,\" said her father. Previously in her job for a student magazine, Chinese Young Journalists, she wrote a letter to President Hu Jintao during the SARS epidemic. Li has learnt a lot from her experience. She said learning to manage her time and developing the confidence to speak with important people were not the things she could learn in class. \n Answer: They neither support it nor object to it.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best describes Li Jing's parents' attitude towards her being a student journalist?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6750a3fa40f94c2c9a3f06309d221b5d",
            "input": "Article: Some pigs lend lo be optimistic  while others have a  more pessimisitic   view , according to a new research that is meaningful  to  animal welfare. The study, published in the journal Biology Letters, is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment. Asher, a researcher  at ihc University of Newcastle's   Institute  of Neurowcience, and her team housed groups of pigs in the two types of environments. One reflected sandard commercial conditions  and the other was _ with more space and plenty of sell, deep straw. After the pigs got  accusitomed  to these new homes over a few weeks , the rescarchers picked 18 pigs from  each type of   housing arrangement to train and test their judgment. \" To do this, we trained each pig that in one comer of a  training room there would be a bowl wilh chocolate sweets -- specifically M&Ms, pigs love M&Ms -- and in a bowl at the opposite   side of the room there would be a bowl that would contain coffee beans, which pigs find  bitter-tasting,\" senior author Lisa  Collins of the  Univerersty  of Lincoln's  School of Life Sciences said. Over n number  of training trials , pigs  leamed to go to the bowl reliably when it  was in the  corner   where they had figured out to expect M&Ms.On the  contrary,they quickly leamed to avoid   the  bowl when it was't in the comer where they would expect to find the coffee beans. The  rescearchers   next  placed an unfamimliar bowl  in different locations , to see how the  pigs would react. Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what, exhibiting optimism    that it  would contain  there  favorite sweds. Others, however, behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans, displaying pessimism. The  findings  suggest  that  a one -- size- fits - all answer to animal welfare issues does not exist. Even if pigs are just equal lo bacon or other meal for some people, there is still cause for conccrn . Student  have suggested  that  how an animal is  trented during is lifetime   can  directly affect meal quality and taste. \n Answer: The relationship between pigs' mood and judgment.",
            "output": [
                "What was the study devoleted  to figuring out?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e71a630efe7f4b2e8f0d71a8a6d74e5f",
            "input": "Article: Eat like a king in the morning, a prince at noon, and a peasant at night. This saying is all about the importance of breakfast. And now scientists can tell us just why it's so important. According to a study carried out at Imperial College London, UK, skipping the first meal of the day not only means you eat more at lunch, but also that your brain wants to find more unhealthy foods. The study suggests that there is a special part of our brain called the orbitofrontal cortex  , which plays an important part in making choices about what we eat. It is used for identifying the taste of food, especially when skipping breakfast. It is more likely to target high-calorie foods when you're on an empty stomach. Scientists did an experiment on this. Dr Tony Goldstone from Imperial College London, scanned   the brains of 21 men and women, around the age of 25. On the first day, these people skipped breakfast before the scans. On the second day, they had cereal  , bread and jam as breakfast. After the scan on both days, they had their lunch. When the volunteers had skipped breakfast, they ate around 20 percent more at lunch, compared with days when they had eaten breakfast.Their brain scans also showed the orbitofrontal cortex was especially responsive to high-calorie foods. \"We believe that bit identifies the value of foods - how pleasant, how delicious something is,\" Goldstone told The Guardian. \n Answer: It tells people to eat breakfast.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true about the orbitofrontal cortex?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-68f3dae53141447cbf85c0222fcbaf85",
            "input": "Article: Millions of youngsters across Europe could suffer permanent hearing loss after five years if they listen to MP3 players at too high a volume for more than five hours a week, EU scientists warned. The scientists' study, requested by the European Commission, attacked the concept of \"leisure noise,\" saying children and teenagers should be protected from increasingly high sound levels---with loud mobile phones also coming in for criticism . \"There has been increasing concern about exposure from the new generation of personal music players which can reproduce sounds at very high volumes without loss of quality,\" the Commission, the EU's executive arm, said in a statement. \"Risk for hearing damage depends on sound level and exposure time,\" it said. More and more young people _ the great threat that leisure noise posed to hearing, it said. Commission experts said that between 50 and 100 million people listen to portable music players on a daily basis. If they listened for only five hours a week at more than 89 decibels , they would already be beyond   EU limits for noise allowed in the workplace, they said. But if they listened for longer periods, they risked permanent hearing loss after five years. The scientists calculated the number of people in that risk category at between five and 10 percent of listeners, meaning up to 10 million people in the European Union. Sales of personal music players have soared in EU countries in recent years, particularly of MP3 players. \"I am worried that so many young people ... who are frequent users of personal music players and mobile phones at high acoustic levels, may be unknowingly damaging their hearing ,\" she said in the statement. \n Answer: Youngsters across Europe: suffer permanent hearing loss.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title of the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1acab4b05ba34b08b6e9996974a3f467",
            "input": "Article: Many years ago there was a huge oil refinery fire in a small town. Flames shot hundreds of feet into the air. The sky was thick with grimy black smoke. The heat was intense--so intense that firefighters had to park their trucks a block away and waited for the heat to die down before they could begin to fight the fire. However, it was about to rage out of control. Then, all of a sudden, from several blocks away came a fire truck racing down the street. With its brakes screeching, it hit the curb in front of the fire. The firefighters jumped out and began to battle the blaze. All the firefighters who were parked a block away saw this, and they jumped into their trucks, drove down the block and began to fight the fire, too. As a result of that cooperative effort, they were just barely able to bring the fire under control. The people who saw this teamwork thought, \"My goodness, the man who drove that lead fire truck--what an act of bravery!\" They decided to give him a special award to recognize him for his bravery in leading the charge. At the ceremony the mayor said, \"Captain, we want to honor you for a fantastic act of bravery in leading the charge. You prevented the loss of property, perhaps even the loss of life. If there is one special thing you could have--just about anything--what would it be?\" Without hesitation, the captain replied, \"Your Honor, a new set of brakes of my truck would be great!\" \n Answer: upset",
            "output": [
                "How was the captain probably feeling when his truck charged down the street to the fire?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c08ce095dba84ff6914ac822d4d12e48",
            "input": "Article: A shop worker nicknamed  Little Fatty told of his shock at becoming a Susan Boyle-like Internet star after a perfect Whitney Houston performance on a TV talent show. Lin Yuqun, 24, won over the judges and the audience of the Million Star show with perfect performances of Whitney Houston's I will Always Love You , and has got 480,000 hits on video sharing website You Tube. \"I am shocked that I can draw so much attention. I'm really moved and happy that people like my performance of Whitney's song,\" said Lin, who works part-time at a musical instrument shop. \"I've loved singing since I was a little boy and I feel like I am living my dream now. I hope I can pursue  a career in singing,\" he told reporters. Reporters called him \"China's Susan Boyle\", describing him as \"plain-looking and short\", but Lin, who has the nickname \"Little Fatty\", told reporters the comparison made him proud. \"I am honoured to be compared to Susan Boyle. I am inspired and encouraged by her because she proved that even a person who's seen as an underdog  and who has ordinary looks can shine on the stage,\" Lin said. Since his performance was posted on Youtube late last week, he has been the subject of heated conversation in on-line chat rooms on American Yahoo! and other foreign websites. \" _ \" a viewer wrote on YouTube. Scottish single Susan Boyle got recognized around the world after she was discovered last year on the British's Got Talent television show with her performance of I Dreamed a Dream from Les Miserables, which was the best-selling debut in British chart history and also topped the US charts. \n Answer: He has a great talent for singing.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Lin Yuqun?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6156943fe9154c7ca88a63afed34373c",
            "input": "Article: A good reader becomes sooner or later a good book buyer.The sooner,the better. The reading done in a book drawn from a library can not be so pleasant at the moment nor so  permanently useful as the reading done in our own copy.     A book which is worth reading is likely to be read more than once,and at each reading     some idea or some statement makes such an impression that we wish to refer to it again. Some readers underline the page as they read,but I find that a page which I have underlined can not give me so many fresh impressions as one which has no marks on it.My habit is to make my own index of a book as I read.I put down the number of the page and a word or two to identify the thought or the fact which I get from it.On a second or third reading I am likely to double or triple the size of this index.This is my substitute for underlining.Most of the books in my library are so indexed that I can find quickly the passage which from time to time I wish to look up.     To use a book in this way,organizing it for continued usefulness year after year, we     must,of course,do our reading in a copy which belongs to us.The books I buy are chiefly     those of less expensive editions.     As I have grown older and the number of books on my shelves has increased,I appre-    ciate editions which do not take much room.By careful and continuous selection I keep my     librarv down to ten thousand books.This would be,of course,too large a number for any     but a professional scholar or writer.But my advice to a book lover is to weed but his library     at least once every two years,giving away the books which are not likely to be read again.     And never never buy a book which you will not immediately read.A library bought only for     looks is not literature,but indoor decoration. \n Answer: The reader cannot find the passage he or she wishes to read again.",
            "output": [
                "What is the disadvantage of underlining according to the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a9080693c17044679288cad8adcfe236",
            "input": "Article: A skinny young boy loved football with all his heart. But being half the size of the other boys, he got  ly nowhere. This teenager lived alone with his father. Even though the boy was always standing on the bench , his father was always standing with cheering. He never missed a game. This young man was still the smallest of the class when he entered high school. But his father continued to encourage him. When the young man went to college, he always put his heart and soul to every practice. This persistent young athlete never missed practice during his four years at college, but he never got to play in a game. It was the end of his last football season, and he entered the practice field, the coach met him with a telegram. The young man read the telegram and became silent. He said to the coach, \"My father died this morning.\" the coach said, \"Take the rest of the week off, son.\" The big game arrived and it was not going well. In the third quarter, when the team was ten points behind, a silent man said quietly to the coach. \"Coach, please let me play,\" said the young man. Before long, the players and everyone in the stands could not believe their eyes. This little unknown, who had never played before, was doing everything right. His team finally won. He looked at the coach, with tears in his eyes, and said, \"Well you know my dad died, but did you know that my dad was blind?\" the young man said, \"Dad came to all my games, but today was the first time he could see me play, and I wanted to show him I could do it!\" \n Answer: The boy was shorter than other boys.",
            "output": [
                "Which is the reason why the boy never got to play in a football game?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-41905c706c554f06b4232602a84a3d5a",
            "input": "Article: Twenty years ago, when I was only fifteen, I had to leave school to work in a second-hand car shop to support my family. My work was to fix holes in leather, cigarette burns in seats, and repair windshields .      Every day I worked hard. And I was always optimistic, positive and kind, and tried my best to be angry with anybody. One day while I was repairing the windshield of an old car, Cindy, the shop owner, who was always very rude to me and other workers, came and said it was broken by me. She asked me to pay for it. I have always been an honest person and I felt very embarrassed. And what is worse she blamed me in front of all the other workers. Just at that time, one of my colleagues came and said the windshield was broken because of a falling branch of a tree standing in the yard. However, instead of being angry at being looked upon as someone that was not honest or had no integrity , I went to a flower shop and bought some red roses and had them put in a nice basket that afternoon. I picked out a card and stated that I was sorry for the misunderstanding and that I did not ever have the intention of making her angry. And then I sent them to Cindy. The next morning, I walked into Cindy's office like I did every day with my list of used cars that needed some attention before they were sold and said hello to her with my usual happy and sincere attitude. She gave me a big smile and said, \"Thank you for your flowers.\" Cindy began to change from that day, perhaps because of this small act of kindness. She was always very kind, and would always have a big smile when we walked into her office. I guess people can change with a little bit of kindness! \n Answer: His family was poor and he had to support his family.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author begin to work at such a small age?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8b43f9a424484a15b4390d5ac2b56ef2",
            "input": "Article: We often find that weekends and holidays feel so short while classes and work feel so long. In reality, though, we know that this is not true. But we still wonder where that strange feeling comes from. In fact, this is one of the ways that we're tricked by time, according to the website All That Is Interesting. The website lists several wrong impressions we often have about time. Let's have a look. First of all, emotions affect our time-keeping abilities: Negative emotions, especially anxiety and boredom, make time seem longer because they make us concentrate more on the passage of time. However, when we are enjoying ourselves, we pay more attention to what we are doing and are likely to lose track of(...) time. Here is another example. In 2007, a group of scientists carried out a test. In the test, people fell 50 meters into a safety net and were then asked about their experience. Although the experience took shorter than 3 seconds, the people thought it was much longer than it actually was. This is because of the way our bodies reply to danger, according to the scientists. Our bodies produce a chemical called adrenaline  when we are faced with danger. It allows us to concentrate better so that we can stay alive. As a result, we are able to remember far more details over a short period of time, which makes it seem like time is going more slowly. Another occasion when we make mistakes about time is when we take afternoon naps . Have you ever had trouble telling what time it is after a long nap? That's because the best amount of time for a nap is 20 minutes. After 20 minutes, you enter a new stage of sleep called slow-wave sleep. If you wake up mid-way in this stage, it will take a while before you can correctly perceive  time again. Yes, time can be mysterious and there is no way to control it So, perhaps the best thing to do is to make good use of every minute. \n Answer: Three",
            "output": [
                "How many examples of being tricked by time are mentioned in the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-498f691144ba483a8d2b73b5dd5b1dcd",
            "input": "Article: How to describe the rising philosophy of the day ? I'd say it is data-ism . We now have the ability to gather huge amounts of data . This ability seems to carry with it certain cultural assumptions--that everything that can be measured should be measured ; that data is a transparent and reliable lens that allows us to filter out emotionalism and ideology ; that data will help us do remarkable things--like foretell the future . At the outset let me celebrate two things data does really well . First , it's really good at exposing when our intuitive view of reality is wrong . For example , nearly every person who runs for political office has an intuitive sense that they can powerfully influence their odds of winning the election if they can just raise and spend more money . But this is largely wrong . After the 2006 election , Sean Trende constructed a graph comparing the incumbent campaign spending advantages with their eventual victory . There was barely any relationship between more spending and a bigger victory . Likewise , many teachers have an intuitive sense that different students have different learning styles : some are verbal and some are visual , some focus on details and some on whole . Teachers imagine they will improve outcomes if they tailor their presentations to each student . But there's no evidence to support this either . Second , data can clarify patterns of behavior we haven't yet noticed . For example , I've always assumed people who frequently use words like \" I , \" \" me , \" and \" mine \" are probably more self-centered than people who don't . But as James Pennebaker of the University of Texas notes in his book , The Secret Life of Pronouns , when people are feeling confident , they are focused on the task at hand , not on themselves . High-status , confident people use fewer \" I \" words , not more . In sum , the data revolution is giving us wonderful ways to understand the present and the past . Will it transform our ability to predict and make decisions about the future ? We'll see . \n Answer: Win the election if they can raise enough funds .",
            "output": [
                "What do people running for political office think they can do ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e742f47593a548738af19d1e12d4f6ae",
            "input": "Article: This is a true story of how my car got stuck in water and how a stranger helped me during the worst rain storm. Last Sunday, the sky was grey when I woke up. The weather report said rain was coming, but I couldn't stay home just because of rain. Around 8:00 am I had a doctor's appointment. It wasn't raining then. At 9:00 I left the doctor's office to drive to work, and it was raining hard. I just had to go about 5-6 miles down one main road to get to a nearby school, where I could stay until the rain ended. Unfortunately, the road in front of the school was flooded, and my car stopped in the middle. \"Who is going to save me?\" I wondered. I shut off the engine and turned on my flashers  . I called 911. They were not helpful. I called my husband, even though he couldn't come and help me. I was also very close to a police station. But I never saw even one police car. I decided to get out of the car, since it was still pouring. My best decision of the day had been to wear rain boots. I took my umbrella and quickly got out and ran across the street to a shelter. Before long, a tow truck  happened to pass by the street. The driver kindly offered to help me. At that moment, I really needed car pulled out quickly, so I trusted the stranger. He pulled my car and drove me home. After he had dropped my car off, he also helped me check the engine. He said the engine was most likely flooded, but fortunately there was no water inside the car. Although many years have passed, I still remember that stormy day and the warm-hearted stranger clearly. \n Answer: Cloudy.",
            "output": [
                "How was the weather when the author got up?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e42aad5b6a045e593ed74b8df250f92",
            "input": "Article: The farmer and the stork          After the long winter, the farmers finally began planting their fields. This made the birds very glad, for now there would be millions of seeds  to steal! While some of the birds were careful, the cranes   were daring ; they stole seeds from right under the farmers' noses. The cranes considered stealing is fun, and that morning they asked a simple-minded stork   to come along for the fun.          The stork went along, not knowing what the cranes were up to. But the party ended unexpectedly when the birds all got caught in the trap  of the farmer's net, who had set the trap for just that purpose.          When the farmer discovered the birds in his trap, the stork asked for mercy  .          \"Please, Farmer, sir, I am a stork. I come from a good family that is honest and true. I went along with the cranes, but I had no idea they were going to steal from you,\" the bird said.          \"You may come from a good family, but I caught you with the birds who were stealing. So you will receive the same punishment!\" replied the farmer.          You are judged by the company that you keep. \n Answer: At the beginning of summer.",
            "output": [
                "When did the story happen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b0d49b5245d94f9088929a9af376a126",
            "input": "Article: Don't invite crime--take basic, sensible precautions. Your house and possession are valuable and must be properly protected. When you buy a lock, you buy time --- and this is the one thing a burglar can't afford. Most thieves are casual opportunists to whom the best deterrents  are delay and noise which could mean discovery. When you leave it, lock it! First of all, fit security locks to all doors and windows and a safety chain on the front door. Secondly, use them! If you have any ladders or tools, don't leave them lying about in the garden, lock them away. \"Safe\" or \"secret\" places for keys and valuables are not reliable - nine times out of ten, they are the first place a thief will look. When you move house... When you move into a new home even if it is fitted with security locks, change them. You don't know who else may have keys. Never let strangers into your house. An official - looking cap is not enough, ask for proof of identity and look at it carefully - if you are still not satisfied, don't let the person in. Valuables need special protection Valuables should really be given special protection - preferably by leaving them with your bank. A small security safe works too, but not to the most determined burglar. It is also important to keep an up - to - date list of valuables and their descriptions. In the case of fine art, paintings, or jewelry, color photographs can sometimes be of assistance to the police if you are unfortunate enough to have them stolen. Enter the details on the back of the pictures. But don't keep such documents in your house, keep them at the hank or with your insurance company. Going on holiday? Don't talk about your holidays and future plans loudly in public. Do remember to cancel the milk and newspapers and also to draw curtains back. Operate a \"Good Neighbor\" program to ensure that mail is taken in, the house is checked regularly and that lights are put on. Call at your local police station and tell them you are going away. Make sure that they know how to contact you in case of trouble. Don't leave cash or valuables in the house--take them with you or put them in the bank. \n Answer: You should put them in the safe place and lock the door.",
            "output": [
                "How should you deal with your ladders or tools?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff15db1955a44861a594b3e39096b706",
            "input": "Article: Most people are aware of what the adoption process is because it has become rather common in our society. Adoption is where a child is legally placed with guardians   or parents (or perhaps a single parent) other than the birth mother or father. Once an adoption is finalized, all parental rights are turned over to the adoptive parents and there is no legal difference between adoptive parents and natural birth parents. There are generally two types of adoption, which are closed adoption and open adoption. When an adopted person has access to his or her adoption file and original records, it is referred to as an open adoption. The term is also used to describe any contact that may be between the adoptive family, the birth parents, and the adopted child. The level of openness can change greatly in such contact depending on each individual relationship. There can be indirect contact between the natural birth parents and the child through the form of letters and photographs, or there can be actual physical contact. A semi-open adoption is where the birth parents may have contact with the adoptive parents before the birth of the child, either once or several times. After the birth there is no more contact. A semi-open adoption may remain as it is or it can become either open or closed. A closed adoption is where only the medical and historical information about the biological parents is given to the adoptive family. Typically, the birth and adoptive parents do not know each other's identities. The record of the birth parents is kept sealed  . A closed adoption is usually only effective in the adoption of babies. The adoption of an older child who already knows his or her birth parents cannot be kept closed. \n Answer: 2.",
            "output": [
                "How many adoption types are mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aafd480062e046e996ca9e7428493c64",
            "input": "Article: The principles about applying for jobs have altered greatly lately. In the past, people preferred a handwritten application letter. However, nowadays it is becoming more and more common to apply for a job through the Internet. You can find information on the Internet about how to apply for jobs. Information can be found about how to fulfill your application letter, the clothes that you should wear and how to carry out the interview itself. The importance of body language is often mentioned, but doesn't always get the attention it deserves. After all, before a word has even been spoken, your body language will have already given people their first impression of you. Additionally, your body language will also give out a lot more information. Based on your body language it can be seen if you are self-confident. It can also show if you are a busy or a quiet type and it helps give an impression of whether you are speaking truthfully or not. Body language can show how enthusiastic you are and if you are a nice person, someone who will take his work seriously, but also someone who has a sense of humor and can enjoy a joke from time to time. The members of the application committee will ask you questions, but your answers won't only be oral. The committee will not only pay attention to what you say, but also to how you say it! Body language will determine first if it \"clicks\", and sometimes all it takes is just a few seconds. Everybody uses body language, but it takes place mostly at a subconscious   level. Using body language appropriately, you can definitely increase your chances of getting a job. \n Answer: Jobhunting people",
            "output": [
                "What kind of people is the text mainly meant for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f1cce0085088436e91bdf362ec6f8e1e",
            "input": "Article: A painting by Chinese artist Qi Baishi set a record for modern art andcalligraphy   on the mainland when it sold for 425.5 millionyuanat anauction   on May 22. The sale was a milestone  in the auction of modern and contemporary artworks. The price meant its value had risen more than 2,000 per cent in six years . The work ,Eagle standing on pine tree with four-character coupleti , measures about 2.6 metres by 1 metre . It was the second highest price paid for an artwork on the mainland . A Song dynasty work by Huang Tingjian was sold for 436.8 millionyuanin 2010 . Qi's painting was finished in 1946 when Qi was 86 , and was his largest work . With a starting price of 88 millionyuan, it attracted nearly 50bids in half an hour . Shanghai businessman Liu Yiqian said that the work had belonged to him and had cost less than 20 millionyuanin 2005 . The auction company said the work was brought back to the mainland after being bought from a private owner in San Francisco six years ago . China ranked first in global art sales last year , ahead of the United States and Britain . Four Chinese artists were among the top 10 in worldwide sales : Qi Baishi , Zhang Daqian , Xu Beihong and Fu Baoshi . Qi's works ranked second in sales to Pablo Picasso's last year . Qi was born into a peasant family in Hunan in 1864 . He taught himself to paint and focused on nature including plants , insects , birds and fish . He is mostly well-known for his paintings of shrimps . In 1953 , he was elected president of the Association of Chinese Artists . He died in Beijing in 1957 . \n Answer: The Value of Qi Baishi's Paintings Is on the Increase .",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the text ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6fc52c6915b8445cb9de97e383780840",
            "input": "Article: Most Americans get what money they have from their work; that is, they earn an income from wages or salaries. The richest Americans, however, get most of their money from what they own -- their stocks, bonds, real estate, and other forms of property, or wealth. Although there are few accurate statistics to go by, wealth in American society appears to be concentrated in very few hands. More than 20 percent of everything that can be privately owned is held by less than one percent of the adult population and more than 75 percent of all wealth is owned by 20 percent of American adults. The plain fact is that most Americans have no wealth at all aside from their homes, automobiles, and a small amount of savings. Income in the United States is not as highly concentrated as wealth. In 1917 the richest 10 percent of American families received 26.1 percent of all income, while the poorest 10 percent received 17 percent, mainly from Social Security and other government payments. The most striking aspect of income distribution is that it has not changed significantly since the end of World War II. Although economic growth has roughly doubled real disposable   family income (the money left after taxes and adjusted for inflation) over the last generation, the size of the shares given to the rich and the poor is about the same. By any measure economic inequality is great in the United States. The reality behind these statistics is that a large number of Americans are poor. In 1918, 14 percent of the population was living below the federal government's poverty line, which at that time was an annual income of $ 9 287 for a nonfarm family of two adults and two children. In other words, about one out of seven Americans over 31 million people was officially considered unable to buy the basic necessities of food, clothes, and shelter. The suggested poverty line in 1981 would have been an income of about $11, 200 for a family of four. By this relative definition, about 20 percent of the population or more than 45 million Americans are poor. \n Answer: Their house, cars and small amounts of savings.",
            "output": [
                "What does the majority of the Americans have in terms of wealth?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8793bf2f769d4eb2994068d79c49feab",
            "input": "Article: Scientists in Canada say big ocean fish have almost disappeared from the world since the start of industrial fishing in the nineteen-fifties. The scientists found that population of large fish like tuna; swordfish and cod have dropped by ninety percent in the past fifty years. The study took ten years. The researchers gathered records from fishing businesses and governments around the world. The magazineNaturepublished the findings. The scientists say the common method called longline fishing is especially damaging to populations of large fish. This method involves many fishing lines connected to one boat. These wires can be close to one-hundred kilometers long. They hold thousands of sharp metal hooks to catch fish. Longline fishing is especially common in the Japanese fishing industry. Records showed that Japanese boats used to catch about ten fish for every one-hundred hooks. The study says longline fishing boats now might catch one fish per hundred hooks. The scientists say industrial fishing can destroy groups of fish much faster than in the past. The study suggests that whole populations can disappear almost completely from new fishing areas within ten to fifteen years. Ransom Myers of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia led the study with Boris Worm of Dalhousie and the University of Kiel in Germany. Mister Worm says the destruction could lead to a complete re-organization of ocean life systems. Mister Meyers says the decreased number of large fish is not the only worry. He says even populations that are able to reproduce do not get the chance to live long enough to grow as big as their ancestors . He says not only are there fewer big fish, they are smaller than those of the past. American government scientists say even with the best efforts to protect fish populations, decreases are to be expected. \n Answer: An economic survey.",
            "output": [
                "Where is the passage probably taken from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5f36312a2ff64fb89f013c4acf531673",
            "input": "Article: What kind of pets do people have in your country? Dogs? Cats? How about a duck, hippo  or lion? Here are two cases of animal owners with unusual pets. Barrie Hayman has a pet duck called Star. Barrie adopted  him after his brothers and sisters stayed away from him at birth. Barrie, a duck breeder, realized the little duck needed special attention. So he began taking Star with him everywhere he went. \"I would put him in my pocket while I did my shopping,\" said Barrie. Now, at five months, Star is too big for Barrie's pocket, but the two are still _ . They watch sports, together and even share a drink together. Barrie said, \"He is a fantastic duck. I've never known any like him.\" Star even has his own Facebook page, with more than 2,000 Face book friends. Then there is the case of Tonie and Shirley Joubert in South Africa. They live with their hippo, Jessica. Tonie saved Jessica from floodwaters when she was only a day old. Jessica lives outside their riverside house, but she knows how to open the kitchen door, and often goes there for a snack. Tonie recently said, \"I don't know whether Jessica sees me as a hippo or whether she sees herself as a human.\" Shirley is more certain, \"Jessica sees herself as our child and I see Jessica as my daughter. I can't imagine my life without Jessica.\" Jessica is free to leave, and often visits wild hippos that live nearby. But she always returns home at night. Jessica's website notes that she has three hippo boyfriends, but one in particular,Fred, is her favorite. They often go grazing  together and Fred has recently moved onto the Joubert's house as well. \n Answer: Some unusual pets are adopted by people",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-21120d46610b43c18578749f6a1495de",
            "input": "Article: The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet  is heading towards the earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the earth. On 17 July, a piece of 4 kilometers wide comet enters the Earth's atmosphere with a massive explosion . About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the seabed. Huge waves are created and spread outwards form the hole. The wall of water, a kilometer high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned . Before the waves reach South America, the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina. Earthquakes and volcanoes ash set off in the Andes Mountains. The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes. Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north won't escape for long. Because of the explosions, the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. The sun won't be seen again for many years. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later, no more than 10 million people remain alive. Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the earth. The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldn't live through the cold climate that followed and they died out. Will we meet the same end? \n Answer: An event in imagination.",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly described in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c0a0ddfb8f84a208b886eef3cf21e35",
            "input": "Article: One day a few years ago a very funny thing happened to a neighbor of mine. He is a teacher at one of London's big medical schools, He had finished his teaching for the summer term and was at the airport on his way to Russia to give a lecture. He had put a few clothes and his lecture notes in his shoulder bag, but he had put Rupert, the skeleton   to be used in his lecture, in a large brown suitcase  . At the airport desk, he suddenly thought that he had forgotten to buy a newspaper. He left his suitcase near the desk and went over to the shop. When he got back he discovered that someone had taken his suitcase by mistake. He often wonders what they said when they got home and found Rupert. \n Answer: The teacher's neighbour.",
            "output": [
                "Who wrote the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa7a64c2602e47cbbee9066021930190",
            "input": "Article: A family in Guelph, Ontario is spending a year living \"in 1982\". They're doing it so their kids can see what life was like before technology like iPads, computers and even coffee machines was part of everyday life. They have stopped using all technology from their home and are relying on the things people would have used back in the 80s. There is a box at the front door where people can put their cell phones in, while they're visiting the family. Blair McMillan and his wife Morgan want their kids--Trey, 5, and Denton, 2--to have a year without technology. Instead of reading e-readers, they are reading books. Instead of using a GPS, they used paper maps. The home the family is living in was built in the 1980s. Even the way they dress and style their hair is from the 80s. The whole idea started when young Trey was called to come outside. He didn't because he was busy playing on the ipad. That's why his dad thought of the idea of living \"in 1982\" for a year. The family plans to live like \"it's 1982\" until April next year. To them, one of the hardest things was giving up their cell phone. \n Answer: They can use the phone prepared by the family.",
            "output": [
                "What will the visitors do when they come to see the family?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-117845e3ccc342cfb5aacbc972c5e2c6",
            "input": "Article: People who eat at home most of the time have better nutrition than those who go out to eat , a recent study shows. Cornell University professors Lana Hall and Karen Bunch interviewed(,) 3900 people in the survey. \"People who eat less than 30 percent of their food away from home eat the most nutritiously,\" they said. \"In general, Americans don't have nutrient, except for iron and calcium,\" they reported. They have the opposite problem----over--consumption , especially of fat. The food at many fast food restaurants is often low in vitamins. \"People who eat more than 30 percent of total calories away from home eat foods that are generally low in nutrients per calorie,\" the professors said. More calories and enough nutrient intake  are required to achieve. One of the major health risks  is eating too much fat. The professor found than fat consumption became greater as income  went up. It also went up in houses where the female worked. This is probably because these people eat more highly processed  foods. \n Answer: Eat at home as many times as possible",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following suggestions would you most readily take?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f5175167e09042e4a47095340f1ab41f",
            "input": "Article: Red roses were her favorites; her name was also Rose. And every year her husband sent them, tied with pretty bows. The year he died, the roses were delivered to her door. The card said, \"Be my Valentine \" , like all the years before. Each year he sent her roses, and the note would always say, \"I love you even more this year, than last year on this day. My love for you will always grow, with every passing year.\" She knew this was the last time that the roses would appear. She thought, he ordered roses in advance before this day. Her loving husband did not know that he would pass away. He always liked to do things early. Then, if he got too busy, everything would work out fine. She cut away some stems, placed them in a very special vase, and set the vase beside the picture of his smiling face. She would sit for hours in her husband's favorite chair, staring at his photo and the roses sitting there. A year went by, and it was hard to live without her mate. Loneliness and solitude had become her fate. Then, the very hour, as on Valentine's Day before, the doorbell rang, and there were roses, sitting by her door. She brought the roses in, and just looked at them in shock. Then, she went to get the telephone to call the florist shop. The owner answered, and she asked him, if he would explain why someone would do this to her, causing her such pain. \"I know your husband passed away, more than a year ago,\" the owner said, \"I knew you'd call, and you would want to know. The flowers you received today were paid for in advance. Your husband always planned ahead. He left nothing to chance.\" \"There is a standing order that I have on file down here. And he has paid, well in advance; you'll get them every year. There is also another thing that I think you should know. He wrote a special little card ... he did this years ago.\" \"Then, should ever, I find out that he's no longer here. That's the card ... that should be sent to you the following year.\" She thanked him and hung up the phone ,her tears now flowing hard. Her fingers shaking, she slowly reached to get the card. Inside the card, she saw that he had written her a note.  Then,as she stared in total silence, this is what he wrote: \"Hello my love, I know it's been a year since I was gone. I hope it hasn't been too hard for you to overcome. I know it must be lonely, and the pain is very real. If it was the other way, I know how I would feel. The love we shared made everything so beautiful in life. I loved you more than words can say. You were the perfect wife.\" \"You were my friend and lover; you satisfied my every need. I know it's only been a year, but please try not to grieve. I want you to be happy, even when you shed your tears. That is why the roses will be sent to you for years.\" \"When you get these roses, think of all the happiness that we had together, and how both of us were blessed. I have always loved you and I know I always will. But, my love, you must go on; you have some living still.\" \"Please ... try to find happiness, while living out your days. I know it is not easy, but I hope you find some ways. The roses will come every year, and they will only stop when your door's not answered, when the florist stops to knock. He will come five times that day, in case you have gone out. But after his last visit, he will know without a doubt. To take the roses to the place, where I've instructed him, and place them where we are, together once again.\" \n Answer: Sad and puzzled.",
            "output": [
                "How did Rose feel when she received roses a year after her husband's death?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6fec7f7f9d46433c8e24ecabd513095f",
            "input": "Article: This winter, the air quality over the north China plain was so bad that it was actually off the standard scale. The air pollution reached levels that the World Health Organization describes as dangerous. On Thursday, heavy smog blanketed most of northern and eastern China again. It is reasonable to ask why the air pollution is so bad this winter. Weather conditions and topographic  factors have been given as reasons, but, although contributing factors, these are not to blame. The worsening air pollution is linked to an energy mix that relies heavily on coal and to motor vehicle emissions . But despite the astonishing growth of motor vehicles in our cities, it is the burning of coal that is the biggest cause of air pollution. More than half of the country's power plants are located in the eastern region and China's coal consumption has more than doubled in the past decade, reaching 3.8 billion tons last year, accounting for almost half the world's total coal consumption. And with coal occupying nearly 70 percent of the country's primary energy consumption, it has become critical to reduce the use of coal if we are to solve the nation's overall air pollution problem. In the face of the poisonous air recently, one citizen said, \"we have nothing but hot air to purify the skies\". In fact, the government plans to have 350 billion yuan ($55.67 billion) investment in improving coal-fired facilities and limiting the use of yellow-label cars that do not meet the Euro I emissions standard and so on. However, it would be far more effective to reduce emissions at the source, which means that the biggest challenge currently facing government departments is saying \"no\" to the country's air polluting offenders. According to the Joint Prevention and Control Plan on Air Pollution in Key Regions released recently by the State Council, the amount of coal the nation consumes is set to rise by 30 percent during the period of the 12th Five-Year Plan. This is not going to let anyone breathe easier. This highlights a key problem when it comes to environmental issues in this country - economic development comes first. The fundamental cause of the worsening air pollution is the idea of economic growth at any cost, which has resulted in ever-worsening pollution. And the priority given to economic growth presents another problem, namely the failure of existing environmental protection policies and regulations to control pollution. For instance, the current weak regulations covering emissions would suggest there has been a significant reduction in emissions when clearly this is not the case. Also those enterprises found breaking the regulations are still far lower than the cost of treating the pollution they produce. This means even if many large-scale enterprises with lagging production capacity  fail to meet the requirements for environmental protection, the environmental protection department is incapable of shutting these enterprises down or forcing their relocation.  [: _ Z _ X _ X _ K] Dealing with air pollution requires taking action at the local level to reduce vehicle emissions and at the regional level to reduce industrial emissions. But it also requires giving more priority to environmental issues in policymaking. Our hope is that the environmental protection department will be truly capable of saying \"no\" to pollution, and it will raise standards and effectively enforce them, and that governments at all levels will prioritize quality of life not just economic growth. \n Answer: Because much emphasis has been laid on economic growth regardless of the cost.",
            "output": [
                "Why is it a big challenge for the government to say \"no\" to the air polluting offenders in China?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eafac812889c47ceb1ada77bc8e10ece",
            "input": "Article: Forty years ago, Finland was a small country with ordinary public schools. Today, Finland is still small but no one calls Finland's public schools ordinary anymore. In 2000, the Finns surprised the world when their 15yearolds scored at the top of a closelywatched international exam called the PISA, the Program for International Student Assessment. Finland has stayed near the top ever since, while the US scores around the middle. Pasi Sahlberg, an official of Finland's Ministry of Education and Culture, is in Seattle this week to share the story of Finland's success, and what states like Washington can learn from it. Sahlberg's message, although he is too polite to put it so directly: Stop testing so much. Trust teachers more. Give less homework. Shorten the school day. On Tuesday, in a room filled with teachers, principals, professors, schoolboard members and policy makers, Sahlberg joked about the Finns' reputation for being a quiet, humble people. When Finland hit the top of the PISA, he said, the biggest disbelievers were Finns. More seriously, he said, Finland never set out to create the world's top school system. Instead, he said, the country decided in the 1970s that it wanted to ensure that a student's success didn't depend on family background. To achieve that goal, Finland relied on cooperation among teachers and schools, rather than on competition. Rather than judges teachers and schools based on test scores, he said, Finland puts trust in its teachers and principals. Teachers develop the curriculum  in Finland, and design their own tests. There are no national tests, except one at the end of high school. That's just the start. Along with a shorter school day, Finnish students don't even start school until they are 7 years old. Many primary schools have a policy against giving homework. But Finland, he said, succeeded in part by adapting ideas from the US and other countries. And those countries, he said, can learn from Finland, too. \n Answer: To share the story of Finland's success in education.",
            "output": [
                "What might be the author's purpose in writing the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e796eacece03409abcc13d636fd9ad8c",
            "input": "Article: When Juliet was a child, she often went to the city park and played with her friends. On a sunny morning, when Juliet came to the park with her mum, she looked around and felt very unhappy. \"What's the matter, dear?\" asked her mum. Juliet replied, \"Mum, there's so much trash on the ground.\" Juliet's mum looked around. There was paper, boxes and glass bottles everywhere. \"What can we do?\" asked Juliet. \"I'm sure you will think of something,\" said her mum. As soon as Juliet and her mum went home, Juliet painted a picture of the park and wrote a sign in large black letters at the top of the picture. The sign read \"PLEASE KEEP OUR PARK CLEAN\". Later, she took plenty of bags and went back to the park with her mum. Juliet put up her picture on a big trash can  . \"Will you help me pick up the trash, Mum?\" Juliet said as she handed her mum a bag. \"I sure will,\" replied her mum. The children at the park ran over to see what was going on. Juliet handed them each a bag. \"Let's clean this place up,\" said Juliet. Then they began to pick up the trash, talking and laughing. Soon all the bags were full. \"We need to come back another day. There's still some trash on the ground, but the park looks much better,\" said Juliet. Her mum said, \"So it does. _ \" \n Answer: Because there was too much trash at the park.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Juliet sad?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d5b3fc6c030b4aa898237705d8be2abc",
            "input": "Article: A person has to be sixteen to drive, seventeen to see certain movies, and eighteen to vote. People can get terrific discounts on all sorts of stuff-provided they're over sixty-five. Everywhere we look there are age limits that define what people can and can't do. But creativity has no boundaries, no limitations. Anyone can invent. And they do. Inventors are popping up at the youngest ages. Sitting in the car waiting for her mom to return from shopping, Becky decided she might as well try to finish her math homework. But it was growing dark and getting hard to see the paper. \"I didn't have a flashlight, and I didn't want to open the car door because then the whole car would light up.\" recalled Becky. \"So I thought it would be neat to have my paper light up somehow, and that's when the idea came to me.\" It isn't every day that a ten-year-old invents a product eagerly sought by several businesses, but that's exactly what Becky Schroeder did when she created a tool that enabled people to write in the dark. Her invention? The Glo-sheet. That night Becky went home, trying to imagine different ways of making her paper glow in the dark. She remembered all sorts of glow-in-the-dark toys-like balls and Frisbees-and wondered how they were made. She was determined to find a solution. So they very next day, Beck's dad took her on an outing to the hardware store. They returned with a pail   of _ . She took the paint and stacks of paper into the darkest room in the house-the bathroom. There, she experimented. \"I'd turn on the light, turn it off, turn it on,\" said Becky. \"My parents remember me running out the room saying 'It works, it works! I'm writing in the dark!' \" She used an acrylic board and coated it with a specific amount of phosphorescent paint. She took a complicated idea and made it work rather simply. When the coated clipboard is exposed to light, it glows. The glowing board then illuminates or lights up the paper that has been placed on top. Two years after her initial inspiration, in 1974, Becky became the youngest female ever to receive a U.S. patent. She didn't actively market her Glo-sheet. She didn't need to. The New York Times wrote an article about an incredible invention-patented by a twelve-year-old, and the inquiries and orders streamed in. \n Answer: She was trying to do homework when it got dark.",
            "output": [
                "What caused Becky to invent Glo-sheet?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ec5d14d78ce2469fa4709a2c6f62043b",
            "input": "Article: Several months ago, I attended the opening event for a new children's literacy  campaign at the Burbank Library in California. The campaign is called Marvel Comics Close-Up, aimed at using comic books to encourage kids to read. Disney and Marvel donated 210,000 books to libraries and schools across the country. Stars from Disney XD participated. They read Spider-Man comic books to 70 kids from Boys & Girls Clubs in southern California. The stars included Drake Bell (Ultimate Spider-Man), Dylan Riley Snyder (Kickin' It), Olivia Holt (Kickin' It) and Cole Jenson (Crash & Bernstein). Drake Bell said that the Marvel reading campaign is aimed at kids who are bored with books, believing comic books are the answer for kids who say they'd rather play video games. \"Comic books really get you into the story,\" he told TFK(Time For Kids). \"They are not just words or pictures on a page.\" Dylan Riley Snyder knows from his experiences that comic books have the power to inspire kids' imagination. His mom was a teacher and she used comic books to interest students who thought they weren't interested in reading. Dylan attended these classes. He would read the comic books and draw the characters along with the students. \"It was a great way for these kids to start to enjoy reading,\" Dylan said. \"That's how I got interested in reading too. Now I can share my love for comic books with others through the Marvel Comics Close-Up program.\" David Levine is the Vice President of Disney XD Worldwide. He said great stories and great characters, like Spider-Man and The Avengers, were key to making reading fun. \"Reading can encourage you to explore new things and take you to all sorts of exciting places,\" he told TFK. \n Answer: To introduce some new comic books.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of the Marvel reading campaign?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e49b8cf11b34b859a029c75e8edb14f",
            "input": "Article: Geneva  Tourist Guide Universal compact app for iPhone 6 / iPhone 6 Plus / iPhone 5 / iPhone / iPod / iPad GENEVA TOURIST GUIDE with attractions, museums, restaurants, bars, hotels, theatres and shops with traveler reviews and ratings, pictures, rich travel information, prices and opening hours. Discover what's on and places to visit in Geneva with our new cool app. It will guide you to top attractions and shopping malls, and tell you directions to hotels, bars, and restaurants. This is an all-in-one app for all the local attractions. Our travel guide to Geneva features up-to-date information on attractions, hotels, restaurants, shopping, nightlife, travel tips and more. Highlights: * Geneva Information -- Overview, climate, geography, history and travel * Attractions -- Ancient sites, beaches, botanical gardens, coffee farms, museums, scenic drives, towns, waterfalls, religious and historical sites, etc. * Hotels -- From luxury hotels to budget accommodations, including reviews, price comparison, address and more. * Map -- It is an interactive map and get turn-by-turn driving directions. Find traffic details, road conditions, street maps, multi map, satellite photos, and aerial maps. Allow you to easily search and find local businesses with directions. * Gallery -- Picture galleries of Geneva's most beautiful sights, interesting events, unusual occasions and more. * POI Search -- Search everything at Geneva. Enter any keyword or name to search. Find Name, address, distance, route map, call, and directions to every business location. * Translator -- Supports 52 languages, Large text Translation. * World Clock -- All major cities of the world (1000 Cities). \n Answer: An app",
            "output": [
                "What is Geneva Tourist Guide?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f67011401fe044228360c11e47838640",
            "input": "Article: In a 2013 study, it was reported that almost 66 percent of recent high school graduates went to college, a 4 percent decline since 2009, when college enrollment  reached an all-time high. So, what are the other 35 percent of high school graduates doing after they walk out of their school for the last time? Here are what some Robinson High students have planned. For Robbie Claiborne, graduation means the start of a military career.He plans to join the Coast Guard after graduation.\"I was born around the ocean.I love the water.I want to fight for my country and for what I love,\" said Claiborne. Others just want a break from school.\"I really want to take _ ,\" Liliam Clavijo said.\"I'd really love to work in Spain for a year before going to college.\" Most students, however, are rather excited.Eban Trunk, a junior, has been planning his future career since middle school.\"I really want to be a mailman.It just seems like a cool job.Everyone loves the mailman,\" Trunk said.\"One day the idea just came to me, and I knew that was what I wanted to do.\" For many students, a high school diploma means more choices.\"I'm not really sure what I'll do after high school,\" senior Joshua Loring said.\"I might do technical school.I'm in auto shop classes right now.\" Meanwhile, Cassidy Grunderson plans on working at Busch Gardens full time.\"I just want to live on my own, get a job and move out,\" Grunderson said. Stephen Hambleton, who teaches auto tech classes at Robinson, says many of his students choose to enter the automobile industry after graduation.\"It's an instant job, and after taking years of auto shop in high school, it's easy to get hired,\" he said.Several seniors in his class, including Loring, plan to enter the industry upon graduation. \"College isn't for everyone, and I really respect people who decide to do their own thing,\" said Coleman Parks, a senior student.\"I think too many people feel that they're only as valuable as their degree.\" Graduates are proving that college isn't the only option when high school ends. \n Answer: College enrollment in 2013 is not as high as that in 2009.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the study in 2013?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3bef84fd01dd41399514858c7c5a7c8c",
            "input": "Article: Physical fitness refers to good health, and is the result of regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition, and proper rest for physical recovery. A person who is physically fit will be able to walk or run without getting breathless and he or she will be able to carry out the activities of everyday living and will not need help. How much each person can do will depend on their age and whether they are a man or woman. A physically fit person usually has a normal weight for height. The relation between height and weight is called the Body Mass Index. A taller person can be heavier and still be fit. If a person is too heavy or too thin for the height it may affect the health.  Mental health refers to a person's emotional and psychological well-being. \"A state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her thinking and emotional(feeling) abilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life.\" One way to think about mental health is by looking at how well a person functions. Feeling capable and efficient, being able to handle normal levels of stress, having good friends and family, and leading an independent life, and being able to \"bounce back\" or recovering from hardships, are all signs of mental health. Public Health refers to trying to stop a disease that is unhealthy to the community, and does not help in long life or promote your health. This is fixed by organized efforts and choices of society, public and private clubs, communities and individuals. It is about the health of many people, or everybody, rather than one person. Public health stops instead of encouraging a disease through surveillance  of cases. To prevent being sick, it is good to do healthy behaviors, such as hand washing, vaccination programs and so on. When infectious diseases break out, washing hands may be especially important. \n Answer: Physical, Mental and Public Health",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-66ea57f611214d8a80909a9415b4eaa8",
            "input": "Article: Twenty-first century humanity has mapped oceans and mountains, visited the moon, and surveyed the planets. But for all the progress, people still don't know one another very well. That brings about Theodore Zeldin's \"feast of conversation\"-events where individuals pair with persons they don't know for three hours of guided talk designed to get the past \"Where are you from?\" Mr. Zeldin, an Oxford University professor, heads Oxford Muse, a 10-year-old foundation based on the idea that what people need is not more information, but more inspiration and encouragement. The \"feast\" in London looks not at politics or events, but at how people have felt about work, relations among the sexes, hopes and fears, enemies and authority, the shape of their lives. The \"menu of conversation\" includes topics like \"How have your priorities  changed over the years?\" Or, \"What have you rebelled against the past?\" As participants gathered, Zeldin opened with a speech: that despite instant communications in a globalized age, issues of human heart remain. Many people are lonely, or in routines that discourage knowing the depth of one another. \"We are trapped in shallow conversations and the whole point now is to think, which is sometimes painful,\" he says. \"But thinking interaction is what separates us from other species, except maybe dogs...who do have generations of human interactions.\" The main rules of the \"feast\": Don't pair with someone you know or ask questions you would not answer. The only awkward moment came when the multi-racial crowd of young adults to seniors, in sun hats, ties and dresses, looked to see whom they would be 'intimate' with for hours. But 15 minutes later, everyone was seated and talking, continuing full force until organizers interrupted them 180 minutes later. \"It's encouraging to see the world is not just a place of oppression and distance from each other,\" Zeldin summed up. \"What we did is not ordinary, but it can't be madder than the world already is.\" Some said they felt \"liberated\" to talk on sensitive topics. Thirty-something Peter, from East London, said that \"it might take weeks or months to get to the level of interaction we suddenly opened up.\" \n Answer: Deep and one-on-one.",
            "output": [
                "What can the \"conversations\" be best described as?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c09d763812964bafa7577dd58ced032c",
            "input": "Article: If you are a fruit grower -- or would like to become one --join in Apple Day to see what's around. It's called Apple Day but in fact it's more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has become popular, events now last through most of October around Britain. Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety  of apples. To people who are used to the limited kinds of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite eye-opening to see some classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn't taste of anything special, it's still worth a try. There are also varieties developed to suit certain local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's _ for most apple lovers who fall in love with it. At the apple events, you can also meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well entertained with apple-themed fun and games. Apple days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards . If you want to have a real orchard experience, visit the National Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent. \n Answer: Plant fruit trees in an orchard.",
            "output": [
                "What can people do at the apple events?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-60eeb40f137c45f49b4b2a2ce11f7011",
            "input": "Article: In the history of Hawaii, surfing is a serious thing. Ancient leaders used the sport as a training exercise to keep themselves strong. They also used surfing competitions instead of wars to solve conflicts between people. For a long time ,this tradition of surfing was known mainly to the people of Hawaii. Then Duke Kahanamoku came along and changed the world. When he was 21years old, Duke broke two world swimming records. Not surprisingly, Duke easily made the Olympic swimming team in 1912.During his Olympic career, Duke won three gold medals and two silver medals in swimming. When Duke finished winning medals at the Olympics, he toured the world. He also brought along his surfboard. Duke had been surfing ever since he was a little boy. In 1917,he rode a single wave for more than a mile! Duke amazed people by riding his 16-foot-long board. He is considered the father of modern surfing. Since Duke was handsome and strong, people loved to watch him. His next career move was clear. Duke headed for Hollywood. From 1925 to 1955,he made more than 30 movies. One day in 1925, Duke and a few other surfers were hanging out on the beach when a boat turned over not far from them. The surfers hit the waves with their big boards and saved 12 of the passengers. Duke alone saved eight of them! After that, lifeguards at beaches started using surfboards to save swimmers. Helping others was a big thing in Duke's life. In 1932,Duke became sheriff of Honolulu, Hawaii, holding the position for almost 30 years. As sheriff, in fact, his job was to greet visitors who came to the city .From the Olympics to Hollywood, Duke Kahanamoku had put Hawaii on the map when it was still a little known island. When he was 75 years old, Dukes name was added to both the Swimming Hall of Fame and the Surfing Hall of Fame. He died in 1968 at the age of 78. \n Answer: The achievements of Duke.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0cbf93a2c9064301bd59f9172029ae8d",
            "input": "Article: Children at school need this type of memory on a daily basis for a variety of tasks, such as following teachers' instructions or remembering oral sentences. During the study, volunteers were asked to perform one of two simple tasks during which researchers checked to ask if the participants' minds were wandering. At the end, participants measured their working memory ability by remembering a series of letters with simple maths questions. Daniel, a psychologist in the United States, said that those with higher working memory ability reported \"more mind wandering during these simple tasks\", but their performance did not suffer. The results, published online in the journal Psychological Science, appear to confirm previous research that found working memory allows humans to deal with multiple   thoughts at the same time. Dr Smallwood,in Leipzig,Germany,said: \"What this study seems to suggest is that, when circumstances for the task aren't very difficult, people who have additional working memory resources arrange _ to think about things other than what they're doing. \" Working memory ability is also associated with general measures of intelligence, such as reading comprehension and IQ scores, and also offers a window into the widespread, but not well understood, field of internally   driven thoughts. Dr Smallwood added: \"Our results suggest the sorts of planning that people do quite often in daily life--when they are on the bus, when they are cycling to work, when they are in the shower--are probably supported by working memory. \n Answer: Wandering mind is sharper",
            "output": [
                "What can be a suitable title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6cff544b176a4b7e87c098aa22342aed",
            "input": "Article: Computers have beaten human world champions at chess and, earlier this year, the board game Go. So far, though, they have struggled at the card table. So we challenged one AI to a game. Why is poker  so difficult? Chess and Go are \"information complete\" games where all players can see all the relevant information. In poker, other players' cards are hidden, making it an \"information incomplete\" game. Players have to guess opponents' hands from their actions--tricky for computers. Poker has become a new benchmark for AI research. Solving poker could lead to many breakthroughs, from cyber security to driverless cars. Scientists believe it is only a matter of time before AI once again _ humans, hence our human-machine match comes up in a game of Texas Hold's Em Limit Poker. The AI was developed by Johannes Heinrich, researcher studying machine learning at UCL. It combines two techniques: neural  networks and reinforcement learning . Neural networks, to some degree, copy the structure of human brains: their processors are highly interconnected and work at the same time to solve problems. They are good at spotting patterns in huge amounts of data. Reinforcement learning is when a machine, given a task, carries it out, learning from mistakes it makes. In this case, it means playing poker against itself billions of times to get better. Mr Heinrich told Sky News: \"Today we are presenting a new procedure that has learned in a different way, more similar to how humans learn. In particular, it is able to learn abstract patterns, represented by its neural network, which allow it to deal with new and unseen situations.\" After two hours of quite defensive play, from the computer at least, we called it a draw. \n Answer: Because the computer can't know the other players' cards completely.",
            "output": [
                "Why can't the computer beat humans at the poker game?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-326b7ebe75d94532b0ce6e1e7b223be6",
            "input": "Article: The biggest danger facing airlines nowadays may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with portable computer in business class. In the last 16 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference  . The source of this interference remains not proved, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTC.A. an organization which advises the aviation ( )industry, has suggested that all airlines ban such devices from being used during \"critical\" stages of flight particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently , rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some air- lines prevent passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are unwilling to carry out a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flight. The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft's computers. Experts know that portable devices send out radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not. The fact that aircraft may be fragile to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying,though, is the passenger who can 't hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music's too loud. \n Answer: They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference.",
            "output": [
                "What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 16 years?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-17bcf420afd648b4a60e95f057ad0195",
            "input": "Article: Meet Jeff Wilson AKA Professor Dumpster , an environmental scientist and the Dean of Huston Tillotson University in Austin, Texas. The reason for his unusual nickname? He has decided to live in a dumpster for the next year. Yes, the kind that you might find filled with trash behind a restaurant.     Wilson says the inspiration to do something first hit him two years ago, when he was working on an article at a neighborhood coffee shop and caught sight of an eight-yard dumpster.     Now that he has found one, Professor Dumpster is putting his students to work. After all, the point of this project isn't just to spend his life living out of a garbage can: there is, a much greater purpose involved. As an environmental scientist, the professor constantly thinks about sustainable living and how every person should try to minimize his/her impact on our already stretched resources. That, is the challenge Wilson wanted his students to step up to, this entire year.     Using their math, science, engineering and technology skills, he wants them to retrofit  his 33 square-foot dumpster into a modern space that includes a shower, a toilet, a kitchen and a bed and is fitted with conveniences like air-conditioning and even WiFi. The demand? It all has to be green and sustainable. www.ks5u.com     So why is Wilson planning to go through such hardship? That is because he wants to equip his students with the tools to survive in a world that is rapidly heading towards a population of 10 billion people. A large majority of the population adjust to living in tighter spaces in the world where resources and space should be limited to be used.     By promoting awareness and education on these subjects, Wilson is helping students everywhere see that living \"small\" and sustainably is certainly possible. And while the dumpster project may seem a little crazy to some, the professor thinks of it as a \"playful and imaginative\" educational experiment and conversation-starter to discuss the fact that all of us can do with less as we move into the future. \n Answer: Finding sustainable living ways of using fewer resources.",
            "output": [
                "What is Jeff Wilson concerned about all the time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aeb02a2014b745b5bdebeb385abbc00f",
            "input": "Article: British men are encouraged to cry. There are certain things British men like to believe about themselves. The first is that one day they will again win the World Cup. They also believe they do not cry. Over the centuries, Britons are believed to have a \"stiff upper lip\". But is this true? Yes, it is. A recent study arranged by Kleenex on how the British express their emotions reveals that 95 percent of them still _ their emotions. Moreover, while 72 percent think this is unhealthy, 19 percent can't remember the last time they \"let it out\". As a result, Kleenex is launching the \"Let It Out\" campaign that encourages Britons to grab a tissue and have a good cry. These days, however, the male Briton's attitude toward crying is changing. Though the majority still struggles to open up emotionally, a 2004 study by Oxford's Social Issues Research Center found that 77 percent of British men considered crying in public increasingly acceptable. Half of London males admitted crying in front of their mothers. Scotsmen are the least emotional, although they are the most likely to cry at weddings. Peter Marsh, director of the center, said, \"Crying can now indicate sensitivity rather than weakness. Like with David Beckham, crying because you're dropping off your boy at nursery isn't seen as weak.\" Winston Churchill was said to be a frequent crier, shedding tears at seeing a survivor in an air raid shelter , and when he saw his wife after a long absence. Psychologists say that while society has accepted that men can cry, there are limits. Ronald Bracey, a consulting psychologist, said, \"If a man began to cry when he was having stitches in hospital, he would be considered as a wimp . Men still need to be seen as strong when it comes to physical pain. \" \n Answer: Different attitudes British men have towards crying.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly deal with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18f25e564ae84e98aefd49a8690edcba",
            "input": "Article: There once was a very honest shopkeeper whose business was to provide goods to the local people. He would open his shop at 8:00 a.m. after having his breakfast and at 1:00 p.m. he would go for lunch. In the evening at 8:30 p.m. he closed his shop to complete his daily routine. However, to get time for lunch was really difficult because he didn't have anybody to help him at that time. Therefore, it was his daily practice that whichever customer was shopping at 1:00 p.m. would be asked to oversee   the shop until the shopkeeper returned from lunch.  One day, a group of four thieves planned to steal from his shop while he was gone for lunch. One of the thieves went at 1:00 p.m. to be the customer that would be asked to oversee the shop. The thief, pretending to be a customer, went in at 1:00 p.m. and started buying several items. As planned, the shopkeeper asked the thief to sit on his chair for thirty minutes until he returned from lunch. Then, the other three thieves quickly came and told the pretend customer to help, but something had changed within him and he knew deeply in his heart that if he was given responsibility for the shop, he should not perform any dishonest acts during that time. His friends did not agree. As the now honest man tried to stop them, they resisted   and a fight started. And at the same time the shopkeeper returned and asked why there was a fighting. The now honest man explained the entire plan. The shopkeeper had been searching for an honest man who could take ownership of the shop and run it. The shopkeeper felt that he had found the right man. \n Answer: He had nobody to keep the shop when he went for lunch.",
            "output": [
                "What is the problem for the shopkeeper?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3b128fb69b4d485ca3e90a6cbd69b1aa",
            "input": "Article: Back in the fifteenth century, in a tiny village near Nuremberg, lived a family with eighteen children.In spite of the hopeless condition, two of the children, Albrecht Durer and Albert, had a dream.They both wanted to pursue their talent for art.After many long discussions, the two boys finally worked out an agreement.They would toss a coin.The loser would go down into the nearby mines and, with his earnings, support his brother who attended the academy.Then, when that brother who won the toss completed his studies, in four years, he would support the other brother at the academy. Tossing a coin, Albrecht Durer won and went off to Nuremberg.Albert went down into the dangerous mines and, for the next four years, supported his brother, _ work at the academy was almost an immediate sensation .By the time he graduated, he had earned considerable fees for his outstanding works. When the young artist returned to his village, the Durer family held a festive dinner to celebrate Albrecht's triumphant homecoming.Albrecht drank a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice that had enabled him to complete his dream.\"And now, Albert, blessed brother of mine, now it is your turn.Now you can go to Nuremberg to look for your dream, and I will take care of you.\" Tears streaming down his pale face, Albert sobbed, \"No...no...It is too late for me.Look...look at what four years in the mines have done to my hands!The bones in every finger have been broken at least once, and lately I have been suffering from arthritis so badly in my right hand that I cannot even hold a glass to return your toast, much less draw delicate lines with a pen or a brush.\" To show thanks to Albert for all that he had sacrificed, Albrecht Durer painstakingly drew his brother's injured hands with palms together and thin fingers stretched skyward.He called his powerful drawing simply \"Hands\", but the entire world almost immediately opened their hearts to his great masterpiece and renamed it \"The Praying Hands\".The next time you see a copy of that touching creation, let it be your reminder--no one ever makes any success alone! \n Answer: Their family couldn't afford the academy.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the two brothers work out the agreement?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-598f83c3f45a4f69861a7d62d8e6b823",
            "input": "Article: The Government should raise taxes on air travel and high-polluting cars in order to help the environment, an important committee of MPs  has said. It also said that the 70 mph speed limit on motorways should be reduced or enforced to bring down the amount of carbon dioxide given off by cars The House of Common Enviromental Audit committee's latest report said that transport was the only sector of the UK where carbon  _ have continued to rise since 1990. It said it was time for the Government to make demand for cheap air impossible by raising air passenger tax. Emissions from air traffic have risen by 5 times as much since 1900 and are continuing to rise. The committee welcomed the recent introduction of changed car tax, which means that the lowest-carbon cars pay no road tax, while gas-guzzling 4x4s pay an increased rate of PS210. However, the MPs say it doesn't go far enough and are calling for a top limit of PS1,800 with lower limit of PS200. Committee chairman Tim Yeo said : \"Air travel in particular is the fastest growing source of CO2, with emissions more than five times since 1900. The Government should take much more decisive action to reduce the difference of income favor of trains, buses, and lower carbon cars and lorries.\" Friends of the Earth's senior organizer Tony Bosworth said: \"Emissions from transport are still rising and forecasts suggest they will carry on rising for years to come.\" \"Tinkering around the edges is no longer enough to deal with the greatest threat the world faces.\" A spokesman for the Department for Transport said: \"Dealing with carbon emissions in transport is a key problem.\" \n Answer: To help the environment.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of Government's raising taxes on air travel and high-polluting cars?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f2e93966199a4c199c5d882edf6cb273",
            "input": "Article: Many years ago my student asked me the question, \"Mrs. Kindred, why do you teach?\" Without taking time to reflect, I answered, \"Because someday I might say something that might make a difference in someone's life.\" Even though I was sincere, that wasn't a very good answer and my student didn't let it slide. \"Let me get this straight,\" he said, \"You went to college for four years so you could come here every day because you have the hope that someday you might say something that will influence someone?\" He shook his head as if I were crazy and walked away looking confused. I'm one of those people who look back and wish they had said something smart or witty, or swift. Even though that particular student might no longer wonder why I teach, there are days when I wonder. On those days, I remind myself of the real reasons I teach: It's in my blood. My mother was my most influential teacher, and she was a 6th grade reading teacher until her death in 1990. She instilled  in me a love of reading and the knowledge that education opens doors. Teaching is a way to make a difference. If you throw a stone in a pond the ripples go on and on until they reach the shore. You can't have ripples without a \"stone.\" Good teachers throw stones that make a positive difference, and that's what I strive to do. I genuinely love teenagers. I want to share with others what I know and what I have learned through the years. Life is full of ups and downs, and if I can help students avoid some potholes on the road of life, I want to do so. If they'll allow me to celebrate their victories with them, I want to do too. Teaching isn't for everyone, but I know I made the right career choice. \n Answer: Because he thought her answer was unbelievable.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the student continue to ask the question about the writer's being a teacher?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e058727a6644abc95631834321017f9",
            "input": "Article: Aava Whistler Hotel Star Ratings:                                Location: Whistler Rooms:192    Stay at the Aava Whistler Hotel (formerly Coast Whistler Hotel) and experience a great vacation. The Aava Whistler Hotel is within minutes from over a hundred shopping malls and restaurants. It also has a great number of recreational facilities,including swimming,diving and even skiing. Hotel services include 24-hour reception,laundry and room service. Guests can stay in cozy rooms equipped with air-conditioning, bathroom and television. From CN Y=496 per night. Best Western Cairn Croft Hotel Star Ratings:                       Location: East Lundy's Lane Room:l66   Relax and unwind at the Best Western Cairn Hotel. This resort-style hotel is located just minutes from the airport. At the Best Western Cairn Croft, guests can enjoy a large number of recreational facilities,including children's activities, sightseeing and a swimming pool. Business travelers can also take advantage of spacious meeting and banqueting facilities for hosting corporate events. All rooms come with basic amenities . From CNY=439 per night.   Clarion Hotel&Suites Downtown Montreal Star Ratings:                           Location:Montreal Rooms:266     Conveniently located just 20 minutes from the airport, the Clarion Hotel&Suite Downtown Montreal is a moderately-priced three-star hotel that provides services to both business and leisure travelers. The Clarion has spacious meeting facilities and modern business centers for business travelers. It also has a sauna and whirlpool where guest can relax. All rooms come with basic amenities, including cable TV and a   kitchenette. From CNY=553 per night. Delta Bow Valley Hotel Star Ratings:                            Location:Calgary Rooms:398   The Delta Bow Valley Hotel is located a couple of blocks north of Olympic Plaza, east of James Short Park, and north-east of the Petro-Canada Centre. Apart from business and recreational services such as a business centre,fitness centre and restaurant,  all rooms in the Delta come with a mini bar and in-house movies. From CNY=l,227 per night. \n Answer: They all have a three star ratings.",
            "output": [
                "What do all four of the hotels have in common?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f70d124266cf4c8d8a385ec74a65e62d",
            "input": "Article: Jose Andre Montano Baina was born and raised in the town of Totora, Bolivia-not exactly the home of jazz.But now he is taking the Bolivian and the world music scene by storm.He has already performed in some of the country's top occasions including the Legislative Palace and alongside famous musicians like Bolivian rocker Glen Vargas-what's so great about that? How about the fact that Jose is just seven years old and, has no vision! The young musician began to show his extraordinary music talent at the age of four when he started playing the-drums with a high standard of ability and skills, which are usually played by artists three times .his age.After mastering them, he quickly moved on to the piano and by the age of five had formed a jazz band! And, while the young boy knows every jazz song in the book and can play them all with great ease and confidence, it is not the only kind of music he enjoys.This Bolivian prodigy   has well-rounded musical taste and isn't limited to jazz.He also loves listening to blues, heavy metal, tango, bolero and anything in between! His extremely proud father is quick to admit that he has nothing to do with his son's unusual talent.In fact he didn't even know much about jazz until Jose started to play.\"I didn't know jazz before, he got me into it.It's as if he was born with a jazz chip   inside him, 1 don't know how to explain how it came.about; it's like the jazz was already inside him.\" His father recalled. As for the young rising superstar, he leads a pretty normal life despite all the fame.Just like the rest of you, he goes to school, does homework and yes, has chores assigned   to him as well! \n Answer: Young blind jazz prodigy rises in Bolivia.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0f2a5d7e2ed240e398089c21336f74da",
            "input": "Article: Most people report that they do not usually feel confident. But exciting things can happen when we actually believe in ourselves. Here is a man who believed in his own ability even as a boy, and that confidence helped shape his adult life. At the turn of the last century, a young boy quit school to help with the family expenses. When he was fifteen, he became interested in automobiles  and worked in a garage. He subscribed to a correspondence home study course on automobiles and, after a long day in the garage, studied at the kitchen table by lamplight. When he felt ready, he walked into the Frayer-Miller Automobile Company of Columbus, Ohio. When Mr. Frayer noticed him, he asked, \"Well, what do you want?\" \"I just thought I'd tell you I'm coming to work here tomorrow morning,\" the boy replied.   \"Oh! Who hired you?\" \"Nobody yet, but I'll be on the job in the morning. If I'm not worth anything, you can fire me.\" Early the next morning the young man returned to the plant. Noticing the floor was thick with metal shavings and accumulated dirt, the boy got a broom and set out to clean the place.  Because of his self-confidence and work ethic, the boy's future was predictable. He went on to stand out in many fields, including automobile racing, piloting World War I planes and founding what was to become one of America's largest airline companies -- Eastern Airlines. People who become more confident habitually encourage themselves. Without confidence, we are not likely to move far in the direction of our dreams. But become our own best friend and almost anything will be possible. It is important that we always believe in ourselves. In order to reach victory, we must believe in ourselves even when we make mistakes and fall short. \n Answer: He studied hard at home.",
            "output": [
                "How did the boy learn knowledge concerning automobiles?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d22efd548b064d21963e6b0eeef45a7c",
            "input": "Article: I still remember my college days after I was initiallygiven my assignments of writing different papers. I enjoyed my first week with new friends and teachers as they were quite friendly and sociable. But I didn't realize that there was a dark era in my life, which was the horrifying day after I found that my term papers with empty pages. I had no way out. I was not alone. All the new students were feeling exactly the same way. I gathered some courage and started thinking to find methods to help me write my term papers. I went to my history teacher. She was very kind and always prepared to help new students. She told me that I should act like a professional student and not take my work lightly. She also provided some encouraging tips which really improved my confidence. I was instructed to go to the library and gather books that have relevant material or topics about the term papers. The next step was to find related chapters in those books. I did as I was ordered. Throughout the whole process of term papers there was something quite interesting and pleasing. She didn't assist me in doing any practical thing, but gave instructions one by one. With a large pile of reference books, we left the library and she told me to review those chapters. I got a lot of information and data. I had been feeling proud and happy as I got a good idea about the topics. She told me to create a 2000-word essay in my own words. I had been happy that it took only two days to finish my task. She did further editing and told me to make a bibliography , which was not a hard task. I felt quite lucky to see the term papers had a professional appearance. I also felt lucky to have such a good teacher as her. \n Answer: Pleasant.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author think of the beginning of his college life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-91f6803ec38840b1a299895b5e1bfcba",
            "input": "Article: If you are a high school senior graduating and looking to enter college in 2006, you will take the new exam. The biggest change to the SAT   will be the introduction of a new writing section. The writing section will consist of two parts: an essay and a multiple-choice section. Students will be given 25 minutes to respond to a prompt   and construct a well-organized essay that effectively deals with the task. The essay question may require students to complete a statement, to react to a quote, or to agree or disagree with a point of view. In any case, a good essay will support the chosen position with specific reasons and examples from literature, history, art, science, current affairs, or even a student's own experiences. Essays will be scored based on the procedures for the current SAT II: Writing Test. Essays will be graded by two independent readers On a scale of 1~6, and their two scores will be combined to form an essay subscore that ranges from 2 to 12. Should the readers' scores vary by more than 2 points, a third reader will score the essay; The readers will be high school teachers and college professors who teach composition. To ensure that essays will be scored in a timely manner, they will be scanned and made available to readers on the Internet for grading purpose. The writing section will also include multiple-choice grammar and usage questions. Some of these questions will call upon students to improve given sentences and paragraphs. Others will present students with sentences and require them to identify mistakes in diction  , grammar, sentence construction, subject-verb agreement, proper word usage. The highest possible score on the new writing section will be 800. Scores on the essay and multiple-choice section will be combined to produce a single score. A writing subscore will also be assigned. The highest possible scores on the Critical Reading and Math sections will remain 800 each, making 2,400 a perfect score on the new SAT. \n Answer: Essay and multiple-choice.",
            "output": [
                "Which parts are included in the writing section of SAT according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-63e096e5dbcd468e846a60b76a969d7f",
            "input": "Article: Life in 2060     Let us suppose it is now about A.D. 2060. Let's make believe(;) it is about sixty years from now. Of course, things have changed and life is very different.     Voyages to the moon are being made every day. It is as easy to take a holiday on the moon today as it was for the people in 1960 to take a holiday in Europe. At a number of scenic spots on the moon, many hotels have been built. The hotels are air-conditioned, naturally. In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the moon, every room has at least one picture window. Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment  of young and old.     What are people eating now? People are still eating food. They haven't yet started to take on heir  supply of energy directly as electrical current or as nuclear power. They may some day. But many foods now come in pill form, and the food that goes into the pill continues to come mainly from green plants.     Since there are several times as many people in the world today as there were a hundred years ago, most of our planet's surface has to be filled. The deserts are irrigated with water and crops are no longer destroyed by pests. The harvest is always good.     Farming, of course, is very highly developed. Very few people have to work on the farm. It is possible to run the farm by just pushing a few buttons now and then.     People are now largely vegetarians . You see, as the number of people increases, the number of animals decreases. Therefore, the people have to be vegetarians and we are healthier both in our bodies and in our minds, and we know the causes and cure of disease and pain, and it is possible to get rid of diseases. No one has to be ill any more.     Such would be our life in 2060. \n Answer: Many tourists.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what will be on the moon in about A.D. 2060?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad6fd72ce787416590cd6d8bc9bd4d82",
            "input": "Article: Below is a housing guide for students going to London. University accommodation  offices Many university accommodation offices have their own list of registered landlords  . Others also provide information on accommodation agencies and other housing organizations. The advantage of using your university accommodation office is that you can get some support if you have a problem. The disadvantage is that they are unlikely to have enough registered landlords to houses all their students. Property papers: Loot and Renting Loot is an important source   of information about private housing for co-renters. The offers are from private landlords, agencies and individuals looking for other co-renters. They also have a website: www.loot.com. The advantage of using Loot is that there are some excellent bargains. The disadvantage is that there is no quality control over the offers. Renting is another useful paper. The offers in this paper are mainly from accommodation agencies. Their website is at www.renting.co.uk. Accommodation agencies The majority of rented accommodation in London is probably advertised through accommodation agencies. The advantage of using accommodation agencies is that: you will have access to a large number of accommodations. A good agent will listen to your requirements and can save you time in looking for the right accommodation. The disadvantage is that they will make a range of charges to potential renters. Noticeboards Around the universities you will find a number of noticeboards where offers of accommodation will be posted. These will either be from landlords or from students. Some universities will also have online noticeboards where students can advertise to other students. Advertisements from students can be an excellent way to find accommodation. However, advertisements from landlords can be problematic. Word of mouth Some of the best housing in London is never advertised but is passed on from one group of students to another by word of mouth. It might be that you can find out about good offers from final year students. However, don't suppose that just because you have found out about housing from a friend it is necessarily going to be better than that found through any other source. Family Faced with the very high rents charged in London, some students and their parents will consider buying as an alternative. In some cases this might be a good choice. \n Answer: There are some good bargains.",
            "output": [
                "What is the advantage of using Loot?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7befae58b23f4357951b0f76b7f0e604",
            "input": "Article: Language is a way to communicate with each other. We started to learn language when we were born. However, people are used to speaking their native language, so immigrants are having many problems between the first generation and the second generation because they don't have the same native language. Also, the second generation is losing their identity. Especially in America, there are many immigrants that came from different countries to succeed in the States.  Because they suffer in lots of areas such as getting a job and trying to speak English, they want their children to speak English, not only at school, but also at home in order to be more successful. Because of this situation, their children are losing their identity and, even more, they are ignoring their parents whose English is not very good. I think most immigrants are trying to preserve their native language in their new country, but this doesn't help very much in getting a good job. My aunt taught Korean to her children not to help hem succeed in the U.S. she did so, hopefully, to help them establish a Korean identity. Though the second generation was born in the new country, they often get confused about their identity because they look different from others, and also, if they visit their parents' country, they will probably feel different from other people there too. My cousins told me that when they visited Korea a few years ago, they felt different from other Koreans. They could even feel it just strolling around the street because they wore different clothes and walked differently. We must realize that language is important and valuable for many reasons. Immigrants should make an effort not to be ignored by their children understand their background by teaching them the parents' language. This is very important, not only for the harmony of the family, but also in helping the second generation establish their identity. \n Answer: Their children are losing their identity.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, what is the problem of the first generation immigrants?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8ea5de6a14f40c3a01cbea8e6900002",
            "input": "Article: There is a poster below. Read it carefully. VISIT SWANSEA ZOO! Come and see the African elephants and the new tigers from India. The Arctic bears are waiting to meet you, and the monkeys from Zaire are waiting to throw things at you. The hyenas (a _ animal, like a wolf, with a howl that sounds like wild laughter) from Tanzania are waiting to laugh at you, and the giraffes from Zambia are waiting to look down on you. Tickets Adult: $1.20 Children: Over 12: 80 cent Under 12 : Free Opening Time: 9: 00a. m. ~4: 00p. m. Except Fridays: 10: 00a. m. ~3: 00p. m. KEEP THE ZOO CLEAN! DO NOT FEED,TOUCH OR GO NEAR THE ANIMALS! \n Answer: 9:30 a. m on Sunday.",
            "output": [
                "If you want to visit the Swansea Zoo, what is the best time to go there?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9df1f980ab234bfe8fc034f95e428b5e",
            "input": "Article: If your family is like many in the United States, keeping a lot of bottled water at home, it's easy to get a cold one right out of the fridge on your way to a soccer game or activity, right? But all those plastic bottles use a lot of fossil fuels and pollute the environment. In fact, Americans buy more bottled water than any other nation in the world, and add 29 billion water bottles a year to the problem. In order to make all these bottles, manufacturers use 17 million barrels of crude oil  . That's enough oil to keep a million cars going for twelve months. So why don't more people drink water straight from the kitchen faucet? Some people drink bottled water because they think it is better for them than water out of the tap, but that's not true. In the US, local governments make sure water from the faucet is safe. People love the convenience of bottled water. But maybe if they realized the problems it causes, they would try drinking from a glass at home or carrying water in a refillable steel container instead of plastic. Unfortunately, for every six water bottles we use, only one makes it to the recycling bin. The rest are sent to landfills. Or, even worse, they end up as trash on the land and in rivers, lakes and the ocean. Plastic bottles take many hundreds of years to break down. Water is good for you, so keep drinking it. But think about how often you use water bottles, and see if you can make a change. And yes, you can make a difference. Remember this: recycling one plastic bottle can save enough energy to power a 60-watt light bulb for six hours. No matter who you are, you can do something for the environment. Join us and protect the environment. \n Answer: Drinking water: bottled or from the tap?",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-25e88646723c40149cbe360497ff1cc8",
            "input": "Article: Where we live, on the eastern shore of Maryland, the gentle waters run in and out like fingers slimming at the tips. The Canada geese know this place, as do the white swans and ducks. In the autumn, they come home for the winter. Once or twice each year, snow and frozen rain move into the area. When this happens, if the river is at its narrowest, there is a freeze which hardens the water to the ice. One morning, a friend of mine set the breakfast table beside the huge window, which overlooked the Tred Avon River. Suddenly she leaned forward and cried out, \"There is a goose out there.\" We saw the figure of a large Canada goose, very iii, its wings folded tight to its sides, its feet frozen to the ice. Then from the dark sky, she saw a line of swans. They floated from the top of the sky downward and at last landed on the ice. My friend was on her feet now, with one unbelieving hand against her mouth. As the swans surrounded the frozen goose, she feared what life it still had might be pecked out by those great swan beaks. Instead, those beaks began to work on the ice. The long necks were lifted and curved down, again and again. It went on for a long time. At last, the goose's head lifted. Its body pulled. Then the goose was free and standing on the ice. And the swans stood in the air watching. Then, as if it had cried, \"I cannot fly,\" four of the swans came down around it. Their powerful beaks chipped off the ice and held in the feathers. Slowly, the goose spread its wings as far as they could go, and moved slowly into the sky. This is a true story. I just think of it in the bad moments, and from it comes only one hopeful question:\" If so for birds, why not for man?\" \n Answer: It was stuck in the ice.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the Canada goose?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a6ca7002941c4b99bb0610ee778aa5f8",
            "input": "Article: There seems to be a general assumption that brilliant people cannot stand routine ; that they need a varied , exciting life in order to do their best . It is also assumed that dull people are particularly suited for dull work . We are told that the reason the present-day young complain so loudly about the dullness of jobs is that they are better educated and brighter than the young of the past . Actually , there is no evidence that people who achieve a lot desire , let alone live , colorful lives . The opposite is nearer the truth . Einstein worked out his theory of relativity while serving as a clerk in a Swiss patent office . Immanuel Kant's daily life was a dull routine . The housewives of Konigsberg set their clocks when they saw him pass , on his way to the university . He took the same walk each morning , rain or shine . The greatest distance Kant ever traveled was sixty miles from Konigsberg . It may be true that work on the assembly line dulls the abilities and empties the mind , and the cure is only fewer hours of work at higher pay . But during fifty years as a workingman , I have found dull routine coexisting with an active mind . While doing dull , repetitive work by the water , I could talk with my partners and compose sentences in my mind , all at the same time . Chances are that had my work been too interesting I could not have done any thinking and composing at work or even on my own time after returning from work . People who find dull jobs unbearable are often dull people who do not know what to do with themselves at leisure . Children and mature people will get used to dull routine , while the adolescent , who has lost the child's ability for concentration and is without the inner resources of the mature , needs excitement and novelty to get rid of boredom . \n Answer: It was too interesting to think of anything else .",
            "output": [
                "How does the author feel about his repetitive work by the water ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4676b7d61b154d99aa84aa7ad4619c9b",
            "input": "Article: Nowadays, the younger generations are often complained about the selfishness and lack of respect by the older generations. It is undeniable that some young people do need to be educated on mutual   respect and concern for others, especially senior members of society. But we older people should have some understanding about the young, too. Today's society is rather different from what it was when we were young. The social, financial and psychological pressure today's young people have to face is much higher than what we did back in the 1950s through the 1990s.   They are in the early stage of their career. They have to find proper jobs to support themselves and work hard to rise. They have to live in smaller houses, because they are unable to afford the rising housing prices. Considering these facts, we may find it understandable why young people sometimes appear aloof   and disrespectful. I don't mean that we should put up with it without reminding them of the need to mend their ways. What I mean is that we should be more patient, understanding and tolerant toward them.  For instance, when we get up on a bus or a subway train, we should not complain about not being offered a seat. A young person does not offer a senior citizen his/her seat probably because he/she has to travel a long way to work or because the carriage is too crowded for one to move at all.  In fact, young people do offer their seats to the seniors. I seldom take a bus or a subway train, but more than a quarter of the times I have done so, I was offered a seat. That is fair enough, considering that I do not look so old. But on occasions, I have seen old people not showing any sign of gratitude when offered a seat.   China has become an aging society since the end of the last century. According to a recent survey, people older than 60 accounted for 11.4 percent of the nation's population. And the percentage is expected to rise because of the one-child family planning policy our country has practiced for more than three decades.   In other words, the younger generations will have to shoulder a heavier burden in looking after the parents and grandparents. Theoretically, there will come a day when one couple may have to support four parents and eight grandparents. What a burden it would be!   All this require that we should show more concern and understanding to our younger generations. \n Answer: Young people deserve more understanding",
            "output": [
                "What can be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6217b9b41d304950a3a6833e1fbce60e",
            "input": "Article: Most laws in the United States and Canada are similar to laws in other countries. For example, it is against the law everywhere to murder a person, and it is illegal to steal money. Everyone knows these laws, but foreign students or tourists in a new country may not know some of the local laws. For instance, a legal action in Peru may be against the law in Korea, and an illegal activity in an Asian city may be perfectly legal in a European city. On the other hand, laws may be the same in various countries but vary in different cities or states of the same nation. In many cities in the United States, for instance, it is not legal to \" _ \" This law may seem strange to visitors. Sometimes they cross a street, and a police officer gives them a ticket. Then they need to pay a fine of $10 to $25. They soon learn to cross a street only in a crosswalk or at a corner. It's against the law to cross in the middle of the street. Most people know that states in the United States have different laws about the legal drinking age; this age varies, but in most states no one under twenty-one can buy alcohol, even beer or wine. Also, in most U.S. cities, it is illegal to drink alcohol in public. Of course, liquor is legal in restaurants and bars, but it's against the law to drink a can of beer, for instance, on a public street. Some people put the can in a paper bag and drink; nobody can see the beer, but it still isn't legal. In addition, it is illegal to have an open liquor bottle inside a car. \n Answer: Having a bottle of wine in a Chinese restaurant.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is legal in the United States?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51b6ca8e7a6c428799a5da8582e09488",
            "input": "Article: Cloning is suggested as a means of bringing back a relative,usually a child,killed tragically.Some parents can understand that wish,but it must first be recognized that the copy would be a new baby and not the lost child.Here lies the difficulty,for the sad parents are seeking not a new baby but a return of the dead one.Since the original would be fondly remembered as having particular talents and interest,would not the parents expect the copy to be the same?It is possible,however,that the copy would develop quite differently.Is it fair to the new child to be placed in a family with such unnatural expectations? Copying is also suggested as a means by which parents can have the child of their dreams.Couples might choose to have a copy of a film star,baseball player or scientist,depending on their interest.But because personality is only partly the result of genetic inheritance ,conflicts would be sure to arise if the cloned child failed to develop the same interest as the original.What if the copy of Einstein shows no interest in science?Or the baseball player turns to acting?Success also depends upon fortune.What if the child does not live up to the hopes and dreams of the parents simply because of bad luck? Every child should be wanted for itself,as an individual.In making a copy of oneself or some famous person,a parent is deliberately specifying the way he or she wishes that child to develop.In recent years,particularly in the U.S.,much importance has been placed on the right of individuals to reproduce in ways that they wish.So I suggest there is a greater need to consider the interest of the child and to reject these proposed uses of cloning. \n Answer: Parents expect too much from the copy.",
            "output": [
                "What happens to parents in cloning a lost child?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0db0f7ea4fe34ce4b384cc90c8ebf1b3",
            "input": "Article: When Julia Rhodes is asked what she does for a living,she says she is a \"wind farmer\".While her job is operation manager for wind farm owner RES-Gen:Rhodes is responsible for making sure their l4 wind farms in the UK and Ireland are using the power of the wind to produce power for homes and businesses.  RES-Gen is a division of leading renewable energy group Renewable Energy Systems(RES),a UK-based company with global operations.  RES was one of the pioneers of wind energy technology.It built the UK's second wind farm in l992.Since then:RES has built more than 40 wind farms across four continents.  Rhodes graduated from the University of Nottingham with a degree in manufacturing engineering.  Following that,she received a master's degree in renewable energy systems technology specializing in wind energy.  Rhodes has worked in the wind sector ever since, providing technical support for two leading wind farm developers before joining RES in 2001.  RES's projects are continually monitored by computer and checked remotely on a daily basis.Regular servicing is carried out by contractors ,usually every six months. Rhodes always has a top--level view of how well the wind turbines are operating.   Rhodes is a supporter of wind--energy engineering.She also works closely with other departments to keep good relations with the communities around RES's wind farms.The open days and government officials' visits show that wind power is popular and that wind projects-are viewed positively.     Renewable energy is a growing sector with attractive career prospects. For Rhodes.as the RES wind farms expand,the team that she manages is expected to increase.She enjoys working for a company with strong engineering roots and a highly respected track record .Her job as a wind farmer is challenging and enjoyable.\"It's great knowing that you are helping to bring about a clean.environment and are contributing to the global community.\" \n Answer: Julia Rhodes and her work.",
            "output": [
                "What's the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3ae233b5ba7d4bd4abc1511b3589785b",
            "input": "Article: Once upon a time, two brothers who lived on neighboring farms fell into conflict  . It was the first serious one between them in 40 years of farming peacefully side by side. In the end, they fell apart. One morning, a man with a carpenter's toolbox came for some work.  The elder brother said, \"I just have a job for you. Look at the farm across the creek  . My younger brother lives there. It was he who used his bulldozer   to dig the creek last week to spite   me. So I want you to build me a fence, an 8foothigh fence, in order not to see his place any more.\" The carpenter smiled and said, \"I see. I'll try to do a job that satisfies you.\" Then the elder brother went downtown. At sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter had just finished his job. The farmer's eyes opened wide! To his surprise, there was no fence there at all! Instead, there was a bridge stretching from one side of the creek to the other! A fine piece of work! He saw his younger brother coming to him with the hands outstretching. The brothers stood at each end of the bridge, and then they met in the middle, taking each other's hands. They turned to see the carpenter lift his toolbox on his shoulder. \"No, wait! Stay a few days. I've a lot of other work for you,\" said the elder brother. \"I'd love to stay on,\"  the carpenter said, \"but I have so many more bridges to build.\" \n Answer: They lived in peace.",
            "output": [
                "What was the life like for the two brothers before the conflict?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ded836166229476c81198d0dfdb64ab9",
            "input": "Article: The National Outline for Medium and Long Term Education Reform and Development (2010 - 20) was released over the weekend. Here are some of the highlights: Four - percent effort The government says spending on education will be 4 percent of GDP by 2012. globally, average spending on education is about 4.5% of GDP. China spend 3,33% in 2008. according to Hu Angang, of Tsinghua University's Center for China Studies, even if China reaches that goal, it will only rank about 100 th out of 188 countries. Administrative rank Administrative rankings for school leaders are to be phased out to tackle the bureaucracy   problem that limits educational development, according to Cheng Fangping, of the national Institute for Educational Research. Areas like teaching programs, scientific research, and technological development will be more independent. Vocational Education The system will be free of charge. According to Wu Yan, of Beijing Institute of Educational Sciences, this will be key to developing China's production capacity and will improve poor people's lives dramatically. Entering college Universities could eventually have the freedom to choose some of their own high school applicants. Normally, students are accepted based on the uniform national exam scores. Also, students who agree to go to a remote area could be admitted to university under special circumstances. The most likely change could come on the college entrance English test, which might be modeled on the IELTS or TOEFL. Students will be able to take it several times and pick their best score. \n Answer: Applicants could sit for the college entrance English test more than once.",
            "output": [
                "56.Which of the following is true in the future according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-08bf1744944f4f4abf71c2013ebfb9fd",
            "input": "Article: He was a hero that saved two children from the jaws of a cougar . Standing barely 1.7 meters, the 22-year-old with black-frame glasses might pass more for a Chinese Harry Potter. Yet Shen Huigang is now getting recognition for his bravery in fighting off a cougar on Vancouver Island, Canada, during a family outing. Shen, also known as Ian, was then an exchange student. With him was a friend, Myles Hagar, and Hagar's two grandchildren. Silently and suddenly a cougar appeared out of nowhere. By the time they spotted the cat, it already had the head of 18-month-old Julien in its mouth. \"At first, my brain was nothing but blank,\" Shen recalled. \"But I believed I could get the child back.\" He gestured as if he were ready for a fight, and tried to scare the beast off with his bag. Hearing the noise Shen made, the animal dropped the baby and Hagar rushed to grab his grandson. But the animal didn't run, instead turned toward 3-year-old Iris standing beside Shen. \"Had Ian not been there, shouting at the cougar, remaining calm and standing firm, it would certainly have attacked Iris.\" Hagar recalled. They chased the animal back into the woods. \"We moved slowly to our vehicle as we waved our fists and bags, pretending to wrestle it,\" Shen said. \"The vehicle wasn't far away but it felt like it took us a century to travel the short journey.\" As Hagar drove for help, Shen held the heavily-bleeding boy in the passenger seat and calmly kept him awake by hugging and kissing him in case he would go into a coma . The boy was flown to a hospital nearby. Doctors later said his little skull had been punctured  through to his brain in two places. Luckily, Julien made a full recovery. \"Any hesitation, even a second delay, would have resulted in certain death for Julien, but Ian was there...\" Hagar said. Following the incident, the story appeared on Canadian TV networks in every city, and in many small town newspapers---plus many US Internet news sites. The Royal Canadian Humane Association planned to give Shen a Canada Bravery Award, but it couldn't reach him because he had returned to China. \n Answer: Because it was scared by the noise made by Ian's shouting.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the cougar drop the baby?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c55327406f6f442a80f583ae6437b719",
            "input": "Article: Slang is a popular, less official and often very current form of language. It is an important part of a living language and is constantly changing as language changes. Slang is often playful, direct and sometimes less respectful than the more official and traditional version of language. So now I'm going to lay it on you! To \"lay it on\" is American slang for \"to tell\" or \"to explain.\" Slang can take many forms. For example, slang can be local to one city or area. In Washington, D.C. there is a whole set of slang to describe politics and business in the city. For example, the term POTUS stands for President of the United States. POTUS can often be found with his wife, FLOTUS, the first lady of the United States. \"Inside the Beltway\" is a popular expression that describes the area of Washington, D.C. The beltway is the large highway that circles the city. The Internet has helped create a whole new kind of computer-related slang. An \"angry fruit salad\" is an expression that describes a website with too many bright colors. \"Netiquette\" is slang for correct behavior when using the Internet. Young people often develop the latest slang. For example, to say Special English \"rocks\" or is \"phat\" means Special English is really great. A \"kegger\" is a party where beer is served.  If something is \"wack\", it is wild and crazy. Different professions often have their own slang as well. For example, medical workers might refer to a complaining patient as a \"gomer\".  A \"tough stick\" is someone whose veins are difficult to find when he or she needs to have blood taken. No matter how well you speak English, there are always new and interesting slang words to discover. There are entire dictionaries for describing slang. Many experts do not even agree on what is and what is not slang. Often slang words later become a part of officially accepted language. Official or not, slang is an energetic and exciting part of the American language that continues to change. \n Answer: More official",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true for slang compared with the official language?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e7058d67f826462dbe534766e11db14e",
            "input": "Article: Want to have dinner with First Lady Michelle Obama at the White House? Enter the Healthy Lunchtime Challenge! Are you good at preparing healthy meals? Would you like to dine with First Lady Michelle Obama? If you answered yes to both questions, then you should consider entering the Healthy Lunchtime Challenge. The contest invites kids ages 8 to 12 from across the country to come up with lunch recipes  that are both nutritious and delicious. More than 50 winners, including one from each state, will be brought to Washington, D.C., to attend a Kids' State Dinner at the White House. What will be served? The winning recipes, of course! The First Lady teamed up with the recipe website Epicurious to create the Healthy Lunchtime Challenge. The goal is to develop a collection of healthy recipes for kids, by kids. Winning recipes will be available online. \"We all want to make sure that our kids are eating nutritious, delicious food at every meal,\" said First Lady Michelle Obama. With parents and kids all across the country getting creative in the kitchen, I know we'll find healthy meals that every family will enjoy.\" A group of expert judges, including assistant White House Chef Sam Kass, will choose the winning recipes. The judges will _ lunches that are healthy, tasty and affordable. A winning lunch meal should have items from each of the food groups, including fruit, vegetables, whole grains, protein and some other low-fat foods. You could choose to combine them into one recipe or to create a meal that includes a main dish and side dishes. For more tips on preparing healthy meals, visit choosemyplate.gov. To send in your original lunch recipe, go to recipechallenge.epicurious.com. The deadline is June 17, so get cooking! \n Answer: Kids from all over the world can enter it.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know abut the Healthy Lunchtime Challenge?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2ff10ea816f449bb9e996b24775f5a59",
            "input": "Article: If women are exploited year after year,they have only themselves to blame.Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion ,they are always made use of by the designers and the big stores.Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.When you come to think of it,only a woman is able to stand in front of a wardrobe  packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear. Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional  waste.Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn.Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way waste hours of their time changing the dresses they have.Skirts are lengthened; necklines are lowered or raised, and so on. No one can say that the fashion industry makes anything really important to society.Fashion designers are seldom concerned with important things like warmth and that woman will put up with any amount of discomfort,as long as they look right.There can hardly be a man who hasnt at some time in his life smiled at the sight of woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day,or picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes. \n Answer: It is practical opinion to women.",
            "output": [
                "What do you think of the writer's idea about \"fashion\" ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1969b92949584ac7a5196f11a14e2389",
            "input": "Article: In my eyes, the most basic and powerful way to communicate with another person is to listen. Just listen. Perhaps the most important thing we ever give each other is our attention. And especially if it's given from the heart. When people are talking,there's no need to do anything but receive them. Listen to what they're saying. Care about it. Most times caring about it is even more important than understanding it. Most of us don't value ourselves or our love enough to know this. It has taken me a long time to believe in the power of simple saying \"I'm so sorry,\" when someone is in pain. One of my patients told me that when she tried to tell her story people often interrupted to tell her that they once had something just like that happening to them. Her pain became a story about themselves. Eventually she stopped talking to most people. We connect through listening. When we interrupt what someone is saying to let them know that we understand,we move the focus of attention to ourselves. When we listen,they know we care. I have even learned to respond to someone crying by just listening. In the old days I used to reach for the handkerchiefs,until I realized that passing a person a handkerchief  may be just another way to shut him down,to take them out of their experience of sadness. Now I just listen. When they have cried all they need to cry,they find me there with them. This simple thing has not been that easy to learn. It certainly went against everything I had been taught since I was very young. I thought people listened only because they were too shy to speak or did not know the answer. But now I know that a loving silence often has far more power to heal than the kindest words. \n Answer: Attention from heart.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author value most in the communication with each other?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d2ecd56d7f1d4ad1b3e5c525332cf3d8",
            "input": "Article: Everyone in the apartment complex I lived in knew who Ugly was. Ugly was the resident tomcat. Ugly loved three things in this world: fighting, eating garbage, and, shall we say, love. The combination of these things combined with a life spent outside had their effect on Ugly. To start with, he had only one eye and where the other should have been was a gaping hole. He was also missing his ear on the same side, his left foot appeared to have been badly broken at one time, and had healed at an unnatural angle, making him look like he was always turning the corner. His tail has long ago been lost, leaving only the smallest stub, which he would constantly jerk and twitch. Ugly would have been a dark grey tabby, striped-type, except for the sores covering his head, neck, even his shoulders with thick, yellowing scabs. Every time someone saw Ugly there was the same reaction. \"That's one UGLY cat!!\" All the children were warned not to touch him, the adults threw rocks at him, hosed him down, squirted him when he tried to come in their home or shut his paws in the door when he would not leave. Ugly always had the same reaction. If you turned the hose on him, he would stand there, getting soaked until you gave up and quit. If you threw things at him, he would curl his lanky body around feet in forgiveness. Whenever he spied children, he would come running, meowing frantically and bump his head against their hand begging for their love. If you ever picked him up, he would immediately begin suckling on your shirt, earring whatever he could find. One day Ugly shared his love with the neighbor's huskies. They did not respond kindly, and Ugly was badly attacked. From my apartment I could hear his scream and I tried to rush to his aid. By the time I got to where he was laying, it was obvious Ugly's sad life was almost at an end. Ugly lay in a wet circle, his back legs and lower back twisted grossly out of shape, a gaping tear in the white strip of fur that ran down his front. As I picked him up and tried to carry him home, I could hear him wheezing and gasping, and could feel him struggling. It must be hurting him terribly, I thought. Then I felt a familiar tugging, sucking sensation on my ear. Ugly, in so much pain, suffering and obviously dying, was trying to suckle my ear. I pulled him closer to me, and he bumped the palm of my hand with his head, then he turned his one golden eye towards me, and I could hear the distinct sound of purring. Even in the greatest pain, that ugly battled-scarred cat was asking only for a little affection, perhaps some compassion. At that moment I thought Ugly was the most beautiful, loving creature I had ever seen. Never once did he try to bite or scratch me, or even try to get away from me, or struggle in any way. Ugly just looked up at me completely trusting in me to relieve his pain. Ugly died in my arms before I could get inside, but I sat and held him for a long time afterward thinking about how one scarred, deformed little stray could so alter my opinion about what it means to have true pureness of spirit, to love so totally and truly. Ugly taught me more about giving and compassion than a thousand book lecture or talk show specials ever could, and for that I will always be thankful. He had been scarred on the outside, but I was scarred on the inside, and it was time for me to move on and learn to love truly and deeply. To give my total to those I cared for. Many people want to be richer, more successful, well liked, beautiful, but for me, I will always try to be Ugly. \n Answer: Because he spent his life outside, which affected him..",
            "output": [
                "Why did the tomcat get 3 things with him?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d350e4a6747c4b709d98a0909604b38b",
            "input": "Article: Tears came into this mother's eyes when she talked about waking up her son. Every morning, her ten-year-old boy puts up one finger with his eyes still closed, begging for one more minute to sleep. Why is he so sleepy? Because, like thousands of student \"early birds\" in China, he has to get up before 6 a.m. every morning. School students usually need eight to ten hours' sleep a night. But in Shanghai, it's reported that 90% of the students do not get enough sleep. And studies show that without a good night's sleep, students seem to be weaker than they should be. Many become near-sighted as a result. Li Ming, a student at Qinghua High School, said that he usually goes to bed after 11 p.m. But when he has exams coming up, he can stay up as late as midnight. This \"night bird\" lifestyle has made many students nod off in class. Li Ming said that it is during afternoon classes that he feel most sleepy. \"My parents are usually happy to see me studying so late,\" he said. \"They think I work very hard and they make me cups of coffee.\" However, not all parents are happy about this. \"My daughter gets up so early. She looks tired and it really hurts me.\" said one of the parents. Why don't so many students get enough sleep? Now many members of society began to think about it. \n Answer: Because her son's lack of sleep hurt her but she had to wake him up.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the ten-year-old boy's mother talk about waking up her son with tears in her eyes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-93ab5e226a6b4fd38aeb827ab4bd6b45",
            "input": "Article: It was a Sunday, and I got a call saying that the president would be at the store in 20 minutes. When I got there, the Secret Service had already finished collecting knives and scissors, anything that could be used as a weapon. All of a sudden, he popped in and went, \"Where's Scott?\" and I went, \"Right here, sir.\" and he went, \"My God, you're the biggest pizza guy I've ever seen; if I eat your pizza, will I get as strong as you?\" and I said, \"You want to see how strong I am?\" And that was when I gave him a bear hug. He wasn't expecting that, and I wasn't expecting to do it. He thought it was funny.     I am a Republican. But I voted for the president four years ago because he seemed enthusiastic and excited about trying to make our country better. When he came to the store, he was exactly that same way. He was very genuine.     The next day, we started getting hate mails. People were calling in hundreds of dollars of fake  food orders. When we realized what was going on, we sent the food to homeless shelters. But when the story came out, people started calling us from all over the country, saying, \" Here's $ 100----deliver some pizzas to the firefighters...Deliver some pizzas to the United Way...\"We had thousands of dollars in orders.     The hug got old, but to a lot of people, it represented what we need: the country coming together and ending all divisions. Here was a white guy who is a Republican and an African American who is a Democrat and the president, and we are hugging! I got letters from people saying it lifted the spirits of the whole country, and that was pretty wild to hear---- there I was, a pizza guy, and I lifted the spirits of the country! \n Answer: The Day I Hugged Barack Obama.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9bd59389e9d84d309c0a710f2b0790d5",
            "input": "Article: There is no doubt eCommerce is growing, and it will continue to grow. However, physical stores would not die as a result of the rise of eCommerce, at least not in the near future. The idea that eCommerce is taking over physical stores has already misguided many people. Physical stores are far from vanishing, and there are some solid reasons for it. The _ for online spending is optimistic with $150 billion expected to be spent in the coming three years, yet we are also expecting $300 billion in spending at physical stores in the same duration. Do you still think that physical-store shopping is too small to sustain the eCommerce blow? Even though consumers are staying away from physical stores that follow older concepts, yet we are seeing the rise of fresh concept stores all around the US. We are seeing innovative and attractive success stories of physical stores, ranging from clothes stores to restaurants to health spas. It would be easy to assume that this trend will continue. Indeed, many shopping malls are dying, yet there are still those shopping centers that are performing well. You can see this for yourself by visiting shopping malls near you. What I want to emphasize here is that not all shopping centers are made equal, just like not all eCommerce retailers are made equal. Both shopping malls and eCommerce sites can lose business if they fail to maintain productivity through improvements and innovations. When you visit shopping centers that are serious about their business, you would see their shops and parking lots packed. On the other hand, even e-tailers like Amazon have experimented with pop-up shopping concepts. It is important to bear in mind that consumers prefer face-to-face interactions instead of online interactions during shopping, meaning that physical stores are going to stay there. Still, eCommerce retailers are seeing all of their excitement disappear as they settle the sales tax problem associated with e-tailing. As of now, five states of America have already imposed sales tax on purchases through eCommerce sites, and e-tailers in those states have already witnessed 6 to 12 percent decrease in sales. This reinforces the fact that physical stores are here to stay, and if you are still undervaluing their growth, you are omitting a huge chunk of the retail representation. \n Answer: Fresh concepts help build good business.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ab066af0fa07469098999ce4c78bd024",
            "input": "Article: The UK has a wellrespected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. But to those who are new to it all, sometimes it can be confusing. October is usually the busiest month in the college calendar. Universities have something called Freshers' Week for their newcomers. It's a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and settle into university life. However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the prospect of meeting lots of strangers in big halls can be nervewracking . Where do you start? Who should you make friends with? Which clubs should you join? Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you worrying about starting their university social life on the right foot. So just take it all in slowly. Don't rush into anything that you'll regret for the next three years. Here is some top advice from past students on how to survive Freshers' Week: *Learn rules. Make sure you know British social etiquette . Have a few wine glasses and snacks handy for your housemates and friends. *Be kind. Sometimes cups of tea or even slices of toast can give you a head start in making friends. *Be sociable. The more active you are, the more likely you'll be to meet new people than if you're someone who never leaves their room. *Bring a doorstop. Keep your door open when you're in and that sends positive messages to your neighbors that you're friendly. So with a bit of clever planning and effort, Freshers' Week can give you a great start to your university life and soon you'll be passing on your experience to next year's new _ \n Answer: The first week of your every year at university is called Freshers' Week.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e77dabe92a3b45ce90378d5a5398584f",
            "input": "Article: A twisted sense of humor and a strong voice cast  make \"Open Season\" fun for kids and adults. It's a great start for Sony's animation studio. Boog is a full-grown grizzly bear that has been raised among humans by park ranger Beth. He has a warm place to live, all the food he wants, and is safe from hunters. However, when he crosses paths with the spastic  mule deer Elliot, all that changes. Thanks to a series of misunderstandings, everyone believes Boog is dangerous and out of control. Beth is forced to release  him back into the wild. Once Boog finds himself in the great outdoors, he has no idea what to do. He gets lost, can't find food, and is attacked by unfriendly forest cutters. Boog is forced to rely on the idiotic Elliot to help him find his way back to civilization . But can they _ before open season begins for hunting? The movie also has a really strong voice cast. Martin Lawrence voices Boog, and his attitude and persona perfectly fit the bear. The same goes for Aston Kutcher as Elliot. Even if you can't stand him in the real world, you'll be surprised how well he brings the annoying deer to life in the movie. The animation in \"Open Season\" is also excellent. The characters are quite cartoonish, but the hair is realistic looking and the movements are fantastic. The body language adds a lot to the performances of the characters. \n Answer: It's thought that the Boog is beyond control.",
            "output": [
                "What's the key factor  that the Boog need to survive himself in the wild?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a54b5a4bc4b74e6994935baa5f65ce65",
            "input": "Article: To Mr. Alcohol You've been with us for a long time. I won't forget all the pain you've caused for us. Do you remember the night you almost took my father's life? I do. He loves you. Sometimes I think he loves you more than he loves me. He's addicted to you, to the way you promise to rid him of his problems only to cause more of them. You just sat back and laughed as his car went spinning through the street, crashing into two other cars. He wasn't the only one hurt by you that night. Do you remember the night of my first high school party? You were there. My friends were _ by you. They treated you as if they were never going to see you again, drinking all of you that they could. I spent two hours that night helping my friends who had fallen completely. \"I'm so embarrassed,\" they said as I held their hair back so that they could vomit  . \"I'm sorry,\" they said when I called taxies for them, walking them out and paying the driver in advance. \"This won't happen again,\" they said as they were sent to the hospital to have their stomachs pumped  . Two 15-year-old girls slept in hospital beds that night thanks to you. Do you remember the night when you took advantage of my 17-year-old neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lessons? Do you know how we all felt when he hit another car and killed the two people in the other car? He died the next morning too. His sister walked home from her dance lesson, and passed police cars and a crowd of people gathering on the sidewalk just two blocks away from the dance studio. She didn't realize her brother was in the midst of it all. She never saw him again. And it's all your fault. I wish you'd walk out of my life forever. I don't want anything to do with you. Look at all the pain you've caused. Sure, you've made people happy too from time to time. But the damage you've caused in the lives of millions is inexcusable. Stop luring in the people I love. Stop hurting me, please. \n Answer: To show how much alcohol can hurt people.",
            "output": [
                "What is author's purpose in writing to alcohol?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2eccd597fdd94ccf9a3fd81e23848d70",
            "input": "Article: Photography  has been my interest ever since I was old enough to pick up a camera, but today I want to share with you the 15 most treasured photos of mine, and I didn't take any of them. In fact, most of them were taken by random tourists. My story begins when I was in New York City for a speech, and my wife took a picture of me holding my daughter on her first birthday. We're on the corner of 57th and 5th. We happened to be back in New York exactly a year later, so we decided to take the same picture. Well you can see where this is going. Approaching  my daughter's third birthday, my wife said, \"Hey, why don't you take Sabina back to New York and make it a father-daughter trip, and continue the ceremony?\" This is when we started asking passing tourists to take the picture. So these photos are far more than representatives  for a single moment, or even a specific  trip. They're also ways for us to freeze time for one week in October and reflect on  our times and how we change from year to year, and not just physically, but in every way. Because while we take the same photo, our viewpoints  change, and she reaches new milestones   and I get to see life through her eyes, and how she communicates with and sees everything. This very focused time we get to spend together is something we value(,) and expect the entire  year. \n Answer: Her mother.",
            "output": [
                "Who came up with the idea of having a father-daughter trip when Sabina was 3 years old?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d5d74ac7ccb94c41b9d7eab4a2de1bcd",
            "input": "Article: Many families in the prefix = st1 /United Stateshave a larger income now than ever before, but people are finding it difficult to make ends meet anyway. Almost everyone is wondering, \"What happens to all my money? I never seem to have anything left to put away.\"       Why isn't a dollar worth as much as it used to be? One dollar is always worth the same amount, that is, 100 cents. But the value of a dollar is how much it can buy. The value of money depends on the cost of living. Economists say that the cost of living is the money that a family must pay for the necessities of life such as food, housing or rent, clothes and medical expenses. For many years now the cost of living has increased greatly, so the value of the dollar has decreased. When a dollar has a low value, you cannot buy as many things with it.       No one fully understands why the cost of living keeps increasing, but economists believe that workers and producers can make prices go up. As workers earn more money, they have more money to spend, so they demand more goods. If there is a great demand for certain goods, the prices of these goods go up. At the same time, if there's a shortage of goods, the price also goes up. For example, if everyone wants to buy more and more gas, the price of gas goes up. When companies withhold gas from buyers, they can also make the price of gas go up.       Families need to know what happens to their money. They need to make their income meet the cost of living, so many people plan a family budget. A budget is a list of monthly expenses. If your expenses add up to more than your income, you must find ways to save money. Maybe you're spending too much on entertainment. Or if you're spending too much on clothes, you may want to sew your own clothes. Budgeting helps you spend your money wisely as the cost of living increases. \n Answer: People demand more and better goods.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the cost of living keep increasing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-781be018a89d40d8abb5f96016aac094",
            "input": "Article: Albert Szent-Gyorgyi was born in Budapest on September 16, 1893. In 1911 he entered his uncle's laboratory where he studied until the outbreak of World War One, when he joined the army. He served on the Italian and Russian fronts, and he was permitted to leave the army in 1917 after being wounded in action. He completed his studies in Budapest before he went to Hamburg for a two-year course in physical chemistry. In 1920 he became an assistant at a university in Leiden, the Netherlands and from 1922 to 1926 he worked with H. J. Hamburger at the Physiology Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands. In 1926, Szent-Gyorgyi was ready to end his own life after an embarrassing problem in his career. The scientist, thirty-two, had written a paper and handed it to his boss for approval to publish. His boss threw it in the dustbin. Concluding his life was a failure, the young researcher quit. Unable to support his wife and child, he sent them home to her parents. His final wish was to attend one last scientific meeting, to be among scientists, to have one last good time. So he went to the 1926 International Physiological Society Congress in Sweden. Sitting in the audience, lost in self-pity, Szent-Gyorgyi listened to the president of the society, Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins, refer to the fine work of a researcher: Szent-Gyorgyi! After the speech, collecting his courage, he introduced himself to Hopkins. The great man invited the young scientist to Cambridge to do further work. Szent-Gyorgyi's life changed. He discovered the oxidation-preventing   action of vitamin C. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937. He accounted for his success by saying that discovery is seeing what everyone else has seen but thinking what nobody else has thought. \n Answer: His pride was hurt by his boss.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Szent-Gyorgyi want to end his own life in 1926?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a126ec65ea4145adb0d24f7f73c0f446",
            "input": "Article: As students and teachers returned to school on Monday after the publication of performance ratings  for 18,000 teachers, many parents said they were giving the reports serious thought. Yet there was an equal measure of skepticism among parents that test scores have any relationship with teachers' competence. Some said they already knew how good a teacher was by walking into the classroom or by monitoring their children's progress. \"I'm the kind of person who likes to see for themselves,\" a father in Queens said. Others worried about how their fellow parents, perhaps ones  _ , might respond. Will they demand a new teacher? Move their children to a new school? Elizabeth Sane, the mother of a fourth grader at the Ella Baker School, a kindergarten-through-eighth-grade school on the Upper East Side, said that her daughter was switched to a different teacher's class over the summer, and that it was \"like adding salt to the wound\" when she saw the high ratings for her daughter's previous teacher. Her daughter's teacher this year did not receive a rating because he previously taught high school. Ms. Sane said that the rating was not the only factor that influenced how she assessed a teacher's performance, but that the data used for teacher evaluations mattered. But other parents dropping their children off at the Ella Baker School said they did not trust teacher ratings based on test scores any more than they wanted their children's learning measured only by the state exams. \"Some people take it as the final word, but it doesn't change who they are as teachers. The ratings aren't accurate, and the whole student testing thing needs to be thrown out,\" said Lydia Delgado, whose child is in the second grade. \n Answer: The teacher ratings were decided by the test scores of the students.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e59be73088ee481f984c1637f479d529",
            "input": "Article: We lived in a very quiet neighborhood. One evening I heard a loud crash in the street. Earlier that evening my wife had asked me to go to the store to get some soft drinks. It seemed like this would be a good time to let my teenage daughter Holly practice her driving, so I sent her to the store in my truck. At dinner my son talked about how much he liked my truck. I enjoyed having it, but I said, \"Guy, my heart is not set on that truck. I like it but it is just metal and won't last forever. Never set your heart on anything that won't last.\" After hearing the loud noise, the whole family ran outside. My son shouted, \"Dad! Dad! Holly crashed your truck.\" My heart sank and my mind was flooded with conflicting thoughts. Was anyone hurt? Who else was involved? As I ran to the door, I heard a voice in my heart say, \"Here is a chance to show Holly what you really love. She'll never forget it.\" The accident had occurred in my own driveway. Holly had crashed my truck into our other vehicle, the family van. In her inexperience, she had confused the brakes and the gas pedal  . Holly was unhurt physically but when reached her, she was crying and saying, \"Oh, Dad, I'm sorry. I know how much you love this truck.\" I held her in my arms as she cried. Later that week a friend dropped by and asked what had happened to my truck. I told her the whole story. Her eyes moistened  and she said, \"That happened to me when I was a girl. I borrowed my dad's car and ran into a log that had fallen across the road. I ruined the car. When I got home, my dad knocked me to the ground and began to kick me.\" Over 40 years later, she still felt the pain of the night. _ I remember how sad Holly was on the night she crashed our truck, and how I comforted her. One day, when Holly thinks back on her life, I want her to know that I love her a thousand times more than any piece of property. I repaired the van, but the dent   in my truck is still there today. Every day it reminds me of what really matters in my life. \n Answer: Holly stepped on the gas pedal instead of the brakes.",
            "output": [
                "What caused the crash?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-23c8e6c2343c49739f08f0782554b67f",
            "input": "Article: Our children and grandchildren may not have a chance to visit many of the most famous places around the world. War, weather, age, traffic and pollution damage these famous places. Looking after these places often costs more than one country can afford.  In the early 1970s, world governments decided that if they joined together, they would be able to preserve   our history. If every country paid some money, they said, it would be possible to look after important historic places. Also, if they discovered that a monument needed urgent   help, they would have money for repairs. For these reasons, countries around the world united to form the World Heritage  Organization in 1972. Today, the organization helps to maintain   and restore the most important places from our history. However, one of the biggest problems for historic places is vandalism. People sometimes enter the sites and destroy or damage the buildings. At some sites, such as Stonehenge in England, governments have built high fences to protect the site from vandals. There are many different ideas about how to solve the problem of vandalism. Some experts say that if guards patrolled   the sites, vandals would not be able to get in. Some experts say that if they fixed more television cameras, they would not need so many guards. Other experts say that the best solution is education. If people learned to respect history, they would not destroy or damage it. They would also want to spend money looking after old places. For this reason, the World Heritage Organization helps to spread information about the value of historic sites. \n Answer: All of the above.",
            "output": [
                "Why did countries all over the world unite to form the World Heritage Organization?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a7cd41541b2e4440bbcbda993216b0cb",
            "input": "Article: American cities are similar to other cities around the world. In every country cities reflect the values of the culture. Cities contain the very best aspects of a society: opportunities for education employment and entertainment. They also contain the very worst parts of a society: violent crime racial conflict and poverty. American cities are changing just as American society is changing. After World War II city residents became wealthier more prosperous. They had more children. They needed more space. They move out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs areas near a city where people live. These are areas without many offices or factories. During the 1950s the American \"dream\" was to have a house in the suburbs. Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in 1950s are now adults. They unlike their parents want to live in the cities. Many young professionals doctors lawyers and executives are moving back into the city. Many are single; others are married but often without children. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; they are afraid of the fuel shortage; or they just enjoy the excitement and opportunities which the city offers. This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent. In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these people do not have enough money to stay in the cities. Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright , new future .Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure:many dying cities are alive again. \n Answer: They are different.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think of cities all over the world ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d0cf1c96426b478b9c3a8b32d650f3e4",
            "input": "Article: The prefix = st1 /USgovernment has announced plans to list polar bears as a threatened species because of concerns that the ice where they live is melting. But as the BBC's Owen Clegg reports, theUSplans are also important for other reasons. It's estimated that there are no more than twenty-five thousand polar bears living in the wild, and this number could go down by a large amount as the floating ice upon which the bears survive melt away. Now, without admitting the cause of this melt, the US Fish and Wildlife Services are reviewing the bear's living conditions.    That action is being taken at all, and marks an important change for the Bush administration; for the first time, it may be forced to acknowledge a link between global warming and its effect on a species. Such a conclusion by an unwilling Bush administration could force far wider changes inWashington's policy towards the environment.    This review only came about after a union of environmental groups brought a legal case against the government to take action. Environmentalists, like David Doniger, believe that by calling on the protections of the Endangered Species Act, theUSgovernment may finally be forced to cut back on its sending out greenhouse gases:    \"It is a very important thing today to have the Bush administration notice that global warming is threatening the existence of the polar bear. Now, it's up to the administration to do something to stop the global warming that's threatening the polar bear.\" ( David Doniger)    The United States is the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases which are blamed for trapping heat from the sun and changing the earth's climate. Since taking office in 2001, President Bush has refused to make the link with global warming, but the bad, serious situation of the polar bear may force that position to change. \n Answer: It is that the floating ice upon which they survive melts away.",
            "output": [
                "What is the direct reason for the polar bear to become endangered?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19ee04159d99423f8e427422b72be011",
            "input": "Article: When computer salesman Li Guang and his girlfriend Huang Minxia saw on TV the destruction caused by the unexpected earthquake,they quickly filled their car with bottled water and instant noodles and drove more than 160 miles to lend a hand. \"It's a small car,but we just wanted to help,\" said Li,from Chongqing,a city next to the hardest-hit Sichuan province. Donations   are flooding in,more money than charities   in China collected all of last year,and so are volunteers. In the week since the quake,donations have totaled $1.3 billion--85 percent raised within China. Many,like Li,are taking advantage of growing private car ownership and a new,expanding highway system to join the line of government and army assistance toward the epicenter. Across the disaster region,thousands of cars decorated with large handwritten signs--\"Hardship comes from one direction,help comes from everywhere\" and \"For the people,for the Beijing Olympics\"--were coming from as far as the capital,Beijing,more than 900 miles away. Private cars crowded so thickly on roads that the police set up donation drop-off points outside cities and towns to clear the way for army and government assistance.People living in tents along the roads posted handwritten signs asking for urgently needed items--water,rice,vegetables.Cars paused to hand out a box or two and then drove on. Instead of waiting for government-organized charity drives,people quickly acted on their own.Bank account   numbers for making earthquake donations flashed on Web logs and mobile phones.Blood donation centers were overwhelmed   by offers and began asking citizens to register   in advance. \"People are really united this time,and they're acting on their own without waiting to be asked.It sounds _ ,but we're taught in schools and from our parents about helping others,\" said Ge Jian,the company's general manager. \n Answer: They intended to help the victims in the quake-hit areas.",
            "output": [
                "What did Li Guang and his girlfriend Huang Minxia intend to do soon after the earthquake?(  )"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f1f2fc3b41d14d998e2a9a252528b18c",
            "input": "Article: It has been more than 50 years since Harvard Business School started admitting women, yet the institution   is still trying hard to find out how to best attract and support them. Its latest effort: a program targeting women's colleges--place that are not traditional feeding grounds for the male-majority business school. The program is called Peek. It offers juniors, seniors and recent graduates from women's colleges the opportunity to read and discuss four HBS case studies in class specially taught by top HBS members. About 50 to 70 promising students will pay $500 for their stay there. Women make up 41 percent of Harvard Business School class of 2016--the most the school has had. In 1985, women made up only one-quarter of the graduating class. Harvard is not alone when it comes to struggling with a gender gap  . At Wharton, the class of 2016 is 40 percent women; at Standford Business School, it's 42 percent. No top business school had gotten to 50 percent yet. Despite the Peek program's good intention, the $500 fee bothered someone, said John A. Byrne, the editor of business school new site. \"The fact that HBS would charge women for the chance of coming to campus rubbed a lot of people the wrong way,\" said Byrne. HBS said the $500 fee was a \"fair price\" for room and daily meals at the business school for a weekend, and didn't actually cover the full costs of the program. For years, women students at Harvard Business School failed to keep pace with men. In 2010, Harvard business School got a new manager, Nitin Nohrin, who promised a turnaround. Nohrin designed a program to encourage women students and professors. He promised to change the school's case studies so that at least 20 percent of the people in the business texts would be women. \n Answer: It is intended for high school students.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the program Peek?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76f555d917244bf4a85532a69f3c26a4",
            "input": "Article: Jamie Oliver, a lively Britain guy, loves to share his secrets. In his first television show,The Naked Chef, Oliver taught everyone to make simple but delicious food. In Jamie's Kitchen, he taught young people how to prepare meals. His next show,Jamie's School Dinners, is about changing the food that students eat. Oliver saw that some schools in Britain were serving junk food--food that is easy to eat but unhealthy. Although it can be delicious, junk food is not very good for children. It is sometimes bad for their health, because it doesn't give them the energy they need at school. They sometimes can't think well or feel down, and they sometimes put on weight. Some of the junk food that Oliver wants to change is canned spaghetti, chicken nuggets, French fries, soda, and muffins. He encourages schools to serve fresh and health meats, vegetables and fruits. He helps the school cooks to make healthy dinners without junk food. People liked Oliver's idea of bringing quality food to schools. Thousands enjoyed his television show. But Oliver wanted them to do more than just watch. At hisFeed Me Betterwebsites, he collected over 270,000 signatures   from people. Oliver sent these signatures to British Prime Minister Tony Blair. Then Blair promised to help change the school kitchens, teach school cooks to make healthy food, and spend more on school dinners. Thanks to Jamie Oliver, my children will be able to enjoy more healthy meals at school. \n Answer: Cooking and eating.",
            "output": [
                "What are Jamie Oliver's secrets about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-03eaa158b85649d6abcce2d4ad46c395",
            "input": "Article: A while ago, when I was a young 25- year-old, I traveled across the United States on a journey to make a film. During this trip, I ended up in Seattle where I met Laddie McCrea. Laddie was a hobo  . He was about 60-70 years old and looked 100. Laddie had shoulder length white hair covered with weeds from the previous night's bedding. His clothes were a living journal of evenings in the shrubs and days in the sun. Laddie stank   of alcohol and garbage. www.ks5u.com When I first met Laddie, he was standing on a busy downtown Seattle sidewalk. He greeted every passer-by with a smile, a pleasant greeting and an extended palm. Each day, society was rushing past Laddie - either unaware of his existence or avoiding him - a smelly, begging bum. I found Laddie to be an excellent character for my movie, so I paid him to allow me to stand in the background and film him. I spent three days hidden among the crowd, filming Laddie. Most of the time he was unaware of my existence. Each day he stood in a busy section of town greeting the world with a smile and an extended palm - just earning enough change for the evening's night cap  . One special day, as I watched from a bench off in the distance, a young girl, around 6 or 7, with a pretty dress and her hair in a ponytail, approached Laddie from behind and tugged on his shirt. Laddie turned to the girl, who then reached up and handed him something. At that, Laddie showed his happiness and reached in his pocket, gave her something and the girl ran back to her parents excitedly showing them what she had received. I was so curious about the exchange that I was dying to go immediately to Laddie and ask him what took place, but in order to get candid   shots, I knew I couldn't make my presence known. Later that afternoon when I finished my shoot, I spent some time with Laddie and asked about the event. Laddie replied: \"The little girl came to me and gave me a quarter, so I gave her two quarters in return because I wanted to show her that when you are charitable, you will receive more than you give.\" \n Answer: A film director.",
            "output": [
                "What could the author's job be?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ebbcdada6f174a8198c6be55a0ce8315",
            "input": "Article: Sagrada Familia ( 2,056,448 visits/year) Opening hours: 09:00--18:00 (October--March); 09:00--20:00 (April--September) Admission: $ 11, or $ 10 with the Barcelona Card. Disabled Access: Yes. The temple have been under construction since 1882 and they've still got another 30 to 80 years to go before it will be finished. The project's vast scale and its special design have made it one of Barcelona's top tourist attractions for many years. La Pedrera (1,133,220 visits/year) Opening hours: November--February: 09:00--18:30; March--October: 09:00--20:00 Admission: $ 9.50. Save 20% with the Barcelona Card. Disabled Access: No. This building used to be called Casa Mila but nowadays it's more commonly known as La Pedrera. It is a unique modernist building in Barcelona and was made of bricks and had colorful tiles  . It was built between 1906 and 1912 by famous Catalan architect Antoni Gaudi (1852--1926) and in 1984 it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site with other Gaudi buildings in Barcelona. Visitors to La Pedrera can see the amazing 800 square meters attic with 270 brick arches that give you a feeling that you are walking inside the skeleton   of a whale. The roof is equally impressive and is preserved exactly the way that it was built in 1912 with six staircases and seven chimneys each made in a unique style. Barcelona FC Museum (1,032,763 visits/year) Opening hours: 6thApril--4thOctober: (Monday to Saturday) 10:00--20:00; the rest of the year: 10:00--18:30 Admission: $ 8.50 for entry to the museum and $ 17 for a guided tour. Disabled Access: Yes. When you buy your ticket you have two options. You can buy a ticket for the museum to see the football stadium or you can buy a dual   ticket for $ 15 where you get to see the museum and the scenes at the club. Miro Museum (518,869 visits/year) Opening hours: Check the web site for details as they vary depending on the time of the year. Admission: $ 8. Save 20% with the Barcelona Card. Disabled Access: Yes. This museum has a wide range of Miro's work dating back as far as 1914. This artwork collection not only includes his paintings but also a good selection of sculptures  . L'Aquarium de Barcelona (1,375,271 visits/year) Opening hours: 09:00--19:00 (October--March); 09:00--20:00 (April--September) Admission: $ 7. Save 10 % on the entrance fee to the aquarium with the Barcelona Card. Barcelona Aquarium is a popular Barcelona attraction to take the kids and young ones. I have to admit I love the aquarium. Picasso Museum (887,958 visits/year) Opening hours: Check the website for details as they vary depending on the time of the year. Admission: $ 9 for main exhibition--extra for special showings. Save 50% with the Barcelona Card. Disabled Access: Yes. The museum has arranged Picasso's paintings in chronological order from his early days to his final works. Arranging the paintings in this way gives you a fascinating insight into the development of Picasso thinking over time and shows how he developed the distinctive designs that he is famous for today. Very popular art gallery. \n Answer: Sagrada Familia",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following attractions is the most popular with people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51bedb5d4c6a4563baaa93553562e700",
            "input": "Article: Jo was the first to wake in the gray dawn of Christmas morning. No stockings hung at the fireplace, and for a moment she felt as much disappointed as she did long ago, when her little sock fell down because it was crammed so full of goodies. Then she remembered her mother's promise and, slipping her hand under her pillow, drew out a little red-covered book. She knew it very well, for it was that beautiful old story of the best life ever lived, and Jo felt that it was a true guidebook for any pilgrim   going on a long journey.  She woke Meg with a \"Merry Christmas,\" and asked her to see what was under her pillow. A green-covered book appeared, with the same picture inside, and a few words written by their mother, which made their one present very precious in their eyes. Presently Beth and Amy woke to find their little books also, one grey-color1ed, the other blue, and all sat looking at and talking about them, while the east grew rosy with the coming day. \"Girls,\" said Meg seriously, \"Mother wants us to read and love and mind these books, and we must begin at once. I shall keep my book on the table here and read a little every morning as soon as I wake, for I know it will do me good and help me through the day.\" Then she opened her new book and began to read. Jo put her arm round her and, leaning cheek to cheek, read also, with the quiet expression so seldom seen on her restless face. Much impressed by the pretty books and her sisters' example, the other two started reading too. And then the rooms were very still while the pages were softly turned, and the winter sunshine crept in   to touch the bright heads and serious faces with a Christmas greeting.  \"Where is Mother?\" asked Meg, as she and Jo ran down to thank her for their gifts, half an hour later. \"Your ma went straight off to see what was needed in a poor woman's home.\" Replied Hannah, who had lived with the family since Meg was born, and was considered by them all more as a friend than a servant. \"She will be back soon, I think, so fry your cakes, and have everything ready,\" said Meg, looking over the presents which were collected in a basket and kept under the sofa, ready to be produced at the proper time.\" \"There's Mother. Hide the basket, quick!\" cried Jo, as a door slammed and steps sounded in the hall. The girls rushed to the table, eager for breakfast. \"Merry Christmas, Mummy! Thank you for our books. We read some, and mean to every day,\" they all cried happily together. \"Merry Christmas, little daughters! I'm glad you began at once, and hope you will keep on. But I want to say one word before we sit down. Not far away from here lies a poor woman with a little newborn baby. Six children are huddled into one bed to keep from freezing, for they have no fire. There is nothing to eat over there, and the oldest boy came to tell me they were suffering hunger and cold. My girls, will you give them your breakfast as a Christmas present?\" They were all unusually hungry, having waited nearly an hour, and for a minute no one spoke, only a minute, for Jo exclaimed excitedly, \"I'm so glad you came before we began!\"  Then the four girls put the cream, the muffins and the buckwheat bread into a big basket. \"I thought you'd do it,\" said Mrs. March, smiling as if satisfied.\" You shall all go and help me, and when we come back we will have bread and milk for breakfast, and make it up at dinner time.\" They were soon ready, and the procession set out. A poor, bare, miserable room it was, with broken windows, no fire, ragged bedclothes, a sick mother, crying baby, and a group of pale, hungry children cuddled  under one old quilt, trying to keep warm. How the big eyes stared and the blue lips smiled as the girls went in. \"Ach, mein Gott! It is good angels come to us!\" said the poor woman, crying for joy. \"Funny angels in hoods   and mittens  ,\" said Jo, and set them to laughing. In a few minutes it really did seem as if kind spirits had been at work there. Hannah, who had carried wood, made a fire and stopped up the broken panes  with old hats and her own cloak  . Mrs. March gave the mother tea and gruel  , and comforted her with promises of help, while she dressed the little baby as tenderly as if it had been her own. The girls meantime spread the table, set the children round the fire, and fed them like so many hungry birds, laughing, talking, and trying to understand the funny broken English.  That was a very happy breakfast, though they didn't get any of it. When they went away, leaving comfort behind, there were not in all the city four merrier people than the hungry little girls. They gave away their breakfasts and contented themselves with bread and milk on Christmas morning. \n Answer: Because her stocking wasn't full of goodies as she wished.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Jo disappointed for a moment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e1853480b7b431c891ab7ebbb90bea6",
            "input": "Article: Millions of people die of hunger in southern Africa every year, but when Zambia was offered thousands of tons of free maize by the US, the government politely said no. \"We don't know whether the food is safe,\" said Zambia's commerce, Trade and Industry Minister Dipak Patel. His worries are shared by countries around the world that are in two minds about America's genetically modified(GM,)crops.Just last week, EU member nations were discussing whether or not to import GM sweet corn from the US. Ever since people started farming, they have tried to crossbreed plants to make them stronger or better tasting. At one time, only related plants could be crossed with each other. But when GM techniques were developed in the 1970s, scientists were able to put a single gene from a living creature into an unrelated creature. This means they can make crops more productive and resistant to disease by adding genes from other species.They can also create food with special characteristics, such as \"golden rice\", which is enriched with vitamin A. But many people believe GM foods are a health risk. At the moment, the official argument is that GM foods \"are not likely to present risks for human health\". But there are still many questions to be answered as the foods are produced in different ways. Some experts believe the genetic material added to plants can transfer to humans and give damage to our bodies. Further harm could be caused by the genes from GM plants crossbreeding with naturally produced crops. People in China are also getting worried about GM foods. More than 70 percent of the country's soybean oil is produced from imported GM soybeans. Meanwhile, an investigation last November found that 12 of 60 famous foods sold across the country were GM products. The government has begun to introduce a marking system for GM goods so that people can choose whether or not to eat them. \n Answer: the Techniques of GM foods",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d2af130e265b4b44a92b0be044a213c0",
            "input": "Article: Alex London Research Laboratory (ALRL) is part of Alex Co. , Ltd., a major Australian medicine-making company. Opened in 1992, ALRL specializes in the development of new medicines for the treatment of heart diseases. A position is now open for a Research Operations Manager(ROM) to support our growing research team at the new laboratories in Hatfield,due to open in the autumn of 2010. Reporting to the Director,you will help set up and run the technical and scientific support services of our new laboratories now under construction.You will be expected to provide expert knowledge about and be in charge of all areas of ALRL'S Health and Safety,and to communicate  with support employees at ALRL'S laboratories based at University College London.Working closely with scientists and other operations and technical employees,you will manage a small number of research support employees providing services to help with the research activities to be carried out at the new laboratories. Candidates  will have experience of both management and research support/technical services.Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary. Education to degree level is also desirable. If you are interested in this position,please send your CV to Alex London Research Laboratory,University College London,Hatfield,London,W1E 6B7 or by email to ALRL@alex. co. uk. For more Information.please visit www. alex. co. uk. \n Answer: They have not yet been set up.",
            "output": [
                "What can be learnt about the new laboratories from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9a6dbaeb70014e5a97a7791f46e0092b",
            "input": "Article: A recent study, which was published in last week's Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how dangerous it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers has three times the possibility of a serious accident, compared with a teenager driving alone. The authors also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased greatly after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight. With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident. Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with \"really stupid behavior\" than with just a lack of driving experience. \"The basic issue is that adults who are responsible for giving out licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled driving is.\" he says. Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate   the problem is to have states set up so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a process with several stages. A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself able to drive in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictions   before graduating to full driving rights. Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies. \n Answer: A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-503c4e87658f423dbfb0e56596f55603",
            "input": "Article: The South Korean Ministry of education is investing $ 2.4 billion into making the country's school system completely digital. The plan is to get rid of textbooks and replace them with digital learning materials stored in a central database, which students would get into with PCs. Though some digital education programs have been tried in the U.S. and other countries, few can match the South Korean plan. While it will certainly be interesting to spread out, a completely paperless school system will surely stand for other countries to follow. Perhaps the digital learning revolution will have its start in Seoul. The digital developments have improved our personal lives. It was a matter of time before they would finally have an effect on other fields. It's an exciting time in education--whether you're a CEO setting plans for growth, an IT expert making new technology decisions or an educator giving lively courses. All of us are connected by the movement of a more digital campus. Today's generation has integrated web-based technology into their daily lives. Expectations are forming: lively content-anytime, anywhere and on any equipment. And those expectations aren't just for fun--they're spreading into the educational space as well. Expanding our digital footprint isn't just an excitement-it's a necessity.  And CEOs and IT experts aren't the only ones feeling the pressure to improve--educators are as well. More and more studies report a change from teaching to learning--moving away from giving lectures of facts to encouraging skills of self-study, analysis and learning paths ; from courses built using a single textbook to numbers of available publisher materials ; and from dull content to lively digital advantages that connect the learners, providing real-time response.  Students aren't the only ones benefiting from this change. Educators can now easily build lively online courses while increasing student outcomes. \n Answer: To introduce digital education's role and value.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author take the South Korean's decision for example?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7fc1d4a95e5148edbd3fa13e21372c18",
            "input": "Article: I was born in Minneapolis. The city is in my blood. But I live in the country, and have been forced to deal with things that are difficult. One thing I've always had trouble with is birds. How could anyone enjoy staring out of the window for hours at these creatures? My mother had always been one of those ridiculous birdwatcher types. She tried to raise her children to have respect for wildlife, but with little effect on me. One evening, a bird had been sitting on the same perch  , as if frozen, for ten minutes. My mother got a ladder and took the bird from his perch. She inspected him. It seemed that his tongue was hurt, and that he was unable to drink from the feeder. My mother handed him to me while she went inside for an eyedropper  . Never in my life had I felt as frightened as when I was holding that tiny life in my hands. I placed the eyedropper inside the long beak. At first, the bird only trembled, but finally he managed to swallow. After a few minutes, he glided   to a tree nearby and returned again. He flew to the tree and then back to me again and again. It didn't take me long to realize that he was sending me a message, a sort of \"SOS\". I walked toward the tree, where I found the tiny creature trembling in the evening air. I slowly reached into the grass to pick up the bird. \"Please, be okay.\" He had asked me for help. Now he owed me a favor in return and I was asking him to stay alive. However, what I saw was another dead bird lying besides the bird. It must have been a very sad picture: a child wiping her face with her one free hand, while the other palm was cupped around a tiny, dying creature. Fate was taking its own course. Its pulse was hardly noticeable, and the body was growing colder. I realized there were some things I could change and some I must simply accept. In either way, the two worlds sometimes collide   and strangers must ask for, and be willing to receive, help from others. Without this, survival is not only impossible, but meaningless. \n Answer: To ask for help for the dying bird.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the bird fly to the author again and again?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-593b55d47a4c492da1b823759a393907",
            "input": "Article: Humans love animals and they especially love animals with humanlike personalities. For this reason, many of the most popular films are either centered on animals or have animals as important characters. Even in a movie that has little or nothing to do with animals, a pet can add a certain emotional quality to a film's plot. As expected, dogs and cats, the two most popular pets, make up the majority of animal characters in films. But many other less common pets have had starring roles also. Snakes, rats, pigs, rabbits, horses and many others have touched our lives through their extraordinary ability to personify humans in ways that humans just can't do.     Most movies that feature pets as central characters are family movies that give families a platform around which delicate subjects can be discussed. Often kids have an easier time understanding subjects like death and illness if they see it through the eyes of one of these personified animals.     These days, computer animation and graphics allow an entirely new generation of pet movies to be made. Animals that before were never seen in a film but now appear on the big screen in life. Whether they are lions, elephants, polar bears or some other exotic animals, video stores now have hundreds of titles offering humanlike performances from any type of animal imaginable.     Most animal movies have at least a little comedy. Even the saddest of classics such as Bambi or Charlotte's Web contain plenty of humor to relieve the tension and make the movie bearable. These movies almost always carry with them themes of human experiences and a message of hope. Kids learn that though life carries on with pain and sorrow, we learn to live with those facts and enjoy life for its good times.     Perhaps one of the best parts of pet movies is the way they help wipe away our stereotypes  about certain types of pets. For example, the conflict between cats and dogs is often shown in a fun and non--violent way in the movies. If these lifelong enemies can find a way to live in harmony, then certainly we humans should have no trouble doing so. Perhaps it is the fact that animals have so much to teach us about ourselves that makes us love them so much in the movies. \n Answer: Favorable.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's attitude towards pet movies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bcdb49ee2ba346d5ab6c0ae17e761980",
            "input": "Article: The cash machine is 47 years old, but where was the birthplace of this world-beating invention? New York? Tokyo? No. The first ever cash machine was born in Enfield Town, north London. It was a Scottish inventor, John shepherd Barron, who realized the concept of a self-service machine that could be used 24 hours a day, seven days a week, to withdraw cash from one's own bank account. _ struck the inventor while he was in the bath. He hit upon the idea of a chocolate bar dispenser, replacing chocolate with cash. On September 2 in 1969, America's first automatic teller machine (ATM) appeared in public, giving out cash to customers at Chemical Bank, New York. It was only able to give out cash, but in 1971, an ATM that could handle many functions, including depositing  money, was introduced. Today there are over one million ATMs around the world, with a new one added every five minutes. It is reported that Americans over the age of 18 use their ATM card six to eight times a mouth. Not surprisingly, ATMs get their busiest workouts on Fridays. In the 1990s, banks began charging fees to use ATMs, a profitable move for them and an annoying one for consumers. Consumers were also faced with an increase in ATM crimes. Robbers preyed  on people using money machines in poorly lit or otherwise unsafe locations, and criminals also thought up ways to steal customers' PINs (personal identification numbers), even setting up fake money machines to capture the information. In response, city and state governments passed laws such as New York's ATM Safety Act in 1996, which required banks to install such things as surveillance cameras  , reflective mirrors and locked entryways for their ATMs. \n Answer: It was originally designed to deposit money.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about ATM?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-905c5f2a8b2845e3b192dbcd9e7416a2",
            "input": "Article: The neglected baby is crying alone. The young man, suffering from a lack of sleep, threatens suicide. The marriage fails because of the husband's crazy behavior. Is this just another story of social breakdown in the modern age? Not really. But they are the effects of a real social problem--Internet Addiction , or, Internet Addiction Disorder. The addiction is obvious from the popularity of one game alone: \"Halo 2\". It's a first-person shooter developed by Bungie Studios for the Xbox video game console. By early 2005, 1 million players worldwide had clocked up an amazing 100 million hours on the game, among which are 360, 000 Chinese players. China has about 94 million regular Internet users. Of these, a survey suggested, 4.4 million are teenagers who are so addicted to it that they neglect anything else. Video gamers who have gone too far show symptoms similar to those of alcohol and drug abusers. \"The real world meant nothing to me when I was fully involved in online games. I lost track of time, space, hunger, pain, and everything,\" explained Liu Pinyi, a 19-year-old college dropout. She has had treatment in Beijing for her addiction. What makes it similar to drugs is that online game addicts also develop a chemical imbalance in their brains. Gaming stimulates the production of a chemical compound that produces delighted or pleasant feelings. When they're away from the screen, they suffer feelings of anxiety and headaches. Experts say young people are attracted to video games partly because they are partly because they are pushed right into the center of the action. This allows them to overcome a lack of confidence which people at that age can often suffer from. \n Answer: 36 million hours",
            "output": [
                "How much time in total had Chinese game players spent on \"Halo 2\" by early 2005?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f38e0267f447429684113b658e54f386",
            "input": "Article: My brother Ron joined the US army a few years ago. Most girls, especially those who are my age, are thrilled by anything that has to do with the \"army\". It's a novelty to them to shoot a gun, jump out of a plane, and wear uniform. Now I know you're thinking that I must find it really cool to know a solider, who's my brother. That's wrong, before I found out that my brother joined the army, I was crazy about the army. Firstly, I wanted to go to college, knew that joining the army was probably the only way I could get it as my parents couldn't afford it. Additionally there were all the other points of the army that grabbed my heart. I wanted the challenge, I wanted the discipline and I wanted the feeling that I would be doing something beyond the ability of average citizen. But as soon as my brother joined the army, all those things fell away. All I saw were dead people, guns shooting, tanks turning into a ball of fire, tents burning, and lots of blood. It was so horrible. When Ron went to Iraq, I freaked out whenever I didn't hear from him for more than a week. I kept up with the news, reading the latest newspaper and listening to the hourly reports. And every time I heard that an American solider was killed, I prayed, it' wasn't Ron. I'm proud of my brother for serving our country, and his willingness to devote his life to something he finds important. It's great to see how discipline and mature he's got, and I'm glad he has his college paid for. But although I am proud, I gladly give up the \"coolness\" of having a brother in the army. I would be perfectly all right if I had never seen that uniform on him, and he was just a plain old \"boring\" brother. I love my brother, and I'm proud of him, but I want him back home! \n Answer: Joining the army was a good choice for those who couldn't afford college education.",
            "output": [
                "What did the writer think of the army before Ron joined?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81d65ca11de6446b8a53e919d80cf885",
            "input": "Article: While firing off pictures of a curious five-month-old fox, photographer Simon Czapp soon realized his subject had quite an interest in photography herself. The clever fox was so curious about the camera equipment that she climbed right on top of it. And while she was supposed to be the subject of the shoot, the fox stood on the shutter release button   and took her own  _ .s6t---- Mr Czapp visited the New Forest Wildlife Park to capture images of new arrival Jessie. She has been at the animal park in Ashurst, Hampshire -- home to wolves, deer and other animals in 25 acres of ancient woodland -- after being left by her mother.s6t---- Mr Czapp said, \"Jessie was very playful and curious and not at all camera shy. Soon after I arrived she was chewing my shoes and everything seemed to be a game to her. Then she started exploring the camera I had set up on a tripod  . She stood on her back legs to look at the back of the camera. She balanced her front paws on it and at one point knocked it over.\"s6t---- He put the camera back on the tripod and Jessie soon jumped back up. At one point she had all four paws on the camera and was keeping her balance. Mr Czapp added, \"She jumped up there several times and I realized it could make a good picture. As I was leaving with the public's viewing window behind me, I thought I heard the camera go off but didn't think much of it. But when I checked the memory card afterwards, I was amazed to see Jessie had actually taken two pictures of me photographing her. I couldn't believe a fox had gained an advantage over me! Jessie is a lovely little fox. There were some lovely photos of her but she obviously thought the photographer was worthy of a picture too!\"s6t---- \n Answer: She loved the life in the park so much that she left her mother.s6t----",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Jessie from the passage?s6t----"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-21adb702b5434322b7c3a1140514c04e",
            "input": "Article: Many expels say that Billy Wilder changed the history of American movies.He is often called the best movie maker Hollywood has ever had. He was known for making movies that offered sharp social comment and adult sexual situations.Wilder was one of the first directors to do this. Between the middle 1930s and the 1980s,Billy Wilder made almost fifty movies.During that time he received more than twenty nominations from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.He won six of the Oscar awards.Wilder made famous movies like\"Sunset Boulevard\".and\"Double Indemnity.\"He also directed\"The Lost Weekend\",and\"The Seven Year Itch.\" Wilder was born in 1906 in the former Austro-Hungarian Empire.He started law school in Vienna,Austria at the beginning.Then he decided to abandon the major.By the 1920s,he was writing movies in Germany.However,the Nazis had risen to power in the nation.Wilder was Jewish,and he recognized that he had no future in Nazi Germany.Then he left Europe for America. Billy Wilder had only eleven dollars when he arrived to settle in the United States in 1934.He formed a writing team with Charles Brackett.The two writers created many films together. Wilder and Brackett wrote several successful movies.Wilder always praised this man as a friend and teacher whose humor and expert direction greatly influenced his work. In his love stories.Billy Wilder did not follow the Hollywood tradition of sweet boy-meets-girl situations.He had an unusual way of showing relations between men and women.For example,one of his most successful films was\"Hold Back the Dawn.\"In 1944,Billy Wilder made a film called\"Double Indemnity.\"Some critics said this movie established him as one of the greatest Hollywood directors.Billy Wilder died in Los Angeles in 2002 after battling health problems. \n Answer: The famous director--Billy Wilder.",
            "output": [
                "What does the text mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2967e852a6de4432b2b38d63962acba6",
            "input": "Article: Liu Jiaoyang, 16, carefully winds a bobbin  with thread, places it on her sewing machine   and then presses her foot down to begin sewing.While she' s doing this, she pretends to guide fabric  through the machine.Liu looks forward to the class when she can work on a piece of real cloth, and make a beautiful dress. Each Tuesday afternoon, after the bell rings for the fourth period, Liu becomes a fashion designer.At the same time, the rest of the students at the High School Attached to Yunnan Normal University in Kunming are also having classes a little bit different from the usual ones.Some students dance, others create robots, and still others review films.These are just a few of the other 27 elective   courses besides Liu's sewing class that the school began to offer last month. \"The fashion design class has become the bright point of my week.I learn how to choose colors and fabrics   as well as sewing and sketching   skills.It's all helping me to realize the dream of becoming a fashion designer I' ve had since I was a little girl, \" Liu said. Design is Liu' s favorite, but for other students the electives are interesting lessons which relieve   the pressures of schoolwork.Some students, for example, are learning how to play bridge.Chen Xi,15, is one of them.She said, \"Many people think that playing a card game like this in class is a waste of time.But in fact, bridge is a very challenging game that helps develop memory and math skills.\" \n Answer: 28",
            "output": [
                "How many elective courses had the school offered by last month?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e37e16c831f7432e9cc4cf9aa9838b35",
            "input": "Article: A lot of people today are used to working, going on holiday, and having money---but many of them aren't happy. Yet other people seem to be really happy , even if they are poor. Why?          Professor Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, from the University of Chicago, has interviewed thousands of people who have a happy life to find out how they do it. \"I've been studying happiness for over 30 years,\" he says. \"My interest in the subject came from my own experience as a child during World War II , when I saw many adults destroyed by the terrible events. But there were always a few who kept their courage, helped others, and were able to give a sense of purpose and meaning to their lives. I wanted to find out how a person could build a fulfilling and enjoyable life.\"          In general, his research showed that people were unhappy doing nothing. The professor stresses that happy people didn't waste time, either at work or when they are free. \"Many people feel that the time they spend at work or at school is wasted. But often their free time is also wasted. Many people are used to doing passive things----watching television, for example----without using any skills. As a result, life goes past in a series of boring experiences.\"          But it doesn't have to be this way. The professor has found that people are happy when get into something he calls \"flow\". When people get very involved in a task that they have chosen, and which is well-defined and challenging , they experience \"flow\", a state where they don't notice time passing.          They also experience enjoyment. Professor Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, makes a contrast between enjoyment and pleasure. \"I used to think they were the same thing---- but they're not! Pleasure is a big bowl of ice cream, or taking a hot bath on a cold day ---nothing bad at all! But enjoyment is about doing something and achieving something. It isn't really important what we do, it's more important to do something, and feel positive about it, and to try to do it well.\"          People who are not used to happiness can learn how to be happy, says the professor, if they constantly get into \"flow\" states. Is happiness as easy as that? Perhaps it is. \n Answer: The secret of having a fulfilling and pleasant life.",
            "output": [
                "What did the professor want to find out through his research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b65e9fa8e824c329de87e4d4d317637",
            "input": "Article: Celebrity TV presenter Ju Ping has been a host on China Central Television for 30 years, but her recent experience fronting a charity event was one of the most special moments in her career. On April 2, World Autism Day, Ju partnered with Xia Junqi, a 17-year-old autistic teenager, to host a charity gala at the Beijing National Aquatics Center, otherwise known as the Water Cube. The event was organized by One Foundation, which aims to increase public awareness of autistic people and their needs. Autism is a neural disorder that _ sufferers' communication skills and social interactions. Sufferers have restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. It affects about 1.6 million people in China, with medical studies suggesting autism may affect one in every 166 children. Autism has no cure. For many years it went largely undiagnosed in China but early intervention and continuous education may help to teach the autistic self-help skills and lessen their disruptive behavior. The gala featured autistic children singing, dancing and performing, and was greeted with enthusiastic applause from the audience. Cai Chunzhu, a celebrity playwright, recalled feeling heartbroken when his son was diagnosed with autism at the age of 2. He says his family struggled to accept the reality but finally made peace with the diagnoses in the past four years. He says the boy lives in his own world and is trained in an intervention facility. Sun Zhongkai, executive director of the Beijing Stars and Rain Institute for Autism, one of the earliest intervention facilities for autistic children in China, shared with audience his deep sorrow for parents who often collapsed with desperation when he told them there was no cure for their autistic children. Over the years, Chinese society has become more supportive of autistic people and their families, but there are still challenges in terms of getting autistic people employed and looking after them when their parents pass away. Actor Zhou Xun also called on society to show greater understanding and support toward autistic children and their families. \n Answer: In the Water Cube.",
            "output": [
                "Where did the gala take place?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a7927ff9c7594c7ca40d685da663c2b2",
            "input": "Article: Kilimanjaro Climb : a Rite of Passage for Father and Son Climbing Kilimanjaro is a transformational experience for many people. The things that make the mountain hard are the very things that make it so powerful. In the case of my son Josh and I,the walk up Kilimanjaro proved a powerful symbol ofhis transition into manhood, and a great change in our relationship. Day three on the mountain, Josh was hit with massive headaches. He told me every step felt like a nail driving into his head. And then, on the night we climbed the crater rim, less than 40 minutes from the summit, Josh fell. I was walking ahead, and did not even see it. He was so exhausted that he could not get up. He recalled our guides, debating whether or not they should take him straight down. Josh _ He forced himself to his feet, shook the guides off. He set his face towards the peak and just kept marching. Near the summit he caught up with me and we reached the peak together. \" I've never been in so much pain and so happy at the same time,,,he said, as we sat side by side on the frozen rock and looked down over Africa. \"You know, in the past when we'd go on camping and rafting trips, you guided and took care of me through it all. But on Kilimanjaro it was different. From the bottom up, I climbed it. I never feltlike a kid, even when 1 was in pain. You never acted like a parent.\" \"That's not quite true,\"I replied. \"When you told me that on the summit you fell-and I did not even notice, my first thought was, 'Oh my God! I'm such an awful parent!' But then it hit me, 'He got himself up. He walked to the peak on his own. He didn't need me to help.,\" I realized as I spoke that two people had died that night on Kilimanjaro. A child and a parent. It wasjust two friends who walked down the mountain together. \n Answer: Josh felt quite good about his independence.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the talk between the father and the son?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0c82971dad014ac3bf60579fb7396a0d",
            "input": "Article: Yesterday I went to the nursing home to visit my step mom's grandma. When I got there she was happy to see me. Then I heard a woman crying. It was my great grandma's roommate. The curtain was drawn so I could not see her. She started calling out a name that wasn't mine but she was definitely talking to me, begging me to go to her side of the room. Then she started begging and saying, \"Please, come see me!\" So I went to see her. She looked so old and weak but flashed me the biggest smile! She opened her arms wide for me to hug her so I bent low and gave her a hug. Then I sat on her bed and talked with her for a few minutes. She kept calling me by the other name but I did not correct her. She told me stories like I had been there when they happened. Eventually I went back to visit with my great grandma. Then the other woman started crying again, saying, \"Please, come back.\" I stopped by the nurse's station and the nurse told me that the lady was suffering from Alzheimer's. I mentioned the name she had called me. The nurse told me it was the lady's daughter's name. It was a heartbreaking experience but it gave me a new perspective on life. We will all get old someday.Some of us will have broken minds like my great grandma's roommate and some of us will have broken bodies like my great grandma.But what was beautiful was the fact that both ladies,one 86 and the other 90,did not have broken spirits.As I was leaving I promised I would go back and visit the lady,even after my great grandma moves back to her home state. \n Answer: Because she missed her daughter very much.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the other lady crying when the author was there?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9e0fe34f9614237a8a5b9cd62d50c62",
            "input": "Article: In the past, people who graduated from college felt proud of their academic   achievements and felt confident that their degree would help them to find a good job. However, in the past five years the job market has changed greatly. This year's college graduates are facing one of the worst job markets. For example, Ryan Stewart, a graduate of San Jose State University, got a degree in religious studies, but no job _ He points out that many people already working are getting laid off and don't have jobs, so it's even harder for new college graduates to find jobs. Five years ago, the future looked bright for the class of 2006. There were many high-tech job chances. Graduates received many job offers, and they were able to get jobs with high salaries and benefits such as insurance   and paid vacations. However, \"Times have changed and it's a new market,\" according to an officer of the San Jose State Career Center. The officer says students who do find jobs started preparing two years ago. They worked during summer vacations, they have had several short-time jobs, and they've majored in one of the few fields that are still hot, like chemical engineering, accounting, or nursing, where average starting salaries have actually increased over last year. Other popular fields (like information system management, computer science, and political science) have seen big declines   in starting salaries. Ryan Stewart (he had hoped to become a teacher) may go back to school in order to become a college teacher. He thinks college teaching could be a good career even in a bad economy. In conclusion, _ For now, they can only hope the value of their degree will increase over time. \n Answer: accounting",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following majors has the best job offers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-92b512388419491d93535b298b5d783f",
            "input": "Article: American actress Marisa Tomei won an Academy Award for her work in the 1992 movie My Cousin Vinny. People laughed when they saw her film character telling a boyfriend that they need to get married. Why marriage? Because her biological clock is ticking and she wants a baby. \"Well I hate to bring it up because I know you got enough pressure on you already. But...we agreed to get married as soon as you won your first case(law case). Meanwhile, ten years later...my niece...the daughter of my sister is getting married. My biological clock is ticking like this (stomp, stomp, stomp). And the way this case is going...I ain't never getting married.\" \"Lisa, I don't need this. I swear to God I don't need this right now.\" Using it this way, a biological clock means the time in a woman's life when she is able to bear children. In the not-so-distant past, most people thought that when a woman reached her 40s it was too late for her to have children. The time on her biological clock had run out. Well, that has changed. These days some women are resetting their biological clocks. They are giving themselves more time to have children. Make no mistake. Being a \"Single Mother by Choice\" is very different from younger women who find themselves pregnant, perhaps not by choice. Generally speaking, single mothers by choice are older and well educated. They are usually financially secure and successful in their careers. So, they have the money. What they may not have is a partner. This is the place in life where writer Kerry Reichs found herself several years ago. She says she did not plan to become a single mother. She says she just did not find the right partner. \"Well, I think I had a set of standards for the partner I was looking for and I didn't meet anyone that fit those standards. And, at 39 I found myself single, without children and I wanted them very much. So, I made the difficult decision that I could do this on my own. \n Answer: It refers to a women's certain life period.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what is a biological clock?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5e64519aa3a04d379ce020db1d7f1769",
            "input": "Article: For many people, the story of cottages -- small vacation homes away from the city -- is a deeply personal one. For some families, cottages have been the scene of reunions, vacations and family adventures for generations. In North America, \"cottaging \" really began during the 19th century. At that time, crowds of people were moving from family farms to cities. Naturally, these people often felt a _ for the natural beauty of the countryside. Frequently located near lakes, in the mountains of woods, cottages provided a perfect solution. Traditionally small and rustic  ,many cottages were once simple log  homes without bathrooms, water or electricity. While in most cases that is no longer true, people still go to cottages in large numbers to escape the city and to enjoy \"cottage life.\" Despite the peaceful setting, there is always plenty to do at a cottage. If you enjoy outdoor activities, try hunting, boating or hiking. Many cottages are located near a lake, so you have opportunities to go swimming, boating or sunbathing around. Enjoy a picnic with your family, or build a campfire to roast hot dogs. On rainy days, curl up  on a comfortable chair inside and read, or enjoy board games   with your friends and relatives. Want to get out and explore? Take a tour of the lake in a motorboat, or visit one of the many small villages located nearby. Many families rent cottages instead of owning them, but for those who do, there's always work to be done. Wood must be chopped for the stove. Leaves need to be gathered and gardens taken care of. Since many cottages are old buildings, there's usually something that needs to be fixed or painted. The story of cottages is one of families, traditions and memories. Are you ready to try cottaging with your family? \n Answer: It was built in a short time.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about a cottage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9b0662a33ef41d3b5cd5a9e7be50e9d",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever wondered what a Degree might be worth to you in your job or career?It means a lot---Americans with an Associate Degree average nearly $10,000 more in yearly earnings than those with just a High School Diploma. Harcourt Learning Direct offers you a way to get a Specialized Associate Degree in 11 of today's growing fields--without having to go to college full time.With Harcourt,you study at home,in your spare time---so you don't have to give up your present job while you train for a better one.Choose from exciting majors like Business Management,Accounting,Dressmaking & Design,Bookkeeping,Photography,Computer Science,Engineering,and more! Your training includes everything you need Books,lessons,learning aids--even professional quality tools and equipment--everything you need to master your training and move ahead to a new career is included in the low tuition price you pay. Your education is nationally recognized! Nearly 2,000 American companies---including General Electric,IBM,Mobil,General Motors,Ford,and many others have used our training for their employees.If companies like these recognize the value of our training,you can be sure that employers in your area will,too! Earn yomr degree in as little as two years!Get a career diploma in just six months! The career of your dreams is closer than you think!Even if you have no experience before,you can get valuable job skills in today's hottest fields!Step-by-steplessons make learning easy.Prepare for promotions,pay rises,even start a business of your own! Send today for FREE information about Harcourt at-home training! Simply fill in your name and address on the coupon above.Then,write in the name and number of the one program you're most interested in,and mail it today.We'll rush you free information about how you can take advantage of the opportunities in the field you've chosen.Act today! Mail coupon today!Or call the number below 1-800-372-1589. Call anytime.24 hours a day,7 days a week. www.harcourt-learning.com E-mail:harcourt@learning.com \n Answer: High school graduates preparing for college entrance examinations.",
            "output": [
                "Who will probably answer this advertisement?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8d44483a962a4d8e9dc18d8c8e46e162",
            "input": "Article: Lisa is ten years old. She is disabled because she has brain damage. She could not do even the simplest thing until a year ago. She could not comb her hair or feed herself. Her parents loved her. And they treated her like a baby. Mr. Ching has a daughter and a son. They are both grown. They live far from their father. Mr. Cling felt lonely. He decided to become a foster grandfather to a handicapped child. And that was how he met Lisa. Foster grandparents are grandparents who are not related by birth but foster parents love the children they care for. They also help the handicapped children in special ways. They help to dress and feed the children. They read to them and tell them stories. They also help with handicapped children's therapy. Therapy is the treatment of a disease or disorder. It helps the children overcome their handicaps. Mr. Cling became a foster grandparent to Lisa when she was nine years old. At first, Lisa was shy. She was afraid because Mr. Cling was a stranger. But he came to see her every day, gradually she began to trust him. At last, Lisa let Mr. Cling do things for her. Cling speaks for most foster grandparents when he say, \"We all benefit. The handicapped children benefit because we help them live more useful lives. And we benefit because we know the children need us and love us. For any person, there is no greater happiness than that.\" \n Answer: She was a blind girl.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Lisa need help?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-877b608de71b499bbcc58f1ec14a0460",
            "input": "Article: Elizabeth's Second! In 60 years, the Queen has never put a foot wrong in public. And for the last 24 of them, it turns out she's had a secret weapon -- the nice Ella Slack. The former BBC manager has, unknown to anyone except a handful of key advisers, spent the last quarter of a century acting as the Queen's official stand-in at rehearsals   for royal events. The 69-year-old has never accepted a penny for her royal service, considering it \"a pleasure and an honour\" to ensure that everything runs smoothly for the Queen. \"How many people in the world have had a chance to sit in a royal landau   or walk onto the dais   at Windsor Castle even before the Queen has done so?\" she said. While Miss Slack may not resemble the Queen facially, she has a similar figure to the Queen, standing just 5 foot. The Queen is 5 foot 2 inch. She began her remarkable role in 1988, when she was working as manager of the BBC's sports and events department. A producer asked her if she could stand in for the Queen to check camera angles at a rehearsal -- and her second career was born. Since then, from the State Opening of Parliament   to the 50th anniversary of Victory day, wherever the Queen is on duty Miss Slack is likely to have been there first. She has perfected her own version of the Queen's clothes, including a black patent handbag she bought in a charity shop for PS1, and even styles her hair like the Queen. \n Answer: She and Miss Slack have a lot in common.",
            "output": [
                "What's the Queen's secret weapon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e7a15e7a673e438c9d3d348c5e86f685",
            "input": "Article: President Barack Obama set out his plans for the nation on January 27. At the top of his to-do list: his jobs for Americans, health care and education. \"Although we have our difficulties, our union is strong. We do not give up. We do not stop,\" President Barack Obama told American in his State of the Union speech on January 27. Guests and government officials filled the hall of the House of Representatives  . Obama looked back on his first year in office and explained his plan for the future. He dealt with important matters, including health care, the nation' s high unemployment, national security   and education. Many times during the 70-minute speech, people in the hall clapped   their hands happily. The U.S. law system requires the President to report regularly to government officials. Presidents see the speech as an opportunity to set their goals and encourage the nation. The President devoted much of his speech to the _ of unemployed   Americans. \"Jobs must be our Number 1 focus   in 2010,\" he said. \"People are out of work. They are hurting.\" Obama also stressed the value of education. \"The best way for people to lead a better life is a first-class education.\" he told the nation. Following the President's speech, the other party always gets the chance to speak. Bob McDonnell, the new governor of Virginia, spoke for Republicans  . He agreed with many of Obama's goals, but pointed out policy difference. He tried to persuade both parties to work together. The President had made the same point earlier in the evening. He promised to hold monthly meetings with members of both parties. \"Let's show the American people,\" he said, \"that we can do it together.\" \n Answer: Jobs.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following things does Obama consider the most important in 2010?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-27e1ff3eea4d4f78ba0cdc21b248bd44",
            "input": "Article: El Nifio, a Spanish term for \"the Christ child\", was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round. The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American's economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones. But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought  in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters. The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction. Simple improvements to infrastructure  can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers  make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino's harmful effects--and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority. \n Answer: Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.",
            "output": [
                "What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d08557b481f145598ed65d8736606e52",
            "input": "Article: People have been growing chrysanthemums for more than 2,000 years. Mums make bright and colorful gardens. People in China and other Asian cultures make tea with the flowers. One basic kind of mum is the garden mum. The other basic kind is the florist mum. The garden mum is better able to handle different growing conditions. There are many varieties of mums. The decorative mum is often seen in gardens. Another popular type, the quill mum, has long, straight petals like a tube or needle. Chrysanthemum blooms can be white, yellow, gold, red or other colors. The plants often grow one meter high. The soil for chrysanthemums should be kept moist but well drained so it does not get too wet. Newly-planted mums should be watered two or three times a week, depending on conditions. Plants established in the ground may do well just with normal rainfall. Mums grow best in full sunshine. They produce colorful blooms when days get shorter and nights get longer. The life cycle of the plant depends on the amount of daylight. This is why experts advise against placing mums near night lights or street lights. The light may interfere with their normal growth cycle. The plants may develop buds too soon. In climates where temperatures fall below freezing, plant mums at least six weeks before the first frost. That way, the plants will be well established for cold weather. Some gardeners say the most beautiful presentation comes from planting mums close together. But be sure to leave enough space to let air flow between the plants. If not, there may be a greater chance of disease. To get more blooms, gardeners pinch back the branches when new growth has reached fifteen centimeters. Squeeze about five to seven centimeters off each branch. Pinch it again when a branch grows another twelve to fifteen centimeters. Stop the pinching about one hundred days before you want the plants to bloom. \n Answer: The amount of daylight.",
            "output": [
                "What has a great effect on the life cycle of the mum?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4cee9dc240a74fa19925592f051ab081",
            "input": "Article: Henry Ford was born on a farm on July 30th, 1863. The farm was near the city of Detroit. Henry was always interested in machines. He enjoyed fixing clocks.And he helped repair farm equipment. When Henry was sixteen years old, he left the family farm and went to Detroit to learn more about machines. Henry used what he learned from work to develop engines. In 1903, he was ready to start building cars for the public. On July 15th,  1903, a man named Doctor Pfenning bought the first car from the Ford Motor Company. The sale to Doctor Pfenning was the beginning of a huge number of requests for Ford cars.By the end of March, 1904, almost 600 Ford cars had been sold. At the start of 1905, the Ford Motor Company was producing 25 cars each day. Henry Ford was sure the future of the automobile industry was in a low-priced car for the general public. He said then, and many times after,\"I want to make a car that anybody can buy.\" In 1907, Henry Ford said: \"I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. 1t will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modern engineering can produce. _ \n Answer: Ford aimed to build cars for the general public.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a71303e322d34daf9abc1ea890a5da94",
            "input": "Article: In one of the old buildings near our school,one could see an old man sitting by a large window on the first floor.His name was James.During the three years at schoo1, I had hardly ever found him missing from his usual position. He was a high-ranking government official and lived happily with his wife.Once there was a bus accident,in which a number of passengers were seriously injured and were taken to the hospital for treatment.James was responsible for the rescue operation.It was a big hospital,but James was shocked to notice how ill-equipped it was.There were no enough life-saving drugs and life--supporting equipment. The injured and their companions had to struggle there.James attempted to help.However,though he emptied his pockets,many of them died that day. That was a turning point in his life.He made a decision to devote his life to helping others, particularly the poor and needy patients and their companions.He began spending much of his income on these people.Since this required a lot of time and energy,he found it difficult to fulfill his official duties and therefore chose to retire,which,in turn,reduced his income considerably. His wife was deeply worried. Most of the time,James was out and paid least attention to home affairs.Meanwhile,as he was spending a lot helping others,she had to struggle even to meet the household expenses.Though she was not opposed to his helping the poor,she urged him not to overlook his own life and home,but it had no effect on him.One day they had a heated argument and in the end she left him,never to return.Though he continued with his work, _ was a great blow and did serious harm to his health and enthusiasm and was soon forced to stay indoors.That was when he took his position by the window,spending his time looking outside. A few weeks after my graduation,I returned to school,only to find the buildings gone.I heard that they were torn down.All the people left except James.He refused to go and the next morning,he was found at his usual place by the window,dead. \n Answer: The responsibilities in the operation.",
            "output": [
                "What changed James' view towards life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5d5f80e3b56443d1a08512f6f0e9ac12",
            "input": "Article: Fifty years ago, Martin Luther King dreamed of an America that would one day deliver on its promise of equality for all of its citizens, black as well as white. Today, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg has a dream, too: he wants to provide Internet access to the world's five billion people who do not now have it. But the world currently faces a growing technological divide, with implications for equality, liberty, and the right to pursue happiness. Around the world, more than two billion people live in the Digital Age. They can access a vast universe of information, communicate at little or no cost with their friends and family, and connect with others with whom they can cooperate in new ways. The other five billion are still stuck in the Paper Age in which my generation grew up. Internet.org, a global partnership launched by Zuckerberg, plans to bring the two-thirds of the world's population without Internet access into the Digital Age. The partnership consists of seven major information-technology companies, as well as non-profit organizations and local communities. A friend working to provide family-planning advice to poor Kenyans recently told me that so many women were coming to the clinic that she could not spend more than five minutes with each. These women have only one source of advice, and one opportunity to get it, but if they had access to the Internet, the information could be there for them whenever they wanted it. Enlarging our vision still more, it is a hope that putting the world's poor online would result in connections between them and more affluent people, leading to more assistance. Research shows that people are more likely to donate to a charity helping the hungry if they are given a photo and told the name and age of a girl like those the charity is aiding. If a mere photo and a few identifying details can do that, what might _ with the person do? Providing universal Internet access can also raise new risks and sensitive ethical issues, the distinctiveness of local cultures may be eroded, which has both a good and a bad side, for such cultures can restrict freedom and deny equality of opportunity. On the whole, though, it is reasonable to expect that giving poor people access to knowledge and the possibility of connecting with people anywhere in the world will be socially transforming in a very positive way. \n Answer: Making people without Internet enjoy the benefits of it.",
            "output": [
                "What is Zuckerberg's purpose of providing Internet access to people who do not now have it?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ccdcce9e5eb8412fb01c5ad705f74422",
            "input": "Article: I was a medical student. To gather data for my paper, I started visiting patients at Dr Sardjito Hospital, where I would review the medical records of patients and then interview them. One evening, I was in a ward , desperately \"hunting\" for the final three patients I needed to complete my study. Holding a patient questionnaire, I walked towards a room. A patient called Ms A was lying in bed, clearly still weak. There were no relatives or friends with her. Even the bed beside her was empty. I sat down on a chair next to her bed, and in a low voice I introduced myself and asked if I could gather some additional information from her. She agreed. After I finished, I prepared to leave. Before I could stand up, Ms A said, \"I haven't seen you here before, doctor. Are you new?\" \"Not really, Madam. It's just that I don't come here every day,\" I replied. Ms A started talking about herself. She shared her difficulties and sufferings, talked about her husband, who was killed in a car accident, and that she struggled to earn money. All I did was nod my head as a way of showing my sympathy. Without realizing it, I had begun holding Ms A's hand. Finally, Ms A stopped talking. \"I'm very sorry for keeping you here to listen to my problem, but I feel relieved now. I had no one to pour out my problems to.\" Tears fell from the corner of her eyes. Finally, I knew what to say. \"It's OK, Madam. It's part of my duty.\" I stood up and waved goodbye. A few days later, when I returned to the ward, I discovered Ms A had left the hospital as her condition had improved. Ms A taught me the most important lessons a doctor can learn. Sometimes patients do not need expensive medicine. They just need someone with the patience and willingness to lend an ear and spare a little of their time. \n Answer: Because she needed medical information for her paper.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author interview the patients at Dr Sardjito Hospital?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e50db0f05a1b4c71abd31f3786f616c4",
            "input": "Article: Getting sick overseas can be scary. You're in an unfamiliar place and often don't speak the language. Although each trip is different, there are universal things you can do to keep safe.               Be prepared.  \"Schedule a visit with a doctor who specializes in travel or the area you're visiting at least four weeks before your departure,\" says WHO public health expert Dr. Gilles Poumerol. A travel doctor will be able to give you the required and recommended vaccinations  as well as discuss any medical issues you may come across abroad.               Get insurance.  \"In many countries where you have limited access to health care, good health care is only found in the private sector and can be very expensive,\" Dr. Poumerol says. Plus, in an emergency, returning to the United States can cost more than $50,000. Ask your health insurance company whether your policy applies overseas and whether it will cover trips to a foreign hospital. If not, there are many companies that offer short-term travel health insurance for a reasonable fee. A list can be found on the US State Department's travel website. Ks5u                 Pack well.  Dr. Poumerol also suggests bringing a note from your doctor in English and the language of the country you're visiting. Packing an emergency contact list is important. Contacts should include the local embassy ,  s who should be informed if you get sick and your health insurance company.               Be care.  You have to be in charge of your health. If you're being treated abroad, question the medical staff about their sterilization  practices; injection   equipment should be put in boiling water for at least 30 minutes or used only once. Also be sure that doctors and nurses are wearing gloves to prevent fluid transfer. Limiting your alcohol intake will keep you focused on your safety. If your common sense is perfect, the rest of your body should follow. \n Answer: It's a terrible thing to get sick in a strange country.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d33600a3729f49ec925107695a89aa46",
            "input": "Article: There are many types of reports. A report is simply an account of something that has happened. The commonest are new reports. We get them in newspapers, over the radio and on television. Sometimes cinemas also show us newsreels . The main purpose of a newspaper is to provide news. If you examine a newspaper closely, you will find that there are all types of news: accidents, floods, fires, wars, fashions, sports, books, etc. The news covers everything that happens to people and their surroundings. Sometimes there are news items which are very amusing. A news report is usually very short, except when it is about something very important, but it contains a lot of information. It is also written in short paragraphs. The first paragraph is, in fact, a summary of the news item. It gives all the necessary information--what, when, where, how and why. The other paragraphs give full details of the subject. There may also be interviews with people. The words actually spoken by them are within inverted commas . Often there are photographs with the news to make it more interesting. \n Answer: Radios, television and newspapers.",
            "output": [
                "In this passage, which of the following is mentioned as sources of new reports?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e7d72869f5844530a5bb40602c9c7092",
            "input": "Article: My daughter and I collected the empty cans and bottles in our home this morning.We had 6 full garbage bags later so I knew we would be spending a bit more of time at the recycling center.When we got there,a man and his kids were also doing the morning recycling and were using two of the four machines to recycle their plastic and cans.Luckily,we were able to use the 2 remaining machines. Of course,there were others that came,but when they saw the two families with garbage bags full of recycled things,they quickly left.However,one woman came in with just 5 cans and looked as if she was in a hurry.So I stopped what I was doing and let her in to recycle her cans.Of course,she was grateful,and it felt good to let her go ahead of me.But that was not the whole story. My daughter and I continued to work through the bags,but the plastic recycling machine stopped working because it was full.My daughter was left with nothing to do.The other family was still using the other two plastic recycling machines,but it seemed that they were almost done.I just told my daughter we would have to wait until they were done.But the man of the other family came through with another act of kindness.He offered to let us go ahead of him.I was really surprised,because we had more than 5 bottles,but he didn't seem to mind.I happily accepted _  It was great to give and then to get an act of kindness in turn.It was small,I didn't expect it,but it surely brightened up my day. \n Answer: Because the woman seemed to be in a hurry.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer let the woman recycle her cans first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5624ee22174d4d7c9fa8c7c67dc54595",
            "input": "Article: Security--for the information on your smart phone, as well as for the phone itself--is a hot topic these days.The truth is that you're packing a lot of sensitive information on your phone, and you should keep it safe. When it comes to physical security, iPhone users would do well to download Find My iPhone, a free app from Apple that allows you to visit a website and see your (lost, stolen or misplaced) phone on the map.You can then sound an alarm, send a message that will pop up on its screen, lock the phone or erase all your data. Android does not have an exact equivalent , but there are plenty of alternatives. A free app called Lookout offers the findmyphone feature.The paid version allows you to wipe the data from your phone remotely. Then there is your coffee shop's WiFi network.Anyone with minimal technical expert skill can snoop on  people using shared wireless networks, harvesting passwords and other personal data. Lookout will caution you when you've logged on to an insecure network, but cannot protect you once you're there. In order to protect yourself on such networks, you can use a virtual private network, or VPN. This turns all your activity into nonsense to anyone trying to read along with you from across Starbucks. It also keeps websites from tracking you and, if you're travelling, allows you to get access to sites that may be blocked in other countries. If you have an iPhone, the simplest VPN app is probably Hotspot Shield, whose distinguishing feature is said to be that it automatically kicks in each time you start browsing  , as opposed to other VPN apps that require you to start them up manually .This matters, because even if you decide you want a VPN app, you want to spend approximately zero time thinking about it. For the most part, _ was true of Hotspot Shield, though occasionally it took a while to connect or temporarily lost connection without warning. I found myself having to turn the app on and off sometimes, which involved setting my phone constantly. If even reading about the settings on your phone drive you crazy, then it is probably best to stay away from a VPN app. But if you're the type who can't resist checking your bank balance from your corner bar, the hassle  may be preferable to the risk. \n Answer: Find My iPhone.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can warn you against the insecure network?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b96ff465a63c407bbcb529f8706ab3f3",
            "input": "Article: \"If there is one thing I'm sure about, it is that m a hundred years from now we will still be reading newspapers. It is not that newspapers are a necessity. Even now some people get  most of their news from television or radio. Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday. But for most people reading a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation. The nature of what is news may change .What basically makes news is what affects our lives - the big political stories, the coverage of the wars, earthquakes and other disasters, will continue much the same. I think there will be more coverage of scientific research, though .It's already happening in areas that may directly affect our lives, like genetic  engineering. In the future, I think  there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we do - as we develop a better understanding of how the brain operates  and what our feelings really are. It's quite possible that in the next century newspapers will be transmitted electronically from Fleet Street and printed out in our own home. In fact ,I'm pretty sure  how it will happen m the future. You will probably be able to choose from a menu, making up your own newspaper by picking out the things you want to read - sports and international news, etc. I think people have got it wrong when they talk about competition between the different media .They actually _ each  other.  Some people once foresaw that television would kill off newspapers, but that hasn't happened. What is read on the printed page lasts longer than pictures on a screen or sound lost in the air. And as for the Internet. it's never really pleasant to read something just on a screen. \n Answer: The Future of Newspaper",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2339e7ab25d24a8a81d84d532f542545",
            "input": "Article: If you are a book-lover, you may be interested in the following. Dietland, by Sarai Walker If you're sick of the stick-thin and perfectly slim models of society today, Dietland is for you. The funny novel follows Plum Kettle, an over-weight advice journalist who answers fan mail for a teen girls' website. She's convinced that her life won't really start until she saves up enough money for her weight-loss operation -- when she'll finally look like the \"perfect\" woman. But after she gets pulled into a series of adventures with a group of women who live life on their own terms, she begins to reconsider her own opinions of what \"beauty\" really is. Orhan's Inheritance, by Aline Ohanesian After Orhan's Turkish grandfather dies, he learns that while he's taken over his grandfather's successful business, the house that's been in his family for generations was not left to him. Instead, it went to an 87-year-old woman who lives in L.A. that no one in his family has ever heard of. To get to the bottom of this, Orhan travels to L.A. to meet with the woman. It's then that he uncovers the secrets of his family. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, by Yuval Noah Harari If the story of evolution   has always interested you, this book is for you. In it, Dr. Yuval Noah Harari explores how, if 100,000 years ago there were six different kinds of humans on Earth, only one lived through to today: homo sapiens. He takes both an historical and biological approach to his discussion of how humans have evolved over time. He talks about the society created by sapiens and cultural wonders. And perhaps what is most fascinating is the evolution of humans. \n Answer: A slim shape.",
            "output": [
                "What does Plum Kettle want before she joins the women in the adventures?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4a4a768d6dc8483ca9686c7508f61ae6",
            "input": "Article: The mobile phone rule is just common polite behavior. Most people today have a mobile phone. In fact, many people can't imagine how they ever get along without them. However, many people also complain  about mobile phone users. People complain about other people loudly discussing personal matters in public places. They complain when mobile phones ring in movie theaters and concert halls. They complain about people driving too slow, and paying no attention to where they are going because they are talking  on a mobile phone. And they complain about people walking around talking to people who aren't there. Whenever a new communication technology becomes popular, it changes the way in which society is organized. Society has to invent rules for the polite way to use the new devices . Our rules of politeness for mobile phones are still evolving(;). The mobile phone rule applies to most public places. Always try to have your phone ring as low as possible or put your mobile phone on the vibration  mode, so _ does not distract the people around you. The basic mobile phone rule includes: 1. Switch it off: Turn it off when you have meetings, worship, and so on. 2. Be brief: When you get a call and you're with friends, keep the call short. 3. Permission: Often, it is correct and polite behavior to inform others at the beginning of the meeting that you are expecting an important call and get their permission. 4. Be polite: Don't scream -- speak in a lower-than-normal voice. 5. Don't distract: Avoid talking where you may be distracting to others. 6. Driving: It is not only very dangerous, but also unlawful in most countries to drive and talk on your mobile phone. \n Answer: Mobile phone rule.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9331f256dc9470ca51de45fe9851d6d",
            "input": "Article: YOUR KIDS ARE AMAZING --especially compared with everybody else's (who seem to cry all the time). How do you show your love for your kids this holiday season? With toys that are smooth and colorful, interactive and exciting. And with ones that have educational value -- because you are the boss. FLAX ART HOSPITAL PUZZLE AND PLAY SET Here is a toy that doesn't need power, and the kids have to put it together themselves. This 50-piece-puzzle set is made of soft-edged hardwood and makes a complete hospital, with an X-ray room. It also includes eight patients, a car and a driver. $135. TINY LOVE ACTIVITY BALL Sure, it's cool, but this colorful baby toy also develops problem solving and motor skills. It has a head and legs, a magnetic  hand and a tail. Suitable for little ones from 6-36 months. $19.95; tiny-love.com. ROBOSAPIEN This small, remote-control robot is really powerful. It performs 67 preprogrammed functions, including throwing, kicking, picking up and dancing. You can even program your own function -- which, sadly, does not include doing windows. $99 robosapienonline.com. MINI PEDAL CAR Want a mini Cooper but can't fit the family inside? Get one for the kids. They can jump into this mini car, which comes in hot orange with a single adjustable seat, and ride away. But it could spoil them for that used car they'll be driving when they turn 16. For ages 3 to 5. $189; minicar.com (click on \"gear up\" then \"mini motoring gear\") \n Answer: tiny-love.com",
            "output": [
                "What website can you visit if you want a baby toy for your kid?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-99cffb6141404267b6f1ed5423aeed92",
            "input": "Article: Linking the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean, the blue waters of the Gulf of Aden near Somalia are one of the most important trading routes in the world. But they are also the most feared.       Pirates   whose targets are ships and their crew often show up there. On September 25, a Ukrainian ship carrying 30 tanks became another victim.       The pirates have reportedly killed one of the crewmen and are now surrounded by the US Navy. But they are still demanding $ 20 million for the release of the ship.       This year alone, more than 50 ships have been attacked, 25 hijacked  , and 14 are currently being held.      Of course this is nothing new either. Ever since there has been water and ships there have been pirates. The earliest documented history of pirates dates back to the 13th century in the Mediterranean Sea. Even the famous Roman emperor Julius Caesar was kidnapped   by pirates at one time.      Piracy reached its peak in the early l700s, especially in the Caribbean and off the coast of Africa. In the mid-20th-century, most pirates we're common thieves. They used hooks to steal on board commercial ships, and took all that they could find. These pirates were more likely to flee than fight if met by the crew.      However, nowadays piracy has become a multi-million dollar business attracting many in poor countries such as Somalia. \"The pirates are well funded and have all the latest equipment, including satellite phones,\" said a top UN representative in Somalia.      In Asia, however, a trend started where pirates didn't just want to kidnap the stuff, they also wanted to control the ship. They would kill the crewmembers or kidnap them for ransom  . After the recent kidnapping of Ukrainian ship, people are also worrying that tanks and arms on board would fall into hands of terrorists.      Last week the UN called a meeting from all affected countries to fight piracy. \"The international community is determined to stop these pirates who are weakening efforts to bring peace to Somalia. This cannot and will not be allowed to continue,\" a representative said. \n Answer: Back in the mid-20th century pirates did not appear so harmful as today's.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about piracy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d4bb0e74f7594ef9aa4b5dcaf436ccd4",
            "input": "Article: In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as terrible as my job in an apple plant . The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible. First of all, the job made huge demands on my strength. For ten hours a night, I took boxes that rolled down a metal track and piled them onto a truck. Each box contained twelve heavy bottles of apple juice. I once figured out that I was lifting an average of twelve tons of apple juice every night. I would not have minded the difficulty of the work so much if the pay had not been so poor. I was paid the lowest wage of that time--two dollars an hour. Because of the low pay, I felt eager to get as much as possible. I usually worked twelve hours a night but did not take home much more than $ 100 a week. But even more than the low pay, what made me unhappy were the working conditions. During work I was limited to two ten-minute breaks and an unpaid half hour for lunch. Most of my time was spent outside loading trucks with those heavy boxes in near-zero-degree temperatures. The steel floors of the trucks were like ice, which made my feet feel like stone. And after the production line shut down at night and most people left, I had to spend two hours alone cleaning the floor. I stayed on the job for five months, all the while hating the difficulty of the work, the poor money, and the conditions under which I worked. By the time I left, I was determined never to go back there again. \n Answer: To pay for his schooling",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer have to take many jobs at that time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b7f396059dfc413ca48cadc5250e6f7c",
            "input": "Article: Once upon a time, there was a man who was so famous that everyone in his country knew him. One day, the famous man was sitting in a restaurant with his sister. \"It must be great to be famous. Everyone tries to please you, and you can do whatever you want to,\" said his sister. \"It's quite the opposite sometimes, in fact. Because I'm famous, I can't do what I want to,\" he denied. \"But look, we're sitting at the best table and eating the best food. We couldn't sit here and eat this if you weren't famous,\" said his sister. \"I'll show you what I mean,\" said he. The next day, the famous man picked up his sister and took her to another country. \"I'm not at all famous here,\" he said. \"Let's see how we get on.\" Soon they found a restaurant, but it was very busy, so they had to queue. \"This wouldn't have happened if you were famous,\" said his sister, but the famous man just smiled. When they finally got a table, it took the waiter years to bring what they ordered. And the food supposed to be hot was cold, and the food supposed to be cold was hot! Eventually, the famous man couldn't stand any more and asked to see the manager. \"This food is awful. We had to wait an hour for a seat, and the service is also very poor. Look, even my spoon is dirty!\" Showing his horribly yellow teeth, the manager, smiling, said, \"Well, that's just bad luck for you.\" \"Don't you know who I am?\" asked the famous man. \"I've no idea,\" replied the manager. So the famous man and his sister ran away, without paying. \n Answer: Envious.",
            "output": [
                "What's the attitude of the man's sister toward famous people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f133110464984cd7ab38724cfa680949",
            "input": "Article: A little boy selling magazines for school walked up to a house that people rarely visited. The house was very old and the owner hardly ever came out. When he did, he would not say hello to neighbors or passers-by, but simply glare at them. The boy knocked on the door and waited, sweating from fear of the old man. As he was ready to walk away, the door slowly opened. \"What do you want?\" the old man said. \"Uh, sir, I uh am selling these magazines and, uh, I was wondering if you would like to buy one.\" The old man just stared at the boy. The boy could see inside the old man's house and saw that he had dog figurines   on the fireplace. \"Do you collect dogs?\" the little boy asked. \"Yes, I have many collectibles in my house. They are my family here. They are all I have.\" The boy then felt sorry for the man, as it seemed that he was a very lonely soul. \"Well, I do have a magazine here for collectors. It is perfect for you. I also have one about dogs since you like dogs so much.\" The old man was ready to close the door and said: \"No, boy, I don't need any magazines of any kind, now goodbye.\" The little boy was sad for the old man because he was alone in the big house. Then he thought of a little dog figurine that he had got some years earlier from an aunt. The boy headed back down to the old man's house with it. He knocked on the door again and this time the old man came right to the door. \"Boy, I thought I told you no magazines.\" \"No, sir. I know that. I wanted to bring you a gift.\" The boy handed him the figurine and the old man's face lit up. The old man was surprised and said: \"Boy, you have a big heart. Why are you doing this?\" The boy smiled at the man and said: \"Because you like dogs.\" From that day on, the old man started coming out of the house and greeting people. He and the boy became friends. This simple nice act changed both of their lives forever. \n Answer: Silly.",
            "output": [
                "How did the boy feel when he first knocked on the old man's door?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fcf5701dab8043199c902c72519f455d",
            "input": "Article: A broad smile spreads across the faces of Martyn Sibley and Srin Madipalli when asked where they were when they decided to launch an online lifestyle magazine for disabled people.\"On the beach.\"they reply.\"We've both travelled a lot but we wanted a real adventure,\"Sibley says of the California road trip during which Disability Horizons was conceived . Sibley,whose professional background is in marketing,has been writing his own blog since 2009\"about what I got up to,everyday stuff about living with disability\",he says.He describes how while\"wandering on the beach together\"Madipalli suggested branching out beyond a oneperson blog. Why did they want to create a\"lifestyle\"magazine for the disabled people?The pair,both in their 20s,say they wanted to produce something\"positive and inspiring\"that would tell about  the lives of disabled people as they actually were.They were especially eager to produce something that showed young disabled people\"what it was possible to do with their lives\",says  Sibley. In less than a year,Disability Horizons has had more than 50 regular contributors and  attracted a reader base of more than 20,000 people,more than a third of whom are in the US. Sibley and Madipalli have a genetic disease that causes progressive muscle wasting and loss of movement.They are wheelchair users and have been good friends since growing up in  London and Cambridge.Listening to them joke,it makes perfect sense that their shared  optimistic outlook has spilled over into the magazine.The site covers topics ranging from books and travel to clubbing and photography.\"It's definitely a mix.\"Madipalli says. \n Answer: His everyday life with disability.",
            "output": [
                "What has Sibley been writing about in his own blog?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f02a8a2e744a4d68b30652cd130be091",
            "input": "Article: When Jean Calment entered the world in 1875, telephones and automobiles still lay in the future. Albert Einstein and Pablo Picasso were not yet born. The Eiffel Tower was 14 years from being built. As a teenager, she met Vincent Van Gogh, near her home in Arles, in the south of France. He was \"very ugly, ungracious, impolite, sick--I forgive him, they called him loco.\" She recalled. When she died last week at age 122, she was the world's oldest person. (There were others who claimed to the title, but only Calment had the official documents to prove her age) Each February 21, her birthday, she would share the secrets of long life. Some years it was \"a sense of humor\", others it was \"keeping busy\". \"God may have forgotten me,\" she once explained. The truth probably was that she had good genes. Her mother reportedly lived to be 86 and her father 94. Her life had its sadness: she outlived her husband, her only daughter and her grandson. According to a friend, she was _ \"If you can't do anything about it,\" she reportedly said, \"don't worry about it.\" In her last years she was nearly blind and deaf, but her health remained good. She ate a few bars of chocolate each week and continued smoking until a few years ago, when she could no longer light her own cigarettes. She never lost her sense of humor. On her 110thbirthday, she commented, \"I have only ever had one wrinkle, and I am sitting on it.\" Her longevity made her famous. Her spirits made her eternal \n Answer: To emphasize that Calement was born a long time ago.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author mention Albert Einstein, Pablo Picasso and the Eiffel Tower?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f5580c627c154e40ac2991329747164b",
            "input": "Article: Why does everything else seem so interesting when you have to study? Let's find out how to stay focused.Follow each piece of advice that is given below. Switch Off Your Cell phone Nothing's worse for a teenager to stay without their cell phone even for a minute.However,if you can't find yourself focused for a long time,you know that it's the continual sound in your cell phone that isn't letting you learn.Stop sending text massages to your friends saying'I can't study'or'how much have you finished'.Remember,you don't have enough time to kill,do you? Soothing Music Helps Bizarre  as it may sound,while things such as TVs,PCs,or MP3 players are not acceptable while studying,researchers claim that listening to soothing music actually helps you stay focused.Try it.It might work for you. A New Timetable Every Day One of my personal techniques,tried and tested,is creating a new timetable every day. You don't really need to draw one.Instead,just stare at the clock,and divide your hours.Suppose.2 hours of continuous study require a 30-minute break after that.Relax and then go back to study for another two hours.Just be true to yourself, and try not to get distracted in those two hours. Try Different Places to Study The idea is,looking for a place that doesn't have much to focus upon is the best way of staying organized while studying.A lonely corner in your house is perfect in this case.Hey! Why don't you go to your school library,if things get worse? It has the perfect atmosphere,silence,and a librarian,every time! Now this will work for sure,trust me. \n Answer: Teenagers are advised to make different plans for study every day.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-127b3296dfde408d9c0dce56c4001d85",
            "input": "Article: Sleep -- or a lack of it -- is probably the most-discussed part of baby care. New parents discover its importance in those first few weeks and months after their babies were born. Actually, the quality and quantity of a baby's sleep affects the well-being of everyone in the family. So how do new parents get their children to bed through the cries? And how much sleep is enough for their children? It all depends on their children' s age.       Sleeping charts that list the hours of sleep likely to be required by a baby or a two-year-old may cause concern if individual differences aren't considered. These numbers are simply averages reported by large groups of children of a particular age. There's no satisfactory number of hours required by all kids in a certain age group. Two-year-old Sarah might sleep from 8:00 pm to 8:00 am, while two-year-old Johnny is just as alert the next day after sleeping from 10:00 pm to 5:00 am.      Still, sleep is very important to a child's well-being. The link between a child's lack of sleep and his or her behavior isn't always obvious. When adults are tired, they can have low energy, but kids can become overexcited, disagreeable and have extremes in behavior. Most children's sleep requirements fall within a predictable range of hours based on their age, but each child is a unique individual with different sleep needs.      Here's a summary of a few ways that may help your child ease into a good night's sleep: Stick to bedtime.  Consider playing soft music.  Don't give your baby a bottle of milk or any sugar-containing drink to aid sleep.     There isn't one sure way to raise a good sleeper, but every parent should be encouraged to know that most children have the ability to sleep well. The key is to try, from early on, to establish healthy sleep habits that may last a lifetime. \n Answer: They should take it as a reference.",
            "output": [
                "How should new parents treat the sleeping charts?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fdb105b83fa24b38b21f4bdfd0f0c405",
            "input": "Article: Do's and Don'ts in Whale Watching The Department of  Fisheries and Oceans has developed guidelines for whale watching in Johnstone Strait,where killer whales are found on a daily basis each summer. It is strongly recommended that vessel operators follow these guidelines for all kinds of whales. * Approach whales from the side, not from the front or the back. * Approach no closer than 100 metres, then stop the boat but keep the engine on. * Keep noise levels down-no horns, whistles or racing of engines. * Start your boat only after the whales are more than 100 metres from your vessel. * Leave the area slowly, gradually moving faster when you are more than 300 metres from the whales. * Approach and leave slowly, avoiding sudden changes in speed or direction. * Avoid disturbing groups of resting whales. * Keep at low speeds and remain in the same direction if travelling side by side with whales. * When whales are travelling close to shore, avoid crowding them near the shore or coming between the whales and the shore. * Limit the time spent with any group of whales to less than 30 minutes at a time when within 100 to 200 metres of whales. * If there is more than one vessel at the same observation spot, be sure to avoid any boat position that would result in surrounding the whales. * Work together by communicating with other vessels, and make sure that all operators are aware of the whale watching guidelines. \n Answer: Government officials.",
            "output": [
                "For whom is this text written?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bef20de653f648e9b471d74e881487da",
            "input": "Article: Deep in the wilderness of northern Kenya, two boys found a pair of crying cheetah cubs  . The cubs' mother had been killed by a lion. The cheetahs were only a few weeks old. In the wild, about 9 out of 10 cheetah cubs die before they are three months old. They are food for lions. But these cubs were so lucky that they were saved by their \"heroes\", who brought them to Jane and Ian Craig. The Craigs help save endangered animals at the Lewa Wildlife Conservancy. The Craigs nursed the cheetah cubs back to health -- feeding them with bottles, sleeping with them, and comforting them. They named the cubs Sambu and Toki. But what would become of these cubs? How would they survive on their own? In the wild, cubs stay with their mothers until they are almost 2 years old. During that time, cheetah mothers teach their young how to hunt and how to protect themselves. The Craigs wouldn't be able to find a cheetah mother to teach the cubs. So they turned to a man named Simon King. King has spent more than twenty years studying cheetahs. He gave them a nod of approval when hearing about this, though taking care of two baby cubs would take a huge amount of time. For two years, he would need to have them at his side most of the time. But he felt there was no other choice. And so, when the brothers were one month old, King became their father. The brothers followed King everywhere. If they saw large dangerous and fierce mammals, King would growl at the cubs the way a mother cheetah would have, which was a signal for the cubs to stay away. They learned quickly. King taught the cheetahs to hunt using a toy rabbit as King pulled it around on a rope. With more lessons and training, the brothers began to hunt on their own. King is one proud father now. \n Answer: Their lives were in danger in the wild.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the two cheetah cubs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe94f1aa66734033baf81f0129359e56",
            "input": "Article: Since the Internet came into homes, the daily life has never been the same again. But the thing that worries most of us is that we can get viruses from the Internet. But can we catch viruses on our cell phones? A new study in the journal Science says yes, but the spread of such mobile software that can bring harm to our cell phones won't reach dangerous levels until more cell phones are on the same operating system. Computers are easily attacked by viruses because they share data, especially over the Internet. Of course, nowadays, more people are using their cell phones more and more frequently. They use them for emailing, text messaging and downloading troublesome ring tones, etc.,so it is obvious that cell phone viruses are a threat as well. Scientists used nameless call data from more than six million cell phone users to help model a possible outbreak. And they concluded that viruses that spread from phone to phone by Bluetooth are not much concerned, because users have to be in close physical relation for their phones to \"see\" one another. However, viruses that spread through multimedia messaging services can move much faster, because they can come in disguise , such as a cool tune sent by a friend. The good news is that to be effective, these viruses need their victims  to all use the same operating system, which not enough of us do. Because there is no Microsoft operating system for mobile phones, yet. Thank goodness. \n Answer: The threat of cell phone viruses.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ef6c2afb682d49d0bd238442f2df14e2",
            "input": "Article: A boy who was nervous on his first day of school climbed onto a third-floor balcony   and put legs over the side. His mother and teachers tried their best to bring him down, but failed. However, a firefighter who dressed as \"Spiderman\" succeeded in saving him. Firefighter David Smith was called in after the 6-year-old's teachers and mother had failed to get him down from the balcony. \"He was asking for his mother, \"Smith said. \"He was crying, and wouldn't let any of us get near him.\" After hearing a conversation between the boy's mother and his teachers about his love of superheroes , Smith hurried home to get his Spiderman clothes. \"I told him 'Spiderman is here to save you. No one will hurt you now,'\" Smith said. \"Then I told him to walk slowly toward me. I was really nervous that he might fall if he got too excited and started running.\" Then the crying boy broke into a smile and walked into the fireman's arms. The fictional   superhero was created by writer Stan Lee in the early 1960s. It has recently become popular again through a series of movies made about him. In them he is acted by superstar Tobey Maguire, who acted with Kirsten Dunst and James Franco. \n Answer: \"Spiderman\" Saved a Boy",
            "output": [
                "Which would be the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eefd55a2e92a487c9a927ed8d6502ccb",
            "input": "Article: Brief  Introduction (Adeline) Virginia Woolf (nee Stephen; 25 January 1882 - 28 March 1941) was an English novelist and essayist, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century.During the interwar period, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a member of the Bloomsbury Group. Her most famous works include the novels Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) and Orlando (1928), and the book-length essay A Room of One's Own (1929), with its famous dictum, \"a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction.\"Main  body My dear, 'Dearest, I feel certain I am going mad again. I feel we can't go through another of those terrible times. And I shan't recover this time. I begin to hear voices, and I can't concentrate. So I am doing what seems the best thing to do. You have given me the greatest possible happiness. You have been in every way all that anyone could be. I don't think two people could have been happier till this terrible disease came. I can't fight any longer. I know that I am spoiling your life, that without me you could work. And you will I know. You see I can't even write this properly. I can't read. What I want to say is I owe all the happiness of my life to you. You have been entirely patient with me and incredibly good. I want to say that - everybody knows it. If anybody could have saved me it would have been you. Everything has gone from me but the certainty of your goodness. I can't go on spoiling your life any longer.  I don't think two people could have been happier than we have been                        ...........................form the last letter of virginia woolf \n Answer: Letters of Apologies ;",
            "output": [
                "what is form of The main body?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9a54506419ce411e84146ad6375cfeab",
            "input": "Article: Coming from the Bronx, Jennifer Lopez knew from an early age it would be tough to achieve her dream. In an interview in 2002 she remembered, \"I had such a will in me. I had such a passion in me. I could overcome my situation. But a lot of people will get beaten down and be held back by that.\" Lopez was not beaten by her situation. She worked hard dancing, singing, and acting in theaters and her hard work paid off with small roles in television and films. Lopez's big breakthrough came in 1996 when she played the main role in the movie Selena. For this movie, Lopez got paid $1 million and became the highest paid Latin actress of all time. Since then, she has had starring roles in several successful movies, including Out of Slight(1998) with George Clooney. Then, Lopez turned her attention toward music. In 1999, she released first album, On the 6. Two songs from the album, \"If You Had My Love\" and \"Waiting for Tonight,\" both reached number one on the Billboard music charts. The album sold more than three million copies around the world. After starring in The Cell (2000), Lopez released her second album, J. Lo, in 2001. The album went straight to the top of the Billboard chart. At the same time that her album came out, Lopez's new movie, The Wedding Planner, opened in theaters. It became the number one movie at the box office. This meant that Lopez was the first entertainer to ever have a number one album and a number one movie at the same time! Like her first album, J. Lo went tripe-platinum. But her entertainment career was not the only thing Lopez focused on that year. 2001 was also the year Lopez started her own line of clothing, called J.Lo, and she married Cris Judd, a dancer who performed in her videos. The marriage did not last long, and Lopez and Judd divorced nine months later. In 2002, Lopez starred in the films Enough and Maid in Manhattan. Maid in Manhattan became Lopez's biggest movie yet, earning $19 million during its first weekend in theaters. Lopez also put her third album, This Is Me... Then, and the single \"Jenny from the Block\" hit number one for a week. To go with her line of clothing, Lopez introduced her own perfume. In an interview, Lopez was asked if she planned to do more acting, singing, designing, or something new. She answered, \"Yes, yes, yes, and yes! All of those things. I love making music, I love doing movies and all the other things. I think that everyone should do everything that they have a passion for.\" \n Answer: Lopez has done many things in her career.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f3689f84d5e14b279f1b2eb1032c8fc0",
            "input": "Article: According to a world heritage education programme jointly launched by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and China's Ministry of Education, the course will first be offered at several school in Beijing before being included as a mandatory course   for high school students nationwide. The new course covers photos, slide shows and documentaries on the magnificence of the world heritage sites. The class aims to tell children what world heritage is and why and how it should be protected. A total of 177 nations, including China, have signed the Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Listed are 754 sites all over the world, of which 29 are in China--the third most after Spain and Italy. Currently, protection of the country's cultural and natural resources leaves much to be desired. Education is undoubtedly the best way to  _ people's sense for protecting cultural and natural resources. The introduction of such a programme in Chinese classrooms will certainly help our young people realize the significance of common heritage, learning about world heritage sites, the history and traditions of different cultures, ecology, and the importance of protecting biological and cultural diversity. More importantly, it will help cultivate a sense of responsibility in the minds of young participants. This is critical in protecting these cultural and natural legacies, as well as our living environment and the limited resources for sustainable development. \n Answer: China ranks high among the countries with 29 sites listed on the list.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-846859d8d7f54ba586ba35c82a196454",
            "input": "Article: Michael Joseph Jackson was born on August 29, 1958. He was born in Gary, Indiana. He was the seventh child out of nine children in his family. Michael was often physically abused   by his father, beaten up and also verbally   abused. But Michael also owed his success to his father's being strict. Michael was always an entertainer . Even when he just joined school, he would perform in front of friends and classmates. Michael started his professional music career at the age of 11, as a member of the Jackson Five. He's well-known for increasing the popularity of MTV through his music videos. Before this, music videos were made just to promote the albums  . But Michael's videos managed to change that in videos being made as an art, and for big business. Some of the music videos that are good examples of this fact are Beat It, Billie Jean, and Thriller. Through these works of his, the world got caught onto the idea of music videos and dedicated music video channels. Michael _ his fans and audiences with his style of singing, dressing, and his complex dance moves, especially the \"Moonwalk\". The moonwalk is something that people from every part of the globe loved and try to copy People have also done mass moonwalks all around to show their love towards him. Michael Jackson supported 39 charities  . Through his work and various foundations, he raised and gave millions toward charity, much more than any other showman. He had great love for children, especially the poor ones, and he felt children were the next best thing after God. Michael planed to start a 50-concert tour in July 2009. Sadly, on 25thJune, 2009, Michael passed away at home. Michael Jackson was a great performer, showman, and entertainer, besides the good human and charitable person that he was. It's very unlikely that there will ever be another entertainer like Michael Jackson ever again. \n Answer: Personal life",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following topics is Not described about Michael Jackson in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc775995922b46e2ac583aeb9147b6bb",
            "input": "Article: Here are some world-famous cultural sites that you may be interested in: Old City of Jerusalem The Old City was given a World Heritage Status in 1981 and placed on the \"World Heritage in Danger List\" the following year. The city has had a history of three different religions fighting over their holy   sites and yet also living together in the same city. Jerusalem has always been of great symbolic importance. Visit [Link] more information. Khami Ruins National Monument The City of Khami, which developed after the capital of Great Zimbabwe had been given up in the mid-16th century, is of great archaeological   value. The discovery of objects from Europe and China shows that Khami was a major centre for business over a long period of time.  Visit [Link] more information. Ancient City of Pingyao Pingyao is a typically well-kept example of an ancient Chinese city, founded in the 14th century. It is most famous for its ancient buildings which were in connection with the ancient Chinese banks --Qianzhuang or Piaohao. It provides a complete picture of cultural, social, economic and political development during one of the most important periods of Chinese history.  Visit [Link] more information. Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape Mapungubwe is set against the northern border of South Africa that joins Zimbabwe and Botswana. Mapungubwe had developed into the largest kingdom in South Africa before it was given up in the 14th century. What survive now are the almost  _ remains   of the palace sites and also the entire settlement area, as well as two earlier capital sites. It shows a perfect picture of the development of social and political structures over 400 years.  Visit [Link] more information. \n Answer: [Link]",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following websites is about a cultural site about religions?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-139266eaf3954d289f6ed5e684b0e94a",
            "input": "Article: Jaguar  was very rare. It was said that there less than 20 jaguars in the world, one of which was living in the national zoo of Peru. In order to help this jaguar, Peruvians set up a zoo for it, where there were sheep and deer for the jaguar to eat. However, strange enough, no one had ever seen the jaguar hunt the deer and sheep. What they could see was its lying in its cave, sleeping and eating the meat provided by the zoo keepers. At first, people thought that the jaguar felt too lonely, so they found a female tiger to accompany it. However, it did not make too much sense. The jaguar just sometimes went out of its cave with its \"girlfriend\" for a while before it came back to its house again' It is normal for the jaguar to be lazy here. Tiger is the king of forest but you simply put some small animals around him. That is why the jaguar shows no interest in going out' a visitor said. So people put five wolves into the jaguar's zoo. Since then, the jaguar did not go back to its cave any more . It either stands on top of the hill yelling or runs up and down the hill without sleeping all day long . Actually, one creature without any _ is a lifeless creature. If a man lives without rivals, he is likely to be satisfied with the present and will not fight for the better. He will hold back before all difficulties . Hard environment tends to make successful people . Therefore, we need some rivals to push us to go ahead in all difficulties and competitions in our lives. Due to our rivals, we can bring out our potential to the best. Due to our rivals, we will continuously improve our abilities when competing with them! \n Answer: To protect this endangered animal.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Peruvians set up a zoo for the jaguar?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d963d58a71746a68009af8ff9813eac",
            "input": "Article: CCTV anchorman Luo Jing died of cancer on June 5 ,2009 at the age of 48. In 1983 ,graduating from Beijing Broadcasting Institute, he began his career as a prime time newscaster for CCTV .Over the past decades , as an icon of China's broadcasting industry,Luo Jing's modest image and clear voice left unforgettable memories with his audience. Last year when he was diagnosed as having lymph cancer ,he felt it too awful,for two weeks later he was to run the torch ,He asked doctors to keep the secret in order for him to complete the task of the Olympic torch. Finally, not only did he complete the task, but he participated in a series of voice - over work in the Olympic Games opening ceremony . After that ,he frankly said to the leader the next day,\"I have completed the task and I am going to hospital today.\" Broadcast sowing rate of the News Network used to be 180words a minute, but increases to 300 words a minute, which is beyond most people's ability. What's more terror is the strict limit of time .Sometimes after a piece of news is broadcast, there is a few seconds left, when staff hand a message press release. The host must strictly control the time to broadcast the unexpected news. As soon as his voice _ , the program turns into the following images without one more second or less. In such high - intensity work environment, with the perfect professional he worked for 26 years without any error. In life , we seldom mention comedy without tragedy, laughter without tears ,and joy without sorrow.Though the passing of Luo Jings brings us pain, it's only fitting to remember his smiles with happiness. He's been taken from us much too soon , but he leaves us what he's been working for. \n Answer: After attending the Olympic Games opening ceremony.",
            "output": [
                "When did Luo Jing go to hospital?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-43ae312cd74a493fb209f997d3bf05ae",
            "input": "Article: Whenever we see a button, we are eager to press it because we know something will happen. This is true in most cases, for example on a doorbell and on the \"on/off\" button on the TV. But some buttons are actually fake, like the \"close\" button on a lift. Many people are in the habit of pressing the \"close\" button because they don't have the patience to wait for the lift doors to shut. But lifts' \"close\" buttons are a complete scam  , at least in the US-the doors will not close any faster no matter how hard you press. It started in the 1990s when the Americans with Disabilities Act was passed in the US, making sure that all lifts stayed open long enough so that people with disabilities could enter. Only US firefighters and repairmen can use the buttons to speed up the door-closing process if they have a code or special keys. But to normal lift riders, the buttons aren't completely useless. According to psychologists, fake buttons can actually make you feel better by offering you a sense of control. \"Perceived   control is very important. It reduces stress and increases well-being,\" Ellen J. Langer, a psychology professor, said, \" having a lack of control is associated with depression.\" Experts have revealed that a lot of buttons that don't do anything exist in our lives _ . For example, many offices in the US have fake thermostats   because people tend to feel better when they think they can control the temperature in their workspace. But psychologists found it interesting that even when people are aware of these little \"white lies\", they still continue to push fake buttons because as long as the doors eventually close, it is considered to be worth the effort. \"That habit is here to stay,\" John Kounios, a psychology professor, said. \"Even though I have real doubts about the traffic light buttons, I always press them. After all, I've got nothing else to do while waiting. So why not press the button in the hope that this one will work?\" \n Answer: To analyze the functions of fake buttons.",
            "output": [
                "What was the author's main purpose in writing the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e5924b9d0a4b4543873fdd1a1b722bc1",
            "input": "Article: BRITAIN is a popular tourist place. But tours of the country have advantages and disadvantages . ADVANTAGES Free museums. No charge for good collections of art works. Pop music. Britain is the only country to rival(...)the US on this point. Cabs. London taxi drivers well know where they are going. Choice of food. Visitors can find food from every corner of the world . Fashion. Not only do fashion junkies love deeply and respect highly brand names such as Vivienne Westwood, Alexander McQueen; street styles are justly loved, too. DISADVANTAGES Poor service. People can dine out on the rudeness they have experienced,\" says Professor Tony Seaton, of  Luton University's International Tourism Research Center. Poor public transport. Trains and buses are promised to defeat tourists who have the most patience, so the over- crowded London tube is inexplicably  popular. Rain. Still in the number one complaint. Overpriced hotels. The only European country with a higher rate of tax on hotel rooms is Denmark. Drinking hours. Alcohol  is in short supply after 11 pm even in \"24-hour cities\". \n Answer: Overpriced hotels.",
            "output": [
                "What do tourists complain most?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-91cb0df07c0e420ea91913136e6b86a4",
            "input": "Article: One man tells of driving on a long and lonely road, the last 65 miles of it unpaved, in order to watch Indian dances in the state of Arizona.After the dances, he returned to his car only to find that it had a flat tire.He put on the spare and drove to the only service station in that town. \"Do you fix flats?\" he inquired of the attendant. \"Yes,\" came the answer. \"How much do you charge?\" he asked. With a twinkle in his eye, the man replied, \"What difference does it make?\"  This is what has been called a \"Hobson's choice\".A Hobson's choice is a situation that forces a person to accept whatever is offered or go without. According to Barbara Berliner, the phrase was inspired by sixteenth-century entrepreneur  Thomas Hobson.There was no choice by the customer -- it was strictly Hobson's choice. But often we really have a choice, and the choice does make a difference.We may not always believe it.We may feel as if we have no choice, but almost always there is a choice in the matter.And when we realize that we do most things by choice, then we are taking control of our own lives. Someone challenged me to try an experiment that completely changed my perspective(,).\"For the next seven days,\" he said, \"remove the words 'I have to' from your vocabulary and say 'I choose to'.Don't say, 'I have to work late tonight'.Instead, say, 'I choose to work late'.When you choose to do it, you take control of your life.Instead of saying 'I have to stay home', try 'I choose to stay home'.The way you spend your time is your choice.You are responsible.You have control.\"  In just seven days I was no longer saying \"I have to\" and I felt better about my decisions.I learned that there is very little in my life I actually have to do.You and I decide to do certain things because we believe that it will be for the best.When we remove \"I have to\" from our vocabularies, we take control. Try it for a week and you see what happens.I think you'll see it's a change for the better. \n Answer: It was unnecessary for the man to ask about the price.",
            "output": [
                "What did the attendant mean by saying \"What difference does it make\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4c2b11796311480192fd05a3e45fabd9",
            "input": "Article: The US will have a new president this fall. Voters will decide between the Democratic candidate  , Hillary Clinton, and Donald Trump of the Republicans. But the voting is not a must for each person in the US. So quite a lot of people choose not to vote, especially the young generation. According to Fox News, one-in-five young voters between the ages of 18 and 35 said clearly that they wouldn't vote for either of the two candidates. Just 12 percent of voters aged 35-54, and only nine percent of voters aged 55 and older said the same thing. This is not only because young people don't like Clinton or Trump, according to theFortunemagazine. The truth is that they are traditionally less likely to vote than their parents. \"Young people are not at an age in their life when they think politics or government has anything to do with them,\" said Rodd Freitag, a political science professor at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, US. \"But for the older age groups, they have a home, they pay taxes  , they care about schools and the community.\" Many believe that the civic   education of an American youth is another reason why they don't vote. Students usually just do community services like cleaning the neighborhoods. This means they haven't learned how to link real life problems to politics through voting, according to Christopher Beem, a politics professor at the Pennsylvania State University. He said the country needs to help young people learn how to take part in politics and get them to see that they can make a difference. \n Answer: 55 percent.",
            "output": [
                "What percentage of young voters wouldn't go to vote?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4bfe0534d05d4977af59d4151b06cd52",
            "input": "Article: In Mexico, girls mark their fifteenth birthday with a celebration called Quinceanera. In the morning, the birthday girl goes to the church with her family and her best friends. She wears a beautiful dress. Later in the day, there is a huge party, with a big cake that matches the girl's dress, and a night filled with music and dancing. Becoming an adult is a very important life change, and Japan has a special holiday to celebrate this. The second Sunday in January is Coming-of-Age Day. On that day, everyone who had their twentieth birthday in the last year goes to their Town Hall for a special activity. Everyone dresses up, and many women wear beautiful dresses. The mayor makes a speech and gives presents to all the new adults. Some kids are afraid to start school, but six-year-olds in Germany can't wait. For them, Schulanfang is a big holiday. To celebrate a child's first day of school, parents or friends give the child a Zuckertuete, a big color box filled with candy and little presents. People take pictures of the kids holding their Zuckertuete, and there is a school party later for the parents with cake and coffee. \n Answer: The birthday girl goes to the church.",
            "output": [
                "What happens at Quinceanera?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-97c3a77f03154f7d8b6d3b222ee3ad01",
            "input": "Article: Children spend more time messaging each other on phones and websites than talking in Person ,a survey has revealed. Text messages and social networking sites have become the common mode of youngsters aged 8 to 14. A survey of modem childhood found that many youngsters are conscious that they are spending too much time on their computers and enjoy themselves the most 'when playing outside.   But the lure of electronic products proves too strong for a quarter, while a fifth say their parents don't like them playing outside because they are worried about strangers and injuries. The \"iGeneration report\" suggested that youngsters are increasingly health-conscious and skeptical   of commercialization,  including gender-based labelling on toys and pop videos released by singers. More than half of those questioned care about eating healthily and one in 10 lectures their own parents about the food they are eating or buying. 42 percent of those questioned own a smartphone , with 36 percent admitting to spending more time communicating with friends via instant messaging, such as texts or networking websites, than talking in person  Only one child in 100 said that being happy, having a loving family and being clever were taken as the most crucial   elements in their lives. Cary Cooper, the professor of organizational psychology and health at Lancaster University , said social media were contributing to youngsters becoming more independent. They had a sense of individuality due to exposure to a range of media. The survey follows major statebacked research which found that youngsters are turning their back on drink, drugs and smoking. It found a dramatic drop in the number of secondary school students trying and regularly using drugs, alcohol and tobacco.  Some analysts said that thanks to the rise of social media, millions of teenagers are spending their time at home in their rooms rather than out on the streets. \n Answer: They can't resist the temptation of the products.",
            "output": [
                "Why can't 25 percent of the children get away from electronic products?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e306104df804d2492da0375cd103740",
            "input": "Article: There is no doubt that much of the profit of a business--sometimes the whole of its success--depends upon the use of the odds and ends.The odds and ends are various small things,which are left over when the main things are produced.But they possess a real value of their own. If a business,big or small,looked down upon these odds and ends,it would mean a big difference in the amount of the benefit of the business.Take a meat factory for instance, there are countless odds and ends--bones and hair,which can be made into glue and rope to increase its profit greatly. Then,if we are college students,what about our odds and ends--the odd moments? Take time for example.Every one of us has the exact same amount of it.Everyone's success or failure depends on the use of their time.But everyone uses the time more or less in the same way.However,why many great men in science or art have made huge successes for themselves in the world?Because they have made best use of their odd moments.Take Thomas A.Edison, he never allowed his odd moments to slip by.He thought,planned,and tried his inventions.He always worked twenty hours out of each twenty-four.His inventions made him famous all over the world,and provided valuable wealth for the human beings. So, remember this axiom:very busy people always find time for everything.However,people with great spare time find time for nothing.Is it very strange?Not at all!The question is how to gather up fragments of time and make full use of them.As many big businesses have found,that the real profit is in using the odds and ends.We also must do in this way to make best use of our odd moments and manage to be successful in something that we do. \n Answer: They are various small,but valuable things.",
            "output": [
                "What are odds and ends?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f0dc16731654c908beea6d1e90ba6c8",
            "input": "Article: London Photography Mystery Tour Here's the tour that's voted \"3rd best tour in London\" on the Best Things to Do on Trip Advisor! Hairy Goat is the best rated and most original tour company in London.  Do you like walking around a city and discovering something that makes a great photo? It can be statues, elaborate doors and lamp posts, hidden gardens, headstones or interesting architectural features. We all know where the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Cathedral and Trafalgar Square are, but London is full of quirky and interesting photo opportunities and maybe you need someone to lead you to them. You won't know where you are going until we get there, but I promise there will be something you won't have noticed before. The tour is ideal for team events, families, groups of friends and school or college classes. Bring: A fully charged camera and plenty of memory cards or film, a drink and wear comfortable walking shoes. Dress for 3 hours walking outside. Prices: All tours are to be booked and paid in advance. Please call or email for details. PS40 per adult (18yrs and over). PS35 per child (12-15yrs) and fulltime students (student ID required)  All tours to be booked and paid in advance. Please follow the links on the website or call Corinna on +44 (0) 7540 832771 Meet: Meet in front of the Royal Exchange Building at Bank Tube Station. Take exit 3 or 4 from the tube station. When: see the website for scheduled dates For more information call Corinna on 07540 832771.  Duration: 3 hours, at a comfortable walking pace  Finish: by a tube station within the city, location varies daily  If you are interested in participating in London Photography Mystery NIGHT Tour, please note, Night tours start at different times and locations each month. \n Answer: It offers chances to take great photos.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following the true about the tour?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-982560753b0f4ce585723dfa6e0e9140",
            "input": "Article: A team of scientists from University of Freiburg in Germany are developing a shoe with a sensor to automatically tie its laces that could be taken off when users click their heels together. It's been 26 years since we saw them magically tightening Marty McFly's Nike boots in the film Back to The Future. Now,self-tying shoelaces could actually become a reality this year,proving right one of the film's fantastical predictions for what 2015 would be like. Engineers have designed a shoe that can automatically lace up,adjusting itself to the shape of your foot. Simply slip the controller on and pressure sensors will tell the 'smart shoe' when your foot is in position,triggering a tiny motor in the heel that pulls the laces tight. When you want to take off the shoes,you click your heels together twice and the motor will release a spring in the shoe's tongue,which loosens the laces enough for you to slip them off. And the invention doesn't even need to be plugged in to charge or have its battery replaced because it runs on power generated by the swing of your foot as you walk. Engineer K1evis Ylli,of the Institute for Micromachining and Information Technology in southern Gemany,said the shoes could help a variety of different people.[:Zxxk.Com] \"One focus is that it could be used in shoes for elderly people who have mobility problems,\"he said.\"But it could also work for children,or as a lifestyle product.\". The design,which is still in a prototype stage,cleverly gets the energy of the foot's swing when opposing magnets in each shoe move past each other. It then uses that power to charge a battery.An hour of walking is enough to tighten the laces once,and it requires no energy to undo the shoes because that relies on the spring alone. \n Answer: A popular lifestyle product",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-97a948f10b5945d1824195a4d974de56",
            "input": "Article: The old shopkeeper led me through to the back of the shop. The room was filled with boxes and dusty photographs of people holding packages in their hands. Mr. Hopkins said, \"We have a very wide choice of items for sale. Whenever I serve a new customer, I take his picture. \"  Mr. Hopkins pointed to an ancient camera on a table. I began to appreciate the lovely items on sale. I spent a very pleasant hour being shown the _ in the shop. Finally,  I bought an antique jewelry box, a pair of riding boots and a sewing machine. I was very excited that I had found such a good little shop. \"I will tell all my friends about your love-ly place. \" I told the shopkeeper. \"Please don't do that, sir. \" said Mr. Hopkins. \"This is a special place for special people. You must keep this shop a secret. \" Then he took my photograph and handed me the picture straight away. \" That was quick ! \" I exclaimed. In the picture I looked proud and excited holding the presents I had bought there. On Christmas Day, my friends and relatives were delighted with the presents I had bought for them. For weeks, my brother begged me to take him to the wonderful little shop. I finally agreed. We walked along Oxford Street, past the department store and found---nothing. In its place was an empty space being used as a car park. I checked the area again. There was the music shop, and there was the department store. In between should have been Hopkins and Son, but it wasn't there. Just then, an old policeman came. \"Are you looking for something, sir?\" he asked. \"I am looking for a little shop called Hopkins and Son. \" \"Oh yes, there was a shop here 'once called Hopkins and Son. But it was knocked down over 30 years ago. \" I looked again at the place, then I reached into my pocket and took out the photograph that Mr. Hop-kins had taken of me holding my presents in the little shop. \" How strange ! \"  I screamed. \n Answer: Lovely and wonderful.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author think of Hopkins and Son?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b98a5fc57c34e0ca34a43c91df7a818",
            "input": "Article: Children are delight, they are our future. But sadly, hiring someone to take care of them when you're going to work is getting more expensive by the year. Earlier this month it was reported, that the cost of involving an infant or small kid at a childcare centre rose 3 percent in 2012, faster than the general cost of living. There are now large strips of the country where daycare   for an infant costs more than 10% of the average married couples' income. This is not necessarily a new trend, but it is somewhat puzzling me. The price of professional childcare has been rising since the 1980s. Yet during that time, pay for professional childcare workers has stood still. Actually caregivers   earn less today than they did in 1990. Considering that labor costs are responsible for about 80% of a daycare center's expenses, one would infer that stable wages means stable prices. So who is to blame for higher child care costs? Childcare is a carefully regulated industry. States lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other details. And the stricter the regulations are, the higher the costs will be. In Massachusetts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infants, the price of care averaged more than $ 16,000 per year. In Mississippi, where centers must hire one teacher for every five infants, the price of care averaged less than $5,000. Unfortunately I don't have all the daycare center regulations, but I wouldn't be surprised if as the rules have become more complicated, prices have risen. The tradeoff   might be worth it in certain cases; after all, the health and safety of children should probably come before cheap service. But certainly, it doesn't seem to be an accident that some of the cheapest daycare available is in the least regulated South. \n Answer: The ever-rising child care prices.",
            "output": [
                "What problem do parents of small kids have to face?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0623b4f75ade406fb2deffa838fe1887",
            "input": "Article: The federal government is about to make a huge investment in high school. As part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Congress has put aside more than $100 billion, including a competitive \"Race to the Top\" fund that encourages innovation in public schools. But the real revolution, hidden in the Race to the Top guidelines released by the Department of Education last month, is that high school has a new mission. No longer is it enough just for senior graduate students, or even prepare them for college. Schools must now show how they increase both college enrollment and the number of students who complete at least a year of college. In other words, high schools must now focus on grade 13. Some states, school districts and nonprofit educational organizations have begun to gather data about how freshmen get along in college after graduation, but they haven't made fast progress. Florida has one of the best systems, but even it can't explain a high school graduate who enrolls in college in another state. The nation is asking principals to deliver students who can succeed in college, without ensuring they know whether what they're doing is working. The Department of Education has begun to solve this problem by instructing states on how to keep good records of its graduates' progress in college. This gives high schools the two pieces of information they most need: their college enrollment rate and \"college proficiency\" rate (the speed with which graduates complete a year of college-level coursework). Race to the Top has finally established a realistic purpose for high school in the 21st century. If principals can now get the support they need to fulfill that purpose, high schools can once again be top producers of American potential . \n Answer: Because the Congress wants to keep it for election.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the Congress set up the \"Race to the Top\" fund?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8e79f6cd9c440b2ae7b57b42f9e3f70",
            "input": "Article: Undoubtedly there are a few positive characters who are able to \"rise above\" their environment, who are able to impress the people with whom they come in contact in spite of their clothes. Sometimes we read of some learned woman, who has \"made good in her profession,\" who says that she has not looked in a mirror for years; but such a woman is a rare exception, and one is not safe in gambling  with one's chances of success by following her. It is not the positive characters with whom we are concerned, however, for they are few and somehow manage to take care of themselves. The vast majority of the race are not so blessed, and we need to observe but little to realize that with them the reaction of clothes is an important factor. School girls should know that clothes may make a career; happiness and leadership in all the years of high school and college life may be affected by the story a Freshman's clothes tell. Many a girl with a keen mind, who has a natural disregard for clothes, perhaps, or who has not been trained in the appreciation of beauty in clothes, has lost her opportunities for leadership and self-expression which by right her brain power should have given her. One of the mental capacities which we all exercise and yet exercise most unconsciously is that of passing judgment on the people we meet. In a majority of cases the judgment is superficial  and inaccurate; but the estimate is made. Some people may not get their final judgment till they hear one talk and will judge one by the tone of voice and by what is said as the true index; but the vast majority will form an opinion based largely, if not entirely, on appearance. One tells the world daily of one's ideals, ambitions or good breeding through dress; and it is told so plainly that \"he who runs may read\" and, perhaps, he who reads may run. \n Answer: Women",
            "output": [
                "Who is the text intended for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d24d421b09f5455d935cf47ecadd5b57",
            "input": "Article: It was late in a spring afternoon. I was sitting at a fruit stand beside Beihai Lake looking at the shinning ripple , which awoke me to a full sense of life. A mother and her daughter were sitting opposite to me. The latter, a lovely girl of seven or eight with a pretty, small nose, was occupied with an ice cream. Her mother, holding the child's sweater, was whispering to her. A sudden breeze blew and the child sneezed. Her mother rapidly put the sweater on her and began to button it up. In her hurry the buttons were wrongly matched, which was unnoticed by her until several had been done. The mother at once unbuttoned the sweater and did it again. Such an unimportant incident, however, did not escape the child's eye. \"Ha-ha, mum, see how your mind has wandered!\" said the girl with a loud laughter, which brought a bit angry look to the mother's face. As an onlooker, I imagined a good dressing down for the little girl because of the impolite remark she made. But instead there was only an embarrassing interval of a few seconds. Then I heard the mother's gentle voice: \"Yes, it surely has, for my heart has gone out to you!\" said the mother, pointing a kind finger at the girl's little chest. The child blinked  puzzlingly, hiding her red face in the arms of her mother who hugged her gently. A smile of satisfaction spread over the mother's face. I was deeply moved by the scene of motherly love. What was the most praiseworthy thing about the mother was her way of treating the child's behavior. Nowadays many people seem to forget that the best way to educate a child is not tolerating or blaming, or even moral lecturing, but tender enlightening with love. \n Answer: She enlightened her daughter with love.",
            "output": [
                "How did the mother treat her daughter's loud laughter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d1e78a14df14455eb3b4e753f6388832",
            "input": "Article: Eating at a slow speed may help reduce hunger, the U.S. researchers said on Monday. Previous research suggests that the ability to control energy intake may be affected by the speed at which we eat, and a high eating rate may damage the relationship between the sensory signals and processes that control how much we eat. In order to learn more about the link between eating speed and energy intake, researchers examined how eating speed affects calories consumed during a meal in both normal-weight subjects as well as overweight or obese subjects. In the new study, a group of normal-weight subjects and a group of overweight or obese subjects were asked to consume two meals in a controlled environment. All subjects ate one meal slowly, took small bites, chewed thoroughly, and paused and put the spoon down between bites, and ate a second meal quickly, took large bites, chewed quickly, and did not pause and put the spoon down. At the conclusion of the study, the researchers found only normal-weight subjects had a statistically significant reduction in caloric consumption by eating slowly. \"A lack of statistical significance in the overweight and obese group may be partly due to the fact that they consumed less food during both eating conditions compared to the normal-weight subjects,\" Professor Meena Shah said, \"it is possible that the overweight and obese subjects felt more self-conscious, and thus ate less during the study.\" Despite the differences in caloric consumption between the normal-weight and overweight and obese subjects, the study found some similarities. Both groups felt less hungry later on after the slow meal than after the fast meal, which indicates that greater hunger suppression among both groups could be expected from a meal consumed more slowly. Also, both the normal-weight and overweight or obese groups consumed more water during the slow meal. \"The higher water intake during the slow eating condition may have affected food consumption,\" said Shah. According to Shah, slowing the speed of eating may help suppress hunger levels and \"may even improve the enjoyment of a meal\". The findings were published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. \n Answer: There is a link between eating speed and energy intake.",
            "output": [
                "What does the previous study have in common with the new one?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-142ef96a31014447953255a7fd6ba09c",
            "input": "Article: WASHINGTON---Think you're savvy about food safety? That you wash your hands well, scrub away germs, cook your meat properly? Guess again. Scientists put cameras in the kitchens of 100 families in Logan, Utah. What was caught on tape in this middle-class, well-educated college town suggests why food poisoning hits so many Americans. People skipped soap when hand-washing. Used the same towel to wipe up raw meat juice as to dry their hands. Made a salad without washing the lettuce. Undercooked the meat loaf. One even tasted the marinade in which bacteria-ridden raw fish had soaked. Not to mention the mom who handled raw chicken and then fixed her infant a bottle without washing her hands. Or another mom who merely rinsed  her baby's juice bottle after it fell into raw eggs---no soap against the salmonella  that can lurk  in eggs. \"Shocking,\" was Utah State University nutritionist Janet Anderson's reaction. Specialists call this typical of the average U.S. household: Everybody commits at least some safety sins  when they are hurried, distracted by fussy children or ringing phones, simply not thinking about germs. Even Anderson made changes in her kitchen after watching the tapes. The Food and Drug Administration funded Anderson's $50,000 study to detect how cooks slip up. The goal is to improve consumers' knowledge of how to protect themselves from the food poisoning that strikes 76 million Americans each year. \"One of the great barriers in getting people to change is they think they're doing such a good job already,\" said FDA consumer research chief Alan Levy. Surveys show most Americans blame restaurants for food-borne illnesses. Asked if they follow basic bacteria-fighting tips---listed on the Internet at www.fightbac.org---most insist they're careful in their kitchens. Levy says most food poisonings probably occur at home. The videotapes suggest why. People have no idea that they're messing up, Anderson said. \"You just go in the kitchen, and it's something you don't think about.\" She described preliminary  study results at a food meeting last week. Having promised the families anonymity, she didn't show the tapes. For $50 and free groceries, families agreed to be filmed. Their kitchens looked clean and presumably(perhaps) they were on their best behavior, but they didn't know it was a safety study. Hoping to see real-life hygiene, scientists called the experiment \"market research\" on how people cooked a special recipe. Scientists bought ingredients for a salad plus either Mexican meat loaf, marinaded halibut or herb-breaded chicken breasts with mustard sauce---recipes designed to catch safety slip-ups. Cameras started rolling as the cooks put away the groceries. There was mistake No. 1: Only a quarter stored raw meat and seafood on the refrigerator's bottom shelf so other foods don't get contaminated  by dripping juices. Mistake No. 2: Before starting to cook, only 45 percent washed their hands. Of those, 16 percent didn't use soap. You're supposed to wash hands often while cooking, especially after handling raw meat. But on average, each cook skipped seven times that Anderson said they should have washed. Only a third consistently used soap---many just rinsed and wiped their hands on a dish towel. That dish towel became Anderson's nightmare. Using paper towels to clean up raw meat juice is safest. But dozens wiped the countertop  with that cloth dish towel---further spreading germs the next time they dried their hands. Thirty percent didn't wash the lettuce; others placed salad ingredients on meat-contaminated counters. Scientists checked the finished meal with thermometers, and Anderson found \"alarming\" results: 35 percent who made the meat loaf undercooked it, 42 percent undercooked the chicken and 17 percent undercooked the fish. Must you use a thermometer? Anderson says just because the meat isn't pink doesn't always mean it got hot enough to kill bacteria. Anderson's study found gaps in food-safety campaigns. FDA's \"Fight Bac\" antibacterial program doesn't stress washing vegetables. Levy calls those dirty dish towels troubling; expect more advice stressing paper towels. Anderson's main message: \"If people would simply wash their hands and clean food surfaces after handling raw meat, so many of the errors would be taken care of.\" \n Answer: A newspaper.",
            "output": [
                "Where did this article most likely come from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-31ed97d6dbe14ac2ac761ada4b608064",
            "input": "Article: About a year ago,if you had asked who Dinara Safina was,the answer would have been,\"She is Marat Safin's younger sister.\" She was overshadowed by her wonder brother.But now she has made a name for herself:the world No.1 player in women's tennis. The 22yearold Russian overtook Serena Williams of the US for top ranking on April 20.\"Before,every place I go,I am Marat's sister.Nothing else,\"she told New York Times.\"I always wanted to be myself,and now finally the results come,and people can know me as Dinara Safina.\" Safina has made it to two great event finals,in the 2008 French and in the 2009 Australian Open,and won a silver medal in the Beijing Olympic Games. Clearly,family isn't the only connection Safina and her brother share.Their DNA burns with competitive fire.Safin has held the distinction for years of being a hottempered player on court.When he lost his temper,he would smash a racket  .Safina is as emotionally explosive as her brother.A headline in the newspaper The Australian once described her as \"mad as a snake\".The Sydney Morning Herald,during the Australian Open,summed up Safina's volatile   emotional state with the headline--Safina goes from basket case to top of the world. It's not rare for a family to have two top tennis players.Safina's father owns a tennis academy and her mother worked as a coach.\"I had no choice but to become a tennis player,but I don't mind being a tennis player,\" Safina said. From this talented family she is also given one of her best weapons on court,her size.She is 1.82 meters tall and weighs 70kg.But it is hard work that led her to her recent success. \"I hope to prove to everyone over the coming months that I deserve the honor of being world No.1,\"she said. \n Answer: How Safina came first in women's tennis.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e36ebe33b1e490d97faa943239b24dc",
            "input": "Article: With the start of the new term, students around the country exchange their fun and fashionable clothes for boring school uniforms. But not all campuses are fashion deserts. Colorful sports shoes, school bags, T-shirts and even drink containers are breathing life into campuses.  _ especially when we are doing morning exercises on the playground,\" and Qing Pei, a Senior 2 students from Shanghai Qibao High School. \"But boys wear different sports shoes and girls have different decorations  in their hair. These are the areas where you can express yourself,\" said Qing. Although it might be strange for boys to talk about fashion, they do care about what they wear in school, especially shoes, according to Qing. \"Nike and Adidas basketball shoes, although they are still the must-have items for many of my friends, are becoming out-of-date,\" Qing added. He explained, \"Since Liu Xiang ran so fast in Athens, running shoes are becoming popular in this autumn.\" \"Still in fashion are the various baseball caps and American-style T-shirts with some English words printed on them,\" said Qing. Besides sports shoes and T-shirts, styles and colors of schoolbags are another chance for students to express their taste in fashion. Some bags are made more eye-catching by decorating them with small dolls. Other fashionable items are colorful drink containers, which are now popular with girls this term. \"Some teachers are surprised to see a teenager sucking a bottle like this at school and criticize it as childish regression . But some girls just love it,\" said Yang Rui, a Senior 3 student. \n Answer: They drink coffee from colorful drink containers.",
            "output": [
                "How do girls express themselves on campus?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6da71ccffac74634bbb221ea4ef31699",
            "input": "Article: Welcome. You have just entered the largest online museum on the Internet. A work in progress, steadily expanding with thousands of high quality images of the greatest paintings and sculpture in history, the Art Renewal Center is building an encyclopedic collection of essays, biographies and articles by top scholars in the field. ARC is the Eye of the Storm, at the core, hub and center of a major cultural shift in the art world. With a growing body of experts, we are setting standards to become ARC Approved for artists, art schools, systems of training, museum exhibitions and historical scholarship, to bring guidance, direction, goals and reality to an art establishment that has been sailing rudderless  for nearly a hundred years. Additionally, the Art Renewal Center is a non-profit educational organization committed to refreshing standards of craftsmanship and excellence. Only by gaining a full command of the skills of the past masters can we create the masters of tomorrow. This is a step forward for our culture. Experimentation and creativity can only succeed and prosper(......) when built on a solid foundation of past accomplishments, with the tools which can make artists realize their visions. Nothing has been more restricting  and weakening than the theories of modernism, which got rid of these tools, along with the skills to employ them. We are providing a forum for artists, scholars, collectors and the public to appreciate great art, and to recognize that they're not alone in their doubts about the emptiness of modern and postmodern art. These doubts are fully justified by the overwhelming  body of evidence and historical facts. \n Answer: To accept the non-profit educational organization.",
            "output": [
                "How shall we do to produce tomorrow experts?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-410857a87f594abcb9adbe61ad0026c7",
            "input": "Article: How much paper do you use every year? Maybe you can't answer this question quickly. In 1900 the world's use of paper was about one kilogram for each person in a year. Now some countries use 50 kilograms of paper for each person in a year. But countries like America, England and Sweden certainly use more paper than other countries. Paper was first made in China about 2000 years ago. It was made from the hair-like parts of certain plants. Paper was not made in southern Europe until about the year 1100. In 1500, a German named Schaeffer found out that one could make the best paper from trees. After that the forest countries of Canada, Sweden, America, Finland became the most important ones in paper making. When we think of paper, we think of newspapers, books and writing paper. But there are many other uses. Only half of the paper is used for books and things like that. Paper is very good for keeping you warm. Houses are often insulated(,  ) with paper. You may see some men asleep on a large number of newspapers. They're insulating themselves from the cold. In Finland the temperature is sometimes -40 centigrade (C). The farmers wear paper boots in the snow. Nothing could be warmer. Each year more and more things are made of paper. We have had paper cups and plates for a long time. But now we hear that chairs, tables and even beds can be made of paper. With paper boots and shoes, you can wear paper hats, paper dresses and paper raincoats. When you have used them away and buy new ones. People have made paper boats, but they haven't made paper planes or cars. Just wait they perhaps will. \n Answer: Forty kilograms",
            "output": [
                "How much paper does each person use in a year in some countries now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d0a387f60537417c85ca390e01d0f302",
            "input": "Article: When I grew up, all the schools in the village demanded that girls cut their hair. The teachers would measure our hair and make sure it was not too long. I remember crying and begging as the scissors cut my hair. My dad told me that a girl who was in school needed to concentrate on books and that hair was a distraction  . I cut my hair all the way through primary school and middle school. Then I went to a high school that allowed long hair but no styles or braids   during class hours. Even then, still adhering to   my dad's words, I never wore my hair long. When I graduated from high school, I started growing my hair. I spent hours looking in the mirror and shaping my hair. My sister complained, wondering why I had to have two styles in a day. In college I heard the word perm  . Girls had some strong chemicals   put on their heads and made the hair look beautiful. I quickly sat in a salon   and changed my hair. I returned to the salon once every month. Even during the days when I had no money for food, I had to find money for my hair. After college, I was jobless and broke. I had to have my hair cut. At that time I saw a bald   black model. Her style shocked me and I admired her so much that I began to follow her. Therefore, there I was. I wore some large earrings and walked around like a model. And many people admired my style. At this point the journey with my hair stopped completely. I decided to have natural hair. I soon found out natural hair is the cheapest, easiest and healthiest way to wear African hair. \n Answer: She thought that must be helpful.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author think of having her hair cut in primary school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2052e18e7d2c410897a6c6c18820656e",
            "input": "Article: Below is a selection from a popular science book. If blood is red, why are veins  blue? Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish colour. Although blood looks red when it's outside the body, when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it's more of a dark reddish purple colour. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison. Which works harder, your heart or your brain? This question depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it. Do old people shrink as they age? Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn't because they're shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine  becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity . Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again?No, because old people don't really shrink!It is not that they are growing backwards--their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it's because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved. Why does spinning make you dizzy ? Because your brain gets confused between what you're seeing and what you're feeling. The brain senses that you're spinning using special gravity and motion sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning , the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you're moving while you're not! Where do feelings and emotions come from? Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain area--from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet. \n Answer: Dark reddish purple.",
            "output": [
                "What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fadca56caeef46799473f7b10f6fa1ff",
            "input": "Article: We live in a \"now\" culture. If it takes more than five seconds for a website to load, we won't view it. We want to call our friends now, even if we'll see them in 10 minutes. The \"now\" culture is one of convenience, and let's face it, convenience can make our lives easier.  Unfortunately, by gaining convenience, we've lost some of our patience. If you're like me, patience does not come naturally. Here are a few tips I've learned along the way to cultivate more patience in my life:      Ask yourself why you're in a hurry. If you feel rushed while going about your normal day, ask yourself why. Will the world end if you get home five minutes late? What if you stop to talk to the random people you meet each day? If you do stop to talk, you'll be amazed how much more connected you'll feel to your community. Hang around people who have patience. I had a lot less patience before I met my husband. Being around him daily has certainly given me a greater appreciation for the art of waiting. He's not only a great example of someone who lives his life patiently, but he tells me if I'm getting too anxious or impatient. If you don't know someone who's patient in your immediate circle of friends, take a class like yoga where meditation is part of the art.  _ . Sometimes you can lose sight of long-term goals in the rush towards instant gratification. Most people trying to lose weight have a hard time cutting out sugary or carb-loaded foods completely. It helps to cut these lofty long-term goals into smaller chunks. To encourage weight loss, you can slowly cut back on your calorie intake or increase your exercise regimen each week. Whatever route you take, setting those little goals will help you achieve the big ones faster. Think of the things you've gained by being patient. When all else fails, I think of the good things that have happened in my life because I waited. Passing up on a few \"so-so\" job offers last year paved the way for me to land a job I really wanted. When you can think of positive outcomes that have come from waiting, it puts into perspective why it's not always the best strategy to rush into things. \n Answer: It is a common phenomenon in a \"now\" culture.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think of patience?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bcd9bf057e834913b3ecd0716bc55612",
            "input": "Article: He leant down to the pickpocket The heaving and gasping had stopped, but he was still making a show of his breathlessness.  \"That's better,\" Mallon said. \"Can you stand up? Try to stand up. Here.\" he said, and gripped the pickpocket's arm and forced him upright until he saw his face for the first time. As the pickpocket labored for breath, he gazed up at Mallon with his dark eyes. \"How could you?\" they asked.  Mallon might have said, \"Because you tried to steal from me.\" But he was still conscious of the flush of joy he'd felt when his blow struck home-when he knew he'd hurt the man. Where that joy came from he couldn't say, but he knew that its roots were deeper than some clumsy failed theft.  Fat drops of rain began to patter on the awning  .  \"How are you?\" Mallon said. \"Can you walk?\" The pickpocket turned away and leant against the store window with both hands, and his head sank lower as his shoulders rose and fell. A gray-haired woman inside the store rapped on the glass and made a shooing motion. When the pickpocket ignored het she rapped harder and kept rapping.  \"I have to go,\" Mallon said. \"I'm sorry.\" He looked up at the sky. \"I'm sorry,\" he said again, and stepped into the rain and walked quickly up the street.  One of the Bangladeshi umbrella sellers was working the comer, and Mallon had just paid seven euros when he heard a woman shouting. He didn't want to look back but did. It was the woman from the shop. pushing and batting the pickpocket away from the window while he bent down and covered his head like a boxer trying to get through the 1ast seconds of a round. Mallon slipped his wallet back into his jacket pocket and took the umbrella that the Bangladeshi had opened for him.  The pickpocket was out on the sidewalk now, in the rain. The woman stood just under the awning with her arms crossed over her chest.   \"Excuse me, madam,\" Mallon said, coming up to them. \"This man isn't well. He needs to rest a moment. '' \"I know these people.\" she said. \"Our Romans don't want them here.\" The rain fell in sheets, ran down the pickpocket's shiny scalp and face, down his 1eather jacket.  \"Here.\" Mallon said, and offered him the umbrella, but he only looked at Mallon with his hurt dark eyes and then lowered his head again Mallon bumped him in the shoulder with the handle of the umbrella \"Go on-take it!\" he said. And finally, with a beaten. unwilling look, the pickpocket did. And that was when he saw a taxi round the corner with a 1ight glowing on its roof. Mallon ran out waving his arm and the cab turned sharply to the pavement, sending a lot of water over his shoes. He opened the door but couldn't help looking back. The pickpocket had lowered the umbrella to the ground upside down and was 1caning on the shaft, head low, neck bared to the sky. \"Wait,'' Mallon said to the driver. He went back and grabbed the pickpocket's sleeve and pulled him to the cab. \"Get in,\" Mallon said, and took the umbrella and pushed him into the back seat. He leaned inside. \"O. K., where do you live?\" ''No Gypsies!\" the driver said. He was twisted around, glaring at the pickpocket.  \"Gypsy? Look, he's not well. I'll pay,\" Mallon added The driver shook his head. \"No Gypsies. Get him out. \" Mallon 1ooked at the driver's nameplate: Michele Kadare. \"It's the law,\" he said, \"If you don't take us. Signor Kadare. I'll report you and you'll lose your license. Believe me-I am quite serious.  The driver fastened those pale eyes on Mallon and turned and put his hands on the steering wheel. He raised his eyes to the rearview mirror and he and Mallon exchanged stares.  \"O. K., Mr. American.\" he said. \"You pay. \" \n Answer: Between Paragraphs 8 and 9.",
            "output": [
                "Where should the sentence \"He hesitated, then turned back. \"be placed?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d92483360e214ce9836f437c00c9b555",
            "input": "Article: What kind of job do you want to do in the future ? One that earns the most money or one that gives you the highest social position? What about a job that makes you feel happy? Surprisingly, these three things do not always go together in the job world . According to a general social survey by the National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago in the US, the ten happiest jobs are not those with better pay or higher social position. They are ordinary jobs. But what is it that makes a \"happy\" job? Researchers found that people are happier when they feel they are doing something worthwhile. Six of the top ten happiest jobs are based heavily on helping others, such as firefighters, teachers, and physical therapists( ). Being able to express oneself is also important for people to feel satisfied . Take authors as an example. Their pay is \"ridiculously low or non-existent\", but \"the freedom of writing down the contents of your own mind leads to happiness ,\"wrote business author Steve Denning on his blog on Forbes.com. These jobs are greatly different to the top ten \"hated jobs\", according a website survey earlier this year. Director of information technology, sales manager, technical specialist and others that are generally considered respectable jobs are on the list. Todd May from The New York Times didn't find the results strange. He argued that \" a meaningful life must, in some sense then , make people feel worthwhile\". If a person doesn't participate in the causes \" that are generally regarded as worthy, like feeding and clothing the poor, their life will lack meaning ,\"he said . Work takes up the greater part of most people's  lives . It's no wonder that the people with the most worthwhile jobs are the happiest of all. However, it's important to remember that these two surveys are broad ones and that it doesn't matter whether your dream job is on the two lists. Now it is the time to think about the future . After all, something that satisfies your mind will always bring you happiness. \n Answer: A technical expert",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage , which of the following is probably a happy job?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3d50ac8ffd3a4582b85b770a84381257",
            "input": "Article: Living an Adventurous Life Nearly ten years ago, I was told that I had a brain tumor  , and this experience changed my attitude about adventure forever.I thought that I was going to die and that all my adventures were over.I did not have a brain tumor, it turned out, but rather multiple sclerosis  , which meant that, although they were not over, the nature of my adventures could have to change. Each morning that I wake up is a fresh event, something that I might not have had.Each gesture that I make carries the weight of uncertainty and demands significant attention: buttoning my shirt, changing a light bulb, walking down stairs.I might not be able to do it this time.If I could not delight in them, they would likely drown me in anger and in self-pity. I admire the grand adventures of others.I read about them with interest.With Peter Matthiessen I have hiked across the Himalayas to the Crystal Mountain.I have walked with Annie Dillard up, down, into, and across Tinker Creek in all seasons.David Bain has gone with me along 110 miles of Philippine coast, and Ed Abbey has rowed me down the Colorado River.I enjoy the adventures of these courageous figures, who can strike out on difficult trips - 2 miles, 250 miles, 3000 miles - ready to bear cold and tiredness, indeed not just to bear but to celebrate. But as for me, I can no longer walk very far from the armchair in which I read.Some days I don't even make it to the backyard.And yet I'm unwilling to give up the adventurous life, the difficulty of it, even the pain, the anxiety and fear, and the sudden brief lift of spirit that makes a hard journey more attractive. I refine adventure, make it smaller and smaller.And now, whether I am moving on my hands and knees across the dining room to help my cat, lying wide-eyed in the dark battling another period of sadness, gathering flowers from the garden, meeting a friend for lunch, I am always having the adventures that are mine to have. \n Answer: The a",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about the author's reaction after the illness?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e0f77786e9c418e92843e03b560ca12",
            "input": "Article: In 1988, a company in Ohio invented an alcohol-based hand cleaner, which was meant to be used by health-care worker; when soap and water were unavailable. Joe Kanfer, the company's C. E. O., told me recently, \"there were a couple of other alcohol products out there, but they were really ugly. Either they were greasy   or they burned your hands white.\" Kanfer took a year and a half to develop this product which is visually appealing and does almost no harm to one's skin. Still. Kanfer lost money on it for more than a decade because people couldn't get what it was for. The product was called Purell. Today, you see it everywhere. My doctor uses it several times during every office visit. You can hear it in almost every office in the U. S. and school picnics would be impossible without it. The former president Grorge W.Bush was called a racist for using hand cleaner after first shaking hands with Barack Obama, but Bush also gave some of it to Obama and recommended it as a cold preventative  . What was once barely even a product is now a growing product category, worth hundreds of millions per year. The rise of Purell makes some health professionals uneasy. Some claimed that promoting hand cleaner may worsen \"our culture's irrational   fear about bacteria.\" Still, the clear agreement among experts is that unclean hands pose a serious health risk, and are one of the main reasons in the spread of infections in hospitals. A 2007 study estimated that, in America in 2002, such infections resulted in more than a million and a half patient illnesses and caused or contributed to nearly a hundred thousand patient deaths - about double the number of U. S. deaths currently caused each year by AIDS and guns combined. However, I asked a food microbiologist whether clean hands might have a medical drawback. He said, \"We might have a much healthier population if we adopted the kinds of condition that we see in many Third World countries, with poor-quality food and poor-quality water and lots of bacteria. If we did that, we would have adults who were very healthy and have very strong immune systems. Unfortunately, the price that we would pay would be extremely high child death rate. \" \n Answer: Their child death rate remains high.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the people in Third World countries?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-38016d1b4ce14ea5a050c79a90bffc66",
            "input": "Article: Some disabled people use a special card when they park their cars. These are called disabled placards, which are removable signs that can be hung from the rear-view  mirror of a car. These placards are only supposed to be for disabled people. These placards are meant to help disabled people in a number of ways. They allow the person to park in special parking spaces. They can also be used when disabled people are being dropped off or picked up. Disabled people can even use them to park without having to pay. Parking officials think that some people are cheating. Not all people who have these placards are disabled. Today, one in sixteen drivers in California carries the sign. There are a lot more people who have disabled placards today than ten years ago. An official from the DMV  says that there are many reasons for the increase. As people get older, they may develop health problems and need to have one. There are also other reasons why more drivers have them today. Finally, there are a number of people who have them that should not. Last year the DMV cancelled more than 25,000 permits. They found that lots of people who had the disabled placards had died. These permits are no longer valid. Some people are worried that the system is being abused. They are worried that access to the program could be limited because of the misuse. More rules could make it harder for people with real disabilities to get these placards. \n Answer: They allow disabled people to drive anywhere.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about placards?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0f8aeb1c77c1440a94f99786a2b104a1",
            "input": "Article: Alone in the wilderness. Nothing but jungle. A world of shadow with the rays of light falling like blonde hair from the crowns of the giant trees. Jungle in the midday sun. Everything motionless. Not a sound from sky or earth. Complete silence. Only some coconuts falling, at long intervals, very far away. The world reduced to the soft touch of cool grass along my naked back, and a sweet smell of rich soil and vegetation. Stretched out with closed eyes beside my heavy burden of fruit and firewood, I enjoyed the feeling of fresh blood streaming through every part of my body and fresh jungle air filling every corner of my lungs. Resting motionless, I could see the sun through my closed eyelids, alone in the sky, as lonely as I, and as motionless and silent as everything else. The earth had surely stopped turning and somewhere on this planet there was supposed to be roaring traffic in busy streets. What a crazy, unbelievable thought! Another coconut fell, to make the world come to a complete standstill. I had to roll over onto my stomach to feel that at least I could move and make noises. Then I found company. A little brown ant was struggling to find its way with a bit of dry straw through the jungle of leaves and grass below my nose. I wondered if I could give the little fellow a lift with its burden, but it showed not the slightest sign of tiredness and struggled on with all six legs, head first or head last, waving its feelers energetically as if the trip had just started. Who ever saw a tired ant? Tiredness, disagreeable tiredness, is restricted to hunted animals, slaves and modern man. It is as great an effort for an office clerk to walk five blocks with a loaded brief-case as it is for a jungle-dweller to cross a valley with a goat on his back. It is as hard to get up and climb or run when you have been seated for years as it is to get up and walk when you have been in bed for months. The body is strange. Spare it, and you get really tired for almost nothing; use it, and almost nothing makes you really tired. I rose to my feet. I had heard a horse neighing down in the valley. Above me, on the open highland plains, there were wild horses. But down in the valley there was never a horse unless there was a man on it. Somebody was making his way up the valley and my wife was alone. \n Answer: He admired its attitude toward work.",
            "output": [
                "How does the author feel about the ant?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7de30e957748460e898046eb782bf622",
            "input": "Article: American's genius with high technology may have put men on the moon, but there is growing doubt about its ability to solve human problems closer to home. In fact, a slight but significant change from purely technological solutions is already under way as scientists insist that answers to the world's problems will not come from an attractive exhibition of electronics and machines. Instead, as they see it, solutions must develop from a better understanding of the humans that drive the system and from a fuller appreciation of the limits and potential  of the earth's resources. What this means is an increased emphasis on the life and earth sciences, on sociology, psychology, economics and even philosophy. More and more of the best minds in science, particularly young researchers, are being drawn into these developing fields. All this is not to say that technological creativity will not play a critical role in solving energy and food shortages, or that answers to environmental difficulties will not come from further advances in the same technologies that may have helped cause the problems. Where the real challenge lies, in the view of the new generation of scientists, is in finding ways to produce goods and meet the world's needs, using less of the raw materials that are becoming short. \n Answer: In scientific research, a higher priority should be given to understanding all living systems.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would the author probably agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ef1170e79f5449ebb2855f15b41ac9e",
            "input": "Article: Bit by bit, the sand dust that fills the sky is dying down. The blue sky and the burning sun once again hang over the desert. He is on the road, driving his beat-up yellow cab. The sides of the road are littered with damaged vehicles. Masses of smoke in the distance tell him that a war is being dragged on throughout his country. It's a fine day despite the choking heat. Not a breath of wind is blowing. A group of vehicles are traveling towards him, carrying many passengers. The scene reminds him of the market days in this country when crowds of trucks transport folks to the markets; the only difference is, this time, they are not trucks, but tanks, carrying foreigners, guns in hand. He stares at them. They stare back. So they pass by one another. \"The damned war!\" he whispers bitterly. Two days ago, a bomb fell on the market in front of his house, destroying nearly everything in sight. He survived by luck. He decided then and there that he would give up this cab business. This will be his final run. After this, he will leave this place together with his wife and children. \"Shala and my children, we'll soon meet each other again, after I'm done here.\" He turns his head to take a glance at a photo of his wife and children. The glass on the frame is broken, but their smiles in the picture do not fail to provide him with the only comfort that he has. Shortly he arrives at a checkpoint. Tanks sit by the side of the road, the sight of which sends a marked coldness through his backbone. A bunch of soldiers armed to the teeth stand by. A foreign soldier signals him to stop. He calms himself down and pulls over. During the past few days, nearly no civilian vehicles come out of the capital city, his car being the only one on roads. A few foreign soldiers come up to him, one, two, three, four, five. The leader bends over to have a look at the old car, then at him. \"Where do you come from and where are you going?\" With a smile on his face, he answers with a broken speech in the tongue that the soldier can understand, \"Sir, I come from the capital. I'm leaving that place because it is a very dangerous place to be, with the war and everything.\" While talking, he hands a cigarette over to the soldier, then lights it up for him. \"When will the war end?\" he asks. \"It won't take long. We'll soon give all of you in the capital the true freedom.\" The soldier breathes a deep mouthful. He seems to have spotted the photo in the car, \"The cigarette is not bad at all. Are those your wife and kids? I have two of my own, roughly the same age.\" \"Oh, yes, they are mine and they are constantly on my mind. They left the city a bit earlier, and I'm on my way to be reunited with them. Perhaps I'm never coming back. Driving a cab around during war times is too dangerous. I'm giving up the business.\" He looks at the soldier, still smiling. \"After we overthrow your dictator , you won't have that to worry about. You can come back and pick up your life again.\" The soldier is leaning on the door of the car. It is perhaps the first time in many days that he has seen a happy face among the local people. It cheers him up. \"Maybe, but I have to go to see my family. If you would pay us a visit, my wife will prepare a good meal for all of you. _ \" \"Can't make it. We're on duty. Give our regards to your wife and kids.\" The soldier is a bit excited, thinking maybe quite some locals have open arms for them after all. \"Oh, yes, I almost forgot. The south is battle-infected. Where is your family?\" Still smiling, he picks up the broken picture frame, presses a kiss on the photo, then turns around, staring into the eyes of that soldier, not quite himself from excitement, and the other foreign soldiers holding guns. Words drop out of his lips slowly but firmly: \"Paradise.\" Perhaps the last thing he sees is the confused, fearful, twisted expression on the face of that soldier, and the cigarette end dropping from his fingers. Then he pushes the button. \n Answer: A brave defender of the country.",
            "output": [
                "What is this passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d254ecbfd40439a9838bec73e74475a",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever noticed what happens to an idea once you express it ? Just talking about it or writing it down causes you to make it clear in your own mind. How can you use this to increase your brain power? Start writing. By putting thoughts into words, you are telling yourself the logic behind what you think, feel,or only partly understand. Often,explaining a thought is the process of understanding.In other words, you increase your brain power by exercising your\"explain power\". Another benefit of writing is that it helps you remember. Many,if not most,highly productive people are always taking notes.You can try keeping it all in your head,but if you keep a journal  of your ideas the next time you're working on a big project, you'11 probably have more success. Want to understand a topic? Write a book about it.That's an extreme example, but if you are learning something new,write a letter to a friend about it,and you will understand it better. Want to invent something? Write an explanation of the problem---why you want to solve it,and why it is worth solving, and you're half-way there. Writers don't always write because they clearly understand something beforehand. Often,they write about something because they want to understand it. You can do the same. Writing will help bring you to all understanding. Give it a try. \n Answer: Increase Your Brain Power Through Writing",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6c148f92df0c4a74969a758bfb5008b9",
            "input": "Article: For as long as humans have lived on the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a spoken language problem, communication can be carried out through sign language, in which gestures stand for letters, words, and ideas. Tourists and people unable to hear or speak have often had to turn to this form of expression. When gestures describe words or ideas, they can often be used internationally. When used for spelling words however, where each gesture stands for a single letter, people must share the same written language. Body language sends ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either meaningfully or not. A wink can be a way of showing that the person is only joking. A nod means agreement, while shaking the head indicates disagreement. Other forms of language can be found in Braille (a reading system of raised dots read with the fingertips used by the blind), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide and warn people. While language is the most common form of communication, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings. \n Answer: thought",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following ways can not be used as a form of communication?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5d7068f87b03419daaaabbebbbe07b87",
            "input": "Article: When you meet someone for the first time, do you put across a good impression? And what do we mean by \"good\" in the context? According to Presence, a new book by Harvard Business School professor Amy Cuddy, people assess you on two main criteria when they first meet you: 1. Can I trust this person? 2. Can I respect this person? Your level of trustworthiness, or warmth, is the most important factor in how people initially admire you, Cuddy says-yet many mistakenly believe that the second factor,characterised as competence, is more important.\"From an evolutionary aspect,\"Cuddy writes,\"it is more important to our survival to know whether a person deserves our trust.\" While displaying competence is certainly beneficial, particularly in a work setting, Cuddy warns that focusing on winning people's respect, while failing to win their trust, can backfire-a common problem for young professionals attempting to make a good impression early on in their careers. \"If someone you're trying to influence doesn't trust you, you're not going to get very far\", Cuddy says, \"A warm, trustworthy person who is also strong elicits  admiration, but only after you've established trust does your strength become a gift rather than a threat.\" In Cuddy's book she also explains some of the science that can help you spot a liar. When a person is lying there is likely to be differences between what they are saying and what they are doing, she suggests. \"Lying is hard work,\" she writes, \"We're telling one story while suppressing another, and most of us are experiencing psychological guilt about doing this, which we're also trying suppress. We just don't have the brainpower to manage it all without letting something go-without'leaking'.\" \"It's about how well or poorly our multiple channels of communications-facial expressions, posture, movement, vocal qualities, speech-co-operate,\"she adds.     \"When we're consciously looking for signs of cheat or truth, we pay too much attention to words and not enough to the external body language,\" the professor adds. \"Truth reveals itself more clearly through actions than it does through our words. \n Answer: Level of reliability.",
            "output": [
                "According to Amy Cuddy, which is most significant in putting across a good impression?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b28db392509340658d916d5e65399661",
            "input": "Article: Humans: It's time to abandon   the earth or face extinction. This prediction isn't science fiction. It's a glimpse of the future, according to famed British scientist Stephen Hawking. \"I see great dangers for the human race,\" he said in an interview with global forum   Big Think. \"There have been a number of times in the past when its survival has been a question of touch and go  .\" Hawking says humans must  _ our home planet within the next two centuries and expand into space to survive. \"I believe that the long-term future of the human race must be in space,\" he said. \"It will be difficult to avoid disaster on our planet Earth in the next hundred years, let alone the next thousand, or million.\" He also voiced some concerns about the future of life on the earth. In April, he spoke about his fear of aliens   in an interview for the Discovery Channel. \"If aliens visit us, the outcome would be much as when Columbus landed in America, which didn't turn out well for the Native Americans,\" he said. \"Such advanced aliens would perhaps become wanderers, looking to conquer   and colonize whatever planets they can reach.\" But Hawking says he is still hopeful for the future of humanity. \"I'm an optimist,\" he told Big Think. \"We have made remarkable progress in the last hundred years. But if we want to continue beyond the next hundred years, our future is in space.\" Getting to another planet will prove a challenge, not to mention colonizing it for humanity. University of Michigan astrophysicist   Katherine Freese told Big Think that \"the nearest star to Earth is Proxima Centauri which is 4.2 light years away. That means, if you were traveling at the speed of light the whole time, it would take 4.2 years to get there\" --- or about 50,000 years using current rocket science. \n Answer: The earth will be destroyed by worldwide wars before long.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which is NOT a reason why humans need to abandon the earth?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9255b3663f94408ea40b00a432a70fd6",
            "input": "Article: It is good to get in touch with your inner child from time to time,and obviously some people are willing to pay big money for the chance to do so in a proper environment.A Brooklyn-based adult preschool is charging customers between $333 and $999 for the chance to act like a kid again. At Preschool Mastermind in New York adults get to participate in show--and--tell,arts--and--crafts such as finger paint,games like musical chairs and even take naps.The month-long course also has class picture day where the adults are expected to have a field trip and a parent day. 30-year-old Michelle Joni Lapidos,the brain behind the adult preschool,studied childhood education and has always wanted to be a preschool teacher.She's always on the lookout for new ways to get people in touch with the freedom of childhood.A friend encouraged her to start the mastermind course instead. According to Candice,her blogger friend,Preschool Mastermind gives adults a chance to relearn and master the things that they failed to understand as children.\"I realized all the significances of what we learn in preschool,\"said founder Michelle Joni,\"People come here and get in touch with their inner child.It's magical.We are bringing ourselves back to another place,another time with ourselves when we are more believing in ourselves,more confident and ready to take on the world.\" \"One person's here because they want to learn not to be so serious.\"Michelle said.\"Another's here to learn to be more confident.\"She explained that most of the classes were planned.However,Joni added that while the planned activities were fun,it was often the spontaneous moments that attracted students.\"It's the things you don't plan for,the sharing between friends and learning from each other.'' \n Answer: To give adults a chance to return to childhood.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of Preschool Mastermind?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-44c56fa363d142398f19092df9c4d3e2",
            "input": "Article: London's transport services offer you a special experience of the city. Here's a round-up of the transport choices available to you. * London Underground There are 11 colour-coded Underground lines. Services run regularly from around 5:00 to 00:30 (Sunday 07:30 to 23:30). Visit tfl.gov.uk/tube for more information. Tip: Always stand on the right when using the escalators   at Tube stations. It can get hot and busy on the Tube during peak travel times, so you may prefer to travel outside these hours. * Buses A cheap and easy way to travel around London. They generally run from 5:00 to 00:30. Night buses operate on many major routes from around midnight to 05:00, and some operate a 24-hour service. It is not possible to pay for your London bus fare in cash. Instead you can pay with a Visitor Oyster card, Oyster card, Travelcard or UK-issued contactless payment card. A single bus journey is PS1.50 with an Oyster card or UK-issued contactless payment card. To help you get home, if you don't have enough credit   on your Oyster card, you will be able to make one more bus journey. After this you will need to add the credit on your card before you use it again. If your contactless payment card has been issued outside the UK, please check tfl.gov.uk/contactless before you use your card to travel on our bus services. For more information visit tfl.gov.uk/buses. Tip: Some bus routes are especially good for sightseeing --- try routes 9, 14, 15 and 22. The New Routemaster bus featured in the James Bond film Skyfall and runs on routes 9, 11, 24, 38 and 390. \n Answer: 07:30",
            "output": [
                "At what time do London Underground services begin to operate on Sundays?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d65e6b8629ca441abe10be9bbf73627d",
            "input": "Article: James Arruda Henry, a 98-year-old retired lobsterman, has written and published his first book, \"In a Fisherman's Language\", after learning to read at the incredible age of 91. Mr. Henry spent most of his life without even his closest family members knowing he was illiterate  .Forced to quit school in the third grade to take some jobs, he kept the secret close to his chest - only telling to his late wife. A family problem in his 90s sparked his encourage to restart his education.\"He signed a document he could not read,\" Mr Henry's granddaughter said. And then, after hearing about George Dawson, a son of slaves who learned to read at the age of 98 and went on to write a book of his own, entitled \"Life Is So Good\" at the age of 101, Mr. Henry took up reading. \"If he can do it.I'm going to try,\" Mr. Henry said.Starting with his name, he eventually moved on to ABC's and children's books. He put them down for four years after the tragic loss of his wife. But eventually he went back to reading and with the help of his tutor began to record his life. He wrote about his family's voyage from Portugal to the U.S. his many journeys at sea and how he was unable to save another fisherman who had fallen overboard. He became a carpenter and even a professional boxer - and eventually built his own home in Stonington Borough. His life stories have become so popular, in fact, nearly 800 copies were sold in the first two weeks of the book's release last month.One thousand more have since been printed as requests for the book flood in from as far as Germany.And now even Hollywood producers have approached Mr. Henry about optioning the rights to his life story for a big screen adaptation. \n Answer: He couldn't read when he was retired.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true of Mr. Henry?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-653e21dd06324f789c13eaf147fbed4a",
            "input": "Article: It helps to choose the colors you plan to live with in your home with awareness of how different colors affect your emotional and physical states. Every color has a unique meaning, and this can significantly affect how you feel in a room. A room that is painted red will energize, inspire activity and movement, help passion, and be powerful and stimulating. A red room can also be exhausting and overpowering, and stressful for those who are anxious. Orange rooms encourage happy, joyful, social gatherings. While an orange dining room or family room can stimulate the appetite, it is a great choice for such gathering places. Orange enhances parties, communication, positive feelings, and general good cheer. Yellow rooms inspire intellectual clarity, organization, clear -headed thinking, and happy energy. Yellow is considered a color for the logical left side of the brain. Yellow is also very bright and somewhat energizing. Blue rooms are often chosen for bedrooms and meditation rooms because its cool energy is very calming, restful, peaceful, and spiritual. Blue helps inspire a quiet meditative quality, and color therapy with blue has been found to reduce blood pressure. Blue is also useful to make one to sleep. Green rooms are very restful but combine with an energizing quality. Green is the color of outdoors, calm and active at the same time. Green brings balance and harmony to a room, and can be used as a calming place for people who are troubled or in need of refreshment. \n Answer: Refreshing and harmonious.",
            "output": [
                "What impression can green rooms give to you?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-08037ee2b976441bad6bbd22f6e79777",
            "input": "Article: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is America's fifth largest city. Once a major American colonial city, it is the home of America's first library, its first hospital, and its first zoo. Now it is also the first US city to be named a World Heritage City. On November 6, 2015, Philadelphia joined more than 260 other cities that have been recognized for their influence on the world. These cities include Paris, France, Florence, Italy, and Cairo, Egypt. \"Today marks the start of a new and exciting chapter in the history of Philadelphia,\" remarked Philadelphia Mayor Michael Nutter when the announcement was made. \"As a World Heritage City, Philadelphia is being officially recognized on the global stage for its wealth of contributions to the world. To be named a World Heritage City, a city must be home to a UNESCO World Heritage site. UNESCO World Heritage sites are selected for their universal value and significance. For Philadelphia, the site is Independence Hall. Independence Hall is where two of the most important documents in US history--the Declaration of Independenceand theUS Constitution--were adopted. TheDeclaration of Independence, approved on July 4, 1776, united the 13 former British colonies and declared them independent from British rule. TheUS Constitution, signed in 1787, established the American democratic system of government. A democracy is a system of government in which the people elect their leaders. TheConstitutionlater spelled out the basic freedoms American citizens have. Philadelphia Deputy Mayor Alan Greenberger says the city's selection as a World Heritage City also reflects its educational, cultural, and economic achievements. The city is home to dozens of colleges and universities, and many museums, such as the Philadelphia Museum of Art. \"Philadelphia has rightfully earned its place as one of the greatest cities in the world.\" Greenberger says. \n Answer: The city really deserves the honor.",
            "output": [
                "What opinion does Alan Greenberger hold?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-244c27ffba184f0ba2e59c39933b9028",
            "input": "Article: Nick Vujicic was born with no arms or legs, but the brave 32-year-old man, plays football and golf, swims, and surfs. Nick has a small foot on his left side, which helps him balance and enables him to kick. He uses his one foot to type, write with a pen and pick things up between his toes. \"I call it my chicken drumstick ,\" joked Nick, \"I'd be lost without it. When I get in the water I float because 80 per cent of my body is lungs and my drumstick acts as a propeller.\" When Nick was born his father was so shocked he left the hospital room to vomit. His _ mother couldn't bring herself to hold him until he was four months old. \"It was so hard for them, but right from the start they did their best to make me independent. My dad put me in the water at 18 months and gave me the courage to learn how to swim. \" said Nick. Throughout his childhood Nick dealt with the typical challenges. At the age of seven, Nick tried out some specially designed electronic arms and legs, in hope that he would be more like the other kids. During the short trial period of the electronic arms and legs, Nick realized that even with them, he was still unlike his peers at school, and they turned out to be much too heavy for Nick to operate, affecting his flexibility quite significantly. \"When I was 13 I read a newspaper article about a disabled man who had managed to achieve great things and help others,\" said Nick, \"I realized why God had made us like this - to give hope to others. It was so inspirational to me that I decided to use my life to encourage others and decided to be thankful for what I do have, not get angry about what I don't.\" \"I tell people to keep on getting up when they fall and to always love themselves,\" he said. \"If I can encourage just one person then my job in this life is done.\" By now, he has visited 35 different countries, touring the world as a motivational speaker. \n Answer: His small foot.",
            "output": [
                "What makes it possible for Nick to swim in the water?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7610189209234c12864d4d4de797c159",
            "input": "Article: I live in a very over populated beach area in the Los Angeles, and I love the beautiful scenery! But because of many people, lots of things are easy to be out of order, and sometimes it's also easy to _ . Today was a day I wish I did not get out of bed. I mean that if I did not have to wake up and deal with all the things that I deal with on a daily basis, it would have been wonderful. I had a cup of coffee this morning and that was my meal for breakfast, not healthy I know. Anyway, my stomach was sounding like a truck. So, I jumped in my car and decided to buy some food. I was in line at Taco Bell   and the line was like a long snake! Finally I got to place my order, but a young girl in nice clothes pulled in and was stuck in such a way that unless I moved for her, she wouldn't be able to get out. So I backed up and waved her into my place in the front of the line. To my surprise, this young girl did not say thanks. I was cool with it because I thought that I had done something nice for a change. After the girl received her food and pulled away, I pulled into the ordering spot, not mad, but hungry, and the employee said, \"Hi, that girl just paid for your food.\" That food was the most satisfying nourishment   my body had ever taken! If just by chance you are that person who bought my food, I should say \"Thank you!\" \n Answer: He had a quarrel with a girl who didn't stand in line.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the author according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a4a454d17da040c1a4e51e7b6ef133a9",
            "input": "Article: Green living has become more important than ever and as time goes by, it will only become a more important issue. While it used to be a matter of making an extra effort to save energy and reduce waste in our homes, this has extended to the professional side of things since. Public buildings, such as schools, hospitals and offices, are under an increasing amount of pressure to make the change and go green, even if it's just a step-by-step process that takes a few years to implement completely. There are plenty of reasons for offices to go green and these reasons go beyond the concept that it should be done just for the sake of the environment. While the environment is incredibly important and vital to our survival and quality of life, sustainable office design can also have positive impacts upon employees and people using the building. For example, a report carried out last September revealed that the way an office is designed can significantly impact on the health of the staff there. It was also found to have an effect on productivity and could be a contributory factor to the amount of sick leave and staff turnaround within the business. It's fascinating to think that people can be so sensitive to their environments but it also makes a lot of sense. Even the choice of colour in your office can negatively or positively affect the people working there.  Based on this study, it is clear that companies should be making more efforts to improve on the office design while making sure the environment is sustainable and green. There are various little changes that can be made to lead to something bigger, from making sure the lights are turned off at night to recycling the paper your company gets through on a weekly basis. Once these changes are in place, you can start looking at the bigger picture and begin implementing changes to design and construction, like having wood fibre insulation fitted. Along with other sustainable features, insulation can be beneficial in various ways. Not only will an insulated office space be environmentally sound by helping you to keep warm in the winter and cool in the summer, reducing the reliance on the thermostat and central heating and saving money, but it can also be an effective form of sound absorption. The study revealed that noise is a contributory factor to productivity problems, and if you work in a particularly busy area, then noise can become a real issue. The aim is to create an environment that is comfortable and calm enough for people to concentrate and work productively. Soundproof walls are an effective and environmentally friendly solution. \n Answer: Public buildings should go green.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's argument in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-22db327e58274b7e8b8a18b45216f923",
            "input": "Article: Some people have travelled to Canada while others may have just heard of it . As is known to  all, the Canadian red and white maple leaf flag is officially called The National Flag of Canada. The Canadian flag shows a stylized red maple leaf with 11 points on a white background, with red  borders down each side. The Canadian flag is twice as long as its width. The white square containing the red maple leaf is the same width as the flag. Canada is a very large country, too. It is the second  largest country in the world.By contrast, it has a very small population. There are only about 29  millinon people there. Most Canadians are of British or French origin, and French is an official  language as well English. About 45 % of the people are of British origin, that is, they or their parents  or grandparents, etc, come from Britain. Nearly 30 % are of French origin. Most of the French-Canadians live in the province of quebec. Over the years people have come to live in Canada from many countries in the world. They are mostly from European countries and also from China, as well as other Asian countries.    However , Canada was not an empty country when the Europeans began to arrive. Canadian-Indian lived along the coast, bythe rivers and lakes and in forests. Today there are only 350,000 Canadian-Indians in the whole country, with their own language. In the far north live the Inuits. There are only 27, 000 Canadian-Inuits. Their life is hard in such a harsh climate. \n Answer: About 30% of the total population.",
            "output": [
                "What is the populatin of Quebec?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f7bdcf276c0e45d69be72f54d66c0012",
            "input": "Article: IPhone owners are vainer and spend more on clothes and grooming than those who have BlackBerrys and Android phones, new research claims.BlackBerry owners earn the most and are more likely to have long-term relationships, while people with Android handsets are most creative and the best cooks. The study, carried out by TalkTalk Mobile, surveyed 2,000 owners of the three major smartphone brands to determine whether the choice of handset was an extension  of their personality. The study rated users in various walks of life using a point scoring system including personalities, daily habits and the type of industries they work in. Other results from the study found that people with an iPhone are more _ and generally consider themselves more attractive than those with other handsets. They are most likely to describe themselves as adventurous, bright and are most likely to work in media, publishing and education. They also believe their boss rates them highly. Apple owners also tend to have done more travelling and are the most active on social media sites. BlackBerry owners were found to be the least punctual , but despite putting in the least hours at work they are the most active phone user--sending more texts and making more calls in the average day than any other phone user. They are more social and have more friends overall. They also earn nearly two and a half thousand pounds a year more than other smartphone owners, with an average salary of $27,406. BlackBerry users classed themselves so loud and mainly work in the health, finance or property sectors. They were also found to drink more tea and coffee each day than any other phone user. Android owners were found to watch more TV than others and drink the most alcohol--consuming more in an average week than iPhone and BlackBerry drinkers. They have the most jobs in engineering, the government and public services and environmental services. They have the best manners and are more shy and relaxed than their counterparts. Dan Meader, Director of Mobile at TalkTalk, said,\"Many of us have our mobile phones on us almost constantly so they do become an extension of us in many ways. It's interesting to see then how the choice in handset may reflect different aspects of personality and the results do show some unusual difference \n Answer: Confident.",
            "output": [
                "What were Android users found to be like?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4dd6c7167a9448ef85a786f1229367b7",
            "input": "Article: Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia. The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5,100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn't become popular for a while, though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around. But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces weren't going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually, road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later. There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modem road design. In the mid-1700s, a Frenchman came up with a new design of road--a base layer   of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong, lasting road surface became a reality. At around the same lime, metal hubs (the central part of a wheel) came into being, followed by the pneumatic tyre  in 1846. Alloy wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads  . As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster. \n Answer: The existence of transport wheels was not known.",
            "output": [
                "What might explain why transport wheels didn't become popular for some time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a927ece42fda48d18cea1e40f8ac1945",
            "input": "Article: When we talk about intelligence,we do not mean the ability to get a good score on a certain kind of test,or even the ability to do well in school. These are at best only indicators of something larger,deeper,and far more important. By intelligence we mean a style of life,a way of behaving in various situations. The true test of intelligence is not how much we know to do,but how we behave when we don't know what to do.  The intelligent person,young or old,meeting a new situation or problem,opens himself up to it. He tries to take in with mind and senses everything he can about it. He thinks about it,instead of about himself or what it might cause to happen to him. He grapples with it  ly,imaginatively,resourcefully ,and if not confidently,at least hopefully;if he fails to master it,he looks without fear or shame at his mistakes and learns what he can from them. This is intelligence. Clearly its roots lie in a certain feeling about life,and one's self with respect to life. Just as clearly,unintelligence is not what most psychologists seem to suppose,the same thing as intelligence,only less of it. It is an entirely different set of attitudes.  Years of watching and comparing bright children with the not-bright,or less bright,have shown that they are very different kinds of people. The bright child is curious about life and reality,eager to get in touch with it,embrace it,unite himself with it. There is no wall,no barrier,between himself and life. On the other hand,the dull child is far less curious,far less interested in what goes on and what is real,more inclined to live in a world of fantasy. The bright child likes to experiment,to try things out. He lives by the maxim that there is more than one way to skin a cat. If he can't do something one way,he'll try another. The dull child is usually afraid to try at a11. It takes a great deal of urging to get him to try even once;if that try fails,he is through.  Nobody starts off stupid. Hardly an adult in a thousand,or ten thousand,could in any three years of his life learn as much. Grow as much in his understanding of the world around him,as every infant learns and grows in his first three years. But what happens,as we grow older,to this extraordinary capacity for learning and intellectual growth?What happens is that it is destroyed,and more than by any other one thing,it is destroyed by the process that we misname education--a process that goes on in most homes and schools. \n Answer: He/She isn't afraid of failing.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about an unintelligent child?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b1ebe6498c3474c93063db6e7f5677b",
            "input": "Article: Coketown was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but in fact it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of savage . It was a town of machinery and tall chimney, out of which smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever. It had a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill smelling color1, and large piles of building full of windows where there was a rattling and a trembling all day long, and where the steam-engine worked up and down like the head of an elephant in a state of madness. The town contained several large streets all very like one another, and many small streets still more like one another, inhabited by people equally like one another. A sunny midsummer day. There was such a thing sometimes even in Coketown. Seen from a distance in such weather, Coketown lay covered in a smoke of its own. You only knew the town was there, because you knew there could have been no such a place upon the view without a town. The streets were hot and dusty on the summer day, and the sun was so bright that it even shone through the smoke over Coketown, and could not be looked at steadily. Workers appeared from low underground doorways into factory yards, and sat on steps, wiping their face sand looking at coals. The whole town seemed to be frying in oil. There was a smell of hot oil everywhere. The atmosphere of those places was like the breath of hell , and their inhabitants wasting with heat, walked lazily in the desert. But no temperature made the mad elephants more mad or more sane . Their tiresome heads went up and down at the sane rate, in hot weather and in cold, wet weather and dry. The measured movement of their shadows of wood; while for the summer noise of insects, it could offer all the year round, from the dawn of Monday to the night of Saturday. \n Answer: deserted",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words is NOT properly used to describe Coketown ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb9f12522c8542e5ab56323ead069b82",
            "input": "Article: Florence,Italy Who should go:Art lovers;Renaissance historians;leather handbag shoppers with high credit limits. When to go:Spring or fall.Travellers usually avoid summer in Florence. Paris,France Who should go:Starving artists;Henry Miler fans;traditional food lovers. When to go:Spring is the best time.That's what they all say,anyway.Autumn isn't bad,either,and I'd rather be rooting around the south of France in search of truffles  in autumn.Summer in Paris isn't bad,really. Amsterdam,Holland Who should go:Lovers of Dutch Masters(artists I mean,like Rembrandt,not cigars);bicyclists--it's a bike city in a flat land. When to go:It can rain at any time in Amsterdam,but that's not a reason for not visiting this fascinating city.Off season tourists will be rewarded with good enough weather to stick around.Summer is good for sun lovers. Madrid,Spain Who should go: _ --Madrid never sleeps;art lovers--the Prado is second only to the Louvre in presenting serious art;partygoers. When to go:Spring,when days are warm and the nights are pleasantly cool.Demand for outside eating and drinking starts becoming stronger in March or April.Street life peaks  in June,then slows in July and August as the temperature peaks.Autumn is also good,although you'll risk some rain. Venice,Italy Who should go:Romantic dreamers who like walking through automobile-free streets;your mother(she'll want you to take her there,trust me);almost anyone who wants to see something really different and romantic. When to go:February is the time when the famous Venice Carnival is held and the weather is usually cold and foggy--perfect weather for Venice.Summer?A large number of tourists in shorts and whiny children ruin the atmosphere.You'll greatly enjoy yourself there in spring and early fall. \n Answer: They are all famous for cigars.",
            "output": [
                "What do the cities Florence,Paris,Amsterdam and Madrid have in common?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-36df654471694f4db6d40282bb4ccae2",
            "input": "Article: In Stockholm, the Swedish Academy has chosen the British author Doris Lessing for the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature. The selection of Doris Lessing for a Nobel was popular among the hundreds of journalists gathered for the announcement in Stockholm. Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy Horace Engdahl said with skepticism, fire and visionary power Lessing has subjected a divided civilization to scrutiny. Doris Lessing was born in 1919 in Persia - modern-day Iran - to British parents, moving as a child with her family to southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, where she stayed in school only to the age of 14. A year after moving to London, she published her first novel in 1950.The Grass is Singingexamines unbridgeable racial conflict in colonial Africa through the eyes of a white farmer's wife and her black servant. A member of the British Communist Party during the 1950s and a campaigner against nuclear arms and South African apartheid, Lessing was for years banned from that country and from Rhodesia. Her literary breakthrough came in 1962 with publication ofThe Golden Notebook, seen by many, though not necessarily Lessing, as a pioneering work of modern feminism. A disjointed study of the mind of the main character, Anna Wulf, the novel explores her thoughts about Africa, politics and communism, relationships with men and sex, and Jungian analysis and dream interpretation. Lessing's themes shifted to psychology in her works from the 1960s, and by the 1970s she was fascinated with the Islamic mystic tradition of Sufism. Her turn toward science fiction withthe Canopusseries in the early 1980s was not warmly received by traditionalist critics, but she has continued to win new readers and numerous literary awards, including the David Cohen British Literary Prize and the Companion of Honour from the Royal Society of Literature, both in 2001. Following the announcement, the Horace Engdahl told VOA why he was personally so pleased with Lessing's selection. \"She is one of the truly great writers - of novels, short stories, fiction and non-fiction,\" Engdahl said. \"She is one of the few writers who have had the courage to uphold the principle of equality between the male and female experience, and she has given the impulse to numbers of other women writers. And she is really the mother of a _ that is one of the most important in our contemporary literature.\" At 87, Doris lessing is the oldest Nobel Literature laureate since the first prizes were awarded in 1901. Each Nobel Prize is this year accompanied by a check for approximately $1.4 million. \n Answer: 50",
            "output": [
                "How old was Doris Lessing when she published her first novel?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-325d8271ddaf4e9796650418f404cd1c",
            "input": "Article: Weighed down by study? Pushed to the limit by the fast pace of life ? Frightened by the possible war ? Well, you're not alone. Men and women in France are seeking relief using the world's best medicine-----laughter. In the past year, more than 15 laughter clubs have been set up across the country. People of all ages go to release their stress with an hour group laughs. \"People telephoned me and said they have forgotten what it is to laugh. They want to find a place where they can escape all their problems for a while. So they come,\" said 40--year--old Jocelyne Le Moan. She usually takes a class of around 60 people through a series of laughter techniques. Her pupils range from teenagers to 70 years old, but most are middle---aged white collars seeking 60 minutes of relaxation at the end of a busy day. Le Moan takes them through the \"Lion Laugh\"and the \"Laugh Contest\", where participants \"speak\"to each other in different ways. And instead of talking, they break into fits of laughter. At the end there are 15 minutes of \"meditation\", when they lie on their backs and let the laughs burst out of their mouths. \"I love it. It's an experience that has changed my life. Through it I rediscovered the child's laugh inside me,\"Said Romain Jouffroy, 24. \"US President George W. Bush should give it a try. He has lost his laugh,\"she joked . Like Jouffroy, many laughter club members find themselves changed into children again, and why not ? The average preschooler laughs up to 400 times a day. The average adult only a day seven to 15. The physical benefits of laughter are already well--recognized. Doctors say the act of laughing releases good chemicals into the blood--stream, while the quick breathing that accompanies it helps massage the digestive organs and strengthens the heart. \"A full hour is like having your inside go jogging!One finishes out of breath, but feels revitalized(. And on top of that , you've had a laugh,\"said doctor Alexisd' Estaing.And many participants in Paris also emphasize the psychological benefits. They believe that laughter is a way of making oneself feel more confident. \n Answer: It can cure the illness of people.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not included among the benefits of laughing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eaa2f5b4a8f147ff898ec7e4a825e892",
            "input": "Article: In white shirt, blue pants, black cloth shoes and two pigtails, Jingqiu gives off an air of great \"pure beauty\" in Zhang Yimou's new movieUnder the Hawthorn Tree, which tells the story of the sad romance of Jingqiu and a handsome young man named Laosan set at the end of the \"cultural revolution\" (1966-- 1976). Before it was released, moviegoers foresaw what this \"pure beauty\" could be. Director Zhang complained of how long it had taken him to find the right girl for the part of Jingqiu -- a character so innocent. She believes that simply lying on the same bed as a man will make her pregnant. It was 18-year-old Zhou Dongyu who stood out from the crowd. According to Zhang, Zhou has \"eyes that are clear like a fountain on a mountainside\". Born to an ordinary worker's family, the Shijiazhuang girl was in her final year of high school and working hard for a place in an art college. \"If you have fair skin and clear eyes, as Jingqiu does, it is easy to look pure. Girls today wear so many jewels and make-up--that's the reason Zhang was not interested,\" said Du Yanlai, 17, of Chengdu. While some teenagers consider such \"pure\" beauty _ , others believe that it speaks of something soulful. Purity is all about an innocence that shines through from within, thinks 16-year-old Tan Mengxi of Nanjing. \"Being pure can be simple, not having complicated thoughts and being inexperienced. However, it doesn't mean an ignorant or native person. So, a person is pure in his or her nature if he or she is always enthusiastic and able to deal with difficult matters independently. This purity doesn't pass with time, \"she said. \n Answer: Being simple, enthusiastic and able to manage things alone.",
            "output": [
                "What's the real purity according to Tan Mengxi?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3cae5a59511e4f76a7df03c38e8b1e99",
            "input": "Article: Life on earth depends on water, and there is no substitute for it. The current assumption is that our basic needs for water--whether for drinking, agriculture, industry or the raising of fish--will always have to be met. Given this premise  , there are two basic routes we can go; more equal access to water or better engineering solutions. Look at the engineering solutions first. A lot of my research concentrates on what happens to wetlands when you build dams in river basins, particularly in Africa. The ecology of such areas is almost entirely driven by the seasonal changes of the river--the pulse of the water. And the fact is that if you build a dam, you generally spoil the downstream ecology. In the past, such problems have been hidden by a lack of information. But in the near future, governments will have no excuses for their ignorance. The engineers' ability to control water flows has created new kinds of unpredictability, too. Dams in Africa have meant fewer fish, less grazing and less floodplain   agriculture, none of which were expected. And there average economic life is assumed to be thirty years. Dams don't exist forever, but what will replace them is not clear. The challenge for the future is to find new means of controlling water. Although GM technology  will allow us to breed better dry-land crops, there is no market for companies to develop crops suitable for the micro-climates of the Sahel and elsewhere in Africa. Who is going to pay for research on locally appropriate crops in the Third World? \n Answer: The engineering solutions to water resource and their limitation.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0f028d361b5e4372b95a33ca22d93755",
            "input": "Article: Editor: Today our topic is part-time job. Are they good for school children or not? Headmaster: Certainly not. Children have got two full-time jobs already: growing up and going to school. Part-time jobs make them so tired that they fall asleep in class. Mrs. White: I agree. I know school hours are short, but there's homework as well, and children need a lot of sleep. Mr. White: Young children, perhaps some boys, stay at school until they're eighteen or nineteen. A part-time job can't harm them. In fact, it's good for them. They earn their pocket money instead of asking their parents for it. And they see something of the world outside school. Businessman: You're quite right. Boys learn a lot from a part-time job. And we mustn't forget that some families need the extra money. If the pupils didn't take part-time jobs, they couldn't stay at school. Editor: Well, we have got two for, and two against. What do our readers think? \n Answer: Headmaster and Mrs. White.",
            "output": [
                "Who have the same opinion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c49f8abe670c4edcabb07fdea05e5700",
            "input": "Article: Does being rich make you happy? Many studies on happiness give negative answers. Here are some points in being happy. Basic Human Needs Must Be Met People whose basic needs for shelter, clothing and food are not met will find it very difficult to feel happy. Of course, there are exceptions, but for most of us, we can only be happy once our basic needs are met. The Joneses Cannot Be Escaped People's happiness is not determined by how much they have, but by how much people around them have. So, we tend to feel happy once our basic needs are met and we have more than the people surrounding us. This means that while keeping up with _ could be destructive if we let it go too far. It is also part of humana nature to want to feel at least on the same level, financially, as those surrounding us. You Should Escape The Rat Race We should know the importance of staying out of the rat race. So yes, you need to work hard, get the education you need to land a good job and work long enough and hard enough to get to a place where you can easily meet your basic needs. What are basic needs? For most middle or upper middle class Americans, basic needs are not very basic anymore. For most of us, once our basic needs have been met, happiness is achieved when we engage in activities we like, spend time with friends and family and stay active. Making money for the sake of making money does not make people happy. Ideally, these questions should be answered when you're still young and just starting out. Don't wait until your midlife crisis to realize that half your life has passed you by and you're still unhappy. \n Answer: Key points on being happy.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c4e2d7be54374119b271e1d15cf7be6b",
            "input": "Article: Father's day Sunset Live Music Dinner Cruise Sunday, June 16th, 2013 6:30pm-8:30pm Join us abroad the 95' Dana Pride for our special Father's Day Dinner Cruise. Enjoy a unique evening of fun on the water, complete with live music by Mike O' Brien and a delicious barbecue dinner. Adult--$ 59 Kids (3-12)--$29 Two and under are Free LOCATION: Dana Point Harbor BOOK ONLINE OR CALL: 949-496-5794 Rancho Days Fiesta July 13, 2013 Celebration the history of Saddleback Valley, there will be children's activities including free crafts projects. Help make and taste homemade ice cream and butter, warm bread from the oven. Dip water and grind   corn while learning about the early days of Orange County. Admission is $ 3 for children 3 to 12 years old and $4 for adults. LOCATION: Heritage Hill Historical Park INFORMATION: 949-923-2230 Annual Silverado Counter Fair and Art Festival October 5-6, 2013 The 42thAnnual Silverado Country Fair explores the wonders of the area's Old West rustic  culture, great live music tasty food, handmade arts, crafts and family games under the oak-trees below Orange Country's famous Saddleback Mountain. Daytime adult admission: $4/ Kids under 12: only $2 Saturday Night Music Fest  : $ 5 for everyone LOCATION: Silverado Community Center INFORMATION: 714-997-3968 Starr Ranch Sanctuary October 20-21, 2013 Audubon California's Starr Ranch Sanctuary invites you to our fall classes for adults. Join our wildlife biologist for two peaceful days at beautiful 4,000 acre Starr Ranch in southeast Orange County and experience nature hands-on as a wildlife researcher. Cost: $ 95 for those not camping (including dinner) $100 for those camping (dinner and breakfast provided) LOCATION: Starr Ranch Sanctuary RESERVATIONS OR INFORMATION: 949-858-0309 \n Answer: Father's day Sunset Live Music Dinner Cruise.",
            "output": [
                "Which event is the most suitable for one who wants to enjoy dinner in a boat with live music?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fb2207e3e11942a3ba959ff3ce4cd6ef",
            "input": "Article: When you enter a crowded room or go on a picnic or to a party, who is the most attractive and appealing person? It is the person who is cheerful, has a smiling face and behaves as if he or she is enjoying every moment of the event! Such people have an optimistic opinion on life. They are the ones with a positive attitude. On the other hand, let's see that fellow in the corner with a long face. He is most probably thinking about the time and money wasted in having fun. He is a pessimist, one with a negative attitude. A person with a positive attitude gets on well with the job at hand. He doesn't worry about what's gone before or what might happen in the future. If there is a problem, he quickly thinks of ways to solve it. If the problem cannot be solved singly, he seeks help from someone else. He doesn't feel that it's beneath his dignity to seek assistance. When Sonal lost her history notes days before an important examination, she sat down and cried. Then she pulled herself together, borrowed a friend's notes, worked day and night and managed to copy down whatever she had lost. Sonal passed the exam with flying color1s. It's just not possible, even for the greatest optimist, to smile all the time and feel good all day. Everyone has a period of blues now and then, when everything seems sad and without cheer. But once you develop a positive attitude, once you realize that life is a series of ups and downs, dark clouds and bright sunshine, in no time at all, you've  _ , ready to welcome the world again with open arms and a huge smile! So from this moment on, keep your face to the sunshine and you'll never see the shadows. \n Answer: Develop the positive attitude",
            "output": [
                "What might be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2393173d368f4918bc9f61c53f714f3d",
            "input": "Article: Mini Riser -- Attractive, Compact, Adjustable Laptop Stand PRICE:$10.95 KEY FEATURES: *A compact, stylish laptop riser designed for laptops. *Open design lets air flow under the laptop and positions the keyboard at a comfortable angle. *Adjustable width will support iPads, netbooks, up to 17\" laptops. *Strong. *Stable. Every time we slipped out to our local coffee shop to remove a creative jam, the coffee was hot and so were the laptops. Other risers were too big to carry along, so we created our own. We call it the Mini Riser. A super-compact and stylish riser designed for people using laptops. The Mini Riser allows air to pass under your laptop (1.8 inches of lift), and supports the keyboard at a more comfortable angle. The small, open profile makes it easy to put into your laptop case or just carry along. You can adjust the heavy, bendable wire to fit your laptop by stretching or compressing the legs as needed. Everything stays in one place, and it is strong enough to support up to 35 pounds (15.9 kilograms). INCLUDES: 2 blue Mini Risers and a printed guide showing you how to use and adjust them. That's enough for you and a friend, for home and work, or an extra just in case. Learn more about using and adjusting the Mini Riser with these videos: USING A MINI RISER (Click here) HOW TO ADJUST A MINI RISER (Click here) \n Answer: People who use laptops.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the passage especially helpful for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a5fe7d82244145b1a92655ddf27abcbf",
            "input": "Article: A couple had a son eleven years after they married. They were a loving couple and the boy was _ . When the boy was around four years old, one day the father was very tired after work so he asked his wife to pick up their son. The mother, who was very busy in the kitchen, totally forgot about it. Later the boy lost his way on the street. When the son was found missing, the mother hurried to look for him, but she didn't find him. The mother felt very sad and didn't know how to face her husband. When the father went to the police station after hearing that the son was missing, he looked at his wife and said just four words. What do you think the four words were? The husband just said \"I love you, darling.\" www.zxxk.com The son was missing. If she had picked him up earlier, this would not have happened. There is no point in blaming   anyone. His wife had also lost her only child. What his wife needed at that moment was comfort and understanding from her husband. That is what the husband gave his wife. Several weeks later, with the help of the police, the couple finally found their lost son. The family's relationship became stronger over that time. Sometimes we spend lots of time asking who is to blame. We miss many chances to give each other support and let each other feel the warmth of human relationships. Get rid of all your unwillingness to forgive, selfishness, and fears and you will find the world is much more wonderful. \n Answer: He was too tired to do it.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the father pick the boy up himself?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51155ea049a748b8bb7ac6a1e8ee856a",
            "input": "Article: F. Scott Fitzgerald, born on September 24, 1896, an American novelist, was once a student of St. Paul Academy, the Newman School and attended Princeton University for a short while. In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama, where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre. Then he had to make some money to impress her.  His life with her was full of great happiness, as he wrote in his diary: \"My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could not share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in my diary.\" This Side of Paradise, his first novel, was published in 1920. Encouraged by its success, Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing. Then he continued with the novel The Beautiful and Damned (1922), a collection of short storiesTales of the Jazz Age(1922), and a play The Vegetable (1923). But his greatest success wasThe Great Gatsby, published in 1925, which quickly brought him praise from the literary world. Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security. Then, in 1926, he published another collection of short storiesAll the Sad Young Men. However, Fitzgerald's problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing. During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life, but failed. By 1930, his wife had her first mental breakdown and went to a Swiss clinic. During this period he completed novel Tender Is the Nightin 1934.While his wife was in hospital in the United States, he got totally addicted to alcohol. Fitzgerald died in 1940, before he could complete the novel The Love of the Last Tycoon. \n Answer: 5.",
            "output": [
                "How many novels written by Fitzgerald are mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5fb7656ce0624b2fbca2555bd71d0da3",
            "input": "Article: You've heard the saying: if you don't know where you're going, how will you know when you get there. Thousands of successful people attribute (......) most of their success to goal setting. Knowing this, why don't the majority of people set goals? Goal setting starts within you. You have to believe it's possible to do a thing before you have a strong desire to write it down on paper and take steps to make it happen. How do you possibly bring yourself to believe in your own success? After all, so many of you have been at this success thing for a while and it still hasn't happened to you. Companies that you believed in and worked hard for have failed, your family and friends are waiting for you to \"be realistic\", and life just keeps giving you one blow after another. But there is a small fire burning inside you. You keep at it because all you know is you can't continue to get up every morning, go to work for someone else and allow them to determine how much you're worth each week which is far below your true value. So where do you go from here? Where do you start today? The road to inner belief in your success begins with you telling yourself every day, throughout the day, that you can do what you set out to do, you can have what you set out to get, and you can be that successful person you know that lives inside you. Yes, obstacles will come, doubters will be around, but don't you be one of them. Treat yourself like the person you love and care about most. If you had children who had a paper route and they wanted to accomplish a goal but they kept running into obstacles, what would happen? They would soon become discouraged with so many people telling them no. I'm not interested in what you have to offer. What would you say to your child? I'm sure it won't be the same thing you've been saying to yourself. Turn your words around. Speak those same words of encouragement you would speak to your discouraged child, to yourself. If you would never put a loved one down, especially when they are feeling discouraged, why would you do that to yourself? You have the power within to stop it right now and turn it around. Be committed   from this point forward to speaking words of encouragement to yourself. The mind is an amazing thing. You can convince yourself of anything over time. If you repeatedly tell yourself every day, throughout the day, how successful you are, how capable you are, you will not only start to believe it, you will start to live it. \n Answer: You should change the subject of the conversation.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mean by saying \"Turn your words around\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-783f9c777e78492a94e815e70367c653",
            "input": "Article: \"Global warming could make humans shorter,\" warn scientists who claim to have found evidence that it caused the world's first horses to shrink  nearly 50 million years ago. In fact, a team from the universities of Florida and Nebraska says it has found a link between the Earth heating up and the size of mammals - horses, in this case. The scientists used fossils to follow the evolution of horses from their earliest appearance 56 million years ago. As temperature went up,their size went down, and vice versa ;\" At one point they were as small as a house cat,\" said Dr Jonathan Bloch, curator  of the Florida Museum of Natural History, which was quoted by the \"Daily Mail\" as saying. The scientists say that the current warming could have the same effect on mammals and could even make humans smaller.\"Horses started out small, about the size of a small dog . What's surprising is that after they first appeared, they then became even smaller and then dramatically increased in size, and that exactly _ the global warming event, followed by cooling\" \"It had been known that mammals were small during that time and that it was warm, but we hadn't realized that temperature specifically was driving the evolution of body size,\" Dr Bloch said in the \"Science\" journal. \n Answer: analyzing the related images",
            "output": [
                "How did scientists find out the horses' earliest appearance millions of years ago?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4badb6dfc5954abd81578ecf4094986a",
            "input": "Article: Every day, Daisy wakes up next to a man, who has to convince her they are married. When she expresses doubt, he takes out a photo album and shows her pictures of their wedding 13 years ago. Only then does _ Daisy accept that she has been married, and that everything he has told her is true. The lady's condition was caused by brain injuries suffered in two road accidents, a motorbike crash in 1985 and a car accident in 1990. Daisy can recall everything up to 1994, but since then everything that happens on one day is forgotten the next day. She has no day-today memory after the car crash. And it is not just loved ones Daisy struggles with. She uses hundreds of notes and reminders on her mobile phone's calendar to keep her informed of appointments and everyday duties. Anything she has done or anyone she has met must be logged for future reference. And on the rare occasions when she takes the risk of going out of her home alone, she has to be armed with navigation   programmed with her address. There are some benefits, however. There is no such thing as a repeat on TV and every joke is funny, because it seemed she has heard it the first time.\"It's like I am living the same day, day after day, said Daisy, who does voluntary work at a charity for people with disabilities three days a week. Dr Peter Nestor said Daisy was suffering from anterograde(  , ) amnesia. He added, \"It is reasonably rare, but it does exist. You are able to carry out daytoday things, and don't forget how to do certain things like speaking. But if someone was to ask you what you did yesterday, you wouldn't have a clue.\" \n Answer: Brain injuries in accidents.",
            "output": [
                "What caused Daisy's condition?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6cb689ff7b28470ea4b3b6083955cb78",
            "input": "Article: In 2030, 42 percent of American adults will be obese, and about one-quarter of that group will be severely obese, a condition that shortens life and wastes large medical expenses, a new study predicts. Obesity related _ -- diabetes, heart disease, kidney failure -- consume at least 9 percent of health-care spending the United States. Some researchers believe the cost may be twice that estimate. Total health spending is about $2.6 trillion a year. In 2030, 42 percent of people are projected to be obese, and 11 percent severely obese. Obesity is a body mass index , which suggests 85 kg for someone 1.67 meters tall. Severe obesity is 112 kg for someone that height. Obesity is rising in higher-income men. Severe obesity is increasing in both sexes. It was 6.2 percent in women in 1999 and 8.1 percent in 2010. For men, it was 3.1 percent in 1999 and 4.4 percent in 2010. It is believed that the obesity rate is closely related to the following factors: the price of gasoline, which discourages walking when it is low; access to the Internet (and other technologies), which encourages long periods of sitting still; and restaurants per 10,000 people, which increases eating out and weight gain when the number goes up. Urgent measures must be taken to inspire people to exercise more and educate people about better eating habits before too many people will be suffering from being . obese. \n Answer: People are used to eating out in restaurants.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following facts contributes to the obesity rate?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a591c518857e43718edf7e965e7d4a7f",
            "input": "Article: The holidays are coming up, and if you are looking for some great things to do with your kids to celebrate the season, look no further. The more you let them in on the holiday planning fun, the more exciting it will be for them, and the more pride they can take in a successful holiday. There is a tendency to exclude kids from the holiday preparations for many reasons: we want everything to be perfect or maybe we don't trust that they'll do it right. However, involving kids in holiday preparations can be good for them, as well as fun for you. Kid-created decorations are often the best part of any holiday table. People always love the handmade decorations the best, because they are truly made with love, and they're usually the most fun. Find small things your kids can do, like creating centerpieces or paper rings, and direct their creations. Be sure to put these things out where people can see them when they come over, because there's nothing worse than creating something you're proud of and having it hidden. Let them show your guests what they've made and talk about it. They'll be happy to do so! What is a better way to get into the spirit of the season than to go shopping? Kids love to pick out gifts for others. Let them choose whatever they think the person they're buying for would like. This will help them to be proud of their gifts, as well as try to budget according to the amount of money you have given them. You can also let them pack their own gifts. Give them options of gift bags or packing paper and watch them go to town. It may not be perfect, but it will be precious, for sure. Kids love to cook. They love to get their hands dirty and create fun meals with the help of their parents. They also feel a sense of pride in the food items they create, and they love it when people eat what they make and talk about how delicious it is. Allowing your kids into the kitchen can help them learn cooking and baking, and can also give them ownership of the holiday meal. Of course, you'll have to help them along the way, but taking that time can really make a kid's day. Holiday crafts are the best. Creating centerpieces and ornaments  is fun, but you can also look to nature for inspiration. Leaf collages   or prints are a fun way to capture the fall. Jack-o'-lanterns are an excellent way to celebrate Halloween, and there is endless inspiration to take from the first snowflakes that fall in winter. Your imagination is the key! \n Answer: Take pride in them and show them to others.",
            "output": [
                "What should parents do as for the handmade decorations?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-359483d2dcdc4749927b34e1a4dd0dd4",
            "input": "Article: School districts are turning to high-tech solutions-from fingerprint scans to electronic cards - to track kids on school buses and keep them from getting off at the wrong stops. A fingerprint scanning system, approved this month for testing at the Desert Sands district, northeast of San Diego. Students will be scanned as they get on and off the bus. \"Kids get lost. It happens in every school district, every year,\" says John DeVries, president of Global Biometrics Security, which developed the Biometric Observation Security System (BOSS) that's being tested. It happened Oct. 13 when a Prince George's County (Md.) school employee took a 5-year-old student to the wrong bus and the student got off several blocks from home.  With BOSS, students' fingerprints are scanned and sent to a database. When they get off, they provide a \"check out\" print. An alarm sounds if the child tries to get off at the wrong place. The fingerprints are not stored, DeVries says. They are converted into a series of numbers that cannot be used to re-create the print, he says. Margaret Gomez of Palm Springs, Calif., whose daughter, then 6, was let off a bus about a mile from her home three years ago, supports the idea. \"Anything is better than what they have in place now.\"  Other tracking systems include the ZPass from Seattle-based Zonar Systems, which uses a programmed card carried by students or tied to a backpack. It is in about 30 districts, including North Kansas City Schools and Illinois School District 128 in Palos Heights, company executive Chris Oliver says. Paul Stephens, of the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse in San Diego, says tracking students is reasonable, but the data could fall into unauthorized hands. \"What if a child predator was able to get access to this?\" he says. \n Answer: To prevent kids from getting lost.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of schools turning to high-tech solutions?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b294968768cc4cd4aae39cdbeefe2efd",
            "input": "Article: What do the common cold, the flu, and AIDS have in common? They are all diseases caused by viruses, tiny microorganisms  that can pass from person to person. It is no wonder that when most people think about viruses, finding ways to  _ them is what is on people's minds.    Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers, though. In Cambridge, Massachusetts, scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work, teaching them of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.   Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair, but they are not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher, who first came up with idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, she and her team bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries, the scientists combine what they know about biology, technology and production techniques.   Belcher's team includes Paula Hammond, who helps put together the tiny batteries, and Yet-Ming Chiang, an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery. Many batteries are already pretty small. However, every year, new electronic devices like personal music players or cellphones get smaller than the year before. As these devices become smaller, ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit inside.    The ideal battery will store a lot more energy in a smaller package than ordinary batteries. Right now, Belcher's model battery, a metallic disk completely built by viruses, looks like a regular watch battery. But inside, its parts are very small--- so tiny that you can only see them with a powerful microscope.    How small are these battery parts? To get some idea of the size, pluck  one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is--- pretty thin, right? Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different, you could probably fit about 10 of these virus--- built battery parts, side by side, across one hair. These microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses. \n Answer: Rechargeable batteries.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95878709c84d482cb400750ae96482ac",
            "input": "Article: For incoming freshmen at western Connecticut's suburban Brookfield High School, lifting a backpack weighed down with textbooks is about to give way to tapping out notes and touching electronic pages on an iPad,  A few hours away, every student at Burlington High School near Boston.will also start the year with new school-issued iPads, each loaded with electronic textbooks and other online resources in place of traditional texts.Apple officials say they know of more than 600 districts that have launched what are called \"one-to-one\" programs. At Burlington High in suburban Boston, Principal Patrick Larkin says the  $500 iPads is better than textbooks in the long term, though he said the school will still use traditional texts in some courses if suitable electronic programs aren't yet available.\" Lark/n said of textbooks, \"but But some experts warn that the districts need to ensure they can support the wireless infrastructure  , repairs and other costs that accompany a switch to such a tech-heavy approach. Mark Warschauer, an education and informatics professor said, \"I think people will like it. I really don't know anybody in high school that wouldn't want to get an iPad,\" he said. \"We're always using technology at home, then when you're at school it's textbooks.so it's a good way to put all of that together.\" Districts are varied in their policies on how they police students' use. And the nation's textbook publishing industry,  accounting for $ 5.5 billion in yearly sales to secondary schools, is taking notice of the trend with its own shift in a competitive race toward developing curriculum   specifically for iPads. Jay Diskey, executive director of the Association of American Publishers' schools division, said all of the major textbook publishers are moving toward electronic offerings, but at least in the short term, traditional bound textbooks are here to stay.\"I think one of the real key questions that will be answered over the next several years is what sort of things work best in print for students and what smt of things work best digitally, \" \n Answer: The iPads may be unavailable for some traditional courses.",
            "output": [
                "What's the problem for iPads to be used in schools at present?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-50d65fa38b01487db0d552a6ae2f4e83",
            "input": "Article: \"What If\" questions can help you think about what to do in case something should happen. There are no fight answers because every case is different.Use the questions with your parents or with friends and decide what you think might work? Think of your own solutions and make up new\"What If\"questions to answer. 1 ) You are walking to school and a gang of alder bullies(person who uses his strength or power to frighten or hurt weaker people) demands your money      Do you:     a.Shout and run away?     b.Give them the money?     Give them the money(or other possessions)your safety is more impoaant than money.   2) You are in the school toilet and an older student comes in,beats you and then tells you not to do anything or'you'II get worse'.You know who the person is and you have never done anything to him/her.Do you:     a.Wait until the person leaves and then tell a teacher?     b.Get it a fight with him/her?     c.Accept what happened and don't tell?     Tell the teacher--you didn't deserve to be beaten and the bully was wrong to do it.If you don't tell,the bully will just keep on beating up other kids. 3) A gang of bullies gets you alone and starts beating you.Do you:     a.Do nothing--just take it?     b.Fight back?     e.Shout to attract attention?     d.Watch for your chance and run away?     You must decide.but c.&. d.together could work very well.It would be quite difficult to  a whole gang of bullies and you might be hurt badly if you did. 4) Someone in your class always makes rude comments about you and says them loud enough for you(and others)to hear.It really upsets you.Do you:     a.Ignore the comments?     b.Face the bully and tell him/her off?     c.Tell the teacher?     d.Hit the bully on the nose?     You may feel like beating the bully,but you'll probably be the one to get into trouble if you do. Try a .first--ignoring comments is difficult,but can work if the bully gets tired of trying to get you to be angry or cry or show some reaction.Your teacher should be told about the comments because no one should make hurtful comments to others.If you are feeling brave,tell the bully of Try practicing in the mirror to get the right effect ! \n Answer: The advice on how to fight against the bully.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b353ec35c824216809f8c30f8ea2788",
            "input": "Article: Toyota Motor Corp, Japan's biggest carmaker, said on Friday it will recall 1,489 Lexus sedans   sold in China. \"It will take us some time to ship the fuel tanks and vent pipes to China to change those in these Lexus sedans for customers free of charge, if problems are found,\" said Yang Hongjian, a spokes- woman of Toyota's China representative office. The expected recall will affect Lexus LS430 sedans made in Japan from July 29, 2003 to January 14, 2004, the representative office said in a statement. Toyota has not received complaints from Chinese customers, according to the statement. The move will be part of Toyota's global recall of 18,200 Lexus LS430s. It will be the third car recall in China in two weeks. Although automobile recall is a common practice in developed markets, it remains new to Chinese customers. The Chinese government published long-awaited automobile recall rules on March 15, which will be officially carried out at the beginning of October. China's auto market is forecast to reach 10 million units by 2010. Automakers, especially Chinese producers, will face greater pressure from automobile recalls, which could be very costly sometimes, and should be in full preparations, according to the expert. The Japanese carmaker sold 1, 549 Lexus vehicles on the Chinese mainland during the first five months of this year, according to Yang. Lexus sales on the mainland reached 4,000 units last year, up from 1,600 units in 2002. (China Daily July 3, 2004) \n Answer: Toyota Motor start to recall Lexus Sedans due to the problems with fuel tanks.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ace208ca16f040d088c08cc904e862e9",
            "input": "Article: Now I'm a senior high school student in Grade Two . I feel that school life is a little hard , just as my friends said . However , a hard life doesn't have to mean a boring one at all . School life is not just about studying and getting high marks . Getting involved in student clubs can be a unique and unforgettable experience . Wang Tian enjoys Tuesday afternoons more than any other time of the week . Why ? Well , that's when Wang and 47 other members of the DIY ( do it yourself ) club learn to make things such as rondo flowers (  ) and cross-stitch(  ). Wang also knows how to knit scarves and make clay accessories(  ). They even sell their products to raise money for poor students ! When Chen Mo started the High School , there was a drama club and a rock band , but no street dance club . So the girl started one . \"Street dancing is dynamic and helps us relax and keep fit ,\" Chen said . There are around 30 students in Chen's club . They practice dance skills on Sundays . Sometimes they go to street dance performances in the city . \"We watch , learn and make friends . People in this circle are actually very nice and sweet ,\" she said . There are dozens of clubs for me to choose from , such as basketball club or science club . But I love the translation club best . The 30 club members get together once a week . With the help of a volunteer teacher , I've learned the general principles of professional translation . It's the first step to becoming a good translator . Besides ,after attending this club , my English has improved a lot . I like my school life very much . And I believe whether a life is meaningful or not depends on the person who leads it . \n Answer: There are more members in the DIY club than in the translation club .",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9d8e23c6d05492987b88ac213800628",
            "input": "Article: Being able to count at least ten people as friends makes us happy, but those with five or fewer are likely to be miserable, researchers say. Their study of hundreds of men and women also found t hat people who feel satisfied with their lives always have lots of close friends and regularly make new ones. While it is not clear whether our friends make us happy or we make friends because we are happy, the researchers say it is clear that we should maintain our friendships. Psychologist RichardTunney said, \"Whatever the reason is, actively working on friendships in the same way as to maintain a marriage is a prerequisite  to happiness. \"Dr. Tunney, of Nottingham University, quizzed more than 1,700 people about their satisfaction  with their lives and the state of their friendships. Those with five friends or fewer had just a 40 percent chance of being happy.  In other words they were more likely to be unhappy than happy. Ten was the first number at which people were more likely to be happy than unhappy. The happiest people were those with dozens of friends, according to the study, which was carried out for the National Lottery . For women, this meant having 33 friends;for men, the number was 49. Dr. Tunney said,\"People who were extremely satisfied with their lives had twice the number of friends of people  who were extremely dissatisfied. \" Women tended to have fewer friends than men but formed tighter relationships. Interestingly, the study found that childhood friends are no more likely to make us happy than people we become close to later in life. Lottery winners, however, have a differentopinion on life. They are always happier than others despite spending their time with asmall circle of old friends. This could be because they trust people they've known for along time. \n Answer: Having at Least 10 Good Friends Makes People Happy",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3d0167d682044180be82c30cb01ceb99",
            "input": "Article: \"I've changed my mind.I wanted to have a telescope,but now I want my dad back.\" Lucien Lawrence's letter to his father for Christmas written after his father had been knifed to death outside his school gate,must have touched everyone's  heart.Lucien went on to say that without his father he couldn't see the stars in the sky.When those whom we love depart from us,we cannot see the stars for a while. But Lucien,the stars are still there,and one day,when you are older and your tears have gone,you will see them again.And,in a strange way,I expect that you will find your father there,too,in your mind and heart.I find that my parents,who died years ago,still figure in many of my dreams and that I think of them perhaps more than I ever did when they were alive.I still live to please them and I'm still surprised by their reactions.I remember that when I became a professor,I was so proud,or rather so pleased with myself that I couldn't wait to cable my parents.The reply was a long time in coming,but when it did,all my mother said was \"I hope this means that now you will have more time for the children!\" I haven't forgotten.The values of my parents still live on. It makes me pause and think about how I will live on in the hearts and minds of my children and of those for whom I care.Would I have been as ready as Philip Lawrence have been to face the aggressors,and to lay down my life for those in my care?How many people would want me back for Christmas?It's a serious thought,one to give me pause. I pray silently,sometimes,in the dead of night,that ancient cry of a poet \"Deliver my soul from the sword,and my darling from the power of the dog.\" Yet I know the death comes to us all,and sometimes comes suddenly.We must therefore plan to live forever,but live as if we will die tomorrow.We live on,I'm sure,in the lives of those we love,and therefore we ought to have a care for what they will remember and what they will treasure.If more parents knew this in their hearts to be true,there might be fewer knives on our streets today. \n Answer: Worried.",
            "output": [
                "What feelings did the author's mother express in her reply?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ccbfd62ec6284560bbc05da522f5a0c6",
            "input": "Article: The London Eye is a giant 135---meter tall Ferris wheel situated on the banks of the River Thames in the British capital. Since 20 January 2011, it has been officially known as the EDF Energy London Eye following a three---year deal with the company. It is the tallest Ferris wheel in Europe, and the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom, visited by over 3.5 million people every year. The London Eye is located at the western end of Jubilee Gardens, on the South Bank of the River Thames In the London Borough of Lambeth in England, between Westminster Bridge( which has longer history than the famous Severn Bridge to the west of London) and Hungerford Bridge. When erected in 1999, it was the tallest Ferris wheel in the world, until surpassed first by the 160 m Star of Nanchang in 2006, and the 165m Singapore Flyer in 2008. A breathtaking feat of design and engineering, passengers in the London Eye's capsules can see up to 40 kilometers in all directions. The London Eye is the vision of David Marks and Julia Barfield, a husband and wife architect team. The wheel design was used as a metaphor for the end of the 20thcentury, and time turning into the new millennium . Back in 2000, the London Eye was known as the Millennium wheel. In 2009, a 4D Film Experience was added as a free extra to enjoy before your ride on the Eye. Once you get high enough and start coming down the other side, you will see people reach for their cameras. Here's where the good stuff is right at your fingertips(or seems so). Parliament and Big Ben are beneath you, as are so many other historical things . If you are interested in other attractions in London, you can refer to the homepage. \n Answer: London Eye is called the EDF Energy London Eye from 2011 because the company bought it.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT correct ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f3801bbeb2e482f816a673cd2605a83",
            "input": "Article: When it comes to making a good career in the business world, being honest and getting along well with colleagues gives a person a solid competitive advantage, claims a new research. Dr.Jon Bohlmann has found that project managers can expect better performance by far from the members of their team if treating them with honesty, kindness, and respect. According to another study , the Gross-functional product development teams, can achieve a great quality and better cost benefits from socializing and interacting with individuals who work for their suppliers. The first, Dr. Bohlmann's study analyzed cross-functional product development teams, which combine together engineers, researchers and business personnel. The point to involve people with various backgrounds was to show that there was a focus on finance, marketing, and also on a design and functionality, right from the start of the product-development process. In addition to all this, this diversity also helped to make communication more effective in order to ensure that all members of the team were socializing and cooperating, and not just working at cross-purposes. As a result, it indicated that \"interactional fairness awareness\" indeed had an effect on a \"cross-functional communication.\" In other words, all the team members who thought that they had been treated well and respected, showed a great increase in their commitment to the success of the project they had been working on in cooperation with other team members, and, in particular, when they realized their project manager or supervisor to be a kind, nice and honest guy. According to Dr. Bohlmann, the increase in such commitment is very essential and important because it could improve performance that would result in the achievement of team goals. And if Bohlmann's study comes to the conclusion that nice and honest guys are the first to finish, the second research by Dr. Rob Handfleld shows us that cooperating and socializing well with others can give a team, and even a company an edge, when it comes to product development. \n Answer: Helping us perform better.",
            "output": [
                "What effect can the commitment mentioned by Dr. Bohlmann have on our work?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2941fd990be4b67a039008e96f348c2",
            "input": "Article: Some kids start to drink alcohol   at a young age. They think it is part of becoming an adult. They also think drinking is not that bad because so many people do it. They feel it is not as bad as taking drugs  . It is easy for kids to get liquor  by using fake identification  . Parents may start to notice a change in their child's behavior if the child starts drinking. Kids who drink sometimes stop doing things they normally liked to do. They may keep telephone calls and meetings a secret and not want anybody to touch their things. They act moody   and do not have the same eating and sleeping habits. Parents need to stay involved   in their kids' lives. They should talk to their children about their problems to be aware of any changes. Parents can be the best protection. Children who get a lot of love can feel good about themselves. It helps them resist  doing bad things even when other kids are doing them. Parents can also help set a good example by not drinking and driving. They can have firm rules in the home that everyone follows. Give the children good ideas on how to say \"no\" to drinking, even when they are at a party. Try not to overreact or panic   if the child tries alcohol. How you handle it can affect their attitude. It may be helpful to talk to other parents about setting up curfews   and rules about parties or other events. \n Answer: Drinking alcohol is much cooler than taking drugs.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the reason why some kids have an early start of drinking?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cead25f3f7d54c3cafd1c6300bd13d2c",
            "input": "Article: Some recent surveys show that the health conditions of many white collar employees and office workers are rather dangerous. Death cases among white collar employees and office workers are increasing year by year and these cases are generally believed to have been caused by overwork and spending little time taking rest or doing exercise. If their offices are within the distance of half an hour's walk, some office workers now choose to go to work on foot. Ms. Deng, who works in a foreign enterprise in Beijing, has been walking to her office for more than six months now. \" I usually have a tight work schedule and can't find time to do exercise. So I choose to walk to work. \" As she said, if the office is not far from home, most women would like to go to work on foot. Walking is good for their health and can help them to keep good figures as well. Apart from walking to office,one can also find time to do exercise when one is at work. The simplest way is to desert the lift. Mr. Wei, who works in the Passenger Service Department at Shenzhen Airlines, is one of such men who frequently climb stairs. \" I only use the lift whenever I'm with my colleagues or my boss. Otherwise, I would climb stairs instead of taking the lift. \" In addition, some office workers try to find time to go to a gym at the end of a day. Ms. Sang works in a law firm in Shenzhen. She goes to the gym several times a week when she has the time. \" I go to the gym every weekend. During the weekdays,I will also go there whenever I have the time. \" Ms. Sang and her husband both have a gym membership card for a whole year. The cards cost them 3000 yuan. However, they think it's worth it. \n Answer: All of the above",
            "output": [
                "Why are death cases among white collar employees and office workers increasing year by year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5d55a940ca174d28a0fd5ce1b2b9b6b4",
            "input": "Article: From furniture to jewelry, from the medical industry to civil engineering,three--dimensional printing can turn all sorts of ideas into objects.     \"I wanted to print large objects such as buildings,\"said Behrokh Khoshnevis,professor of the University of Southern California.He planned to construct a house in 24 hours by applying 3D printing techniques,but he admitted there would be difficulties in meeting his goal.    \"For example,if you run out of ink while printing on paper,you will throw that paper away.But you cannot throw half completed buildings away if your material gets stuck,\"he said.Although the printed house is not available to visit,there is a chance for people in Shanghai to see items printed in 3D.     The Belgium-based company Materialize NV is currently holding a 3D printing exhibition in Shanghai that started in late 2012 and will continue until the middle of this year.The company is eager to show Asia what is possible with 3D printing.     \"All the pieces shown here are what cannot be made through traditional techniques. A good example of this customization is hearing aids More than l0 million people already use 3D printed hearing aids.all made according to the size of their ear.\"said Wim Michiels, executive vice-president at Materialise NV.     \"You can produce anything whenever and wherever you like.You don't need to set-up production lines for pieces that only need a limited amount of product.Setting up a production Line is a tot of work, takes a long time and is very expensive for a limited number of pieces\" said Michiels.     Kim Francois,managing director of Matcrialise China,said their European and American clients have at ready made the next step toward additive manufacturing with small-series production such as hearing aids. \n Answer: Material.",
            "output": [
                "According to Khoshnevis,what is the main difficulty in printing buildings?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e17cac21260d4ff8948a436d2c04d7bf",
            "input": "Article: As thousands of communities in the USA -- especially in the South -- became booming gateways for immigrant families from Central and South America during the 1990s and the early years of the new century, public schools struggled with the unfamiliar task of serving the large numbers of English learners arriving in their classrooms. Education programs needed _ . \"We had no teaching resources suitable for English learners here before. We had to develop them all ourselves,\" a Texas principal said. Throughout the country, districts had to train their own teachers to teach English to non-native speakers or recruit  teachers from elsewhere. School staff members had to figure out how to communicate with parents who spoke no English. But even as immigration has slowed or stopped in many places, and instructional programs for English-learners have matured, serving immigrant families and their children remains a work in progress in many public schools, especially those in communities that are skeptical, or sometimes unwelcoming, to the newcomers. One of the biggest challenges educators face, is communicating effectively with parents who don't speak English -- an issue that, in part, has contributed to recent complaints of discrimination by Latino students in some cities. \"The parents' role is very important for the success of these students, but it's also one of the most difficult things we've had to tackle ,\" said Jim D. Rollins, the president of the Springdale school district, where the 19,000-student school system has gone from having no English-learners 15 years ago to more than 7,500 now. \"You have to make it a priority and work on it, work on it, and work on it.\" Aside from the practical challenges, such as finding bilingual   staff members, guiding districts through such dramatic changes requires school leaders to bridge difficult political and cultural divides. For school leaders in the South, especially in the last few years, this difficult job has been made harder still by the negative attitudes of some locals towards immigrants. \n Answer: Providing education for non-native English learners.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what is the problem that public schools are facing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0b57d53f22c74edcb2cb3a6fae90c71f",
            "input": "Article: More than 20 million kids in the United States live with one parent. Separation and divorce are the most common reasons for this. In other cases, the mom and dad may never have lived together, or one of them may have died. Living with one parent instead of two can bring about a lot of emotions. These feelings can be pretty strong, and they can be confusing, too. You might feel terribly sad and angry because your parents divorced. Single parents are often working parents because someone needs to earn money to buy food, clothing, and a place to live in. Having a job means your mom or dad is able to provide these things and more for you. People work for other reasons, too. A job can let a person use his or her special talents and skills. A job can be important because it helps people in the community. But even though you might understand why your mom or dad has to work, sometimes it can be hard to accept. This can be especially true during the summer or school vacations. _  It can be tough when you don't have enough time with your dad or mom. When you live with one parent, that person really has to do the work of two people. Besides a job, your mom or dad is responsible for caring for the kids, the house, the yard, the car and the pets. So what can you do ? One of the best ways is to hold a family meeting. Talk about everyone's schedule for work, school, and activities. You can also talk about what jobs around the house need to be done every day. You might want to help your parent cook dinner sometimes. That can be both fun and helpful to your parent. Maybe you can also schedule a weekly game or a movie at night. \n Answer: Separation and divorce.",
            "output": [
                "What are the main reasons for kids' living with one parent?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9c07f6b974a4c5b9c5f4be48269fc7f",
            "input": "Article: Goodwill welcomes the proven talent of retired soldiers and military family members to its workforce. As Goodwill expands its social enterprise and life-changing mission services, America's heroes and their families are helping us strengthen communities. Goodwill is uniquely intended to connect retired soldiers and military family members with their next careers. Goodwill links retired soldiers and their families with a broad array of career and financial fitness services as they transition from the military into hometowns and careers across the country. Services include but are not limited to financial education, housing assistance, primary health care, meal service, transportation, and connection to rehabilitation services  .  In 2011, First Lady Michelle Obama and Dr Jill Biden carried out the Joining Forces plan to connect service men and women retired soldiers and their husbands or wives with the resources they need to find jobs. In April of that year, Goodwill set a new plan going, Goodwill for America's Heroes and Their Families, to expand its face-to-face career and family strengthening services. From April 2011 through March 2013, Goodwill has employed 1,856 retired soldiers and their families, and provided services to 99,386 retired soldiers and their families. And our commitment continues.  With the support of the Bank of America Charitable Foundation, Goodwill launched Vested in Retired Soldiers in the communities of Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles and San Antonio to help military retired soldiers and their families connect with the education, training and support services they need to succeed on the homefront. Goodwill also launched an initiative known as Operation: GoodJobs, as funded by the Walmart Foundation, which provides a complete career assessment and an individualized development plan that include a range of family needs, from basic needs like nutrition, shelter and child care, to specific job training identified in the assessment process for participants and their families. The initiative currently exists in Austin, Houston and Tacoma, and will add additional markets in 2014. \n Answer: Job opportunities.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following services is offered by Goodwill to retired soldiers and military family members?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c0ab8da58fb940379ee123ead32fcc4d",
            "input": "Article: When a magazine for high school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty years, they said: Machines would be run by solar power. Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat. Walls would \"give light\" and \"change color with the push of a button.\" Food would be replaced by pills. School would be taught by electrical impulse while we sleep. Cars would have radar . Does this sound like the year 2000? Actually, this article was written in 1958 and the question was, \"what will life be like in 1978? The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did, so experts are regularly asked to predict accuately. By carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen. But can they? One expert on Cities wrote: Cities of the future would not be crowded, but would have space for farms and fields. People would travel to work in \"airbuses\", large all-weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin-operated car equipped with radar. The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents \"almost unheard of\". Does that sound familiar? If the expert had been accurate it would, because he was writing in 1957. His subject was \"The city of 1982\". If the professionals sometimes sound like high school students, it's probably because future study is still a new field. But economic forecasting, or predicting what the economy will do, has been around for a long time. It should be accuate, and generally it is. But there have been some big mistakes in the field, too. In early 1929, most forecasters saw an excellent future for the stock market. In October of that year, the stock market had its worst losses ever, ruining thousands of investors who had put their faith in financial foreseers. One forecaster knew that predictions about the future would always be subject to significant error. In 1957, H.J. Rand of the Rad corporation was asked about the year 2000, \"Only one thing is certain,\" he answered. \"Children born today will have reached the age of 43.\" \n Answer: Four",
            "output": [
                "How many examples does the author offer to describe the future life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5747210adc75420c8473104946f24c89",
            "input": "Article: Can you remember a morning when you've woken up to the ring of your alarm clock and wished you could stay in bed? You haven't slept well, your hair is a mess. Worse, you can't stop yawning. Yawning is universal to humans and many animals. Cats, dogs and fish yawn just like humans do! Yawning is an involuntary(,) action during which you open your mouth and breathe deeply. The average duration of a yawn is about 6 seconds. The purpose and cause of yawning are still a mystery. Scientists are not sure what causes a yawn. People yawn when they are tired or bored, but they also yawn when they aren't. There are many ideas explaining why we yawn. One idea is that yawning is a way for the body to become more alert by taking in more oxygen. A yawn increases the heart rate, forces carbon dioxide out of the lungs and blood stream, and brings oxygen to the brain. But one study showed that volunteers given a lot of oxygen did not yawn any less than before, while those given a lot of carbon dioxide did not yawn more. Another idea is that early humans used yawning as a form of communication. If one decided it was time to sleep, they would tell the others by yawning and they would do it in return to show they agreed. A third explanation comes from psychology professor Gordon Gallup of University at Albany in New York. He said that as people yawn, they cool off their brains. \"Brains are like computers.\" he said. \"They only operate efficiently and effectively when they're cool. Many things connected to yawning, like being tired, make the brain hot, and yawning can reduce the heat.\" Scientists have sent people into space, and created terrible nuclear weapons, but there are lots of seemingly simple things, such as why we yawn, or hiccup , that they can't figure out. Next time you are in class in the morning, let out a big yawn and watch to see how many of your classmates yawn in response! \n Answer: To complain about being woken up by the clock.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the description of how bad you may feel when you're woken up in the morning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b46a091867034434a5a236785f33dfd4",
            "input": "Article: Two travelling angels stopped to spend the night in the home of a wealthy family. The family was impolite and refused to let the angels stay in the guest room. Instead the angels were given a space in the cold underground room. As they made their bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole in the wall and repaired it. When the younger angel asked why, the older angel replied, \"Things aren't always what they seem.\" The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor, but very kind farmer and his wife. After sharing what little food they had, the couple let the angels sleep in their bed where they could have a good night's rest. When the sun came up the next morning, the angels found the farmer and his wife in tears. Their only cow, whose milk had been their only income, lay dead in the field. The younger angel was very angry and asked the older angel, \"How could this happen? Why did you not watch out for the cow? The first man had everything, yet you watched over his house,\" she accused. \"The second family had little but was willing to share everything, and you did not help.\" \"Things aren't always what they seem,\" the older angel replied. \"When we stayed in the underground room , I noticed there was gold stored in that hole in the wall. Since the owner was so greedy and unwilling to share his good fortune, I asked God if I could seal the wall so he couldn't find it. Then last night as we slept in the farmer's bed, the angel of death came for his wife. I asked God if the angel could take the cow instead. You see, things aren't always what they seem. \" \n Answer: Because she didn't like the greedy owner.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the older angel repair the hole for the rich family?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-70af11381be342fe9d75045904f9c209",
            "input": "Article: Last year, I worked as a young marketing person in a company. It was one of those busy days...management meetings, sale calls, planning my travels, booking hotels, and the list was endless. By the end of the day, I was not only tired but was getting angry with myself and everyone around me. It was at this time that Paul invited me to his house for a \"chill out ( ).\" Although tired, I was all excited to chat up with Paul and share and learn through his rich experience in marketing. As we entered through the main door to his house, Paul started singing a song : I have a dream, to help me through in everything...and so on. I was in no mood to listen to his song; I wanted to hear about how he dealt with difficult sale calls! As I told him about just that, I was totally surprised at what I saw next. Two young girls, aged between 17 and 20, walked over to Paul and hugged him. They couldn't walk steadily, and neither could they talk properly. Their faces were full of smiles and they also sang a song: No Mummy's kisses only Daddy's smiles. Nobody wants us. Daddy hugs us tonight. Curious to know, I asked Paul who these girls were. I knew that Paul lived in that house but I had never seen these girls. Paul explained: \"I also have a dream, a dream to make these girls happy. They are my daughters and they were born as 'special children'\". And he further added, \"They don't have a mother. My wife died when they were very young\", and that he is both mother and father to these beautiful daughters. I was moved to tears. In the office, no one knew what Paul was going through in his personal life. He never looked for any pity from his friends. In fact, he always helped us and encouraged us to move forward in life. I finished my tea and made my way out, when Paul said to me, \"All of us have dreams.\" \n Answer: Because he could escape from the work pressure for a time.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer like to have a chat with Paul?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f5495291eb934f25a29f4903000687e1",
            "input": "Article: Not too long ago, our teacher, being a \"tree-hugger\" (as the kids call her), had us write an essay on an environmental issue . I was eager to start, but something made me stop. \"What is an environmental issue ?\" one kid asked . \"What if we don't care about the environment ?\" another complained. \" It's not like it affects me .\" These comments _ me .I have always cared about the environment and assumed that others did too. From the surprised look on my teacher's face, I could tell she felt the same way. In no time, I finished my essay . In my essay I wrote about logging , which is an important industry, but if we continue to cut down trees without replacing them, it will damage the environment.www.zxxk.com There are so many things that we can do to save our world. Recycling, of course, is always a good thing, but not everyone has a recycling plant nearby ( I don't ) . There are other ways to help the environment . Plant a tree. Don't waste water. I can't stand it when a person's excuse for not caring is \"Nothing's going to happen in my lifetime, so why should I care ?\" Sure, the chances of something terrible happening are slim, but I want people to realize that if we don't deal with it, someone will have to eventually. Do you want that to be your children ? When my teacher told me to read my essay to my class, I was a little embarrassment because I didn't want everyone to call me \"tree- hugger\". I realize now that if being a tree-hugger means you cares about the environment, I'm a tree-hugger 100 percent. I just wish more people were too. \n Answer: She cares a lot about the environment.",
            "output": [
                "Why do the students call her teacher \"tree-hugger\" ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-68f6e5e45a9b4d0b90166216ca92ed8b",
            "input": "Article: Denmark is one of the happiest nations on earth with some of the best quality of life . You don't need statistics to understand the Dane's happy lot . Walk around any Danish town and you'll experience some of the most harmonious civic spaces anywhere . Their intimate scales and perfect transport systems combine the rich history and bold modern lines of the built environment to delight the eye , and the locals' manners and sense of humor is refreshing . Denmark's capital Copenhagen is a remarkable city with well-preserved medieval streets , renowned art galleries , Michelin-starred restaurants and a healthy business center . Finding something to do is never a problem and if all else fails , just admiring the streets with a hotdog in hand is an enjoyable way to spend a few hours . Beyond the capital and the bigger cities , Denmark offers a mix of lively towns such as Ribe and Odense plus rural countryside , medieval churches , Renaissance castles and tidy 18th-century villages . The coastline of Denmark with its sand dunes and greenery is a sight that always attracts visitors . So , no matter what time of year you're in Denmark , you shouldn't miss out on a trip to the nearest beach . It's hard , in short , to find fault with the place . The visitor's most heartfelt complaint is usually the cost of visiting Denmark . True , it is not a cheap destination , but no more so than the UK , and which nation's public transport system would you rather use ? Cheer yourself up by thinking of the country's remarkable organization and clockwork railway timetable as being financed by the extremely high taxes paid by your hosts . When viewed in this way , this first-rate destination seems like good value , and you get the fairy tales thrown in for free : the Danish royal family is genuinely loved and respected by the vast majority of its citizens , not least handsome Prince Frederik , his beautiful Australian-born princess-bride , Mary , and their young family . \n Answer: Polite and humorous .",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words can best describe Danes ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-64189e8798f24804aad47e9b1b9e5ce9",
            "input": "Article: The world's largest travel website,TripAdvisor,released a survey on female travel on April 9.It revea1ed that 43 percent of Chinese women have holidayed alone,slightly higher than the global average of 41 percent.  The survey covered 10 countries and regions,including China,the US, the UK,Germany,France,Italy and Spain,and aimed to explore woman's travel habits especially with regards to solo travelling. According to the survey,when choosing hotels,85 percent of Chinese women will compare prices on different travel websites,much higher than the wor1d average of 57 percent .However, 92 percent of women around the world regard online hotel reviews as an important reference while 71percent of Chinese female travelers do so,which demonstrates that global women travelers attach greater importance to hotel reviews to avoid unsatisfactory accommodation experiences. In contrast,though Chinese women do also check the ratings, they still prefer to be guided by 1ower prices. Interestingly,84 percent of Chinese women.Identified trying 1ocal food as one of the  necessary activities when traveling alone,higher than the global average of 62 percent.Plus,76 percent of Chinese women and 73 percent of global females will take part in cultural and scenic activities.Surprisingly,only 30 percent of Chinese women list shopping as an indispensable must-do on their solo travel trips,lower than the average of 43 percent. Trip Advisor China President Zheng jiali said,\"Globally speaking,solo travel has gradually become a trend among the young generation. And there is no denying that women must face the greater challenges of unknown environments by themselves on their solo trips in the future.\" For most Chinese women traveling alone,they not only focus on the journey process but also long for changes that travel can bring about in their minds . Among more than 9,000 respondents around the world, a majority spoke highly of independent trips which have caused significant changes in themselves, with 36 percent saying they have learned about different cultures,43 percent expressing that they are more confident than before and 56 percent feeling they become more independent.In addition,45 percent of Chinese female travelers think independent trips have helped reshape their outlook on life,well above the international average of merely 15 percent. \n Answer: The nearby environment.",
            "output": [
                "About what do Chinese women care more when choosing hotels?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9550d7bf7eda44c1ad6b48de2c4dc027",
            "input": "Article: Being safe in your everyday life needs knowledge . If you remember the following   information, your life will be much safer. l   Always notice the environment around you. You shouldn't walk alone outside. Make sure where the public phones are. If anything dangerous happens, you can find them easily. l   Your bag should be carried towards the front of your body instead of putting it on your back. When a bus is full of people, it is easy enough for a thief to take away the things in the bag on your back. l   If you are followed by someone you don't know, cross the street and go to the other way, let the person understand that you know he or she is after you. Next, don't go home at once. You are safer in the street than you are alone in your home or in a lift . l   If you have to take a bus to a place far away, try to get to the stop a few minutes earlier before the bus leaves. This stops other people from studying you. On the bus, don't sit alone. Sit behind the driver or with other people. Don't sleep. \n Answer: Go home alone late at night.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOTsafe when you are out?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cdc536f5abd14a309607483186b01098",
            "input": "Article: In today's world, we rely on computers as never before.They are used for everything from ordering a pizza to running hospitals and military defense systems.Banking and credit card information is stored and accessed by computers.So what happens when a computer gets infected with a virus? One effect is that people's access to their e-mail accounts is cut off.A more serious possible consequence is that billions of dollars could be lost. A virus is a computer program that copies itself onto other programs and infects them. Similar to an easily spread disease, a computer virus goes from computer to computer, either adding to or changing the tasks a program is designed to do. The first computer viruses were created in the mid '80s and had varying effects.Some caused files to be deleted, or made the letters on the screen appear to fall off.Others displayed a specific message once the computer was turned on. Viruses today are much more widespread and dangerous than ever before.Perhaps the most damaging to date has been the \"I Love You\" virus.\"I Love You\" appeared in May 2000 and has possibly been the most destructive virus in terms of monetary loss. The virus is released when an attachment to a fake e-mail message is opened.By changing the names of files on computers, \"I Love You\" makes them difficult to access.It also searches for important personal information, including passwords, which it sends to a web site for others to see. It is estimated that more than 45 million people in 20 countries have had their computers infected by the \"I Love You\" virus.Some say the cost of repair and lost business has been more than US$10 billion. If you own a computer, it is important to keep it in good health by installing an anti-virus program.If updated frequently, it will protect your e-mail access-not to mention your wallet. \n Answer: A contagious   computer program.",
            "output": [
                "What does \"virus\" mean in the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c8783cb1e6545d3832d56471ede0738",
            "input": "Article: Surprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are just not kept. We know that more than 850,000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital. Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part-time teacher. The special children's hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off. From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacher--and that contact may be as little as two hours a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If there was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games. Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when parents referred to them as \"the library lady\" or just \"the helper\". Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can. Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed. \n Answer: Not enough is known about hospital teaching.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6eec6ece57f54dbcaecc3d8b770c0b13",
            "input": "Article: Statistically, air travel is by far the safest way to travel, and you can make flying even safer, just by following these simple rules. As your chances of being involved in an air accident are practically nil  , many of these tips concern what you should and shouldn't do to make your journey safer when you are airborne  . Fly on non-stop routes Most accidents occur during the takeoff, climb, descent and landing phases of a flight, so flying non-stop reduces your exposure to these complex procedures. Choose larger aircraft. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m Although small aircrafts have very good safety records, _ with more than 30 passenger seats are designed to comply   with much stricter regulations and are tested more regularly to make sure they still comply. Also, in the unlikely event of a serious accident, larger aircraft provide a better opportunity for passenger survival. Pay attention to the pre-flight safety briefing The information may seem repetitious  , but it's worth listening to the flight attendants. And even if you've flown before, it doesn't mean you know everything about the aircraft you're on, such as the location of the closest emergency exit. Store things safely Never put very heavy articles in the overhead storage bins. They may fall out when someone opens the bin and cause injury. Also, the bin may not be able to hold heavier objects during turbulence  . Keep our seat belt fastened while you are seated Cabin crew always tell you this, but it's important. You would be seriously injured if the plane hits unexpected turbulence. Always fasten your seat belt if you are told to. _ of flying is this: If you are told to do something, do it first and ask questions later. Let the flight attendant pour your hot drinks Flight attendants are trained to handle hot drinks like coffee or tea in a crowded aisle on a moving aircraft, so allow them to pour the drink and hand it to you. Never ask to take a coffee pot from one of them. \n Answer: How to avoid injury.",
            "output": [
                "What is the overall reason for these air safety tips?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51ab7a5dd1594ed8a98a8be55d365406",
            "input": "Article: Read the following time table and then answer the following question. Train Time Table lv. (Leave) Boston        Ar. (Arrive) Midway     Ar. New York 5:10 AM EX.(Except)Sun.     7:00 AM                10:45 AM 7:10 AM Daily              9:00 AM                12:45 PM 9:10 AM Ex. Sat. & Sun.     11:00 AM               2:45 PM 10:00 AM Ex. Hol.(Holiday)  11:45 AM               2:55 PM 1:15 PM Daily              3:15 PM                5:45 PM 3:40 PM Ex. Hol.           5:40 PM                8:15 PM 5:20 PM Daily              7:20 PM                9:55 PM \n Answer: 4 hours 25 minutes",
            "output": [
                "What is the shortest time between Boston and New York by train?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1564442d46ea47e0b66811be11988689",
            "input": "Article: Whether we're 2 years old or 62, our reasons for lying are mostly the same: to get out of trouble, for personal gain and to make ourselves look better in the eyes of others. But a growing body of research is raising questions about how a child's lie is different from an adult's lie, and how the way we _ changes as we grow. \"Parents and teachers who catch their children lying should not be alarmed. Their children are not going to turn out to be abnormal liars,\" says Dr. Lee, a professor at the University of Toronto and director of the Institute of Child Study. He has spent the last 15 years studying how lying changes as kids get older, why some people lie more than others as well as which factors can reduce lying. The fact that children tell lies is a sign that they have reached a new developmental stage. Dr. Lee conducted a series of studies in which they bring children into a lab with hidden cameras. Children and young adults aged 2 to 17 are likely to lie while being told not to look at a toy, which is put behind the child's back. Whether or not the child takes a secret look is caught on tape. For young kids, the desire to cheat is big and 90% take a secret look in these experiments. When the test-giver returns to the room, the child is asked if he or she looked secretly. At age 2, about a quarter of children will lie and say they didn't. By 3, half of kids will lie, and by 4, that figure is 90%, studies show. Researchers have found that it's kids with better understanding abilities who lie more. That's because to lie you also have to keep the truth in mind, which includes many brain processes, such as combining several sources of information and faking that information. The ability to lie -- and lie successfully  -- is thought to be related to development of brain regions that allow so called \"executive functioning\", or higher order thinking and reasoning abilities. Kids who perform better on tests that involve executive functioning also lie more. \n Answer: To get rid of trouble.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of children telling lies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57b986d826834272ad20475251c44cec",
            "input": "Article: Machines in the home have a short history. Sewing machines, washing machines and tumble dries are common enough today, but a hundred years ago few people could even imagine such things. However, inventors have designed and built a wide range of household machines since then. In most cases the inventor tried to patent his machine, to stop anyone copying it. Then he tried to produce a lot of them. If the machine became popular, the inventor could make a lot of money.  In 1790 the first sewing machine was patented. The inventor was an Englishman called Thomas Saint. There was nothing to match his machine for forty years, and then someone built a similar device. He was a Frenchman, Bartelemy Thimonier. Neither of these early machines worked very well, however. It wasn't until 1846 that an inventor came up with a really efficient sewing machine. He was an American, Elias Howe and his machine was good enough to beat five skilled sewing women. He didn't make much money from it, however. The first commercially successful sewing machine was patented by Isaac Singer five years later.  Today, we take washing machines for granted, but there was none before 1869. The revolving drum of that first machine set a pattern for the future, but it was crude by today's standards. The drum was turned by hand, and needed a lot of effort. Eight years passed before someone produced an electric washing machine. The world had to wait even longer for a machine to dry clothes. The first spin-drier was another American invention, patented in 1924; but it was 20 years before such machines were widely used.  It was yet another American, called Bissell, who introduced the carpet sweeper. He patented the original machine back in 1876. It didn't pick up dirt very well, but it was quicker than a dustpan and brush. Thirty-six years later, even the carpet sweeper was old-fashioned: modern homes now have a vacuum cleaner with an electric motor to suck the dust. \n Answer: Isaac Singer's.",
            "output": [
                "Whose sewing machine could do far more than the work that was done by five skilled sewing women?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e9d645eb2f64a6a9dd7da87e5823216",
            "input": "Article: Expand your knowledge of natural history! The University of Michigan Exhibit Museum is located on central campus in the historic Alexander B.Ruthven Museums Building.With over 300displays on four floors,the museum offers unlimited opportunities for discovery.Exhibits,artifacts and habitat scenes help you expand your knowledge of prehistoric life,wildlife,geology,astronomy and more. Hours and Admission Fees The museum is open 9am to 5pm Tuesday through Saturday and 1pm to 5pm on Sunday.The museum is closed on Mondays and major holidays.There is no general admission fee for individuals. Groups All groups of more than 10must make reservations to visit the museum at least two weeks in advance,even if the group is only planning to browse in the museum on an\"unguided visit\".Unguided visits can be arranged for any day the museum is open.Groups may schedule guided tours,multimedia shows,and planetarium shows for any day Tuesday through Friday.Call the reservation desk at 313-555-1234between 9am to 4pm to make group reservations. Parking Parking is available in many of the nearby public parking structures for a $5.00daily fee.Buses may park in the museum lot only on weekends.Parking is free in the museum lot. Museum Shop The Exhibit Museum Shop is located on the basement level of the museum.The shop carries items for children and adults,including rocks,minerals,fossils,books,a variety of dinosaur merchandise,T-shirts and posters.A subscription  to the quarterly Newsletter of the Exhibit Museum is also available there. Planetarium Shows The planetarium is located on the fourth floor of the Exhibit Museum.On weekends,regularly scheduled planetarium shows are open to the general public.Show topics change seasonally.Currently showing:\"The Brightest Stars\"(no age limits) Sat.at 10:30and 11:30;\"The New Solar System\"(for age 8  up) Sat.at 12:30and 3:30; Sun.at 2:30.Tickets are 2.5per person.Planetarium shows are free for members of the Exhibit Museum Club. \n Answer: Any group of more than ten people.",
            "output": [
                "Who must call in advance before visiting the museum?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dca701637999476e91f75c54d48e3f0c",
            "input": "Article: Details of the latest James Bond film Skyfall have been shown to the public. It comes 50 years to the day after actor Sean Connery first played Bond -- the superspy in Dr No.     The new film, known at the moment only as Bond 23, will be the third to star Daniel Craig as the secret agent  . Other names in the cast include Albert Finney, Javier Bardem and Ralph Fiennes.     British film-maker Sam Mendes, who won an Oscar for American Beauty, will direct the latest adventure.     Ajay Chowdhury, from the James Bond International Fan Club, said, \"Daniel Craig's third time as 007 has been looked forward to by Bond fans around the world. The fans have been made to wait extra long for this film since the global economic crisis   delayed the film for some time.\"     \"Mendes has an unusual way of directing, and with the acting gift and the precedent   set by the previous two films in which Craig played Bond, Skyfall promises a Bond film where the sky may not be the limit.\"     It is reported that the film will send 007 to South Africa and India to hunt for a criminal   organization. Other reported locations for filming include Duntrune Castle, near Lochgilphead in Argyll, Scotland, which is believed to be the spy's home.     The film is set to be released in the UK this October.     Craig' s performance as Bond gave new life to the film series, leading to the highest ever 007 box office   takings of PS367 million for his role in Casino Royale in 2006. Quantum of Solace, the most recent film in the series released in 2008, made PS353 million. \n Answer: Sam Mendes.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, who will play Bond in film Skyfall?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5c1514c3e9c342aeaff0d4c60b4af0af",
            "input": "Article: Use your American Express Card to enjoy one-day privileges at four ofprefix = st1 /America's greatest museums. Note the participating museums, and their exciting special exhibitions that you will not want to miss, listed below. Boston Isabella StewartGardnerMuseum Chairs February 11-May 8, 2005 Italian furniture expert Fausto Calderai and Indian photographer Dayanita Singh present an exhibition of chairs from the museum's collection and \"chair photographs\" from around the world presented in a Venetian-style hall housing world-famous masterpieces. For more information: www.gardnermuseum.org New York The NoguchiMuseum Noguchi and Graham December 1, 2004--May 1, 2005 Noguchi's long-term collaboration with dancer Martha Graham is regarded by many as a high pointin the history of both modern dance and art. The exhibition highlights nine of the sets created through this collaboration. For more information: www.noguchi.org Philadelphia Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts In full View: American Painting(1720--2005) January 11--April 10, 2005 Founded in 1805, the Pennsylvania Academy has been home to America's artists for 200 years. The Academy collects and exhibits the works of famous American artists, and is well-known for training fine artists. 2005 at the Academy begins with the largest exhibition of Academy's distinguished American collection in the institution's history. For more information: www.pafa.org Seattle Seattle Museum of Glass Murano: Glass from the Olnick Spanu Collection Through November 7, 2004 This exhibition includes over 200 pieces of beautiful glass from Murano, the island of glassblowers near Venice,Italy. Watch live glass-blowing shows in the How Shop and see other modern glass exhibitions. For more information: www.museumofglass.org \n Answer: www. Gardnermuseum.org",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following websites offers information about the furniture show?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af57bfa0162644348a9af34bc4429caa",
            "input": "Article: Morocco, a North African kingdom, is on the south of the Mediterranean Sea and on the east of the Atlantic Ocean, between Algeria and Western Sahara. Morocco became independent from France in 1956. People in Morocco speak Arabic, which is the official language. Some people speak French and Spanish. 98.7% of the people believe in Islam. The capital city of Morocco is Rabat. Casablanca, in the north of this country, is the largest city. The famous movie Casablanca tells a story which happened in this city. It seldom rains in Morocco. The coastal cities are not cold in winter (around 16degC) and not hot in summer (around 22degC). In the inland areas, winters are colder and summers warmer. High up in the mountains the temperature can be as cold as -17.8degCin winter, and mountain tops are covered with snow most of the year. The population of Morocco is about 31,000,000. Most children in Morocco go to primary school, but only about 39% of them go to secondary school. However, this country has one of the oldest universities in the world, hundreds of years older than Oxford University. It is Al Qarawiyin University in Northern Morocco, which was founded in AD 859. \n Answer: Cold.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following word best describe the weather in Morocco?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-83adfd1ade1d48f4b2d27349dbae2bf0",
            "input": "Article: Dear Mom and Dad , I'm afraid I have some very bad news for you . I have been very naughty and the school master is very angry with me . She is going to write to you . You must come and take me away from here . She does not want me in the school any longer . The trouble started last night when I was smoking a cigarette in bed . As I was smoking , I heard footsteps coming towards the room .I did not want a teacher to catch me smoking , so I threw the cigarette away . Unfortunately , the cigarette fell into the waste--paper basket . It caught fire . There was a curtain near the waste --paper basket . It caught fire ,too . Soon the whole room was burning . The master phoned the fire brigade . The school is a long way from the town and before the fire brigade arrived , the whole school was on fire . The master said that the fire was all my fault and I must pay for the damage . She will send you a bill for about a million dollars . I'm very sorry for this . Much love Sarah \n Answer: He told his parents what he had done in school.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Sarah write to his parents ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-80e0808547b64f618265861ab4ac428b",
            "input": "Article: There are many reasons that goals go unfulfilled. For many, goal setting is a never ending circle that starts, stops, and begins again. To help us succeed in reaching our goals, let's examine the reasons why many people fail at reaching them. Here are 7 Reasons That You Won't Reach Your Goals: 1. You Don't Have Any Goals Too many people are afraid to \"set\" their goals. Afraid of failing. Afraid of disappointment. Well, you definitely won't complete them if you don't try. Make a choice and set your goals. Otherwise you will end up wherever life takes you. 2. You Don't Start OK, so you have a goal. What have you done about it? Have you started it yet? What are you waiting for? Procrastination is responsible for the failure of many goals. 3. You Aren't Willing to \"Buy\" Your Goals Yes, you have to buy your goals. Why? Because every goal has a price. It has a cost. Time. Money. Sweat. Sacrifice. You will have to \"pay\" for your goals in some manner. 4. Your Goals Are Unrealistic. Make sure that your goals are possible and that you set an adequate time frame for success. 5. You Won't Stick With It Over half of goals will be given up within 30 days. You set your goals .You started them. And then...you gave up. Are you using life's daily happenings as excuses? Goals are not   reached through one effort. Rather, they are made in small steps over time. 6. You Will Fail...And You Won't Get Back Up! No one succeeds immediately. Those who appear to have effortlessly succeeded have usually put in years of preparation and practice. You have to fall down many times before you will succeed. Skill is learned by doing. 7. You Quit Before The Finish Line Too many people stop...right before the finish line. It's almost like they are afraid of succeeding. Often a life event is used as the reason for not finishing. Something always comes up before you finish. Are you reaching your goals? Which of these is keeping you from succeeding? Set your goals. Stay the course. Always get back up when you fail. And make sure you cross the finish line. \n Answer: To persuade people to have big life goals.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's purpose of writing this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6ee6db8d56ee48d588404b7480dc76d3",
            "input": "Article: Polar bears are born in dens on land and their mother stays with them for the whole winter without eating anything. The mother and the babies come out from the dens around March,  _ from a long winter and must immediately go hunting to find food to stay alive. Now, the only hunting they know is to catch seals from floating ice in the open ocean. In March, polar bear mothers and babies have to swim from the land in Spitsbergen to the edge of the polar ice cap. Normally this is a short swim, since in March the polar ice cap is very close to the land, and the polar bears, and even the babies, are good swimmers. However, last year we saw that the polar ice cap had become smaller in size due to global warming.  Swimming hundreds of miles, especially when they are hungry and have babies following them, is really hard, and many bears are dying because of starvation. The polar bear population in the Spitsbergen area was once threatened by hunters. In the 1970s, a ban on hunting was imposed  and the polar bear population has been steadily increasing from just a few hundred to about 2,000 to 3,000. This was a great success story. However, now, because of global warming, the population is again in danger. If we do not stop making so much carbon dioxide, we will lose these beautiful animals forever.    The polar bears are just one example of animals that have become endangered because of man's appetite for energy obtained by burning fossil fuels. All life on earth could be in danger unless we change our ways. What can we do? To reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the air we must save and make energy without burning coal and oil. Instead, we can use the sun or the wind to generate electricity. We must also cut down on needless driving and turn off things that use electricity when we are not using them. In addition, we have to stop cutting down forests and start planting more trees. \n Answer: To catch seals for food.",
            "output": [
                "Why do the bears swim to the edge of the polar ice cap?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4cfeb4bd63c44f8da1e60ff39ec55fa4",
            "input": "Article: There's nothing like a good night's sleep -- but what does that really mean? It turns out that the answer depends not only on your age, but also on your lifestyle. Some people are productive and happy with fewer hours of sleep, while others need more. Still, experts can determine guidelines that work for most people. The National Sleep Foundation researched the topic and gave new recommendations this week. The foundation acknowledges that sleep needs will vary -- lifestyle and stress should be taken into consideration -- but their recommendations offer a general guideline. For example, teenagers (14 --17 years old) need 8--10 hours' sleep every day. To create the recommendations, some sleep and medical experts reviewed 312 articles from journals published during the last decade. This is the first time that any professional organization has developed age-specific recommended sleep durations based on a systematic review of the world scientific literature. A lack of sleep can be linked to weight gain, because that causes an increase in appetite, according to the foundation. It can also have serious consequences on the brain. People who do not get enough sleep are at increased risk for depression, and can endanger others. Those that become sleepy while driving, for example, risk both their lives and the lives of those around them. Researchers also have found in the past that too much sleep can have negative effects. Low socioeconomic status and depression reportedly are significantly associated with longer sleep. However, experts nowadays find that research on oversleeping is still unconvincing and needs more attention. Currently, there is no strong evidence that sleeping too much has health consequences. There is, however, laboratory evidence that short sleep durations of four to five hours have negative consequences. We need similar laboratory studies to determine whether long sleep durations result in physiological changes that could lead to disease before we make any recommendations against sleep extension. \n Answer: The time you need for sleep is related to your state of mind.",
            "output": [
                "Which is TRUE about sleeping time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-117a8f43a87e466daf5ce6ff7cec215f",
            "input": "Article: Sydney is one of the world's biggest cities and has something for everyone when he comes to shopping.You will find excellent Australian products alongside the best that the world has to offer.At the bottom of Sydney Tower, you can shop in 160 of Sydney's favorite stores including 16 jewellery stores and many gift and fashion shops.They're all at Westfield Centrepoint. Tel:9231 9300 SOVEREIGN HILL This prizewinning living museum is where Australia's history comes alive!Visit daily or stay for the night and experience life of the Gold Rush days.A wonderful nightly sound and light show,\"Blood on the Southern Cross\"tells the story of the famous Eureka Uprising.Enjoy shopping along with real life character and entertainment,4star hotel and breakfast. Tel:5331 1944 ANCHORAGE RESTAURANT Come and enjoy our delicious Cantonese seafood right on the water's edge in the historic fishing port of Williamstown with views of the city centre across Port Phillip Bay. Open 7 days a week Lunch:Sunday to Friday 11:00 a.m.2:00 p.m. Dinner:Monday to Saturday 5:00 p.m.10:00 p.m. Tel:9397 6270 or 9397 7799 COOK'S COTTAGE Built by James and Grace Cook,parents of Captain James Cook,Cook's Cottage stands proudly in the Fitzroy Gardens as a reminder of life in the eighteenth century,and as a celebration and commemoration of the life and travels of Captain James Cook. Open 9:00 a.m.5:00 p.m. daily, and until 5:30 pm during the summer. Tel:9419 4677 \n Answer: Sovereign Hill.",
            "output": [
                "Where can you spend the night in a tour?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-65f9affb833547c6a9f180d36742eb02",
            "input": "Article: A victim of climate change A polar bear's dead body found on the Arctic island of Svalbard, the northernmost part of Norway, has shocked experts who say climate change may be to blame for the death. The starved polar bear in Norway was said to be in good bones by the time a group of explorers came across its body in July. The bear is thought to have been heading north in a desperate search for sea ice that would allow it to hunt for seals.\"From his lying position in death, the bear appears to simply have starved to health in April when the Norwegian Polar Institute examined and labeled it. However, the animal was reduced to skin and bones and died where he dropped,\" polar bear expert Dr. Ian Stirling, a professor at the University of Alberta said, \"He had external suggestion of any remaining fat, having been reduced to little more than skin and bone.\" Stirling believes the bear starved to death as a result of a lack of sea ice which the animals use as a platform for hunting seals. That may also explain why the 16-year-old male bear was found about 155 miles north of where it was seen in April. Arctic sea ice reached a record low in 2012, according to a report released this week by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that pointed to continued signs of climate change. The International Union for Conservation of Nature currently classifies polar bears as _ e on its Red List of Threatened Species. \n Answer: By his lying position in death.",
            "output": [
                "How did Stirling know the reason for the death of the polar bear?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-22a7cb2717f74cd3a918ba5c94ee387a",
            "input": "Article: How to Get What I Want? There's an expression: \"What you see is what you get.\" My grandfather used to say: \"If you looked at a tree long enough, it will move.\" We see what we want to see. Psychologists tell us that nothing controls our lives more than our self-image. We live like the person we see in the mirror. We are what we think we are. If you don't think you'll be successful, you won't. You can't be it if you can't see it. Your life is limited to your vision. If you want to change your life, you must change your vision of your life. Arnold Schwarzenegger was not that famous in 1976 when he met with a newspaper reporter. The reporter asked Schwarzenegger: \"Now that you've retired from bodybuilding, what do you plan to do next?\" Schwarzenegger answered very calmly and confidently: \"I'm going to be the No. 1 movie star in Hollywood.\" The reporter was shocked and amused at Schwarzenegger's plan. At that time, it was very hard to imagine how this muscle-bound bodybuilder, who was not a professional actor and who spoke poor English with a strong Austrian accent, could ever hope to be Hollywood's No. 1 movie star! So when the reporter asked Schwarzenegger how he planned to make his dream come true, Schwarzenegger said: \"I'll do it the same way I became the No. 1 bodybuilder in the world. What I do was create a vision of who I want to be, and then I start living like that person in my mind as if it were already true.\" Sounds almost childishly simple, doesn't it? But I worked! Schwarzenegger became the No. 1 highest paid movie star in Hollywood. Remember: \"If you can see it, you can be it.\" There's a successful businessman who often wears a shirt with these words on it: \" _ ! \" you only get one life to live, so why not live the best life possible? So you can be fully satisfied at what you see and get. \n Answer: He was a man working on bodybuilding.",
            "output": [
                "What did Arnold Schwarzenegger do before he became a Hollywood star?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b8068e81b3d54b309057ea799a7aabf5",
            "input": "Article: Liu Jiaoyang,16,carefully winds a bobbin  with thread, places it on her sewing machine and then presses her foot down to begin sewing. While she's doing this,she pretends to guide cloth through the machine.      Each Tuesday afternoon,after the bell rings for the fourth period, Liu becomes a fashion designer. At the same time,the rest of the students at the High School Attached to Yunnan Normal University in Kunming are also having classes a little bit different from the usual ones. Some students dance,others create robots,and still others review films. These are just a few of the 28 elective courses the school began to offer last month. \"The fashion design class has become the bright point of my week. I learn how to choose color1s and cloth as well as sewing and sketching  skills. It's all helping me to realize the dream of becoming a fashion designer I've had since I was a little girl,\" Liu said.      Design is Liu' s passion,but for other students the electives are more an opportunity to take a fun course that relieves the pressures of schoolwork. Some students,for example,are learning how to play bridge.     Chen Xiejiao,15,is one of them. \"Many people think that playing a card game like this in class is a waste of time. But in fact,bridge is a very challenging game that helps develop memory and math skills,\" she said.      Li Ke,15, is studying robotics. \"I hope to have built and designed my own robot by the end of the semester. It will be able to complete a task,like moving a bail from one place to another,\" he said . \n Answer: Our Time to Choose.",
            "output": [
                "Which do you think is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fd193487c9054f22848e37d25221fb80",
            "input": "Article: A new study, conducted by British company Mindlab International, has found that listening to music at work increases accuracy and speed,The Telegraphreported. Perhaps, some parents disagree with this idea, saying, \"Switch off the music and concentrate!\" Well, if that's the case with your parents, you might now be able to convince them that you have science on your side. The company gave 26 participants a series of different tasks for five days in a row, including spell checking, mathematical word problems, data entry, and abstract reasoning. The participants completed these tasks while listening to music or no music at all. The results showed that while music was playing, 88% of participants produced their most accurate test results and 81% completed their fastest work. David Lewis, chairman of Mindlab International, toldThe Telegraph, \"Music is a very powerful management tool if you want to increase not only the efficiency of your workforce but also their emotional state... _ are going to become more positive about the work.\" However, you may have a list of your favorite songs, but not all kinds of music match all homework. For maths or other subjects involving numbers or attention to detail, you should listen to classical music, the study found. In the study, pop music enabled participants to complete their tasks 58% faster than when listening to no music at all. If you are reviewing your English writing, pop music is the best choice, as it is the best kind for spell checking. It cut mistakes by 14%, compared to listening to no music. After finishing your homework, do you often take time to check your answers? Maybe, some dance music is suitable for you. \n Answer: Music helps us to learn",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0c17c1b60eab4716ada5d23b6bf37a6d",
            "input": "Article: Years ago people could hardly accept the ideas of a woman's being a doctor.In order to get into medical school in 1847,Elizabeth Blackwell was asked to keep it a secret that she was a woman.This was _ to her beliefs,and she refused to do it.After entering medical school,Elizabeth often had to summon  all her courage to free the unkindness of teachers and classmates.By her great efforts,she was able to complete her studies.Many people came to her graduation just to have a look at a woman doctor.Doctor Blackwell soon found that most people were not as ready as to go to a woman doctor.She had to struggle to make a living.Then came the great day when she was offered a job as a doctor in a hospital.She did so well that she was asked to organize a new hospital and medical college.The United States can now be proud of thousands of women doctors. \n Answer: Unfairly.",
            "output": [
                "How do you think Elizabeth was treated in the medical school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-34caf34b1505473da2a35de5eccd3c40",
            "input": "Article: When his wife died, one baby was two. They had six other children, three boys and three girls, ranging in age from 4 to 16. A few days after he became a  _ the man's parents and his past wife's parents came to visit the family. ''We've been talking' they said,'' about how to take care of all these children and work to make a living. So, we've arranged for each child to be placed with a different uncle or aunt. We're making sure that here in the neighborhood, so you can see them at any time'' ''you have no idea how much I appreciate your thoughtfulness.' The man said .''But I want you to know,'' he smiled and continued, '' if the children affect my work or if we should need any help, we'll let you know.''   Over the next few weeks, the man worked with his children, assigning them small work and giving them responsibilities. But then another misfortune happened. The man got a disease-- arthritis. His hands swelled, and he was unable to catch the handles of his farm tools. The children did their work well, but the man could see that he would not be able to continue the work on his farm, He sold his farming equipment, moved the family to a small town, and opened a small business, The family was welcomed into the new neighborhood. The man's business flourished soon. He got pleasure from seeing people and serving them. Word of his pleasant personality and good customer service began to spread in the town. People came from far and wide to do business with him, and the children helped both at home and at work, Their father's pleasure in his work brought courage to them and the father got pleasure from their success.  The children grew up and got married. Five of the seven went to college and then they were married. Each one paid his or her own way. The children's success in school was a source of pride to the father, as he had stopped at the sixth grade .Then came grandchildren .No one enjoyed grandchildren more than this man. As they became older, he invited them to his workplace and his small home .They brought each other great joy finally, the youngest daughter, the baby, who had been two years old at her mother's death, got married. And the man, his life's work completed, died. This man's work had been the lonely but joyful task of raising his family. This man was my father. I was the 16-year-old one, the oldest of the seven. \n Answer: The father's business flourished because of low prices.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1b05deb8106c482f9a73444fe8ffc75e",
            "input": "Article: Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannot write well. The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have to pass a writing test before they can finish high school. They pointed out that major college entrance tests are changing now to include a writing part. Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amount of time needed to read through large amounts of work. So some companies have developed computer programs. These can grade student writing much more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost less to carry out by computer than paper-and-pencil. These computer systems are known as e-readers. They use artificial   intelligence to think in a way like teachers. In the state of Indiana, computer grading of a statewide writing test began with a test of the system itself. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officials say there was almost no difference between the computer grades and those given by the human readers. The entrance test commonly used by business schools, the GMAT, already uses e-readers. The GRE and TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding. The GRE is the Graduate Record Examination. TOEFL is the Test of English as a Foreign Language. Systems are also being used to grade writing in college classes. The computers read a few hundred examples of student writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writings against those already examined. How do teachers feel all about this? Many say machines can never do the job as well as people can. A computer can find spelling and grammar mistakes. But these teachers say it can never really understand what a writer is trying to say. Critics say a program cannot follow a thought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea. But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the same way. They also say the systems are meant to judge knowledge more than creativity. \n Answer: They think that computers cannot grade writing as well as people.",
            "output": [
                "What do the teachers think of the computer system?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e0ea3bcdbbea44afa5aa4edb4150b5df",
            "input": "Article: A small town in southwest Britain is banning  plastic bags in an attempt to help the environment and cut waste--a step that environmentalists believe is a first for Europe. Shopkeepers in Modbury population 1500,agreed to stop handing out _ plastic bags to customers on Saturday.They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead. Last month,San Franciso became the first U.S. city to ban plastic grocery bags.Internationally,laws to discourage the use of plastic bags have been passed in parts of South Africa and Ireland,where governments either tax shoppers who use them or fine companies that hand them out.Bangladesh already bans them,and so do at least 30 remote Alaskan villages. Modbury,about 225 miles southwest of London,has also declared a bag amnesty ,allowing local people to hand in plastic bags that have piled up at home.They will be sent for traveling. The Modbury ban was the idea of Rebecca Hosking,who saw the effect of bags on marine life while working in the Pacific as a wildlife camerawoman.She said response  in the town so far had been \"really positive\". \"Modbury is quite an old-fashioned town and a lot of people have wicker baskets to go out shopping anyway,\"Hosking told Sky News Television. The Worldwatch Institute,an environmental research agency,states that 100 billion plastic bags are thrown away each year in the United States alone.More than 500 billion are used yearly around the world. \n Answer: A photographer.",
            "output": [
                "What was Rebecca Hosking?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f293b345cc614027b8424b99895f6163",
            "input": "Article: For all the dinner table, a glass of milk seems to be a constant, at least it was when I was growing up. It was widely believed that milk was integral in building strong bones and teeth. There's no doubt that dairy products  , and milk in particular, are high in protein and calcium, and most milk products are supplemented with Vitamin D and A. While it's well known that our bones need calcium, some studies suggest that high calcium intake doesn't necessarily lower a person's risk for fractures  . A Harvard study found that people who drank two or more glasses of milk had no greater protection from breaking a bone than those who drank a glass or less a week.  There's no doubt that we need calcium. Some anti-dairy supporters claim that dairy can lead to heart disease. Much of this claim is based on high fat and high dairy products, like cheeses and creams, which may indeed contribute to cardiovascular problems. Some studies have linked high milk intakes with a risk of prostate cancer; this seems to be caused by high-fat dairy products, not dairy in general. Although milk was always regarded as one of the most important thing we need for our bones, yet least promoted, factors involved in strengthening bones. Perhaps we should think of dairy as less like a nutrient and more like a food. If you like it, eat it. If not, find  _ . Because some claims may not be completely true, when I eat a cream, I'm not thinking about calcium, protein, or any such thing I'm thinking delicious. \n Answer: There is no link between them.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE on the milk?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-92c681de6b2348a486758ce97a1eafdb",
            "input": "Article: Running like the wind, roaring like thunder, tigers have long been feared and respected as a king of the animal world. But last week a report said that there are no more than 30 wild tigers left in south China. This was the conclusion of a team of scientists from China's State Forestry Administration and the World Nature Fund. The South China tiger, also known as the Chinese tiger, is native to southern China. In the 1950s, there were over 4,000 tigers found in mountain forests in the country. But due to the destruction of their natural habitat and uncontrolled hunting, it has been pushed on to the list of the world's top ten most endangered species.  Sixty-six of the big cats can be found in the cages of a dozen zoos around China. But they are nothing like their wild cousins. They have lost their natural skills such as hunting and killing. If they were set free they could not look after themselves. \"Breeding has damaged the quality of the species,\" said Pei Enle, deputy director of the Shanghai Zoo.  To reintroduce the species into the wild, the country started a programme to send five to ten young tigers to South Africa. Four of them have already arrived. Progress has been made as two elder tigers have recovered some of their instincts  and can hunt wild animals by themselves at the African base. \"South Africans are very experienced in reintroducing big animals to the wild. The country has very good natural conditions for the tigers to learn in,\" said Lu Jun, office director of the National Wildlife Research and Development Centre. \"We tried in Fujian Province, but it was not successful as there was not a complete eco-chain   and there was a lack of space.\" The tigers should return to China in 2009 when the reservations in Fujian are ready. \n Answer: Because of uncontrolled hunting and destroyed its natural living conditions.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main reason for the South China tiger becoming one of the world's top ten most endangered species?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc986990398440aa92f466b321044824",
            "input": "Article: Developing healthy eating habits starts from childhood, therefore it is important for parents to teach and provide children with a healthy diet. DPHSS administrator of the Bureau of Nutrition Services, Charlie Morris told KUAM News, \"A healthy diet for a child consists of a lot of fruits and vegetables in the diet limiting the amount of simple sugars in the diet and high fat food and highly processed food.\" This means staying away as much as possible from food such as chips, cookies, candies and sugary drinks, as all children need to have meals which involve a well-balanced diet. Community nutritionist Thelma Romoso said, \"The fruit, the vegetable, the grain, the protein, and also the milk, the diary product, so for the fruits it's easy for a mother to go into the two plus three concept of fruits and vegetables or five a day.\" This concept means that there are at least two servings of fruits a day, three servings of vegetables a day which can be served for lunch and dinner. As for protein parents can make a variety of dishes from chicken, beef, fish or even dried beans to pledge the child gets three servings a day. Morris said that the child's hunger level controls how much is eaten and the parent controls what and when the meal is offered, saying, \"Mom needs to ensure that the food offered is good food for the child to eat and throughout the day depending on how active they are, snacks are not a bad thing, so the mom should offer good kinds of snacks.\" When it comes to preparing your child's lunch and snacks for school, make sure to keep in mind that the food you provide should not only be a source of energy but also be nutritionally beneficial such as fresh fruits, and whole grain bread. But parents must be sure to remember that a good nutritional diet must be balanced with physical activity, namely it is important that children get outside and run around and play and get activity in addition to eating a good diet. \n Answer: Choose healthy food and snacks for your child.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author intend to tell us in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2774286f8b514db395836b1913e47cc3",
            "input": "Article: For as long as they can remember Jynne Martin and April Surgent had both dreamed of going to Antarctica.This winter,they each made it to the icy continent as guests of the National Science Foundation(NSF).Bm they didn't go as scientists.Martin is a poet and Surgent is an artist.They went to Antarctica as participants.in the NSF's Artists and Writers program.The NSF is thegovernment agency that funds scientific research in Antarctica.But it also makes it possible for artists,including filmmakers and musicians,to experience Antarctica and contribute their own points of view to our understanding of the continent. The mixing of science and art in Antarctica isn't new.Some of the earliest explorersbrought along painters and photographers.Edward Wilson was a British painter,doctor,and bird expert who journeyed with RobertFalcon Soott on two separate Antamtic expeditionsmore than 100 years ago.Herbert Ponting was a photographer who also accompanied Scott on one of those expeditions.In hundreds of photos,Pontingcaptured the beauty of the continentand recorded the daily lives and heroic struggles of the explorers. Today's scientists write articles forscientificjournals.Unlike theearly explorers'journals,scientific papers can now be very difficult for non-scientists to understand.Writers in Antarctica workto explain the research to the public.Peter Rejcek is editor,writer,and photographer for the Antarctic Sun,an onlinemagazine devoted to news about the U.S.Antarctic Program.Rejeck began his career in the Antarctic in 2003 by spending a year at the South Pole.He has returned everyyear since,interviewing,scientists about research at Palmer,McMurdo,and South Pole stations. There are also scientists in Antarctica who work hardto explain their research to the public.Scientist Diane McKnight wrote The Lost Seal,a children's book that explains the research she and others are doing in an unusual ice-free area in Antarctica called the Dry Valleys. Antarctica is full of stories and wonders that are scientific,historic.and personal. People such as Martin,Surgent,Rejcek,and McKnight are devoted to bringing those storiesto asmany peopleare they can.\"Some people are going to be scientists,some people are goingto be journalists,some people are going to be artists,but we can all work together,'saysSurgent,\"tocelebrate,thisextraordinary place.\" \n Answer: It is a government agency.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the NSF?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0f0f22705acc4a6fad79401da09433e8",
            "input": "Article: Speak confidently and think logically. Year 13 schoolboy Arunabh Prakash can't agree more. Anmabh is one of the five students that will represent New Zealand at the 26th World Schools Debating Championships (WSDC) to be held in Thailand from August 5 to l5 this year. \"You've got to be persuasive, regardless of the fact that you believe in a topic or not,\" says the 17-year-old. \"There are a lot of speakers who are eloquent   but find it difficult to think logically and then there are those who have a good argument but can't deliver.\" Endurance   is another quality he says one must have in the heated arena   of expressing opinions and ideas. \"There are times when you have to debate for five hours at a go and are completely exhausted. It's quite intense. You must have the energy to debate for long hours,\" says Arunabh, who began debating in year 10. The WSDC is a debating competition in the world for high school students from different countries. It involves four prepared debates and four impromptu debates -- debates without specific preparations. To gain selection for the national team for the global final, Arunabh had to compete with regional teams. Despite the mounting pressure, he says he was confident of winning. \"We didn't loose a debate in the first two days. And we had a very strong team. We were confident of our ability to win,\" he says. \n Answer: He is on his country's national debating team.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about Arunabh from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ba75b6473d5249f3a06701b8fbea7970",
            "input": "Article: Apparently,we are safe neither at home nor in the business office.We use water in both places,but the research shows that chemicals added to our local water supply to kill harmful bacteria can have unwanted side effects.These chemicals can cause potential harm through drinking and in seemingly harmless activities as cleaning one's house.They are released(set free)from water by daily actions like water running out of tap,spraying from garden pipes,or splashing in dishwashers and washing machines.As the water is moving.these chemicals are released into the air and then breathed in. Once inside our bodies, they start to affect our health. Does this mean we should stop bathing? No, say the scientists, but _ . Activities at home such as the burning of coal, cooking oil, or even candles release carbon monoxide and particulates such as cigarette ashes which have been proven as harmful to health as working or living near heavy traffic. New tugs, bedding, and even clothing give off that\"new smell, \"which is a sure sign of chemicals. In the office, newly applied paint, newly purchased telephones and other telecommunications equipment, and computers release polluting chemicals, too. As offices and homes often have inadequate ventilation  , these chemicals can build up to become health problems. Their poisonous effects are only now being slowly recognized. These facts suggest that, at a minimum, proper airing of newly purchased goods with an obvious chemical smell is a wise warning. Home and office windows should be opened during good weather. Even one's car needs to be ventilated as well while in the garage. We need further research to understand better other potential health dangers, too. For example, the effects of overcrowding of schools (carbon dioxide build-up ), the factory work environment ( an endless list of potentially dangerous substances ), and even home heating and cooling (the air conditioner may be our enemies, not our friends) have only recently started to come to light. Until we understand the effects of our new technological environment better, we can only hope that\"there is no place like home.\" \n Answer: To argue that neither homes nor offices are safe.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dd3d4b7ee0094c32a5555106e6b26ca7",
            "input": "Article: Last year more than 13 Korean   TV series were introduced in China. Turn on the TV, and Korean beauties are appearing during peak viewing times . Some of the dramas are being _ , but audiences continue to watch them. Why are the South Korean TV series loved by so many Chinese people? Cheng Yiting, a student from East China Normal University, gives us her reasons. She thinks that the good-looking actors with cool clothes and the beautiful sight in the dramas are the selling points for South Korean TV dramas. But what attracted the young audiences most is the pure and moving love stories. And it seems that South Korean TV series has also won the hearts of middle-aged people. They are touched by the morals in the shows. These include the importance of respecting elders and social order. Though some people think South Korean TV series are too slow and too long, most of the Chinese audiences like them. Maybe we are really tired of Western TV series. Compared with that, South Korean TV series are not bad. \n Answer: The youth self-respect",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT mentioned about South Korean TV series in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-591702870713470f8d2b73a81a84dc4e",
            "input": "Article: Your computer has been playing music for years, one CD at a time. Now hundreds of songs can be stored in your PC (personal computer) if they're in the MP3 format. What is it? MP3 compresses music into small computer friendly files. You access MP3 music several ways : Music can be downloaded from websites that have converted vast music libraries into MP3. Or you can prerecord CDs into your PC and convert songs in minutes into MP3. Once MP3 music is on your PC's hard drive, you can play it through your computer's speakers, \" _ \" it onto blank CDs or exchange MP3 files with friends using E-mail. How much? Software needed to play and convert MP3 music is often free. It comes preinstalled on most new computers or can be downloaded from many websites, including MP3. com. Some MP3 sites are free. Just type \"MP3 sites\" into any search engine. The popular MP3 players start at around $50and can hold hundreds of songs. A blank CD on which you can record music costs about a dollar. Advantages MP3 turns your home PC into a tape recorder. Tiny MP3 players are the size of a card, making it easy to take hundreds of songs with you. Disadvantages You may find that music at many sites is limited. And some only allow you to listen rather than download offerings. Others let you download music that then can't be copied to MP3 players. And a growing number of new CDs make it impossible to copy songs to a computer. \n Answer: By downloading from websites which have converted music libraries into MP3.",
            "output": [
                "How can you get MP3 music?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9970a29f46624e5ba74f35cc0280e6ec",
            "input": "Article: Teachers' Day is, interestingly, not celebrated on the same day all over the world. In some countries it is marked by a holiday, in others it is a working day. International Teachers' Day is celebrated on October 5. Being held ever since 1994, it is in honor of teachers' organizations worldwide. Its aim is to encourage supports for teachers and to meet the needs of students. China--In 1939, Teachers' Day was set for August 27, Confucius' birthday. In1951, the celebration was stopped. However, it was founded again in 1985, and the day was changed to September 10. India--Teachers' Day is celebrated on September 5 in honour of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the second president of India, whose birthday falls on that day. Russia--In Russia, Teachers' Day was celebrated on the first Sunday of October between 1965 and 1994. Since 1994, the day is _ on October 5, just the same day as World Teachers' Day. The US--In the US, Teachers' Day is non-official holiday. It is celebrated on the Tuesday of the first full week of May. A number of activities are organized in schools to honor teachers. The celebrations can continue for the whole week of May. Thailand--In Thailand, National Teachers' Day is celebrated every year on January 16. The first Teachers' Day was held in 1957. The day is a holiday in schools. \n Answer: Russia.",
            "output": [
                "What country celebrates Teachers' Day in October?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b4bc2c651b024c1d8129c57ad2a36707",
            "input": "Article: Life is not easy in senior high school. You've got the pressure of studies and exams. From time to time, you may feel depressed and frustrated. When depression strikes, you have to take measures to fight it. One of the strangest ways to fight depression is to eat salt, scientists have found. Salt acts as a natural anti-depressant  , researchers say. While too much can lead to high blood pressure and heart disease, not enough can cause \"psychological  depressions\", a study has reported. The study, by researchers at the University of Iowa in the US, discovered that when rats are _ in salt, they don't do activities they normally enjoy. The recommended daily salt intake for an adult is four grams, although experts say the body needs only half as much. However, most adults in the developed world consume around ten grams a day, mainly because their diets contain high salt amounts. Today, 77 percent of US salt intake comes from processed and restaurant foods, like frozen dinners and fast food. The minerals in salt are required by the body--in small quantities--to help move liquid in and out of cells. But too much can cause diseases, for example high blood pressure. Today scientists are finding that salt is an addictive substance--almost like a drug. One sign of addiction is using a substance even when it's known to be harmful. Many people are told to eat less salt due to health concerns, but they have trouble doing so because they like the taste and find low-salt foods tasteless. Humans have a long history of eating salt. In the Stone Age, people didn't need to find salt, because they hunted most of their food, and ate a lot of red meat, which has plenty of salt in it. But when people began to farm, about 10,000 BC, they started to eat mainly grains like rice and wheat, and very little meat. Then they had to find another way to get salt. \n Answer: Taking more than 4 grams of salt a day can be harmful for an adult's health.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2281bd450a3f49ca9e9e98ce24dce1e1",
            "input": "Article: TUVALU, a tiny country in the Pacific Ocean, has asked for help as it will be swallowed up by the sea.        Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu's nine little islands is more than five meters above sea level.Salt water is already entering the country's drinking water supply, as well as damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetables.Without urgent help, the country's days are numbered.        But Tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea.Venice, a historic city in Italy best known for its canals, has sunk about 24cm over the past 100 years.Experts say that it will have sunk another 20-50cm by 2050.A century ago, St.Mark's Square, the lowest point city, flooded about nine times a year.Nowadays, it happens more than 100 times.While Venice is slowly sinking into the mud on which it stands, global warming causes Tuvalu's rising sea level.        The average global temperature has increased by almost 0.5 centigrade degrees over the past century; scientists expect it rise by extra 1-3 degrees over the next 100 years.        Warmer weather makes glaciers  melt, and adds more water to the ocean.The warmer temperatures also make water expand, so it takes up more space, causing the sea level to rise.The sea level has risen about 10-25 cm in the last 100 years.        The main cause of global warming is human pollution.Through burning coal, oil and gas, people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as CO2.This adds to the power of the greenhouse effect, making the planet even warmer.       Many scientists believe that, if the warming is not stopped, there will be huge climate changes.The sea level could rise by one meter this century.        Should this come true, the sea would swallow up millions of homes and the world will be flooded with \"climate refugees\" looking for somewhere to live. \n Answer: Rare animals moving from place to place for climate changes.",
            "output": [
                "What does \"climate refugees\" mean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b1dae4f87814c038eb959392634a6cf",
            "input": "Article: Dad had a green comb  .He bought it when he married Mum. Every night,he would hand me his comb and say. \"Good girl, help Daddy clean it, OK?\" I was pleased to do it. At age five, this dull  task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap  on and brush the comb carefully. Satisfied that I'd done a good job. I would happily return the comb to Dad. He would smile affectionately  at me and place the comb on his wallet. Two years later. Dad started his own business, which wasn't doing so well. That was when things started to change. Dad didn't come home as early and as much as he used to. Mum and I became mad with him for placing our family in trouble. With time, an uncomfortable silence grew between us. After my graduation, Dad's business was getting back on track. On my 28th birthday. Dad came home early. As usual I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he said,\" Hey, would you help me clean my comb?\" I looked at him a while,then took the comb and headed to the sink. It hit me then: why, as a child, helping Dad clean his comb was such a pleasure. That routine   meant Dad was home early to spend the evening with Mum and me. It meant a happy and loving family. I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He smiled at me and carefully placed his comb on his wallet. But this time, I noticed something different. Dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before, the smile of a father who just wanted a good life for his family. \n Answer: Because she knew her father would praise her.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the author pleased to clean the comb?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e60f94e2d7e8434b904fcca43b2e5baf",
            "input": "Article: Many articles have appeared in recent years, claiming that there are no more heroes in the world. The authors says that the young now refuse to admire anyone and that we are living in a world too well informed, too curious showing us the faults of the public figures who could become today's stars, until we lose faith and start looking for defects in any person who seems worthy of respect.  Is it true that we know too much? Were our ancestors lucky to be only partly informed? Those who read the first biographies of George Washington, Joan of Arc, or other great men and women of the past were not told that their hero had bad breath or disliked his mother; they only found a description of his great accomplishments and their admiration was strengthened. In fact, early biographers didn't hesitate to make up an admirable story or two about their hero. The man who wrote the first biography of Washington, for instance, invented the cherry tree; he admitted later that there was no truth in it, but he said that it would give young men a good example to follow. His readers didn't seem to object; the book was reprinted eighty times--a great success in those days. Modern biographers do not invent such stories; they respect the facts, as indeed they should. But we pay a price for their truthfulness, for in their efforts to show \"the whole person,\" they tell us more than we really need to know about private lives, family secrets, and human weakness. The true greatness of a fine man is often forgotten in the display; and people lose not only their admiration for him, but their willingness to trust any other \"star\" completely. It may be difficult to be a hero in the world these days, under the searching eyes of the society. But surely excellence has not disappeared completely; there are still individuals who are superior to their fellow men by their wisdom, their courage, or their character. They can be heroes if people are willing to ignore their human imperfection and to admit the respect that their admirable qualities inspire. Heroes are needed everywhere, at any time. It's a sad sky that has no shining stars. \n Answer: Because they rush to find faults with any person.",
            "output": [
                "Why do the young now refuse to admire anyone?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cf4f47225f43483d92288c62ccd29761",
            "input": "Article: It's not all kangaroos down there    People just naturally associate kangaroo, koala and fine beaches withprefix = st1 /Australia. Yes, you can find many fine sand beaches, white or brown, to enjoy the sunshine and seaside breeze. However, in Queensland, the eastern state ofAustralia, a night beach tour at this time of the year may bring you a more exciting sight of the miracle of life: You can watch hatching baby turtles making their first steps in a natural environment.    On Mon Repos beach, about 14 kilometres east of city of Bundaberg in Queensland,Australia, liesMonReposConservationPark.    By day, Mon Repos beach is a sweeping bay of brown sand, a quiet spot for people to sunbathe, surf and fish.    By night, it's home to the largest concentration of endangered marine turtles on the eastern Australian mainland. And the miracle of egg laying and hatching happens from around mid-October to the end of April every year.    In order not to disturb the turtles,  tourists have to follow the instruction of the guides.    But this may make the tour more like an adventure: Tourist are usually told to huddle   close together, hold hands and walk close to the shoreline in the dark.    At the start of the season (October and November), tourists can view turtle laying their eggs. Turtles first use all four flippers   to dig a body pit   in the sand and then lay eggs in it. It's not uncommon for a turtle to lay more than 100 eggs at a time. And her mission isn't done until she uses her flippers to flick sand and cover the nest.    If you go there at the end of the season (March to April), you can see groups of _ walk down to the water. It is an astonishing sight as the small creatures,barely two minutes old, race instinctively to the sea,    If they survive, the same hatchings will return in 50 years' time to lay eggs on the very beach where they first emerged . \n Answer: It's quite dangerous for the tourist to watch the turtles at night by the seashore.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOTtrue according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fb587d4b6e0e45f0a351fa42acc25f3c",
            "input": "Article: The speed of light is often called a\"constant \". New experiments show that may not be true, even within a vacuum. Sometimes, light slows a bit. The new research is\"very impressive work\", Robert Boyd toldScienceNews.An optical physicist at the University of Rochester in New York, he did not work on the study. He speaks of the new finding:\"It's the sort of thing that's so obvious; you wonder why you didn't think of it first.\" Light travels as particles and as waves. Photons are the name given to those particles that represent the smallest possible amount of light. At their fastest, photons travel nearly 300 million meters (almost 1 billion feet) in a single second. That's fast enough to get to the moon and back in about 2.6 seconds. Scientists had long known, though, that they could slow light photons down by shining them through a material such as glass or water. Still, light moving through a vacuum has usually been assumed to move at a peak speed. That would seem to make sense. After all, a vacuum is a space with nothing in it to slow light down. In a new study, however, scientists show that even racing through a vacuum, light can slow. So the speed of light is more of a universal speed limit than an   rule for how fast photons travel, the new data suggest. Miles Padgett led the new study. As an optical physicist, he works at the University of Glasgow in Scotland. He and his colleagues showed that the key to slowing light is to change the shape of a light wave. Padgett described how they did this in a paper published online January 22 inScience. His team raced a pair of photons. One traveled unchanged through a cable made from optical fibers. The other passed through a pair of devices that acted like lenses. A lens changes light: It can focus a spread-out beam of light on a point, for instance. The second photon passed through one device that changed the shape of its waveand another that changed it back to its original form. The first photon won the race. The second photon came in a tiny bit later, several quadrillionths  of a second late for every meter of the race. The difference wasn't huge, but it was enough to measure. Most technology would not pick up such a small change, but it could be important to scientists who study short pulses of light. \"I'm not surprised the effect exists,\"Boyd toldScienceNews.\"But it's surprising that the effect is so large and strong.\" \n Answer: Light photons can't travel through lenses easily.",
            "output": [
                "What does the study led by Miles Padgett mainly suggest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1b32358b414f470c95f4776f6d5d3b40",
            "input": "Article: It was not yet eleven o'clock when a boat crossed the river with a single passenger who had obtained his transportation at that unusual hour by promising an extra fare. While the youth stood on the landing-place searching in his pockets for money, the ferryman lifted a lantern, by the aid of which, together with the newly risen moon, he took a very accurate survey of the stranger's figure. He was a young man of barely eighteen years, evidently country bred , and now, as it seemed, on his first visit to town. He was wearing a rough gray coat, which was in good shape, but which had seen many winters before this one. The garments under his coat were well constructed of leather, and fitted tightly to a pair of muscular legs; his stockings of blue yarn must have been the work of a mother or sister, and on his head was a three-cornered hat, which in its better days had sheltered the grayer head of the lad's father. In his left hand was a walking stick, and his equipment was completed by a leather bag not so abundantly stocked as to inconvenience the strong shoulders on which it hung. Brown, curly hair, well-shaped-features, bright, cheerful eyes were nature's gifts, and worth all that art could have done for his adornment . The youth, whose name was Robin, paid the boatman, and then walked forward into the town with a light step, as if he had not already traveled more than thirty miles that day. As he walked, he surveyed his surroundings as eagerly as if he were entering London or Madrid, instead of the little metropolis of a New England colony. \n Answer: Winter.",
            "output": [
                "What time of the year was it in this story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-33ad25f64f0c4cef8946954fad22e9cb",
            "input": "Article: As young Chinese increasingly forget how to write characters because they don't have to, using keyboards and touch screen technology on mobile phones is changing the trend.     For Yin Liang, a 26-year-old purchasing agent at a company, his embarrassment over forgetting how to write characters has gradually disappeared since he started to use the handwriting input method on his iPhone 4 a month ago.     \"When you write on the touch screen, you use your finger, instead of a mouse or keyboard,\" Yin says.     \"Actually, your finger is like a pen, writing the complicated characters that have long been spelled by pinyin, an alphabet-based input system. Whether typing on computers or texting on phones, most users in China type by phonetically  spelling out the sounds of the characters and the software then gives a menu of characters that fit the pronunciation, so users only need to recognize the character. Handwriting technology on a mobile phone touch screen has been around for years and became popular with the iPhone, which recognizes the input and offers a wide selection of characters. \"It's efficient and accurate,\" Yin says.     Chinese characters are the oldest continuously used system of writing in the world, but as pinyin-based typing has become more widespread, youths have started forgetting how to write out characters. This was one of the main topics for debate at the first Cross-Straits Chinese Character Art Festival, held recently in Beijing, which attracted experts from Taiwan and the mainland.     According to Zhang Zikang, president of the Culture and Art Publishing House, writing with a pen on the touch screen brings handwriting into the digital age. It is even better when you write with your finger, feeling the flow of the cursive script and the grace and art of Chinese characters, he says. \"Smart gadgets don't take life from the square-shaped characters, instead they offer a new and advanced platform to show the charm of Chinese characters, which are always evolving,\" Zhang says. \n Answer: Taking pictures.",
            "output": [
                "Which way is not mentioned in the passage to input characters on the phone?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-666b9d69e5ee4d81ad4e796dfd717699",
            "input": "Article: To get to the tennis court, Conner Stroud has to push his wheelchair there. The 15-yea-old from North Carolina, US was born without legs. But when he picks up his racquet  and begins to hit a ball, you quickly see that the young man just want to win. Stroud began playing tennis at age 5 at the small tennis club his parents own. For years, he played against able-bodied players by putting rubber on the stumps   of his legs. Though he was a foot (30.48cm) or two shorter than many of the players he played against, he won a number of matches. He became well-known enough that he got to meet Rafael Nadal, his favorite player at the US Open in 2013. \"The most important thing is that he's happy,\" Nadal told reports about Stroud after that 15-minute meeting. \"He's playing tennis... That's a great example of being happy even if life doesn't give you everything.\" Stroud started playing wheelchair tennis at 13 and now he is No 1 in the US. Earlier this summer, he played for the US in the world's biggest junior wheelchair team tennis event --- the World Team Cup. He played six matches and won five of them as the US won the cup for the first time since 2000. \"He is a polite boy , but he will rip your heart out trying to beat you,\" Jason Harnett, a United States Tennis Association coach, said of Stroud. \"You see that attitude in a lot of the best players, whether they are able-bodied or disabled. Teenage players can often get disappointed and angry. Racquets sometimes get thrown. Players shout at themselves after missed shots. Stroud never does that. \" I just try to stay positive,\" Stroud said. \"After every point, I try to say I'm going to win the next point, or the next game, or the next game, or the  whole match. \" There's always room to be positive . You can always win another time.\" \n Answer: He was born disabled , yet he plays tennis well.",
            "output": [
                "How is Conner Stroud different from other tennis players?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-665f2434a67145f5b6a1352c6c9d905c",
            "input": "Article: A recent trend  in Californian restaurants shows new eating habits among those people out to have an interesting dining experience. Appetizers seem to be the name of the games as diners turn away from the more traditional three-course meal in favor of smaller snacks served in various types of restaurants, bars and cafes. In this way, in the course of an evening out, you might go to a restaurant for a tasty dish to eat at one end of town, to a bar with some live music at the other end, then for a coffee, and finally back to the restaurant for a further appetizer. Reasons for this trend are the fact that so many different types of restaurants have been set up recently, each with their own particular type of food and special atmosphere, together with the increased specialty in the type of snacks being offered. Gone are the cheese sticks of the old days, when appetizers were not really taken seriously. Some favorite snacks of the moment are slices of hot pizza, creamy fish-based dishes and crispy cakes and so on. Prices for appetizers are not equal to a full meal; however, their new popularity has meant that they are by no means as cheap as they used to be. Certainly, for that special occasion, a meal in a nice restaurant, complete with the piano performance, is hard to beat. However, if we see this trend for \"butterfly eating\"---moving around several different places in one evening continues, then all the traditional style restaurants may well have to provide their own appetizer bars as well! \n Answer: A full restaurant meal is less popular.",
            "output": [
                "How are the eating habits of the Californians changing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9c0c35459c6b4e0b8f53b1cd96077d84",
            "input": "Article: Many people would interpret \"the American dream\" as \"living like an American\" --- a two-story house with a white picket fence ; a family with two cars; and two children. However, the current economic situation is affecting the American way of life for 4.4 million people living in the US, according to a new census  data. \"It's going to have a long-term impact and to say it's going to end is optimitic,\" says Cheryl Russell, former editor-in-chief of American Demographics magazine. \"We're just in the middle of a big transition.\" So what is the new normal? *Marrying later. The average age of the first marriage has increased to 28.7 for men and 26.7 for women, up from 27.5 and 25.9 respectively in 2006. *Fewer babies. There were 200,000 fewer births among women aged 20 to 34 in 2010 compared with two years before. This was despite the fact that the number of women of child bearing age had gone up by more than 1 million. *Breaking up is harder. The number of divorces has been falling for 25 years as people wait longer or choose to live together before tying the knot. There were about 65,000 fewer divorces in 2010 than in 2008, a 7 percent decrease. *Crowded living. Unemployment is forcing more people to live together. Ther number of households where people lived with \"other  s\" climbed from 6.7 percent in 2006 to 7.2 percent in 2010. *Going public. Private school enrollment decreased from 13.6 percent in 2006 to 12.8 percent in 2010. *Fewer cars. The percentage of households without a car rose again to 9.1 percent against 8.8 percent in 2006. The percentage of households with two or more cars fell from 58 percent to 57.1 percent. \n Answer: Changes to the American lifestyle.",
            "output": [
                "What is the article mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-afd5ef1d24194f8eaf7b9616c90743a5",
            "input": "Article: To learn an instrument  such as the violin or accordion takes years. The job opportunities for musicians are scarce and competition is fierce. Then why are more people than ever before paying a lot of good cash to get their children the best music teaching they can afford? The secret lies in the influence of music on the whole person. It has been found that learning a musical instrument actually increases a person's IQ over time. Different instruments and different trypes of music have varying effect, with classical music and the string  family coming out on top, potentially increasing you IQ by up to 12 points! When is a good time to start learning music? Experts have found that even the fetus can benefit from listening to classical music. Surround yourself and your family with good music from the first. The Suzuki Piano Method teaches children from the age of 3 years piano, with two lessons per week. From preschool, children can learn to read music and play from sheet music. Progress in learning your instrument is directly proportional to the amount of practicing. Is there such a thing as an unmusical child? Shinichi Suzuki proposes that music is the native home language of all human beings and therefore nobody can be \"unmusical\". Of course there are exceptional talents, compared to which others may seem to be slower learners. Is there any benefit for adults in starting an instrument? Apart from the purely relaxing aspect, yes. Learning an instrument can earn even adults additional IQ points, and as an added benefit in improves your health by reducing your stress levels. Your social life may benefit too, if you are prepared to come out of your box and join occasions such as Ceilidhs (musical get-togethers) or arrange house concerts. It has been established that people who play instruments tend to be more emotionally balanced and more patient with themselves, others and life in general. So go ahead, sign up for that amateur orchestra, dust off your old trombone or take your first real six-string down from the attic ; get out there and play! \n Answer: The violin",
            "output": [
                "Playing which of the following musical instruments can help increase a person's IQ most?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e4b548b93344cb592be557fee4e9ea1",
            "input": "Article: Breakthroughs in science and technology are paving the way for modern cities to support bigger populations. Now, we see the most exciting urban innovations to show you exactly how they'll improve your city's infrastructure . Lighting Up The Night Anthony Di Mari dreamed up an electric tree to help irrigate public parks and light them at night. These electric trees contain a special infill   that collects water from rainfall. The water is then distributed through a shallow underground irrigation system with the help from the trees' swaying movement. An electric motor turns energy from the waving of the artificial trees into electricity, which is used to light up the trees' outer LEDs. Thinking Outside The Box As more people flock to urban areas, city planners will need to get increasingly creative about how to satisfy residents' health and transportation needs within decreasing available space. One way to achieve this is by updating infrastructure to support biking and walking by building suspended  roundabouts like hovering in the Netherlands. By lifting bicycle and pedestrian traffic above busy roadways, cities can significantly decrease over-crowded traffic condition. Waving Hello To Clean Energy Cities that don't receive enough sunlight may find an attractive alternative in wave power. Since ocean waves rarely experience disruption , electric engines driven by their clockwork push-and-pull can reliably provide power throughout the year. Further, thanks to advances in wave power technology, engineers have been able to move wave power engines farther offshore, where the waves pack the most punch, making the engines extremely efficient. So in the future, heavily populated coastal cities may use wave to meet their energy needs. \n Answer: To collect water from rainfall.",
            "output": [
                "What is the special infill used to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-96573c3971fd478c8d71192768310019",
            "input": "Article: Howling is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf pack . As pack animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other. There are different explanations of a wolf's howl and it appears that there may be more to discover. One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together. It's almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together, perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harrington, a professor who studies wolf behavior.     Indeed, there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus, and the next, quarreling among each other. It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may actually be \"punished\" for joining in the chorus at times. So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? --Why do wolves howl for sure? What is clear, however, is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering. Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behavior. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occur in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sort of \"roll call\" where wolves all howl together to report their presence. \n Answer: The sense of belonging to a group.",
            "output": [
                "What is the possible similarity between wolves' howling together and human's singing in chorus?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c9aaee9f50c2454298b09196d68d3c09",
            "input": "Article: When I was about ten years old, I was walking down the street with my mother. She stopped to speak to Mr. Lee. I knew I could see Mr. Lee any time around the neighborhood, so I didn't pay any attention to him. After we passed Mr. Lee, my mother stopped me and said something that has stuck with me from that day until now. She said seriously, \"You let that be the last time you've ever walked by somebody and not opened up your mouth to speak, because even a dog will wag its tail when it passes you on the street.\" Mother's words sound simple, but it's been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am. It's not just something I believe in; it's a way of life. I believe that every person deserves to feel someone acknowledge their presence, no matter how humble   they may be. At work, I always said hello to the founder of the company and ask him how our business was doing. But I also spoke to the people who cleaned the buildings and asked how their children were doing. After a few years of greeting the founder, I had the courage to ask him for a meeting. We had a great talk. At a certain point I asked him how far he thought I could go in his company. He said, \"If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat.\" I've become vice president, but it hasn't changed the way I approach people. I still follow my mother's advice. I speak to everyone I see, no matter where I am. I've learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, and it allows them to come into mine, too. \n Answer: He ignored him.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author do when he met Mr. Lee?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a133d270423a400d9d9af147a7edef94",
            "input": "Article: You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams(1860-1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addans helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson(1907-1964) If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's  lakes and oceans. Sandra Day O'Connor(1930-present) When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator  and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the  U.S. Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks(1913-2005) On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set lff the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. \"The only tired I was, was tired lr giving in,\"said Parks. \n Answer: Her social work.",
            "output": [
                "What is jane Addams noted for in history?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-954a0b8b3786478e8e6b6f250a00a19d",
            "input": "Article: We're always looking for well-written reviews of books, music, movies, television shows, websites, video games and other products. When writing a review, concentrate on exactly what you liked or didn't like. Give examples of strengths and weaknesses, be descriptive and provide background information on an author, director, actor or musician, if possible. Find professional reviews in magazines or newspapers and see how reviewers deal with their topic, but be sure to express your own voice in your review. Grammar Hint for Reviews: When describing a book, movie, album or anything else, use the present tense. Book Reviews Discuss an author's technique, strengths and weaknesses instead of focusing on the plot. Does the story flow? Is there a strong sense of character and place? Did you stay up until dawn to finish it? Is it good reading for teenagers? What influence did it have on you and why? If you've read other books by the same author, discuss how this book compares. Movie Reviews Think of the major Oscar categories and consider the performances, music, lighting and setting, etc. Do these work together? Did some hold up while others didn't? If the movie is based on a book, discuss whether one is better than the other and why. If the movie is a remake, compare the film to its original. Remember that a well-written movie review should discuss strengths and weaknesses. Some readers may not have seen a movie yet, so don't give away an exciting scene or the ending! College Reviews Begin by providing an overview of the college, including location, size and a description of the campus and/or dorm life. Think about all aspects of your college visit. What academic, athletic and after-class programs are available? What are the students like? What makes the college different from others? Every school has strengths and weaknesses. Be objective. Consider what the school has to offer and who might enjoy or benefit the most from attending there. \n Answer: Strengths and weaknesses.",
            "output": [
                "Which aspects should be included in all three reviews?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5e6027aa21794ab88b8569d43b1ed807",
            "input": "Article: When you hear about a man saving his dog from a sinking ship, it's hard not to be moved by the tale of an animal lover's bravery.But the story becomes slightly less heroic when you learn that the man saved his dog before his own wife. But that's apparently what happened when Graham Annie and his wife, Cheryl, found their Yacht  sinking after it hit a rock, while on a voyage from East London to Madagascar.  National Sea Rescue Institute North London station commander Geoff McGregor said all three were wearing life jackets.The 9-year-old Jack Russell terrier named Rosie was wearing a tailored life jacket equipped with a light. \"As the incident happened Graham sent a radio distress call for help and activated the EPIRB (a GPS beacon) but they were immediately forced to abandon ship,\" McGregor said in an interview, \"He first swam Rosie to the shore safely before returning for his wife, whose safety line had caught on the steering gear McGregor added. The couple and their dog all made it out free of injury.Graham, a long-time volunteer with the National Sea Rescue Institute, said, \"it was humbling to have the shoe on the other foot and need to be rescued.\"      Some details have yet to come out.So, it's likely that Cheryl was in a position of   safety and Rosie might have been in a more dangerous position had she been left on the boat. The couple did not want to speak with the media about their rescue.So, for now, it's left to readers to find out Graham's priorities during their troubled time. \n Answer: Graham loves his dog better than his wife.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-56f42f3e438f4096b64dff9e0e2b1396",
            "input": "Article: In opposing President Barack Obama's opening to Cuba, Florida's Republican senator, Marco Rubio, explained, \"This entire policy shift announced today is based on an illusion, on a lie, the lie and the illusion that more commerce and access to money and goods will _ political freedom for the Cuban people.\" Rubio has correctly touched on the hottest issue. But theory, logic and history suggest that he's wrong in his conclusions. I would recommend to Rubio one of the classics of conservative  thought, Milton Friedman's \"Capitalism and Freedom.\" He doesn't have to spend too much time on it. The first chapter outlines the \"relation between economic freedom and political freedom.\" The point Friedman makes in the book is one that America's founding fathers well understood. Drawing on the political philosopher John Locke, they believed that the freedom to buy, sell, own and trade were primary elements of human freedom and individual autonomy . As they expand, liberty expands. This is not just theory, of course. Over the last two centuries, the countries that embraced \"more commerce and access to money and goods\" in Rubio's phrase -- Britain, America, then Western Europe and East Asia -- have moved toward greater prosperity, but also political freedom. If you exclude oil-rich countries, where money is not earned but dug from the ground, on the whole there has been a strong connection between economic freedom and political freedom. In Latin America today, democracy  and markets have acted to strengthen each other, transforming the continent, which 30 years ago was almost entirely ruled by dictatorships  to one that is today almost entirely ruled by democracies. After opening up its economy in the 1970s, Chile began to grow, but that growth then produced a stronger civil society that over time contributed to the end of the dictatorship within the country. Yet Cuba is an outlier, one of the last regimes in Latin America that has embraced neither markets nor ballots. The Obama administration is acting on the theory that more commerce, capitalism, contact, travel and trade will empower the people of Cuba and thus gives them a greater voice in their political future. And so the first point to make is that it will help Cubans economically -- it will raise their incomes, their standard of living, and boost access to technology. These are all good things in and of themselves. But easing the embargo  will also help Americans, who will benefit from being able to trade with a neighbor. This is the reason that conservatives have long understood that free trade is not a gift bestowed on someone. It helps both countries and in particular, helps the United States. That's why the Wall Street Journal's editorial page -- bastion of conservative thought -- has been an advocate on lifting the trade embargo against Cuba, which is a far larger step than Obama's normalization. \n Answer: Obama's decision agrees with the fact that economic freedom grows with political freedom.",
            "output": [
                "What message does the writer try to deliver through this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9f936139e8d45c7ab7a5cf407c87857",
            "input": "Article: Driving in Canada is similar to driving in many parts of the United States.Distances and speeds,however,are posted in kilometres per hour and some signs,particularly in Quebec,may only be in French. Unless otherwise posted,the maximum  speed limit in Canada is 50km/hr in cities and 80km/hr on highways.On rural highways,the posted speed limit may be 100km/hr.It is not allowed to take automobile radar detectors  into Quebec,Ontario,Manitoba,and the Yukon.Seat belt use is required by law for all passengers,and child car seats must be used by children under 40 pounds.Some provinces require drivers to keep their vehicles' headlights on during the day and some have banned  driving while using a hand-held cell phone.Motorcycles cannot share a lane ,and safety helmets for motorcycle riders and passengers are necessary.Running a red light is a serious crime throughout Canada and drivers are advised to stop before starting when a light turns green. Winter travel can be dangerous due to heavy snowfalls and icy conditions.Some roads and bridges are often closed in winter.Snow tires are required in some provinces.Travelers should also be careful about animals while driving at night in rural areas. Highway 401,from Detroit to Montreal,is one of the busiest highways in North America.It has been the scene of many deadly traffic accidents due to sudden and severe weather changes,high rates of speed,and heavy truck traffic.Thus drivers should be _ while travelling here. Please refer to our Road Safety page for more information and tips.Also,we suggest that you visit the website of Canada's national authority responsible for road safety. \n Answer: The speed of cars in Canadian cities should be less than 50km/hr.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1b5a2edf00b04974bdc920826a451d65",
            "input": "Article: If you can't wait until the summer for your sunshine fix,why not fly off on a winter break? Here are some great deals for all budgets. 1.ST LUCIA The beachside resort of St James's Club in Morgan Bay is fairly quiet--the local market is nearly 5kin away--but it has six bars,six restaurants and four outdoor pools. There are plenty of watersports,you can travel through the rainforest,go on a jeep trip or enjoy dolphin-Spot-ting. Average temperature in March is 27degC. THE DEAL:A seven-night stay with flights from Gatwick for 1,429pp.From March 1. 2.GOA With an average February temperature of 26degC,scenic Goa makes for a warm winter get away. In the village of Arpora,the Resorte Marinha Dourada is a 10-minute walk from the clear beach--the hotel provides transfers for guests.Alternatively,relax by the outdoor pool and have a drink at one of the hotel's two bars. A visit to Arpora's lively Saturday night market is also recommended. Go bird-watching,beating on the lake,or fishing. THE DEAL:10 nights' bed and breakfast with flights from Manchester for 1,157pp.From February 18. 3.DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Bayahibe is a beautiful fishing village on the shores of the Caribbean and it is also the Dominican Republic's premier scuba-diving destination.There are around 20 dive sites just off its coast. Enjoy golf,spas,watersports and large outdoor pools.If you simply want to relax,the Catalonia Gran Dominicus hotel is right on a pure white sandy beach,complete with palm trees. With average February temperature of 28degC,it's the perfect escape. THE DEAL:A seven-night stay with Gatwick flights for 1,403pp. From February 20. 4.SOUTH AFRICA February is summer in South Africa,with average temperatures in the mid-20sdegC. If you fancy chilling out in the sunshine,the Southern Sun Waterfront hotel has a large outdoor poo1. But it is also in the heart of the city,which makes it easy to explore its many historic attractions. Take a cable car ride up Table Mountain,or a short boat trip to Robben Island,where Nelson Mandela was held prisoner. THE DEAL:10 nights for 1,662pp,with Heathrow flights. From February 18. \n Answer: ST LUCIA",
            "output": [
                "If you are only available in March,which resort should you choose?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eacfa5ff48864539b1cc738064dfeca3",
            "input": "Article: Bursting into the classroom from recess , 15 children take their seats and face the woman they know as Ms. Yang. \"What day is it today?\"she asks, in Mandarin  Chinese. \"Confucius' birthday!\"the fifth graders shout in Mandarin. \"Why do we celebrate Confucius' birthday?\" \"Because he's the greatest teacher in the history of China!\"exclaims a brown-haired girl. She too is speaking Mandarin. English is rarely heard in Lisa Yang's class at the Chinese American International School(CAIS), despite the fact that few students are native speakers of Mandarin. The United States is actively trying to increase the group of students in\"critical languages\"such as Mandarin. The students at CAIS are way ahead in such a trend. Mandarin explosion in America Founded 25 years ago, this small private school in San Francisco, USA, does what few other American schools do: It produces fully fluent speakers of Mandarin Chinese, by far the most commonly spoken language in the world. Mandarin Chinese is suddenly hot in American schools. As China becomes the world's leading economy sometimes this century, schools in the U.S. are _ to add Mandarin to their roster of foreign languages or expand Chinese programs already in place. \"It really is almost unprecedented . People are looking at China as a force to be reckoned with...And to ensure that the U.S. has the ability to conduct trade, and to work with the Chinese, certainly having an understanding of Chinese language and culture is an advantage,\"said Marty Abbott of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages(ACTFL) . Cultural differences in teaching styles To develop Chinese-language programs has not been smooth. A shortage of trained teachers has made it difficult for some schools to join the race. When schools do get teachers, they often hire them straight from China, and the teachers usually suffer culture shock when they come to the   U.S. Robert Liu remembers his first two years in an American classroom. It was not an easy adjustment. \"In China, students respect their teachers,\"he said. Liu found that American students, however, expect an active teaching style. He had to use games to engage them rather than lectures. To avoid many of the problems with foreign teaching styles, the CAIS has been working with the Chinese government to improve training of teachers who are sent to the U.S. \n Answer: Mandarin speaks to a growing audience in America",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-856f0ed513d3487dbc236bd509ff316c",
            "input": "Article: Ship tourism to Antarctica is on the rise: More than 35,000 tourists are expected to visit Antarctic this summer. In 1992-1993, 6,750 visited Antarctica, according to the Antarctica Treaty. All of this tourism, however, is putting both tourists and the environment in great danger. Among the tourist ships that visit the continent, the Explorer, a Canadian ship, was one of the first. Put to use in 1969, it was built to carry tourists to Antarctica. Last week, however, it became the first commercial passenger ship to sink beneath the waters. Fortunately, all of the passengers and crew members were rescued from the ship. However, the sunken ship endangered the Antarctic's fragile  environment. The ship was estimated to be holding 48,000 gallons of fuel. The accident was not unexpected. Both the US and UK had warned a conference of the Antarctic Treaty member countries in May that the tourism situation in this area was a potential disaster. The US said in a paper, people \"should take a hard look at tourism issues now, especially those related to ship safety.\" Although the Antarctic seas are relatively  calm, floating ice causes a potential threat to ships. The owner of the Explorer blamed the sinking on a fist-like hole in the ship created by ice. Many of the other large ships now visiting Antarctica are not designed especially against thick ice. Such ships generally can only come to the continent in summer. But the tourist rush is pushing ships into dangerous situations. \"The increasing number of ships operating in Antarctic means that the ship are under great pressure to get there in time for the key visiting sites,\" the British government wrote in a paper at the meeting of member countries. As a natural frontier, Antarctica is in a messy legal situation. There are no obvious answers as to who is responsible for dealing with the threat that tourist may cause to human life and the environment. There is no coast guard for Antarctica. Do we want it to become Disneyland, or do we need some controls? \n Answer: The number of tourists to the Antarctic is over 5 times as large as that of 17 years ago.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0d9af4ace3884c60b8d760e7d48c6d3c",
            "input": "Article: It was a week before Christmas, but things were far from cheery. Our task was to deliver as many boxes of food as possible to those in need in Camden, New Jersey. There were no Christmas carolers   walking these streets that were lined with boarded-up   houses and broken windows. Mothers kept their children close as they hurried down the streets.  It was mid-afternoon, but even the bright sun couldn't warm this place. Red tickets in the windows marked which houses we were to visit. Our white truck stopped in front of one townhouse and our group knocked on the door. In our arms were boxes filled with ham, bread and other essentials to make the perfect Christmas dinner. Four small faces glanced through the curtains and one exhausted mom answered the door. She seemed embarrassed to be caught in her nightgown with undone hair. She was in her mid-20s, but her rough skin and tired eyes added years. \"Sacred Heart food delivery service,\" I smiled. \"Where can we put this for you?\" She pointed and as we entered the house, I noticed the conditions they lived in. The children climbed around, wearing only diapers  . There were no carpets, only cold concrete beneath our feet. There was no Christmas tree or decorations. My heart sank. It was so cold, and I found it hard to believe that this was reality for this family. We set the boxes down and the mother grabbed my hand. \"You don't know how much of a blessing this is to me and my family,\" she said, crying. _ I opened my arms and gave her a hug. \"Happy holidays!\" I replied before I headed out the door. I realized how warm I felt inside. This was unlike anything I had ever experienced. We cannot help what family we are born into, but we can help each other. \n Answer: She looked much older than her age.",
            "output": [
                "What impression did the woman leave on the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9e4cd107442403693e5530c7a6cd4af",
            "input": "Article: We tried so hard to make things better for our kids but we made them worse. For my naughty boys, I'd know better. I'd really like for them to know about hand-me-down clothes and home-made ice cream and leftover meatloaf. I really would. My cherished boys, I hope you learn humility   by surviving failure and that you learn to be honest even when no one is looking. I hope you get a black eye fighting for something you believe in. I hope you have to share a bedroom with your younger brother. And it is all right to draw a line down the middle of the room, but when he wants to crawl   under the covers   with you because he's scared, I hope you'll let him. And when you want to see a Disney movie and your kid brother wants to tag along, I hope you take him. I hope you have to walk uphill with your friends and that you live in a town where you can do it safely. I hope you learn to dig in the dirt and read books, and when you learn to use computers, you also learn how to add and subtract   in your head. May you skin your knee climbing a mountain, burn your hand on the stove and stick your tongue on a frozen flagpole  . I hope you get sick when someone blows smoke in your face. I don't care if you try beer once, but I hope you won't like it. I sure hope you make time to sit on a porch with your grandpa or go fishing with your uncle. I hope your father punishes you when you throw a baseball through a neighbor's window, and that your mother hugs you and kisses you when you give her a plaster of pared mold   of your hand. These things I wish for you--tough times and disappointment, hard work and happiness. \n Answer: A grandmother.",
            "output": [
                "Who wrote the letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d4132987314f4fcba3332ece59de4477",
            "input": "Article: Do you like shopping? Or does the thought of wandering round the shops fill you with terror? For some of us,shopping is an enjoyable way of spending our spare time and our money. For me.it's something I would rather avoid.Thank goodness for the Internet! It's more convenient to buy CDs,electrical items,even food,from the comfort of your sofa.But that's not the only reason:price is an important factor.We can buy goods and services cheaper online. But sometimes the problem is knowing what to buy.This has led to a type of shopping called \"show rooming\". Show rooming is something I've done.I will go to a shop to see,touch and try out products but then go home and buy them online at a knock--down price.I'm not alone in doing this.Research by a company called Foolproof,found 24%of people show roomed while Christmas shopping in 2013. Amy Cashman,Head of Technology at TNS UK,says the reasons for this new shopping habit are that\"people are lacking time,lacking money and they want security about the products they are buying.\"She explains that consumers are not only shopping online at home but they are using the Internet in store or on their smartphones to shop around. But does this mean technology will kill shops? Certainly shops will change.They will have to offer more competitive prices or encourage people to buy more by giving in--store discounts or free girls. We mustn't forget that buying in a shop means you can get expert advice from the sales assistant and you can get good aftercare.It's good to speak to a real human rather than look at a faceless computer screen but at least by show rooming,you get the best of both worlds! \n Answer: Trying in shops and buying online.",
            "output": [
                "What does show rooming mean in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-44f7b1fb7ce04d1c82a80990c0cdffed",
            "input": "Article: A surprisingly high number of city citizens in China suffer from poor health and many die at an early age. Poor health with no sign of any identified disease, a condition known in China as \"sub health,\" is on the rise. Sub health is marked by general weakness, low energy levels and a poor immune system. A survey held in 16 cities with over 1 million population showed high proportions of urban Chinese have been suffering sub health problems. The numbers are particularly high in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, with 75.31, 73.49, and 73.41 percent respectively of residents in poor health, the survey showed. The problem happens mostly among senior and middle-level managers, clerks and other white-collar workers with high education levels, said the website of the Red Cross Society of China. \"The sub health condition, found in most cases among groups of people with a high educational level, will have bad effects on China's long-term development and progress if not dealt timely and properly,\" the website warned. A survey by the Chinese Academy of Sciences shows that the average life of Chinese intellectuals is 58 years, 10 years lower than the nation's average. This early death phenomenon may be increasing. Among Chinese people with high education in the 25-59 age group, the death rate for women is as high as 10.4 per cent. For men it is even higher: 16.5 percent. A report published by the China Sub Health Academic Seminar said the country's health is going through a transitional period and many long-term diseases have taken the place of infectious diseases such as SARS and flu as the main cause of death. \"Bad working habits, poor disease prevention knowledge, not enough governmental investment and lack of health education are the main reasons,\" said Yang Xiaoduo, a healthcare expert with a local health association, who said China should race against time seeking measures to solve the sub health problem. \n Answer: Now more and more people realize the importance to stop sub health.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18026867d61645258adb7254e9fefaa4",
            "input": "Article: Chicken feathers are useful, and not just to a chicken. Some go into pillows, coats and other products. But countless chicken feathers go to waste. In the United States, billions of chickens are produced yearly. Most of their feathers are thrown away. But instead of being buried in land, some feathers could find a future in plastics . One of the products they have developed is a flowerpot . It may look like other flowerpots. But the container breaks down in the earth within one to five years. And as it _ , it naturally becomes nutrient  in the soil. The environmentally friendly flowerpot is the work of two researchers. Walter Schmidt is with the Agricultural Research Service, part of the United States Agriculture Department. Masud Huda is with the Horticultural Research Institute, a private  organization . Walter Schmidt has been working to find uses for chicken feathers since the 1990s. Progress in 2002 showed that plastic made from feathers could be formed like other plastics. He says feathers are much stronger and last  longer than another plant material. \"Feathers are stronger. By design, feathers are also more durable . And the other part about it is if feathers were twice as heavy, or half as strong, then birds couldn't fly.\" He points out that traditional flowerpots made from other plastics can last much longer. But he wonders if there is really a need. He says most flowerpots are never re-used. \"Why would you want a plastic that you use for a year to last for two hundred years? It makes no sense. You want to match the product with the use.\" said Walter Schmidt. Walter Schmidt and Masud Huda are now adding another chicken product to their flowerpots -- chicken waste. The waste will add more nutrients to the soil as the pot breaks down. The scientists say they hope their flowerpot will be on the market in a year or two. \n Answer: Most feathers are paid no attention to.",
            "output": [
                "What do people mainly deal with feathers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e3419adff82416eb39fd3f70129642a",
            "input": "Article: Ad. 1 April fool's party On Friday, April 1, Inner Affair goes back to the days of funk! Classic Tunes from the 70's and 80's by DJs Den & Sion. 9pm till late. Tickets: Free entrance for those in costume, otherwise 50 Yuan (US$6) Time/date: 9 pm, April 1 Place: Inner Affair, 1/F Qiankun Dasha, 6 Sanlitun Xiliujie, Chaoyang District Tel: 8454  0321 Ad. 2 Language in use Enjoy free in house coffee, tea and beer as well as music and dancing. Practice your Chinese, make friends and have fun. Time/date: 7 to 9 pm, March 25 Place: Language In Use Club, 2/F, Science Fortune Center, 8 Xueqing Lu, north of Xueyuan Lu, Haidian District Ad. 3 The \"worst\" party Organized by Ozone Productions, the party is set to be \"the worst ever\", with the lamest music from the 60s, 70s and 80s. Special prizes will be awarded to the worst dressed or for bad fashion sense. Tickets: Free entrance Time/date: 9 pm, April 1 Place: Pula Pula, Tianze Lu, Oriental Seven Colours Plaza, Chaoyang District Tel: 64668575 Ad. 4 La Nuit Francaise Again on the 2nd Thursday of the month La Nuit Francaise will be held at Le Rendezvous. The monthly event is an opportunity for all French people and everyone interested in France or speaking French to gather together. The evening features three glasses of wine and canapes for participants and a special exhibition. Time/date: 7 to 10 pm, April 14 Place: Le Rendezvous, 3 Gongti Beilu, across from the Pacific Century Plaza, Chaoyang District Tel: 64629110 Ad. 5 Marco V Dutch DJ Marco V drops by Banana for a gig which is supported by Hong Kong's DJ Spark. Marco V has been around for many years, as an inventive, style blending deejay and a successful and devoted producer. His spinning is energetic, crowd pleasing and never sees an empty dance floor. He was ranked No. 15 in this year's international DJ MAG DJ Top100. Tickets: 40 yuan (US$4.80) in advance, 50 yuan (US$6) at the door, both include a free drink Time/date: 10 pm to 4 am, March 31, April 1 Place: Banana, in the lobby of the Scitech Hotel, 22 Jianwai Dajie, Chaoyang District Tel: 65283636 \n Answer: Some old music will be played at the parties.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true of Ad. 1 and Ad. 3?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8cb9bf350b4f4a0ca71ffb2573724256",
            "input": "Article: Thousands of people in the world are a hundred years old - or more and certain parts of the world are famous for the long lives of their inhabitants: the Vilacamba Valley in Ecuador, and the home of the Hunzas in the Himalayas. Why do so many people live to a healthy old age in certain parts of the world? What is the secret of their long lives? Three things seem to be very important: fresh air, fresh food and a simple way of life. People work near their homes in the clean mountain air instead of traveling long distances to work by bus, car or train. They do not sit all day in busy offices or factories, but work hard outdoors in the fields. They take more exercise and eat less food than people in the cities of the West. For years the Hunzas of the Himalayas did not need policemen, lawyers or doctors. There was no crime, no divorce and not much illness in their society. They were a happy, peaceful people, famous all over India for their long, healthy lives. Do you want to live to a hundred years old? Here are some rules for success. First, live in the right place. Second, choose the right kind of job. Doctors, dentists and bus-drivers die young. Farmers, priests and orchestral conductors live much longer. If you are in the wrong kind of job, you can still improve your way of life. An old man in the Caucasus was talking about his past life. \"I was young then,\" he said, as he described his 87th year. His secret was: \"Think young and stay young.\" An old woman from Missouri, the USA, gave this advice, \"Drink a little whisky and some warm beer every day.\" An English lady just said, \"Take a cold bath every morning.\" The shortest, simplest piece of advice came from Mr Jim Chapman, aged 103. \"Just keep breathing,\" he told reporters. \n Answer: An orchestral conductor.",
            "output": [
                "Who is most likely to live a long life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-49c74ded44b84958b8076597c39c573a",
            "input": "Article: Cell Phone Are the New Cigarette When you get in your car, you reach for it. When you are at work, you take a break to have a moment alone with it. When you get in to a lift, you play with it. Cigarette? Cup of coffee? No, it's the third most addictive thing in modern life, the cell phone. Experts say that it is becoming more difficult for many people to curb their longing to hug it more tightly than most of their personal relationships.  With its shiny surface and its smooth and satisfying touch, the cell phone connects us to the world even as it disconnects us from people three feet away. In just the past couple of years, the cell phone has challenged people in ways its inventors in the late 1940s never imagined. The costs are becoming even more obvious, and I don't mean just the monthly bill. Dr. Chris Knippers, working at the Betty Ford Center in Southern California, reports that the overuse of cell phones has become a social problem not much different from other harmful addictions: a problem that limits one-on-one personal contact, and an escape from reality.  Sounds extreme, but we've all witnessed the evidence: the person at restaurant who talks on the phone through an entire meal, ignoring his kids around the table; the women who talks on the phone in the car, ignoring her husband; the teen who texts messages all the way home from school, avoiding contact with kids all around him. Is it just rude, or is it a kind of unhealthiness? And pardon me, but how is this improving the quality of life? Jim Williams, an industrial sociologist based in Massachusetts, notes that cell-phone addiction is part of a set of symptoms in a widening gulf of personal separation. He points to a study by Duke University researchers that found one-quarter of Americans say they have no one to discuss their most important personal business with,Williams says studies show that we don't have as many friends as our parents.\"Just as more information has led to less wisdom,more acquaintances via the Internet and cell phones have produced fewer friends.\"he says. \n Answer: Using cell phone is just as cool as smoking cigarettes.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best explains the title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-be84d4373a6e4fbc9e988a6015f184bc",
            "input": "Article: Every living cell contains genes. They are too small to be seen in a microscope, but they are very important. Each set of genes in the body contains all the instructions needed to make a human being. Some genes determine hair color. Some determine the shape of a nose. Some genes help determine your height and even your weight. Genes are made of a chemical called DNA-the letters stand for deoxyribonucleic acid . In the early 1950's, two scientists, Francis Crick and James Watson, figured out how the parts of DNA fit together. Once scientists understood this structure, it became possible to take pieces of DNA apart and put them together in new ways. New kinds of genes could be made in this manner. Scientists have studied the genes of many plants and animals. They have worked out which genes affect the color of a tomato and the thickness of its skin. Working out which genes determine which features is called genetic mapping, scientists have begun the Human Genome Project, an ambitious effort to map all the genes in the human body. Some genes may be defective . For example, something might be wrong with the gene that makes blood clot . A baby born with this defective gene could suffer serious hemorrhages  or even bleed to death because his or her blood fails to clot. If scientists ever learn how to map all the genes in our bodies, they can determine whether or not an unborn child has any defective genes. They might even discover how to treat these genes before the child is born. \n Answer: The Human Genome Project may explain the role of every gene in the body.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1afc60c623d243e4a5fca4774ce6a0b1",
            "input": "Article: Before your child's final exam: and the graduation announcements, you face a significant task together: choosing the right college or university. There is no \"one size fits all\" approach to selecting a college--it's a very personal process for most teenagers. Consider a wide range of factors to help your child make the best possible choice. Discuss with your child her post-high school choices, such as college, finding work or starting a business, or joining the army. If you determine together that college is the best choice for your child, talk about the importance of college, and her longer-term goals by going to college. Talk to your child about what she thinks is important in a college experience and share your opinions as well. Identify the issues that will directly impact her college choice, such as her grades, test scores and family finances. Then make a list of the key criteria for her dream school, including factors such as the school's location, its size, the types of prograM:, the after school activities available and the type of financial aid available.  _ the item: on your child's list, at least to the extent of sorting it into \"must-haves,\" \"highly desirable\" and \"nice-to-have\" categories. Put these factors into an online search engine specifically designed to identify colleges and universities that best meet your criteria, such as that offered by CollegeBoard.org. Start with the most important criteria, then experiment with additional factors to narrow the search results to a number you can work with, such as 10 or 20 different schools. Use the search results as a guide to further focus your college search. Research each school by reviewing its website, requesting information directly from the school and attending local presentations about the school. \n Answer: It's necessary to take your child's opinion into consideration.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c0ff85f7151a4280ac0c0f9d78846121",
            "input": "Article: What does it mean to day that we live in world of persuasion? It means that we live among competing interests. Your roommate's need to study for an exam take priority over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade. And the object of your romantic interest may have other choices. In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable consideration to our points of view. When we persuade, we want to influence what others believe and how they behave. We may not always prevail --other points of view may be more persuasive, depending on the listener, the situation, and the merits of the case. But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to ensure that our position receives the attention it deserves. Some people, however, object to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome approach to their lives or as a control. In contrast, we believe that persuasion is inevitable--to live is to persuade. Persuasion may be moral or immoral, selfless or selfish, inspiring or discouraging. Persuaders may enlighten our minds or make us hurt. Moral persuasion, however, calls on sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us apply the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make. Therefore, an essential part of education is learning to resist the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other. Beyond its personal importance to us, persuasion is a need to society. The right to persuade and be persuaded is the basic principle of the American political system. \n Answer: Neutral.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's attitude towards persuasion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-42cb874d56ca41f9bec8db550102bf33",
            "input": "Article: The Canadian red and white maple leaf  flag is officially called the National Flag of Canada. The Canadian flag shows a stylized red maple leaf with 11  points on a white background, with red borders down each side. The Canadian flag is twice as long as it is wide. The white square containing the red maple leaf is the same width as the flag. The red and the white used in the National Flag of Canada were proclaimed the official colors of Canada in 1921 by King George V. Although the maple leaf did not have its official status as a symbol of Canada until the announcement of the national flag in 1965, it had historically been used as a Canadian symbol, and was used in 1860 in decorations for the visit of the Prince of Wales to Canada. The 11 points on the maple leaf have no special significance. In the early days,the Royal Union Flag,or the Union Jack, was still flown in British North America. In 1925 and again in 1946, the Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King tried to get a national flag of Canada adopted, but failed. In 1964,Prime Minister Lester Pearson appointed a 15-member, all-party committee to come up with a design for a new flag. The committee was given six weeks to complete its task. The committee studied 2,000 submitted  designs as well as 3,900 that had been gathered as a result of the 1946 committee's study. Those designs with a chance of being accepted were given to the full committee for further study. The suggestion of a red and white single maple leaf design for the Canadian flag came from George Stanley, a professor at the Royal Military College. After a heated discussion, _ finally decided on his suggestion. \n Answer: Two.",
            "output": [
                "How many colors are there in the National Flag of Canada?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5538be9b637f4549bef2f808400a2886",
            "input": "Article: Maricel Apatan, 22, stands in the kitchen of the Edsa Shangi-La Hotel in Manila, preparing to decorate a cheesecake. It would seem to be a routine task for a cake chef, but Maricel is no ordinary chef -- she has no hands.     Maricel has come a long way since the day in September 2000 when she and her uncle were attacked near their farm. Fortunately, both of them survived, but the 11-year-old girl lost her hands. In 2004, she entered a Manila training centre for people with disabilities. She learned how to write and do housework and, more importantly, came to terms with her disability.     After graduation from high school, she took a two-year Hotel and Restaurant course and  _ even though she was the only disabled student in the course. After she moved back to Manila to continue her studies, the media started reporting on this determined young woman. She didn't shy away from the attention. \"I wanted others living with disabilities to believe it's possible to live a normal life,\" Maricel says.     After managers at the Edsa Shangri-La Hotel saw Maricel on television, they hired her as part of the hotel's Care for People project. She has also accomplished her goal of inspiring others. One of them is Ronelyn Calumpiano, a 21-year-old with cerebral palsy . She saw Maricel on television and was moved by her confidence. Ronelyn will soon start classes and is already planning a career in IT.     Maricel's three younger sisters have moved to Manila. She pays for the rent of their small apartment, while their parents look after their family farm in Mindanao. \"It is difficult to make ends meet but I don't lose hope. I believe anything is possible if you dream, work hard and pray.\" \n Answer: She survived while her uncle did not.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true about Maricel?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4a1e60f1e93d43d5b37eee92bf62a85f",
            "input": "Article: Boys and girls,as we all know,most people,especially young people ,tend to care about their hair much because hair plays a very important role in our appearance.But can you imagine what other uses hair has?Do you have any idea that human hair may become a new solar energy soutce?Before we begin with the new content of our Physics ,let me tell you a new invention first. It's reported that a Nepali teenager has designed a $32 solar panel using human hair. Milan Karki,who is 18 years old and lives in a village in rural Nepal,used human hair to replace silicon ,which is a common but expensive componet of solar panels. By using hair as a replacement,Karki says that solar panels can be produced for around $32,a price that could be halved if they were mass-produced. The solar panel works,because melanin ,which gives hair its colour,is light sensitive and can act as an elecrtical conductor.Kaiki was inspired to think of the idea by a Stephen Hawking book ,which explained how to create elecrtic energy from hair. The device that Karki has invented is capable of producing 9V or 18V of energy--plenty to charge a mobile phone. \"Half a kilo of hair can be bought for only 16p in Nepal and lasts a few months;whereas a pack of batteries would cost50p and lasts few nights,\"according to The Daily Mail. The solar panel is claimed to be easy to service as the hair is easy to replace. Karki has now seng out several devices to other disrticts near his home for tetimg .He said,\"First I wanted to provide elecricity for my home,then my village .Now I am thinking for the whole worle.\" So next time when you have a haircut,do remember to keep your hair cut down to use for energy.Perhaps you can also provide elecrticity for your home,even your village using your own hair. \n Answer: He has earned much money from his invention.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about Milan Karki?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-67a9a5550b834dd5b64a87ca4cff59e0",
            "input": "Article: Poor weather. Technical difficulties. These are some of the typical causes of cancelled trains and planes. But sometimes, the excuse can be a lot more _ . Just recently, passengers waiting for a train to Peterborough heard the following announcement, \"For reasons beyond our control, we regret to inform passengers that the 13:46 Train to Peterborough has been cancelled. The next train will be arriving on Platform in approximately 36 minutes.\" Oh, well, another delayed train, thought most passengers. But a couple of them decided to enquire further. Incredibly, they were informed that the real reason for the non-arrival of the train was that the driver refused to do his job because his seat was wet. \"A wet seat? That's got to be a joke,\" said one passenger angrily. \"I wouldn't normally complain if the train is just a bit delayed, but this was unbelievable, \" he added. \"What really made me angry is that this driver refused to get in the train,\" said another passenger. \"He probably went off for a cup of tea after that!\" she added. A spokesperson for the rail company apologized for the incident, but said the driver couldn't sit on the damp seat, and wouldn't be able to drive the train standing up. The spokesperson went on to explain that the seat had become wet after water entered through an open window when the train was being cleaned in a \"train wash\" In another transport-related incident, a flight from Chicago to Frankfurt made an emergency landing in Canada after the pilot spilled his coffee. Apparently, the spilt liquid caused the plane's radio to send out \"transponder code 7500\", which is used to inform ground control that there's been a hi-jacking  . After landing in Toronto, the 255 passengers crew members were put up in a hotel for the night, then flown on to Frankfurt the following afternoon. \"What a disgusting trip!\" said one tired passenger after the painful experience had ended. So, does your job have the potential to cause such disorder? \n Answer: His seat was damp.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the driver of the train refused to do his job?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3416a0abf1a74d3e8a15fafce03e7226",
            "input": "Article: Critical thinking is an important skill that can increase students' ability to learn in any situation. This can be applied to traditional education, or directly in a career related role. Many teachers find it such a valuable skill that they give their students a critical thinking question every day. Developing this ability can mean the difference between \"just passing a course\" and \"understanding the material well enough\" so that what students learn from _ will follow them throughout their life. Some characteristics of a critical thinker that teachers should encourage are; -asking questions as a reaction to something read or discussed; -determining the \"deeper meaning\" of a particular passage or topic; -providing input and opinions to topics as a direct result of analysis and research; -reasoning in an effort to develop an argument of your own opinion. It is important for a student to understand more than definition . One way to truly understand an idea is to have hands-on practice, and to apply concepts learned in a textbook. Such \"mini-examples\" will interest a student and improve their understanding of a topic. This is how life-long skills can be developed. Teachers that use critical thinking practices in the classroom can \"go above and beyond\" by asking questions that promote a greater comprehension of the material. Instructors should be able to challenge students and create an environment where they are analyzing material and gaining a better understanding. This will make the classroom move in a direction for learning. It can also help students to stay interested in the course material, as they always have a new concept to consider. At the same time, students benefit greatly from developing critical thinking skills. When learned early on, these skills can be used throughout their college education. Students can understand how to consider a topic, analyze it, and discuss it from different points of view. These are skills that will benefit them when they are part of the workforce as well. \n Answer: Teachers.",
            "output": [
                "Who are the intended readers of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e23ecdb22b7f499fb32742ecd3bd2379",
            "input": "Article: The role of a newspaper is to present and comment on the news. It is vital for keeping people well-informed on current affairs. In most Western countries, journalists try to shape the ideas and opinions of their readers, since in Western countries all newspapers are independent of the government. Some newspaper owners support liberal ideas including economic policies that help poor people. Other owners want policies such as lower taxes for rich people and less money to be given to poor people. You can almost judge the political ideas of a person in the West by looking at the newspaper he reads. All newspapers report national and international news. They give the facts but also provide opinions on controversial issues in the editorials and columns of opinion. The readers of the newspaper can also comment on these editorials or articles. There are many informative articles too as well as reviews of new films and books, etc. These are very important, for if a film or book gets good reviews it will often become more successful. All these articles require many journalists who are experts in different areas of life. All these articles come together and are checked by the chief editor of the newspaper. When he or she has made a decision on the articles, the newspaper is prepared for printing. All this work means that the journalists must work together as a team because there is a lot of pressure when you work in a newspaper office. There are constant deadlines and articles have to be fitted round advertisements, photographs and much, much more. \n Answer: Editorials and opinion columns.",
            "output": [
                "What articles comment on controversial issues?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-286631de5eea46d4a458d087eaf4139d",
            "input": "Article: The English writer Samuel Johnson famously said, \"You find no man who is willing to leave London. No, sir, when a man is tired of London, he is tired of life, for there is in London all that life can afford.\" More than two centuries have passed since Johnson's age, but his words still ring true. Here, you'll find the historic Tower of London and the Tate Modern both considered must-sees. Shakespeare's sonnets  are still being uttered by actors. Londoners most certainly still look up to the royals, but they also rock out to Coldplay and Lily Allen. And while they still sip tea, they now drink Starbucks, too. How to Save Money in London Find the free attractions. Many of London's top things to do, including the National Gallery, Hyde Park and the Portobello Road Market, are absolutely free to enjoy. Ride the Tube. Taking taxis will add up quickly, so buy a pay-as-you-go Oyster Card and travel on London's underground system, nicknamed the \"Tube\". Dine smart. Corridors like Brick Lane offer fantastic cultural food for bargain prices; fish and chip shops are a cheap standby and takeaway food costs less than dine-in. London Culture & Customs London is one of the fashion capitals of the world, and its residents tend to reflect that. Practically, pack an umbrella for the rainy days and a scarf for the cold ones. As for tipping, restaurants and cafes will usually add a 10-to-15-percent service charge to the bill. If a service charge is not allotted , it's customary to tip the same (between 10 and 15 percent). If you're drinking at a pub or wine bar, tipping is flexible. And in a taxicab, tip the driver to the nearest pound or about 10 percent of the cost. London Dining London used to be highly criticized for its heavy and common menu items. Now, London is considered as one of the most gourmet cities in the world. And with its melting pot of cultures, it's not difficult to see why. London offers everything from modern British to Malaysian. For Indian food, we suggest visiting the curry houses on Brick Lane. If you want a real high tea experience, book reservations at the Ritz, at Fortnum & Mason, or at the Dorchester -- but be sure to dress the part. Pub culture is still alive and well, so if you have a _ for fried fish and salty chips (or French fries), you'll still find them here. And for a quick bite, exchange a few pounds for a kebab, a quick sandwich or some to go sushi, which can be found in restaurants throughout the city. \n Answer: Travel.",
            "output": [
                "In which column of a newspaper can we find the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff4876f1e0dd4e33809e63c74f8aa810",
            "input": "Article: My wife passed away a few years ago, and I went through the worst time in my life. I even wanted to kill myself. Just for kids, I had to continue to live and work as small-town doctor at my medical clinic in Hawaii. My kids had gone to live on the mainland, and I was alone. Then they asked me to have a family trip. On our trip, we turned on the TV at the motel and saw the second plane crash into the World Trade Center. Seeing it falling down, I said to my kids: \"I'm going to Afghanistan\". And a few weeks later, international Medical Corps sent me to set up 20 clinics in provinces where people had no health care. In these field clinics surrounded by frightening shoots or deadly bombs, we were eventually serving 27,000 patients a month in a very busy schedule. Tired and nervous, I gradually had a sense of achievement, a sense of purpose, and my depression went away. In the years to follow, I went to Indonesia after the tsunami, Pakistan after the earthquakes, Sudan after the civil warm and Iraq after more and more bombs. Each time after disasters one after another, hundreds of people were killed, wounded and many more had to flee. We once set up movable clinics in an area with 19,000  _ , and it was supposed to hold 13,000 originally. Flu broke out, one of the biggest killers of kids in refugee camps, and it spread like wildfire. Water and food were also serious problems. \"Adventures or not?\" I often asked myself. When my wife passed away, I thought my life was done. But in reality, it was just getting started. At the end of her life, she went unconscious. I held her head in my hands and told her of all the places we would visit and the exciting adventures we would have.  I think about the moment many times during my \"adventures\". I didn't know how predictive those words would be.But I know that she is still with me. \n Answer: The places that the horrible disasters struck.",
            "output": [
                "Where has the doctor been in the past few years?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff6555e3531844558937661e53a524b9",
            "input": "Article: In Denmark, parents are allowed to set up a new school if they are dissatisfied with the school in the area where they are living. Although these schools have to follow the national courses, they are allowed a lot of choice in deciding what to teach. Some of these new schools are called \"small schools\" because usually the number of pupils in them is only sixty, but a school has to have at least twenty-seven pupils. Cooleenbridge School in Ireland, is a small school similar to the ones in Denmark, it was set up by parents who came from Holland, Germany, Czechoslovakia, England and other parts of Ireland. They came because they wanted to live in the countryside and to grow their own food. In June 1986, they decided to start a school. They managed to get an old, disused primary-school   building and started with twenty-four children aged from four to twelve. The teachers say, \"The important thing in school is doing, not sitting.\" And so the courses includes yoga , cooking, knitting, kite-making, music, fishing, drama   and environmental  river studies, as well as reading, writing, maths and science. \n Answer: The school has to follow the national courses.",
            "output": [
                "What are the rules for setting up a new school in Denmark?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c63869139af543bfaad50f6f0361ee94",
            "input": "Article: Fire fighting is a serous matter, knowing what to do during a fire can save people's lives. It is important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone else in the family, such as stairways and emergency exits, but not elevators. From the lower floors of building, escape through windows is possible. Learn the best way to get out from a window with the least chance of serious injury. The second floor window is usually not very high from the ground. An average person, hanging by the fingertips will have a drop of about 6 feet to the ground. It is about twice the height of an average man. Of course, it is safer to jump a short way down than to stay in a burning building. Windows are also useful when you are waiting for help. Be sure to keep the door closed before opening the window. Otherwise, smoke and fire may be drawn into the room. Keep your head low at the window to be sure you get fresh air rather than smoke that may have leaked into the room. On the second or third floor, the best windows for escape are those which open onto a roof. From the roof a person can drop to the ground more safely. Dropping onto cement might end in injury. Bushes and trees can help you to have a soft landing. \n Answer: Elevators",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following should not be used when trying to escape from a fire?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8ba957e6ac0f4a449be7220092213920",
            "input": "Article: Films provide more than just entertainment.For many people,watching English films is a way to develop language skills.While watching a film,you are immersed in the language and can pick up new expressions that you might not find in a textbook.Some difficulties can arise when watching English films--for example,unfamiliar colloquial language or strong regional accents.With this in mind,here are my tips to help you make progress in English learning while enjoying the films. Choose a film genre  that you enjoy. If you like action films,watch an action film--for example Indiana Jones.If you prefer comedies,watch a comedy--anything with Hugh Grant in always provides a laugh!It's simple enough,but if you choose something you enjoy watching in your native language,you're more likely to enjoy it in English. Choose something that you are familiar with. It's best to start off with something simple because in this way you have a higher chance of understanding the film.Disney films such asThe Lion King,or the more recently releasedTangled,are classic examples.Other cartoons such as Up and The Lego Movieare also worth a watch. Ask friends for advice Perhaps you have friends who have already seen English film? If so, they may be able to recommend one. If you need to,use the English _  Subtitles are very helpful for beginners.Using subtitles in your own language is the easiest choice,but for more advanced learners why not consider using English subtitles? This way,you can match the written subtitles to the words spoken on screen.It helps you to develop your language further. \n Answer: Detective.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of film will you probably watch if you like Hugh Grant?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-22842ad59649421a92fecd7ae478a3b3",
            "input": "Article: Do you want to see the effects of global warming? Then head north. Will Steger is going to take all of us there. Steger, 64, the first person to make a dogsled trip to the North Pole, is a very famous and admired polar explorer. He's at home in frozen parts of the world where few humans ever step on. Steger is also a devoted environmentalist who was early to ring the alarm bell on global warming. He saw its effects firsthand in frequent polar expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctica. Now Steger is about to lead a team of six young adventurers on a 1,400-mile, 60-day-long dogsled trip across Ellesmere Island, in the Canadian Arctic. The sea ice in that region should still be frozen. \"We want to take our audience to the front lines of global warming,\" says Steger. The team will be uploading videos, stories and photos to the website globalwarming101.com as they march along, allowing armchair adventurers and kids in classrooms to follow their progress day to day. \"We can actually bring the audience up there,\" Steger says. Steger's team will include some already-famous young explorers. Sam Branson, the 22-year-old son of British airline tycoon   Richard Branson, is an experienced Arctic traveler. Also on the journey will be 27-year-old Norwegian Sigrid Ekran. Last year, Ekran became only the second woman in history to win Rookie   of the Year for the Iditarod Sled Dog Race. What they will see may be very surprising. Even Steger doesn't know exactly what to expect. Climate change has already reshaped the geography of the Arctic. \"Within a decade or less, it's going to be impossible to reach the North Pole by dog team without flotation  ,\" says Steger. Climate change is happening, but people can change too. Their willingness to change will determine the shape of the Earth's future. \n Answer: To let people realize the bad effects of global warming.",
            "output": [
                "Why is Steger about to organize the adventure to the Arctic?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-adf8d6d4bea84225a249267dbba639f7",
            "input": "Article: It was the end of my first day as a waitress in a busy New York restaurant. My cap had gone away, and my feet hurt. The loaded plates I carried seemed to be heavier and heavier. Tired and discouraged, I didn't seem able to do anything right. As I made out a check for a family with several children who had changed their ice-cream order a dozen times, I was ready to stop. Then the father smiled at me as he handed me my tip. \"Well done,\" he said, \"you've looked after us really well.\" Suddenly my tiredness disappeared. I smiled back, and later, when the manager asked me how I'd liked my first day, I said, \"Fine!\" Those few words of praise had changed everything. Praise is like sunlight to human spirit; we cannot flower and grow without it. And yet, most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold criticism , but are unwilling to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise. Perhaps that is why one word of praise can bring such pleasure. It's strange how _ we are about praising. Perhaps it's because few of us know how to accept it. It's especially rewarding to give praise in areas in which effort generally goes unnoticed.An artist gets admired for a glorious picture,a cook for a perfect meal.But do you ever tell your laundry  manager how pleased you are when the shirts are done just right? In fact,to give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment's thought and a moment's effort. \n Answer: She was confident.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can't describe the writer's situation before she got her tip?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5fbbd761e4f342d88844a47641dca95e",
            "input": "Article: For grown-ups,an afternoon snooze  is often easier said than done.But many of us have probably experienced just how simple it can be to catch some sleep in a gently rocking hammock .By examining brain waves in sleeping adults,researchers reported in the June 21issue of Current Biology,a Cell Press publication,that they now have evidence to explain why that is. \"It is a common belief that rocking causes sleep:we fall asleep in a rocking chair soon and,since ancient times,we cradle our babies to sleep,\"said Sophie Schwartz of the University of Geneva.\"Yet,how this works had remained a mystery.The goal of our study was made up of two parts:to test whether rocking does indeed improve sleep,and to understand how this might work at the brain level.\" Schwartz,Michel Muhlethaler,and their colleagues Laurence Bayer and Irina Constantinescu asked twelve adult volunteers to nap on a custom-made bed or\"experimental hammock\"that could either remain still or rock gently.All participants were good sleepers who didn't typically nap and did not suffer from excessive sleepiness during the day.Each participant took two 45-minute afternoon naps,one with the bed still and one with the bed in motion,while their brain activity was monitored. \"We observed a faster transition to sleep in each and every subject in the swinging condition,\"Muhlethaler said.\"Surprisingly,we also observed a dramatic boosting of certain types of sleep-related brain waves.\" More specifically,rocking increased the length of stage N2sleep,a form of non-rapid eye movement sleep that normally occupies about half of a good night's sleep.The rocking bed also had a lasting effect on brain activity,increasing slow brain waves and bursts of activity known as sleep spindles . Schwartz and Muhlethaler say the next step is to find out whether rocking can improve longer periods of sleep and to find out whether it may be useful for the treatment of sleep disorders,such as insomnia . \n Answer: Her team aimed to answer two questions.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from Sophie Schwartz's words?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e52905b61ec42f4bf134e1f3643832b",
            "input": "Article: The secret in re-remembering is to allow the full power of your memory to flow freely without \"trying\" to remember any one specific   thing. I recently sat down to a relaxed and enjoyable dinner with some friends. At the beginning of the meal, a friend told us that his car had just been broken into and his briefcase   had been stolen. He was frustrated   because his diary and a number of other items important to him were in the briefcase. He said he could remember only four items that were in his stolen briefcase, that he knew there were many more, that he had to give a full report to the police within two hours, and that the more he tried to remember the more blocked he became. Several of us at the table who were familiar with Memory Principles   then took him through the following exercise; instead of continuing to allow him to think of what he could not remember, we asked him when he had last had his briefcase open. It turned out that it was at the office just before he left work, at which point he suddenly remembered that he had put two important magazine articles in the briefcase. We then asked him when he had last had the briefcase open before leaving home for work. It turned out to have been the night before, and he remembered having put in two more articles as well as a tape recorder, in preparation for the following morning. Finally we asked him to describe the inner   design of his briefcase, and as he went through a detailed description, he remembered pens, pencils, letters and a number of other items that he had completely \"forgotten\" before. Within 20 minutes, he remembered 18 additional items. The secret is to \"forget about\" whatever you are trying to remember and \" _ \" all experiences that connect in any way with the item you are trying to remember. This method works at once almost in all cases, and takes the form of a created Mind Map around the \"missing\" center. This memory method, like the others, improves your memory as well as your creativity, and in addition gives you confidence when you realize that, no matter what you have forgotten, there is still a chance to solve any memory mystery  ! \n Answer: Replacing -- Forgetting something instead of remembering",
            "output": [
                "What can be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b704f2a38bff4197b97dfccb355e8eb4",
            "input": "Article: When you are traveling, it's vital to know about the customs and etiquette(,)of the global village. What we consider polite behavior at home isn't always accepted outside our borders. * Etiquette of Gift Giving Gift giving should be a happy, positive experience. When selecting a present for someone in Netherlands, don't purchase fancy kitchen knives or scissors. Giving sharp, pointy objects as gifts is considered unlucky. Be careful when presenting flowers to a friend or a business partner in Russia. Yellow blooms suggest cheat or a relationship break up. Traditionally, red carnations are placed on the tombs of the dead. Writing cards or notes while visiting South Korea, be mindful of your pen's ink color1. Writing a person's name in red ink traditionally suggests that the person has passed away--an important point to remember when giving a birthday card. * Eating Customs Being early or on time is viewed as being rude, too eager or even greedy in Venezuela. If you are invited to someone's home for a meal, it's recommended that you arrive 10 minutes later than the requested time. When having a meal in Egypt, don't use the salt shaker  . It's insulting to your host to spread salt on your food, which means that you find the meal terrible. Japan is a very polite nation, and their fondness for etiquette extends to the use of chopsticks. According to Japanese custom, if you're in the middle of eating, use the opposite end of your chopsticks to secure food from a shared plate. When doing business in Turkey, it's the custom for your host to pay for your meal. Requests to split the bill won't be accepted. If you would like to pay your fair share, Turks recommend inviting your host to a follow-up meal. \n Answer: You can use blue ink to write notes to your friend from South Korea.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is tree according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe027419ba3a401799b5fecfa62f2b83",
            "input": "Article: In the countries of South and Southeast Asia, the elephant has been an important part of the culture, economy and religion for centuries. And nowhere more so than in Thailand. Unlike its African cousin, the Asian elephant is easily domesticated . The rare so-called white elephants have actually lent the power of royalty  to its rulers,and until the 1920s the national flag was a white elephant on a red background. To the early Western visitors, the country's romantic name was\" Land of the White Elephant\". Today, however, the story is very different. Out of work and out of land, the Thai elephant struggles for survival in a nation that no longer needs it. The elephant has found itself more or less deserted by previous owners who have moved on to a different economic world and a society in the western part. And while the elephant's problems began many years ago, now it has a very low national advantage. How does the national symbol turn into ignored animals? It is a story of worse environment and the changing lives of the Thais themselves. According to Richard Lair, Thailand's expert on the Asian elephant and author of the report Gone Astray, at the turn of the last century, there may well have been as many as 100,000 national elephants in the country. In the north of Thailand alone, it was estimated that more than 20,000 elephants were employed in transport, 1,000 of them alone on the road between the cities of Chiang Mai and Chiang Saen. This was at a time when 90 percent of Thailand was still forest---a habitat that not only supported the animals but also made them necessary to carry goods and people. Nothing ploughs through thick forest better than lots of sure-footed elephants. By 1950 the elephant population had dropped, but still to the number of 13, 397. However, today there are probably no more than 3,800, with another l,350 wandering free in the national parks. But now, Thailand's forest covers only 20 percent of the land. This deforestation is the central point of the elephant's difficult situation, for it has effectively put the animals out of work. This century, as the road network grew, the elephant's role as a beast of burden decreased. \n Answer: It is hard to domesticate them.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about African elephants from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8bc08fb9cb864f01ad56cd390b9f67f7",
            "input": "Article: We are going to see the ruins of Machu Picchu in the mountains of the Andes.Machu Picchu was forgotten for centuries but discovered in 1911 by Hiram Bingham, a professor from Yale.It is said to be one of the most beautiful ancient sites in the world. The Incas built the ancient civilization of Machu Picchu between the 12th century and the early 16th century.They spoke a language called Quechua but had no writing system at all.They kept records on various coloured strings with knots called quipu. The Incas proved to be wonderful architects.They built most of their buildings with huge stones but without using any cement  to stick them together.However, the huge stones fit together so perfectly that you cannot force a sharp knife between two blocks.They also built bridges, tunnels through mountains and channels to bring water to their cities--just as the Romans did.The Incas turned the mountains into farmlands and planted corn and potatoes, and raised animals like llama and alpaca for food. Now Machu Piccu has become a major tourist site in Peru, attracting people from all over the world. \n Answer: About a century ago.",
            "output": [
                "How long ago was Machu Picchu discovered?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-55134affcc814f5bb79562093b51d3c7",
            "input": "Article: WASHINGTON--A baby born with the virus that causes AIDS appears to have been cured, scientists announced Sunday, describing the case of a child from Mississippi who's now 2.5 and has been off medication for about a year with no signs of infection. There's no evidence that shows that the child will remain healthy, although complex testing uncovered just traces of the virus' genetic material still lingering . If so, it would mark only the world' s second reported cure. Specialists say Sunday's announcement, at a major AIDS meeting in Atlanta, offers promising clues for efforts to remove HIV infection in children, especially in African countries where too many babies are born with the virus. \"You could call this about as close to a cure,\" Dr. Anthony Fauci of the National Institutes of Health, who is familiar with the findings, told The Associated Press.     A doctor gave this baby faster and stronger treatment than usual, starting a three-drug mixture within 30 hours of birth. That was before tests confirmed the infant was infected and not just at risk from a mother whose HIV wasn't diagnosed until she was in labor . \"I just felt like this baby was at higher-than-normal risk, and deserved our best shot,\" Dr. Hannah Gay, a pediatric HIV specialist at the University of Mississippi, said in an interview. That fast action apparently knocked out HIV in the baby's blood before it could form hideouts in the body. Those so-called reservoirs of dormant cells usually rapidly reinfect anyone who stops medication, said Dr. Deborah Persaud of Johns Hopkins Children's Center. Next, Persaud's team is planning a study to try to prove that, with more aggressive treatment of other high-risk babies. \"Maybe we'll be able to block this reservoir seeding.\" Persaud said. No one should stop anti-AIDS drugs as a result of this case, Fauci warned. \n Answer: The virus causing AIDS was completely removed from the baby.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f4d6e2f84064b8b91228b227f9046a6",
            "input": "Article: We can express our feelings and needs by using body language. Cats can do that too. The ways that cats use their tails to show their feelings and needs are interesting. Unlike dogs, which generally wave their tails to express good feelings, cats use their tails to send a lot of signals. When a cat waves its tail strongly from side to side, it may be a sign for us to leave it alone, or we may get scrathed  . Throwing a little toy for the cat to play with can get it relaxed. When a cat holds its tail upwards with a slight move, it means the animal is very happy to see its owner. We all like to cuddle   inside our bed, and cats do that thing, too. Much as little children like to wrap (......) their arms around their Teddy Bears, cats like to wrap their own tails around their bodies to get a sense of safety while asleep. If we notice a cat sleeping in such a position, we should not break its peace. Usually the tip of the cat's tail doesn't draw our attention. But its particular position may also show the cat's feelings. For example, a cat holding the tip of its tail pointed downwards may try to say that it is not feeling comfortable. So at this point, the cat not only feels angry, but also unsafe. This may again be a sign for us not to upset the cat in any way. In conclusion, cats use their tails in many different, sometimes funny ways to send us messages, and we can learn to know more. \n Answer: Cats show more feelings with tails than dogs.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, in which way are cats different from dogs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b3e5de0a0a964c8dbcccf1cbef16f7a5",
            "input": "Article: Check out our tsunami facts and learn some interesting information related to these great walls of water that can cause so much destruction. Find out what causes tsunamis and read about some recent examples of tsunamis that have occurred around the globe.               The Japanese word for tsunami means harbor wave. Tsunamis are sometimes called tidal   waves but this term has fallen out of favour because tsunamis are not related to tides. Tsunamis are huge waves of water that are usually caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.               As a tsunami approaches the shore, water may move back from the coast. If it is shallow enough the water may be pulled back hundreds of metres. If you are in the area, you can know that a tsunami is on the way when you see this phenomenon.               Regions in tsunami danger zones often have warning systems in place to give people as much time as possible to move to a safe place.               When tsunamis hit shallow water (often near the coast) they slow down but increase in height.               An earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Indonesia in December 2004 caused a tsunami that killed over 200,000 people in 14 countries.                In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people.               The tsunami waves created by the Tohoku earthquake reached a height of over 40 metres in some areas, wiping out coastal towns and causing a number of nuclear accidents. \n Answer: Four.",
            "output": [
                "How many causes of tsunamis are mentioned in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-43da71d2a2f54663b17b36a518dbb6a0",
            "input": "Article: There was once a beautiful nymph called Echo. But Echo had one failing; she was fond of talking, and whether in chat or argument, would have the last word. As she was good company, she and Zeus became good friends. However, Zeus' wife, Hera, became jealous. She followed Zeus to the earth to find out what he was doing and Zeus asked Echo to distract Hera until he could escape. Later when Hera discovered she had been tricked, she became very angry. She turned on Echo and said, \"You shall lose the use of your tongue because you cheated me. You'll have the last word, bur no longer have the power to speak first.\" So from that moment on, Beautiful Echo was hardly able to hold a conversation because she could only repeat the last words of those around her. She became very embarrassed and hid herself deep in the woods. One day a handsome young man called Narcissus came into the woods. He had been hunting deer and lost his way. However, the moment Echo saw him, she fell in love with him. She followed him, wishing to tell him but unable to begin a conversation. Oh, how she wished she could speak first. Unfortunately, Narcissus was far too busy worrying about where his companions might be and how he could find his way home. Eventually Narcissus, with Echo following behind along, came to a pool of water in the middle of the woods. Feeling thirsty, Narcissus bent down to drink. As he did so, he saw a beautiful creature in the water staring up at him. He immediately bent over and said to him, \"I love you!\" Echo, nearby, and seeing her chance, immediately responded \".... I love you!\" But it was too late. Narcissus was already in love, with himself. The stranger seemed to rise up closer to Narcissus who was so involved that he entirely failed to notice Echo. \"I want to stay and look at this beautiful sight forever,\" he whispered dreamily to himself.\"... Forever,\" repeated Echo sadly. \"Come here,\" called Narcissus to his reflection as he moved his head and the creature seemed to move away. \"...Here.\" responded Echo. Narcissus bent back down to see his reflection more clearly. \"So beautiful! I've never seen anything so beautiful!\" \"....So beautiful!\" responded Echo truthfully. Narcissus remained by the water refusing all Echo's silent offers of food and drink until he died. Where he had been, a flower grew in his place, as beautiful as Narcissus himself. As for Echo, from that time forward, she also didn't eat or drink till she turned to rocks and all that was left was her voice. Even now you can still hear Echo trying to attract Narcissus' attention by repeating his words and still see Narcissus as a beautiful flower growing near a pool. \n Answer: Because Hera had taken away her ability to speak first.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Echo unable to let Narcissus know she loved him?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c1e891bc75fd41699ec536f4b910561c",
            "input": "Article: A When you think of success, you think of relative achievements in your own world. Each element of your world is important to you, and there is no need to compare with others. You cannot affect the success of others; you can affect your own success. Success is very much achievable to everybody. Believe that and you have taken the first step. If you do not believe in yourself, then building self-esteem is your first task. However, believing in your ability to achieve whatever you want to succeed in is very important if you are not to be held back by self-doubt throughout your journey to success. There are many things that will affect your ability to succeed, and it is best to focus on those under your immediate control. Once you do that, then the characteristics you develop can be applied to becoming successful in a range of activities. What is important to you is that, as you start to reach milestones in your ambitions, you should appreciate your own achievements. Appreciating yourself will strengthen your self-confidence and your determination to succeed. Some of the key characteristics you will find in those who are successful are perseverance, prepared to research, plan, work hard and practice a lot even when things do not seem to be going well, and an ability to recover and learn from setbacks. At the beginning of whatever you are trying to succeed in, a strong vision of your future, planning, and setting yourself achievable tar gets can all play an important role. All these qualities, skills and characteristics can be learned and developed. But it is up to you to get things started. Those who do not start travel nowhere. For others, life can be a continuous journey of fulfillment. \n Answer: Feel confident about your ability.",
            "output": [
                "56. According to the passage, if you want to achieve success, what should you do first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7077b5f67dfc4919be8c13465c30cda9",
            "input": "Article: When Jamie Beondik saw a puppy getting beaten with a chain, he tried to help. What he got in return was a beating of his own and he had to go to hospital. The neighbors saw the fourmonthold black dog named Tomba Wednesday morning being beaten, choked and dragged on a chain by a man on a bike. Jamie decided to get involved, telling the man to stop hurting Tomba. \"He started swinging the chain around in the air and I said 'OK. Well, I'm going to call the police.' And that's when he hit me with the chain,\" said Jamie. He got hit in the legs and then the man and the dog ran off. Twenty minutes later, the man came back and attacked Jamie with a slingshot   before throwing a rock at him, hitting him in the back. Jamie now has to use the wall to steady himself and his hands won't stop shaking, but he expects to be OK. Despite his injuries, he has no regrets. Jamie says he'd do it all again. \"He was hurting the dog. I have had a dog for 13 years that looked just like Tomba. The dog was crying for help. I just wanted him to let the dog go. I didn't think he'd beat me,\" said Jamie. The police arrested the man, who would face at least one charge of assault  . Tomba obviously was not seriously injured. \"That's all that's important. The dog's okay and he's in prison,\" said Jamie. \n Answer: A man was beaten due to his protecting an abused dog",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f7a6d5049c254c0c8e9c78aee870d9df",
            "input": "Article: If you are planning to study in the United States, you need to consider several factors. Everyone has different opinions about where is the best place to live in. Also, the best places to live in are not always home to the best schools. Finally, many schools specialize in different areas of study. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for example, is a great school for computer science and technology-related fields of study. However, if you want to study oceanography , your interests may be better served by attending school in a place that is on a coastline or near the ocean. Now I am sure that you know which schools are considered the best in the country. So I will tell you about which states I believe are the best to live in. California is a nice state. Northern California specifically has very good weather. Los Angeles in southern California is another story, though. Life in LA is full of excitement and fast, and sometimes dangerous. As for me, I enjoyed the time I spent in Massachusetts, Virginia and Maryland and these states have a lot of history and culture. The weather is not as perfect as Northern California, but it is still quite nice. My favorite area of America is the Mid-west. Middle America, I think, is home to the true American sense of values. In addition, there are many good universities there. Also, you need to think about your likes and dislikes and then research the various states. You like sunshine and hate snow? Then you probably won't like the Midwest or even the Northeast. Open space, nature and peace? Then you probably should stay away from America's large cities. Are you interested in government? Then Washington D. C. is the only place for you. Whatever you decide, put some thought into it. The place you live in could be the difference between a great study-abroad experience and a state of great suffering on earth. \n Answer: The living condition",
            "output": [
                "What, according to the author, should be considered first if you want to study in the USA?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-48e3b90ceff440a3be52c338873dfbc1",
            "input": "Article: A Letter from Steve Jobs August 24, 2011 To the Apple Board of Directors and the Apple Community, I have always said if there ever came a day when I could no longer meet my duties and expectations as Apple's CEO, I would be the first to let you know. Unfortunately, that day has come. So I resign as CEO of Apple. I would like to serve, if the Board feels fit, as Chairman of the Board, director and Apple employee. As far as my successor goes, I strongly suggest that we name Tim Cook as CEO of Apple. I believe Apple's brightest days are ahead of it. And I look forward to watching and contributing to its success in a new role. I have made some of the best friends of my life at Apple, and I thank you all for the many years of being able to work alongside you. Steve More Information: Steve Jobs (February 24, 1955--October 5, 2011) was an American businessman, designer and inventor. He is best known as the co-founder, chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc. Unluckily, in 2003, Jobs was diagnosed with a pancreas neuroendocrine tumor . Although the cancer was treated in the first place, he appeared thinner as his health fell. On medical leave for most of 2011, Jobs finally made a decision to resign as Apple CEO in August that year. Shortly after that, on October 5, he died. He continues to receive honors and public attention for his influence in the technology and music industries. \n Answer: He felt he could no longer meet the responsibilities as a CEO.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jobs resign as CEO of Apple according to the letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c419f59f2bb3449d869a38b2cae45c8f",
            "input": "Article: Students at New Market Elementary School had a fitter lifestyle last week. About 50 students participated in a 30-minute workout after school on Friday in the school's gym. This was a Fit Fridays program introduced at the school by Families Plus, a non-profit group that provides programs to enrich the lives of families and children in Frederick County. The free program aims to encourage students from kindergarten through fifth grade to be physically active by having them participate in various age-appropriate activities designed to promote a love of exercise, according to Kim Ragan, head of the program. The program, which started at the school on Nov.9, 2012, has since become a hit, Ragan said. Emily Liston, 37, said the program allows students to focus on fitness as a priority in their lives. \"There're so many things to stop them from being active,\" she said. \"So, anything to keep them moving is good, especially in the winter months\". Jennifer Mitchell, 40, whose daughter Alexandra, 7, participated in the Fit Fridays program, said that learning the importance of being active isn't the only thing students are learning from the new program. \"It's a great opportunity for them to get some exercise and also to learn to get along and socialize, to learn teamwork,\" she said. \"In school they have to do activities like this but they want to do it.\"  Riley Glynn, 9, a fourth grader at the school, said his favorite part of the program is getting to spend more time with his friends. \"It's fun to play with people,\" Riley said. \"It's like physical education after school but it really helps you.\"   \"You learn how to make yourself stronger,\" said Megan Hummel, 7, a first grader. Ragan said she plans to expand the program to include other schools in the county, but she has been having trouble finding fitness instructors to participate. \"As soon as I can get instructors to teach we'll expand,\" she said. \n Answer: To keep students active through exercise",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the Fit Fridays program?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-79102f3837aa4d3da23f27241eb00253",
            "input": "Article: Instead of a normal court hearing, the trial on Wednesday appeared more like a prepared drama. Hundreds of reporters waited outside the court, in the hope of learning \"shocking\" information about the case, which includes well-known military singer Li Shuangjiang's son, who gang-raped a woman with another four men on February. The case was not a public hearing because it includes teenagers, whose privacy must be protected under law, but many details had been exposed by the lawyers before the trial. Lawyers of all five suspects and the woman's lawyer made a lot of debate on the Internet before the trial, making the case more confused. Wu Ming'an, a law professor from the China University of Political Science and Law, said it was a pity to see such a \"performance\" by the lawyers. \"It can be understood that the two parties freely spoke their opinions, but it's not professional or wise to see lawyers do the same,\" Wu said. \"Instead, the lawyers should guide and persuade their clients  to calm down, especially for such a non-public and sensitive case.\" China has no clear rule to manage lawyers' behavior before trials, \"but it should be general knowledge that the lawyers of the two sides cannot _ too many details, particularly in a case that includes teenagers\", Wu added. Yi Shenghua, a lawyer who has been following the case, said it does more harm than good to both parties for such detailed information to be exposed before the trial. \"It's OK for lawyers to speak, but what is said must be reasonable and legal. Although judgments should not be affected by public opinion, it's hard for them not to be,\" he said, suggesting judicial authorities should speak out if the case goes wrongly. Trials must be conducted based on evidence, while lawyers should protect their clients' rights instead of adding fuel to the flames, Yi said. In my eyes, the most important aspect of the case, lies in how to make lawyers do their work more professionally and reasonably. \n Answer: Because many details had already been exposed before the trial.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the case not a public hearing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b3d1dfe9d73442448b1de28199e6cb8a",
            "input": "Article: Should people be allowed to use cellphones while driving? Alejandra Pachecho from Venezuela: No. Why not? That is because in this world some people drive very crazily. Also, most people who use cellphones to talk in the car usually pay more attention to what they are talking about than to driving. One of the reasons that I feel this way is that ny friend had a car accident while using a cellphone. He lost his life and his friends did, too. Rodrigo Cruz from Colombia: That depends. The a dvantages of using a cellphone while driving are that you can call the police if there is a car accident, call for help when somebody's car breaks down, and call when somebody needs something before arriving home or at the office. The disadvantages is that people get distracted  when they are driving at the same time they are talking on a cellular phone. It can cause car accidents. Carl Khalid from Saudi Arabia: No. I would recommend if you want to use a cellphone while you're driving, pull over and take your time. You will avoid a  lot of trouble. There are many advantages of using cellphones in cars. In emergencies such as accidents, a flat  tire or engine problem, the cellphone is useful for calling 911 for help. Using the cellphone while driving can save time, but using it while driving can alsocause a lot of problems such as missing a red light or signs, not observing cars, or not paying attention to the speed limit. It causes a lot of problems. All these problems could cause loss of concentration. Mirna Hazim: Yes. A cellphone is helpful; it is one of the most important communication devices. For example, if you want to talk with somebody for an important reason, you can. One time when I was coming back from work at 10 o'clock at night, I had a problem with my car. It wouldn't move. I was scared to go into a store to call my brother because I didn't know  the places there. I thought it could be dangerous. That night, I found out that owning a cellphone is important. What do you think of cellphone? Send your opinion to our website. \n Answer: Alejandra Pachecho and Mirna Hazim",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following groups have the same view about using cellphones while driving?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c2ebf9f40dc4f5b88354e7b05303178",
            "input": "Article: If you're someone who is eager to do something beyond the ordinary, you must have figured out by now that there will always be those who are jealous or resentful  of your success. It doesn't matter that you've worked long and hard to get where you are, nor that you've made great sacrifices in achieving your goals. The \"haters\" will always find a reason to speak ill of you and even condemn you. They're spiteful   people who envy you the pride you have in yourself and the recognition you're receiving from others. They can't stand it that you're happy, fulfilled and achieving your goals. These hateful individuals are unwilling to do the work that you've done. They hate your success but are too lazy to invest real time or energy in achieving their own goals. The thing you need to know about these haters is that the only reason they behave this way is that you have something they want, but they aren't willing to work for it. The haters are convinced that you've been lucky or that you've had some unfair advantage, but the truth is that your success is born of your untiring efforts, and it's these efforts that have brought about your \"luck.\" The best way to deal with haters is what I call the \"one-two punch.\" First, don't let them hurt you. Be happy about your success and proud of your accomplishments. Company with those who approve you, recognize you and support you, and never doubt that you deserve all the success. The haters are angry, jealous people. What they think or say is meaningless. Next, the more the haters annoy you, the more you should be motivated to succeed. They want to ruin you, but your response should be to work that much harder in order to increase your level of success. When your reaction to their bad behavior has inspired you to achieve further success, you've transformed the haters' negativity   into fuel for your creative fires. Not only can they not hurt you but they've inspired you onto even greater heights by chance. \n Answer: They envy you the success.",
            "output": [
                "Why will the \"haters\" always find a reason to speak ill of you?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7446596782ca4a2b848e09fd811c5ef2",
            "input": "Article: The idea of \"law\" exists in every culture. All societies have some kind of law to keep order and to control the interactions of people with those around them. The laws of any culture tell people three things: what they can do (their right), what they must do (their duties), and what they may not do. In addition, there are usually specific types of punishment for those who break the law. Although all societies have laws, not all have the same idea of justice--which is \"right\" and \"wrong\" and how \"wrong\" should be punished. In most Western cultures, it is thought that punishing criminals will prevent them from committing other crimes. Also, it is hoped that the fear of punishment will act as a deterrent  that prevents other people from committing similar crimes; in other words, people who are considering a life of crime will decide against it because of fear of punishment. In most non-Western cultures, by contrast, punishment is not seen as a deterrent. Instead, great importance is placed on restoring balance in the situation. A thief, for example, may be ordered to return the things he has stolen instead of, as in Western societies, spending time in prison. Another difference in the concept of justice lies in various societies' ideas of what laws are. In the West, people consider \"laws\" quite different from \"customs\". There is also a great contrast between \"sins\" (breaking religious laws) and \"crimes\" (breaking laws of the government). In many non-Western cultures, on the other hand, there is little separation of customs, laws, and religious beliefs; in other cultures, these three may be quite separate from one another, but still very much different from those in the West. For these reasons, an action may be considered a crime in one country, but be socially acceptable in others. For instance, although a thief is viewed as a criminal in much of the world, in a small village where there is considerable communal  living and sharing of objects, the word thief may have little meaning. Someone who has taken something without asking is simply considered an impolite person. Most countries have two kinds of law: criminal and civil. People who have been accused of acts such as murder or theft are heard in the criminal justice system, while civil justice deals with people who are believed to have violated others' rights. The use of the civil system reflects the values of the society in which it exists. In the United States where personal, individual justice is considered very important, civil law has become \"big business.\" There are over 600,000 lawyers in the United States, and many of them keep busy with civil lawsuits; that is, they work for people who want to sue others. If a man falls over a torn rug in a hotel and breaks his arm, for instance, he might decide to sue the hotel owners so that they will pay his medical costs. In a country like Japan, by contrast, there is very little use of the civil justice system. Lawsuits are not very popular in Japan, where social harmony is even more important than individual rights, and where people would rather reach agreement outside court. \n Answer: Punishment has double functions.",
            "output": [
                "Which is TRUE in most Western cultures?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-74d44d33141e457595cd269d5ac96aa7",
            "input": "Article: The USA, New York--Whales and dolphins are facing increasing threats from climate change, according to a new report published by WWF and the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS). The report \"Whales in hot water?\" draws attention to the growing impacts of climate change on whales.They range from changes in sea temperature and the freshening of the seawater because of the melting of ice and increased rainfalls, to a sea level rise, loss of icy polar habitats and the _ of krill populations in key areas.Krill, a tiny shrimp that is dependent on sea ice, is the main source of food for many of the great whales. The speeding up of climate change adds greatly to trouble from other human activities, such as chemical and noise pollution, which kills some 1000 whales every day. \"Whales and dolphins have an ability to adapt to their changing environment,\" said Mark Simmonds, International Director of Science at WDCS.\"But the climate is now changing at such a fast pace that it is unclear to what extent whales and dolphins will be able to adjust.\" Climate change impacts are currently greatest in the Arctic and the Antarctic.According to the report, cetaceans that rely on polar, icy waters for their home and food resources are likely to be greatly affected by the reduction of sea ice cover. WDCS and WWF are urging governments to cut global production of C02 by at least 50 percent by the middle of this century.The latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change showed it was possible to stop global warming if the world's emissions start to decline before 2015. \n Answer: High sea level",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the most important for whales and dolphins?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-75878825f91243d4a77c07a5c2b3cc33",
            "input": "Article: Busy senior managers need no longer waste time in showering themselves-an Australian company has invented a suit that can be worn while they wash. The suit has been specially designed so that it can be cleaned under the showerhead. There is no need for soaking  ,dry cleaning-or even soap. The Japanese market has taken a liking to the \"shower suit\",described as \"revolutionary\" by its owner Australian Wool Innovation (AWI),which is the research and marketing body that represents Australian wool-growers. Orders have been placed for 170,000 of the woolen suits. The suit could be worn in the shower,although it was probably better to hang it on a clothes hanger and carry it instead,AWI corporate affairs spokesman Stephen Feighan said.\"The idea is that you hang it up and then...you give it a spray  ,and it's dry the next morning,\" Mr Feighan said. A Japanese researcher working for AWI invented the suit by combining three technologies. The secret is the best lining  ,which allows the suit to dry quickly.The shower suit attracted busy corporate people,particularly those who often traveled or stayed up late,Mr Feighan said.The airline industry was also interested. Mr Feighan confessed he had not worn one of the suits yet,or tried to wash it in the shower,because they cut to fit Japanese figures.AWI believes that the shower suit will spread from the Japanese market through Europe and India. Mr Feighan hoped the suit,made from local wool,would be available in Australia in 12 to 18 months' time. \n Answer: To introduce a newly-designed shower suit.",
            "output": [
                "What is the writing purpose of the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4ed65595b88d47dcafd42df21bcc7d14",
            "input": "Article: (1)Full-time Secretary Position Available Applicants should have at least 2 year's experience and be able to type 60 words a minute.No computer skills required.Apply in person at United Business Ltd, 17 Browning Street, Leeds. (2)Part-time Job We require three part-time shop assistants to work during the evening.No experience required, applicants should be between 18 and 26 years old.Call 0115665643 for more information. (3)Computer Trained Secretaries Do you have experience working with computers? If you want to know more about us, call 0457996754. (4)Teaching Assistants Needed Hania's Playshool needs 2 young teaching assistants to help with classes from 9 to 3 pm.Applicants should have references.For more information please visit www.Haniaplayschool.com.uk. (5)Weekend Work Available We are looking for retired adults who would like to work part-time on weekends for Rubberlast Group Ltd.Duties include answering the telephone and giving customers' information.For more information call us at 0113--6741326. (6)University Positions Open The University of Bristol is looking for 4 teaching assistants to help with homework correction.Applicants should have a degree in one of the following Political Science, English, Economics or History.Please call the University of Bristol for more information. (7)Home Delivery Representative We are looking for someone who has excellent customer care, communication skills, a sales background with at least one year's experience and is a good team player with creative ideas.In return we offer a starting salary of $ 20,000 and 25 days paid holiday per year.For more information please call Direct Delivery Team of Yorkshire Post on 0113--2388318. \n Answer: Teaching Assistant in the University of Bristol.",
            "output": [
                "Which position is most suitable for a retired person?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe073720a76e4ce39148efe106abd583",
            "input": "Article: China's position on the World Trade Organization(WTO) issue has not changed, Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Zhang Qiyue said yesterday at a routine press briefing. However, the atmosphere surrounding the WTO accession talks has been spoiled by NATO'S bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade  , he added. Zhang stressed the US - led NATO bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Yugoslavia had aroused the strong indignation of the Chinese people, and put Sino - U. S. relations into difficult straits.   The bombing incident has affected the atmosphere surrounding the two sides' negotiation on the WTO accession, he said China demanded prompt, adequate and effective compensation  for the Chinese loss of lives, injuries and loss of property. Shen Guofang, China's acting permanent representative to the United Nations, said on Wednesday that \"Kosovo is Part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and it is not the United Nation's trustee territory\". Shen, who took the floor at an international conference on Kosovo as the senior representative of Chinese Foreign Minister TangJiaxuan, called on the international community to respect the sovereignty  and territorial integrity  of Yugoslavia. \n Answer: It is reasonable for the strong countries to control the weak countries.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is right according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-559c15f154b94307b60d880cfccfd21f",
            "input": "Article: It's 10 pm. You may not know where your child is, but the chip does.  The chip will also know if your child has fallen and needs immediate help. Once doctors arrive, the chip will also be able to tell them which drugs are not suitable for little Johnny or Janie. At the hospital, the chip will tell doctors his or her complete medical history. And of course, when you arrive to pick up your child, settling the hospital bill with your health insurance policy will be a simple matter of waving your own chip-the one embedded in your hand.  To some, this may sound unbelievable. But the technology for such chips is no longer the stuff of science fiction. And it may soon offer many other benefits besides locating lost children or elderly patients. It could be used as credit cards and people won't have to carry wallets anymore.     On the other hand, some are already wondering what this sort of technology may do to the sense of personal privacy and liberty.    \"Any technology of this kind could result in abuse of personal privacy,\" says Lee Tien, senior staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation. \"If a kid can be tracked, do you want other people to be able to track your kid? It's a double-edged sword.\" Applied Digital Solutions, Inc. in Palm Beach, Florida, says it has recently applied to the Food and Drug Administration for permission to begin testing its device in humans. About the size of a grain of rice, the microchip can be encoded   with bits of information and embedded in humans under a layer of skin. When scanned by a nearby reader, the embedded chip gives the data. Most embedded chip designs are so-called passive chips, which give information only when scanned by a nearby reader. But active chips-such as the proposed Digital Angel of the future-will give out information all the time. And that means designers will have to develop some sort of power source that can provide a continuous source of energy, yet be small enough to be embedded with the chips. In addition to technical problems, many suspect that all sorts of legal and privacy issues would have to be cleared as well. \n Answer: Cautious.",
            "output": [
                "What is the attitude of Lee Tien towards the chips?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-43cf4060cf0a42188fa78d5f03b7d2c2",
            "input": "Article: Blair: Blair was the first to appear in movies in history. In 1905, Blair appeared in the movie Rescued by Rover  . It is a British film that a baby is kidnapped by an old woman, but the faithful family dog Rover saves the baby at last. Though Rover is a common name, it became popular because of the dog hero in the movie. Lassie: lassie used to be the most famous dog in the world. She is a character who has starred   in many movies, TV shows and books over the years. Lassie was created by Eric Knight and made her way into a short story in a newspaper in 1913 and into a novel in 1940. Laika: Laika is the first animal that has orbited the earth. On November  3, 1957, Laika was sent to space in the Soviet Union's Sputnik 2.(2). The Soviets admitted soon after the launch that the spacecraft would not return. It meant that the poor animal would die. People argued a lot about Laika's death. Several countries issued stamps in memory of Laika. She became the first animal to give her life for the exploration of space. Rin Tin Tin: Rin Tin Tin is the first American dog movie star. He first appeared in WhereThe North Begins in 1925. Rin Tin Tin went on to make 25 movies, he even signed his own contracts with paw prints . During his best time, he earned about 5 million dollars for those people who worked for him. Snoopy: snoopy may be the most famous cartoon dog in the world. As a hunting beagle   from Charles Schultz' popular newspaper comic strip  , Peanuts, snoopy first appeared in 1950. Though snoopy was at first a minor figure, he grew to become the strip's best-known character. He is famous for always sleeping on top of his doghouse and sometimes dressing up and pretending himself as a World War I airplane pilot. Snoopy appeared in the Peanuts comic strips until Schultz's retirement ( and death ) in February of 2000. \n Answer: 3",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage how many dogs starred in movies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-88005effd36044cb80a9047b1b6ffcdf",
            "input": "Article: Tayka Hotel de Sal Where:Tahua, Bolivia How much:about $95 a night Why it's cool:You've stayed at hotels made of brick or wood, but salt? That's something few can claim. Tayka Hotel de Sal is made totally of salt--including the beds (though you'll sleep on regular mattresses and blankets). The hotel sits on the Salar de Uyuni, a prehistoric driedup lake that's the world's biggest salt flat. Builders use the salt from the 4,633squaremile flat to make the bricks, and glue them together with a paste of wet salt that hardens when it dries. When rain starts to dissolve the hotel, the owners just mix up more salt paste to strengthen the bricks. Green Magic Nature Resort Where: Vythiri, India How much: about $240 a night Why it's cool: Riding a pulleyoperated  lift 86 feet to your treetop room is just the start of your adventure. As you look out of your open window--there is no glass--you watch monkeys and birds in the rain forest canopy.  Later you might test your fear of heights by crossing the handmade rope bridge to the main part of the hotel. You don't even have to come down for breakfast--the hotel will send it up on the pulleydrawn \"elevator\". Dog Bark Park Inn B&B Where: Cottonwood, Idaho How much: $92 a night Why it's cool: This doghouse isn't just for the family pet. Sweet Willy is a 30foottall dog with guest rooms in his belly. Climb the wooden stairs beside his hind leg to enter the door in his side. You can relax in the main bedroom, go up a few steps to the loft in Willy's head, or hang out inside his nose. Gamirasu Cave Hotel Where: Ayvali, Turkey How much: between $130 and $475 a night Why it's cool: Experience what it was like 5,000 years ago, when people lived in these mountain caves formed by volcanic ash. But your stay will be much more modern. Bathrooms and electricity provide what you expect from a modern hotel, and the white volcanic ash, called tufa, keeps the rooms cool, about 65degFin summer. \n Answer: It is located on an old lake.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about Tayka Hotel de Sal is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e4ca838d56b45659dbc923d6ce4589e",
            "input": "Article: Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to \"leave the nest\" and begin an independent life. After children leave home, they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married. Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses through other friends, at jobs,  and in organizations and religious institutions. Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices. In many families, parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do exactly the opposite of what their parents wish in order to be independent. A son may decide not to go into his father's business on purpose because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy  in his father's workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family. Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self-reliance and independence. \n Answer: They have independence.",
            "output": [
                "The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show which of the following?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-964939d3f27742828fbe4c64ff63313d",
            "input": "Article: NEW YORK---Booksellers and technology companies are diving into the world of digital books. Sony Corp is selling the Reader Digital Book for $299, while giant online shopping company Amazon.com offers the Kindle for $399. The digital books are light, easy on the eyes and let readers carry around as many as 200 titles in hardware that weighs less than a pound. But to some people, there's something missing. \"It's , I guess, the feel of holding a book that someone really put a lot of effort into writing,\" said Katy Farina, 21. Farina, a college student who was browsing   at a bookstore, said, \"It feels real, while the reader separates you a little bit from the story.\" Harry Howe, a professor, said he might use an e-book reader in search of materials while away from home, but not for reading a novel. \"It's just not a physical experience that I'm yet comfortable with. On the other hand, I didn't grow up reading things on websites.\" Farina said she would like a reader for travelling because she would not have to transport so many books. \"To put 10 books on your Sony reader or on your Kindle is a lot better than carrying 10 books,\" she said. Neither Sony nor Amazon would say how many machines they have sold, but enough people are interested in trying them out. An Amazon official at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week said the Kindle sold out on its first day in 6 hours. And for people hesitating between paper and e-books, Sony does offer a compromising -- an optional paper cover. \"I think it's a clever move.\" Said Howe. \n Answer: Technology.",
            "output": [
                "Which section is the passage most likely to appear in?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6cb008968b0f4821972035da8404d33a",
            "input": "Article: Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport . He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only _ the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish to their way. \n Answer: Take his family",
            "output": [
                "What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0048b276833a4c919e78d0257407bcec",
            "input": "Article: Doctors have a new weapon in the battle against obesity   -- a talking plate that tells people not to eat too quickly. The Mandometer monitors the amount of food leaving the plate, and tells users, \"Please eat more slowly.\" The PS1,500 Swedish device is to be used in a National Health Service plan to help hundreds of obese families lose weight. It comes in two parts -- a scale placed under the plate and a small computer screen showing a graphic  of the food gradually disappearing as the user eats. A red line on the screen shows the user's eating speed, while a blue line shows a healthy rate. If the user eats too fast, the red line angles away from the blue one, warning him or her to _ . If the lines deviate   too much, the computer voice comes on, and the  screen flashes the message \"Are you feeling full yet?\" to remind users to think about whether they have had enough. Britain has an increasingly serious obesity problem, with one in four adults and one in seven children classed as obese. After a recent trial using the device, experts believe teaching obese people to eat more slowly will help them know when they are full. Around 600 families with at least one obese parent and child (aged five or older) were targeted in the project by Bristol University, along with GPs and nurses. Professor Julian Hamilton-Shield, who is leading the plan, says obese children and adolescents using the Mandometer ate from 12 to 15 percent less per meal at the end of the 12-month trial. Six months after they stopped using the device they still ate less, and continued to lose weight. \"It will be a powerful tool to help families retrain their eating habits,\" he says. \n Answer: The user is full.",
            "output": [
                "What does the red line on the screen show?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8abb830c12de43c3aff470e1db73cf1b",
            "input": "Article: Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard patterns into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the \"standard patterns\" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions. Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedes, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community. Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The surprising distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers. This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. \n Answer: causes of the public disappointment about newspapers",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e2aa4ab3d3de4abbb45b92b82ee072d1",
            "input": "Article: One thing we love about soup is that it's easy to make and it only needs a few simple ingredients .Here are four of our favorite, simple homemade soups.Enjoy! \n Answer: By using a whole chicken.",
            "output": [
                "How can you make the chicken soup more delicious?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-28dc29378739481493457f58970f7fd9",
            "input": "Article: Two men dressed as police officers stole about $200 million worth of art from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum early this morning. The two burglars knocked on a side door of the museum at about 1:15 am. They told the two security guards on duty that there was a disturbance in the area. The guards then made the very serious mistake of allowing the two men to go into the building. After they went in, the two burglars tied the guards up with tape. The two men stole 11 paintings and an ancient Chinese vase. The stolen works included three paintings by Rembrandt. A maintenance worker discovered the two guards at about 7 am and called police. One of the greatest losses was Rembrandt's works, \"The Storm on the Sea of Galilee.\" It was a very popular attraction at the museum and was one of the most valuable works stolen. Museum officials said that the value of the stolen art is at least 200 million dollars, and may in fact be much more. The true value of the paintings is unknown, because they have not been on the market for nearly a century. This is considered to be the biggest theft ever in the United States. Officials are waiting to see whether the burglars will or try to sell them to a private collector. Museum officials and police are not sure why the burglars chose certain works and not others. There are other paintings in the museum that are even more valuable than the ones that were stolen. Special investigators are looking into the theft and the museum's security system. They believe that this is a \"professional job,\" because the people involved were well prepared and knew what they wanted. \n Answer: The security guards opened the door for them.",
            "output": [
                "How did the two burglars get into the museum?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e495702cb35d4fd3a41ea7c688ab910c",
            "input": "Article: Indoor Plants As with any house guests,indoor plants require a certain amount of basic,regular attention if they are going to feel at home. The first consideration when purchasing plants is to make reasonably sure that they are suitable for the condition in which they are going to be housed. A general rule for most plans being brought indoors for the first time is to ensure that they have reasonable temperature of not less than 60 degrees Fahrenheit,a position out of cold air,safe from pets and not exposed to strong sunlight. Plants love company. When plants are growing together,they create an atmosphere of damp around themselves which is far more beneficial than hot dry conditions. A group of plants will also present a more pleasing picture and provide an opportunity for a creative arrangement. There is no secret to this. Just rely on your natural feeling for harmony. Watering and feeding plants are probably the two areas of care that are the least well understood,but,again,if you follow a few simple rules,your plants should do well. Cold Slightly warm water is therefore the answer. It is usually better to pour water on to the soil on the surface of the pot rather than put the water into the pot holder at the bottom. Avoid giving small amount of water at regular intervals- it is much better to wet the soil right through the pot in one go and then to allow it to dry noticeably before giving it a further watering. The majority of indoor plants will be in active growth from March until October,and during this time,the established ones will benefit from regular feeding. This may mean feeding with a weak liquid fertilizer  at each watering or at intervals of a week or ten days with fertilizer at a standard strength. It is important,however,to ensure that plants are not fed when growth is inactive,when the soil in the pot is dry,or too soon after the plants has been potted up. \n Answer: It helps the air around them slightly wet.",
            "output": [
                "What's the benefit of plants growing together?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d7291436d757458aa8a2849e84d3af8a",
            "input": "Article: Along the seashore ,the tall coconut trees waved in he wind. The sand was white in the bright sun, and the ocean was dark blue. The houses in the town near the shore, were painted white. The boats had been pulled up on the shore. Usually they would all be in the water with hard-working fishermen. But today was a holiday, and everyone was  preparing for the celebration that was going to take place that evening. In the distance, men could be seen climbing the coconut trees. They were singing as they worked. There were monkeys in the trees, too. The monkeys were jumping up and down and screaming angrily.The climbers just laughed at the monkeys and continued to pick the fruits. \n Answer: It describes the scene on the seashore.",
            "output": [
                "What is this passage about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f433b61da954b83853a655ce1d772a3",
            "input": "Article: If you've ever owned a chimney, you know that it can get pretty dirty. There's a whole lot of soot  that gets stuck on the inside. That stuff has to get cleaned, or you could have a serious fire risk. While nowadays we have easier ways of doing this dirty job, in the way back days somebody used to climb up the chimney and clean all that soot. And the thing is, not just anybody could do it. You had to be really small to fit up in the chimney, so they used to give the task to kids - some as young as four or five years old. They worked for their boss known as a master-sweep. They were often covered in soot, and were very likely to get burned. They often developed what became known as soot wart, a form of cancer. Are your unfairness bells ringing? William Blake's certainly were. The physical dangers and widespread unfairness of the chimney-sweeping job really stuck in his throat, so much so that he wrote not one, but two poems called \"The Chimney Sweeper\". The first poem (the one we're discussing here)was published in 1789 in a book called Songs of Innocence. These little poems took children and the joys of childhood innocence as their subject. As you've probably guessed by now, many of the poems in Songs of Innocence, like \"The Chimney Sweeper\", are about the ways in which childhood innocence is destroyed by unkind old adults. For Blake, innocence is, in many ways, a total joke. It doesn't exist, because it's always taken away by the realistic world - chimney-sweeping, death, poverty, etc. What does a five-year-old chimney sweeper in 18th-century England have to do with you? More than you might think. It is reported that 150 million kids are in child labor in developing countries. Many of them work long hours and face dangerous health risks. Like Blake's chimney sweeper, these kids are not even given a chance at innocence because experience keeps getting in the way. \n Answer: Dirty and dangerous.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can best describe the chimney-sweeping job?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-63f5d10d60a544bf9a4a792eafdd65d8",
            "input": "Article: As anybody with children knows, dining out with kids is an entirely different experience from dining out with friends. If the restaurant offers crayons  , puzzles or toys of some sort, it takes a lot of the stress out of dining out with kids. Here, in no particular order, are our pick of top restaurants for kids. The Olive Garden The Olive Garden is a family favorite, especially because of the kids menu, crayons, and activity books. My daughter believes this famous Italian food chain has the \"best pizza ever\" on its kids menu. The kids also get to _ the famous Olive Garden bread --- a favorite for kids of all ages. The Silver Diner The Silver Diner, which has locations in New Jersey, Maryland and Virginia, gets a nod for featuring one of the most fun kids meal containers --- a heavy-duty paper car --- as well as old-fashioned, table-side jukebox selectors  .The menu wins too, both for its breadth   of choices, and for the number of them that are healthy. Legal Sea Foods The kids menu for popular seafood chain Legal Sea Foods is extensive   and features the most choices from the sea of any kids menu we've seen. The original Boston Harborside restaurant has a small children's menu, but its other locations all have 12 kid's choices, including a pricy   One Pound Lobster (or 1/2 pound), Wood-Grilled Fish of the Day, and Popcorn Shrimp selections. Ground Round This restaurant chain was a favorite of children growing up in the 1970s and early 1980s, as it served popcorn and peanuts before the meal instead of bread, and let kids throw the peanut shells on the floor. There were also cartoons and silent movies shown during dinner. Ground Round has changed with the times, but they still have delectable   offerings for kids. \n Answer: Its fun kids meal containers and jukebox selectors.",
            "output": [
                "What makes the Silver Diner different from the other restaurants for kids ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df7c84580b444b78bf32767b3c25f256",
            "input": "Article: Zhao Wenxuan,a film star from Taiwan,has been fond of seeing films since his childhood. He would sometimes go to the cinema for the same film four or five times. He also enjoys literature and art. Before he took the film acting as his career,he had worked in an airline in Taipei, the capital of Taiwan Province. His change of job to acting was quite by chance. One day,he came across in the paper an advertisement for a leading actor to appear in the film named \"Wedding Feast.\" Full of excitement,he answered the job ad by telephoning the director of the film -- Mr. Li An. It was this telephone call that had changed all his life. At last the director decided him to be the very person for the role. That he could be chosen owed much to his good command of English,natural manners and low pay for his work in the film. The film \"Wedding Feast\" proved to be a hit. It won the German Golden Bear Award and entered the competition for one of the Oscar Academy Awards. Also, it was the first Taiwan film that was permitted to be shown in the U. S. Thanks to the film,Zhao Wenxuan became popular in Taiwan, Hong Kong and southeast Asia. In 1994,Mr. Zhao acted as a leading role in the Hong Kong film,\"Red Rose and White Rose\",in which many film stars like Ms Chen Chong from U. S. and Ms Ye Yuqing from the local area participated. This film was named for 10 prizes of the Taiwan Golden Horse Prize and at last it was awarded five prizes for the best play,actress and music. Zhao has regarded the film as one of his favorite films since he stepped into the acting circle. Since 1993,Mr. Zhao has taken part in the shootings of 13 films, most of which are thought highly of. Mr. Zhao said the that Taiwan should think to cooperate much with the mainland in the film producing industry and it would benefit each other. In recent years he often came to the mainland for film shooting. He has just completed his performance in the film \"Love Affairs\" directed by Mr. LiXin,a director from Shanghai Film Studio. \n Answer: Because the director of the movie knew him very well.",
            "output": [
                "Why could Zhao Wenxuan play the leading role in the movie \"Wedding Feast\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4dcd0f4136aa4c1e8821a8c9ed2c2690",
            "input": "Article: If you hear the sound of a mobile phone beeping in a bag or pocket, you could think that someone has received a text message. Text messaging, or texting, is the art of sending a short, electronic message between two mobile phones. The users should pay a certain amount to send messages via SMS--- short message service. But in the last few years, with the development of smart phones, messaging in this way has been _  The rise of smart phones has seen an increase in the use of instant messaging apps. The apps offer a cheap alternative to traditional texts. Using wireless internet connections, people can send a number of messages to their friends at a very low cost. Unlike traditional mobile texts, the users usually only have to pay to download the app once, after which each message they send is free. Instant messaging apps have become popular all over the world. Hundreds of millions of people use the apps to chat with their friends. These apps allow people to send pictures messages for free---something which previously was quite costly. Many of these apps also allow users to have access to a huge range of colourful emotions, which can help people express their emotions. The research company Informa said that almost 19 billion messages were sent per day using chat apps last year, compared with 17.6 billion SMS texts. And it expects the chat app market to grow to 50 billion per day by 2015. So does this really mean the end of communicating by texting? Pamela Clark-Dickson from Informa doesn't think so. She says that there are a large number of people who use normal mobile phones, particularly in developing countries and prefer the SMS messaging tool. For the moment, these users still find that SMS is the best messaging experience for them. \n Answer: It will cost the users some money for downloading the apps.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about instant messaging apps?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e5a52cba74647dd9ee3d87a252506b3",
            "input": "Article: In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrents of passion flowing through you. Your job, as captain of your soul, is to erect dams to keep these passions in check. Your job is to just say no to laziness, lust, greed, drug use and the other sins. These days that model is out of fashion. You usually can't change your behavior by simply resolving to do something. Knowing what to do is not the same as being able to do it. Your willpower is not like a dam that can block the torrent of self-indulgence. It's more like a muscle, which tires easily. Moreover, you're a social being. If everybody around you is overeating, you'll probably do so, too. The 19th-century character model was based on an understanding of free will. Today, we know that free will is bounded. People can change their lives, but ordering change is not simple because many things, even within ourselves, are beyond our direct control. Much of our behavior, for example, is guided by unconscious habits. Researchers at Duke University calculated that more than 40 percent of the actions we take are governed by habit, not actual decisions. Researchers have also come to understand the structure of habits--cue, routine, reward. You can change your own personal habits. If you leave running shorts on the floor at night, that'll be a cue to go running in the morning. Don't try to ignore your afternoon snack craving. Every time you feel the cue for a snack, insert another routine. Take a walk. Their research thus implies a different character model, which is supposed to manipulate the neuralnetworks inside. To be an effective person, under this model, you are supposed to coolly examine your own unconscious habits, and the habits of those under your care. You are supposed to devise strategies to alter the cues and routines. Every relationship becomes slightly manipulative, including your relationship with yourself. You're trying to arouse certain responses by implanting certain cues. This is a bit disturbing, because the important habitual neural networks are not formed by mere routine, nor can they be reversed by clever cues. They are burned in by emotion and strengthened by strong yearnings, like the yearnings for admiration and righteousness. If you think you can change your life in a clever way, the way an advertiser can get you to buy an air freshener, you're probably wrong. As the Victorians understood, if you want to change your life, don't just look for a clever cue. Commit to some larger global belief. \n Answer: Enthusiasm.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the first-to-none element in the 19th-century character model?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-878c25f745fa44ae97b5ca8d9f94c156",
            "input": "Article: The gray wolf used to live in most of the northern United States, including Colorado. In fairy tales, wolves can be pretty mean, but in real life, wolves are shy animals that are afraid of people. They are predators of deer, elk  and antelope. But as more people settled in the country, they killed off many of them, so wolves started eating the cattle and sheep that the settlers brought with them. Because the settlers needed those cattle and sheep for their own families, and because many people are afraid of wolves, people started killing wolves until they became endangered. Many places would even offer money to anyone who would kill a wolf. The last wolf in Colorado was shot 50 years ago. Now, the U.S. Department of Fish and Wildlife would like to see wolves reintroduced into their natural homes. This is happening already in Minnesota, but not in Colorado yet. There are lots of deer and elk in the Colorado mountains for them to eat now. In fact, many people feel that having the wolves back would be a help to the deer and elk herds . Without enough natural enemies, the herds get too big. Also, wolves and other predators usually catch the oldest or the sickest deer, so maybe they could help keep the other deer from getting sick and dying, too. But for ranchers , will the wolves come after cattle if there are plenty of deer to eat? It's hard to know. In Minnesota, they offer ranchers money to pay for animals that are known to have been killed by wolves. That way, the wolves have a chance, but the ranchers don't lose too much money. www.ks5u.com If you want to find out more about how to help wolves come home, click here. \n Answer: They are under protection in Colorado.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what can we learn about gray wolves?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-98a645139f9a49f78111e8122951b20e",
            "input": "Article: Since 2004,Time magazine has six times made a survey to name the l00 most influential people in the world.Only one person has appeared on it for six times, Oprah Winfrey. Born in l954 in Mississippi,Oprah Winfrey spent her early years living in poverty with her grandmother and later her absent mother, followed by unfair treatment by her unfriendly relatives.Worse still,she was addicted to drugs and at the young age of l4,she gave birth to a baby, who died after a few months.Finally she was sent to live with her strict father in Tennessee. Amazingly though,her father's rules did make sure she received a good education and finally overcame her problems. Oprah's media career began at age l7.She became the co-author of local news in Baltimore in her early 20's.Her first local talk show, People Are Talking, was first performed in l978,when she was 24. In l986,Oprah moved to Chicago to host a low-rated half-hour morning talk show, AM Chicago.Oprah talks like a family member in your and my house.Within months she took over,the show became the highest-rated talk show in Chicago.It was renamed The Oprah Winfrey Show. Only two years after hosting the show, she was able to set up her own production company Harpo, and buy the full rights to The Oprah Winfery Show.She is also involved in magazine publishing,books,education and a lifestyle channel for women with the aim of improving people's lives, inspiring and praising good honest values,making the world a better place for present and future generations. As her business grew, so did her wealth and power, and she became the first ever black billionaire in 2003 and the most powerful woman in media broadcasting.The amazing influence she has over a large part of the American public means that anything she promotes on her shows is guaranteed to succeed. \n Answer: She couldn't stand her father's rules.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Oprah's childhood?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-47127cb328134b3eb774d07d89fde96c",
            "input": "Article: It was the last day of my four-month interview to hold the job as a salesman in the World Trade Center -- in simpler words, an end to being perfect for four months. I took the last drop of my coffee, pushed in my chair, and said goodbye to my family -- little did they know, this could have been my final goodbye.  I went to room 911, as I had the past three times, to meet my boss, Mr. Clarke. I was just about to have a seat, when suddenly I heard the sound of explosion. Then, the floor beneath my feet began shaking, which was when I began to realize that something had gone completely wrong. \"Run! Let's get out of here!\" Mr. Clarke cried. Seconds after the first massive explosion, I heard another explosion from way above. My heartbeat seemed to be the drum of a heavy-metal song and all the employees were rushing to get out; the lifts were out of order, and only screaming could be heard up and down the stairwell. All of us were unaware at the time that this was the airplane hitting the tower. Fire then began to swallow the walls and all you could see is gray smoke. Mr. Clarke had fallen and went unconscious. I used all my strength to throw his heavy weight on my shoulders and run down the steps. I then felt myself sinking into the floor. I ran and ran, but I was not going anywhere. The only option left was to jump. With Mr. Clarke still lying in my arms, I closed my eyes and jumped. My boss safely reached the edge of the trampoline   a group of firemen held beneath us. However, I landed on the concrete   floor and suffered a broken back and neck, which was considered lucky. \n Answer: When the floor started shaking.",
            "output": [
                "When did the author realize that something bad had happened?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4cbc421c15e42b084e50df16cb18836",
            "input": "Article: A small piece of fish each day may keep the heart doctor away. That's the finding of an extensive study of Dutch men in which deaths from heart disease were more than 50 percent lower among those who consumed  at least an ounce of salt water fish per day than those who never ate fish. The Dutch research is one of three human studies that give strong scientific backing to the long-held belief that eating fish can provide health benefits, particularly to the heart. Heart disease is the number-one killer in the United States , with more than 550, 000 deaths occurring from heart attacks each year . But researchers previously have noticed that the incidence  of heart disease is lower in cultures that consume more fish than Americans do. There are fewer heart disease deaths, for example, among the Eskimos of Greenland, who consume about 14 ounces of fish a day, and among the Japanese, whose daily fish consumption averages more than 3 ounces. During the next two decades, 78 of the men died from heart disease. The fewest deaths were among the group who regularly ate fish, even at levels far lower than those of the Japanese or Eskimos. This relationship was true regardless of other factors such as age , high blood pressure , or blood cholesterol   levels . \n Answer: Heart doctors won't call your house so long as you keep eating fish each day.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2dcd03f9d1124102bb145379f3232916",
            "input": "Article: Leon, 12, was born without fingers on his left hand.That didn't -stop him from being able to do many tasks. But Leon could not grasp more than one object at a time. So Leon's father, Paul, created a prosthesis ,using a 3D printer. Now Leon has fingers that open and close.\"It was a do-it-yourself, father and son adventure,\" says raw. When Leon was a baby, his doctor advised his parents not to give him a prosthetic hand until he was in his early teens. \"The doctor said Leon should first learn to get full use out of the hand he was born with,\" says Paul. As Leon got older, his father looked into buying a prosthetic hand, which can cost as much as $30,000. Paul found a more affordable solution. One day, Paul discovered a video on the Internet about Robohand, a prosthesis created with a 3Dprinter. He downloaded the free instructions and called Robohand's creators for advice. They told him all he needed was a 3D printerwhich costs around $2,000- and some materials. Luckily, Leon's school had recently purchased a 3D printer and it offered to help Paul build the hand for Leon.\"We used a soccer shin guard ,cardboard, and tape. They cost about$10,\" says Paul. With his new hand, Leon can do things better. \"I can help my mom more, because now I can carry two grocery bags,\"he says. Leon's father has already built .several hands for Leon. Leon helps design each one. He says there's one thing in particular that he wants to do with a future prosthesis.\"The goal,\" he tells the reporter from the local evening paper,\"is to be able to tie my shoelaces:' \n Answer: The original hand could do many tasks.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Leon's doctor disapprove of his using a prosthesis in his childhood?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a9661a3a11b94e0bb433eff055989a12",
            "input": "Article: On November 15th, 2014, children aged 8 to 12 got together in five cities around the world to participate in the first Global Children's Designation. The event that was organized by a Dutch company called Unexpect, challenged kids to come up with solutions for some of the world's most pressing problems in a day! The day began with the kids listening to the various challenges that were related to their particular cities and towns. The teams were then asked to brainstorm about which problem they were going to handle and how. There were so many amazing ideas produced on that day. While some of the ideas were far from perfect, there were many that could be practical like the smart cars which can ease traffic pressure by telling traffic lights of its arrival and also guiding the drivers to the best possible route . Emer Beamer, the founder of Unexpect, says the purpose of the project is to introduce children to skills they probably never learn in class. She says that for most part, schools focus on teaching things that they will most likely never need to know again. She believes that for kids to be successful in the world, they should be learning how to be creative, handle new technologies and deal with unexpected situations. Though the first global design challenge was relatively small, involving only a few hundred of the two billion youngsters that are bursting with ideas, the next one will be much bigger. That's because in 2015, Unexpect plans to distribute free tool kits  to any school that is interested in hosting their own Children's Designation Challenge. We can't wait to see what ideas kids will come up with next. \n Answer: To predict some unexpected situations.",
            "output": [
                "What does the project of Unexpect aim to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5d3ee688bc894e319a1347ab6c2e15ca",
            "input": "Article: Giant sunflowers? Maybe you like potatoes, tomatoes, or carrots.Or maybe you prefer green leafy house plants, tiny plants in a container, wildflowers that you can dry to save, or a butterfly garden.        Whatever you hope to grow, knowing some gardening basics will give you a much better chance of success.        First you will need to choose a good location for your garden.A sunny location usually works best, since all plants need some sunlight and most plants like lots of it.However, there are some plants that need only indirect sunlight, and these plants will do best in shady spots.        Check soil too.The best kind of plant soil is called loam  ; it is loose soil that crumbles   easily.Water drains through it well, and it has lots of nutrients to feed your plants.Soil that sticks together might have too much clay in it.Very loose, dry soil might have too much sand.You can improve the soil in your garden by adding organic materials such as compost, or leaves.ks5u        Climate--Check a map of planting zones to choose plants that are right for your area.        Mulch  --After you have planted your plants, add a layer of mulch on top of the soil.Mulch keeps the soil damp, keeps out pests, and adds more nutrients to the soil.        Water - Water your plants early in the day.Plants need about 1 inch of water each week on average.        Fertilizer - If you are planting a big garden, use about 1/2 pounds per 100 square feet.If you are just planting a few plants, get a little container of plant food and follow the directions on the label.Plant fertilizer contains the chemicals that make up a plant's diet. \n Answer: Giant sunflowers",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-683256f98f0f4853a5fa52eb41fc629b",
            "input": "Article: She is a cute, quiet girl. As a daughter, she has no secrets from her mother, who is very pleased with her. But recently she has become somewhat mysterious, not so open as before. She has a diary that she keeps under lock and key. Her mother cannot help worrying about her: what if she falls in love, which is too early for a girl of her age. After all, she is reaching the \"dangerous stage\". These thoughts have caused trouble in the mother's mind.     One weekend the girl came to tell her mother that she was going to the cinema with her schoolmate and would return late. This was the first time her mother agreed, and she couldn't help worrying because her daughter had never been away at night before. The mother waited till nine and her uneasiness got the upper hand over her. She decided to go out to meet her daughter. Just at that moment the noise of a car pulling up drew her to the window and - there was her daughter, waving goodbye to a boy. Her heart missed a beat. When the girl came in, the mother was watching TV, pretending nothing had happened.\"Mum, I'm back.\" \"Yeah.\" \"Sorry to be late. Still sitting up?\" \"Yes, Oh, that... Who's that boy?\" The daughter was stunned   for a moment. \"Ah. It's my monitor. He gave a lift on his way home. Mum, I'm going to bed.\" \"All right. Go to sleep early.\"  Next morning when the mother went to the daughter's room to do some tidying, she found her diary left at her pillow. After a few minutes' hesitation she eventually opened it to the entry of the night before. It reads: Mum, it's love that made you ask, but it would show your understanding of me if you hadn't.  Holding the diary, the mother fell in thought. \n Answer: What the daughter did recently worried her mother.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a45a1b88317f4cbd9f6259f2c4fd8c0a",
            "input": "Article: When Barbra Streisand discovered in 2003 that a photograph of her California beach house was among 12,000 photos on theInternetas part of a collection by photographer Kenneth Adelman, she did what any famous person would do:hit him with a $50 million lawsuit. But in trying to hold back the images, she caused a different outcome. Her legal actions led to almost half a million people visiting the website, viewing and copying the photos within a month. Ever since then, the effect of letting public know something you are trying to keep secret has been called the\"Streisand effect\". The problem for anyone trying to _ information is that the Internet is the world's biggest and most efficient copying machine. Put a document on to a connected machine and it will spread. So when you want to be famous, you can't, but if you find yourself in the spotlight and want to erase yourself, you cannot. There is no shortage of examples of the Streisand effect. Nine-year-old Martha Payne created a simple blog, posting the meals her school served. She took a photo of what was barely a filling meal by anyone's standards. With the photo, she filled a comment, \"Now Dad understands why I am hungry when I get home.\" The thing did not go too far, until the local authority banned little Martha from doing that again. Martha posted a supposedly final post called \"Goodbye\", explaining everything. Once the media found this out, things went from bad to worse for the authority. Now the blog has more than 9.5 million page views. Martha has even expanded her blog by including pictures of school meals taken by other kids from all over the world, like Germany and Japan. We can find similar examples throughout history, to be frank. Man has experienced the Streisand effect ever since the birth of mass communication. Why does it exist? Every time you are told not to see what's in the secret shiny box wrapped in gift paper, you're going to do everything in your power todo exactly that! Just realizing that knowing something about someone is harmful to their status, we will want to know that piece of information. This is exactly the human nature. This is what lawyers and authorities should be familiar with. Unfortunately, a few of them fail to grasp it. \n Answer: The authority's order.",
            "output": [
                "What speeded up the spread of Martha's story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6d14fbfc3d5d4a78bbef99c5b1833bc6",
            "input": "Article: While nature lovers across the world wish all humans to realize the significance of their natural surroundings , many Australians are turning caring for the environment into a way of life. Julie Astonis , an Australian housewife in Brisbane is one such example. Even though autumn is approaching Australia's Brisbane in April, one can still watch colorful blooming  flowers in Julie's little garden. As she tells that in her community, \"Each of us has a beautiful yard, The whole community, from children to elderly people, takes care of the environment as if they are taking care of their own garden.\" \"Gardening is the most popular club in our community,\" she says, \"A lot of retired people don't just regularly organize gardening lectures, but also personally visit families in the community to provide gardening training , So you can see that flowers continue to bloom in our gardens throughout the year.\" Talking about her people's sense of care for the environment, Julie says when people in the community take along their dog, they always carry a garbage bag to deal with the dog's waste . \"In our community ,you will never experience the embarrassment of stepping on the dirty waste while you are walking on the grass,\" says Julie with a smile. \"Taking care of the dog's waste can also help to develop children's sense of responsibility!\" As to protecting water resources , the Australian government has made strict rules for families. Julie says, \"We certainly would not use tap water to water the flowers!\"She says almost every family in her community has a huge tank used to store rainwater, which is later used as the resource of all outdoor water use . They also connect the water tank with their toilets. \n Answer: She takes pride in her community",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Julie from this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5a035f31542e44958210c6d8cfdf5346",
            "input": "Article: You put a great deal of effort into reaching the college of your choice. It' s time to get started. But what' s next? Beginning college can be an exciting but awkward time. Follow these tips to adjust to your new life rapidly and make the most of your college experience. * To save time and money, use the college' s bus system. Taking the bus to school is quick, easy and free in most college towns. You won' t have to locate or afford a place to park either. It' s also a good way to be environmentally aware. * Save pennies on books by waiting until class starts. You might not even need all of the recommended books. New textbooks cost an arm and a leg. Try buying used textbooks -- it' s a surefire way to save money and serves the purpose as well. * Do never look at college life as an endless series of parties and social activities. But there is a whole lot more to college if you're serious about graduating. Having a good college experience is all about balancing work and fun. * Be mindful of your diet. Make healthy food choices and watch what you eat. Avoid foods that are processed or high in sugar. The \"freshman 15\"is real. Many college students gain at least 15 pounds during their freshmen year. * While electives can be helpful when figuring out your major, you shouldn't  entirely rely on them. Clubs and other organizations exist around. Get involved. Make sure, though, that you still have time to study. Having too much on your plate can hurt your grades. \n Answer: Attending activities.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following ideas can be financially wise?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-60192741ba7e4db185e920f36677059a",
            "input": "Article: Wouldn't it be wonderful to travel to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language? In a recentWall Street journalarticle, technology policy expert Alec Ross argued that, within a decade or so. We'll be able to communicate with one another via small earpieces with built-in microphones. That's because technological progress is extremely rapid. It's only a matter of time. Indeed, some parents are so convinced that this technology is imminent that they're wondering if their kids should even learn a second language. It's true that an increase in the quantity and accuracy of the data loaded into computers will make them cleverer at translating \"No es bueno dormir mucho\" as \"It's not good to sleep too much. \" Replacing a word with its equivalent   in the target language is actually the \"easy part of a translator's job\". But even this seems to be a discouraging task for computers. It's so difficult for computers because translation doesn't-or shouldn't-involve simply translating words, sentences or paragraphs. Rather, it's about translating meaning. And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression, humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time. Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression: volume, gesture, situation, and even your culture. All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use. Therefore, we should be very skeptical of a machine that is unable to interpret the world around us. If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it, how can we expect a machine to do better? Unless engineers actually find a way to breathe a soul into a computer, undoubtedly when it comes to conveying and interpreting meaning using a natural language, a machine will never fully take our place. \n Answer: Proper translation can be tough for humans.",
            "output": [
                "What view does the author hold about translation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2de28a1f4d6f4cba858753adace0eb92",
            "input": "Article: Make a five-minute film and win! Do you love the winter holidays but hate being bored? Then why don't you enter the Film Street Summer Shorts Competition by making a short film this winter with your family and friends? What you have to do To enter the competition, you have to make a short film that is around 5 minutes long (It can be shorter but not longer!) on a digital camera, or mobile phone. Awards The best short film entered into our competition will be shown in Film Street's Cinema and you'll win a Cineworld Cinema pass for yourself and three more for other members of your filmmaking crew  .  If you have a Cineworld Cinema pass, you can watch as many films as you like for a year, for free, at any Cineworld Cinema. Rules We can't show films that tell others about either your or any other kids' names or addresses. We can't show films that hurt, harm or insult   other people. We can't show films that have bad languages. Copyright Checklist   Getting permission to use someone else's work in your film can be expensive, so check your film to make sure that: Your film is _ and you haven't copied anyone else's. There are no scenes of branding on shop signs, books, magazines or CDs. There are no scenes of anyone else's artwork. Address and Date Post your finished film on tape, CD or DVD by Monday, October 1st, 2011 to: Film Street Summer Short Competition First Light Movies Unit 6, Third Floor, The Bond 180-182 Fazeley Street Birmingham So what's stopping you? Start making your Film Street Summer Short now! \n Answer: Students",
            "output": [
                "Who is the passage mainly written for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e8e21ee33b747b784791577fdb19b48",
            "input": "Article: When Nancy Lublin got $5,000 from her grandpa in 1996, she never once considered taking a vacation or paying off student loans .Instead, the 24-year-old New York University law student began thinking about helping low-income women get better jobs. \"If a woman goes for a job interview poorly dressed, she won't get the job.\" Lublin says. \" but without a job, she can't afford suitable clothes.\" So with the money Lublin founded \"Dress for Success\" and began collecting women's clothes which were still in good condition but which their owners no longer needed. \"So many women have clothes lying around that they will never wear again,\" one of Lublin's assistants says \"Nancy's idea is so simple and yet so important to women.\" Many women come to Lublin's office before going to a job interview. Here, they receive a suit, shoes and any other things they need. Since it was set up, more than 1,000 women have turned to \"Dress for Success\" for help. Many of them have won jobs. Some have round jobs after being out of work for many years. Jenny, a 32-year-old woman who was recently hired as a law-firm office manager , says, \"I made a good impression because of \"Dress for Success\" \n Answer: Nancy's office gathers used clothes from women",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c42d1c394ed8471484f4d44681982c6b",
            "input": "Article: Every few years comes a fitness trend that has people scratching their heads in amazement. \"Crunning\" will probably be one of them. The \"c\" stands for \"crawling\" . This new sport needs two-legged humans running on all fours! The funny idea is the brainchild of Shaun McCarthy. The 34-year-old is convinced that it will revolutionize fitness as we know it. According to the sports enthusiast, \"The only thing that crunning's changed about fitness is that it's changed everything about fitness.\" Mccarthy has no scientific evidence to prove that crunning is more efficient than traditional two-legged running. However, he believes it is a more effective way to exercise because it puts an emphasis on the shoulders and arms, providing a complete body workout. Mccarthy also says crunning seems to tire him out more. He therefore concludes that the unconventional exercise is a bigger calorie burner than normal running. While experts generally agree that crunning may provide a better workout, many are not sure if it is the right exercise for humans. Fitness coach Kevin Dean says we are not built to be on all fours and our wrists are therefore not as strong as our ankles. He believes crunning, which he calls a fad , could result in bad wrist and shoulder injuries, not to mention broken noses. But McCarthy is not worried. Since the release of his crunning video a few weeks ago, many Melbourne residents have been seen scampering around on all fours. As it turns out they are not the only ones. In the Chinese city of Zhengzhou, crawling, a much slower version of crunning, has been a favorite activity for many years. According to some enthusiasts, the light exercise that is believed to date back two thousand years to the Han Dynasty, is good for curing back and spine ailments. Ready to give crunning try? Then Mccarthy recommends investing in some good shoes, hardy gloves and most important of all, a face mask! \n Answer: Our ankles are stronger than our wrists.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about crawling according to Kevin Dean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5b047c177243431595c66f6f4dfd5b78",
            "input": "Article: Have you still remember what happened when you went to school on the first day? I still remember my interesting first day of school . On that day, I hurried to my science class in the morning and found a seat in the back. I waited there for 15 minutes before the bell rang. The science teacher told us about some class rules. No one talked to me nor did I talk to anyone else. I was one of those very shy girls. After the science class, I had an English class. I thought it would be boring but it turned out to be very funny. When the classes of the morning ended I went to lunch. I sat outside the dining room with no one to talk to and no food because I was too nervous to join the lunch line. I kept looking around hoping to see someone I knew but I never saw anyone. Lunch ended and I went to have my art class. I was the first one there and not even my teacher was there yet. So I sat at my desk and started drawing some pictures. I didn't notice the rest of the class walking in or the girl that was standing behind me till I surprised by the voice, \"So what are you drawing?\" It was a girl who had really long hair. She ended up being my best friend and one of the kindest and liveliest girls I know. In the next class meeting, the teacher asked us to talk about the past holiday. I was glad to make some new friends in the class. The first day of high school was hard for me but I got through it. \n Answer: She sat in the front row.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the writer's science class?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a35909ea06c44cc2bd6f8753dc684bbc",
            "input": "Article: The communication union Head of Research Salary:PS55.271 We are looking for a Head of Research to manage the CWU Research Department and Information Centre. You would be required to exercise control of all research work of the department and manage a team of three researchers and four support staff. The person appointed would be expected to carry out research work of a strategic nature across the range of businesses in which the CWU has or seeks membership and to contribute to the strategic thinking and direction of the union as a whole. You will need: proven line management skills, especially in managing and motivating a team; good research skills, holding a good degree in a related subject or other similar experience; a high level of mathematical and calculating skills; the ability to produce high quality work under pressure; a commitment to and knowledge of the trade union movement and social democratic politics; and knowledge and/ or experience of the postal and/ or telecommunications industry. To apply, please request an application pack by emailing  _ .org or by telephoning HR( Human Resources ) on 020 8971 7482. When applying please state your source. Closing Date for Applications: 4thAugust 2010 Anticipated interview date: 17thAugust 2010 No agencies please \n Answer: News.",
            "output": [
                "In which column of a newspaper could we find this advertisement?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d2e6ce59e4164baab9d59b6df6ff35f1",
            "input": "Article: A huge cloud of dust rose and an overpass disappeared. This was the scene in Zhuzhou,Hunan Province on May 17.Nine people were killed and 16 injured. Things were similar last year in the Sichuan earthquake. Thousands of people were buried in the ruins and lost their lives. What if we could have warned them? People are always _ to find a way of preventing buildings' collapse. Better materials and technology help,but they are not a solution. Just like humans,a building has its own life cycle from \"birth\" to \"death\".If we know when a building is going to collapse,we can repair it in advance or get out of it before it falls. Now,scientists at the University of Illinois have developed a material that turns red before it breaks. The invention could be used in things like climbing ropes or bridge supports. The research was led by Nancy Sottos,a professor at the university's Beckman Institute,and Douglas Davis,a graduate research assistant. The secret behind the colorchanging material is a type of molecule  .A molecule is a group of atoms held together by chemical bonds. Imagine you and your friends standing in a circle,holding hands. Each person stands for one atom,your hands represent the bonds,and the entire circle represents a molecule. If one person lets go of his or her hands,the molecule changes color. The research team put the molecule into a soft material. When the researchers stretched the material,it turned bright red for a few seconds before it broke into two pieces. When they repeatedly stretched and relaxed the material,without breaking it,it only turned a little red. The major problem is that light can get rid of the red color. When the team shone bright light on the molecule,the broken bond was fixed,and the color disappeared. If the bright light keeps the red color from appearing,the material's warning system will be useless. Scientists still have a lot of work to do before the colorchanging molecules can be used outside the lab. \n Answer: A way of preventing building from collapsing.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly introduce?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5964dd60299e4e5889be18c4c7565701",
            "input": "Article: Call it what you will--coincidence,fortune,luck or even fate--sometimes events combine together to show us that this is indeed a very small world.We've probably all had at least one experience where we've said \"What a coincidence!\" because there's no logical explanation for what has happened.Take the following stories from writer Lorri Benedik as examples: My friend,Emma Daniels,spent the summer of 1974 travelling in Israel.During her month-long stay in Jerusalem she frequented a cafe called Chocolate Soup.It was run by two men,one of whom,Alex,was a former Montrealer .One morning when Emma went in for coffee,while chatting with her new friend Alex,she mentioned that she had just finished the book she was reading and had nothing else to read.Alex said he had a fabulous book she might like,and that he'd be happy to lend it to her.As he lived just above the cafe,he quickly ran up to get it.The book he handed to Emma just minutes later was Markings,a book of spiritual writings by former Secretary-General of the United Nations Dag Hammarskjld. Emma had never read it,nor had she ever purchased a copy.But when she opened it up,she was  _ to see her own name and address inside the cover,in her own handwriting.It turned out that the summer before,at a concert back in Montreal,Emma had met a Californian who was in town visiting friends.They decided to exchange addresses,but neither of them had any paper.The man had opened up a book he was carrying in his backpack and asked Emma to write her name and address inside.When he returned to California,he left the book behind in Montreal,and his friend Alex kept it.When Alex later relocated to Jerusalem,he took the now-treasured book along. Then there was the time that my husband voluntarily answered the phone at my parents' house,something he has never done in more than a dozen years of visiting them almost every weekend.But this time he got up from the dinner table,without being asked,when the phone rang.He was gone for quite a while and was quite pale when he returned to the dining room.It was a wrong number,he told us,but he had recognized the voice.It was his estranged  sister,with whom he hadn't spoken in years. \n Answer: Emma Daniels and the Californian kept in touch with each other by writing letters.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8b2b7a8c397549ea8553c97671c0b035",
            "input": "Article: Stepping into a pool of water is common enough ,but who could ever imagine ; stopping into a pool of fish? In February of 1974, Bill Tapp ,an Australian farmer,saw a rain of fish that covered his farm .How surprised he must have been when he heard many fish hitting against his roof!    What caused this strange occurrence ?This is a question that had long puzzled people who study fish .The answer turned out to be a combination of wind and storm.    When it is spring in the northern part of the world ,it is fall in Australia, Throughout the autumn season ,terrible storms arise and rains flood the land .The strong winds sweep over Australia like huge vacuum cleaners, collecting seaweed ,pieces of wood ,and even schools of fish .Strong winds may carry these bits of nature for many miles before vacuum dropping them on fields, houses ,and stonishedpeople.    Although they seem unusual ,fish-falls occur quite frequently in Australia.When Bill Tapp was asked to describe the scene of fish ,he remarked, \"They look like millions of dead birds falling down.\" His statement is not surprising .The wonders of the natural world are as common as rain .Nature ,with its infinite wonders ,can create waterfalls that flow upward and fish that fall out of the sky. \n Answer: A rain of fish.",
            "output": [
                "What is this passage about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9097a88690a84bdb824ed15120f353f9",
            "input": "Article: We do not know exactly how many whales there are in the sea because we can't count them. But we believe at the beginning of the eighteenth century there were 105,000 humpback whales and 120,000 right whales. At the beginning of the twentieth century there were 75,000 humpbacks and 80,000 rights. Since 1900 their numbers have fallen very quickly. Between 1935 and 1950 the number of humpbacks fell from 20,000 to 10,000 and since 1950 the number has fallen to only 6,000. The number of right whales has fallen even faster. In 1935 there were 25,000. The number fell to 6,000 in 1950 and since 1950 the number has fallen to 4,000. Men have always been hunters. Thousands of whales have become victims . It's time to do something to protect whales. \n Answer: We don't want to know how many whales there are in the sea.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8d86d73c537421eb29e4624b9b199f3",
            "input": "Article: Living with physical disabilities can be challenging in all kinds of ways.But different from what most parents think, physical disabilities are no barrier to a child enjoying all the benefits that healthy exercise and outdoor play can bring.The importance of exercise has been stressed in recent years as the problems connected with being too fat and poor mental health become ever more widespread.Being physically disabled does not mean that a child cannot be affected by these problems.And being active is a natural and fun way of preventing problems like these from having a bad influence. A swimming pool is one of the best places possible for physically disabled children to enjoy themselves.With proper support,whether from parents or from correctly trained professionals,children can get great benefits from being in the pool.The water provides both support and resistance ,giving a cardiovascular workout as well as making muscles strong.Being able to feel free in a way that is not possible on land is another benefit of swimming. It is possible to play most ball games with a group of children in wheelchairs.Moving and dancing to music is a great social activity for physically disabled children as well as something parents call enjoy with children.A parent or carer can help the child move in time to music or show movements to the child.Playing a modified  form of volleyball with a lowered net means that children in wheelchairs can take part and healthy people can sit on chairs to play with them. With some imagination,enjoying activities with a child who is disabled is not a problem.With access to some special equipment,children with physical disabilities do not have to be limited in how they play. \n Answer: They can't enjoy physical activities.",
            "output": [
                "What do most parents think of the children with physical disabilities?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6d2d6da4dd3c4118a2764152b459676c",
            "input": "Article: When I left home for college, I sought to escape the limited world of farmers, small towns, and country life. I long for the excitement of the city, for the fast pace that rural life lacked, for adventure beyond the horizon. I dreamed of exploring the city, living within a new culture and landscape, and becoming part of the pulse of an urban jungle. Yet some of my best times were driving home, leaving the city behind and slipping back into the valley. As city life disappeared and traffic thinned, I could see the faces of the other drivers relax. Then, around a bend in the highway, the grassland of the valley would come into being, offering a view of gentle rolling hills. The land seemed permanent. I felt as if I had stepped back in time. I took comfort in the stability of the valley. Driving through small farm communities, I imagined the founding families still rooted in their grand homes, generations working the same lands, neighbors remaining neighbors for generations. I allowed familiar farmhouse landmarks to guide me. Close to home, I often turned off the main highway and took a different, getting familiar farms again and testing my memory. Friends lived in those houses. I had eaten meals and spent time there; I had worked on some of these farms, lending a hand during a peak harvest, helping a family friend for a day or two. The houses and lands looked the same, and I could picture the gentle faces and hear familiar voices as if little had been changed. As I eased into our driveway I'd return to old ways, becoming a son once again, a child on the family farm. My feelings were honest and real. How I longed for a land where life stood still and my memories could be relived. When I left the farm for college, I could only return as visitor to the valley, a traveler looking for home. Now the farm is once again my true home. I live in that farmhouse and work the permanent lands. My world may seem unchanged to casual observers, but they are wrong. I know this: if there's a constant on these farms, it's the constant of change. The good observer will recognize the differences. A farmer replants an orchard   with a new variety of peaches. Irrigation is added to block of old grapes, so I imagine the vineyard has a new owner. Occasionally the changes are clearly evident, like a FOR SALE sign. But I need to read the small print in order to make sure that a bank has taken possession of the farm. Most of the changes contain two stories. One is the physical change of the farm, the other involves the people on that land, the human story behind the change. I've been back on the farm for a decade and still haven't heard all the stories behind the changes around me. But once I add my stories to the landscape, I can call this place my home, a home that continues to evolve and changes as I add more and more of my stories. A poet returns to the valley and says, \"Little has changed in the valley, and how closed-minded you all are!\" He comments about the lack of interest in sports, social and environmental issues in the poverty and inequality of our life. He was born and raised here, so he might have the right to criticize and lecture us. Yet he speaks for many who think they know the valley. How differently would others think of us if they knew the stories of a grape harvest in a wet year or a peach without a home? \n Answer: The land seemed familiar to him.",
            "output": [
                "What made the writer relax as he drove from the city to the country?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-de814137d2e44d46957057f239d71106",
            "input": "Article: Too many people want others to be friends,but they don't give friendship back.That is why some friendships don't last long.To have a friend,you must learn to be one.You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you.Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules:be honest,be generous,be understanding. Honesty is where a good friend starts.Friends must be able to trust one another.If you do not tell the truth,people usually find out.If a friend finds out that you have't been honest,you may lose your friend's trust.Good friends always count on one another to speak and act honestly. Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow.You do not have to give your lunch money or your clothes of course.Instead you have to learn how to share things you enjoy,like your hobbies and your interests.Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings.These can be very valuable to a friend.They tell your friend what is important to you. By sharing them,you help your friend know better. Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with a problem. Something may go wrong at school. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. Turning to a friend can be the first step in solving the problem. So a friend must listen and understand. You must try to put yourself in your friend's place so you can understand the problem better. No two friendships are ever exactly alike. But true friendships have three things in common. If you plan to keep your friends,you must practice honesty,generosity,and understanding. \n Answer: How to be a Friend.",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ffcc5a5f4cf547bfbecd940ce1df1c06",
            "input": "Article: Sydney Airport International Terminal--Arrivals Area Specialty Retail     News link:Two separate News link stores cater to all your reading needs including  newspapers.magazines and the latest best sellers. Downtown Duty Free:Make sure you shop at Downtown Duty Free for great saving on a    range of items including perfume,alcohol,skincare and cigarettes.It's your last chance before customs! BEACH CULTURE:A must for those into the latest in beach clothing Top surf, street and fashion labels including Mambo,Stussy and Quicksilver, including children's sizes DINING BLUE Sky Cafe:Speedy service leaves you time to keep all eye on the arrivals gate Morning pastries.fresh juice.breakfast rolls and coffee while you wait. McDonald's:hamburgers,fries,drinks,muffins and shakes-all your family favorites.Breakfast served until 0:30 SERVICES ATM:ATMs are conveniently located throughout Arrival and Departures. Dollars. pounds. francs and RMB are all available. Vodafone Rentals:This communications center offers the very latest technology for mobile phone rentals.sales and servicing. \n Answer: An official guide",
            "output": [
                "Where is this passage likely to appear?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-729c91d166234540a1901adf4883b2dc",
            "input": "Article: IMAGINE if, to collect your salary each month, you had to walk to the nearest town, perhaps tens of miles away, to gather in a school or a football court or a church. There, you and your colleagues wait for a man to arrive from the capital, perhaps a thousand miles away, with a suitcase of cash. Few countries are as corrupt as Congo . Mobutu Sese Seko, a former strongman, used state funds to _ a Concorde to take him on shopping trips to Paris. By the time of his overthrow in 1997, graft was endemic. Government employees were not paid but rather expected to use their positions to make a living. Among the most prized government jobs was that of accountant: the people responsible for transporting bags of cash to the provinces to hand out to employees. In 2012, however, the Congolese government started helping civil servants to open bank accounts. Around three-quarters of them--some 670,000 people--now have one. In the process, the government has weeded out tens of thousands of ghost employees, since the embezzlers who invented them could not open accounts in their names without a matching ID. Yet in a vast country with fewer roads than Luxembourg, hardly anyone lives anywhere near a bank branch. So Congolese banks must now do the work the government accountants used to: shipping money to the remote area. Cash has to be transported to branches in regional capitals, and thence to account-holders on the backs of motorbikes, in canoes or by foot. Bank staff with suitcases of cash make easy targets, just as they did in the west of America in the 19th century. Though they usually travel with armed policemen, there have been at least ten armed robberies of bank employees since January. At the moment banks are little more than money-transfer companies, and not very sophisticated ones at that. The transfers tend to go only one way--out of Kinshasa--so cannot be netted against each other; instead cash almost always has to be moved physically. Therefore, most Congolese bankers hope that the new system will promote the growth of a proper banking system. \n Answer: By benefiting from their positions",
            "output": [
                "How did government employees use to earn a living?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ceeea64b4299458dbeacff371b447599",
            "input": "Article: In seventh grade, Brittany Blythe dreamed of being a cheerleader. Her school's coaches were less than enthusiastic. \"They said, 'I don't know how you'll be able to do it,' she recalls. \"'You won't be able to do it. '\" But Brittany, now a junior at Strath Haven High School near Philadelphia, persisted . And when the junior team cheerleaders won a tournament last year, she was right there, dancing and cheering with the rest of the team. Not bad for someone whose legs were cut off below the knee when she was two years old. Brittany, 18, was born without shinbones --\"just blood and muscle tissue\", as she puts it. When she tried to walk, her legs twisted. After the operation, she adapted quickly. \"From day one, I basically jumped up and wanted to do everything,\" she says. Prosthetic legs  allowed her to move around upright, but too slowly to keep up with her friends. Brittany's solution: take the legs off and walk on her knees---sometimes she still does when safety and comfort permit. She's rarely _ . Other children laughed at her through the years, especially in junior high school, but she says the challenge only made her stronger. Now she's trying to convince her coaches to let her remove the prostheses and be a flyer, the cheerleader who's thrown in the air and caught by her teammates. Brittany doesn't think her problems are more difficult than the next person's. \"My disability was the first thing I had to get through, and that's going to prepare me for the future,\" she says. \"It's all just a test: If someone throws you a curve ball , what are you going to do?\" \n Answer: Doubtful",
            "output": [
                "What was the school's coaches' attitude towards Brittany's idea of being a cheerleader?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f3f72859e154c2aa55ff15326906df3",
            "input": "Article: Wanted,Someone for a Kiss We're looking for producers to join us on the sound of London Kiss 100 FM. You'll work on the station's music programs. Music production experience in radio is necessary,along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies,Kiss 100. Father Christmas We're looking for a very special person,preferably over 40,to fill our Father Christmas suit. Working days:Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 except Sundays, 10:30-16:00. Excellent pay. Please contact the Enterprise Shopping Centre,Station Parade,Eastbourne. Accountants Assistant When you join the team in our Revenue Administration Unit,you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division,dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you. This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience. Wealden District Council Software Trainer If you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training,you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in program writing. You will be allowed to make your own decisions,and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards ofPS15,000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV   to Mrs R. Oglivie, Palmlace Limited. \n Answer: Producer Vacancies,Kiss 100.",
            "output": [
                ".Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a9de5b99e2fc4bbeb067c5323594458b",
            "input": "Article: In 2009, the Taiwu Elementary School Folk Singers were invited to perform in Belgium, France, Germany, and Luxemburg. In 2011, they were voted as one of the world's top five performance groups by audiences of Japan Broadcasting Corporation's Amazing Voice program. Thinking back the group's first tour in Europe, Camake Valaule, a physical education teacher and the founder of the Taiwu Elementary School Folk Singers, admitted that he felt very nervous. He was worried that the audience would fall asleep since most of the 75-minute performance was a cappella, that is, singing without instrumental sound. Surprisingly, the audience listened with full focus and high spirits. Camake said, \"They told me afterward that through our performance, they had a vision of our country, our village, without having to visit it. This experience greatly increased our confidence.\" According to Camake Valaule, singing traditional ballads has helped students and their parents to re-understand their culture. \"It used to be that the only ones who could sing these songs were tribal elders aged between 50 and 60. Now with the children performing the pieces, parents are beginning to ask, 'Why do we not know how to sing these ballads?' Many times nowadays, it is the children who teach the songs to their parents, putting back _ .\" Winning international fame, however, was neither the original intention nor the main reason why Camake founded the group in 2006. The most important thing was to make children understand why they sing these songs and to preserve and pass on their culture. Referring to the relocation of Taiwu Elementary School and Taiwu Village following Typhoon Morakot in August 2009, Camake said, \"We could not take the forest or our houses in the mountains with us; but we were able to bring our culture along. As long as the children are willing to sing, I will always be there for them, singing with them and leading them to experience the meaning of the ballads.\" \n Answer: The group was founded by a PE teacher.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about Taiwu Elementary School Folk Singers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-46d20a51b37445379eecef8b780bbc4a",
            "input": "Article: Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born on September 24, 1896. He was an American writer of novels and short stories, whose works are the typical writings of the Jazz Age, a term he created himself. Born into an upper middle-class Irish Catholic family, Fitzgerald was named after his famous second cousin, Francis Scott Key. He was also named after his deceased sister Louise Scott, one of two sisters who died shortly before his birth. He spent 1898-1901 in Syracuse and 1903-1908 in Buffalo, New York, where he attended Nardin Academy. When his father was fired from his company, the family returned to Minnesota, where Fitzgerald attended St. Paul Academy from 1908 to1911. He is widely regarded as one of the 20th century's greatest writers. Fitzgerald is considered to be a member of the \"Lost Generation\" of the 1920s. He finished four novels, This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, Tender Is the Night and his most famous classic novel, The Great Gatsby. A fifth, unfinished novel, The Love of the Last Tycoon was published after his death. Fitzgerald also wrote many short stories that dealt with themes of youth. His first literary work, a detective story, was published in a school newspaper when he was 12. When he was 16, he was forced to leave St. Paul Academy for neglecting his studies. He attended Newman School, a prep school in Hackensack, New Jersey, in 1911-1912, and entered Princeton University in 1913 as a member of the Class of 1917. There he became friends with future critics and writers Edmund Wilson (Class of 1916) and John Peale Bishop (Class of 1917), and wrote for the Princeton Triangle Club. He was also a member of the University Cottage Club, which still displays Fitzgerald's desk and writing materials in its library. A poor student, Fitzgerald left Princeton to enlist   in the US Army during World War I; however, the war ended shortly after Fitzgerald's enlistment. Fitzgerald had been an alcoholic   since his college days, leaving him in poor health by the late 1930s. Fitzgerald suffered a mild attack of tuberculosis in 1919, and died of a heart attack in 1940. \n Answer: Fitzgerald and the Jazz Age.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0adb61a19ee1494c84f41680393870da",
            "input": "Article: The five Shakespeare Houses in and around Stratford - upon - Avon offer you an authentic experience of the prefix = st1 /Stratfordworld in which the famous dramatist was born, lived and died. Intimately connected with William Shakespeare or his immediate family, these original houses are now owned and cared for by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. OPENING TIMES September - May   Mon - Sat : 10:00 am - 4:00 pm   Sunday: 10:30 am - 4:00 pm June - August      Mon - Sat : 9:00am - 5:00 pm    Sunday: 9:30am - 5:00 pm BEST VALUE TICKETS THE THREE IN - TOWN SHAKESPEARE HOUSES Adult PS8.50   ChildPS4.20    FamilyPS20.00 ALL FIVE SHAKESPEARE HOUSES Adult PS12.00   ChildPS6.00    FamilyPS29.00 CHILDREN AND STUDENTS TICKETS Under 5: Free     Between 5&16: Child rate     17 and over: Adult rate 17 and over and in secondary education: Family ticket GROUP VISITS Groups of 20 or more visitors qualify for a 10% discount on ticket prices. For more information telephone 01789 201806 or 201836. SPECIAL VISITS The Houses are open out of hours by special arrangement. They offer a unique setting for functions, dinners, receptions and other events. For more information telephone 01789 201808. EDUCATION GROUPS We welcome visits by organized groups. One member of staff is admitted free with every 10 pupils or students. Additional adults and helpers will be charged at the adult rate. Pupils of primary and secondary schools will be charged at the child rate (valid student ID may be requested). Education groups of 20 or more visitors also qualify for a 10% discount on admissions. For more information telephone 0178 201806 or 201836. EDUCATION DEPARTMENT The Education Department at the Trust organizes many special projects, day schools, courses and lectures. If you would like further information telephone 01789 201805. \n Answer: In a travel booklet",
            "output": [
                "Where can we most probably find this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-40793f8c926a4f6c8064c12ccfe4671a",
            "input": "Article: About 150 years ago, a village church priest, Patric Bronte, in Yorkshire, England, had three lovely, intelligent daughters but his hopes fell entirely on the only male heir, Branwell, a youth with remarkable talent in both art and literature. Branwell's father and sisters saved their pennies to pack him off to London's Royal Academy of Arts, but if art was his calling, he dialed a wrong number. Within weeks he hightailed it home, a penniless failure. Hopes still high, the family landed Branwell a job as a private tutor, hoping this would free him to develop his literary skills and achieve the success and fame that he deserved. Failure again.  Still, the selfless sisters squelched their own goals, farming themselves out as teachers and governesses in support of their increasingly indebted brother, convinced the world must eventually recognize his genius. As failure multiplied, Branwell turned to alcohol, then opium, and eventually died as he had lived: a failure. So died hope in the one male -- but what of the three sisters? During Branwell's last years, the girls published a book of poetry at their own expense (under a pen name, for fear of reviewers' bias against females). Even Branwell might have laughed: they sold only two copies. They didn't give up. Instead, they continued in their spare time, late at night by candlelight, to pour out their contained emotion, writing of what they knew best, of women in conflict with their natural desires and social condition, in reality, less fiction than autobiography! And 19th century literature was transformed by Anne's Agnes Grey, Emily's Wuthering Heights, and Charlotte's Jane Eyre. But years of sacrifice for Branwell had eventually ruined their health. Emily took ill at her brother's funeral and died within 3 months, aged 29; Anne died 5 months later, aged 30; Charlotte lived only to age 39. If only they had been nurtured instead of sacrificed. No one remembers Branwell's name, much less of his art or literature, but the Bronte sisters' tragically short lives teach us even more of life than literature. \n Answer: Gift is not necessarily a guarantee of success.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what can we learn from the story of Branwell?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-002356080bd940b5b7fc4c234dab4ab5",
            "input": "Article: In the UK, a group of campaigners have declared the last Saturday in November as National Buy Nothing Day. \"Our message is clear: shop less, live more!\" says organizer Michael Smith. \"The challenge is to try simple living for a day. Spend time with family and friends, rather than spending money on them. Anyone can take part, provided they spend a day without spending.\" On Buy Nothing Day, they take to the streets to tackle consumers . They dress as pigs to symbolize greed . They offer to cut up credit cards and hand out shopping bags with the words \"another useless thing I don't need\" written on the side. Some hold street parties to show shoppers that it is possible to have fun without spending money. Others go into shops and put notes saying \"don't buy me\" inside clothes and shoes. Some protestors  are working against powerful forces. Many retailers  and manufacturers depend on Christmas sales for most of their profits. Around two thirds of GDP in the West is made up of consumer spending. If this drops, many people will lose their jobs. At least that will make it easier for them to buy nothing. And there is also the risk that the campaigners will be seen as killjoys, who want to stop people enjoying themselves. \"There's a fun side to this,\" says Michael Smith. \"To some it's a protest, but it's also a street party. We're not saying that people are bad because they go shopping, but we need get the message across for people to consume wisely. And after we're finished, we'll probably go for a drink.\" \n Answer: Because it is the season for shopping.",
            "output": [
                "Why do a group of people in the UK choose Saturday as National Buy Nothing Day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0edebfc69df541cdb56b46a6ced192d3",
            "input": "Article: The loneliest chimp in the world just got the best surprise--a hug from a new friend.Ponso has been by himself for nearly three years,finding himself alone after his wife and children died on the island where they were abandoned by a medical testing company many years ago. For years a nearby villager named Germain has been Ponso's only company,visiting him so often to bring bananas and bread--the chimp's only source of food on the tiny island.It was clear how much Ponso missed companionship when he was recently visited by Chimpanzee Conservation Centre Director Estelle Raballand.The chimp immediately embraced Estelle Raballand in a huge hug and laughed as she reached out for him,with his smile from ear to ear. For those who know Ponso's backstory,his immediate ease and trust in humans might be surprising.Ponso was one of 20 chimps,all between the ages of 7 to 11 years old,relocated to an island off the Ivory Coast after being used for testing by the New York Blood Centre.After the tests were completed in 2005,the lab reportedly transferred the chimps to a string of islands,occasionally dropping off food and water because there was none in the chimps' new homes. Disease and hunger soon left only Ponso,his mate and their two children standing.But at the end of 2013 they died within days of each other and Ponso was now completely alone. A group called SOS PONSO is trying to raise money for the poor lonely chimp,already achieving its goal of $20,000--all of which will be used for Ponso's care. \n Answer: He suffers from loneliness greatly.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the chimp Ponso?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-07a8e261db464c6b812acf97ebdc03c2",
            "input": "Article: He's out there somewhere, an instant icon in the records of American conflict, the final big-game hunter. But a puzzle, too, his identity would be kept a secret for now, and maybe forever. He is the unknown shooter. The nameless, faceless triggerman who put a bullet in the head of the world's most notorious terrorist, Bin Laden. He's likely between the ages of 26 and 33, says Marcinko, founder of the \"SEALs Team 6\" that many believe led the attack on Bin Laden in Abbottabad, Pakistan. He'll be old enough to have had time to hurdle the extra training tests required to join the counter-terrorism unit, yet young enough to stand the body-punishing harshness of the job. The shooter's a man, it's safe to say, because there are no women in the SEALs. And there's a good chance he's white, though the SEALs have stepped up efforts to increase the number of minorities in their ranks, Marcinko and Smith say. He was probably a high school or college athlete, Smith says, a physical specimen who combines strength, speed and wisdom. \"They call themselves 'tactical athletes,'\" says Smith, who works with many future SEALs in his Heroes of Tomorrow training program in Severna Park. \"It's getting very scientific.\" Marcinko puts it in more conventional terms: \"He'll be ripped,\" says the author of the best-selling autobiography \"Rogue Warrior.\"\"He's got a lot of upper-body strength. Long arms. Thin waist. Flat stomach.\" On this point, Greitens departs a bit. \"You can't make a lot of physical assumptions,\" says the author of \"The Heart and the Fist: The Education of a Humanitarian, the Making of a Navy SEAL.\" There are SEALs who are 5 feet 4 and SEALs who are 6 feet 5, Greitens says. In his training group, he adds, there were college football boys who couldn't hack it; those who survived were most often men in good shape, but they also had a willingness to show their concerns in favor of the mission. The shooter's probably not the crew-cut , neatly shaven ideal we've come to expect from American fighting forces. \"He's bearded, rough-looking, like a street naughty boy,\" Marcinko supposes. \"You don't want to stick out.\" Marcinko calls it \"modified grooming standards.\" His hands will be calloused , Smith says, or just rough enough,\" as Marcinko puts it. And \"he's got frag in him somewhere,\" Marcinko says, using the battlefield shorthand for \"fragments\" of bullets or explosive devices. This will not have been the shooter's first adventure. Marcinko estimates that he might have made a dozen or more deployments , tours when he was likely to have dealt with quite a number of dangerous situations, getting ready any time for explosive devices or bullets. \n Answer: Who shot Bin Laden?",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is most likely to be the title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e682f735c8f443158a32be81951fae9e",
            "input": "Article: \"People should have one meat-free day a week if they want to make a personal and effective sacrifice that would help deal with climate change,\" the world's leading authority on global warming has told The Observer. Dr Rajendra Pachauri, chair of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, said that people should then go on to reduce their meat consumption even further. Pachauri, who was re-elected the panel's chairman for a second six-year term last week, said diet change was important because of the huge greenhouse gas emissions   and other environmental problems associated with raising cattle and other animals. \"It was relatively easy to change eating habits compared to changing means of transport,\" he said. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation has estimated that meat production accounts for nearly a fifth of global greenhouse gas emissions. These are produced during the production. For example, ruminants  , particularly cows, give off a gas called methane, which is 23 times more effective as a global warming agent than CO2. Pachauri can expect some opposite responses from the food industry to his advice, though last night he was given unexpected support by Masterchef presenter and restaurateur John Torode. \"I have a little bit and enjoy it,\" said Torode. \"Too much for any person is bad. But there's a bigger issue here: where the meat comes from. If we all bought British and stopped buying imported food, we'd save a huge amount of carbon emissions.\" Professor Robert Watson, the chief scientific adviser for the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, said government could help educate people about the benefits of eating less meat, but it should not regulate. \"Eating less meat would help, there's no question about that,\" Watson said. However, Chris Lamb, head of marketing for pig industry group BPEX, said the meat industry had been unfairly targeted and was working hard to find out which activities had the biggest environmental impact and reduce them. \"Some ideas were contradictory,\" he said. \"For example, one solution to emissions from cattle and other animals was to keep them indoors, but this would damage animal welfare. Climate change is a very young science and our view is there are a lot of simple solutions being proposed.\" \n Answer: Processing of meat.",
            "output": [
                "What is directly related to global warming?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-80983c0eadfb4bbdb1d173d2a13a902a",
            "input": "Article: RichardSolo 1800 Rechargeable Battery      In just minutes a day, plug in and charge your iPhone quickly!     Just plug RichardSolo 1800 into your iPhone once or twice a day, for fifteen minutes, and keep your iPhone charged up. At your desk, or at dinner, plug RichardSolo into iPhone to instantly transfer change. No more battery worries. RichardSolo will charge iPhone to full 1.5 time, and it is good for 3-5 years of recharges.      Use the iPhone while charging it. Even charge the RichardSolo 1800 and iPhone together at the same time. Take only one charger when traveling and wake up in the morning with the RichardSolo and the iPhone charged. RichardSolo 1800 is largest in its class and holds its charge for months. Works with almost all iPhone cases. Your satisfaction is guaranteed, with our 30-day return privilege. If you're not satisfied for any reason, we'll email you a pre-paid return label. Actual customer comments: To have your company exhibit such good service is unbelievably refreshing. ---P.S. This is what I call great customer support. I wish more companies would figure this out these days. Thank you so much.---D.C. You have provided me one of the best services I have ever seen on any online/telephone shopping.--T.K. You must have the fastest processing and shipping in the industry!!--M.C. This is the best customer service experience I have had in a long time.---L.L. I've read online about your amazing customer service, and I must say I'm now a true believer.---B.L. \n Answer: 15 minutes",
            "output": [
                "How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-963afad3790e4ffd93fa1cc5dd487ac4",
            "input": "Article: Most recently, it's very common in students who need a parent present for job interviews. Naturally, it's easy to blame the students in these situations, but the bigger problem is us. We--as parents--are so eager to protect our kids that we fail to realize that this in itself is harming them. As the mother of two young sons, I have to remind myself all the time that the biggest responsibility I have as a parent is to help them develop the skills needed to live in, to live without me. So, I'll let them fail. I'll let them fail because as long as they are safe and warm inside their comfort zones, they will never grow. And failure--along with loss, heartbreak, disappointment, etc.--will be part of growth for them. Call me the anti-tiger mom, but leaving them alone is my way of helping them become equipped to fit in this world as we know it today. From terrorism   and seemingly endless natural disasters, to our national debt and beyond, if we expect the next generation to stand up to the very real problems of our time, we need to stop feeding them and start teaching them how to fish. My children are faced with hard situations in their own life almost each day, but they try to negotiate   everything now. It's a small price to help them learn a skill they'll use for the rest of their lives, including when I don't come with them on job interviews. \n Answer: Because they want to protect their kids from difficulties.",
            "output": [
                "Why do parents go along with their kids on job interviews?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-019835e89e0841459d237ee6975123fe",
            "input": "Article: I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child development, I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the baby's point of view. Mothers, doctors and nurse alike have no idea of where a baby's blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth. It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. I've never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldn't follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks. Well, at last we have _ research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s, taking account of parental education, family income, a child's sex and age, the mother's health and feeding style. These results don't surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels. I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices. \n Answer: He sets a timetable for mothers",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think about Dr King?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b1edabb1f27546c1b7224ca8e32524d8",
            "input": "Article: Elderly people are growing healthier, happier and more independent, say American scientists. The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are affecting fewer and fewer people and when they do suffer a stroke  , it is much later in their life. In the last 14 years, the National Long-term Care Survey has gathered data on the health and lifestyles of more than 20,000 men and women over 65. Researchers, now analyzing the results of data gathered in 1994, say arthritis, high blood pressure and circulation problems -- the major medical complaints in this age group -- are troubling a smaller proportion every year. And the data confirms that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to increase. Other diseases of old age -- dementia, strokes, arteriosclerosis and emphysema -- are also troubling fewer and fewer people. \"It really raises the question of what should be considered normal ageing,\" says Kenneth Manton, a demographer   from Duke University in North Carolina. He says the problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75. Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century, for example, gave today's elderly people a better start in life than their former generations. On the downside, an increase in some cancers and bronchitis may reflect changing smoking habits and poorer air quality, say the researchers. \"These may be subtle influences,\" says Manton, \"but our subjects have been exposed to worse and worse pollution for over 60 years. It's not surprising we see some effect.\" One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that better-educated people are likely to live longer. For example, 65-year-old women with fewer than eight years of schooling are expected, on average, to live to 82. Those who continued their education live an extra seven years. Although some of this can be attributed to a higher income, Manton believes it is mainly because educated people seek more medical attention. The survey also assessed how independent people over 65 were, and again found a striking trend. Almost 80% of those in the 1994 survey could complete everyday activities ranging from eating and dressing unaided to complex tasks such as cooking and managing their finances. That represents a significant drop in the number of disabled old people in the population. According to Manton, slowing the trend has saved the United States government's medicare system more than $200 billion, suggesting that the ageing of America's population may prove less of a financial burden than expected. But independence can have drawbacks. Scientists found that elderly people who felt emotionally isolated maintained higher levels of stress hormones even when asleep. The research suggests that older people live best when they feel independent but know they can get help when they need it. \n Answer: A healthier, happier and more independent ageing population in the US.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main topic of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-58e7708d61e54d1db20c8398c24cdb92",
            "input": "Article: Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what's going on in the world; they're affected by what's going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who've just eaten. Psychologists have known for decades that what's going on inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, France, wanted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain's high-1evel thinking processes get involved. Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten. For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word, each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they'd seen-a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it. Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception, not in thinking processes, Radel says. \"This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs. \"Radel says. \n Answer: Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testers, hungry and non-hungry.",
            "output": [
                "Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-89b64a19d2c4470c8d5d736a2080be35",
            "input": "Article: A group of graduates, successful in their careers, got together to visit their old university professor. Conversation soon turned into complaints about stress in work and life. Before offering his guests coffee, the professor went to the kitchen and returned with a large pot of coffee and a variety of cups--porcelain, plastic, glass, crystal, some plain looking and cheap, some exquisite and expensive--telling them to help themselves to the coffee. When all the students had a cup of coffee in hand, the professor said: \"If you noticed, all the nice looking expensive cups were taken up, leaving behind the plain and cheap ones. While it is normal for you to want only the best for yourselves, that is the source of your problems and stress. Be assured that the cup itself adds no quality to the coffee. In most cases it is just more expensive and in some cases even hides what we drink. What all of you really wanted was coffee, not the cup, but you consciously went for the best cups... And then you began eyeing each other's cups. Now consider this: Life is the coffee; the jobs, money and position in society are the cups. They are just tools to hold and contain Life, and the type of cup we have does not define, nor change the quality of life we live. Sometimes, by concentrating only on the cup, we fail to enjoy the coffee God has provided for us.\" God brews the coffee, not the cups. Enjoy your coffee! \"The happiest people don't have the best of everything. They just make the best of everything. \"[Z Live simply. Love generously. Care deeply. Speak kindly. Leave the rest to God. \n Answer: To tell his students the right attitude to life.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the professor offer his students coffee with varieties of cups?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6aaa01ccc5d24907b6c4d5a89852c11b",
            "input": "Article: The first Starbucks coffee shop opened in 1971 in downtown Seattle, Washington, in the United States. It was a small coffee shop that roasted its own coffee beans. The coffee shop's business did well, and by 1981 there were three more Starbucks stores in Seattle. Things really began to change for the company in 1981. That year, Howard Schultz met the three men who ran Starbucks. Schultz worked in New York for a company that made kitchen equipment. He noticed that Starbucks ordered a large number of special coffee makers, and he was curious about the company. Schultz went to Seattle to see what Starbucks did , and he liked what he saw. He wanted to become part of the company. In 1982, the original Starbucks owners hired Schultz as the company's head of marketing. In 1983, Schultz traveled to Italy. The unique atmosphere of the espresso  bars there caught his eye. To Schultz it seemed that Italians spent their daily lives in three places: home, work , and coffee bars . His experience in Italy gave Schultz a new idea for Starbucks back in Seattle. Schultz created an atmosphere for Starbucks coffee shops that was comfortable and casual, and customers everywhere seemed to like it. Between 1987 and 1992, Starbucks opened 150 new stores---and that was only the beginning. As a matter of fact, by the year 2000, three new Starbucks stores opened somewhere around the world every day! Today, Starbucks has thousands of stores, including stores in twenty-six countries. One thing that helps make Starbucks succeed in cities outside the United Stateds is the way Starbucks works with local stores and restaurants. By working together with a store already in the city, Starbucks gains an understanding of customers in the city.  This understanding helps Starbucks open stores in the right locations for their customers. \n Answer: how Starbucks has grown",
            "output": [
                "What is the main topic of the reading?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-98e0bc0345a14fc5aa9a8eed75b5fc59",
            "input": "Article: Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens  , said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2013. The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke. \"Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,\" the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. \"The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.\" In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder   cancer, according to the IARC. Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases. Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time. Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk. Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5--tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers--that are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15. Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world. \"Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,\" said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC. \n Answer: Air pollution, smog risk",
            "output": [
                "What might be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e628824ee2c540feb6d1f4b547ec4b65",
            "input": "Article: The prestigious   Peking University and Tsinghua University held graduation ceremonies on the same day this year. The presidents of the two universities delivered excellent speeches at the ceremonies as they used words, phrases or ways of expression that are very popular on the Internet currently. At the same time, graduation speeches by other university presidents were also under the spotlight for the same reason. Their speeches were warmly welcomed by students as they contained many fashionable words today, such as \"floating clouds\" ( meaning \"too small and of little importance to mention\") and \"gelivable\" (meaning \" very helpful\") . In the speeches , these university presidents recalled campus life together with students and finally moved all the audiences. They were very different from the usual run of lectures. Many university presidents have changed their regular manner of addressing graduation ceremonies from an advising and preaching   mode to a more fashionable and funny approach. They try to use those words popular among young people in their speeches. In the past, university presidents' speeches were criticized for being too standard and lacking sentiment. Now , they quote fashionable words in their addresses, reflecting they are starting to adopt more everyday attitudes to students. The use of these new expressions has _ a heated discussion. It focuses on the question of whether university presidents should speak in an informal way at graduation ceremonies. Supporters agree with the new approach. They consider it good to build close ties with students by using the youth's own words. Opponents argue the new ways have no practical value or significance for education but are merely to please those leaving university. \n Answer: Should University Heads Use Terms of Youth",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b5a15b413d540c6a047962bff3f1953",
            "input": "Article: The information below is taken from a dictionary page. jaguar: n. a type of large, yellow-colored cat with black markings found in the southwestern region of the U. S. and in Central and South America. jargon: 1. n. speech that doesn't make sense. 2. n. an unknown language that seems strange or impossible to understand. 3. n. a language made up of two or more other languages: His jargon was a mixture of French and English. 4. n. the special vocabulary of a field or profession: Her report on computers was filled with jargon. jaunt: 1. n. a trip taken for fun. 2. v. to go on a brief pleasant trip: We jaunted to the country last Saturday. javelin: 1. n.. a spear  most commonly used as weapon or in hunting. 2. n. a light metal or wooden spear that is thrown in track-and-field sport events. 3. n. the event in which a javelin is thrown. 4. v. to strike, as with a javelin. jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. empty talk. 4. ad. of or like jazz: a jazz band, jazz records. Jennet: n. a small Spanish horse. jest: 1.n. thing said or done to cause amusement; joke. 2. (idiom) in jest: as a joke ; in fun; not seriously. 3.v.make jokes \n Answer: Definition 2",
            "output": [
                "Which meaning of the word javelin is used in the sentence below?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac98b758e5574de08f5299c30629bd57",
            "input": "Article: Food picked up just a few seconds after being dropped is less likely to contain bacteria  than if it is left for longer periods of time, according to the findings of research carried out at Aston University's School of Life and Health Sciences. The findings suggest there may be some scientific basis to the \"5 second rule\" --- the belief about it being fine to eat food that has only had contact with the floor for five seconds or less. Although people have long followed the 5 second rule, until now it was unclear whether it actually helped. The study, undertaken by final year Biology students and led by Anthony Hilton, Professor of Microbiology at Aston University, monitored the transfer of the common bacteria from a variety of indoor flooring types (carpet, cement floor etc.) to toast, pasta, a biscuit and a sticky sweet when contact was made from 3 to 30 seconds. The results showed that: Time is a significant factor in the transfer of bacteria from a floor surface to a piece of food; and the type of flooring the food has been dropped on has an effect, with bacteria least likely to transfer from carpeted surfaces and most likely to transfer from cement flooring surfaces to moist  foods making contact for more than 5 seconds. Professor Hilton said: \"Consuming food dropped on the floor still carries an infection risk as it very much depends on which bacteria are present on the floor at the time.\" The Aston team also carried out a survey of the number of people who employ the 5 second rule. The survey showed that: 87% of people surveyed said they would eat food dropped on the floor, or already have done so. 55% of those who would eat or have eaten food dropped on the floor are women. 81% of the women who would eat food from the floor would follow the 5 second rule. Professor Hilton added, \"Our study showed that a surprisingly large majority of people are happy to consume dropped food, with women the most likely to do so. But they are also more likely to follow the 5 second rule.\" \n Answer: The food dropped on the cement floor is not as safe as food dropped on the carpet within 30 seconds.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d0ca6c0506454510947663ce4df454f6",
            "input": "Article: The Sauna World Championships   ended in tragedy at the weekend when one of the two finalists collapsed and died. Vladimir Ladyzhenskiy, a Russian amateur wrestler in his 60s, suffered severe burns in the bizarre  annual event in the southern Finnish town of Heinola. He was pronounced dead late on Saturday after he collapsed alongside reigning   champion Timo Kaukonen of Finland roughly six minutes into the final round. The \"sport\" calls on participants to sit in a 230-degree (110 Celsius) room as water was tossed onto a _ stove, officials and witnesses said. Medical workers pulled both men out of the sauna in front of nearly 1,000 horrified spectators. Both were shaking and bleeding from what appeared to be severe burns, said Hakon Eikesdal, a photographer with the Norwegian daily Dagbladet. Kaukonen, about 40, was in hospital in stable condition Sunday, contest spokesman Ossi Arvela said. The event, which had over 130 participants from 15 countries, had been held since 1999. It will never be held again, Arvela said. A pint of water is added to the stove every 30 seconds and the last person to remain at the sauna is the winner. There was no prize other than \"some small things\" Arvela said. He declined to provide details. Arvela said Kaukonen -- the defending world champion -- had refused to leave the sauna despite getting sick. Sauna bathing is a popular past-time in Finland, which has an estimated 1.6 million saunas for a population of 5 million. Temperatures are normally kept around 158 to 176 degrees (70~80 degrees Celsius). \"I know this is very hard to understand to people outside Finland who are not familiar with the sauna habit,\" Arvela said. \"It is not so unusual to have 110 degrees in a sauna. A lot of competitors before have sat in higher temperatures than that.\" Arvela said all rules in Saturday's competition were followed and the temperatures and times were similar to those in previous years. \n Answer: Ossi Arvela suggested there were great risks in the sauna contest and it never be held in the future.",
            "output": [
                "What can we conclude from the situation after the tragedy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fa39c1b03e2546569d7ef8d5d54e3ed9",
            "input": "Article: The editor of the new Cool Camping Britain guide chooses some of his favorite new finds in England, Wales and Scotland. Cleadale, Isle of Eigg, Inner Hebrides Is this Britain's most beautiful campsite? From the grassy point looking seaward to the mountains, it's not hard for campers to see how the island inspired The Lord of the Rings author's fantasy landscapes. The campsite itself is as wild and wonderful as its setting. Open April -- September, from PS5 per tent per night. Swattesfield, Thornham Magna, Suffolk Deep in the wilds of north Suffolk, this seven-acre campsite has only been open for a few years, with two fields separated by a lake and surrounded by woodland. The position is perfect. It's a great place to do nothing but get into nature. You can put up your tent in the bottom field or the woodland beyond. Open Easter -- October, from PS10 per tent per night. Pleasant Streams Farm, near St Austell, Cornwall This site, by a lake, is all about simple pleasures. Located in the former mining village, it has a summerhouse with books and games for a rainy day. There are many animals including pigs, hens, goats and ducks on the farm and a pub just a 10- minute stroll away. There's very little to do here, no bells and no whistles. Campfires are encouraged. Open Easter -- September, from PS10 per tent per night. Troytown Campsite, St Agnes, Isles of Sciily Its only campsite, Troytown, couldn't be in a more remote position. Isolation is its greatest advantage -- so bring plenty of books to read and don't expect a phone signal. But at least one of life's necessities is available. Lying on the hillside overlooking the bay and near the island of the Gugh, it might just win the prize for best beer garden view in England. Open March October, from PS7. 50 per tent per night, \n Answer: The rent of a tent per night is the lowest.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about Cleadale, Isle of Eigg, Inner Hebrides?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ef9dcce101c24f65bfe04673bbe9020e",
            "input": "Article: I learned how our attitudes made a big difference in our everyday lives from my friend Mary. She doesn't have any pets. I happened to see her outside on a -30 degree morning walking a dog. I felt sorry for Mary, out there walking a dog that's not hers in such cold weather. I thought maybe she was saying to herself, \"Yeah, this is why I don't have any pets! I hate walking dogs.\" Later that day I saw Mary and said, \"I saw you out there walking a dog this morning. Are you unhappy because you had to walk it on such a cold day?\" To my surprise, she said that she enjoyed getting out there and walking the dog and that she got good exercise because of the dog. She also said she had talked to her brother, the dog's owner, who was on holiday in Orlando, Florida with his family. He said his children were enjoying Disney World and the resorts  . His four-year-old son had breakfast with Mickey Mouse and said it was the best day in his life. Mary said, \"If I can help my brother and his family have a wonderful time relaxing for a week, knowing that their pet is being loved and cared for, what more could I ask for?\" She added, \"It's worth it for me to make the sacrifice   so that they can go and have fun.\" I learned a lesson from Mary. \n Answer: She was sorry for not going on holiday with her brother.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Mary?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8bbea35781a84e9faf2005517e40d881",
            "input": "Article: Human beings have a natural desire to explore the unknown. People with a strong interest in space like to say it is the last place left to explore. But scientists are warning that space exploration for long periods is not going to be easy. They say the human body is not designed to stay in space over an extended period. The New York Times recently published a report about scientists who are preparing astronauts for a trip to the Moon. The newspaper said the scientists want to make sure that their crews return home in good health. But there are many problems to be solved before people are ready for long trips to the Moon, an asteroid or even the planet Mars. Humans developed on a planet with a surface that is more than 70 percent water. Our bodies are also about 70 percent water. When there is no gravity that water moves up toward the head, raising pressure in the skull. Arms and legs grow weaker at what is called zero gravity because they no longer need to push against the force of gravity. Five years ago, astronauts who spent weeks in space reported a change in their eyesight. These astronauts were members of the crew on the International Space Station. Research showed a change in the shape of their eyes. Normally-round eyeballs had become flat during time in space. The research also showed that the right eye was affected more than the left, and that men were more affected than women. Scientists could not find an explanation for the differences. Bone loss was one of the problems first reported by astronauts returning to Earth after longer stays in space. So scientists designed exercise machines to use on the space station. Tests showed that the exercise equipment helped space travelers keep their bones almost as strong as when they left Earth. There are other health issues for astronauts who spend a long time in space. They may have problems eating and sleeping. But the biggest health issue is exposure to radiation. On Earth, human beings are protected by the atmosphere and the planet's magnetic field. In outer space, there is no such protection. \n Answer: Long periods in space will affect the health of astronauts.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-808a2a6aba0a4048b698c416479d2525",
            "input": "Article: If you have ever been rock climbing, you will know that it is not a very easy sport. In fact, you probably felt quite defeated when you first tried to do any serious climbing. Indoor and outdoor rock climbing are both extremely demanding and require practice to get good at. It is one of the most physically and mentally demanding sports. There are three basic types of rock climbing. Top roping is the most common type and the climber need to climb with a partner. The second type, which is very similar to top roping, is called lead climbing. In both of the types, the climber can sit off the wall and rest on the rope. The third type is called bouldering. Bouldering is a type of free climbing without any ropes. This is the most demanding of all climbing types. The climber must be able to complete the climbing without taking a rest on the rope. Believe it or not, climbing is said to be about 75% legs and only 25% arms. To climb efficiently and successfully, a person needs to have a wonderful technique. One of the major rules of rock climbing is to always have three points touching the wall, whether it is both feet and one hand, or one foot and both hands, as it is much easier to have your weight  cases will not do the climbing; they only hold you into the wall so that your legs are actually pushing you upward. Also, the closer you are to the wall, the easier it is to climb. Rock climbing may sound a bit too extreme for the everyday person, but it is really an amazing workout. Once you get into the sport, and learn how to position your body and rest your weight, then you can begin to deal with some difficult problems. The great thing about rock climbing is that it is mentally challenging as well. You are constantly analyzing the way your body moves and how to do certain moves on the wall. For anyone who wants to get into shape, rock climbing is a fun and effective way to exercise muscles. \n Answer: It is challenging.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think of rock climbing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-838114e1318642939663c6967586a86b",
            "input": "Article: About a year ago, if you had asked who Dinara Safina was the answer would have been:   \"She is Marat. Safin's younger sister.\"  Back then she was overshadowed by her wonder brother.  But now she has made a name for herself: the world No. 1 player in women's tennis. The 22-year-old Russian. will overtake Serena Williams of the prefix = st1 /USfor top ranking on April 20.  \"Before, every place I go, I am Marat's sister. Nothing else,\" she told New York Times. \"I always wanted to be myself, and now finally the results are coming, and people can know me as Dinara Satina.\" Safina has made it to two great event finals, in the 2008 French and in this year's Australian Open, and won a silver medal in the Beijing Olympic Games. Clearly; family isn't the only connection Safina's and her brother share. Both of their DNA burns with competitive fire. Satin has held the distinction for years of being a hot tempered player on Court. When he lost his temper, he would break a racket . Safina is as emotionally explosive as her brother. A headline in the newspaper The Australian once described her as   \"mad as a snake\".  The Sydney Morning Herald, during the Australian Open, summed up Safina's volatile emotional state with the headline: \"Satina goes from basket case to top of the world.\" It's not rare for a family to have two top tennis players. Safina's father owns a tennis academy and her mother worked as a coach.   \"I had no choice but to become a tennis player, but I don't mind being a tennis player,\" Safina said. From this talented family she is also given one of her best weapons on court, her size. She is 1.82 meters tall and Weighs 70 kg. But it is hard work that led her to her recent Success. \"I hope to prove to everyone over the coming months that I deserve the honor of being world No. 1,\" she said. \n Answer: How Safina came first in world women's tennis.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2306fa54b83748f8a03b1e5eb76ab324",
            "input": "Article: As an English teacher, one of the most common problems I've found with my students is their lack of confidence with speaking, and difficulty in understanding native speakers. Another problem could be that a foreign language taught in schools can sound quite different to what native speakers actually use. There are a few English words and expressions that I'd never heard until I came to China. The most common one in my experience is \"How are you? I'm fine, thank you, and you?\" I appreciate that although this greeting is much too formal for everyday use - it's easy to learn and helps build confidence. However, it can be a hard habit to break. I've seen many parents correct their kids if they don't use that exact phrase, as if simply replying \"I'm fine\" would somehow be rude. In fact I'm banning my students from saying that in the classroom, insisting a simple \"I'm fine, thanks\" is good enough. \"Seldom\" is another one that I find interesting. The first time a student told me \"I seldom watch TV\", my initial reaction was a stupefied look, followed by \"Huh?\" I then realized the student used \"seldom\" when it's more common for us to use \"rarely.\" I was just as confused when I first heard a toilet referred to as a WC (water closet), another English term I'd never heard of back in Australia. Of course, my students know the other names for it like bathroom, toilet, washroom etc. so to prefer that name is an interesting choice.   I don't mind that my students have substituted familiar English words with their own, far from it. It reminds me how creative they can be with not only their language, but with mine as well. It's healthy for English to evolve   and change and I'm happy to add these new words to my vocabulary. One important lesson I've learnt is that textbooks can only help you so much. For further improvement you'd better practice with native speakers. \n Answer: Chinese students are more creative.",
            "output": [
                "What does the article mainly tell about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fcdf9ad62e7042dfa5f645cb7bd2c356",
            "input": "Article: Most American kids love Halloween treats, but a bucket of Halloween candy can be a dentist's nightmare. Some parents try to get rid of half of the candy after their children go to bed, but dentists say parents also need to separate the good kinds of treats from the bad. It is not exactly what a child eats that truly matters, but how much time it stays in his mouth. According to pediatric dentist Dr. Kaneta Lott, the most damaging stuff is something that is sticky or very hard and thus stays in the mouth for a long time. This is because we all have bacteria in our mouths. When we eat, the bacteria take our food as their food and produce an acid that destroys the surface of the teeth, causing cavities to form. The longer the food stays in the mouth, the more likely cavities will develop. Therefore, potato chips are worse than candy because they get stuck between teeth. For the same reason, raisins and crackers are not the best choice. Hard candies take a long time to consume and are also a bad choice for Halloween treats.    If children really love candy, dentists recommend that they eat chocolate instead. Unlike hard candies, chocolate dissolves quickly in the mouth. Besides, chocolate contains tannins, which help to kill some of the bacteria in the mouth. But no matter what a child eats, brushing after each meal is still the best way to fight cavities. \n Answer: To teach parents the meaning of Halloween candies for their children.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e698f93078044d78a2e970b89d7b9992",
            "input": "Article: Plan on traveling around the USA? There are a number of outstanding websites that  can make your American dream come true. www.101 usaholidays.co.uk This is the latest offering that features 101 holiday ideas to the USA.It's a diverse selection,ranging from touring in the footsteps of Martin Luther King to a golfing break inArizona and a cycling and wine--tasting trip in California's Napa Valley.Narrow down what  you're looking for--whether by price,region,theme and who will be traveling--and then just the photos of the relevant holidays remain on view.It's a really clever design. [Link] The National Scenic Byways Program covers 150 memorable roads.Some are natural    scenic routes,such as Route l along the California coast.Others focus on history(such as    Route 66)or man-made attractions(the Las Vegas Strip).For each,you're provided with a    map telling the route's length and how long is allowed. www.oyster.com This is the best website for reviews of hotels in US cities and tourist sites.There are photos of each hotel.Importantly,these are not promotional photos provided by the hotels,but more honest and revealing ones taken by inspectors.From the 243 hotels reviewed in New York,you can narrow down what you are looking for by locations,facilities and styles,or just pick out a selection of the best. [Link] SeaWorld in San Diego can make dreams come true,but the price is not affordable for    the majority of people.So turn to long--established,giving big discounts on tickets,hotel    and dining at SeaWorld. \n Answer: A book review.",
            "output": [
                "Where is the text probably from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9e60da3112d74c7d8228044879a813d4",
            "input": "Article: We've reached a strange--some would say unusual--point. While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO), more people now die from being overweight, or say, from being extremely fat, than from being underweight. It's the good life that's more likely to kill us these days. Worse, nearly l8 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight. What's going on? We really don't have many excuses for our weight problems. The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting through--up to a point. In the 1970s, Finland, for example, had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause. Not any more. A public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades. Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005, and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body. That has become a sort of fashion. No wonder it ranks as the world's most body-conscious country. We know what we should be doing to lose weight--but actually doing it is another matter. By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise. More than half of us admit we lack willpower. Others blame good food. They say: it's just too inviting and it makes them overeat. Still others lay the blame on the Americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much American-style fast food. Some also blame their parents--their genes. But unfortunately, the parents are wronged because they're normal in shape, or rather slim. It's a similar story around the world, although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight. Parents are eager to see their kids shape up. Do as I say--not as I do. \n Answer: The good life is a greater risk than the bad life.",
            "output": [
                "What is the \"strange\" point mentioned in the first sentence?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7ce980d67f4c4b979301bb01e98bf91f",
            "input": "Article: \"Mobile phones killed our man,\"screamed one headline last year. Also came claims that an unpublished study had found that mobile phones cause memory loss. And a British newspaper devoted its front page to a picture supposedly showing how mobile phones heat the brain. For anyone who uses a moblie phone, these are worring times. But speak to the scientists whose work is the focus of these scared and you will hear a different story. What we do have, however, are some results suggesting that mobile phones'emission have a variety of strange effects on living tissue that can't be explained by the general radiation biology. And it's only when the questions raised by these experients are answered that we'll be able to say for sure what moblie phones might be doing to the brain. One of the odd effects comes from the now famous\"merrory loss\" study. Alan Preece and his colleagues at the prefix = st1 /UniversityofBristolplaced a device that imitated the microwave emission of mobile phones to the left ear of volunteers. The volunteers were all goood at recalling words and pictures they had been shown on a computer screen. Preece says he still can't comment on the effects of using a mobile phone for years on end. But he rules out the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive abilities.\"I'm pretty sure there is no effect on short-term memory,\" he says. Another expert, Tatterasll, remarked that his latest findings have removed fears about memory loss. One result, for instance, suggests that nerve cell synapses  exposed to microwaves become more----rather than less-----receptive to under-going changes linked to the memory formation. It would be an even happier outcome if microwave turned out to be good for you. It sounds crazy, but a couple of years ago a team led by William Adey at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in California, found that mice exposed to microwave for two hours a day were less likely to develop brain tumours  when given a cancer-causing chemical. So should we forget about mobile phone radiation causing brain tumours and scrambling our minds? \"If it doesn't certainly cause cancer in animals and cells, then it probably isn't going to cause cancer in humans,\"says William. And while there's still no   evidence that mobile phone does mangle your memories or give your cancer, the  _ is:Don't panic. \n Answer: All above is right",
            "output": [
                "What worries people who use mobile phones?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4ffd51ce969a4482b6ac9eb39febecaf",
            "input": "Article: Delvin Washington was having a difficult speech therapy  . Over half a year ago, Washington was preparing for the biggest day of his young life ---graduating from high school. But on a cloudy day in May, he had a serious car accident. He survived, but his life changed forever. He recently began all-day physical rehabilitation  . He is relearning almost everything, from the names of his best friends to simple physical tasks. His friends and family have given him a lot of support. While Washington lay in a coma in hospital, friends and family filled his room during visits. They celebrated his 18th birthday in July while he was still unconscious.Two days after Thanksgiving, eight friends from high school visited Washington at his home. The friends looked through photos on Facebook, showing them all to Washington. As he sat in his wheelchair, friends asked him to recognize the people in the photos, helping him recover his brain. Washington's popularity doesn't come from nowhere. He was determined to become a police officer after college and behaved like a respectable police officer at school.His high school principal  , Eric Markinson, said Washington was always a gentleman. \"He was incredibly gracious   and incredibly helpful,\"he said. His accident has damaged Washington's brain. It has caused his left side, from his face to his feet, to all but shut down. His personality has also changed. The serious police-officer behavior is gone. He laughs a lot and smiles when he sees children, his mom said. Now Washington is working hard on all-day rehabilitation. So far, he has made tremendous   improvement, said his therapist Lindsay Sims.\"I try to live as independently as possible,\"Washington said slowly but firmly. \n Answer: He was seriously injured in a car accident.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to Delvin Washington last May?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c7bcc9cef4d84e7c92f1409d0561bde0",
            "input": "Article: I have two kids, a boy and a girl. I don't worry about my girl; I'm sure she'll be well trained in mixed martial arts. I worry about my son. I'm pretty sure he's going to be feminine  . Sorry to say that, but let's face it. No dad wants his son to go feminine. At the rate we're moving in a couple of years you won't be able to tell the difference between boys and girls. Sound extreme? Think about this. In every movie where advanced time-traveling beings come to our planet, there's one constant: You can't tell the male aliens from the female aliens! But that's the future. Kids today are soft and fat. People ask why. Is it junk food? No. Junk food has been around for fifty years. Is it video games? No. Video games have been around for thirty years. None of the kids playing them back in the day were terribly obese. We're all scratching our heads trying to figure out what we've introduced to society to ruin our kids. But it's not anything we've added that has ruined our kids. It's stuff we've gotten rid of. Take the gym rope for example. Remember that thing that stretched from the floor to the ceiling in your gym class that you could never climb? Most of the kids couldn't make it to the top. But that wasn't the point; the point was you had to try while some middle-aged guy who couldn't make it up a flight of stairs shouted at you. We should have put our son on that rope, and given him a head start. But we didn't want to shame the boy, so we took it down. Taking down the rope would be a good idea if there were no ropes in life. But they're everywhere. You just can't see them. They're in every goal unrealized and expectation not met. The point everyone missed about the rope is you weren't supposed to make it to the top. It was there to create a fire that burned in the oversize belly of every kid. \n Answer: Boys are going feminine.",
            "output": [
                "What is the example of aliens used to show?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e699a475e1334dca83675b13ac029d3e",
            "input": "Article: Charles Plumb was a US Navy jet fighter pilot in Viet Nam. After 75 missions, his plane was destroyed by a surface-to-air missile. Plumb parachuted down into enemy hands. He was captured and spent 6 years in a communist Vietnamese prison. One day, Plumb and his wife were sitting in a restaurant when a man from another table came up and said \"You're Plumb! You flew jet fighters in Viet Nam from the aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk. You were shot down!\" \"How in the world did you know that?\" asked Plumb. \"I packed your parachute,\" the man replied. \"I guess it worked\". Plumb assured him, \"It sure did. If your chute  hadn't worked, I wouldn't be here today.\" Plumb couldn't sleep that night, thinking about that man. Plumb says, \"I kept wondering what he looked like in a Navy uniform: a white hat, a bib in the back, and bell-bottom trousers. I wonder how many times I might have seen him and not even said 'Good morning. How are you?' or anything because, you see, I was a fighter pilot and he was 'just a sailor'\". Plumb thought of the many hours the sailor had spent at a long wooden table in the bowels of the ship, carefully weaving the shrouds  and folding the silks of each chute, holding in his hands each time the fate of someone he didn't know. Sometimes in the daily challenges that life gives us, we miss what is really important. We may fail to say hello, please, thank you, congratulate someone on something wonderful that has happened to them, give a compliment, or just do something nice for no reason. As you go through this week, this month, this year, recognize people who pack your parachutes. \n Answer: He thought the sailor was just an unimportant man.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't Plumb say hello to the sailor each time he passed him on the Kitty Hawk?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-589900b79264412e9daced1dc4e90d66",
            "input": "Article: When visiting New York City with your kids,there are many things to do with kids that will entertain their spirits and feed their minds. The Whispering Gallery Make your way to the Whispering Gallery. The Whispering Room's architecture allows for a phenomenon that usually makes people laugh. Once inside the gallery,place one person facing the corner at one end of the room and then place another person facing the corner at the opposite end. Ask one of the participants to whisper a phrase or a quick sentence or two and the person on the opposite end will be able to hear every word that was said. E. 42nd St. 2127715322 grandcentralterminal. com The American Museum of Natural History The American Museum of Natural History was founded in 1869. In addition to its impressive exhibits,permanent attractions bring the cool factor home to kids. They can enter the Fossil Halls and see the impressive dinosaur skeletons .And the Milstein Hall of Ocean Life educates kids about the fragility of the Ocean Central Park West at 79th St. 2127695606 amnh. org the Scholastic Store Most parents want their children to read,and moreover,to enjoy reading. Scholastic helps to make that wish a reality by publishing interesting,well-written stories that are popular with children. With such classics as\"Clifford the Big Red Dog\",\"The Magic School Bus,\"and\"Harry Potter,\"the Scholastic Store will delight your children. 557 Broadway 2123436100 scholastic. com Ellen's Stardust Diner  The restaurant is a place where each person in your family can find something to eat. Arugula salads,grilled cheese,burgers and meatloaf are all on this varied menu. A hall of beauty queens,a drive-in theatre and wait staff that sing to you can add to this unique dining experience. 1650 Broadway,corner of 51st St. 2129565151 ellensstardustdiner. com \n Answer: scholastic. com.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following websites helps kids learn about animals?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2582cd49d08745d5824406218b735954",
            "input": "Article: Cocoa Beach /Jupiter Surf Camp -- Summer                             Summer Surf Camp is centrally located on the Best Western seashore in Cocoa Beach & Jupiter at Carlin Beach Park with accommodations  at the Holiday Inn Express in Juno Beach.                            Summer Surf Camp Dates: * Surf Camp -- Session 1     May 27th--30th           Family Surf Week (All Ages) * Surf Camp -- Session 2     June 2nd--6th             Family Surf Week (All Ages) * Surf Camp -- Session 3     June9th--13th           Teen Week (Ages 12--17) * Surf Camp -- Session 4     June16th--20th          Family Surf Week (All Ages) * Surf Camp -- Session 5     June23rd--27th          Adults Only (18 and over) * Surf Camp -- Session 6     June30th--July 3rd       Family Surf Week (All Ages) * Surf Camp -- Session 7     July 7th--11th           Family Surf Week (All Ages) * Surf Camp -- Session 8     July 14th--18th          Women's Camp (18 and over) *Surf Camp -- Session 9     July 21st--25th          Family Surf Week (All Ages) * Surf Camp -- Session 10    July 28th--August 1st     Adults Only (18 and over)                             * A 20% discount will be applied to the 4-Day Surf Camp Weeks. * Parents are always welcome to sign up and join their children during the teen week surf camp sessions. Summer Camp Details: * Use coupon  code: \"CAMP5\" at checkout to get the 5% discount * Daily Rate: $125.00 / person * Surf Camp Runs: 9:30 a.m. -- 2:30 p.m. *Please note: We don't supervise  the campers after 2: 45 p.m. * Directions to Camp: click here \n Answer: Mrs Black and her 21-year-old daughter.",
            "output": [
                "Who are allowed to take pan in Session 5 and Session 8?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a259306dba334b8b91f0ba651e69acba",
            "input": "Article: Few people would question the value of taking part in sports for young people . With proper training , supervision , protective equipment and techniques , and a proper emphasis on winning , sports can develop a healthy body and spirit and a life-long interest in being active and fit . Without such measures , childhood sports can lead to injuries and even paralysis or death . Even in the best conditions , no activity can be risk-free. But most serious are preventable. Cyclists and football players can reduce their risks by wearing helmets, hockey players by wearing masks;basketball and tennis players by wearing eye guards; baseball players by wearing batting helmets . Besides, risks to individual players can often be found , and thus prevented , through a properly performed medical exam before a child plays . For accidents that cannot be preventable , having an emergency plan and first-aid equipment , and someone trained to use the equipment, can be lifesaving . Still , each year , according to the American College of Sports Medicine , more than 775,000 children under 14 are treated in emergency rooms for sports injuries , nearly half of them preventable . An estimated 300,000 athletes experience exercise-related head illnesses each year , and almost all of them should have been avoided . Further , from half to three-fourths of sports-related concussions are never even diagnosed ; the injured are often sent back to play too soon and put a risk of another more serious brain-damaging concussion . To help reduce these risks , the National Center for Sports Safety , with the National Athletic Trainers' Association , offers a three-hour online safety course for coaches for $28 at \n Answer: All the accidents cannot be prevented .",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4610729ad5714fb9b07e29e1117f736c",
            "input": "Article: When Siva Kalyan was born, his backbone was deformed resulting in a lifelong difficulty in walking. But that hasn't stopped the nine-year-old from becoming a prodigy . Until he was three-and-a-half years old, Siva could not even crawl. Wanting the best treatment for their son, Siva's parents moved with him from India to Australia and later to the USA. In the USA, his parents enrolled him in the second grade based on his age. But his teachers soon realized they had a genius. Siva was then tested for the eighth grade, but it was soon found out that he was actually qualified for college courses. As one advanced course was not enough, the brilliant boy is now taking two courses from Stanford University. Due to the treatment he received, Siva's physical condition has improved as well. But none of  _ \"just happened\". It was his parents' understanding and correct guidance, and the loving care of his grandparents that contributed to the growth of the genius. Siva's highly educated and hardworking family has brought him up on the basis of certain principles. The family believes that once a strong foundation is built for the child in English and mathematics, the child is equipped to master any other subject, law, history, or engineering. It is equally important to recognize the strengths of a child rather than forcing the child to do things that he may not want to do. Siva's parents helped. Siva focus his energies on his strength, which is mathematics. At the same time they took care to see that he had friends to play with and enjoyed a few recreational activities. The only activity that's restricted for Siva is viewing television. Siva watches TV only for 30 minutes a day and video games are a bonus for special occasions. Thanks to his mother who is a singer, Siva has also learned music and even won the first and second prize at two competitions. In sports, he likes to swim. He began to learn swimming to strengthen his muscles, and by the age of eight he was able to swim a kilometer in both the backstroke and the freestyle. \n Answer: They wanted their son to receive the best treatment.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Siva's parents move to the USA?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bd2de1487ca147b7a4c30ec6811dcf59",
            "input": "Article: LONDON--Archaeologists have discovered a smaller prehistoric  site near Britain's famous circle of standing stones at Stonehenge. Researchers have named the site \"Bluehenge\" after the color of the 27 Welsh stones that were laid to make up a path. The stones have disappeared, but the path of holes remains. The new circle, unearthed over the summer by researchers from Sheffield University, represents an important find, researchers said Saturday. The site is about a mile away from Stonehenge. Bluehenge, about 80 miles southwest of London, is believed to date back to about the time Stonehenge was built, about 5,000 years ago. Mike Parker Pearson of Sheffield University said he believed the path and stonehenge itself were linked to rituals  of life and death. Mike Parker suggested that the ancient funerary rituals began at a different circle site known as \"Wood-henge\", which represented the world of the living. The bodies of the dead were then brought down the River Avon to Bluehenge, which represented death, and were finally carried along a ceremonial route known as the Avenue to Stonehenge. Bournemouth University Professor Tim Darvill, an expert on Stonehenge, told Britain's Dail Mail that Bluehenge \"adds to the richness\" of the ancient site's story. \"This henge is very important because it forms part of the picture of ceremonial monuments in the area and puts Stonehenge into context,\" Darvill was quoted  as saying. \"It's no longer Stonehenge standing alone, but it has to be seen in context with the landscape.\" \n Answer: Three",
            "output": [
                "How many henges are mentioned in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8b3a8b186954c359a5d965e6ea2834e",
            "input": "Article: I knew I was all right now. Nobody else would come ahunting after me. I got my traps out of the canoe and made me a nice camp in the thick woods. I made a tent out of my blankets to put my things under so the rain couldn't get at them. I caught a catfish and towards sundown I started my camp fire and had supper. When it was dark I sat by my camp fire, feeling pretty satisfied; but by and by it got sort of lonesome, so I went and sat on the bank and listened to the current crashing along, and counted the stars and drift logs and rafts that came down, and then went to bed; there was no better way to when you are lonesome; you can't stay so, and you soon get it over. And so for three days and nights. No difference--just the same thing. But the next day I went exploring around the island. I was boss of it; it all belonged to me, and I wanted to know all about it; but mainly I wanted to spend the time. I found plenty of strawberries and green summer grapes; and the green blackberries were just beginning to show. Well, I went fooling along in the deep woods till I judged I wasn't far from the foot of the island. I had my gun along, but I had shot nothing; it was for protection. About this time I almost stepped on a goodsized snake, and it moved quietly and smoothly through the grass and flowers, and I was after it, trying to get a shot at it. I clipped along, and all of a sudden I bounded right on to the ashes of a camp fire that was still smoking. My heart jumped up among my lungs. I never waited to look further, but unlocked my gun and went sneaking back on my tiptoes as fast as I could. Every now and then I stopped a second among the thick leaves and listened, but my breath came so hard that I couldn't hear anything else. I moved quietly along another piece further, then listened again; and so on. If I saw a stump , I took it for a man; if I stepped on a stick and broke it, it made me feel that a person had cut one of my breaths in two and I only got half, and the short half, too. \n Answer: To protect himself.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the boy always carry his gun with him wherever he went?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d5a3307082246deba36b2db75c48780",
            "input": "Article: The other day my aunt paid me a visit. She was overjoyed. \"I got the highest mark in the mid-term examination!\" She said. Don't be surprised! My aunt is indeed a student, exactly, a college student at the age of 45. \"Compared with the late 70s,\" she says, \"now college students have many doors.\" I was shocked when she first told me how she had had no choice in her major. Look at us today! So many doors are open to us! I believe there have never been such abundant opportunities for self-development as we have today. And my aunt told me that we should reach our goals by grasping all these opportunities. The first door is the opportunity to study different subjects that interest us. My aunt was happy to study management, but she could also attend lectures on ancient Chinese poetry and on Shakespearean drama. As for myself, I am an English major, but I may also go to lectures on history. The second door is the door to the outside world. Learning goes beyond classrooms and national boundaries. I have many fellow international classmates, and I am applying to an exchange program with a university abroad. As for my aunt, she is planning to get an MBA degree in the U.K. The third door is the door to life-long learning. Many of my aunt's contemporaries say she's amazingly up-to-date for a middle-aged woman. She simply responds, \"Age doesn't matter. What matters is your attitude. I don't think I'm too old to learn.\" Yes, she is right. Since the government removed the age limit for college admissions, there are already some untraditional students, sitting with us in the same classrooms. Like them, my aunt is old but young in spirit with incredible energy and determination. The doors open to us also pose challenges. For instance, we are faced with the challenge of a balanced learning, the challenge of preserving our fine tradition while learning from the West, and the challenge of learning continuously while carrying heavy responsibilities to our work and family. So, each door is a test of our courage, ability and judgment, but with the support of my teachers, parents, friends and my aunt, I believe I can meet the challenge head on. \n Answer: opportunity",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words can best replace the \"door\" in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4118a333281840df9c6d39c35fd0d443",
            "input": "Article: If you never read the classic F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby, now is your chance to catch up -- by watching the latest film adaptation. Because if there's one sentence to sum up the film, it would be, as Fox News says in its review, \"It's just like the book\" Director Baz Luhrmann's main challenge was \"either to find a visual equivalent  for Fitzgerald's elegant essay--the open secret of the book's staying power-- or to bend the material to his own exotic  strengths,a Time magazine review says. He tries it both ways, with varying degrees of success. Considered to be Fitzgerald's representative work, The Great Gatsby explores themes of idealism, resistance to change, social change, and excess, creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has been described as a cautionary tale regarding the American Dream. Nick, the narrator, moves to New York for the summer to visit his cousin Daisy. His next-door neighbor is Jay Gatsby (Leonardo DiCaprio), who rarely contacts with others and is rumored to be a hero of the Great War. Gatsby claims to have attended Oxford University, but the evidence is suspect. As Nick learns more about Gatsby, every detail about him seems questionable, except his love for the Daisy. Though Daisy is married, Gatsby still adores her as his --golden girl.They first met when she was a young lady from a wealthy family and he was a working-class military officer. Daisy promised to wait for his return from the war. However, she married Tom, a classmate of Nick's. Having obtained a great fortune, Gatsby sets out to win her back again. \"All of Fitzgerald's original creation finds its way into this film, even going as far to include quite a bit of the original dialogue,US film critic Justin Taroli writes in his review. \"The cast is beautiful as is the script, and the scenes are a visual feast.Taroli adds. DiCaprio does a good and professional job as the socialite by re-creating Fitzgerald's description of Gatsby's charm. \"He can look at someone for an instant and understand how, perfectly, he or she wants to be seen,David Denby, a film critic for The New Yorker, says in his review. The use of music is almost reason enough to see the film. \"Luhrmann is at his best mixing visual and musical styles together to create something wholly original, the Fox News review said. For example, in one of the most outstanding scenes in the film, the first party scene, Nick walks quickly from one party guest to another party guest trying to explain all the gossip about Gatsby until he is finally introduced to the man himself, while the most stirring version of Rhapsody in Blue (composed by American musician George Gershwin in 1924) is played in the background. \n Answer: He showed the elegance of the pictures in the film.",
            "output": [
                "What did Baz Luhrmann do to make the film a success?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e8422b48bafc4173ade1e8d767307233",
            "input": "Article: The end of the 2014 World Cup does not mean the end of the international competition in Brazil. A major football event which is known as RoboCup will be held in the coastal city Joao Pessoa. Teams of robots from around the world will take part in _ and play the game known as soccer in the United States. The robot teams are guided by teams of human beings. Watching robots play football is similar to watching children play the game. The kicks are not good, there are a lot of falls , and people are there to guide and support the robot players. Students of the University of Pennsylvania are trying for their fourth victory at the competition. The students have won the last three RoboCup competition in the Netherlands, Mexico and Turkey. Jian Qiaoli is one of the leaders of the University of Pennsylvania team. He says one goal he has set for his team is to make sure the robots can find the ball and know where they are on the playing field. And he wants the team to be able to better control the walking ability of the robots. They should pay more attention to the kicking ability, which is the key to winning the game. Qin He is another leader of the robot team. She says the abilities of the robots improve every year. The robots know the difference between the colors green and red, and they can decide where to go and where the ball is on the playing field. She says the robots are self-learning and don't need to be told what to do. If there are three robot players on the playing field at the same time, they will communicate with each other to decide different responsibility for each of them. They have very good team play right now. As long as the radar detection  works well, the robots will be very competitive. So RoboCup will be an exciting technology competition. Each team develops their own software. Actually, it's a competition of who has the best software. Some RoboCup participants hope to develop a team of robots that can play against human beings. \n Answer: They are against human beings.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the robot players?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-09c0f987de5e413cb913c8c69f61e83d",
            "input": "Article: Down on the beach of Dover,56-year-old Channel swimmer Jackie Cobell bravely set off for Calais.The time was 6:40 am.28 hours and 44 minutes later the exhausted,successful mother from Kent crawled   to the shore and walked proudly into the record books.After five years in training,Mrs.Cobell became the slowest person to cross the Channel under her own steam.The previous record for the slowest crossing,set by Henry Sullivan at 26 hours and 50 minutes,has stood for 87 years before Mrs.Cobell started at Dover Saturday morning. She had struggled through changing tides that swept her first one way,then the other.It turned the 21-mile crossing into a 65-mile one.She declared,\"Time and tide wait for no man--and they certainly didn't wait for me.I was fully expecting it to get dark before I got to Calais but I never imagined I'd also see the dawn again.But I wasn't going to give up.\" Her feat  raised more than $2,000 in charity sponsorship for research into Huntingdon's disease,a sum that was continuing to grow as news of her achievement spread.That was why she did it.\"I don't really know myself,\" she said.\"I just kept thinking of all the people I'd be letting down if I stopped.\" Mrs.Cobell took to the water so well at school.But after bringing up two daughters,she started to gain weight.Five years ago she took up swimming again and decided to prepare for the Channel challenge to lose weight.She became much fitter.Then came the big swim.\"I practiced on Windermere Lake,\" she said.\"it's about half the distance of the Channel so I just doubled it,added some extra time,and worked out I could probably get to Calais in about 16 hours.\" Her husband David,trainer,official observer and friend sailed alongside her on a boat.She said,\"I sang to keep myself going.When they told me I was a record breaker I thought they were just having a joke--until I realized it was the record for the slowest crossing.But maybe next time I might be a bit quicker.\" \n Answer: Mrs.Cobell crossed the Channel in a day.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is right according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-21fd180470ec4e7ba8b70675a7a949f4",
            "input": "Article: Nursing at prefix = st1 /BethIsraelHospitalproduces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example. At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his motional state. Then he writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary. The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping  track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to the doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague. Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized nursing administration; every floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.  Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She is also a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors. \n Answer: The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the character of the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2992b1628092456b9f2b0a81e82a61de",
            "input": "Article: New Year's Eve is a time to celebrate and enter the new year with a smile on your face. This year, there're plenty of local activities for all ages and interests, so the smiles will come easily. BLUE CONCERT Blues band the Coyotes is playing at the Dance Barn,at 8 Barn View in Sudden Valley, The show will start at 9 p. m. and benefit the charity Bikers Fighting Cancer. Tickets cost $10 in advance and $15 at the door. Call 224-2308 for more information. NEW YEAR'S LAUGHS Ring in the New Year and laugh out the old one at the Upfront Theatre Comic improvisers will hit on all the highlights of the year with The Last Laugh of 2008. The 9 p. m. show will cost $15 and is open to all ages. The 11 P. m. show is open to 21 and older and costs $18, which includes a champagne   toast. Call 733-8855 for more information. MAZE For a fun activity earlier in the evening,walk the labyrinth   at the Leopold Crystal Bellroom. Wander through the maze, based on the French Chartres Cathedral, for free from 4 to 9 p. m. Call 752-0048 for more information. COUNTRY DANCING At the Bellingham Eagles Hall, live local music will help get the dance started at 8 p. m. Tickets are $15 for adults, $10 for students and free for kids 12 and younger. For more information, call 676-1554. \n Answer: They're all held in the same day.",
            "output": [
                "In what way do these activities have in common?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e487e81133f4388bd39ece705edf0eb",
            "input": "Article: A man had two large pots. One of the pots had a crack  in it, so while the other pot always delivered   a full pot of water at the end of the long walk from the stream to his house, the cracked pot arrived only half full. This went on every day for years. One day a neighbor asked the man, \"One of your pots has been broken for years. It can only deliver half its load, so you don't get full value from your efforts. Why don't you buy a new one?\" The man smiled and said, \"Please follow me to my house, and you may see some beautiful flowers.\" On the way to the man's house, the neighbor took notice of the sun warming the beautiful wild flowers on the side of the path. The man said to the neighbor, \"Did you notice that there were flowers only on one side of the path, but not on the other side? That's because I have always known about the flaw   of my pot. I planted flower seeds on one side of the path. Every day when I walk back from the stream, the broken pot waters them. For years, I have been able to pick these beautiful flowers to decorate   my house. Without the broken pot, I would not have this beauty.\" \n Answer: One and a half pots.",
            "output": [
                "How much water did the man carry home every day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-502b564ae7e640c1b04ebae601bc6e52",
            "input": "Article: \"Tear' em apart!\" \"Kill the fool!\" \"Murder the referee  !\" These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let's not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations   may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term \"opponent\" as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms. The dictionary meaning of the term \"opponent\" is \"adversary\" \"enemy\"; \"one who opposes your interests.\" Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate one's intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player's request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. \"Are they wet enough now?\" In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent's international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior. Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated   the game to the level where it belongs there by setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term \"opponent\" with \"associate\" could be an ideal way to start. The dictionary meaning of the term \"associate\" is \"colleague\"; \"friend\"; \"companion.\" Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term \"associate\" rather than \"opponent.\" \n Answer: The words people use can influence their behavior.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements best expresses the author's view?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-986adeb8d3b14107a4baff1cd677f611",
            "input": "Article: BEIJING Nov. 28 (Xinhuanet) - Premier Wen Jiabao on Sunday pledged  central and local government funds to provide and improve school bus services in the wake of the traffic accident that killed 19 preschool children and sparked national outrage . He urged relevant departments of the State Council to \"rapidly\" formulate safety regulations for school coaches, and said China will accelerate the setting up of standards on design and production. Central and local governments will share the costs on providing more school buses that meet safety requirements, the premier said. However, Wen said a lot of local governments have failed to meet the rapidly increased demand for safe school buses or established sound management systems. Officials will face investigations into their responsibility if tragedies such as the one in Gansu occur again, he warned. Yuan Guilin, an education professor at Beijing Normal University who is known for his research into rural education, has proposed that all school buses should be equipped with black boxes, adding that it is achievable and affordable. The government should also improve the wages and benefits for drivers to prevent them from taking extra jobs and often driving while tired, he said. Given that some authorities complain that they are short of money, Yuan suggested they be allowed to sell advertising space on school buses. Gan Yuanchun, who participated in a campaign to promote school bus safety, said the central government should encourage the use of smaller school buses in rural areas, as roads in remote countryside areas are not as wide as in cities. Students' parents should also be able to get involved in deciding how school buses are managed, he added. In rural areas, especially in western parts, many children are struggling to receive quality preschool education because public kindergartens are scarce and most private ones often do not have qualified teachers or hardware. \n Answer: Premier Wen promised to guarantee school bus safety.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-568287740557408c88301b4da7c90331",
            "input": "Article: Have You Read Them? Time Time is a weekly news magazine founded by Briton Hadden and Henry R. Luce. Time's current circulation is about 4.3 million.Time summarizes the news concisely and completely, gives background, organizes and departmentalizes the news each week. It covers national and foreign affairs, books, art, music, education, religion, medicine, law, science, finance, sports, press and milestones. Women     Women is a popular illustrated weekly British magazine for women, containing fashion details, short stories and serial stories, often on romantic themes. It also has practical advice and hints for housewives and a variety of articles of general interest. It was first published in 1937, with a current circulation of around 1.5 million. China Daily China Daily is the first and only national English language newspaper in China, launched in Beijing on June 1, 1981. Distributed in more than 150 countries and regions, China Daily is one of China's major information sources for English language readers who want to learn about China's political, economic, cultural and social development. \n Answer: Both of them are weekly published.",
            "output": [
                "What do the first two magazines have in common according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4ae96c92127d433c94accdac25b64d9e",
            "input": "Article: People come in all shapes and sizes,colors and races  . Some speak differently while others act differently. My mother is in a wheelchair. I would like to say something about this special woman I call \"Mommy\". My mom does what a mom needs to do every day. She picks me up from school,drives me to meetings,cooks dinner,and helps me with my homework. This is just part of what makes her great,though. She is my best friend and can immediately notice when I am unhappy. She helps me solve problems that my friends do not understand. Mommy makes me laugh when times are tough. I look forward to coming home because I know there is someone there who cares about what I have done. Mommy has always tried to be like a \"normal\" mom. But I think my mother is a wonderful woman and she doesn't need to change. She teaches me life lessons that no teacher or friend can. She shows me how to accept everyone for what is inside,rather than what is on the outside. You may have realized that all the qualities   I admire have nothing to do with what she looks like. Everyone could be the way she is,but most are not. I want everyone to look beyond the surface and see what is inside others. You may fail to notice someone who is very special like my mom because you cannot accept their outside features. \n Answer: Wonderful.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words can best describe the writer's mother?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b57deb1667074b309e7db1b1d0cc8fa3",
            "input": "Article: Dear Mr. Barton, I am writing for the _   to inform you of our feelings about your act. We've really had enough of you. Although we have tried to speak to you politely on several occasions, you have always answered with a stream of verbal abuse . Ever since you moved in three months ago, you have shown very little consideration for the other residents of this building, though many residents expressed their unhappiness with you. For the past six weekends, you have held very noisy parties, which have not finished until early the next morning. As you know, most of the people here are elderly or have very young children, and the noise keeps them awake all night. You don't have to be so noisy, do you? Last weekend the situation _ when two of your friends fought with each other on the first floor. The fighting was so bad that the police had to be called. What's more, your friends left the stairs in a terrible state --- they even broke two windows on their way out! We feel that we can't bear this type of act. We strongly demand that you pay for this damage to the window soon. If you don't and you carry on being a nuisance . We will kick you out! Legal steps will be taken if necessary. Yours sincerely \n Answer: Happy",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer feel?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8129fe29549e44b1bcc9e1f261c08ef0",
            "input": "Article: Maybelle said she wouldn't be coming with me to the library. I asked why, and she said she could get all the short stories she wanted off the Internet. Saved walking all the way to the library, and putting up with my long chat on the way there, and on the way back. Maybelle is very direct like that, always has been. \"But, Maybelle, we've been walking to the library every' Monday for the last fifty years!\" She said,\" Why don't you get Internet'? We can send each other emails.\" So I had to get Internet. I called the local high school. They said they'd send me a good student to tell me all about computers and such. Evil thing, this Internet. Makes you lose old friends, forces you to learn new complex ideas, even if you're too old. But Maybelle said you have to be modern; otherwise, you're dead. The kid came the next day. Tall skinny black kid, by tile name of Arsenius, said his work would cost me. I said, \"All right. As long as I get Internet.\" \"You need a computer, then you need to get hooked up,\" he said. \"Let's buy a computer and get hooked up, then.\" \"How much you want to spend?\" \"Whatever it takes.\" \"How many rams you want?\" I wasn't going to show him my ignorance, so I said, \"Whatever it takes.\" \"Let's go to the mall. You got a car?\" \"In the garage.\" When I opened the garage door, he gasped. Daddy's car is still there, a'57 Chevy. I never drive it. Walk everywhere. I said,\" Let's walk. It's only a mile or so.\" He said,\" Let's drive, or you will faint on me in this heat.\" \"Young man, I don't faint, never have. We're walking.\" \"I get paid by the hour,\" he said. \"Walking will cost you a lot more. Also, you feel like carrying a computer a mile or so?\" \n Answer: She always says what she means in an honest way.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of person is Maybelle?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5a35597062fa465faf7a5a39b52c061b",
            "input": "Article: By taking a few simple techniques, parents who read to their children can greatly develop their children's language skills.It is surprising but true.How parents talk to their children makes a big difference in the children''s language development.If a parent encourages the child to actively respond to what the parent is reading.the child's language skills increase.     A study was done with 30 three-year-old children and their parents.Half of the children took part in the experimental study;the other half acted as the control group.In the experimental group,the parents were given a two-hour training and they were taught to ask open-ended questions rather than yes-or-no questions.For example,the parent should ask,\"What is the doggie doing?\" rather than \"Is the doggie running away?\" The patents in the experimental group were also instructed in how to help children find answers,how to suggest different possibilities and how to praise correct answers.     At the beginning of the study,the children did not differ in measures of language development,but at the end of one month,the children in the experimental group showed 5.5 months ahead of the control group on a test of expression and vocabulary.Nine months later,the children in the experimental group still showed an advance of 6 months over the children in the control group. \n Answer: The power of speech can easily he developed using proper methods",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f1cd0337166c44de8c89ca1b5934f6f1",
            "input": "Article: Some snakes eat other snakes, even poisonous ones. The poison does not do them any harm . Snakes can swallow  things that are bigger around than they themselves are. This is possible because the jawbones  are loosely joined, and the mouth can stretch to make room for a fat animal. The snake's slim body stretches to make space for the animal when it is inside. Many snakes eat birds' eggs or frogs . Others eat pests , mice and other animals that harm crops on farms. Because snakes do this valuable work, you should never kill one. It is too dangerous for you to kill a poisonous one. Leave that job to experts. \n Answer: Mice, frogs, pests, some animals, other snakes.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following groups of food is usually had by a snake?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d4556a92820247ba8dcf3f3efe5f4d10",
            "input": "Article: Until the twentieth century cigarettes were not an important threat to public health. Men used tobacco mainly in the form of cigars. They chewed tobacco, piped tobacco, and snuffed. Most women did not use tobacco at all. The cigarette industry began in 1870s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machine. This made it possible to produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly, and it reduced the price. Today cigarette smoking is a widespread habit. About forty-three percent of the adult men and thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have quit smoking. Seventy-five percent of the male population and forty-six percent of the female population have smoked cigarettes for some time during their lives, but twenty-six percent of these men and eleven percent of the women have stopped smoking. The number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing. Men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is the age group 24--44. Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person's smoking habit. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if a well-educated man with a higher income smokes, he's likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day. The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily. Among teenagers the _ is similar. There are fewer teenager smokers from upper-income, well-educated families, and also fewer from families living in farm areas. High school students who are preparing for college are less likely to smoke than those who don't plan to continue their education after high school. Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of their parents smoke. \n Answer: The group of old people.",
            "output": [
                "Which group of people smoked more according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e2425eaf46f493a94bbf0d5029fd674",
            "input": "Article: \"A photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically with a smart phone or webcam and uploaded to a social media website\" is the definition of \"selfie\" in the Oxford English Dictionary. In fact, it wasn't even in the dictionary until August of last year. It earned its place there because people are now so obsessed with (......) selfies - we take them when we try on a new hat, play with our pets or when we meet a friend whom we haven't seen in a while. But is there any scientific explanation for this obsession? Well, you should probably ask James Kilner, a neuroscientist  at University College London. Through our lifetime we become experts at recognizing and interpreting other people's faces and facial expressions. In contrast, according to Kilner, we have a very poor understanding of our own faces since we have little experience of looking at them - we just feel them most of the time. This has been proved in previous studies, according to the BBC. Kilner found that most people chose the more attractive picture. This suggests that we tend to think of ourselves as better-looking than we actually are. To further test how we actually _ our own faces, Kilner carried out another study. He showed people different versions of their own portrait - the original, one that had been edited to look less attractive and one that was made more attractive - and asked them to pick the version which they thought looked most like them. They chose the more attractive version. But what does it say about selfies? Well, isn't that obvious? Selfies give us the power to create a photograph - by taking it from various angles, with different poses, using filters   and so on - that better matches our expectations with our actual faces. \"You suddenly have control in a way that you don't have in non-virtual  interactions,\" Kilner told the Canada-based CTV News. Selfies allow you \"to keep taking pictures until you manage to take one you're happy with\", he explained. \n Answer: How to interpret people's facial expressions in their selfies.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-04ff4133035146f3a1973f387f53972d",
            "input": "Article: There was once a blind man, who did a lot of traveling alone. He was making his first trip to Texas and happened to be seated next to a Texan on the flight. The Texan spent a lot of time telling him how everything was bigger and better in Texas. After the blind man reached his destination, a large resort   hotel, he was very excited about being in Texas. The long trip had worn him out a little so he decided to stop at the bar for a small soda and a light snack before going up to his room to sleep. When the waitress set down his drink, it was in a huge cup. \"Wow, I had heard everything in Texas is bigger,\" he told her. \"That's right,\" she replied. The blind man ate his snack and finished his drink. After drinking such a large amount, it was natural that his next stop was to be the restroom. He asked the waitress for directions. She told him to turn left at the corner, and then take the second door on the right. He reached the first door and continued. A few steps later he stumbled   slightly and missed the second door and ended up going through the third door instead. Not realizing he had entered the swimming area he walked forward and immediately fell into the swimming pool. Remembering that everything was bigger in Texas, he had his head above water and started shouting \"Don't flush ! Don't flush!\" \n Answer: The service staff in the large resort hotel was very humorous.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the blind man excited about being in Texas?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7caa0cdfe97c4f0da06584332b81fef0",
            "input": "Article: Does technology pose a threat to the purity of Chinese language? Many Chinese use instant messenger tools such as MSN or QQ, listen to music on MP3 players and log on the Internet using ADSL--most without knowing the literal Chinese translation of the abbreviations . But they don't have to, as many English letters have become part of the local vocabulary. A dozen abbreviations including GDP, NBA, IT, MP3, QQ, DVD and CEO are among the 5,000 most-frequently used words in the Chinese media last year, according to a report on the 2006 Language Situation in China. The report said some parents are so keen on English letters that a couple tried to name their baby \"@\", claiming the character used in email addresses reflects their love for the child. While the \"@\"is obviously familiar to Chinese e-mail users, they often use the English word \"at\" to pronounce it \"ai ta\",or \"love him\". The study collected more than 1 billion language samples from newspapers, magazines, TV, radio and websites. The annual report is jointly compiled by the Ministry of Education and the State Language Commission. \"Nowadays, more and more English abbreviations are being used in Chinese, making them an important part of modern language,\" said Hou Min, a professor at Communication University of China. \"The abbreviations have gained popularity because of the ease of usage,\" Hou said. For example, DNA is much simpler to use than its Chinese version. \"As more Chinese people learn foreign languages, especially English, in recent years, using abbreviations has become a trend among educated people,\" she added. Some language scholars fear such usage will contaminate the purity of Chinese and cause confusion in communication. \n Answer: The report is compiled every year.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about the report on the 2006 Language Situation in China?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b6572fc567c3494791b0472cd1365ac5",
            "input": "Article: I saw a friend one day that I hadn't seen for quite a while. I greeted him with a hug and a big smile. He kissed me on the cheek in a very gentle way. Somehow this friendly kiss really made my day . I thought about his gentle kiss and appreciated the love. It's just a nice gift. Yesterday, I was on the telephone with my brother, and we spoke about our dad. He told me that one day, my dad was real sad. My brother had kissed his small child in front of my dad. Then with a tear in his eye, my daddy said to him, \"I wished I had more often kissed you all.\" My brother told him that it wasn't too late, and that he could start that day. Now my dad greets each of us with a kiss and we know what he's trying to say.  One day, sitting with my 82-year-old dad, I noticed that he seemed to be a little bit in upset. The words he shared with me indicated that he was in a spiritual trouble, so I got up, kissed him on the cheek and hugged him from behind. I said Dad, 'you are good.' And he agreed that he was blessed (  ). He has a wonderful family given by God. As I looked into his eyes, I noticed that they began to be filled with tears of love and joy. That evening I grabbed my mom one day when my mom was busy in her usual way, I stopped her for a while, kissed her on the cheek and said \"Mom thank you for everything, \" and she said \"Oh, it's okay\". She seemed to pull me back towards her as I pulled away. Thank you for that show of love is what she seemed to say.  They are some people that I wish I would have kissed more, like my grandma in heaven that I can not hug anymore. So show your love, for gentle moments won't come once they have gone \n Answer: Happy",
            "output": [
                "When a friend kissed the writer that day , how did the writer feel?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-140b6dc1358b4a20a7a8783627618b0b",
            "input": "Article: Speaking two languages can actually help offset  some effects of aging on the brain, a new study has found. Researchers tested how long it took participants to switch from one cognitive  task to another, something that's known to take longer for older adults, said lead researcher, Brian Gold, a neuroscientist at the University of Kentucky. Gold's team compared task-switching speeds for younger and older adults, knowing they would find slower speeds in the older population because of previous studies. However, they found that older adults who spoke two languages were able to switch mental activities faster than those didn't . The study only looked at life-long bilinguals, defined in study as people who had spoken a second language daily since they were at least 10 years old. Gold and his team asked 30 people, either bilingual or monolingual  , to have a series of tests. They found that bilingual people were not only able to switch tasks faster, they had different brain activity than their monolingual peers. Kristina called bilingualism \"a beautiful natural experiment\", because people grow up speaking two languages,and studies have shown that they get certain cognitive benefits from switching between languages and determining which to respond with based on what's going on around them. Gold said he grew up in Montreal, where he spoke French at school and English at home, prompting relatives to question whether his French language immersion would somehow hinder his ability to learn English. \"Until very recently, learning a second language in childhood was thought of as dangerous,\" he said. \"Actually, it's beneficial. \" \n Answer: Researchers found that bilingual people are great.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e8a3e14d5c541c4b5d1beab01a5c9ef",
            "input": "Article: One baby born with a defective windpipe   now has hope of breathing normally thanks to 3-D printing technology, NPR reported. Garrett Peterson, now 18 months old, was born with tracheomalacia  , leaving him unable to breathe. The condition terrified his parents, who turned to specialist Dr. Glenn Green at the University of Michigan for a possible treatment. Along with Scott Hollister, a biomedical engineer who runs the university's 3-D printing lab, Green designed a device that can hold open Garrett's windpipe until it's strong enough to function independently. After taking a CT scan of Garrett's windpipe to make a replica of it, they made the \"splint\" with a 3-D printer. \"It's like a protective shell that goes on the outside of the windpipe, and it allows the windpipe to be tacked to the inside of that shell to open it up directly,\" Green told NPR. On January 31, Garrett had his surgery. Surgeon Dr. Richard Ohye opened up Garrett's chest and saw that his windpipe had completely collapsed and one of his lungs was completely white -- a condition Ohye had only seen in dead bodies. After eight hours of surgery and careful placement of a splint on either side of Garrett's windpipe, it was time for the big test: What would happen when they let air flow through the windpipe into Garrett's lungs? Though he still remains in the hospital, Garrett has gotten stronger and needs less assistance breathing in the weeks since his surgery.  His parents are overjoyed, saying he's starting to act more interactive and alert. As Garrett grows, the splint will expand and eventually dissolve in his body as his own windpipe strengthens enough to work independently. 3-D printing technology has allowed doctors to help patients in ways that they hope will continue to grow. \"We're talking about taking something like dust and converting it into body parts,\" Green said. \"And we're able to do things that were never possible before.\" \n Answer: The Potential of 3-D printing technology in surgery.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mainly talk about in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2cd2df53825e4c78b17dbf260840caba",
            "input": "Article: \"ONE in every 50 Shanghai women has cancer, a total of more than 140,000 women currently living in the city, and cancer statistics are based on citizens with permanent residency ,\" officials from the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention said ahead of International Women's Day on Friday. However, they said the city's rate of cancer in women was rising slowly along with its rising number of elderly people. Early screening for breast, colorectal and cervical cancers can help prevent 30 percent of cancer cases. Breast, colorectal, lung, gastric and thyroid cancers are the five most common cancer forms among women, with breast cancer accounting for 16 percent of Shanghai's new cases each year and colorectal cancer 13 percent. Cervical cancer, although only the 12th leading cancer in women in Shanghai, is particularly common among women between 25 and 54 years old. Dr Zheng Ying, director of the center's tumor prevention and control department, said , \"breast, colorectal and cervical cancers accounted for 32 percent of female cancers\". He added, \" However, the three types of cancer can be detected and treated properly through early and regular screening. Our main target of women's cancer prevention education this year is breast cancer, cervical cancer and colorectal cancer.\"The prevention and control of colorectal cancer will be a new public health project this year with the city government promoting a community-based screening program. Experts say women over 20 should examine their breasts every month and have annual clinical checks after the age of 35. Women over 50 should have mammograms(X) every two years. For cervical cancer, women over 20 should be checked every three years. Women over 50 years old should have annual medical checks. Zheng said anyone with a family history of the three types of cancer should be aware of the need for more frequent examinations and early screening. \n Answer: lots of women in Shanghai have cancer",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bfdb0bffc32441af94985430a4eb704f",
            "input": "Article: It was a painful 100 hours from the moment the earthquake struck until rescuers pulled Liu Deyun from the ruins of a factory yesterday. When he went to work on Monday morning, he had never thought that he would spend the next week in the ruins of his workplace. \"It was a miracle , but that happened through our hard work,\" said Zhao Hongxing, an army doctor who joined in rescue. \"His first words were 'The army is great. '\" Chinese troops may have been the ones to physically free Mr Liu, 50, but it was his daughter who didn't give up looking for her father that saved his life at last. On Thursday night, running around the fallen factory, the family search party headed by his daughter, heard a low cry. \"Father! Father!\" Mr Liu answered in a low voice \"Yes\". Then, after more than three days buried under the fallen building, came two simple words: \"I'm thirsty\". The reply was probably not what he was wanting: \"Father don't talk! You need your air! I will go and find somebody to rescue you!\" The entire first floor of the building fell down, with the second floor completely damaged and pushing the building to one side. The 12-hour rescue operation to save Mr Liu was filled with danger. Mr Liu was freed yesterday at 6:28 p. m. His family had agreed to cut off one of his feet so that he could be pulled out. \"I just want him to live,\" his daughter Yuan, 23, said in tears.  Mr Liu, wrapped in a blanket, was welcomed by a large number of people who was concerned about him. And with the latest survivor taken to a waiting ambulance , the rescue workers went back to the ruins where two more factory workers were waiting for their turn to be dug out. \n Answer: Friday.",
            "output": [
                "What day was Mr Liu was saved from the ruins?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-623c7cc9f42e4e1297989b81eed75d33",
            "input": "Article: Tui Na and Your Emotional Health In Traditional Chinese Medicine the body, mind and spirit cannot be divided and so the unique whole-body treatment in Tui Na can also be a useful treatment correcting any imbalances in the body's energy before symptoms and disease can develop. It also works to restore emotional harmony as well as physical health. This is why after a Tui Na treatment many people \"feel good\". Many people in China use Tui Na regularly to keep healthy and to deal with some specific illnesses. Tui Na is performed on the clothed body and the patient is either lying on a couch or sitting on a chair. Therapists using a variety of strokes or movements will control the intensity and direction of pressure in an exact way. The unique rolling movement in Tui Na is one of the most difficult strokes to learn and students have to practice sometimes for many months on a rice bag before they are allowed to practice on the human body. Stress Tui Na is of course very useful for treating stress. It distributes the energy around the whole body. It is believed that Tui Na moves the strong energy in the tense muscles to the weaker areas, thus making a more balanced body. When your Qi (energy in the body) flow is balanced you feel relaxed and comfortable.  Tui Na is especially useful for stiff shoulders and tense neck muscles. Emotions In Traditional Chinese Medicine each major organ is linked to an emotion. By balancing the energy in the organ, the relevant emotion will be calmed. When your emotions are out of control, you would usually turn to your doctor or perhaps a psychotherapist. But perhaps some people would not like to be seeing a psychotherapist or feel nervous about discussing their problems with others. With Tui Na one does not need to tell the therapist anything one does not want to. The treatment of Tui Na can deal with the problem itself -- although if one does need to talk, then the safe space is there to do so. An active dialogue between the therapist and the patient will help to get a better effect. How the major organs rule your emotions Each major organ -- the heart, the stomach, the spleen, the liver, the bladder, the kidneys, the lungs, etc. -- is linked to a relevant emotion. The heart is linked to joy, excitement and sadness. If the heart is out of balance, the patient may dream a lot at night and often forget something important in the day. The stomach and spleen are connected with too much thinking or worrying -- over anxiety. When the stomach is out of balance there is often a lack of energy. The patient often feels very tired and has no interest in doing anything at all. The liver and gall bladder are linked to anger. In Chinese Medicine the eyes are connected with the liver, and many people who suffer from anger often suffer from eye problems. The gall bladder rules decision-making and too much energy here can lead to rashness, while if there is too little it can bring about indecision. Where there is a history of depression, the therapist would look to the liver. The bladder and kidneys are linked to fear of all kinds, from simple anxieties and phobias to vague fears and worries. The lungs are connected with feelings of grief and sadness. When there is a history of grief, the therapist would look to the lungs. Tui Na is used in almost all the hospitals in China and very popular among Chinese people. It is a useful and valuable method of restoring Qi balance, when emotional and physical health is out of balance. Tui Na is one of the remaining secrets of Chinese Medicine. \n Answer: Tui Na only makes people \"feel good\" but do not actually cure disease.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which statement is TRUE about Tui Na?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9c653723d980449e9eddcd5215755a41",
            "input": "Article: Long ago in a small town, there was a place known as the House of 1,000 Mirrors. A small, happy little dog learned of this place and decided to visit. When he arrived, he bounced  happily up the stairs to the doorway of the house. He looked through the doorway with his ears lifted high and his tail wagging as fast as it could. To his great surprise, he found himself staring at 1,000 other happy little dogs with their tails wagging just as his. He smiled a great smile, and was answered with 1,000 great smiles just as warm and friendly. As he left the house, he thought to himself, \" This is a wonderful place. I will come back and visit often.\"     In this same village, another little dog, who was not quite as happy as the first one, decided to visit the house. He slowly climbed the stairs and hung his head low as he looked into the door. When he saw the 1,000 unfriendly looking dogs staring back at him, he growled at them and was horrified to see 1,000 little dogs growling back at him. As he left, he thought to himself, \"This is a horrible place, and I will never go back there again.\" All the faces in the world are mirrors. What kind of reflections do you see on the faces of the people you meet? \n Answer: Because he didn't expect to see so many happy dogs.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the first dog surprised when he entered the house?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b0eebee290054b589b89657c31a548f1",
            "input": "Article: Pocket Tape-Recorders \"Family and Home Magazine\" test what's on the market now.    Pearl corder S702 $64    This simple model at the bottom of the Olympus range scored the most points for its excellent quality of recording. Background noise hardly affects the sound and recording from a pocket is perfectly possible, but it doesn't turn off automatically.    Tape length: 30 minutes per side. Weight : 240 g    Sony M9 $49.95    Small and very good looking, Sony's latest offering scored most for appearance.    Sounds clear, but there is slight machine noise. The big control buttons are a great improvement on some of the complicated little controls on other tape-recorders.    Doesn't switch off automatically but a red light shows if the machine is still running.    Tape length : 60 minutes per side. Weight : 195g.    Sony M400 $115    Lots of little control buttons that make a noise and are difficult to use. Rcording is good but machine noise loses points. Tape counter and automatic switch-off when tape has finished recording or rewinding are useful.    Tape length : 60 minutes per side. Weight : 230g    Imperial OEM MC7 $29.95    Cheap and simple compared with the rest, but recording is good as long as there is no background noise. Use only its own make of cassette. No light to show it is on; no fast forward button and the record button makes a loud noise.    Tape length: 30 minutes per side. Weight: 285g.    Philips 585$ 80    Handsome and simple to use, but recording is very poor at more than the recommended distance of 5 cm designed for dictation. No recording light.    Tape length : 15 minutes per side. Weight : 220g. \n Answer: Philips 585",
            "output": [
                "Which machine is unsuitable for general use?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-42cdde575b214be88facfb04f0b4c8b0",
            "input": "Article: It was Mother's Day morning last year and I was doing my shopping at our local supermarket with my five-year-old son, Tenyson. As we were leaving, we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete. Her husband was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock. Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple. He said to me, \"Mum, it's not much fun falling over in front of everyone.\" At the front of the supermarket a charity  group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds. Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower. \"It will make her feel better,\" he said. I was amazed that he'd come up with such a sweet idea. So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up. \"Just take it,\" she replied. \"I can't take your money for such a wonderful gesture.\" By now paramedics had arrived, and were attending the injured woman. As we walked up to her, my son became _ by all the blood and medical equipment. He said he was just too scared to go up to her. ZXXK Instead I gave the flower to the woman's husband and told him, \" My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.\" At that, the old man started crying and said, \"Thank you so much, you have a wonderful son. Happy Mother's Day to you.\" The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower, telling her who it was from. Though badly hurt and shaken, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile. \n Answer: A small act of kindness brings a great joy.",
            "output": [
                "What dose the author intend to tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c0710e4b8e8a4baba8a0319372eecb72",
            "input": "Article: Trees should only be pruned   when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , he number of such reasons is small . Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches , and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way . First , pruning may be done to make sure that trees have  desired shape or size . The object may be to get a tree of the right height , and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches , which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape . Secondly , pruning may be done to make the tree healthier . You may cut out diseased or dead wood , or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds . The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air . One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease , but it is a wound that will heal   . Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die , so that there is a period when the tree is at risk . It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible . It is important to make the area , which has been pruned , smooth and clean , for healing will be slowed down by roughness . You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the materials available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose . Pruning is usually done in winter , for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference   from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed . If this does happen , it is , of course , impossible to paint them properly . \n Answer: To improve the shape of the tree .",
            "output": [
                "Why should running be done ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0a70c68bfbb84d379b494fd4ccb6cfbc",
            "input": "Article: Christmas, Easter and birthday parties can be difficult times for grandmothers and parents as they rush around trying to arrange the perfect celebration or making everyone as happy as possible! What's better than a birthday party that makes your grandchild smile throughout or a celebration that impresses relatives and close friends? That is why Granny Look has supplied in this section, one of the most comprehensive guides to making these special occasions that happen perhaps once a year a real success. From a selection of Advent calendars to party planning or Christmas-stocking fillers we have all the possibilities covered so that your children and grandchildren will really have a memorable time with attractive gifts and original ideas. Bring that festive spirit to all those traditional days, and ensure you are always ready for any possibility. Granny Look's extensive links are bound to make every special occasion an entirely different experience from the year before and allow everyone to feel entertained and content. CHRISTMAS-STOCKING FILLERS Look no further! Granny Look helps the family to prepare in time for FATHER CHRISTMAS. Give SANTACLAUS some ideas. He can fill all the children's Christmas-stockings with goodies! Unique Christmas gifts for children -- stocking fillers. A Granny Look favorite! ADVENT CALENDARS All children love the build-up to CHRISTMAS! What is better than choosing one of Granny Look's selection of Advent Calendars! Here you will find a list of websites to buy traditional or fun Advent calendars for children at Christmas time. A Granny Look favorite! BIRTHDAYS LOOKING for a SPECIAL BIRTHDAY GIFT? Explore Granny Look's selection of PRESENTS, PARTYPLANNING, PARTY TOYS and PARTY GAMES for your Children and Grandchildren's BIRTHDAYS. Plan and organize the KIDDIE'S PARTIES ahead of time!! Don't forget the PERSONALISED INVITATIONS! CHRISTMAS LOOK and BOOK now!! Granny Look's selection of CHRISTMAS GIFTS for children. Some guides to \"What's on in your area\"... for the kids, PANTOS, SHOWS, THEATRES... at Christmas time! UNIQUE Christmas gifts for Children. Spend QUALITY TIME with your Children's Children this FESTIVE SEASON  ! \n Answer: At Birthdays.",
            "output": [
                "If you want to send some invitations to your daughter's classmates, where will you search for the information?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1889ea3be64d4171abaf3ffd9e8bc820",
            "input": "Article: Jerry was a manager in a restaurant.He was always in a good mood and always had something positive to say.This really made me _ so one day I asked him,\"It's hard to be a positive person all of the time.How do you do it?'' Jerry replied ,\"Each morning I wake up and sayto myself,\"Jerry, you can choose to be in a good mood or a bad mood,\" and I choose to be in a good mood. Life is all about what you choose.And what you choose leads your life.\"Several years later,I heard that Jerry left the back door open one morning and was robbed .While trying to stop the thief ,he was shot. I went to see him in the hospital.When I asked him how he was,he replied,\"If I were any better,I'd be twins.\" \"Weren't you scared when you were in danger?\"I asked.\"Yes. The doctors kept telling me that I was going to be fine, but in their eyes,I read.\"He's dead.\"I knew I needed to take action.\" \"What did you do?\" \"Well.there was a big nurse asking me if I was allergic to anything.\"Yes,'I replied .\"Bullets !Everyone laughed and I told them: I am choosing to live. Operate on me as if I am alive.\" Jerry lived thanks to the great doctors ,and also because of his amazing attitude .Attitude ,after all ,is everything. \n Answer: He was happy and smart.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of person was Jerry?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-775c076a0ffc4246a07a96ceb34a60b6",
            "input": "Article: Health experts have long worried about the increasing rate of obesity in kids. It's an important concern: Being weight or obese during childhood can lead to serious problems normally seen in adults, such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Poor diets and a lack of exercise are usually the causes. But would you ever have imagined there might be a connection between the bacteria that lived in your guts  when you were a baby and the chance that you would become overweight? Scientists in Finland recently found just such a link. In a recent study, they showed that overweight kids had different species of bacteria living in their guts. You probably think of bacteria only as germs that can make you sick. While it's true that some bacteria can make people ill, your body actually depends on some types of bacteria to help you digest food and extract nutrients from it. These \"good\" bacteria live in your guts, where they process the food you eat. Human babies get these bacterial helpers from their moms. When a baby is born, some of the bacteria in the mother move into the baby's body. Growing babies get additional \"good\" bacteria from the milk their mothers produce. And it turns out the bacteria might play an important role in regulating weight just six years later. So how could these bacteria affect weight? The researchers still haven't tested that question, but future tests might lead to an answer. \n Answer: Making a person ill.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the function of \"good\" bacteria?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8ea8f916f2c54f898d0396409ceea930",
            "input": "Article: The day after Thanksgiving is considered the first day of the holiday shopping season in the prefix = st1 /United States. It even has a name -- \"Black Friday.\" The name comes from the idea that this is the day when store owners begin to show a profit for the year. In the past, before calculators and computers, workers recorded the profits and losses of American businesses in special books. They used red ink to record losses. They used black ink to record profits. They used the term \"in the red\" to mean losing money. \"In the black\" meant making a profit. So \"Black Friday\" was the day when the store owners moved from being \"in the red\" to \"in the black.\" Many people consider \"Black Friday\" to be the busiest shopping day of the year. But that is probably false. Researchers say it may be the day when the largest number of people go to stores. But it is not necessarily the day when shoppers spend the largest amount of money. Some experts say Americans just want to get out of the house the day after Thanksgiving. And many stores reduce some of their prices on \"Black Friday.\"  However, experts say that many people wait until much closer to Christmas, December 25, hoping to find even lower prices. They say the busiest day of the year in terms of the amount of shoppers and sales is usually the Saturday before Christmas. A marketing services company carried out a public opinion study about shopping last month. It asked almost one thousand Americans about their gift buying plans. One-third said they plan to go to stores to shop on the day after Thanksgiving. The study found that these shoppers are mainly young people, probably because older people do not want to deal with huge crowds. In fact, business leaders say many older Americans are doing their shopping at home -- on the computer. They say the day most people shop online is the Monday after \"Black Friday.\" They even have a name for it -- \"Cyber Monday.\" \n Answer: Cyber Monday",
            "output": [
                "Which is the busiest shopping day of the year according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b33040a91a26428c96b9e8a14bd9cc1b",
            "input": "Article: Oxford's Department for Continuing Education runs over 1000 courses per year, offered on a part-time basis. Programmes include Oxford awards and degrees at undergraduate and postgraduate level, online short courses, weekly classes, day and weekend events, continuing professional development and summer schools. Oxford awards & degrees Over 50 undergraduate and postgraduate Oxford qualifications: certificates, diplomas, advanced diplomas, Master's and Doctoral degrees, offered part-time, in the arts, social sciences, diplomatic studies, human rights law, health care and biomedical sciences, which involve overseas students. Course duration ranges from one year to several years part-time. The Department also runs a Graduate School to provide the support and guidance needed by those following part-time graduate programmes. www.conted.ox.ac.uk/qualifications Online & distance learning Choose from over 90 courses across a range of disciplines. Most are short courses of 5-10 weeks, accredited (officially approved). A few longer courses result in Oxford qualifications. www.conted.ox.ac.uk/online Weekly classes Approximately 500 part-time accredited classes, open to all, and held in Oxford, Reading and other locations. Topics are studied in depth over a period of 10 or 20 weeks. www.conted.ox.ac.uk/weekly Day & weekend events Courses of 1 or 2 days, usually held at weekends and taught by lecturers and speakers who are noted authorities in their field of research. Many courses are offered in combination with national organizations. Over 150 offered per year. www.conted.ox.ac.uk/dayweekend Professional development courses 200 courses per year, ranging from day schools to short refresher courses to full degree programmes. Subjects include health sciences, public policy, diplomatic studies, nanotechnology, electronics, historic conservation, environmental sciences, public administration, higher education leadership and more. www.conted.ox.ac.uk/cpd Summer schools Accredited and non-accredited courses of between one and three weeks, with over 120 to choose from. Most are designed for the general public; others are designed to allow professionals to update skills. www.conted.ox.ac.uk/summerschools \n Answer: A course guide.",
            "output": [
                "What type of writing is this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-674fffa7bbbe4d02afedaf5d42a34e0b",
            "input": "Article: Sharks are among the oldest animals on Earth. There are hundreds of kinds of sharks. Most are about two meters long. The dogfish shark, however, is less than twenty centimeters in length. A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of matters in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish, other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean. Sharks grow slowly. About forty percent of all sharks lay eggs. The others give birth to live young. Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies as humans do. Some sharks are not able to reproduce until they are twenty years old. Most reproduce only every two years. And they give birth to fewer than ten young sharks. For this reason, over-fishing of sharks is of special danger to the future of the animal. Sharks are important for the world's oceans. They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too large. This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans. People hunt sharks for sport, food, medicine and their skin. Experts say the international market for some kinds of sharks has increased because many parts of a shark are valuable.Collectors pay thousands of dollars for the jaws of a shark. Shark liver oil is a popular source of Vitamin A. The skin of a shark can be used like leather. In Asia, people enjoy a kind of soup made from shark fins. Experts say a fisherman can earn a lot of money for even one kilogram of shark fins. Sharks are among the oldest animals on Earth, but some sharks are in danger of disappearing from Earth. If too many sharks in one area are killed, that group of sharks may never return to normal population levels. \n Answer: Endangered.",
            "output": [
                ". Which of the following words best describes the situation sharks are in?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-10c4c4dd57f44e1fb67b268f7898e45c",
            "input": "Article: The oldest and most common source of renewable energy known to man, biomass  is one of the most important forms energy production in the United States and elsewhere. Since such a wide variety of biomass materials is everywhere --- from trees and grasses to agricultural and city --- life wastes ---biomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power and heat for millions of people around the world. According to the Union of Concerned Scientists(UCS), biomass is a kind of renewable energy source that produces no carbon dioxide , because the energy it contains comes from the sun. When plant matter is burned, it gives off the sun's energy. In this way, biomass serves as a sort of natural battery  for storing the sun's energy. As long as biomass is produced continuously ---with only as much grown as is used-- the \"battery\" lasts forever. According to the Energy Information Administration, biomass has been one of the leading renewable energy sources in the United States for several years running through 2007, making up between 0.5 and 0.9 percent of the nation's total electricity supply. In 2008---although the numbers aren't all in yet---wind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country. Producing power from biomass helps reduce some 11 million tons of carbon dioxide each year. Some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials. Such practice may save homeowner's money, but it also produces a lot of pollution. So, the best way is to encourage power plants to use it. \n Answer: It produces zero carbon dioxide",
            "output": [
                "Why is biomass considered as \" a sort of natural battery\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-193e352c085d4c4cadade8df01978bba",
            "input": "Article: It's been just over a year since 9-year-old Zion Harvey received a double-hand transplant  , and now, what he really wants to do is play football. \"I feel happy about my new hands, and I don't feel different. I like that now I can throw a football further than when I didn't have hands,\" he said. The nation's youngest hand-transplant patient has been working hard to learn how to use his new hands. He lost his hands and his feet 7 years ago after suffering a serious infection. In August, the boy showed off his new abilities by throwing out the first ball at a baseball game. Dr. Scott Levin, team leader of Zion's operation, said Zion coped with the operation better than many adults. \"I've never seen Zion cry,\" Levin said. \"He's just an amazing boy. He has such courage and determination and gives us all inspiration.\" Zion said his courage came from the two most amazing people: his mom and his grandma. His mother, Pattie Ray, said, \"It's been a long journey but now I feel I am living in my dream. It's his dream, and it's mine, too. I' m just living through him, and I'm just here to support him in any way and help him do whatever he wants to do.\" However, Zion told reporters his mom wouldn't let him try out for football. His mom said it's too dangerous. She also pointed out that he might be playing against little kids, not professionals, and she told him they would discuss it later. Zion tried to counter her argument. \"My next goal: convince Mom to let me play football,\" he said. \n Answer: He was well worth praising.",
            "output": [
                "What did Dr. Scott Levin think of Zion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6091930401d843c1bc2530e53230c92d",
            "input": "Article: (CNN)-China will sometimes say \"no\" and the world should get used to it. That message came through when China joined Russia in blocking action on Syria. \"Do not mistakenly think that because China takes a careful and responsible position on the Syria issue, China will not use its veto power   or will always abstain ,\" said Cui Tiankai, China's vice foreign minister, \"When China must use its veto power to say no, it will surely use it.\" On Saturday, Susan Rice, the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, called the vetoes \"disgusting and shameful.\" He Wenping, director of African Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said the veto shows China's confidence in foreign affairs. \"A country expressing its true opinion - that's progress. China opposes the use of threat or force to achieve regime change in other countries. This agrees with China's long-standing diplomacy principle. It is also not acceptable for China to rush a U.N. vote without sufficient discussion.\" So why did China use its veto this time? China's critics say China's veto of the U.N. draft proposal  was in part due to Beijing's fear that allowing a regime change in Syria could encourage the spread of the Arab revolution and eventually threaten China. He Wenping disagrees, \"China has a completely different political system and economic development path. If someone in the international community thinks that the Arab Spring will happen in China, then I think they misjudge the situation in China, exaggerate  some problems in the Chinese society and underestimate the ability of the Chinese government to control the situation in China.\" \n Answer: China should not have veto power in the U.N.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9c3ec610a2440a89065a4aad742ed93",
            "input": "Article: Most of the females think that they understand their male mate very well when in fact it is not. He is just speaking with you and you are happy. Try to look behind his words and sneak into his mind. What would you find out if he is talking loving words in a boring tone? What if you are hugging him and he wants to sound to be uninterested. These are alarming situations and going to be serious if you do not take it into account. Men are more experienced to hide what they have in their minds. _  Male use their body language to express what they feel. They do not want to express in words. They just indicate and deliver signals to let you know whether they are interested, annoyed, bored,excited, happy or sad. When you are worried what to do when accepting a proposal from a man,just start observing his body language. This   way would tell you a lot about his feelings and behavior. Men usually have reserved nature and do not want to expose their feelings. Male body would attract you as a man tends to face _ on the front end. Keep it remember that men usually upset more than women at last, so do not interpret it for something else. Here we develop some tips for interested women to interpret or decode male body language. These tips are surely going to help you find the perfect match for you by understanding the male body language. Attention:A male tends to look leading male; Confident body language; Active listening; Eye Catching and Entering the personal bubble. \n Answer: He can express his feelings by body language.",
            "output": [
                "When a man wants to express his real feelings,how does he do according to this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7acdf11c45a44a0b9f16889f55ce8ae6",
            "input": "Article: John Fisher, a builder, and his wife Elizabeth wanted more living space, so they left their small flat for an old 40-meter-high castle tower. They have spent five years turning it into a beautiful home with six floors, winning three architectural prizes. \"I love the space, and being private,\" Elizabeth says. \"You feel separated from the world. If I am in the kitchen, which is 25 meters above the ground floor, and the doorbell rings, I don't have to answer it because visitors can't see I am in!\" There are 142 steps to the top so if I go up and down five or six times a day, it's very good exercise! But having to carry heavy things to the top is terrible, so I never buy more than two bags of shopping from the supermarket at a time. Except for that, it's a brilliant place to live. \"When we first saw the place, I asked my father's advice about buying it, because we couldn't decide. After paying for it, we were a bit worried because it looked awful. But we really loved it, and knew how we wanted it to look.\" \"Living here can be difficult--yesterday I climbed a four-meter ladder to clean the windows. But when you stand on the roof you can see all the way out to the sea on a clear day, and that's a wonderful experience. I am really glad we moved. \" \n Answer: explain how to win prizes for building work",
            "output": [
                "What is the writer trying to do in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e50bed63c85c4ec3a15c49f281f36f08",
            "input": "Article: I have never understood why so many people visit Rome from late spring to early autumn, when traffic, heat and stressed shopkeepers and waiters lead to the lower tone of the city. Things improve a little in March, April, October and November. But connoisseurs  know that winter is the best time to go there. In winter, the low-flying sun turns Rome into a wonderful stage set. There are days in winter when the sky is kind of blue. And there are also days when you find that you have beautiful sights all to yourself. Perhaps the only period you might want to avoid is the two weeks before Christmas. Italians often leave their shopping late, and traffic in the city is often heavy. But this can also be a good time to come if you are more interested in culture than in fashion shops; if you stay somewhere central, you can beat the traffic by walking everywhere. Christmas in Rome is a low-key  family event. One of the nice things is the way the city keeps going. Although museums and shops are closed, many bars and restaurants stay open, and public transport continues to run. If you are lucky with the weather, it's in January and February that Rome is at its best. Late February can be especially attractive. One sometimes forgets what a difference that extra hour of daylight makes compared with mid-December. And there are always a few days of proper sunshine, when you can picnic in Villa Borghese and Pompeii. \n Answer: Mid-winter.",
            "output": [
                "In which of the following periods would the writer most probably advise us to visit Rome?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3540985745bc49d59edefb66aca0a4fc",
            "input": "Article: I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt's house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning. I do not remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see--the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then. The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really lost--having to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. I was often sad, and saw no end to \"the hard times. \" My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home. I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with Immigration officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives. From my experiences I have learned one important rule: Almost all common troubles eventually go away! Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up, and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy. \n Answer: From radio programs",
            "output": [
                "How did the author get to know America?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cdedeac8093b4ff2b76b8c0c960ff0d8",
            "input": "Article: Eleven-year-old Angela was stricken with a debilitating disease involving her nervous system.She was unable to walk and her movement was restricted in other ways as well.The doctors did not hold out much hope of her ever recovering from this illness.They predicted she'd spend the rest of her life in a wheelchair.They said that few,if any,were able to come back to normal after contracting this disease.The little girl was _ .There,lying in her hospital bed,she would vow to anyone who'd listen that she was definitely going to be walking again someday. She was transferred to a specialized hospital in the San Francisco Bay area.Whatever therapies could be applied to her case were used.The therapists were charmed by her undefeatable spirit.They taught her about imaging--about seeing herself walking.If it would do nothing else,it would at least give her hope and something positive to do in the long waking hours in her bed.Angela would work as hard as possible in physical therapy,in whirlpools and in exercise sessions.But she worked just as hard lying there faithfully doing her imaging;visualizing herself moving,moving,moving! One day,as she was staining with all her might to imagine her legs moving again,it seemed as though a miracle happened:The bed moved!It began to move around the room!She screamed out,\"Look what I'm doing!Look!Look!I can do it!I moved,I moved!\" Of course,at this very moment everyone else in the hospital was screaming,too,and running for cover.People were screaming,equipment was falling and glass was breaking.You see,it was the recent San Francisco earthquake.But don't tell that to Angela.She's convinced that she did it.And now only a few years later,she's back in school. _ \n Answer: It was because of her strong determination and constant efforts that she got walking again.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f6b9d03a1a84f4ca261548c631bc846",
            "input": "Article: The European Union on Monday prohibited the use of X-ray body scanners  in European airports, parting ways with the U. S. Transportation Security Administration, which has used hundreds of the scanners as a way to screen millions of airline passengers for explosives hidden under clothing. The European Commission, which enforces common policies of the EU's 27 member countries, adopted the rule \"in order not to risk doing harm to citizens' health and safety.\" As a ProPublica/PBS NewsHour investigation detailed earlier this month, X-ray body scanners use ionizing radiation  ,a form of energy that has been shown to damage DMA and cause cancer. Although the amount of radiation is extremely low, equal to the radiation a person would receive in a few minutes of flying, several research studies have concluded that a small number of cancer cases would result from scanning hundreds of millions of passengers a year. European countries will be allowed to use an alternative body scanner relying on radio frequency waves, which have not been linked to cancer. The U. S. Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has also used hundreds of those machines --known as millimeter-wave scanners --in U. S. airports. But unlike Europe, it has decided to use both types of scanners. The TSA would not comment specifically on the EU 's decision. But in a statement, TSA spokesman Mike McCarthy said, \"As one of our many layers of security, TSA uses the most advanced technology available to provide the best opportunity to detect dangerous items, such as explosives. \" We strictly test our technology to ensure it meets our high detection and safety standards before it is placed in airports,\" he continued. \"Since January 2010, advanced imaging technology has detected more than 300 dangerous or illegal items on passengers in U. S. airports nationwide.\" Body scanners have been controversial  in the United States since they were first used in prisons in the late 1990s and then in airports for tests after 9/11. \n Answer: They won't risk causing cancer.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about the new body scanners to be used in Europe?."
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e03994684e2c44bda13715da95168a96",
            "input": "Article: Throughout the centuries, various writers have contributed greatly to the literary treasure trove of books lining the shelves of today's libraries. In addition to writing interesting material, many famous writers, such as Edgar Allan Poe, were larger-than-life characters with personal histories that are as interesting to read as the stories they wrote. Poe's rocky life included being driven off from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1831 and an ongoing battle with alcohol. Yet, despite heavy gambling debts, poor health, and terrible unemployment, Poe managed to produce a body of popular works, including \"The Raven\" and \"The Murders in the Rue Morgue.\" Herman Melville, author of Moby Dick, once lived among the man-eaters in the Marquesas Islands and wrote unusual tales inspired by his years of service in the U.S. Navy. Dublin-born Oscar Wilde was noted for his charismatic personality, his outrageous lifestyle, and creating witty catchphrases such as, \"Nothing succeeds like excess.\" D.H. Lawrence wrote shameful novels that were often cut, and Anne Rice led a double life writing bestselling horrible novels under her real name and using \"A.N. Roquelaure\" for the lowbrow unhealthy novels she penned on the side. Nonconformist author and naturalist Henry David Thoreau once fled to the woods and generated enough interesting material to fill his noted book Walden. Thoreau wrote on the issue of passive resistance protest in his essay \"Civil Disobedience\" and served time in jail for refusing tax payments in protest of the United States government's policy towards slavery. American short story writer O. Henry's color1ful life was ruined by tragic events, such as being accused and sentenced for stealing money from an Austin, Texas bank. Despite his success selling his short stories, O. Henry struggled financially and was nearly bankrupt when he died. As diverse as these famous authors' backgrounds were, they all led unconventional lives while writing great literary works that will endure throughout the ages. The next time you read an interesting book, consider learning more about the author by reading his or her biography so you can learn about the unique life experiences that shaped his or her writing. \n Answer: He graduated from United States Military Academy at West Point in 1831.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Edgar Allan Poe?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cd0b1c13debf4e1ca2137fe26e10e303",
            "input": "Article: Weighing too much can damage your health, and obesity is a growing problem for both kids and adults around the world. Sleep might be one answer to the problem. A new study has found that elementary school students who slept too little were more likely to gain pounds. Past studies have shown a link between sleeping less and weighing more, but scientists have had a tough time determining\"which came first, the chicken or the egg,\"says Julie C. Lumeng of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. In other words, it hasn't been clear whether kids who weigh too much have trouble sleeping, or whether sleeping less leads to weight gain. Both scenarios  seemed equally possible. To get a better idea of which causes which, Lumeng and her colleagues interviewed the parents of 785 third graders from around the United States. The parents answered questions about how well their kids slept that year. Three years later, the parents answered the same questions. By sixth grade, 18 percent of kids involved in the study were obese. The scientists found no relationship between weight and the students' race or gender. It also didn't matter how strict their parents were, or whether they were boys or girls. Obesity struck all of these groups equally. Instead, sleep seemed to be the key factor. Over the 3 years of the study, the children averaged a healthy 9.5 hours of sleep a night. Some kids, however, slept a lot more -- or less -- than others. For the sixth graders, every hour of sleep above the 9.5-hour average was linked to a 20 percent lower risk of being obese. Sleep appeared doubly important for the third graders. Every extra hour of sleep they got was linked to a 40 percent drop in obesity. \n Answer: One's race or gender has nothing to do with his weight.",
            "output": [
                "What did the interview find out?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57fce7771944479cbae3abce8b154e63",
            "input": "Article: I am sure we've all come across inspiring quotes that made us nod in agreement or made us think, \"Wow, that's good quote\".But we end up going back to procrastinating   on whatever it was we were procrastinating on.So are these inspirational quotes even worth reading? Well, that depends. Quotes, books, articles, audio programs... all of these things are just tools and they're only effective when you use them.I don't know about you but most quotes I read don't do anything for me.However, every now and then, I will come across one that will positively affect me in some way such as reminding me to be grateful, getting me to work out extra hard at the gym without being pressed by my wife, or never give up when things get tough. From my experience, reading quotes is more effective when you're actually trying to motivate yourself rather than just reading them for the sake of reading them.The second you feel the urge to take action, you'd better immediately get up off your chair and take action. These quotes aren't for everyone.If you have read tons of them and have never been motivated or had a positive change in the way you look at life or how you treat others, or these quotes don't help you to insist on doing something when you feel like giving up on it, then it's probably not worth your time reading more of them.If you have done something a bunch of times and it's not giving you the results you want, don't keep doing it.Try something else. Now if you've found some value in reading these quotes in the past, continue to make them more effective by letting them guide your life. I'll end this text with one of my favorite quotes, which reminds me to constantly examine my habits.\"We are what we repeatedly do.Excellence, then, is not an act but a habit.\"---- Aristotle \n Answer: Negative",
            "output": [
                "What attitude does the author have towards most quotes he has read?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-21ed78a59db4424a90a6e131b61fc64e",
            "input": "Article: Officials in the Midwestern U. S. town of Joplin, Missouri, say the death from Sundays' big tornado reaches 116 and that search efforts continue for possible survivors trapped in rubble  . Search and rescue teams are conducting their third sweep through the nearly 10 kilometer - long and one - kilometer wide area of destruction left by the tornado. They are working as quickly as possible while weather conditions remain relatively stable. More storms are forecast for the area. Joplin Fire Chief Mitch Randles said there are areas with large piles of rubble that might hold survivors. \"We are still finding individuals. We did rescue seven individuals from underneath rubble yesterday and, of course, we are also finding dead folks as well.\" Said more folks and that is why we are doing these searches. We want to make every opportunity that we can to find everybody that is in the rubble and that has survived to this point.\" Randles said the current sweep involves a slower pace that previous searches and that he plans a fourth search, possibly on Wednesday, using specially trained dogs. \"We are searching every structure that has been damaged or destroyed in a more in-depth manner, \"he said.\" I have dogs and dog handlers coming from all over the country do help us in that effort.\" Joplin City Manager Mark Rohr said the Red Cross and other volunteer organizations are helping people who were left homeless by the tornado and that the Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA, is on hand to help. \"Joplin is a great city. We have suffered a great loss, \"said Rohr.\" We will recover and we will recover strongly and we have a lot of help and a lot of volunteers to make that easier.\" The tornado that struck Joplin was classified by the Natioonal Weather Service as an F - 4, with winds of more than 300 kilometers per hour. It lasted only 20 minutes, but it killed more that 100 people, injured more than 400 others, and destroyed or heavily damaged some 2,000 homes, businesses, churches and a hospital. Authorities have registered more than 1,700 calls about missing people and they hope to _ most of those cases soon, as victims are identified and survivors come forth and reunite with loved ones. This was the worst tornado to strike the United States in 60 years. It was the latest in a wave of violent storms that have swept Midwestern and southern states in recent weeks, leaving more than 300 people dead an causing more than $2 billion dollars in damage. \n Answer: tornado",
            "output": [
                "What kind of disaster  of this article is talking about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d77c45d9ab6644c3b315b03f62d3f7cc",
            "input": "Article: Despite the anxiety that Jones' Host--said by some to be the first digital novel--caused in 1993, publishers weren't too concerned that e-books would one day replace printed books. However, that attitude was changed suddenly in 2007 when Amazon's Kindle came onto the market, which led to e-book sales jumping up to 1,260%. Since then, e-books' popularity has continued to rise steadily. The publishing industry seemed to have lost all possible ability to regain its position. Will printed books eventually become a thing of the past? According to Mike Shatzkin, founder and CEO of the Idea Logical Company, printed books just for plain old reading will, in 10 years from now, be unusual. \"Not so unusual that a kid will say, 'Mommy, what's that?' but unusual enough that on the train you'll see one or two people reading something printed, while everyone else is reading off of a tablet.\" And Shatzkin believes that the de mise of print is sure to happen, though such a day won't arrive for perhaps 50 to 100 or more years. Robert Stein, founder of the Institute for the Future of the Book, however, believes that books won't disappear entirely, at least not anytime soon. \"Print will exist, but it will be in a different field and will appeal to a very limited audience, as poetry does today. Like woodblock printing, hand-processed film and folk weaving  , printed pages may assume an artistic value,\" he says. He imagines that future forms of books might be developed not by traditional publishers but by the gaming industry. He also predicts that the distinction between writer and reader will be made less obvious by a social reading experience in which authors and consumers can digitally interact with each other to discuss any passage, sentence or line. Is there anything we risk sacrificing, should print really disappear entirely? According to Maryanne Wolf, director of the Center for Reading and Language Research at Tufts University, electronic reading can negatively affect the way the brain responds to text, including reading comprehension, focus and the ability to maintain attention to details like plot and order of events. \"My worry is that we'll have a short-circuited reading brain, excellent for gathering information but not necessarily for forming critical, analytical deep reading skills,\" Wolf says.         The field, however, is in an early stage, and findings about the negative effects of e-reading are far from certain. In light of this, Wolf hopes that we continue to maintain a \"bi-literate\" society--one that values both the digital and printed word. \"A full reading brain circuit is a huge contribution to the intellectual development of our species. Anything that threatens it deserves our attention.\" \n Answer: Worried.",
            "output": [
                "How did publishers feel about the rising e-book sales inspired by the Kindle?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-029cbe5b3ab44570b1dc084e3dcde008",
            "input": "Article: Decisions, decisions! Our lives are full of them, from the small ones to the life-changing. The right to choose is central to everyone. Yet sometimes we make bad decisions that leave us unhappy or full of regret. Can science help? Most of us know little about the mental processes that lie behind our decisions. Luckily, what psychologists are finding may help us all make better choices. Here are some of their amazing discoveries to help you make up your mind. Consider your emotions. You might think that emotions are the enemy of decision making, but in fact they're a part of it. Whenever you make up your mind, your brain's emotional center is active. University of Southern California scientist, Antonio Damasio, has studied people with damage to only the emotional parts of their brains, and found that they were unable to make basic choices about what to wear or eat. Damasio thinks this may be because our brains store emotional memories of past choices, which we use to help the present decision making. However, making choices under the influence of an emotion can greatly affect the result. Take anger, for example. A study by Nitika Garg of the University of Mississippi and other scientists found the angry shoppers were more likely to choose the first thing they were offered rather than considering other choices. It seems anger can lead us to make quick decisions without much thinking. All emotions affect our thinking and motivation , so it may be best to avoid making important decisions under their influence. Yet strangely there's one emotion that seems to help us make good choices. The American researchers found that sad people took time to consider the various choices on offer, and ended up making the best choices. In fact many studies show that people who feel unhappy have the most reasonable view of the world. \n Answer: To learn about the process of decision-making.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, what may help us make better decisions?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-952161ce2e804d24a10d71be7b122210",
            "input": "Article: My 11-year-old son and I rides bikes to and from his school every day. I accompany him on the 20-minute ride through Manhattan, drop him off and return at the end of day to pick him up. We always ride together; sometimes he leads; sometimes I do. And as we ride, we communicate the ways to minimize   the dangers: Don't go too fast, and watch out for doors suddenly swinging out from parked cars and jaywalking pedestrians, etc. Some friends worry about the risk of riding in traffic, but is there a better way to let my son know how to deal with traffic dangers? But recently he requested me to start hanging back a half block or so. This way he could enjoy the feeling of riding on his own, with the security of knowing that I was nearby in case he needed me. This is healthy, of course, as my son needs space to develop independence in preparation for his inevitable (,) departure from home. However, that means soon he will want to ride to school on his own, and I will no longer have this wonderful routine. \"Let your children go if you want to keep them.\" I understand this and am trying to let my son go in age-appropriate phases, but I still suffer. It's one of the most troubling experiences of parenthood -- recognizing that your presence is becoming less welcome. My dilemma as a husband mirrors the concern I feel as a parent. My wife has just left on a six-month mission to cover the situation in Libya. In the days leading up to her departure, we spoke openly about the possibility, however unlikely, that she might be killed. But while I influence her decisions, I do not control them. Finally, it was her decision. I know that letting go is the wisest path in this case too. As we travel through life's phases, we must let go of so much. And I don't think it gets easier with practice. But maybe just accepting that eventually we will have to let go is the secret to living a full life. \n Answer: To teach his son to ride in traffic.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the writer accompany his son on his daily ride to school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e2c9d90a270492bb5ed799d924b5419",
            "input": "Article: Elephants have impressed us for centuries. They are big, clever, and sociable. But what if someone told you that they may also hold the key to fighting cancer? People have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer, even though they have life spans that are similar to humans, living for around 50 to 70 years. Now scientists believe they know why. A team at the University of Chicago, Us has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors from developing. To be precise, they found 20 copies of an anti-tumor gene called TP 53 in elephants. Most other species, humans included, only carry one copy. According to the research, which was recently published on the online science network BioRxiv, the extra copies of the gene improved the animal's sensitivity to DNA damage. This lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can form deadly tumors. \"An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution of large body sizes in many animals,\" study author Dr Vincent Lynch told The Guardian. If every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous, large creatures with long life spans like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and mice do. But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.  _ was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in the 1970s and later named \"Peto's paradox\". Evolutionary biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller do not, In the elephant's case, the making of TP53 is nature's way of keeping this species alive. The study also found that when the same genes were brought to life in mice, they had the same cancer resistance as elephants. This means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can help stop cancers from spreading or even developing in the first place. \"Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer,\" said Joshua Schiffman, an oncologist at the School of Medicine, University of Utah, US. \"It's up to us to learn how different animals tackle the problem so we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people.\" \n Answer: They carry many genes that keep tumors from developing",
            "output": [
                "Why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a1105e470dcb4d98894f8f5e0983278f",
            "input": "Article: Hanukkah Hanukkah   is a Jewish festival. It is celebrated on the 25th day of the Jewish month of Kislev  , which is usually sometime in December. It is often called the festival of lights. The festival celebrates the time, over 2,000 years ago, when the Jewish people fought against an emperor who would not let them follow their own traditions and religion. When the Jewish people won back their temple in Jerusalem, they found there was only enough holy oil to keep the sacred light burning for one day. However, to their surprise, this small amount of oil kept the light burning for eight days and nights, until the people had time to make more oil. At the center of the Hanukkah celebrations is a candlestick (called a Menorah) that holds nine candles. On the first night of Hanukkah the first candle is lit, and each day this candle is used to light another candle, until on the eighth day, the last day, all the candles are lit. During Hanukkah, people go to the synagogue   to pray and to remember the miracle   of the holy oil. Hanukkah is a time for family and friends to come together. People exchange gifts and greeting cards, and children go to parties. Parents often give their children money at Hanukkah. Potato cakes, called latkes, are a traditional Hanukkah food. \n Answer: 8",
            "output": [
                "For how many days does Hanukkah last?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-78e69d4095c54554b406ef6c9cea194a",
            "input": "Article: Recently, a study showed that changes found in astronauts' eye tissue might cause vision problems, and possibly even blindness. As well as threatening the health of astronauts, this could influence long-distance missions into space. Larry Kramer of Texas Medical School in Houston and his colleagues carried out MRI scans on 27 NASA astronauts after they had spent an average of 108 days in space. About half of them had some problems in their optic nerve   or eyeball. The changes match those seen in people with idiopathic intracranial hypertension, a rare condition in which the pressure of blood is abnormally high in the brain. People with the condition experience headaches, nausea   and vision problems including blindness. In space, the changes are probably caused by living in free fall. \"It is not because of the sunlight in space or the spacecraft's function,\" says Kramer. \"One likely reason is that blood which normally pools in the legs is shifted toward the skull  , raising pressure.\"  The findings are similar to the results of a survey of 300 astronauts carried out in 2011. The damage in vision was reported by 29 percent of astronauts on short-term missions, and 60 percent on long-term missions. \"If astronauts are exhibiting these changes after only 100 days in space, what will happen on a three-year flight to Mars?\" asks Jason Kring, who studies human performance in extreme conditions at the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Florida. \"Deteriorating vision could seriously damage astronauts' ability to carry out routine mission tasks, including monitoring displays and navigating the rocky landscape of Mars,\" says Kring. \"This possibility, combined with what we already know about how micro-gravity affects muscles and bones, paints a dark future for human space flight unless we start to develop effective measures.\" Kramer says that NASA has the matter in hand. In the wake of the study, all astronauts now have regular brain scans. This includes those yet to travel into space, providing a baseline   from which any changes would be obvious. He also believes it might be possible to identify astronauts' risk of eyesight damage from medical data before sending them into space. \n Answer: NASA has started to care for astronauts' eyesight.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-074fd1621fdc4143bac2d63128a7ee4c",
            "input": "Article: The sharp drop in world oil prices has led oil companies in the United States to dismiss thousands of workers. Some companies have also delay new oil drilling and exploration projects. The drop in oil prices has also affected small service companies and even stores that do business with oil companies in big producer states like Texas. But the drop in oil prices has not been bad for everyone.  Oil platform workers are often called roughnecks. In Texas, many roughnecks have lost their jobs because of the drop in oil prices. The effect of falling prices has been worse in states like Alaska and North Dakota. That is because production costs are higher there than they are in the Eagle Ford area of south-central Texas.  Adam Perdue is an economist at the University of Houston's Institute for Regional Forecasting. He has been studying the effect of falling oil prices in Texas. He says oil company exploration and production budgets  are being cut between 10 and 50 percent, with most of them being cut by a third. He thinks the lower spending will affect the local economy. The economic slowdown will affect companies that manufacture pipes and other equipment for oil exploration and production. It will also have an effect on trucking companies that supply sand and chemicals, and other small businesses that serve the energy industry. But low oil prices are good for chemical companies. They use hydrocarbons  found in oil to make fertilizer, plastic and other products. Adam Perdue says a new chemical plant project near Houston will provide jobs for many skilled workers \"A lot of these roughnecks that are gonna lose their jobs out there in the field are gonna be able to come home and, and, and get a welding job or a construction job.\" he says. But some oil industry experts believe prices will rise again in about six months when the oversupply of oil is reduced. \n Answer: The oil production there costs more.",
            "output": [
                "Why is the effect of falling prices worse in North Dakota?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-54403ef89d8e42a6beeb62d805044f16",
            "input": "Article: During the last twenty years there has been increasing concern with the quality of the environment. Along with air and water pollutions, noises pollution has been recognized as a serious pollutant. As noise levels have risen, the effects of noise have become more apparent. Noise is defined as \"unwanted sound\". Causes of noise pollution include traffic, aircraft, rock bands, barking dogs, televisions, garbage trucks, and noise from neighbors, voices, alarms, and watercrafts. Studies show that over forty percent of Americans are disturbed at home or lose sleep because of noise pollution.     Noise has bad effects on people and the environment. Noise causes hearing loss, interferes   with human activities at home and work, and is in various ways dangerous to people's health and well being.     When we think, talk, listen to music, or sleep, we need quiet. Even low levels of noise can be annoying or frustrating. Sudden increases in volume can make sounds annoying. The quieter the background is, the more  _ a noise can be.     Noise can also make instructions or warning unclear, resulting in accidents. Louder noise bursts can be more disruptive  .Continued stress can lead to high blood pressure, which is the major cause of some diseases. Long exposure to noise levels above eight-five decibels   can damage inner cells and lead to hearing loss. Noise can result in the involuntary fear response and can cause adrenaline   to be pumped into the bloodstream, the heart rate to quicken, muscles to tense, breathing to increase, and the digestive system to slow down.     Local government has the responsibility to fight noise pollution. For example, it can regulate the speed of trains through their community. On the other hand, a responsible citizen will never make noise pollution wherever he is. \n Answer: Three",
            "output": [
                "How many kinds of environmental pollution are mentioned in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0be77a4374c94a7b828cdba413cd30f9",
            "input": "Article: Moscow, Russia (Space news)... \"The,computer is a better chess player, \" insisted Viktor Prozorov, the loser. \"It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move, I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind , but I just couldn't win,\" he announced and shook his head sadly. Prozorov's disappointment was shared by sereral grand masters who were present, some of whom were so upet that they shouted at the machine. Many chess players said that this meant the end of chess championships  around the world, since the fun had been taken out of the game. The computer walked or rather, rolled-away with 5,000 dollars in prize money and limited its remarks to a set of noises and lights. \n Answer: Computer defeats man in chess!",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-93a6eb6f573b4d95bb1fad097c62cc7d",
            "input": "Article: The Entropia Universe The Entropia Universe is a virtual world on the Internet, which seems very like our real life.It is set in a distant future and based on a planet called Calypso.Entropia was the brainchild of a group of Swedish computer lovers who decided to see if they could create a three dimensional   virtual world that could be placed on the Internet.They did manage after they received the financial backing they needed. The game can be played for free, but nearly all in-game activities require personal resources that you have available to use.Although there are various activities to keep you busy on Calypso, what most people do first is to find themselves a profession, such as hunting the fierce animals on Calypso, mining the precious minerals and making tools.Then they can think about buying their virtual house or paying a visit to a virtual nightclub or doing any of the other activities that make life bearable. Entropia has its very own economy   and its own currency, the PED (Project Entropia Dollars).Players move real world money into PED which they then use to pay for their life on Calypso.However, the virtual things inside Entropia do have a real value in the outside world, and careful business deals mean that players can actually make real money there.PED can be changed into dollars any time at a rate of 10PED to 1US$. What's so impressive about The Entropia Universe is the number of players; currently more than 600,000 representing over 220 countries from planet Earth.A number of players insist that it's a good way to make money.However, the reality of Entropia's economic system is that most people end up paying more than they earn and it's not uncommon to find players who are paying up to $200 a month into their PED account.This might not be the most economical way of spending one's free time.However, some people say that for them the fact that they can escape the realities of the earthbound life and become a different person with a completely different life for a few hours every week is worth the use of money, even if they don't get any interest rates on it. \n Answer: It costs nothing to join.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about The Entropia Universe?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a23bbc9d5f444e5ca2daa9048f4c36d9",
            "input": "Article: One of the most popular ways to explore Boston is on a Boston Duck Tour or a Super Duck Tour. Every spring, these vehicles take visitors to the streets and waterways of downtown and have proven to be a popular way to visit many of this city's historical sights. What   Each of the two tours provides history and information about some of the city's most popular attractions, including the Prudential Tower, Faneuil Hall, the Museum of Science, the Charles River, and Boston Harbor. Where    Boston Duck Tour leaves at two locations in Boston. Eighty-minute tours depart from the Prudential Center and the Museum of Science, while evening tours, lasting 50 minutes, depart from the New England Aquarium. Super Duck Tour leaves a Gate 1, the main entrance to the Charlestown Navy Yard. When    Boston Duck Tour operates from late March to late November and tours depart every 30-60 minutes depending upon the season. Tours begin at 9 a.m. daily. The last tour from the Museum of Science and the Prudential Center leaves an hour before sunset. Super Duck Tour operates from late March to late December. Boston Duck Tour Adults:$32 Students/Seniors:$27 Children ages3-11:$22 Children under 3:$10 Super Duck Tour Adults:$35 Students/Seniors:$31 Children ages3-11:$23 Children under 3:$12 Super Duck Tour also offers a pair of combination packages that include next-day trolley rides and a Charles River Beat Cruise. See our web site for details. More information: To contact Boston Duck Tour,call 617-267DUCK(3825),email Info@bostonducktours.com, or visit www.bostonducktours,com. To contact Super Duck Tour, call 877-34 DUCK (343-8257), email info@ superducktours.com, or visit www.superducktours,com. \n Answer: They help visitors see the city by both on land and at sea.",
            "output": [
                "In what way are the vehicles in Boston different from those in other cities?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-83fc0a54142e46ddb0a9f30bd6bed5ff",
            "input": "Article: A new weapon is on the way in the fight against smoking in Europe. Soon when smokers buy cigarettes they might see a shocking photo of a blackened lung or a cancer patient staring back at them from the packet. Some boys may think of smoking as cool and sexy. Their friends won't agree when they see their packets of cigarettes lying on the table. The European Union announced on October 22, that it had chosen 42 photos that showed the damage cigarettes could do to the body. It called on member nations to put these pictures on packets to discourage smokers. To catch the attention of teenagers, the special packets warn of long-term medical dangers, like cancer. Short-term effects, like bad skin, are also on the list. \"The true face of smoking is disease, death and horror. That is the message we should send to the young,\" said David Byrne, an EU health official. \"Hopefully these pictures will shock students out of their love for cigarettes.\"[:ZSSxxSSk.Com] The EU head office hoped the pictures would work better than current written warnings on packs of cigarettes. The warnings included \"smoking kills\" and \"smoking can lead to a slow and painful death.\" So far, Ireland and Belgium have shown interest in the photos. Canada has used similar pictures and warnings on cigarette packs since 2000. The country has recently seen a fall in the number of smokers. According to studies, smoking is the single biggest cause of avoidable death in EU. Every year more than 650,000 smokers die, more than one person a minute. \n Answer: Because it shows both dangers and effects.",
            "output": [
                "Why will the \"new weapon\" hopefully work better according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-935d477a7c4f400caf236a0e10165127",
            "input": "Article: We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change for I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forbears (ancestors) prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago. The world is very different now, for man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forbears fought are still at issue around the globe, the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe (enemy) alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. Let every nation know whether it wishes us well or ill that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge (promise solemny) and more. In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility. I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the Freedom of Man. Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own. \n Answer: That a new generation of Americans are responsible for their government.",
            "output": [
                "What should friends and foes know?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-98fb9bbc8b6848c3b6ac32c86c09d777",
            "input": "Article: While drunken driving may be on the decline, traffic safety experts remain puzzled over how to deal with another alcohol related danger: drunken pedestrains. Pedestrians struck and killed by cars often are extremely drunk. In fact, they are intoxicated  more frequently and with higher blood alcohol levels than drunken drivers who are killed in accidents, various studies have shown. Forty percent of adult pedestrians involved in fatal crashes have a blood alcohol level of at least 0.10 which by law in most states signifies intoxication compared to only 25 percent of drivers in deadly accidents, according to recent federal data. Some types of pedestrain accidents have been declining nationally, especially those involving children, but the number of adult pedestrians who are drunk when killed in traffic has remained  ly steady at 2500 a year. The total number of pedestrians killed annually in U.S. traffic accidents is at least 7000, or one of every seven highway accidents resulting in death. \"We're dealing here, we think, with a very severe drinking problem that leads to a severe highway safety problem,\" said Richard Blomberg, president of Dunlap and Associates Inc, in Norwalk, Coon. w.w.^w.k.&s.5*u.c.#om.... Blomberg, whose consulting company found a very high rate of alcohol involvement in a controlled study of pedestrian accidents in New Orleans, was among several researchers who spoke on the topic at the annual meeting of the Research council's Transportation Research Board(TRB)  in Washington in January. Pedestrian accidents have not received enough attention in the past, according to Kay Colpitts, who chairs the board's committee on pedestrians. Few methods exist to monitor walking habits, she said, and researchers have been mystified about how to prevent disasters. \n Answer: A Severe Highway Safety problem.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d7d87a0dc9d24985975ec4e7cfc4a8b3",
            "input": "Article: Marvin Minsky is often called the Father of Artificial Intelligence. His work helped inspire the creation of the personal computer and the Internet. Artificial Intelligence Before Minsky, computers were more like calculators, performing math operations at speeds much faster than humans. Minsky was the first to say that computers can one day be as intelligent as human beings. He was so convinced about this, that in 1959, he and his friend John McCarthy invented the term \"Artificial Intelligence\" at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Minsky wrote a book called Perceptrons, describing a particular type of \"artificial neural  network\". Neural networks have made a comeback in a new field of Computer Science called Deep Learning. Deep Learning is used to recognize things and people in pictures (as seen in Facebook and Google Photos), language translation( try Google Translate sometimes), and so on. Robotics, Microscopes and Virtual Reality How many of you have done Robotics at school and loved it? You have Minsky to thank again, for his work on Robotics. One of his biggest inventions was the confocal scanning microscope, an instrument that is still widely used today in medical and scientific research. Minsky was really futuristic. He created one of the first head-mounted graphics displays , which gave rise to the exciting area of Virtual Reality. This year, Facebook is releasing Oculus, a virtual reality headset, which you can use to play games with your friends in a 3-D environment. Minsky's major prediction that computers will one day become as intelligent as humans is now called the Theory of Singularity. \n Answer: Minsky invented a headset, with which players can play games in a 3-D environment.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c9adcdfb7c5468992d8c62362b0aebe",
            "input": "Article: Songs that make our hearts happy can make them stronger too, US researchers reported on Tuesday. They found that when people listened to their favorite music, their blood vessels    _ in much the same way as when they are laughing, or taking blood medications. \"We have a pretty impressive effect,\" said Dr Michael Miller, director of preventive cardiology   at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore. \"Blood vessel diameter improved,\" he said. \"The vessel opened up pretty significantly. You can see the vessels opening up with other activities such as exercise.\" A similar effect is seen with drugs such as statins. When blood vessels open up more, blood flows more smoothly and is less likely to form the clots   that cause heart attacks and strokes. \"We are not saying to stop your statins or not to exercise but rather to add this to an overall program of heart health,\" said Miller, who presented his findings to a meeting of the American Heart Association in New Orleans. Miller's team tested 10 healthy, non-smoking men and women, who were told to bring their favorite music. They spent half an hour listening to the recordings and half an hour listening to music they said made them feel anxious while the researchers did ultrasound tests designed to show blood vessel function. Compared to their normal baseline measurements, blood vessel diameter increased 26 percent on average when the volunteers heard their joyful music. Listening to music they disliked -- in most cases in this group heavy metal -- blood vessels narrowed by six percent, Miller said. Miller said he came up with the idea after discovering that laughter caused blood to literally flow more smoothly. \"I asked myself what other things make us feel really good, besides calories from dark chocolate of course. Music came to mind. ... It makes me feel really good,\" he said. Most of the volunteers chose country music but Miller said the style is not so important rather than what pleases each individual. \n Answer: Listening to unpleasant music.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following will NOT cause blood vessels to open up?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b0440d076b7447638d003750d2d22d35",
            "input": "Article: A lot of people are afraid of spiders . One would even avoid walking in grass . And if he thought the spider was in the room or house, he would have to leave the house for days. In fact, fear of spiders is a type of disorder called specific phobia , one of the most common anxiety disorders, which annoys about 7% of the population, a study says. Common specific phobias also include fear of blood, needles, snakes, flying and enclosed spaces. The Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine tried the \"exposure Therapy \", which was small, done on 12 adults, but all of them held or petted the spider afterward. One participant celebrated by getting a spider tattoo  after having been unable to even look at photos of spiders. This is the first study to document the immediate and long-term brain changes after treatment and to illustrate how the brain recognizes long-term to reduce fear as a result of the therapy.  Every one would come in thinking: I am going to be the one who can't do this . There is no way ,\"Haunter ,author of the study ,says \"They were impressed by the end.\" In therapy lasting two or three hours, which is different for each person, the participants were taught that troublesome thoughts about spiders were untrue.\" \"They thought the spiders might be capable of jumping out of the cage and on to them,\" Hauner says. Exposure therapy gets its name from exposing a patient to what he fears, says Todd, research assistant professor: \"A lot of it about dispelling people's beliefs. You can get significant changes in a short period of time\". \n Answer: They have a sense of scare about something.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about the people with \"specific phobia?\""
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-13b18e6b5a35404faa9dd0fb3abb4149",
            "input": "Article: Recently, online high schools in America have sparked   a debate about whether or not taxpayers' money should be used to support online education. Online schools receive the same amount of funding as all other public schools, even though they don't have to pay for rent or school equipment. States should use their educational funds to improve education at real schools, not to support online programs. Some students only use online classes to supplement their school work. They benefit from the social experience of a traditional high school, while still taking online courses. However, about 90 thousand students in America receive their education only from online schools. 50 thousand of these students take courses at Florida Virtual School, the largest online school in the country. While this method of schooling helps students who live in remote regions, most school systems are upset that they are losing more students each year to these online programs. Although online learning allows children to work at their own pace, these online schools have only one teacher per several hundred students. Often, teachers can't give struggling students the help they need as they are unable to talk face-to-face with them, to find exactly what they're having difficulty with. Additionally, even though online schooling accommodates   students who live in more remote states, students in online programs may suffer in social situations because they will not learn valuable communication skills from their schooling. Similar to students who are home schooled, those who take only online classes won't learn social etiquette  , and will be treated differently by their peers. Online schooling might be useful for places where there are not enough students for a real school, such as agricultural regions, but states should only spend taxpayers' money on online schools in extreme cases. \n Answer: Whether traditional schools should be replaced.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5824a055b2c1475589558dbca146e060",
            "input": "Article: Twenty years ago, Oliver's back injury ruined her childhood dream of becoming a ballet dancer. But the injury led her to t'ai chi when Oliver saw a poster for a t'ai chi class and decided to try the mysterious Chinese sport.\"I was active and could not bear resting in bed and I thought I had to find some way to recover,\"she recalls. She was struck by the beautiful movements and the\"nice, patient instructor--Nelson\", who later became her husband. The couple opened a t'ai chi school in the UK. But they soon found themselves in a bottleneck. So the couple decided to move to China. They taught English in universities and learned t'ai chi under various masters. After years of practice, Oliver found her occasional backaches had disappeared. But three years after moving to China to pursue their dream, Nelson died, bringing her much pain. She thought of quitting, but considering the career in which her husband took pride, she stuck to it. She says her t'ai chi\"family\"-- the masters and students -- also provided great support, including her then tutor Dong Bing. She speaks of their first meeting:\"I had been told that his skill was of a very high level and for some reason I had a mental image of a powerful, big man. But my fellow pointed to a small, thin old gentleman, sitting on the ground. Then a sudden feeling of pleasure hit me. Of course this was exactly the kind of person who would be a t'ai chi master -- the last person you could imagine. His idea is that one should not pursue wealth and fame but should endeavor to be happy and share one's knowledge and wisdom with others.\" Following the master, Oliver now learns to live a simple life -- one perhaps more traditional than many Chinese. She does t'ai chi in the morning , makes kung fu tea for guests and draws ink-wash bamboo paintings. She spends her time outside t'ai chi attending cultural exchange events. \n Answer: She wanted to recover.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Oliver decide to try t'ai chi?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8447d453e0b04866aee2594db90bb553",
            "input": "Article: Hilton Head Island, in South Carolina, is a popular vacation spot on the East Coast of the US. There are 250 restaurants on the island. You can try the following excellent restaurants. Skull Creek Boathouse 397 Squire Pope Road 843-681-3663 It's a good place for seafood lovers. Lunch is served daily from 11:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., dinner from 4 p.m. to 9 p.m., and weekend lunch is served from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. The menu is mostly seafood. Quarterdeck 32 Greenwood Road 1-866-561-8802 The view from this restaurant is wonderful. You have many choices, such as beef, burgers and soups. Open for lunch and dinner, the hours are 11:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. for lunch, and 5 p.m. to 9 p.m. for dinner. Frankie Bones 1301 Main Street 843-842-4033 They are open 7 days a week for lunch and dinner from 11:30 a.m. to 8 p.m., and Sunday lunch is served from 11:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. For lunch you can enjoy sandwiches, salads, rice, and pasta dishes. The entree   is served with soup or salad. The salad also has cheese, pine nuts and dried berries. Mellow Mushroom 33 Office Park Road 843-686-2474 If you want something different, stop in at the Mellow Mushroom. They have specialty   pizzas, salads, and sandwiches. If you enjoy wines, you'll surely find something you like. It is open 7 days a week -- Sunday through Thursday from 11:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. and Friday and Saturday 11:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. \n Answer: It is next to the sea.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about Skull Creek Boathouse?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-888a03a738a3427da0eb07b2cd6bfc4a",
            "input": "Article: While they were almost unknown twenty years ago, it seems that mobile phones these days are part of everyone's life. However, as with other inventions such as the television and the computer, they are a double-edged sword, inviting both supporters and opponents, especially in regard to their use in public places like restaurants and cinemas. One of the strongest arguments in favor of forbidding mobiles in public places is the trouble they cause to other people. For example, although we are often asked to turn off our phones when in a cinema, the film that we are watching is often interrupted by the sound of at least five rings. To make it even worse, some people insist on continuing their conversation, even though hundreds of people can hear what they say, which often drowns out the voice from the film. As a result, many people would welcome a ban on mobile phones in places where they might disturb other people. On the other hand, there are a number of arguments against such a ban. It is difficult to stop people bringing with them their mobile phones in public places, making it almost impossible to call for a ban. Some people would see this as an infringement of their rights, while other people would say they need them in case of an emergency. Despite being asked to silence their phones, some people insist on leaving them on.  It seems to me that a ban on mobile phones would not have any result in the end. People will find a way to escape a ban. Nevertheless, people should be discouraged from using them in public places, unless it is highly necessary. They should be made to know that it is bad manners to use them in certain places or at certain times. Of course, there will always be someone who thinks their call is more important than others' peace and quiet! \n Answer: Because many people find a way to escape a ban.",
            "output": [
                "Why are many people for a ban on the use of mobiles in public places?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-da07f603b40e4d6c8243c415d9644644",
            "input": "Article: Dear Malia and Sasha,     I know that you've both had a lot of fun these last two years on the campaign trail  , going to picnics and parades and state fairs, eating all sorts of junk food your mother and I probably shouldn't have let you have. But I also know that it hasn't always been easy for you and Mom, and that though you both are excited about that new puppy , it doesn't make up for all the time we've been apart. I know how much I've missed these past two years, and today I want to tell you a little more about why I decided to take our family on this journey.     When I was a young man, I thought life was all about me--about how I'd make my way in the world, become successful, and get the things I want. But then the two of you came into my world with all your smiles that never fail to fill my heart and light up my day. And suddenly, all my big plans for myself didn't seem so important anymore. I soon found that the greatest joy in my life was the joy I saw in yours. And I realized that my own life wouldn't be so important unless I was able to ensure that you had every opportunity for happiness and fulfillment in yours. In the end, girls, that's why I ran for President: because of what I want for you and for every child in this nation.       I want all our children to go to schools worthy of their potential --schools that challenge them, inspire them, and teach them a sense of wonder about the world around them. I want them to have the chance to go to college--even if their parents aren't rich. And I want them to get good jobs: jobs that pay well and give them benefits like health care, jobs that let them spend time with their own kids and retire with dignity .       I want us to push the boundaries of discovery so that you'll live to see new technologies and inventions  that improve our lives and make our planet cleaner and safer. And I want us to push our own human boundaries to reach beyond the divides of race and gender that keep us from seeing the best in each other.   (An extract from Obama letter to his daughters) \n Answer: He loves his daughters as deeply as any other ordinary father.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of feeling do you think Obama shows to his daughters when reading the letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-649abe3824844d59a2d93c6a9c485287",
            "input": "Article: Envy seems to be bad-but it doesn't have to be. Researchers are finding that, if approached the right way, there can actually be an advantage. Psychologists classify envy in two ways: negative and positive. With positive envy, you are motivated by another person's success and struggle to follow it. With negative envy, you want to cut the advantaged person down so you look better by comparison. Let's say you feel sufferings of envy after your rival  at another firm gets promoted. Negative envy might drive you to destroy his success, but positive envy would inspire you to work harder and get promoted, too. Studies show positive envy can be a great motivator . In a 2011 study published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers in the Netherlands conducted a series of experiments with more than 200 university students. Researchers found that when they caused feelings of positive envy----as opposed to admiration or negative envy----in the students, it drove them to want to study more and perform better on a test measuring creativity and intelligence. While admiration may feel better, the researchers found, it doesn't motivate performance like the pain and frustration of envy. \"Those painful sufferings of envy are there for an evolutionary  reason,\" says Texas Christian University researcher Sarah E. Hill, \"warning us that someone has something of importance to us.\" Building on this theory, Dr. Hill and others conducted a series of experiments, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, to test whether envy improves attention and memory----the tools needed to copy a rival's steps to success. In one experiment, half of the participants were asked to recall past feelings of envy; the other half weren't. The two groups were then shown mock  interviews of imaginary peers. The group filled with envy paid closer attention and better recalled details about the interview subjects. In other words, envy made them more astute . Not only can envy motivate us to reach for higher goals, it may even give us the cognitive push to get there. \n Answer: It reminds you to struggle to follow your dreams.",
            "output": [
                "What's the bad effect of negative envy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-08dcca7f942a44e2a26074339d0cce75",
            "input": "Article: Many people rely on a cup of coffee or two to wake them up in the morning or refresh them during the working day, but now a chemist has come up with a speedy alternative to drinking coffee. U.S. biochemist Ben Yu has created 'Sprayable Energy', which claims to be the world's first caffeine - based topical energy spray. He said tired workers can spray a 'shot' of caffeine onto their skin without experiencing a strong noise, taking in unnecessary calories or being stuck with a nasty aftertaste like they might get from drinking energy drinks or coffee. The tasteless caffeine spray is absorbed through the skin and spread through the body over a number of hours to deliver a caffeine hit that lasts longer than drinking a cup of coffee. The only active ingredient in the spray is caffeine, which is very similar to nicotine in structure. Each spray 'Sprayable Energy' contains around a quarter of the amount of caffeine found in a cup of coffee, but apparently has the same effect as a full cup. The website said: \"The reason for this is our product isn't entirely metabolized  by the liver before entering your system and becoming available to your body.\" Sprayable Energy's website recommends that users apply the spray in places where they normally spritz perfume, such as wrists, the neck or behind the ears, but warns users not to exceed 20 times a day. It claims that after spraying the product on the skin, users will feel awake and focus without being over-excited, which is common with coffee and energy drinks. \n Answer: It contains lower calories.",
            "output": [
                "Compared with an energy drink or a coffee, what is good about \"Sprayable Energy\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-037ac9cb78cb4d2aae58a8812c8d747e",
            "input": "Article: You have probably heard of the Mozart effect. It's the idea that if children or even babies listen to music composed by Mozart, they will become more intelligent. A quick Internet search exposes plenty of products to assist you in the task. Whatever your age there are CDs and books to help you taste the power of Mozart's music, but when it comes to scientific evidence that it can make you more clever, the picture is more mixed. The phrase \"the Mozart effect\" was made up in 1991, but it was a study described two years later in the journal Nature that sparked  real media and public interest about the idea that listening to classical music somehow improves the brain. It is one of those ideas that sound reasonable. Mozart was undoubtedly a genius himself; his music is complex and there is a hope that if we listen to enough of it, we'll become more intelligent.  _ , with thousands of parents playing Mozart to their children, and in 1998 Zell Miller, the Governor of the state of Georgia in the US, even asked for money to be set aside in the state budget so that every newborn baby could be sent a CD of classical music. It was not just babies and children who were exposed to Mozart's music on purpose, even an Italian farmer proudly explained that the cows were played Mozart three times a day to help them to produce better milk. I'll leave the debate on the effect on milk yield to farmers, but what about the evidence that listening to Mozart makes people more intelligent? More research was carried out but an analysis of sixteen different studies confirmed that listening to music does lead to a temporary improvement in the ability to handle shapes mentally, but the benefits are short-lived and it doesn't make us more intelligent. \n Answer: Because Mozart himself was a genius.",
            "output": [
                "Why did many people believe in the idea of Mozart Effect?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c4e1f15d5107472a9b8fab9b4213c054",
            "input": "Article: A little homeless girl stood crying near a small church from which she had been turned away because it was too crowded. \" I can't go to Sunday school.\" She cried to the priest   as he walked by. The priest took her inside. The child was very happy because they found a room for her. She went to bed that night thinking of the children who had no place to sleep or pray in. Two years later, the girl died there. As her little body was being moved, a worn and red purse was found, which she had found in the rubbish. Inside the purse was 57cents and a note, written in childish handwriting, which read: \"This is to help make the little church bigger so more children can go to Sunday school.\" After the priest tearfully read that note, he told the story of her unselfish love and devotion  to others. Soon, a newspaper reported on it. It was read by a wealthy man who offered the church a piece of land worth many thousands of dollars. When told that the church could not pay much, he offered to sell it to the little church for 57 cents. Soon, the church collected a large amount of money. Within five years, the girl's gift had increased to $250,000. When you are in the city of Philadelphia, visit Temple Baptist Church, Temple University, and the Sunday school building. No child here is left outside on Sunday school days again. One of the rooms of the Sunday school building is hanged with the picture of the sweet face of the little girl whose 57 cents made such a remarkable and real history. \n Answer: Shameful.",
            "output": [
                "How did the girl feel when she thought of other homeless kids?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-55ae21aff49d470482f90e30156f44be",
            "input": "Article: From Mr. Ward Hoffman. Sir, I was halfway through Professor Raj Persaud's article \"What's the tipping point?\" (Financial Times Weekend, April 9-l0) when it occurred to me that what I was reading was not ironic . If  Prof Persaud wants to know why Americans tip in restaurants, he need only ask the first American he meets inprefix = st1 /London. Americans tip in restaurants for one reason, and one reason only: we tip to supplement   the salary of restaurant workers. Quality of service does not enter into it, beyond the fact that one may tip a bit less for poor service, or a little more for good service. Not tipping at all in a non-fast-food restaurant is not a choice. In the US, one used to tip about 15 per cent for dining in a family-style restaurant or in an up-market   restaurant. Here, in San FranciscoBayarea restaurants, we are encouraged to tip 20 per cent or more, to help restart workers live in this very expensive area. After eating at an Italian restart in my city, I left a tip of 20 per cent on the non-tax part of our dinner bill. It was expected. There is nothing more complicated than that about Americastipping in restaurants. Ward Hoffman,   Palo Alto, CA94306,US *                *                  * From Mr. Philip McBride Johnson. Sir, I agree with most of Raj Persaud's opinion about the doubtful value of tipping, but with one exception. Tips can be very useful when one is a repeat customer or diner. It is only when the tipper is a stranger and likely to remain so that the system does not work to his or her advantage. But frequent a hotel or a restaurant, always tip a bit more, and the difference in service and treatment will be easily felt. Phfiip McBnde Johnson, Great Falls, VA22066,US \n Answer: How to tip in theUnited Statesis not complicated.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from Hoffrnan's letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3c6f860a97a44a91b57870c5cddc2545",
            "input": "Article: Children and teenagers who spend lots of time in front of screens-especially TVs-are   easier to get more weight as they age .according to a new study.      The findings agree with research suggesting all that inactive sitting and always watching   advertisements may lead to poor eating habits.      Researchers used results from a long-term study of children Who took surveys every other   year. Children were between ages 9 and 16 when the study started. Out of 4,300 girls in the   Study. 17 percent were overweight or obese .Twenty-four percent of the 3 .500 boys   were also above a healthy weight      The surveys included questions about their height and weight as well as how much time   they spent watching TV and DVDs and playing computer and video games.     From one survey to the next, each one-hour increase in children's daily TV watching was  in connection with an increase of about 0.1 points on a  body mass index(BMI) , which measures weight in connection with height. That's a difference of about half a pound per  extra hour of TV. \"The weight of the evidence is so strong that television watching is connected with unhealthy changes in weight among youth,\"says Jennifer Falbe . Who led the study while at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston. \"It's important for parents to know all the obesity-causing screens that really should be limited in their children's lives,  Falbe says. \" When children  watch TV. There are many food advertisements on TV that might lead them to eat a cookie or drink a soft drink. \"  What's mare .she says . \" You can get into a hibernating   state on the sofa. Even if children are sitting down  while playing a computer game. for example. they might be a bit more active.\" \n Answer: Too much screen time leads to obesity.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements can be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0996cc36edef402a92c7d7dfd1cf34fe",
            "input": "Article: The United Nations climate talks in Doha, Qatar, continued into their second week, Wednesday, as delegates from nearly 200 countries struggle to craft a replacement for the Kyoto Protocol, the global agreement on climate change that expires at the end of this month. The negotiations are deadlocked  over demands by poorer nations for financial help in coping with climate change. United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon called on delegates at the United Nations Conference on Climate Change to speed up their work on an agreement to address a warming planet. \"Let us be under no illusion , this is a crisis, a threat to us all, our economies, our security and the well-being of our children and those who will come after,\" he said. \"No one is immune to climate change, rich or poor.\" Delegates from nearly 200 countries --- rich and poor --- are in Doha to extend the Kyoto Protocol, the 1997 global climate change agreement that expires  at the end of this month, and to begin to _ a new agreement to replace it. Two issues block the way forward.  Developing countries are demanding that industrialized nations fulfill their pledges under Kyoto to reduce their climate-changing industrial emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, and to put new, larger emission curbs on the table. The developing nations, led by China, are also insisting that rich nations provide more aid to poorer countries to help them cope with the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels and more violent storms. In Doha Wednesday, Tim Gore, a climate change policy advisor for Oxfam International, a confederation of groups working on social justice issues, applauded efforts by England, Germany and Sweden to increase their climate aid and expects other nations to follow. \"Those announcements are truly welcome.  And they shine a spotlight on those that have remained silent: the U.S., Canada, Japan, even Australia,\" Gore said. \"But we need to be very clear as well that those types of announcements made in press conferences can be no substitute for clear commitments in the text that poor countries have come here to negotiate.\" \n Answer: Ban Ki-moon called on delegates at the United Nations Conference on Climate Change to speed up their work on an agreement to address a warming planet.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-77992f2bbf0d47649a4511ab5af9613d",
            "input": "Article: Television has a huge influence on our lives. It is one of the most important ways of getting information. People spend part of their spare time watching television, and much of what they learn comes from it.   What we see on TV-movies, news shows, sports shows, advertisements and so on have increased our knowledge and have changed the way we learn about the world today. However, not everything on TV is true.   Most of the viewers are children. Television sometimes is like a baby-sitter . It spends more time with children than parents do. But it keeps them in the living room away from healthy outdoor activities. They spend less time playing soccer or walking in the park or playing games in the yard.   Of course, there are some programs on TV that are good for children. But there are also some shows which are bad. Children should not watch unhealthy shows. Maybe we can't change what is on TV, but we can choose what we watch. Do you agree? \n Answer: Because children spend more time watching TV than staying with their parents.",
            "output": [
                "Why is television sometimes like a baby-sitter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19e30fb270ea41e98bac23499447fa90",
            "input": "Article: In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.      Studies have shown. for instance. that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues( ). like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.       A new study suggested that our shot-term memory also may play a role in appetite.  Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them --- in other words, how much they remembered eating.       This difference suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal. says Jeffrey M . Brunstrom , a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.     \"Hunger isn't. controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal.\" Brunstrom says. \"This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought.\"      These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones, depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 0r 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.      What does this means for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves in to eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.      The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says. \n Answer: How we perceive the food we eat.",
            "output": [
                "What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c1d603192bfb4f8986364f442df635bf",
            "input": "Article: You may have noticed that the world's population is not evenly distributed  around our planet. There are some countries where people seem to be living nearly _ each other because conditions are overcrowded. Then there are others where it seems that hardly anybody lives. What influences this unequal distribution of people? There are specific advantages and disadvantages of *diving in a certain area. The two main factors that influence people`s choice of location are climate and resources. Climate is the usual weather conditions in a region. Areas that have bad weather are generally less deal as places to live in. The north and south poles at the top and bottom of the world may be beautiful in their rugged, natural way, but the disadvantage of the bitterly cold and windy conditions usually keeps people away.  When it comes to climate, warm conditions and a normal amount of rainfall are advantages that attract people. Natural resources are things that we get from nature that help us survive. Each region offers different resources, and therefore attracts different groups of people. People who enjoy the beach can make their living by catching and selling the ocean's many fish and other sea creatures. Those who prefer farming can take advantage of rich soil  in valleys near rivers. Some people are willing to accept the disadvantages of the terrible conditions of deserts or mountains in order to take advantage of the resources like oil or woods. \n Answer: Warm conditions and rainfall.",
            "output": [
                "What are the main factors that influence the distribution of people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0a8240bf31d14e19985b96d40f588ad0",
            "input": "Article: Shakespeare City Walk This 90-minute leisurely walking tour does not go to the Globe Theatre (because everyone already knows it) , but instead uncovers less known monuments and locations in the City of London with connections to Shakespeare's life, his friends, his loves and his work. The Shakespeare City Walk takes place on Fridays at 11 a.m. at Temple tube station. Address: Meet at Temple tube station, London Telephone: +44(0)790 5746733 Camera Walk Learn how to take better photos as you explore London with a professional photographer on a Camera Trails tour. Walk around Brick Lane and Spitalfields on the Urban East tour, or take photos of Big Ben and St Paul's Cathedral on the South Bank tour. Address: Trafalgar Square, London Telephone: +44(0)798 957 9336 The Celebrity Planet See celebrity   homes, famous film locations, music landmarks and places linked to pop history on a Celebrity Planet tour. Find out about stars in Notting Hill, Mayfair, Primrose Hill or Chelsea, or try a Harry Potter, James Bond or Beatles tour. Address: 40 Porchester Square, London Telephone: +44(0)20 7193 8770 Email: info@thecelebrityplanet.com Sandemans New London Tours Sandemans New London Tours offer a completely free tour of Royal London, including the Changing of the Guard. There's also an Old City of London Tour, and a Grim Reapers of London Tour. Our expert guides work for tips, you contribute to the pollution problem of London's cars and buses. Email: info@neweuropetours.com \n Answer: It consists of not so much famous destinations.",
            "output": [
                "What is TRUE of the Shakespeare City Walk?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f5f79bc0d13546dd8ac5f159c4f69fce",
            "input": "Article: We are surrounded by mixed messages about mistakes: we're told we earn by making them, but we work hard to avoid them. So the result is that most of us know that we are going to make mistakes, but deep down, we feel we shouldn't. Experiments with schoolchildren who did well on a given test show that those who were praised for being smart and then offered a more challenging or less challenging task afterward usually chose the easier one. On the other hand, children praised for trying hard-rather than being smart-far more often selected the more difficult task. If we try hard to avoid mistakes, we aren't open to getting the information we need in order to do better. In a writing study, experiments showed that those who are so scared to make mistakes perform worse in writing tasks than those who aren't as worried about being perfect. They fear receiving any kind of negative feedback, so they don't learn where they went wrong and how to get better. We don't just learn more when we're open to mistakes, we learn deeper. Research tells us that if we're only concerned about getting the right answer, we don't always learn the underlying concepts that help us truly understand whatever we're trying to figure out. Mistakes need to be seen not as a failure to learn, but as a guide to what still needs to be learned. As Thomas Edison said, \"I am not discouraged, because every abandoned wrong attempt is another step forward. \" Furthermore, we often make mistakes because we try new things-we wander away from accepted paths. Teflon, penicillin-these are examples of great discoveries made by mistake. Take a page from Albert Einstein, who said, \"Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. \" \n Answer: He will choose a less challenging task.",
            "output": [
                "What will happen to students praised for being smart in face of choosing tasks compared to students praised for working hard?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-97d9a3bd48954b03a97f0022effa2673",
            "input": "Article: Go, known as Weiqi in China and Baduk in South Korea, was viewed as the last game where humans can defeat machines. Lee Se-dol, one of the greatest Go players, has won 18 world championships for 21 years of his professional career. AlphaGo, a computer program developed by Google's DeepMind, beat the European Go champion, an achievement that was not expected for years in October, 2015. The match between Lee and AlphaGo was seen as a representative game between humans and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The match of the century drew great attention from news organizations, Go fans and the general public across the world as well as in South Korea. Go originated from China more than 2,500 years ago. It involves two players who take turns putting markers on a net-shaped board to gain more areas on it. One can occupy the markers of the rival   by surrounding the pieces of the other. Go is considered to be a lot more complex than chess where artificial intelligence scored its most famous victory to date when IBM's Deep Blue beat grandmaster Gary Kasparov in 1997. But experts say Go presents an entirely different challenge because of the game's incomputable number of move options. In other words, the computer must be capable of human-like \"intuition\"   to win. \"I was very surprised because I did not think that I would lose the game,\" said Mr. Lee.He said AlphaGo's early strategy was \"excellent\" and that he was shocked by one unconventional move it had made that a human never would have played, which he believed directly resulted in his loss. AlphaGo is proud of a deep learning capability to learn for itself and discover new strategies by playing games against itself and adjusting neural networks   based on a trial-and-error process known as reinforcement   learning. In spite of his loss, he did not regret accepting the challenge. \"I had a lot of fun playing Go and I'm looking forward to the future games,\" he said after AlphaGo won 3-0 in a five-game match. \"Playing against a machine is very different from an actual human player. Normally, you can sense your rival's breathing, their energy. And lots of times you make decisions which depend on the physical reactions of the person you're playing against. With a machine, you can't do that\", Lee said. \n Answer: In a science magazine",
            "output": [
                "Where can we most probably read this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-70eed6fad53a4a15ab723b9f95f9851d",
            "input": "Article: (ALAUDDIN VALLEY) -- Russia's relationship with Tajikistan has  _ following an incident involving a Russian pilot who was arrested -- after making an emergency landing in the Central Asian nation. Russia responded by beginning to drive out Tajik guest workers, a move that threatens Tajikistan's entire economy. In total, some 700,000 Tajik citizens work in Russia. In the past quarter, they sent home some $742 million in remittances  . Overall, the money guest workers send back makes up half of the republic's government budget.  The Alauddin Valley is in the Fann Mountains in eastern Tajikistan. The place long held an attraction for Russian writers and adventurers. Later, during the Soviet era, it was a popular tourist destination. Yet establishing a strong relationship with the people of the mountainous region is not easy. Men are seldom seen in the area. Nearly every family has at least one breadwinner working in Russia, if not more. The farm work falls to the women, who divide it up among themselves. Each summer, the village chooses the most experienced and skilled women to take all of the cows (up to 300 of them) to the summer pastures   high up on in the mountains. The women spend four months there with their children since there is no one to leave the children with. They milk the cows and prepare products for the winter: cheese, butter and so on. These fermented   goods get them through the winter when snow and avalanches   cut off all contact with civilization.  Residents here generally have two questions for visiting Russians. The first one is obvious: Is President Dmitri Medvedev going to limit the entry of Tajik guest workers? The second question is less obvious: Are there cows in Moscow? The Alauddin Valley's women truly can't imagine life without either. \n Answer: Because he refused to return to Russian.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the Russian pilot arrested?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4cba6d01fe2b47ed8e1db922cf747120",
            "input": "Article: More than 40 years ago, John Williams gave away all of his belongings and went off to the mountains to live the way people lived 100 years ago. For food he traps wild animals, fishes in the rivers, and plants whatever he can. John lives in a cabin he made by hand, out of trees he chopped down with an ax. Though he has no  s he knows of, he does have a deer he raised from a fawn. The deer lives in the house in the winter and goes with John when he goes into the forest for food. Nobody lives within fifty miles of his cabin in the mountains and John has not been out of the mountains during the entire forty years. One day last year I hiked in to see how John lives. It was like going back in time. There were no roads, no stores, no noise, no pollution, not even a post office. Most notable of all, there were no people and that's just the way John Williams wants to keep his part of the world--without people. But there is a paradox in his story. John is an educated man. He has books and nobody knows how he got them. Mostly he reads about his world, the forest, the animals, the plants, and the mountains. He has seen airplanes flying overhead but does not want to know about them. For him, electricity is lightning, not light bulbs, refrigerators, televisions, or washing machines. John Williams is 85 years old and had not had a sick day in his life. He attributes his long life to the fact that it has nothing to do with people and in order that he might enjoy many more years of health, happiness, and solitude, I will not tell you where his kingdom lies. There is no room there for you or me. \n Answer: John Williams himself.",
            "output": [
                "Who lives in John Williams' house?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-997d4ed180264cd9bdcff570b78fabe9",
            "input": "Article: Corned Beef & Cabbage. From Quick Cooking               \"I've been making this meal for more than 40 years,\" remarks Ruth Warner of Wheat Ridge, Colorado. \"It is so easy and so delicious. It's especially good served with a salad of peaches and cottage cheese.\" INGREDIENTS  4 cups water 1 corned beef brisket with spice packet (2 pounds) 1 medium head cabbage , cut into 8 wedges 2 large red potatoes , cut into 2-inch chunks 1 can (14--1/2 ounces ) chicken broth 4 large carrots , cut into 2--inch chunks 1 medium onion , cut into 2--inch pieces SERVINGS, 4--6 CATEGORY , Main Dish PREP , 10 min. METHOD, Pressure Cooker COOK, 45 min. TOTAL, 55 min.DIRECTIONS                In a 6-qt. pressure cooker ,combine water and contents of corned beef seasoning packet; add beef. Close cover securely ;place pressure regulator on vent pipe .Bring cooker to full pressure over high heat .Reduce heat to medium-high and cook for 45 minutes .(Pressure regulator should maintain a slow steady rocking motion; adjust heat if needed.)               Meanwhile ,in a large saucepan ,combine the cabbage ,potatoes and broth .Bring to a boil. Reduce heat; cover and simmer for 10 minutes .Add carrots and onion. Cover and simmer 20--25 minutes longer or until vegetables are tender ;drain.               Remove pressure cooker from the heat; allow pressure to drop on its own. Remove beef to a serving platter. Discard cooking liquid .Serve beef with cabbage ,potatoes ,carrots and onion.               Yield: 4--6 servings.               For more recipes ,click here. \n Answer: flour and vinegar",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following materials are not needed in this course?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5c9597ea1fbc412a948b060e391cc1a5",
            "input": "Article: A lot of us lose life's tough battles by starting a frontal   attack -- when a touch of humor might well enable us to win. Consider the case of a young friend of mine, who was trapped in a traffic jam on his way to work shortly after receiving a warning about being late for the job. Although there was a good reason for Sam's a being late --serious illness at home -- he decided that this by-now-familiar excuse wouldn't work any longer. His boss was probably already pacing up and down preparing a dismissal speech. Yes, the boss was. Sam entered the office at 9:35. The place was as quiet as a locker room  ; everyone was hard at work. Sam's boss came up to him. Suddenly, Sam smiled and stretched out his hand. \"How do you do!\" he said. \"I'm Sam Maynard. I'm applying for a job, which, I understand, became available just 35 minutes ago. Does the early bird get the worm?\" The room exploded in laughter. However, the boss  _ a smile and walked back to his office. Sam Maynard had saved his job-- with the only tool that could win, a laugh.  Humor is a most effective, yet frequently neglected  , means of handling the difficult situations in our lives. It can be used for patching up differences, apologizing, saying \"no\", criticizing, getting the other fellow to do what you want without his losing face. For some jobs, it's the only tool that can succeed. It is a way to discuss subjects so sensitive that serious dialogue may start a quarrel. For example, many believe that comedians   on television are doing more today for racial and religious tolerance than people in any other field. \n Answer: He was caught in a traffic jam.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Sam late for his job?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c40db161793d4b2fad3e9b2a62b67b25",
            "input": "Article: Football is,I believe,the most important game in England:one has only to go to one of the important matches to see  _ . Rich and poor,young and old,one can see them all there,shouting for one side or the other. To a stranger,one of the most surprising things about football in England is the great knowledge of the game which even the smallest boy seems to have. He can tell you the names of the players in most of the important teams.  He has pictures of them and knows the results of large numbers of matches. He will tell you who he expects will win such a match,and his opinion is usually as good as that of men three or four times his age. Most schools in England take football seriously--much more seriously than nearly all European schools,where lessons are all that are important,and games are left for the children themselves. In England,it is believed that education is not only a matter of filling a boy's mind with facts in classroom,it also means the training of character by means of games,especially team games,where the boy or girl has to learn to work with others for the team instead of working for himself or herself alone. The school therefore plays games and matches for its pupils.  Football is a good team game;it is good for both body and mind. That is why it is every school's game in prefix = st1 /England. \n Answer: More than the teaching of knowledge.",
            "output": [
                "What does education mean in England?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d620bcf0fe4544f58eae7946f2140067",
            "input": "Article: The \"Occupy Wall Street\" movement gained more support on Wednesday as unions and students joined in. With the protests developing from a group of young people's camping out near the New York Stock Exchange on September 17 to large-scale   movements across the country and around the world, people can't help asking: What has led to \"Occupy Wall Street?\" Three years after the severe economic crisis, the U.S. economy now is stuck again. Protesters are not satisfied with the present economic situation since unemployment rate is above 9 percent and economic growth has slowed. The housing market is still struggling for a recovery three years after the bubble   burst. People are losing their houses even after they have paid a large amount of mortgage . It is getting difficult for young people to find jobs. People feared that a similar crisis like the one in 2008 may be already on its way. It is Wall Street that possessed the most riches. It is Wall Street greed that, at least partly, led to the financial crisis in 2008. It was Wall Street's \"fat cats\" who take taxpayers' aid money as their own big bonus  . With the growing economic crisis around the world, people realize that Wall Street is responsible for it. So they try to target people who created the crisis. The majority of the protesters are young people under 30. Many of them are unemployed. Some are students with mountains of loans  . Some are hard-working people about to lose their houses even if they have paid a large amount of mortgage. They are complaining that the hard-working middle class is getting poor, yet Wall Street stays wealthy. William Cohan, author ofMoney and Power: How Goldman Sachs Came to Rule the world, wrote recently that Wall Street not only learned nothing from the 2008 crisis, they are also trying to kill all reforms that might \"break this dangerous cycle in which bankers get very rich while the rest of working people suffer from their mistakes.\" \n Answer: The cause of the \"Occupy Wall Street\" movement.",
            "output": [
                ". What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1b74fde5f74640b1b6fc0bffa566ad42",
            "input": "Article: A Bite of China Season Two(<< >> ) is coming! The program is shown at 9:00 on CCTV-1 every Friday night from April 18 to June 6, 2014. There are altogether eight episodes  , all about history andculture of food, eating and cooking in China. The directors spent one year visiting more than 150 different parts of China. More than 300 types of food are covered in the documentary. As an old Chinese saying goes, _ . It plays an important role in our daily life, and the rich food culture is also one of the most important parts of Chinese culture.A Bite of China Season Twowants to show the joys and sadness of ordinary   Chinese in changing times through food. A Bite of China Season Onewas shown on CCTV in 2012. It attracted more than 100 million viewers. It is all about food, while the second season cares more about the relationship between the people and the food. For example, the first episode shows a young man spent four hours climbing a 40-metre-high tree to get something nice for his brother. The show reminds viewers of their homes and the tastes of childhood. One Weibo user wrote, \"A Bite o f China Season Twomakes me have so many words to say. It makes me think of my parents and my grandmother. I haven't been home for a long time, so I have decided to go back in a few days.\" The show uses food as a window to introduce China to the world. Viewers can see how Chinese people love life by loving food. Anyone who wants to know more about Chinese culture and Chinese society   should have a bite of the program. \n Answer: 300.",
            "output": [
                "How many types of food are covered in this program?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-44dceec0bba04063ac21c78671227241",
            "input": "Article: Lots of human foods are dangerous to pets, many of which may seem tasty to our pets but can prove deadly if eaten. It can be very appealing to offer pets food from the table, but pets should not be given human food unless recommended by veterinarians  . If you suspect your pet may have eaten a dangerous food, contact veterinarians immediately. In many cases, early recognition and treatment are very important.  Chocolate, Coffee, and Caffeine Chocolate contains theobromine, a chemical that is toxic   to dogs in large quantities. Chocolate also contains caffeine, which is found in coffee, tea, and certain soft drinks. Different types of chocolate contain different amounts of theobromine and caffeine. For example, dark chocolate and baking chocolate contain more of these compounds   than milk chocolate, so a dog would need to eat more milk chocolate to become ill. However, even a few ounces of chocolate can be enough to cause illness in a small dog, so no amount or type of chocolate should be considered \"safe\" for a dog to eat. Chocolate toxicity can cause vomiting  , diarrhea, rapid or irregular heart rate, restlessness, muscle tremors, and seizures. Death can occur within 24 hours of intake.  Grapes and Raisins Grapes and raisins can cause sudden kidney failure in .cats and dogs. It is unknown what the toxic agent is in these fruits. However, clinical   signs can occur within 24 hours of eating and include vomiting, diarrhea, and tiredness. Other signs of illness relate to the eventual shutdown of kidney functioning.  Garlic and Onions Garlic and onions contain chemicals damaging red blood cells in cats and dogs. Affected red blood cells can damage or lose their ability to carry oxygen effectively. Cooking these foods does not reduce their potential toxicity. Fresh, cooked, and/or powdered garlic and/or onions are commonly found in baby food, which is sometimes given to animals when they are sick, so be sure to read food labels carefully. Many cases of human food toxicity in pets are accidental. A pet may find and chew on a package of gum or candy, or steal food from a countertop   or table. The best way to prevent this is to keep all food item: in closed cupboard or areas inaccessible to pets. This may be particularly difficult during the holiday season, when more candy, chocolate, fruit baskets, and other food item: are around. During these times, increased alertness   can help prevent pets finding and eating dangerous foods. Children should also be taught to never give candy, gum, or other human foods to pets. \n Answer: They both can cause pets' hearts to beat irregularly.",
            "output": [
                "What effect do chocolate and grapes have in common if eaten by pets?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f11ca91f51ba40469b7c44938dee0356",
            "input": "Article: A little girl in my family got a typewriter for Christmas. Not a laptop. Nothing with a screen. The old-fashioned manual kind. Typewriters had pretty much gone the way of dodo birds quite some years before my granddaughter was born. But it was the typewriter used by a journalist in the movie \"Kit Kittredge: An American Girl\" that attracted her. Or maybe it was the way the typewriter was used. In the movie, Kit does old-fashioned journalism and writes stories that help right a wrong. In a challenging environment she keeps her wits -- and a strong sense of ethics   -- about her. However, another reporter, Chuck Tatum in \"Ace in the Hole\" is totally different. He tells an editor, \"If there's no news, I'll go out and bite a dog.\" Later, referring to a sign in the newsroom that reads \"Tell the Truth,\" Tatum acknowledges some guilt. But, \"Not enough to stop me on my way to the top.\" In both movies, the journalists use typewriters. It's what they do with them that makes the difference. And today, it's what we do with our hardware -- the journalism we produce -- that makes the difference. Typewriters have long since given way to laptops, camera phones and video phones. But here at Thomson Reuters  , and in the media as a whole, the need for a strong sense of ethics has never been more necessary. To me, at the heart of ethics are the preservation   of honesty, independence and freedom from prejudice. It means ethics and standards are compatible with innovation  . In fact, they have to go hand in hand. There's a lot of room for innovation here, but there's no room for a Chuck Tatum, who would do anything to get to the top. In about 2020, my granddaughter will probably be using technology that hasn't been developed yet to work on her school \"newspaper\". She won't be using her typewriter but she will, I hope, be using what she's learned from the journalists of this generation. It's up to us to set the right example. \n Answer: He tries all sorts of tricks to achieve his goal.",
            "output": [
                "What does Chuck Tatum mean by saying \"bite a dog\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9ddd95a06734e73bf0dd44f278f2b3f",
            "input": "Article: A third of 15 to 18-year-olds in the UK have met someone in person they originally met through social media. The figure comes from an exclusive online Newsbeat poll  of 1,015 British teenagers, put together by Comres. The survey also indicates that a quarter feel happier online than they do in real life. But overall, real-life relationships are still considered far more important than online ones, according to the findings. Sixty-six per cent polled last month said the number of friends they knew in person was more important to them, compared to 28% who said the same of the number of friends and followers they had online. The survey also suggests what lots of people know already, that social media is now an integral part of teenagers' lives. Only one per cent of _ said they never checked in online for social reasons. Facebook is the most popular social network (89% have an account), followed by Twitter (62%) and Snapchat (58%). Dr Emma Short, a psychologist at the University of Bedfordshire, said, \"The number of teenagers meeting up with people they first befriended online is worrying. Even very sophisticated security experts find it very hard to verify the identity of accounts. When you're 15 and you're very effective at identifying friends and risk, it's easy to assume you can do that online. It's not safe in that they may not be who they say they are and you know nothing about them apart from the conversation you've had online - which is a very small part of their lives and the person they may be.\" The survey also indicated: * 25% of teenagers admitted they were addicted to social media. * 25% wished they could give up social media. \"I can't do without my phone.\" says 17-year-old Aisha from Clapton, north London. \"I can't do without checking Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat.\" When we ask Aisha about the prospect of taking her social networks away, the consequences, genuinely, are too hard to bear. Jealousy, loneliness, happiness and stress are all emotions felt by teenagers. \n Answer: More British adolescents consider friends in real life are more important.",
            "output": [
                "According to the survey, which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1e5909f93a48443491c0c3ffb20e438b",
            "input": "Article: When I told my father that I was moving to Des Moines , Iowa , he told me about the only time he had been there . It was in the 1930s, when he was an editor of the literary magazine of Southern Methodist University (SMU) in Dallas , Texas . He also worked as a professor at SMU , and there was a girl student in his class who suffered from a serious back disease . She couldn't afford the operation because her family was poor. Her mother ran a boarding house in Galveston , a seaside town near Houston , Texas . She was cleaning out the attic   one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript  . On its top page were the words , \"By O. Henry\". It was a nice story , and she sent it to her daughter at SMU , who showed it to my father . My father had never read the story before , but it sounded like O. Henry, and he knew that O. Henry had once lived in Houston . So it was possible that the famous author had gone to the beach and stayed in the Galveston Boarding house , and had written the story there and left the manuscript behind by accident. My father visited an O. Henry expert at Columbia University in New York , who authenticated the story as O. Henry's . My father then set out to sell it . Eventually , he found himself in Des Moines , meeting with Gardner Cowles , a top editor at the Des Moines Register . Cowles loved the story and bought it on the spot. My father took the money to the girl . It was just enough for her to have the operation she so desperately needed. My father never told me what the O. Henry story was about . But I doubt that it could have been better than his own story . \n Answer: O. Henry once stayed in Galveston.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following might explain the fact that the Manuscript was found in the attic ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-449eae0b90324330b340f809faa308da",
            "input": "Article: If you are into camping, then Camping World is a store that you would be familiar with. People from all over the US have reported that once they have been to one of the Camping World stores. They usually do not have to go anywhere else as the store meets all their shopping requirements for camping. Camping World opened for business in 1966 and it was an instant success. Today the store has a huge presence both online and offline and has also become one of America's biggest supplier of camping equipment. If you would like to make your purchase online, take a quick cyber visit to their website. You will find every product related to camping each listed under their respective category. Everybody that loves camping has his or her own individual story to tell. Choosing camping equipment is also a somewhat personal exercise and no matter what you have planned, you can probably do with all the suggestions and help from the friendly staff at Camping World to make your camping experience even more special. Even if you were planning your very first camping trip, the wealth of camping knowledge from everyone at Camping World would surely be of great help to any novice .  If any item is camping based or to be used outdoors, then Camping World will have it. If you are planning to build a campfire, then Camping World has got the items to make that happen for you. If you were worried that you will be bitten by insects, then you would be able to choose from a wide range of insect repellents . You name it, and they stock it. It also goes without saying that you will find your multitude of tents to choose from, countless shades of all shapes and sizes, first aid kits and even wireless weather stations. All you need to do is find a perfect camping spot and pay a visit to Camping World and let one of their friendly staff assist you. \n Answer: People can buy all kinds of camping things there.",
            "output": [
                "Why is Camping World so popular in the US?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76f053182fb84a67b42de8ff568d6323",
            "input": "Article: The Internet has become part of teenagers'  life. There's a report on 3 375 students aged from 10 to 18 in seven Chinese cities. It says that 38 percent of them believe they use the Internet often. While most of them get useful information and use the Internet to help in their studies, some are not using _ in a good way. Many are playing online games too much. A few even visit Web sites they should not look at. Bad things can happen if young people spend too much time on the Internet.    In order to help young people use the Internet in a good way, a textbook on good Internet behavior has started to be used in some Shanghai middle schools this term. It uses real examples to teach students all about good ways of using the Internet. It gives useful advice such as it's good to read news or find helpful information to study. Some students also make online friends. But if you are meeting a friend offline, let your parents know.    Teachers and parents all think the book is a very good idea. It will teach students how to be a good person in the online world. It will be a guide for teens to use the Internet and keep students away from bad sites. \n Answer: To visit Web sites they should not look at.",
            "output": [
                "What do most of the students do on the Internet?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1cfaad3f35ef48a08e58c890507fb83c",
            "input": "Article: The character \"duang\" is so new that it does not even exist in the Chinese dictionary. But it has already spread like wildfire online in China, appearing more than 8 million times on China's micro-blog site Weibo, where it spawned a top-trending hashtag that drew 312,000 discussions among 15 ,000 users.  On China's biggest online search engine Baidu,it has been looked up almost 600,000 times.  It's been noticed in the west, too. But what does it mean? \"Everyone's duang-ing and I still don't know what it means! Looks like it's back to school for me,\" said Weibo user Weileiweito.  Another user asked, \"Have you duang-ed today? My mind is full of duang duang duang.''''To duang or not to duang, that is the question,\" wrote user BaiKut automan. \"Duang\"seems to be an example of onomatopoeia ,a word that phonetically imitates a sound.  It all seems to have started with Hong Kong action star Jackie Chan, who in 2004 was featured in a shampoo commercial where he said famously defended his sleek ,  black hair using the 'rhythmical-sounding \"duang\".  The word resurfaced again recently after Chan posted it on his Weibo page. Thousands of users then began to flood Chan's Weibo page with comments, coirung the word in reference to his infamous shampoo appearance. The word appears to have many different meamngs, and there's no perfect translation, but you could use it as an adjective to give emphasis to the word that follows it. A kitten might be \"duang cute\", for example.  Or you might be \"very duang confused\" by this blog. For readers of Chinese characters, the Jackie Chan theme is also. apparent from the quirky way in which the word is written:a combination of Chan's Mandarin names. \n Answer: To ask his fans to flood his Weibo page.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jackie Chan use the word \"duang\"in 2004?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6c3d10fb7fbe4d6bb19ad8bf0cd6bec6",
            "input": "Article: The US recession   has opened up the biggest gap between male and female unemployment rates since records began in 1948, as men bear the blow of the economy's decline.   Men have lost almost 80% of the 5.1 million jobs since the recession started, pushing the male unemployment rate to 8.8%. The female jobless rate has hit 7%.   This is a dramatic change of the trend over the past few years, where the rates of male and female unemployment barely differed, at about 5%. It also means that women could soon overtake men as the majority of the prefix = st1 /USlabour force.   Men have been badly hurt because they dominate those industries that have been affected: 9 in every 10 construction workers are male, as are 7 in every 10 manufacturing workers. These two sectors   alone have lost almost 2.5 million jobs. Women, in contrast, tend to hold more stable jobs and make up 75% of the most unaffected sectors of all: education and healthcare.   \"It protects them a little bit and softens the blow,\" said Francine Blau, a labour market economist at CornellUniversity. \"I think we are going to see this pattern until the recovery.\"   The widening gap between male and female joblessness means many US families are totally reliant on the income the woman brings in. Since women earn on average 20% less than men, that is putting extra stress on many households. \n Answer: Compared to the female's, the male jobless rate becomes higher.",
            "output": [
                "What's the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a08e4e84d86a47c4845d3e6688832b40",
            "input": "Article: ON a scale of one to ten, how would you rate your pain? Baymax, the plus-sized white robot, asks the question each time he detects   his patient's pain. Considering that he is hardly like a typical Marvel superhero, how could this robotic caregiver from Big Hero 6 have stolen viewers' hearts and taken home this year's best animation Oscar? Set in fictional San Fransokyo, the film follows Hiro, a 14-year-old robotics genius  . After his brother dies, he goes on a journey to save his city from an evil masked man with his brother's invention, Baymax. Baymax was named \"Disney's most straightforwardly adorable   character\" in years by The Telegraph. He has a pure white pear-shaped body and stumpy elephant legs. And his eyes -just two black dots with a line through them - can blink   quickly or slowly. Baymax's physical appearance \"works with his personality because he's purely good and naive  ,\" co-director Don Hall told The Hollywood Reporter. Sometimes Baymax is awkward. Moving in tight spaces gets challenging with his potbelly  . And when his batteries run low, he behaves like an amusing drunk. \"This means that he is not at all intimidating   and is easy to like,\" commented The Straits Times in Singapore. Baymax is a comforting friend, the kind that perhaps everyone needs. After he diagnoses   Hiro with feeling sorrow, he says: \"Physical comfort helps too,\" and pulls Hiro into a hug. He pats his head, saying: \"There, there.\" The team's car crashes into the water at one point, and they have to walk shivering   back home. Baymax notices that everyone's body temperatures are low, so he turns on his internal heaters. Everyone cuddles   up with him. \"This is like spooning   with a warm marshmallow  ,\" says Fred, one of the characters. One minute, he is used as a bouncy castle  , and the next he transforms into a superhero. To fight against the villain, Hiro upgrades Baymax so that the robot can attack and fly. The robot has a hard time figuring out these new skills, but after he realizes that Hiro is happy with his improvement, he immediately becomes an expert. \"The treatment is working,\"he says. Tencent Entertainment calls the amazing Baymax a \"perfect companion\".\"He is quiet, clumsy, and adorable. But at important times, he steps up and stops at nothing to protect his friends from harm, even if it means that he has to sacrifice his life. This is an idealized   relationship in harsh reality,\" the site commented. \n Answer: He advises him to go for a walk.",
            "output": [
                "What does Baymax do when he discovers Hiro is sad?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b028b3babc824bba8e94454b876f08cd",
            "input": "Article: Tired of Working in Your Country ? With over 500 instructors and 20 years of experience , we are the leader in the field of teaching foreign language . We now have positions open in Osaka for instructors of English ,German ,Spanish and French . Teach many different kinds of classes using the latest technology in small classes of up 3 students Accommodation and other necessary document will be ready before you leave. Excellent teacher training programs.  If you are young with a university degree and are willing to experience different culture , apply now . Experience in teaching is an advantage but not specially required . Knowledge of the Japanese language is not necessary but good English skills and computer knowledge are basic requirements. Apply with C.V. and send letters to NOVA France , Mr, Sampy (IHT 3/2) 34,BD. Haussmannn, 75009 Paris ,France Fax: 33348034804 Or visit our website :www.teachjp.com The manager expects to meet and talk successful applicant in Paris in June and July. \n Answer: To hire language teachers to work in Japan",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-65b90d7acd2e4e359488b90de5453c81",
            "input": "Article: There was a rich merchant who had 4 wives. He loved the 4th wife the most and adorned her with rich robes and treated her to delicacies. He took great care of her and gave her nothing but the best.  He also loved the 3rd wife very much. He's very proud of her and always wanted to show her off to his friends. However, the merchant is always in great fear that she might run away with some other men.  He too, loved his 2nd wife. She is a very considerate person, always patient and in fact is the merchant's confidante. When the merchant faced some problems, he always turned to his 2nd wife and she would always help him out and tide him through difficult times.  Now, the merchant's 1st wife is a very loyal partner and has made great contributions in maintaining his wealth and business as well as taking care of the household. However, the merchant did not love the first wife and although she loved him deeply, he hardly took notice of her.  One day, the merchant fell ill. Before long, he knew that he was going to die soon. He thought of his luxurious life and told himself, \"Now I have 4 wives with me. But when I die, I'll be alone. How lonely I'll be!\"  Thus, he asked the 4th wife, \"I loved you most, endowed you with the finest clothing and showered great care over you. Now that I'm dying, will you follow me and keep me company?\"  \"No way!\" replied the 4th wife and she turned away without another word.  The answer cut like a sharp knife right into the merchant's heart. The sad merchant then asked the 3rd wife, \"I have loved you so much for all my life. Now that I'm dying, will you follow me and keep me company?\" \"No!\" replied the 3rd wife. \"Life is so good over here! I'm going to remarry when you die!\" The merchant's heart sank and turned cold.  He then asked the 2nd wife, \"I've always turned to you for help and you've always helped me out. Now I need your help again. When I die, will you follow me and keep me company?\"  \"I'm sorry, I can't help you out this time!\" replied the 2nd wife. \"At the very most, I can only send you to your grave.\" The answer came like a bolt of thunder and the merchant was devastated.  Then a voice called out: \"I'll leave with you. I'll follow you no matter where you go.\" The merchant looked up and there was his first wife. She was so skinny, almost like she suffered from malnutrition. Greatly grieved, the merchant said, \"I should have taken much better care of you while I could have!\"  Actually, we all have 4 wives in our lives. The 4th wife is our body. No matter how much time and effort we lavish in making it look good, it'll leave us when we die.  Our 3rd wife is our possessions, status and wealth. When we die, they all go to others.  The 2nd wife is our family and friends. No matter how close they had been there for us when we're alive, the furthest they can stay by us is up to the grave.  The 1st wife is in fact our soul, often neglected in our pursuit of material, wealth and sensual pleasure.  Guess what? It is actually the only thing that follows us wherever we go. Perhaps it's a good idea to cultivate and strengthen it now rather than to wait until we're on our deathbed to lament. \n Answer: The 4th wife.",
            "output": [
                "Which wife did the merchant love most?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-278a6e3a855541999bc7096a8c2ae873",
            "input": "Article: Make new friends, but keep the old. One is silver, and the other gold. This song expresses a nice rule: increasing friends. Sometimes things actually work out that way. I've met adults who've said, \"We've been friends since kindergarten!\" A friend who has known you forever is a treasure. But friendships don't always last -- especially for children. When I was growing up, my family moved about every three years. The advantage of this was that I got to see different parts of the world, and it made my family very close. I also learned to be pretty good at making new friends, and, to keep in touch with old friends, I became a great letter writer. But I always admired those kids who stayed in one place and kept their friends for a long time. I didn't learn that children's friendships can disappear even when no one moves until I was much older, with children of my own. Sometimes friendships end in quarrels and hurt feelings. But perhaps the most painful end to a friendship is the one-sided rejection -- one friend turns away, or chooses someone else as a close friend, and the other child is left feeling sad and wondering why this thing happened. The end of a friendship is often sad, but it's not necessarily a bad thing. Often the end of one friendship makes more room for other friendships to grow. \n Answer: Old friends are as important as new ones.",
            "output": [
                "What does the children's song really mean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-98c979c5b92e44468ea74d325f0634a4",
            "input": "Article: \"A Long Walk Home\"-----life as Eli Reed saw it American photographer and photojournalist Eli Reed has been documenting \"life as I saw it\" for more than 40 years. His career retrospective , \"Eli Reed: A Long Walk Home\", is an extraordinary search of beauty while recording hardship. With a heart of love, Reed uses a style that uncovers humanity at every turn. According to Reed, \"A Long Walk Home\" is about what it means to be a human being. It all began with a photo he took of his mother and his memory of her smile. Raised in New Jersey, reed was originally a painter. Primarily self-taught in photography, he became a freelance photographer in 1970. after producing some impressive photos that drew much attention, he joined the famous company Magnum Photos---the first black photographer invited to do so. His photos are remarkable in their lack of judgment of the people or the situations he comes across. In Beirut, Lebanon, a man removes a tree branch from a car in a recently bombed parking lot. An old man wrapped in a sheet plays a drum in front of a sign reading \"God Is the Way\" while National Guardsmen lift their guns during a war in Miami. A young boy upside down with his legs in the air in a Kenyan refugee camp, his determined look faces the camera. In Harlem, New York, a group of laughing children take over an abandoned car, using it as a jungle gym. Where another photographer might have focused on the _ of these situations. Reed's camera smiles. His images show how humans cope, rise above, and carry on. This is what gives \" A Long Walk Home\" its power. Considering the places Reed has been to, there are very few photos of guns or obvious violence. Instead, Reed  focuses on the varied human responses to hardship. We smile along with Reed in a gesture of compassion and solidarity. We recognize our fellow human beings. \n Answer: To search for the meaning of life",
            "output": [
                "Why did Eli Reed produce his work \"A Long Walk Home\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2f22249ce674299b96265cd477b2d75",
            "input": "Article: Armed only with iPhones, the inventive rock band Atomic Tom has gone viral  by way of the New York subway. The band has scored an Internet hit with the video to the song    \"Take Me Out.\" Singer Luke White says the production was a top-secret operation. \"We didn't tell anyone about this. It was completely top-secret from our family, from our friends, from our label, our management, everybody. So the first time that people saw this video was last Friday when we put it on YouTube,\"explained White. Since uploading the video to YouTube, band members have spent several days refreshing the page to watch the number of hits rise. The video has also made its way around Twitter as many people have shared it with their friends. \"I mean, it still hasn' t quite hit.It' s just kind of blowing our minds right now that we're getting this: ma ny people are fond of it, and they' re sharing it with their friends.We don' t know what it's like really to have something that's viral, so all of this is very new to us.\" said Eric Espiritu, the lead guitarist of the band. White explains how the video came together: \"We did our research with the applications( ) and found applications that worked out really well with the instruments and then we plugged them all into, plugged our phones into mini-battery powered amplifiers  that we put underneath our seats, and we did a lot of, you know, practices, in terms of figuring out what the balance of the sound and like who was overpowering, who was too loud or who was too soft.\"  The idea for the video came from Espiritu's younger brother Benjamin. The younger Espiritu directed the video from his initial concept through the final edit and upload to the Internet.  \"I' ve seen a lot of the music applications come out, and I' ve never actually had the chance to play with them,\"says Ben Espiritu. \"When I started hearing about how they sound and e verything, I thought it might be unique to take it one step further and then create an entire band just performing solely  on the iPhones, and I thought it would be a pretty cool idea.\" Ben says the success of the band' s music video is a credit to the talent and ability of the musicians, but it' s also a sign of the times. \"It really comes down to seeing something different, seeing something unique, and I think that that' s always, in any type of art form, what will speak to people, and I think it does reflect the times that we live in, taking a smart phone and then being able to turn it into an instrument, not only just an instrument, but making it sound really good.\" \n Answer: The people on line",
            "output": [
                "Who first saw the video of the song\"Take Me Out\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9599aaa273fa473e9baf5b4e2c4b3d72",
            "input": "Article: China's famous scientist, the Cloth Shoes Academician Li Xiaowen passed away on January 10th, 2015 in Beijing at the age of 67. Hundreds of thousands of citizens sang high praise for him online, showing their respect to the leading authority in remote sensing field. Following Li Xiaowen's last wish, his family held a simple funeral for him, while many admirers from all over the country came to the funeral for remembrance. Some national leaders including Premier Li Keqiang also sent a wreath. Li was a professor at Beijing Normal University and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research achievements have advanced the development of remote sensing science, and made China one of the leaders in this field. He also received several famous science prizes from China. He published 1,878 essays on his blog since 2007. All his students have thumbed up to Li for his contributions to the development of remote sensing. He was known to everyone in the remote sensing circle, but was impressive on citizens for a photo. In recent years, Professor Li's quiet and self-effacing behavior was recognized through social media. In 2014, a photograph of Academician Li was taken by his student, in which he was attentively making a lecture with shabby clothes, grizzled hair and straggling beard, without socks, and wearing black cloth shoes. He looked like an old villager, rather than a famous scientist. The photo became popular on the Internet and earned him the title of the \"Cloth Shoes Academician.\" His simple plain image, kindness to all his students and dedication to his career are three important features on him. All these are precious to educational and academic community. \"The society is changeable but Academician Li is quiet. He faced all stuff with his characters of quietness and simplicity. It is clear that he has become the 'Teacher Immortal'.\" said Ge Yuejing, a senior leader of Beijing Normal University. \n Answer: He had great achievements while he lived a simple life.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Li Xiaowen popular with citizens?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-146c3a4cccfe4053887cde73aca10b48",
            "input": "Article: Whether you're taking a trip alone or with your family, it's easier to get sick when you're in a new place because your body hasn't had a chance to _ to the food, water, and air in a new environment. Read the following tips on keeping your travel experience as healthy as possible. Safe foods and drinks What foods are safe to eat? Foods that have been boiled are generally safe, as well as fruits and vegetables that have to be peeled before eating. Avoid eating uncooked or undercooked meat. Stay away from foods that require a lot of handling before serving. Drink only bottled water when traveling. If you have to use the tap water, you should boil it first. You can take it with you When you're packing, taking some painkiller and diarrhea medicine is a good idea. It's also a good idea to pack some allergy   medicine even if you don't take it at home, because people sometimes unexpectedly develop allergic reactions in a new environment. Write it all down Before you leave your sweet home, create a medical history form that includes the following information: your name, address, and home phone number as well as a parent's daytime phone number your blood type a list of any ongoing health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, or AIDS a list of current medicines you are taking a list of allergies to medicine, food, insects, and animals the name, address, and phone number of a relative other than your parent It also helps if you have some basic emergency medical knowledge, not only for yourself but also for helping others you may be traveling with. A great way to prepare for your trip is to take a first-aid or basic life support course before you go; if you're traveling with a group, you should know where the first-aid kit is and what's in it. \n Answer: Some travel tips",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b36c380e8705453d81145f3edfdeacc0",
            "input": "Article: Do you have any skiing equipment you no longer need? A ski school in the far north of India could put it to good use. In March we published a photo story about the extraordinary Zsnskar region in northern India,which is cut off from the outside world for more than seven months of the year,and only accessible  via a frozen river.We also included information about the limited use of skiing in the region and the recent creation of the Zanskar Ski School: \"Despite the difficulties of travelling through the region when the snow comes,skiing hasn't traditionally been used as a means of transport by the locals,largely because trees don't grow here, so there is little in the way of raw materials from which to make skis.In 1995, a group of British scientists in the region noticed the lack of skis and one of them returned to set up the Zanskar Ski School in Padam.The school provides lessons for a small fee and rents skis to the local people. Among the benefits that the school hopes to bring are improved education--children often find it difficult to get to school through the deep snow--and the possibility of offering ski tours to tourists in the future.So far,more than 300 local people have received training,and local doctors and policemen regularly borrow skis.\" But what we weren't able to include in the article is that the ski school is always on the look out for old skiing equipment--particularly of a size suitable for children--and, I thought. Now the European ski season is drawing to a close,there might be a few of you out there who have some old equipment you'd like to see go to a good home.If that's the ease you can get in touch with the school via their website www.zanskarski school.org. \n Answer: To ask people to give away their skis to the school",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose in writing the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-672ed0207a3e4111a46a79773575c5e3",
            "input": "Article: Pete Rose,the famous baseball player,whom I have never met,taught me something so valuable that it changed my life.Pete was being interviewed in spring training the year he was about to break Ty Cobb's alltime hits record.One reporter asked, \"Pete,you only need 78 hits to break the record.How many atbats   do you think you'll need to get the 78 hits?\" Without hesitation,Pete said,\"78.\" The reporter yelled back,\"Ah,come on Pete.You don't expect to get 78 hits in 78 atbats,do you?\" Mr. Rose calmly shared his rule in life with all the reporters who were anxiously awaiting his reply.\"Every time I step up to the plate,I expect to get a hit! If I don't expect to get a hit,I have no right to step in the batter's box in the first place! If I go up hoping to get a hit,then I probably don't have a prayer of getting a hit.It is the positive expectation that has gotten me all of the hits in the first place.\" When I thought about Pete Rose's rule and how it was applied to everyday life,I felt a little embarrassed.As a business person,I was hoping to make my sales meet the quotas  .As a father,I was hoping to be a good dad.As a married man,I was hoping to be a good husband.The truth was that I was an adequate salesperson,I was not so bad as a father,and I was an okay husband.I immediately decided that being okay was not enough! I wanted to be a great salesperson,a great father and a great husband.I changed my attitude to one of positive expectation,and the results were amazing.I was fortunate enough to win a few sales trips,I won Coach of the Year in my son's baseball league,and I share a loving relationship with my wife! Thanks,Mr. Rose! \n Answer: He who doesn't want to be a general can't be a good soldier.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following sayings can most appropriately be used to describe Mr. Rose's rule?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a3a85db2574045e99a35d3770c348de5",
            "input": "Article: An old and very rich friend of mine told me he had an unpleasant experience. He went to a famous jewelry shop and asked to be shown some gold necklaces. After examining several minutes, he decided to buy a gold necklace with a precious diamond, and asked if he could pay by cheque  . The assistant said that was quite in order, but the moment my friend signed his name, he was invited into the manager's office. The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone with exactly the same name had given them a worthless cheque not long ago. My friend got very angry when he heard this and said that he would buy a diamond necklace somewhere else. When he got up to go, the manager told him that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay unless he wanted to get into serious trouble. Sure enough, the police arrived soon afterwards. They were polite, too, but explained that a person who had used the same name as his was responsible for a number of recent robberies. Then the police asked my friend to copy out a note which had been used by the thief in a number of stores. The note read, \"I have a gun in my pocket. Ask no question and give me all the money in the drawer.\" Luckily, my friend's handwriting was quite unlike the thief's. He was not only allowed to go without further delay,but also to take the diamond necklace with him. \n Answer: Because a thief had used the same name as his.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the man invited into the manager's office?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-513f85498c0549a4b0891cb0bbe09dc9",
            "input": "Article: Do you sleep well? Some people get off to sleep as soon as the head hits the pillow, but many others are not so lucky.In fact,the lack of quality sleep has become a public health issue around the world.According to the World Association of Sleep Medicine,45 percent of the world's population suffer from sleep problems.One in eight people don't sleep well and are easily woken.7.6 percent sleep less than 3 hours each night.Some even can not fall asleep for several days in a row. As a basic bodily and mental need,sleep is essential for our survival.It helps us to fight diseases,strengthen our memory, perform better in work and school and improve our quality of life.Lack of sleep is known to have a significant negative influence on health,both in the short and long term.Poor sleep has been associated with obesity, weakened immune systems and even some cancers,as well as depression and anxiety. The World Sleep Day, held on the third Friday of March,is an annual celebration of sleep to lighten the burden of sleep problems through better prevention and management of sleep disorders. Unhealthy lifestyle may be the first to blame for sleeplessness.More and more people use cellphones and computers in bed,with many staying up until midnight.Modern technology does make our life convenient,but abuse of it ruins our health.Environmental conditions,such as temperature,noise,light,bed comfort also play an important role in one's ability to get proper sleep.Besides,improper evening diet,like a full or an empty stomach,coffee and alcohol all contribute to sleep problems.Of course,when it comes to causing poor sleep stress from finances,family or work should never be ignored. However, those who suffer from sleep disorders don't necessarily have to continue to do so--most sleep problems can be solved. \n Answer: The majority of the world's population can't sleep well.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from Paragraph 1 ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73ae45f6ccaf4993bc20ccb0215990b0",
            "input": "Article: When people reunite with their loved ones, it's usually a wildly happy moment. But what is their most common response to seeing them again? It may seem strange, but most of the time they break down in tears. Now a group of psychologists from Yale University in the US say they have found the reason why, and that crying tears of joy may well be the body's way of restoring emotional balance. \" _ seem to take place when people are unable to tolerate strong positive emotions, and people who do this seem to recover better from those strong emotions,\" Oriana Aragon, the lead researcher, told The Telegraph. Aragon and her fellow psychologists looked at hundreds of participants' emotional responses to different things, including happy reunions and cute babies. Many participants said they would react in a negative or aggressive way to the positive things -- to cry at happy moments and want to pinch a cute baby's face or even tell them \"I want to eat you up!\" But then researchers found that these people were able to calm down from strong emotions more quickly. \"We want a happy, middle spot. Extreme is not good. It's hard on our bodies,\" Aragon told The Washington Post. There are many other examples of times when people respond to a positive experience with a negative emotional reaction. At an exciting concert, fans scream in horror at their idols. People who have just had a big lottery win are often in floods of tears. \"These findings advance our understanding of how people express and control their emotions, which is importantly related to mental and physical health, the quality of relationship with others, and even how well people work together,\" said Aragon. The psychologists then went further and claimed that the reverse was also true. Strong negative feelings may also bring out positive expressions. For example, people often laugh when they are nervous or they are in a difficult or frightening situation. Also, have you ever seen a character smiling at a time of extreme sadness in a movie? Their acting is not over the top, as reacting with this type of expression is just human nature, said researchers \n Answer: Academic and formal.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words best describes the language style of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c13d9c7571f54eaab907ed34db389211",
            "input": "Article: True to their reputation as leisure-loving gourmets ,the French spend more time sleeping and eating than anyone else among the world's wealthy nations,according to a study published on Monday. The average French person sleeps almost nine hours every night,more than an hour longer than Japanese and Korean,who sleep the least in a survey of 18 members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).Despite their siesta habit,Spaniards rank only third in the poll after Americans,who sleep more than 8.5 hours. And while more and more French people grab a bite at fast-food chains these days or,wolf down a sandwich at their desk,they still spend more than two hour's a day eating. That means their meals are twice as long as those of the average Mexican,who dedicates just over an hour a day to food,the OECD's \"Society at a Glance\" report on work,health and leisure in Asia,Europe and North and South America found.The Japanese,scrimping   on sleep and burdened with long working hours,still manage to spend close to two hours a day eating and drinking,placing them third behind New Zealanders.    Despite the limited amount of time Americans spend eating each day---about an hour and a quarter--U.S.obesity) rates are the highest in the 30 members of OECD.  The Japanese like to spend what remains of their rare free time watching television or listening to the radio.This takes up 47 percent of leisure time in Japan.Norwegians spend the most time at leisure,just over a quarter of their day,while at the low end,Mexicans spend just 16 percent of their time having fun.   The OECD has 30 members.The survey covers only the countries for which appropriate figures were available. \n Answer: Japanese",
            "output": [
                "According to the text,which of the following spends the most time at sleeping and eating?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2cd7200a4e4949af9404ed3811ad2065",
            "input": "Article: The Adventure Guides Program New Member Information for the Adventure Guides Program ( for children aged 4--12) What Is the Adventure Guides Program All about? The objectives of the program are: * Fostering companionship and setting foundation for positive, lifelong relationships between parent and child * Increased understanding of one another * Expanded awareness of spirit, mind and body * Great memories * Fun!!! Parent and Child Will Be Joining... The nationwide affilicated  program sponsored by local YMCA's and part of the National Council of YMCA's A smaller group of families called a \"circle\" What Is the Time Commitment? * Program runs from October to May (ending with the Memorial Day Parade) * One \"circle\" activity per month ( one circle decides on fees and dates) Additional all participant activities (scheduled by Wilton Family Y) --additional fees and registration required. Outing Dates: To Be Announced What Do I Do Now? * Registration is on-going. Registration forms are available online under \"Registration\". * You will be notified by the Wilton Family Y of which \"circle\" you and your child are in and who your \"circle\" leader is. * You will be notified by your \"circle\" leader as to when your first parent/child \"circle\" meeting will take place. Fees: Participant: Full Child or Family member $110.00 / Program member $200.00 Sibling: Full child or Family member $75.00 / Program member $150.00 Adult: Family member FREE / Program member $125.00 Wilton Family Y Contact Information: Geoff Malyszka Teen Director 762-8384 ext.224 E-mail: gmalyszka@wiltonymca. org Kim Murphy Early Childhood Ed. Director762-8384 ext.214 E-mail: kmurphy@wiltonymca. org \n Answer: A \"circle\" activity will be held once a month.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about \"circle\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e7127dc89004cac9eeaa62fe5dfb789",
            "input": "Article: Playing is a serious business for children. In fact, it's what they do best! Ask them why they do it, and kids will probably say, \"Because it's fun!\" But it's much more than that. It's also good for them. Studies show that from birth babies begin learning through playing. They use their five senses to get to know their new world. Touching allows them to discover how different things feel. Brightly color1ed toys and clothing help develop a baby's sense of sight. When small children choose which toy to play with, they begin developing their abilities in deciding something. Children love toys that allow them to use their imagination. Sometimes an empty box is more fun than a high-tech toy. That's because a box can become anything a child imagines it to be. Crayons, paints and Ply-Doha are also good because they allow children to create. Traditional building blocks teach important pre-math skills like problem-solving. Playing doesn't become any less important once children start school.   _  ?    . Kids learn how to share, take turns and play by the rules. \n Answer: Because children make friends through playing.",
            "output": [
                "Why is playing a serious business for children?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c05ca424fbc94d20ba218c7559eacd67",
            "input": "Article: It seems that beauty and women are twins.You are joking? No,I do not.Observe for yourself Ads on fashion TV screens,radio programs,magazines,newspapers,and the streets.Whether they have realized it or not, women are surrounded by a sea of fashion.They are taught to think that without beautiful clothes they will grow old and lose their charm.So who dares to neglect dressing up at the cost of their appearance and youth?     But I do not agree with the opinion that women have to show their beauty through their looks.The richness of their minds proves to be more beautiful and attractive than their looks.A woman who has experienced many troubles and may be called \"aunt\" or \"granny\" can still keep up her beauty if she has such excellent qualities as knowledge,ability,a kind heart,great courage,concern for others,etc.     In addition,old and young,beautiful and ugly are   concept.People who keep a young mind will never feel old.Interested in new things and eager to learn more,they keep up with the tide.Plainly dressed women may have a type of beauty that is pure and real.Reading and learning is the best way to keep one youthful.Good books ale rich soil which can feed the flower of one's heart and looks. \n Answer: Richness of one's mind.",
            "output": [
                "Which is more important to a woman in the author's opinion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-971f4f576b3a4d30962949c36f0f4042",
            "input": "Article: In 1977 , a dead author of detective stories saved the life of a nineteen-month-old baby in a most unusual way. The author was Agatha Christie, a gentle married lady and one of the most successful writers of detective stories in the world. ks5u In June 1977 , a baby girl became seriously ill in Qatar   , near Sandi Arabia  . Doctors were unable to find out the cause of her illness, so she was flown to London and sent to Hammersmith Hospital. A team of doctors hurried to examine the baby only to discover that they, too, were puzzled by the very unusual signs of illness. While they were having a discussion about the baby's illness, a nurse asked to speak to them.  \"Excuse me,\" said Nurse Marsha Maitland, \"but I think the baby is suffering from thallium poisoning  .\" \"What makes you think that?\" Dr. Brown asked. \"Thallium poisoning is very rare.\" \"A few days ago, I was reading a novel called 'A Pale Horse' by Agatha Christie,\" Nurse Maitland explained. \"In the book, somebody uses thallium poison, and all the signs are exactly the same as the baby' s . \" \"You are very careful and you may be right,\" another doctor said. \"we'll carry out some tests and find out whether it' s thallium  or not.\" Tests showed that the baby had indeed been poisoned by thallium. Once they knew the cause of the illness, the doctors were able to give the baby the correct treatment. She soon recovered and was sent back to Qatar. Later on it was proved that the poison might have come from an insecticide  used in Qatar. \n Answer: Nurse Maitland.",
            "output": [
                "Who first suggested the correct cause of the baby's illness?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-114bfb8f39b04651a4f50c0566481d48",
            "input": "Article: Baroness Thatcher, Britain's greatest post-war prime minister, died at the age of 87 after suffering a stroke (a disease related to blood vessels in the brain), her family announced on 8 April 2013. Her son, Sir Mark, and daughter Carol confirmed her death that morning. zxxk Margaret Thatcher, daughter of a businessman and mayor of Grantham, was educated at the local grammar school, and at Oxford, where she got a degree in chemistry, and upon graduation she worked for four years as a research chemist. She then qualified as a lawyer in 1954. As Miss Margaret Roberts, she stood twice in parliamentary   elections for the Conservative Party  , before being elected (after her marriage) to the House of Commons in 1959. When the Conservatives returned to office in June 1970, she was appointed secretary of state for education and science. After the Conservatives lost power in 1974, she was appointed to the Shadow Cabinet  , and was elected leader of the Conservative Party in 1975. Baroness Thatcher became prime minister on 4 May 1979 and went on to earn the nickname \"the Iron Lady\", becoming known for her strong responses to the political and economic crisis, which Thatcher's supporters think are good for Britain, while her opposers argue that her policies destroyed British manufacturing. Lady Thatcher governed Britain from 1979 to 1990. She will go down in history not only as Britain's first female prime minister, but as the woman who changed Britain's economy in addition to being an awesome rival on the international stage. zxxk Lady Thatcher was the only British prime minister to leave behind a set of ideas about the role of the state which other leaders and nations try to copy and apply. \n Answer: 53",
            "output": [
                "How old was Lady Thatcher when she became prime minister?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f84d69f02972460c8e41e2a1aa1fc7f3",
            "input": "Article: I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another  _ because I'm in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those in New York, \"I'm having a dinner party\" means: \"I'm booking a table for 12 at a restaurant and we'll be sharing the cheque evenly  , no matter what you eat.\" In Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. They'll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who don't drink, end up paying even more. But if you try to use the same trick, the hostess will shout: \"Where are you going ?\" And I cannot say I have somewhere to go because everyone knows I have nowhere to go.          But in London, dinner parties are in people's homes. Not only that, the guests are an interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India, Denmark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations. In New York, the mix is less striking. It's like a gathering at Bloomingdatle's, a well-known department store.          For New Yorkers, talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York. But at Mallery's, when I said that I had been to Myanmar recently, people knew where it was, while In New York people would think it was a usual club. \n Answer: People have to pay cash.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer dislike most about dinner parties in New York?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc69a805d47f49278ff5a09d942d9de5",
            "input": "Article: Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills  With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence   , according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. \"Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,\" said Lisa Myron, manager of the children's department. Last November the two groups started \"Dog Day Afternoon\" in the children's department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a \"pawgraphed\" book at the last class. The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager. \n Answer: A special reading program.",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly discussed in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ffa73b4777ca4dac802b3a6fade7155b",
            "input": "Article: Q: On Facebook, my friends are a mix of real-life pals, former classmates, professional colleagues, extended-family members, and ... my mom. Mom is the first to like and comment on everything I post, which is annoying. I tried talking to her about it, but her feelings quickly got hurt, so I backed off. I know I can't block her, but now I don't want to post anything. How do I handle this? A: This is about Facebook, not your mom. The often-shrugged-off truth about social media is that nothing is private. It's easy to forget this, so in a way, you're lucky that your mom is reminding you. Everything you post--comments, likes, photos--is freely available to future friends, employers, lovers etc unless blocked. That said, you can ask Mom again nicely to tone it down. You can also customize your controls so she can't see everything you post. Q: In which situations am I required to make a phone call versus send a text message? A: A text is for information--time, date, news. It's for the stuff you can keep short and sweet. A phone call is for analysis, discussion, opinion, and, if you must, gossip. Q: I'm always on Facebook, so I just send messages to friends through the site. But when should I log off and send an e-mail? A: When you're serious about anything. Think of it as chatting with someone on a bus versus asking her to meet you for coffee. The former is good for casual conversation; the latter is personal and requires attention. Q: For which occasions should I mail paper invitations versus send e-mail ones? (E-cards are free and easy--what's not to love?!) A: Anything important needs a paper invitation. That's your baseline. So ask yourself: \"Do I want people to dress up for this event?\" If the answer is yes, dress up your invitation by making it printed instead of virtual. For more casual events and gatherings, e-card away. Q: Is using emoticons ever inappropriate to express a feeling or make a point in texts or e-mails? A: Emoticons are for fun. Is the message you're writing fun? Use an emoticon. Are you asking for a big favor? Skip it. Is the message to your boss or a colleague? Skip it. Avoid them if you want to be taken seriously about anything. Q: I have a big, happy announcement to share with a lot of people. Is it appropriate to share it on my blog? A: Yes, so you don't have to go cc-ing everyone in an e-mail. Post away. But send a private message to those who should know first. Q: I have a big, sad announcement. What should I do? A: Respect your privacy--and yourself. Pick up the phone and call a trusted friend or family member to let her know, and then ask her to help spread the news offline. \n Answer: Personal privacy is inaccessible online with control customized.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about social media from the first Q and A?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9823d0e0f6a4377ad7b14ea412fcc9f",
            "input": "Article: The largest-ever chariot pit   of relics with carts and horse bones has been discovered in Henan Province. It may lead to the uncovering of chariot pit groups that could be a key to understanding Chinese civilizations that existed more than 2,000 years ago. Experts said the relics are dated more than 300 years earlier than the famous warriors   in Shaanxi Province. What excited the experts were two other projects that located two huge pits with similar features. \"It is absolutely a miracle. These relics indicate that there could be a tomb group in this area, which is likely to be important for China's archaeological   studies,\" said Ma Juncai, a leading relic researcher in the province. In ancient China, carts, sheep, spoons and so on were buried to ensure that dead people had a happy afterlife. The number and quality of the sacrifices indicated the social status of the dead. The custom was carried into the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Qinshihuang's tomb, located near Xi'an, the capital of Shaanxi Province, is accompanied by thousands of wood or clay figures of warriors and horses. The tomb is probably the most well-known. The discovered pit measures 10.4 meters long, 8.4 meters wide and 5 meters deep. It holds 20 carts in different sizes. The smallest one is 1.05 meters long and 1.3 meters wide. Experts think that 40 horses are likely to be found as well. Careful plans need to be made to deal with the demanding uncovering. \"The clay is very weak and a small misstep can destroy the whole project. That's why we need to take every step very carefully to protect these cherished cultural relics,\" Ma said. \n Answer: The history of Chinese civilizations.",
            "output": [
                "What's the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b417e07b42a84e12a65d274d99e91a00",
            "input": "Article: London Underground The world's first subway was built in London in 1863. At the time,the government was looking for a way to reduce traffic problems in the city of London. The poor areas of the city were so crowded with people that it was almost impossible for horse carriages to get through. The city officials were interested in trying to make it possible for workers to live outside of London and travel easily to work each day. If people had a cheap and convenient way that they could depend on to go to and from work, they would relocate their homes outside of the city. This  would  help ease  the pressure of too many people living in the poor parts of London. From these problems,the idea of the London Underground,the first subway system,was born. The plans for building the Underground met with several problems and delays,but the fast track was finally opened in January 1863. A steam train pulled the cars along the fast underground track which was 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) long. About 30,000 people got on the subway the first day. Riders were treated to comfortable seats (standing up while the train was moving was not allowed), and pleasant decorations inside each of the cars. However, the smoke from the engine soon filled the air in the tunnels with ash and soot , as well as chemical gases. Fans had to be put in the tunnels later to keep the air clean enough for people to breathe. Even with its problems,riding in the Underground did . It carried 9 million riders in its first year. \n Answer: It put fans in the tunnels.",
            "output": [
                "How did the London Underground solve the smoke problem?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8c7f2e33acb4547a76f87033d7cb129",
            "input": "Article: Television is a relatively stable advertising medium. In many ways, the television ads today are almost the same to those two decades ago. Most television ads still feature actors, still run 30 or 60 seconds, and still show a product. However, the different medium of the Internet causes unique challenges to advertisers, forcing them to adapt their practices and techniques. In the early days of Internet marketing, online advertisers used banner   and pop-up ads   to attract customers. These techniques reached large audiences, led to many sales leads, and came at a low cost. However, a small number of Internet users began to consider these advertising techniques annoying. Yet because marketing strategies relying heavily on banners and pop-ups produced results, companies invested growing amounts of money into purchasing these ad types. As consumers became more complicated, frustration with these online advertising techniques grew. Independent programmers began to develop tools that blocked banner and pop-up ads. A major development in online marketing came with the introduction of pay-per-click ads. Unlike banner or pop-up ads, which originally required companies to pay every time a website visitor saw an ad, pay-per-click ads allowed companies to pay only when an interested potential customer clicked on an ad. More importantly, however, these ads are not affected by the pop-up and banner blockers. As a result of these advantages and the incredible growth in the use of search engines, which provide excellent places for pay-per-click advertising, a great number of companies began turning to pay-per-click marketing. However, as with the banner and pop-up ads, pay-per-click ads came with their shortcomings. When companies began pouring billions of dollars into this emerging medium, online advertising specialists started to notice the presence of what would later be called click fraud  : representatives of a company with no interest in the product advertised by a competitor click on the competitor's ads simply to increase the marketing cost of the competitor. Click fraud grew so rapidly that marketers sought to diversify   their online positions away from pay-per-click marketing through new mediums. Although pay-per-click advertising remains a common and effective advertising tool, marketers adapted yet again to the changing elements of the Internet by adopting new techniques such as pay-per-performance advertising. As the pace of the Internet's evolution increases, it seems all the more likely that advertising successfully on the Internet will require a strategy that avoids constancy   and welcomes change. \n Answer: Rapid development of the Internet calls for new advertising strategies and mediums.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f7f23d9aaa5345faa137ba0a7f4ef8e7",
            "input": "Article: What does the word\"youth\" mean to you? Many define it as a precious time in their life when they are young ,when fun ,passion,and imagination seem limitless.But for most high school students,youth is a time of determination and willpower for achieving their goals. This is vividly shown in Mark of Youth,a movie that opened on Feb 5.Mark of Uouth tells the story of four Senior 3 students in a top high school in the days leading up to the national cooege entrance examination. Each character represents a differet type of student,ranging from the most mischievous to the most motvated .Like most teenagers ,they enjoy carefree moments and like to talk about their schoolmates.But the rension of the approaching exam,probably their first life-changing event,is common-they must memorize seemingly endless English words and Chinese poems,work through piles of aractice test papers,and improve their scores despite the increasing pressure. But life exists beyond campus.That the college entrance examination is coming up doesn't mean they can escape family changes,such as when one character's parents get divorced or another's father is arrested.Can these four young people handle their problems and eventually make it to their ideal universities despite their on -and -off campus stress? The story is set in Hubei Huanggang Middle School,known for its students'outstanding performances on the big exam.The four students are played by the actors who played in the reality shows Happy Boys and Happy Girls.HongKong actor Alex Fong plays their teacher. Students may look more fashionable in Mark of Youth than in real life,but it is the story about the final year of high school that many viewers relate to. \"The film is very inspiring,\"said Senior 2 student Yao Lingqian,16,from Leshan Foreign Language School in Sichuan proveince.\"A total commitment to hard work ,though it ca be lonely and no fun at all,will leave precious marks on my youth.\" And for Senior 3 student Gao Jing ,the film has given her optiomism.\"The characters taught me that what you score is not the only important thing.The way you approach the exam matters the most,\"said the 17-year-old from Zhenping County No 1 High School in Nanyang,Henan province. \"The film really reflects senior 3students'life.\"Zhang Ping ,a teacher from a senior high school in Qingdao,commented. \n Answer: They want to improve their scores.",
            "output": [
                "Why must the four Senior 3 students memorize seemingly endless English words and Chinese poems?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4fcc7e844dbd40239241861274e1ea3b",
            "input": "Article: The social sciences, as the name shows, are the scientific study of the behavior of human beings, both in groups and individually. There is no past or present information of human beings who were not in groups. The groups may be small, like the family, or large, like a city or nation. But in order to reach complete development, man must be a member of a society. It is true that some individuals are more solitary than others. Some like monks or hermits may decide, for religious or other reasons, to leave their society and live alone. But these are unusual individuals, and even they cannot separate themselves completely from the rest of mankind. A society, then, seems to be the natural environment of mankind. Scholars who study mankind in social organizations are called social scientists.  The human behavior which social scientists study is learned behavior. The behavior of the human body as a living organism is studied by the biologist, the biochemist, or the physician. This behavior of man's physical body is inherited through the genetic development of his species. For example, all physically normal and healthy humans learn to walk as their bodies grow and develop. Social scientists concern themselves with the behavior that man must learn so that he can take his place in a social group. In order to be a functioning member of that group, each member must learn to behave in a way acceptable according to the differences among societies. The social scientists are newcomers to academic studies. By the end of the 19th century, the natural sciences had developed a method, by which they were able to understand the physical world. By using the scientific method, chemists, physicists, and astronauts, for example, learned a great deal about the universe. It seemed reasonable to apply the same method to the study of man's social life. Through this kind of study man may learn to understand himself much better. The scientific method is a way of collecting facts in order to describe an existing situation as correctly and completely as possible. The description must consist only of what can be perceived , analyzed, measured and recorded. Feelings and personal opinions or ideas have no place in scientific description. The fact must be observed and described in such a way that another scientist could repeat the same study and get the same results. \n Answer: They separate themselves from the rest of mankind.",
            "output": [
                "What is TRUE about all human beings?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ba9de251561248478f3402f62ad64f6e",
            "input": "Article: I once thought that outer beauty is the only factor to become a great person.When I was young,I read many kinds of books,most of which described characters who are handsome or beautiful. So I think that being beautiful is the only way to become a success.      As I grew up,the story of my best friend made me realize that outer beauty was not so important to make a person successful.She as so beautiful a girl that every classmate liked to chat with her,but she was very arrogant.In her opinion,she could get all she wanted because of her beauty, but all of her friends left her one by one! Only then did she come to know the importance of the beauty in a person's heart,which changed her attitude and she made friends again.  Turning on TV,we can see many advertisements,most of which seem to give us a feeling that,physical attractiveness is the most important thing.T _ .It is surprising that more and more people,especially girls and women, try it like the first man-made beauty in China, Hao Lulu.It is a common sense that attractive people can easily find work.Most good looking guys,usually get higher scores in the job interviews. But, what is real beauty? I want to say that is inner beauty because those who have beauty in their soul are really beautiful persons.   As is known, the beauty judged with eyes is temporary,so we should concentrate on inner beauty. And if we make the efforts to make our minds beautiful,we'll live a happier life. \n Answer: Because the successful characters in the books she read were attractive.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author want to have a good appearance when she was young?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cb8091a1f072413d849a2fbd5ec60483",
            "input": "Article: Spending beyond one's means is becoming a national problem for Americans.Borrowing has become so easy that it takes great willpower for people to refuse it.\"I received a number of gold MasterCard and gold Visa card offers in the mail during the past two months,\"said one computer engineer at AT &T Bell Laboratories in Chicago.\"I got three of them in one day last week.\"  Lenders are providing easy credit for borrowers.Many banks now offer every borrower a great variety of credit,a service once offered almost only to big companies.Norwest Bank Minneapolis offers lending programs for cars and boats that can cut monthly payments nearly m half .Carmakers,too,are lengthening easier terms.Ford Motor Credit states that 45 % of its recent lendings has been for sixty months,rather than the sixty-six-month period that was usual before.  The total consumer debt in the United States rose 73 percent between 1974 and 1984,as the debt for each man,woman,and child increased from $10,264 to $26,566.Huge debt now is present in our economy at all levels.As a nation,we are more than $7 trillion in debt,and the total keeps increasing astonishingly.  As we have over borrowed,so have we overspent.In late 986,the share of after-tax income that Americans saved sank below 2 percent for a short time,less than half the figure at which we saved only 10 years ago.Americans now are buying from foreigners between about $50 and $100 billion more Mercedes and Toyotas, Paris fashions,and tours to Europe than the Boeing 747s, agriculture machinery , or Kansas wheat that the foreigners bought from America. The country could not produce and pay for all the things it wanted.  To make a long story short, we Americans have serious problems in keeping down spending and keeping up personal savings.It is high time for us American people to learn the basics of long-term money management. \n Answer: Americans have more extra money than before.",
            "output": [
                "According to the author,  what is a main reason for Americans to overspend?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-61393be2e19d466780e4286f5914c0a9",
            "input": "Article: The sun was rising when Daryl's delivery truck reached the highway. This was the best time of day to drive, when the roads were wide open and empty. He felt sure he was going to make it to Los Angeles before midnight. It looked like it was going to be a good day. Then he saw it, a large lump in the middle of the road. Daryl often passed dead animals on the roadside but he knew than this was something different. He slammed on his brakes and the truck screeched to a halt. The lump was a girl. He tried shaking her awake but she wouldn't move, so he picked her up and carried her to the side of the road. At least she wouldn't be run over there. Now she was someone else's problem. He had to make it to Los Angeles by midnight and didn't have time to be a here. He climbed back into his truck but as he looked in his mirror and saw the girl lying still by the side of the road, he knew he couldn't leave her. Daryl put her into his truck and drove to the next town. An hour later he pulled up at the police station. After explaining what had happened, he prepared to leave, only for the policeman to say that he needed to make a report. Daryl knew this would take several hours, but he had no choice. There was no way he'd get to Los Angeles on time now. Three hours later the report was done and the girl had recovered somewhat. She explained that she had fallen on the highway, weak from hunger, but could remember nothing else. She also thanked Daryl for saving her life. Daryl told her that he had been happy to help, but as he got back into his truck he knew his boss wouldn't be. Just as he was about to pull back onto the road, his mother called. \"Have you seen?\" she said, \"A bridge collapsed two hours ago, the one that you drive over on the way to Los Angeles.\" Daryl's blood run cold. If he had been on time, he would have been on that fallen bridge about two hours ago. Daryl realized how lucky he was. \n Answer: Deliver some goods.",
            "output": [
                "What did Daryl plan to do in Los Angeles?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d369b6b9663a4a19a6efa75e73c74b80",
            "input": "Article: It is hard to imagine that such a small country,the size of Indiana with the population of Alaska,tucked in the Himalaya Mountains,accessible only by two airplanes,is the \"Happiest Country'' in the world and has one of the fastest growing GDP'S in the world.This country is Bhutan,\"Land of the Thunder Dragon\",which is located in South Asia and is _ by India,China,and Nepal. Bhutan is the last standing Buddhist Kingdom in the World and,until recently,has preserved much of their culture since the l7th century by avoiding globalization and staying isolated from the world.Internet,television,and western dress were banned from the country up until ten years ago.Over the past ten years globalization has begun to change in Bhutan,but things remain perfectly balanced. Bhutan is the only country in the world that has a 'GNH',which refers to \"Gross National Happiness.''The process of measuring GNH began when Bhutan opened up to globalization.It measures people's quality of life,and makes sure that \"material and spiritual development happen together.\"Bhutan has done an amazing job of finding this balance.Bhutan has continually been ranked as the happiest country in all of Asia,and the eighth Happiest Country in the world according to Business Week.In 2007,Bhutan had the second fastest growing GDP in the world,at the same time as maintaining their environment and cultural identity. In 2008,in Bhutan's first democratic election,28-year-old Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wang Chuck was elected president of Bhutan.He promises to \"maintain a stance  of protection against the worst aspects of globalization,maintaining the 'Gross National Happiness'.\"But Jigme himself is no stranger to globalization.He attended high school at Phillips Academy and university at Wheaton College and then graduated from Oxford. \n Answer: Because it has the second fastest growing GDP in the world.",
            "output": [
                "Why is Bhutan regarded as \"the happiest country\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-37c6a5f8117a4e109bcbde91c610208e",
            "input": "Article: When you first arrive in Oxford, it may take a little while for you to find your way around. Some of the first things our students do when they arrive include finding a bike (most students in Oxford find cycling is the best way to go around), setting up a bank account, getting their computer and mobile phone working, finding their department, getting to know their college and working out the best places to socialize. One of the major events you will experience shortly after \"coming up\" to Oxford is matriculation. Matriculation is held at the University's Sheldonian Theatre and is the ceremony at which you are formally admitted to the university. International students are invited to an orientation day at the start of the academic year. Sessions run throughout the day that will give you practical information about living and studying in the UK and introduce you to other graduate students from all over the world who are starting their studies at Oxford at the same time as you, as well as to current Oxford graduate students and staff who will be able to help and advise you. The day covers topics such as studying and learning in the Oxford system, University services, information on living in Britain and cultural differences, as well as addressing practical issues such as employment, immigration and visas, health and safety. You can choose which talks to attend and at the end of the day there is a social hour so you can meet fellow students. Another good thing to experience early is college dining. Most colleges have a tradition of regular formal hall dinners, which consist of three or four courses, and the atmosphere of an evening out in a nice restaurant. On some of these occasions you can invite people around to your college for dinner and _ . In this way, you can get to know people studying your own and other subjects at the same time as visiting many of the historical college grounds and dining halls. \n Answer: To buy a new mobile phone.",
            "output": [
                "For a newcomer to Oxford, what does he have to do first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f8c4c91b2db4293a6622b68de37e2e7",
            "input": "Article: A group of swimmers has described how a group of dolphins protected them from a group of white sharks  off the coast of New Zealand. The lifeguards were on a training swim when they came across a group of great white sharks before the dolphins raced in to help. The swimmers were surrounded by the dolphins for forty minutes before they were able to make them safety back to the beach. It was an uncomfortable experience as they were circled by a group of white sharks, which came within a couple of meters of them. Lifeguard Rob Howes was in the water with a colleague and his teenage daughter. He said around half a dozen dolphins suddenly appeared and forced them to gather together. The mammals swam in tight circles to create a protective wall between the white sharks and the lifeguards as the great white sharks were under the surface. The swimmers said the dolphins were extremely upset and repeatedly slapped   the water with their tails as if to try to prevent the white sharks from attacking them. It's a day they'll never forget, especially for one who was on her first day as _ They have no doubt that the dolphins acted on purpose to protect them. Researchers have said that they're not surprised. A marine biologist insisted that dolphins, which are considered to be one of the most intelligent mammals, \"like to help the helpless.\" \n Answer: Three.",
            "output": [
                "How many swimmers are attacked by the white sharks?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3782bd1dfc4649bfb0d95e235415a97c",
            "input": "Article: Listed here are four of the thousands of impressive museums around the world. The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao in Bilbao, Spain Built in 1997, the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is one of the newest in the world. It has transformed the industrial city of Bilbao into a travelers' desired destination. The beautiful architecture of the museum has provided a dramatic background for movies and commercials. The Louvre in Paris, France Probably the most famous Louvre also holds the most famous painting in the world, the\"Mona Lisa\"by Leonardo da Vinci. Crowds can be found any day surrounding the small, but mysterious painting of the smiling woman. But, the Louvre is much more than a home to the\"Mona Lisa\". The Louvre is visited by more people each year than any other museum in the world. The Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia, America Just opened in its new downtown location in 2012, the Barnes Foundation is unique in that it is a completely reproduced display from one man's private collection. Dr. Albert C. Barnes started collecting art in the early 20th century and collected, among others, the largest number of original Renoir paintings in the world. The Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy Walking on the marbled floors feels like stepping back in time. The building itself is a beautiful palace-like structure with frescoes decorating the ceilings and walls. Viewers are bowled over  by the works by Botticelli, such as\"The Birth of Venus\". Classic artworks from nearly 1,000 years ago describe religious events of the time. \n Answer: The Louvre.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the most popular?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3a7bfdcd25f04470bee8110a48ad860b",
            "input": "Article: When Chato's barking didn't stir Jerrica Seals, the recently adopted dog tried nibbling on the teenager's leg, to get the girl out of her burning house. No one was hurt. prefix = st1 /Fort Myersfirefighters responded at about 7 a.m. Five people lived in the Garcia home. That was neighbor Janice Hamilton's main concern when she looked out of her window Friday and saw the flames. \"I just threw my pants on to run outside and make sure  _ knew how many people lived there,\"Hamiltonsaid. \"It was scary.\"  \"Seals called me screaming,\" said Leticia Vega, 36, the sister of Seal's boyfriend, Javier Garcia, 23, who owns the home. \"She said the dog woke her up barking, jumped on the bed and bit her on the leg.\"  It is said that Garcia's brother brought Chato home several weeks ago after the animal wandered onto a Lehigh Acres construction site. Since then, Vega said, Chato had been mostly quiet -- until it mattered. \"He doesn't usually bark.\" Vega said. \"He's real friendly.\" According to deputy fire chief Steve Clyatt, possibly the fire started because of an inadequate extension cord used on a window air conditioner. More than half of the home was burned down. There was extensive smoke and water damage in the remainder of the structure. Estimates for repair costs were unavailable. \" _ \" Clyatt said. \n Answer: Family Needs Help Due To House Fire",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-99971bffbbd44bc89acf96dd948b1768",
            "input": "Article: A survey has shown that what you do on a plane can be determined by which nationality is listed on your passport. According to the results of an international passenger survey, Australians are the biggest drinkers on board with 36 percent choosing to down the hatch, compared to 35 percent of Americans and 33 percent of Brits. The Airline Passenger Experience Association(APEX) spoke to around 1,500 people, aged 18 and older, who have travelled by plane at least once during the last three months and were living in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, China, Singapore, Australia and Brazil. The results found Chinese travelers are most likely to nod off once the seat-belt sign switches off. They are also the first to take out their credit card for some in-flight shopping and the biggest fans of gaming. Americans on the other hand like to use their time in the air more productively---- when not drinking---- choosing to work while flying at 35,000 feet. Meanwhile, Brits and Germans are the best at making chat with random strangers----spending 50 percent more time than any other nationality. Comparatively, Brazilians conduct their conversations online via email, messaging apps or social media. Despite plane food having a bad reputation, seven out of ten interviewees said they were happy to eat up on the selection of in-flight snacks and meals. In-flight magazines were also popular with four out of five passengers. The international flyers did however express their desire for better in-flight entertainment. \"The industry has greatly improved the comfort, entertainment and onboard service, and passengers are accepting those improvements\" said Russell Lemieux, APEX executive director. \"At the same time, passengers are demanding more from their air travel experiences which will drive more improvements touching all aspects of the journey. \" he added. \n Answer: The Chinese switch off the seat-belt sign.",
            "output": [
                "What can you probably see in the flight according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-044e0628bb6d461d83522ebee3bb8f4b",
            "input": "Article: Plants have family values, too; it seems, with new research suggesting they can recognize close relatives in order to work together. An ability to tell family from strangers is well known in animals, allowing them to cooperate and share resources, but plants may possess similar social skills, scientists believe. Susan Dudley and Amanda File of McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, report they have demonstrated for the first time that plants can recognize their kin. This suggests that plants, though lacking recognition and memory, are capable of complex social interactions. \"Plants have this kind of hidden but complicated social life,\" Dudley said. The study found plants from the same species of beach-dwelling wildflower grew aggressively alongside unrelated neighbors but were less competitive when they shared soil with their families. Sea rocket, a North American species, showed stronger and healthier root growth when planted in pots with strangers than when raised with relatives from the same maternal  family, the study found. This is an example of kin selection, a behavior common in animals in which closely related individuals take a group approach to succeeding in their environment, the researchers said. Kin selection also applies to competition, because if family members compete less with each other, the group will do better overall. \"Everywhere you look, plants are growing right up next to other plants,\" Dudley said,\" Usually it's a case of each plant for itself. But sometimes those plants are related, and there are benefits to not wasting resources on being competitive, and there is not really a cost to not being competitive as long as your neighbor is also not being competitive.\" Learning and memory appear to be important for kin recognition in animals, but this isn't an option for plants, she noted. Some researchers speculate  that plants communicate through their roots, identifying themselves using tiny chemical signatures specific to each plant's family. \n Answer: Studies find plants can recognize, communicate with relatives.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the message?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-58f0b894887846c9b7fd69732dc9d758",
            "input": "Article: International Robotics Forum   Tokyo Big Sight,Tokyo, Japan, December 4-5 The Robotics Society of Japan (RSJ), to provide opportunities for young robot lovers to learn more about industrial and service robots, is going to hold the International Robotics Forum that will cooperate with this year's International Robot Exhibition. The lectures and explanations throughout the Conference will be given in Japanese but will be interpreted into English at the same time. The Conference will offer a great opportunity for senior high school students from all around the world to communicate with each other through robots. Therefore, we look forward to your active participation. The event will take place two days. On the morning of Day One, Prof. Shinichi Yuta of the Shibaura Institute of Technology will give a lecture on basic mobile robotics and learning through robots. This will be followed by a talk by Mr. Kazuhiko Yokoyama of Yasukawa Electric Corporation who will explain the mechanism and control of robots and also point out the highlights of the International Robot Exhibition. We will prepare a challenge for all the participants. We will send you themes for robot research. You will study them in advance, and on the afternoon of Day One, you will visit the Tokyo International Exhibition Center and investigate real robot. You will be able to experience fun and excitement of advanced robot technologies. On the morning of Day Two, you will present your study and investigation results. On the afternoon of Day Two, as the final event, awards will be given by the RSJ to groups that have given outstanding presentations. We hope that many future robot researchers and engineers will be born today. \n Answer: Senior high school students worldwide.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the Conference intended for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-104daa7ac9ee4cbe8ac15df155332d7e",
            "input": "Article: Below is adapted from an English dictionary. Use the dictionary to answer the following questions. figure / fig@ / noun, verb * noun 1. a number representing a particular amount, especially one given in official information: the trade / sales figures 2. a symbol rather than a word representing one of the numbers between 0 and 9: a six-figure salary 3. (informal) the area of mathematics that deals with adding, multiplying, etc. numbers 4. a person of the type mentioned: Gandhi was both a political and a religious figure in Indian history. 5. the shape of a person seen from a distance or not clearly 6. a person or an animal as shown in art or a story: a wall with five carved figures in it 7. the human shape, considered from the point of view of being attractively thin: doing exercise to improve one's figure 8. a pattern or series of movements performed on ice: figure-skating * be / become a figure of fun: be / become sb. that others laugh at * cut a...figure: sb with a particular appearance: He cut a striking figure in his dinner jacket. * put a figure on sth:  to say the exact price or number of sth. * a fine figure of man / woman: a tall, strong-looking and well-shaped person * figure of speech: a word or phrase used in a different way from its usual meanings in order to create a particular mental image or effect * figurehead: someone who is the head or chief in name only (with no real power or authority) * verb 1. to think or decide that sth. will happen or  is true: I figured that if I took the night train, I could be in Scotland by morning. 2. to be part of a process, situation, etc. especially an important part: My opinion of the matter didn't seem to figure at all. 3. to calculate an amount or the cost of sth: We figured that attendance at 150,000. * figure in: to include (in a sum): Have you figured in the cost of hotel? * figure on: to plan on; to expect sth. to happen: I haven't figured on his getting home so late. * figure out: to work out; understand by thinking: Have you figured out how much the trip will cost? * It / That figures!:  That seems reasonable. \n Answer: He was about to speak but she put a figure on his lips to stop him.",
            "output": [
                "According to the information above, which of the following sentence is not right?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e74cef9b2f004ade85a39079ddf35923",
            "input": "Article: Napoleon Bonaparte died on May 5, 1821, on the island of St. Helena off the coast of Africa. He was 51 years old at the time. When doctors examined Napoleon's body, they said that the former emperor of France had died from cancer of the stomach. That was the cause of death recorded in the official report. However, other doctors disagreed. One doctor who was present during the examination of the body said that Napoleon died of hepatitis. Other historians and medical experts have suggested that Napoleon died of syphilis, tuberculosis, or perhaps malaria. Now, after careful research, a British chemist thinks that Napoleon might have been poisoned -- not by a person, but by his wallpaper. Napoleon was sent to the island of St. Helena in 1815 after he lost the battle of Waterloo. He was a prisoner on the island. Although he had servants to attend to him, he had to live in one small building. St. Helena is a very wet island, so the walls of the building were always covered with mold. Napoleon became ill from spending too much time inside his house. Almost constantly he had a fever, chills, and felt sick to his stomach. He often felt pain in his shoulders and in his side. His skin turned yellow. He got frequent headaches, and he would become dizzy and vomit . None of the medicine that the doctors gave Napoleon seemed to help. They were not sure what was the matter. Finally, Napoleon was too weak to leave the house. One night, while he was sleeping, he went into a coma and died. Many doctors who later reviewed the reports of Napoleon's illness found that the symptoms  did not show a man who suffered from stomach cancer. It seemed obvious that Napoleon had died from some other cause. In 1961, a Swedish doctor examined some of Napoleon's hair and found a high level of arsenic, a chemical poison. Was Napoleon murdered? It is doubtful. Arsenic was used in many types of medicine during Napoleon's time, so he might have taken the arsenic as a cure for his illness. Then, in 1982, Dr. David Jones from England began to look into the mystery and suggested that Napoleon might have breathed in arsenic which was in the air of his house. In the 1700s and 1800s, arsenic was used to make a kind of green paint used on cloth and wallpaper. If the paint was used on a wet wall, the arsenic would go into the air. A person in the room might breathe that air. After studying the wallpaper in the room where Napoleon died, Dr. Jones found high levels of arsenic in the green paint on the walls. \n Answer: He was a prisoner there.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Napoleon live on St. Helena?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-196830439af84c6fb26e579c103304c0",
            "input": "Article: Bicycles for rent could become as common as newspaper stands and mail boxes on prefix = st1 /Germany's street corners if a scheme launched by Deutsche Bahn is successful.   The German rail operator has launched a bicycle-hire scheme designed for simple one-way trips.   \"It's a new concept,\"said Andreas Knie, head of the project.   Users must first register with Call-A-Bike at a cost of 15 euros(US$14.7). With a simple phone call, they can hire one of the many bikes parked outside stations, at a cost of 3 to 5 cents per minute. At the end of their journey, they ring a computer and tell it where the bike is parked.   The bikes are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week.   No one will be breaking speed records with Call-A-Bike bicycles. They weigh in at 25 kilograms, at least double the weight of a normal bicycle, though they do have eight gears .   \"They are pretty heavy, but we don't want people taking them on the train or into the subway,\" Knie said.   They are also designed with parts that do not fit a normal bicycle. Even the screws are irregular and the bike looks so odd that thieves would stand out.   Vandalism and theft have led to the downfall of previous schemes which date back toAmsterdam's 1966\"White Bike\"scheme.   In that short-lived experiment, anti-establishment groups painted bikes white and left them around the Dutch capital.   However, many were taken permanently and repainted, while the police took away others on the basis that ownerless bikes were street rubbish.   Copenhagen, Vienna and Helsinki also have free bike schemes, in which users deposit a coin in Copenhagen's case 20 crowns(US$2.50)--to free a bike from a rack.   \"The advantage these schemes have is ease of use. But because they're so cheap, people tend to hold on to the bikes and then there are none on the streets,\"the person in charge said.   Oslo is also planning a bike-hire system where users will pay a symbolic fee of 50 Norwegian crowns(US$6.50)for unlimited use in the city for a year.   Users will buy an electronic identity card as a key that will register when the bike is parked or taken from a rack. \n Answer: Five.",
            "output": [
                "How many European countries have already launched the free bike schemes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6b19d38ad77d467e88bc3d0c9f87af41",
            "input": "Article: A man and his girlfriend were married. It was a large celebration. All of their friends and family came to see the lovely ceremony and to partake(,) of the festivities and celebrations. All had a wonderful time.  The bride was gorgeous in her white wedding gown and the groom was very dashing in his black tuxedo . Everyone could tell that the love they had for each other was true. A few months later, the wife came to the husband with a proposal, \"I read in a magazine, a while ago, about how we can strengthen our marriage,\" she offered. \"Each of us will write a list of the things that we find a bit annoying with the other person. Then, we can talk about how we can fix them together and make our lives happier together.\" The husband agreed. So each of them went to a separate room in the house and thought of the things that annoyed them about the other. They thought about this question for the rest of the day and wrote down what they came up with. The next morning, at the breakfast table, they decided that they would go over their lists. \"I'll start,\" offered the wife. She took out her list. It had many items on it, enough to fill three pages. In fact, as she started reading the list of the little annoyances, she noticed that tears were starting to appear in her husband's eyes. \"What's wrong?\" she asked. \"Nothing,\" the husband replied, \"keep reading your list.\" The wife continued to read until she had read all three pages to her husband. She neatly placed her list on the table and folded her hands over the top of it. \"Now, you read your list and then we'll talk about the things on both of our lists,\" she said happily. Quietly the husband stated, \"I don't have anything on my list. I think that you are perfect the way that you are. I don't want you to change anything for me. You are lovely and wonderful and I wouldn't want to try and change anything about you.\" The wife, touched by his honesty and the depth of his love for her and his acceptance of her, turned her head and wept. In life, there are enough times when we are disappointed, depressed and annoyed. We don't really have to go looking for them. We have a wonderful world that is full of beauty, light and promise. Why waste time in this world looking for the bad, disappointing or annoying when we can look around us, and see the wondrous  things before us? \n Answer: She wants to strengthen the marriage.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the bride ask her husband to write a list of the annoying things?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1fdaf3c3a76b49e2bb2528f6b7ca8789",
            "input": "Article: Mayor Boris Johnson Monday outlined plans to make London \"the cleanest, greenest city on Earth\" by the 2012 Olympics and called for commitments from other world cities at a climate change conference, leaders of the world' s 40 largest cities are meeting in Seoul this week for a summit on combating global warming -- the third to be held since 2005.     \"What we should do in Seoul is agree that we will stop the endless addiction of mankind to the internal combustion engine  ,\" said Johnson. He said at a press conference the world's cities consume 75 percent of the world's energy and produce 80 percent of the emissions which cause climate change. \"The problem of our planet is an urban problem,\" Johnson said.     He said the British capital wants to use the Olympics \"to drive the greening and the improvement of our city\" and noted that London is committed to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 60 percent by 2025.     Johnson said the key measure was being taken to solve problems relating to housing and commercial buildings, which accounted for 70 percent of carbon dioxide emissions in London. This involved retrofitting  -- installing lagging -- in large numbers of public buildings.     Johnson proclaimed himself a \"passionate cyclist\" and said he would push ahead with cycle superhighways around London.     London's air quality problem, he said, was caused by vehicle emissions from 8,300 worn and used diesel  buses, which could be replaced by low-carbon vehicles. In addition, there were also 32,000 taxis running on diesel fuel, which could be replaced by electric vehicles.     Johnson said there would be a few programs in the next few years to produce a \"cleaner, greener\" bus for the city. \"The age of the diesel bus has got to be over in London.\" \n Answer: London plans to make the cleanest and greenest city on Earth by 2012.",
            "output": [
                "Which would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7933c397595d470886f5e650f3b386d4",
            "input": "Article: A quarrel at home may result in your falling ill. Don't laugh, it's true. Family matters including living habits and even the way we speak have a big effect on our health, doctors say. Wang Xiaoyu, a Senior 2 girl from Xichang, Sichuan Province, fainted   in class when she heard her classmates quarrel at the top of their voices. Quarrels between her parents also put the girl into a _ . It is because she is suffering from depression  , caused by bad relations at home, doctors explained. \"We don't get sick or stay well by ourselves,\" says Dr Robert Ferrer from the US. Ferrer shows that family forces may explain up to a quarter of health problems, in his recent research. The genes you get from your family may cause illness. If one of your parents has a heart attack, your risk of being affected may double. But effects on health are not only written in our DNA. Unrelated people who live under the same roof also get similar problems. Diet, lifestyle and environment affect our health, too. Ferrer's research also found that if teenagers feel they are ignored or unimportant at home they are more likely to get sick. We may never fully understand all the effects that families have on our health. But just as individual   problems can have effects on others, a small improvement can have big benefits, Ferrer said. \n Answer: Because her classmates shouted loudly at her.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can best explain why Wang Xiaoyu fainted in class?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-83239126750b4c6bba2c2453f911ae47",
            "input": "Article: It was dark. As John was walking on his way home, he suddenly found an ugly old man staring at him. The old man said, \"Son, why don't you get a book? It will keep you company.\" John noticed all the books the old man had were related to the super nature  . Trying to act bravely, he found one and the old man said, \"That's an interesting book. It's $25.\" The old man kept staring at John, which almost frightened him. He quickly searched his pockets and found $25.John quickly paid for it. Then the old man called out, \"Whatever happens, don't turn to the last page. Do remember, or you will regret it!\" Reaching home, John heard his parents talking about a strange old book seller that appeared only at night during a full moon and then disappeared. Nervously, he ran straight to his room. At midnight, as he was sound asleep in bed, a blast of cold wind blew in through the window and woke him up. He looked at his table and saw the book. For a while, he was frozen in fear, but he was so curious. Slowly he got out of bed and carefully picked up the book. As he took a look at the last page, he cried out and fainted  . This is what he read on the last page!  Original Price:$10.99  Promotional   Price: $2.99 \n Answer: Frightened.",
            "output": [
                "How did John feel when he saw the old man?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d83738678c2d49a2bb586bad57eb6c6b",
            "input": "Article: Every year in late spring at Wild Friends, the wildlife health center, workers receive baby animals, including songbirds and rabbits. This is the busiest time when workers care for and raise all the little ones before sending them back into the wild. There are many reasons for these little animals' coming to the center. First of all, street cats or dogs catch, injure or take away little birds from their nests. Sometimes people catch baby animals and keep them at home, giving them food that they are not used to. It would make them sick. Most people don't realize that it's against law to get live animals out of their nests. As for songbirds, people often find them on the ground in their yards, thinking they have no other choice but to leave them on the ground to die. This is because many people wrongly believe that once a bird is touched by a person, its mother will not accept this child bird. But that's not true. If a little bird falls out of the nest, you should check whether it is injured. If not, you should put the bird back in the nest. If the bird is injured, call your local wildlife center quickly. As for the progress of protecting wild animals, people at Wild Friends devote all their energy to this work. Over the last weeks, they have been able to send many of the birds and rabbits that came here earlier this spring back to nature. \n Answer: Spring",
            "output": [
                "Which is the busiest season for workers at Wild Friends?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4c9ccb978ccd4999bfd79b6fa3a08e2b",
            "input": "Article: Being able to call on the old boy's network helps you get your foot in the door,but has little impact on your later success.Having good connections does change your possibility of being offered a higher wage when you start working,but has no impact on your eventual wage.Coming from a wealthy background has little impact on lifetime earnings.Over time,brain power soon overtakes ,and intelligence is the factor,which will determine your earnings and success.The speed of your rise through the ranks is determined largely by your own intelligence. The study monitored earnings and promotions over the course of 25 years.Scores were used to assess the SocioEconomic Background(SEB)-wealth and connections-and standard Army intelligence tests used to assess intelligence.The study is sure to infuriate those angered by wealthy groups such as Oxford's upper-crust Bullingdon Club,of which both David Cameron and Borris Johnson were members. Professor Yoav Ganzach says that these findings have a positive message for those,who can't rely on nepotism for their first job.\"Your family can help you start your career and you do get an advantage,but it doesn't help you progress.And once you start working,you can go wherever your abilities take you,\" he says.When intelligence and SEB are pitted directly against once another ,intelligence is a more accurate predictor of future career success,he say. \n Answer: 4.",
            "output": [
                "How many factors which may influence one's career are mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b21aad03386540b8bdbf9353696b7df8",
            "input": "Article: Princess Diaries star Anne Hathaway has announced she is engaged .The actress, 29,confirmed the news after she was photographed wearing a ring while with her boyfriend Adam Shulman in Brooklyn yesterday. Shulman, an actor and jewellery designer, worked with Kwiat Heritage Jewels to create the ring. The pair quietly began dating in November 2008,but weren't pictured together until the following year. \"We hit it off immediately the first time we met each other but it took us a pretty long time to get together,\" she has said of Shulman. \"He thought that I had a boyfriend and I thought that he had a girlfriend, so I thought that I'd better keep my distance because I didn't want to be that girl. She described their union as more mature than her previous experiences, adding, \"Being mature doesn't always make for a good story, but it makes for a good life.\" Speaking about the relationship in the September issue of U.K.s Marie Claire, she said, \"Adam totally ruined my plan. I was really actually looking forward to a little time alone tod then I fell in love like a fool. Her romance with Shulman followed a disastrous relationship with an Italian real estate developer Raffaello Follieri. She split up with him in 2008 when he was arrested on fraud charges and he was later sentenced to four and a half years in prison. The actress, whose film credits also include Brokeback Mountain and One Day, will next star in the new The Dark Knight Rises. She plays Selina Kyle, also known as Catwoman. \n Answer: Three.",
            "output": [
                "How many films Anne Hathaway acted in are mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3c38549fc3c5428988557c04aba885b2",
            "input": "Article: When you were looking for a reliable, honest auto mechanize, how did you find him? Before you went into that restaurant you recently tried, how did you know that it served great good? If you are like most people on the planet, you want to lower your risk of a big ugly surprise so you asked people you trust to refer to a business they trust. Marketers call this friend-to friend recognition of business \"word-of -mouth advertising. When you do a treat job for your customer for a band job, people are going to talk about your business. Unfortunately, because we humans seem to feel negative emotions more intensively than positive ones, there're more likely to tell more of our friends about bad experiences with busyness than positive ones. Understand this: customer believes their own experience. You can't make them believed that your company is wonderful when they felt they were treated badly. So, to get positive word-of-mouth going for your business in this service- based economy, you've got to do a really outstanding job for everyone, exactly. And when you do, you build a great reputation. That takes time. But it forms a close link with your customers in a way that no advertising and no promotional coupon ever could. The good news is that because there are so many different businesses chasing after your customers' money, people want to know whom they can trust. So people are going to be talking about you. Create a free sales force for your business - an army of delighted customers who tell everyone that they know how good your company is to do business with. That's great antidote to  _ . \n Answer: A good name will bring you money.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main topic of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-427ee54927ec4f109ba3e2d9f90e39d7",
            "input": "Article: When you don't have anything planned for the day or it's rainy outside and your children are stuck in the house, why not sit around and tell them riddles? Telling riddles will make your family laugh and sometimes even scratch their heads, trying to figure out what the answer is. Riddles have been a pastime for centuries. Not only have riddles been something for passing the time, but they have also been used to pass on secret information during the Second World War. Even the ancient Greeks used riddles. They would tell riddles at parties and whoever was the first to get them right would receive prize. Most riddles use words that have double meanings or share the same sound like \"hear\" and \"here\". So in order to get the riddle, you will have to do some creative thinking and think of all the possibilities of different words. The difficulty of figuring out the riddle is based on the riddle itself. The riddle has to provide you with enough clues to come to the right answer, but that doesn't mean that the clues have to be easy. If you are looking to tell riddles but don't know any, you can look online and you will find a large number of sites that will have hundreds of different riddles to choose from. If you would like to look somewhere else then you could look at your local bookstore, where you will be able to find many different books with thousands of riddles to choose from. You can even find websites and books that will tell you how to write your own riddles. After you have found some resources that have different riddles, you will need to read through them to find the right ones for you and your family: You will also need to make sure that your kids will have a chance to figure out the answers. So take your time and choose the right family riddles to tell. \n Answer: To recommend an interesting family activity.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's main purpose in writing the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0c916c3b289349a1bcdf225e60e4f4ed",
            "input": "Article: Laws to stop tigers, camels, zebras and snakes being used as performing animals in circuses have been announced by the government. The environment minister, Jim Paice, hoped the laws would be brought in before the end of the parliament in 2015, which is the main law-making institution of the UK. At present between 35 and 50 wild animals are thought to be used by circuses in England and Defra offered to help find new homes for the retired performers. The announcement follows a campaign by animal charity organization for the ban  , which became worse when a video appeared last year of a circus elephant being beaten by a worker. Campaigners were angry when Paice previously announced tougher licensing instead. Circus Mondao, whose website shows zebra and camels, said it would probably challenge the suggested ban. The circus is a member of the European Circus Association, which previously challenged Austria's ban, saying there was no scientific evidence   that the animals were harmed by the travelling or conditions. On its website, Mondao says that when it travels animals are the last to be loaded and the first to be unloaded; they are moved to tents within an hour of arriving, and are usually moved 20-50 miles. Animal charities welcomed the move, but called for ministers to speed up the laws. Asked why circuses would be banned from keeping wild animals but not domestic animals such as horses, a Defra spokesman said a key difference was that domesticated animals were more used to conditions such as travelling. \"Wild animals aren't domesticated: we feel it's not right ethically   for wild animals to perform,\" he said. \n Answer: The environment minister expected to introduce the law during the present parliament.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8216bb2ffefc45c7b9667c6798daaeaf",
            "input": "Article: The New Year is the time to buy a new calendar . Yet it can take a lot of time just to choose the right one. There are lots and lots of choices. There are small ones. Big ones. Calendars sit on a desk. Calendars hang on the wall. Calendars are carried around. In one way all calendars are the same. They all list the same days of the year in exactly the same order.  Calendars have become popular gifts because many are filled with beautiful pictures. Some have pictures of famous art works. It is like hanging a different painting on your wall each month. You can even learn from calendars. They often give information about their subject--such as famous writers or American Indians or flower gardens.  There are calendars about food and about beautiful places in the world. Calendars about sports and about movies. Funny calendars with popular cartoon characters. For pet lovers, there are calendars with pictures of cats doing unusual things. Three hundred sixty-five of them--one for each day of the year. There are calendars with pictures of cars, too. There are even calendars for children who can draw the pictures themselves.  Some people do not just look at their calendars. They use them to write down important things they must remember, like meetings or doctor's appointments. Busy people can buy small calendars to carry around to help them organize and plan their life.  Since there are so many choices, you must spend your time choosing your favourite calendars. \n Answer: Because they show the day in the same order.",
            "output": [
                "Why are the calendars the same?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9e95a658d4e84187b37b0a509302ef0f",
            "input": "Article: Its often interesting to take a look at some of the lists that arrive toward the end of the year such as top devices, best gadgets, most desirable high-tech gift and more. Apart from cell phones and tablets, and Apple and Samsung products, this year many other gadgets made it on the most wanted list from Yahoo Tech and the most searched list from Bing. com. Read on to find out what they are. Wireless headphone Portable Bluetooth headphones represent the next evolution in headphone technology. If you have a compatible smartphone with Bluetooth, the obvious benefit is that you can get rid of the wires snaking from your backpack or pocket. Many of the wireless headphones in the market also have a built-in microphone for taking calls hands-free. Product to buy: Beats Studio Wireless Features:  Signature look, and powerful audio performance with intense bass and high-mid boosting, plus plenty of accessories. Price:   1898 yuan Smartwatch The primary advantage of a smartwatch over traditional watches is that they reduce how often you have to pull your phone out of your pocket. With it, the information on your smartphone goes straight to your wrist, and you can decide first if they are worth dealing with. Product to buy:   Pebble smartwatch Features:   Understated design, with easy setup and instant information, and customizable watch faces, plus synes with Android or IOS. Price:  $99 (about 612 yuan) Portable Bluetooth speaker Bluetooth speakers are steadily growing in popularity because they let you take the party anywhere. They can be paired with your music device, and they are able to withstand incidental bumps. Though small in size, Bluetooth speakers provide a steady soundtrack for even the lengthiest bacchanalia  .  Product to buy:  Logitech UE Boom Features:  Water and stain resistant, 360-degree sound, 15 hour battery life, with a variety of color patterns. Price:  1499 yuan Fitness band Basically, fitness bands are smartwatches without the watch. They keep track of your exercise progress and, at the same time, allow you to monitor vitals such as your heart rate, calories burned and amount of time spent exercising. Some even monitor your sleep patterns. Product to buy:   Fitbit Flex Features:  Long battery life (five days), with silent vibrating alarm, and wireless syncing to smartphones. Price:   898 yuan \n Answer: 3397 yuan",
            "output": [
                "How much money is he likely to spend on some of the products if a man is an enthusiastic musical fan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2fd21974bb1b43be88e626027dc8d89f",
            "input": "Article: Looking out of the window, my son saw a tree whose branches were strongly swaying back and forth. \"How does the tree move its branches like that?\" He asked. Without rising from my chair, nor looking up from my book, I started to answer, \"The tree is not moving the branches, son. The wind is...\" But before the words were out, I _ myself. Instead I rose from my chair and moved to the window to join my son. I looked at the tree. From inside our room, from behind the window, I could neither feel nor hear the wind. I saw instead a tree with its branches silently moving and thought to myself, from inside this room, how could I possibly be sure that the branches were moving because of the wind rather than from the tree's own willing? As I stood there with my son watching the tree, I became struck by the movement of the branches, the shimmer of the leaves. My mind quieted and I became less sure myself of what was causing the branches to move. Was it the wind, or was it some expressive, independent movement of the tree? \"I see what you mean,\" I said to my son. \"The movement of the tree is very beautiful.\" \"Do you think the tree is dancing?\" asked my son. \"Why would it be dancing?\" I asked. \"Maybe it is happy because the sun is shining,\" he said. \"Perhaps,\" I said. \"Or because it's spring,\" he added, \"and it's not cold any more.\" \"Perhaps,\" I said. As we continued to watch the tree together, I, too, began to appreciate the dance of the tree. I enjoyed the movement and sway of the branches, seeing little nuances  that I hadn't noticed before. There seemed to be a rhythm to the movement, first strong and forceful, then light and gentle, then more vigorous, sometimes nearly violent. \"Are trees alive?\" my son asked. \"Yes, they are alive. Why do you ask?\" \"Because this tree looks happy,\" he answered. \"Can a tree be happy or sad?\" \"What do you mean?\" I asked. \"In the winter, trees seem sad,\" he said. \"Their branches hang down, and they look cold and lonely. But now with the leaves on the tree and the sun shining and the birds flying, it looks happy.\" \n Answer: The wind did so.",
            "output": [
                "What on earth caused the tree to move?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3c493c75c293465d851e21f8bd955e97",
            "input": "Article: Nicholas Winton,a British saved 669 children from the Nazis,was awarded the highest civilian honour in the Czech Republic on Tuesday. Winton,now 105,was presented with the Order of the White Lion by the Czech president in a special ceremony at Prague Castle. Winton,who has often been nicknamed \"the British Schindler\",organised the transportation and settlement of 669 children over nine months before the Second World War broke out in September 1939.Most of those he saved were Jewish children living in then-German occupied Czechoslovakia whose families were later imprisoned or murdered in concentration camps. Winton gave a speech during the ceremony.He said,\"I want to thank you all for this enormous expression of thanks for something which happened to me a long time ago.I am delighted that so many of the children are still about and are here to thank me.England was the only country at that time willing to accept unaccompanied _ .I thank the British people for making room to accept them,and of course the enormous help given by so many of the Czechs who were at that time doing what they could to fight the Germans and to try to get the children out.'' In the same ceremony,the Order of the White Lion was also presented to his grandson Nicholas Soames in honor of Sir Winston Churchill.They are the only British citizens to receive the award,after Margaret Thatcher and the Queen.Presenting the award,the Czech President,Milos Zeman said.\"It is a great pleasure to present this award to two great personalities of the UK.I am only ashamed it has been awarded so late--but better late than never.\" \n Answer: Because he rescued 669 children before the Second World War.",
            "output": [
                "Why has Winton been called\" the British Schindler\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b74c5ed74e804e0dae42cd9addc30b41",
            "input": "Article: It's hard to be the bearer of bad news,but most of IKEA's print and digital fascinating shots of picturesque rooms and products are fake.Those beautiful,\"natural-looking\" photos of gorgeous rooms and kitchens are mostly the work of computer magic,adjusted and corrected until they're picture-perfect. Martin Enthed,IT manager for IKEA's in-house communications agency,revealed,\"In 2012,12 per cent of its product and concept images was CGI-rendered,increasing to 25 per cent in 2013.Since then,that percentage of rendered images appearing in the company's catalogue and online has tripled.75 per cent of the furniture company's product images today are created by computers.\" It's a move that first caught the attention of photographers and graphic designers a few years back when the furniture giant announced it would cancel photoshoots in favor of computer-generated imagery(CGI). Enthed said IKEA began shifting equipment in 2009 when company officials called in his team and said they weren't pleased with some previous photos and CG images. \"So we looked at all the images they said weren't good and the two of three they said were great,and the ones they didn't like were photography and the good ones were all CG,\"Enthed said.\"Now we only talk about a good or bad image - not what technique created it.\" It's a not-so-secret strategy used by top companies specializing in home and furniture design,though many consumers remain oblivious. The company claims the shift is another way to reduce its environmental footprint,saying constructing digital files produces less waste.It also helps the home furnishing empire's pocketbooks. \n Answer: Company officials' reaction to works.",
            "output": [
                "What directly led IKEA to adopt CGI on a larger scale?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eb99cea366ca453bad8d120b91dddf0b",
            "input": "Article: Japanese couples, too busy for a normal social life, are increasingly turning to actors to play their friends on the most important days of their lives. Several agencies have sprung up offering actors to attend weddings or even funerals.The first guest-for-hire company was established about nine years ago and around 10 agencies now send out dozens of pretend friends to family events. Agencies such as Hagemashi Tai, which means \"I want to cheer you up\", charge around PS100 for each \"guest\". Other services such as giving a speech in praise of a bride or the groom cost extra. The appearance of the small fake friends industry has been linked to social and economic changes in Japan.With lifetime employment  a thing of the past, couples feel uncomfortable about inviting work colleagues to their wedding.Increasingly busy and put upon, many Japanese surround themselves with only a very small circle of friends. When they marry, however, they are under pressure to match the number of their new partner's wedding guests. Office Agents, the largest provider of pretend friends, makes sure that its employees have done their homework and know all about the bride or groom before the wedding. Hiroshi Mizutani, the company's founder, said the fake friends he provides must look happy, be well dressed and look like people with good jobs. \n Answer: Because of social and economic changes",
            "output": [
                "Why did fake friends industry come into being in Japan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5fda21f3ca07436ebad4629e930f42cf",
            "input": "Article: When a caterpillar   feeds on a tomato leaf , the plant moves rapidly to meet with a defensive response , systematically releasing \" proteinase inhibitors \" -- proteins that interfere   with the caterpillar's digestion -- throughout the plant , especially in the leaves .  But how does the message get from the wounded leaf to the rest of the plant ?        Most scientists believed the alarm was spread by chemical messengers until a team of researchers headed by David Weldon-- a biologist at the University of East Anglia in Norwich , England -- made a shocking discovery .  An injured leaf , the researchers found , sends an electrical signal to warn neighboring leaves of upcoming danger . It's a \" terribly tiny current \" driven by an electrical potential difference of only 20 millvolts   , says Weldon , who measured the voltage after electrodes were attached to the plant's surface .          \" Right now , all we can say is that there is a correlation , \" Weldon notes . \" If you wound the plant , you'll see an electrical signal accompanied by a biochemical response . \" To learn more about the reaction , Weldon's team plans to insert electrodes within the pant tissue ( rather than on the surface ) to determine what's going on at the cellular level . The findings may help explain other mysteries surrounding plants . For example , many plants start to flower in springtime , as days grow longer , but plants sense the change in the day length through their leaves , while flowers begin to bloom at the buds   .  \" There must be a signal from the leaf to the growing points , \" Weldon says . \" So far , no one has come up with a convincing chemical mechanism . Maybe an electrical signal is involved . \" \n Answer: They cure diseases by changing chemicals",
            "output": [
                "What is the function of the \" proteinase inhibitors \" in tomato plants ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c463d3fd15a04b8781c357ccae5746b6",
            "input": "Article: I remember my math teacher Mr.Young very well. He stood out because the kids made fun of him. He was missing one of his fingers, and always pointed at students with his middle finger. I was not very good at English and math. No matter how hard I tried, I just could not figure out why I did not understand what all the other kids found so easy to learn. One day, I was told that if I got one more E on my report card, I would be taken to the \"big prison for kids\". I tried really hard for weeks. I just couldn't understand how to make different parts of members into whole things. The day before report cards were to come out, I knew that Mr.Young would give me an E, just like he always did. I went to Mr. Young and told him that the orphanage   was going to send me to the big prison if I got another E on my report card. He told me there was nothing he could do; it would be unfair to the other kids if he gave me a better grade than I had actually earned. I smiled at him and said, \"Mr.Young, do you know how the kids make fun of you because you're missing your finger?\" He looked at me, moved his mouth to one side and said nothing. \"They shouldn't do that to you because you can't help not having a finger, Mr.Young.Just like I can't help not being able to learn numbers and stuff like that.\" I said. The next day, when I got my report card, I tucked it into one of my books. While on the school bus, I opened it: Geography, B+; Mechanical Drawing, C-; English, D-; History, C-; Gym, B+; Art, C; Math, D-. That math grade was the most favorite one I ever received, because I knew that someone in the world finally understood what it was like for me to be missing a finger inside my head. \n Answer: In an orphanage.",
            "output": [
                "Where may the boy live according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-650e98d4d3234a2385be1a943f1bd64f",
            "input": "Article: An 18-year-old student was struggling to pay his fees. Not knowing where to get the money, he and a friend decided to host a musical concert to raise money for their education. They went to the great pianist Paderewski. His manager demanded $2,000 for the piano recital . A deal was made and the boys began to work to make the concert a success. The big day arrived. But unfortunately, they hadn't managed to sell enough tickets. The total collection was only $1,600. Disappointed, they went to Paderewski and gave him the entire $1,600, and promised to pay him the rest $400 back as soon as possible. \"No,\" said Paderewski. \"Keep the money you need for your fees. And just give me whatever is left.\" The boys were surprised, and very thankful. Paderewski later became the Prime Minister of Poland, and he was a great leader. When the World War broke out, more than l.5 million people went hungry, but there was no food to feed them. Paderewski turned to the US Food and Relief Administration for help. The head there was a man called Herbert Hoover -- who later became the US President. Hoover agreed to help and quickly shipped tons of food to Poland. Paderewski decided to go across to thank Hoover himself. When Paderewski began to thank Hoover for his kindness, Hoover quickly stopped him and said, \"You shouldn't be thanking me, Mr. Prime Minister. You may not remember this, but several years ago, you helped two young students go through college. I was one of them.\" \n Answer: To hold a musical concert.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the two students decide to raise money?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e52547980c454c2d8b70f1fd0e478731",
            "input": "Article: Steve Flaig of Grand Rapids, Michigan, knew he'd been adopted as a baby, and when he turned 18, in 2003, he decided he'd try to track down his birth mother. The agency from which he'd been adopted gave him his mother's name: Christine Tallady. But online searches didn't turn up any results, and Flaig let it go. In 2007, though, he searched for the name again online. This time, the search results included a home address near the Lowe's store where Flaig, then 22, worked as a deliveryman.When he mentioned the coincidence to his boss, his boss said, \" You mean Chris Tallady, who works here?\" Flaig and Tallady, 45, a cashier, had said hi to each other a few times at thestore, but they'd never really talked. He hadn't even known her name. Flaig thought, \" There's no possible way she's my mother.\" For a few months, Flaig avoided Tallady. \" I wasn't sure how to approach her,\" he told a local reporter. Finally, an adoption agency employee volunteered to call Tallady for him. When Tallady realized that the nice guy she'd been waving at was her son, she _ . \" I wasn't ready to be a mother at that time.\" She'd given him up for adoption in 1985, when she was 23. However, she'd always hoped to meet her birth son one day. Later that day, mother and son talked for almost three hours at a nearbybar. Married with two other children, Tallady said, \"I have a complete family now.\" \n Answer: He worked as a deliveryman.",
            "output": [
                "What did Steve Flaig do in the Lowe's store in 2007?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-38003c46754f4b71867ae9a1bff9701c",
            "input": "Article: The man traveling in the back of the ambulance which was running at a high speed along the streets of Baltimore that morning in2008 had no business to be alive. By everything that was reasonable, and there were plenty of such things before, he should have been very dead indeed. But he wasn't. As the people in the hospital pointed out after they had examined him, he was only slightly hurt. Yet he had just fallen 150 feet down a hotel lift shaft! Unknown to the man, two things had occurred which were to affect his life that day. On the thirteenth floor of the hotel, somebody had carelessly left the lift gate open. Down in the basement, a pipe had burst and it had flooded from the bottom of the lift shaft to a depth of two feet. Modern lifts have all sorts of fail-safe system to prevent accidents, but this was ancient equipment unreliable, slow, dangerous, and unsuitable material to recycle.     The man had plenty of things to occupy his mind that morning. He had overslept. The hotel had forgotten to call him and now he was late for an important business appointment. He dressed quickly, shaved hurriedly, took hold of his briefcase and hurried off down the hotel corridor.     Good! The lift gate was open. The lift must be there. He need not press the button and wait while the large, clumsy lift made its way upwards. Without looking or thinking, he stepped out into space, The lift cage was, in fact, one floor above him on the fourteenth. The lift shaft which he had walked was a narrow space of not very fresh air, ending150 feet below in two feet of dirty water. The man fell, making his journey to the ground at a speed he had never dreamed of. Confused patterns, a rush of air, time enough to be afraid, split-second thoughts of death, then crash! Perhaps this gave him the record for some sort of high-diving act. No doubt in future he always looked before he jumped. Certainly he learnt that this was no way to save time. The experts said that those two feet of water had saved his life. \n Answer: He fell from the 13th floor.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about the man?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c73d5af7a2a14b79aefaee27bed86c57",
            "input": "Article: A new American report says water-related problems will likely increase tensions  around the world in the next ten years. These problems include water shortages, poor water quality and floods. The problems will increase the risk of failure of governments. However, countries are unlikely to go to war over water. But the real question is that some governments may use water as a weapon to pressure others ten years later. The report looks at possible effects of water problems on the United States national security interests over the next thirty years. It says the areas that will be most affected by water problems are North Africa, the Middle East and South Asia. The United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton says, \"Reliable water resources are essential for feeding the hungry, running industries and creating energy. Certainly they are central when we think about how climate changes will affect future generations.\" The report also predicts an increased demand for American assistance and expert help to solve those problems. That demand for help could create opportunities for leadership and influence. Water shortages, poor water quality, and floods are unlikely to result in state failure. But these could combine with poverty, social tensions, environmental problems, poor leadership and weak governments to produce social disorder. And that combination could cause state failure. The report predicts that from now through 2040 water shortages and pollution probably will harm the economic performance of important trading partners. During the next ten years the loss of groundwater supplies in some agricultural areas will create a risk to national and global food markets. These shortages will be a result of poor management. Agriculture uses about seventy percent of the world's freshwater. The report says technology that reduces the amount of water needed to grow crops will offer the best way to fight against water shortages. \n Answer: Water would be used as a kind of weapon.",
            "output": [
                "What is the real concern of the report?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-37aa386329f847beb259c5570298a95d",
            "input": "Article: Valencia is in the east part of Spain. It has a port on the sea, two miles away on the coast. It is the capital of a province that is also named Valencia. The city is a market centre for what is produced by the land around the city. Most of the city's money is made from farming. It is also a busy business city, with ships, railways, clothes and machine factories. Valencia has an old part with white buildings, coloured roofs, and narrow streets. The modern part has long, wide streets and new buildings. Valencia is well known for its parks and gardens. It has many old churches and museums. The university in the centre of the city was built in the 13th century. The city of Valencia has been known since the 2nd century. In the 8th century it was the capital of Spain. There is also an important city in Venezuela  named Valencia. \n Answer: The colour of the roofs",
            "output": [
                "What is the main difference between the two parts of Valencia?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-80acfc37e2a247c69add6dc8acb23bb8",
            "input": "Article: Dear editor, Mary is my friend and she is a very good-hearted girl. She's always the first to help out others. But her habits make me mad sometimes and she just won't change her ways. For most situations, that's just fine with me, as I know it's what make her who she is. However, sometimes it's just so hard for me to bear her behavior. She has recently got a cellphone, but she often borrows mine to make calls. My phone has a chain with it. She always tries to open it like her own phone. I usually open it for her, but not always, as sometimes I'm driving my car, so she needs to get it out of my purse and open it herself. This weekend we were at a party in a faraway village. She borrowed my cellphone. As it was cold outside, I let her take it outside without opening it. Now it's broken because she didn't open it properly. I wouldn't be so mad, but over the weekend she also borrowed my car and never offered to pay for the gas, which made me very angry. She should have offered to pay for the gas. As I have mentioned, she's the type to help out others when and where she can. Perhaps because of that, she thinks others should also do the same for her. Sometimes I just think she is very childish. I don't want to hurt her, but I do want to let her know that not everyone can accept that. What should I do to let her know that? Yours, Lily \n Answer: To ask for advice from an editor.",
            "output": [
                "What is Lily's purpose in writing this letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c11eeda357344467b36aaff938fc21f4",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever heard that we humans use only ten percent of our brains? This opinion holds a certain appeal because if it were true, then we could instantly become ten times more intelligent just by firing up that sleepy majority of the brain! The idea that we use only a small part of the brain dates back to animal experiments in the 19th century. When scientists stimulated   a specific part of the brain,  the animal moved its leg or tail. If a tiny part of the brain could do something so great, what was the use of the rest of the brain? Some scientists assumed that large parts of the brain were simply useless. Then, in the early 20th century, scientists observed that stimulating certain parts of the brain had no physical effects. They named these seemingly useless parts of the brain the \"silent cortex.\" Today we know that in humans, much of the \"silent cortex\" is actually devoted to complex activities like language, learning, and imagining. Brain scans have shown that different parts of the brain become much more active as we shift   our attention and focus, but even as we sleep, many areas of the brain are extremely active. Would you be smarter if your entire brain constantly worked to maximum capacity  ? Interestingly enough, the opposite is probably true. The less brain activity you need to perform a given task, the more the brain as a whole is able to do. \n Answer: Certain parts of the brain are devoted to language and learning activities.",
            "output": [
                "What did scientists discover in their experiment in the 20th century?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-86d88714c81a45968f3d144c48d31bac",
            "input": "Article: EBay will launch an online group gift-buying service today designed to make it easier for several people to chip in, buy and pay for gifts using their social-network and e-mail contacts. EBay North America Vice President Christopher Payne says it is going to be a major step forward in social commerce, which is the still-small practice of selling products through social networks.Online retail experts aren't as certain, but eBay says the new tool makes it easier for friends and relatives to chip in   for gifts because it eliminates the headache of collecting contributions.It can also be used for family members to pitch in to buy, say, an expensive child seat for a mother. Anything on eBay that's available immediately, rather than up for bid, can be purchased this way starting today atgroupgifts.eBay.com.If members of an extended family wanted to buy a gift for one member, one person would choose a gift -- or have one recommended by eBay -- and invite family members to chip in using Facebook or e-mail.Those who wanted to join in would choose an amount to contribute (or agree to pay a requested amount) and pay using either PayPal or a credit card.They could also add a personal note. If enough people don't chip in, the organizer can ask people to contribute more or choose a less expensive gift. \"I see myself using this most in cases when I typically might not buy someone what they want because of price,\" says Nitzan Shaer of Boston, who was part of an online test of the site. EBay, with its 200 million products, millions of sellers and mobile commerce proficiency, is a logical place to pull together the products, groups of buyers and payment tools, Payne says. At least 12 sites, such as FrumUs.com and eDivvy.com, facilitate (,) group purchases but don't sell products.Although a handful of retailers, including Victoria's Secret and 1-800-Flowers, sell products through Facebook, Payne says he expects social commerce will take off as rapidly as shopping using mobile devices.EBay did more than $600 million in sales on mobile devices last year and expects mobile sales to increase to $1.5 billion this year. Although one in five consumers surveyed said they'd used Facebook for shopping in the past year, 88% said they would not be buying holiday gifts through a social network, mobile phone or smartphone.Of these, 26% were reluctant because of security or privacy concerns, and 20% were unclear about the benefits of using phones or Facebook to shop. \n Answer: On a website",
            "output": [
                "Where can we most probably read this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a6593ec3e00745bfa7a4113f32ecca83",
            "input": "Article: Expressions about water are almost as common as water itself. But many of the expressions using water have unpleasant meanings. The expression \"to be in hot water\" is one of them. It is a very old expression. \"Hot water\" was used 500 years ago to mean being in trouble. One story says it got that meaning from the custom of throwing extremely hot water down on enemies attacking a castle. That no longer happens. But we still get in \"hot water\".When we are in \"hot water\", we are in trouble. It can be any kind of trouble--serious or not so serious. A person who breaks a law can be in hot water with the police. A young boy can be in hot water with his mother. if he walks in the house with dirty shoes. Being in \"deep water\" is almost the same as being in hot water. When you are in deep water, you are in a difficult position. Imagine a person who cannot swim being thrown in water over his head. You are in deep water when you are facing a problem that you do not have the ability to solve. The problem is too deep. You can be in deep water, for example, if you invest in stocks without knowing anything about the stock market. \"To keep your head above water\" is a colorful expression that means staying out of debt. A company seeks to keep its head above water during economic hard times. A man who loses his job tries to keep his head above water until he finds a new job. \"Water over the dam\" is another expression about a past event. It is something that is finished. It cannot be changed. The expression comes from the idea that water that has flowed over a dam cannot be brought back again. \n Answer: To be in hot water;To be in deep water.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following two expressions have almost the same meaning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fb9626ef4d3e4125853cf237895abc04",
            "input": "Article: Worlds of Fun Location: Worlds of Fun is located off Highway 435 in Kansas City, Missouri. History: Worlds of Fun was opened on May 26, 1973, at a cost of 25 million dollars. Loosely themed around the Jules Verne book, Around the World in Eighty Days, the park was founded by Hunt Midwest Company. In 1982, Hunt Midwest bought a nearby waterpark, Oceans of Fun. In 2013, Worlds of Fun and Oceans of Fun were combined to a one ticket admission, providing all guests with access to 235 acres of amusement and water rides. Hours:  Worlds of Fun is open from April through Halloween. Tickets: Buy and print online. Always try to buy your tickets in advance, to save time when you get to the park. Reservations: Worlds of Fun sells \"Fast Lane\" cards that save riders' time by allowing them to bypass the majority of wait for most of rides and attractions including Mamba, Prowler, and Patriot. Ride as many times as you want all day long. Strategy : Most visitors tend to begin the day with Prowler, the hottest attraction in the park. Use that tendency to your advantage and head to the Patriot first. After that, try the Dragons. Then work your way back to the Prowler. After riding the Prowler, there is only one coaster left, Mamba. Hit it next. If the park is not very crowded, you can ride Boomerang on the way to Mamba. After riding Mamba, head back for a ride on the Wolf. By then you will have tried most of the popular rides and attractions in the shortest possible time. News: In 2014, Worlds of Fun is adding Steel Hawk, a ride that will take guests up 301 feet in the air and spin them at a 45-degree angle for a 60-second flight. Wait to have a try! \n Answer: In 2014.",
            "output": [
                "When did Hunt Midwest's two parks start to share one ticket?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-db500cad76dd454ba4dd0261f644c14d",
            "input": "Article: One of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift . Unlike other gifts, it came without wrap . On September 11th ,1958,Mum gave birth to Richard. After she brought him home from hospital, she put him in my lap, saying, \"I promised you a gift , and here it is.\" What an honor!I turned four a month earlier and none of my friends had such a baby doll of their own. I played with it day and night. I sang to it. I told it stories .I told it over and over how much I loved it! One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My doll was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor little thing bad been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days I Heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as \"hopeless\", \"pitiful\", and \"dying\", which sounded _ . Christmas was coming. \"Don't expect any presents this year,\" Dad said, pointing at the socks I hung in the living room. \"If your baby brother lives, that'll be Christmas enough.\" As he spoke, his eyes filled with tears. I'd never seen him cry before . The phone rang early on Christmas morning. Dad jumped out of bed to answer it. From my bedroom I heard him say, \"What? He's all right?\" He hung up and shouted upstairs. \"The hospital said we can bring Richard home !\" \"Thank God !\" I heard Mum cry . From the upstairs window, I watched my parents rush out to the car. I had never seen them so happy. And I was also full of joy. What a wonderful day! My baby doll would be home. I ran downstairs. My socks still hung there flat. But I knew they were not empty; they were filled with love! \n Answer: He got a baby brother.",
            "output": [
                "what happened to the author on September 11th , 1958?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fd190ec6b32940dba54271a27106c112",
            "input": "Article: The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping, where you hand over notes and count out change in return, now happens only in the most minor of our retailers  , like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from a corner shop. At the shops where you spend any real money, that money is increasingly abstracted. And this is more and more true, the higher up the scale you go. At the most cutting-edge   retail stores, Victoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instance, you don't go and stand at any kind of cash register when you decide to pay. The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa. Across society, the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy. Maybe I'm just old-fashioned. But earning money isn't quick or easy for most of us. Isn't it a bit weird  that spending it should happen in half a blink   of an eye? Doesn't a wallet, that time-honored Friday-night feeling of pleasing, promising fatness, represent something that matters? But I'll leave the economics to the experts. What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment. Everything about the look and feel of a wallet, the way the materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver, and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets, is the very opposite of what our world is becoming. The opposite of a wallet is a smart phone or an iPad. The rounded edges, cool glass, smooth and unknowable as a pebble  . Instead of digging through pieces of paper, we move our fingers left and right. No more counting out coins. Show your wallet, if you still have one. It may not be here much longer. \n Answer: It is disappearing.",
            "output": [
                "What is happening to the wallet?["
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ee8f128cd52456f99ab69064a70d9da",
            "input": "Article: Do you want to improve the way you study? Do you feel nervous before a test? Many students say that a lack of concentration is their biggest problem. It seriously affects their ability to study, so do their test results. If so, use these tips to help you.  _  You should always study in the same place. You shouldn't sit in a position that you use for another purpose. For example, when you sit on a sofa to study, your brain will think it is time to relax. Don't watch TV while you are studying. Experts warn that your concentration may be reduced by 50 percent if you attempt to study in this way. Always try to have a white wall in front of you, so there is nothing to distract (make less concentrated) you. Before sitting down to study, gather together all the equipment you need. Apart from your textbooks, pens, pencils and knives, make sure you have a dictionary. If your study desk or table is needed when you are not studying, store all your equipment in a box beside _  Your eyes will become tired if you try to read a text which is on a flat surface. Position your book at an angle of 30 degrees. Be realistic and don't try to complete too much in one study period. Finish one thing beforebeginning another. If you need a break, get up and walk around for a few minutes, but try not to telephone a friend or have something to eat.  _  All your hard work will be for nothing if you are too nervous to take your test. Getting plenty of rest is very important. This means: do not study all night before your test! It is a better idea to have a long-term study plan. Try to make a timetable for your study which lasts for a few months. Exercise is a great way to reduce pressure. Doing some form of exercise every day will also improve your concentration. Eat healthy food, too. When you arrive in the examination room, find your seat and sit down. Breathe slowly and deeply. Check the time on the clock during the test, but not too often. Above all, take no notice of everyone else and give the test paper your undivided attention. \n Answer: Check the time during the exam at a certain time.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b3e88113ee854052a18717fb013168d4",
            "input": "Article: A drunk walks into a bar and says to the waiter, \"Waiter, buy everyone in the house a drink, pour yourself one, and give me the bill.\" So the waiter does just that and hands the man a bill for $57. The drunk says, \"I haven't got it.\" The waiter slaps the guy around a few times, then throws him out into the street. The very next day the same drunk walks into the bar and once again says, \"Waiter, buy everyone in the house a drink, pour yourself one, and give me the bill.\" The waiter looks at the guy and figures _ to _ himself that he can't possibly be stupid enough to play the same trick twice, so he gives him the benefit of the doubt, pours a round of drinks for the house, has a drink himself and hands the drunk a bill for $57. The drunk says, \"I haven't got it.\" The waiter can't believe it. He picks the guy up, beats the living daylights out of him, then throws him out into the street. The next day the same drunk walks back into the same bar and says, \"Waiter, buy everyone in the house a drink and give me the bill.\" In disgust  , the waiter says, \"What? No drink for me this time?\" The drunk replies, \"You? No way! You get too violent when you drink.\" \n Answer: Rounds of Drinks, No Money",
            "output": [
                "What should be the best title of this story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-761566d05e8b405da13344ee04802091",
            "input": "Article: After the Summer Olympics are over, when all the athletes have gone home and the television audience has switched off, another group of athletes and fans will arrive at the host city, and another competition will begin. These are the Paralympics, the games for athletes with a disability. But in Beijing in 2008, for the first time, one of the greatest Paralympics athletes did not take part. She is a British athlete by the name of Tanni Grey-Thormpson. Born with spine hifida   which left her paralysed from the waist. Tanni used a wheelchair from the age of 7. at first, she did not like sports, apart from horse-riding, which gave her a sense of freedom. But in her teens, she started taking sports more seriously. She tried swimming, basketball and tennis. Eventually she found she began to love athletics, and never looked back. Indeed, Tanni's athletic career took off . In 1984, when she was 15, she pulled off a surprise victory in the 100metres at the Junior National Wheelchair Games. In 1988, Tanni went to her first Paralympic Games in Seoul. She won bronze in the 400 metres. Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelonn. Paralympics. Tanni won gold in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres relay, setting two world records in the process. In the same year she achieved the first of her six London Wheelchair Marathon victories. Tanni's success had been part motivation , part preparation, \"The training I do that enables me to be a good sprinter  enables me to be good at a marathon too. I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I want to see.... I am still competing at a very high level, but as I get older, things get harder and I want to retire before I fall apart.\" Indeed Tanni retired finally after the Visa Paralympic World Cup in 2007. Her wish is to coach young athletes for Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. In spite of ups and downs, she never takes her fate lying down. In her splendid life, she has won an amazing eleven gold medals, four silvers and one bronze in series of Paralympics- a top level athletic career covering two decades. She has won the London Wheelchair Marathon six times, more than any other competitor, and she has set over thirty world records. What advice does she have for young athletes? \"Work hard at your studies, and then train, train and train again.\" \n Answer: Horse-riding.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following sports did Tanni like before thirteen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-05e89f18cda2417d9042f2b53033c714",
            "input": "Article: If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training.A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training. That's especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers.At Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor's degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement.Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience. But in the long run, too much specialization doesn't pay off.Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval.The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, _ . As further evidence of the erosion of corporate faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State's Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices.Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management.\"They want someone who isn't constrained by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture, \" says Scheetz. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have:writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems.David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree, \"I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things, \" says Birch.Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior-plus a computer course or two.With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize.\"A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace, \" says Scheetz. \n Answer: People with special training in engineering.",
            "output": [
                "What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8a6f1899af8649ad8f969957d555b19c",
            "input": "Article: Good evening,ladies and gentlemen and welcome to this of the Box Bill Tennis Club. It's good to see so many of you here this evening. I'm sure you're all enjoyed the fine food,and that you are ready to hear our guest speaker.  Ladies and gentlemen,we're pleased to welcome our most famous club champion,Billy Rogers,to our meeting.  Billy needs no introduction because he is one of the most well-known tennis players in our country. However,I must mention a few things about him. Billy has won the US Open three times,and Wimbledon twice. He has won more tennis tournaments than any player from this country. He has been ranked number one in the world in both singles and doubles. He has played in the Davis Cup and the Hopman Cup for his country. His Wimbledon victory two years ago has been called one of the bravest in the modern time. Had he not been injured,he would undoubtedly have won a third Wimbledon Championship. Billy is regarded by many as perhaps the finest player ever in international tennis.  But of course Billy is much more than a tennis champion.  He is like an ambassador for the sport and for his country. He has done great work to help children around the world,and his generosity to children's charity funds is well known.  And of course,Billy is the most successful graduate of our club. He won the club championships when he was twelve--yes,at only twelve. And Billy has not forgotten where it all started. That's why he accepted our invitation to speak to us tonight. We're proud to have played a small part in Billy's success.  Won't you please give a big hand to our own Billy Rogers? \n Answer: Because he was too busy to well prepare it.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Billy Rogers not win the third Wimbledon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7a579a1638a543b0be9327174c6a7ec7",
            "input": "Article: The 16-year-old girl Jessica Watson is said to be the youngest person to sail non-stop alone around the world. But her record has been questioned because someone thought that she has not sailed far enough. She will also not be recognized by the World Speed Sailing Record Council, as it was too dangerous for someone under 18 years old. Ms Watson sailed into Sydney port on Saturday, seven months after leaving on a hard voyage. Family, friends and Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd have gathered to greet her. Thousands of well-wishers waited at the port and watched from boats as Ms Watson sailed her pink, 10m boat over the finishing line. Many more Australians watched the event broadcast live on television. Watson said she was just an \"ordinary girl who believed in her dream\". Ms Watson left Sydney on 18 October, despite that some people disagreed her plan. Watson traveled northeast through the South Pacific and across the equator  , south to Cape Horn at the tip of South America, across the Atlantic Ocean to South Africa, through the Indian Ocean and around southern Australia. The route took her through some of the world's most changeful waters, and she battled through huge storms and suffered seven accidents of her boat. People around the world have followed Ms Watson's adventures on her blog, which she has daily updated  . On her blog, she wrote down beautiful sunrise over seas, the excitement of meeting a blue whale and the bright, terrible sight of a shooting star flying across the night sky above her boat. Ms Watson has reportedly sold her story to a news company for $700,000. She is planning to write a book on her experience. \n Answer: The Arctic Ocean.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following oceans didn't Ms Watson cross through in her voyage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8fb857ca36d246428c4cc93f758e3f2f",
            "input": "Article: Remind children that bad things don't last. It may sound simple, but the message is extremely important. \"Children often don't have the experience to know that when something bad happens---they lose an important game or their best friend lets them down---it's not the end of the world,\" explains Nancy Leffert, a senior research scientist with the Research Institute, an American adolescents  and children's research group. \"They think their bad feelings will last for ever, or that one failure will ruin everything.\" Unfortunately, that kind of thinking discourages motivation . \"If a child believes that the cause of her upset is lasting, or that nothing she does will make a difference, it decreases her ability to keep on trying.\" says Dorothy Rich, president of the MegaSkills Education Center of the Home and School Institute, based in Washington. Any time you can help your child see that a situation is not lasting, that a result can be changed, or that one opinion does not reflect reality, you give her reason to hope. Case in point: \"When my daughter Kathy was eight, art was one of her favorite subjects,\" says Beth, a mother of two. \"Then she got an art teacher who gave a great deal of praise to one student and barely noticed the rest. Kathy was ready to give up until I explained to her, \"Never stop doing your best just because one person doesn't give you praise.\" Beth had to repeat the advice often, and finally her daughter got the message. \"Kathy is 12 now, and art is still one of her strongest subjects.\" \n Answer: She is concerned about children's attitudes towards failure.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is RIGHT about Nancy Leffert?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8329ccafa5aa403ab1fee1b3a2044d65",
            "input": "Article: China is now sending more college students to study in the United States than any other country.  A new report shows a 23 percent increase in the number of Chinese students coming to the U.S. The latest edition of the annual Institute of International Education(IIE)and another US institute found a 5 percent rise in the number of international university students in the US compared to one year ago. There are now over 157, 000 Chinese students at U.S. colleges and universities. Aisa accounted for four of the top five countries and regions to take advantage of the US higher education system. \"Increased numbers of students from China, particularly at the undergraduate level, largely accounts for the growth this past year,\" the report stated. \"They really enroll in a full range of US higher education,\" said Peggy Blumenthal, senior counselor to the president of IIE, the group that made the report. \"20 years ago, students from China only knew of a handful of US insitiutions, but now, they are enrolling in our community colleges, in our small liberal arts institutions, in the research universities. Really spread across the country,\" she said. Chinese mainland was in the number one spot, while India was the number two country of origin. South Korea was third and Canada was number four. China's Taiwan held the number five spot. Saudi Arabia was in sixth with a 44-percent increase, while Japan was seventh, down 14 percent. Blumenthal attributes the increase in the number of Chinese students heading to US colleges to limited university places in China, as well as a feeling from students and their parents than they want a \"unique\" educational experience. China's family planning policy, says Blumenthal, has also meant that families can concentrated resources on a single child. The University of California at Los Angeles has one of the largest Asian student populations of any college in the United States. \n Answer: South Korea",
            "output": [
                "Which ranked the third place sharing US higher education?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-93c5c253bdc44496b77b75128f7201c7",
            "input": "Article: A 15-year-old boy planned to put a ball covered with petrol into his mouth and set it on fire. He would film the dangerous action and put it on YouTube.And, lie hoped to become famous on the Internet. But things didn't go the way he imagined.His clothing caught fire, and he was rushed to the hospital with serious bums on his body. YouTube hosts millions of videos of people attempting dangerous actions.Many of them are by kids and young adults.Some experts say that by hosting these videos, YouTube encourages young viewers to take deadly risks.Research by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that more than 180,000 Americans die from accidental injuries each year.That's one person every three minutes.More than 14,000 of those killed are kids under the age of 19.Is YouTube to blame? People have always found it interesting to watch others try risky things..Audiences love these kinds of things.Some of the earliest Greek comedies had characters followed by wild animals and knocking into walls.Now, in the age of the Internet, anyone with a camera and a YouTube account can create this kind of 'fun\".Many viewers, especially teenagers, are influenced by what they see and want to try it themselves.\"YouTube has taken the playing in the neighborhood to a worldwide level,\" says Clair Mellenthin, a researcher from the Centers. Supporters of YouTnbe argue that it isn't YouTube's responsibility to examine its content.\"Parents should be the ones to make sure that kids are behaving safely,\" they say.In fact, YouTube has a rule on content.For example, dangerous activities that have a risk of serious physical harm or death are not allowed.Staff of YouTube, carefully watch the website 24 hours a day, looking for videos that are against their rules.But is this enough? \n Answer: He played with fire and burned himself",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the 15- year-old boy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c8cb384a519d4869ad5a065fe2493328",
            "input": "Article: We have seen that humor and laughter positively influence our body in many ways, but little research has been done on whether a better sense of humor actually helps keep you from getting sick. However, since people with a better sense of humor have higher IgA levels, and since research has shown that those with higher levels of salivary  IgA are less likely to get colds or be infected with Streptococcus, humor should reduce the frequency of colds. The only study to directly examine this question found that the impact of one's sense of humor upon colds depends on the kind of sense of humor you have. It was only individuals whose sense of humor took the form of seeking out and appreciating humor who had fewer and less severe colds/flu than their low humor counterparts. Surprisingly, those whose sense of humor took the form of initiating humor more often did not have fewer or less severe colds/flu. The researchers argued that being a person who likes to tell jokes or otherwise initiate humor takes them into more frequent contact with other people, which serves to expose them to infectious agents more often, robbing them of the advantage that a more active sense of humor otherwise offers. Obviously, more research is required to clear up this confusing picture. The importance of active use of one's sense of humor in producing humor's health benefits was confirmed in another study in an unusual way. It found that among a group of mothers with newborn infants, those who actively used humor to cope with the stress in their lives had fewer upper respiratory infections and their infants also had fewer infections. This seemed to be because these mothers had higher levels of immunoglobulin A (A) in their breast milk. Among adults, if we look at bodily symptoms alone, independent of any diagnosed illness, there is some evidence that individuals who have more negative reactions to humor report more bodily symptoms and complaints. Students complaining of cardiovascular  symptoms and gastroenterological   symptoms also have been shown to have this more negative reaction to humor. \n Answer: People with a good sense of humor get sick less often.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-40248535284b4188bc8a105374377467",
            "input": "Article: Notting hill is a small town  west of London. Here lives shy  William, a divorced  man, who owns a little travel-book store. It was a Wednesday, when the poor shop keeper happened to meet Anna Scott ,a movie star who walked into his shop. They ran across each other in the street again. And they found themselves falling in love. But how could a poor man keep the love of a famous star? Their lives and their worlds were so different. Six months later, Anna was in London again for her new film. She came to William's thought ... Length :110 minutes Director:David Duning Cast:Julia Roberts(actress),  Hugh Grant(actor) \n Answer: Julia Roberts.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, who most probably plays the role of Anna in the film ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-08ff628d114d45419dd56a2303afcba1",
            "input": "Article: \"Drink your milk. It is good for you!\" You've probably heard that many times, and it is true. Milk contains calcium, which is a necessary nutrient for keeping bones and teeth healthy and strong. The US government even requires milk as part of the National School Lunch Program, saying that students should drink one cup of fat-free milk at each meal. Last Thursday, however, a group of doctors asked the government to remove the lunch program. The Physical Committee for Responsible Medicine says, \"Milk is high in sugar, high in fat and high in animal protein,\" all of which have negative effects on health. The PCRM says there were better and healthier ways to get calcium such as eating beans, broccoli, cereals and tofu. Orange juice and soymilk that have calcium added to them also supply the nutrient. \"One of the only reasons people talk about dairy, or promote it at all, is because it is going to help build strong bones.\" says Dr. Neal Bamard, president of the PCRM. But milk may not be the best way to get calcium your body needs. Of course, calcium is important for health bones and teeth, but there are other things that affect your bone strength, such as genes, how much vitamin D you take in and getting an hour's worth of exercise every day. Some nutritionists disagree with the idea that milk isn't important. Keri Gans, a dietitian, says, \"I think it is irresponsible to take this beverage that children enjoy, especially among those who are unable to meet their nutrient needs for the day, and remove it from lunch time.\" The US government is studying the request of the PCRM, but a decision may be a one way to take off. Meanwhile, Marion Nestle, a professor at New York University, put it best: \"Milk demonstrably has nutrients. Other foods have the same nutrients. It's just a food. Like other foods, too much might be a problem. \" \n Answer: Milk helps build students' strong bones.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the US government ask students to drink one cup of milk at lunch time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cded0ce9b58e442686e16805befa56e4",
            "input": "Article: Zoo elephants don't live as long as those in the wild, according to a study sure to cause debate about keeping the giant animals on display. Researchers compared the life spans of elephants in European zoos with those living in Amboseli National Park in Kenya and others working on a timber enterprise in Buma. Animals in the wild or in natural working conditions had life expectancies twice than or more of their relatives in zoos. Animal care activists have urged in recent years to discourage keeping elephants in zoos, largely because of the lack of space and small numbers of animals that can be kept in a group. The researchers found that the _ life span for African elephants in European zoos was 16.9 years, compared with 56 years for elephants who died of natural causes in Kenya's Amboseli Park. Adding in those elephants killed by people in Africa lowered the median life expectancy there to 35.9 years. For the more endangered Asian elephants, the median life span in European zoos was 18.9 years, compared with 41.7 years for those working in the Burma Timber Enterprise. Median means half died younger than that age and half lived longer. There is some good news, though. The life expectancies of zoo elephants have improved in recent years, suggesting an improvement in their care and raising, but \"Protecting elephants in Africa and Asia is far more successful than protecting them in Western zoos.\" There are about 1,200 elephants in zoos, half in Europe, researchers concentrated on female elephants, which make up 80 percent of the zoo population. One amazing thing was that Asian elephants born in zoos had shorter life spans that those brought to the zoos from the wild. Zoos usually lack large areas that elephants are used to in the wild, and that zoo animals often are alone or with one or two other unrelated animals, while in the wild they tend to live in related groups of 8 to 12 animals. In Asian elephants, baby death rates are two to three times higher in zoos than in the Burmese logging camps, and then, in adulthood, zoo-born animals die young. People are not sure why. \n Answer: Elephants should not be on display.",
            "output": [
                "What is argued about in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6bdf6a2d09e3421cbf03ac67b70a9d0c",
            "input": "Article: People who have lost the ability to understand or use words due to brain damage are called aphasics . Such patients can be extremely good at something else. From the changing expressions on speakers' faces and the tones of their voices, they can tell lies from truths. Doctors studying the human brain have given a number of examples of this amazing power of aphasics. Some have even compared this power to that of a dog with an ability to find out the drugs hidden in the baggage. Recently, scientists carried out tests to see if all that was said about aphasics was true. They studied a mixed group of people. Some were normal; others were aphasics. It was proved that the aphasics were far ahead of the normal people in recognizing false speeches -- in most cases, the normal people were fooled by words, but the aphasics were not. Some years ago, Dr. Oliver Sacks wrote in his book about his experiences with aphasics. He mentioned a particular case in a hospital. Some aphasics were watching the president giving a speech on TV. Since the president had been an actor earlier, making a good speech was no problem for him. He was trying to put his feelings into every word of his speech. But his way of speaking had the opposite effect on the patients. They didn't seem to believe him. Instead, they burst into laughter. The aphasics knew that the president did not mean a word of what he was saying. He was lying! Many doctors see aphasics as people who are not completely normal because they lack the ability to understand words. However, according to Dr. Sacks, they are more gifted than normal people. Normal people may get carried away by words. Aphasics seem to understand human expressions better, though they cannot understand words. \n Answer: They can understand language better.",
            "output": [
                "What is so surprising about aphasics?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e17458ec3e5340298a602e117ebd1067",
            "input": "Article: \"Aw, isn't it cute?\" That, right there, is the officially accepted response to any animal contact  the world over. Animals are cute. They're there to be photographed, loved, and occasionally fed. But you know what? Not all animals are cute, or lovely, or even nice. Some of them are a real _ . When you travel, you come into contact with all sorts of animals you've never heard of before. Some of them are amazing creatures that you'll talk about for the rest of your life. Some of them are just annoying. So, at the risk of causing anger among animal lovers around the world, here are some of the world's most annoying animals. Vervet monkeys, South Africa You'll immediately notice two things about Vervet monkeys: they have a bright blue bottom; and they'll steal any food that's not locked in a bank safe. I recently spent some time in South Africa, and watched as monkey after monkey dived in from the trees and stole everyone's food. Get your own food, Vervets! My sandwich was expensive!! Kea parrots, New Zealand I have never seen one of these birds before but from what I've been told they are more annoying than a spoilt kid. From biting the paint off your car doors to stealing people's passports, Keas are probably the most curious, and therefore annoying, animals in the world. And they're New Zealanders. That makes sense! Kangaroos, Australia Another well-known food-stealer, kangaroos are loved by tourists, eaten by Australians, and generally enjoy making trouble for others. Go on a camping trip anywhere in Australia, and watch how long your bags of food last. Turn your back for 15 minutes and the camp will look like thieves have turned the place upside down. Grizzly bears, USA They look pretty cute, grizzly bears. You almost want to go up and give them a hug. Unfortunately, it wouldn't end well. In fact, one of the world's most huggable creatures is also the one most likely to kill you just because it can. Oh, and it'll steal your picnic basket, too. \n Answer: Grizzly Bears.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the animals is the most dangerous according to the writer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d675d2863e204d6989db7e5f8bc9af91",
            "input": "Article: Justin's bedroom was so full of flat bicycle tires, bent tennis rackets, deflated basketballs, and games with missing pieces that you could barely get in the door. His parents _ him to clean out his room. \"What use is a fish tank with a hole in the bottom?\" his father asked. But Justin simply smiled and repeated his motto, \"Never throw anything out, you never know when it might come in handy.\" When Justin was away from home, he always carried his blue backpack--a smaller version of his bedroom--a place to store the many objects that he collected. It was so worn and stretched that it hardly resembled a backpack anymore. Justin had earned a reputation for figuring things out and getting people out of otherwise hopeless situations. Many of his classmates and neighbors sought him out when they needed help with a problem. On the first day of school, his friend Kenny, came looking for Justin. \"Do you think you have something in your bag that could help me remember my locker combination?\" he asked. \"I lost the piece of paper it was written on. I have a science class in two minutes and if I'm late on the first day it'll make me look bad for the rest of the year.\" Kenny looked really worried. \"Relax,\" Justin said, taking his backpack off and unzipping the top. \"Remember how you borrowed my notebook in homeroom to write the combination down? Well, I know how we can recover what you wrote.\" He took the notebook and a soft lead pencil out of his bag. The page that Kenny had written on had left faint marks on another page in the notebook. Justin held the pencil on its side and rubbed it lightly over the marks. Slowly but surely the numbers of the locker combination appeared in white, set off by the gray pencil rubbings. \"That's amazing!\" Kenny said. \"I owe you one.\" And he dashed off to open his locker. It was just another day in the life of the boy whose motto was \"Never throw anything out, you never know when it might come in handy.\" \n Answer: He never throws anything away.",
            "output": [
                "Why is Justin's room such a mess? WWW.K**S*858$$U.COM"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b7ab3408d86640c280369c741de3168a",
            "input": "Article: IF you lived by the sea, you'd know that typhoons are frequent visitors during summer .They bring Strong winds, heavy rain and flooding But most of the time, when people stay indoors, they're just all right. This is what the people in the Philippines used to believe - until they met the \"super typhoon\", Haiyan. The typhoon hit the country on Nov 8, at around 5 am, when most people were still asleep. But being at home didn't keep them safe, since few buildings remained standing once they were hit by wind as violent as 376 kilometers per hour, according to NBC News. \"This is at the top end of any tropical system that we've seen on our planet,\" said Bryan Norcross, a weather scientist working for NBC. And so far, Haiyan has caused more than 3,600 deaths and left millions of people homeless. .But where did Haiyan get its destructive power? According to Brian McNoldy, a tropical weather expert at the University of Miami, US, Haiyan was so strong because \"it had everything working for it\" \"All typhoons feed off the warm ocean waters,\" Colin Price, a weather researcher at Tel Aviv University in Israel, told National Geographic. Tropical storms are like giant engines ,powered by the heat transferred from the ocean waters to the air above. However, because of climate change, the oceans have been warming up in recent decades. \"Warmer oceans will result in more intense storms,\" Price said. Also, Haiyan started near the equator ,where it was able to pick up more heat before heading to the Philippines. Moreover, the route it traveled was mostly along open ocean, which means no land prevented it from gathering steam . In addition, there happened to be very little \"wind shear in the area this time. Wind shear is a sudden change in wind speed or direction, which can tear apart developing storms. This is like when you stir  a glass of water with a chopstick: a swirl will form, 'but if you move the chopstick in the opposite direction, the swirl will quickly disappear.\" \"When all those things _ in a certain way, you're going to get something like'Haiyan'.\"Jim Kossin, a scientist with the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, told National Geographic. \n Answer: This year, more intense storms have happened in the world,",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about typhoons according to the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dfe8ce81c4d34789837eb1ad07ef91b4",
            "input": "Article: Ice sculpting  is a difficult process . First , ice must be carefully selected so that it is suitable for sculpting . Its ideal material is pure , clean water with high clarity  . It should also have the minimum(=least) number of air bubbles. Perfectly clear ice blocks weighing 140 kg and measuring 100 cmx50 cmx25 cm are available from the Clinebell Company in Colorado . Much larger clear blocks are produced in Europe and Canada or harvested from a frozen river in Sweden . These large ice blocks are used for large ice sculpting events and for building ice hotels.     Another difficulty in the process of ice sculpting is time control . The temperature of the environment affects how quickly the piece must be completed to avoid the effects of melting . If the sculpting does not take place in a cold environment , then the sculptor must work quickly to finish his piece . The tools used for sculpting also affect when the task can be finished . Some sculptures can be completed in as little as ten minutes if power tools are used . Ice sculptors also use sharp chisels   that are specifically designed for cutting ice . The best ice chisels are made in Japan , a country that , along with China , has a long tradition of magnificent ice sculptures . Ice sculptures are used as decorations in some cuisines   , especially in Asia . When holding a dinner party , some large restaurants or hotels will use an ice sculpture to decorate the table . For example , in a wedding banquet it is common to see a pair of ice-sculpted swans   that represent the union of the new couple . \n Answer: Ice from clean water .",
            "output": [
                "What kind of ice is ideal for sculpting ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e5ba0f3b5ba04732917dfa9f2e97b35f",
            "input": "Article: BERLIN-With the crisis in Japan raising fears about nuclear power, Germany and Switzerland said on Monday that they would reassess  the safety of their own reactors.      Doris Leuthard, the Swiss energy minister, said Switzerland would put off plans to build nuclear plants. She said no new ones would be permitted until experts had reviewed safety standards.      Germany will put off \"the recently decided extension of the running time of Cerman nuclear  plants,\" Chancellor Angela Merkel told reporters. \"This moratorium   will run for three months and it will allow for a thorough exanunation of the safety standards of the country's 17 nuclear power plants.      The European Union called for a meeting on Tuesday of nuclear safety authorities to assess Europe's preparedness.      Germany's foreign minister, Cuido Westerwelle, called for a new risk analysis of the counitry' snuclear plants, particularly regarding their cooling systems. He is the leader of the Free Democratic Party, which strongly supports nuclear power.      A previous government,led by the Social Democrats, passed a law in 2001 to close all the country's nuclear plants by 2021. But Mrs. Merkel' s government changed that decision last year to extend the lives of the plants by an average of 12 years.  In Switzerland, Doris Leuthard said she had already asked to analyze the exact cause of the  problems in Japan and draw up new or tougher safety standards \"particularly in terms of seismic( )safety and cooling.\" In Russia, the Prime Minister said his govemment would \"draw conclusions from what's going on in Japan.\" \n Answer: ln a newspaper.",
            "output": [
                "Where can you most likely read this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-854b6b1d2b014418a88f8960ad159804",
            "input": "Article: Shirley Temple Black, who lifted America's spirit as a bright-eyed child movie star during the Great Depression, peacefully passed away at her California home on Monday evening at 85, surrounded by her family and caregivers. Temple, born on April 23, 1928, started her entertainment career in the early 1930s and was famous by age 6. Temple was 3 when her mother put her in dance school, where a talent scout spotted her and got her in Baby Burlesks, a series of short movies with child actors playing in adult movies. Movie studio directors took notice of her and in 1934 she appeared in the film Stand Up and Cheer! and her song and dance caught people's attention. Movies such as Little Miss Marker and Bright Eyes featured her signature song. In 1935, she received a special Oscar for her \"outstanding contribution to screen entertainment\" in the movie Stand Up and Cheer! She made some 40 feature movies, including The Little Colonel, Poor Little Rich Girl, Heidi and Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, in 10 years, starring with big-name actors like Randolph Scott, Lionel Barrymore and Jimmy Durante. Temple was a superstar before the term was invented. She said she was about 8 when crowds shouting their love for her made her realize she was famous. \"I wondered why,\" she recalled. \"I asked my mother and she said, 'Because your films make them happy.' \" Her child career came to an end at 12. She tried a few roles as a teenager--including opposite future president Ronald Reagan in That Hagen Girl - but retired from the screen in 1949 at 21. Temple was only 17 when she married for the first time to John Agar, who would eventually appear with her in two movies. Their five-year marriage produced a daughter. In 1950 she wed Charles Black in a marriage that lasted until his death in 2005. She and Black had two children. Temple's interest in politics was sparked in the early 1950s when her husband was called back into the Navy to work in Washington. \n Answer: The Little Colonel",
            "output": [
                "For which movie did Shirley Temple win the Oscar?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e76c931add7460fa74bdfa8c1045975",
            "input": "Article: Whether we should allow marine   parks to stay open has been widely debated in our community recently. A variety of different arguments have been put forward about it. Smith, a sociologist, argued that dolphin parks provide the only opportunity for much of the public to see marine mammals.  As this argument goes, most Australians live in cities and never get to see these animals. Marine parks allow the average Australian to appreciate our marine wildlife. However, in fact, there are many places where they can be seen in the wild. Moreover, these places do not charge an overpriced entry fee -- they are free. Dr. Alison Lane, the director of the Cairns Marine Science Institute, insists that we need marine parks for scientific research. She argues that much of our knowledge of marine mammals comes from studies which were undertaken at marine parks. The knowledge which is obtained at marine parks can be useful for planning for the preservation of marine mammal species. However, Jones, a zoologist, explains that park research is only useful for understanding captive animals and is not useful for learning about animals in the wild. Their diets are different, they have significantly lower life lengths and they are more likely to have a disease. In addition, marine mammals in dolphin parks are trained and this means that their patterns of social behaviour are changed. The Marine Park Owners Association holds that marine parks attract a lot of foreign tourists. This position goes on to state that these tourists spend a lot of money, increasing our foreign exchange earnings and assisting our national balance of payments. However, foreign tourists would still come to Australia if the parks were closed down. Indeed, surveys of overseas tourists show that they come here for a variety of other reasons and not to visit places like Seaworld. Tourists come here to see our native wildlife in its natural environment and not to see it in cages and concrete pools. They can see animals in those conditions in their own countries. In a word, perhaps an agreement cannot be reached now. However, a question does deserve our consideration: If we continue with our past crimes against these creatures, how will our future generations view us? \n Answer: Jones.",
            "output": [
                "Who support(s) the idea of closing marine parks?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-decb4455d210426e960089ea197a6dd0",
            "input": "Article: Qi Baishi (1863~1957) is one of the best-known contemporary Chinese artists. His life shows he achieved success by combining talent with hard work. He was born in a peasant family. At 11 he was sent to learn carpentry  . Through his work he got to know some local scholars. One of them, Hu Shenyuan, offered to teach his painting and poetry. During this period he earned his living by painting portraits and selling his works. Gradually he developed a reputation as an artist as well as a carpenter. In those years he devoted himself to poetry, calligraphy  , and seal-carving. Although he admitted he was a versatile   artist, his own criteria   of his successes placed poetry first, seal-carving second, calligraphy third, and painting last. From 1902 to 1916, Qi toured the country five times, and he left his footmarks in many cities, such as Beijing and Hongkong. The trips broadened his vision and changed his style. In 1917 he settled down in Beijing, where he met many artists and scholars, and made friends with Chen Shizeng. Chen advised him not to  _ early masters and to form his own style. Through long years of practice, Qi Baishi evolved a distinctive personal style. The subjects of his painting were wide and various, and the flowers, birds, fish, prawns  , and insects he painted are most admired by his public. To improve his technique of painting prawns, he raised some at home and frequently observed their movements. He wrote in his diary about how he had changed his method of painting prawns: \"At first my prawns owned a reasonable similarity, then they became even more realistic, and finally light and dark color1s became properly contrasted. These are the three changes.\" Qi Baishi was able to portray the same object in either the xieyior thegongbistyle. When he painted a dragonfly in a detailed manner, he even drew the veins   in its wings. When he adopted a  , free style, he used only a few dry, expressive strokes to form it. What is fascinating about his work is that in some pictures both methods are used. \n Answer: Poetry",
            "output": [
                "In his early life, what was Qi Baishi famous for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae155b1a6aa845bcaa6b4b7a10c49364",
            "input": "Article: How would you describe Quincy Jones? Is he an instrumentalist, a composer, an arranger, or a producer? None of these labels can sum up this remarkable man. He has been known for years to people who follow popular music. But his part in the We Are the World VCD and the Hands Across America project made him a national figure. In addition to these successful efforts, Jones has written the music for many cartoon movies, including The Color Purple, which won 11 Oscar nominations . He also wrote the music for Alex Haley's Roots, a greatly successful television mini--series. These achievements show his many-sided genius. Quincy Jones was born on March 14, 1973, in Chicago's South Side. Ten years later, his family moved to the Seattle area. It was there that he met Ray Charles, who was three years older than ones and who in time would be a world-famous singer. The young musicians performed at small clubs and weddings. Through Charles's influence, Jones began composing. When Jones was only 15, his musical talent impressed Lionel Hampton, who invited him to join the Hampton band. Jones was ready to quit school to join, but Hampton's wife, Gladys, stated her disagreement. Believing that he needed an education, she removed him from the band's bus. \"Get that child out of here,\" she yelled, \"Let him finish school.\" These experiences made Quincy Jones more determined than ever to success. He finished high school, attended the Berklee College of Music in Boston on a scholarship, and finally did Lionel Hampton's band. Soon, however, he struck off on his own. The future beckoned  brightly. \n Answer: Quincy Jones had a very lucky, fruitful and successful musical career.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can best express the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f3deb6b4d2b0448aba8c2922078e6f63",
            "input": "Article: Old Bear Kevin Henkes(2008), under 40 pages Target Audience: Preschoolers Price: $3.8 Content: It is snowing really hard and Old Bear is getting ready for his long nap. As he sleeps, he dreams of being a cub again and enjoying the wonders of nature. He dreams about summer, fall, winter and spring and how each season brings him so much joy! The illustrations  show the beauty of the seasons that Old Bear dreams about. Great book! Half-Minute Horrors Susan Rich(2009), 120~160 pages Target Audience: Intermediates (4th~6th grade) Price: $9.6 Content: Looking for a scary book that is also quick to read? How about a one-paragraph tale of terror or a simple drawing that will make your skin crawl? This book is a collection of very short stories, pictures and cartoons from an impressive group of authors and illustrators. Leaves David Ezra Stein(2007), under 40 pages Illustrated by David Ezra Stein Target Audience: Toddlers, Preschoolers Price: $3.4 Content: It's Little Bear's first year. Fall has come to his island. When the leaves begin to fall, he wonders what to do. However, after following his instinct and sleeping through the winter, he awakens in spring to find everything blooming once again. Thanksgiving at the Tappletons' Eileen Spinelli (2003) , under 40 pages Illustrated by Megan Lloyd Target Audience: Preschoolers Price: $3.5 Content: The Tappletons (bears) are gathered together for their big Thanksgiving feast. However, all is not going well during the preparations. The turkey slides out of the house, down a hill and into a pond. There are no pies at the bakery and the lettuce for the salad has been given to the rabbits. As they sit down for the feast, Grandmother Tappleton reminds them that although they have nothing to eat, they can still be thankful that they have each other. \n Answer: Half-Minute Horrors",
            "output": [
                "Which book has the most pages?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3c6cb4029160493d88ec0b9feea45d75",
            "input": "Article: With only fish and birds for company, Eric Erden has been rowing across the Pacific Ocean to Australia in his 23-foot-long boat since he left California on July 10, 2009. This is the first part of Eric's trip around the world using only his own energy. He will row, bike, and walk without help from any motors at all. His plan includes climbing the tallest mountain on each of the six continents he visits, to honour the memory of a fellow climber. He says he is doing this to show kids that they can achieve any goal, but he also hopes to have some great adventures along the way. Storms and huge waves regularly force him in the wrong direction and even threaten to overturn his boat. \"Sometimes I really feel scared,\" says a somewhat embarrassed Eric. \"But that's part of the journey. I knew this wouldn't be easy when I started.\" Protein bars give him energy, and he boils water to heat freeze-dried meals on a one-burner stove. A sun-powered machine removes salt from ocean water so he can drink it, but when that fails he sometimes tries to collect rainwater in a bucket. He's not bothered by any of the hardships. Eric sees the world as a laboratory where there is much to learn. And when his trip around the world takes him across land, he enjoys meeting people -- especially children. He has already visited several schools and shared his story. \n Answer: To encourage children to reach for their goal.",
            "output": [
                "Why is Eric making this trip?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8ccdd9d860a24ab5bde5fc96bff29e2e",
            "input": "Article: The UN Environment Programme says that rising temperatures could mean the end for some migrating animals. Migrating or mobile animals move through several environments as they travel away from the cold of winter to warmer areas. Birds may fly from one part of the world to another, perhaps stopping at feeding grounds on the way. Whales and turtles   cover vast areas of ocean. The report says that changes in any one of the places which these animals use can cause serious harm. \"Obviously these animals have developed their travelling patterns over thousands of years. But climate change is almost certain to be extreme over the next 25 to 50 years and it is extremely unlikely that these animals can change their habits fast enough,\" said the report author Dr Robert Hepworth. Hardest hit by rising temperatures are turtles. Scientists have found that at higher temperatures, turtles produce far more female eggs than male ones. In parts of Malaysia, turtle birthing sites are producing only females, the report says. It also provides evidence that some turtles are more likely to develop cancer as the waters get warmer. With birds, the main problem is climate-related damage to important areas at either end of the travels or at resting places along the way. About one-fifth of migrating birds are now in danger because of climate-related changes including rising sea levels, land loss and more violent storms, the report concludes. Other animals picked out as particularly in danger include: * the North Atlantic Right Whale, whose main food (tiny shrimp) is disturbed by the change in ocean flows and * the White-Nose Dolphin, which is out-competed by other kinds of dolphins in warmer waters. The report is not all bad news. Even with major climatic changes, protecting the environment can still help mobile animals to recover. \"We need governments to start taking action at the national and international lever. \"The clock is running.\" said Dr Hepworth. And some animals are already adapting, with the report mentioning whales that are changing their feeding behaviour, finding new feeding grounds and new foods to eat. \n Answer: The effect of climate change on migrating animals.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main topic of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d4ca8f13724d4aed9eade886b7700216",
            "input": "Article: More than great drinks, great rewards Enjoy all the benefits and more with your membership to our Loyalty Program! Whenever you pay with your membership account, you'll earn a Star. Collect more Stars, earn more rewards.  _  Buy a Starbucks Card handy to create an account Track your Stars online or through the mobile app, and we'll send an email when you've earned a reward. You can also join from your phone. Download the Starbucks(r)App. One of the most exciting benefits of being a member is using our mobile app to: pay for purchases; view your Stars and rewards; access iTunes(r)Pick of the Week; see current offers. Or you can join with specially marked coffee purchased at the grocery store. Enter your Starcode (limit 2 per day). Look for the Starcode symbol on specially marked Starbucks(r)products where you buy groceries.  _  To reach each level in our Loyalty Program, you need to collect more Stars. (Remember, to earn a Star you must pay with a registered Starbucks Card.) Welcome level To earn your first rewards, just register a Starbucks Card. Birthday drink or treat on us; birthday coupon   for 15% off a purchase at StarbucksStore.com. Green level Collect 5 Stars within 12 months and you'll be in the Green level. * What is included in the Welcome level plus Free in-store refills   on hot or iced brewed coffee or tea Gold level Collect 30 Stars within 12 months and you're at the Gold level. * What is included in the Green level plus A free food or drink item after another 12 Stars earned Personalized Gold Card \n Answer: To enter a Starcode from specially marked Starbucks\n(r)products.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is a way you can apply for membership?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-be66d61e1b3843b9bba7af3ca1be67b0",
            "input": "Article: A Guide to the University Food The TWU Cafeteria is open 7a.m. to 8p.m.. It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study. If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Cafe located in the bottom level of the Douglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching. Relaxation The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 a.m. to 10 p.m., closed on Sundays. Health Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to  physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9:00 a.m. to noon and 1:00 to 4:30 p.m.. Academic Support All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door: two 30 -minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free. \n Answer: Add money to your ID and play chess.",
            "output": [
                "What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac4c4af2da0349ffbd190117dc22d059",
            "input": "Article: The western alphabet, which is used in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Australia and New Zealand as well as in other countries, originated in the Middle East. The people who gave the world this alphabet were the Phoneacians, a people who established colonies all over the Mediterranean, including Carthage in Africa and Gades in Spain. In their alphabet, the letters were represented by little pictures which represented sounds. The Phoneacian A was aelph, which means \"bull\", and it was made from a little picture of a bull's head. The letter B wasbethwhich meant \"house\", and showed the round-roofed buildings which you can still see today in Syria. The Phoneacians had contact with another nation of sailors, the Greeks, with whom they fought and traded. The Greeks also started to use the Phoneacian alphabet. They changed the names, so aelphandbethbecamealphaandbeta. The shapes of the letters are the same, but they have been turned sideways. If you know any Greek, you can try turning the letters around again, and see how they look. You will see that the curve on the right of the Greek A becomes the horns of a little bull. Of course, the first two letters of the alphabet give it its name. Over the years there have been changes. Latin developed an alphabet with some different letters to the Greeks, and other letters have been added since. But really westerners are using the same system of writing which has served them so well for thousands of years. \n Answer: To tell the story of the western alphabet.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1daf2734e2224134bfc6dbb17bc0d5a3",
            "input": "Article: Money and Happiness A Guide to Living the Good Life Author: Laura Rowley Publisher: Wiley (March 1, 2016) Laura Rowley helps us all understand the money-happiness connection in our own lives so that we spend our time and efforts wisely. She offers insights that every reader can use to make smarter decisions that will lead to living a rich life in every possible definition of the term. Happiness The Science Behind Your Smile Author: Daniel Nettle Publisher: Oxford University Press (July 1, 2016) This is the first book to look thoroughly at what happiness is and how it works. Nettle examines whether people are basically happy or unhappy, whether success can make us happy, why some people are happier than others, and much more. The Happiness Makeover How to Teach Yourself to Be Happy and Enjoy Every Day Author: M. J. Ryan Publisher: Broadway (May 10, 2016) Ryan's own desire to be happier first led her to study what is known about happiness from brain science, psychology, and the wisdom traditions of the world.The Happiness Makeover draws on this wide-ranging knowledge and presents a plan that will help you: Clear away happiness problems like worry, fear, envy, and dislikes. Learn to think confidently. Find daily ways to truly enjoy, even relish, the moments of your life. Health and Happiness Hormones and Qualities Llives Author: Steven F. Hotze Publisher: Forrest Publishing (April, 2016) Dr Steven Hotze is leading a wellness revolution that advances a new model of healthcare. Unlike the popular medical way of treating individual symptoms  with the familiar \"anti\" drugs, Dr Hotze deals with the basic causes of poor health. In Hormones, Health, and Happiness you are shown how to reach and keep the best body functioning. Based on a process of biologically the same hormones  and other natural treatments, it can help you enjoy a better quality of life. \n Answer: A Guide to Living the Good Life",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following books was the first to come out?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-edd3b42876354e358539ed20d9b73a61",
            "input": "Article: The use of mobile phones over a long period of time can raise the risk for brain tumors , a new Swedish study said on Friday , contradicting (......) the conclusions of other researchers .        The Dutch Health Council , in an overview of research from around the world , last year found no evidence radiation   from mobile phones and TV towers was harmful . A four-year British survey released in January showed no link between regular . long-term use of cell phones and the most common type of tumor .        However , researchers at the Swedish National Institute for Working Life said they looked at the mobile phone use of 905 people between the age of 20 and 80 who had been diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor   and found a link         \" A total 80 of these 905 cases were so-called high users of mobile phones , that is they began early to use mobile and or wireless telephones and used them a lot , \" the study said .        \" The study also shows that the rise in risk is noticeable for tumors on the sided of the head where the phone was said to be used , \" it added .        Kjell Mild , who led the study , said the figures meant that heavy users of mobile phones , for instance of who make mobile phone calls for 2 , 000 hours or more in their life , had a 240 percent increased risk for a malignant tumor on the side of the head the phone is used .        \" The way to the risk down is to use handsfree , \" he told Reuters .        He said his study was the  biggest yet to look at long-term users of the wireless phone has been around inprefix = st1 /Swedenin a portable form since 1984 , longer than in many other countries . \n Answer: 905",
            "output": [
                "How many of 905 people surveyed suffer tumor ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87e7ef998a1a4c93aeeb553a66586951",
            "input": "Article: Take a book, leave a book. Public bookshelves are appearing across Germany on street corners, city squares and supermarkets. In these free-for-all libraries, people can take whatever they want to read, and leave behind anything they want for others. There is no need to register , no exact date to return books and you can take or give as many as you want.  \"It is aimed at everyone who likes to read--whatever age or education. It is open for everybody,\" said Michael Aubermann, a 44-year-old who works in IT management. \"We put up our other outdoor shelves last year and it's been working really well,\" added Aubermann. The public book shelves, which are run with the money given by and cared for by local volunteer groups, have appeared independently of each other in many cities across Germany including Berlin, Hannover and Bonn, and also in suburbs and villages. Each shelf holds around 200 books and it takes about six weeks for a complete turnover, with new books taking the place of all the old ones, he said. While most of the shelves have so far been put up in rich neighborhoods, Aubermann and the 20 volunteers who help look after the project   are planning to put up future shelves in poor neighborhoods, where people often don't have such chances to read. So far, the Cologne book group has had few problems. For example, a used-book seller once emptied every copy on a shelf to sell at a market. Besides, book stores and online book sellers have their own ideas about free book exchanges. \n Answer: Germany is the first country to have public bookshelves.",
            "output": [
                "What's the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d48260c1194d4c4ea6ccc7e5cf9992a0",
            "input": "Article: Last Friday a storm tore through two villages and destroyed fourteen homes. Seven others were so badly damaged that their owners had to leave them, and fifteen others had broken windows or torn roofs. One person was killed, seven were badly injured and taken to hospital, and a number of other people received smaller injuries. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless as a result of the storm. A farmer, Mr. C.Y. Tan said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour. \" I was in the kitchen with my wife and children ,\"he said, \"when we heard a loud noise. A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us. We managed to climb out but then I saw that one of my children was missing. I went back inside and found him, safe but very frightened.\" Mrs. Fong said that her husband had just left for work when she noticed that her house was shaking. She rushed outside immediately with her children. \" There was no time to take anything, \" she said. \" A few minutes later, the roof came down. \" Soldiers helped to bring people out of the flooded area and the Welfare Department provided food, clothes and  _ \n Answer: Twenty-one",
            "output": [
                "How many houses could no longer be lived in after the storm?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3dc3aadb75ae46b0821fe2eef97828f6",
            "input": "Article: Among a group of middle-aged men and women,who were discussing bringing about quality education ,was a young man dressed in a white shirt.Within minutes, he was called onto the dais .Twenty-two-year-old Babar Ali was surrounded by educators from across India.He was popularly known as the world's youngest head teacher. The school that Babar started in poor Bhabta village has completely changed.When he was nine years old, he had only eight students in his school.Now the school has 300 students and 10 teachers. The school is called Ananda  Siksha  Niketan. It is recognized by the West Bengal government. Today Babar is a student in the morning.He is learning English literature at Berhampore Krishanath College.But he comes home in the afternoon to teach his students. Baber was discussing education at the National Summit on Quality in Education(NSQE).The meeting was held in Bangalore,capital of Karnataka State in southern India. \"It all started as a game when I used to teach my sister, my first student, in my backyard.Later, some children from the village often came to my classes and that was how the school was born,\" he said. His biggest achievement is that six of his students have now started teaching in his school after their college hours. In another month, Babar's dream of a school building will soon come true.Many people, a large part of whom are from Karnataka,have helped him realize the dream.They have given his school a lot of money. Although he has received so much attention and recognition ,he is still not _ .\"There are people in my village who do not go to schoo1.And there is a long way to go as so many children still need to receive an education,\"he says. \n Answer: At an important meeting.",
            "output": [
                "Where were Babar and a group of middle-aged people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f2ab24c52245490fb325ba7ae60d5cc3",
            "input": "Article: My father left me a treasure when he died. It wasn't a big house or a car. It wasn't cash or gold. In the eyes of the world my father died a poor man. He was a simple mechanic who worked hard to support his family. My father's treasure, rather, was in a thousand wonderful memories that he gave me over the course of his life.  One particular one stood out in my mind today. I was just a boy playing in the backyard of a friend's house while my father spent the afternoon under the hood   of an old car, trying to get it running again. It seemed to take hours and I wasn't sure whether he could bring the ancient car back to life again this time. At long last, though, he closed the hood and turned the key in the ignition  . There was a sweet smile of satisfaction on his face as the engine started. There was a twinkle of joy in his eye when he shook his head. And there was a quiet hum of happiness in his voice as we drove back home that day. This memory made a home in my heart and became a priceless pearl for my soul to cherish. Time and time again, my father showed me that a kind life, a giving life and a heavenly life was created one choice at a time. Not all of his choices were the right ones, but most of them were. He did the best he could. He lived the best he could. And he helped to bring out the best in me, too. He once said to me, \"It is lucky that all of your choices are driven by love and inspired by joy.\" As I look back into those memories my father left me, I realize that each one of them inspired me to live and to love. May all of your choices bring memories of happiness to those around you! \n Answer: Memories of his father and himself.",
            "output": [
                "What was the most precious thing the author's father passed on to him?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eb83a88905ab4875b33a76ca3ad8733b",
            "input": "Article: What's On? Trouble in Mind Alice Childress won an Off-Broadway award in 1956 for this story of a black actress rehearsing  a play with a white director who increasingly finds it impossible for the show to go on. Tanya Moodie and Joseph Marcell star in the play directed by Laurence Boswell. 8.30p.m.--10.30p.m., Theatre Royal. Box office: 01225 448844. Lazarus Inspired by the sci-fi (science fiction) novel and movie,The Man Who Fell to Earth, this musical deals with a hero, Thomas Newton. Likely to be the autumn's hottest ticket, the score includes new songs composed by Bowie. 7.00p.m.--9.00p.m., King's Cross theatre. Box office: 0844 871 7604. The Gaul On the night of 8 February 1974, a fisherman FV Gaul disappeared off the coast of Norway. For people on board, waiting for news was great suffering. Theories began to come up, including the possibility that the boat had fallen victim to cold war. Even when he was discovered, many still felt there were questions that remained unanswered. Mark Babych directs Janet Plater's play. 8.00p.m.--11.00 p.m., Royal Shakespeare theatre. Box office: 01482 323638. The Suppliant Women It is a new version of Aeschylus's 2,500-year-old play about a group of women seeking shelter who make the long journey to escape forced marriage. It was written by David Greigand directed by Ramin Gray. An ancient piece asks a contemporary question: when we are introuble, who will open their doors and give us a harbor? 8.30p.m.--10.00p.m., Hampstead theatre. Box office: 0131 248 4848. \n Answer: Theatre Royal.",
            "output": [
                "In which theatre can the audience enjoy Joseph Marcell' performance?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-498d1f436df345dbae69f2396e48fa40",
            "input": "Article: You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belvacv doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain sensing umbrella. The designer says he come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. \"once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy built into a street lamp.\" he said. The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining. In addition to the rain sensor, there's also a 360degmotion sensor on the biberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone's using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed. According to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians. While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, Belyacv says he recently introduced his creation one Moscow Department, and insists this creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter. \n Answer: To remind people to take an umbrella",
            "output": [
                "For what purpose did Belyacv create the lampbrella?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1813cf00f2144999a37ed235ed09a745",
            "input": "Article: There are a lot of products out there that make your life easier. Some, however, are a little sillier than others -- so much that they seem like joke products. Here are a few products that sound crazy, but actually rule. Sleep Phones It's hard to imagine something sillier than a music-playing headband you wear while you sleep, but they exist -- and are quite popular. Sleep Phones won't give you the highest quality sound in the world, but if you prefer to fall asleep to music, they're far more comfortable than normal headphones. While they're a bit expensive, they might be perfect for you. There's also a wireless version   if you prefer. Onion Goggles If cutting onion _ no matter what you try, it's time for desperate measures. We tested a bunch of methods for avoiding onion tears, and found the best solutions came down to cutting the onion under a vent  , or wearing these stylish and awesome goggles. Lock Laces There're some great ways to tie your shoes better, but if you long for the laceless shoes of your childhood days, Lock Laces are a pretty good choice. They're basically elastic   laces that remove the need to tie your shoes. Sure, people will make fun of you, but you can make fun of them after they trip over their own untied laces. Or you can make your own slip-on shoes with elastic tubing. 2D-Glasses Hate 3D-movies, but have to go to one? The difference between 2D-glasses and 3D-glasses lies in their lenses  . Each lens of 2D-glasses blocks the same picture, so each eye gets the same picture, while each lens of 3D-glasses blocks a different picture, so each eye gets a different picture which the brain interprets as 3D. Now you have a pair of glasses that can save you from the headache caused by wearing 3D-glasses which are popular in our movie theaters. You can buy them or make a pair for yourself. \n Answer: There are two versions.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Sleep Phones?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e1b9c1d5ca3c494d93f4d0d254fc92ee",
            "input": "Article: Comfort is comforting, but it might narrow our experience at work -- and beyond. In our modern world, discomfort is considered a terrible thing. If not terrible, at least a thing of the past. Dishwashers, washing machines, computers, remote controls--yes, they add convenience, but also a level of comfort our forefathers did not enjoy. As pain of any kind discourages happiness, we tend to reason, anything that compromises our ability to feel good must be bad. And that's also particularly true for our careers. Success makes us feel great, not terrible. Such a view, however, is a matter of personal opinion. And it may blind us to hidden opportunities. Artists throughout history have tried to experience suffering, instinctively if not consciously, to produce works that explore the darker hidden sides of the human condition. This was done, in part, because pain is a reality of life for everybody in some form at some time. Pain is something everybody can relate to. And pain makes a person very present. For such artists, to relieve or to deny pain would be to block the creative thinking, which drives them to explore and express. In fact, Germans have a term for this melancholia, \" _ \", which means \"suffering from the world.\" Writers, from Lord Byron to Kurt Vonnegut, have used the term to describe the psychological pain encountered along life's roller-coaster journey. It was not to be avoided; it was to be understood, investigated and employed. So I propose that discomfort is good for us. Or, put another way, it tells us that something needs to be addressed. It stretches us by forcing us to view our circumstances through a wholly different lens. Because we're drawn to safety and security, we do our best to create pleasant comfort zones for ourselves and our loved ones through the cars we drive, the homes we live in, and the places we work. But by resisting discomfort, we deny ourselves an important opportunity: the chance to shake ourselves out of our predictable perspectives and allow ourselves to make knowledgeable observations we could not possibly have made before. Discomfort gives us fresh eyes. \n Answer: Pain can strengthen the feeling of existence of a person.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT a reason why artists throughout history have been exploring sufferings?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3ee85ed856734b4f972221b8480b2b56",
            "input": "Article: (2013*,B)On a sunny day last August,Tim heard some shouting.Looking out to the sea carefully,he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea. Two 12yearold boys,Christian and Jack,rowed out a boat to search for a football.Once they'd rowed beyond the calm waters,a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water.The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore.But they were no match for _ and the boat was out of control. Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves. \"Everything went quiet in my head,\"Tim recalls .\"I was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.\" Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water.Every 500 yards or so,he raised his head to judge his progress.\"At one point,I considered turning back,\" he says.\"I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.\"After 30 minutes of struggling,he was close enough to yell to the boys,\"Take down the umbrella!\" Christian made much effort to take down the umbrella.Then Tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat.He took over rowing,but the waves were almost too strong for him. \"Let's aim for the pier ,\"Jack said.Tim turned the boat toward it.Soon afterward,waves crashed over the boat,and it began to sink.\"Can you guys swim?\"he cried.\"A little bit,\"the boys said. Once they were in the water,Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier.Christian and Jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs.Tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys'faces. \"Are we almost there?\"they asked again and again.\"Yes,\"Tim told them each time. After 30 minutes,they reached the pier. \n Answer: To get back their football.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the two boys go to the sea?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0474672d795d4bfe9359d2377d132f14",
            "input": "Article: Years ago, I worked for a trucking company as a driver. It was my habit to go to company on Saturday and spend a couple hours maintaining my truck. As I was under the truck, I noticed the owner's elderly father making his way over to his grandson's truck next to mine.     The old man asked the kid to take him fishing. But the grandson told him all about how much he'd love to, but he couldn't due to the prior promises. The old man then walked away. Some minutes later, the father came out and asked his son what the old man had wanted. After telling the story, the kid ended it with saying, \"I'm not taking that old man fishing. It's worse than taking a kid.\"       That just broke my heart.     I quit working immediately and headed home. I loaded up something like a lawn chair, a pole , and headed back to the yard. On the way I bought a big bobber  and some worms. When I got there, I knocked on the door and invited him fishing. If I was like taking a kid fishing, I had determined to take him where I'd take a kid.     When we got there I put him in the lawn chair beside the water, baited and cast the line, and handed him the pole. Soon that big old bobber started to dance; he set the hook, drew the fish in skillfully. And handed the pole to me. I unhooked the fish, re-baited and cast, and again handed it to him. This went on for about half an hour at which point he informed me he was tired and needed to go home. Then I got home. When I got him home I gave the fish to his daughter-in-law with instructions to make sure he got them for dinner and then left.     Two weeks later, the old man died. His family told me later all he talked about during that time was his fishing trip. While I get the satisfaction of knowing I took an old man on his last fishing trip, his family has to live with the knowledge that a stranger took their grandpa on his last fishing trip.     Whenever you get the chance, don't forget about taking grandpa fishing, you may be in the same place and you'll want your family to care about you too. \n Answer: To advise people to go fishing with old men",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of writing this story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb9d1276c2414fc494b2f00b45d1b327",
            "input": "Article: \"To educate a girl is to educate a thousand people,\" says Maimouna Samake, a mother of six children(including five girls). \"If you put one seed  in the ground and rain comes, it will grow to produce many seeds.\" Samake, one of 2,000 residents, lives in a small village, Sounkala, in one of the world's poorest countries. Now she has a chance to see this wish come true thanks to build On, an American non-profit organization that is building a school in her community. For 17 years, build On has been sending American high school students overseas to create schools in places where literacy and formal education are usually out of reach. The organization has built about 300 schools in Mali, Malawi, Nepal, Senegal, Nicaragua and Haiti. Its goal is to get young Americans in mostly urban  areas to get involved in education. At the same time it can bring literacy to children and adults in poor villages in the developing world. Sounkala's school only has about 70 children; mud floors, poor lighting, few desks and an absence of books mean that the school is not the most ideal learning environment. Therefore they certainly could use build On's help. Samake hasn't been to school, but she wants a better future for her five daughters, including Ramatou, 12, and Mariam, 10. \"When a woman attends school, she will teach what she learns to her children,\" said Ramatou, who wants to become a doctor. \"She will also know how to take better care of her family.\" Build On tries to build schools for grades one to three. If things go well over those three years, they return to help build another school for grades four to six, and then set up evening adult literacy classes. Ramatou and Mariam will not learn inside the walls of build On school since they are already in the sixth grade, but Samake hopes that they will be able to attend evening classes to continue learning. \n Answer: Its sources of money.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following aspects of build On is NOT mentioned in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2ba1c8ab9da5498b88947d0f66f4dc0e",
            "input": "Article: Taiwanese fishing boats that sailed to the Diaoyu Islands to protest  Japan's \"purchase\" of part of the islands completed their voyage Tuesday morning and have set sail for home.     Local media reported that the boats finished their protest  at 9:15 a.m. and are expected to return to a port in northeast Taiwan's Yilan county at noon Wednesday.     Although the boats originally numbered 75,they were joined at sea by other boats from different parts of Taiwan, raising the total number to about 100 vessels. Organizers said the voyage was made to protect  Taiwanese fishing rights in nearby waters and to protest  Japan's \"purchase\" of part of the Diaoyu Islands.     The Japanese government announced a plan to \"purchase\" part of the islands earlier this month despite repeated protests from the Chinese government. The action aroused demonstrations  across China as well as consumers' boycott of Japanese products in recent weeks. Local authorities in Taiwan have also protested the move.     \"Japan's purchase and nationalization of China's Diaoyu Islands is putting China-Japan economic and trade ties at risk due to man-made factors.\" An official spokesman from Beijing warned .      China-Japan economic and trade relations was back on track in 1952 when the two countries signed their first non-governmental trade agreement. Currently, China has been Japan's largest trade partner since 2007 while Japan is China's fourth largest trade partner, after the EU, U.S. and the ASEAN. Meanwhile, China is the biggest destination for Japanese exports and biggest source of imports. In the first half of 2012, Japan's exports to China totaled 73.54 billion U.S. dollars, down 6.2 percent from the same period last year, while its import from China was 91.29 billion U.S. dollars, up 7 percent from the same period last year.      Now, China-Japan economic and trade relations are at a crossroads. Negotiation  could be the way out of the rift. \n Answer: Textbook",
            "output": [
                "Where can you probably find this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7099d66a230d4a5cade002ebe4d77cf3",
            "input": "Article: Do you often find yourself crying in arguments? Does it feel like you just can't stop your emotions defeating you completely when you are in the middle of a heated discussion with someone, and you particularly want to make clear strong points and express yourself effectively? Many people think that someone who bursts into tears during an argument or a quarrel is    9 / 17  trying to handle the situation by bringing emotion into it. But the person who wells up tears during some heated discussion is not in control of those tears. They just can't control blushing  or stop themselves breaking out in a sweat if they feel nervous. The body has a number of such automatic responses that switch on without your decision that you want to respond like this. These instinctive behaviors have evolved over millions of years to protect us. Basically, our brains make associations between things that seem similar, which is important for automatic responses. For example, a snake is a potentially dangerous creature, and you can see why it might be useful if, whenever you see a snake, you will run like crazy. And you can see why it might still be useful if you see a flexible stick and get the same reaction. However, these very simple associations can sometimes be really unhelpful. It's not useful to try to calmly argue an important point with someone, and suddenly find tears running down your cheeks. Tears can generally make you seem weak, or foolish, and less credible. Who's going to take what you say seriously if you're crying? But if these reactions are not under your control, what can you do about it? The good news is that although you can't control automatic reactions directly, you can unlink unhelpful associations. And that means that an unwanted reaction won't get started, and so won't happen. Besides, you can try the following: Begin to notice a change in how you feel about previous times when you were defeated by emotion; Develop a growing sense of confidence and optimism about how things will go in the future. \n Answer: Great imagination.",
            "output": [
                "What matters when people are making some automatic responses?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c763658ea26541c3b3c6750eaa44f005",
            "input": "Article: It was a bad time for me . I was low emotionally and tired physically. Probably because of this I hadn't shaved for a few days. Also, because I had been doing some repairs at my daughter's house, I was dressed quite scruffily. Boarding the bus to go home I saw it was almost full so I found a rail to lean against. That was when a young woman, sitting with her child, stood up and offered me her seat. \"Wow !\" I thought. Out loud I said, \"Do I look that old and tired?\" She replied,\" You look like you've had a tough day.\" I thanked her sincerely and stayed standing. A moment later a man rose from his seat at the back of the bus and made his way towards me, squeezing past several people on the way. Then he told me about his addiction problems, asked for my advice, and just chatted about life for a few minutes. Then he went back to his seat. Very random! Watching him go, I also looked at the bus-load of people between me and his seat. He hadn't chosen to talk to those strangers. He chose to talk to _ for whatever it meant to him and whatever comfort it brought him. Why? That's when it occurred to me. I must have looked like I had been where he was. I probably looked like a man who would understand a difficult life. I was humbled and uplifted at the same time by the realization that even when we are at our lowest we can still help others--if we look like we might be able to meet them where they live or walk a while in their world. \n Answer: Because the writer looked exhausted.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the young woman offer her seat to the writer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e490cece5374719886e8c8ef0fb984a",
            "input": "Article: In the age of reality television,success isn't the only way to the public eye. Failure can also create fame,just like William Hung,21,a native of Hong Kong. Hung recently has made an agreement with USbased entertainment firms Koch Records and Fuse Music Network. They'll publish a record,titled TheTrueIdolon April 6. The idol is a civil engineering student at the University of California at Berkeley. He did a version of Ricky Martin's SheBangson the television showAmericanIdol3,on January 27.The Fox TV singing contest searches for pop stars among ordinary people. In the case of Hung,however,his act was so bad that the judges cut him off in midact. Hung's response?\"I already did my best,so I have no regrets at all.\" That's good,because any common person would have found plenty to regret:the offkey singing,the blue Hawaiian shirt worn with pants pulled up too high,the terrible dancing and the hips jerking   to a beat that did not belong to the song,maybe not even to this planet. It was,by all accounts,bad. However,it was this very bad act that sold well. Mare Juris,president of Fuse,explained it this way:\"Every one of us is happily guilty of singing our favorite song at the top of our lungs with complete freedom,completely offkey and completely unworried. That's what William did and immediately won the hearts of America.\" Whatever  _ is,for the moment it's big.Three websites devoted to Hung have gone up on the Internet in the past few weeks. Versions of his performance have been remixed with hip hop and technomusic and have made it to the top 10 request list at a Chicago radio station. So,what does Hung think of this? \"There were all these people saying things about me. A lot were saying I was very courageous and that I was great on the show,but some didn't have much respect for me and some were kind of mean.\" Now he says he's not so sure whether to distance himself from the glamour   or to accept it.Returning to normal hasn't been easy. \n Answer: Hung's performance attracted the public eye.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7344cac8e5b14ce889dc115d248568c2",
            "input": "Article: As a substitute teacher, my daily routine involves driving to a new school almost every day so I'm usually unable to anticipate the day's events, good or bad! On one particular day, I was teaching in a very difficult classroom. I was managing behavior all morning and by lunch time, I knew I needed coffee to even consider surviving the afternoon. So on my lunch break, I drove to a nearbyplaza to get a cup of coffee. Upon returning to the car I realized I had locked my keys and my phone inside! I had about 15 minutes to get back to the school which was a good 4 or 5-minute drive away. I contemplated  sprinting back, but it being winter, I thought a nasty fall on ice would only make the situation much worse. So I ran into a McDonald's which was in the same plaza and asked the man at the counter who happened to be the manager to please call me a cab. I briefly explained my situation to him, and I could tell by the look in his eyes, that he empathized. He hurried to the back to use the phone while I paced in the restaurant. I had less than 10 minutes to get back to my school at this point. The manager returned only to tell me that the cab company had put him on hold and then the line got disconnected, and that he was now on hold again, but had not yet been able to request the cab yet. My expression, I assume, began to resemble some combination of hopelessness and fear. Without a thought, he grabbed his coat and offered to drive me to the school. Without hesitation, I followed him into his car and made it back into my classroom with 2 minutes to spare before the bell! Upon arriving at the school, I thanked this man endlessly. His calmdemeanor and kind nature made me think he was probably a wonderful manager to work for, and also a wonderful human being to have on this earth. This experience makes me realize that out of every seemingly hopeless situation, there is the opportunity for acts of kindness totranspire , which can have an unimaginable impact on those who receive them. \n Answer: Because he wanted something hot to drink.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author go to get a coffee?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3771db45a40445e3b0c57bc76a42d108",
            "input": "Article: The dirty, homeless man sat on the pavement, staring at the stones. He thought back more than twenty years to when he was a boy living in a small red brick house on this very street. He recalled the flower garden, the swing his dad made, and the bike he had saved up for months to buy.  _ , for the brightness of those pictures hurt him, and his memory traveled on another ten years. He had a job by then, plenty of friends and started to come home less. He did not really want to remember those years, nor the day when, because of debts, he had gone home planning to ask for money. He felt embarrassed, but he knew exactly where his dad kept the money. When his parents stepped out of the room, he took what he wanted and left. That was the last time he had seen them. Ashamed, he went abroad, and his parents knew nothing about the years of wandering or time in prison. But locked in his cell he often thought of home. Once free, he would love to see his parents again, if they were still alive, and still wanted to see him. When his prison time was up, he found a job, but couldn't settle. Something was drawing him home. He did not want to arrive penniless, so he hitchhiked most of the long journey back. But less than a mile from his destination he started to feel sick with doubt. Could they ever accept this man who had so bitterly disappointed them? He spent most of that day sitting under a tree. That evening he posted a letter which, although short, had taken him hours to write. It ended with: I know it is unreasonable of me to suppose you want to see me ... so it's up to you. I'll come early Thursday morning. If you want me home, hang a white handkerchief in the window of my old bedroom. If it's there, I'll come in; if not, I'll wave good-bye and go. And now it was Thursday morning and he was sitting on the pavement at the end of the street. Finally he got up and walked slowly toward the old house. He drew a long breath and looked. His parents were taking no risks.  _  The man threw his head back, gave a cry of relief and ran straight through the open front door. \n Answer: He was longing to return home and felt excited.",
            "output": [
                "Why did it take him hours to write the letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-82183f9a1bab48e6bd82b427774b9431",
            "input": "Article: A blog can be a very effective way of spreading the words about yourself,and your other  writing.It can _ your knowledge,and create an ongoing relationship with your readers.A good blog is more than just a marketing tool;it's also an expression of your personality. An obvious starting point is to post samples of your work that not only show off your skills and writing ability but also leave people wanting more.Post elections from the most exciting parts of your stories but end them just as the action reaches its peak.If you write nonfiction ,show people what they can achieve,and give them a few steps to get them started. Give tips,information and advice about the subjects you cover.For example,something about struggling with difficulty and many other issues like this.Your writing tips can also be included,as well as interesting,strange or funny things you discovered during your research.Whenever you contact an expert,ask if he or she has any interesting stories you could use.You may also give background information about your stories and locations Give details of coming posts on your blog,so people can watch out for you,or come and meet you.Personal news will help people feel better connected to you.Include photos of objects and locations in your writing,famous people you meet,the views from your window, and your favorite things--with a note about where they come from and what they mean to you.Look out for things that will help your readers get to know you better,know the subject better,or anything else you think they might find useful,inspiring or entertaining. If you only occasionally post things on your blog,people have a tendency to forget you.As a writer you shouldn't ever run out of interesting materials to fill your blog with----and your readers will love you for it. \n Answer: What to Blog about?",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b9cbaba87d3e4e06b097750d74594228",
            "input": "Article: Below is a selection about Guinness  World Records. Top 6 Unusual Guinness World Records  Fastest 100 m running on all fours The 2008 Guinness World Records Day was, according to CWR, their biggest day of record-breaking ever, I- h more than 290.000 people taking put in record attempts in 15 different countries. Kenichi Ito's record attempt was port of this special day. He is just another example of Japanese with \"super powers\". His \"super power\" is to run with great speed on all fours. Kenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours in 18.58 seconds. The Japanese set this record at Setagaya Kuritsu Sogo Undojyo, Tokyo, in 2008.  Most people inside a soap bubble The Discovery Science Center in Santa Ana, Califomia celebrated this year the 15th anniversary of the Bubble   Festival. A bubble's math principles and science were presented and demonstrated at the three-week-long exhibition. The intriguing Bubble Show was also part of the program. Fan Yang and Deni Yang impressed the audience with their awesome skills for bubble making. The Yang family cooperated with the Discovery Science Center to set a new Guinness World Record for mow people inside a scup bubble and they succeeded. The family that has been working with soap bubbles for 27 years created a huge soap bubble and got 118 people inside it. The record was set or. April 4, 2011.  Longest ears on a dog A bloodhound from Illinois has the longest ears ever measured a dog. The right ear is 13.75 inches long and the left one 13.5 inches. The dog named Tigger earned this title in 2004 and is owned by Christina and Bryan Flessner. Mr. Jeffries is the previous record holder of this title. Each of his ears measured approximately 11. 5 inches long. His grandfather used to hold this amazing world record, but when he died Mr.Jeffries look over.  Most living generations Did you ever wonder what is the Guinness World Record for most living generation in one family? Seven is the answer. The ultimate authority on record-breaking mentions on the website that the youngest great-great- great-great grandparent of this family was Augusta Bung \"aged 109 years 97 days, followed by her daughter aged 89, her granddaughter aged 70, her great grand-daughter aged 52, her great-great grand-daughter aged 33 and her great-great-great granddaughter aged 15 on the birth of her great-great-great-great grandson on January 21, 1989\".  Most T shirts worn at once Believe it or not, there is a record also for this category. Krunoslav Budiseli set a new world record on May 22,       2010 for wearing 245 T-shirts at the same time. The nun from Croatia was officially recognized as the new record bolder by Guinness World Records after he managed to put on 245 different T-shirts in 1ess than two hours. . The T-shirts weighted 68 KG and Budiseli said he began struggling around T-shirt No. 120. He dethroned the Swedish Guinness record holder who wore 238 T-shirts. Heaviest pumpkin Guinness World Records confirmed on October 9. 2010 that a gigantic pumpkin   grown in Wisconcin was officially the world's heaviest. It weighed 1,810 pounds 8 ounces and was unveiled by Chris Stevens at the Stillwater Harvest Festival in Minnesota. Stevens' pumpkin was 85 pounds Javier than the previous re I, another huge pumpkin grown in Ohio. The proud farmer said his secret is a precise of rain, cow mature, good soil, sea grass and fish emulsion. Some of the world's heaviest pumpkins, including the record bolder, were on public display at the Bronx Botanical Gardens in New Yost for a dozen days. \n Answer: He participated in the 2008 Guinness World Records Day activities.",
            "output": [
                "Why is Kenichi Ito described <<s a man with a \"super power\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-74298f7b20254e43ba56aa38785623db",
            "input": "Article: Macao, also called Macau, is on the western side of the Pearl River entrance, at the head of which is the Chinese port of Guangdong and it stands opposite Hong Kong which is on the eastern side of the entrance. It is made of a small narrow peninsula  sticking out from Guangdong province. The total area of Macao is about 21.45 square kilometers, and it is made up of three parts: Macao Peninsula, Dingbat Isle and Lehman Isle. Between Macao Peninsula and Dingbat Isle there are two bridges which join the two parts together, and there is also a highway between the Dingbat and Lehman Isles. Therefore, two bridges and one highway make the three parts of Macao into an integrated region . Macao faces to the vast sea and its back is the Pearl River Delta. The two big cities, Hong Kong and Guangzhou, and the two special economic zones Hula and Shenzhen are its neighbors. All of this offers much advantage for its economic development. Macao has a population of about 450, 000. This is very large against the size of the area. The average population density  reaches 20, 000 per square kilometer. It is one of the densest population regions in the world. The majority of its people are Chinese, who make up 96% of the whole population. \n Answer: All of the above.",
            "output": [
                "Which is the advantage for Macao's economic development?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bd808e4f170d4cad89bbb86e8020636b",
            "input": "Article: Convenient location 5 minutes from Washington ,D.C. and one block to Crystal City Metro, Crystal City Underground. Alexandria. Free Parking, free Deluxe Continental breakfast and complimentary Hotel Shuttle  Service to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. 14000 Jefferson Davis Hwy(endurance on S. Eads St.) Phone (703) 979-3722 DAYS INN ARLINGTON Days Inn Arlington is located two miles from the Pentagon ,Lincoln Memorial .There is a restaurant which serves American style food ,plus two meeting rooms and an outdoor pool. Complimentary shuttle service runs to the Rosslyn Metro Station. Complimentary parking is available on the property .An experienced staff welcomes our guests. Phone(703)525-0300 THE HIGHLANDER MOTOR INN Comfortable rooms at moderate prices. Convenient location only minutes away from Washington area attraction. Near VA Square Metro Station and Ballston Commons Shopping Centre. Free continental breakfast, free parking. Phone(703)524-4300 HYATT REGENCY CRYSTAL CITY Conveniently located next to Washington National Airport and two miles from Washington D.C.  Complimentary Shuttle to and from National Airport, metro, local restaurants and shopping .Experience a view to remember at our rooftop restaurants \"Chesapeake Grill\". Call for Reservations. Phone(073)418-12341 \n Answer: The Highlander Motor Inn",
            "output": [
                "Which hotel does not provide service to drive its guests to the airport or metro stations?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b9b2c1d91bb948aabceaed69e467f575",
            "input": "Article: Doha, the capital of Qatar,is a city of contrasts . In a few decades it has beentransformed from a small port to an international city. Today, its skyline is shaped by rising skyscrapers, but Old Doha---though fast disappearing---can still be found. Time seems to stand still in the old quarter of the city. On the dusty streets, Indian and Pakistani men sit cross-legged outside tea shops and restaurants. At one end of the road, men queue by the doorways of crowded supermarkets to buy necessities: boxes of teabags, milk, sugar, bread and soap. The shops are dark and poorly stocked. However, only five miles away, on the other side of the city, Doha shows a completely different image. It shines brilliantly with skyscrapers, five-star hotels and noble apartment buildings. The area looks like any other modem district in the world. Qatar, a tiny gulf nation, is a country of vast local and international ambitions. At home, it has owned several international universities. Abroad, it tries to speak louder on gulf affairs. These ambitions are urged by the country's unbelievably rich reserves of fossil fuels.In December 2012, Daba was the site of Copl8 UN Climate Change Conference and in 2022,Qatar will host the World Cup. Mohammed Salim, 55, runs a hair salon in the old part of the city where he works as a hair dresser.When he came to Doha 22 years ago from Pakistan,he recalls,Doha was a quiet town with few modern buildings.\"At that time,Doha seemed rather small.There were no big roads or malls at all.\" He has noticed a drop in customers to his salon in recent years.\"People now tend to go to more fashionable hair salons in shopping malls.Some day this old area will be gone, and my business will probably be gone, too.I'll be sad. I love here, but things are changing.We can't ignore it.\" \n Answer: The city's old and modern districts.",
            "output": [
                "What makes Doha become a city of contrasts according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c983c25fad9c451ebbc869efd74c3fbf",
            "input": "Article: In the age of reality television.success isn't the only way to the public eye.Failure can also create fame,just like William Hung,21,a native of Hong Kong. Hung recently has made an agreement with US-based entertainment firms Koch Records and Fuse Music Network.They wilt publish a full-length record,titled\"The True Idol\"on April 6. The idol   is a civil engineering student at the University of California at Berkeley He did a version   of Ricky Martin's\"She Bangs\"on the television show\"American Idol 3\",on January27.The Fox TV singing contest searches for pop stars among ordinary people.In the case of Hung,however, his act was so bad that the judges cut him off in mid-act.Hung's response,\"I already gave my best,so I have no regrets at all.\"That's good,because any common person would have found plenty to regret:The off-key singing.The blue Hawaiian shirt worn with pants pulled up too high The terrible dancing The hips jerking   to a beat that did not belong to the song,maybe not even to this planet.It was,by all accounts,bad. But,it was this very bad act that sold well. Marc Juris,president of Fuse,explained it this way,\"Every one of us is happily guilty of singing our favorite song at the top of our lungs with complete freedom.completely oft-key and completely unworried That's what William did and immediately won the hearts of America.\" Whatever it is,for the moment it is big.Three websites devoted to Hung have gone up on the Internet in the past few weeks.Versions of his performance have been remixed with hip hop and techno-music and have made it to the top 10 request list at a Chicago radio station. So,what does Hung think of this? \"There were all these people saying things about me A lot were saying I was very courageous   and that I was great on the show, but some didn't have much respect for me and some were kind of mean.\" Now he says he's not so sure whether to distance himself from the glamour   or to accept it Returning to normal hasn't been easy. \n Answer: Success sometimes does not require hard work.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-29531ed3d49242ba930f78f85e86d72e",
            "input": "Article: For many in the prefix = st1 /United States, Arab-Americans are an invisible part of the population. Though Arab-Americans as a community have made great contributions to American society in fields from literature to politics to medicine, many Americans know very little about Americans of Arab backgrounds. Arab history in the United Statesgoes back to the late 1800's when large numbers of Arab immigrants first began making their journey to a land known simply as \"Amreeka\". Historians generally describe Arab immigration to Americain two waves. The first wave took place between 1860 and 1924.The first wave consisted of Lebanese and Syrian, and some Egyptian immigrants. These new immigrants, who were mostly Christian, came toAmericain search of better opportunities. Even the doomed Titanic, which set sail forAmericain 1912,had close to a hundred Arab passengers aboard. The majority of Arab-Americans today are descendents of the first wave of immigrants; they are the third or more generation Americans. The second wave of immigrants followed after World War II, caused by political unrest in the Middle East. This second wave of immigrants consists of mainly Arab Muslims and continues to this day. Arab-Americans make up 3 million of the population in the United States, according to demographers. And quite different from popular belief, 64% of them are American-born. 82% percent of Arab-Americans are US citizens. Arab-Americans are beyond the national average in both education and income. Education is important among Arab-Americans; 82% have high school diplomas, 36% have bachelor's degrees or higher, and 15% have graduate degrees. The average income among Arab-Americans is $39580, which is higher than the USaverage. \n Answer: Arabs in America.",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9c8fc917f1774f85993d72322afc1e70",
            "input": "Article: Though problems are a part of our lives, it certainly doesn't mean that we let them rule our lives forever. One day or the other, you'll have to stand up and say -- problem, I don't want you in my life. Of course, we've been fighting troubles ever since we were born. Problems with friends, parents, girlfriends, husbands, and children -- the list goes on. Apart from these, the inner conflicts within ourselves work, too. These keep adding to our problems. Problems come in different shapes and colors and feelings. But good news is that all problems can be dealt with. Now read on to know how to solve your problems. Talk, it really helps. What most of us think is that our problem can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help. But the truth is that when you talk about, you're setting free the negative energies that have been gathering within you. Talking helps you move on and let go. Write your problems. Having a personal diary can also be of huge help if you don't want a real person to talk with. When you write down your problems, you're setting free all the tension from your system. You can try throwing away the paper on which you wrote your problems. By doing this, imagine yourself throwing away the problems from your life. Don't lose faith and hope. No matter what you lose in life, don't lose faith and hope. Even if you lose all your money, family ..., you should still have faith. With faith and hope, you can rebuild everything that you lose. Your problems aren't the worst. No matter what problem you get in life, there're another one million people whose problems are huger than yours. Tell yourself: when they can deal with them, why can't I? Your problems might just seem big and worse, but in reality they can be removed. Go about and solve your problems because every problem, however big or small, always has a way out. \n Answer: How to deal with problems.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ee8b055a5cf74943bab6f5b0509d0fc5",
            "input": "Article: Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. Then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart. \"I have two kids in college, and I want to say 'come home', but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education.\" says Jacobs. The Jacobs family did work out a solution. They asked and received more aid from the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan   program. They will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school. With unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs. More students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need student loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around. At the same time, tuition continues to rise. A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007, while average family income rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade. \"If we go on this way for another 25 years, we won't have an affordable system of higher education,\" says Patrick M. Callan, president of the center. \"The middle class families have been financing it through debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.\" Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. The good news, however, is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted. \n Answer: They got help from the school and the federal government.",
            "output": [
                "How did the Jacobs manage to solve their problem?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-401564ad666c4250a73aa0a1413bf305",
            "input": "Article: The original Olympics took place nearly 3000 years ago in the year 776 BC. Many different sports were played, including boxing, running, throwing the discuss , though there were fewer sports involved than those in the modern Olympics. The Games were held every five years until they were forbidden by the Romans in AD 393. The first new Olympics were held in 1896 in Greece. From 1900, the Games were held every four years, only three Olympics were wiped out because of wars---1916, 1940 and 1944. Nowadays, different countries hold the Games in turns. The country which holds the Games provides vast facilities, including a stadium , swimming pools and accommodation , but competing countries pay their own players' expense. The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch , lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun's rays. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception : the five interlocking  rings symbolize   the uniting of all five continents  that take part in the Games. \n Answer: In 1896",
            "output": [
                "When was the first new Olympics Games held?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fdbbf56e737e408c8b50b45a6b447603",
            "input": "Article: There is nothing in the Hippocratic Oath that tells doctors what to do when they make a mistake with a patient. Nor is there much on this subject in medical school curriculums or in training programs.  _  Much was made of the Institute of Medicine's 1999 report that 44,000 to 98,000 people die each year in hospitals from preventable medical errors, many of them made by doctors. The report stated much first-hand information to address the problem, but there was little discussion about how doctors, when they have made mistakes, should deal with their patients, Everyone assumes that the ever-present threat of accusation has made doctors more anxious about admitting error, and no doubt it has, But doctors have always been tight-lipped about their mistakes, in part to preserve an illusion(,) of medical omnipotence  Studies suggest that patients are less likely to accuse doctors when they apologize for mistakes, and many hospitals now encourage their physicians to admit their errors. According to an supportive group called The Sorry Works! Coalition, 16 states have already passed laws giving doctors legal immunity  for their apologies to patients. Of course, there are plenty of doctors with a nice bedside manner who can get away with bad treatment. How else to explain patients who often line up in court to support doctors accused of malpractice ? The surprising truth is that many patients have a hard time knowing whether they are really getting good medical care. Because so many diseases change randomly over time, patients sometimes spontaneously  improve despite improper treatment. On the other hand, a patient who receives exemplary medical care may fare badly  simply because the illness is hard to treat. In other words, doctors are often praised or blamed, when the outcome is in fact a chance event. Many, perhaps even most, medical errors probably have little ill effect and go unnoticed by patients. Many lawyers would disagree, but doctors ought to let their patients know when they've made a mistake; it humanizes them and builds trust. \n Answer: The patient will usually forgive the doctor when the mistake are not intentional.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-50e21692c47446a587286b88479adf65",
            "input": "Article: Make your office space MANY of us spent our childhoods dreaming of becoming astronauts. However, the hard reality is that only a select few will make it. But does that mean you'll never get the chance to work in space? Not necessarily.     Space X, a private space company based in California, US, published a list of job vacancies   last month. These \"open positions\" are not only for astronauts, and they all sound just as cool. One of the most interesting space jobs that you may have never heard of is \"chief sniffer\" . NASA has already hired a chief sniffer named George Aldrich, whose job is to smell materials and components before they are used in spacecrafts. Using your nose at work might sound a little strange, but the job is actually crucial. A spacecraft is of limited size and  ly  high temperature, which makes smells stronger inside of it. And once a spacecraft is launched, astronauts \"have no way of escaping\" unpleasant smells, Aldrich told The Telegraph.  More importantly, smelling objects can help identify dangerous chemicals   that could threaten astronauts' health. Another job vacancy, the \"space tour guide\", may seem a little ahead of its time --after all, what's the point of hiring a tour guide when there aren't any tourists there? But in fact, many private companies are now providing space trips, and wealthy space enthusiasts   such as Justin Bieber and Sarah Brightman have already signed up for tours. It may not be long before space becomes one of the top travel destinations for Earthlings.  Being a space tour guide requires  rich knowledge of astronomy  , astrophysics   geography and history to help passengers get the most out of their journey. Tour guides also need to be excellent storytellers so that passengers can experience the true awe   of space travel. Astronauts often spend weeks or even months in a small capsule with the same group of people, which is why a \"space psychologist\" is also needed to help astronauts overcome mental challenges like feeling bored and lonely. \"We're crossing the boundaries   between science fiction and reality,\" said Rohit Talwar, chief executive of US company Fast Future Research. \"Things we've seen in the past in movies are now becoming genuine   career opportunities. \" \n Answer: Cool jobs in space other than being an astronaut.",
            "output": [
                "What does the article mainly discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f423734b36d448cb9599d46d007d1ebc",
            "input": "Article: Air pollution is one of the hottest topics at present because poor air quality is an important factor in both the incidence and cause of respiratory  diseases. Zhong Nanshan, a deputy to the NPC and a member of the CAE, said recently when the concentration of PM2.5 rises by 10 micrograms per cubic meter, hospitalization may rise by as much as 3.1 percent. Meanwhile, when the concentration of PM2.5 rises from 25 mgs per cubic meter to 200, the average daily death rate may rise to 11 percent. Zhi Xiuyi, a leading expert in lung cancer treatment and also vice-president of the CATS, said medical authorities used to focus on tobacco control as a primary means of preventing lung cancer. \"But in fact, air pollution is no less harmful than smoking and our research team released a report earlier this year showing that the cancer rate in Beijing is closely related to industrialization,\" he said. The report, conducted by the Beijing Institute of Cancer Research, shows that the number of cancer patients in China has increased markedly during the past ten years. Chaoyang District, the city's main area of industrialization, has the highest incidence of cancer, almost double that of Yanqing, an area on the outskirts of the city. About four out of 1000 Chaoyang residents have some form of the disease, with lung cancer at the top of the list. \"The risk of having cancer largely depends on the length of exposure and the concentration of noxious gases ,\" said Zhi. In response to the doubt whether seven years' exposure to poor air quality will almost result in cancer, Zhi said the time scale was taken from research overseas that suggested the rate of incidence generally peaked in the seventh year of exposure to a heavily polluted environment. \n Answer: Poor air quality contributing to lung cancer.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f070f19e3a2d4ab789ac79fcd4eacc88",
            "input": "Article: An apprenticeship is a form of on-the-job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning. It can last anywhere from one to six years, but four years is typical for most. An apprentice spends most of the time in a workplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman--someone who has done the job for many years. The rest of the apprentice's time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical skills the career requires. Being an apprentice is a full-time undertaking. One of the advantages of apprenticeship is that it does not cost apprentices anything. The companies that hire them pay for school. What's more, it offers apprentices an \"earn while you learn\" opportunity. They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman, and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies. Near the end of the apprenticeship, their wages are usually 90 percent of what a journeyman would receive. Apprenticeship also pays off for employers. It can offer employers a pool of well-trained workers to draw from.  Despite the advantages, apprentices are usually required to work during the day and attend classes at night, which leaves little time for anything else. Sometimes, they might be laid off if business for the employers is slow. Once they have completed the apprenticeship and become journeymen, they receive a nationally recognized and portable certification and their pay also increases again. Some journeymen continue employment with the companies they apprenticed with; others go onto different companies or become self-employed contractors. \n Answer: An apprentice has less practical experience.",
            "output": [
                "How different is an apprentice from a journeyman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ed024e0f6e9f4f0db837ab9442438053",
            "input": "Article: It is curious that our own faults should seem so much less heinous than the faults of others. I suppose the reason is that we know all the conditions that have caused them and so manage to excuse in ourselves what we can't excuse in others. We turn our attention away from our own mistakes, and when we are forced by unexpected events to consider them, find it easy to accept them. For all I know we are right to do this; They are part of us and we must accept the good and bad in ourselves together. But when we come to judge others, it is not by ourselves as we really are that we judge them, but by an image that we have formed ourselves .To take a little instance: how scornful  we are when we catch someone out telling a lie ; but who can say that he has never told not one, but a hundred? There is not much to choose between men .They are all a mix-up of greatness and littleness, of kindness and unkindness, of goodness and badness. Some have more strength of character ,or more opportunity ,and so in one direction or another give their instincts( ) freer play ,but potentially they are the same. For my part, I don't think I am any better or any worse than most  people, but I know that if I set down every action in my life and every thought that has crossed my mind, the world would consider me a monster. The knowledge that these thoughts are common to all men should inspire one with tolerance to oneself as well as to others. If they enable us to look upon our fellows, even the most great and respectable, with humor, and if they lead us to take ourselves not too seriously, it is well. \n Answer: We understand how the faults happen.",
            "output": [
                "What is the reason that we always forgive our own faults?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ddd317d1244a4fa69d12e2793f00d58c",
            "input": "Article: Regrowth Poetry Competition is open to all published and unpublished, UK and non-UK based male and female writers over 16 years of age. This competition is open to poetry submissions. Poems must be based around the theme of \"regrowth, birth, survival, and new life\" and in any genre. The poem should be between 5 and 30 lines in length (including title). Entry details, rules and regulations to the competition are listed below: 1. All entries must be sent using the form online. 2. Entry will cost PS4.00. You can pay online via PayPal or credit card. You can also pay by cheque, making it payable to Susan Cawte. The postal address is 412 Thorold Road, Ilford, Essex, IG1 4HF. Multiple entries are allowed. 3. Entries will not be returned. 4. All entries submitted must be work which has not been published elsewhere or submitted to another competition which is currently still open. 5. All entries must be your own work. Any entry found to be _ or printed elsewhere will be disqualified. 6. All entries submitted must clearly state the author's name, address, email address and contact telephone number on the submission. 7. The winner will be notified within one month of the closing date. 8. The closing date for entries is midnight (BST) 30th April 2016. Prizes: 1st: PS50, published story in the magazine, and a feature article about the winning author. 2nd: PS25, story published in the magazine. The 20 shortlisted authors will be listed online in May. Winners will be announced on 1st June 2016. \n Answer: Health.",
            "output": [
                "What should be the theme of the poems in the competition?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-89edcf210d2d463fa11b40ec1b745d2a",
            "input": "Article: Before the opening of the Cape Cod Canal in 1914,the only way ships could leave Boston was on a route around Race Point--the northern tip of Cape Cod.However,navigation during the 18th century was a nightmare,because the floating cross current  around Race Point caused countless accidents.So building a lighthouse to lighten the place was very necessary. As early as 1808,the people of Provincetown requested a lighthouse on Race Point,but it took Congress eight years to react when they finally paid $ 8,000 on April 27,1816 to build a lighthouse --Race Point Light,which was located in the town of Provincetown,Massachusetts.It was first built of stone 25 feet high with no foundation and its light was 30 feet above the sea.It was equipped with one of the nation's earliest revolving lights. Actually,there were two other lighthouses on Cape Cod,but they were hit by a storm in October 1841.In the following year,Race Point Light was examined by I.W.P.Lewis,who realized the light's importance.He said,\"The light should be useful to all ships leaving Boston.However,its _ power is so weak that people would hardly be able to differentiate it from the lights set on the ships which stay in the bay,or close by.It hasn't played its role as a lighthouse well.\" The result was that old lighthouse was destroyed and a new iron lighthouse with a proper foundation was put up to take its place.The new lighthouse was 45 feet high.Although the original keeper's house was in good repair,it was destroyed too and a new one was built.Today the lighthouse has been automated and Race Point Light is still an active aid to navigation. You can park at Race Point Beach and walk about 45 minutes to the lighthouse.Sunset at Race Point Light is one of the Cape Cod's most popular scenes.And at times whales can be seen in the lighthouse.For reservations to stay one night in the keeper's house at Race Point call(508)487-9930. \n Answer: It hadn't done a good job in helping the passing ships.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the original Race Point Light replaced by a new one?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6dca16a1f40e4e1f9a241baf0cabfd16",
            "input": "Article: It's the worst event in human being's nautical history , six times more deadly than the Titanic . When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II , more than 10,000 people - mostly women , children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany - were packed aboard . An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down . Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down . Some who succeeded fought off those in the water who had the strength to try to claw their way aboard . Most people froze immediately . \" I'll never forget the screams , \" says Christa Ntitzmann , 87 , one of the 1,200 survivors . She recalls watching the ship , brightly lit , slipping into its dark grave-and into seeming nothingness , rarely mentioned for more than half a century . Now Germany's Nobel Prize-winning author Gtinter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead , including more than 4,000 children-with his latest novel Crab Walk , published last month . The book ,which will be out in English next year , doesn't dwell on the sinking : its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later : \" Nobody wanted to hear about it , not here in the West ( of Germany ) and not at all in the East . \" The reason was obvious . As Grass put in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche : \" Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so dominant , we didn't have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings . \" The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was probably unavoidable - and necessary . By unreservedly owning up to their country's monstrous crimes in the Second World War , Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad , _ the neo-Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors . Today's unified Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long , troubled history . For that , a half century of willful forgetting about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay . But even the most politically correct Germans believe that they've now earned the right to discuss the full historical record . Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims , but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy . \n Answer: It caused the largest number of casualties .",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author say the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was the worst event in nautical history ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-07cc3348ddce428db5e2fad422d9c815",
            "input": "Article: Scientists are closely concerned with the structure of buildings and with the quality of building materials. The World health Organization (WHO) observes that the introduction of air conditioning and energy conservation   measures have been accompanied by growing problems of indoor air quality. Some pollutants arise from insulation   products, some from moving cars, and others from modern housing materials. As many Europeans spend up to 90% of their lives in buildings, the health effects of the indoor climate are very important.   Some construction materials, including fiberboard, insulation foams and certain glues for man-made wood floor boards, for example, give out organic products such as formaldehyde  . Heat and humidity increase the release of formaldehyde and the gas seriously harms the eyes. Paint, lacquer, etc. can also release dangerous gas into indoor air.   Construction materials can cause serious damage, especially when they contain asbestos . Asbestos is naturally present in rock formations worldwide. It belongs to a family of mineral substances made up of solid, non-combustible  fiber. These properties make asbestos a highly sought-after construction material. As early as 1931, however, public health officers in the prefix = st1 /United Kingdomrevealed the connection between breathing in asbestos dust and such diseases as lung cancer.   The land on which a building is sited may also contribute to pollution. Some kinds of granite or similar rocks contain traces of radium. As it breaks down, this naturally radioactive element produces some kind of radioactive gas that goes through tiny cracks in walls, floors and building materials, and makes its way into the building and the rooms. The better the homes are insulated, the more is the dangerous gas in indoor air. The main effect of this dangerous gas on health is to increase the risk of lung cancer. \n Answer: Some factors cause indoor air pollution.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ce2b1adde4d54e84858db01d9c9367f3",
            "input": "Article: The old camera Brownie picked up in a charity shop was a splendid find. But the undeveloped film still inside turned out to be even more of a treasure. New owner Don Roccoforte had it developed and saw in it an attractive dark haired woman in her thirties with two young boys. He immediately determined to try to find out who they were. A few weeks later the California-based camera collector received the news that left him _ . The woman was his wife Jaqueline's aunt in a picture taken around 50 years ago, and one of the boys, her cousin. The couple have now unraveled the astonishing coincidence, which leads back to Mrs. Roccoforte's native Lancashire, where many of her family still live. The camera was bought from a shop in Preston, England by Brownie, a friend of Mr. Roccoforte, who knew of his interest in photography and thought it would be an unusual gift. Back in California, the contents of his new possession inspired Mr. Roccoforte's curiosity. Recognizing the water in the background of the photo as a lake in Lancashire, he sent a copy to the local paper in Preston to see if any readers could help. Another relative recognized the group as Winnie Bamber, still living in the area at the age of 81, her son Tony, Mrs. Roccoforte's cousin, and Tony's childhood friend, Mick Murphy. Yesterday Mrs. Bamber was still gasping  at the turn of events which has reunited two strands of her family. She said she remembered taking the boys to the lake and losing the camera. The two boys, both now 58, still live near Preston. Mrs. Roccoforte's father is Winnie Bamber's brother, Billy Charnley. He and his wife moved to America in the 1960s. Their daughter met Mr. Roccoforte there and they married and moved to Preston for two years before returning to America. \n Answer: Mrs. Roccoforte is Winnie Bamber's niece.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c9d55cecd2af456a96298ee42a9f1492",
            "input": "Article: For decades,the San Francisco Bay area has been the heart of the computer technology industry.Many of the biggest technology companies have their headquarters in the area called Silicon Valley.But the area has not always been associated with charity . Now,a new generation of entrepreneurs appears to be changing Silicon Valley.One example is Marc Benioff,a donor ,who has called on wealthy donors to give more to their communities.He also is the founder of Salesforce.com,a computer services company in San Francisco who has helped build a children's hospital and given millions of dollars to non-profit organizations in the city. Money from the technology industry has also started to change the face of charity.Benjamin Soskis writes about the history and ideas behind charity in America.His articles have appeared in The Atlantic magazine and a number of major publications.He says,traditionally,donors have given after they spent much of their lives building up wealth.Usually donors are in their 70s.But an increasing number of people appearing on the list of top donors are younger than 40 years of age.Benjamin Soskis says that is something new.\"There's a whole new model that's appearing in which people give and accumulate at the same time.\" Some of the young donors on this year's top 50 list have started to change in the way people see charity.That is especially the case in the San Francisco area,where giving money and making money appear to be coming together.\"I think it's fair to say that charity is now a part of the Silicon Valley identity.\" \n Answer: He set up the company of Salesforce.com.",
            "output": [
                "What is true of Marc Benioff?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa6d5ac3ec064ca581a0c09232d71a5b",
            "input": "Article: Knowing that Louise Mallard had heart trouble, care was taken to tell her the news of her husband's death.      It was her sister, Josephine, who told her. Her husband Richard had been in the newspaper office when the news of the railway accident was received, with Brent Mallard's name leading the list of \"killed\".     On hearing the news Louise cried at once in her sister's arms. When her tears ended she went to her room alone. She would have no one follow her. She sank into the comfortable armchair that faced the open window, as if she was pressed down by a sadness that seemed to reach into her soul. From the window she could see the tops of trees and new green spring life. The delicious smell of rain was in the air. Some blue sky could be seen through the clouds. She was young, with a fair, calm and intelligent face. But now there was an empty look in her eyes, as she dully stared out at the sky. Fearing for her sister, Josephine came to the door and begged Louise to come out. Finally she opened the door. She held her sister's waist and together they came down the stairs. Richard stood waiting for them at the bottom. Suddenly there was the sound of someone opening the front door. Brent Mallard entered. He had been far from the accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood in shock as Louise let out a scream. When the doctor came, he said Louise Mallard had died of a heart attack. \n Answer: It was feared that the shock would kill her.",
            "output": [
                "Why was great care needed to tell Louise about the news of the death of her husband?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f1b3f844915349ec8fc5fe6b3bb600c7",
            "input": "Article: Patricia Blues, 29, has a new aim in life: to keep drivers' hands on their steering wheels and off their cell phones. On November 2, 2007, Blues lived through a horrible experience. A motorist dialing a cell phone drove through a stop sign at 45 miles per hour and ran into the side of Blues' car. Blues' 2-year-old daughter was killed immediately in the crash. Blues has since devoted her time top pushing for laws that would prevent this type of tragedy from happening again. Cell phones are not the only distractions  that cause accidents. Eating, changing CDs, reading maps, talking to passengers, and just reaching for an object on the floor can be dangerous. Therefore, the emphasis should be on educating drivers to avoid all distractions. However, talking on cell phones might be easier to regulate than eating or changing music. At least 34 states have already passed laws to restrict cell phone use in moving cars. No state has banned it yet, but several US. cities. Worldwide, 13 nations, including Australia, England, Germany, Japan and China have banned drivers' use of cell phones in moving cars. To date, no scientific evidence has been published showing that talking on the phone affects driving safety. But according to a test by some high school students, \"driving while on the phone does affect safety and probably shouldn't be done\". \n Answer: She lost her daughter in a road accident.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to Patricia Blues on November 2, 2007?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-697923b4f6f549358d2c20a24b3b1b8c",
            "input": "Article: Gray hair is simply a part of the normal aging process, and the rate you go silver is genetically predetermined. Going gray is not associated with earlier death, and premature graying is not, generally speaking, a sign of an illness or ill health in younger adults. There are, however, some specific health conditions associated with gray or white hair, but for most of us, going gray is just a fact of life.  Hair color1 comes from the pigment melanin , which determines your individual shade. Hair without any melanin is pure white. The pigment is produced in cells called melanocytes, which inject pigment into the hair. At some point in everyone's lifetime, these cells slow down and eventually stop producing color1. Scientists have yet to identify the exact mechanism by which melanocyte cell death occurs.  A study of more than 4,000 women and men from 20 countries determined that about 75% of people between the ages of 45 and 65 have some gray hair. In general, people of European descent gray earliest followed by Asians and Africans. It's interesting to note that a lucky 1 in 10 has no gray hair by retirement age. Beginning at age 30, your chances of having gray hair go up 10-20% per decade.  It may feel like you have more grays after a stressful event, but that's probably because middle age is basically a series of anxiety-ridden events. Between working, raising kids, and caring for older parents, the \"sandwich\" years of 45-65 can be stressful, especially for women. They are also when we naturally start to look older.  At this point, there is still no silver bullet to keep away the grays. \n Answer: Gray hair is in fashion.",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-975c93b54ac6448296154de3f678aca3",
            "input": "Article: Is it true that left-handed people are smarter than right-handed people? Chris McManus, professor of psychology and medical education at University College London, responds; \"If by intelligent you mean someone who performs better on IQ tests, the simply answer is no.  Studies in the U.K., U. S. and Australia have revealed that left-handed people differ from right-handers by only one IQ point, which is not _ .\" Left-handedness is, however, much more common among individuals with severe learning difficulties. A slightly higher proportion of left-handers have a stutter . Other problems, such as a higher rate of accidents reported in left-handers, mostly result from a world designed for the convenience of right-handers, with many tools not made for the left-handed. However, if by smarter you mean more talented in certain areas, left-handers may have an advantage. Left-handers' brains are structured differently from right-handers' in ways that can allow them to process language, relations and emotions in more diverse and creative ways. Also, a slightly larger number of left-handers than right-handers are especially gifted in music and maths. A study of musicians in professional orchestras found a greater proportion of talented left-handers, even among those who played instruments that seem designed for right-handers, such as violins. Similarly, studies of adolescents who took tests to assess mathematical ability found many more left-handers in the population. The fact that mathematicians are often musical may not be a coincidence. For other talents and skills, the benefits of being left-handed are less clear. In one-on-one competitive sports, being in the minority can be an advantage. For example, most right-handed tennis players have little experience of playing left-handers, but left-handers have plenty of experience of playing right-handers. Whatever the advantages are, handedness seems to be genetic. With 10 percent of people preferring their left hand, there must be some selective advantages, or else the genes would probably not survive. \n Answer: They usually don't have learning difficulties.",
            "output": [
                "What is one of the characteristics of left-handed people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c9c15d2b59234311b7406c3bedf2b3cd",
            "input": "Article: After we finished thirteen miles of hiking, we were tired and our muscles ached as we made our way back to New England. The car ride to the airport followed by a two-hour flight left our legs more worse condition than they were when we first came off the mountain we just climbed. When we heard that two seats in first class on our next flight were available for a bit higher price, we jumped at the opportunity. Our spirits lifted immediately. After all, flying first class was a new experience for us, and we would end our adventure in comfort and style. As we boarded the plane, we noticed that the stewardess  was working non-stop to ensure the comfort of the first class passengers. She could not walk by a seat without receiving an order. How much she must love her job! She smiled kindly at each one while attending to their needs. As the stewardess walked by our seats near the end of the flight, I looked at her and said, \"Thank you and I hope you have a great night.\" She stopped, bent down, looked at me and said, \"Excuse me.\" I repeated my words and she smiled in a rather funny way, almost as if I had asked her a question that she did not know how to answer. After a few moments she returned to our seats. \"I can tell you work with the public,\" she said. \"Why do you think so?\" I asked. She answered very quietly, \"Because you are the only passenger here to say something nice to me tonight and I really appreciate your kindness.\" The sense of belonging to the elite  group of people in first class disappeared as we heard her words. Our first class seats offered us more than a comfortable ride. We were reminded that without kindness, we would be flying in no class. \n Answer: In a mountain",
            "output": [
                "Where did the writer ever go hiking?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-20abc2af5042404b8fc3fc9b5f32ba7a",
            "input": "Article: A sobbing little girl stood near a small church from which she had been turned away because it \"was too crowded.\" \"I can't go to Sunday School,\" she sobbed to the pastor   as he walked by. Seeing her shabby appearance, the pastor guessed the reason, and, taking her by the hand, took her inside and found a place for her in the Sunday School class. The child was so touched that she went to bed that night thinking of the children who have no place to worship Jesus. Some years later, this child lay dead in one of the poor buildings and the parents called for the kindhearted pastor, who had befriended their daughter, to handle the final arrangements. As her poor little body was being moved, a worn purse was found which seemed to have been picked up from some trash dump. Inside was found 57 cents and a note scribbled in childish handwriting which read, \"This is to help build the little church bigger so more children can go to Sunday School.\" For two years she had saved for this offering of love. When the pastor tearfully read that note, he knew instantly what he would do. Carrying this note, he told people the story of her unselfish love and devotion. A newspaper learned of the story and published it. It was read by a Realtor who offered them a parcel of land worth many thousands. When told that the church could not pay so much, he offered it for 57 cents. Church members made large donations. Checks came from far and wide. Within five years the little girl's gift had increased to $250,000, a huge sum for that time. When you are in the city of Philadelphia, look up Temple Baptist Church, with a seating capacity of 3,300 and Temple University, where hundreds of students are trained. Have a look, too, at the Good Samaritan Hospital and at a Sunday School building which houses hundreds of Sunday scholars, so that no child in the area will ever need to be left outside during Sunday school time. \n Answer: To remind people to make remarkable history.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the girl have a purse with 57 cents?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5c2717e58be447db8f8beee800d54ac4",
            "input": "Article: From the health point of view we are living in an amazing age. We are free from many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once deadly illnesses can now be cured by modern medicine. It is almost certain that one day medicines will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased greatly. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the unbelievable killing of men, women and children on the roads. Man vs the motor-car. It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel  , his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man's very worst qualities.People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They say, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and completely selfish.All their hidden angers and disappointments seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving. The surprising thing is that society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is ruined by road networks; and the deaths become nothing more than a number every year, to be easily forgotten. It is high time a world rule was created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are unbelievably lax   and even the strictest are not strict enough. A rule which was universally accepted could only have an obviously beneficial effect on the accident rate.Here are a few examples of some of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through strict tests for safety each year. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can damage a person's driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much stricter. Speed limits should be required on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for car factories, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may not sound good enough. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the number of deaths. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars. \n Answer: Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8d708ee61a424f73803281d47fbddaed",
            "input": "Article: I can still remember the first day when I met my best friend. She had just moved into the neighborhood and her grandmother brought her down to meet me. I hid behind my mother and she hid behind her grandmother, scared to look at each other. Soon, we lost the shyness and started playing with each other, bike riding to each other's house and having sleepovers. In 7thgrade she was going through family problems. However, every summer we would always sit at each other's house and watch movies on TV and talk about all the boys we liked. It was last year when I noticed the problem. She suffered from clinical depression , and had to go to a hospital during the day. I was very sorry for her at first. But with the late night calls, and meeting each other halfway up the street at midnight, we still stayed in touch. I wanted to be there for her since her new best friend left her, and I knew I still cared about her like a sister. Yesterday she came to me and said this. \"I never knew what a best friend was until you were the only person that would stop me from cutting myself; the only person that ever made me feel better about myself and my problems. You didn't know this but I was trying to kill myself that very night you called me and I was crying. I owe you so much, and you didn't even know you were helping me. \" We both cried. And I guess a kind of lesson from my life so far is to never give up your friends. Even if they aren't as cool as others, or people think they are crazy, they need someone there. If you leave them, you will only be very sorry. So if friends need you, and you care for them, you should be always there for them. \n Answer: Because they were both shy.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the two girls hide behind their family members when they first met?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aec294444cf646678bbbe0ceab661df2",
            "input": "Article: GWANGJU, South Korea, Sept. 28,2013 (Xinhua) -- Cultural ministers from China, Japan and South Korea participating in the 5th China-Japan-South Korea Ministerial Conference on Culture held here Saturday agreed to strengthen cultural exchange and cooperation to promote the cultural prosperity of East Asia. Cai Wu, China's Minister of Culture, Hakubun Shimomura, Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, and Yoo Jinryong, Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Korea attended the meeting in the South Korean city with more than 2,000 years of history. At the meeting, Cai said that the east and west differ in history, culture and values, but the East Asia as a whole, especially China, Japan and South Korea, should take good advantage of their cultural and historical similarities, trying to create \"shared East Asia value\"and _ around the world. The ministers drew the Gwangju Joint Document at the meeting to strengthen cultural exchange and cooperation in the fields of culture industry, exhibitions, cultural heritage preservation and the youth exchanges to promote the program of \"East Asia City of Culture.\" China, Japan and South Korea also agreed that the host country of the annual ministerial meeting will organize a joint cultural festival, including art performances, exhibitions, academic seminars and other relevant events starting from 2014. The annual trilateral Ministerial Conference on Culture was firstly launched in 2007. The Gwangju meeting is the fifth round of this series, and the last round of this meeting was held in Shanghai, China in May 2012. \n Answer: GWANGJU is a South Korean city that has a history of more than 2,000 years.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following information is True according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-29291431a51a490aad0718ab86474504",
            "input": "Article: One-hundred-and seventh birthdays aren't usually celebrated for authors who aren't alive anymore. But Theodor Seuss Geisel---better known as the children's books author Dr. Seuss ---who came into the world on 2 March, 1904, was an unusual man. Like generations of children I was raised on his wonderful stories. But when I now read them to my children it's not just the childhood memories I enjoy. His writing is brilliant and imaginative and flows with a self-confidence as sure as the words of a Shakespeare poem. Readers ride his characteristic rhythm   with an effortless joy that cannot be matched by any other modern writer: You have brains in your head You have feet in your shoes You can steer yourself any direction you choose And will you succeed? Yes indeed, yes indeed! Ninety-eight and three-quarters percent guaranteed. Seuss's brilliant cartoons and clever words make his books a delight for adults but they attract mostly children of course. His stories teach kids moral lessons but in indirect and entertaining ways. The first Seuss book I was given was The Lorax, written just as the 60s were becoming the 70s. Seuss was ahead of his time, and in this book the dawn of concern for environmental problems are shown as the Lorax \"who speaks for the trees\" battles against an evil businessman who wants to destroy the forest and make goods \"which everyone needs\". It's not only a warning of the heavy price of environmental destruction, written well before most people had thought to worry, but it's also a smart analysis of consumer societies: \"Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot, nothing is going to get better. It's not.\" This is of course a moral message, but not of the kind designed to persuade the youngsters into behavior that adults want. I could go on, but hey, it's a birthday, and I'm sure you folks have some good toasts to raise for the party... \n Answer: To celebrate Dr. Seuss's achievements.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-85a57ba687da410d9da631491f1564a8",
            "input": "Article: In the computer age, most of us take a broadband Internet connection for granted. Whether cable or mobile broadband, today's connections are many times faster than those in the early days. Videos play smoothly, complex websites load quickly, and files download much faster than ten years ago. And the files are much bigger too. There's _ , of course: You have to live near enough to a major city to get broadband Internet. If you don't, it's slow dial-up access for you. And for those living really far out, there may be no Internet access at all. Technology experts often talk about the \"last mile\" problem, which refers to the difficulty of bringing Internet access to remote locations. In cities and suburbs, it's relatively easy to provide access for everyone. It is much more difficult to deliver access to those living far from cities, especially in developing countries. Internet service providers, for their part, have been reluctant to provide access to sparsely   populated areas. The handful of Internet users they would reach wouldn't cover the expense. But every year, technological advancements allow of more and more Internet users. Most broadband connections today run over existing cable TV and telephone lines although these technologies aren't available everywhere. Some companies have delivered the Internet over standard power lines. Advancements in cheaper, more efficient fiber optics cables   promise to bring extremely fast Internet connections to more users. Still, the \"last mile\" problem remains hard to deal with. There will always be somewhere that doesn't have an affordable broadband connection. But someday that might not matter. If the rapid progress in cell phone technology is any indication  , it may not be too long before an Internet connection simply follows you wherever you go. \n Answer: The rapid progress in cell phone technology.",
            "output": [
                "What may eventually settle the \"last mile\" problem?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d90cc6150a1e4ac5b4af76bdb9ccc22a",
            "input": "Article: You'd be forgiven for thinking that running after children each day would leave parents in the best shape of their lives.But a study has found that the mothers and fathers of young children are more unhealthy than their childless peers . Mothers with young children are heavier and eat more calories and fatty foods,and consume more sugary dinks than chidless women,scientists said.And both sexes are less active than those in their age group without children. Parents often choose quick,easily preparesd foods that are high in fat and calories,and by choosing these foods they may in turn serve them to their children,forming a cycle of unhealthy diet. Dr.Berge,one of the study authors,said:\"This isn't a study about blame,this is about spotting a very high-risk time period for parents that doctors should be aware of ,so they can offer solutions .\" According to the study ,mothers ate more fatty foods and drank about seven sugary drinks weekly,equal to about four chidless women.They also had an average of 2,360 calories daily,368 calories more than women without children,With that many calorise,women that age would need to be active to avoid to avoid gaining weight. Fathers ate about the same amount of daily calories childless men and both had an average boby-mass index ,but fathersgot less physical activity--about five hours weekly ,compared to almost seven hours among chidless men. The study has several limitations-there's no data on how many women reccently had babies.Ther's also no information on the number of single parents,who likely face diet and exercise challenges.Sarah Kriger,an American dietician who works with new mothers said some of the mothers may have had postpartum depression,which might affect their eating and exercise habits. \n Answer: Fathers tend to eat high calorie foods because they should run after thrie children.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mainly aim to tell us in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b62d57a12e804c09be0b2643dac017a4",
            "input": "Article: It was a hot afternoon. I had a quarrel with the airport staff  and then was asked to have a drug test .I missed the flight home later because of bad weather. Now my flight home was full and running late. I felt sorry and unlucky. At that moment,I noticed a 5-year-old boy standing by his mother watching me. He left his mother and slowly walked towards me.\"Great!\"I thought sadly,\"Now I have to take care of a 5-year-old child. My day is now complete.\" As he came closer,I found it was my hat that he was after. I wanted to tell him not to touch my things,but I was curious to know what he would do with my hat. With wide eyes,he gently touched my hat. He looked up at me,smiling,but saying nothing. I asked him if he wanted to wear my hat,he excitedly nodded,still smiling. I placed my hat on his head,but it fell down around his ears. He didn't mind and held it up with both hands. He ran to show his mother,then back to me,still smiling. With much respect,he slowly took off my hat with both hands and gave it to me. I put my hat on and gave him an airplane card. Holding the card carefully with both hands,he looked up at me and said,\"Mister,you sure are lucky.\"\"Yes,I sure am,\"I said. I admired the wisdom of a 5-year-old boy,as I got the last seat on that flight home. \n Answer: Unhappy.",
            "output": [
                "What did the writer feel when he watched the boy walking towards him?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-41e59d205ab149739ec74de3bb0aee97",
            "input": "Article: Generally speaking, government regulations normally ban anything from smoking in public places to parking in certain zones. But officials in the Brazilian town of Biritiba Mirim, 70km (45miles) east of Sao Paulo, _ . They plan to prohibit residents from dying early because the local cemetery  has reached full capacity. There's no more room to bury the dead, they can't be cremated  and laws forbid a new cemetery. So the mayor has proposed a strange solution: outlaw death. Mayor Roberto Pereira says the bill is meant as a protest against federal regulations that prohibit new or expanded cemeteries in preservation areas. \"They have not taken local demands into consideration\", he claims. A 2003 decree  by Brazil's National Environment Council forbids burial grounds in protected areas. Mr. Pereira wants to build a new cemetery, but the project has been stopped because 98% of Biritiba Mirim is considered as a preservation area. Biritiba Mirim, a town of 28,000 inhabitants, not only wants to prohibit residents from passing away. The bill also calls on people to take care of their health in order to avoid death. \"I haven't got a job, nor am I healthy. And now they say I can't die. That's ridiculous,\" Amarido do Prado, an unemployed resident said. The city council is expected to vote on the regulation next week. \"Of course the bill is laughable, illegal, and will never be approved,\" said Gilson Soares de Campos, an assistant of the mayor. \"But can you think of a better resolution to persuade the government to change the environmental decree that is prohibiting us from building a new cemetery?\" The bill states that \"offenders will be held responsible for their acts.\" However, it does not say what the punishment will be. \n Answer: Prohibiting residents from dying early.",
            "output": [
                "What is the bill to be proposed by the officials in Biritiba Mirim?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b73c9b0c2f1a4d2a80b35f81885add84",
            "input": "Article: The Arctic Fox  Characteristics The arctic fox is dark gray to bluish brown in the summer. In the winter its fur is white or creamy white. It has a long bushy tail, a short nose and small, curled back ears. It has short legs and thick fur. Its short legs and nose, thick fur and small ears are adaptions that help it survive in cold climates. Because its legs are so short and its ears and nose are small, they are less exposed to the cold. The arctic fox also has thick fur and hair on its paw pads that help keep it warm. When the arctic fox is sleeping, it protects its nose from the cold by curling its bushy tail around its body. The arctic fox is about three feet long and weighs between five and fifteen pounds. Males are larger than females. Diet The arctic fox is an opportunities eater. It will eat just about whatever it comes across. It eats small mammals like lemmings   and it also eats birds, insects and eggs. In fact, in the winter it often follows polar bears and wolves and eats their leftover kill. In the summer the arctic fox will carry extra food to its den and store it under rocks to eat later. The arctic fox sometimes even makes its own freezer by digging a hole in the permafrost   and storing its food there. A major source of food for the arctic fox is the lemming. In fact, the arctic fox population often peaks every four years in a cycle that follows lemming population changes. Life Cycle The arctic fox mates between February and June. The female builds a new den and gives birth to between six and twelve dark--furred kits. Both the female and the male will take care of the young kits. The male will guard the den and bring food to the den for the mother and the kits. The kits are weaned   when they are between two and four weeks old and then they will start to leave the den. \n Answer: It is difficult to hunt lemmings as food.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the arctic fox's diet?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc379035e32a48568a0a5f3cf5f51191",
            "input": "Article: Last week, on a flight to Washington, I met a confident businessman who asked me about my profession when sitting himself down comfortably next to me. I told him that I am an educator, and for twelve years I have been trying to develop and promote critical thinking about learning in mainstream education. \"Goodness, it must be the most difficult task in the world!\" He thought for a moment. \"Why do you do this?\" I talked about how I had started teaching geography. I told him about the struggles of being a headmaster. And then I told him what I have come to regard as my real turning-point experience. It was back in 1984, when I visited what was known at the time as one of the most outstanding high schools on the Eastern seaboard. After two days there I was totally amazed. I had never met such a fine collection of young people, every one of them apparently confident, enthusiastic, sensitive and well able to manage their futures. I asked the principal how this had been achieved and he smiled. \"We believe in functional literacy for all young people; that is, the ability to feel confident that you can handle the challenges of modern society. That confidence comes when you know that you are able to manage your own learning and will be able to handle that throughout a lifetime. And that,\" he concluded, \"requires the highest possible skills in thinking, communicating, collaborating and decision-making.\" \"But, for goodness' sake, those are just the skills I'm looking for among my employees,\" exclaimed my companion. \"That's just what industry has been trying to tell the academic world for years. Instead of listening, you continue to perpetuate   a set of practices which are opposite to those very skills needed in employment. You teachers think that life is about working alone on some piece of academic research in an ivory tower   different from the daily routines. You just don't understand about working with confusion, nor do you accept the importance of rule-of-thumb calculations or even simple guesswork! This is the real world. There are real issues. What are you or anyone else going to do about just that?\" \n Answer: His visit to a high school on the Eastern seaboard.",
            "output": [
                "What was the turning point in the author's teaching career?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-738bf5fdd4bb485391d7937833e8d349",
            "input": "Article: Cell Phones Are the New Cigarettes When you get on a bus, you reach for it. When you're at work, you take a break to have a moment alone with it. When you are waiting for dinner, you play with it.  Cigarette? No, it's another most addictive   thing in the beginning of the 21st century, the cell phone (i.e. the mobile phone). Experts say it is becoming more difficult for many people to curb their wishing to hug it more tightly than most of their personal relationships.  With its charming surface and its satisfying touch, the cell phone connects us even if we are only three feet away. In just the past few years, the cell phone has challenged individuals, employers, phone makers and counselors   in ways that its inventors in the late 1940s never imagined. The costs are becoming even more evident, and I don't mean just the monthly bill. Dr. Chris Knippers, a counselor at the Betty Ford Center in Southern California, reports that the overuse of cell phones has caused a social problem: a barrier  to one-on-one   personal contact. This may sound extreme. But we've all witnessed the evidence: the person at a restaurant who talks on the phone through an entire meal, ignoring his kids around the table; the woman who talks on the phone all the way, ignoring her husband; the teenager who texts messages all the way home from school, avoiding contact with other kids all around him. How is this improving the quality of our life? Jim Williams, an industrial sociologist based in Massachusetts, notes that cell-phone addiction is a symptom   in a widening gulf of personal separation. The study conducted in 2014 notes that one-quarter of Americans say they have no one to discuss their most important personal business with. Despite the growing use of phones, e-mail and instant messaging, we young people don't have as many friends as our parents. \"Just as more information has led to less wisdom, more acquaintances   via the Internet and cell phones have produced fewer friends,\" he says.     (366 words) \n Answer: in the late 1940s",
            "output": [
                "When was the cell phone probably invented?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d182e853c46b4178ad61967a05a67b60",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever done something foolish that made you feel so embarrassed ? Well, that's exactly how I felt. On a Saturday morning last autumn.I had gone to town to do some shopping and as I was on my way home,it suddenly began to rain. I at once ran into a nearby phone box because I didn't have an umbrella.It was raining so heavily that I have to stay in the phone box until it stopped. A few moments later,I saw a young man walk up to the phone box,wearing a yellow raincoat and holding a box. I didn't want to go out into the rain,so I picked up the phone and pretended  I was talking to someone. I thought the man would go away,but he didn't. He just waited in the rain,watching me. I had to wave my hands about and acted as if I was deep in conversation. Luckily,it began to stop after about ten minutes.\"Okay,Mum,\" I said loudly into the phone,\"I'll see you later Bye!\" I put the phone down, picked up my shopping bag and walked out of the phone box \"I'm sorry I took so long,\"I said to the man. \"Oh, I don't want to use the phone,\"he replied, smiling.\"I've just come to repair it. It's out of order.you see.\" I felt myself go red in the face and I hurried away with my head down,feeling a complete fool. That was certainly one of the most embarrassing moments of my life! \n Answer: Because it rained heavily and she had no umbrella with her.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer go to the phone box and stay there?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c6240abcd051414495866f8998b484ae",
            "input": "Article: Are you a problem shopper? The answer is \"Yes\", if you or someone else thinks that you sometimes get carried away with shopping. In other words, do you or does someone else think you are occupied in extreme shopping? If people have regrets later about their shopping, or have an \"out-of-control\" feeling about the quantities of what they buy or the amount of credit they use, they may be considered to be problem shoppers. Extreme shopping can lead to a more serious problem - addictive shopping. Addictive shoppers feel driven by the desire to shop and spend money. They experience great tension which drives them to shop and spend money and they feel a \"rush\" during the time they are occupied with the shopping activity. Extreme or addictive shopping may result from long-time unpleasant feelings, of which anxiety, pain and shame are common ones. When we feel bad inside, we often do something to make ourselves feel better. In this case, we often go shopping. A few people shop to relieve their boredom or emptiness. For some people, the motivation is a desire for status, power, beauty or success. Some love to shop as it makes them feel valued in the eyes of the shop assistants. Others shop simply because it makes them forget, at least temporarily, tension, fear or unhappiness in their life. Besides, shopping malls are designed to encourage continual shopping. For instance, there are some malls where you can't see clocks displaying the time because they don't want you to become too aware of the time you spend there. What's more, food courts, coffee shops and restrooms are provided, so you don't have to leave the mall because of your physical needs. Therefore, once you become aware of how market forces work, you will certainly come to control your shopping behavior. For example, how much time you will spend and what areas you will visit can be decided before you enter the mall. Keep a written account of what items you will buy and how much money you will spend. Make a plan for what you are going to buy before you feel the urge to shop and then stick to it. That is vital for gaining self-control. \n Answer: Those who just walk around the shopping malls.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following people may not be problem shoppers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d747826a76142e7b0c7f540669c1119",
            "input": "Article: For most of us, the purpose of the holidays is to bring peace, love, and goodwill towards all. Yet, for many, the holiday season often means stress, fatigue, pressure, disappointment and loneliness.  These feelings, often known as the \"holiday blues\", may be even more prevalent, due to the emotional turmoil  of the past few months, not to mention the unsteady economy. Experts say even the more ritual tasks of shopping, decorating, late-night parties, cooking, planning and family reunions can be holiday stressors. In addition, the psychological phenomenon known as seasonal affective disorder, or SAD, may bring a specific type of depression related to winter's shorter days and longer nights.  \"Certainly just because it's the holidays doesn't mean people are going to be happy,\" says Dr. Doug Jacobs of prefix = st1 /HarvardUniversity. \"And this will be a particularly hard holiday for some who are dealing with a lost job, debt, or even a lost loved one.\"  And with family reunions becoming less frequent events over the years, there is now the added pressure of getting just one chance to get it all right. \"Families are much more different now. The disappointment and sense of alienation that often results from family gatherings, is actually a realization that the fantasy is not met.\" says John Stutesman, a clinical psychologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago.  Still, say experts, the blues should be addressed. The most essential step, says Stutesman, is for the individual to acknowledge their feelings and the reason for their withdrawal. \"Denial will only compound the stress they're feeling.\" Stutesman recommends people do things that are normally comforting in order to get a handle on the holiday stress. \"If they're feeling a little blue, they should try to do things personally satisfying for them. Maybe this is exercise, cooking, reading a book, or massage.\" Stutesman also advises that sometimes \"avoidance is actually not such a bad idea.\" In some situations, fulfilling social obligations may be self-destructive when the best thing may be to just stay home. The healthy choice has to do with taking care of oneself.\" \n Answer: Feelings such as stress, fatigue, disappointment and alienation in holiday.",
            "output": [
                "What is the \"holiday blues\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3802798588a7412da48bbd8e431affa9",
            "input": "Article: I lay on the bed trying to put on my favorite pair of pants, pulling and dragging, but the zipper wouldn't close. Angrily I threw them to the back of the closet. I found a long large skirt, tied it around my middle, and then joined my husband downstairs. I caught sight of myself in the halfway mirror--I didn't like the person I saw. The weight kept climbing higher each year. The problem was that I hated the word \"diet\". To me it meant my keeping off every good thing I loved. Later that summer, I found myself out of breath when I climbed two flights of stairs and my heart started beating heavily. I saw my doctor and she told me that I needed to bring down my blood pressure. \"Easy for her to say,\" I thought when I drove back home. Up ahead I saw a McDonald's. I pulled in. The doctor's warning couldn't resist the pull of McDonald's food. The next morning I stepped on the scale and weighed more than I had ever had in my life. Just at the very moment, my thoughts were finally clear. To check the weight I needed to control my choices. Several days later, I went to my favorite restaurant for lunch--I only chose Chinese chicken salad. I felt great when I left the restaurant carrying a take-home box filled with half of that huge salad. But most of all, I discovered I had control over my choices. The weight came off slowly, but after a while it made no progress. Eating a light meal a couple of nights a week would help, but that meant I would prepare two separate dinners, for I would have to continue to make my husband his favorite meals, who supported my weight loss goal. Dusting off the old two--wheel vehicle in the garage, I added exercise by pedaling for 30 minutes after dinner. A year later I lost 25 pounds and my blood pressure was normal. I tried on my favorite pants again. They fit perfectly. \n Answer: Because they were too tight for her to wear.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author throw her favorite pants to the back of the closet?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c0931b6ccc244e489dfdcf86543a1551",
            "input": "Article: Once in a village, the villagers built a new church building and people came from far and wide to see it. They admired its beauty! They said it was the most beautiful building in the world. Up on the roof, a little nail heard the people praising everything about the lovely structure - except the nail! No one even knew he was there, and he became very angry and sad. \"If I am not important, nobody will miss me if I quit!\" So the nail then released   its hold, got down from the roof, and fell into the mud. That night it rained and rained. Soon, the board that had no nail was blown away, and the roof began to leak  . The water flowed down along the walls and over the beautiful pictures on the walls. The plaster   began to fall, the floor was ruined, and the Biblewas also ruined by water. All this was because a little nail decided to quit! But what of the nail? While holding the board, it was not known by others but it was useful. Buried in the mud now, it was useless and would soon be eaten up by rust! What the story wants to say is that every member is important to a whole group! You may, like the nail, feel not important at times, but just like the nail, your absence is felt. A big building might fall to pieces. You are important to a group even if you are small. \n Answer: Because he was angry and sad without people's praising him.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the nail decide to quit?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-265aeb2e2f174690b41aa3fbc48e23ed",
            "input": "Article: Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country's economy. It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country, keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and happiness of local inhabitants. Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country's economy can suffer. On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Businesses can also lose money. It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels, airports, air terminals, first- class roads, and other support facilities needed by tourist attractions. For example, a major international class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build. If this room is not used most of the time, the owners of the hotel lose money. Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many support facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity, sewers to handle waste, and water. All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because there are not enough tourists , jobs and money are lost. \n Answer: Planning is of great importance to tourism.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e6389947f9f54607b59be12a9eea2383",
            "input": "Article: Online educational learning games is an effective way with endless option  for teaching kids of all age groups, and children are also able to operate it without much assistance. Parents find it easier to teach kids through these programs, who become familiar with operating the computer. Kids have fun learning phonetics, spelling and even a new language. Children are not willing to learn math tables or difficult words at school. They find it fun to sit in front of a computer and learn language and solve mathematical problems. In this age of computers, computers are becoming an important part of the child's daily curriculum with parents opting to teach these children new things each day with the help of online educational games. Computers are also known to improve the motor skills in children. In addition, the level of these games can be adjusted according to the level and learning ability of the kids. The makers of the games keep the kids' interest in mind while designing them so that their interest is maintained. Another advantage of these games is that you can find free online games and do not have to invest in these expensive products. Other activities that are available on the internet include online coloring games. This is also a constructive way that children can use to pass their leisure time. Another advantage is that the children can lay in the comfort of their homes. Kids who are fond of playing on the computer can spend their time learning educational material instead on video games that teach violence. Parents have to keep an eye on their kids and make sure that they do not spend their time on the computer playing games that could be harmful for them. It is essential to direct the kids to educational sites that have beneficial games and are known to help the progress of these children. \n Answer: Online games can be helpful to kids.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-80e47bd651a84d0680032867a44be2be",
            "input": "Article: One day in 1965,when I worked at View Ridge School in Seattle,a fourthgrade teacher approached me.She had a student who finished his work before all the others and needed a challenge.\"Could he help in the library?\" she asked.I said, \"Send him along.\" Soon a slight,sandyhaired boy in jeans and a Tshirt appeared.\"Do you have a job for me?\" he asked. I told him about the Dewey Decimal System  for shelving books.He picked up the idea immediately.Then I showed him a stack  of cards for longoverdue books that I was beginning to think had actually been returned but were misshelved with the wrong cards in them.He said,\"Is it kind of a detective job?\" I answered yes,and he became working. He had found three books with wrong cards by the time his teacher opened the door and announced,\"Time for break!\"He argued for finishing the finding job;she made the case for fresh air.She won. The next morning,he arrived early.\"I want to finish these books,\"he said.At the end of the day,when he asked to be a librarian on a regular basis,it was easy to say yes.He worked untiringly. After a few weeks I found a note on my desk,inviting me to dinner at the boy's home.At the end of a pleasant evening,his mother announced that the family would be moving to a neighbouring school district.Her son's first concern,she said,was leaving the View Ridge library.\"Who will find the lost books?\" he asked. When the time came,I said an unwilling goodbye.I missed him,but not for long.A few days later he came back and joyfully announced,\"The librarian over there doesn't let boys work in the library.My mother got me transferred back to View Ridge.My dad will drop me off on his way to work.And if he can't,I'll walk!\" I should have had an idea such focused determination would take that young man wherever he wanted to go.What I could not have guessed,however,was that he would become a genius of the Information Age:Bill Gates,tycoon  of Microsoft and America's richest man. \n Answer: A librarian.",
            "output": [
                "What was the author when the story happened?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9160211df2e4ca291acb9072da349e5",
            "input": "Article: like many other fruit,Cherries  are packed with antioxidants that may help to prevent cancer and heart disease,as well as slow the aging process.Perhaps you've heare about the controversy between the FD(Food and Drug Administration)and the cherry industry and wondered what it was all about.Are cherries not as healthy to eat as you thought they were?Should you stop eating cherries?The answer is no. The controversy is over certain health claims made by the cherry industry and those who sell products made from cherries,such as pills,capsules and juice,not the health benefits of cherries themselves. While many scientific studies have demonstrated the health benefits of cherries, the FDA says that makers of products containing cherries cannot claim that their products prevent, treat or cure a specific disease such as cancer. For the general population, however, the bottom line is that there is no reason not to eat cherries. There are two types of cherry: sweet and sour . Sweet cherries are often sold fresh in grocery stores. Sour cherries are canned and used in pies, and dried to be made into fruit snacks and juice. Like most other fruit,cherries are fat-free, low in calories and high in certain minerals and vitamins. They can be eaten raw, cooked or juiced; if you want year-round cherry enjoyment, they are also easy to can and enjoy at your convience. Most scientific research has centered on the health benefits of sour cherries. Sour cherries are among the top fruit as far as antioxidant levels go. According to one study, eating 20 sour cherries a day could provide the same pain relief that aspirin does. Researchers in Texas recently discovered that sour cherries contain high levels of melatonin  , something produced by the body that is thought to help slow the aging process as. well as control sleep. Cherries may lower blood sugar levels and help to significantly reduce pain due to muscle damage. \n Answer: They can help control sleep if canned.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the folrowing benefits of cherries are NOT mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0bd4717fe423463fbfecf56112a69012",
            "input": "Article: Being that I worked in a grocery store for 7 years, I know quite a bit about impulsive purchases. In fact, I helped (sadly to say) push certain products by placing them in a certain fashion. Through said experience, I tend to know some of the best ways to counter the impulsive nature of buying things that are unnecessary. The following is a 3- point list to counter the need to buy something shoved in your face... Don't bring the kids. You wouldn't believe (or maybe you parents would) how much more junk parents buy for their kids that is completely impulsive. Working as a checker at a grocery store, I quickly learned that most of the time kids were with their parents, the parents would buy something else within 10 feet of the check stand. Bring exact cash. I like to use my debit card because I am able to track every penny better, but holding and letting go of cash is much tougher for me personally. So, if I am going through a tough time budgeting properly, I will bring the allotted  amount of cash to the place of business and only allow that to be used. Ignore salesman. If you are at a department store and someone asks if you need help, try to ignore their push as much as possible. Sure, if you know nothing about laptops, get their advice, but even then I suggest doing your research pre-shop. Salesman could care less what you want. It's all about what their quota or commission is. Ignore them. \n Answer: To give readers some advice about resisting buying unnecessary things.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author write the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb6f5a7891d845f1a71b7cd5ff71c8c4",
            "input": "Article: When newspapers and radio describe the damage caused by a hurricane  named Hazel, girls named Hazel are probably teased  by their friends. To keep out of trouble, the Weather Bureau says,\"Any _ between hurricane names and the names of particular girls is purely accidental.\" Some women became angry because hurricanes are given their names, but many other women are proud to see their names make headlines. They don't even care that they are the names of destructive storms. Because more women seem to like it than dislike it, the Weather Bureau has decided to continue using girl's names for hurricanes. In some ways a hurricane is like a person. After it is born, it grows and develops, then becomes old and dies. Each hurricane has a character of its own. Each follows its own path through the world, and people remember it long after it gone. So it is natural to give hurricanes' names, and to talk about them almost if they were alive. \n Answer: They can't find boyfriend.",
            "output": [
                "What happens to girls named Hazel according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5be82b1f1f13405da826e6bca75cdde9",
            "input": "Article: President Bush this week announced his support for a proposal by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon.Details published Friday said Israel would remove troops and all settlements from the Gaza Strip by the end of next year.About seven-thousand settlers live there. Israel would also remove four settlements in the West Bank.But six large settlements would remain.The ruling Likud party of Minister Sharon is expected to vote on the proposal on May second. Minister Sharon visited the White House on Wednesday.President Bush praised what he called \" historic and courageous actions.\" Mr.Bush said the plan gives the Palestinians, in his words, \" a chance to create a reformed, just and free government.\" Palestinian leaders have denounced the president.Prime Minister Ahmed Qureia said Bush is the first president to accept Jewish settlements in Palestinian territories. British Prime Minister Tony Blair was at the White House Friday.He said he welcomed the plan.Blair urged other countries to get involved. At least for now, Israel would continue to control airspace, waters and land passages.Minister Sharon says the plan is necessary because the Palestinian Authority has failed to stop attacks against Israelis.Diplomatic efforts also have not succeeded. A Bush administration official said the president supports the plan because Israel is taking steps to remove existing settlements.Mr.Bush said removing all Jewish settlements in the West Bank would be unrealistic. Palestinian officials called for an emergency meeting of the United Nations, the United States, Russia and the European Union.Palestinian President Yasser Arafat says the plan is hurting Palestinians and they will never stop seeking an independent state with Jerusalem as its capital. Israel captured Gaza and the West Bank in the nineteen-sixty-seven Middle East War.It soon began to build settlements.Palestinians want their own state in all of the West Bank and Gaza.They also demand the right of return to lands that are now part of Israel. On Friday, several thousand Palestinians protested against President Bush and Prime Minister Sharon. \n Answer: Israel removed troops and all settlements from the Gaza Strip",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d7f132cebdf8461b9f404141e04e2c90",
            "input": "Article: Mr. Selfridge, the Wisconsin-born retailer   who left school at 14, rose to become a partner in Marshall Field's. Chicago. Founded in 1852, it was one of the first and most ambitious US department scores. Mr. Selfridge had done well with Marshall Field's. He liked to say, \"The customer is always right,\" which made the Chicago store popular. And he is believed to have invented the phrase \"Only [so many] Shopping Days until Christmas\". When he visited London on holiday in 1906 he was surprised to find most of the city's department stores were no match of their American and Parisian competitors. This led Selfridge to leave the US and establish Selfridges. a department store named after him. at the west end of London's Oxford Street. In Oxford Street, Selfridge's design team shaped an ambitious classical palacc building with a wall of plate glass windows. Opened in 1909, Selfridges offered customers a hundred departments along with restaurants, a roof garden, reading and writing rooms, reception areas for foreign visitors, a first aid room and. most importantly, a small army of knowledgeable floor-walking assistants who served as guides as well as being thoroughly instructed in the art of making a sale. Mr. Selfridge did much to make the department store a destination rather than just a big and comprehensively stocked city shop. It became a place to meet and for ladies to lunch. Mr. Selfridge later introduced the department store as a key element of the 20th Century culture, and Chaplin acknowledged the growing trend for shopping in the department store in his film The Floorwalker. \n Answer: Affection for London architecture.",
            "output": [
                "What made Selfridge build a department store in London?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-89829d95f7654fe5aa6df8a614f64054",
            "input": "Article: Traditional fairy tales are being abandoned by parents because they are too scary for their young children, a study has found.  A research has discovered one in five parents has given up old classics such as Snow Whiteandthe Seven Dwarves and Rapunzelin favour of more modern books. One third of parents say their children have been left in tears after hearing the horrible details ofLittle Red Riding Hood. And nearly half of mothers and fathers refuse to readRumplestiltskinto their kids as the themes of the story are kidnapping and killing. Similarly,Goldilocks and the Three Bearsis also a tale likely to be left on the book shelf as parents feel it forgives stealing. The survey of 2,000 adults was completed to mark the launch of the hit US drama GRIMM, which starts tonight at 9 p.m. on Watch, and sees six drama series based on traditional fairy tales. The survey has found a quarter of parents polled will not consider reading a fairy tale to their children until they have reached the age of five, as they have to face too many awkward questions from their children. Steve Hornsey, General Manager, Watch, said, \"Bedtime stories are supposed to  _ children and send them off to sleep soundly. But as we see inGRIMM, some fairy tales can be dark and dramatic tales so it' s understandable that parents worry about reading them to young children. As adults, we can see the innocence in fairy tales, but a five-year-old child would take them too seriously. Despite the dark nature of some classic fairy tales, as we see inGRIMM, good will defeat evil and there is always a moral to the story.\" The study also shows two thirds of mums and dads try to avoid stories which might give their children nightmares. However, half of parents think traditional tales are more likely to have a strong moral message than a lot of modern kids' books, such as The Gruffalo, The Hungary Caterpillarand theMr. Menbooks. \n Answer: Rumplestiltskin may have bad influence on children.",
            "output": [
                "Why don't some parents want to read Rumplestiltskin to their kids?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8469a9552029441b88f7a3d20e6f13df",
            "input": "Article: Recently, an almost literal case of lifeboat ethics  occurred. On Aug. 4, Graham and Sheryl Anley, while boating off the coast of South Africa, hit a rock. As the boat threatened to sink the husband got off, but his wife was trapped in the boat. Instead of freeing his wife and getting her to shore, Graham grabbed Rosie, their pet dog. With Rosie safe and sound, Graham returned for Sheryl. All are doing fine. It's a great story, but it doesn't strike me as especially newsworthy. News is supposed to be about something fairly unique, and recent research suggests that, in the right circumstances, lots of people also would have grabbed their Rosie first. We have strange relationships with our pets. We lavish our pets with adoration and better health care than billions of people receive. We speak to pets with the same high-pitched voices that we use for babies. As an extreme example of our feelings about pets, the Nazis had strict laws that guaranteed the humane treatment of the pets of Jews being shipped to death camps. A recent paper by George Regents University demonstrates this human involvement with pets to an astonishing extent. Participants in the study were told a situation in which a bus is out of control, bearing down on a dog and a human. Which do you save? With responses from more than 500 people, the answer was that it depended: What kind of human and what kind of dog? Everyone would save a brother, grandparent or close friend rather than a strange dog. But when people considered their own dog versus people less connected with them--a distant cousin or a hometown stranger--votes in favor of saving the dog came rolling in. And an astonishing 40% of respondents, including 46% of women, voted to save their dog over a foreign tourist. What does a finding like this mean? First, that your odds aren't so good if you find yourself in another country with a bus bearing down on you and a cute dog. But it also points to something deeper: our unprecedented  attitude toward animals, which got its start with the birth of humane societies in the 19th century. We prison people who abuse animals, put ourselves in harm's way in boats between whales and whalers and show sympathy to Bambi and his mother. We can extend empathy to an animal and feel its pain like no other species. But let's not be too proud of ourselves. As this study and too much of our history show, we're pretty selective about how we extend our humaneness to other human beings. \n Answer: Human beings are more and more concerned with animals nowadays.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69fb7f027d5648a8a77c762f1ce3b390",
            "input": "Article: When I was in my first year of high-school I tried out for my school's basketball team.  Although I was very successful in other sports, particularly soccer and baseball, I was only a mediocre basketball player. I remember walking into the gymnasium and feeling shocked when I saw how many people were also trying out. I knew I was a good athlete, but I didn't know if my skill would be as good as the other participants. Try-outs lasted for four long days. At the end of each day, the basketball coach had a short discussion with each player. He told some of the players to come back for the next day, and told other players that they had not made the team. This is called getting cut. All of us were afraid of getting cut at the end of each practice. On the fourth day of try-outs there were only twenty kids left. I was one of them, but we all knew only eighteen students would make the team. This day was the most intense day of them all. There were many opportunities to impress the coach but there were so few people that the pressure was very high. I was not one of the best players on the team, so I was especially worried on this last day. At the end of practice the coach told every player to take one shot from the same spot. Many kids missed their shot but mine went in the basket. After practice we waited as the coach talked to each player. When my turn finally came my heart skipped a beat when I walked towards the coach. My head was spinning when the coach started speaking and I was almost shaking because I was anxious. The coach told me that I had done very well and that he was impressed. However, the team only eighteen spots and unfortunately none of these would be mine. \n Answer: To play basketball, soccer, and baseball.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's goal in this story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e4bef3fbf1b54dedb7565a0927402aec",
            "input": "Article: In the United States, a person has to be sixteen to drive, seventeen to see certain movies, and eighteen to vote. People can get great discounts on all sorts of things provided they're over sixtyfive. Everywhere we look there are age limits that define what people can and can't do. But creativity has no boundaries, no limitations. Anyone can invent.  Sitting in the car and waiting for her mom to return from shopping, Becky decided she might as well try to finish her math homework. But it was growing dark and getting hard to see the paper. \"I didn't have a flashlight, and I didn't want to open the car door because then the whole car would light up.\" recalled Becky. \"So I thought it would be good to have my paper light up somehow, and that's when the idea came to me.\"  It isn't every day that a tenyearold invents a product eagerly sought by several businesses, but that's exactly what Becky Schroeder did when she created a tool that enabled people to write in the dark. Her invention ---- the Glosheet. That night Becky went home trying to imagine different ways of making her paper glow in the dark. She remembered all sorts of glowinthedark toys like balls and Frisbees and wondered how they were made. She was determined to find a solution. So the very next day, Beck's dad took her on an outing to the hardware store. They returned with a pail of phosphorescent paint. She took the paint and stacks of paper into the darkest room in the house. There, she experimented.  \"I'd turn on the light, turn it off, turn it on,\" said Becky. \"My parents remember me running out of the room, saying \"It works, it works! I'm writhing in the dark!\" She used an acrylic board and coated it with a specific amount of phosphorescent paint. She took a complicated idea and made it work rather simply. When the coated clipboard is exposed to light, it glows. The glowing board then lights up the paper that has been placed on top. Two years after her initial inspiration, in 1974, Becky became the youngest female ever to receive a U.S. patent. She didn't actively market her Glosheet. She didn't need to. The New York Times wrote an article about an incredible invention ---- patented by a twelveyearold, and the inquiries and orders streamed in. \n Answer: She was trying to do homework when it got dark.",
            "output": [
                "What caused Becky to invent Glosheet?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a92c19b70fcb4bf18b6036c771d94fe7",
            "input": "Article: You are from a middle- class family, and live in a normal-size home without any showy possessions, but you are surrounded by surprising consumption . This contrast is beginning to bother your 6-year-old son. You are worried that he will want to live as they do, and wonder if you should move. Sometimes big pocket money, joyful birthday parties, special playrooms and super-big houses tell you that your neighbors probably have more money than you do, and that they're not as careful as you are with money, but you may find that they cook and dig in the garden with their children just as often as you do, talk with them as freely and read to them every night. Or you may find that some of these parents stay in one wing of their big house while their child plays by himself, way off in a wing of his own. In that unfortunate case, he is basically growing up alone without being looked after properly, but this can happen to a child who lives in a normal-size house, too, if he has a TV, a computer and a few video games in his room. Even the most caring parent doesn't walk in and out of it to see what show her child is watching, what Internet site he has found and if he's still playing that video game. Too much uncontrolled screen time may lead to a certain loss of innocence ,but mostly this child will lose the sense of unity and satisfaction, and if it doesn't , you might decide to move. Don't judge your neighborhood too harshly ,though. There are some things that are right with almost any neighborhood and some things that are wrong with the best of them--like those super-big houses. The wealth of their owners--and the way they throw money around--may make your son feel sorry for himself, unless you help him understand that you and his dad save some of the money, give some to people who don't have enough and use the rest to pay for whatever the family needs. Children want--should be provided with--explanations when their parents don't give them what they want. \n Answer: She cannot provide her son with a special playroom.",
            "output": [
                "What is the problem with the worried parent in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa489183bdab47fcbdbe0717f87950a8",
            "input": "Article: Watching television makes it easier for toddlers to kick and scream, according to a U.S. study. Children under two should not watch any TV. The longer they sit in front of the box, the worse their behavior becomes. Just having the TV on in the background, even if the child wasn't watching it, was also connected to troublemaking behavior although the relationship wasn't as strong, said the researchers. \"Parents should be smart about TV use,\" researcher Jennifer Manganello from the University at Albany, New York, said. \"They should limit the time that children use TV, pay attention to the content of TV programs, and consider how TV is used throughout the home.\" The study looked at 3,128 women from 20 U.S. cities who had a child between 2005 and 2008. While there was some diversity of education among the women, one-third hadn't graduated from high school. Two-thirds of the mothers said their three-year-old watched more than two hours of TV a day, and the average viewing time for children was around three hours. On average, the TV was on for about five additional hours on a common day. After accounting for factors such as living in a violent neighborhood, scientists also found watching TV was strongly connected to behavior such as hitting others, having angry moods, being disobedient , and screaming a lot. The researchers thought that children may see violence on TV, and spend less time on positive development tasks such as reading or playing. The American Academy of Paediatrics suggests no TV at all for children at two and younger, and two hours a day or less for older kids. \n Answer: Parents should watch less TV.",
            "output": [
                "what is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-265b1993f3a04d698b7d1e95d6b60acb",
            "input": "Article: In the 1950s,a family who owned a farm near Beulah,Michigan kept a bull chained to an elm  .The bull paced around the tree,dragging the heavy iron chain,which led to a groove   in the bark.The groove deepened over the years,though for whatever reason,it did not kill the tree. After some years,the family took their bull away.They cut the chain,leaving the loop   around the tree and one link hanging down. Then one year,agricultural disaster struck Michigan in the form of Dutch Elm Disease.All of the elms lining the road leading to the farm became infected and died.Everyone thought that the old elm would be next. The farm's owners considered doing the safe thing:pulling it out and cutting it up into firewood before it died.But they simply could not bring themselves to do it.It was as if the old tree had become a family friend.So they decided to _ . Amazingly,the tree did not die.Nobody could understand why it was the only elm that was still standing in the country! Plant pathologists  from Michigan State University came out to observe the tree.They observed the scar left by the iron chain,now almost completely covered by bark.The plant experts decided that it was the chain that saved the elm's life.They reasoned that the tree must have absorbed so much iron from the chain that it became immune   to the fungus  . It's said that what doesn't kill you will make you stronger.Or,as Ernest Hemimgway put it,\"Life breaks us all,but afterwards,many of us are strongest at the broken places.\" \n Answer: Nearly all of the elms died of a disease.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the elms in Michigan during the agricultural disaster?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0bdb9bf2f6cd49978e57b7235a6b8e2d",
            "input": "Article: Imagine going to sleep then waking up speaking another language. It may sound impossible, but it's actually happened. The phenomenon of being able to suddenly speak another language is known as\"Xenoglossia\", from the Greek words\"xenos\"(foreigner)and \"glossa\"(language).  _ once happened to a 13yearold girl from Croatia. After being unconscious because of a disease for 24 hours in 2010,she woke up speaking fluent German. The girl, who came from the town of Knin in the south of Croatia,was studying German at school but she'd only started recently. Her parents said that she'd been reading German books and watching German TV at home, but that she wasn't fluent in the language.However ,since waking up, she's been able to communicate \"perfectly\"in German.What's really strange is that she's now unable to speak Croat,her mother language.Doctors at Split's KB Hospital have asked some experts to examine the girl as they try to find out what caused the change.Dr Mijo Milas said,\"In earlier times this would have been considered as a miracle ;we prefer to think that there must be an explanation--it's just that we haven't found it yet.\" In 2007,Matej Kus from Czech became unconscious after a motorbike accident. On waking up 45 minutes later,he could speak fluent English.Matej was only 18 years old at the time, and had just started studying the language and so was at a low level.Peter Waite,Kus's teammate said,\"I couldn't believe what I was hearing.It was really clear English.It was unbelievable to hear him talk in unbroken English.\"Unluckily,Matej's new language skills didn't last.Two days later, when he recovered fully from the accident, he'd completely forgotten his English. We still don't know exactly what happened to the two people. Perhaps scientists will discover something new and exciting. But until then, keep studying! \n Answer: That someone speaks a new language in a sudden.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage,what is\"Xenoglossia\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-697010d1a5ce48a1b4873c1c1820dcfb",
            "input": "Article: If I raised the question, \"What would be the last thing you would expect to happen while watching your son's flag football game?\" you probably still couldn't come up with what happened to me and my family. As we were sitting on the sidelines enjoying the game, a low-flying bird came swooping in attempting to land on my daughter's head! It honestly came out of nowhere. We were seated by ourselves on the tree lined side of the field. I was able to calm my daughter's shock and fear once I showed her that the bird was not some wild animal, it was in fact, somebody's pet! Now, we're sitting at the outdoor fields of the Pontiac Silverdome, far from any populated area, wondering where this very social cockatiel, an Australian parrot   could have come from. I walked up to the bird and put out my hand. Immediately, it hopped on and chirped in a friendly way. We looked around us and knew that we could not just leave and suppose that the bird would return to where it came from. This was a very bird that needed help or it would not survive. The flag football game had ended so we walked the bird over to other groups of adults and asked if they knew of anyone who had lost a bird. All the kids were excited about the bird and fed it with some post game snacks. The bird's nails were getting long and he was looking pretty dirty, so we knew it had been out here for a long time and was hungry. Since its wings were clipped, it could fly a little but probably not more than 100 yards or so at a try. We all just scratched our heads as a group wondering what to do with the lost bird. We explained to the kids that this bird needed our help since it was someone's pet and would not know how to get its own food, and it could not fly well since its wings were clipped. The kids understood, and all of them wanted to take the bird home! The parents however, knew this was not a good choice as one had a large dog, another two cats, etc. We explained to the kids that one of us could take the bird home for the night and then bring it to the Humane Society in the morning in hopes to connect it to its owners. We couldn't keep the bird. It wasn't ours. This was tough for the kids to understand at first. We couldn't just leave the bird either. There was no way it could attend itself. The group of us sat around the Silverdome practice fields for quite a while trying to determine the best course of choice for the lost bird. It was getting dark out but no one was willing to leave that parking lot until we had a game plan for how to help the bird. The owner of the football league, Chris Novak, offered to take the bird. It was extremely nice of him and he really stepped in to help while all the rest of us who had kids tugging on our shirts and begging to take it home. We took a box and put a bunch of holes in it and he brought it home for the night. Another mom went online and found a family that had lost a bird that looked just like the one we'd found. She emailed the info to Chris who got in touch with the family and the next day, reunited the bird with the family that lost it almost 3 weeks earlier! When Chris emailed us to let us know, we could not believe that this bird had traveled from The Rochester Tienken area all the way to the Silverdome! We were so happy to be able to save this bird and get it back to its family. I showed my kids the email about how the other family got their pet back. The family has 3 kids who were so happy to see their bird. My kids realized what a nice ending this story had. Not only had we been able to save this bird's life, but we were able to bring it back to the family that loves and misses him. The life lesson in the missing bird story seemed to miss its mark with my kids at first. They were a little bummed out that they couldn't keep the lost bird. I explained to them that when an animal or someone needs help, you just can't turn a blind eye and hope everything works out OK. The \"lost bird incident\" was also a reminder to them that teamwork and the kindness of strangers can make a world of difference and that a group of well-meaning strangers can work together to help someone. It wasn't a heroic act, but one that I knew had sunk in with my kids when they realized that trying to help was the best and only real course of action. \n Answer: A parrot landed on his daughter's head.",
            "output": [
                "What happened when the author watched his son's football games?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-66bf2f891366473e969919541e4373ff",
            "input": "Article: Back in the days when I wrote my first songs, I hated my voice. I saw myself as a songwriter and guitarist but never a singer! I continued to write songs, and to search for the perfect singer. After a few years I did discover a singer, so we started a project together. We held a few concerts, and put a lot of work into it. She forces me to sing some songs at concerts myself, so I started going to a bar to practice them. This was my first, small breakthrough. One day she came round to my flat and informed me that she could no longer work with me, and also that the bar owner at the open mic venue  had replaced us at short notice because some New York jazz star happened to be in town, and was available that evening to perform. The first bit of news made me sad and disappointed, but the second made me angry. However, that same evening, with as much determination as I could muster  , I resolved to play three new songs at the bar, just as I had planned before. I was quite nervous, but I dragged myself down to the bar and sang those songs! I never felt so liberated . That night I couldn't get to sleep. I was simply astonished, hardly believing that I was a person who acted so courageously, and that I'd been able to sing my songs myself. Since then I've begun to encourage others to adopt a similar approach when they aren't able to see their own potential. One example is an amateur fiddler   who could barely bring herself to lift her instrument to play in front of people. I forced her to ignore her fear, and simply get on with it. Now, a year or two later, she is a passionate, happy performer in front of any crowd! Once you get the ball rolling in yourself, you can start inspiring those around you. \n Answer: She was able to sing all of her songs.",
            "output": [
                "What was the author's first breakthrough?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f17f2b7936b458da63a024e3b81145c",
            "input": "Article: The morning had been a disaster. My tooth was aching,and I'd been in an argument with a friend. Her words still hurt:\"The trouble with you is that you won't put yourself in my place. Can't you see things from my point of view?\"I shook my head stubbornly-and felt the ache in my tooth. I'd thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday,but the pain was really unbearable. I started calling the dentists in the phone book,but no one could see me immediately. Finally,at about lunchtime,I got lucky. \"If you come by right now,\"the receptionist said,\"the dentist will fit you in.\" I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car. But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist. What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice?Why wasn't he as busy as the others? In the dentist's office,I sat down and looked around. I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even more worried. The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my icecold one. When I told her my fears,she laughed and said,\"Don't worry. The dentist is very good.\" \"How long do I have to wait for him?\"I asked impatiently. \"Come on,he is coming. Just lie down and relax. And enjoy the artwork,\"the assistant said. \"The artwork?\"I was puzzled. The chair went back. Suddenly I smiled. There was a beautiful picture,right where I could enjoy it:on the ceiling. How considerate the dentist was!At that moment,I began to understand what my friend meant by her words.  What a relief! \n Answer: Upset.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best describes the author's feeling that morning?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b21de90f19e24f74bf0d8b76a2e1ec03",
            "input": "Article: Wide awake in Aunt Bet's Southern house, Annie Van Lew shivered at the sounds of distant guns. It was bad enough that America was at war, but the young Virginia girl was not used to battles being fought this close.  _ .Annie sat up in bed and listened.Had a stranger broken in? Earlier, the family had heard that captured officers recently escaped from a prison nearby.    Quietly opening her bedroom door, Annie walked out. A figure in a black gown was walking down the hall. It was Aunt Bet, carrying a candle in one hand and a plate of fried chicken in the other.    Annie followed her aunt to a stairway at the far end of the house. Aunt Bet climbed to the top, and opened a door leading to the attic . Annie followed closely behind.    In the attic, Aunt Bet stopped at a chest of drawers, moved it aside, and felt along the wall behind it. Slowly a door sprang open, revealing a hidden room. A thin man stepped out of the opening. As Aunt Bet handed him the plate of food, the young man saw Annie in the doorway and froze. Desperately shaking her head \"no\", the girl raised one finger to her lips. The officer understood and shifted his look. Quickly Annie went back downstairs and hid, waiting until after Aunt Bet left to return. Back inside the attic,Annie called softly to the man inside, who told her where to find the hidden spring.    Soon the young officer stood in the open doorway. A small candle burned on a table behind him and, in its soft light, Annie studied his face. Clear eyes reflected the calm of one who faced death bravely.    Smiling, he said,\"What trouble you should have gotten into if your aunt had turned around!\" That night, Annie learned Aunt Bet was one of many daring Southerners whose hatred  of slavery drove them to risk their lives by spying for the North. The girl chatted as she dared, wishing her new friend luck when he said he would leave at dawn.     Back in her room, Annie felt proud and was determined to guard her family's secret to the end. \n Answer: So Aunt Bet would not know she was there",
            "output": [
                "Why did the officer look away when Annie put her finger to her lips?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-884ca391a6654b4a8a5c5e29a4374f98",
            "input": "Article: Some people would go through anything just to achieve their dream. Kasia Siwosz is proof. For the final year student on the university women's tennis team, the road to Berkeley, University of California was met with poor advice and misinformation from her home country and _ along the way that fell short of expectations. Born in Poland, Siwosz began playing tennis at seven years old and developed the skills that helped her earn a top-50 ranking among the ITF Junior division . Siwosz wanted to do more with her life than just play tennis, which led her to seek chances that would also allow her to obtain a top education. While most who grow up in the U.S. are naturally accustomed to the American tradition of collegiate  sports, such a custom is not as familiar in a country like Poland. \"There's no collegiate sports in Poland and no culture of sports and academic  study there. You can only do one, not both,\" Siwosz said. Her desire to have a quality education led her to America to follow her dream. While Siwosz was talented enough to begin her collegiate tennis career, she could only attend community college because she missed the deadline to apply to four-year schools, mainly due to misinformation provided in her home country of Poland. When she had earned all her credits and was able to transfer , Siwosz made the decision to attend Baylor in Texas. Her friends from Poland put in a good word for the university, saying that it was a good fit because there were many international players at Baylor. \"I thought it would be a good idea, but it really wasn't what I thought it would be,\" Siwosz said. \"I wasn't happy at Baylor. The level of tennis was high, but the academic standards were no match and I just wanted more.\" After one year at Baylor, Siwosz's luck finally began to change when she made the decision to transfer to Berkeley, which was due in large part to Lee, a former Berkeley student. Lee, who is a keen tennis player himself, met Siwosz four years ago in Texas. \"I knew she was unhappy there,\" he said. \"I saw the opportunity for her to come here.\" Siwosz visited Lee in Berkeley. \"I ended up loving this place and this school,\" Siwosz said. \"I came here a lot over the summer, I _ and I ended up with a Berkeley education and a spot on one of the best college tennis teams in the country.\" \n Answer: She wanted to improve her tennis skills and get a higher ranking.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Siwosz want to leave her homeland for America?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-426036bb8d6e46818f6c9791a75bab88",
            "input": "Article: Mickey Mouse wants to help kids kick the junk food habit. The Walt Disney Company announced that it plans to advertise only healthier foods to kid. By 2015, all food and drink products that are advertised on its TV channels, radio stations and websites will have to meet the company's nutrition standard for limiting calories and reducing fat, sodium and sugar. Many foods, such as fruit drinks, candy and snack cakes, won't meet the standard. First Lady Michelle Obama called it a \"game changer\". \"Disney is doing what no major media company has ever done before in the US - and what I hope every company will do in the future.\" \"This is a landmark , because a major media company is taking responsibility for what food they advertise to children,\" says Margo Wootan, director of nutrition policy for the Center for Science in the Public Interest. \"This should be a real wake-up call to Nickelodeon(an American children's channel) and the Cartoon Network to do the same.\" But the company will still be able to advertise \"better-for-you versions of products that are not perfectly nutritious.\" Under the new standards, breakfast cereals that are advertised will have to contain fewer than 10 grams of sugar in a serving, Wootan says. \"That's a good step forward, but it's not perfectly nutritious.\" Jon Leibowitz, chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, says Disney is making this move \"at perhaps some risk of affecting their incomes, so that's why we should praise them.\" Food marketing is really \"important because it shapes the way kids are fed,\" Wootan says. \"If we don't deal with food marketing to kids, we don't have any chance of addressing childhood obesity.\" Currently, a third of children are overweight, putting them at a greater risk for serious health problems. At its theme parks, Disney began offering healthier kids' meals, serving carrots and other vegetables, fruits, low-fat milk and yogurt at meals, instead of fries and soft drinks. \n Answer: He thinks very highly of it.",
            "output": [
                "What does Margo Wootan think of Disney's new move?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-514d1732a2de46a6a3a6494fa062bd46",
            "input": "Article: Have you thought about what you want people to say about you after you're gone? Can you hear the voice saying,\"He was a great man.\"or\"She really will be missed.\"What else do they say? One of the phenomena of life is to engage in a work that will last long after death. Isn't that a lot like investing all your money so that future generations can get interest on it? Perhaps, yet if you look deep in your own heart, you'll find something drives you to make this kind of contribution -- something drives every human being to find a purpose that lives on after death. Do you hope to memorialize your name? Have a name that is whispered with reverent awe? Do you hope to have your face carved upon 50 feet of granite rock ? Is the answer really that simple? Is the purpose of lifetime contribution an ego-driven desire for a mortal  being to have an immortal name or is it something more? A child alive today will die tomorrow. A baby that has the potential to be the next Einstein will die from complications at birth.The circumstances of life are not set in stone. We are not all meant to live life through to old age. We've grown to perceive life as a full cycle with a certain number of years in between. If all of those years aren't lived out, it's a tragedy. A tragedy comes about because a human's potential has never been realized. A tragedy comes about because a spark was snuffed out before it ever became a flame. By virtue of inhabiting a body we accept these risks. We expose our mortal flesh to the laws of the physical environment around us. The trade-off isn't so bad when you think about it. The problem comes when we construct mortal fantasies of what life should be like. When life doesn't conform to our fantasy we grow upset, frustrated, or depressed. We are alive; let us live. We have the ability to experience; let us experience. We have the ability to learn; let us learn. The meaning of life can be grasped in a moment. A moment so brief that it often evades our perception. What meaning stands behind the dramatic unfolding of life? What single truth can we grasp and hang onto for dear life when all other truths around us seem to fade with time? These moments are strung together in a series we call events. These events are strung together in a series we call life. When we seize the moment and bend it to our will, a will driven by the spirit deep inside us, then we have discovered the meaning of life, a meaning for us that shall go on long after we depart this Earth. \n Answer: Because they want to make others satisfied with them.",
            "output": [
                "Why are people devoted to a career lasting long even after their death?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-75bd7880844e48b6b2315906b150f74f",
            "input": "Article: Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less. Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with you eyes closed. Imagine having to read this page, not with your eyes but with your finger-tips. With existing medical knowledge and skills, two-thirds of the world's 42 million blind should not have to suffer. Unfortunately, rich countries posses most of this knowledge, while developing countries do not. ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye hospital. ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide. Inside a DC-8 aircraft, there is a fully-equipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom. Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people there. Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation  among countries. ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three-week medical programs. ORBIS has taught sight-saving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses, who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year. ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs is China so far. For the seven to ten million blind in China ORBIS is planning to do more for them. At the moment an ORBIS is working on a long-term plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care service to Shanxi Province. ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness. For just US$38,you can help one person see; for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people; $1,300 helps teach a doctor new skills; and for $13,000 you can provide a training programme for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again. Your money can open their eyes to the world. Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves. \n Answer: They have benefited most of the blind",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-523090d6f000443684a8d669bb935d36",
            "input": "Article: England became England, the land of English-speaking people, at the beginning of the Middle Ages. Before that it had been the home of Iron Age tribes known as Celts, and for a time, part of the Roman Empire. Then beginning in the 400s AD, tribes from the north, known as the Engles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, moved in. The most famous leader of this time period in England was Alfred the Great. Alfred lived in Wessex, the kingdom of the West Saxons, which was in the southern part of England. He was a good leader who made his kingdom stronger. He created a system of defenses , called burhs, across the country. He reorganized the army so that his men had time to fight and time to farm. Alfred's efforts protected his people from the Vikings and allowed Wessex to grow. Eventually the rulers of Wessex would rule all of England. Alfred also made other improvements. He made laws for his people. He encouraged learning and translated several important books into his Saxon language. This was the beginning of the language we call English today. Two important pieces of literature from that time period are the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and Beowulf, both written in Old English. Old English lasted through most of the Middle Ages. Middle English came in during the late Middle Ages, and Modern English began about the time of the Renaissance. England and English got their names, not from the Saxons, but from one of the other tribes, and Angles. The original name of England must have been something like Angle-land(only in old English of course). \n Answer: The Celts.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following tribes lived in the Iron Ages?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-255df7044b324e5b847dc7f8da540126",
            "input": "Article: A few days ago we - that's me and the husband - took a cab to the station. Chat with the driver fell to the wrong of cyclists, and the misunderstanding of the road rules. So far as the rules of the road go, there seems to be one basic principle: when you are driving a car you hate bikes, when you are riding a bike you hate cars (and I guess walkers hate everyone). There is an obvious difference of viewpoint built in here. It wasn't until I started to drive a car (almost 20years after I had first rode a bike) that I actually realized that you could not see a cyclist at night without lights. In fact I now want to shout at late night cyclists without lights(like motortists once did at me): \"You'll get killed, sunshine, I can't see you.\" The problem is that cyclists do ride headlong into danger. It's not just not having lights. It's biking on pavements (and so threatening to injure a load of innocent walkers in the process) and biking down one-way streets the wrong way. I admit that I do bike the wrong way down a one-way street sometimes. My feeble  defense is that I try always to do it as if I know I was doing wrong. That is slowly, with an apologetic look on the face, and ready to get off at any minute. I can't bear the guys  (usually, but not always it is guys) who do it as if they owned the place, and at high speed. So cyclists are not entirely innocent. But they are among the disadvantaged groups, because the bottom line is that a car or a lorry can kill a cyclist and not the other way around. \n Answer: Not until she became a driver herself.",
            "output": [
                "When did the writer realize the danger for late night cyclists without lights?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-575b67d8c2514935a995a8c2fa7e96cf",
            "input": "Article: Howling is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf nark. An animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling was an important means of communication each other. There are different explants of a wolf's howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.      One theory is that wolves howl to bend better together. It's almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together . But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harington, a professor who studies wolf behavior.     Indeed, there have been tines when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a exhorts, and the next, quarreling anions each other. It appears that usually the lowest-tanking menthes of the pack may actually be \"punished\" for Joining in the churs at times. So is howling a way to strcagthen a social boad or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? ----Why do welves howl for sure? What is cleat, however, is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that woloves may separate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appcars to be an ercellent means of gathering. Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behaviour. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occat in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sotr of \"roll rall\"where wolves all howl togeter to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occar in the morning, as if wolves were doing w some sotr of \"roll call\"where wolves all howl together to repotr their pteence. \n Answer: The sense of belonging to a group.",
            "output": [
                ".What the por similarity between wolves' how humaes ting in chorus?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-643817fb12ef479d84410a8499578a58",
            "input": "Article: Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the Unite States Public Health Service. In 1912, he began to study a disease that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra . Doctor Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people had pellagra. He studied the patients and their families. Most of the people were poor. The doctor came to believe that the disease was not passed from one person to another, but instead had something to do with food. He received agreement from state officials to test this idea at a prison . Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual food, mostly corn. A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not. But some experts refused to accept that poor food caused pellagra. They thought there were other causes. So Doctor Goldberger put blood  from a person with pellagra into his own body. He even took pills that had blood from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Doctor Goldberger's wife. None of them got sick. Later, the doctor discovered that a bit of dried brewer's yeast  each day could prevent pellagra. Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929. He was 55 years old. Several years later, researchers discovered the true cause of pellagra: having little of the vitamin B. \n Answer: 55.",
            "output": [
                "How old was Doctor Goldberger when he began to study pellagra?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ef1f0403f53f4fe299c150450c2cd07d",
            "input": "Article: Here is an astonishing and signficant fact:Mental work alone can't make us tired. It sounds absurd. But a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue . To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered thett blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day labourer, we could find it full of fatigue toxins  and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxing at the end of the day. So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours f efforts as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired. Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue come from our mental and emotional  attitudes. One of England's most outstanding scientists. J. A. Hadfield,says,\"The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact,fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.\" Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares,\"One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.\" What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired?Joy?Satifaction?No!A feeling of being bored,anger,anxiety,tenseness,worry,a feeling of nt being appreciated---those are emotions that tire sitting workers.Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body. \n Answer: A mental worker's blood was filled with fatigue toxins.",
            "output": [
                "What surprised the scientists a few years ago?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e59ff577007c4d4eaa058cd5f99115c1",
            "input": "Article: This is a story from 28 years ago. My dad was a used car salesman. Every Thursday night, he would head off to Shreveport, LA for an auction  . Most of the time, I drove a car over there for him so he could sell it at the auction. One day I was riding with my dad when he noticed a hitch-hiker  with a backpack. Without hesitation, he pulled the car over and offered him a ride. Dad asked him his name, and proceeded to talk to him about all sorts of things. Dad asked him where he was going. The hitch-hiker told him that he was heading for the west. I can't recall why but he told Dad a lot of things that had occurred to him and that persuaded him to make _ . He talked about the tragic events that occurred to him several years before. He was low in spirits, but t could see that the hitch-hiker's attitude was changing as someone was really listening to him. We drove 45 minutes before the hitch-hiker got off. We pulled over and Dad told him to keep his head up and things would start looking up for him soon. He reached into his pocket and handed the hitch-hiker a twenty-dollar bill. The guy smiled. He nearly lit up right there on the cold, dark highway. We drove on and my dad did not say a single thing. I was still completely amazed by what I had just witnessed. I was always told by everyone never to pick up a hitch-hiker and yet my dad did it every single time he saw one. While reflecting upon that story I came to understand that just one single kind act could change someone's life, and I am sure that my father's deed made that poor man's day. \n Answer: The writer's father really listening to him.",
            "output": [
                "What made the hitch-hiker become less upset?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af86b7882c1c46e79ea9af9d45d4a823",
            "input": "Article: Today, many species of animals and plants are endangered. This means they are in danger of becoming extinct and living on only in the pages of history books. The famous dodo is a classic example of a creature that became extinct. A flightless bird that lived on the island of Mauritius, it was discovered by sailors in 1598 but was hunted to extinction by 1681. Hunting has caused the Bengal tiger and the African elephant to be endangered today but habitat destruction can also lead to extinction. This is equally true for plants. Animals and plants disappear for other reasons too, but the main cause is often a disruption(,) in the natural food chain, whether due to hunting, habitat destruction, or even the introduction of alien species. The natural food chain is the cycle that governs the existence of all life on this planet. It is a carefully balanced cycle and any imbalance that occurs can cause knock-on effects that have serious consequences. At the beginning of the natural food chain are plants which turn sunlight into energy and draw nutrients from the earth. Plants are called producers. After the producers come the consumers. There are three tiers of consumers. First are creatures such as plant-eating animals, fish and insects which feed off the producers. These animals that only eat plants are called herbivores. The second tier of consumers are carnivores - animals that live off other animals. The third tier of consumers eats both other animals and plants. These consumers, including most humans, are called omnivores. After animals and plants die, they become food for other smaller creatures, such as bacteria and some plants, such as fungi. As they feed, these creatures turn the dead bodies back into gases and minerals which are again food for the producers at the beginning of the food chain. And so the cycle continues. All of nature is connected and governed by hundreds of these delicate food chains and if a single plant in the chain cannot survive, then the insects that live off the plant start to die and the animals that eat the insects also start to die. When a food chain is disrupted, the consequences can be extremely serious. One estimate suggests that for each plant species that is lost, up to 30 animals and insects may also die out. One wonders how many species were affected by the extinction of the dodo? Humans can have disastrous effects on food chains. We've already mentioned hunting but now let's look at travel. When people first started to explore the world they took plant and animal species from their home countries and introduced them wherever they went. They didn't realize that by introducing alien species they were disrupting the natural food chains of the areas they discovered. Although there are strict rules in place today controlling the import and export of alien species, some places are still fighting the effects of aliens introduced hundreds of years ago. For example, Gough Island in the South Atlantic Ocean is a breeding ground for albatrosses that have been nesting there for centuries. But in the 19th century, mice from passing ships were brought to the island. Being a species alien to the island, they had no natural predators and have now grown to such a size that they are attacking and killing albatross chicks. If they are allowed to continue, they will wipe out the albatross population. With import laws and people's rising awareness of how humans affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to fit better into the natural food chains that govern our world. Otherwise we need to accept that the loss of any more plants and animals could eventually mean our own extinction. \n Answer: Animals and plants become extinct because alien species are imported.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following sentence is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f2907d19351145ce85a94c7cadf2017f",
            "input": "Article: Business people must keep records of the money they take in and the money they spend. The work of keeping such records is called book keeping. The work of deciding how the records should be set up is called accounting. An accountant also finds out, from the records, whether or not a business is doing well. Suppose a man owns a small clothing store. He keeps records that show that he spent money for newspaper advertising, and for suit, coats, shoes, and neckties to sell to his customers. He had to pay a young man to help him in the store. He also paid rent and had other expenses. At the end of the year. He must take an inventory. That is, he counts how many pieces of clothing he has on hand. Then he must find out exactly how many he sold, how much money he spent in running the business. If he took in more than he spent, he made a profit  for the year. If he spent more than he took in he suffered a loss. The owner of a small clothing store can keep accounting records without much trouble. But a giant  oil company or a big bank has many difficult accounting problems. The company must know how much money is to be paid by its debtors   and how much it owns other companies for supplies. It must know how much the company's buildings and machines are worth, and how much the company has lost in depreciation , or wear and tear, of its equipment. All of this information must be kept in the company's accounts. Big companies employ many accountants. \n Answer: It develops by examples",
            "output": [
                "In which following way does the passage develop?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ea28898023a742328e2506ca98a74dc4",
            "input": "Article: President Barack Obama rode a bicycle at the White House Science Fair on April 22. But it wasn't an ordinary bike. As he pedaled, the President stayed in place, while the energy from his pedaling powered a water filtration   system. He was testing an invention created by a team of 14 students from Northeast High School, in Oakland Park, Florida. Payton Karr, 16, and Kiona Elliot, 18, attended the fair as representatives of the project.\"We were hoping President Obama would ride the bike, but we didn't actually expect him to,\" Payton told TFK. \" It really meant a lot.\" Kiona agreed. \"It was pretty awesome to see the invention, which was invented by a group of 14 high school students and one teacher, along with the help of community members, got the interest of the leader of our nation,\" she said. The project was an idea that came about after one of the Northeast students, Kalie Hoke, visited Haiti after the terrible 2010 earthquake and saw how difficult it was to find clean water. The students invented a portable , bicycle-powered emergency water filtration system, which can provide 20-30 people with drinking water in a 15-hour period. The teens hope their invention will one day be used by relief organizations like the Red Cross. \" They can take it to places after natural disasters so that water can be clean for the people there,\" said Payton. Payton and Kiona were among the 100 students from more than 40 states invited to the third annual White House Science Fair, in Washington, D.C., which is also attended by leaders in science and education. President Obama started the event in 2010 to _ students interested in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Maths).\"Well, if you're a young person and you produce the best experiment or design, you ought to be recognized for that achievement,\" Obama said when he first announced the fair. President Obama praised the projects during a speech to attendees after the fair. \"The science fair projects of today could become the products and businesses of tomorrow,\" he said. \"If you're inventing things in the third grade, what are you going to do by the time you get to college?\" \n Answer: It is made of eco-friendly materials.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about the bicycle President Obama rode?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-049f7227b4824084a368a9fb19a0e0f1",
            "input": "Article: Who won China's first gold medal at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics? It was Li Jianrou. The 27-year-old finished first in the women's 500m short track speed skating on Feb 13. The race was full of drama. Three athletes fell over because of an accident caused by Elise Christie of Britain in the second turn and Li became the surprise winner.     Three-time defending champion Wang Meng of China missed the Olympics after breaking her ankle last month. Li had little experience in the race, where getting off to a quick Start is important. But she kept her cool while everyone else was falling around her.     \"I feel very lucky,\" Li said through a translator.     She and one of her coaches cried tears of joy after China joined South Korea as the only countries to win the same short track event four Olympics in a row. The Koreans won the 3,000 relay in 1994, 1998, 2002 and 2006.     \"I cried because I was so excited,\" Li said. \"My coach told me this medal is for Wang Meng as well, so I felt very moved.\" Li's victory made up for the surprising fall of teammate Fan Kexin in the semifinals. In the semis, Fan didn't even complete the first lap of the race, catching her left blade as she skated near the front. She crashed on all fours into the crew of workers who maintain the ice between races. They climbed onto the top of the pads to avoid being injured by Fan's long, sharp blades.     Arianna Fontana of Italy took the silver and Park Seung-hi of South Korea earned the bronze. \n Answer: Elise Christie",
            "output": [
                "Who made a mistake causing three athletes to fall over in the final?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d96592ed95846f4b053f64d2ed69b86",
            "input": "Article: What are American high schools like? Well, I'm happy to tell you what I know. When I started school here, it had already been a week since the school opened. At this school, freshmen usually go on a trip for about three days at the beginning of school. Unfortunately I missed that wonderful trip, which would have been the best time to get to know my classmates. I was really sad. I wished I'd known about it earlier. Despite the disappointment, however, I gradually adapted to my new life and school. There is a space in the basement of the teaching building where students chat and meet each other. As we do not always have the same classrooms and classmates, the school wants us to get to know each other there. Students usually come to school early, sit in that space and have fun. Around the space, there are many lockers for students to leave their books in, so that students do not have to carry a heavy schoolbag everywhere. It really surprises me that we have almost no textbooks. We only have textbooks for World History and Algebra 2 and they are big and heavy, like bricks. For other classes, we only need binders   with paper in them. Without textbooks, students learn things freely and actively. For example, my humanities teacher just teaches us what is in her mind at the time. We never know what we will learn. Another difference between American schools and Chinese schools is that American schools care about students' morality more than their academic studies. For example, if you do not finish your homework, you will just be asked to do it later, but if you cheat or lie, you will get a warning or even be kicked out. I think that most students here are good at schoolwork as well, but compared to Chinese students, they can make learning a more joyful experience. I think we should take the good points from our two different kinds of education to perfect our approach to studying. \n Answer: He missed the trip at the beginning of school.",
            "output": [
                "What was the writer sad for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-30ff719edc8d462397d4b942042f8b89",
            "input": "Article: In 1990,22-year-old Christopher McCandless gave up his career plans,left behind everyone he knew,donated all his savings to charity,and went off on an adventure,hiking his way through America to Alaska. Of course,this is an unusual story most college graduates would not do so. However,studies show that in teenage years, people are more likely to try out new experiences.For example,instead of working his way up the same organization like his grandfather did,a 15-year-old may dream about becoming a travelleronly to find in his early 20s that this attraction of new places is fading and change is less attractive. The reason why people become less keen to change as they get older may be that people generally have similar life patterns and demands.Most people aim to find a job and a partner. As they get older,they may have young children and elderly family members to look after. These responsibilities cannot be achieved without some degree of steadiness,which means that new experiences and ideas may not have a place in the person's life.New experiences may bring excitement as well as insecurity,and so most people prefer to stay with the familiar. However,not every individual is the same. A child may want to play a different game every day and get fed up if nothing changes at the kindergarten.Another may play with the same children and toys on every visit. Young children who avoid new experiences will grow up to be more traditional than others. Psychologist argue that those who have more open personalities as children are more open than others might be when they are older and that young men have a greater interest in novelty than women,although as they age,this desire for new experiences fades more quickly than it does in women. \n Answer: Education",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think is the key factor that prevents people trying out new experiences?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6fb2c0a1d3064728a53d58f5504ee098",
            "input": "Article: You will go to college some day and college is one of the most exciting stages of one's life.If you wish to make the most of your campus  experience and become a better person after those four years,then first you ought to make friends.Close friends contribute to your selfgrowth for they provide you with moral support that is so important to survive the stressful college life.Friends can lend a helping hand when necessary like collecting your homework when you're too sick to leave your dorm,and help you develop the right attitude by pointing out to you your weaknesses. Being home most of your life and then suddenly finding yourself on your own in a large campus without your parents to hold your hand can be annoying.However,rather than thinking about your missing home too much,why not see this new stage in your life as an opportunity for selfgrowth and develop the right attitude that will prepare you for the rigors of postgraduation life,particularly when you join the workforce? Specialinterest clubs or organizations are great for selfgrowth.Here,not only do you get the opportunity to meet with likeminded people,you can also discover more things about your field of interest.Club meetings usually include lively discussions,so go there with the right attitude.You should try to build a good name in the organization by being respectful,active and considerate to others. You might not like all of your professors,but they are there to provide knowledge you need to be successful in your chosen field.Thus,show up for each class with the right attitude and determination to learn.Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your selfgrowth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements. Actively participating in a class debate  or lecture contributes to your selfgrowth as it helps you build confidence in speaking up and improves your communication skills.It also helps you develop the right attitude by exercising diplomacy  when you choose your words carefully especially when discussing a very politically sensitive issue and exercising patience when dealing with classmates who shoot down your ideas. \n Answer: By making friends with others.",
            "output": [
                "In the writer's opinion,how can college students develop a positive attitude?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa9992f98e4c4fadabf92dcac80c4ed7",
            "input": "Article: The creation of a Chinese Green Card in 2004 was a milestone in the country's immigration law. Five years on, the card is an increasingly sought-after document. On August 15, 2004, the Regulations on Examination and Approval of Permanent Residence oAliens in China created a Green Card system granting qualified foreigners the right to live in China permanently. Liu Lili, who works in the Exit and Entry Administration of Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau, has watched the Green Card system develop since its inception. She said nearly all applications received by the Bureau are approved. So far, 323 people have been granted a \"Green Card\" qualifying them for permanent residence in Beijing. Another 15 are awaiting final approval. It takes around 6 months to process each application. Of the 323 Green Card holders, 94 are wives or husbands of Chinese citizens; 50 are minors dependent on their parents; 20 are senior citizens returning to live with relatives; 114 are individuals who have made outstanding contributions or are of special importance to China (another 7 are their family members); and 23 are high-level foreign personnel who hold posts in businesses (another 15 are their family members). Liu said the authorities had been granting residence to returning senior citizens for some time before the Green Card system was formally launched .The government has approved permanent residence for over 3,000 foreigners since the implementation of the Law on Control of the Entry and Exit of Aliens which was adopted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in November 1985. Four groups of people are eligible for permanent residence: high-level foreign personnel who hold posts in businesses that promote China's economic, scientific and technological development or social progress; foreign citizens who make large  direct investments in China; persons who have made outstanding contributions or are of special importance to China; and people who come to China to be with family, such as husbands and wives, minors dependent on their parents, and senior citizens dependent on their relatives. Liu said that most applications she dealt with were from American citizens. Why do overseas citizens apply for permanent residence status in China? The main concern, aid Liu, is the political factor. Once people have a \"Green Card\", they feel they are accepted and trusted by the Chinese government. The \"Green Card\" also facilitates entry and exit. With permanent residence status, visas are no longer needed and people can enter and leave the country using only a valid passport. China offers outstanding career opportunities and is seen by many as safer and more secure than many other countries, said Liu. Liu said that Green Card holders have the same rights and responsibilities as Chinese citizens. However the card is not equivalent to Chinese nationality and holders are not allowed to vote in elections, hold political office, or serve in the military. Obtaining a Green Card is not easy. The qualifying conditions are tough. Unless you are a close relative of a Chinese citizen,you will either have to invest a substantial amount of money in the country or make a genuinely outstanding contribution to the country's development. To meet increasing demand, he authorities are considering making the Green Card more available by broadening the range of applicants without lowering the requirements, aid Liu, but she gave no further details. \n Answer: A foreigner who works in China for a long time.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can't get a green card?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18b61b86a55a45bb94a4d91e15e518ca",
            "input": "Article: Fed up with constantly having to recharge or replace batteries in your ever-expanding electronic devices? The solution may be just a few steps away. \"Energy harvesting\" promises to power countless consumer devices, often with nothing more than your body's movement or heat. Dozens of companies around the world already offer such products, but many experts believe the market for the technology could explode due to electronic devices being developed for the Internet of Things. \"It's huge,\" said Graham Martin, CEO of the EnOcean Alliance, a San Ramon-based group of businesses that promotes wireless energy-harvesting technologies. With the Internet of Things expected to combine billions of devices, \"if they are all battery-powered, we'll have a problem because there's not enough lithium   in the world,\" he added. \"So a lot of them will have to use energy harvesting.\" Among the most basic forms of the technology is body power. When certain materials are squeezed or stretched, the movement of their atoms creates an electrical charge. Automatic watches have employed the concept for decades, for example, by winding themselves when their user moves their arm. Now, the concept is being considered for a number of other devices. In a contest seeking visionary ideas for wearable technologies, Intel awarded $5,000 for a concept to change the temperature difference between a person's body and a special piece of clothing they'd wear into electricity for mobile devices.  Using sound to power devices is another energy-harvesting variation. Stanford University engineers are testing smart microchips   that create electricity from ultrasound   to power implantable   devices that can analyze a person's nervous system or treat their diseases. A textile   research association in Spain is proposing to obtain electricity from radio waves that flow around everyone to power sensors sewn into clothes, which can monitor a person's heartbeat or other vital signs. Research firm IDTechEx has estimated that annual global sales of energy-harvesting products could hit $2.6 billion by 2024, while WinterGreen Research predicts sales of $4.2 billion by 2019. Obtaining stable energy from devices can be complex, however. For one thing, the motion that generates the electricity has to be constant to be useful. Moreover, the amount of power the devices produce depends on the person using them, according to a Columbia University study. It determined that taller people on average provide about 20 percent more power than shorter ones when walking, running or cycling. It's also unclear how eagerly consumers might welcome energy-harvesting products. While such devices are expected to cost less than battery-powered alternatives when compared over many years, experts say, people may continue buying ones with batteries merely because those would be cheaper in the short term. \n Answer: The increasing number of electronic devices.",
            "output": [
                "What makes \"energy harvesting\" necessary according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-71a1d0a1d42741cdb9509aa2a4bc5172",
            "input": "Article: My bike was a three-speed English \"racer\", purchased during my second year in college in November 1964 for $44. Most of the money was earned by myself in my spare time, but I had to get my mother to help me out a little. At that time, bikes were rare on a college campus. My reason for getting a bicycle was a little strange. A friend of mine convinced me to take a summer job selling door-to-door and suggested that I should use a bicycle to travel between houses. The job didn't work out, but was in my brain. That fall, I borrowed another student's bike and rode 45 miles on the first day, but his bike soon had a flat  which he didn't like fixing. So I had to buy one. I immediately started using mine almost every day. Before getting the bike, I sometimes walked 28 miles to my parents' house. Now the bike gave me a quicker method, but my first trip took four hours due to strong headwinds that had me fight for every foot. Once I made a trip of 100 miles in one day. I decided to use the bike to go camping in the Smokies. During the trip, I recognized the need for handlebars and more gears, so I bought a ten-speed after just one year though I loved this bike. The first bike \"hung around\" for a couple of years, and then I gave it to my sister's kids who let it become part of their lives. \n Answer: His mother gave him some money when he bought the first bike.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-904c505c6fb24a3f8b9b7af7052685c2",
            "input": "Article: It is easy for us to tell our friends from our enemies. But can other animals do the same? Elephants can! They can use their sense of vision and smell to tell the difference between people who pose a threat and those who do not. In Kenya, researchers found that elephants react differently to clothing worn by men of the Maasai and Kamba ethnic groups. Young Maasai men spear animals and thus pose a threat to elephants; Kamba men are mainly farmers and are not a danger to elephants. In an experiment conducted by animal scientists, elephants were first presented with clean clothing or clothing that had been worn for five days by either a Maasai or a Kamba man. When the elephants detected the smell of clothing worn by a Maasai man, they moved away from the smell faster and took longer to relax than when they detected the smells of either clothing worn by Kamba men or clothing that had not been worn at all. Clothing color also plays a role, though in a different way. In the same study, when the elephants saw red clothing not worn before, they reacted angrily, as red is typically worn by Maasai men. Rather than running away as they did with the smell, the elephants acted aggressively toward the red clothing. The researchers believe that the elephants' emotional reactions are due to their different interpretations of the smells and the sights. Smelling a potential danger means that a threat is nearby and the best thing to do is run away and hide. Seeing a potential threat without its smell means that risk is low. Therefore, instead of showing fear and running away, the elephants express their anger and become aggressive. \n Answer: Maasai people are a threat to elephants.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE about Kamba and Maasai people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8cec75bec4fe4555aa4b5cdd403a11fe",
            "input": "Article: A new study of 8,000 young people in the journal ofHealthandSocialBehaviorshows that although love can make grownups live healthily and happily,it is a bad thing for young people.Puppy love   may bring trouble for young people and can cause depression  .The study shows that girls become more depressed than boys,and young girls are the worst of all. The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is \"loss of self\".According to the study,even though boys would say \"lose themselves in a romantic   relationship\",this \"loss of self\" is much more likely to cause depression when it happens to girls.Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions.They won't tell that to their parents. Dr.Marianm Kaufman,who works on young people problems,says 15% to 20% of young people will have depression during their growing.Trying romance often causes the depression.She advises kids not to jump into romance too early.During growing up,it is important for young people to build strong friendship and a strong sense of self.She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their friends,attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family. Parents should watch for their children's eating or mood changes.If they see some,they need to give help.The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age.Love will always make us feel young,but only maturity   gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects. \n Answer: Puppy love may bring young people depression.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-455766ccaf06458da3270ec1032c7344",
            "input": "Article: Famous centenarians   still active in arts, science are in no mood to retire. \"Those who stand still, die,\" is one of Oliveira's favorite phrases. He knows from experience what it means, as the Portuguese film director has reached the age of 102 and is still active in his profession. Every year, Oliveira shoots a film and is currently working on his next project. \"You have to work, work, work in order to forget that death is not far away,\" he said. When asked about his age, Oliveira said with some humility: \"It's down to mother nature. It gave to me what it took from others.\" Being both mentally and physically fit in old age is partly a matter of luck, but it also has something to do with character. Not every white-haired person is wise and social skills, openness and the ability to train the brain are essential for senior citizens. Along with the architect Oscar Niemeyer (103), Nobel laureate Montalcini (101) and director Kurt Maetzig (100), Oliveira is one of those people of whom it would be very wrong to think as members of a listless elderly generation. Another master in his profession is the architect Oscar Niemeyer. The 103-year-old Brazilian is best known for his futuristic-looking buildings in Brasilia, but he also speaks out on behalf of the poor. \"The role of the architect is to struggle for a better world where we can develop a form of architecture that serves everyone and not just a privileged few,\" said Niemeyer recently. He spends almost every day working in his office in Copacabana, and even when he falls ill he keeps working on ideas: After a gallbladder   operation he composed a samba tune   in the clinic. Another man who could sing a song about age is 107-year-old Heesters. The Dutch-born opera singer spent most of his life performing in Germany, where he still works. Recently Heesters said: \"I want to be at least 108-years-old.\" He also plans to keep performing. \" _ \" Heesters has not given up trying to add to his tally of awards and is looking for a \"good stage role\". Italian scientist Rita Levi-Montalcini, who is 101-year-old and is still active in medical science, has described the force that keeps driving her on: \"Progress is created through imperfection.\" In 1986 she and her lab colleague were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine for their work on nerve growth factor. She's convinced that humans grow on challenges. With so many brilliant examples given, we can see clearly that age is no barrier to some high achievers. \n Answer: 5",
            "output": [
                "How many centenarians are mentioned in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-391ea4d08e2648ad9bb39bbeaf6ecf6c",
            "input": "Article: As far back as he could remember,Larry had longed to go to Hollywood and become a film star. The young man's hopes for success were broken again and again, however. Hollywood just did not seem interesting. When he first came to California, Larry had decided never to give up and return home without success. Therefore, he kept on trying. Someday, he told himself, his big opportunity would come. Larry found a job parking cars for one of Hollywood's big restaurants. His pay was basic, but since the guests were kind enough to give him more money, he managed to make a living. One day he recognized an important film director driving into the parking lot and getting out of his car. Larry had recently heard that the man was ready to make a new picture. Larry got into the car and prepared to drive it on into the lot and park it. Then he stopped, jumped out, and ran over to the director. \"Excuse me, sir, but I think it is only fair to tell you that it is now or never if you want me in your next picture. A lot of big companies are after me.\" Instead of pushing away the boy,the director laughed,then wrote something on a card and handed it to the young man.\" Come and see me tomorrow.\" Larry got a small part in the director's next film. \n Answer: Becoming a film star.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following was Larry really interested in?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-86941d15ac714fa893ada04364848030",
            "input": "Article: After nearly 50 years of separation,an elderly woman has been reunited with the family that she feared was lost to her forever. Celestine Thompson left Mississippi when she was 14 years old and eventually settled in New York,where she spent more than 30 years of her life,according to WLOX 13News. After surviving a fire in 1992,Thompson was in a coma for two years and has since experienced memory loss. The 90-year-old found it difficult to recall details about her family. But later she remembered the name of her nephew Clarence Woodway. Then another woman who knows Thompson in Mississippi was able to track Woodway down and help reunite Thompson with her large family. \"In our minds,my brother and I were talking that she wasn't here anymore,because we hadn't heard from her for a very long time,\"Donald Davis,another one of Thompson's nephews,told the media.\"You know,we were overjoyed when we found out that we had gotten in contact with her.\" A few of Thompson's relatives visited her in New York,and then arranged a larger reunion which was held this past Saturday in Gulfport,Mississippi,the Associated Press reported. Thompson now lives in Greensboro,Alabama,with a caretaker,and,although she is yet to meet them all,she has regained quite a sizeable family of 23 nieces and nephews,64 grand nieces and nephews,66 great-grand nieces and nephews and 34 great-great-grand nieces and nephews,according to the Associated Press. \n Answer: She had a larger reunion with her family members in Mississippi.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about Thompson?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87e41620580a4440a99a98e8a692f6e8",
            "input": "Article: Anna Riviere was one of the most admired of 19th-century English sopranos . She was also one of the most adventuresome. She was born in London on January 9th, 1810. She entered the Royal Academy of Music at the age of 14. Seven years later, just after her first show, Anna married Sir Henry Bishop, who was 24 years her senior. Her reputation as a singer grew rapidly, based largely on her tours with Sir Henry and harpist Nicholas Bochsa. After a tour of Dublin, Edinburgh, and London, Anna Bishop deserted her husband and three children and ran away with Bochsa. From then on, Madame Bishop--as she continued to be known--traveled and sang as if her life depended on it. Between 1839 and 1843 she traveled to every major town in Europe, where she sang in 260 concerts. In the course of two years in Naples, she performed in 20 operas. In 1855 she and Bochsa sailed for Sydney, Australia. He died there the following year, and Anna went on to tour South America before returning to New York, where she married a diamond merchant. Then she began what proved her most dangerous adventure. After another American tour in 1866, she and her husband set sail across the Pacific. They were shipwrecked on a small coral reef, and for more than a month they drifted in a small boat before they finally reaching Guam. She had lost her music, her wardrobe, and her jewelry, but Madame Bishop was not to be stopped. She went on to Manila and began a concert tour that led to Hong Kong, Singapore, and India before she went back to England. After another two-year world tour she returned eventually to New York, where she gave her last public performance in 1883--at age 73. Meanwhile the husband she left behind, Sir Henry, had become famous for writing the music to lyrics that might eventually have been meaningful to Anna Bishop--\"Home, Sweet Home.\" \n Answer: The song \"Home, Sweet Home\" was meaningful to her.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following message about Madama Bishop is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2134ff5d38084f54bc07589374875f10",
            "input": "Article: There are three separate sources of danger in supplying energy by nuclear power. First, the radioactive   material must travel from its place of production to the power station. Although the power stations themselves are strongly built, the containers used for the transport of the materials are not. Normally, only two methods of transport are in use, namely road or rail. Unfortunately, both of these may have an effect on the general public, since they are sure to pass near, or even through, heavily populated areas. Second, there is the problem of waste. All nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most cases will remain radioactive for thousands of years. It is impossible to make these wastes non-radioactive, and so they must be stored in one of the inconvenient ways that scientists have invented. For example, they may be buried under the ground, or dropped into deserted mines, or sunk in the sea. However, these methods do not solve the problem, since an earthquake could easily break the containers. Third, there may occur  the danger of a leak   or an explosion at the power station. As with the other two dangers, this is not very likely, so it does not provide a serious objection (,) to the nuclear program. However, it can happen. Separately, these three types of dangers are not a great cause for worry. Taken together, though, the probability of disaster is extremely high. \n Answer: It is not usual for radioactive materials to be conveyed across land.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2ac1f851db84cd6851d20aa2a25106f",
            "input": "Article: \"Hurry, Mommy! Let's go trick-or-treating!\" My daughter waited by the door in her pink princess skirt while I prayed in the living room. Usually I liked taking her out on Halloween, but this year I was sad. I was worried about my mother, who was in China on vacation. I got a call that afternoon that she had slipped and fallen on the hard floor of her hotel and broken her leg. She was taken to a hospital in Beijing. Mom was nervous because she couldn't understand any of the doctors. If only I could do something to help her! I knew I couldn't let my worries spoil my daughter's fun. There was nothing I could do for Mom except pray, I thought. We left the house and went down the block. I was so upset that I hardly took notice of the kids around me. There came the man to whose son I'd once given piano lessons. \"Hello there,\" I said, greeting him and the boy at his side. \"Hello,\" the father answered. \"Having fun?\"\"I'm trying,\" I said. \"Why, what's wrong?\" he asked. I told him the whole story. \"My mother, in China, broke her leg and didn't understand any of the doctors. And I'm too far away to do anything!\" I said. He raised his eyebrows. \"Beijing, you said?\" he asked. I nodded. He smiled. \"Believe it or not, my sister is a doctor at an English-speaking hospital there. If you want, I'll make a call right away and we'll try and get your mom transferred  .\" A few days later I sat in the living room with my daughter as she finished the last of the candy. \"Mommy, how far away is China?\" she asked. \"Not as far as I thought,\" I said. \n Answer: Enjoy herself outside.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author's daughter want to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3cf5d4b0bc8b4d00bcbea026bf39fedb",
            "input": "Article: Many Americans concerned about pollution are demanding cleaner supplies of energy. The demand has resulted in increased research about ethanol fuel. Ethanol is an alcohol that can be mixed with gas. It burns up most of the pollutants in gas. It replaces some of the chemicals that are known to cause cancer, and it can be produced in the United States. Some experts say that in the future ethanol will replace some of the oil imported into America. Today ethanol is less than one percent of total American fuel supply. The head of the National Corn Growers Association, Kieve Hard, says ethanol will provide twenty-five percent of the fuel supply by 2030. The organization is involved in the production of ethanol because it can be made from corn. One company in the American Midwest says it is starting to produce ethanol because of demands from people and from the government. The Congress approved the Clean Air Act in 1990. The company says this means the market for ethanol will expand. The company is a major producer of corn starch that can be used to make ethanol. At Texas A and M University Professor Mark Holzapple produces ethanol from materials found in solid waste. He has developed a way to turn materials like paper into simple sugar. He then uses yeast to turn the sugar into ethanol. Professor Holzapple says two hundred liters of ethanol fuel can be produced from one ton of solid waste. A professor at the University of Arkansas, John Geddie, is exploring another way to make ethanol. He is using acids on paper material. He says a large factory could produce ethanol from waste paper at a cost about the same as the cost of producing gasoline. Environmentalists support the use of ethanol because it turns solid waste into a useful product. Professor Holzapple says law makers in industrial nations need to support the development of this clean, less expensive fuel of the future. \n Answer: Ethanol can remove some harmful pollutants from gas.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the interest in ethanol fuel increase in the United States according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d354a6f4d3bc4c6d8164784405553664",
            "input": "Article: Susan Boyle was once a Scottish church volunteer. She decided to enter a competition named \"British got Talent\" at the age of 47years. On April 15th 2009, when Susan got up to sing, the audience was shocked by her age and simplicity. Middle-aged women were not the usual type of competitor on the show and the audience was even more surprised when she said before starting to sing that she wanted to become a professional singer. To them she looked well past such possibilities. However, she amazed everybody with her wonderful voice and became an overnight singing star. It was reported that the audience all stood up and clapped warmly and that within 9 days, 100 million people had watched her performances and interviews on the Internet. This was a lot of progress for an unemployed woman who lived along with her cat. Most of her life had been spent looking after her mother who had died aged 92, two years earlier. She had never been married or in her words, \"been kissed\". Susan had learned difficulties and had only once been employed as an assistant cook. Even though Susan did not win the \"British got Talent Show\" and came up second, two years later, she already released two successful albums. Many people are touched by her story because Susan Boyle is like each of us in one way or another--full of weakness, often disappointed and _ by others. However, unlike many of us who usually give up too soon, she had the determination to fight for her dream. Susan Boyle launched her successful music career at the age of 48 and you too can still achieve your dream. Just take courage. \n Answer: Her dream career .",
            "output": [
                "What shocked the audience most before Susan started to sing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8baaddf7515d4d748ddf98eba1bb17fb",
            "input": "Article: It never occurred to Sun Yukun that the decision he made four years ago would have an impact on his career. When the 22-year-old entered college in 2009, he decided not to change his rural residence to a students' collective one. But when he finished college and was offered a job with a state-owned enterprise in Beijing, Sun was told that he couldn't accept the offer unless he had an urban hukou (household registration record). This time, he had no choice but to change his residence status. Transferring hukou to a university became optional in 2003, and many students are confronted with the dilemma of whether to do so or not. Professionals suggest they make the decision based on their current situation and future plans. 'I regret transferring my hukou' Wang Jinbi, 20, is an accounting major at Beijing Union University. Coming from Chifeng, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, she transferred her hukou when she enrolled at university. \"I didn't think it was a big deal,\" Wang says. \"Since I'm registering under an urban hukou, it doesn't matter whether it's in Beijing or Inner Mongolia, I thought.\" What Wang didn't expect, however, is that she would regret her decision later. \"After two years of study, I've figured out my future plans. I want to return to my hometown and make a living there,\" she says. That means Wang needs to transfer her hukou back again, which she worries will be a troublesome procedure. \"I have a friend who graduated last year. She spent a lot of time and energy transferring her hukou back to her hometown again due to complicated paperworks,\" says Wang. Guidelines for transferring hukou Wang's experience is not uncommon. Many students don't know what their decision means for their future. In order to help these students, Xie Yongqiang, from the Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Justice, posted a guideline for transferring hukou on a micro blog. According to Xie, students should firstly think about where they're going to stay. \"If you like the city where you're studying and are considering staying there after graduation, then you should transfer your hukou,\" he wrote. Students should also transfer their hukou if they intend to participate in an exchange program. According to Ju Haojie, deputy director of the household registration department at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, when applying for exchange programs, it saves a lot of trouble if students have a collective hukou registered under the university. But Xie also made suggestions for students with a rural registration. \"If your family has land and a house, it's possible that you'll get a share of compensation in the event of a forced relocation. For those students, I would recommend them not to transfer their hukou,\" he wrote. This doesn't affect students in terms of receiving medical insurance and other benefits at university. 'I want to stay in Beijing' Sometimes, students abandon their rural hukou for the prospect of a better future. Tang Yanwei is one of them. The 23-year-old from Yantai, Shandong province, had a rural hukou but transferred it after enrolling at Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture. Although there are a lot of preferential policies for rural residents, for Tang, an urban hukou in Beijing is attractive. \"I want to stay in Beijing, so a students' collective Beijing urban hukou is a promising start,\" he says. \"I'll do anything that could help me stay here. After all, there's no turning back for me now.\" \n Answer: Three",
            "output": [
                "How many examples are mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9263d28598a34705b5a7cae10d8b0357",
            "input": "Article: Film director James Cameron first became interested in sea exploration when he was a little boy.His love for the ocean grew after he made the 1989 undersea adventure film The Abyss and the 1997 blockbuster Titanic,one of the most successful movies of all time.Following that big success,James Cameron decided to put his film career on hold to become an explorer. In 2012,James Cameron made a journey to the deepest spot in the Mariana Trench,known as Challenger Deep.And now the great journey has been made into a documentary film,named James Cameron's Deep-sea Challenger 3D. In James Cameron's fantasy films,such as Avatar and The Abyss,the unexplored areas are decorated in colors and full of danger.But on his dive into Challenger Deep,the reality proved far different: white, deserted and dull. \"I felt like I had gone to another planet,\"Cameron said after returning from the cold and dark place in the Western Pacific Ocean,nearly 7 miles below the surface.\"I really have a sense of being separated and realize how tiny I am down in this big, black and unexplored place.\" Cameron captured the moon-like landscape of the deep sea and documented the sea creatures he observed in the ocean. James Cameron's Deep--sea Challenger 3D tells the story of Cameron' s journey.It is a film about determination,danger and the ocean'S greatest depths.The movie shows a unique insight into Cameron's world when he makes his dream reality and makes history by becoming the first person to travel alone to the deepest point on the planet. It's an exciting film and inspiring reminder that our beautiful planet still has a lot to explore. \n Answer: When he was in his childhood.",
            "output": [
                "When did James Cameron become interested in the ocean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5b5037af996f40cb8e06261bdd7b4593",
            "input": "Article: As is known to all, in daily conversation modern people like to use simple words and simple sentences, especially some sentences with some parts left out. Here is an interesting example from the conversation between Henry, a fisherman, and his wife Sylvia. Do you know what they are talking about? Sylvia: Going? Henry: Been. Sylvia: Any? Henry: Some. Sylvia: Big? Henry: Small. \n Answer: Henry has just been back with some fish.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the conversation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a00d3550be384917b27eab21d50cf6ef",
            "input": "Article: What would you do if your pet cat died just before Christmas? Many cat lovers would go out and buy another cat. But one American woman was unable to bear life without her much loved pet cat Nicky. He had been with her for 17 years; and when she knew he was going to die, she had him cloned. Little Nicky was cloned by an American company, called GSC. But the new cat cost his owner $50,000. \"He is the same. His characteristics are the same,\" the woman told news reporters. The company, Sausalito-based Genetic Savings and Clone, made her available to speak to reporters only on condition that her name or hometown was not used. The woman said she feared being the target of groups against cloning. \"Nicky loved water, which is an unusual characteristic of cats. Little Nicky jumped into my bath. Most cats are afraid of water, but Little Nicky is different: he loves it, just like my old cat,\" said the woman, who said she was in her early 40s and worked in the airline industry. The company delivered Little Nicky two weeks ago and was expected to publicly announce the news on Thursday. However, the cat's creation has raised heated debate. Many people have said they felt disgusted at the amount of money spent on cloning a cat. They said that she should have chosen one of the many cats without a home -- cats like this are a common problem in many countries. The woman has only told news reporters her first name, Julia, but she has already received nearly 100 frightening letters from angry people, who say that cloning is against nature. Little Nicky was not only expensive, but also, like all cloned animals, may have more health problems than an animal which was born in the usual way. GSC said it had to try 80 times before it succeeded in producing a cloned cat. The company is now using new techniques and soon they hope to produce cloned dogs as well as cats. GSC said that if people were not happy with the cloned cats or dogs, they could have their money back. At the moment the cost of cloning is very high, but the manager of CSC said he hoped that eventually it would go down, and that in five years, the cost should be $20,000 for a dog or $10,000 for a cat. \n Answer: Because other cats are afraid of water.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Julia have her cat Nicky cloned?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4ec783eefc174b4ab191cc1e3addd3e9",
            "input": "Article: Everybody cheats. Whether it's the taxi driver who tricks a visitor and takes them the long way round, or the shop assistant who doesn't give the correct change, or the police officer who accepts a bribe   - everybody's at it. Cheats in the nest include the scientist whose research was based on fake data, the game show competitors who worked with a friend in the audience or win a million pounds, and the doctor who made up his qualifications and wasn't really a doctor at all. Everybody cheats; nobody's playing the game. Is cheating acceptable, a natural way of surviving and being successful? Or is it something that should _ , and young people discouraged from doing? If it's the latter how can we explain to children why so many bend the rules? Take sport for example. The Word Cup was filled with cheating. Whether diving, pretending to be hurt or denying a handball, footballers will do anything for a free - kick or a penalty shot. France striker Henry denied cheating to win the free - kick which led to his side's second goal in their 3 - 1 victory over Spain. Many footballers, however, are often putting it on. Whatever the nationality there's one common ploy: the player rolls over holding their leg, ankle or head seeming to be in great pain. As a result a yellow card and / or free - kick is given for the foul and then, a few seconds later, the player is up and about as if nothing had happened ! The ref   may be taken in by it but youngsters watching the game aren't. they also see their heroes getting away with it. Of course it's not just football. In 1998 the Tour de France, the world's greatest cycling event, was hit by a drug - taking scandal  . The 40 bottles of forbidden drugs found with the Fustian team caused a massive investigation that almost caused the Tour to be abandoned. One rider, Veronique, was banned for 9 months. He claimed: \"You have cheats in sport, just as you do in business - there will always be people trying to take a short cut. At least we're not turning a blind eye to the problem, which other sports are.\" Is it all unavoidable? There's huge pressure on all athletes to perform for their fans and for their sponsors. It's success, money and power that rule professional sport rather than an honest at tempt to do the best one can. Meanwhile companies around the world are losing billions of dollars to fake products. From cut price CDs and DVDs to sportswear, cheap fake products are everywhere. It has become socially acceptable to buy fake Gucci bags and illegal copies of films. If parents are doing this, their children will follow. So perhaps it's not surprising that around the world more pupils than ever are caught cheating during exams. In one case missing exam papers were put up for sale on the Internet. In another, widespread cheating took place by pupils using their mobile phones to receive tested answers. They blame the pressure put on them to do well in exams. It doesn't help that their role models are also cheats. Surely we can't complain when we're setting such a bad example. \n Answer: By gaining aid from a friend.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, in which way can a game show player cheat?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-612eee61309b4b0195684ba2569ebd75",
            "input": "Article: Preventing obesity   and smoking can save lives, but it doesn't save money, reported researchers. \"It was a small surprise, for it is against the common belief,\" said Pieter Van Baal, who led the study. \"But it makes sense. If you live longer, then you cost the health system more.\" The researchers found that from age 20 to 56, obese people racked up   the most expensive health costs. But on average, healthy people lived 84 years. Smokers lived about 77 years, and obese people lived about 80 years. Smokers and obese people tended to have more heart disease than healthy people. Therefore in the long run, the thin and healthy group cost about $417, 000, from age 20 on. Smokers cost about $326, 000 and obese people $371, 000. \"The result throws a bucket of cold water onto the idea, based on guesswork, that obesity is going to cost trillions of dollars,\" said Patrick Basham, a professor of health politics. \"If we're going to worry about the future of obesity, we should stop worrying about its financial impact,\" he said. \"The benefits of obesity prevention may not be seen immediately in terms of cost saving in tomorrow's budget, but there are long-term gains,\" said Van Baal. \"These are often immeasurable when it comes to people living longer and healthier lives.\" In the meanwhile, he said that governments should recognize that successful smoking and obesity prevention programs mean that people will have a longer chance of dying of something more expensive later in life. \"Lung cancer is a cheap disease to treat because people don't survive very long. But if they are old enough to get Alzheimer's   one day, they may survive longer and cost more. We are not advising that governments stop trying to prevent obesity,\" Van Baal said. \"But they should do it for the right reasons.\" \n Answer: Those who are overweight.",
            "output": [
                "Among middle-aged people, who may cost the health system most?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d388f92517db4204b5b3d84d79b8c83d",
            "input": "Article: Are you looking for something different this summer? We've lined up a list of some unusual camps. Learn to fly a jet  This is the real training that all fighter and test pilots have . Learn the cockpit  and how to put your plane through its paces . Finally, you fight a _ battle with your teammates. It's held at the U.S . Space &Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alaska. There are both weekend and summer camps for anyone 9 and up. Kids 7 to 12 also can pair with a parent. The cost is $749 for kids-only camps and $349 each for parent /child camp. Be Steven Spielberg At Film Camp, you will get to write, direct, shoot and edit your own movie. Run by the New York Film Academy, you can choose from a variety of camp locations: New York, Disney-MGM Studios in Florida, Universal Studios in Los Angeles, Harvard University, Paris or Florence, Italy. Everyone helps one another by working behind the camera. Tuition for a one--week camp is$1,500, while a four or six week training run $5,900 to $6,900. Join the circus At Circus Smirkus you can learn how to ride a unicycle, and throw a pie in someone's face . Kids 8 to 16 can choose between one--or two-week sessions, with the two-week camp ending in a circus show for the families. The camp is located in Craftsbury Common, Vermont. The cost is $825 for one week ($300 extra with a parent ) and $1,500 for two weeks ( $ 500 extra with a parent). Live the ultimate  summer fantasy Learn to ride the waves this summer and tour one of the world's only sea turtle hospitals at Surf Camp. The week long camp also includes trips to local islands. Surf Camp is located at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina. The cost is $475 per week for kids 8 to 12, $595 per week for teens 12 to 18. Check it out at wbsurfcamp. Com. Strike a chord  At Power Chord Academy, teens 12 to 18 will be placed in a band that best meets their age, experience and style. You will lead the life of a band member: recording in a studio, playing a concert and making a video. \n Answer: The camp at the U.S Space &Rocket Center and Circus Smirkus",
            "output": [
                "Which camps can you join if you want your father to be able to take part?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7b46a3cc14364c8c8ffa504a5ab06116",
            "input": "Article: You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They're known as the black box. When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine   detected the device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed. In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane - the area least subject to impact - from its original position in the landing wells  . The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility. Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated   case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000degF. When submerged , they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered. \n Answer: It is an indispensable device on an airplane.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author say about the black box?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a9534875dd68418dae634bbd8aac03a6",
            "input": "Article: Any diet on which you eat fewer calories than you need to get through the day -- like an 800-calorie-per-day diet can be dangerous. Diets that don't allow any fat also can be bad for you. Everyone needs a certain amount of fat in their diet -- up to 30% of total calories -- so no one should eat a completely fat-free diet. Don't have diets that restrict  certain food groups, either. A diet that requires you to say no to bread or pasta or allows you to eat only fruit is unhealthy. You won't get the vitamins and minerals you need. And although you may lose weight, you'll probably gain it back as soon as you start eating normally again. Some people start dieting because they think all the problems in their lives are because of weight. Others have an area of their lives that they can't control, like an alcoholic parent, so they focus on something they can control -- their exercise and food intake. People who diet may get lots of praise from friends and family when they start losing pounds, which makes them feel good. But eventually a person reaches a weight level -- and doesn't lose as much weight as before because the body is trying to keep a healthy weight, so they aren't any happier. Some people may find it hard to control their eating, so they stick with  _ for a little while, but then eat tons of food. Feeling guilty about the binge, they use laxatives . Eating too little to maintain a healthy weight or eating only to throw up the calories are both eating disorders, which are harmful to a person's health. \n Answer: hungry",
            "output": [
                "Which is not the result of restricting certain food groups?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e3ab9ec44e4a4746a7a4c24897f5bf63",
            "input": "Article: We sometimes think global warming or climate change is a problem very far away from our lives, and that only the government needs to worry about it. But it's hardly possible to completely stay out of it  scientists are now 95 percent sure that humans have been the \" cause\" of global warming trends since the 1950s. One of the conclusions of a report released on Sept 27 by the United Nations says that human activities have caused global temperatures to rise by 0.89 0C between 1901 and 2012. That might not seem like a lot, but the truth is that a major part of that heat has been absorbed into the oceans, which is not surprising given that they cover two thirds of Earth's surface. Also, water has a much greater capacity   to absorb heat than the air does, according to The Economist. While many greenhouse gases occur naturally and are needed to keep the Earth warm enough to support life, humans' use of fossil fuels is the main source of excess   greenhouse gases. According to CNN, by driving cars, using electricity produced by burning coal and oil or heating our homes with coal or natural gas, we release a large amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Your body can barely feel a difference of 0.89 0C, but the Earth's ecosystems are so sensitive that even small changes can disturb them. It often starts with the smallest creatures at the bottom of the food chain, eventually affecting bigger animals, many of which could end up becoming extinct. Global warming is also linked to an increase in extreme weather. A larger amount of carbon dioxide traps more energy inside the atmosphere. This changes the patterns of storms and rainfall in many regions and can lead to droughts and floods. Worse still, melting sea ice in warmer oceans is causing sea levels to rise at a speed of more than three millimeters per year, according to The Guardian, which also increases the risk of flooding. \"The report should serve as another wakeup call that our activities today have a profound impact on society, not only for us, but for many generations to come,\" French Michel Jarraud, secretarygeneral of the World Meteorological Organization, said at a news conference. \n Answer: The hugeness of oceans makes them better absorbers of heat than the air.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e0ebf76979543d581f1175ad62417b1",
            "input": "Article: One day a man found a cocoon of a butterfly in the forest. He sat there for several hours and watched the butterfly. Suddenly a small opening appeared, and the butterfly made its great effort to force its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to stop making any progress. It appeared as if it had gotten as far as it could and it could go no further. So the man decided to help the butterfly. He cut off the remaining bit of the cocoon so that the butterfly could come out easily. But to his surprise, the butterfly got a heavy body and very small wings when it came out of the cocoon. The man continued to watch the butterfly because he expected that the body would grow smaller at any moment and the wings would become larger and be able to fly. But neither happened. In fact, the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling around with a heavy body and small wings. It was never able to fly. The man was in his kindness, but he did not understand the nature rules. Before the butterfly came out of the cocoon, fluid from its body must be forced into its wings, and then it would be ready for flying. It must have a hard struggle to get through the small opening to get its freedom from the cocoon. Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life. If God allowed us to go through our life without any difficulties, it would make us fail. We would not be as strong as we could have been; we could never fly. \n Answer: It was struggling to get out of its cocoon.",
            "output": [
                "What was the butterfly doing at the beginning of the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-44073584df714f83b98d3b6d50d68a15",
            "input": "Article: The following are four books that will help you change your mind and change your life. 1) , Louise Hay: A groundbreaking book when it was released in 1982. It is still the book that I turn to when I have physical unrest that requires deeper understanding. Louise Hay is the pioneer in looking at the connection between the physical unrest that we have in our body and the emotional connection. At the time that she wrote the book many people scoffed at this idea, but it is now widely accepted and millions of people refer to it on a daily basis. 2) , Don Miguel Ruiz: Maintaining a sense of reliability and faith is developed through understanding to The Four Agreements by Don Miguel Ruiz written in 1997. We are faced with rules and regulations; don't do this, don't do that, watch what you are doing, be kind, loyal, faithful etc. The four agreements represent a simple system of maintaining your own inner authority while practicing being a true person with other people. 3) , Richard Carlson and Joseph Bailey: This is a new one in my \"bedside collection\" and one that has made the biggest impact on me lately. Written in 1997, it is even more relevant today than it was when it was written. The idea of \"slowing down\" to get there faster was extremely hard for me to understand. As a human species we seem to enjoy moving fast and expecting quick results, especially from ourselves. I should be successful now, I should be slim now, get me to my destination now--in contrast to \"in the fullness of time\" when I am ready. 4) , Florence Scovel-Shinn: A classic book that was first published in 1925 and remains one of my favorite books of all time. Scovel-Shinn understood the power of our words to express either our deepest desires or our most horrible nightmares. So where does this leave you? The way I see it is if you want to 'Heal Your Life\" then you had better learn how to play \"The Game of Life\" by learning how to \"Slow Down to the Speed of Life\" and keep the \"Four Agreements\". The solution may not be easy to do but it is simple. In fact, most solutions are pretty simple, and it is us humans that want to complicate it. \n Answer: Self Improvement",
            "output": [
                "In which part of a magazine would you probably find this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e371f23bf8b4f3c8610ab94a588c5ad",
            "input": "Article: Surgical teams accidentally leave clamps, sponges and other tools inside about 1,500 patients nationwide each year. The mistakes largely result not from surgeon tiredness, but from the stress arising from emergencies or complications  discovered on the operating table, the researchers reported. The study found that emergency operations are nine times more likely to lead to such mistakes, and operating-room complications requiring a change in procedure are four times more likely. It also happens more often to fat patients, simply because there is more room inside them to lose equipment, according to the study. Two-thirds of the mistakes happened even though the equipment was counted before and after the procedure, in keeping with the standard practice. Most lost objects were sponges, but also included were metal clamps and electrodes . In two cases, 11-inch retractors   metal strips were forgotten inside patients. In another operation, four sponges were left inside someone. When there is significant bleeding and a sponge is placed in a patient, it can sometimes look indistinguishable from the tissue around it. The lost objects usually lay around the abdomen   or hips but sometimes in the chest. They often caused tears or infections. Most patients needed additional surgery to remove the object. In other cases, patients even sensed nothing about the object, and it turned up in later surgery for other problems. To prevent such mistakes from happening, Loyola University Medical Center is becoming one of the first hospitals in the country to use sponges outfitted with bar codes. The new system was brought to Loyola through the efforts of the hospital's operating room nurses. Another effective way is to X-ray patients after surgery to reduce the likelihood of objects being left inside patients. \n Answer: A complex operation is going on according to the plan made by many experts.",
            "output": [
                "In which of the following situations are objects most likely to be left inside a patient?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2e9e1bda2a0c49cab3d1bf5a7d6f2472",
            "input": "Article: New picture The National Gallery now has a fine _ by the 18th century Dutch painter Jan van Os.This large picture (89.1 cm x 71cm) of flowers and fruit is painted in light bright colours on wood.It is one of the first pictures of this type in the Gallery.The picture is signed and dated 1777 and 1778.It is not unusual for a picture to be dated two years: the artist waited for particular flowers to come out in their different seasons in order to paint them.This picture was given to the Gallery by Miss Violet Churchman in memory of her sister Ida Nancy. It is now on show in Room 25. Special exhibition The exhibition \"Painting in Spain During the Late 18th Century\" opened in the Sunley Room on 15 March.Recently the Gallery has bought works by three Spanish painters of this period--Paret, Melendez and Francisco Bayeu, who are the focus of the exhibition.These three artists are also joined by Francisco's brother Ramon, by Antonio Gonzalez and two Italians who worked in Spain during these years--Corrado Giaquinto and Giovanni Battista Tiepolo.The exhibition runs until 31 May. Lecture news    Lectures will be given along with the special exhibition every Wednesday.On 8 April, Lizzie Barker will discuss the work of Melendez, while on 15 April, Sarah Symmons will lecture on Luis Patter.On 22 and 29 April, Juliet Wilson will talk about Francisco Bayeu.On 25 April, a Saturday, Erika Langmuir will explain how artists often \"tell a story\" through their pictures. \n Answer: Eight.",
            "output": [
                "How many artists' paintings are on show at the special exhibition?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-90a20fd8734e4ea8844470974b286a8a",
            "input": "Article: This was the year the Earth struck back. Earthquakes, heat waves, floods, volcanoes, super typhoons, landslides and droughts killed at least a quarter million people in 2010 - the deadliest year in more than a generation. More people were killed worldwide by natural disasters this year than have been killed in terrorism   attacks in the past 40 years combined. \"It just seemed like it was back-to-back and it came in waves,\" said Craig Fugate, who heads the US Federal Emergency Management Agency. It handled a record number of disasters in 2010. \"The term '100-year event' really lost its meaning this year.\" And we have ourselves to blame   most of the time, scientists and disaster experts say. Even though many disasters seem accidental, the hand of man made this a particularly deadly, costly, extreme and strange year for everything from wild weather to earthquakes. Poor construction   and development practices make earthquakes more deadly than they need be. More people live in poverty in vulnerable buildings in crowded cities. That means that when the ground shakes, the river breaches  , or the tropical cyclone   hits, more people die. The January earthquake that killed well more than 220,000 people in Haiti is a perfect example. Port-au-Prince has nearly three times as many people, many of them living in poverty , and more poorly built shanties   as it did 25 years ago. The same quake hit Port-au-Prince in 1985 instead of 2010, total deaths would have probably been in the 80,000 range, said Richard Olson, director of disaster risk reduction at Florida International University.www.ks5u.com Climate scientists say Earth's climate also is changing thanks to man-made global warming, bringing extreme weather, such as heat waves and flooding. The large amount of extreme weather is a clear sign of man-made global warming that climate scientists have long warned about. They calculate that the killer Russian heat wave - setting a national record of 111 degrees - would happen once every 100,000 years without global warming. Previous data show that 18 countries broke their records for the hottest day ever. White House science adviser John Holdren said we should get used to climate disasters or do something about global warming: \"The science is clear that we can expect more and more of these kinds of damaging events unless and until society's emissions   of heat-trapping gases and particles   are sharply reduced.\" \n Answer: To show more people's living in vulnerable buildings can cause more people to die in an earthquake",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer give the example of the earthquake that happened in Haiti?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e65bc2a18d92422b9cdc7839161c9860",
            "input": "Article: On Tuesday, Apple' CEO, Tim Cook, announced the Apple Watch. It is like a normal watch, but it can do all the things a mobile phone does -- and more. At US $349, the Apple Watch is expensive. _ However, it seems that it will open another door for the use of computers. The watch taps you whenever a new message comes in. It prepares answers to questions you receive from friends. It checks your health. \"It's the most personal product we've ever made,\" Cook said. If the Apple Watch becomes popular, it will change the way the world communicates with computers. \"It might not only be a change for Apple, but for the whole industry,\" says technology expert, Daniel Ives. How does it work? The Apple Watch has a speaker that users can both hear and feel. You can press the side button to communicate with people quickly and easily. The Apple Watch also introduces health and fitness apps that can help people lead healthier lives. You can try it. According to Matt Vella, a writer for TIME magazine, the watch is \"the most thrilling product since the iPad.\" After actually trying the watch, he says: \" There's a lot we don't know about the Apple Watch. How long will its battery last? How exactly will it connect with the iPhone? But wearing the watch answers some other questions. It is very comfortable. You can easily forget you are wearing the Apple Watch.\" \n Answer: An officer .",
            "output": [
                "Who is Tim Cook according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-811b6fb3c6574316b284d5a923b6d110",
            "input": "Article: I have a friend named Monty Roberts. He has let me use his horse ranch to put on events to raise money for youth at risk programs. Last time I was there he introduced me by saying, \"I want to tell you why I let you use my house. It all goes back to a story about a young man who was the son of an itinerant horse trainer. When he was a senior, he was asked to write a paper about what he wanted to be when he grew up.\" \"That night he wrote a seven-page paper describing his goal of owning a horse ranch someday. He put all his heart into the project and wrote about his dream in great detail. He even drew a diagram of a 200-acre ranch, showing the location of the buildings, stables and the track, and even a detailed floor plan for a 4000-square-foot house on it.\" \"The next day he handed it in to his teacher. Two days later ,he received a large red \"F\" on his paper with a note, 'See me after class.' The boy went to see the teacher and asked why. The teacher told him there was no way for a young boy like him to do that because owning a horse ranch required much money and resources, and then added 'If you'll rewrite his paper with a more realistic goal, I will reconsider your grade.'\" \"The boy went home and thought about it long and hard. He asked his father what to do. His father said, 'Look, son, you have to make up your own mind on this. However, I think it's a very important decision for you.'\" \"Finally, a week later, the boy turned in the same paper without any change and stated, 'You can keep the F and I'll keep my dream.'\" \"I tell you this story because you are sitting in my 4000-square-foot house in the middle of my 200-acre horse ranch. I still have that school paper framed over the fireplace.\" Don't let anyone steal your dreams. Follow your heart, no matter what. \n Answer: Because he made up his mind to stick to his dream.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the boy turn in the same paper without any change?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-231d3885dfda4a1cb294804186c33093",
            "input": "Article: Meryl Streep is an American actress who has worked in theatre, television and film. She is regarded as one of the most talented actresses of all time. The following is a list of movies that Meryl Streep has been involved with: Kramer vs. Krammer (1979) In the film, Meryl plays a mother caught up in a custody dispute  . Her co-star, Dustin Hoffman, said, \"She's extraordinarily hardworking. I think she thinks about nothing else but what she's doing.\" Meryl won her first Oscar for her performance in this film. Sophie's Choice (1982) Meryl plays Sophie, a Polish war survivor. To prepare for the role she learned to speak German and perfected a Polish accent. Film critic Roger Ebert said, \"This is one of the most astonishing and yet one of the most natural performances I can imagine.\" Meryl won her second Best Actress Oscar for her performance. Out of Africa(1985) Meryl is Karen Blixen, a Danish woman living in Kenya in the early 20th century. The story follows Karens attempts to run a coffee plantation and her love affair with big-game hunter Denys. The film is based on the memoirs  of the real Karen Blixen. A Cry in the Dark (1995) This is based on the true-life case of the disappearance of baby Azaria. Meryl plays Linda Chamberlain, a mother who is wrongly accused of killing her own child. After spending four years in prison, it was found that wild dogs had taken away the baby. Meryl won Best Actress at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival. The Bridge of Madison County (1995) This movie is based on one of the biggest bestsellers of the 20th century (the book sold 50 million copies worldwide). Meryl plays Francesca Johnson, an Italian war bride living in 1960s Iowa. It's about her brief affair with photographer Robert Kincaid. Mamma Mial(2008) This is a romantic comedy based on the stage musical Mamma Mial, featuring the music from 1970s Swedish pop group ABBA. Meryl plays Donna Sheridan, a hotel owner on the Greek island of Kalokairi. Mamma Mial made over U.S. $ 600 million worldwide. Apparently, Meryl had seen the musical in 2001 and was completely absorbed in it. She had no idea that seven years later she'd be in the movie version. \n Answer: The Bridges of Madison County",
            "output": [
                "For which of the following films did Meryl have to learn a new language?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a81ab2be953f40e296245e9647e8b9e9",
            "input": "Article: A girl who graduated from a world-famous university wanted to do translation work for authority leaders. She was so happy when she entered the British embassy . She thought it was the greatest happiness in her life as many graduates wanted to get that job while she was one of the few people who got it!               But when she started her new job, she realized that it was just a job of answering calls and recording staff members' starting and quitting times. It was unappreciated and was supposed to have no future. However, she didn't feel sad about it. She learnt how to love the job. And she loved it when she was working. The names and phone numbers of the staff members were written down on the notebook so that she could remember them. When the phone calls came in, she picked it up as soon as possible. When someone asked her about who was not in the office, she would answer them the right name and the time when they left. Nobody could do that except her.               Her wonderful performance not only received the compliments from the embassy's staff, but also the employees from the local government. And a leader of a famous company in Britain was also impressed by it and invited her to work for him. After that she became a personal translator of an important leader from Britain and appreciated by the foreigners.               We cannot choose our destiny , but we can choose the attitude with which we face our life. Maybe the attitude could change our destiny. If we cry to life, life will be gray. If we smile to life, life will smile to us, too. \n Answer: Continuing her study in the university.",
            "output": [
                "What was once the girl's greatest happiness in her life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-129e8de8b5334534aedcb16c4f8e51d2",
            "input": "Article: There are several reasons why some people enjoy a better standard of living than other people. Then again, some people work very hard for their entire life and only are able to pay their monthly living expenses. As a matter of fact, they usually end up working until the last day they are alive. On the other hand, many people who are well off, so to speak, and through no fault of their own, experience a rapid decline of their standard of living due to an unexpected disaster, poor health and /or a severe economic depression within the country in which they live. Additionally, well-educated people usually earn more money during their active working years and thus are able to save a great deal of money in which to support themselves after they retire from the work force. People also become wealthy as a result of their own determination or they inherit wealth from elder family members, or they simply continue to work in the business that past generations of their family worked within. It is also true that a person can simply be a lucky dog who wins a lottery or some such contests that give a great deal of wealth to the winner. Let us not forget about the self-made individuals who have a dream of achieving fame and fortune and, after many years truly hard work, are well-rewarded for their continued efforts. An example of whom is the person who wrote the Harry Potter novels. She was just an average person who became a billionaire. So too, Ray Croc, the founder of a chain of fast food restaurants, became rich and famous at a time in life when most people retire from the workforce. Bill Gates is another person, who, by his own determination, skill and hard work, became rich and famous, as well as Ben Franklin and Thomas Edison. As you can see, there are many ways in which to become wealthy and enjoy an above average standard of living. However, those who are motivated by greed and become criminals as a result of such greed end up causing harm to others, as they continue to suck the wealth out of other people within the society. Those criminals simply take all that they get and give back little or nothing in return. What is your plan for achieving financial security, happiness, fame, and fortune? \n Answer: People should enjoy a standard life when they are rich.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author want to emphasize in Para 2?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c971785918b24032b5c9fde3ac6a4ba6",
            "input": "Article: The fourth-graders at Chicago's McCormick Primary School are unaware of the difficulty in learning Chinese. For most, who speak Spanish at home, it's becoming their third language. They've been learning and using Chinese words since kindergarten, and it's now second nature to give a hearty \"ni hao\" when strangers enter the classroom. The classroom scene at McCormick is unusual, but it may soon be a common fixture  in American schools, where Chinese is rapidly becoming the hot new language. Government officials have long wanted more focus on security--useful languages like Chinese, and pressure from them--as well as from business leaders, politicians, and parents--has driven a quick growth in the number of programs. Chicago itself is home to the largest effort to include Chinese in US public schools. The program here has grown to include 3,000 students in 20 schools, with more schools on a waiting list. Programs have also spread to places like Houston, Los Angeles, New York City, and North Carolina. It's true that the number of students learning Chinese is tiny compared with how many study Spanish or French.  _ see knowledge of the Chinese language and culture as a help in a global economy where China is growing in importance. \"This is an interesting way to begin to engage with the world's next superpower,\" says Michael Levine, director of education at the Asia Society, which has started five new public high schools that offer Chinese. \"Globalization has already changed the arrangements in terms of how children today are going to need to think about their careers... The question is, when not whether, the schools are going to adjust.\" In Chicago, the trend extends beyond schools with high numbers of Asian students. \"The fact that my students are 98% low income and 99% Latino  and they are succeeding in _ , tells me everyone should have a try at learning languages,\" says Virginia Rivera, principal at McCormick. \"We want to give our young people opportunities to advance... and Chinese is a great opportunity to survive in today's economy,\" says Richard M. Daley, Mayor of Chicago. \n Answer: Four.",
            "output": [
                "How many languages are mentioned in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-00113ad4b7c648048ab8cd92a91f5f13",
            "input": "Article: Janice is an American engineer working in Nanjing. She and her husband George, who is teaching English at a university, have been eager to get to know Chinese people better, so they were pleased when Liu, Janice's young co-worker, invited them to her home for dinner. When they arrived, Liu introduced them to her husband Yang and asked them to sit down at a table containing eight plates of various cold dishes. Half an hour later she came back and sat down and the three began to eat. Yang came in from time to time, putting hot dishes on the table. Most of the food was wonderful, though neither George nor Janice could eat the fatty pork, and there was much more than they could eat. They kept wishing Yang would sit down so they could talk to him. Finally he did sit down to eat a bit, but soon it was time to go home. Janice and George felt slightly depressed by this experience, but returned the invitation two weeks later. They decided to make a nice American meal and felt lucky to find olives, crackers , tomato juice, and even some cheese in the shop. They put these out as appetizers . For the main course they prepared spaghetti and a salad. When Liu and Yang arrived and began to have dinner, they took small tastes of the appetizers and seemed surprised when both George and Janice sat down with them. They ate only a little spaghetti and didn't finish the salad on their plates. After a while, George cleared the table and served coffee and pastries . Yang and Liu each put four spoons of sugar into their coffee but didn't drink much of it and ate only a bite or two of pastry. After they left, George and Janice were upset. \" We left their place so full but they're going to have to eat again when they get home. What went wrong? \n Answer: Many dishes were cooked in American style.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the dinner at Liu's home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e88462c69f884e9e9e9e11dd5ed8d33b",
            "input": "Article: Once there was a baby eagle living in a nest   on a cliff  .The baby eagle loved his nest.It was warm, soft and comfortable.And even better, he had all the food and love that his mother could give.Whenever the baby eagle was hungry, his mother would always come just in time with the delicious food he liked. He was growing happily day after day.But suddenly his world eagle changed.His mother stopped coming to the nest, he was full of sadness and fear.He thought he would die soon.He cried, but nobody heard him. Two days later mother appeared with some nice food.The baby eagle was wild with joy.But his mother put the food at the top of the mountain and then looked down at her baby. The baby eagle cried out, \"Mum, why did you do this to me? I'm hungry.Don't you know I will die if I have nothing to eat?\" \"Here is the Last meal I give you.Come and get it by yourself.\" his mother said.Then she flew down and pushed the baby eagle out of the nest. The baby eagle fell down, faster and faster.He looked up at his mum.\" Why do you abandon me?\" He looked down at the earth.The ground was much closer.Then something strange happened.The air caught behind his arms and he began to fly! He wasn't moving to the ground any more.Instead, his eyes were pointed up at the sun. You are flying! You can make it!\" His mother smiled. \n Answer: His mother offered him nice food.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRIJE about the baby eagle's life before his mother stopped coming to the nest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8b96c47dc545418cb8816028112708f1",
            "input": "Article: Perhaps you will visit New York one day. You might be a student there. Here is some advice. Get a good map of the city. It will also have subway and bus maps. Remember the directions--uptown, downtown, east and west. Feel the excitement of New York .Have fun! NEW YORK CONVENTION AND VISITORS BUREAU Address:90 East 42nd Street,N.Y.100017 Telephone:6871300 TIMES SQUARE INFORMATION CENTER Address:43rd Street between Seventh Avenue and Broadway Telephone:5938983 TRAVELERS' AID SOCIETY Address:204 ast 39th Street,N.Y.10016(central office) Telephone:6790200 TRAVEL INFORMATION:NEW YORK SUBWAYS AND BUSES Telephone:3301234 OTHER TELEPHONE NUMBERS The weather:WE 61212.The time:ME 71212 Emergency (Police,Fire,or Ambulance):911 or \"0\" for operator A doctor:8971000 USEFUL BOOK Seeing New York; The official MTA Travel Guide,published by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. \n Answer: Have fun here",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c83e07409be14dc388b3c7622484f576",
            "input": "Article: While I was on a trip to Papua New Guinea to take underwater photographs, I asked a local dive guide to help me find a pygmy sea horse . I wanted to take a picture of it. These sea horses can be red or yellow-and-orange. The red pygmy sea horse lives on only one type of coral, a red sea fan that grows at depths below ninety feet. This depth made the job even tougher. As the pressure on my body increased, I had to breathe harder, which used my air supply faster. So the deeper I dived, the shorter my time underwater. I had a lot to do. First, I had to find the pygmy sea horse's special type of fan .Then I had to look over the whole fan with my magnifying glass  to see if a sea horse lived on it. If not, I had to find another fan--all the while keeping an eye on my oxygen supply. The second fan rewarded me with a find. The dive guide held the magnifying glass so I could have my first look at the tiny fish. My next challenge was to focus my camera on such a small subject. The dive guide pointed at the tiny creature. I looked through the viewfinder  on my large underwater camera housing , found the guide's finger, and followed it to the sea horse. It was hard to hold ourselves steady because both of us were floating in mid-water, but our system worked. I could hardly contain my excitement as I focused on the eyes of the cutest sea horse imaginable. \n Answer: It lives on red sea fans only.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about the red pygmy sea horse?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eccda811054346d39c054e032ee11260",
            "input": "Article: A funny thing happened on the way to the communication revolution: we stopped talking to one another. I was walking in the park with a friend recently, and his cell phone rang, interrupting our conversation. There we were, walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day and suddenly, I became invisible, absent from the conversation. The telephone used to connect you to the absent. Now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent. Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Every advance in communication technology is a tragedy to the closeness of human interaction. With email and instant messaging over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another. With voice-mail, you can conduct entire conversations without ever reaching anyone. If my mom has a question, I just leave the answer on her machine. As almost every contact we can imagine between human beings gets automated, the emotional distance index goes up. You can't even call a person to get the phone number of another person any more. Directory assistance is almost always fully automated. I am not against modern technology. I own a cell phone, an ATM card, a voice-mail system, and an email account. Giving them up isn't wise. They're a great help to us. It's some of their possible consequences that make me feel uneasy. More and more, I find myself hiding behind email to do a job meant for conversations or being relieved with voice-mail picking up because I don't really have time to talk. The industry devoted to helping me keep in touch is making me lonelier. \n Answer: The Consequences of Communication Technology",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f81b72a1d334780ba42e17dfb1113cb",
            "input": "Article: The roots of what we call\"volunteerism\"reach back many generations, to a time when neighbors and townspeople would come together to build and run their communities'  most important organizations--everything from schools and governments to fire-fighting and self-defense.     Besides organizations,however, this early volunteerism brought community elements more tightly together, allowing neighbors to get to know one another, to achieve something important and,more often than not to have fun. _      Today,volunteerism continues to thrive.Why? Because volunteerism gets people out of their homes,and brings them together with others who share their interests and concerns.It gives people a chance to directly improve the communalities in which they live.And it's still fun.     As an important part of social life,volunteer service is gaining more attention and support in the whole world.Volunteers make considerable contributors to social and economic development of the world in the fields such as humanitarian assistance ,social welfare ,education,environmental protection,health and etc.In 1985,the United Nations General Assembly announced the December 5th of each year as the International Volunteers'Day--the day for volunteers all over the world.On this day,many countries in the world organize various activities to celebrate International Volunteers' Day and encourage volunteerism and voluntary service.     In recent years,volunteer service in China is also developing very fast With the coming of the Olympic Games to Beijing,more and more citizens are willing to be volunteers and various voluntary organizations are set up.Olympic volunteers won't just watch history unfold on their television screens--they'll have a once-in-a-lifetime chance to share the excitement. and make history themselves. \n Answer: People could share their interests and concerns.",
            "output": [
                "What was the advantage of volunteerism many generations ago?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2915e1cb58d64814a2ddf18790fb876d",
            "input": "Article: MERS, also known as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, has made its way to the US. The second patient was in Orlando, Florida while the first reported case was in Indiana. Tom Frieden, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said the disease has mainly been transmitted  by close personal contact, such as directly caring for a very ill person. The virus is formally called MERS-CoV because it's part of the corona virus  family that includes the common cold and severe SARS. SARS was  ly easy to stop a decade ago, because it was being transmitted by caged animals in Chinese markets. MERS-CoV was first identified in people in 2012, but has been spreading rapidly since March, 2015. The vast majority of those cases occurred in Saudi Arabia. The patient in Orlando felt ill on the first flight but not ill enough to notify a doctor. Early on May 9, he apparently became concerned that he was still feeling ill, and he went to the emergency room at Dr. P. Phillips Hospital. He identified himself as recently having been in Saudi Arabia, so he was quickly isolated to avoid infecting  other patients. Wayne Marasco, an expert at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, said his biggest concern about MERS-CoV is how little we know about it. It's still not clear, in some instances, where the virus comes from, how it is transmitted or who is most subject. \n Answer: By close personal contact.",
            "output": [
                "According to Tom Frieden, how is a person mainly infected by MERS?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3674e065424347559b9ff07bb04295c3",
            "input": "Article: Following some of the tips for green living helps save our planet. All of these involve just a few changes to our daily habits. Just walk and limit the use of your car. One of the poster images of pollution is our vehicles. It burns fuel. It is not as efficient as we hope it could be, and we use it every single day. To lessen the effects of the air pollution caused by our vehicles, we should limit their use. If we can walk to our destination then just let us go. Not only do we lessen our carbon dioxide emissions, but we also get a good exercise out of it. Use a laptop instead of a computer desktop. Laptops are more energy efficient compared to their bigger counterparts. A laptop is generally 50 percent more efficient in using electricity. Aside from that there are other benefits of a laptop. It is portable so you can work anywhere you like and that you get powerful features without the large size of desktop units. Turn off the faucet while you are brushing your teeth. It is always a better idea to use a glass when we are brushing our teeth and not to just let the faucet keep on running. Therefore,there is less water to waste while we are cleaning our pearly whites. Simply turn off the faucet when you are not using it. Make good use of natural light. We have a great and natural lamp --- the sun, and we should learn how to take full advantage of it during daytime. So instead of turning on our lights or lamps even if it is still not evening, we should pull up the drapes and let the natural light come in from the windows. These are just some of the best tips for green living, but of course there are still many of these tips if you just search for them. But you can do your own variation any time just always prioritize how you can use less energy and produce even lesser trash and pollution. \n Answer: Green Living and Serious Pollution",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c7a6df4bf70b48b5b2dd0b5343328871",
            "input": "Article: But that did not really surprise me much. I knew very well that in addition to the great planets-- such as the Earth, Jupiter, Mars, Venus-- to which we have given names, there are also hundreds of others, some of which are so small that one has a hard time seeing them through the telescope. When an astronomer discovers one of these he does not give it a name, but only a number. He might call it, for example, \"Asteroid 325.\"  I have serious reason to believe that the planet from which the little prince came is the asteroid known as B-612. This asteroid has only once been seen through the telescope. That was by a Turkish astronomer, in 1909. On making his discovery, the astronomer had presented it to the International Astronomical Congress, in a great demonstration . But he was in Turkish costume, and so nobody would believe what he said. Grown-ups are like that...  Fortunately, however, for the reputation of Asteroid B-612, a Turkish dictator  made a law that his subjects  should change to European costume under pain of death  .So in 1920 the astronomer gave his demonstration all over again, dressed with impressive style and elegance. And this time everybody accepted his report.  If I have told you these details about the asteroid, and made a note of its number for you, it is for the grown-ups and their ways. When you tell them that you have made a new friend, they never ask you any questions about essential matters. They never say to you, \"What does his voice sound like? What games does he love best? Does he collect butterflies?\" Instead, they demand: \"How old is he? How many brothers has he? How much money does his father make?\"  If you were to say to the grown-ups: \"I saw a beautiful house made of rosy brick, with geraniums in the windows and doves on the roof,\" they would not be able to get any idea of that house at all. You would have to say to them: \"I saw a house that cost $20,000.\" Then they would cry out: \"Oh, what a pretty house that is!\"    _ , if you say to them: \"The proof that the little prince existed is that he was charming, that he laughed, and that he was looking for a sheep.\" And what good would it do to tell them that? They would shrug their shoulders, and treat you like a child. But if you said to them: \"The planet he came from is Asteroid B-612,\" then they would be convinced, and leave you free from their questions.  They are like that. One must not hold it against them. Children should always show great forbearance toward grown-up people. But certainly, for us who understand life, figures are a matter of indifference . \n Answer: They don't really understand life.",
            "output": [
                "What are adults like in the eye of the narrator?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18fbee45543d44439461b9371ed90fd4",
            "input": "Article: Everyone's at it,even my neighbors. I thought I might be the only person left in the world who hadn't done an eBay deal. So,I decided to try my hand at online auction .      Buying for beginners:Sign up on  _ .  Most items(e.g. tables, computers, and books) ready for auction will come with a picture and a short description;others may be marked with \"Buy It Now\" and have a fixed price. You can buy these right away.     If the item is being auctioned,you offer the highest price you are prepared to pay and eBay bids for you. The bid will be increased little by little until it goes beyond your highest bid,then you are emailed and asked if you would like to bid again. Auctions last up to 10 days and when they finish you get an email telling you whether you have won the item.     How to pay: Sellers decide how they would like to be paid and you need to check this before placing a bid as you might not want to post a cheque or postal orders. The easiest way is through PayPal,an online payment system that takes the money away from your credit card  .      Selling made simple:If you plan to sell on eBay,it helps to include a picture of the item. I followed my friends' advice and put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10-day auction,starting on a Thursday. This way, buyers had two weekends to bid. The big things in life:It' s easy to post a small item,but furniture is a big part of eBay and this has to be collected or sent by deliverymen  . Check the ways of delivery before you bid. \n Answer: How to use an online-auction system.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-375c42b23263408a9014585cc416ea74",
            "input": "Article: Phaethon stood impatiently at the heavy golden doors. He ordered the guards, Month and Year, to let him approach his father's throne. As the doors opened slowly, the sun's rays almost blinded him. Phaethon protected his eyes and felt his way toward Apollo's throne. \"Come here, my son. Follow my voice,\" Apollo's voice echoed. \"What is so urgent that you have my guards hurrying to do your bidding?\"            \"Father, I have a problem. All of my friends have been teasing me. They don't believe that you're my father or that you make the sun rise and set,\" complained Phaethon.      Apollo replied, \"Oh? That problem again? Well, just to prove it to your friends once and for all, I will satisfy any wish you desire.\"            \"Really? Then I have only one wish,\" answered Phaethon. \"I'd like to drive your chariot and make the sun rise tomorrow morning!\"       Apollo was horrified. \"No, not that! No one but me can drive the chariot. The horses are too powerful!\"      \"You said I could have anything,\" murmured Phaethon.      Bound by his promise, Apollo had to agree. His heart was sick with worry as he ordered Dawn to prepare the horses, Hour and Day, to the Golden Chariot. Phaethon could hardly wait to jump in the driver's seat and take the reins . He hoped all his friends were watching the sky and waiting for him through the stars.      \"Wait, my son! There are things you need to know!\" cried Apollo.  \"Oh, Father! You worry too much. I've often seen you drive. I know what to do,\" Phaethon answered.           Apollo hurried to give directions. \"You have never driven my chariot before. You must make the horses stay on the path. If you are too low, you will  _ the earth and large land on it could be thrown into a world of fire.\"           \"I know, Father. Now watch me take off!\" shouted Phaethon.       Dawn stepped back and released the horses go. The horses were filled with excitement. The sky begged for Dawn's light, so she ran toward the horizon to make the darkness fade. As Phaethon was about to get on, Apollo took him by the arm and said, \"Please listen to me! If you go too high, you will warm the cold depths of the heavens, and the Bear or Snake or the Scorpion   will come alive!\"          Phaethon just laughed. \"My friends are waiting. I've got to go!\" he shouted.           With that, the chariot was off. It was a wild ride. Hour and Day were difficult to control. Phaethon did not have his father's strong arms or years of experience. The horses wove from side to side and jumped up and down through the heavens, hitting everything in their way. The sun bounced along behind the chariot like a basketball. It scratched the stars and slipped along mountaintops, leaving burnt remains behind. Phaethon's friends ran for cover as they watched. Just as his father had warned him, the figures in the sky began to move. Suddenly the Scorpion appeared suddenly before him, but Phaethon dashed by in time. The Snake struck out and bit a wheel off the chariot.       Apollo, seeing the destruction, rushed up toward the heavens, but he was too late! The Bear had waken up from his icy hibernation and seized Phaethon before his father could reach him. Apollo took hold of the reins and finally regained control of Hour and Day, but it was years before the earth's mountaintops were white with snow again. The scorched areas became deserts where very little would grow. Phaethon became a part of the stars alongside the Bear, where his father could regretfully keep an eye on him. \n Answer: Apollo asked Phaethon to do it as a favour.",
            "output": [
                "What caused Apollo to allow Phaethon to drive the chariot?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b7cfbe796ef045138923c95b4f7b81cd",
            "input": "Article: In the depths of my memory, many things I did with my father still live. These things come to represent, in fact, what I call joy and love.  I don't remember my father ever getting into a swimming pool. But he did love the water. Any kind of boat ride seemed to give him pleasure. And he loved to fish; sometimes he took me along.  But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did. I liked being in the water, moving through it, having it all around me. I was not a strong swimmer, or one who learned to swim early, for I had my fears. But I loved being in the swimming pool close to my father's office and spending those summer days with my father, who would come by on a break. I needed him to see what I could do. My father would stand there in his suit, the only person not in swimsuit.  After swimming, I would go inside his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me play with anything I found in his top desk drawer. Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk while he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps I shouldn't be playing with his office things. But my father always showed up and said easily, \"Oh, no, it's fine.\" Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get myself an ice cream...  A poet once said, \"We look at life once, in childhood; the rest is memory.\" And I think it is not only what we \"look at once, in childhood\" that decides our memories, but who, in that childhood, looks at us. \n Answer: A professor.",
            "output": [
                "What was probably the author's father?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-41502b48df2d45bfb90f2324a975adac",
            "input": "Article: No one knows exactly when jazz was invented, or by whom. But it is said that it began in the early 1900s. Jazz was a new kind of music, for America and the world, and New Orleans was its birthplace. Who were the jazz pioneers? Most were blacks. This music was not written down, and at first only blacks played it. It was hard for white musicians to learn the new style. But soon they, too, were playing jazz. The popularity of this music spread. From New Orleans, it traveled up the Mississippi to Chicago, then to Kansas City and New York. By the 1920s, there were many jazz musicians, both black and white. Many of them were famous. One man was better than the rest. His name was Louis Armstrong. Louis Armstrong was a born musician. He was not only talented but also hard-working. He also had a good sense of humor and a big, good-natured smile. These personal qualities were valuable in his rise to fame. After he became famous, he traveled around the world. It seemed that everyone wanted to hear Louis play. But life was not always easy, especially at the beginning. Louis Armstrong was born in 1900 in New Orleans. His father never went to school and his mother could hardly read. When Louis was still a kid, his parents separated, and Louis lived with his mother. How hard their life was can readily be imagined. And yet Louis smiled through everything. He later wrote, \"My whole life has been happiness. Life was there for me and I accepted it. Whatever happened has been beautiful to me. I love everybody.\" \n Answer: His talent and hard work.",
            "output": [
                "What made Louis Armstrong become the best jazz musician?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7870763e7d114ad09b5c99986c1f0b19",
            "input": "Article: Future history books might record that we were robbed of the use of our eyes ,In our hurry to get from one place to another, we fail to see anything on the way, Air travel gives you a bird's -eye view of the world ---or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to _ When you travel by car or train , you are moving so quickly that you do not see the countryside clearly , Car drivers are forever thinking about going on and on; they never want to stop, Is it the great motorways ,that attract them, or what? And as for sea travel ,it hardly deserves mention ,It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song:'I joined the navy to see the world ,and what did I see? I saw the sea'. You mention the place names in the world like EI Dorado, Kabul and someone is sure to say'I've been there'meaning ,'I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else.' When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing :you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place, But actual arrival ,when it is achieved , is meaningless , You want to move on again . By traveling like this, you suspend  all experience; the present stops being a reality:you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand , lives constantly in the present, For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes, He experiences, the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body, At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical tiredness, Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travelers. \n Answer: Because we are eager to go to another place",
            "output": [
                "Why does \"the present\"mean \"nothing \"when we travel at high speeds?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e0cdee61476469ebe5b63663fe946df",
            "input": "Article: There are 70,000 pubs in England and Wales have several thousand more in Scotland. Every country has its drinking shop, but none has an institution quite like the British pub. The most important feature of a good pub (which modern buildings hardly ever achieve) is a feeling of something private. It must have nooks and crannies, corners and snugs, where conversations and assignations can take place without the whole world listening in. Most pubs have at least two separate bars. The \"public bar\" which is for ordinary and women is the basic drinking shop. The \"lounge bar\" (or saloon bar) which is for traveling salesmen and \"ladies\" probably has a carpet on the floor and rather more comfortable decoration. There may be a difference of a few pence in the drink prices, although all pubs are required by law to put their price lists easily seen on display. Pubs have been changing over the past few decades. More and more of them sell good, inexpensive food and are competing strongly with restaurants. Tea and coffee are often on offer and children are being made more welcome. The law says that no one under 14 may enter a pub, and between 14 and 18 they must be accompanied by an adult and may not buy or consume alcoholic drink. In reality some pubs, especially in country districts, welcome whole families. Some set aside special rooms for children and where there are gardens they are almost always welcome. The most basic change, however, came about in the 1938 licensing laws which allowed pubs in England and Wales to open not just at lunch time and in the evening, but all day, from 11 a.m. to 11 p.m. (Scottish laws already permitted all day opening.) \n Answer: Pubs in Britain",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f5f6569acf084d3483b558527e882a72",
            "input": "Article: I was doing some Christmas shopping in a toy store and decided to look at Barbie dolls for my nieces. A nicely dressed little girl was excitedly looking through the Barbie dolls as well. As she was looking, a little boy came to the Pokemon toys. He was dressed neat-ly, but his clothes were obviously old. He was with his father as well, and kept picking up the Pokemon video toys. Each time he picked one up and looked at his father, his father shook his head and said,\"No. \" The little girl had chosen her Barbie. However, she stopped and was watching them. Rather dejectedly, the boy had to give up the Pokemon toys and choose something else. The little girl put her Barbie back on the shelf, and ran over to the Pokemon toys. She excitedly picked up one and raced towards the checkout. I picked up my purchases and got in line behind them. Then, much to the little girl's delight, the little boy and his father got in line behind me. After the toy was paid for and bagged, the little girl handed it back to the cashier  and whispered something in her ear. The cas her smiled and put the package under the counter. I paid for my purchases and was rearranging things when the little boy came up to the cashier. The cashier checked his purchases and said,\" Congratulations, you are my hundredth customer today, and you win a prize !\" With that, she handed the little boy the Pokemon toys, and he could only stare in surprise. It was exactly what he had wanted ! The little girl and her father had been standing at the doorway during all of this. Then they walked out. As I walked back to my car, I heard the father ask his daughter why she had done that. I'll never forget what she said to him. \"Daddy, didn't grandparents want me to buy something that would make me happy?\" He said,\"Of course they did, honey. \" To which the little girl replied,\" Well, I just did !\" I feel very shocked to have witnessed the true spirit of Christmas in that toy store, in the form of a little girl who understands more about the meaning of this festival than most adults I know. \n Answer: The little girl bought the Poknemon toys for him.",
            "output": [
                "How did the little boy get the Pokemon toys?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e20453b62ea749bfa7343cffc992706f",
            "input": "Article: Once upon a time there was a monster . He was very ugly and had no friends. No one wanted to talk to him. Even other monsters thought he was ugly. He lived alone and was very unhappy because he was so lonely. \"I wish I had a friend.\" He said to himself every day, \"One friend would be enough. Someone to talk to.\" He wrote a letter to a magazine. The magazine gave people advice. \"Dear Editor,\" he wrote, \"I am a ugly monster. How can I find a friend?\" \"Dear monster,\" the Editor replied, \"Advertise for a friend in this magazine.\" The monster wrote an advertisement. \"Monster wants a friend, male or female. I have two heads, four arms, six legs and three tails. I have one blue eye, one green eye and one brown eye. Smoke comes out of my nose. But I am really a kind monster and will be a good friend to someone. If you would like to meet me, please stand outside Blake's Store at 6 p.m. on Friday, May 7th. Write to Mr. A, Box 45, everybody's Magazine.\" A few days later he went to the magazine. \"Do you have any letters for Box 45?\" he asked. The clerk looked in Box 45. \"Yes, there is one.\" She said, and gave it to him. The monster opened the letter, and read, \"Dear Monster, I think a person's character is more important than his appearance. I will wait outside Blake's Store on Friday. Please carry a flower so that I will recognize you. Yours sincerely, Miss Alice Thwaite.\" \n Answer: He had no friends.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the monster unhappy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eefb993a7ba34c6eaf99f85fa824d578",
            "input": "Article: A rising population is one of the main reasons that there is global warming. Between 1650 and 1850 the population increased by 0.75 billion people going from 0.25 billion to one billion. From 1930 to the end of the century the population rose from two billion to over six billion. In just a third of the time the population rose by more than five times what it did before. It is expected that this trend in the changing population will continue and could even heighten. The growing population requires increasing amounts of energy. These energy demands and other supplies require production, which almost always involves the emission of greenhouse gases. The more the population increases the more greenhouse gases that are produced and the greater the increase in temperature. The burning of fossil fuels is one of the best-known causes for global warming. The major reason for fossil fuels contributing so much to global warming is the release of carbon that occurs during the burning of fossil fuels. When people burn fossil fuels, they release large amounts of carbon by way of the release of carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide in the air then leads to global warming. Another source of carbon dioxide comes from _ . In forests there is a large amount of carbon that is stored in the trees and other plants. This carbon is out of the atmosphere because the trees consume the carbon from carbon dioxide. When people cut down trees, they are frequently burned. This burning releases the carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that was stored in organic matter. Even when new trees are planted, it can take up to one hundred years to make up for the carbon that was released. It is commonly thought that because trees absorb more carbon dioxide, the atmosphere experiences positive effects. Sophie Armstrong, the writer of Earth Care put it, \"There's no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer because of human activity rather than a random but natural phenomenon. \n Answer: Carbon Dioxide",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following titles goes with the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-39409a5e192946ef8c6ebaa1d3294037",
            "input": "Article: In America, after middle school comes high school, which includes grades 9 through 12. Students are required to take compulsory subjects like English, social studies, math, science, and physical education. In addition, they choose among elective subjects  to complete their high school education. Electives include subjects in technology, music, art, and foreign languages. Each student in the school has their own locker for books and personal items. This convenience saves students from carrying textbooks, and allows students a small space they can decorate with(......)posters and favorite objects. Cheating in any form is strictly prohibited in American schools. And in fact, high school students usually don't cheat. If they are caught cheating, they will have to face severe punishment. Each school holds certain yearly activities for all school students, such as homecoming , prom night , holiday celebrations, etc. Most high schools have at least one sports team that competes in local games, and all students are encouraged to take part in athletics. Schools often offer football, baseball and softball, basketball, volleyball, tennis, and soccer. Some may even have sports like golf, swimming, gymnastics and cross-country skiing. Many high school students have part-time jobs by the age of 15 or 16, some even earlier. Their first jobs are often babysitting or cutting lawns , but later they will likely get a job at a fast-food restaurant, video store, or clothing shop. Sixteen years old is legal driving age in most states, and students usually want to own a car as soon as they can. Some parents allow their children to drive a family car, and may even buy a car as a graduation present. Others prefer that their sons and daughters earn enough to buy a used car. Many teenagers feel it's necessary to own a car, and will do whatever it takes to be able to drive. \n Answer: American High School Life",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-33c53ad9359148efbf0d9b374837584e",
            "input": "Article: Genzeb Tibeb is very bright. At only 11 years old, her future is looking promising.  She is ranked 2nd Out of 56 students at her govemment school in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia where she has been seleeted for a special program because of her talent. She knows she is special and proudly shows off her certificate and book signifying her accomplishments in this special program. But her future hasn't always looked so bright. While her mother, Bekelech, sacrificed immensely for Genzeb, she would not have been able to continue sending her to school. When her husband died, Bekelech was the sole provider for their five children. In order for them to survive, she began the daily routine of walking approximately 8-10 miles a day collecting sticks to sell near her 8' x 10' home in Kichene.  It wouldn't have been long before Genzeb would have been, forced to quit school in order to help her mom.    But Bright Future changed all that. Genzeb has been at Bright Future for 3 years.  Since Ethiopian schools let out early, Genzeb walks to the facility right after lunch.  Because of her high ability, she even helps teach the younger children there, building confidence and locking in important foundational academic skills. There's also other meaningful opportunities Genzeb experiences which allow her eyes to be opened to the different opportunities that are available to her if she completes her studies.  Field trips are one of her most favorite activities of all. She especially loved the one to Addis Ababa University. She knows it goes beyond fun trips, though. \"I am happy because I get extra help for school from Bright Future,\" Genzeb shares.  At so many levels, her involvement with Bright Future allows her to receive a better education, which she values.  For one day she wants to help people in need by becoming a doctor.  And now she knows, that with a lot of hard  work, that dream might just become a reality. \n Answer: Bright Future",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, what is the major factor that can help Genzeb Tibeb continue  her school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c6b32a28b6e04f58aaf279c2289fb7a2",
            "input": "Article: Most people around the world are right-handed. This also seems to be true in history. In 1799, scientists studied works of art made at different times from 1,500 B.C. to the 1950s. Most of the people shown in these works are right-handed, so the scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common through history. Today, only about 10% to 15% of the world's population is left-handed. Why are there more right-handed people than left-handed ones? Scientists now know that a person's two hands each have their own jobs. For most people, the hand is used to find things or hold things. The right hand is used to work with things. This is because of the different work of the two sides of the brain. The right side of the brain, which makes a person's hands and eyes work together, controls the left hand. The left-side of the brain, which controls the right hand, is the centre for thinking and doing problems. These findings show that more artists should be left-handed, and studies have found that left-handedness is twice as common among artists as among people in other jobs. No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed instead of left-handed. Scientists have found that almost 40% of the people become left-handed because their main brain is damaged when they are born. However, this doesn't happen to everyone, so scientists guess there must be another reason why people become left-handed. One idea is that people usually get right-handed from their parents. If a person does not receive the gene  for right-handedness, he / she may become either right-handed or left-handed according to the chance and the people they work or live with. Though right-handedness is more common than left-handedness, people no longer think left-handed people are strange or unusual. A long time ago, left-handed children were made to use their right hands like other children, but today they don't have to. \n Answer: Less than one sixth.",
            "output": [
                "How many people in the world are left-handed now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bf4ed06af19b42bb9f6e81b7e91bf9e5",
            "input": "Article: WASHINGTON--Tofu and Soyaburgers may be coming to American school lunch menus.What will the kids say? \"Terrible,\" said Greg Dudzinski,17,of Ripon High School in Wisconsin,as he toured the US capital. \"The regular hamburgers are bad enough,so soyaburgers would be a lot worse,\" offered Zach Richey,13,of Scottsboro Junior High in Alabama,another tourist. But the United States government--hoping to reduce the amount of fat that children are eating--has approved the use of soy as a meat substitute in meals for schools and day-care centers. Not all kids dislike the change Mariel Spano,17,of Sandy Creek High School in New York,also visiting the capital,said she likes soyaburgers:\"There's less fat,and they're better for you.They taste the same,and they're just as good.\" The government tried to make soy a meat substitute nearly 20 years ago-but later dropped the idea.At the time,the plan was intended as a cost-cutting move .US Agriculture Department officials say their purpose now is only to make meals healthier. Schools are likely to increase the amount of soy that is mixed with hamburgers and other foods already on their menus,and they will also be looking to food companies to develop new soy products that children will like \"I can't see putting tofu on a student's plate as being acceptable.I can see taking a product that's familiar to the students and adding a large amount of soy to it and having it be acceptable,\" said Jill Benza,director of food services for the Mesa,Arizona schools. \n Answer: Various opinions on soy products for US schools.",
            "output": [
                "What is the newspaper report mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d5effc2323354f0db028ebd4213aaa49",
            "input": "Article: A new argument has been put forward as to whether penguins are disturbed by the presence of tourists in Antarctica. Previous research by scientists from Keil University in Germany monitored Adelie penguins and noted that the birds' heart rates increased dramatically at the sight of a human as far as 30 meters away.  But new research using an artificial egg, which is equipped to measure heart rates, disputes this.  Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge say that a slow moving human who does not approach the nest too closely, is not viewed as a threat by penguins. The earlier findings have been used to partly explain the 20 per cent drop in populations of certain types of penguins near tourist sites.  However, tour operators have continued to insist that their activities do not adversely affect wildlife in Antarctica, saying they encourage non-disruptive behavior in tourists, and that the decline in penguin numbers is caused by other factors. Amanda Nimon of the Scott Polar Research Institute spent three southern hemisphere summers at Cuverville Island in Antarctica studying penguin behavior towards humans.  \"A nesting penguin will react very differently to a person rapidly and closely approaching the nest,\" says Nimon.  \"First they exhibit large and prolonged heart rate changes and then they often flee the nest leaving it open for predators   to fly in and remove eggs or chicks.\"  The artificial egg, specially for the project, monitored both the parent who had been 'disturbed' when the egg was placed in the nest and the other parent as they both took it in turns to guard the nest. However, Boris Culik, who monitored the Adelie penguins, believes that Nimon's findings do not invalidate his own research.  He points out that species behave differently - and Nimon's work was with Gentoo penguins.  Nimon and her colleagues believe that Culik's research was methodologically flawed because the monitoring of penguins' responses needed capturing and restraining the birds and fitting them with beart-rate transmitters.  Therefore, argues Nimon, it would not be surprising if they became stressed on seeing a human _ . \n Answer: No firm conclusions are drawn.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what overall message is presented?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-64d8444c6a6b4411956f1f29fa12bc57",
            "input": "Article: A new plan for getting children to and from school is being started by a local government in Eastern England. This could end the worries of many parents fearful for their children's safety on the roads. Until now the local government have only been prepared to provide bus services for children living more than three miles from their school, or sometimes less if special reasons existed.Now it has been decided that if a group of parents ask for help in organizing transport they will be prepared to go ahead, as long as the arrangement will not lose money and children taking part will be attending their nearest school. The new plan is to be tried out this term for children living at Milton who attend Impington School.The children live just within the three-mile limit and the local government have said in the past that they will not agree to provide free transport to the school.But now they have agreed to offer a sum of money for a bus service from Milton to Impington and back, a plan which has the support of the school's headmaster. Between 50 and 60 parents have said they would like their children to take part.Final calculations have still to be carried out, but a government official has said the cost to parents should be less than PS20 a term. They have been able to arrange the service at a low cost because there is already an agreement with the bus company for a bus to take children who live further away to Impington.The same bus would now just make one more journey to pick up the Milton children.The official said they would get in touch with other groups of parents who in the past had asked if transport could be provided for their children, to see if they would like to take part in the new plan. \n Answer: To prevent the students' road accidents.",
            "output": [
                "What is the aim of the plan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cb93c557e62744ed9a8ed67284ff844a",
            "input": "Article: Mars Was Not Always Bitterly Cold Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have reported evidence that Mars was warmer and wetter long ago than it is today.  The Caltech scientists say they have directly _ the temperature of Mars four billion years ago. At least, they established the surface temperature on part of the planet at that time. The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented. The Caltech scientists say carbonate  minerals formed on Mars at about eighteen degrees Celsius. They reached the finding after studying a meteorite  that had its beginnings near the Martian surface. Today, the average temperature on Mars is sixty-three degrees below zero Celsius. The finding was reported on the website of the National Academy of Sciences. Caltech Assistant Professor Woody Fischer helped to prepare the report. He says eighteen degrees Celsius is not especially cold or hot. He says this makes the finding extremely interesting. Knowing the temperature can give scientists an idea of the climate on Mars long ago. It can also help them decide whether the planet had liquid water. Spacecraft orbiting Mars have shown what appear to be rivers, lakebeds and mineral deposits. These pictures suggest that, at one time, water did flow there. Mars Rover vehicles and other spacecraft have confirmed the information. Caltech Geology Professor John Eiler was another writer of the report. He says knowing the temperature of Mars from long ago provides valuable information. It shows that early in the planet's history, at least part of Mars could support a climate like that of Earth. The meteorite the scientists examined is one of the oldest known rocks in the world. It is called the Allan Hills meteorite. Its name came from the place in Antarctica where it was found in 1984. The meteorite is believed to have blown loose from the Mars' surface when another space rock struck its \"home.\" \n Answer: By studying Allan Hills meteorite.",
            "output": [
                "How did the scientists reach the finding?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3cfed79468ae49f4848e5b3f10ac44c8",
            "input": "Article: Health experts have discovered that adding low-calorie vegetable soup to the start of a meal can actually help to lose weight. Because you feel full sooner, you eat less of your main course. The soup regime was tested by researchers at Pennsylvania State University, led by Dr Barbara Rolls. They found that when people ate a first course of soup before lunch they reduced their total calorie intake by 20 per cent, compared with those who did not begin the meal with soup. But those who _ creamy soups should be careful.Researchers stressed the soup must be low-calorie and based on stock , not cream. All of the soups tested in the study were made from identical ingredients - chicken stock , broccoli , potato, cauliflower and carrots. They were mixed together to create four different textures and thickness from separate stock and vegetables through to pureed soup. Scientists thought that thick soups with chunks of vegetables which required chewing might be more filling, but to their surprise they found all forms had the same effect. The findings were presented to the Experimental Biology conference in Washington, DC, and the research was part-funded by the National Institutes of Health. \n Answer: You can feel full soon after having the soup.",
            "output": [
                "What's the reason that adding low-calorie vegetable soup to the start of a meal can actually help to lose weight?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3d6982cf013845049c8cc5c70ce17c57",
            "input": "Article: Risk of death is 3.5 to 5 times greater for obese   smokers than it is for people who have never smoked and are at a normal weight, according to a study published in the November, 2006 issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. The study, which began with a self-administered questionnaire taken between 1983 and 1989, asked more than 80,000 radiologic technologists aged 22 to 92 questions about age, height, weight and smoking behavior. BMI (body mass index) was calculated, with a BMI of 30 to 34.9 being considered obese, and 35 and over being very obese. Smoking behavior was analyzed by looking at a person's tobacco consumption level, number of years smoked, and current smoking status. Researchers then followed participants through December of 2002, noting the number of deaths that occurred. The study involved researchers from the National Cancer Institute, the University of Minnesota and the American Registry of Radiolegic Technologists. Key Findings: 20 percent of obese adults in the United States smoke. Obese smokers face a greater risk of death from cancer and circulatory disease. Current smoking is a greater risk factor for death by cancer than obesity is, generally speaking. The higher a person's pack-years (number of packs smoked per day times the number of years smoked) are, the greater the risk of death.www.zxxk.com Men and women of all ages faced an elevated risk of death due to circulatory disease as BMI increased. And for those who were both obese and currently smoking, risk of circulatory disease increased 6 to 11 times under the age of 65, as compared to their never-smoking, normal weight counterparts. While it's not surprising that obesity coupled with smoking is a recipe for trouble, it is important to highlight this growing health concern in America today. Taking Charge of Your Health Making healthy choices can be difficult when we're constantly exposed to products that are dangerous to our health, but it's not impossible. With education and some motivation, we all have the ability to make lasting changes for the better. If you're an overweight smoker worried about gaining weight due to quitting, take heart. It's never too late to change your course and even reduce damage to some extent. \n Answer: A TV station",
            "output": [
                "60. What is the American Journal of Preventive Medicine?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73da1ec17dcc4a13beb072de2df5df00",
            "input": "Article: Swimming in the water of Hawaii's Big Island is a fun experience. But it can be more exciting if there are dolphins swimming around and jumping out of the sea too. For many people, it would be a wonderful dream to swim with these lovely animals! However, this may not be good for dolphins. They may get hurt because of human interaction  . Dolphins are active and usually look for food at night. In the day, they like to rest in shallow bays . Many people think the dolphins are awake during the day as they swim. But when they sleep they rest half of their brain and keep the other half awake to breathe, so they may be sleeping even when they're swimming in the water. From 2010 to 2013, spinner dolphins   of Hawaii's Big Island were exposed to human activities more than 82 percent of the time, according to Julian Tyne, a researcher at Australia's Murdoch University. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says disturbing the animals in their near-shore habitat could force them to swim to less favorable places, putting them at risk of attack by sharks and other animals.  Besides, when people are around, dolphins become more active. Thus, they can't get enough sleep. \"Disturbing their resting behaviors can actually affect their long term health and the health of the dolphin population,\" Ann Garrett of NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service told the Associated Press. As a result, the NOAA wants to make rules to help protect the dolphins. For example, the agency   may ban swimming with the Hawaii spinner dolphins. Or they may stop people from swimming in shallow bays when the dolphins are resting. Tour operators must also be taught to watch for signs to know when the dolphins are in their resting state. \n Answer: They spend most of their time sleeping at night.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about dolphins is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f6ac5499c5114f2b8f2b09f23f6247a8",
            "input": "Article: Drawing is a universal language. It was probably our first form of self-expression when we were babies: long before we start writing, we're painting and scribbling , both in order to make sense of the world and because we enjoy it.    In the history of human culture, too, painting and image making came before writing or even simple mathematics: 30,000 years ago compared to 5,000. Yet after we leave school most of us never pick up a pencil again--willingly. If asked to draw something, most adults and many older children will shake their heads and say, \" Not me! I can't draw. I'm hopeless at it.\"    When you think about it, this is very strange. Drawing involves coordinating  the hand and the eye with the pencil. It's a basic skill, no more difficult to learn than other amazing things that humans do, such as hitting a tennis ball over the net or writing our own name. there's no special talent involved. Anybody who can learn to write can learn to draw.    So, there you are - no excuse not to get out your pencil, pencil sharpener and rubber and take part in the Big Draw, a nationwide series of free art events taking place all over Britain next October. Everyone's welcome: all you need is a willingness to express yourself through drawing.    The Big Draw, now in its fifth year, has already achieved two world records: one for the longest drawing in the world (1km) and the other for the greatest number of people drawing at the same time (7,000). This year, there will be an attempt to create a new Guinness World Record for the longest visitors'book: people will be invited to leave their name and a drawing on a three-kilometer piece of paper.    The theme this year is Inside\\Outside--People, Structure( ) and Spaces, and other events planned include drawing on a three-kilometer piece of paper.    The Big Draw is not about turning the nation into artists, it is about helping people to acquire this universal language of communication. Its greatest achievement next October will be to bring hundreds of thousands of people together to look, imagine, draw and have fun. \n Answer: To call on people to join a cultural event.",
            "output": [
                "What is the writer's main purpose in this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-77cc5428aab14e35ae63c33878d5a72f",
            "input": "Article: A developer edition of Sony's augmented reality smart glasses will go on sale in ten countries next month, the tech giant has announced. Pre-orders for the SmartEyeglass, costing $840 (PS620), are now being taken in the UK and Germany, with Japan and the US to follow shortly. The black-framed glasses are compatible   with recent Android operating systems. Last month Google announced that it was withdrawing its smart glasses for redevelopment. Sony's initial model will come with a software development kit to encourage people to design apps for it, the company said. The glasses, which weigh 77g, contain an accelerometer, gyroscope, compass, image and brightness sensors, 3-megapixel camera and a microphone. They also come with a controller, designed to be attached to clothing, which contains a speaker, touch sensor and the device's battery. Text is displayed in front of the wearer in monochrome green. Apple chief executive Tim Cook has been open about his dislike of glasses as a wearable device. \"We always thought that glasses were not a smart move, from a point of view that people would not really want to wear them,\" he told the New Yorker. \"They were intrusive  , instead of pushing technology to the background, as we've always believed.\" Stuart Miles, founder of tech site Pocket-lint, said: \"I think [Sony is] wasting their time, energy and effort.\" \"Google Glass obviously needed a complete rethink... I can't see how something thick-rimmed and more invasive-looking than Google Glass is going to catch on. \"People are keen on wearables like fitness bands and watches, but they care about their faces. Wearing something on your head is a lot stronger than wearing something on your arm,\" he added. \"The industry keeps pushing it but consumers just don't want it.\" \n Answer: Germany and the UK.",
            "output": [
                "In which countries people can get the SmartEyeglass first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9fb4166cc35413086e261e0e41494ae",
            "input": "Article: When two Bangs meet Sheldon Cooper is a scientific genius on the popular American TV show, The Big Bang Theory (<<>> ). He finally met his match last year: Stephen Hawking. This is not the first time that the scientist has appeared on TV. He has also been on Star Trek (in 1987) and The Simpsons (in 1989). Each time, he played himself. Hawking, 71, is perhaps the world's most famous scientist after Albert Einstein. He has spent his whole life studying the beginning and the end of the universe, including the Big Bang   theory. The Big Bang theory explains the early development of the universe. According to the theory, about 13.7 billion years ago everything was all squeezed  together in a tiny, tight little ball, and then the ball exploded. The results of that explosion are what we call the universe. Hawking has always tried to make science more popular with people. His book: A Brief History of Time was published in 1988. In the book he shares his understanding of the universe in simple language. The book tries to explain many subjects about the universe to common readers, including the Big Bang, black holes and light cones  . Hawking's achievements are even greater if you think about his disability. When he was 21, Hawking caught a bad illness that slowly stopped him from moving or talking. Now he sits on a wheelchair with a computer by his side. To communicate, he moves two fingers to control the computer's mouse. He chooses his words from the screen, which are then spoken by a voice synthesizer  . Hawking also believes that there might be aliens in space. However, he believes they are probably very dangerous, so we should not look for them. \"I imagine they might exist in very big ships ... having used up all the resources from their home planet,\" Hawking said in a British documentary  named Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking. \n Answer: The scientific genius on TV show and the one alive in real life.",
            "output": [
                "What does the \"two Bangs\" in the title refer to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-944b2d85abf04e56b0aece23679fcc27",
            "input": "Article: In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous  people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony  of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of \"lawlessness\" in the world. The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman form Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne. \"I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,\" says Gin. \"I've been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don't see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.\" \"I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,\" continues Gin. \"I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.\" His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with _ not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide. \n Answer: They seldom follow the French law.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-63fec34c2f2342f0ae8ab7f56bb1cddd",
            "input": "Article: The financial crisis is reminding Americans of a lesson they first learned in childhood: Share and share alike. They are sharing or swapping tools and books, cars and handbags, time and talent. The renewed desire to share shows up in a variety of examples: A car-sharing service has had a 70 percent membership increase since the crisis occurred. Some companies encouraged his employees to take vanpooling. Governments are putting bikes on the street for public use. How-to-swap Web sites are increasing quickly. The economy reflects the way Americans have cut back, especially on daily items: Department store sales dropped 1.3 percent in June. People are not buying cars, and as a result, auto sales dropped 27.7 percent last month. They are not paying others to do what they can do themselves -- Home Depot reports increased attendance at in-store do-it-yourself clinics. And although paint sales are down in general, according to Sherwin-Williams, individual consumers are still buying. When Tom Burdett needed to cut some tiles at his home outside Annapolis, he refused to buy expensive tools. So he asked his neighbors and friends for help. Sure enough, someone had just what he needed. And when that friend needed help fixing a satellite dish, Burdett volunteered to help. The sharing mind-set is not new to the American culture, but many Americans give it up when the nation changed from an agricultural society to an industrial one, said Rosemary Hornak, a psychology professor at Meredith College in Raleigh, N.C. They moved farther from their families and did not have time to connect with new neighbors because they worked so much, she said. Neighborhood conversations tell more of the story as the movement grows organically   in communities across the Washington region and the nation. On one street in Arlington, for example, neighbors are collecting their separate money for mulch   and dividing it among themselves. \n Answer: Sharing in the financial crisis.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f0b27e57f46f4f339331b63e6aa89dd9",
            "input": "Article: Climate change will increase U.S wildfires, and the smoky air will cause terrible problems in areas far beyond those burned, reports an environmental group Thursday.      Two-thirds of Americans, or nearly 212 million, lived in states suffering from wildfire smoke three years ago, according to the report by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). These areas, which had smoke for at least a week, were nearly 50 times greater than those burned directly by fire. \" It affects a much wider area of the United States than people have realized, \" says author Kim Knowlton, a Columbia University health professor, adding the smoke can move up to hundreds of miles. She says the smoke contains air pollution and can cause several kinds of disease. Texas was hit hardest in 2011, when smoke stayed for at least a week in areas that are home to 25 million people, according to NRDC's report. Illinois, which recorded no wildfires within its borders( ) ,ranked ( ) second with nearly 12 million people affected by smoke that moved in from elsewhere. The other eight states with the most people exposed ( ) to smoky air were, in descending ( ) order: Florida, Missouri, Georgia, Louisiana, Michigan, Alabama, Oklahoma and Iowa. Nearly two dozen states had no wildfires within their borders in 2011, but eight of them still had at least one week of smoky air: Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Indiana, Wisconsin and Ohio. Only 18 states and the District of Columbia had no people exposed to at least a week of smoke that year, although five of them----Alaska, California, Hawaii, Nevada and Utah---had a large area burned by wildfires. The problem will only get worse, Knowlton say. Scientific research shows climate is causing higher temperatures and health problems. \n Answer: California.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following states had wildfires within its borders?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-092406ceca35403f8581fd49cf21f943",
            "input": "Article: No matter how well you understand a foreign language, misunderstanding still exists between native speakers and you. Here is such an example. Three young Frenchmen were travelling in Britain. Though they had taken a few English lessons before their holiday, they were often in trouble because of their misunderstanding of English. One day they talked about their misfortunes   together. The first Frenchman said, \"I once heard someone shout 'Look out', I put my head out of a window and a bucket   of water fell on me.\" The second Frenchman said, \"I was once in a ship and heard the captain shouted, 'All hands on decks  ' I put my hands on the deck and someone walked on them.\" The third Frenchman said, \"I once called early on an English friend and the maid   who came to the door said, 'He's not up yet' When I went again for him, she said, 'He's not down yet'. I said, 'If he's not up and he's not down, where is he?' She said, 'He's still upstairs now. When I told you he was not up I meant he had not got up yet, so he has not come downstairs by now' \" \n Answer: Misunderstanding of English",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-25fd3d9b18ae4d9d9d39106fa522788c",
            "input": "Article: Stephen Hawking, one of the world's smartest physicists, once said: \"I'm obsessed by time.\"Many of us are, and the popularity of time travel TV series has just proved that. After Palace and Startling by Each Step <<>> achieved startling ratings last year, Palace 2 aired on January 20, attracting time travel fans back to TV.\"It's fun to watch characters travel back in time and deal with the conflicts between modernity and ancient times,\" Xia Xiaoyan, who works for a foreign-owned enterprise in Shanghai, told China Daily. \"Time travel series connect both today and the past, thus offering room for imagination,\" said Cai Yinong, the producer of Startling by Each Step. \"I'm _ by the shows because they are characterized by dramatic and poetic love and have eye-pleasing actors,\" Xia explained her love for time travel TV series.Her comment echoes a 2011 survey by Great Marketing Research Co Ltd in China. When asked about what's so appealing about time travel TV series, 21 percent of respondents answered: \"Those attractive characters.\" A bigger reason behind the popularity of time travel stories, however, is the relaxation they offer, according to the survey.Cai Yinong agrees. \"Many people are facing tremendous pressures in their fast-paced lives, so this genre is more relaxing than other shows as it provides people with a terrific outlet to escape reality,\" Cai told China Daily. The love for time traveling is universal.Woody Allen's latest movie Midnight in Paris, which has been nominated for Best Picture, Directing, Original Screenplay and Art Direction for the 2012 Academy Awards, features modernity versus cultural nostalgia. \n Answer: Time travel wins fans",
            "output": [
                "Which might be the best title for this passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f640f439d0742e69a5aba2e21d41d15",
            "input": "Article: Despite knowing he was dying, Steve Jobs, former CEO of Apple, worked for more than a year to make plans for four years of new products that he believed would maintain the company's future.    It was also revealed that Jobs fought hard to get plans approved for a spaceship-style company headquarters in California. It will be big enough to hold 12,000 employees in a park-like setting near the existing base in Cupertino, the global headquarters of Apple. He appeared at a town council meeting in June to promote the planning.               He was also overseeing   the development of the delayed iCloud project, which will allow Apple users to store their music, photos and other documents remotely, and designing updated versions of the iPod, iPad, iPhone and MacBooks, ensuring that at least four years' worth of products will go smoothly.               Pre-order sales of the first official biography of Steve Jobs have increased by 44,000 percent. According to the official description, the book, out on October 24, 2011, is based on more than 40 interviews with Jobs conducted over two years - as well as interviews with more than a hundred family members, friends, competitors and colleagues. Steve Jobs died on October 5, 2011, aged 56, following a long battle with cancer. Jobs is survived by a wife, a son and two daughters. With his passing being confirmed, world leaders, the most famous technology bosses and thousands of fans throughout the world all paid tribute   in their way to the life of the man they honored as a hero. \n Answer: What Steve Jobs did for his company before he died.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a7af32ba1a5f41c1a89fe788570df5d6",
            "input": "Article: Statistics show that every year, about 4 million students fail to pass the national college entrance exam. However, as China recently publicized students' scores for this year's college entrance exam, it seems that schools, parents and society at large give more attention to students who succeed in the exam, few people care about those who fail, the China Education Daily reported. Some students, after failing the exam, cannot get a timely support from their parents or teachers and begin to display some serious mental problems. How to help these students to get rid of the shadow on their mind has become a problem to be taken seriously. First, students' friends, parents and relatives should offer their sympathy and care to them in order to comfort their heart. At this time, parents should not blame students for their failure, otherwise they might bear more psychological   burden. Secondly, teachers and the whole society should also offer more support to students who fail the exam. Lastly, students themselves should also try to overcome their depressions and adjust their mood. The newspaper urges the general public to offer their care, trust and support to these students. It also expects that students can face their failure bravely and try to start a new life happily. \n Answer: Students who failed the college entrance exam may suffer from some mental problems.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a870d43215604ddf85d648d525ef50c4",
            "input": "Article: In high school, \"cool\" is the rule, so teenagers will do anything to avoid possibly embarrassing situations. But not Samantha Elton, 15. She seeks them out. And if she can make a fool of herself as in the process, well, that's even better. For the past two years, Elton, has been a practitioner of improvisation, doing things that others would be embarrassed to consider. Elton is a member of High School Jesters, a group that teaches improvisation techniques to students. The group was founded two years ago by Nicholas Kopatich, himself a keen improviser. \"I was sitting in my dorm room and some friends were having chats about comedy and improvisation,\" Kopatich recalls. They asked for lessons after Kopatich told them he had improvisation experience. The small group turned out to be pretty good at it, so they did a show for the dorm. And things snowballed. While even her mother marvels at Elton's ability to get up in front of audience without a script to fall back on, the teen enjoys such opportunities. Performing improvisation comes with a certain freedom that theater doesn't provide. \"What I like about it the most is that I don't have to be a certain character or a certain way, and because of that I can't get anything wrong,\" Elton says, \"I get to write the story while I'm doing it.\" Monica Elton, Samantha's mom, thinks the workshops are a valuable outlet that a lot of students may not get in their schools. High school kids don't usually like to act silly or look uncool, she says, but improvisation teaches them that it's OK to have flaws. \"I like to think we give kids positively that allows them to gain confidence,\" says Brent Mukai, a High School Jesters instructor. The great thing about improvisation is that it is an art form that is open to anyone. But there's more to it than getting up in front of audience and telling jokes or acting silly. \"You don't need to be the most amazing actress to be an improviser,\" Samantha Elton says, \"It's really a place where I can show people my creativity. I can paint pictures for people and entertain others.\" It's really free. \n Answer: Performers develop the story as they are playing.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about improvisation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f377ce6ebc6e4abbb388253b04e1a93e",
            "input": "Article: The following is the story of a SARS patient named Wang and his fight with the disease. I woke up around 6 : 30 this morning, on my ninth day in hospital since I caught SARS. Glancing over at my roommate, Xiao Huang, a 27-year-old employee of a Beijing software company, I saw he was also awake. After a light breakfast, a nurse came in and took my temperature. It was 36.6 centigrade. We're at Changxindian Hospital in southwestern Beijing, a newly named SARS patient hospital. It seems I am now recovering as my fever has gone down in recent days. When I first got the disease , I spent four days with a temperature above 39.5 centigrade--at one point it reached 40. 1 centigrade. At 8 : 30 am, a nurse took a blood sample and X-ray of my chest. Then my daily treatment began with the help of the experts from Guangdong and WHO. Before the first bottle finished, my wife rang me. I talked with her on my mobile phone. It has become a major connection with the outside world. Several friends also called me in the morning. I am feeling great these days--no fever, no headache and no pain in the chest, which are all symptoms of SARS. My slight cough is gone since I began taking a new round of medicines yesterday. The doctor told me that I may be set free from hospital in two weeks and a half. \n Answer: In the southwest of Beijing.",
            "output": [
                "Where is the hospital the writer stays at?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-77bab412a628476ab7192b723f9efa3c",
            "input": "Article: For centuries, medical pioneers have refined a variety of methods and medicines to treat sickness, injury, and disability, enabling people to live longer and healthier lives. \"A salamander (a small lizard-like animal) can grow back its leg. Why can't a human do the same?\" asked Peruvian-born surgeon Dr. Anthony Atala in a recent interview. The question, a reference to work aiming to grow new limbs for wounded soldiers, captures the inventive spirit of regenerative medicine. This innovative field seeks to provide patients with replacement body parts. These parts are not made of steel; they are the real things --- living cells, tissue, and even organs. Regenerative medicine is still mostly experimental, with clinical applications limited to procedures such as growing sheets of skin on burns and wounds. One of its most significant advances took place in 1999,when a research group at North Carolina's Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine conducted a successful organ replacement with a laboratory-grown bladder. Since then, the team, led by Dr. Atala, has continued to generate a variety of other tissues and organs  from kidneys to ears. The field of regenerative medicine builds on work conducted in the early twentieth century with the first successful transplants of donated human soft tissue and bone. However, donor organs are not always the best option. First of all, they are in short supply, and many people die while waiting for an available organ; in the United States alone, more than 100,000 people are waiting for organ transplants. Secondly, a patient's body may ultimately reject the transplanted donor organ. An advantage of regenerative medicine is that the tissues are grown from a patient's own cells and will not be rejected by the body's immune system. Today, several labs are working to create bioartificial body parts. Scientists at Columbia and Yale Universities have grown a jawbone and a lung. At the University of Minnesota, Doris Taylor has created a beating bioartificial rat heart. Dr. Atala's medical team has reported long-term success with bioengineered bladders implanted into young patients with spina bifida (a birth defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord). And at the University of Michigan, H. David Humes has created an artificial kidney. So far, the kidney procedure has only been used successfully with sheep, but there is hope that one day similar kidney will be implantable in a human patient. The continuing research of scientists such as these may eventually make donor organs unnecessary and, as a result, significantly increase individuals' chances of survival. \n Answer: Cells, tissues and organs made of steel.",
            "output": [
                "In the latest field of regenerative medicine, what are replacement parts made of?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1f4d986ddc80406aaf221013e0280f1a",
            "input": "Article: In fine department stores everywhere, you'll see the light-blue boxes of Estee Lauder. These popular cosmetics   are sold in more than 130 countries. Who's the woman behind this worldwide cosmetics empire  ? Estee Lauder herself, of course. This businesswoman became, for a time, the world's richest self-made woman. Her secret? \"I didn't get there by dreaming about it,\" she would say. \"I got there by doing it.\" Estee was born in the early 1900s in Queens, New York. Her father ran a hardware   store, and from him Estee learned how to be a successful salesperson. Estee learned from her uncle John Schotz, too. He made creams in a small laboratory behind the family's house. Estee watched him. Soon, she was experimenting with her own cosmetics. She put lipstick   and creams on any female relative who'd let her, until her annoyed father told her to stop. She married Joseph H. Lauder in 1930, and continued her experiments. She would cook dinner for the family, and at the same time, make her face creams. Then she began to sell her products in a Manhattan beauty shop. In 1960, Estee began to sell her products in Europe. After many tries she succeeded and began selling her products in some stores in London. But France proved even more difficult. The store Galleries Lafayette refused to sell her products. So Estee \"by accident\" dropped a bottle of youth dew   on the floor in the cosmetics department. As the _ spread around the store, customers came over and asked to buy it. The store soon began selling Estee's products. Estee led her company until 1982, when her son Leonard took over the business. Until her health worsened in the mid-1990s, she continued to attend the opening of a new store wherever in the world. She died on April 24, 2004. Estee Lauder's talent as a saleswoman was extraordinary. Her son Leonard said, \"There was never anyone who could sell like she could.\" All who worked for Estee appreciated her special talent. \n Answer: A founder of a cosmetics company in America.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can best describe Estee Lauder?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6da152e8d6394f038d4fd6f2adcd405d",
            "input": "Article: Step into an American preschool classroom today and you are likely to fall into a so-called print-rich environment,every surface colorfully decorated with instructional posters,classroom  rules,chedules,and  mottos,few of which a 4-year-old can understand in fact. Besides the confusing things on classroom walls,teaching methods and curriculums have changed recently,by which more time is spent on what's called \"seat work\"workbooks and worksheets--but less time devoted to music and art.School--readiness skills are essential for the youngest learners to move on to a subsequent stage. As a result, expectations that may arguably have been reasonable for 5-and 6-year-olds, such as bemg able to sit at a desk and using pencil and paper,are now directed at even younger children, who lack the motor skills and attention span to be successful. However,parents of preschoolers tend to _ these changes,because they fear that the old--fashioned pleasures of unhurried learning have no place in today's highly competitive world.The stress is obvious:Pick the \"wrong\" preschool and your child might not go to college.She might not be employable. She might not even be allowed to start first grade! As preschoolers are learning so much academic knowledge at earlier ages,they seem somehow less curious and less engaged.Some teachers say that more children today seem to lack the language skills.The real focus in the preschool years should not be just on vocabularv and reading,but on talking and listening.By talking with adults, and one another,they pick up information,learn how things work and solve puzzles that trouble them.For our littlest learners,what could be more important than that? \n Answer: 3-and 4-year-olds shouldn't be expected too much in school readiness skills.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the statements does the author probably agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df65e2c8ec704b45b73723ac174c6457",
            "input": "Article: Halloween is the one night of the year where being scared is supposed to be good fun. However, amid all the harmless activities like trick-or-treating, sometimes genuinely frightening and disturbing things can happen. October 31 has been the date of some horrific murders and unexplained disappearances, which are far more terrifying than any ghosts, goblins, or witches. Because they happened to take place on Halloween, the following mysteries have an extra aura of creepiness to them, and they remain unsolved to this day. 1 Hyun Jong was a 21-year-old South Korean student attending Pennsylvania State University. In 2001, after leaving the Halloween party in a club, she was dropped off at her apartment by her friends at 4:00 AM. This was the last anyone ever saw of her. A search was conducted of her apartment. There was no sign of any struggle, but many of her belongings were there, indicating that she had gone inside after being dropped off. But what happened to her afterward? Although some evidence indicated her death, her body has never been found. 2 On Halloween night in 1977, the parents of 19-month-old Nima Louise Carter placed their child inside her crib. The next morning, Nima's parents were shocked to discover that she was missing. Since the windows were locked, it's theorized that someone must have been hiding in the closet and took the child out of the house while her parents were asleep. The police took it as child abduction. A month later, a group of kids were playing in an abandoned house four blocks away. When they opened up the house's refrigerator, they received a horrifying shock when the body of an infant came tumbling out. The child was identified as Nima Louise Carter, who died of suffocation . 3 Chris Jenkins was a 21-year-old student who visited a bar on Halloween night in 2002. After leaving the bar around midnight, Chris disappeared without a trace. He remained a missing person for four months until his body was discovered in the Mississippi River. Since Chris was still wearing his Halloween costume, all indications were that he died shortly after he disappeared. Since his cause of death was determined to be drowning, authorities initially  believed it was an accident or suicide. His parents refused to believe _ and appealed for a more careful investigation. Finally, in 2006, the death was reclassified as a murder case. 4 Sometime during the early morning Halloween hours of 1981, a Manhattan couple named Ronald Sisman and Elizabeth Platzman were murdered in their apartment. The couple was severely beaten before being shot in the head, execution-style, and the apartment was in a complete mess. Sisman was rumored to be involved in drugs, so authorities initially believed that to be the motive for the killings. However, the case took a turn when a prisoner claimed that one of his fellow inmates  had somehow predicted the crime weeks before it actually happened. The police then questioned the inmate, yet no insightful information was brought out. \n Answer: Sisman Platzman",
            "output": [
                "Whose body was found inside a fridge?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3d991d67a3ac4e8bb071eac1d171f3a7",
            "input": "Article: (Reuters)--A Malaysia Airlines flight carrying 227 passengers and 12 crew was presumed to have crashed off the Vietnamese coast on Saturday, and European officials said two people on board were using false identities. There were no reports of bad weather and no sign of why the Boeing 777-200ER would have vanished from radar screens about an hour after it took off from Kuala Lumpur for Beijing. \"We are not ruling out any possibilities,\" Malaysia Airlines CEO Ahmad Jauhari Yahya told a news conference. By the early hours of Sunday, there were no confirmed signs of the plane or any wreckage, well over 24 hours after it went missing. Operations will continue through the night, officials said. There were no indications of sabotage   nor claims of an attack. But the passenger list issued by the airline included the names of two Europeans--Austrian Christian Kozel and Italian Luigi Maraldi--who, according to their foreign ministries, were not in fact on the plane. A foreign ministry spokesman in Vienna said: \"Our embassy got the information that there was an Austrian on board. That was the passenger list from Malaysia Airlines. Our system came back with a note that this is a stolen passport.\" Austrian police had found the man safe at home. The passport was stolen two years ago while he was travelling in Thailand, the spokesman said. The foreign ministry in Rome said no Italian was on the plane either, despite the inclusion of Maraldi's name on the list. His mother, Renata Lucchi, told Reuters his passport was lost, presumed stolen, in Thailand in 2013. U.S. and European security officials said that there was no proof of any terrorist link and there could be other explanations for the use of stolen passports. \n Answer: Uncertain.",
            "output": [
                "What was Ahmad Jauhari Yahya's attitude?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2ce79ca3735470eb078dc6ca3656c7b",
            "input": "Article: I was born in Brooklyn. My father was a small-business man and we never had much money. He supported the family, moved us to Merrick on Long Island, when I was 11. He just recently died at age 96. He was still driving and playing golf right to the end. He was the only guy I knew who at age 90 could shoot under his age. I guess that taught me something about perseverance.  I went to the University of Michigan as an engineering student in 1960. I was standing outside the student union building when Senator John F. Kennedy made a campaign speech that essentially announced his plan for the Peace Corps. He talked about how students could provide service for the country. It was an important moment for me.  After I graduated, I worked as a computer programmer for I.B.M. for two years. By then, the Vietnam War was in full swing and the draft  had accelerated. I didn't agree with the war and was interested in finding alternatives. I.B.M. applied for a delay for me twice but the application failed.  I went to work at M.I.T.'s Instrumentation Labs on a project designed to create a rescue vehicle for lost submarines . I thought this job would keep me out of the draft, but M.I.T. hadn't put in the proper paperwork and I got called in for my physical. The day before my physical, I broke my ankle playing tennis and, of course, my draft board didn't believe a word of it. I had to provide X-rays. I had tears in my eyes from the pain, but a smile on my face.  I started John Snow Inc. in 1978 (Dr. Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology because he traced the source of a cholera epidemic in the 1850s). We had a very clear vision of what we would be. It would not be about making the most money but having the most impact.  My goal was to attract talented people who had that passion to focus on primary care, women's health, child health, and to do great work. I also run a nonprofit called World Education, which focuses on literacy. What motivates me is going to the field, either in the United States or overseas, and seeing the people whose lives we affect.  I didn't grow up rich but had the advantage of growing up in the United States and getting a good education. I couldn't have started J.S.I. in many other places. And I believe there is a duty to try and assist people who are struggling against tough situations. \n Answer: Kennedy's speech about his plan for the Peace Corps.",
            "output": [
                "What kept the author trying to achieve his goal?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-088bd8a8d395437188f07e4a06e62914",
            "input": "Article: Up to 90% of school leavers in major Asian cities are suffering from myopia ---short-sightedness, a study suggests. Researchers say the \"extraordinary rise\" in the problem is being caused by students working very hard in school and missing out on outdoor light. Eye experts say that you are short-sighted if your vision is blurred  beyond 2m. It is often caused by an elongation  of the eyeball that happens when people are young. According to the research, the problem is being caused by a combination of factors - a commitment to education and lack of outdoor light. Professor Morgan who led this study argues that many children in South East Asia spend long hours studying at school and doing their homework. This in itself puts pressure on the eyes, but exposure to between two and three hours of daylight helps maintain healthy eyes. Cultural factors also seem to play a part. Across many parts of South East Asia, children often have a lunchtime nap. According to Professor Morgan they are missing out on natural light to prevent short-sightedness. A big concern is the numbers of the students suffering from \"high\" myopia. One in five of these students could experience severe visual impairment  and even blindness. These people are at considerable risk--sometimes people are not told about it and are just given more powerful glasses--they need to be warned about the risk and given some self-testing measures so they can get to an ophthalmologist and get some help. For decades, researchers believed there was a strong genetic component to the condition. But this study strongly suggests an alternative view. \"Any type of simple genetic explanation just doesn't fit with that speed of change; gene pools just don't change in two generations. Whether it's a purely environmental effect or an environmental effect playing a sensitive genome, it really doesn't matter, the thing that's changed is not the gene pool---it's the environment.\" \n Answer: Lack of research into the problem.",
            "output": [
                "As is mentioned above, which factor mainly results in students' myopia in South East Asia?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bebbbb941db2484faf723d68d01e0866",
            "input": "Article: Charlie Chaplin was born on April 16, 1889 in London. Both his father and mother were entertainers and although not of big names, they were doing very well. While the family was by no means rich, the music hall provided the Chaplins with a comfortable living. Unfortunately happy life didn't last long. Father's alcoholism was slowly, but surely destroying his marriage. Finally it ended in divorce. His mother managed to keep Charlie and his brother Syney clean and warm, clothed and fed. She would sit at the window watching the passers-by and guess at their characters from the way they looked and behaved, making up tales to delight Charlie and Syney. Charlie took in her skills and went on using them all his life. Charlie had always believed, even in the worst times, that he had something special locked away inside him. He took his courage and went to one of the top theater agents. With no experience at all, he was offered a plum part   in a new production of \"Sherlock Holmes\", which opened on July 27, 1903 at the famous \"Pavilion Theatre\". Charlie seemed to change overnight. It was as if he had found the thing he was meant to do. By 1910, Charlie had become \"one of the best pantomime   artists ever seen \". Cinema was born in the same year as Charlie thought people still believed it was a passing fashion, and would never replace live shows. But after using several weeks to watch and to learn, he was determined to master this new medium. It offered him the chance of money and success--and it would set him free from the _ of live audience. Charlie's first film, released in February 1914, was called \"Making a living\". After that he made another ten. The public loved him and producers were demanding more and more Chaplin films. In an incredibly short time, Charlie had become a very important man in motion picture. \n Answer: \"Sherlock Holmes\" made Charlie rise to fame overnight.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true about Charlie Chaplin?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-696b6ab20d6348ac9750895eb51700f4",
            "input": "Article: Spoiled for choice? That's likely how you'll feel after a mere day in Athens. The secret is in not trying to do everything. Instead, take in a couple of the tourist highlights and then get a feel for this attractive capital. An ancient sight The Acropolis   always comes out at the top of the list of things to see in Athens. The most famous of the western world's ancient sights continue to impress tourists as they climb the marble steps and stand before the graceful Parthenon. Views from up here are amazing. A slow wander Plaka is the city's oldest neighborhood, resting on the slopes of the Acropolis with cafs and fascinating architecture. The streets are perfect for getting lost in, giving wanderers the chance to discover cafs and bars where they can down some strong coffee among locals. Plaka is at its best in the early evening. Acropolis House Pension is a preserved 19thcentury house that gives guests a glimpse into a Greek home. A market scene Varvakios Agora is Athens' central market. Locals come here to shop and look for everything needed in a Greek kitchen -- from olive oil to meat. This is a look at local life as well as a window into Greek cuisine. The meat market is also home to some of the city's best pubs, feeding traditional food to crowds of customers from all walks of society. A splash of nightlife Athenian nights are filled with music, dancing and dining. Perivoli Tou Ouranou is a club with a strong atmosphere. Filled with the sounds of violins and guitars pelting out traditional blueslike music, it's sad but also beautiful and lively. \n Answer: 22:00.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best time to visit Plaka?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-58c76486f0dc421f9eb440a50d985146",
            "input": "Article: When people introduce themselves,I always hear them say\"I'm just a housewife.\"I don't understand why their introduction is always filled with regret and self-pity.Is it,really a crime to be a housewife?Is it really embarrassing when you choose not to work outside and instead choose to work in your home? How could you be\"just a housewife\"when the basic social unit of society depends on you and your service?A housewife works for the longest hour,supporting your husband,child studies,caring for elders,managing finances,paying bills,grocery shopping,cooking according to individual taste,cleaning,etc.A housewife could be anyone:daughter,wife,mother,teacher,financial advisor,fashion designer and nurse,gardener,driver,cook,and so on.Don't think you are not being paid for it.You get the reward that no money can offer----the love and affection of your family,their trust in you,a happy home and your own satisfaction. It is you who choose to be in this occupation,willingly or for any other reason.After a busy day,all wait to return to the comfortable home set by you.They know you will be there to absorb all their stress and tiredness and relax them.Would the life have been the same had you been working outside to earn some money?Would you along with your family have been able to buy all the content in life that you are enjoying now with that money? Respect yourself for what you are.Introduce yourself to the world with the same dignity.The world understands the importance of your job; it's time to make them accept it.Introduce yourself with pride and with twinkle in your eyes\"I am a housewife\".Kick that\"just\"out. \n Answer: Anxious.",
            "output": [
                "How do people feel when they say\"I'm just a housewife\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dcc37d4a3d4e494482e18db4f05fa340",
            "input": "Article: Mark Twain's works are enjoyed worldwide. His real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he was born on November 30th, 1835, in the village of Florida, Monroe County, Missouri. After his father's death in 1847, Twain was apprenticed  to a printer and wrote for his brother's newspaper. Later, Twain worked as a licensed Mississippi riverboat pilot, adopting his name from the call ('Mark twain!'--meaning by the mark of two fathoms) used when sounding river shallows. After the Civil War, Clemens brought an end to the steamboat traffic and moved to Virginia City. On February 3, 1863, 'Mark Twain' was born when he signed a humorous travel account with his new name. In 1864, Twain went to San Francisco to work as a reporter. He traveled in France and Italy and his experience were recorded in 1869 in the Innocents Abroad, which brought him wide popularity, and made fun at both American and European prejudices and manners.  In 1870 he married Olivia Langdon. Together they relocated to Harford a year later. Meanwhile, Twain continued to lecture in the United States and England. Between 1876 and 1884 he published several masterpieces, including Tom Sawyer, the Prince and the Pauper, Life on the Mississippi, and Huckleberry Finn. In the 1890s, Twain lost most of his earnings in financial speculations and in the downhill of his own publishing firm. The death of his wife and his second daughter brought a sense of gloom in the author's later years, which is seen in writings and his autobiography. Twain died on April 21st, 1910. \n Answer: Life on the Mississippi",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following works made Mark Twain begin to be popular?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57384c44a8a14ded99dc1ecc7d36052b",
            "input": "Article: BEIJING - President Xi Jinping's visit to Russia has enhanced  bilateral strategic mutual trust  and support, and expanded practical cooperation between the two countries, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi told media on Sunday. Wang made the remarks while introducing to reporters travelling with the Chinese official delegation  the fruits of Xi's first foreign trip as China's new head of state, which had taken him to Russia, Tanzania, South Africa, and the Republic of the Congo. In Russia, Xi and the Russian president Putin had spent eight hours together in meetings and exchanges that could be characterized as frank, practical and congenial, Wang said, adding the two leaders reached important _ on strategic coordination and set the direction and outlined key sectors for future cooperation. The two countries have made it clear that they will support each other in promoting their respective development and national renewal, safeguarding core  interests, and independently choosing their own development paths and social and political systems, the foreign minister said. The two sides agreed that they will closely coordinate in international and regional affairs, uphold the principles of the UN Charter, and jointly promote democracy  in international relations, he said. China and Russia, during the visit, also promoted their practical cooperation. During the visit,32 cooperation agreements signed by the two sides are dubbed(...,...)as the \"contracts  of the century\" because they are enormous in value and cover a long period of time, he said. \"The energy cooperation covers such areas as petroleum, natural gas, nuclear power, electricity, coal and new sources of energy, and runs through the industry both of its up and down streams,\" he added. \n Answer: Xi Jinping's visit to Russian is a great success.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb0b2615faf54c0791d1728ca7857e1e",
            "input": "Article: High-tech gadget shows draw throngs of excited consumers each year in the United States, Japan, Europe and the Arabian peninsula. Though many people are already surrounded with all kinds of smart electronic devices, some always need one more -- better and smarter than the previous one. At electronic shows, visitors flock around the newest tablet computers, cameras, 3D television screens, even small robots, dreaming of taking one home. Consumers spend hours waiting in lines and spend hundreds of dollars to be among the first to get the latest smart phone. The modern world seems to _ shiny expensive objects that keep us connected, help us navigate, record our thoughts and memorable events, and even talk to us. So infatuated, we no longer merely \"own\" our gadgets -- we have relationships with them, according to clinical psychologist and life transition therapist Francine Lederer. \"It's a lot easier to have, right, a one-sided relationship with your computer, your phone, than it is with a live person. So that at the end of the day, you don't need to worry about somebody being angry with you, you don't need to worry about getting blamed for anything,\" she said. Magical devices Although having a thousand Facebook friends may be perceived as equivalent to having a thousand real, authentic friendships, Lederer said in reality it is not so. \"It comes down to a lot of the internal stuff. How we feel about ourselves, our own sense of self-esteem, our self-worth, a lot of those things,\" she said. But gadgets are magical. They fascinate us the same way we are intrigued by a magician's trick, said psychology professor at the University of the South Pacific, Robert Epstein. \"If you don't know how they're doing it, that's very fascinating and intriguing. But if they do it 10 times or 20 times or 100 times, it gets boring and you want something else. That's why magicians do not repeat the same trick over and over again,\" he said. Plugged in, isolated Epstein, former editor-in-chief of Psychology Today magazine, said he is concerned that gadgets will take on a life of their own. \"All we're seeing so far is a little bit of the so-called wearable technology that you might wear on your wrist or in your glasses, but we're moving very rapidly, whether the public knows it or not, toward real biological interfaces so that the gadgets will be built into us to some extent,\" he said. Lederer said the danger is that our dependence on electronic gadgets is increasingly being perceived as normal. \"I think our society in a way, and the media, often times normalizes the extent to which we use these gadgets and phones, but the reality is, it's really not healthy for us,\" she said. Scientists predict that gadgets with biological interfaces may be available within the next 20 years and, coupled with strong artificial intelligence, will be much smarter than today. \n Answer: Because they will not have burden with the gadgets.",
            "output": [
                "Why do people like to have relationships with gadgets?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d670b21a12354679933c78762ae4d276",
            "input": "Article: During my many contacts with people in China, I have been asked by two different people what I would recommend to them so that they could be happy. One of these people was my student and friend who began her question by saying I always appeared happy to her. She then asked how I could be this way and if I could teach her how to be happy all the time. The other inquiry was basically the same and came from the secretary of a company for which I was doing some work. The first one to ask was my student and in thinking about an answer I even explored in class the idea of optimism and pessimism, of people who feel the glass is always half full and those who think it is half empty. It was easy to show that different people react differently to the same situations and conditions but that didn't bring me much closer to understanding why. About two months later I was riding to the airport in a taxi with the company secretary who asked me the same question and it made me think. Why did both these ladies feel they needed help to become happy? Indeed, why did either of them think they were not happy? Why did they choose to ask this question of me? Why are some people generally happy while others are not? Certainly if someone is healthy, it might be expected that they are happy, and this is probably true. However, some people have money and health but have a miserable  _ that makes it difficult for them to have friends and meaningful relationships. Similarly, one would expect those who have little to complain about their fate and many do, but others are able to enjoy what they have and enjoy life. It seems the difference must lie within the people. What we may be looking at is acceptance of a personal set of circumstances and the contentment which flows from that. _ should not mean, however, that those people cannot wish for something better. If the difference between people who are happy and those who are not lies within the people themselves, can happiness be learned? I think there are things we can do, such as dreaming of the future, which can give us the sort of positive outlook which will generally make us happy people. \n Answer: Those who feel the glass is always half full are pessimistic.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-614cc0cf8c534fbf9d5c05acba84fe81",
            "input": "Article: Teenagers at one German school are learning how to achieve happiness alongside subjects like maths and languages. The class sit in a circle with their eyes shut and count from one to ten: one begins, the next voice comes from the far right, a third from the other side. The aim is to listen for an opportunity to shout the number without clashing  with another voice or leaving a pause. On the first try, most of the young Germans try to be first, while a few are too shy to join in. But by the fifth round, they develop a rhythm. The message: giving other people space but also confidently claiming your own space is a requirement for social well-being. While the game suggests a soft course for the less bright, the school says it is trying to make it affect even clever pupils. The Willy Hellpach School is the first in the nation to develop a happiness course, intended for 17-19-year-olds preparing for university-entrance exams. \"The course isn't there to make you happy,\" Ernst Fritz-Schubert, the school principal, warned the pupils who were taking the course, \"but rather to help you discover the ways to become happy.\" Cooking a meal together will be one of the class exercises, along with improving body language under the guidance of two professional actresses. \"In the first period, we had to each say something positive about another member of the class and about ourselves. No laughing at people or teasing,\" said Fanny, 17. The message: self-esteem  improves happiness too. The course is taught for three periods a week and will be graded as a part of overall assessment. Despite the happy subject, the pupils themselves insist it is no laughing matter. Max, 18, says he is happy when he finds people who share his interests. Janina, 18, says she needs to be fit to feel happy. \"We want to show how proper food or exercise can help in becoming happy,\" the principal said. He hopes other schools in Germany will copy the idea. The school has attracted national interest since it announced its new course. \n Answer: Laughing a Lot at School.",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-74b3857468354ad590feb6aa888c27c7",
            "input": "Article: She is only 12 years old but lives only with her younger sister. Her parents are far away from home, and she has to take care of her younger sister. She is He Can, a student at Anqing Jianzhen Middle School in Anhui, one of the \"stay-at home children\" in her town. To make money, these kids' parents go to big cities to find a job. Their children have to stay at home because they have to go to school. He Can's parents left home when she was only four. They only come back for the Spring Festival every year. Because she had to live with different relatives at different times, He Can went to eight different primary schools. \"I used to complain,\" she said. \"But later I understood my parents. They have to go away to make a better life for us.\" He Can said her frequently changing life also has a good side. \"When I went to a new school, I had to try to make friends,\" said He Can, \"I became outgoing. Now I'm not afraid of talking to people.\" He Can said her relatives were kind to her. They taught her how to cook and wash clothes. When she would start junior high school , her parents agreed to rent a house to let her live out with her sister. Every day, He Can gets up at 6:00 am and cooks breakfast. Then He Can does chores   and helps her sister take a shower. She usually goes to bed at 9:30 pm. Though busy, He Can is still a top student in her class. She said the secret is never to put things off until tomorrow. \" I think my life is OK,\" she said. \"But if possible, I would like my parents to settle down and live with us.\" \n Answer: Because their parents have to work in a big city.",
            "output": [
                "Why does He Can live only with her younger sister?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fa3295ce08874a56bdacf9dd5c10a031",
            "input": "Article: You have probably been told by your high school instructor that writing is an important and practical skill. However, you may not be convinced that the ability to write will be important in your own future. If so, you will be surprised at the results of a recent survey by the National Institute of Education. More than four thousand working men and women who had graduated fifteen years earlier were asked to name the courses they would have taken in college if they had known better. The designer of the survey expected people to name courses in computer science, mathematics, or business. But the course most often mentioned was writing. If you already have a job, you are probably not surprised at their answers. Many jobs require the ability to write. Despite the increasing use of the telephone and the computer, much information must be communicated in writing.Some ten million people--managers, engineers, sales representatives, and many others-- write regularly as part of their jobs. Summaries, reports, reports, letters and speeches are required in today's work world. The ability to write, therefore, is an important skill. The successful individual is almost always the one who can communicate successfully in writing. Writing communicates your thoughts and feelings to others; it also tells you something about yourself. Maybe this is what Eldridge Cleaver had in mind in his autobiography, \"I started to write... to save myself...I had to seek out the truth... I had to find out who I am and what I want to be ,what type of man I should be ,and what I could do to become the best of which I was capable.\" \n Answer: Because it shows your good quality.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author say writing is very important?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-79af8c4db93c4b57b83f66f10b177121",
            "input": "Article: When people hear that I'm the youngest person to row solo across the Atlantic Ocean, they all have the same question: How did a 22-year old woman row a 19-foot boat for 70 days through high winds and crashing waves? Well, the biggest difficulty for me wasn't physical. By the time I decided to do the ocean row, I had already biked 3,300 miles cross-country, run across the Mojave Desert, and swum the 325-mile length of the Allegheny River. No, the tough part would be mental: How would I handle the loneliness, the boredom of the vast sea? I set off on January 3, 2010. I set my sights on getting past the quarter-way mark, which would take about 20 days. Day 20, January 22, was gray and cloudy. _  I was suffering from terrible loneliness. I hadn't seen landing over two weeks. Every day was beginning to feel the same. Eating, rowing, sleeping, watch the sky, watch the ocean. Then, around sunset, I saw something move on the horizon. They were dolphins! They circled my boat. Suddenly I felt so grateful. They had come to help me celebrate, just when I needed them. I rowed at full strength for the next 20 minutes with the dolphins around. By the time we went our separate ways, I was no longer lonely. Better yet, I knew I would be okay. I did make it, all 2,817 miles. I hit the coast of Guyana, South America, on March 14, after 70 days and five hours at sea. My ocean row raised $70,000 for the Blue Planet Run Foundation, which funds drinking water programs around the world. I know some athletes spend the entire journey imagining the end, and that helps them get through. But for me, the secret is to focus on the moment, where you experience the personal growth -- those moments of awareness of being connected to the sun, the weather, and the waves. And, on the best day of my life, those dolphins, which freed myself from terrible loneliness. \n Answer: swimming the 325-mile length of the river",
            "output": [
                "Which is the step taken as part of preparation for the tough row?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-572fdf1bddee440d94b8d17770441ee4",
            "input": "Article: He seemed to appear from nowhere and became the hottest sports star in NBA, the United States, and in China. \"Linsanity,\" \"Lincredible,\" \"Linderella\" screamed the headlines around the world and his popularity increased worldwide. He is the star of the moment having scored 89, 109 and 136 points in his first three, four and five starts   in the big league, eclipsing   former NBA MVPs Allen Iverson, Shaquille O'Neal and Michael Jordan. He also made the cover of Time Magazine, something Kobe Bryant has never achieved. And it is not just his sporting achievements that are causing him a hit. His No 17 jersey is flying off the shelves in New York and online around the world. Some US media have even begun matchmaking possible girlfriends for the golden boy, with Emma Stone, Vanessa Hudgens and so on. Is Linsanity really that big? Despite all the hype  and glory, he is known as a modest and sometimes shy guy. Jeremy Lin is the NBA's first American-born player of Chinese descent. \n Answer: A golden boy from an important family",
            "output": [
                "Who is Jeremy Lin?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-60c66a8e41394bfd8c4614b8b9b37fe3",
            "input": "Article: \"I see you've got a bit of water on your coat,\" said the man at the petrol station. \"Is it raining out there?\"\"No, it's pretty nice,\" I replied, checking my sleeve. \"Oh, right. A pony  bit me earlier.\" As it happened, the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child. The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor, and perhaps thought I'd jumped in ahead of him. The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods, despite sighs asking them not to. By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area's annual pony drift . The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked, the baby ones can be stooped from feeding on their mother's milk, and those who've gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area. Some of them are also later sold, in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England. Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small near-disaster a few mils west of here. While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back. \"Hello!\" I said to him, assuming he was just rolling for fun, but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. I began to properly worry about him. Fortunately, I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor's Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo. The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony. The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again. Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies, who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area. Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable  future for one of Dartmoor's most financially-troubled elements. \n Answer: To prevent the ponies from fighting",
            "output": [
                "Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-50223e63ae81476e91cf9d751a0b9bb5",
            "input": "Article: The purpose of keeping fit is to avoid illness ,resist the mental and physical fatigue that make us more likely to contract infections ,and above all to feel more pleasure in being alive. Research has shown the value of a balanced diet ,fresh air, sunshine ,enough rest and some forms of regular exercise for everyone .If everyone followed this plan ,the number of people visiting the doctor and going to hospital would be considerably reduced. Unfortunately ,although most people acknowledge the importance of physical fitness ,not enough of us put this into practice .We spend too much time watching others from the comfort of an armchair or a seat in the stand at a sports stadium. One reason why people who are physically fit to live longer is that they do not put the heart under excessive strain and so they reduce the risk of heart and blood vessel diseases .They also avoid suffering the consequences of weakened muscles ,which are the cause of a great deal of back and abdominal trouble. About 640 muscles for about 45% of our body's weight ,they must have the ability to store energy and be continually supplied with fuel by the blood .Sensible exercise ,suited to each individual and preferably undertaken on the advice of a doctor ,is the best insurance of meeting these requirements. \n Answer: Because they want to obtain much more money.",
            "output": [
                "Why do people want to prevent illness?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2cc212918600471eaa6d323556d1bd89",
            "input": "Article: In his lowest days when few people bought his records, Taiwan singer Steve Chou   lived alone in Canada and did little. One day, he passed by a local CD store and accidentally heard a song that greatly enchanted   him. His passion for music was suddenly rekindled  . \"My heart tells me that music is the thing I truly want to do, not for fame or money,\" Chou told Teens. \"So I asked myself, 'why not start all over again?'\" That's how we luckily regained this music genius, who has since then composed lots of _ for the pop music charts  . His emotional voice is enthralling  . \"Sometimes we need to get close to nature to look deeply into our souls and see what we genuinely   want to follow,\" he said. Following the success of Turkey in Blue, he has recently released his latest work Lovers Genesis. In this album he explores human relationships in the Internet age. This time, he takes the role of a calm observer rather than a struggling insider. \" _ ,\" is Chou's advice to teenagers. Chou often gets his music ideas from trips. He has traveled to many places around the world and believes that learning a country's language is the fastest way of experiencing the culture behind it. \n Answer: When he passed by a store and heard a song that enchanted him.",
            "output": [
                "How was Steve Zhou's passion for music rekindled?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d985743840cb4ff1ba8f5fdd214967ad",
            "input": "Article: When you are little, the whole world feels like a big playground. I was living in Conyers, Georgia the summer it all happened. I was a second grader, but my best friend Stephanie was only in the first grade. Both of our parents were at work and most of the time they let us go our own way.  It was a hot afternoon and we decided to have an adventure in Stephanie's basement. As I opened the basement door, before us lay the biggest room, full of amazing things like guns, dolls, and old clothes. I ran downstairs, and spotted red steel can. It was paint. I looked beyond it and there lay even more paint in bright color1s like purple, orange, blue and green.  \"Stephanie, I just found us a project for the day. Get some paintbrushes. We are fixing to paint.\" She screamed with excitement as I told her of my secret plans and immediately we got to work. We gathered all the brushes we could find and moved all of our materials to my yard. There on the road in front of my house, we painted bit stripes   of color1s across the pavement  . Stripe by stripe, our color1s turned into a beautiful rainbow. It was fantastic! The sun was starting to sink. I saw a car in the distance and jumped up as I recognized the car. It was my mother. I couldn't wait to show her my masterpiece. The car pulled slowly into the driveway and from the look on my mother's face, I could tell that I was in deep trouble.  My mother shut the car door and walked towards me. Her eyes glaring, she shouted, \"What in the world were you thinking? I understood when you made castles out of leaves, and climbed the neighbors' trees, but this! Come inside right now!\" I stood there glaring hack at her for a minute, angry because she had insulted   my art.   \"Now go clean it up!\" Mother and I began cleaning the road. Tears ran down my cheeks as I saw my beautiful rainbow turn into black cement.    Though years have now passed, I still wonder where my rainbow has gone. I wonder if, maybe when I get older, I can find my rainbow and never have to brush it away. I guess we all need sort of rainbow to brighten our lives from time to time and to keep our hopes and dreams color1ful. \n Answer: To show his artwork to her",
            "output": [
                "What did the writer want to do when his mother came home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-210be894429842b09b6903618b0df5f2",
            "input": "Article: Dogs are known for their sense of smell.They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs.Now a study suggests that the animal known as man's best friend can even find  bladder cancer. Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors .Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors, even in very small amounts, in urine .The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans. The study follows reports of cases where, for example, a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner.The man was later found to be skin cancer. Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment.The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patients, from people with other diseases and from healthy people. Each dog was tested 8 times.In each test there were 7 samples for the dogs to smell.The dog should signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it.Two cocker dogs were correct 56 percent of the time.But the scientists reported an average success rate of 41 percent. The British Medical Journal published the research.In all, 36 bladder cancer patients and 108 other people took part.During training, all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study.Doctors found a growth on the person's right kidney . Carolyn Willis says dogs could help scientists identify the combined chemicals produced by bladder cancer.That information could then be used to develop machines to test for the chemicals.The team also plans to use dogs to help identify markers for other kinds of cancer. \n Answer: Dogs help perform experiments",
            "output": [
                "What's the general idea of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d525c619e3c64e4cbd330dab67f2ddfa",
            "input": "Article: In the last couple of years, there has been a craze about timetraveling TV series in China.This year, it seems like the South Korean drama writers have fallen in a deep, neverending love with the timetravel trend. Rooftop Prince A prince from the Joseon era (18th century), Lee Gak is _ 300 years forward into the future in Seoul 2012 with his entourage  when he tries to investigate the suspicious circumstances which surround the death of the woman he loves.In the present, he finds a young woman who looks exactly like his beloved crown princess. Queen Inhyun's Man The drama, set during the Joseon era, features the hero Kim Boongdo as he tries to restore the exiled Queen Inhyun.It is in this time period he is given the timetraveling power that transports him to the future world where he makes friends with an actress playing the role of Queen Inhyun for a drama in her time. Dr Jin Jin Hyuk is a genius neurosurgeon.Through a mysterious power, Jin finds himself transported back in time 150 years.He begins treating people there, but the lack of equipment and medical knowledge of the period forces him to seek new ways to aid the sick.Through this challenging process, Jin eventually becomes a genuine doctor. Operation Proposal Kang Baekho realizes that he falls in love with his best friend, Ham Yiseul, on the day of her wedding to another man.He travels back in time to various events of their lives hoping to change the outcome of their relationship.Will Kang be able to change the course of their future? \n Answer: They all feature timetravel.",
            "output": [
                "What do the three TV series have in common?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dc9f1c3d95564a7e871505b497455245",
            "input": "Article: Zuhur Yasin has never been to the US, but she holds a bachelor's degree from an American university. Part of Yasin's studies in Somaliland were spent in a special classroom, lined with rows of computers equipped with webcams and microphones. The 29-year-old watched videos and took part in live virtual  classes at Indiana University as part of her journalism programme at the University of Hargeisa.\"We had discussions and shared any challenges or questions,\" she says. The African Virtual University(AVU), an intergovernmental organization, connected Yasin with Indiana University. The AVU says it has used virtual learning to train 43, 000 students since its creation in 1997. Professors use programmes and apps including Skype and WhatsApp to communicate with students, but classes are taught using special software. The AVU is considering plans to make lectures accessible on mobile phones. Like Yasin, many students in sub-Saharan Africa are looking for opportunities to attend university. In 2008, the region had the lowest university attendance in the world, with just 6% of secondary school-leavers advancing to higher education, according to the UN's Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. In May, the African Union(AU) opened the e-Learning Africa Conference on ICT for development, education and training at its headquarters in Addis Ababa. Rebecca Stromeyer, the founder of e-Learning Africa, says, \"Now it is the time when technology can really help to protect the progress many African countries have made in education. If the right decisions are made now, they will help to achieve long-term economic growth.\" Experts say online learning tools can connect African students to massive open online courses (Mooc,) such as Coursera, an education platform that provides free virtual education from some of the world's top universities. \n Answer: By her further education at the University of Hargeisa.",
            "output": [
                "How did Yasin obtain a bachelor's degree from an American University?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2516b675b41d4adb840114c22e9e8c0d",
            "input": "Article: I started to learn English when I was in elementary school. Together with my two friends, I had English classes with a private teacher. I lacked motivation and I learned very little. This stage was insignificant and could just as well have not happened at all. I began to learn English in earnest when I went to high school. I was in the same class with Michael, but in different groups. I was in a group for students who were to learn English from scratch, and he was in a group for those who had already known some English. Very soon, my teacher noticed that my English was improving rapidly and he told me to join the group for the advanced learners. This was the worst thing that could have happened to me. My new teacher, who was Irish, didn't speak Polish so I couldn't understand her and I never knew what I was supposed to do. I was completely at a loss. My English didn't improve at all. As a result, at the end of that year I was sent back to the group for beginners. My stay with the advanced group made me realize what kind of learning strategies I should use in the future. I discovered that I cannot pick up a new language directly from foreigners. I started to learn hard again. I translated into Polish all new words that appeared in my course-book. Before a test I would memorize dozens of words with their Polish equivalents  . However, later I would never revise those words so I would soon forget most of them. I knew that I should improve my learning techniques and I decided to ask for help those who had the best results in our class, that is Michael. That wasn't easy because in the second grade, they seemed to look down on girls. So after a few attempts to approach them I decided to give up. For two years I learned English using the method described above. My English was improving but I was still forgetting new words. Finally, in the fourth grade I got closer to Michael, who started to show me how to learn English more efficiently, which was a breakthrough in the whole process of my learning English. Michael encouraged me to read books in English with monolingual dictionaries. Several months later, I began to write e-mail messages in English. I have been using these techniques for four years, and in my opinion, I have achieved pretty good results. \n Answer: In elementary school.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the author's English learning experiences was not worthy of notice?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-62c5c644d0a8476992ba8e8d74ac3d64",
            "input": "Article: From early times, man has been interested in art. People have often worked together to collect and save the world's art treasures. Fine art treasures from many countries are kept in an art museum called the Louvre   in Paris, France. The works of art have been collected by the people of France over many centuries. It is the biggest art museum in the world. The Louvre has not always been a museum. The first building was a fort. In 1190, it was the king's castle with high walls and a round tower, which had a river around it to keep out the enemies. Over the years, the number of buildings around the castle grew. By 1350, the castle no longer needed a fort. The Louvre became a palace home for French kings and queens. During times of peace, new treasures were brought in. During the days of war, many treasures were stolen, and the buildings were damaged. When Francis I became king of France in 1515, he brought in many artists from other countries. One of the artists was Lenardo da Vinci from Italy. Da Vinci's \"Mona Lisa\" is the best known painting in the museum today. In 1793, the Louvre became a public museum. It is a place where art treasures are kept for everyone to enjoy. Every year millions of people from all over the world come to the Louvre to see the masterpieces. \n Answer: For over 200 years",
            "output": [
                "How long has the Louvre been a museum?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-efeee6d761d143f9accd8521d4a2f0f1",
            "input": "Article: Just because you are in a wheelchair doesn't mean you can't enjoy the competitiveness  --the all-around fun --that playing sports offers you. More and more wheelchair users are playing sports every day --some even on a professional level. The following are just a few examples of the different choices you have.       Wheelchair basketball is a very common wheelchair sport. It was started over forty years ago as part of a medical recovery  program. Over the years it has grown rapidly. Today wheelchair basketball is a professional sport that has more than 180 teams across the United States. In order to play wheelchair basketball, it is essential to have a lightweight wheelchair. Several different kinds of sports wheelchairs are on the market today just for sports fans.       Another wheelchair sport, quad rugby , was specifically designed for people who can't move their arms or legs and are unable to play wheelchair basketball. It is a mixture of wheelchair basketball and ice hockey. To play the game you must have two teams of four players each.       Power soccer is another fun wheelchair sport that can be very fun and exciting. Players in power soccer must have an electric wheelchair. Two teams have two 30-minute halves to push the soccer ball over the other team's goal line. The first team to reach the other team's goal line most frequently wins.       Based on the sport you choose to take part in, there are several things you can buy for your wheelchair, including belts, gloves, bags for carrying things, drink holders and special back supports. \n Answer: Health.",
            "output": [
                "In which part of the newspaper will you read this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5c2c158e768d48d7978c997b41412e3c",
            "input": "Article: Observer 2007-03-28 13:54 Nothing could be more shameful for McDonald's and KFC. They are violating labour's rights. The government must immediately bring the guilty to justice. A stricter government inspection system must be enforced to protect the workers. Nathan 2007-03-28 21:39 It is known that McDonald's and KFC and other fast-food restaurants pay the lowest wage they possibly can to get their employees. I think it's kind of funny that these two restaurants have not yet set up unions. It is also known that _ also take every possible measure e(legal, and sometimes illegal) to prevent their employees from forming or joining unions. I think it is high time that government enforced the law that they have made. Cushman 2007-03-28 22:32 The deepest reason is that China has a large population. If you complain that the pay is very low, the boss will tell you that can go to other places and that there are a lot of people waiting for the job. Today finding a job is not very easy, so you don't have many choices, and you have to face the reality. Chip 2007-03-29 20:33 If wages were too low, people wouldn't work for them, but they do, so it proves the wages are reasonable. Sure, they could raise the wages, but why should they? The workers are still working, still willing to show up on time, and it keeps costs lower. Were they to raise wages, they would have to FIRE more workers, and the price of burgers would go up. Then people wouldn't buy them, then McDonald's would once again FIRE more workers because of a reduced demand, and you'd be back in the same boat, just with less people working. \n Answer: McDonald's and KFC pay too low a salary to their employees.",
            "output": [
                "What are they debating about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-98d1a2de9b7d4e4daec31f90d029476d",
            "input": "Article: Online clothes shoppers will be told exactly what size is best. for them using new software which combines with their web camera or smart phone to form a\"3D tape measure\". Scientists from Surrey University and design experts from the London College of Fashion are developing a program which can take precise   waist, hip, chest and other measurements from camera images. Using the person's height as a starting point,the software will be able to build up a 3D image and estimate their size at various different points on the body, based on their overall proportions. The result will be a more accurate sizing guide than previous systems based on waist size or a \"small/medium/large\"scale, which rely on limited measurements and the buyer's perception of their own body size. Shoppers and retailers who choose to sign up for the project could save millions of pounds a year in postage costs by removing the need to order multiple sizes of the same garment  and send back ill-fitting clothes, researchers claimed. The project, sponsored by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC), is expected to be brought to market within two years. After choosing an item, the shopper will activate the software, enter their height, stand in front of their webcam or smart phone in their underwear and take a photograph. The software will not store or transmit the image to the internet, but will use it to judge the person's dimensions at various points on their body. Philip Delamore of the London College of Fashion said:\"The potential benefits for the fashion industry and for shoppers are huge. Currently, it's common for online shoppers to order two or three different sizes of the same item of clothing at the same time, as they're unsure which one will fit best.\" \n Answer: a software",
            "output": [
                "What is the essential part of a 3D tape measure?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d2979ec9b0104974bcb3ddaa6abcd42d",
            "input": "Article: Pollution is reducing the fragrance  of plants and thus preventing bees from pollinating  them--endangering one of the most essential cycles of nature, a new study suggests. The potentially hugely significant research, funded by US National Science Foundation, has found that gases mainly formed from the emissions  of cars prevent flowers from attracting bees and other insects to pollinate them. And the scientists who have conducted the study fear that insects' abilities to drive away enemies and attract mates may also be disturbed. Professor Jose Fuentes, who led the study, said, \"Scent molecules  produced by flowers in a less polluted environment could travel for roughly 1,000 to 1,200 meters. But today they may travel only 200 to 300 meters. This makes it increasingly difficult for bees and other insects to locate the flowers.\" The researchers, who worked on the molecules of snapdragons ,found that the molecules are volatile  and quickly bond with pollutants, mainly formed from vehicle emissions. This chemically changes the molecules so that they no longer smell like flowers. A harmful cycle is therefore set up where insects struggle to get enough food and the plants do not get pollinated enough to multiply. Already bees, which pollinate most of the world's crops, are in such a great decline that has never been known before in Britain and across much of the globe. At least a quarter of America's 2.5 million honey bee colonies have been mysteriously wiped out by colony collapse disorder(CCD),where hives are found suddenly deserted. The crisis  has now spread to Europe. Politicians insist that CCD has not yet been found in Britain, but considering the present number of bees, the agriculture minister Lord Rooker has sent the warning, \"The honey bee population could be wiped out in 10 years.\" Although the researchers are not certain whether this is the real cause of CCD, they say that pollution is making life more difficult for bees and other insects in many ways. \n Answer: By shortening the distance traveled by the scent molecules of flowers.",
            "output": [
                "In what way does pollution prevent flowers from attracting bees?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4fd0c57813c54c899825b0ca3eb5b589",
            "input": "Article: A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be \"running out of control\". This idea is dangerous. Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing. Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections  , whatever is scientifically possible will be done ----somewhere, sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it a fuels sense of  hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world. In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of \"controlling\" science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact   on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict. Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the united efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future. \n Answer: People hold mixed opinions about science.",
            "output": [
                "What can we conclude from the recent study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4ba9f9e5e3f44cca2407803a7c491ce",
            "input": "Article: If sustainable competitive advantage depends on workforce skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labour is simply another factor of production to be hired--rented at the lowest possible cost--much as one buys materials or equipment. The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate management. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer(CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central--usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm's hierarchy. While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work force, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. As a result, problems arise when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers on Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running in production, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be used. The result is a slower pace of technological change, and in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can't effectively make the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear. \n Answer: They see the gaining of skills as their employees' own business.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-97a2c60856ba40fdbd4a8be5befb738a",
            "input": "Article: The Gloria Barron Prize honors American young people from 8 to 18 who have shown leadership and courage in public service. Each year ten winners each receive $2,000 to support their higher education or their service work.  Ellie Wen, 18, was volunteering at a community center in prefix = st1 /Los Angeles. The center was set up to help immigrant families. She happened to meet adults in an EFL (English as a foreign language) class. \"When I saw them struggling hard, I wondered how people in poor countries could learn English,\" Ellie said. So she started a Website, \"Repeat After Us\", where people can listen to English and practice their accents. Volunteers have helped Ellie record more than 6,600 texts, including Abraham Lincoln's \"Gettysburg Address\".  Hard work _ There were so many times that Ellie was discouraged, but she stuck to it. The Website crashed early on, and all the recordings were lost. But volunteers worked together vigorously to start over, and the visitors returned to the site.         \"Just follow your idea and know that the world is so kind. Even if you do have trouble, people will help you,\" Ellie said.    \"I was really excited the first month, when we had 49 visitors,\" she said. Now, more than 480,000 people from all over the world have visited the site. \"I get e-mails fromChina,Egypt,India, andBrazil. They say, 'Thank you so much for this resource, we've been waiting for it for so long!'\" Ellie loves knowing she is helping so many people. Gloria Barron Prize winners like Ellie are enthusiastic about the work they do. And they encourage others to join in if they see a need. Anybody can be negative, but it takes somebody brave to be positive. Are you the brave one? \n Answer: People can practise their English via Ellie's website.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6319df6ab2714abb8ae2c2b0051d5e9d",
            "input": "Article: Discounts at various bicycle shops. Why Cycle with a Group? Getting to work by bicycle has never been more popular. Governments and nations are transforming their cities and highways to meet the needs of this new generation of cycling enthusiasts,and in a world where green choices are the new must-have, average citizens are eagerly seizing their chance to help make their bodies cleaner than ever before. Become an EBTC Member. Year round, organized by members like you! The Edmonton Bicycle and Touring Club(EBTC)is a recreational not-for-profit volunteer-run group devoted to promoting its members to cooperatively run bicycling trips during the spring, summer and fall, cross-country skiing trips in the winter, and social events all the year round. We welcome both road bike and mountain bike riders! Benefits of Joining EBTC: Opportunity to create the kinds of events you like:enjoy dozens of events. Participation in the local cycling community. Use of club bicycle tools on tour and library materials. It's more FUN! It encourages you to come out often and get healthy exercise without going to a gym. Develop skills and gain through the experience of others. Meet new and interesting people with a common interest in cycling. Meet a fun-loving,energetic and different group of individuals who enjoy a healthy lifestyle. Enjoy the outdoor experience with the companionship and security of a group. For more information on the EBTC: Phone the Club Hotline at 780-424-2453 E-mail:jprineau@edmontonbicycle.com Mail us at: Edmonton Bicycle & Touring Club P.O.Box 52017 Garneau Postal Stn. Edmonton,AB T6G 2T5 Canada \n Answer: Meeting more new people.",
            "output": [
                "What's the advantage of cycling with a group?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19f5a77ab9d549a6a71db4ae1afe1f41",
            "input": "Article: Is it time to kick Russia out of the BRICs  ?If so, it may end up sounding like a famous ball-point pen maker--BIC. An argument is being made that Goldman Sach's famous marketing device  , the BRICs, should really be the BICs. \"Is Russia really worth the name BRICs?\" asks Anders Aslund, senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, in an article for Foreign Policy. Aslund, who is also co-author with Andrew Kuchins of \"The Russian Balance Sheet\", thinks the Russia of Putin and Medvedev is just not worthy of inclusion alongside Brazil, India and China in the list of future economic powerhouses. He writes: \"The country's economic performance has fallen to such a weak level that one must ask whether it has any say at all on the global economy, compared with the other members of its group. I have just returned from Moscow, which is always dull around this season. For the last seven years, Russia has taken very few measures to improve its economy. Instead, the state has been living on oil and gas.\" Economically, Aslund has the numbers on his side. The International Monetary Fund figures that the Russian economy will fall by 6.7 percent in 2009, while China will grow 8.5 percent and India 5.4 percent. There is less of a case for Brazil, with a fall of 0.7 percent, but it is still doing far better than Russia. But the BRICs are not just about economy. As is mentioned above, it is a marketing device to encourage investors   to focus on the big promising players. From an investment standpoint, it could be argued that Russia is leading the BRICs. Its stock market is up 128 percent this year while around 80 percent is for the other three. At very least, despite Russia's economic underperformance, its stock market outperformance does suggest it is indeed one of the group. \n Answer: China",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which country will enjoy the biggest increase in 2009?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5288b76c20ce49f2a9aed7c07fa1cfe2",
            "input": "Article: Today was a very big day for me and I had already ordered up a pile of books I needed in the University Library from home by about 10:15. Off I went at 10:30 to the University Library, to get all those references. Only trouble was that when I arrived I discovered I hadn't got my university card that would open the library's electronic entrance, and every other place I needed to access. I had had it in another library the night before (which was where I strongly suspected it still was), but the immediate dilemma was this: should I (Plan A) try using the old university library card I had, which I had thought I had lost, and had been cancelled, but I thought there was a chance it would still work the University Library turnstile  ? Or should I (Plan B) admit it and hope that I could blag  my way in on the \"I've been coming to this library for 40 years...\" line?  I went for Plan A. Two reasons really. I think I could probably blag (or cry) my way in, but I thought it might get the entry staff into trouble. They've known me for ages, but rules are rules. Besides, I thought there was a good chance that my old card would still work the turnstile even if it had been cancelled. And if it didn't work, I could still try Plan B. The answer was my old card did still work. I looked up that tricky little article about the Middle East, then I went off to my own little Library, knocked on the window and got let in by a graduate student (I am sure there are also rules about not letting professors in when they haven't got their card, even if desperate and crying). And there was good news. There under the pile of books I had been using the night before was the lost card. \n Answer: one of the entry staff working in the Library.",
            "output": [
                "Who is likely to be the writer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c9d4275e085a46f6bcdaf3d4a0648026",
            "input": "Article: Every day it seems that people are coming up with new and innovative ways to use mobile devices like cellphones and smart phones. Researchers at Princeton University are looking for new ways to measure a person's sense of _ with mobile devices. To gain a better understanding of how cellphones and other mobile devices can measure our sense of happiness, the research team conducted a study that was published recently in the journal Demography. To gather data for their study, the team created an application for mobile devices using the Android operating system. Once the app was developed, the researchers invited people to download it and take part in their study. Over a three-week period, the research team was able to collect data from some 270 participants living in 13 countries. Participants came not only from the United States, but also from other nations like Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Israel, Japan, Norway, South Korea, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Over the course of the study, participants received occasional text questions from the researchers that asked \"How happy are you?\". Along with recording their response, the app used the mobile device's built-in GPS to keep track of the participant's location. The study participants were asked to rate their current state of happiness on a scale of zero to five. As they gathered data from the information collected through the application, the researchers then were able to create new methods that could help provide a better understanding of how our surroundings can influence our emotional well-being. The researchers learned that mobile devices can provide an effective way to quickly grab information that, because of today's active lifestyle, can be difficult to record. Being able to quickly grab this information was something the researchers felt was important. They said feelings and emotions that were recorded as they were happening were most likely to be more honest and precise than using other methods like writing down how they felt on a piece of paper after the fact. \n Answer: About 270 people from 13 countries participated in the study.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a00e4933f9b341f985693c89a6fb720f",
            "input": "Article: Reading is not the only way to gain knowledge of the work in the past. There is another large reservoir   which may be called experience, and the college students will find that every craftsman   has something he can teach and will generally teach gladly to any college student who does not look down upon them. The information from them differs from that in textbooks and papers chiefly in that its theoretical   part -- the explanations of why things happen -- is frequently quite fantastic   . But the demonstration   and report of what happens, and how it happens are correct even if the reports are in completely unscientific terms. Presently the college students will learn, in this case also, what to accept and what to reject. One important thing for a college student to remember is that if Aristotle could talk to the fisherman, so can he. Another source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed down from father to son , or mother to daughter, of old country customs ,of folklore  . All this is very difficult for a college student to examine, for much knowledge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants from wild grass.The college students should learn to realize and remember how much of real value science has found in _ and how often scientific discoveries of what had existed in this area long age. \n Answer: Traditional practices are as important as experience for the college students",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cb073e6cbe3145e1a8cd528871418e12",
            "input": "Article: An Australian inventor has designed and built an environmentally friendly ferry  that uses solar and wind power to transport people around Sydney Harbor. Robert Dane and his Solar Sailor were given the top prize at the Australian Design Awards recently.      The Solar Sailor has been in use for six months. It uses four sources of energy for its power -- solar, wind, battery power with stored solar energy and a fuel generator  in store all controlled by computers. The ferry can travel up to 7.5 knots on just wind and solar power. It's solar wings and fiberglass solar panels   which not only take in sunlight and store it in batteries, but also act as sails.       \"We angle  our solar panels to the sun in two planes , which increases the amount of energy we get from the sun by 40 percent,\" Dane says. \"And also we can use that same structure to do another job, which is also the sail, and so these wing sails actually push the ferry forward just like a soft sail does.\"       Computers check the sun and wind and angle the solar wings to take in the most sunlight. If there isn't much wind or it is a cloudy day, energy stored in the batteries runs the electric motor for up to five hours. \"If the batteries are too low, then the computer turns the generator on so the boat is always able to meet a commercial schedule, or get from point A to point B no matter what,\" Dan explains.      Dane got his idea for the Solar Sailor from a book on insects. He was amazed how insects use their wings to collect solar energy to warm themselves.       \"When I read that, I realized there was a good example in nature for what we were going to do, which was to use a solar wing to collect solar energy and also to sail,\" he says. \n Answer: A new type of generator designed by Dane.",
            "output": [
                "What is the Solar Sailor?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-83b52edb00ee4809af5face10b8123a3",
            "input": "Article: (The Guardian):              More UK universities should be profiting from ideas A repeated criticism of the UK's university sector is its noticeable weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services. Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual PS40m spent by the Department of Health on all kinds of research. However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity. When viewed at the national level, the _ (interference) of the past decade have helped transformed the performances of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders. This type of uneven distribution is not strange to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are receiving 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities. The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of the university or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise (expert knowledge or skill) in order to build greater confidence in the sector. Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presented in my report, there are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work. If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous (happening at the same time) investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle. \n Answer: They still have a place among the world leaders.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ffc9f9588a5e4aef8ac5898f53e78f51",
            "input": "Article: St James's Palace has announced that while Miss Middleton will wear a wedding ring. Prince William has chosen not to.  Rings are typically exchanged by couples during their wedding to represent commitment  to each other. Does it matter if husbands don't wear a wedding ring? Prince William's father wears one, his grandfather doesn't and their decisions weren't seen as strange. But reactions to Prince William's decision show that wedding rings for husbands are now the norm. One young man, who spoke to the BBC, thinks William is setting a bad example, saying: \"I think it's disgraceful  . It's a tradition. You have to wear a ring really. And for someone of the royal family to do that, it's not right. \" Broadly speaking, modem husbands tend to wear their wedding rings as a symbol of loyalty and faithfulness. So not wearing one can seem unusual or even dishonest to some, although men haven't always worn them.  The wearing of wedding rings has been the done thing for centuries among wives but only became common practice among husbands during World War II. Men fighting overseas usually wore them as a reminder of wives and families back home.  Wearing rings is a safety issue  for men in certain manual jobs. But how does William explain his decision? A royal officer has said he \"isn't one for jewelry\". \n Answer: Wearing rings is a safety guarantee for some manual jobs.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-12003172faaf44869eab2ec1340122eb",
            "input": "Article: Every school has an ugly girl. In my primary school, it was me. From first grade through fourth, I had to wear heavy orthopedic shoes because of my weak ankles. I sounded like overweight elephant wearing bricks whenever I took a single step. \"Hey, Bigfoot!\" \"Geez, you're going to start an earthquake!\" Then in sixth grade I had to start wear glasses. Mom asked for the least expensive ones and that made me look like a fool. \"Four eyes!\" \"Couldn't you cover up more of your faces? Why stop at the eyes?\" In Seventh, I started competing on the city swim team, thinking that if I got a killer body, nobody would notice my face. Wrong again. I loved being fast and winning ribbons now and then, but now I had red, wet eyes from the chlorine  in the pool. I also did not develop a killer body. I changed my strategy at Eighth grade, the last year of middle school. I offered my help to anyone who needs. I worked for other girls, so they could hang out with their friends. My new program began to work. People who would never have acknowledged my existence before were suddenly seeking me out. I'd been feeling pretty good until one day I went to Christine's house to help her fill envelopes. Going into each envelope was invitation to Christine's birthday party; it was a big event at a fancy hotel. Complete with dinner. She asked me to help her address these envelopes. There was no envelope for me. My heart was broken. I tried to escape from all the eyes. High school had to be better, right? Yes and no. Now that I'm here, I know there are still lots of shallow people judging you on what you're wearing or how cool your hair is , but there are also kids who talk to you because they liked your answers or just as you're kind, honest, and a good friend. I still do kind things because I like the feeling I get when I am helping people. I, with my friends, went to Children's hospital, playing games and reading to the sick kids. I still had wet red and not a smart look, but you cannot tell me I am not beautiful. Every time I visit hospital, five-year-old Terry grasps my hand, \"Morri, you are so nice. I want to grow up to be just like you.\" \n Answer: She had weak ankles and eyesight.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Morri laughed at by her classmates when she was in primary school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c79adb7c913d4e5fb57686d7077c1c3f",
            "input": "Article: There's a whole lot of things that people fill their stomachs with. Some of them keep people alive. Some of them taste good to people. Some of them help people win pie-eating contests. Alcohol does none of these things. Why do people keep drinking it? And what does it do once it gets to their stomachs? There are all kinds of alcohol molecules  , but the one that people most often pour down their throat is ethanol  . Ethanol is very tiny and it dissolves in water, so it gets into all sorts of places that it's not supposed to. Alcohol heads for the digestive system. Because it dissolves in water, it can get into the water in the bloodstream. Because ethanol, to a certain extent, can pass through cell membranes . It can go almost anywhere. It spreads through the muscles, and is sweated -- unmetabolized  and whole -- through the skin. It gets into the heart. It even takes a walk through the brain, and this is the secret of its powers. Alcohol depresses the nerves, and the nerves affect almost every area of the body. Enough alcohol makes people sleep, so people who become unconscious choke on their own vomit  . Most worryingly, enough alcohol can shut down those parts of the brain just like any other parts. People become unconscious and their brains simply forget to breathe. Alcohol is broken down in the liver. Alcohol doesn't destroy the liver, but products that the liver breaks the alcohol into do cause damage. A glass of wine per day can not do any harm. Instead, it can prevent heart attacks or can make someone functionally young. And it is kind of nice to know that sometimes, relaxation and cheer can be bottled. All that's needed is to take care how much alcohol is let into a person's brain. \n Answer: By question.",
            "output": [
                "How does the author introduce the topic of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ee77ca614548401d9995a2b7d33607e8",
            "input": "Article: One summer my friend and I decided to go to Italy for a holiday and we decided to travel there without going through a travel agency. You know, you would be submerged   in crowds of tourists and lose lots of opportunities to get familiar with the country more closely. We started to think over our trip and managed to come up with a free tour of Italy. The trip was not very long but it was still very impressive. We look forward to going there again! Of course, we spent lots of time arranging the trip, but it was well worth it! Of course I was afraid that something would go wrong and I was especially anxious about my visa, but everything went quite smoothly in the end. ks5u  The most difficult part was getting a visa without an invitation. In the Italian consulate , one must hand in some official paper proving that one has a hotel booked for oneself in order to get the visa. Then we had to solve the ticket problem. Airlines often sell cheap tickets and we bought ours far in advance. The next step was to book a hotel. We finally booked a hotel about thirty km away from the heart of Rome and it was the perfect choice for our trip.  Every day we took a train that carried us to the heart of Rome. Our big house, which was surrounded by the forest, was a rare girl for the fresh air and   silence, beautiful views, hospitable   hosts, comfortable living conditions delighted us to no end. Besides this, we were very lucky that our mistress was Russian. She gave us a lot of advice that was of great use. She told us what transport to choose and where the best places to go.  Don't be afraid to arrange your trip by yourself. It's not difficult! The only thing I'll say right now is that we really enjoyed traveling by ourselves. We walked with a map and a guide-book to wherever we wanted and we even met some of our fellow countrymen on the way just two or three times. So, if you're also planning a \"single\" trip, don't forget to take a Russian-Italian phrasebook as people in Italy prefer to speak in their native tongue. \n Answer: He had a great time there.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author want to go to Italy again?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9dfe4e87e95e488aaa4c48ec9b02a884",
            "input": "Article: In our old neighborhood, neighbors chatted over fences. Newcomers were welcomed with chocolate and bread. It had been easy to find friends there. Our new community was different. It seemed that family roots grew deep. Deep as the Mississippi river that flowed past the tiny river town. We'd moved to decrease my husband's commute to work. Only thirty miles. After living there for six months, I was ready to move back home. I was lonely for a friend. My three boys were lonely. My husband, Lonny, fared okay, but he spent his days at work. Lonny noticed my sinking disposition.  \"Shawnelle, you look unapproachable,\" he said. He and I were sitting in lawn chairs. Samuel, our three-year-old son sat in his own little chair. \"What do you mean?\" \"Body language. You placed our chairs fifteen yards away from everyone else.\" \"It doesn't matter. I'm not going to have friends here. \" Just then Samuel looked up. \"Mom's right, Dad. And we just want to go home. \" That's when I knew that I needed an adjustment. I didn't want my boys to learn that the way to work through a tough time was to use a wounded and bitter attitude. Over the next few months I smiled when I didn't feel like it. We signed up for reading programs at the library and frequented parks and the bike path along the river. One afternoon Samuel and I clambered up the stairs to the library activity room. A woman who I hadn't seen before sat at an oblong table with a tiny boy. \"Hi,\" she said. \"I'm Tammy. Do you need a seat? There's one right here.\" I sat down next to Tammy. Soon class was over, and I still had a lot to say. \"Why don't you come over later?\" Tammy asked. \"I live on a farm. There's plenty of room for the kids to run. \" We went. And since that day, we've been back a million times. When I look back, I'm grateful for that tough time. I learned to persevere. I'm glad I didn't give up. And as for my boys, they learned a lesson too. \"Keep moving forward,\" is what I tell them. \"Your heart will follow.\" \n Answer: To make her husband go to work conveniently",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer move to a new neighborhood?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d18978f1e4a349438b95fca02b0da2f5",
            "input": "Article: The early 1900s were very different from today, when toys were still the delight of children everywhere. Theodore Roosevelt's Presidency marks the beginning of the \"Teddy Bear\". In the year 1902,toy bears were named \"Teddy\" after the president's nickname. The Teddy Bear became known worldwide and it was only a few years later that the Teddy Bears were mass produced. In 1913,an item called the Erector Set was invented. It was a steel,motorized toy that children could use to build models of anything. Its creator was A.C.Gilbert,a medical doctor. Charles Pajeau created a similar wooden set called Tinker Toys in the year 1914.Tinker Toys were made for younger children. Raggedy Ann dolls first came on the scene after newspaper cartoonist Johnny Gruelle reproduced the doll he made for his daughter. That was in 1915. The following year,an architect's son named John Lloyd Wright,invented Lincoln Logs,which were interlocked to make structures. Two years after Mickey Mouse was created,stuffed Mickey Mouse dolls were made by Charlotte Clark. This was the start of Disney merchandise. The yoyo became popular in the United States after Donald Duncan bought a yoyo company in 1929. The ViewMaster,a three dimensional viewer,was developed by a camera enthusiast named William Gruber. The toy became popular when Gruber licensed Disney characters to make still, 3D images from Disney movies and television programs. Finally,in 1940,model airplanes were mass produced. They started out as a way for manufacturers to sell planes to the military,but later caught on as a toy. The toys that we know and love today have had their roots from these ancient times. Thanks to all these creative man's efforts, we know otherwise what we may never know. \n Answer: To memorize President Theodore Roosevelt",
            "output": [
                "Why were toy bears named \"Teddy\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-34e4d145fbf64856888967d6d797e2f2",
            "input": "Article: Our world natural park is one of the most famous parks in the world. Millions of visitors from different countries visit this park every year. In order to protect it, please do as follows:     *Protect the natural and cultural heritage . Don't damage or deface  any buildings, displays and other facilities. Take care of all plants. Put rubbish in the bins provided.     *Take care when you are going up and down steps or stairs and when you are walking nearby the waters. *Please buy tickets before entering the scenic spot One ticket is only for one person. Adult: $60 per ticket .Children over6 and under 18,half price. People over 60 and children under 6 are free. *If you are going into the wooded and hilly lands, for your own safety, please go with three people at least and don't take any tinder  along with you. The hill is steep, so please take care of yourself. *This scenic spot is the reserve of water source: No fishing, swimming, washing and any behaviors that are harmful to the water source. Meanwhile, please follow the management rules of the scenic spot conscientiously.  *Opening time: From Monday to Friday, 8:00 a. m.--18:00 p. m.; From Saturday to Sunday, 6:00 a. m:--24:00 p. m.  *Small animals such as rabbits, peacocks, squirrels, frogs must be taken care of: None of them shall be killed.  If you have any trouble in visiting our world natural park, please call 477-866-7044. Our staff will do our best to help you. \n Answer: $ 30.",
            "output": [
                "How much will be paid for a 65-year-old man with his 8-year-old grandson?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d33e94a982024ddfb9e88a2b5ae0cc12",
            "input": "Article: High heels, coffee cups and dogs have been regarded as three of the most dangerous things to have in a car. The seemingly harmless items have been responsible for more than 13 million crashes and near misses on Britain's roads. While men were responsible for the greater number of accidents reported, women played their part by driving in high heels. Putting fashion over function meant 44 percent of female motorists had been prevented from using the pedals correctly by their high heels--with those aged 25 to 34 accounting for most of the incidents reported. Those keen for a caffeine kick while driving can also create an accident if they leave empty coffee cups lying around their vehicle. Twenty percent of those surveyed admitted they had crashed their car or had a near miss after a deserted coffee cup or empty drink bottle rolled under their brake pedal . However, it is not just wearing and eating that cause a threat from inside the car, man's best friend could also cause a catastrophe if not safely secured. One in eight motorists claimed to have had a scrape or near miss on the road due to their dog's wandering freely, climbing into the front seat or trying to escape through the windows. The accidents meant drivers took their eyes off the road for more than three seconds each time, according to the poll of 2,000 British motorists. The survey has found drivers will pick up an average bill of PS261.47 for the damage caused by every crash. Londoners were the most at risk of an accident closely followed by motorists in the West Midland and Wales. Janet Connor, a managing director, said many accidents could be avoided if people cleaned their cars regularly, as one in ten drivers involved in crashes admitted to driving inside a mountain of debris. She said, \"The possible dangers and distractions outside the car are well known but as the evidence suggests, those within the car are often forgotten.\" \n Answer: They wear shoes with high heels.",
            "output": [
                "What mistake do women drivers most probably make while driving?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-da733b09b252419cbd1a1734d44eedae",
            "input": "Article: When Russell Lyons volunteered for the first time, he read Goodnight Moon to a class of San Diego preschoolers. And it wasn't reading-he'd memorized the book and was reciting it out loud. He was 4. Still, he said it felt good up there, in front of the other kids, lending a hand. He wanted more of that feeling. Thirteen years later, he's getting a lot of it. He's on a five-month road trip across America-not sightseeing, but volunteering. The University City resident has spent time at an animal reserve in Utah, a women's shelter in St. Louis, a soup kitchen in New York, a retirement home in Tucson. This week he's in Los Angeles, at a program that supports disabled youth. \"I just like helping people and feeling that something I do is making a difference,\" he said. He resists the idea that his \"Do Good Adventure\" is all that unusual. It bothers him that the media often describes young people as lazy, self-centered and materialistic. So he sees his trip as a chance to make a statement, too. \"About 55 percent of teens do volunteer work, higher than the rate of adults,\" he said, according to a 2002 study. \"Not everybody knows that.\" Of course, some teens do volunteer work because it looks impressive on their college applications. Lyons said he mentioned his trip on his submissions. But charity work is a habit with him. Even before the cross country trip, he was volunteering abut 200 hours a year at various places. He's made sandwiches for homeless families in Washington D.C.. He's taught math to fifth-graders in Cuernavaca, Mexico. He gets some of that drive from his mother, Leslye Lyons, who has been involved in nonprofits for much of her life. She was there when her son \"read\" to the preschoolers-a memory of hers \"that will never go away.\" \n Answer: Impressive.",
            "output": [
                "What did Russell Lyons think of his first volunteering?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6ead800a4c724ddfb42fc7fe00fb7c47",
            "input": "Article: The biggest challenge faced by travelers especially those who like to have a backpacking trip is how to ensure a steady supply of clean clothes. Now, thanks to a great invention called Scrubba Wash Pack, that worry may be a thing of the past. The portable washing machine was invented by Ash Newland in 2010, while planning to climb Mt. Kilimanjaro. Struck by the limited packing space, he got inspiration from traditional washboards to create a bag that could be used to clean clothes. Then he quitted his career as a lawyer and focused on perfecting the bag's design. By 2012, the bag was ready for the public. It weighed only 180 grams and required very little storage space, making it perfect for anyone wishing to travel light. Not surprisingly, the bag worth 55 dollars was an instant hit with travelers, university students and even passengers. However, Newland was not satisfied. He still saw a flaw with his invention - dirty clothes had to be carried around in a separate bag! The recently introduced Scrubba Wash Pack solves that problem. In order to make the pack active, dirty clothes are placed inside the bag along with two to three liters of water. The bag is then shut tightly to ensure all air is squeezed out and the clothes are massaged for a few minutes. After a quick wash, they are clean and ready to be dried. According to Newland, the pack can clean anything from jeans to smelly socks! What's even more amazing is that with a capacity to hold 13-liters of water, it can be used to wash more clothes at a time. The best part is that the 99-dollar pack that will be available for sale later this year, only weighs 300 grams and is completely foldable, making it easy to store when it's not in use. With the Scrubba Wash Pack, wandering through foreign cities searching for a washing shop, or paying for washing machines may soon be a thing of the past! \n Answer: The invention was not so convenient.",
            "output": [
                "Why wasn't Ash Newland satisfied with his former invention?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b9da81a827914eff8a000215ecd522ac",
            "input": "Article: I would like to tell you a story about my uncle Theo. He is my oldest uncle, a tall, thin, grey-haired man whose thoughts are always on learning and nothing else. He is quiet, gentle and absent-minded and with about as much sense as a child where money is concerned. Well, he applied a post in Camford University. It was a very good post and there were hundreds of candidates who applied for it, and about fifteen, including Theo, were asked to be interviewed. Camford is a very small town; there is only one hotel in it, and it was so full that they had to put many of the candidates two in a room. Theo was one of these, and the man who shared the room with him was a self-confident fellow called Adams, about twenty years younger than Theo, with a loud voice, and a laugh that you could hear all over the hotel. But he was a clever fellow all the same and had a good post in Iscaiot College, Narkover. Well, the Dean, who was the head of the department of the University, and the committee interviewed all the candidates; and as a result of this interview, the number of the candidates was reduced to two, Uncle Theo and Adams. The committee couldn't decide which of the two to take, so they decided to make their final choice after each of the candidates had given a public lecture in the college lecture-hall. The subject they had to speak on was \"The Civilization of the Ancient Summerians\"; and the lecture had to be given in three days' time. Well, for these three days Uncle Theo never left his room. He worked day and night at that lecture, writing it out and memorizing it, almost without eating or sleeping. Adams didn't seem to do any preparation at all. You could hear his voice and his laughter where he had a crowd of people around him. He came to his room late at night, asked Uncle Theo how he was getting on with his lecture, and then told him how he had spent the evening playing bridge, or at the music hall. He ate like a horse and slept like a log; and Uncle Theo sat up working at his lecture. The day of the lecture arrived. They all went into the lecture hall and Theo and Adams took their seats on the platform. And then, Theo discovered, to his horror, that typewritten copy of his speech had disappeared! The Dean said they would call on the candidates on the alphabetical order, Adams first; and the despair in his heart, Theo watched Adams calmly take the stolen speech out of pocket and read it to the professors who were gathered to hear it. And how well he read it! Even Uncle Theo had to admit he couldn't have read it nearly so eloquently himself, and when Adams finished there was a great burst of applause. Adams bowed and smiled, and sat down. Now, it was Theo's turn. But what could he do? He had put everything he knew into the lecture. His mind was too much upset to put the same thoughts in another way. With a burning face he could only repeat, word for word, in a low, dull voice, the lecture that Adams had spoken so eloquently. There was hardly any applause when he sat down. The Dean and the committee went out to decide who the successful candidate was, but everyone was sure what their decision would be. Adams leaned across to Theo and patted him on the back and said, smilingly, \"Hard luck, old fellow, but after all, only one of us could win\". Then the Dean and the committee came back, \"Gentlemen\", the Dean said, \"the candidate we have chosen is Mr. Hobdell.\" Uncle Theo had won! The audience were completely taken by surprise, and the Dean continued, \"I think I ought to tell you how we arrived at the decision. We were all filled with admiration at the learning and eloquence of Mr. Adams. I was greatly impressed. But, you will remember, Mr. Adams read his lecture to us. When Mr. Hobdell's turn came, he repeated that speech, word by word from memory, though, of course, he couldn't have seen a line of it before. Now a fine memory is absolutely necessary for this post; and what a memory Mr. Hobdell must have! This is why we decided that Mr. Hobdell was exactly the man we wanted! \" As they walked out of the room, the Dean came up to Uncle Theo, who was so confused but so happy that he hardly knew whether he was standing on his head or heels; and as he shook Theo's hand he said, \"Congratulations, Mr. Hobdell! But, my dear fellow, when you are on our staff, you must be more careful and not leave valuable papers lying about!\" \n Answer: Bookish",
            "output": [
                "Which of the followings best describes Uncle Theo?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e97d955fd5ca41f29c3e0817c19c931d",
            "input": "Article: New Scientist Event Instant Expert-- How Your Brain Works Saturday, 20 May 2017from 10:00 to 17:00 London, United Kingdom  Ever wondered how your brain works? How that stuff in your head enables you to see, hear and think about the world around you, make decisions and act on them? Join six leading scientists to explore what we know about 4fcthe most difficult kilo of matter in the universe\". The day will be chaired by psychologist and presenter of BBC Radio 4's All in the mirtd,Claudia Hammond.              '  Overview: The brain has long been a source of fascination. In 1819, the radical thinker and surgeon William Lawrence put it like this: \"It's strongly suspected that a Newton or Shakespeare excels other men only ... by having an extra inch of brain in the right place.\" Today, many such suspicions are certainties. This event will introduce you to the evolution of the brain. We'll study technique for controlling the brain using electric and magnetic fields, as well as the latest technologies that follow you to control the outside world using your mind alone. *Topics covered will include: *Evolution of the brain *How memory makes us human *Emotion *Sleep and brain  Booking information: *The event will be held in Brunei Auditorium at RCGP/30 Euston Square. And doors to the Auditorium will open at 9:15 am. *We require the name of each person attending -- please ensure this is provided at the time of booking. *The schedule for the day will be confirmed closer to the event, and will be emailed to all ticket holders. *A minimum of 100 early bird discounted tickets are available priced at PS129 (saving PS20 on the full ticket price of PS149). \n Answer: How their sleep is related to their brain",
            "output": [
                "What can attendees learn from the event?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18a9a62dcc214f55a41b051cd2fcb02a",
            "input": "Article: You're not doomed to toss and turn every night. Although you might not be able to control all of the factors that relate to your sleep, you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep. Start with these simple sleep tips. No. 1: Stick to a sleep schedule Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off. Being consistent reinforces   your body's sleep-wake cycle and helps promote better sleep at night. If you don't fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing. Go back to bed when you're tired. No. 2: Pay attention to what you eat and drink Don't go to bed either hungry or stuffed. Your discomfort might keep you up. Also limit how much you drink before bed, to prevent disruptive middle-of-the-night trips to the toilet. Nicotine, caffeine and alcohol deserve caution, too. The stimulating effects of nicotine and caffeine -- which take hours to wear off -- can ruin quality sleep. No. 3: Create a bedtime ritual Do the same things each night to tell your body it's time to wind down. This might include taking a warm bath or shower, reading a book, or listening to light music. Be careful of using the TV or other electronic devices as part of your bedtime ritual. Some research suggests that screen time or other media use before bedtime has impact on sleep. No. 4: Get comfortable Create a room that's ideal for sleeping. Often, this means cool, dark and quiet. Consider using room-darkening shades, earplugs, a fan or other devices to create an environment that suits your needs. Your mattress and pillow can contribute to better sleep, too. Since the features of good bedding are subjective, choose what feels most comfortable to you. If you have children or pets, set limits on how often they sleep with you -- or insist on separate sleeping quarters. No. 5: Limit daytime naps Long daytime naps can affect nighttime sleep -- especially if you're struggling with poor sleep quality at night. If you choose to nap during the day, limit yourself to about 10 to 30 minutes and make it during the mid-afternoon. If you work nights, you'll need to make an exception to the rules about daytime sleeping. In this case, keep your window coverings closed so that sunlight -- which adjusts your internal clock -- doesn't interrupt your daytime sleep. No. 6: Include physical activity in your daily routine Regular physical activity can promote better sleep, helping you to fall asleep faster and to enjoy deeper sleep. Timing is important, though. If you exercise too close to bedtime, you might be too energized to fall asleep. If this seems to be an issue for you, exercise earlier in the day. No. 7: Manage stress When you have too much to do -- and too much to think about -- your sleep is likely to suffer. To help restore peace to your life, consider healthy ways to manage stress. Start with the basics, such as getting organized, setting priorities and dividing tasks. Give yourself permission to take a break when you need one. Share a good laugh with an old friend. Nearly everyone has an occasional sleepless night -- but if you often have trouble sleeping, contact your doctor. Identifying and treating any underlying causes can help you get the better sleep you deserve. \n Answer: listening to light music before bed",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is helpful to have quality sleep at night?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c4dbc91279784d53a8c74171511d85c1",
            "input": "Article: Today,we are told,children don't spend enough time in the fresh air.Many of them are addicted to a screen either on a computer or a TV--they seem to be living in a virtual world.They have lost touch with nature. But now 400 organizations in the UK,from playgroups to the National Health Service,are encouraging children to have some\"wild time\".They want kids to swap at least 30 minutes of watching TV or playing computer games for time playing outside.Activities such as building dens, climbing trees, rummaging for conkers and playing hide and seek are just some of the things kids can do. Even if they live in a city,they can go on adventures in the garden or the park. Children often need a helping hand from mum and dad.They need to be shown what to do and where to go.Andy Simpson from National Health Service says,\"We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids' development,independence and creativity,by giving wild time a go\". So despite the complicated world that young people grow up in now,it seems that going back to basics and experiencing\"nature's playground\"is what modern children need.David Bond from Project Wild Thing says,\"We need to make more space for wild time in children's daily routine,freeing this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted\". This might sound a bit old fashioned to you or maybe,like me,it's made you think about sticking on your boots,getting outdoors and reliving your childhood.There's no age limit on enjoying yourself! \n Answer: Wild time for children",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-773256fd74434236b49356330de3b117",
            "input": "Article: A dog might be man's best friend, but my dogs are more like my kids! I think everyone should experience the unconditional love of a dog, but owning one is not for the nervousness. It's work--especially when it comes to the job of cleaning up their waste. When you clean up after your dogs, your neighbors will love you for keeping those smelly landmines out of their yards. But there are even bigger benefits. You'll not only be doing your part to keep bacteria out of your yard and neighborhood, you're also keeping harmful microorganisms away from the drinking water supply. There are more than 77 million pet dogs in the United States and their waste is found in backyards, neighborhood parks, and the green areas that frequently line small waterways. When you don't clean up after your dog, heavy rain can carry bacteria from the waste into drains. Dog waste left in parks and other such places can be swept directly into nearby streams. This affects the quality of the water in our streams. These small channels often empty directly into our local drinking water supply or the water where we boat or fish. Dog waste contains harmful microorganisms like roundworms that can be passed onto humans. This is why dog waste should not be used as fertilizer around your home. And it won't fertilize your yard either if you leave it behind like other types of fertilizer. Dogs don't eat the same kinds of natural material that cattle, horses or even elephants eat. The waste from those animals is actually beneficial for your yard and garden. You should always pick up after your dog and throw the waste into the trash can. Some smaller cities might prefer the waste to be washed down the toilet, but in cities where there are many dogs, it's best to send the waste to the landfill. When you properly deal with your dog's waste, you'll be doing your part to keep harmful bacteria out of your yards, your neighborhoods and your drinking water. \n Answer: Dog waste is more beneficial to soil than other kinds of animal waste.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about dog waste is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-696218bcb9c349b782a4a259acf2db0d",
            "input": "Article: As graduation draws near, those who haven't landed a job yet may be desperate to find one. Perhaps some of the job offers they have received are below their skill and experience levels. Is it better to take these offers, or reject them and remain unemployed? Recently, David Pedulla, a University of Texas sociologist, conducted a study about how taking a job below your skill level could affect your future employment. In the study, Pedulla developed resumes for imaginary job applicants. The job seekers he created had a few things in common. They had a college degree, worked nearly two years at their first job, and about 4.5 years at their second job. What differed was their third job in the most recent year. They either had a full-time job that matched their skills, a part-time job below their skill levels, or were unemployed. Then Pedulla submitted 2,420 resumes based on his imaginary job seekers, along with cover letters, to online ads for 1,210 real jobs. Each applicant had a real phone number that employers could contact if they were interested in talking with the applicant further. The callback rates varied widely based on how the imaginary job seekers had spent their last year. The applicants who had full-time jobs the previous year were called back 10.4 percent of the time. Those whose most recent year of employment was in a job below their skill levels were only called back about 5 percent. Male applicants unemployed for a year were called back 4.2 percent of the time, while the figure is 7.5 percent for unemployed females. However, Pedulla cautioned that the experiment only measured the initial interest of employers in his fictional job candidates, not whether the employers would hire them or what they would be paid based on their most recent job experiences. \n Answer: The applicants' resumes and phone numbers are created by Pedulla.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is NOT true about Pedulla's experiment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ee78aaa6a25f423790b736ccee524d24",
            "input": "Article: talent, but his contributions includes many of today's social insurance programs. During the middle German Prime Minister Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian sympathy for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse  to get the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world's first workers' compensation  law in 1884. By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers' compensation insurance. America's injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers' compensation law in this country passed in 1911, and the program soon spread throughout the nation. After World War II, benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers' compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states' average weekly wages. In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states' average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 per cent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers' compensation system, it's not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie. \n Answer: The support of the socialist labor movement.",
            "output": [
                "What probably contributed to Bismarck's introduction of the world's first workers' compensation law?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-da7a3a1ed2a54c64ba485f862388da95",
            "input": "Article: Jack Andraka from Maryland won the grand prize at the 2012 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. It is the largest high school science competition in the world. The Maryland teenager is the youngest winner of the $75,000 prize. He was chosen from among 1,500 students in 70 countries. Jack Andraka invented a test for pancreatic cancer  . He started to learn it after losing a close family friend to the disease. \"I went on the Internet and I found that 85%of all pancreatic cancers are found late, when someone has less than 2% chance of survival , \" he says, \"and I was thinking,' That's not right. We should be able to do something.'\" He found that early discovery is important to increasing the chances of surviving the disease. The Maryland teenager asked to work in a laboratory at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore and was allowed. There he developed a simple paper test, which can recognize the disease in a single drop of blood. His test has proved correct 90% of the time. It also is 100 times more sensitive than other tests. \"It costs 3 cents per test, and then it takes only 5 minutes to run,\" he said. Jack's success wouldn't have been possible without Anirban Maitra, a professor at Johns Hopkins. He was the only person among the 200 researchers Jack wrote to who showed interest in his project. \"I was very surprised that this was a 15-year-old who was writing this. I wanted to meet this clever young man and see what he wanted to talk about and so I called him over for an interview . \" Jack worked in Professor Maitra's laboratory, completing his project in 7 months. The government has given the Maryland teenager patent rights to the pancreatic cancer test. He is now talking with companies about developing the test into a simple product. Whatever happens, the professor believes Jack Andraka's name is one we will be hearing again over the next 10 to 20 years. \n Answer: Doubts about the present test.",
            "output": [
                "What made Jack Andraka research pancreatic cancer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2ef759ce7ef24499ab9aad01c3eba0b2",
            "input": "Article: Metro Pocket Guide  _   Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out . Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer . Farecard machines are in every station. Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change. Get one ticket of unlimited Metrorall rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9:30 a,m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays .  _  Open: 5 a.m. Mon.-Fri.          7 a.m. Sat.-Sun. Close : midnight Sun .-Thurs.     3 a.m.Fri.-Sat. nights Last train times vary. To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train times posted in stations.  _  When paying with exact charge , the fare is $1.35. When paying with a SmarTripRcard , the fare is 1.25.  _  Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip Rcard . For more information about buying senior/disabled farecard, SmarTripRcards and passes, please visit MetroOpensDoors .com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000. Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-062-1100. Travel tips   . Avoid riding during weekday rush periods -before 9:30 a.m. and between 4 and 6p.m. . If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost &Found at 202-962-1195 . \n Answer: They make change for no more than $5.",
            "output": [
                "What should you know about farecard machines?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6622edde9777424fbfb5e90d2cad32eb",
            "input": "Article: SYDNEY (AFP) Nick Bryant reports: \"It gives me great pleasure to introduce the new caretaker of the islands of the Great Barrier Reef, from the United Kingdom, Ben Southall.\"  A global recruitment  drive with the trappings of a TV reality show made it truly a tourism marketing campaign.  The best job in the world's competition finally has a winner, Ben Southall, a 34-year-old charity worker from Britain. He beat 34,000 candidates from 200 countries in an online competition that became something of an Internet phenomenon.  \"To go away now as the island caretaker for Tourism Queensland and the Great Barrier Reef is an extreme honour. I hope I can fill the boots as much as everybody is expecting, my swimming hopefully is up to standard and I look forward to all of the new roles and responsibilities that the task involves.\" [Ben Southall]  For a disappointing Australian tourism industry currently in the  _ , this has been an unexpected encouragement. Tourism Queensland deliberately chose the middle of winter of the northern globe to launch the campaign back in January, but didn't expect anywhere near the global response. They think the only countries where people didn't visit their website was North Korea and a few African nations. What's said to be the best job in the world comes with a $110,000 (about 750,000 yuan) contract for six months' work, a luxury beachside home and a plunge pool.  In return, the island caretaker will be expected to stroll  the white sands, enjoy the sun, diving and taking care of the reef, \"maybe clean the pool\"-- and report to a global audience via weekly blogs , photo diaries and video updates. For the losers meanwhile, there's the worst of long journeys home. \n Answer: The organizers knew the activity would attract attention from all over the world",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-de06de30a0ff4ccb8be43f5212cfb96c",
            "input": "Article: People are different. Some are _ . These people are outgoing, confident, and know the \"gift of the gab\". They also feel very comfortable when in groups of people. Unfortunately we have the other extreme. This is the introvert. The introvert feels sick in crowds, and does not like them. These people feel awkward in the crowds, when placed in this type of situation. Many introverts are shy and lack confidence. They need to get used to people, and want to run away when questioned by people. The introvert feels very lonely in a crowd, but this could happen to the outgoing  as well. I think that I fall into the middle of the two kinds. Sometimes if I am comfortable about the type of people in the crowds, I feel welcome. If for some reason the crowd consists of different types of people, then I do not feel very comfortable in the crowd. So what do I do when I suddenly feel lost and alone in the crowd? I try to calm my mind by taking deep breath and telling myself that even this will pass. I then try, and get away from the crowd by making excuses or even trying to get to my car and go home. This, of course, is a poor excuse and doesn't often work well. These are excuses that are employed. The ones that I am not so proud of are acting like I have an emergency to go to. This is a very good lie, but I feel really bad afterwards. I have tried this one, and have succeeded. I try and find someone who feels just like I do. I then try and make a new friend. Sometimes this works and sometimes it does not. This is quite a noble way of staying in the crowd. \n Answer: What do you do when you suddenly feel lonely in a crowd?",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2df37745d7f44a20a7e8bf7997421354",
            "input": "Article: Small talk is meaningless conversation in terms of content,but is often seen as socially important in certain situations,or context.In many English-speaking countries,it can be viewed as rude or unfriendly not to make small talk. Discussing the weather with people who you don't really know is an example of small talk that many of us are very familiar with on a daily basis.We may chat about the weather with the cashier at the supermarket or with the attendant at the gas station.Small talk may also be related to the situation such as waiting in line.People in the line may comment to others about how slow it is in the post office or bank that day,for instance.We also engage in small talk with people we may see every day but don't really know such as those we share the elevator with in our office building. Small talk is common at parties when guests may know the host but not each other.It is considered rude not to mingle and speak with other guests at social functions,so small talk can break the ice and get guests chatting.Compliments may be a type of small talk such as one woman at party complimenting another on her dress. Some people like small talk because they find silence uncomfortable and/or they enjoy communicating verbally.Others enjoy meeting new people and use small talk to start conversations. When making small talk,especially with strangers or those you don't know very well,it's important to observe certain socially acceptable conventions.First,small talk should be general and not personal or about controversial topics. Second,while compliments are acceptable,they shouldn't refer to the person's body or sound like a pick-up line. \n Answer: Light topics.",
            "output": [
                "What do people usually talk about in small talk?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a89dfbd772664bf285438467a8fe8dff",
            "input": "Article: Airport Information Name:Copenhagen Airport Location: Located 8km southeast of Copenhagen(capital of Denmark) No. of terminals:4 Disabled facilities: Copenhagen Airport is physically accessible throughout. Wheelchair-accessible toilets and reserved seating are provided and dedicated parking spaces are available. Passengers with disabilities are requesited to inform their airline in avdance about their needs. *Car Parking: There are more than 10,000 car parking spaces in short-, medium- and long-term car parks at Copenhagen Airport. The P6, P7, and P8 areas offer short-term options directly linked terminals 2 and 3. Medium-term rates are avaiable in P1, P2, P5, P8, P10 and P12, which are all  ly near the terminal buildings. Economy long-term parking is available at P15 and P17, a little further from the terminals (free tasnsit buses sre provided). The airport parking office is located between Terminals 2 and 3 and is open 24 hours. *Public Transport Rail; There are direct high-speed trains to Copenhagen Central station(journey time: 14 minutes; fare; Kr36), as well as a number of other destination in Denmark and Sweden. The station and ticket office are situated in Terminal 3. Metro: The Metro M2 line connects to the city center (journey time: 14 minutes;fare: Kr24). The station is situated in Terminal 3, from which tickets can be purchased. Bus: Several buses(5A, 35 and 36)run from Copenhagen Airport to the city center(journey time: about 55 minutes; fare:Kr 30)and beyond. Taxi: Taxis are readily available from ranks outside the arrival areas of Terminal 1, 2 and 3. The ride into Copenhagen takes about 15 to 20 minutes, and prices start from Kr250. \n Answer: Park your car in P15 or P17 and then take a transit bus to the terminal",
            "output": [
                "If you want to park you're your car at the airport for a long time, what should you do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5569d8fd3b6a4762afcd6795fb001515",
            "input": "Article: You may have heard that a young man named Abner Doubleday invented the game known as baseball in Cooperstown, New York, during the summer of 1839. Doubleday then went on to become a Civil War hero, while baseball became America's beloved national pastime. Not only is that story untrue, it's not even in the ballpark( place for baseball).Doubleday was still at West Point in 1839, and he never claimed to have anything to do with baseball. In 1907, a special commission  created by the sporting goods merchant and former major league player A. J. Spalding used weak evidence-namely the claims of one man, mining engineer Abner Graves-to come up with the Doubleday origin story. Cooperstown businessmen and major league officials would rely on the myth's lasting power in the 1930s, when they established the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in the village. As it turns out, the real history of baseball is a little more complicated than the Doubleday legend. References to games resembling  baseball in the United States date hack to the 18th century .its most direct ancestors appear to be two English games: rounder a( a children's game brought to New England by the earliest colonists) and cricket. By the time of the American Revolution, variations  of such games were being played on schoolyards and college campuses across the country. They became even more popular in newly industrialized cities where men sought work in the mid-19th century-.In September 1845, a group of New York City men founded the New York Knickerbocker Baseball Club .One of them would make a new set of rules that would form the basis for modern baseball. Cartwright's changes made the game faster-paced and more challenging from older games like cricket. In 1846, the Knickerbockers : played the first official game of baseball against a team of cricket players, beginning a new, uniquely American tradition. \n Answer: Because Abner Craves worked with Doubleday.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the Doubleday origin story come up?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b70d1caaa8dc4528a2b086193a790eeb",
            "input": "Article: Reading for pleasure is declining among primary-age pupils, and increasing numbers of \"time poor\" parents are dropping the practice of sharing bedtime stories with their children once they start school. Research presented to a conference last week found that, while parents read to preschoolers, this later tails off, and by the final year of primary school only around 2% read to their children every day. Once children can read skillfully, parents tend to step back, and this usually happens at the age of seven or eight. The report also found that 82% of teachers blame the government's \"target--driven\" education policies for the fact that fewer children are reading for pleasure. They believe that a straitjacket   of strictly organized schooling is containing young people's ability to read more widely. Two-thirds of teachers surveyed said they lacked time in the school day to introduce a variety of books and that this was a \"major obstacle to being able to develop a level of reading\". Teachers also cited as main factors the reduction in the number of school librarians, who could put interesting books before children, and the rise in \"screen time\", switching children from reading to playing games. The majority of teachers said the curriculum's     \" emphasis on reading as a skill to be  mastered\" was increasing the pressure. This was _ by parents who saw reading just as a focus of learning, a skill critical to career advancement in a competitive world. Reading habits and the digital revolution in publishing were key topics of debate at the conference. The theme of the lack of British culture was supported by children's writer Frank Cottrell Boyce, who wrote the scripts( ) for the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2012 Olympics. \"We discovered the whole nation had forgotten that they did the industrial revolution,\" he said. \"Books are so central to it; books can be written by anyone. A lot of the pleasure of a book is listening to somebody read it to you. \" \"We found a real love of reading among teachers, and a strong desire ,to encourage more   children to read for pleasure ,\"said Rob Cheney,\" However, the teachers also had an overpowering sense of frustration with their situation.\" \"Touch-screen phone and tablets ( )are naturally attractive to children ,\" the survey Said ,and predicted a period of awkwardness as everyone else adapts . By 2018, children's television will have adopted the presence of this second screen, and it \"will be strange not to have children, at home drawing along on tablets and then having these appearing live in the show \". The hope is \"that user-friendly screens could, if material is adapted and downloaded easily, present an opportunity for more ambitious publishing - for example, books children can either read or choose to have read to them; or digital books with moving pictures instead of photos to clarify factual and scientific points. Parental controls that are easy to use would be key, the conference was told, such as \"a warning for when devices use the Wi-Fi, especially after bedtimes\", to allow parents to shut off access to children in the home. \n Answer: Parents think it unnecessary to do so when children can read themselves.",
            "output": [
                "What leads to parents' dropping the practice of sharing bedtime stories with their children?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a9f500e65ae94ef5986d2eab075b8018",
            "input": "Article: While children are dogs---loyal and affectionate  --teenagers are cats.  It's so easy to be a dog owner. You feed it, train it, and boss it around. It puts its head on your knee and gazes at you as if you were a Rembrandt painting. It bounds indoors with enthusiasm when you call it. Then around age 13, your adoring little puppy turns into a big old cat.  When you tell it to come inside, it looks amazed, as if wondering who died and made you emperor. Instead of dogging your doorsteps, it disappears. You won't see it again until it gets hungry--then it pauses on its sprint through the kitchen long enough to turn its nose up at whatever you're serving. when you reach out to ruffle its head, in that old affectionate gesture, it twists away from you, then gives you a blank stare, as if trying to remember where it has seen you before. You, not realizing that the dog is now a cat, think something must be desperately wrong with it.  It seems so antisocial, so distant, sort of depressed. It won't go on family outings. Since you are the one who raised it, taught it to fetch and stay and sit on command, you assume that you did something wrong.  Flooded with guilt and fear, you redouble your efforts to make your pet behave. Only now you're dealing with a cat, so everything that worked before now produces the opposite of the desired result.  Call it, and it runs away. Tell it to sit, and it jumps on the counter. The more you go toward it, wringing your hands, the more it moves away. Put a dish of food near the door, and let it come to you.  But remember that a cat needs your help and your affection too. Sit still, and it will come, seeking that warm, comforting lap it has not entirely forgotten. Be there to open the door for it. One day your grown-up child will walk into the kitchen, give you a big kiss and say, \"You've been on your feet all day.  Let me get those dishes for you. \" Then you'll realize your cat is a dog again. \n Answer: excitedly",
            "output": [
                "When you call a dog, how will it probably react to you?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b824d9923eed4b49b090a76d6c9462f6",
            "input": "Article: Jayson McCarthy, 12, was born without fingers on his left hand. That didn't stop him from being able to do many tasks. But Jayson could not grasp more than one object at a time. So Jayson 's father, Paul, created a Prosthesis , using a 3D printer. Now Jayson has fingers that open and close. \"It was a do-it-yourself, father-and-son adventure,\" says Paul. When Jayson was a baby, his doctor advised his parents not to give him a prosthetic hand until he was in his early teens. \"The doctor said Jayson should first learn to get full use out of the hand he was born with,\" says Paul. As Jayson got older, his father looked into _ a prosthetic hand, which can cost as much as $30,000. Paul found a more affordable solution. One day, Paul discovered a video on the Internet about Robohand, a prosthesis created with a 3D printer. He downloaded the free instructions and called Robohand's creators for advice. They told him all he needed was a 3D printer--which costs around $2,000--and some materials. Luckily, Jayson 's school had recently purchased a 3D printer and it offered to help Paul build the hand for Jayson n. \"We used a soccer shinguard , cardboard , and tape. They cost about $10,\" says paul. With his new hand, Jayson can do things better. \"I can help my mom more, because now I can carry two grocery bags,\" he says. Jayson 's father has already built several hands for Jayson. Jayson helps design each one. He says there's one thing in particular that he wants to do with a future prosthesis. \"The goal,\" he says, \"is to be able to tie my shoelaces .\" \n Answer: The original hand could do many tasks.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jayson 's doctor disapprove of  his using a prosthesis in his childhood?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d9e4781c78c463abe34cdc85f72b0ff",
            "input": "Article: Recently, I took part in the first strategic planning meeting at school. I didn't know what strategic planning meant when I was invited. So I set about trying to find out what it was. Later, I learnt it meant setting short and long term goals . The meeting took place in Ms Gallup's room on Tuesday after school. I really didn't know what to expect. I was very nervous ,but I felt very lucky to have been included. I really wanted to do the best I could. The desks in the room were laid out into two circles so that the upper school and lower school could be divided. There were fifteen students in the room. We were directed to discuss how to _ the school, what we'd like to be taught, and what we thought could be improved upon. I felt this was a very important responsibility  as I was representing the fourth grade. So I tried to do the best I could. There were a lot of suggestions on how to improve our school. One student felt that the uniform sweater policy was really important and another student felt that building a paintable field would help improve the school greatly. I suggested that we should have Chinese classes because China is the most highly populated place on Earth with a growing industrial power. We should learn how to communicate with the Chinese . We discussed a lot and sometimes the discussion became heated, but they were interesting. I think it is amazing that the teacher asked the students about their opinions and gave us a voice. It is exciting if they adopt any of our suggestions. \n Answer: It means setting short and long term goals.",
            "output": [
                "What dose the strategic planning mean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-542f3febd285461e9f315dec4b7869a6",
            "input": "Article: One of the latest trend  in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004. And that's true all across the country. \"I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age\" Joseph Stocke, the managing director of s company, says of his 2-year old son. \"I would at least like to  give him the chance to use the language in the future,\" After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says. Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China. She didn't want her children to miss out on their roots.\" Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to  the language and culture.\" she says. \"Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,\" says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of Children.\"But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders.  Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.\" The popularity if au pairs from china has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years. \n Answer: A young foreign woman taking care of children.",
            "output": [
                "What does that term\" au pair\" in the text mean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dfd31345f1ec4a548576ac48b14a4724",
            "input": "Article: High-tech machines have made life easier for millions around the world. However, some people still prefer low-tech ways of doing things. Here's an example of why this is happening. You can microwave a frozen hamburger in 60 seconds. However, it won't taste as good as one you cook on the stove. And if you're in that much of a hurry, you probably won't take time to toast the bun. High-tech cooking saves time, but it doesn't make for better-tasting meals. Most people get their news from high-tech sources like television or the Internet. This has many advantages. For example, electronic news is more up to date than newspapers or magazines. It's also more exciting to see live and videotaped news events than photographs. However, newspapers and magazines have some important advantages. They give more background and details. They also let you read the parts that are important to you and skip the rest. Other high-tech timesavers have similar disadvantages. For examples, most people use the phone or e-mail to stay in touch with friends and family members who live in other places. But when you use the Internet or the phone, you don't always think carefully about what you are saying, and sometimes you forget the important things you want to communicate. Similarly, when you word-process a homework assignment instead of handwriting it, you can check your spelling electronically and put in fancy headings. However, some students are so busy with the computer that they don't pay enough attention to the actual words they are writing. \n Answer: Low-tech cooking produces better-tasting meals.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c6cd558e8b454b9190cd9a916e64f1f5",
            "input": "Article: Two girls living next door to each other-a seemingly plain scene that has two very different life .stories behind it. Chi Zhen, an 18-year-old student in Seville, Spain, used his camera to tell the story of two lives, which went widespread online. Comments on the photos indicate that they have inspired many, to believe that the future is in their own hands. Chi has seen many youths living life without a goal, wasting their time and blaming bad luck for it. Feeling regret for them, he took a series of photos of his friends Veronica and Anna Maria, both freshmen at the University of Seville in Spain. They live completely different life styles and are getting opposite results. Chi hopes the photos will inspire those who have let go of their own fate  . In the photos, Anna Maria, a Spanish girl, can be seen watching a TV programme . She spends most of her time in front of her laptop. She rarely goes out, because she thinks she's not attractive and doesn't know what to say in social situations. \"'I'm not as lucky as Veronica,\" she often says. But she doesn't know that while she's wasting time watching TV, -Veronica, the \"lucky\" girl next door,has taught herself four foreign languages and traveled to many places. She goes to the library frequently  and her extensive knowledge and experience allow her to take part in any conversation and become the center of attention. Chi thinks that Anna Maria resembles many of his Chinese .friends who study abroad. They are trapped to their little circles, never trying to change their fate./'They say 'maybe I'll do it in my next life', but they are in their 20s, their best time. How can they give up hope and accept this as their life?\" Chi says. The influence of the photos has gone far beyond what Chi expected. One user commented on his photos on Renren.com, saying, \"A wall separates two worlds, and the life we have depends on what we do.\" Another is determined to make a change right away. \"I'm turning off my laptop and not watching TV anymore,\" he wrote. \n Answer: Tales of two opposite lives",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-053faa0a715945dd846901a5322d199a",
            "input": "Article: When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn't very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn't catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, \"Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish\", I remember being even more upset then because, \"I'm not a fish!\" I didn't know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does? As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don't have any eyelids  and the sun huts their eyes... The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.. When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, \"We all need to think like sales people.\" But it didn't completely make sense. My dad never once said, \"If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.\" What he said was, \"You need to think like a fish.\" Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters. \n Answer: He could not catch a fish.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-057d91c15b2e4dc39e259710ce2f96e1",
            "input": "Article: Willy, a merchant, returned home to his own country from a faraway continent, where he had succeeded making a small fortune by hard work. He found on arriving at the port that all his  s were having a large party. He was in such a happy mood and in the joy of the moment, he did not even bother changing his grey flannel suit which had become a little worn during the trip home. When he entered the brilliantly lit room, his  s and friends gave him a rather cold welcome because they had noticed his modest suit and immediately imagined that he had come back a poor man. A young man who happened to be accompanying him was quite  _ at this and said to Willy, \"What a wonderful reception you have received from these people. They have not even the intention of shaking your hand after all these years that you have been away from home.\" \"Just wait and see!\" whispered Willy, \"They will soon change their looks!\" Saying this he slipped a precious ring on his finger. All of a sudden the faces of all those present lit up and immediately Willy was surrounded by so many people that he didn't know what to do. A man shook his hand, a cousin threw his arms around him, and he had so many invitations from the people present that he thought he would be unable to make any other appointments for several years. \"Has this beautiful, precious ring of yours the power of magic people?\" asked the young man. \"Oh, no!\" replied Willy, \"They see in this glittering diamond ring something that makes them think I am rich, and, unfortunately, they place wealth above everything else.\" \"What blind people!\" exclaimed the young man. \"It is not the ring that has drawn them to you but their desire for riches. Is it possible to appreciate more a piece of yellow metal surrounded by little stones than the goodness of my Lord? And indeed how foolish are people who place their trust in riches rather than in virtues !\" \n Answer: In travel-soiled clothes.",
            "output": [
                "In what way did Willy go to attend the party held by his  s and friends?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-23380838cc3f45829f897803cdd3cb21",
            "input": "Article: Dr Asim Syed, 32, has performed more than 100 operations at London's Hammersmith Hospital in the country's busiest transplant unit, but never imagined that he would one day become a donor himself. He stepped forward when was told his 64-year-old mother might be dead within months unless she got a new kidney  . The worried surgeon brought her to London to be cared for at his hospital. However, it was not all plain sailing. Tests showed Dr Syed was the wrong blood group, so the only way was to go through a special blood-washing process. He consulted colleagues about that, but they didn't agree, because the risk of rejection is still too high. Dr Syed and his mother were then advised to consider a new way of donating and receiving, called an organ-paired. That is, Dr Syed donated his kidney to an unknown person and another donor in the chain was a successful match for his mother. The chain of three transplants took place at the same time on July 31 with Dr Syed's kidney going to a recipient in the Midlands and Mrs. Syed receiving her kidney from a person in the south of England. Just hours after donating his own kidney, Dr Syed found himself recovering in bed next to his mother. Mrs Syed said, \"When I came round from my operation Asim was in the next bed and the first thing he said was, 'Mum now all your worries are over.' Tears fell down.\" Now mother and son are recovering well with Dr Syed already back at work. Mrs. Syed is staying with him for several months while the hospital monitors her progress. He said, \"I did what anyone would do when they see a relative suffering disease. Although I wasn't able to help mum directly, by agreeing to be part of a chain, I was also very happy.\" \n Answer: Dr Syed was the wrong blood group.",
            "output": [
                "Why isn't it a plain sailing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-956d02336c7443ad9e22043cafa0fc17",
            "input": "Article: Bend over, take a deep breath and drink some water! This is just one of hundreds of tips you might get if you have the hiccups  .Hiccups are so mysterious.We really don't know why they start and why they stop. Everyone has a favorite cure for a case of the hiccups.Some people think that a good scare is necessary to get well.Others eat a teaspoon of sugar.Still others drink a glass of water with a knife in it. An American man named Jack O'Leary said he had hiccupped 160 million times over a period of eight years.He tried 60,000 cures, but none of them worked.At last he prayed to Saint Jude, the saint of Hopeless cases, and his hiccupping stopped immediately. It took a British plumber eight months to cure his hiccups.People from all over the world wrote him letters with suggestions for getting well.He tried them all, but the hiccups continued.Finally, he drank a \"secret\" mixture someone had sent him.By that evening his hiccups were gone. Why did these cures work for these two men? No one really knows.But people who have studied many cases of hiccups have an idea--hiccups usually go away if you believe in the cure. \n Answer: He prayed to Saint Jude.",
            "output": [
                "How did Jack O'Leary stop his hiccups?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c8ec78a50fe746fab59916c2b3928eb8",
            "input": "Article: If you haven't seen or heard anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you've probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive dnriving or Road Rage recently if you drive at all. While drunk driving remains a critical problem,the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance,according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year.of those deaths,the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior. Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago?Experts have certain theories,and all are probably partially correct.One suggestion is over crowding.In the last decade,the number of the cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent,and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent.However,the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent.That means more cars in the same amount of space;and the problem is even serious in urban areas.Also,people have less time and more things to do.With people working and trying to fit extra chores and activities into the day,street levels have never been higher.Stress creates anxiety,which leads to short tempers.These factors,when combined in certain situations,Can _ Road Rage. You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively,but you might be surprised.For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver,sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing?If you recognize yourself in any of these situations,watch out! Whether you are getting angry at other drivers,or another driver is visibly upset with you,there are things you can do to avoid any major conflict.If you are easily influenced to Road Rage,the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way.If You are the target of another driver's rage,do everything possible to get away from me other drive safely,including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way. www.sdzxlm.com \n Answer: Quickly increasing cars and slowly increasing new road miles",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage,what are the causes of overcrowding?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0cedc11c2324419082e37baf7629e00b",
            "input": "Article: Lee's mother Sun became unexpectedly pregnant while married to a disabled man. Doctors told her that because of a medication she had been taking her child would not be normal. She chose to continue with the pregnancy and in 1985 in Seoul, South Korea, little Hee Ah Lee was born with only two fingers on each hand, disfigurement of her legs, and slight brain injury. The hospital told Sun that she could not care for the child at home and her relatives wanted her to place the child for adoption in a foreign country. Sun, however, thought her baby would live a successful life. When Lee was a pre-schooler, Sun wanted her daughter to take piano lessons for two reasons. One was that she felt it would help her strengthen her hands so she could hold a pencil. The other was that she felt that if she could master the piano, she could master anything. For six months piano schools turned them down and then the one teacher who did accept the task got discouraged and wanted to quit. It was a three-month contest of wills between mother and daughter that led to a conflict in which Sun actually threw her daughter on the floor in frustration. But Lee got back up on the piano bench and for the first time played a children's song. That was the turning point and one year later Lee won the grand prize in a piano concert for Kindergartners. It was at the age of 7 that Lee won Korea's 19th National Handicap Conquest Contest and was presented with her award by the President of Korea. Lee has won numerous awards, and is a widely traveled concert pianist with more than 200 appearances. Her first album titled \"Hee-ah, a Pianist with Four Fingers\" was released in June, 2008. Lee speaks highly of her mother for challenging her to master the piano and said that although her training was difficult, \"As time went by, the piano became my source of inspiration and my best friend.\" \n Answer: stubborn and devoted",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can best describe Sun?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7f5052b3802a4a408e7a850d1ba56f4f",
            "input": "Article: The human body is designed to move. But modern lifestyles and office jobs rarely give us the chance to move around. As we know. we're while we're eating; we sit in the car and we sit while we watch TV. And many of us sit for many hours at work. New research shows that sitting less than three hours a day might extend your life by two years. Peter Katzmarzyk,a scientist at the University of Louisiana in the southern United States,says that sitting is ubiquitous in our lives,meaning it is something we do all the time,everywhere. However,Mr. Katzmarzyk says that does not mean you can sit for the rest of your waking hours. He also says you may exercise often,\"We can't throw away physical activity. It's extremely important. We have 60 years of research showing us that. \" Mr. Katzmarzyk and his coi leagues are part of a new generation of researchers studying how sitting all day affects length of life. \"Studies that have assessed the relationship between sitting and mortality or television viewing and mortality are very rare. There's only been a few of them,actually five or six now,in the last four or five years. \"They found that cutting television time to less than two hours a day could add one-point four years to life. Luckily,change is already coming to some offices,especially in the design of desks. A \"standing desk\"lets people stand while they work. Another new design is called the \"treadmill desk. \" A treadmill is an exercise machine that lets you walk in one place. Even some U. S. schools are beginning to experiment with desks that are part bicycle to keep children moving. That's one of the strategies that many companies are using now. Mr. Katzmarzyk also says studying this problem has inspired his team to make a few changes in their own lives. \n Answer: Exercise is important and don't sit too long.",
            "output": [
                "Which view agrees with the opinion of Mr. Katzmarzyk?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f051a51974124b12ae1983b1f715a83d",
            "input": "Article: You might say that Barack Obama was elected President of the US because he knows how to give a speech. In 2004, the little-known Obama gave a speech at the Democratic National Convention  . It was a great speech -- poetic, and inspiring. The people who heard it would remember it for a long time. Since 2004, Obama has written and delivered thousands of speeches. There are usually praised for two reasons: he treats the audiences like intelligent adults, and he is able to express complicated ideas in a straightforward, natural way. Before becoming President, Obama was a lawyer, a college professor, and a successful writer - his two memoirs   have become best sellers. The skills he needed to succeed in his previous jobs have also contributed to his success as a speechmaker. As a lawyer, Obama learned how to make strong, convincing arguments. As a professor, he learned how to explain complex subjects in ways that helped students understand without boring them. As a writer, he learned how to use languages to have a powerful influence on his audience. A famous American musician even turned one of Obama's early speeches into a song during the election campaign. Secret weapons of Obama Writing team: Obama has a team of people who write his speeches. The writers chat with Obama for hours about what he wants to say. Then listen to recordings of past presidential addresses and seek advice from advisers. Obama usually edits and rewrites the drafts several times. Make fun of the guests: Obama starts his speech by gently making fun of his guests. His opening lines attract the audience's attention while giving them an opportunity to relax and laugh at themselves and each other. Make fun of himself: Obama laughs at his past mistakes and is never afraid of showing them to the public. Obama delivers speeches to audiences large and small. He can make his audiences laugh or cry. His speeches are always thoughtful, well written and just right for each occasion. \n Answer: They analyze the speeches given by former US Presidents.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Obama's writing team according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b93f8b6a0fe748b4a5f0dea517287c49",
            "input": "Article: \"We are good mothers,\" I said to my friend, as we sat on our comfortable beach chairs under our beach umbrella and watched our children playing in the waves. Out of nowhere, the children took off running. About fifty yards from us, a man--maybe in his fifties--was fishing. The children stood next to him and watched with their little mouths hanging open as he cast the fishing lines. He smiled at them. They ran back to us--all except my three-year-old daughter, Drew. My heart beat fast with horror. \"Drew! Come here! Play with your friends!\" I shouted, very aware that my speeches about not talking to strangers weren't working. It seemed that many parents heard of horrible stories about children being taken away by strangers. Responsible mothers should teach their children that the world is a dangerous place. So I felt relieved   when Drew ran towards me and took hold of a shovel  . Then she looked me in the eye: \"I want to be with the person.\" Again, she approached the middle-aged man, and started digging next to him. Several seconds later, she returned, waving something shiny. \"Look, Mommy! A toy fish!\" It was, indeed, a toy fish--yellow and rubber. This must have been what he was using to attract the fish. And he'd given it to Drew. The three other children were deeply impressed, and they didn't try to hide how jealous they were--clearly, they all wanted the fish. \"My friend gave me that fish!\" Drew shouted loudly. The sand in front of the umbrella turned into a preschool cage match with a yellow rubber fish flying through the air. I felt like I might cry myself. Unexpectedly, there he was: the man, standing right next to us with three more rubber fish in hand. He handed them to each of the children. By their faces, you would have thought he was actually the really kind big brother. \"Thank you,\" I said, realizing that there is good and kindness in strangers. \n Answer: Calm",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel when Drew stood beside the man?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-55946efafeb54c0f9b58e2527ca1fc82",
            "input": "Article: Encouraging early reading skills can build a path to a lifelong love of reading and can help your child get a head start in school. While reading to your child is still the most important thing you can do to build reading skills, there are many techniques that can help. Make reading fun. Play games with your child as you read. Many traditional children's games can be adapted to encourage reading skills. While reading or during play, tell your child, \"I spy with my little eye, something that begins with the letter \"b\". Help the child find something on the page or in the room that begins with that letter. For example, \"I see a barn.\" This can also be used to teach beginning letter sounds.Ispy with my little eye something that begins with the sound \"s\". Help the child find a word that begins with the \"s\" sound. In this variation on the popular game, instruct the child that, \"Simon says, point to something that starts with the letter \"n\". The child can then find an object in the room or a body part, such as the nose, that starts with the letter presented. This can also be used to teach beginning sounds. Make a game out of rhyming   words by making up silly words to rhyme with the child's name or favorite toys. This sets the stage for rhyming real words by showing the child the similarities of sounds. As the child masters making up the words, begin rhyming real words to one another. Tips to raise a successful reader: Put books in places where the child plays. If books are easily _ , children are more likely to pick them up. Let children \"read to you\" by looking at pictures. Making up stories to go along with illustrations helps children discover how words relate to pictures. Take books along on trips or even short visits to the doctor's office or grocery store. Have children help you shop. Reading grocery lists and looking for specific items helps build vocabulary. \n Answer: A good reading habit can benefit your child at school.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-17b059d7d1b74fcbbfe36679e04932ee",
            "input": "Article: The robot moved into the fighting ring  with confidence.Then it turned around quickly and knocked itself over. The team of Scouts  that built the 8-inch -tall machine immediately realized one arm was too long.They would have to work fast---practice time was over , and the real robot  matches were about to begin . \"We tried to fix it , but by that time , the other teams had more advanced technology ,\" says Eagle Scout Matthew Patchen , 16. \"They were a couple of steps ahead of us .\" In the end , Matthew's team didn't win the robot competition . But they had a great time working on their Robotics merit badges  at the 2011 Advance Camp in Antioch , Calif . Advance Camp is held the last Saturday in September at the Contra Costa County Fairgrounds in Antioch, Calif.Nearly 1,500 Scouts attended in 2011 and worked on different merit badges .Scouts choose from more than 50 merit -badge classes taught by counselors  .They can earn merit badges from Fingerprinting to Nuclear Science to Swimming .Robotics is the most popular class . First , one of the counselors talked to Matthew and the other Scouts in his Robotic class about the many different uses for robots . \"I learned how advanced it really is ,\" Matthew says . \"Robots are used in medicine and industry .\" After the talk , the Scouts were divided into five-person teams . Each team was required to build a basic robot . The next step was programming the tiny computer in the robot so it would make the right moves once it was in the ring . \"We programmed our robot so its arm was moving all the time ,\" Matthew says . \"That way , it would knock the other robot over.\" . That's when they discovered the arm on their robot was too long . As a result , their robot knocked itself over before it could fight with any other robots . \"It was a learning experience ,\" Matthew says . \"You have to think ahead.\" \n Answer: Their robot had the shortest arm .",
            "output": [
                "Why did Matthew's team lose the robot competition ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a6647853f8a54fbca6e3cabf5b60db59",
            "input": "Article: Benjamin Franklin is remembered as an inventor, author, statesman, and signer of the Declaration of Independence. But all great people were kids once and got into naughty. In writing about his life, Franklin recalled a youthful event that he later regretted. Franklin was born in Boston in 1706. His father, whom Ben admired and respected, was a soapmaker and candlemaker with a large family. At the age of ten, Ben was taken out of school and put to work in the shop. Ben described his duties as \"cutting wick  for the candles, filling the dipping mold .But of course he preferred playing outdoors with his friends. One such plot is told here in his own words. \"There was a saltwetland that bounded part of the millpond, on the edge of which, at high water, we used to stand to fish for minnows . By much abuse, we had made it a only quagmire . My proposal was to build a wharf  there fit for us to stand upon, and I showed my comrades a large pile of stones, which were intended for a new house near the wetland, and which would very well suit our purpose. Accordingly, in the evening, when the workmen were gone, I gathered a number of my playfellows, and working with them diligently like so many ants, sometimes two or three to a stone, we brought them all away and built our little wharf. The next morning the workmen were surprised at missing the stones, which were found in our wharf. Inquiry was made after the removers;we were discovered and complained of;several of us were corrected by our fathers;and, though I pleaded the usefulness of the work, mine convinced me that nothing was useful which was not honest.\" \n Answer: Because it was a naughty one.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Franklin regret a youthful event that he did?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e43b5015a1e42b285c4318874b7f9aa",
            "input": "Article: Rome had the Forum  . London has Speaker's Corner. Now always-on-the-go New Yorkers have Liz and Bill.    Liz and Bill, two college graduates in their early 20s, have spent a whole year trying to have thousands of people talk to them in subway stations and on busy street corners. And just talk.    Using a 2-foot-tall sign that says, \" Talk to Me,\" they attract conversationalists, who one evening included a mental patient, and men in business suits.    They don't collect money. They don't push religion  . So what's the point?    \" To see what happens,\" said Liz. \" We simply enjoy life with open talk.\"    Shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks, they decided to walk from New York City to Washington, a 270-mile trip. They found they loved talking to people along the way and wanted to continue talking with strangers after their return.    \" It started as a crazy idea.\" Liz said. \" We were so curious about all the strangers walking by with their life stories. People will talk to us about anything: their job, their clothes, their childhood experiences, anything.\"    Denise wanted to talk about an exam she was about to take. She had stopped by for the second time in two days, to let the two listeners know how it went.    Marcia had led her husband to a serious disease. \"That was very heavy on my mind.\" Marcia said. \" To be able to talk about it to total strangers was very good,\" she explained.    To celebrate a year of talking, the two held a get-together in a city park for all the people they had met over the past year. A few hundred people appeared, as well as some television cameramen and reporters.    They may plan more parties or try to attract more people to join their informal talks. Some publishers have expressed interest in a book, something the two say they'll consider before making a decision. \n Answer: Organizing a speaker's party.",
            "output": [
                "What did Liz and Bill determine to do after the attack on September 11, 2001?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-226cb124284e445192410b8e48bdaa95",
            "input": "Article: The US will seek to expand its own oil production in an attempt to reduce dependence on imported oil and bring down fuel prices , President Obama says . New contracts for exploration will be signed in non-protected areas of Alaska and in the Gulf of Mexico. In his weekly speech , the President insisted the US could reduce its need for imported oil and improve safety. Using his speech to tell Americans that he understood their concerns about rising prices, President Obama focused particularly on the price of fuel, which has risen in recent months. US consumers have historically enjoyed cheap fuel , but have seen prices rise in recent months even though US oil production in 2010 reached its highest level for seven years. Although the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 was serious, Mr Obama said the Gulf remained a key part of the country's future energy supply. The President's proposals  come after Republicans   introduced a series of proposals that would expand and speed up oil and gas production. The White House has criticized the Republican proposals for safety reasons , but Mr Obama was clear in his speech that he felt safety and environmental standards could be maintained even though production might rise. \" I believe that we should continue to expand oil production in America --even as we increase safety and environmental standards ,\"he said. \"As a nation, we should be investing in the clean, renewable sources of energy that are the solution to high gas prices.\" Mr Obama has previously called for a step-change in energy policy, saying the US must move towards getting 80%of its electricity from clean energy sources by 2035. \n Answer: Expanding oil production.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT included in Mr Obama's speech?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-35041c980be740949194a45f03004908",
            "input": "Article: When Frank began his story, we all listened. \"I grew up in San Pedro. My Dad was a fisherman, and he loved the sea. He had his own boat, but it was hard making a living on the sea. He worked hard and would stay out until he caught enough to feed the family. Not just enough for our family, but also for his Mom and Dad and the other kids that were still at home.\" He looked at us and said, \"I wish you could have met my Dad. He was a big man, and he was _ from pulling the nets and fighting the seas for his catch. When you got close to him, he smelled the ocean.\" Frank's voice dropped a bit. \"When the weather was bad, he would drive me to school. He would pull right up in front, and it seemed like everybody would be standing around and watching. Then he would lean over and give me a big kiss on the cheek and tell me to be a good boy. It was so embarrassing for me. Here I was twelve years old, and my Dad would lean over and kiss me good-bye!\" He paused and then went on, \"I remember the day I thought I was too old for a good-bye kiss. When we got to the school and came to a stop, he had his usual big smile. He started to lean toward me, but I put my hand up and said, 'No, Dad.' It was the first time I had ever talked to him that way, and he had this surprised look on his face. I said, ' Dad, I'm too old for a good-bye kiss. I'm too old for any kind of kiss.' My Dad looked at me for the longest time, and his eyes started to tear up. I had never seen him cry. He turned and looked our the windshield. ' You're right,' he said. ' You are a big boy... a man. I won't kiss you anymore..'\" For the moment, Frank got a funny look on his face, and the tears began to well up in his eyes. \"It wasn't long after that when my Dad went to sea and never came back.\" I looked at Frank and saw that tears were running down his cheeks. Frank spoke again. \" Guys, you don't know what I would give to have my Dad give me just one more kiss on the cheek... to feel his rough old face... to smell the ocean on him... to feel his arm around my neck. I wish I had been a man then. If I had been a man, I would never have told my Dad I was too old for a good-bye kiss.\" \n Answer: Dad was so hurt that he left home and never came back.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which statement is not accurate?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe78ec4188da47e3a9bbf5310b3e9395",
            "input": "Article: The fame of Jane IN the 19th century the novel came into its own. Thousands upon thousands of novels were published. Of those novels, very few are remembered today. However, there are exceptions  ; the works of Jane Austen - Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility - for example. They achieved only modest success at first but grew and grew in fame  and reputation. How did Jane Austen become so popular? Of course, the novels are romantic. Everyone knows the love story of Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Bennett (in Pride and Prejudice), and how they overcome their own pride and prejudice to live happily ever after. The lovers are almost as famous today as Romeo and Juliet. But there is more to Austen's popularity than the fact that she wrote about love. The books are very witty   and ironic  , and show a great understanding of society and of people. Pride and Prejudice opens with what must be the most famous sentence in the English novel: \"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.\" The truth, of course, is the opposite: wealthy, unmarried young men are extremely attractive to young women. And women - especially penniless or near-penniless ones - are the subjects of Austen's tales. Women nowadays may be more equal to men than they were in Jane Austen's day. However, a sense that women still basically live in a world dominated   by men ensures that Austen still has many keen readers. \n Answer: To analyze why Jane Austen's novels have such a lasting appeal.",
            "output": [
                "What is the point of the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-92b26327ae3f45fc91e8b1557c1a9d04",
            "input": "Article: Fallingwater is a house built over a waterfall in Southwestern Pennsylvania. Frank Lloyd Wright, America's most famous architect, designed the house in 1935. It instantly became famous, and today it is a National Historic Landmark. Guided House Tour This tour features all the major rooms of the house and lasts about one hour. Photography is not permitted during this tour. The Guided House Tour allows children six-year-old and older to enjoy the house with their parents. Adults --$$ 20. 00 with advance purchase. --$$ 23. 00 when purchased on site Youth (ages 6~ 12) -- $$ 14. 00 with advance purchase -- $$ 17. 00 when purchased on site Daily from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm,except Wednesday. In-Depth Tour The tour is best if you desire a greater understanding of what Wright was seeking to create with his masterwork. The number of visitors on each tour is limited and photography is permitted for personal use only. Children nine years and older may accompany adults on this tour. $ 65. 00 per person(Available by advance ticket purchase only) Daily from 10: 00 am to 4: 00 pm Sunset Tour As afternoon turns to evening, the changing light allows you to see Fallingwater from an entirely new perspective. The number of visitors is limited and photography is permitted for personal use only. Children under nine-years-old are not permitted on this tour. $ 110. 00 per person(Available by advance ticket purchase only) May, June, & September-Saturdays at 4:30 p. m. July & August-Fridays and Saturdays at 4:45 p. m. Brunch Tour The guests join their guide for brunch before they leave. Children nine years and older may accompany adults on this tour. Please allow three hours total for this experience. $ 115. 00 per person(Available by advance ticket purchase only) May through September --Saturdays & Sundays at 9:00 a. m \n Answer: $54",
            "output": [
                "How much will a father and his two children (one is 9, the other is 15) spend if they buy the Guided House Tour tickets ahead of time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-99b65b5f3ec34607b3f920f7ff438e62",
            "input": "Article: The highlight of my journey was to be Paris,the city I'd always longed to see.But now I was frightened to travel without a companion.I steeled myself and went anyway.I arrived at the train station in Paris panicked.Pulling my red suitcase behind me,I was pushed by sweaty travelers . On my first Metro ride, I encountered a clumsy pickpocket.I melted him with a look,and he eased his hand from my purse to fade into the crowded car. At my stop,I carried my heavy suitcase up the steep stairs and froze in confusion.Somewhere in this confusing city my hotel was hidden,but suddenly I couldn't read my own directions.I stopped two people.Both greeted me with that Parisian face that said:\"Yes, I speak English,but you'll have to struggle with your French if you want to talk to me.\" When I finally found the hotel,my heart was pounding. Then when I saw my room.I couldn't stay.Could I? The wallpaper looked like it had been through a fire.The bathroom was down the hall,and the window looked out onto the brick wall of another building.Welcome to Paris.It was my third week away from home and my kids,and I had arrived in the most romantic city in the world, alone, lonely and very scared. The most important thing I did in Paris happened at that moment.I knew that if I didn't go out,right then,and find a place to have dinner,I would hide in this place my entire time in Paris. I might never learn to enjoy the world as a single individual.So I went out.Evening in Paris was light and warm.I strolled along a winding path,listening to birds sing,watching children float toy sailboats in a huge fountain.Paris was beautiful.And I was here alone but suddenly not lonely.My sense of accomplishment at overcoming my fear had left me feeling free,not abandoned. During my week's stay in Paris.I did everything there was to do,and it was the greatest week of my European vacation.I returned home a believer in the healing power of solitary travel.Traveling alone makes up for its problems by demanding self-reliance and building the kind of confidence that serves the single life well.Certainly Paris became my metaphor for _ life's challenges on my own.Now when I meet an obstacle I just say to myself: If I can go to Paris,I can go anywhere. \n Answer: They showed they were only willing to communicate in French.",
            "output": [
                "How did the two Parisians respond when the author turned to them?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a76870fd119d41a89f8a05984e604a31",
            "input": "Article: When I was 12 years old, I was at a very hard stage in life. I was short and fat, which was bad for a girl, so coordination was not one of my strongest features. On the other hand, my mother was a very talented softball player who even acted as my coach. Night after night, I would try my best to impress \"my coach\".Unfortunately, I just felt like a terrible disappointment to my mother. One summer afternoon, my mother told us we were going to visit Uncle David. Since we lived in an apartment, going to the country was quite a treat. My uncle David always had a way of making me feel special. When we arrived, my uncle and cousin Jeff were throwing metal rings at two holes in the ground. I was curious about what they were doing so I went over to watch. Noticing that I was standing there, my uncle asked if I had ever played washers. Being a \"city girl\", my reply was that the only \"washers\" I knew were the ones that cleaned clothes. To my embarrassment, Uncle David, chuckling ,explained that the metal rings were called washers. I was shocked to hear my uncle saying he wanted me to take his place. He then gave me the washers and gave tips on how to throw better. Unwillingly, I joined Jeff. Gradually, I found myself not only enjoying but also wanting to win this game. The washer went into the air and began to fall. Then a cloud of dust appeared as the washer sank into the hole. My first try! I had actually thrown the washer into the hole! Although 23 summers have gone by since that day, this small success in washer playing helped me get back self confidence lost when I struggled with the game of softball. \n Answer: Because her efforts at softball were disappointing.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author live a hard life at the age of twelve?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-88791adff19c441b95a27db6e157c52a",
            "input": "Article: The extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwe's capital city, is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound . Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building, which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating. The building--the country's largest commercial and shopping complex--uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size. The Eastgate's owners saved $3.5 million on a $36 million building because an air-conditioning equipment didn't have to be imported. The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady, glass-roofed atrium  open to the air. Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents . As _ rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys. During summer's cool nights, big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors. By day, smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building, to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors. For winter days, there are small heaters in the vents. This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level, has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature changes--days as warm as 31degC commonly drop to 14degC at night. \"You couldn't do this in New York, with its hot summers and cold winters,\" Pearce said. The engineering firm of Ove Arup&Partners monitors daily temperatures. It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23degC and 25degC, with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night. And the air is fresh--far more so than in air-conditioned buildings, where up to 30% of the air is recycled. \n Answer: No air conditioners were fixed in.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Eastgate cheaper to be built than a conventional building?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-681ffcc4b5de4d468c8090b6a6edcb19",
            "input": "Article: War Horse author Michael Morpurgo is being interviewed: Reporter:How did War Horse become so successful? Michael:War Horse was published in 1982,and it did not sell very well.But my publishers kept it in print,along with all my books.I am very grateful to Egmont and I'm sure now they are very grateful to themselves. The book was discovered 21 years later,by accident.I was on Desert Island Discs on Radio 4 in 2003 when my work was becoming better known.One of the listeners was the mother of a director called Tom Morris,and after reading War Horse herself she told her son to read it.Two years later the play came out,and it was a huge hit that went to the West End,Broadway and now Canada and Australia,then a nationwide American tour in June this year. In 2009 kathy kennedy,the producer who worked with Steven Spielberg,walked into the New London Theatre to see the play because her daughter liked it very much.She then phoned Spielberg and told him this would be his next film!The way it all happened is better than any of my stories.War Horse has now sold over 1 million copies. Reporter:Has War Horse changed your life? Michael:It has made all the difference in the world.The most important gift it has given us is not to have to worry about money,because there has always been a slight anxiety.It has allowed us to ensure our grandchildren's education.There is a disadvantage to it as well,which is an assumption that I am super rich.I'm not,actually.It is very nice and completely unexpected but I have got to go on writing.If I were younger,I think,it would go to my head.Now I am too old for anything to go to my head.It is not the same as winning the lottery . \n Answer: Because they never stopped printing it and it finally proved successful.",
            "output": [
                "Why are Michael's publishers grateful to themselves too?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c343335d41f24a8fa1e5a440600f9d1a",
            "input": "Article: In many homes, divorce is caused by the \"battle between the sexes.\" To understand the problem, one must remember that the modern American woman is freed. During childhood and adolescence , the American girl is given freedom and education which is equal to a boy's. After completing school, she is able to get a job and support herself. She doesn't have to marry for financial security. She considers herself an independent, self-sufficient person. She wants a husband whom she can respect, but she doesn't want to be dominated  by him. She wants a democratic household in which she has a voice in making decisions. When a husband and wife are able to share decisionmaking, their marriage is probably closer, stronger, and more satisfying. Otherwise, the couple is likely to wind up in the divorce court. When a couple gets divorced, the court usually requires the man to pay his former wife a monthly sum of money. If the couple has children, they usually remain with the mother, and the father is expected to pay for their support. Although divorce is quite common in the United States, 80 percent of those who get divorced remarry. The remarriages allow thousands of people, especially children, to enjoy family life again, but at the same time many troubles have arisen. A well-known American joke tells of a wife calling to her second husband, \"Quick, John! Come here and help me! Your children are beating up our chidlren!\" \n Answer: Lack of democratic atmosphere in the household.",
            "output": [
                "What causes most of the divorce cases in the U.S.A.?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2ce8e2282ea48ff94c407632a328b95",
            "input": "Article: In the past two decades, the Chinese economy has undergone many reforms in an effort to compete more effectively on the international market.These reforms included allowing foreign hanks to offer credit cards to Chinese citizens, Now, researchers at the University of Missouri (MU)have found about 30 percent of Chinese urban households now own at least one credit card and the growth rate of credit card adoption has been an average of 40 percent per year between 2004 and 2009. Rui Yao, an assistant professor of personal financial planning at MU, says that this large growth in such a small amount of time has positive and negative implications for the Chinese economy. \"With more and more people taking advantage of credit in China, it certainly increases potential consumer buying power,\" Yao said.\"However, we found that more than 90 percent of non-credit card users were unaware of safety issues existing in credit card use and more than 60 percent had little knowledge of the consequences of credit card debt.Thus lack of knowledge could create problems as credit card ownership is expected to grow at a rate of I percent a year.\" Yao found that would 72 percent of Chinese credit card holders were never late on their payments, only 55 percent were able to pay the full balance.She also found that 70 percent of Clones credit card holders said that credit cards contributed to overspending. Yao believes the Chinese could benefit from facial education designed to help them plan for their financial future and encouraging the Chinese to take advantage of debt in a responsible fashion is important for the Chinese economy.\"Appropriate use of debt can help households improve their quality of life as well as spur economic growth through an increase in market purchases.\" Yao said. \n Answer: To persuade more Chinese citizens to accept credit cards.",
            "output": [
                "Why did China allow foreign banks to offer credit cards to Chinese citizens?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-65607ad6e98a4f3280482443b1fe1129",
            "input": "Article: Travel Unaccompanied Now many young people are traveling around the world on their own, not because they have no one to travel with, but because they prefer to go alone. Kristina Wegscheider from California first traveled alone when she was at college and believes that it is something everyone should do at least once in their life. \"It opens up your mind to new things and pushes you out of your comfort zone.\" Wegscheider has visited 46 countries covering all seven continents. In foreign countries, with no one to help you read a map, look after you if you get ill, or lend you money if your wallet is stolen. It is challenging. This is what drives young people to travel alone.It is seen as character building and a chance to prove that they can make it on their own. Chris Richardson decided to leave his sales job in Australia to go traveling last year.He set up a website, The Aussie Nomad, to document his adventures. He said he wished he had traveled alone earlier. \"The people you meet, the places you visit, or the things you do, everything is up to you and it forces you to grow as a person,\" said the 30-year-old. Richardson describes traveling alone like \"a shot in the arm\", which \"makes you a more confident person that was ready to deal with anything\". He said: \"The feeling of having conquered something on my own is a major part of what drives me each day when I'm dealing with a difficult task. I walk around with my head up because I know deep down inside that nothing is impossible if you try.\" The great 19th century explorer John Muir once said: \"Only by going alone in silence can one truly get into the heart of the wilderness.\" \n Answer: Traveling alone is a necessary experience for everyone.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following will Kristina Wegscheider agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-033a3a11028b4db1b3153e339bccf877",
            "input": "Article: Koala bears as pets might be appealing to many of us. However, there are quite a few points to consider even before thinking of adopting one. Koala bears are one of the most lovely Australian animals. In certain cases where the koala has been raised by hand, they have turned out to be quite affectionate pets. These people tied a piece of fur to a pillow and placed it beside a joey (a baby kola) as a substitute   for the mother koala. This trick seemed to work well with the baby koala. However, it is a known fact that human handling causes stress to koalas. In my personal opinion, this aspect clouds the fact that koala bears can be tamed  . In Australia the koala is a priority animal as far as conservation status assessment is concerned. It was hunted to near extinction   for its fur. In fact the koala had been wiped out from South Australia in the 1920s. However, rehabilitation efforts have brought the animal back in the state. As for the Australia government, the koala is not a threatened animal, but the US government does list the koala as one. Although they may live in 40 to 60 kinds of eucalyptus trees, they prefer only 10 to 14 specific kinds. Koalas sleep for most part of the day, which is about 16 to 18 hours, and for most of their waking hours all they do is eat. Koala bears eat the leaves of eucalyptus trees. A full-grown koala can eat almost 2 to 3 pounds of leaves in a day. Despite their slow movements and sweet look, koala bears can be _ when hungry. Other than this, there are the stress caused to koalas due to human handling and the fights that start in koalas. Almost everyone finds koalas lovely in the zoo. However, as far as having koala bears as pets is concerned, there are legal issues to consider. Other than that, being able to provide for its diet and habitat is another point that needs some attention before any law legalizing their adoption as pets is passed. \n Answer: Enthusiastic.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's attitude towards people raising the koala?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2edec03f5ff341e1968dd05654e4f078",
            "input": "Article: Attending a university is an important part of a person's life. Today, many people go to a university to study and train for a future job in subjects like law, medicine, or education. But the university is not a modern invention. It has a history that is over a thousand years old. The world's oldest university, Al-Azhar, is in Cairo, Egypt. It was first built as a mosque in A.D. 972. A few years later, learners and teachers began meeting in the mosque in \"tutoring circles\". They read and talked about the subject of law. Around 988, leaders in the city of Cairo decided to create a school for higher learning and the University of Al-Azhar was founded. At Al-Azhar, there were many university 'firsts.' _ were created. The earliest ones taught at Al-Azhar were in law and religion. In a course, students read and studied with the teacher, but there was also free discussion. Often, students and teachers talked about a topic, and there was no 'right' answer. Finally, scholars from around the world came to Al-Azhar to teach and do research. At the university, people studied the past, but it was also a place for sharing new ideas. Over a thousand years later, Al-Azhar is still an important university in the world. Its library contains more than 250,000 of the world's oldest and most valuable books. Today, many of the world's most important universities such as Oxford and Harvard still follow the traditions started at Al-Azhar. \n Answer: The history of the world's oldest university.",
            "output": [
                "What's this passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9f109946422849d1bedb67b94dd58862",
            "input": "Article: At the entrance to one of the ruined temples of Petra in Jordan, there is an inscription  in the soft red rock. It looks as if it has been there for centuries. It could have been carved by one of King Herod's soldiers, when they were imprisoned in the town in 40 BC. But closer examination reveals that it is not so ancient after all. It reads: Shane and Wendy from Sydney were here. April 16th 1996, The ruins of Petra were discovered in 1810 by a Swiss explorer, and a recent report has just concluded that 66they are in grave danger of being destroyed by the unstoppable march of tourism\". More than 4,000 tourists a day pour into Petra's rocky tombs. They wear away the soft red sandstone to powder and (occasionally!) scratch their names into the rock. It is not just Petra that is under threat of destruction. With more than 60,000 visitors to Venice each day, cruise ships that have made Venice tourists' top destination bring one of the most significant dangers to the city, leading to tides that are further damaging the foundation of the Venetian structures. The prehistoric cave paintings at Lascaux in France were being slowly ruined by the breath and bacteria from 200,000 visitors a year. The caves have now been closed to the public and a replica  has been built, Will there be more replicas like in Lascaux? There already are. Heritage theme parks are springing up everywhere. Many of the great cities of Europe are finding that their historic centers are fast becoming theme parks, filled with clicking cameras and whirring camcorders, abandoned by all local residents except for the souvenir sellers. Until recently, we all believed that travel broadened the mind, but now many believe the exact opposite: \"Modem travel narrows the mind\". \n Answer: Reduce the number of cruise ships in the rivers.",
            "output": [
                "Which solution to Venice's problem would the author agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4294cac2e0b14e33bb16a0b7fdd99cf3",
            "input": "Article: Please help! I live in Germany with my wife and three kids. My parents live in the UK. I want my kids to have as much contact with their grandparents as possible. The kids all use e-mail, Skype and SMS but my parents won't. I've bought them a laptop, paid for broadband, given them both mobile phones and a digital camera, but they won't use them. My parents say they hate computers and new technology. What can I do with these \" _ \"? Daniel, Buremburg, Germany  Actually, the original technophobes were the Luddites, a group of cloth workers in 19thcentury Britain during the Industrial Revolution. The Luddite cloth workers, who traditionally made cloth by hand, were worried that machines were going to take away their jobs and way of life. These machines could make cloth much faster and cheaper than humans. In 1811 and 1812 the Luddites destroyed the machines that they hated so much, but the British government supported the factory owners. Many Luddites were arrested. Charlotte Bronte's novel Shirley will tell your parents all about it. Laura, Valencia, Spain  Laura makes some interesting points, I think. Technophobes has been a common theme in science fiction. Frankenstein, one of the first science fiction, is a warning of what could happen if humans began to experiment with human life.  Freda, Copenhagen, Denmark  One thing you could try is to find hardware that is designed for older people to use. An example is the mobiles made by the US company, Jitterbug. Instead of icons and menus the Jitterbug phones ask users simple \"yes/no\" questions and have larger keypads. The company realized that there are potentially 100 million older users in the US alone.  Graham, Patras, Greece \n Answer: They were killed by the government.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE of the Luddites?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4896835212aa448895a66476ce043fbf",
            "input": "Article: Across the globe, single parent homes are on the rise. In the US, the 2000 census   showed 24.8 million, or nearly 24 percent of the nation's 105.5 million households, were traditional two-parent homes. By comparison, 9.8 million households, or 9 percent of all US households were headed by an adult raising a child alone. The 1990 census showed 26 percent of homes were led by a married mother and father, and 8 percent of homes were led by a single parent. Similar increases occurred in other countries. In the UK, lone-parent homes increased from 3.3 percent in 1990 to 5.5 percent in 1999. Single parent households in Australia rose from 5.8 percent in 1990 to 7.6 percent in 1999. Belgium saw the increase from 1.8 percent to 2.7 percent during the same period of time. These countries tend to have greater acceptance of the single parent because there are fewer nearby family members to disapprove, Riche, a Census Bureau director, said. Just as in the US, those changes raised new questions about how involved govenment should be in helping single parent families. Some research suggests children raised in two-parent families are better off than those who depend on one. \"The position of one-parent families in any country is very much a gender   issue-women's opportunities, especially working-class women on low income,\" said Sue Cohen, coordinator   of the Single Action Parents Network in England. \n Answer: UK.",
            "output": [
                "Not considering the exact number of the single-parent families, which country saw the fastest rise rate in 1999, compared with 1990?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-12795d61fbfd4781b5c417a3b65505a4",
            "input": "Article: It's because college kids today can't do math, one line of reasoning goes. Or they don't know science. These are all good theories, but the problem with these young adults' unemployment goes way beyond a lack of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) skills. A survey by the Workforce Solutions Group at St. Louis Community College finds that more than 60% of employers say applicants lack the ability to communicate and get along with others--- a jump pf about 10 percentage points in just two years. A large number of managers also say today's applicants can't think creatively, solve problems or write well. Jobs are going unfilled as a result, which hurts companies and employers. The annual global Talent Shortage Survey from ManpowerGroup finds that nearly 1 in 5 employers worldwide can't fill positions because they can't find people with soft skills. One thing that does appear to make a difference is internships . More than 80% of employers want new graduates they hire to have completed a formal internship, but only 8% of students say having an internship in a field related to their major is something they spend a lot of time doing. Instead, the top extracurricular activities   are hanging out with friends, working in an unrelated job and eating out. And all internships are not created equal. Overall, only about half of college grads say they're prepared for the work---and the number of bosses who think they're prepared is lower than 40%. Among students who don't have an internship, only 44% consider themselves ready for the job market. That improves for students with unpaid internships; 58% say they're prepared for the workplace. But among students who compete paid internships, that number jumps to 70%. None of the students think they're entirely prepared for the workforce, but they are a lot more confident than the managers surveyed. Part of the problem is that \"you don't know what you don't know\", as the saying goes. Harris Interactive found a huge gap between students' view of their abilities and managers' view of those same skills such as financial skills. It's just harder to teach these skills, experts say. \"It is hard to correct a lifetime of bad habits in a short period of time,\" Roderick Nunn, vice chancellor for economic development and workforce solutions at St. Louis Community College, tells the St Louis Beacon. \n Answer: They should have their free life out of working hours.",
            "output": [
                "What do most new graduates think of their internship?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7ed91a0c3bb94f5f8cefb351b9eda862",
            "input": "Article: Children with autism  have difficulty with social skills and communication. They often behave in restricted and repetitive ways and have what seem like abnormally intense interests. Autism is more common in boys than girls. What causes it is not clear. Scientists are studying genes and possible environmental influences. Doctors usually cannot confirm a diagnosis  of autism until a child is about three years old. Rebecca Landa is a researcher at the Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Maryland. Professor Landa wanted to find out what differences in development might be seen earlier. She led a new study that observed 235 babies between six and 36 months of age. \"At six months of age, the signs of some risk for developing communication and social delays, including autism, include motor delays. Like when you lay your baby on their back and you pull them by the arms gently into a seated position, the baby's head may nod back behind the shoulders, like poor head control. So that does not mean that the baby is going to have autism, but it does mean the baby needs to have some exercises to strengthen their body. And when they strengthen their body, they are better able to play with toys and engage with people, which then goes on to help them have better outcomes.\" By the time a baby is one year old, signs of possible autism include difficulty in using words and not looking eye-to-eye or reaching out to other people. By 14 months, the baby might smile less and use language less. However, Professor Landa says these signs can be so small that they might be missed during a short health exam. \"It's important for parents to stay tuned into their children's development, and if a parent is concerned about a child's development, for professionals to listen to them.\" The earlier parents notice delays, she says, the sooner they can begin doing simple things that may help improve their child's development. For example: talking to the child about what they are doing, commenting when the child shows them something, and playing simple games that keep the child's attention. \n Answer: Watching for Early Signs of Autism in Babies",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c80fa7d81598493d863c2f6f0999225e",
            "input": "Article: The holiday is upon us. Finally, after months of study, you have some time to yourself. So, why not read a book? Well, some people will say, \"Why bother with books? We have the Internet and other media that offer a lot of more colorful entertainment. Books are history!\" But don't be fooled. I'm sure there's still a lot to be said for reading. One clear reason is that a well-chosen book is a wonderful source of vocabulary, so long as you have a good dictionary, of course. Believe me, it's far easier to get new English words and phrases from a book or an article than it is from the TV or the Internet. But another more important point is that books give you something that modern media simply can not. The average webpage is picture-heavy and the text is often designed to make it as easy to read as possible. While \"easy\" may be attractive, unfortunately it's of little use for any long-term development of reading skills and the general language level. Because of that, there's still no substitute   of a book. But perhaps the best single reason is that simply choosing what you read and doing it independently means that it's something you do by and for yourself. You can choose what you want to read. It's hard work, but somewhere down the line, you'll find that what once seemed like a duty is now a pleasure. \n Answer: Three",
            "output": [
                "How many reasons for reading a book does the author mention in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c54770afa22149dfb3065fe73bd2d0da",
            "input": "Article: Working with a group of baboons  in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology,Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake. She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did. The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching. This _ between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive ( )tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them,but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information. The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals,or they are too shy to use the information once they have it,information may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning. \n Answer: Those that feel anxious about learning.",
            "output": [
                "According to the research, which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-48ef5fa5650d45dfa59bef45521ef5e3",
            "input": "Article: Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I've ever had: Be bold and brave -- and mighty   forces will come to your aid. Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again. Boldness means a decision to _ . And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas -- even physical strength greater than most of us realize. Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. \"In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,\" said Tim. \"I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet  -- and stopped him cold.\" Boldness -- a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme--is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks   and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds. So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities--and you'll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed. \n Answer: Failure blocked his way to success.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-474af48c9d7246e4b1dd23ea9e65679d",
            "input": "Article: Below is an introduction to Top 5 Teen Magazines from the US and the UK. J-14 Marked to preteen and teenage girls ages 11-19, J-14 --a shortened name of \"Just For Teens\" --is packed with features like teen gossip, quizzes, fashion advice, posters, and celebrity  interviews in every issue. Some of the magazine's most popular features include: \"Hot Topic\", \"Life's Big Questions\" and \"Real Life\". Throughout the year, J-14 publishes several editions, such as \"Summer Entertainment Guide\", \"Back-to-School Special\" and the annual \"Best of Year Special and J-13 Teen Icon Awards\" issue. Teens who have a passion for pop culture would love a subscription to J-14 magazine! Twist Twist covers the latest fashion and stytles with lots of photos and easy-to-follow how-tos, giving teens both instruction and inspiration to experiment with what works for them. Body image  and relationships are popular topics of interest to teens, and the magazine offers tips on building strong self-esteem. Additional content in every monthly issue inculdes reader polls, teen celebrity gossip, news and interviews. During the yaer, Twist publishes several special editions about seasonal fashion and major teen events, like prom and back-to-school. The magazine publishes a \"Best of Year\" issue every December. Teens who love fashion and celebrity news would love a subscription to Twist magazine! Discovery Girls First published in 2000, the magazine often addresses the topics of school, sports, and friendship. Content in the magazine is created by girls, which gives it the authentic opinions of its target audience. Each bimonthly issus features quizzes, fashion advice, and games in addition to some regular sections that appear in each magazine. Mant of the following sections that appear in every issue also feature content submitted by readers: \"The Worst Day\", \"Embarrassing Moments\", \"The Great Debate\" and \"Mailbag\". Young girls and teens would find a friendly, identifiable voice in each issue of Discovery Girls, and parents would approve of giving a gift subscription to this award-winning magazine! Boy's Life First published in 1911, Boy's Life is written for young males ages 6 to 18 and is distributed in two editions. One edition is printed for the youngest members 6-to-10-year-old Tiger Cubs and first-year Webelos Scouts. The other is for ages 11-18 and is aimed at second-year Webelos Scouts through 18-year-old Boy Scouts. A central focus of Boy's Life is encouraging physical activity among boys, like camping, hiking, swimming, and kayaking. Each month, the magazine features articles on history, the outdoors, science, and much more. Fitness, technology, and video game and biik reviews are other common topics Boy's Life often addresses. A subscription to Boy's Life magazine would make a great gift for active young boys! Seventeen Seventeen magazine celebrates teens where they are in life while also providing age-appropriate advice to the complex issues young women face every day. The magazine organizes its content into five sections, such as \"Your Body\", a range of fitness motivation and encouragement about positive body image, \"Love & Guys\", advice columns and tips on understanding relationships with the opposite sex, and \"Your Awesome Life\", personal development tips about hot topics like building confidence and selecting a college, plus inspirational stories about teens. Special editions include the \"Back-to-school Issue\" in August and \"The Freebie Issue\" in May. Teens who want to look good, feel great, and be their best would enjoy a subscription to Seventeen magazine! \n Answer: Advice on fashion.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what content do J-14, Twist and Discovery Girls share?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-476b20afb309491883c45acb12f0cae5",
            "input": "Article: Taj Mahal, Agra, India As many as 28 different varieties of semi-precious and precious stones were used to decorate the outside of the Taj Mahal. Construction of the Taj Mahal took around 20 years. The building, which was made from white marble from the quarries  of Rajasthan, appears pink in the morning, white in the day and golden in the moonlight. Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, Japan It took 10 years to construct the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge. It connects the city of Kobe, on Japan's mainland, with Iwaya on Awaji Island. Before it opened, the only way to get between the two cities was ferry. However, the waterway was prone to   severe storms and when two ferries capsized   in 1955, killing 168 people, public anger convinced   the government of the need for a bridge. It's the longest suspension   bridge in the world, with a length of 1,991 meters. Panama Canal, Panama More than 4.5 million cubic yards of concrete were used in the construction of this canal's locks and dams. The Panama Canal is a 77-kilometer (47-mile) long waterway that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The earth and rubble excavated   to make way for it was enough to bury Manhattan to a depth of four meters. A series of locks allow ships to pass through the water; each of the moveable lock doors weighs 750 tons and each of the locks fills with 52 million gallons of water to accommodate the 15,000 ships that use the canal every year. Completion date: January 7, 1914 after 10 years of building. Grand Canyon Skywalk, Arizona, America The Skywalk's foundation is strong enough to support 71 million pounds. Located 1, 219 meters above the Colorado River, the Grand Canyon's Skywalk consists of one million pounds of steel and 83,000 pounds of glass. It was the creation of Las Vegas businessman David Jin, who approached the Hualapai Tribe with the idea of a glass walkway over the Grand Canyon in 1996. The Skywalk was assembled   on site. Completion date: March 28, 2007. \n Answer: The Taj Mahal.",
            "output": [
                "Which construction took the longest time to build?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-996ec76dfe6f49ee81b307a3a344ac91",
            "input": "Article: This year's Newsweek list of the top 100 high schools shows that today those with fewer students are rising. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek Top School List based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big, modern high schools outside the cities with thousands of students. Big schools meant economic efficiency, a greater choice of courses, and better football teams. But only years later did we understand that it involved the difficulty of strengthening personal connections between teachers and students. SAT scores began dropping; on average, 30% of students did not complete high school in four years, a figure that rose to 50% in poor city neighborhoods. High schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress. Size isn't everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeable trend toward smaller schools. This has been partly due to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1,000 small schools -- most of them with about 400 kids, each with an average enrollment of only 150 students per grade. About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the country are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred. Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, California, is one of those ranking No.423 -- among the top 2% in the country. In 2003, Hillsdale remade itself into three \"houses\". 300 students arriving ninth graders are randomly assigned to one of the houses, where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents. Along with the new structure came the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95.\"It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics,\" says Jeff Gilbert. \"Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them.\" But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution. Ranking schools is always controversial. Over the years this system has been criticized for its simplicity -- list of top U.S. high schools was made merely according to the proportion of students taking college-level exams. This year a group of 38 superintendents   from five states wrote to ask that their schools should be excluded from the calculation. \"It is impossible to know which high schools are 'the best' in the nation,\" their letter read. \"Determining whether different schools do or don't offer a high quality of education requires a look at many different measures, including students' overall academic accomplishments, their later performance in college, and taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities.\" \n Answer: Another 150 schools invested by the Foundation are planned to be set up.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the schools sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa6414b62f564698a32708ecab8fadaf",
            "input": "Article: Once upon a time, there was a lovely vegetable field, on which grew a very thick tree. Both the vegetables and the tree gave the place a wonderful appearance, which was the joy of the garden's owner. What no one knew was that the vegetables in the field and the tree couldn't stand each other. The vegetables hated the tree's shadow, because it left them only just enough light to survive. The tree, on the other hand, hated the vegetables because they drank nearly all the water before it could get to him, leaving him with just enough to survive. The situation became so extreme that the vegetables got totally fed up and decided to use up all the water in the ground so that the tree would dry up. The tree answered back by refusing to give the vegetables shadow from the hot midday sun, so they both began to dry up. Before long, the vegetables were really thin and the tree's branches were drying up. Neither of them thought that the gardener, on seeing his vegetable field becoming worse, would stop watering it. When he did that, both the tree and the vegetables really learned what thirst was. There seemed to be no solution, but one of the vegetables, a small courgette , understood what was going on, and decided to deal with it. Despite the little water and the unbearable heat, the little courgette did all he could to grow, grow...He managed to grow so big that the gardener started watering the field again. The gardener wanted to enter that beautiful big courgette in some gardening contest. And so the vegetables and the tree realized that it was better to help each other than to fight. They should really learn how to live in harmony with those around them, doing the best they could. So they decided to work together, using both the shadow and the water in the best combination to grow good vegetables. Seeing how well they were doing, the gardener now gave the best of care to his vegetable field, watering it better than any other field for miles around. \n Answer: They didn't know how to protect themselves.",
            "output": [
                "What is the problem between the tree and the vegetables?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f354f27558c4d8bb9281e068b3130ab",
            "input": "Article: Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke when he took a piece of cork and looked at it under a microscope. Cork is made up of dead cells but you are still able to see the cells which proved to be interesting to him. He described  _ as being made of something, just like a wall is made of bricks. He then called those bricks \"cells\". Due to the size of cells, it is nearly impossible to see them without the aid of a light microscope, but by using an electron microscope you'd be able to see cells in much greater detail. There's a cell theory which is made up of four basic ideas. First, cells are the building blocks of life. Second, cells are derived from other cells by division. Third, cells contain DNA (the blueprint for life). Fourth, the cell is the functioning unit of life, and the chemical reactions of life take place within cells. There are two types of cells, animal cells and plant cells. Plant cells differ from animal cells in many ways. Plant cells have a large central vacuole , with the nucleus  nearer to the side of the cell instead of in the middle like in animal cells. Another big difference is that plant cells can produce and store sugar as starch  while animal cells contain glycogen . It's noteworthy to mention that a cell cannot survive without the nucleus which acts as a type of control center; it runs the cells. The nucleus contains DNA, which in turn contains the cell's genes. These genes tell the cell how to grow. DNA contains the genetic blueprint that tells if you have blonde hair and blue eyes. \n Answer: Animals cells have a nucleus in the center.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statement is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4dcc2aec8bd544059ee161310ad63dcb",
            "input": "Article: A new report said scientists may not be far from giving apes the ability to think and talk like humans. The report is about experiments which transplant human cells into animals for medical purposes. It claimed that concerns about the creation of talking apes should be taken seriously. It should also draw people's attention to the possibility that the medical research about creating \"humanised\" animals is going to generate monsters. A regulatory body is needed to closely monitor any experiments that many risk creating animals with human-like consciousness or giving them any appearance or behavioural traits that too closely resemble humans, the report said. Scientists would, for example, be prevented from replacing a large number of an ape's brain cells with human brain cells until more is known about the potential risks. This has already been done in simpler animals like mice, which is judged to be less risky. Under the new UK guidelines, the power to regulate tests on animals containing human material would be transferred to a body with wider responsibility for animal testing in the Home Office. While there is no risk from experiments currently being carried out in Britain, it is possible that ethical   boundaries could be crossed within the next few years if scientists are not careful, the experts said. Professor Thomas Baldwin, a member of the Academy of Medical Sciences working group that produced the report, said the possibility of humanised apes should be taken seriously. He said, \"The fear is that if you start putting very large numbers of human brain cells into the brains of primates you might transform the primates into something that has some of the abilities that we regard as distinctly human, such as speech, or other ways of being able to _ or relate to us.\" Professor Martin Bobrow, chair of the academy working group that produced the report, said, \"The very great majority of experiments present no issues beyond the general use of animals in research and these should continue to proceed under the current regulations.\" Lord Willis, chair of the Association of Medical Research Charities, said, \"AMRC only supports research that is absolutely necessary and where no suitable alternative methods are available.\" \n Answer: Ethical rules to limit humanised animals.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-89920bf6971b4c778949dea448df7bec",
            "input": "Article: Americans get some of their news and entertainment from public television and radio. These public media receive money to operate from private citizens, organizations and government. Many of their programs are educational. But most of the American media are run by businesses for profit. These privately owned media have changed greatly in recent years. Newspapers, magazines and traditional broadcast television organizations have lost some of their popularity. At the same time, online, cable and satellite media have increased in numbers and strength. So have media that serve racial groups and those communicating in foreign languages. In general, more media than ever now provide Americans with news and entertainment. At the same time, fewer owners control them. Huge companies have many holdings . In some areas, one company controls much of the media. One dramatic change in American media is the increased success of cable television. It comes into most homes over wires. It does not use the public airwaves to present programs, as broadcast television does. Like broadcast television, most cable television programs perform advertisements. This is true although people must pay to see cable television in their homes. Thirty years ago, few people had cable. Today, about sixty-eight percent of American homes have cable television. Television by satellite also is gaining popularity. Over the years, traditional broadcast organizations have tried to appeal to as many watchers as possible. Many cable companies, however, present programs for one special group of viewers. For example, there are cable stations for people who like books, cooking, travel, golf or comedy. \n Answer: They can earn money.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about American public media?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a5669ea17a4f47e58fcb676579798faa",
            "input": "Article: A study found that young people have a stronger and more unpleasant scent   than the elderly,while elderly people's smell was the most distinctive,less intense and unpleasant. Researchers said the change in our smell is driven by the chemicals we release through our glands   and the bacteria on our skin. To test whether or not it really exists,scientists collected a series of samples from three groups of 12 to 16 donors,aged 20 to 30,45 to 55 and 75 to 95.Volunteers wore special T-shirts fitted with underarm pads   as they slept for five nights,after which the pads were cut up and put in glass jars. A separate group of 41 people aged 20 to 30 was then asked to smell two jars at a time and asked which group of the donors was older,as well as rating how strong and unpleasant each smell was. When asked to specify whether a particular sample was from a young,middle aged or old person,they were much more successful at identifying older people. Despite being the most distinctive,the older people's smell was also rated as being obviously less intense and less unpleasant than those from the other groups. Researchers said their findings appeared to contradict people's negative ideas about the old person's smell but admitted other factors,like smelly breath or skin,could be to blame for its bad reputation. \"Similar to other animals,humans can give off body scents that allow us to identify biological age,avoid sick individuals and pick a suitable partner. Elderly people have a distinctive scent that younger people consider to be not very unpleasant. This was surprising given the popular conception of old age scent as smelly. However,it's possible that other sources of body scents,such as skin or breath,may have different qualities,\" said Dr Johan Lundstrom,who led the study. \n Answer: People of different ages give off different scents.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know from the study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c1176820e54844b8983b764a8cfaa095",
            "input": "Article: The following are selected contributors' notes for an essay collection. KATY BUTLER, a 2004 finalist for a National Magazine Award, has written for The New Yorker, the New York Times, Mother Jones, Salon, Tricycle, and other magazines. She was born in South Africa and raised in England, and came to the United States with her family at the age of eight. \"Everything Is Holy,\" her essay about nature worship, Buddhism  , and ecology, was selected for Best Buddhist Writing 2006. In 2009 she won a literary award from the Elizabeth George Foundation. \"What Broke My Father's Heart\" was named a \"notable narrative\" by the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard, won a first-place award from the Association of Health Care Journalists, and was named one of the 100 Best Magazine Articles of All Time. Butler has taught narrative nonfiction at Nieman Foundation conferences and memoir writing at Esalen Institute. Her current book project is Knocking on Heaven's Door: A Journey Through Old Age and New Medicine to be published in 2013. VICTOR LAVALLE is the author of a collection of stories, Slapboxing with Jesus, and two novels, The Ecstatic and Big Machine, for which he won the Shirley Jackson Award, the American Book Award, and the Ernest J. Gaines Award for Literary Excellence. He is a 2010 Guggenheim Award winner and an assistant professor at Columbia University's School of the Arts. About \"Long Distance\" he says: \"This essay actually came about when I was asked to write about my life after having lost a great deal of weight. And yet, when I sat down to work, all I could do was return to that time when I was much heavier and deeply unhappy. Why? I sure didn't miss those days. And yet, I felt I couldn't write about my present without touching on that past. But, of course, I never reach the true present in the essay. Maybe I still don't know how to talk about a life with greater happiness. \" BRIDGET POTTER was born in Brompton-on-Swale, Yorkshire, and came to the United States as a teenager in 1958. She spent the first forty years of her career in television, beginning as a secretary, then as a producer and an executive, including fifteen years as senior vice president of original programming at HBO. In 2007 she earned a BA in cultural anthropology from Columbia University. This year she will complete an MFA in nonfiction, also from Columbia, where she has been an instructor in the University Writing Program. She is currently working on her first book, a memoir / social history of the 1960s, from which her essay \"Lucky Girl\" is adapted. PATRICIA SMITH is the author of five books of poetry, including Blood Dazzler, chronicling the tragedy of Hurricane Katrina, which was a finalist for the 2008 National Book Award, and Teahouse of the Almighty, a National Poetry Series selection. Her work has appeared in Poetry, The Paris Review, TriQuarterly, and The Best American Poetry 2011. She is a Pushcart Prize winner and a four-time individual champion of the National Poetry Slam, the most successful poet in the competition's history. RESHMA MEMON YAQUB wouldn't even be fit to write a grocery list were it not for her guardian editors. Her stories owe many glorious plot twists to Zain, eleven, and Zach, seven. Ditto their dad (Amer) and grandparents (Ali, Razia, Muhammad, Nasreen). Costars: Sophie, Sana, Yousef, and Maryam. Miss Yaqub lives in Bethesda, Maryland. Her next project is an investigation into the whereabouts   of two missing people: Mr. Right and Ms. Memoir Literary Agent. \n Answer: Big Machine.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following won the Shirley Jackson Award?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f554800067844fce9d7f29354f8ec774",
            "input": "Article: Summer time is a great opportunity for kids to learn how to work and earn a little bit of spending money. If your child needs a summer job, here are a few options to consider: Lemonade/Cookie Stand Benefits Creates a concept of running a business: Your child will be his own boss, set his own price , and run the show. It's a great introduction to running his own business. Limited Start-Up Costs: The things used to make lemonade are cheap, so your child should be able to get back his investment with a handful of sales. What Kids Learn About Money: Your child will learn a very valuable lesson about pricing. The price of his lemonade will decide how much he can sell, if he will recover his investment and the amount of profit. Yard Work Benefits: Repeated Customers: If a homeowner needs help raking   this year, he'll probably want help again next year. Your child should be able to maintain a regular set of customers after one season. Safety: Yard work is generally safer than a lawn-mowing job. Without having to operate machines, your child will be much safer. What Kids Learn About Money: Because of the variability   in pay, your child will need to learn how to negotiate  a fair price with homeowners if they ask. Lifeguard Benefits: Responsibility: Kids learn a lot about responsibility when lifeguarding. They are within rights to tell whether a certain activity is safe and are allowed to take action as they see fit. Exercise: Lifeguards need to be proficient at swimming and must exercise to stay in shape. What Kids Learn About Money: To be a lifeguard, one must be certified. Your child may have to pay for lifeguard training, although some employers provide it on-site. \n Answer: To own repeated customers.",
            "output": [
                "Which one is not the benefit of selling lemonade or cookies for children?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-08b4c03b84fc4418934becdc935971d0",
            "input": "Article: Beijing opera or Peking opera (Pinyin: Jingju) is a form of Chinese opera which arose in the late 18th century and became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century.The form was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China.Major performance troupes (,) are based in Beijing and Tianjin in the north,and Shanghai in the south.The art form is also enjoyed in Taiwan,and has spread to other countries such as the United States and Japan. Beijing opera features four main types of performers.Performing troupes often have several of each variety,as well as numerous secondary and tertiary performers.With their elaborate (,) and colorful costumes,performers are the only focal points on Beijing opera's characteristically small stage.They make use of the skills of speech,song,dance,and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive,rather than realistic.Above all else,the skill of performers is evaluated according to the beauty of their movements.Performers also hold a variety of stylistic conventions that help audiences navigate the plot of the production.The layers of meaning within each movement must be expressed in time with music.The music of Beijing opera can be divided into the Xipi and Erhuang styles.Melodies include arias  ,fixed-tune melodies,and percussion patterns.The repertoire of Beijing opera includes over 1,400 works,which are based on Chinese history,folklore,and,increasingly,contemporary life. In recent years,Beijing opera has attempted numerous reforms in response to sagging audience numbers.These reforms,which include improving performance quality,adapting new performance elements,and performing new and original plays,have met with mixed success.Some Western works have been adopted as new plays,but a lack of funding and an adverse political climate have left Beijing opera's fate uncertain as the form enters the 21st century. \n Answer: About one and a half centuries.",
            "output": [
                "How long has Beijing Opera become a popular art form?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-34400796fe444a909c5b0a5ba197b90b",
            "input": "Article: Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technologic I shift. It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars y there doesn't seem to be a dear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they'd like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not. The fact that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how varying the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now-and no one can get one yet-but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly involved. Actually, this isn't surprising. Whereas older generations are sometimes unwilling to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited moving or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic use-cases for driverless cars. This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones. When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are easily noticeable based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education. 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less. Where a person lives matters, too. More people who live in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas. While there's reason to believe that interest in 8elf-driving cars is going up across the hoard, a person's age will have little to Ho with how self-driving cars can become mainstream. Once driverless cars are actually available for sale, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them. \n Answer: It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the influence of a new technology, according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-97e6c10c109b472cb30d723bfa3c5172",
            "input": "Article: When I was 12, I got a part-time job on a dairy farm, milking cows. We milked 65 cows twice a day. One day, I complained to my father about having to go milk those cows, saying it was tiring. He said, you know, boy, to work is a blessing. I looked at the men who'd worked harder. I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in.  Back then, going to college was a rare privilege. My father told me if I'd picked something to study that I liked doing, I'd always look forward to my work. But he also added, even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all. I wanted to be a farmer, but I joined a military program to help pay for college. And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I had been devoted to for 37 years. In the late 1980s, during a visit to Bangladesh, I saw a woman with her baby on her back, breaking bricks with a hammer. I asked a local officer why they weren't using a machine to make the work easier. He told me a machine would put that lady out of work. And as bad as that woman's job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive. It reminded me of my father's words: to work is a blessing.  After seeing a lot of people like that woman in Bangladesh, I've come to believe that people without jobs are not free. They're victims of crime, poor health, and depression. People who have jobs can have a home, send their kids to school, develop a sense of pride, contribute to the good of the community and even help others. When we can work, we are free. We are blessed. \n Answer: To work is a blessing",
            "output": [
                "Which can be the best title of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e965e8d0b4d4ceeb6205a14572cbd9a",
            "input": "Article: The American tradition of Thanksgiving dates back to colonial times, to the Pilgrims  of Plymouth rock Colony. To escape religious persecution  in England, the Pilgrims journeyed to the New World on their ship, the Mayflower. After a long journey, they finally arrived at Plymouth Rock in autumn of 1620. They could not finish building the settlement before winter, so many froze to death. They ate most of their food on the journey over, so many also starved. However, the Pilgrims met a Native American named Tisquantum, or Squanto as he was better known, who taught them how to plant corn and catch eel . By the same time next year, the Pilgrims had built a steady settlement, and had a bountiful harvest. To thank the Native Americans for their help and to celebrate the harvest, the Pilgrims held a grand banquet . Together, they feasted on corn, yams, fish, and most importantly: roast turkey, which became the highlight of the modern Thanksgiving feast. Schools always make a big deal about Thanksgiving, because they feel that it teaches children how to be thankful and to treat others with kindness. I spent the many years of elementary school making paper turkeys, fake cornucopias(a shell filled with food, a symbol of the holiday), and writing lists of what I'm thankful for. When I grew older, I watched movies and read books about the First Thanksgiving, and completed crossword puzzles and word searches filled with holiday themed words. While the idea for Thanksgiving is great, and it is a wonderful opportunity to instill certain values in children, I don't think we should name a special holiday for being thankful. We should be thankful for what we have every day, not just Thanksgiving. \n Answer: Religious beliefs.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main reason for the English Pilgrims to leave their home country?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9bc5ddbb99b4123b340eac3cb9a1c20",
            "input": "Article: Before we start a voyage, we usually try to find out more or less definitely where we are bound and how we are supposed to get there. I happen to have the \"Concise Oxford dictionary\" on my desk and that will do as well as any other. The word I am looking for appears at the bottom of Page 344. edition 1912. \"Geography: the science of the earth's surface, form, physical features, natural and political divisions, climate, productions and population.\" I could not possibly hope to do better, but I still stress some of the aspects of the case at the expenses of others,  because I intend to place man in the centre of the stage. This book of mine will not merely discuss the surface of the earth and its physical features, together with its political and natural boundaries. I would rather call it a study of man in search of food and shelter and leisure for himself and for his family and an attempt to his background or has reshaped his physical surroundings in order to be comfortable and well nourished and happy with his limited strength. Among the two million human beings in the world, there is of course the widest possible range for all sorts of experiments of an economic and social and cultural nature. It seems me that those experiments deserve our attention before anything else. For a mountain is after all merely a mountain until it has been seen by human eyes and has been walked on by human feet and until its and slopes and valleys have been occupied and fought over and planted by a dozen generation of hungry settlers. The Atlantic Ocean was just as wide and deep and as wet and salty before the beginning of the 13th century as after, but it took the human touch to make it what it is today--a bridge between the New World and the Old, the highway for the commerce between East and West. For thousands of years the endless Russian plains lay ready to offer their abundant harvest to whoever should take the trouble to sow the first grain. But the aspect of that country today would he a very different one if the hand of a German or a Frank, rather than that of a Slav, had guided the iron-pointed stick that plowed the first furrows  . The island of Nippon would shake and quake just as continually, whether they happened to be settled by Japanese or by the Tasmanian race, but in the latter case they would hardly be able to feed 60,000,000 people. Generally speaking, I have paid more attention to the purely \"human\" side of geography than to the commercial problems which are so important in a day and age devoted to mass production. \n Answer: Human touch makes it important.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is implied about the Atlantic Ocean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6101280e50294aa7b3e7b095c62a1d7f",
            "input": "Article: Agnes Miller was one of the earliest leaders of the Women's Liberation Movement in the United States. She was born on a farm in Missouri in 1892. Strangely enough she had a very happy life as a child. She was the only daughter and the youngest child of five. Her parents and her brothers always treated her as their favorite. In 1896 the family moved to Chicago. Three years later they moved back to St. Louis where Agnes spent the rest of her childhood. She enjoyed her years in school and was an excellent student of mathematics. She also was quite skillful as a painter. It was when Agnes went off to college that she first learned that women were not treated as equals. She didn't like being treated unequally but she tried not to notice it. After graduating from college she tried to get a job in her major field--physics. She soon found it was almost impossible for a woman. Agnes spent a full year looking for a job. Finally she gave up in anger. She began writing letters of anger to various newspapers. An editor in New York liked her ideas very much. He specially liked her style. He asked her to do a series of stories on the difficulties that women had in finding a job. And there she began her great fight for equal rights for women. \n Answer: St. Louis and Chicago.",
            "output": [
                "Where did Agnes spend her childhood?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5c42761c5c7d4a5faf5baccdb716c4e9",
            "input": "Article: The new two-child policy is making job hunting more difficult for women when about 40 percent of them said they were asked whether they planned to have a second child during job interviews, according to a report in Chongqing. China dropped its decades-long one-child policy in October and allowed each family to have two children. The country now has about 270 million married women of childbearing age. This change has put millions of career women in a dilemma between family and career. Employers also face big challenges as more female workers will have two childbearing leaves, seven to eight months altogether. A human resources website www.job.cq.qq.com conducted a survey among 500 employers and 5,000 job seekers about how the two-child policy affects the job market. Though two thirds of employers said the policy would make no difference to their recruitment , the survey showed that more than 70 percent of job seekers believe that bearing a second child will make women less popular in the job market. Forty percent of employers said they will give priority to married women with two children, according to the survey. Lin Xia, 29, quit her job after giving birth to her first child. She is now preparing to return to work. After several inquiries at a job fair, she found that the employers are concerned about future birth plans. \"I thought it would be easier to find a job after giving birth,\" she was quoted as saying by the website. \"I had to answer whether I will have a second child before I could get a chance for a job interview.\" Liang Siqi, 23, a college graduate, said although employers did not ask her the child question yet, she will not plan to have two children. \"It (having two children) will definitely affect my career and personal life, so I will have only one,\" she said. Zhou Jiansong, who is in charge of human resources at a large private high-tech group in Chongqing, said the company will discuss birth issues with interviewees in order to make a better work plans. \"We fully respect a women's right to bear a child or two,\" he said. \"But you don't want them to go on a childbearing leave soon after they join your company.\" The experts expect more labor dispute cases concerning childbearing leave rights when bearing a second child in future. \n Answer: Those who have two children may find it easier to get a job.",
            "output": [
                "As for the influence of the new policy on working women, which of the following is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-be997211d14e4c1484afb2220f00b883",
            "input": "Article: Four hundred and three babies are crying loudly. Do you know how to make them quiet in 41 seconds? There is an amazing new product on sale in prefix = st1 /Japanwhich does exactly this. It is an LP (a long-playing record) of sounds from inside a mother's body, which a hospital doctor recorded. In tests with the record she played the LP to 403 crying babies. After 41 seconds not one baby was crying and 161 of them were sleeping.  The record began as an experiment by Professor Hajime Minooka of the Nippon Medical University near Tokyo. He was looking for something natural that helped new-born babies go to sleep. The sound of the mothers' heart-beat and other body sounds are the things the babies heard inside their mothers. They feel safe and happy when they hear these sounds again. And they go to sleep.  Hospitals in Osaka and Tokyoare using the LP. 10, 000 young couples are using it too. Toshiba Music Company who makes and sells the records is very happy. One and a half million couples marry every year inJapan. Many will have babies, so the LP will definitely be a hit! \n Answer: One million and a half babies are born inJapanevery year.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-43bdad77e55742f4a94096af478f3769",
            "input": "Article: My daughter went to see The Wild One recently and she commented that Marlon Brando was wearing jeans so long ago. Of course he helped set the trend, so that got me thinking about the link between films and trends in fashion. Fashion and films have gone hand in hand for long. The Wild One is a good example: it appeared in 1954, starring Brando. Dressed in a black leather motorcycle jacket, leather cap and jeans, he created a look which is still considered \"cool\" today. Everyone from Madonna to middle-aged men is seen wearing the classic leather motorcycle jacket. Another strong influence on fashion trends was Breakfast at Tiffany's, starring Audrey Hepburn. She made famous the simple black dress that looks perfect at either a cocktail party or just standing around an expensive department store like Tiffany's with a pastry and coffee in your hand, as Audrey Hepburn does in the film. She looks so elegant, wearing simple but beautiful dresses, big dark glasses and a string of pearls around her neck. Audrey Hepburn still influences women's fashion with her \"Tiffany's look\". In more modern times, the film star Uma Thurman created a major fashion trend when she appeared in the film Pulp Fiction, made in 1994. Her style was very simple. Her black trousers, crisp white shirt and hair style was copied by women in the world. Influencing fashion trends can often be about timing. The movie Memoirs of a Geisha came just in time to start a trend in Japanese fashion. It started the Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi, who wore beautiful silk kimonos , and it won an Oscar for Costume Design. Many travel companies picked up on the trend and ran \"geisha trips\" to Japan. The film has also led to a regained interest in kimonos. It is now quite common to see young Japanese women wearing kimonos not just on traditional occasions, but at various social events. The fashion is also beginning to spread to western countries. \n Answer: Films and fashion.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b9fb8b726e4c498aa0dc2b23ec86b56b",
            "input": "Article: A new research shows that in Britain more and more people are returning to the old tradition that the whole family have a meal at table. Worrying about the obesity and breakdown of a family, people change their eating habits so greatly, according to analysis. They find the number of the family having a meal together increases by 5% from 2002 to 2004, and most people who have meals with their family come from the rich social class. The new discovery makes doctors and the people struggling against obesity extremely excited. Giving up the tradition that the whole family have a meal together is exactly one of the reasons for a series of problems including children's overweight. If a child has a meal in front of the television or the computer alone, he will often eat some fast food. Jason Collins is one of the persons returning to the old tradition. Collins is a manager of a bake  house. He finds after he gets used to having a meal at home with his child, the child becomes much more obedient . Dr. Jin is a child psychologist, and she expresses welcome to this result of the study.  She says it can make parents have a very good chance to chat with the child when the whole family have a meal together. \n Answer: Worrying about health and family problems.",
            "output": [
                "What makes people change their eating habit back to the old tradition in Britain?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-826d6bc0cd1e4d0b936dd0d8bdd1ba68",
            "input": "Article: I'd always dreamed of exploring Africa, ever since I read my first Tarzan(<<>> )comic as a child. Finally, in 2004, to celebrate my 60thbirthday, I went to Tanzania to experience a safari and climb Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. Seated next to me on the flight was Tanzania's minister of water and wildlife development. We talked for thousands of miles, and he arranged me to visit a school. When I toured the school, I was shocked. The leaky roofs turned the dirt floors into mud during the rainy season, and the walls couldn't keep out the heat, cold or bugs . The school was in need of all material goods, but the kids possessed great human spirit. It broke my heart that these children had to struggle to survive, so I asked the headmaster what it would cost to feed them. As little as 20 cents per child per day, he told me. Immediately I got home, I founded Kids of Kilimanjaro. Since then we've grown to provide hot lunches for nearly 13,000 schoolchildren every day. The free lunch program has eased a major problem the youngsters face. I know a good education could really make a difference in these children's lives. My parents always stressed the importance of education. I paid my own way through college in Tokyo by teaching English to students and businesspeople. After attending university I moved to San Francisco, when I was 25 years old. In 1978 I realized my American dream when I founded my own company. My success all started with a good education. It's amazing that something as simple as a nutritious lunch can change and enrich so many lives. Giving young people a better, healthier life can inspire them to go all the way through college and lead a movement that transforms their country. \n Answer: He was curious about what Africa was like.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author go to Tanzania to celebrate his 60thbirthday?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2cdc2855f0b84d19b5da13e665e9b925",
            "input": "Article: BEIJING--As China scrambles to respond to the choking smog that has _ Beijing in recent weeks, authorities in several major cities are experimenting with carbon trading platforms. The schemes are one effort to get control over greenhouse gases in an economy still hungry for cheap energy. It has been a persistent concern in recent years, but the spiking pollution levels in January are sparking a public outcry. Emissions from coal-fired electricity plants and busy factories are part of the problem that officials hope to get control over through carbon trading platforms. Seven cities are expected to open carbon markets later this year, including Tianjin. \"The government has decided to start with programs because the carbon trading is something new to China,\" said David Tang, secretary of the board of the Tianjin Carbon Exchange. \"So we want to have a number of programs to explore the use of the market.\" said Tang. China wants to launch a national carbon trading program by 2016. If it is successful, analysts say, the program would be one of the largest in the world and would help the country meet its target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions by 45 percent within seven years. The platforms allow companies to earn credits for lowering greenhouse gas emissions, which can then be traded. If it works, it would encourage for-profit businesses to invest in green technology. As public concern builds pressure for the government to find a solution, Wu Changhua, greater China director of the Climate Group, says there is a broad shift under way in how Chinese weigh their quality of life. China has long put economic growth ahead of environmental concerns, making it the world's biggest polluter. Carbon trading supporters hope that the markets could be one way to curb pollution and keep the economy growing. \n Answer: The choking smog may promote their development.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about carbon trading platforms?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-05d1f91ed98e4191803e55da0287498b",
            "input": "Article: Chinese car makers have narrowed the quality gap with their foreign rivals in the world's largest vehicle market to the smallest level in seven years, according to research. But the improvements have not been enough to see an obvious drop in the market share for local car companies this year, raising questions about their ability to be global competitors. The annual quality survey of China's car market by J.D. Power, a Californian market research company, tracks the number of mechanical and design problems reported per 100 vehicles by more than 21,000 Chinese drivers. It documented 131 problems per 100 domestic  vehicles, compared with 95 per 100 foreign vehicles. The 36-point gap was the narrowest in the study's seven-year history. When China overtook the US as the world's largest car maker in the 2009, the gap between domestic and foreign cars was 145 points. \"It's evidence to the improvements that domestic brands have been making,\" said Geoff Broderick, head of J.D. Power's operations. \"By 2018 the domestic and the global brands will be equal in terms of quality.\" Despite the steady improvement in quality, local vehicle makers have been performing poorly this year. According to the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, domestic brand's share of the market for cars--not including SUVs--has fallen from about 25 percent to 20 percent. \"Chinese customers are very picky in the world because they have been trained to distrust products,\" said Mr Broderick, citing scandals  affecting baby milk powder and toys. \"They go into a situation expecting there could be quality issues, whereas in the West we trust the brands. \n Answer: 36 points.",
            "output": [
                "What was the gap between Chinese vehicles and foreign vehicles in 2016?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f751c8e49b7b44e1b2951567e2cdd185",
            "input": "Article: Annalisee Brasil, a 14-year-old girl, is one of the brightest kids of her generation. When Annalisee was 3, her mother Angi noticed that she was stringing together word cards into correct sentences. After the girl turned 6, her mother took her for an IQ text. Her IQ is above 145, placing the girl in the top 0.1% of the population. Annalisee should be the star pupil at school. She is witty and pretty, and it's easy to imagine she would get along well at school. But Annalisee's parents couldn't find a school willing to take their daughter. So her mother homeschooled Annalisee. But Angi felt something was missing in her daughter's life. Annalisee didn't have a rich social network of other kids. She had trouble getting along with others. She described herself as a \" _ \" and said other students sometimes were jealous of her. What's needed is a new model for gifted education. That's the idea behind the Davidson Academy of Nevada. At the academy, all the kids are skipping ahead quickly. However, the academy's most important gift to its students is social, not academic. One of the main functions of the school is to provide a good social setting for the highly gifted. Last year the school enrolled Annalisee, which has been good for her. She has made friends at the academy. She has also developed an interest in calculus  and biochemistry . Socially, Annalisee is finally learning to get along with others. \"It's been interesting having to deal with that and getting used to the judgments of other kinds,\" she said. \"We get into arguments a lot, because we're all really smart people with opinions, and it doesn't always turn out that great. Sometimes I take things a little too personally.\" What is the passage mainly about? Annalisee Brasil----the star pupil at school. A smart girl who entered a proper school and benefited from gifted education. A smart girl who had trouble getting along with others. A girl who was too smart to find a suitable school. \n Answer: After being enrolled by the academy, Annalisee enjoyed her school life without ant argument with her classmates.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ee6dc9d957e4ef08d3ba2210b6c59c7",
            "input": "Article: Men are spending more and more time in the kitchen encouraged by celebrity   chefs like Gordon Ramsay and Jamie Oliver, according to a report from Oxford University. The effect of the celebrity role models, who have given cooking a more manly picture, has combined with a more general drive towards sexual equality and men now spend more than twice the amount of time preparing meals than they did in 1961. According to the research by Prof. Jonatahn Gershuny, who runs the Centre for Time Research at Oxford, men now spend more than half an hour a day cooking, up from just 12 minutes a day in 1961. Prof. Gershuny said, \"The man in the kitchen is part of a much wider social trend. There has been 40 years of sexual equality, but there is another 40 years probably to come.\" Women, who a generation ago spent nearly two hours a day cooking, now spend just one hour and seven minutes--a great fall, but they still spend far more time in the kitchen than men. Some experts have named these men in aprons as \"Gastrosexuals (men using cooking skills to impress friends)\", who have been inspired to pick up a kitchen knife by the success of Ramsay, Oliver as well as other male celebrity chefs such as Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, Marco Pierre White and Keith Floyd. \"I was married in 1974. When my father came to visit me a few weeks later, I was wearing an apron when I opened the door. He laughed,\" said Prof. Gershuny. \"That would never happen now.\" Two-thirds of adults say that they come together to share at least three times a week, even if it is not necessarily around a kitchen or dining room table. Prof. Gershuny pointed out that the family meal was now rarely eaten by all of its members around a table--with many \"family meals\" in fact taken on the sofa in the sitting room, and shared by family members. \"The family meal has changed a lot, and few of us eat--as I did when I was a child--at least two meals a day together as a family. But it has survived in a different format.\" \n Answer: The development of sexual equality campaign.",
            "output": [
                "What is one reason behind the trend that men spend more time cooking than before?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1d88be5c60074f419281e44ed3794c03",
            "input": "Article: According to the British \"Daily Mail\" reported on May 22nd, the United States of America \"Forbes\" magazine recently released the 2013 annual \"most powerful women list\". German Chancellor(,) Angela Merkel for three consecutive  years reelected top. There are 9 Chinese including Chinese first lady--Peng Liyuan. Brazil President Dilma Rousseff ranked second. \"Bill and Melinda Gates foundation\" co-chairman, Gate's wife Mi Linda (Melinda Gates) was third. The United States first lady Michel (wife of Obama) in 2010 in the first, from 2012 second drop to fourth. Former American Secretary of state Hillary Clinton as a fifth. The queen of England fell 12,drop to fortieth. another list of British women's female writer JK Rowling, ranked ninety-third. The list of Chinese women, including Chinese President Xi Jinping's wife Peng Liyuan, intelligent mobile phone maker HTC founder Wang Xuehong, chief executive of Chongqing Longhu real estate development limited company chairman Wu Yajun, SOHO China Ltd and co-founder Zhang Xin, the World Health Organization Director-General Chen Fengfuzhen (Margaret Chan), Huawei chairman Sun Yafang, the Li Jiacheng Foundation Director Zhou triumph, Baidu Inc chief financial officer Li Xinzhe, Sun Media Klc Holdings Ltd chairman Yang Lan. \"Forbes\" magazine said, this year the list of people are political, business, media, the humanitarian field, entertainment and technology industry elite , but also some women were selected because of the huge wealth, including funds, media exposure and influence. The entertainment industry representatives include Beyonce Knowles, actress Anngelina Jolie and Lady Gaga. The list of women from 26 countries, there are 153000000 of them in Twitter \"fans\", 16 of them own Create Company. There are 15 new this year, including South Korean President Park Geun-hye . If you want to know more, click chinadaily.com.cn. \n Answer: four times",
            "output": [
                "How many times has German Chancellor Angela Merkel won the first place according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dab0bed6999748a6b700791849526158",
            "input": "Article: Generational differences and the economy are shifting more responsibilities for children from their parents to grandparents, according to a new survey. More than one-third of grandparents aged 50 and older contribute financially to their grandchildren's upbringing, and 11 percent have a grandchild living with them, the poll by AARP showed. 40 percent of people who responded to the telephone survey, whose average age was 69, reported spending more than $500 on grandchildren over the past year beyond traditional gifts. Education costs accounted for about 50 percent, daily expenses for about 32 percent and medical and dental costs for about 18 percent.16 percent provided daycare for grandchildren. \"They are the safety nets for American families, helping to pay for practical expenses and necessities,\"said Amy Goyer, AARP's multigenerational and family issues   expert. \"We see many providing daycare services, while growing numbers even have grandchildren living with them,\"she said, referring to the 16 percent who watch their grandchildren while the parents are at work or at school. Overall, nearly 90 percent of the 1,904 grandparents questioned said they play a very or somewhat important role in their grandchildren's lives, and about 70 percent live within 50 miles of the closest one. The poll conducted by Woelfel Research Inc. also showed that grandparents increasingly adapted to the younger generation's life issues and preferred ways of communicating. More than one-third connect with their grandchildren via email, Skype or text messaging, while half said they routinely discuss topics ranging from values to drug and alcohol use. Nearly 40 percent said they had discussed dating or sex with at least one grandchild. About 60 percent said they spoke with their grandchildren at least once a week. Most of the grandparents said they had five or more grandchildren, while one-fourth said they have grandchildren of a different race, mixed race or different ethnicity. \n Answer: When there are three generations in the family.",
            "output": [
                "When do the 16% of the grandparents polled take care of their grandchildren?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9ddbbcd18664148a36601be28c939b4",
            "input": "Article: Regularly staying late at the office significantly increases the risk of having a stroke or heart attack, researchers have found, working just an hour extra each day pushes up stroke risk by 10 per cent, according to a huge review of working patterns. And people who work an extra three hours a day--or 55 hours a week--are 33 per cent more likely to have a stroke, the scientists found. The research, published in the Lancet medical journal, is based on health records of more than 500, 000 people across Europe, the US and Australia. Scientists led by University College London warned that people who work longer hours tend to do less exercise, sit at a computer for hours at a time and drink more than people with a better work-life balance. Repeated stress may also be to blame for greater health problems, the scientists think. They looked at the combined result of 17 previous studies, in which 529, 000 people were tracked over an average of seven years. Experts stressed that the study had only found a link between hours worked and heart problems---it had not proved what had actually caused each death. But they warned people to take note of the findings. Dr Tim Chico, consultant cardiologist at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, said \"For many people, reducing their working hours would be difficult or impossible, and this study does not show that it would reduce the risk of stroke.\" Most of us could reduce the amount of time we spend sitting down, increase our physical activity and improve our diet while working and this might be more important the more time we spend at work. \n Answer: Europe, the US and Australia.",
            "output": [
                "Which areas are involved in the research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c1b907e831804162b203bdf9d8f3ec6e",
            "input": "Article: The Outdoor Centre Opening times Water sports: 10 a.m. -- 6 p.m. Play Park: 10 a.m. -- 5:30 p.m. Windsurfing -- One-day course Beginner windsurfing courses are offered on Saturdays and Sundays when the weather is good enough. Learning to windsurf is a lot of fun. The excitement when you sail across the water for the first time is not easily forgotten. Boards with small sails are available for beginners. Course fee: PS32 for adults;  PS16 for children under 16  (this includes all equipment) One-day adventure course This is the opportunity you have been waiting for. Come and try sailing, climbing, surfing and archery . This course is intended to introduce outdoor activities to adults in a fun and leisurely   manner. You do not need to be very fit or to have previous  experience with the activities. All you need is to be interested. Course fee: PS22.50 Play Park The Play Park is suitable for children from two to ten years of age. It is one of the best of its type in the country. It has sand and water playgrounds, slides, large pool balls, a play castle and much, much more. Next year the center will open Play Palace and Play Ship. Summer adventure holidays Sailing, Climbing, Windsurfing, Fun Games Fee: PS50 for adults; PS30 for children under 16 Statement: Safety is of primary importance at the Outdoor Center. All staff members are fully trained in first aid, and qualified to teach the activities on offer. We also make sure that all children only take part in activities that are suitable for their ages and physical abilities. For this programme children must be able to swim 25 metres and be in good physical health. \n Answer: PS80.",
            "output": [
                "If Mr. Brown and his two sons (ages 12 and 14) go to learn windsurfing, how much will they pay?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4df17758ec444cc68728550b3b0ddfa3",
            "input": "Article: In many African countries, the care of orphans has been mainly led by foreign donor organizations. However, Sister Florence has changed all that. Using her own resources, Sister Florence is leading the work of raising orphans from different backgrounds. Sister Florence Wanjala's biggest motivation to start the orphan program was when she saw a little boy whose parents had died. The boy was living with a cruel grandparent and he would visit the grave of his mother, crying for support. Sister Wanjala wanted to give a helping hand and give him hope. From that time, she started feeling the call to help a larger number of orphans. She opened an office with a few friends and coordinated  a program to help the orphans. All the registrations were done in the office and the program so far has 8000 children. Sister Wanjala said, \"My dream is to help the orphan to live a holistic  life and be a good Kenyan citizen to help this country. Many people think that the way to support orphans is to put them in an institution . Others support them up to the age of eighteen, but here, we do it very differently.\" For Sister Wanjala, _ She prefers the orphans to live in a foster  home. She said, \"I'm so encouraged and happy to see the orphans succeeding. When they come first or second in class, it shows how the program has helped them, and that's encouraging to me as I continue to coordinate the program.\"Through her charity work, more than 1000 orphans have been able to find a home. Sister Wanjala, as a mother, takes care of her own family. \n Answer: Her successful charity work.",
            "output": [
                "What inspired Sister Wanjala to start the orphan program?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f3cbc710cc094697923459278f306bbc",
            "input": "Article: Never Talk to Strangers? \"Never talk to strangers.\" Many children are taught this simple rule as a precaution against abduction . In June, 2005, an 11-year-old boy was lost in the Utah wilderness for four days. During that time, he stayed on the path. He saw people searching for him but deliberately hid from them, afraid someone might \"steal\" him. Eventually, the unfortunate game of hide-and-seek ended and he was found. According to the Canada Safety Council, this alarming incident shows how unwise it is to instill  a fear of strangers in children. The \"stranger danger\" message can prevent children from developing the social skills and judgment needed to deal effectively with real-life situations. In a difficult situation, a stranger could be their lifeline to safety. To have a child go missing is a parent's worst nightmare. The threat of abduction by a stranger is minimal when compared with other possible reasons for a disappearance. In 2004, there were 67,266 missing-children cases in Canada. Only 31 involved abduction; in most of those cases the abductor was a relative, friend, or person known to the family. There were 671 cases of children wandering off, and 332 cases of abductions by a parent. Almost 80 percent of all cases were runaways. These statistics cast doubt on the idea that children should never talk to strangers. Wandering off is more common--but a lost children may have to call upon a stranger for help, and must develop the ability to judge what kind of people to approach. The \"never talk to strangers\" rule does not protect children in the situations they are most likely to face. On top of this, it can be confusing. Adults do not model the behaviour; they often talk to strangers. A child may not know how to tell who is a stranger, and who is not. For young children, nothing replaces close supervision . Pre-schoolers do not understand risk and tend to act without thinking. Children need to develop habits and sttitudes that will protect them from the real threats and dangers they may face. The Canada Safety Council encourages parents to give their children age-appropriate positive messages about safety, bearing in mind how youngsters may understand their world. \n Answer: He stayed where he was, expecting the coming of familiar people.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true about the 11-year-old boy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-59f9bb2c81a445d3ac08ad5bd66233ca",
            "input": "Article: Living in a foreign culture there are many times when I realize that my perspective   on life is drastically different from those Koreans I interact   with on a daily basis. This past week I have been greatly challenged to change my perspective and here is why. My dream in life is to become a doctor, one who changes the world. But last week I opened an email from UBC that contained the words \"regrets\", no interview. I didn't get an interview to medical school, thus will not be entering school for September 2009. My immediate reaction was one of extreme disappointment and anger--mostly directed at myself for not working hard enough, for not seeking out the opportunities necessary to have a good application, for simply not being good enough. My mind was full of hopelessness and despair that left me with no desire to further seek for the dream that I've held for quite a time now. During the past week two things happened. At church our pastor mentioned perspective in a section of his sermon  . He stated that when we take our eyes off ourselves and realize God's greatness, our circumstances will be seen through a new perspective. The second thing that reminded me to look at perspective was reading a book. The Mitford Series is so good if you are looking for books to read. So last night I was reading and one of the main characters (who is a priest) is trying to figure out what to say at church. His sermon ended up saying \"In everything we give thanks.\" It is easy to give thanks when we feel successful in life. It is easy to give thanks when we receive a blessing. But seriously, who in their right mind says thanks for the financial problems I have? \n Answer: Disappointed.",
            "output": [
                "How did she feel when the author received the email from UBC?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b87ef9af9141408ab2ed4e7c10ade32f",
            "input": "Article: Dr.Michael Prager, a leading Botox expert, said that a growing number of women are developing something called \"computer face\".He also mentioned that professionals who worked long hours in front of a screen were ending up with saggy jowls , \"turkey neck\" and deep-set wrinkles on their forehead and around their eyes. The Botox expert said that, of all his clients, office workers were most likely to show premature signs of ageing.\"If you are one of the unfortunate people who frown while you are concentrating on the screen then, over time, you will inevitably end up with frown lines,\" Dr.Prager said.\"What is perhaps more surprising is the number of women with saggy jowls because they are sitting in one position for so long.If you spend most of the time looking down then the neck muscles shorten and go saggy, eventually giving you a second neck.\" Dr.Prager, who has a practice near Harley Street in London, said he encourages his clients to put a mirror next to their computer so they can see if they are frowning at the screen.\"When people are stressed or thinking hard about something, then they will often put on a 'grumpy face' without even knowing what they are doing.When my clients put a mirror next to their desk, they are often shocked by the angry, frowning face which stares back at them.\" He said, \"The women I am seeing at the moment have only been using computers at work for the last decade or so.But women in their 20s have grown up with them and use them for every single task.I think the problem is going to become much, much worse.In another ten years, they could be looking quite awful.\" Dr.Prager said there were several simple steps which could avoid \"computer face\" such as regular screen breaks and stretching the neck muscles.And, of course, there was always Botox.He said that, after a couple of sessions of Botox, the habit of \"grumpy face\" could be broken. \n Answer: Sitting in the same place for a long time.",
            "output": [
                "In what way do women develop a \"computer face\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-537efe3ff94e4f80b4ac91442449b0e5",
            "input": "Article: The Boy Made It! One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn't have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute. Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use. He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter form the freezing wind and snow. If he didn't, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him. Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could. By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn't lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could- he huddled  in his cave and slept. The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn't find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved. Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls' survival show. Man vs. Wild. That's where he learned the tips that saved his life, In each episode of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out. When Grylls heard about Nicholas' amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive. \n Answer: He got lost.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-29060edfedea4c57b0b9560b245a686f",
            "input": "Article: It is a novel that is probably more talked about than read. People think: \"It's such a big book! It has such a serious theme!\" The feeling that they are going to be taught a long, hard lesson often puts readers off. But really, War and Peace (1869), which tells the stories of five upper-class families in Russia at the time of the 1812 French invasion, is not to be missed. Reading this novel is one of those once-in-a-lifetime experiences, like climbing the Great Wall: You will regret it if you do not try. Earlier this month, USA Today reported that a six-episode   War and Peace miniseries   produced by the BBC would air next year. With a complex plot and so many characters, readers unfamiliar with the work might be most interested in the characters from the financially-troubled Rostov family of Moscow. Count Rostov has four teenage children. Natasha is in love with Boris Drubetskoy, who is about to become an army officer. Nikolai Ilyich loves the poor Sonya, a ward   of the family, but his family is not happy with their relationship. The proud Vera is about to start a happy marriage with a German-Russian officer. The youngest Rostov is the 9-year-old Petya, who, like his brother Nikolai, has his heart set on fighting for his country. The lives of all are about to be changed by the upcoming great war that involves many other major characters of War and Peace, such as Prince Andrei, who goes into a military career partly in order to get away from his unhappy marriage to the socialite   Lise. The novel has a great reputation among many kinds of writers and millions of readers. US writer Ernest Hemingway wrote: \"I don't know anybody who could write about war better than Tolstoy did.\" A comment by the great 20th-century Russian short-story writer Isaak Babel shows the rich sense of history that Tolstoy's work conveys. \"If the world itself could write, it would write like Tolstoy,\" Babel commented. \n Answer: The story is too long and has too serious a theme.",
            "output": [
                "Why do people prefer to talk about the novel rather than read it?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f1387364af6648cdb1819b7771bd2746",
            "input": "Article: People in the United States honor their parents with two special days:Mother's Day, on the second Sunday in May, and Father's Day, on the third Sunday in June. These days are set aside to show love and respect for parents. They raise their children and educate them to be responsible citizens. They give love and care. These two days make us think about the changing roles of mothers and fathers. More mothers now work outside the home. More fathers must help with child care. These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mother's Day people wear carnations. A red one symbolizes a living mother. A white one shows that the mother is dead. Many people attend religious services to honor parents. It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit the cemetery .On these days families get together at home, as well as in restaurants. They often have outdoor barbecues for Father's Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories. Another tradition is to give cards and gifts. Children make them in school. Many people make their own presents. These are valued more than the ones bought in stores. It is not the value of the gift that is important, but it is \"the thought that counts\". Greeting card stores, florists, candy makers, bakeries, telephone companies, and other stores do a lot of business during these holidays. \n Answer: Parents pass away before children grow up.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT a reason for children to show love and respect for parents?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0550746ca0e3443b896b78d945b96a9f",
            "input": "Article: It was June 15, and in two days I would be turning thirty. I was not sure about entering a new decade of my life and feared that my best years were now behind me. My daily routine included going to the gym for a workout( ) before going to work. Every morning I would see my friend Nicholas at the gym. He was seventy nine years old and in terrific shape. As I greeted Nicholas on that particular day, he noticed I wasn't full of my usual vitality and asked if there was anything wrong. I told him I was feeling anxious about turning thirty. I wondered how I would look back on( )my life once I reached Nicholas's age, so I asked him, \"What was the best time of your life?\" Without hesitation, Nicholas replied, \"Well, Joe, this is my philosophical answer to your philosophical question: When I was a child in Austria and everything was taken care of for me and I was _ by my parents, that was the best time of my life. When I was going to school and learning the things I know today, that was the best time of my life. When I got my first job and had responsibilities and got paid for my efforts, that was the best time of my life. When I met my wife and fell in love, that was the best time of my life. The Second World War came, and my wife and I had to flee Austria to save our lives. When we were together and safe on a ship bound for North America, that was the best time of my life. When we came to Canada and started a family, that was the best time of my life. When I was a young father, watching my children grow up, that was the best time of my life.\" \"And now, Joe, I am seventy nine years old. I have my health, I feel good and I am in love with my wife just as I was when we first met. This is the best time of my life.\" \n Answer: June 19",
            "output": [
                "When was the writer's birthday?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9558a354c5a14852bff4f325a684f917",
            "input": "Article: I will never forget what my old headmaster told me. Normally when you are only 15years of age you do not remember most of the things that are preached by your teachers. But, this particular story is one such lesson that I will never forget. Every time I drift off course, I get reminded of this story. It was a normal Monday morning at an assembly, and he was addressing the students on important things in life and about committing ourselves to what is important to us. This is how the story went: An old man lived in a certain part of London, and he would wake up every morning and go to the subway. He would get the train right to Central London, and then sit at the street corner and beg. He would do this every single day of his life. He sat at the same street corner and begged for almost 20 years. His house was filthy, and a stench   came out of the house and it smelled horribly. The neighbours could not stand the smell anymore, so they summoned the police officers to clear the place. The officers knocked down the door and cleaned the house. There were small bags of money all over the house that he had collected over the years. The police counted the money, and they soon realized that the old man was a millionaire. They waited outside his house in anticipation to share the good news with him. When he arrived home that evening, he was met by one of the officers who told him that there was no need for him to beg any more as he was a rich man now, a millionaire. He said nothing at all: he went into his house and locked the door. The next morning he woke up as usual, went to the subway, got into the train, and sat at the street corner and continued to beg. Obviously, this old man had no great plans, dreams or anything significant for his life. We learn nothing from this story other than staying focused on the things we enjoy doing, commitment(,). We should remain true to our course, although it may mean committing ourselves to things that people around us would normally disapprove. Just keep it in mind that commitment attracts wealth. \n Answer: To tell us not to look down upon beggars.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the headmaster tell us the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-126adb8f953e4774bb6753b1e09d329b",
            "input": "Article: Famous writer Edgar Allan Poe wrote 70 poems and 66 short stories during his life,but published only one novel. That book, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon, Pym of Nantucket,is fiction,focusing on Pym's bad luck on a whaling ship. The novel,published in 1838 ,involves an attempted rebellion of the whaling ship. Pym and two others drive back the rebels,killing or throwing overboard all but one. The spared rebel, named Richard Parker,is kept aboard in order to help operate the ship. But as the ship overturns,it has no adequate food. Parker suggests that cannibalism  is the only way out,and they draw straws to determine the victim. Parker loses and becomes dinner. But in 1846 a real-life Richard Parker died in a shipwreck  . He and 20 0thers were on board the doomed Francis Spaight, which sank, killing all on board. It was a mere coincidence,as it involved neither rebellion nor cannibahsm. In 1884,the coincidence became extremely horrible. A boat named the Mignonette sank, and four people went into a lifeboat. And just like in Pym's tale,the four found themselves lacking food and were desperate. They did not draw straws;however,two of the remaining three simply killed the youngest,a cabin boy who had fallen unconscious. All three then dined on the now-dead 17 year old. The cabin boy's name,of course,was Richard Parker. As for rebellion,one needs to travel back t0 1797 ,before Poe penned his novel - although there is little evidence that Poe had known about this Richard Parker or intentionally chose his name for the Pym novel. That year,another man named Richard Parker led a rebellion of the British Naval base at Nore,taking over a number of ships. But as food was running out,Parker ordered \"his\" fleet to head toward France. The ship he was on foUowed this order but none of the other ships did,and Parker was arrested then was hanged as punishment. This series of coincidences has not gone entirely unnoticed. In 2001,author Yann Martel published The Life of Pi,which was made into a movie for release in November of 2012.lt teLls the story of a man who finds himself trapped on a lifeboat with a few animals,including a Bengal tiger. Martel showed respect for the shipwrecked men spoken about above by naming the tiger Richard Parker. And while there is probably nothing to this strange occurrence,if vour name is Richard Parker,you may want to stay away from boats. \n Answer: Cannibalism without drawing straws.",
            "output": [
                "What made the coincidence in 1884 extremely temble?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-83738742938043ea922399de6b95b99e",
            "input": "Article: Sailing Through History A group of 1,309 passengers boarded the MSBalmoralon Sunday, in Southampton, England, on a voyage to retrace the path of theTitanic. TheTitanicwas the biggest ship in the world when it sailed on its ill-fated maiden voyage in 1912. Of the 2,227 passengers and crew aboard, more than 1,500 died. The ship, which was headed to New York City, carried the rich and famous on its first voyage. It also carried immigrants, who were seeking a better life in America. Relatives of people who sailed on theTitanic, historians, authors and people fascinated by the story of the unsinkable ship, are on theBalmoral. They want to remember the doomed ship and those who died on her first and last voyage. The historic liner had set sail on April 10, 1912, from Southampton. Late at night on April 14, she hit an iceberg. In the early morning hours of April 15, theTitanicsank. TheBalmoralis followingTitanic's original route from Southampton. First, the modern-day cruise liner docked in the port of Cherbourg, France, where theTitanichad picked up more passengers. On Monday afternoon, theBalmoralstops in Cobh, Ireland, theTitanic's last port of call before sailing to New York. Balmoralwill then cruise the North Atlantic Ocean to the location whereTitanichit an iceberg that ripped the ship's hull . On Sunday, April 15, at 2:20 a.m.--the time theTitanicwent down--passengers and crew will hold a memorial service. The next two days will be spent in Halifax, Canada, where many victims of the sinking are buried. Then, theBalmoralwill reach its final destination in New York City, whereTitanicwas supposed to dock--but never did. Until today, several teams of divers have explored the site. They have recovered some items such as dishes and silverware and put them on public display. And more trips are planned to the wreckage in the future. TheTitanicand its passengers and crew have been remembered in books, movies and TV programs. But there's a much more important contribution thatTitanicgave us. After she sank, lawmakers and shipbuilders made ships safer. It took a terrible tragedy to make ship travel safer for all. \n Answer: Less than 750.",
            "output": [
                "How many passengers in Titanic survived at last?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ef4a5052cbb4459d81a82baaabe4bf6d",
            "input": "Article: I decided to go back to school in the fall of 2008 after not being happy with my current job and financial status. I obtained my Associate's Degree in May 2002 in Commercial Arts. After graduation, I had trouble obtaining a job in that field. For years, I was going from one job to another feeling unfilled, and I was not satisfied with the instability. I decided to go back to school for either International Business or Psychology. I weighed the pros and cons of both professions and Psychology won. I like helping my friends and family, when they go through hard situations in their life by giving them sound advice and being honest with them. Also, I was interested in \"the mind\". I was searching for online schools because my work schedule at my current job would not allow me to attend a regular class. I was nervous about starting online classes because I heard mixed stories from other friends who were taking online classes. I decided to do it anyway to experience something different. I wanted to find an online school that was affordable and reputable. Through my search, I discovered Walden University, which is specially for working adults who want to obtain a bachelor's degree or higher. The process of getting accepted was easy, which included writing an essay on why I wanted to attend their school, transferring my previous credits, etc. I am currently enrolled in the Bachelors program for psychology, and I am paying for college via financial-aid loans and grants. This experience has been interesting yet trying as sometimes it was difficult to balance work, school and home life. I learned a lot about psychology and myself. For example, I like writing about current events, relationships and traveling. I thought my English composition was ordinary, but after taking a few classes at Walden University, I improved my English composition and it made me feel confident enough to start writing professionally so I became a freelance   writer. Currently, I am only three classes away from obtaining my Bachelor's Degree in Psychology! It was one of the best decisions I made in my life. \n Answer: Commercial Arts",
            "output": [
                "What did the author study originally when he was in college?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f843705587ed4d9ab1f61791faf59016",
            "input": "Article: In films, dads change from cruel men to loving souls. Here is a list of good and bad movies dads .Atticus Finch in To kill a Mockingbird  GOOD DAD:A man whose wife has died with a young family and a busy job as a lawyer, Gregory Peck's character in the  1962 film is one of the great heroes of American cinema  Firm but fair he teaches his children respect and human decency .Harper Lee's novel gets a respectable transposition to film, thanks to Gregory Peck's perfect performance. Jack Torrance in The Shining BAD DAD: When Jack Torrance ,his wife ,Wendy ,and son, Danny ,escaped from the cold winter to  the Overlook Hotel  we know that Jack has hardly been a model father But when Jack becomes extremely angry and tries to murder his family with an axe, Danny used his intelligence to defeat him and left him to  freeze to death. George Bailey in It's a Wonderful life GOOD DAD: James Stewart's character is a father-of-four who is saved from the edge of suicide  and realizes his positive effect on others lives.Much of the film is unpleasant, with George shouting at his children as he faces financial problems.  But finally the lovable father realizes the worth of his own life, the value of friendship and the importance of being a loving dad Darth Vader in The Empire Strikes Back  BAD DAD: When the unfriendly cyborg told Luke Skywalker that he was his father ,the son's reaction says it all: \"No! No!\" It's hardly a joyful welcome to the family.  For most of his son's life, Darth Vader has been an absent dad--and he has just cut off Luke's hand You can understand why Father's Day cards might not be available. \n Answer: A novelist",
            "output": [
                "Who is Harper Lee?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7a5a6d157dd14bb7870ff32356d98472",
            "input": "Article: People's Daily Online: On the night of February 5, 2009, CCTV - 1 broadcasted the \"Moving China in 2008\" award ceremony. The ceremonybroke its tradition, presenting the special award this year to the whole Chinese people.     In the award presentation speech, the committee noted that, \"In 2008,prefix = st1 /Chinawent through many sad and happy moments. In resisting the snowstorm, earthquake relief, the Olympic Games and the space walk by one of the Shenzhou VII taikonauts, Chinese people displayed courage and wisdom, demonstrating to the world their amazing national strength.\"     Compared with the ceremony before, the biggest change in the award presentation  was that this year's award presentation ceremony was divided into four parts, according to the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. The awards were presented to the ten winners according to the time order. \n Answer: Chinese people displayed courage and wisdom to the world.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the special award this year presented to the whole Chinese people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3931b4c903a9434ea6c28f5ba22261ec",
            "input": "Article: I was going to die in Antarctica, I was certain.An image of my frost-covered body, pale and lifeless, filled my mind as I glanced around.In all directions the empty wilderness of Antarctica stretched away from me, the only feature on the landscape was the division between snow and sky.I gazed sadly at my team.They were rapidly disappearing over the horizon. I was leading an expedition   attempting to reach the south pole.The team was made up of ordinary women from all around the world, from Jamaica, India, Singapore and Cyprus, many of whom had never seen snow, or spent a night in a tent before we set off.Our aim was to be the most international all-female team to reach the South Pole. As I watched, the rest of the team marched on, unaware that I was not with them.By the time I realized that my sledge was firmly trapped, the team were already a long way ahead of me.I called out to Era, my teammate, \" Era! Stop !\" Getting no response I called again, but my shouts were carried away in the opposite direction by the wind.Seconds passed.Nothing.I was gradually being left alone, completely defenseless against the low temperatures of Antarctica. My strength increased when I thought of a cold lonely death.I pulled again my sledge, which moved a little. I removed the ice with my ski-pole and boot, desperately trying to break the sledge free.The sledge shot forward, knocking me off balance.I struggled to my feet and set off after the team. I caught up just as Reena, my teammate from India, looked behind her and noticed there was one person missing.She swung around on her skis in shock and spotted me in the near distance. As we continued, my panic slowly faded.For the rest of the day, each of the team was glancing over their shoulder every few minutes.They were not going to risk losing me again. \n Answer: They were all female.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about the expedition team?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4897570d82d948d3b3b00d7e8979f8da",
            "input": "Article: How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical(,) basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused and lead to relaxation. Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room's ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook. In additions to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant's ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention. Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off  academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots. Recent study on room lighting design suggests than dim  light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax. So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. \"We have a very limited number of studies, _ ,\" architect David Allison says. \"How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? That's what we're all struggling with.\" \n Answer: Ceilings.",
            "output": [
                "What does Joan Meyers-Levy focus on in her research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1165ad185882496f9e4dddd00939d9ea",
            "input": "Article: I always wanted to run a business of some sort,and finally I got such a good chance to do so at the beginning of the summer term.The business project is called Young Enterprise,where we set up a small company called \"Limitless\" and sold the products to the school and public.I was appointed deputy director and financial director of the company,in which my role was to manage the financial activities. I have learnt so much from this experience,for I could put what I have learnt into practice in real life and learn to work with different people,which improved my skills in management and communication. In this school we students can organise our own activities if we want to,and the school is usually highly supportive:so this term I have organised an Engineering Society in school,which arranges regular visits to local industries.So far,the society which has only 10 members has proved to be really \"popular\".Well,it is always the quality,not the quantity,that matters,isn't it? I have had many opportunities to challenge myself since I got to the school,and I do think it is all of these challenges that make me more and more mature.Perhaps one of the most important lessons I have learned in this school is to have the initiative  to look for any possible challenges. \n Answer: Because he was promoted to be deputy director and financial director of the company.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the writer like this boarding school so much?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bab0d70d1dc84a96b5298e0db018c589",
            "input": "Article: The wedding took place in a Birmingham hotel. The bride and her father arrived in a new black American sport car. Her father looked nervous and uncomfortable in front of the cameras. The bride wore a silk wedding dress. She smiled nervously at the waiting photographers and went to a room on the first floor where she met her future husband for the very first time. Carla Germaine and Greg Cordell were the winners of a radio station's competition. The aim of the competition was to find two strangers prepared to marry without having met each other. Miss Germaine, 23, is a model. Mr. Cordell, 27, is a TV salesman. They were among the two hundred people who entered a special \"experiment\" organized by BMRB radio in Birmingham, England, Greg, and Carla were among eight finalists who were interviewed live on a radio. They took a lie detector  test and the station also spoke to their friends and family about their personalities. The competition judges include an astrologer  who declared that they were suited. The couple celebrated their wedding with a wedding breakfast and a party for 100 guests in the evening, but not everyone shared their joy. Miss Germaine's mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and Mr. Cordell's parents are reported to be less than delighted. Organizations, including the marriage guidance Service Relate, have criticized the marriage. As one person put it, \"We have enough problems getting young people to take marriage seriously without this. Marriage should always be about love.\" The couple are now on a Caribbean honeymoon followed by journalists. Their other prizes include a year's free use of a wonderful apartment in the center of Birmingham, and a car. But will it last? \n Answer: The bridegroom's parents were quite delighted.",
            "output": [
                "How did the couple's parents react to the wedding?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19e15168f0b743c59befc86d30949caa",
            "input": "Article: Welcome to the Van Gogh Gallery--the definitive reference for information about the life and work of Vincent Van Gogh. As a post impressionist painter and one of the most famous artists of all time, Vincent Van Gogh has become an icon . From growing up in Holland and pursuing a life as a pastor, to moving to France and creating an incredible collection of artwork, this site takes an in-depth look at Van Gogh's life, his work and the impact he has had on our culture. Van Gogh had many influences on his life including his family and friends, as well as other artists such as Paul Gauguin and Edgar Degas. In addition, Van Gogh's health also had a major influence on his life. To see how each of these affected his life please visit the Important Figures, Artistic Influences and Health sections. For information about how Van Gogh's has impacted our society today view the Impact on Art, Cultural References, or News section. If you are interested in adding more Van Gogh to your life, the Van Gogh Gallery has plenty to offer. Download Van Gogh images of some of his most famous paintings as wallpaper for your computer, shop for Van Gogh posters or prints, or check out some of the additional resources available including links to Van Gogh museums and shows. There are even lesson plans from multidiscipline areas for those interested in educating others about Van Gogh's art and life. Van Gogh has influenced generations of young artists worldwide since his time. Today we can see his impact in painting, in poetry and in video. We are happy to display new examples of art that were influenced by Van Gogh in our Van Gogh Community Art section. Tragically , Van Gogh died not knowing the acclaim  his art would receive. Today his legacy is immortal and he will be forever known as one of the greatest artists of the modern era. Through this website The Van Gogh Gallery aims to share his life and legacy with the world. \n Answer: Welcome to the Van Gogh Gallery",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81784b8fdd584829903965924da9dc6a",
            "input": "Article: Playing basketball isn't ladylike. That's what Jewell Chapman's high school headmaster told her in 1961 when he was against the girls' basketball program. \"We were very discouraged, \" said Chapman, a forward for her high school team of Des Moines. Nearly 50 years later, Chapman is back on the playground. She's 62 and plays for \"Hot Pink Grannies\", joining about 10 other women on a team whose uniforms are black trousers and hot pink socks. They play in the Iowa Granny Basketball League. It's one of dozens of basketball leagues for women over 50 that have arisen across the country. For some, it's a chance to exercise and meet people; for others, _  \"You see more and more elderly women's teams taking part in state and national competitions,\" said Michael Rogers, a professor in sports studies at Wichita State University. \"In the future it will be something common to have leagues like this.\" Yearly surveys by the National Sporting Goods Association show the number of women aged 55 and older who play basketball at least 50 times a year has grown from 16,000 in 1995 to nearly 131,000 ten years later. The women on the Hot Pink Grannies are good - natured but competitive when game time comes. \"I think I'm tough\" says Colleen Pulliam, 69, showing off her strong arms at her challengers in a game against \"Strutters\", known for their bright yellow socks. Granny Basketball Leagues and similar groups spread quickly through much of the country, including California, Louisiana, New Mexico, Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C. \n Answer: She is a forward in the Hot Pink Grannies.",
            "output": [
                "Which is right about Chapman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-30d6865f2fc749e19a15e6c9296c56c6",
            "input": "Article: When Carrie Conley's husband left in the early 1960s, she started raising six children on her own. She took a job at a hospital, delivering meals to patients as what was called \"a tray  girl\".      Jerry Johnson, the youngest child in the family, was 5 years old when his dad left. Speaking with his mother recently, Johnson heard his mother repeat the question she asked at that time. \"Lord, what am I going to do with all these kids by myself?\" The answers came in the form of lima beans, black-eyed peas and low prices on chicken necks. \"Something to boil for every day of the week,\" Conley said. \"I cannot remember one Christmas that I didn't feel like the luckiest kid in the world,\" Johnson said, \"even though now I realize we had hardly anything in terms of money.\"     \"How did you hold all that together?\" he asked his mother.     Conley said she would save up her sick days at work, going in no matter how she felt. Then in December, the company would pay her for the unused sick days. More help came in castoffs  , when wealthy families would clean out their toy chests at Christmastime and take a load of toys to the Salvation Army. Conley would pick through them, finding the best ones for her children. The result of those sacrifices led to a big, happy Christmas for Conley and her kids.     \"But I never did tell you it was a Santa Claus,\" Conley said, \"I couldn't give any man credit for what I had done.\"     Johnson thanked his mom for her sacrifices, and for the good example she set for him and his siblings. \"I think it's helping us all be better parents,\" Johnson said. In 1975, Conley retired from Detroit's Outer Drive Hospital. Jerry was a sophomore in college at that time. He later graduated from Washington University Medical School and received a degree in Internal Medicine and Pediatrics. \n Answer: Pleased.",
            "output": [
                "How did Johnson feel about Christmas when he was a kid?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe7923b00c4c41cfbaf1c9b025f8739f",
            "input": "Article: A breathtaking trick potentially left over from our ancestors might be found in us -- the ability to sense oxygen through our skin. Amphibians, animals such as frogs that can live both on land and in water, have long been known to be capable of breathing through their skin. In fact, the first known lungless frog that breathes only through its skin was discovered recently in the rivers of Borneo. Now the same oxygen sensors found in frog skins and in the lungs of mammals   have unexpectedly been discovered in the skin of mice. \"No one had ever looked,\" explained Randall Johnson, a biologist researcher. Mice and frogs are quite distant relatives, so the fact they have these molecules   in common in their skin suggests they might well be found in the skin of other mammals, such as humans. \"We have no reason to think that they are not in the skin of people too,\" Johnson said. These molecules not only detect oxygen, but help increase levels of vital red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body. Normal mice breathing in air that is 10 percent oxygen--a dangerously low level similar to conditions at the top of Mount Everest, and about half that of air at sea level. However, mice that had the oxygen sensor HIF-1a genetically removed from their skin failed to produce this hormone   even after hours of such low oxygen. These findings, if they hold true in humans, suggest one could raise the level of oxygen circulating inside the body. This could help treat lung diseases and disorders such as anemia   without injecting drugs, which make up a multibillion-dollar market, Johnson said. Athletes also often try to get more oxygen delivered to their muscles in order to improve their performance. They often do this by training at high altitudes or in low-oxygen tents. The new study suggests they might want to expose their skin as well as breathing in low-oxygen air to improve their performance. \"It's hard to say what exactly might be done, however--there's a lot we don't know yet,\" Johnson explained. The scientists detailed their findings in the April 18 issue of the journal Cell. \n Answer: Johnson believes that Oxygen sensors also exist in human skin.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-36f5a7f33d1b4d438e3cdf8d48c6344f",
            "input": "Article: WASHINGTON -- President Obama and his wife, Michelle, handed out Halloween treats to area children and military families at the White House Sunday evening. Local students between 6 and 14 years old, along with children from military families, were invited to celebrate Halloween on the North Lawn. The president and first lady, along with Mrs.Obama's mother, Marian Robinson, spent about 30 minutes passing out goodie bags.Obama wished each child a happy Halloween as he distributed the treats, pausing occasionally for hugs or to comment on costumes. Later, the military families continued the celebration inside the White House. The first couple joked to assembled reporters about children walking the long driveway in order to work off   the snacks.\"This is the Let's Move method of trick-or-treating  ,\" Obama said, referring to Mrs.Obama's campaign to combat childhood obesity  . The goodie bags contained a box of White House M&Ms, a cookie made by pastry chef   Bill Yosses, and dried fruit. As they made their way across the lawn, the children meet a vast range of costumed characters ranging from a spooky Frankenstein (,<<>> ) to the Scarecrow from \"The Wizard of Oz.\" Music from a jazz band dressed in pirate gear rang out across the White House grounds. Multicolored pumpkins and gourds lined the driveway -- individually, in gravity-defying stacks and as part of a large mound over 5 feet tall.Pumpkin-headed scarecrows   made of cornstalks loomed over the path with menacingly raised arms.Under the White House portico, a mobile resembling bats flying through clouds fluttered around a lantern. Some of the local trick-or-treaters were students at Bancroft Elementary, which helps tend the first lady's White House garden, and Tubman Elementary, which has a relationship with the White House chefs. After trick-or-treating ended, the Obamas stood near the front door, welcoming the military families inside, helping children climb the short flight of steps and thanking parents for their service. \n Answer: President Obama and first lady celebrated Halloween with children.",
            "output": [
                "What is the news report mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b14adba9fa024b9da3545ade3c4ff2a4",
            "input": "Article: When a dog bites a man, it usually doesn't make news. However, this saying change when Beijing and several other Chinese cities announced the \"Civilized Dog Raising\" campaign in November. The government will require Beijingers to get licenses for their dogs, and will enforce the one-dog, one-family policy. Police say the \"one-dog policy\" is aimed at reducing the number of dog bites and lowering the risk of rabies. According to the Ministry of Health, rabies has become the top infectious disease in China. Dangerous dogs and dogs taller than 35 centimeters, such as Great Danes, have been banned from urban areas. Pet owners are also required to clean up their dog's droppings and make sure dogs are leashed  , especially in public areas. Some public areas, such as banks, are closed to dogs entirely. Dogs are regarded as man's best friend and the history of raising dogs can be traced back to the stone age. It therefore seems sad that dogs are unwelcome in Beijing. But it is not the case that Beijingers dislike dogs. Actually, there are many dog lovers in Beijing. The city now has more than 550,000 registered dogs, up 20 percent from the previous year. The problem is, actually, about living space. Different from many Westerners, most Beijingers live in urban apartment buildings, not houses in the suburbs. There is very limited open space for walking dogs. The barking, the waste, and unleashed dogs in buildings, elevators and places people gather can cause fear, fights and frustration. Beijing is not the only city to have a dog problem. Paris, London, New York and Vienna all face similar challenges and have common rules for dogs and their owners. \n Answer: Civilized Dog Raising",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may be a suitable title for the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-879c04e1ffbd4d8c805309f41a9cd2a3",
            "input": "Article: The holidays are a time to give. These charities---and many more--are looking for volunteers and donations. World Wildlife Fund The World Wildlife Fund is helping to protect endangered species through the Symbolic Species Adoption program. Those who \"adopt\" an animal will receive an adoption certificate and a photo of their species. Anyone can support endangered species year round by buying WWF apparel . worldwildlife. Org/giving DoSomething. org This month, Dosomething. org launched their holiday campaign, \"Grandparents Gone Wired\". The goal of the campaign is to make it easier for senior citizens to keep in touch with their loved ones using the Internet. Teens can volunteer to help seniors in their community. Volunteers are able to win prizes and scholarships. dosomething. org/grandparents Coins for Change Disney's Club Penguin, a virtual gaming site for kids, launched its annual Coins for Change campaign this month. From Dec. 15 to Dec. 27, Club Penguin players can donate virtual coins to real-world causes. If players reach the donation goal, Club Penguin will donate $2 million to charity projects. clubpenguin.com. Toys for Tots Each year, the U.S. Marine Corps Toys Program collects new, unwrapped toys for the holidays. Communities across the nation host Toys for Tots drives around the holiday season. The toys collected are given as gifts to needy children so they can experience the joy of Christmas. toyfortots.org American Red Cross All you need is a pen and a piece of paper. The American Red Cross Holiday Mail Heroes Program is collecting handwritten card to send to members of the U.S. Armed Forces during the holidays. The charity has also set up a Holiday Giving Catalog where you can buy personal gifts, such as babysitting lessons. redcross.org The Warm Coats & Warm Hearts Drive The Warm Coats & Warm Hearts Drive is a non-profit organization sponsored by ABC's Good Morning America and Burlington Coat Factory. During the holiday season Burlington stores collect gently worn coats. The donated coats are given to people in need to keep warm during the winter. onewarmcoat.org \n Answer: Coins for Change.",
            "output": [
                "David, 8, is fond of playing virtual games. Which charity should he attend?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f8e4f058d8e48e98e40a96d4653a32c",
            "input": "Article: The advantages of an international language in the modern world are obvious. Thanks to modern methods of transport, we can travel everywhere more easily and more quickly than ever before, but the language problem still remains. Without a common language, there may be misunderstandings between people of different countries. There are two possible solutions to this problem: either we choose one of the main living languages of the world, or we make up an artificial  one. But neither solution is simple because no living language will be acceptable to everyone and because an artificial language, such as Esperanto, has no culture and would be thought boring by many learners. It is often said that English is quickly becoming a world language. It is certainly the most widely used language in the world, and second only to Chinese in its number or native speakers, but there are certain worries of choosing English as an international language. First of all, for political reasons and national pride, English is not acceptable to everyone as a world language. Many dislike its influence. English words enter their language and this often threats their own language. In France, a new word \"frangla is\" has been invented to describe the results. Although English is being taught in more and more schools abroad, the process is not always popular. Not every nation is prepared to accept the leading position of English in their education system \n Answer: We can develop transport.",
            "output": [
                "What are the advantages of an international language?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b11df9e53124824a1286947685ad267",
            "input": "Article: L'HAY-LES-ROSES, France: Three teenage girls admitted starting a fire in a suburban Paris housing project over the weekend that killed 17 people, including three children, police said yesterday. A fourth girl was held yesterday morning. The fire in a 19-storey building south of Paris was the third fatal blaze in the Paris area in nine days. The death toll rose to 16 after a man died late Sunday in a hospital, where seven others were being treated for serious injuries. Three teenagers taken in for questioning on Sunday admitted having started the fire for fun, police said. Two of the suspects were 18 years old, the other was 16. Further details were not available. Witnesses claimed to have seen a group of youths who lived in the building start the fire, said Patrick Seve, mayor of the town of L'HAY-LES-ROSES, near Orly airport, where the building was located. The first is believed to have broken out in the lobby   of the building before raging up a stairwell at least three floors. Some residents jumped from windows as the fire spread through the building's entrance. Authorities were investigating possible criminals in an August 26 fire that killed 14 African children and three adults in a Paris apartment building. Three days later, another fire killed seven in a building. k*s*5u Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy suggested on French television on Sunday night that copycats   were at work. \"Each time there is a new story, sometimes that gives ideas to people who then turn into criminals,\" Sarkozy said, promising severe punishment for anyone found guilty of arson  . \n Answer: They enjoyed playing with fire and not for any other reason.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the teenagers start the fires?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1eedfbb321f94135bb23cfe93eee4628",
            "input": "Article: An English traveler spent a few weeks in Sweden. When he was about to return home,he found that he had only enough money left to get a ticket to England. Thinking the matter over, he decided that as it was only a two days' voyage he could get home without eating anything. So he bought a ticket with that little money he had and went on board the ship. He closed his ears to the sound of the lunch bell,and when dinner came,he refused to go down to the place where people had their dinner, saying that he did not feel well. The following day he did not get up until breakfast was over, pretending that he had overslept himself. At lunch time, too, he kept out of the way. By the time of dinner,however,he became so hungry that he could even eat paper. \"I can't stand this any longer, \" he said to himself.\"I must have something to eat.\" At the dinner table he ate everything put in front of him.When he was quite full, he felt stronger and at once went to see the waiter. \"Bring the bill, \" he said to the waiter. \"The bill?\" said the waiter in surprise. \"Yes, \" answered the traveler. \"There isn't any bill here,\" said the waiter,\"On this ship meals are already included in the ticket.\" \n Answer: One.",
            "output": [
                "How many meals did the English traveler eat during his two-day voyage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5666fab1ced746d3b971f5fc0c41d538",
            "input": "Article: I believe you can do your best. Not being the best but toughing the limits of what you're capable of. I gained this belief from my third grade teacher, the most special, honored, trustworthy, and loved person in my life. Mr. Myrus was always perfectly dressed and spoke with the belief that talking to eight-year-olds didn't mean he had to sacrifice proper statements or grammars. And he was demanding but he wasn't unreasonable or cruel. He simply felt that no matter what your best was, you should achieve it. As luck would have it, I met him again as my eighth grade math teacher. I was not, nor ever will be, gifted in math. I remember my struggles in class. \"I don't know the answer,\" I would say, \"I can't do it!\" \"Perhaps you don't know the answer,\" he would say quietly. \"Do you think we might figure it out together? How do you know what you can do until you try?\" Mr. Myrus lived around the corner, and I would often stop by to talk while he worked in his garden. I knew there was someone who let me know that if I had really tried, that was enough. \"Don't be so hard on yourself,\" he'd say. \"Stop blaming yourself. Did you try your best? Well, then you're not a failure,\" he often told me these words. Mr. Myrus died in 1978. I had never thought about his death. He was too young. I felt sorry. But when I think about him now, I don't feel so sorry. He taught me to be kind, not only to others, but to myself. He taught me my own value. He taught me about honor, about truth, and about doing my best--and that all feelings and beliefs have dignity and deserve respect. And of all the things I know, this I believe: We can't all be \"the best\", but we can, each of us, be our best, and I know that's true because Mr. Myrus told me that. \n Answer: He is responsible for his teaching and students.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about Mr. Myrus according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-88d2cb7b83f94aeab40c5b7930f81732",
            "input": "Article: EUROPE is home to a variety of cultural treasures. Lonely Planet has offered pairs of cities for culture-hungry but time-poor travelers. London and Paris It takes you about two hours to travel from London to Paris by Eurostar, a high-speed railway service. The two capital cities have been competing in fashion, art and nightlife for decades--but each secretly looks up to the other. No one can doubt the grand and impressive beauty of Paris' Louvre Museum, but if you want to save money, you cannot skip the British Museum free to visit. Compared with London, Paris has more outdoor attractions, such as the beautiful green walkway La Promenade Plantee. In Paris, you'll see diners linger   over red wine. While in London, you can try some afternoon tea, eat fish and chips or salted cake. Vienna and Bratislava Austrian capital Vienna and Slovakia city Bratislava are an hour apart by train. But since they are linked by the Danube River, the best way to travel is by ship. A tour of the two cities is the perfect way to experience everything from 17thcentury's Habsburg dynasty splendor to sci-fi restaurants. Vienna is famous for Mozart and imperial palaces. You can appreciate the perfect blending of architecture and nature in the grand Scholoss Schonbrunn Palace, and reward yourself with a cup of Vienna coffee, which has made its way to the world's cultural heritage list. Bratislava is best known for its fine dining--the remarkable UFO restaurant. You can enjoy a meat-laden dinner here in an amazing setting. \n Answer: They admire each other.",
            "output": [
                "What's the relationship between London and Paris according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f2a1c08dba914940954937104b510339",
            "input": "Article: As I sit at home thinking about my upcoming adventure and the things I need to bring, it makes me even more excited to begin my travel. I will be making my way around the world. The first places on the list are Andalusia and Africa in the book The Alchemist. I will need to pack a lot of things and make sure I have enough money to provide myself with food and enough to drink. The Sahara desert is always hot and requires plenty of water. Next I will head to Mexico in the bookBorn to Run, where I will meet the Tarahumara Indian tribe . I will need to get into shape and do some jogging  if I want to keep up with them. I will have to pack my running shoes, though, because the Tarahumarans have mastered the art of running on the tough land. After Mexico, my journey takes me to the Egyptian desert in the novelThe Paris Vendetta. There I hope to help uncover an ancient conspiracy   that goes back centuries. Just like my trip to Andalusia, I will have to make sure I have plenty of water. Packing the Camelbak products seems like the best idea, so I will have enough on hand at all times. I expect this adventure to be quite interesting, and I am very excited about it. Lastly, I will make my way back to America in the bookShattered: Struck Down, But Not Destroyed. This makes me feel excited because like the main character in the book, I also wanted to become a professional athlete when I was younger. For this trip, I will go with an open mind and hopefully meet some friends along the way. I am ready to _ my adventure of traveling, and I cannot wait any longer! \n Answer: By reading novels.",
            "output": [
                "How will the author go on adventure?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-49065bcaf1004f4098d4a14063b44b09",
            "input": "Article: People with mentally taxing jobs, including lawyers and graphic designers, may end up having better memory in old age, research suggests. A study of more than 1,000 Scottish 70-year-olds found that those who had had complex jobs scored better on memory and thinking tests. One theory is that a more stimulating environment helps build up a \"cognitive reserve\" to help buffer the brain against age-related decline. The research was reported in Neurology. The team, from Heriot-Watt University, in Edinburgh, is now planning more work to look at how lifestyle and work interact to affect memory loss. Those taking part in the study took tests designed to assess memory, processing speed and general thinking ability, as well as filling in a questionnaire about their working life. The analysis showed that those whose jobs had required complex skills in dealing with data or people, such as management and teaching, had better scores on memory and thinking tests than those who had done less mentally intense jobs such as factory workers, bookbinders, or carpet layers. While the study did not look at biological reasons for the protective effect of certain jobs, potential explanations include that structural changes within the brain mean less damage is accumulated over time. Study leader Dr Alan Gow said: \"Our findings have helped to identify the kinds of job demands that preserve memory and thinking later on.\" \"However,\" He added, \"while it is true that people who have higher cognitive abilities are more likely to get more complex jobs, there still seems to be a small advantage gained from these complex jobs for later thinking skills.\" Dr Simon Ridley, head of research at Alzheimer's Research UK, said the study added to the growing evidence about factors that affected brain health as we aged. \"Keeping the brain active throughout life could be helpful and different types of work may play a role. However, it's important to note that this study points to a small and subtle association between occupation and later-life cognition rather than offering proof that people's occupation has a direct influence.\" \n Answer: Computer programmers.",
            "output": [
                "According to the research, who may have the best memory in old age?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ac436f64eac40d7bdc30726659fc3b1",
            "input": "Article: More than 200 scientists have completed a twoyear study to identify the most natural and undeveloped areas on Earth. Their findings are reported in a new book called Wilderness:Earth's Last Wild Places. The book describes 37 wilderness areas around the world. Each has an area greater than 10,000 square kilometers. The study considered only areas where at least 70% of all plants are native. North and South America are home to the largest number of wilderness areas. There are 16 such areas, from southern Argentina to Alaska and northern Canada. Africa has 8 wilderness areas, including the thick forests and the grasslands. Australia and New Guinea   share 6 areas. Europe has 3 areas and Asia has 2.The Arabian Desert and Antarctica also are considered wilderness areas. The largest wilderness area is the Boreal Forest  .It extends for 16million square kilometers south of the Arctic Circle. The Boreal Forest extends across Alaska, Canada, northern Europe and Russia. The smallest of the 37 wilderness areas is the Sundarbans. It is the world's largest tidal mangrove forest  .It covers 10,000 square kilometers of land at the mouth of the Ganges River in India and Bangladesh  . The study found that wilderness areas cover about 46% of the Earth's land surface. However, they are home to less than 2.5% of the world's population. Nineteen of the wilderness areas have only about one person for each square kilometer. Native people usually live in these areas. Wilderness areas help to influence the world's weather systems and rainfall. They are also home to many plants and animals. Population growth and the spread of agriculture and mining operations threaten wilderness areas. But just 7% of all such areas have some form of official protection. \n Answer: Perfect.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think of the wilderness areas around the world in the book?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0c536859db6e4f1f98cbb3012c5bdfa5",
            "input": "Article: Researchers are finding new ways to save snakebite victims.Experts discussed the latest findings during a recent conference. Scientists in Australia have shown that a chemical called nitric oxide could increase the chances of surviving a poisonous snakebite.The scientists injected rats with a deadly amount of snake venom.Then they rubbed an ointment containing nitric oxide on the skin around the injection site.The study found that the rats lived about one-third longer than if nitric oxide had not been used.But the treatment had to be started very quickly. Dirk van Helden led the research.He says the nitric oxide ointment also showed promise in humans.The study appeared earlier this year in the journal Nature Medicine.Scientists say the findings could help save many lives.A recent study found that poisonous snakes cause as many as ninety-four thousand deaths worldwide each year.But Ulrich Kuch of the Biodiversity and Climate Research Center in Frankfurt,Germany,says that number appears to be low. Mr Kuch says many deaths could be _ if snakebite victims are treated correctly,but they often go to traditional healers or do not seek any help at all.He said,\"Sometimes it's because there is no treatment available--no antivenom ,which is the specific drug to treat snakebites--or health care staff do not know how to treat snakebites,and sometimes its because transportation to get to a health facility is not available or too expensive. Here is no single antivenom that can be used to treat all snakebites.The antivenom must be specific to the kind of snake that bit the person.In some countries the treatment is costly,while in others there is no such treatment. \n Answer: Progress in fighting snakebite deaths.",
            "output": [
                "What is this passage mainly about?( )"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8b3a5eb6d92a4eb68f7110b3dd830ffe",
            "input": "Article: STEVE EMBER: And I'm Steve Ember with People In America in VOA Special English. Today we remember the singer and actress Lena Horne. During her sixty-year career performing, Lena Horne entertained people with her beauty and rich, emotional voice. She used her fame to fight social injustices toward African-Americans. Lena Horne was born in New York. At sixteen, Lena became a dancer at the famous club in New York City in 1933. After taking voice lessons, she soon became a singer. In 1940, Lena Horne became the first African-American to perform with an all-white jazz hand. After performing at a club in Hollywood, California, she caught the attention of filmmakers. She soon began making movies. Her films became very popular. In the 1940s, Lena Horne was the first African-American in Hollywood to sing a long -term contract with a major movie studio. Her deal with MGM stated that she would never play the role of a servant. She refused to play roles that represented African-Americans disrespectfully. Lena Horne once said that World War II helped make her a star. She was popular with both black and white soldiers. She sang on army radio programs and traveled to perform for the troops. These experiences led to Lena Horne's work in the civil rights movement. Lena Horne sang at rights gatherings. She took part in the march on Washington protest in 1963. It was during this event that Martin Luther King gave his \"I have a dream\" speech. She protested racial separation at the hotels where she performed. She took action so that she and her musicians would be allowed to stay in those hotels. B1ack musicians at the time generally stayed in black neighborhoods. At the age of eighty, she said she did not have to act like a white woman that Hollywood hoped she would become. She said: \"I'm me, and I'm like nobody else.\" Lena Horne died in New York in 2010. \n Answer: 93 years old.",
            "output": [
                "How old was Lena Horne when she died?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb98e58fd784460999ab2ab16c1b76cc",
            "input": "Article: The year is 2094,It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth.Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth. On 17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth's atmosphere with a massive explosion.About half of the piece is destoryed but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200times the speed of sound.The sea boils and a huge gole is made in the sea bed.Huge waves are created and spread outwards form the hole.The eall of water,a kilometer high,rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour.Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. Before the waves reach South America.the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina.Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Moutains.The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles,San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes,Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead,but the north won't eacape for long.Because of the explosions the sun is hidden by clouds of dust,and temperatures around the world fall to almost zero.Crops are ruined.The sun won't be seen again for many years.Wars break out as countries fight for food.A year later,no more than 10 million remain laive. Could it really happen?In fact,it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth.The dinesaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years,Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared.Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldn't live through the cold climate that followed and they died out .Will we meet the same end ? \n Answer: An imaginary event",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly described in the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3cd877faf5f8480d8d5335483aa33f24",
            "input": "Article: Climbing to the Top     The year 2013 is the 60th anniversary of the first successful climb to Qomolangma. Do you know why so many people wanted to reach the top of the world?      It was breathtaking. It was wonderful and a bit of frightening. It was Qomolangma, the highest mountain in the world. For many years, it has attracted tens of thousands of people who tried to climb its dangerous slopes. During May's 60th anniversary of the first successful climb, nearly 600 people from around the world, including a 5-year-old Italian boy, tried to reach the \"roof of the world\". China Central Television(CCTV) also sent a team to join the adventure. It broadcasted a special program, called \"Standing at the world's third pole in 2013\", from May 18 to 24 to cover the Chinese climbing Qomolangma. Over the last century, the 8848-metre-high peak has proven a great challenge for mountaineers. Those who try to stand on top of the world do so at great risk from extremely cold, avalanches , and falling ice. At 8,500 meters, the air contains just one-third of the oxygen at sea level, requiring most climbers to use oxygen tanks. Some of those who climbed the mountain paid the highest price---175 people have lost their lives on the slopes.      On May29, 1953, Sir Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay from Nepal became the first men ever to reach the top of the mountain. Nearly half a century later, the sons of the two pioneers, Peter Hillary and Jaming Tenzing Norgay, followed in their fathers' footsteps. In 2002, they also successfully reached the roof of the world.      Over the last 60 years, more than 10,000 men and women have tried to climb the mountain and more than 1,200 have succeeded. The first Chinese climbers reached the top of the mountain in 1960.      Despite the dangers, many different people are drawn towards the challenge. But why do they suffer such hardship and take such risks to climb Qomolangma?      \"I don't think climbing the mountain is blindly risky. Instead, it's a chance to challenge oneself,\" said Chen Qi, a reporter of CCTV. Com, who was among May's mountaineering team.      \"Only when you are surrounded by the mountain can you understand the love of nature and the true meaning of life.\" \n Answer: The first men ever to reach the top of the mountain are from different countries.",
            "output": [
                "Which sentence is right according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-53845b4c03e3427998b3b2c499e5cf50",
            "input": "Article: Russia's security chief has blamed an act of terror for the Russian A321 airliner crash in Egypt last month which killed 224 people. Whatever happened, the tragedy raises sad memories of horrific airplane crashes that have cost thousands of lives in recent decades . Some of the worst such incidents--like four crashes in frightening succession into New York's World Trade Center, the Pentagon and rural Pennsylvania on September 11, 2001; the 1988 downing of Pan Am Flight 103 in Lockerbie, Scotland; and a 1977 crash involving the apparent hijacking of a Malaysian Airlines jet that left 100 dead--involved terrorist activity. But there are many others that did not, with mechanical problems, pilot error or other reasons blamed for loss of life. Below are some examples of the latter: crashes that left at least 200 people dead in each incident. March 27 , 1977 : A KLM Royal Dutch Airlines Boeing 747 beginning its takeoff crashed into Pan American World Airways Boeing 747 then still on the runway at the Los Rodeos Airport at Tenerife in the Canary Islands. A total of 574 people, aboard both planes, died . July 11 , 1991 : The landing gear of a Nigeria Airways DC-8 catches fire shortly after takeoff Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It doesn't make it back to the airport, crashing nose-down less than 10,000 feet short of the runway and killing all 261 people aboard. April 26 , 1994 : The pilot of a China Airlines' Flight 140 alerts the control tower at Japan's Nagoya Airport of his intention not to land and try another approach. But something goes wrong and, a short time later, the Airbus A300 crashes leading to 264 deaths--though a few passengers do survive. September 2 , 1998 : A Swiss air jetliner that had departed New York's Kennedy airport on its way to Geneva, Switzerland, goes down off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada; none of the 229 people aboard Flight 111 make it. Investigators believe that the MD-11 lost all electrical power immediately before the crash. June 1 , 2009 : Air France Flight 447 is on the way from Rio de Janiero to Paris when it and its 228 passengers and crew go missing somewhere over the Atlantic Ocean. It's not until five days later that the first bodies are found about 600 miles off the northern coast of Brazil. Two years later, French authorities blame the crash on equipment breakdown. \n Answer: Pan Am Flight 103",
            "output": [
                "Which air crash resulted from terrorist attack ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f437fbc3f48445b9ae36287974564da7",
            "input": "Article: In the 13thcentury, the famous Italian traveler, Marco Polo, traveled a long way to China. During his stay in China, he saw many wonderful things. One of the things he discovered was that the Chinese used paper money. In western countries, people didn't use the paper money until 15thcentury. However, people in China began to use paper money in the 7thcentury. A Chinese man called Cai Lun invented paper almost 2,000 years ago. He took the wood from trees and made it into paper. He then put these pieces of paper together and made them into a book. Now paper still comes from trees. We use a lot of paper every day. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth. If there are no trees, there will be no paper. Every day, people throw away about 2,800 tons of paper in our city. It takes 17 trees to make one ton of paper. This means that we are cutting nearly 48,000 trees every day. Since it takes more than 10 years for a tree to grow, we must start using less paper now. So how can we save paper? We can use both sides of every piece of paper, especially when we are making notes. We can use cotton handkerchiefs and not paper ones. When we go shopping, we can use fewer paper bags. If the shop assistant gives us a paper bag, we can save it and reuse it later. Everyone can help to save paper. If we all think carefully, we can help protect trees. But we should do it now, before it is too late. \n Answer: To grow more trees",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not a way of saving paper?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fc065097d2f24d379c7b88ba740f42fa",
            "input": "Article: Fidenzio Salvatori is determined that the city of Toronto will have an outdoor marketplace for merchants from its immigrant community, complete with dancing and other forms of amusement form their native countries. \"Toronto is truly multicultural  ,\" he said in a newspaper interview. \"It's a city from many places, and multicultural marketplace will help Torontonians to understand and appreciate the rich variety of cultural groups in our city.\" Salvatori, aged 23, will soon complete his studies at the University of Toronto. He was eleven years old when he came to Canada from Italy with his parents. \"Most of Toronto's immigrants are from lands where the marketplace has always been part of daily life,\" he said. Salvatori has been interested in getting an open-air market for Toronto for the last three years. This year, with the help of two fellow students, he prepared a proposal on the subject and presented it to the city's Executive committee, asking for their support. The proposal pointed out Toronto's rich variety of national groups, \"whose customs include market shopping.\" Under a Canadian government program for multiculturalism, the three students have received two thousand dollars with which they will do a study to find out whether Toronto's immigrant businessmen would support an open-air market. They hope the merchants will support the plan strongly. \"A study done earlier this year showed that 90 percent of shoppers would be in favor of it,\" Salvatori said. \"At first it would be an experiment. But we think it will prove to be good business for the merchants, as well as tourist attraction.\" \n Answer: To keep the cultural variety of the city.",
            "output": [
                "What is Fidenzio Salvatori's purpose of having an outdoor marketplace for Toronto?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aee42c272dc24458ade6ac404e87d7d2",
            "input": "Article: Britain's longterm unemployed could be forced to carry out manual work or risk losing their welfare benefits under plans being put forward by the government.  The U.S.style scheme would see the longterm jobless ordered to take up fourweek placements in order to get them used to having a fulltime job. The idea is part of major reforms, due to be unveiled this week, to make cuts to Britain's huge welfare bill, reduce dependency on benefits and weed out those earning money but not declaring it, papers said. \"What we are talking about here is people who have not been used to working having both the opportunity and perhaps a bit more of a push as well, to experience the workplace from time to time. The vast majority of people in Britain will think that is the right thing to do.\" Foreign Secretary William Hague told BBC TV. Shortly after the ConservativeLiberal Democrat Union took power in May, Work and Pensions Secretary Iain Duncan Smith unveiled plans to simplify the complex web of benefits available to reduce errors and inefficiencies.     Duncan Smith said the system had become regressive and was not giving people the right encouragement to work as many were financially better off unemployed.   Under his plans separate benefits for items such as housing, income support or disability will be replaced by a \"universal credit\" system whereby   individual households would get a single welfare payment to ensure those in work would be better off. The Observer newspaper said that in return, longterm unemployed would be told to take up work placements of at least 30 hours a week for a fourweek period. If they refuse or fail to complete the programme, their jobseekers' allowance, worth 64.30 pounds a week for those over 25, could be stopped for at least three months. \n Answer: They don't care as there're a few unemployed people having welfare benefit.",
            "output": [
                "What will most British people think of the new reform according to William Hague?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7a2314aedbee4b5ea7b2fa4caf4503a5",
            "input": "Article: Like many other nations, China has been busy putting together evacuation  plans for its citizens stuck in crisis-torn Libya.The real surprise has been just how many Chinese are living there.The foreign ministry does not know for sure but puts the figure at 30-40,000. The huge contingent   in Libya, who work for at least 27 Chinese companies, has brought to light one of the new dilemmas facing China as its economic interests expand.For a mixture of reasons that are partly political, partly business, Chinese workers are now present in many of the most unrest and dangerous parts of the world, including places where anti-Chinese sentiment over jobs and working conditions is on the rise.One of the first wake-up calls was in 2007, when a group of Chinese women were kidnapped in Pakistan, an event which led to the siege of the Red Mosque in Lahore.In the same year, nine Chinese oil workers were killed in Ethiopia.In recent years, Chinese workers have been kidnapped in Cameroon, Congo and Afghanistan. Publicly, Chinese diplomats admit that the country needs better contingency plans to deal with this sort of situation.Privately, they worry about a different issue: that such incidents will force them to get much more involved in domestic political disputes in far-off lands, pulling the government away from its commitment to a policy of non-interference.The nightmare, a few diplomats and academics admit, would be a large, violent attack on a group of Chinese which then prompted an intense nationalist reaction at home, forcing the government to take the sort of interventionist   actions it tries to _ . Beijing gave some indication of how it will respond in the future with the decision on Thursday to send the frigate  Xuzhou, currently conducting anti-piracy tasks off the coast of Somalia, to Libya.Its mission will be to help the evacuation effort, but it is also a warning to any in Libya who might attack Chinese interests, as well as the latest indication of the growing global reach of China's navy.As Andrew Erickson, a China expert at the US Naval War College says: \"This latest initiative  is part of a larger ongoing increase in Chinese power, presence, and influence around the world, and should come as no surprise.China has global interests, cannot free ride forever, and requires a presence in critical areas and situations in order to have a voice.\" \n Answer: The international situation is terrible",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7fd31aa60fbb45efbcec1cd09654c85e",
            "input": "Article: A teenager realized her dream of becoming a professional model three years after a serious car accident. Marita Davies was on her way home from a party when the crash happened. The car that Marita took as a passenger was going the wrong way and crashed into another car driven by a drunken driver named David Hudson, which left her with a broken leg and back. It took the firefighters more than two hours to free the teenager from the damaged car before she was taken to hospital. Marita was in a wheelchair for a year after being bed-ridden for nine months. Marita feared her dream of a modeling career was over. She said, \"I was extremely upset and shocked when I knew about my terrible injuries. I thought my dream of becoming a model was over. My leg and back were broken. The crash had broken my confidence and I became quiet and spent less time with other people. I was 16, and at that age all I wanted to do was to go out with my friends.\" But as her health took a turn for the better, Marita finally came out of the wheelchair and learned to walk. She decided she would still try to follow her dreams, and sent some photos off to some modeling agencies. She did a few unpaid jobs while studying at college. Soon, paid commercial modeling jobs started coming in. Marita was a bit doubtful at first, because the crash had left her with huge scars on her leg and back. She was worried that people wouldn't want her to model for them, but this didn't stop her. Marita had done amazingly well to overcome everything that had been thrown at her in the three years. Finally, Marita became a professional model in 2013. She was signed up for advertising campaigns and appeared in TV ads. \n Answer: In 2011.",
            "output": [
                "When did the accident happen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3100584138db47379fac7a983398e202",
            "input": "Article: When Geoff Marcy was 14, his parents bought him a telescope. Every night, he would go onto the roof outside his window to see the wonders of the sky. \"What excited me most was whether there were planets in other solar systems where life might exist,\" he says. \"I decided to try to find planets orbiting other stars like our Sun.\" And he did. \"My fellow researcher, Paul Butler, and I found our first planet in 1995,\" Dr. Marcy says. \"We worked for ten years without finding anything! _ and our patience paid off.\" Since then, the two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets found orbiting other stars. Dr. Marcy and Dr. Butler also spotted the first \"family\" of three planets. In June 2002 they announced another discovery: a Jupiter-like planet orbiting star 55Cancri. At first, the two researchers found only planets that orbit close to stars. Recently, the scientists found planets farther out. The planet orbiting 55Cancri is a major breakthrough: it is the first sighting of a large gas planet about same distance from the star as Jupiter is from the Sun. Why is this important ? Scientists think that life on Earth may exist because of two special features in our solar system. The first is Jupiter. \"Because it's so big, Jupiter pulls comets and asteroids , or they all come and hit the Earth.\" Dr. Marcy explains. \"Without Jupiter , life on Earth would likely have been destroyed.\" A second feature is that Earth is a rocky planet where liquid water, which is necessary for life , can exist. Unlike gas planets, rocky planets like Earth have surfaces where water can gather in pools and seas, which may support life. A huge space exists between the Jupiter-like planet and two other planets that lie close to 55Cancri. Is there an Earth-like planet in the space, too small for us to notice? If so, says Dr. Marcy, \"We would have two striking similarities to our solar system: a Jupiter-like planet and an Earth-like planet. And there may be life!\" \n Answer: He is interested in finding life in outer space.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about Dr. Marcy from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-25ce3ed45e3648ed9b28eb7a1e04ca95",
            "input": "Article: People with an impulsive personality refer to those who tend to do things without considering the possible dangers or problems first. According to a new study by researchers at the University of Georgia, such people may be more likely to have food addiction. The study found that people exhibiting impulsive behavior weren't necessarily overweight, but impulsiveness was related to a direct relationship with food, and therefore, less healthy weight. Food addiction has been compared to addictive drug use. Studies have linked the dopamine   release that occurs after tasting delicious food to the dopamine release that happens when people consume other addictive substances. Impulsive behavior involves several personality traits  . Two of these traits, known as negative urgency and lack of perseverance, were particularly associated with food addiction and high BMI   during the study. Negative urgency is characterized by the tendency to behave impulsively when experiencing negative emotions. Some people might drink alcohol or take drugs. For others, it could mean eating to feel better. Lack of perseverance is when a person has a hard time finishing hard or boring tasks. People with a lack of perseverance might have difficulty attempting to change addictive eating behavior, which could also cause obesity. \"Impulsiveness might be one reason why some people eat in an addictive way despite motivation to lose weight,\" said Dr. Ashley Gearhardt, a clinical psychologist. He was involved in developing the Yale Food Addiction Scale in aid of those people. \"We are theorizing that if food addiction is really a thing, then our measure, the Yale Food Addiction Scale, should be related to helping control impulsive action,\" said Gearhardt. Clinical psychologist Dr. James MacKillop, whose lab was conducting the study, believes that therapies used to treat addictive drug behavior could help people who suffer from addictive eating habits. \"Most of the programs for weight loss at this point focus on the most obvious things, which are clearly diet and exercise,\" MacKillop said. \"It seems that managing strong desires to eat would naturally fit in with the skills a person would need to eat healthily.\" \n Answer: It might help some impulsive people with food addiction to lose weight.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred about the Yale Food Addiction Scale from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9faad4ce76f44df4ae39f1752faa290d",
            "input": "Article: The other day, I noticed a message on a friend's page. It made me very sad. She says she is the one who reaches out to people, but rarely do they reach out to her. So, after communicating with her for a while, I began to challenge my friends. \"Contact someone right now. Send messages or call someone who you haven't spoken to for a while, or who you only talk to when they message or call you. Let someone who may feel alone in the world right this moment know that they are not alone. That is my challenge to you. Please do it , and let me know once you have. Either by calling me back, or by sending me a message. Be the change that you want to see in the world. \" The response was great. 28people liked my post, another 10 posted that they did, and I got about a dozen messages telling me that they did. And there was one very special message: \"I just want you to know what has happened. That day, I sent a message to a friend who I hadn't heard from for a while. She and I talked for a whole day back and forth on messages and then on the phone. She said she was so incredibly sad. Nobody has spoken with her in two weeks. By the tone of her voice, and by the conversations we were having, I think she was about to take her own life . After our conversation, she has agreed to talk to someone. Your message of kindness has saved her. I can't wait to tell you how thankful I am for people like you in the world, who care when nobody else will. I am proud to call myself your friend. Thank you! \" I didn't quite know what to say after reading the message. I was wondering how best to use it for greater good. I decided that sharing what we have done is the most powerful way. I know that I am a cheerleader when it comes to making the world a better place with kindness, because if I help someone, it makes me feel better. I do it because I need to feel better. \n Answer: No one responds to her friend.",
            "output": [
                "What made the author unhappy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c30a953d10dd43498299d7bc15dbefc2",
            "input": "Article: Volunteering can help you deal with stress and problems, have more confidence, and introduce you to exciting new ideas and people. But what kind of volunteering should you do? Firstly, think about what you enjoy. What are you interested in? What do you want to be when you grow up? For example, if you love animals, you can volunteer to care for abandoned  pets or injured wildlife. If you want to grow up to be a doctor or a nurse, you can look for a youth volunteer program at a local hospital. Secondly, think about what you're good at. What skills do you have? What kinds of jobs do you do best? Try to find a volunteer position that will let you make the most of your strengths and talents. For example, if you're a great speaker, then you could try educating others about a problem you care about. If you're a cook, you might find a way to help feed hungry people in your area. Thirdly, look for what your own community needs. What should be improved in your town, city, or school? What types of volunteer projects would do the most good? For example, if there are a lot of homeless people in your area, you could raise money to help them. If your town has empty areas filled with dirt or rubbish, you could organize or join a group to plant trees and flowers to make these areas more attractive. The problems of the world, or even just of your community, might seem gigantic. Some people might even feel like there's no point trying to do anything, since what they can contribute seems so small. But every person is important, and can do some good and make a difference. Like you! \n Answer: How to improve society by volunteering.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fa59a2d5f0ac4ee2ae9e04883f50cd64",
            "input": "Article: Computers have been used in teaching for more than twenty years. But a new book says that only now are they changing education. And it predicts that a lot more is about to happen. The book is called \"Disrupting Class: How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns.\" \"Disruptive Innovation\" is a theory developed by lead author Clayton Christensen, a professor at the prefix = st1 /HarvardBusinessSchool. He says organizations almost always use new, creative technology only to continue what they already do. New technology should change organizations, he says, and disrupt them in a good way. They should use the technology to do things differently--for example, to serve more needs. The book says the needed disruptive force in education is computer-based learning. Michael Horn, another author of \"Disrupting Class\", told us about a Bostonpublic that he visited. Every student at Lilla G. Frederick Middle School inDorchester,Massachusetts, has a laptop computer. One class was learning about storms. Michael Horn says the laptops made it possible to truly individualize the lessons, to divide materials by ability level and learning style. At the end of the class, the students all took part in a discussion led by the teacher. Computer-based learning offers a way for students to take advanced courses not offered at their school, or to retake classes they failed. It also serves those who cannot physically attend school, and students who receive home schooling. Computer-based learning includes online courses. Enrollments in online courses have grown sharply. In 2007, the United Stateshad about one million enrollments, not including college courses. Students could be enrolled in more than one course, through schools or education companies. High school students make up about seventy percent of the enrollment. Still, nationally, only about one percent of all high school courses last year were taught online. But the authors of \"Disrupting Class\"predict it will be ten percent in about six years. And their research suggests that the number will be about fifty percent by 2019. And Michael Horn says the future of online learning could be even greater in developing countries. \n Answer: It was written by more than one author.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about the book \"Disrupting Class\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c67cbdf6797450380f2f9ce148ead38",
            "input": "Article: Home to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia .It's fun to come home.It looks the same.It smells the same.You'll realize what's changed is you.Home is where we can remember pain,love,and some other experiences:We parted here;My parents met here;I won three championships here. If I close my eyes,I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home.I walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glasstop wooden table.To the right of the living room is my first bedroom.It's empty,but it's where my earliest memories are. There is the dining room table where I celebrated birthdays,and where I cried on Halloween-when I didn't want to wear the skirt my mother made for me.I always liked standing on that table because it made me feel tall and strong.If I sit at this table,I can see my favorite room in the house,my parents' room.It is simple:a brown wooden dresser lines the right side of the wall next to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on each side.Their bed is my safe zone.I can jump on it anytime-waking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement that cannot wait until the morning. I'm lucky because I know my first home still exists.It exists in my mind and heart,on a physical property  on West 64thstreet on the western edge of Los Angeles.It is proof I lived,I grew,and I learned. Sometimes when I feel lost,I lie down and shut my eyes,and I go home.I know it's where I'll find my family,my dogs,and my belongings.I purposely leave the window open at night because I know I'll be blamed by Mom.But I don't mind,because I want to hear her say my name,which reminds me I'm home. \n Answer: The author can still visit her first physical home in Los Angeles.",
            "output": [
                "What can be learned from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e6eb167dc6034e9180cd5545374c8e17",
            "input": "Article: Read a lot, I mean a lot! You have to increase your ability for reading. Many students are in the habit of reading only when their exams are approaching while some others read only what they are taught or things that must be read because it is in their curriculum. But listen to me now, I am telling you from my own experience that it is a very bad habit and it is not enough to improve your intelligence. You have to learn and get ready to become _ in your reading. The fact that you are studying medicine in school does not mean that you should not know one or two things on politics. Many people have complained to me that they find it hard to read stuffs like novels but I just shake my head in pity for them because it is obvious they have failed to realize the truth in that wise saying by Margaret Fuller that \"today a READER, tomorrow a LEADER!\" When you read, you get to \"see\" so many places and it will be as if you have visited those places in real life. This is because reading will improve your imagination and creativity and understanding. You also get experience from learning about how people dealt with their various problems thereby saving you from going through the pains and difficulties they must have gone through! Reading will also help you in improving your vocabulary because you will certainly start coming across so many new words which you will try as much as possible to get accustomed to with the help of the dictionary! The good thing about increasing your vocabulary is that it will also improve your thinking ability. After all, we think in words and the more words you know, the easier it will become for you to express yourself or your thoughts. And when you read, make sure you read so wide because the more you read, the more you know and the more you know the more intelligent you can become. \n Answer: They should read as wide as possible.",
            "output": [
                "According to the author, what should students do in terms of reading?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2e73d4289700464e81b8ea5e8056da14",
            "input": "Article: It was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground. \"I'd watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he'd pushed,\" she says. \"I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, 'No, we don't push.'\" What happened next was unexpected. \"The boy's mother ran toward me from across the park,\" Stella says, \"I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for blaming her child. All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted and hurt other children?\" Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people's children has become a hidden danger. In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister's house it's encouraged. I find myself saying \"no\" a lot when her kids are over at mine. That's OK between sisters but becomes dangerous when you're talking to the children of friends or acquaintances. \"Kids aren't all raised the same,\" agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.\" But there is still an idea that they're the property of the parent. We see our children as a mirror of ourselves, so if you're saying that my child is behaving improperly, then that's somehow a criticism  of me.\" In those situations, it's difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two opinions. \"I'd go to the child first,\" says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. \"Usually a quiet reminder that 'we don't do that here' is enough. Kids have antennae   for how to behave in different settings.\" He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel careless, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too. This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents and ask them to deal with it,\" she says. Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: \"Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Start with something like: 'I know you'll think I'm silly but in my house I don't want...'\" \n Answer: Make an apology",
            "output": [
                "What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy's mother to do when she talked to him?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-28dbdbb0d9224055bd77a124a84d7a9e",
            "input": "Article: Electricity bills can be highly expensive and the power we consume comes at an even greater cost to the environment when you consider that over 85% of the electricity produced in the United States comes from fuels. Whether you're concerned about cleaning up the environment or you simply want to reduce your electricity bill,residential wind power generators could be a solution. Producing wind power at home will not work for everyone. If you live in a over-populated residential area,there may be certain laws and zoning requirements that prohibit the use of windmills .If you live on 1 acre of land or more,you probably won't have any issues but you should investigate carefully to make sure that wind power generators are both legal and practical where you live. Even if there are no laws or regulations prohibiting wind power generators you still need to be in a location that gets enough wind on a regular basis. Some producers of wind generators recommend that you live in an area with wind speeds that average at least 10 mph. Newer models have been developed recently that can operate with wind speeds as low as 4 mph but maximum efficiency is achieved at higher wind speeds. Before you fix a wind powered system,you will have to determine your power requirements. Will you be using it to charge a small battery for a boat or vehicle or will you need enough power to run your entire household and be completely off the grid ?Once you know what your power requirements are,you can start shopping around for a system that can meet those needs. Wind power generators are a great solution for a lot of people.They're an ideal solution for remote locations where it would be impractical or simply too expensive to tap into the grid.They are quiet and totally clean,producing no pollution. They require no fuel and very little maintenance. Residential wind power offers a lot of benefits but it's not for everyone. You'll have to have some money up front to pay for the system and equipment;however,you could save quite a bit of money if you're able to do much of the work yourself. You'll also need to live in an area that gets enough wind to make the equipment worthwhile. You'll need to do your homework before you make a purchase,but wind power generators could be a great solution for producing clean, low-cost energy. \n Answer: wind power generators enjoy a lot of benefits.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19cc635ca31b4c64b6c03b41e37c821a",
            "input": "Article: Washington: NASA has announced evidence that Jupiter's largest moon, Ganymede, has a saltwater ocean under its icy surface. The ocean seems to have more water than all the water on Earth's surface, according to new Hubble observation. New Hubble observations of Ganymede's magnetic field strongly suggest that the moon, which is the largest in our whole solar system, is home to a subsurface ocean. Scientists estimate the ocean is 95 kilometres thick, which is about 10 times deeper than Earth's oceans. But unlike our salty waters, Ganymede's ocean is buried under 150 kilometres of ice. While scientists have speculated  since 1970s about the presence of an ocean on Ganymede------the largest moon in our solar system------ until now the only observational evidence came from a brief flyby by the Galileo spacecraft, which didn't observe the moon long enough to confirm a liquid ocean. This discovery marks an important milestone, highlighting what only Hubble can accomplish. In its 25 years in orbit, Hubble has made many scientific discoveries in our own solar system. A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth. Scientists have already confirmed the existence of an ocean on Europa, another moon orbiting Jupiter, and NASA has announced plans to send an unmanned mission there searching for the life that might come with liquid water. Hubble is a telescope that orbits Earth, but because of its impressive gravitational analyses it can be used to study the inside of far distant planets. Using these same principles, scientists could theoretically detect oceans on distant planets as well. \n Answer: Its ocean adds to people's excitement about life beyond Earth.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the Ganymede from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d1c2c57bb80e45d795bad53a7758a402",
            "input": "Article: It's that time of year when people need to lock their cars. Is it because there are many criminals stealing cars? Not indeed. Rather, it's because of good-hearted neighbors who want to share their harvest. Sharon recently had a good year for tomatoes. She and her family had eaten and canned so many that they'd begun to feel their skin turn slightly red. That's when she decided it was time to share her blessings. Eventually she found a neighbor willing to have the tomatoes.\"Feel free to take whatever you want,\"Sharon told her. Later that day, Sharon found that her garden had indeed been harvested. She thought it a good way to help someone and the food didn't go to waste. A few days later, the neighbor knocked at the door, holding a loaf of bread:\"I want to thank you for all of the tomatoes, and I have to admit that I took a few other things and hoped you wouldn't mind.\"Sharon couldn't think of anything in her garden that had been worth harvesting and said so.\"But you did,\"the neighbor said.\"You had some of the prettiest zucchini.\" Sharon was confused. She hadn't even planted any zucchini. But her neighbor insisted that there were bright green zucchini. Sharon's curiosity got the better of her and she had to go to see where the zucchini had grown. When the neighbor pointed at the long green vegetables, Sharon smiled.\"Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter.\" The neighbor looked at Sharon, shock written all over her face. She hesitated a few times, and then smiling, held out the bread, part of a batch   she had shared all over the neighborhood,\"I brought you a loaf of cucumber bread. I hope you like it.\" \n Answer: It might be loaded with vegetables or fruits.",
            "output": [
                "What might happen if a car were left unlocked in Sharon's neighborhood at harvest time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae95e28d41664e44806a63f435556558",
            "input": "Article: JIUQUAN, Gansu Province, Sept. 6(Xinhua) ---- China's manned spacecraft Shenzhou-7 will be launched at an appropriate time between Sept. 25 and 30 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern Gansu Province, a spokesman said here on Saturday. The mission will accomplish the first spacewalk by Chinese astronauts. \"All the major systems involved in the launching are now in the final preparation. The main tests for the spacecraft, the Long-March II-F rocket, suits for the space walk and a satellite accompanying the fly have also been finished, \" said the spokesman. In addition, the ground control system is fully prepared, including the launch site, the landing site, and the communication for observation and control. When Shenzhou-7 enters its orbit, one of the three taikonauts will conduct a space walk, said Zhao Changxi, a senior scientist with the project, earlier. According to Zhao, cameras would be fixed outside and inside of the ship for live broadcasting of the space walk. While the last mission of Shenzhou-6, with a crew of two, was aimed at several days of manned flight, this time the task might be more stringent as one of its main goals is the space walk. Earlier reports said a crew of six astronauts had been chosen for the mission, with three manning the spacecraft and three substitutes. China successfully put two manned spacecrafts into orbit in 2003 and 2005 respectively, becoming the third country to send an astronaut into space after the United States and the former Soviet Union(now   Russia). \n Answer: China is ready for the launching of SHenzhou 7.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff2c1c05ed4f4914b1f82d8e00b7176e",
            "input": "Article: There is a joke among flu researchers: \"If you've seen one flu season, you've seen one flu season.\" The joke is about the unpredictable nature of the flu virus. Every year it looks different, and everystrain  follows its own pattern -- it's the reason why new strains like H1N1 are extremely difficult to predict. Dr. Michael Osterholm is a former adviser to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. \"I know less about influenza today than I did 10 years ago,\" he says in a joking way. \"Every stone we've turned over, we get more questions.\" The flu rectums every season and the world experiences terriblepandemics , but researchers still do not understand why some strains infect people and others do not; they are not entirely sure about how the flu is transmitted; nor do they understand why some patients become seriously ill while others develop mildsymptoms . As a result, when a new strain shows up -- like H1N1 -- they often have little information to _ , and the lessons of previous pandemics are only somewhat helpful. While researchers are still putting together a complete picture of H1N1, for example, its most striking difference with the seasonal flu is that the elder1y are not the mostvulnerable  population. Influenza's unpredictable nature makes it a moving target for researchers, says researcher Allison Aiello at the University of Michigan. \"Even if we had complete seasonal flu data from the past, it wouldn't be much helpful for a new strain of influenza,\" she explains. Whi1e researchers are frustrated by the holes in their knowledge, they say, however, that the pub1ic--health community is generally doing a very good job responding to H1N1 with seasonal flu data that do exist. Studying influenza, says Osterholm, is \"like looking through the windows of a house you can't get into because the door is locked.\" Gathering the data researchers do have is like \"looking through the windows to get a pretty good picture of what the inside looks like.\" One thing researchers do know for sure: the best way for people to protect against H1N1 is to get the vaccine once it becomes available to them. \n Answer: Receiving vaccines will be effective to protect against it.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about H1N1 from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-105d831d165b4ffabeed1dd60f321970",
            "input": "Article: Standing in front of the \"Chilkoot Trailhead\" sign for 15 minutes, I didn't take one step. I was afraid of bears. That's what was keeping me from walking the trail alone. I had hiked through black-bear country back home in Colorado, but now I was in Alaska, home to the fierce brown grizzly bear. Fortunately, a friendly couple arrived and asked me to take their picture. We started talking and soon were walking the trail together. I was relieved. Ron and Carol were from Alaska and they taught me how to stay safe in bear country. I had finally started my hike along the famous Chilkoot Trail, where more than 115 years ago, thousands of gold miners had walked. I was writing a book about the Klondike Gold Rush, and I wanted to follow in the footsteps of the miners to know what it was really like. Ron, Carol, and I walked through the forest. As I was looking around at the beautiful scenery in the forest, I tripped   over a big tree root and injured my ankle  . Fortunately, my ankle felt better in the morning, and we followed the trail. We went to bed early that night because the following day would be the toughest hike of all. At dawn, we started hiking up the steep  , green valley. Icy glaciers covered the mountains above. Soon we were as high as the clouds and could see only 20 feet in front of us. Finally, we reached the top of the Chilkoot pass and saw a Canadian flag moving in the heavy wind. Hours later, we arrived at our campground. The following morning, my ankle was feeling fine, and my fear of bears had mostly disappeared. I said good-bye to Ron and Carol and walked alone for the next two days. Without seeing any bears the entire trip, I finally arrived at Bennett Lake. I rode the old train down to the town of Skagway and checked into my hotel. While relaxing in my comfortable bed in the hotel, I thought of the miners from the Klondike Gold Rush. When the miners reached Bennett Lake, they had to cut down trees, build boats, and travel 500 miles down dangerous rivers and lakes. Then, when they finally reached the goldfields, they had to start digging. \n Answer: Because he felt nervous.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author stand in front of the \"Chilkoot Trailhead\" sign for 15 minutes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dfffe1a4fc9643b898153da899be465d",
            "input": "Article: A powerful earthquake struck the northeastern coast of Japan at two forty-six p.m. local time on March eleventh.2011. Japan's Meteorological Agency released its first tsunami  warnings just three minutes later. The country has one of the best earthquake early warning systems in the world. There are more than four thousand Seismic Intensity Meters in place throughout Japan to measure earthquake activity. These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening. Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes. There are also concrete  sea walls around much of the Japanese coastline. But these measures proved no match for the powerful earthquake and tsunami. Costas Synolakis ,a tsunami expert at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles said,\"Japan is one of those most well-prepared countries on earth in terms of tsunami warning. They had a warning. I think what went wrong is that they had not expected the size of this event.\" He says there are two reasons for this. Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last one hundred fifty years. And scientists had not expected such a large earthquake happening off the coast of Japan. The nine point zero magnitude earthquake was the fourth most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide. It was also the worst earthquake ever to hit Japan. The tsunami waves that followed were reported to have reached as high as thirteen meters in some areas. Costas Synolakis says Japan's concrete sea walls were not built to handle such high waves. Experts say early warning systems will continue to be limited by these facts until earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted \n Answer: A newspaper",
            "output": [
                "Where can this passage probably be adapted from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c34e8ee7e4064d89a79c38db194a6ba9",
            "input": "Article: BEIJING --- Since Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature, the public has started to consider the way to improve Chinese literature's global presence. The prize indicates that Chinese contemporary authors and their works are getting the world's attention, which inspires writers and amateurs to continue their work, according to Wang Meng, a famous Chinese writer. But \"the prize came a little late,\" said Xue Yongwu, dean of the College of Liberal Arts, Journalism and Communication with Ocean University of China (OUC). There have been many accomplished writers of modern and contemporary literature in China, including Lu Xun, Ba Jin and Mao Dun, who should have won the prize earlier, he noted. China's splendid ancient literature, which extends thousands of years, has been widely acknowledged across the world. However, the contemporary literature failed to get enough recognition from outside the country due to its short history and complex political influences, he explained. Language has also been a barrier. Only a small proportion of Chinese literature has been translated into foreign languages, mainly English. The quality of some translated editions needs improvement, said Xue.  In addition to language skills, translation requires high-level comprehension and explanation of culture and art. It's hard for people without any literature background to produce a translation that fully reserves the aesthetic  sense of the original version, according to Ren Dongsheng, professor with the College of Foreign Languages of OUC. The 57-year-old writer is known for his description of Chinese rural life. The settings for his works range from the 1911 revolution, Japan's invasion to Cultural Revolution. Mo combines hallucinatory  realism with folk tales, which is more appealing to the taste of Western readers than the styles adopted by many of his peers, such as Yu Hua, Su Tong and Wang Shuo, said Zhang Hongsheng, dean of the Literature Department of the Communication University of China.       However, \"Nobel Prize is not the unique standard to judge the achievements of a writer. Prizes presented by different organizations adopt various evaluation criteria,\" said Xu Yan, a literature critic. The quality of a literary work is always judged by the topic, language, structure, the way of story-telling, imagination and some other significant elements. People's tastes vary from different social background and cultural mechanism, she added.     Chinese contemporary literature, which appeared in 1949, has seen a trend of diversification since the country adopted the market economy in 1992. \"The prize is a positive sign that the West begins to recognize Chinese literature. But it's an acknowledgement of individual efforts, and Chinese literature revival still has a long way to go,\" said Zhang. Xue called upon Chinese writers to produce quality works with international perspectives. Good literature should reveal social problems and people's concerns while create the beauty of art. \"The society should provide favorable environment for the growth of Chinese writers,\" he stressed. Seeking increasing world attention requires Chinese writers to maintain the national characteristics and uniqueness. \"Chinese elements are the last to lose in successful writings,\" Zhang said.     China's book market has witnessed booming sales of Mo's masterpieces over the past days. Zhicheng Classic Bookstore, registered at T-Mall of China's largest online retailer Taobao.com, said 1,500 volumes of Mo's latest novel Frog were sold out in six hours after Mo won the prize. The store has received 1,200 reservation orders by 3:30 pm Friday. The book, about China's family-planning policy, also moved up to 14th from 560th on the list of the most populous book at the Amazon.cn withinin two days. Cao Yuanyong, deputy editor-in-chief of Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing Group, said the company is producing the new edition of a collection of Mo's 16 works, which is expected to refill the empty shelves of many book retailers in a week. \n Answer: Individual efforts",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the reason for Chinese contemporary literature failed to win the Nobel in the past from the opinions of Xue Yongwu?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8d100607bb644e948acd6165fa2addb9",
            "input": "Article: Over the holidays, I took my three young children into a fancy chocolate shop to buy a gift. I was feeling pretty good until halfway home when I looked in the rearview mirror and noticed my 7-year-old son playing with a plastic toy. \"Um, where did you get that, Alex?!\" \"Did you buy it?\" \"Did I buy it?\" \"Did you take it?!\" Long story short: He had stolen the toy. I kept my cool--even when he said, \"but it was only a $1.50, mom!\"--and explained why it was unacceptable to take things we didn't buy. I also said he would be returning to the store to apologize and return the item. A few hours later, I marched my son back to the store with two dollars from his pocket money. I stood by the door as he walked sheepishly to the counter and told the clerk that he had taken something without paying for it, that he was sorry and that he would pay for it now. (The toy could not be returned now because Alex had broken it.) Tears streamed down my cheeks as I watched him fidget nervously and search the clerk's face for a sign of approval. Fortunately, the clerk at the chocolate shop was gracious. She told my son he had done the right thing and when she caught my eye, I smiled in thanks and we left. I told my son that I was proud of him and to remember how awful the experience felt. \n Answer: Alex paid for the toy with his money in the end.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69772d33300a450a907c9ceac12eac20",
            "input": "Article: Taking exams in a large group setting can be stressful for students and for the staff members who are watching over them. When classrooms are crowded and desks are close together, cheating might be tempting. One university in Thailand came up with an anti-cheating hat that makes it almost impossible for students to see other students' papers. A photo of the students wearing the anti-cheating hats made its way to the Internet, and the university was criticized for making students wear those ridiculous looking homemade hats. The hats were made by stapling pieces of paper onto a headband, one to each side of the head. After being criticized, senior academic staff at Kasetsart University in Bangkok, Thailand, released a statement saying that the hats idea came from students. They said that in a bid to prevent cheating they asked the students for ideas on how to prevent cheating in the upcoming exam, which was being taken by almost one hundred students. Students came up with different ideas, then the paper hat idea was selected by them as the most suitable. The university claimed that no one was forced to use the hat, but they all chose to do so.\"When wearing the hat during the exam, students felt more relaxed, \"Nattadon Rungruangkitkrai, a lecturer at the university said.\"It was not meant to indicate that Kasetsart students often cheat on exams. I apologize if the photo makes other people look at my students in a negative way, \"Rungruangkitkrai added. \n Answer: When the staff members who are watching over them are not responsible.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, in which case cheating will become easy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8eecb11b5edc4c368e7f85ffc879814c",
            "input": "Article: Helicopter Aerial Tour Explore the Grand Cannon from the eyes of the eagle. A wonderful 12- to 15-minute helicopter tour will soar through the canyon for an aerial experience of wonderful views. Our aerial tour is not available anywhere else in the world! Ticket:$120. 00 per person, plus 10% tax. Please call us at 1-888-868-9378 for seasonal rates, specials or to book by phone. Helicopter-Boat Tour Helicopter tour starts at the Grand Canyon, West Side. Take a 4,000-foot fall to the Colorado River below. Helicopters fall 4,000 feet from the canyon side to the banks of the Colorado River where visitors can enjoy a 15- to 20-minute boat ride down the Colorado. Ticket:$150. 00 per person, plus 10% tax. Champagne Helicopter Tour Experience the beauty of the Grand Cannon: Soar above the Hoover Dam and the dead volcanoes. You go aboard a million-dollar helicopter with all forward facing seats allowing 180 degrees of views in air-conditioned comfort. You will see the Hoover Dam, the Colorado River, the Grand Cannon and more! You land to have a champagne picnic lunch at the Grand Cannon. Las Vegas Adventure Tour Helicopter tours to the Grand Canyon West include a wonderful Las Vegas adventure tour. Aerial sightseeing tours originating in Las Vegas, Nevada include breathtaking views of Lake Mead, the Mohave Desert, and the west edge of the Grand Canyon. Aerial tours including the round trip as well as combination tours attract many visitors. Visitors arriving at the Hualapai elation's Grand Cannon West Airport may select one of the activities above. \n Answer: 330 dollars.",
            "output": [
                "How much should a couple pay for a helicopter-boat tour?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae2eb33fbdaf44dfaa6ddec542bff066",
            "input": "Article: You can do it! That's a better way to motivate   yourself than saying \"I can do it, \" according to a new study that shows giving yourself advice and encouragement in the second-person before an upcoming task may actually improve your performance more than first-person self-talk. \"People are used to receiving and giving advice in the second-person, and they seem to prefer using the second-person pronoun to encourage themselves,\" says study co-author, Dr. Sanda Dolcos, a researcher at the University of Illinois. \"Self-advice expressed using 'You' probably enables people to have a broader perspective , consider how others might view the event, and reproduce the kind of encouragements previously received from others.\" For the study, Dr. Dolcos and her colleague, Dr. Dolores, asked 143 undergraduate students to write down advice to themselves before completing a series of puzzles. Half of the students were asked to use the first-person, while the others wrote in the second-person. What did the researchers find? The students who wrote in the second-person managed to complete more puzzles and appeared to have a more positive attitude. The researchers also asked the students to write down advice to themselves in relation to exercising more often in the next two weeks. Those who wrote in the second-person, again, reported a more positive attitude toward the task and even planned to do more exercise than the students who referred to themselves in the first-person. \"We were not surprised and had previous research showing that people _ use 'You' in situations that require high levels of self-control and action,\" Dolcos said. But why did the researchers ask students to write down their self-talk instead of saying it out loud? \" Writing as a tool of conversing with oneself has long been used as a therapeutical approach,\" Dolcos explained. \"However, further research is needed to determine which form of self-advice, written or spoken, is more beneficial.\" \n Answer: It is more encouraging to talk to oneself using the second-person.",
            "output": [
                "What did the researchers find?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-71ba7184d5534757baa67ef8e46b9661",
            "input": "Article: Standing desks have become common across Silicon Valley, offering health benefits to those willing to work on their feet. However, due to their high price, they have failed to catch on until now. Recently, Ikea has brought out Bekant convertible standing desk that can become a normal desk at the touch of a button. The $500 adjustable desk can transform from a standard desk to a standing one, and Ikea hopes it could make the standing desk mainstream. Experts say that changing from a seated to a standing desk can improve productivity. Similar desks have become a common sight at tech firms such as Google, where some employees have even installed treadmill  and bicycle desks. The desk is not the first \"convertible\" on the market. As early as 2013, Stir Kinect brought out an adjustable desk. The $3,890 Stir Kinect desk has a motor to raise and lower itself, converting it into a standing desk or a traditional desk. The desk can even be programmed to move up and down slightly, making it appear to take a gentle breath to remind the user to change their position. To move between sitting and standing positions, owners simply double tap on the screen. The desk can learn the user's preferences over time and suggest the best seating position. The Stir Kinect desk was created by a team of ex-Apple and Disney engineers. It has a built-in touch screen to control and track movement, and can tell users exactly how many calories they burn by standing during their working day. It also has devices containing power points and USB ports for charging phones, to keep cables hidden. \"Ikea's height adjustable desk is great for opening up the lower end of the market, '' said JP Labrosse, founder and CEO of Stir. \n Answer: Ikea has brought out an adjustable standing desk.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a4e09f9a49de4836b47901d39f193d8e",
            "input": "Article: When I was going home to India last year, I called up my mother to ask if she wanted anything from china, When India had not opened up its markers to the world, I carried suitcase loads of dark glasses and jeans. Thankfully, we can get all these anywhere in India now, Still ,her answer surprised me: \"Green tea,\" As long as I can remember she didn't even drink    Indian tea. I dutifully bought a big packet of Longjing and headed home to hear the story. My mother and her brother, both regular newspaper readers, believed that Chinese green tea was the wonder drug for all illnesses At the turn of the century, China was not really familiar to the average Indian, It was a strange country How things change [And how soon] Now every town of any size seems to have a \"China Market\". And everyone is talking about China The government of India has planned to send a team to China to see how things are done A minister once said that India must open the doors for more foreign investment and such a step would \"work wonders as it did for China\". But _ , I just heard about a thousand Shenzhen office workers who have gone to Rangalore to train in software. Meanwhile, all the IT majors are setting up a strong presence in China, No wonder that trade, which was only in the millions just ten years ago, is expected to his about us$15 billion for last year and us$20 billion by 2008, a goal set by both governments, No wonder, my colleague wrote some weeks ago about this being the Sino-Indian century as the two countries started on January I the Sino-Indian Friendship Year, \n Answer: It is seeking further development in China",
            "output": [
                "hat do we know about the Indian IT industry?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c2b33d4ebc1e40ecbb62bd00387d5fdd",
            "input": "Article: New research says 35 percent of the deaths of children worldwide are caused by hunger. The research is from poor to middle-income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America.  Robert Black from the Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University in prefix = st1 /Marylandwas the leading writer of the research. He says more than 3.5 million mothers and children under five die in poor countries each year because of hunger.  He says more than two million children die from underdevelopment, either before or after birth. Millions of others who survive face a lifetime of disabilities or early death. And the effects are not just physical. Poor brain development can limit economic success as children become adults. Then the cycle of poverty and hunger often repeats for their children.  Doctor Black says hungry children are also more likely to have conditions like high blood pressure and heart disease as adults. He says the studies show that food programs need to place the greatest importance on the first two years of life. Hungry children can suffer the whole life damage from age two.  So it is high time to improve their diets. Diets should include foods rich in vitamin A and other useful things. The researchers say early help like these could reduce child deaths by 25%.  The research has faced some criticism . A medical aid group says the researchers underestimate the number of child deaths from hunger. The researchers say there are findings that support this treatment but more studies are needed to compare it to hospital care. \n Answer: Generally speaking, hungry children have less chance of catching heart disease when they grow up.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b6dfb08f40a04112892ab598c3f3726a",
            "input": "Article: It was not a good day today. Everything went wrong. First, I slept late and Mom shouted at me to wake up. When I went to the kitchen for breakfast, there was no cereal. I decided to have some toast instead, but I burned it. I had to eat it anyway because there was no more bread. There was no juice, either. I just had a glass of water. When I was almost at the bus stop, I realized that I had forgotten my wallet, so I had to go back home and get it. Of course, I missed the bus and had to wait for the next bus. I was late for school and the teacher told me to stay in the classroom at lunchtime to catch up on the schoolwork I had missed. After lunch, it was the time to give the teacher our homework. I reached into my bag to get it but it wasn't there. I had left it at home. I was in trouble again. When I got home, I went straight to my room to catch up on my homework. Mom cooked fish for dinner. She knows I don't like fish, but she thinks it is good for her son. It was a horrible day. I hope tomorrow will be better. \n Answer: Part of the writer's house was on fire.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the writer on this bad day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bef4e3caec324e38bd5ddf1c154429f3",
            "input": "Article: Today's word, pan, takes us back to the days of the gold rush in California. On January 24th, 1848, a man named James Wilson Marshall discovered gold in California. The news spread quickly. Thousands rushed west. They traveled on foot, on horseback and by boat to reach the gold fields. By 1849, the great gold rush was on. Towns and cities grew overnight. Throughout California --- in the mountains, along the streams and rivers --- thousands of people searched for gold. Some found areas of mountain rock thick with gold. These men got rich. But such areas were few and quickly claimed by the first men to find them. Others searched for gold in the rivers coming down the mountains. They were after pieces of gold that the rains had washed down from above . The only way to find this gold was by panning. First a gold miner put dirt in a metal pan and added water. Then he shook the pan so that the water would wash the dirt. Slowly, he poured the water out of the pan. If he was a lucky miner, pieces of gold would remain. Across the nation, newspapers carried stories of the gold being found. Each one hoped that the place he claimed panned out well --- had some gold. For many, gold mining did not pan out. For a few, it panned out well. But in time, huge machines were built that could wash many tons of dirt at a time. Panning died out. The word, however, remained in the language. Today, Americans still say, \" It panned out well ,\" when something they have done pleases them. A business, a discovery, a simple event pans out well if it is successful. Unhappily, sometimes things do not pan out. In recent years, the word pan has taken on another meaning. Today, it also means to criticize. How it got this meaning is hard to discover. But the job of a critic is to sometimes pan the work of a writer, artist or singer. \n Answer: Because the land of California was fertile at that time.",
            "output": [
                "Why did so many people flood to California in 1848?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-efc6dfc4c4b946d98fb8203636be54f7",
            "input": "Article: Since 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at the age of 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter. \"As long as it works\", he said in 1991, \"I'll continue to do those commercials.\" Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. \"He still won't let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper fitting shoes,\" Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted  as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work. \"He fed me,\" Thomas said, \"and if I got out of line, he'd beat me.\" Moving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he had something much better in mind. \"I thought if I owned a restaurant,\" he said, \"I could eat for free.\" A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968. In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6,000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes $ 6 billion a year in sales. Although troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine, 66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992. In 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Creek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed. \"The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,\" says friend Pat Williams. \"He wasn't a great actor or a great speaker . _ .\" \n Answer: The life of Dave Thomas.",
            "output": [
                "What is the article mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c97e90872f5a4520a5c698181da961dd",
            "input": "Article: Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes , or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. Sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people. The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by _ s. And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology is applied , not only these two diseases can be cured completely, bringing happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved, therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, human life span  can be prolonged. Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English imperial family being a good example, have hereditary diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. The scientists just need to find the wrong gene and correct it and a healthy child will be born. Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture (produce) human beings in large quantities. In the past few years, scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep; therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way. Of course, the governments must take care to control gene technology. \n Answer: Expressing the writer's idea that gene technology will benefit people",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of writing this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9a48386ad0534feb96ba38e2636c8490",
            "input": "Article: Poor families in some countries spend as much as eighty percent of their money on food. Rising prices in recent months have created the worst food crisis  in more than thirty years. The United Nations World Food Program says high food prices could push one hundred million people into hunger. Nathan Childs is an expert on rice markets. He notes that the harvest for the latest growing season was the largest on record. But India, Vietnam and others have restricted exports  to keep prices down at home and protect supplies. Thailand's agriculture minister says his country will never restrict rice exports. He told the Reuters news agency Thursday that Thailand has enough supplies to meet demand at home and for export. Thailand is the world's largest rice exporter. Recent signs of an increase in supplies have helped ease record prices for Thai rice. Prices rose last week above one thousand dollars a ton. Vietnam, the second biggest exporter, has banned  exports until June. And Vietnamese officials have now warned that non-food traders who buy rice for speculation will be severely punished. Some experts say speculation is a necessary part of market activity. But the head of the U.N. Environment Program blames it for the high food prices. \"We have enough food on this planet today to feed everyone.\" Achim Steiner told the Associated Press. Earlier, a member of the United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission didn't accept the idea that speculators are the main cause. Bart Chilton blamed reduced harvests and grain supplies and the falling value of the dollar. U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon called heads of major international agencies to a meeting this week in the Swiss capital, Bern. He says high food prices could harm world trade, economic growth, social progress and political security. \n Answer: Rising prices of food have led to the world food crisis.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ce25287f6f104290ac037dc299451740",
            "input": "Article: Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert   system using text messages delivered to cell phones.  Text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless industry's trade association, CTIA, estimates   more than 48 billions text messages are sent each month.  The plan comes from the Warning alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvement to the nation's emergency alter system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.  \"The ability to deliver accurate and timely warning and alert alters through cell phone and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies,\" FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said following approval of the plan.  Participation in the alert system by carriers -- telecommunication companies -- is voluntary, but it has received solid support from the wireless industry.  The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.  There would be three types of messages, according to the rules.  The first would be a national alter from the president, likely involving  a terrorists attack or natural disaster. The second would involve \"approaching threats,\" which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be reserved for child abduction  emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts.  The service could be in place by 2010. \n Answer: To warn people of emergencies via message.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the approval plan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a5d3803452614dd99135c632e1bd97d8",
            "input": "Article: Selena Gomez and I are scheduled to meet at a lowkey coffee shop in Encino. Not wanting to keep the superstar waiting, I arrived at nine, 20 minutes early. As I was catching up on emails, Selena quietly scooted into the seat next to me. No bodyguard. Not even a drop of makeup. She was ten minutes early and no one else in the restaurant looked up so much. Selena was wearing Bebe shorts. She had a baby face and ordered a hot chocolate. After making small talk about what she wore for the shoot, she dived into the subject of her career. Selena declared 2012 the year of movies. She filmed three: Spring Breakers, a drama; The Getaway, an action flick; and Hotel Transylvania, a comedy. Each is a marked move away from the teen style that made her a household name. Now that her Disney days are behind her, Selena is at that unstable point in a child star's career where she is trying to grow up--both as a person(she turned 20 in July)and as an artist. \"Being part of the Disney Channel was such a blessing, and I'm super happy with what my show accomplished, but acting is something I would like to take on more seriously.\" She continued, \"I don't necessarily feel accomplished. I want to create a whole different person when it comes to acting.\" Selena has been working fulltime since she was seven years old and scored a role on Barney&Friends. In 2007, when she was offered the lead in Wizards of Waverly Place, Selena, her mother, and her stepfather _ from Texas to LA , where they are settling now. \n Answer: At thirty past nine.",
            "output": [
                "When was it that Selena arrived at the lowkey coffee shop?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0d73a673a7b749f28809761f65f04bd5",
            "input": "Article: Introduction Blenheim Palace is one of the Europe's largest and greatest palaces. It was built between 1705 and 1722 as a reward of the British government to John Churchill, 1stDuke of Marlborough, for defeating King Louis XIV's army at Blenheim, a small Bavarian village on the Danube River. The palace was designed by Sir John Vanbrugh, which displayed strength and arm glory. It is the largest non-royal building in England and is now listed by the UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Winston Churchill In 1874, the palace was the birthplace of the duke's most famous _ . Winston Churchill, who was to become the UK's Prime Minister (some would say Britain's greatest 20th-century politician ) and Nobel prize winner for literature. It is also in Blenheim that Winston got married to Clementine Hozier in 1908. A lasting exhibition is devoted to the man's life, work and writings. Winston and his wife are buried in Bladon Church within the palace. Opening Hours & Admission Blenheim is still the home of the 11th Duke of Marlborough and is therefore not open all year round (although the park is). The palace opens its doors to visitors from 12 February to 11 December. Entry to the palace, park and gardens cost PS11.50 during the low season and PS13 during the peak season (Easter weekend and from 28 May to 11 September), or PS6/PS8 for the park and gardens only. The park is open all-year round from 9am to 4:45pm (last entry). Admission is PS2.50 for adults and PS1.50 for children. Note that numerous discounts exist for seniors, students, children and groups. Please refer to the official website for more details. \n Answer: It was built in honor of Prime Minister Winston Churchill",
            "output": [
                "What can be learned, about Blenheim Palace?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7792b0eff14c40758808b0221f5ffe9f",
            "input": "Article: \"I honestly have no idea how that cat got up there.It's a hundred--foot--metal pole.There's no way he climbed that thing,\"Jim said to the worried woman.It wasn't even her cat,but she was passing by and saw it.immediately calling the fire--station to come to save it.Jim saw a lot of strange things as a fireman,often sad or upsetting things,but this was new. \"I suppose we could get the blanket and see if we can convince the poor cat to jump down* But he doesn't really look too scared...\"Jim said to the woman. \"Dave,get over here!\" Jim called over his shoulder to the fire truck driver.Dave walked over and looked where Jim was pointing. \"How'd he get up there?\" Jim shrugged,similarly puzzled.\"Do you suppose we could get the blanket and convince him to jump?\" Dave shrugged in response.\"I don't see why not.\" Jim looked up at the black mass on the top of the flagpole,the American nag waving proudly beneath _ .It was definitely a cat,and he regarded the people gathered below as if they were his subjects and he their king,his yellow eyes scanning his surroundings with apparent disinterest. When the blanket was spread out below the cat,Jim and Dave began striking the flagpole.The cat looked down,and then gazed into the sky as if it were looking for something.Jim and Dave followed his gaze.Suddenly,out of the clear sky,appeared a dark figure.The figure swooped low toward the flagpole.It was an eagle! As it got closer,the cat leaped down the pole swiftly onto the ground,and then got lost in the bushes. Jim,Dave,and the old woman were left with their mouths open.They all agreed it was the best way to get it down. \n Answer: Because she wanted to save the cat.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the woman call the fire station ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-544f8641b88345c3a20aa466fa846936",
            "input": "Article: We all know that theme parks are places to have fun and amuse ourselves, but among so many exciting rides there are also some dangers, Make sure you know what the safety standards are for all the attractions at the park. If you do that , you will be safe and have fun. Drink water. Believe it or not , dehydration-- when your body doesn't have enough water--is the commonest cause of injuries at theme parks. Drinking water while you are at the park is not enough.You must make sure that you drink enough water before your visit. Use your \"common sense\". There are lots of people around , so make sure where your friends or family are .Also ,if you are walking and want to stop , make sure nobody is walking behind you. First step aside,then look behind and if you aren't in anybody's way,then stop.It might sound exaggerated ,but crashes between people can cause accidents. Follow the instructions. The majority of theme parks have instructions for each ride. Some rides only allow people of a certain height. So make sure you are not too tall or too short before boarding any ride. Also, people with certain diseases or conditions are advised not to go on some rides. Do remember : If you are told not to go on a ride, then DON'T. Do not ride with a bad atomach or if you've just eaten. Rides can make you ill because of their violent changes of direction and your lunch may end up on someone else's head: surely not a very pleasant experience. Have fun, relax, and be a little brave! Some rides might look scary but theme parks are very safe places. \n Answer: Dehydration",
            "output": [
                "What is the leading reason for injuries at theme parks?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2564f42447664414b880dbdb72535788",
            "input": "Article: As one of the world's oldest holidays, Halloween is still celebrated today in several countries around the globe, but it is in North America and Canada that it maintains its highest level of popularity. Every year, 65% of Americans decorate their homes and offices for Halloween. Halloween is the holiday when the most candy is sold and is second only to Christians in terms of total sales. Austria In Austria, some people will leave bread, water and a lighted lamp on the table before retiring on Halloween night. The reason for this is that it was once believed such items would welcome the dead souls back to earth on a night which for the Austrians was considered to be brimming with strong cosmic energies. Belgium The Belgians believe that it is unlucky for a black cat to cross one's path and also unlucky if it should enter a home or travel on a ship. The custom in Belgium on Halloween night is to light candles in memory of dead relatives. Canada Modern Halloween celebrations in Canada began with the arrival of Scottish and Irish immigrants in the 1800s. Jack- O- Lantern is carved and the festivities include parties, trick-or-treating and the decorating of homes with pumpkins and corn stalks. France Unlike most nation of the world, Halloween is not celebrated by the French in order to honor the dead and departed ancestors. It is regarded as an \"American\" holiday in France and was unknown in the country until around 1996. \n Answer: Canada and North America.",
            "output": [
                "In which countries does Halloween have its highest level of popularity?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-893ef60327cd489299c0f49374886385",
            "input": "Article: What makes a boarding school  different from a normal school? The answer is simple: when in a boarding school you stay there instead of going home. This is something everyone knows. But what not everyone knows is that when you are in a boarding school, you make a lot of friends. You live together with your friends for a few years, which makes the friendship even more _ . You are a lot closer to your teachers and other workers in your school. It most feels like you are in one big happy family. If boarding students have any problems, they can always go to one of the teachers or one of the workers, and they will be glad to be able to help. Life in a girl boarding school or a boy boarding school differs a lot from life in a mixed one. Studies have shown that the social life and academic  results from students in a single sex boarding school are much better than those of a mixed one. One of the reasons for this is that with less pressure in the classes, the children can concentrate  much better when they are in separated classes. Life in boarding schools for troubled teens differs from that of all the other boarding schools. Life in these schools is often much stricter because of the rules the students have to obey. These schools have strict rules to teach troubled teens respect. Although some boarding schools have some different rules and different ways of teaching, life in schools is almost the same. Students attend classes, eat together, and sleep in dorms where they normally have to share their room with some other students. Attending a boarding school is a great experience and the values you learn there will help you in the rest of your life. \n Answer: The friendship there and having to stay in school.",
            "output": [
                "According to the author, what makes a boarding school life so different?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f99205ce4904f6ea68bde5a030c3db1",
            "input": "Article: Alex London Research Laboratory (ALRL) is part of Alex Co., Ltd., a major Australian medicine-making company. Opened in 1992, ALRL specialises in the development of new medicines for the treatment of heart diseases. A position is now open for a Research Operations Manager(ROM) to support our growing research team at the new laboratories in Hatfield,due to open in the autumn of 2012. Reporting to the Director,you will help set up and run the technical and scientific support services of our new laboratories now under construction.You will be expected to provide expert knowledge about and be in charge of all areas of ALRL'S Health and Safety,and to communicate  with support employees at ALRL'S laboratories based at University College London.Working closely with scientists and other operations and technical employees,you will manage a small number of research support employees providing services to help with the research activities to be carried out at the new laboratories. Candidates  will have experience of both management and research support/technical services.Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary. Education to degree level is also desirable.  If you are interested in this position,please send your CV to Alex London Research  Laboratory,University College London,Hatfield,London,W1E 6B7 or by email to ALRL@alex.co.uk.  For more Information.please visit www.alex.co.uk. \n Answer: They have not yet been set up.",
            "output": [
                "What can be learnt about the new laboratories from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a731e943d7045c985163786b3f141df",
            "input": "Article: Life is difficult. It is a great truth because once we truly understand and accept it, then life is no longer difficult. Most do not fully see this truth. Instead they complain  about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that difficulties stand for a special kind of suffering especially forced on them or else on their families, their class, or even their nation. What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending on their nature, cause sadness, or loneliness  or regret or anger or fear. These are uncomfortable feelings, often as painful as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes a lot of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy. Yet, it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the serious test that tells us success from failure. When we want to encourage the growth of human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems, just as in school we set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of meeting and working out problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, \"Those things that hurt, instruct .\" It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems. \n Answer: We become stronger by facing and solving problems of life.",
            "output": [
                "Which sentence best express the central point of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a409698940e4497cb458554b52e85894",
            "input": "Article: The main cause of a heart attack is not exercise or stress -- it's air pollution, according to a study published in The Lancetthis month. Researchers found spending time in traffic, whether as a driver or a pedestrian , tops the list of risk factors that bring on a heart attack. Jon Ayres, professor of environmental and respiratory  medicine at the University of Birmingham, says, \"Air pollution is not only linked to strokes, heart attacks and cancer -- it has a deep effect on those with existing respiratory conditions.\" So how can you avoid the damage? We asked the experts for their tips. TAKE TO THE SIDE STREETS Avoid main roads. These have the highest number of vehicles and also more traffic jams, which tend to run on diesel . Diesel engines emit  tiny particles  that reach the lungs most easily. Choose side streets, pavements, parks and avenues lined with trees.  BUY SOME HOUSEPLANTS We spend 90 percent of our time inside, but studies by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have found that pollution levels can be two to five times higher indoors than outside. Objects such as synthetic  carpets, TV screens can emit chemicals called volatile organic compounds (VOC,), which have been linked to diseases such as cancer. Researchers at Curtin University in Perth,  Australia, found an increase in asthma  risk among children under three who    had high VOC levels in their homes. Therefore, the application of air fresheners and houseplants can keep the circulation of the air and absorb the pollutants. \n Answer: Main streets.",
            "output": [
                "For people's health, which of the following should NOT be chosen, according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-530139d002294f3bb00a176caa17999c",
            "input": "Article: It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore. Needless to say, it was too hot to do anything outside. But it was also scorching in our apartment. This was 1962, and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years. So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors. He suggested we could see a movie. It was a brilliant plan. Movie theaters were one of the few places you could sit all day and--most important --sit in air conditioning. In those days, you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies. Then, the theater would show the same two movies again. If you wanted to, you could sit through them twice. Most people did not do that, but the manager at our theater. Mr. Bellow did not mind if you did. That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat. We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each. Then, we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. We'd already seen the second movie once before. _ had been at the theater since January, because Mr. Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it. We left the theater around 8, just before the evening shows began. But we returned the next day and saw the same two movies again, twice more. And we did it the next day too. Finally, on the fourth day, the heat wave broke. Still, to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewart's dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance! Those memories are some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962. They're really memories of the screen, not memories of my life. \n Answer: 1982",
            "output": [
                "In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e488a97421046eeb1cb66af7df70b95",
            "input": "Article: Dear Maya Shao-ming, To me, June 6, 1990 is a special day. My long-awaited dream came true the minute your father cried, \"A girl!\" You are more than just a second child, more than just a girl to match our boy. You, little daughter, are the link to our female line, the legacy of another woman's pain and sacrifice 31 years ago. Let me tell you about your Chinese grandmother. Somewhere in Hong Kong, in the late fifties, a young waitress found herself pregnant   by a cook, probably a co-worker at her restaurant. She carried the baby to term, suffered to give it birth, and kept the little girl for the first three months of her life. I like to think that my mother--your grandmother--loved me and fought to raise me on her own, but that the daily struggle was too hard. Worn down by the demands of the new baby and perhaps the constant threat of starvation, she made the painful decision to give away her girl so that both of us might have a chance for a better life. More likely, I was dropped at the orphanage (M JLR) steps or somewhere else. I will probably never know the truth. Having a baby in her unmarried state would have brought shame on the family in China, so she probably kept my existence a secret. Once I was out of her life, it was as if I had never been born. And so you and your brother and I are the missing leaves on a family tree. Do they ever wonder if we exist? Before I was two, I was adopted by an Anglo couple. Fed three square meals a day, I grew like a wild weed and grasped all the opportunities they had to offer--books, music, education, church life and community activities. In a family of blue-eyed blonds, though, _ . Whether from jealousy or fear of someone who looked so different, my older brothers sometimes teased me about my unpleasing skin, or made fun of my clumsy walk. Moody and impatient, burdened by fears that none of us realized resulted from my early years of need, I was not an easy child to love. My mother and I conflicted countless times over the years, but gradually came to see one another as real human beings with faults and talents, and as women of strength in our own right. Lacking a mirror image in the mother who raised me, I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own. The Asian American community has helped me regain my double identity. But part of me will always be missing: my beginnings, my personal history, all the delicate details that give a person her origin. Nevertheless, someone gave me a lucky name \"Siu Wai.\" \"Siu\" means \"little,\" and \"Wai means \"clever.\" Therefore, my baby name was \"Clever little one.\" Who chose those words? Who cared enough to note my arrival in the world? I lost my Chinese name for 18 years. It was Americanized for convenience to \"Sue.\" But like an ill-fitting coat, it made me uncomfortable. I hated the name. But even more, I hated being Chinese. It took many years to become proud of my Asian origin and work up the courage to take back my birth-name. That, plus a little knowledge of classroom Cantonese, is all the Chinese culture I have to offer you. Not white, certainly, but not really Asian, I try to pave  the way between the two worlds and bridge the gap for you. Your name, \"Shao-ming,\" is very much like mine--\"Shao\" means \"little.\" And \"ming\" is \"bright,\" as in a shining sun or moon. Whose lives will you brighten, little Maya? Your past is more complete than mine, and each day I cradle you in your babyhood, generously giving you the loving care I lacked for my first two years. When I pat you, I comfort the lost baby inside me who still cries for her mother. Sweet Maya, it doesn't matter what you \"become\" later on. You have already fulfilled my wildest dreams. I love you, Mommy \n Answer: Her female line was well linked.",
            "output": [
                "Why is June 6. 1990 a special day for Mommy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-072afa69dddb46e791fd7cf6abd70900",
            "input": "Article: Xinhua Sept.25,2008 JIUQUAN, Gansu---China launched successfully its third manned spacecraft on Thursday with three astronauts on board to attempt the country's first-ever space walk. The spaceship Shenzhou VII blasted off  on a Long March II-F carrier rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the northwestern Gansu Province at 9:10pm.after a breathtaking countdown to another milestone on China's space journey. On board pilots Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng are expected to orbit the earth for three days, when one of them will float out of the cabin about 343 kilometers above the earth. When they make it, China will become the third country in the world who is able to conduct extravehicular activity (EVA) in space following the former Soviet Union and the United States. President Hu Jintao watched the historic moment at the launch center, joined by Chinese experts and other work staff. Hu briefly met the trio astronauts before they entered the spacecraft Thursday afternoon, wishing them \"a complete success in this glorious and sacred mission\". \"During the mission, you will carry out China's EVA with homemade EVA space suit, which is a great leap for China's space technology.\" said Hu. Other tasks of the Shenzhou VII crew include the release of a small monitoring satellite and a trial of the data relay of the satellite Tianlian-I. If successful, the mission would be of great significance to the country's future plans to build a space lab and a space station, said ZhangJianqi, deputy chief commander of the manned space project. \n Answer: Science and Technology.",
            "output": [
                "In which section would the passage be seen in a newspaper?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-61f458b434d041e5946dbebf67a0405a",
            "input": "Article: Driving home from work one evening in the heavy rain, I found a very wet, injured cat on the side of the road. He looked up at me, meowing pitifully. A car must have hit it so it wasn't able to move. I stopped my car and carried the cat in and went on driving. At the nearest vet clinic, the vet gently examined it. \"He's about eight months old and has two broken legs, but I would need X-rays to know how serious the damage is,\" he told me. \"As he's not your cat, I don't know if you want to go ahead with this. It could be rather expensive.\" I knew it would cost me hundreds of dollars, but I agreed with his advice. The following morning the vet rang to say the X-rays confirmed two bad breaks in his legs. \"I'll operate on his legs and put metal pins in them to keep them fixed.\" he told me. That afternoon I went to pick up my little friend. There I could hardly recognize him. His previously dirty fur was now a beautiful silver grey. His front legs were in two casts and he lay there looking at me, purring  happily. I thanked the doctor and went out to pay the bill. \"I think you've given me the wrong account,\" I said to the clerk. \"This is only $85. He's had X-rays and an operation on his legs.\" \"No, that's right,\" she replied. \"The vet has only charged you for the medication. There's a message on the bottom.\" Written under the total were the words \"SPECIAL RATE FOR ADOPTIONS.\" I was speechless at his kind and generous gesture. I paid the account and under his message I wrote \"WITH GRATEFUL THANKS, CAT AND MUM.\" \n Answer: The examination was too expensive for the author to afford.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the vet give the cat X-rays immediately?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2716d514c528496e92ba2e365609a83b",
            "input": "Article: Dear daughter, You are a wonderful person and your mother and I think the world of you. It will not be long before you leave home to make your way in the world. Can I please give you some friendly advice? Here are some things that you should never do. 1. Never Look Down Upon Yourself. You are great and able to achieve great things so believe in yourself. When things go badly, never stop believing. Some girls get upset, blame themselves and lose self-esteem. All kinds of problems can follow. 2. Never Get Obsessed With Your Appearance. We think you look great (though some of the clothes you wear worry us!). Please be happy with the person ,you are and the body you have. Eat reasonably, take exercise and be healthy. Some girls show too much concern about losing weight or getting the perfect shape. You look fine. 3. Never Compromise Your Personal Safety.  _ . This means that you cannot trust people until you really know them and that sometimes you have to avoid things that look like they might be fun. Never get drunk or take drugs. Unluckily there are some bad people out there and it is best not to take risks. 4. Never Give Less Than Your Best. We are very proud of what you have achieved so far. You should be proud too. Keep doing well. Keep trying your hardest at everything you do. No one can ask for more than that. 5. Never Forget That Your Parents Love You. Whatever happens in life, your family will still be your family. Whatever difficulties you meet with, you can always talk to us and we will try to help. We are here for you. \n Answer: To give her some advice.",
            "output": [
                "Why has the father written the letter to his daughter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4bc7ee31026f43eabdbdba860a27c594",
            "input": "Article: Five people are at our table, including myself. I've already learnt a great deal about them in the short time we've been at sea, although we rarely meet except at mealtimes. First of all, there is Dr. Stone. He is a man of about sixty-five, with gray hair and a friendly face. He gave up his work a short while ago and is now traveling round the world before he retires to some quite country village. As a young man, he served for many years as a doctor in the army and visited many countries. He's told us a great deal about the city to which they are going. Then there is \"Grandmother\". I call her that because her name escapes me. In spite of being a grandmother, she looks remarkable young, no more than fifty. She is on her way to visit a daughter who went to Australia some years ago. Naturally she is very excited at the thought of seeing her again, and her three grandchildren, whom she has never seen. Then there is a man I don't care for very much, the engineer by the name of Barlow. He has been _ in England and is now returning to his work in Singapore. The other person who sits at our table is Mrs. Hunt. I've found out hardly anything about her. She's extremely quiet and rarely talks, except to consult the doctor about children's various illnesses. She is on her way to join her husband in India. \n Answer: He knows a lot about the city the author is going to visit.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about Mr. Stone?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7f8abb06484a4499a9e790d1fa03b847",
            "input": "Article: OK, I admit it: emoticons are popular. Some people even think they are fun. Many seem unable to get through an e-mail or Instant Message chat sentence without using one. Some feel that they add feeling and character to otherwise cold digital communications. Some people, such as a Hollywood scriptwriter John Blumenthal, however, _ the use of emoticons as \"infantile just like the people who use them\". He believes that words themselves should be enough. \"If you're funny, happy or sad, that should be apparent from the comment that goes before the emoticons,\" he argues. In the eyes of Blumenthal, the use of emoticons is a gender issue. \"Men don't use emoticons very much. Maybe not at all,\" he said, \"Teenage girls and women seem to use them a lot. Maybe there's an emoticon gene.\" It's an interesting opinion, but it is not shared by all. In an interview with The New York Times, Dacher Keltner, professor of psychology at the University of California, said that emoticons are popular because our brains are programmed \"to seek out representations of humanity\". He believes that they are popular not because they are shortcuts for the lazy, but because they bring in something beyond language. They satisfy our needs to be with and communicate with people. All of these arguments may be somehow right. Each one of us will choose to communicate in our own way. I tried to use one once and felt like I was stealing into a primary school class that I had no place being in. I'd rather let my words do the talking. Friends, however, send me messages and e-mails full of emoticons. I have no problem with this. I don't regard any of my friends as lazy or immature. It's just a question of individuality. \n Answer: It's enough to use language in digital communication.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following views would John Blumenthal agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-74e9e81a81d549b6bf18c7b0159cfff8",
            "input": "Article: Shake Shack is a new kind of restaurant becoming more popular in the U S.The restaurants are not\"fast food.\"They are known as\"fast casual.\" Observers say Americans want more choices and fresh food when choosing where and what to eat.This trend is one reason why the fast food restaurant McDonald's has struggled  financially.In the last quarter of 2014,McDonald's net income dropped by about$300 million.The January earnings report brought more bad news.Worldwide sales dropped for the eighth month in a row and even more than expected.While McDonald's is struggling to get their customers back,Shake Shack,is doing well in making money.The New York-based burger chain had a very successful IPO,or initial public offering,of shares at the end of January.On its first day of trading,Shake Shack went from$21 a share to just under$46 a share.Being part of the\"fast casual\"trend has helped Shake Shack.Other fast casual restaurants in the U.S.include Chipotle and Panera. Bonnie Riggs,a restaurant expert with NPD has studied Americans'restaurant habits for almost 30 years.She says one reason why Americans like fast casual food is that it's new.It is creative,it is something different and people like to try new things.Her study shows Americans made 61 billion visits to restaurants last year.Three out of four visits were to fast food restaurants,like McDonald's.Fast casual is still a small percentage of restaurant visits,but it has developed fast.Just as Ms.Riggs says,\"It's growing by _ ,because they meet consumers'needs.They know it's being prepared while they wait,it's fresh,quality food,good tasting food at what they say are reasonable and affordable prices.\" Many Americans still like their fast food.They just are not going as often.They are finding other ways to have a meal. \n Answer: Its sales and income have dropped.",
            "output": [
                "What is the trouble with McDonald's?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-beb6983260884af3a6ab45dad5fa59a3",
            "input": "Article: On Friday, June 20th, 29 dogs along with their owners came to Santa Rosa, California. They came there to take part in an unusual competition--one that seeks out and honors the World's Ugliest Dog. Now in its 26th year, the competition is one of the biggest attractions at the annual Sonoma County Fair. Among the leading competitors were Cupcake, who was adopted   from a local dog rescue center in January and Shorty, who would have been put to sleep if its owner, Jason, wasn't kind enough to pick it up. Also competing was 11-year-old veteran Grovie. Described by his owner as short and funny, the Chinese pug is a local resident who has taken part in this contest several times. Then there was 2002 \"World's Ugliest Dog\" and \"Ring of Champions\" winner, Rascal. The 7lbs naturally hairless dog with very few teeth comes from an impressive background  . His grandfather, Chi Chi, holds the Guinness World Record for winning the title \"World's Ugliest Dog\" seven times! But all these impressively \"ugly\" dogs had no chance against Peanut. The two-year-old dog was badly burnt in a fire which caused him to lose his lips, most of his body hair and eyelids. Besides winning the title, $1,500 USD in cash and a large trophy  , the first time winner also enjoyed an all-expenses-paid trip to New York City where he made scheduled appearances on the Today Show and the Jimmy Kimmel Show. The competition is a great way to honor these dogs, many of whom get their unusual looks because of human abuse  . But most importantly, it raises awareness about their adoption by showing the world that ugliness does not prevent dogs from becoming very loving pets. \n Answer: The dogs that look very ugly.",
            "output": [
                "Who play the biggest role in the competition mentioned in Para. 1?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1f145d9a52d74dfe8e22a16579b60d4e",
            "input": "Article: Everyone who has eaten instant noodles  before knows how it looks like. It is very easy to cook it instantly by putting the noodles into the boiling water and add in those MSG packets, together with your other ingredients  like eggs or vegetables. However, have you ever wondered whether this is the correct way of cooking it? When you first took out the noodles from the packaging, you will notice that the noodles are joined together nicely as a piece. In order to make the noodles joined together nicely side by side, it needs some form of wax coating   to achieve an attractive instant noodles in front of us. Many people who enjoy eating instant noodles frequently do not really bother too much of it, as it seems very normal to everyone to have it nicely displayed in front of us. However, researches have shown that the layer of wax coating on the noodles is quite harmful to our body and we should not eat it too frequently. It is advisable to have a break of 2-3 days before we start to eat another packet of instant noodles as our body need about 3 days to clear that layer of wax coating away from our body system. Do you know the danger of having too much wax coating stored in our stomach? It will lead to CANCER if it is stored in our body system for a long period of time. There are 2 keys points to take note while preparing instant noodles: 1) Wash the instant noodles with warm water first, stir it and pour away the water containing the wax coating. 2) Repeat Step 1 and try to stir the noodles again to wash away the wax coating on the noodles before cooking it in a new pot of water. Hope this article will let more people have self-awareness  of the hidden danger of instant noodles and thus eat safely and stay healthy. \n Answer: to tell us how to eat instant noodles safely and healthily.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the writer to write the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3017850273c64c7c8fac76517bfbe743",
            "input": "Article: Motorists over the age of 75 face compulsory tests of their eyesight and ability to drive under proposals being considered by ministers. The biggest _ of motoring law in a generation could also lead to all drivers having to give assurances of their fitness to get behind the wheel every 10 years. Other changes under consideration include issuing daylight driving licenses for motorists with night blindness, together with stricter checks on all drivers whose medical condition brought a threat to other road users. It is understood that the proposals will be part of a review of the law governing the medical fitness of drivers that will be announced publicly by the summer. The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency is dealing with a rising number of motorists who are concerned that they have conditions---from failing eyesight to epilepsy---that could affect their driving. In 2006, the DVLA dealt with 600,000 motorists whose physical ability to drive needed to be recertified , a 20 per cent rise on the previous year. With an ageing population, the biggest challenge is dealing with the rising number of elderly motorists. By 2021, there will be an estimated three million drivers over the age of 70 on Britain's roads. Drivers must renew their licenses at the age of 70 and every three years thereafter. The applicant is legally required to tell the DVLA of any conditions that could weaken their ability behind the wheel. Ministers have ruled out a compulsory maximum age for driving but will instead rely on tightening up the checks on motorists over the age of 75. The most likely option would be tests to ensure motorists were fit to drive. They would include an eyesight test and a cognitive  test that would prove a driver's ability to react to road signs, driving conditions, pedestrians and vehicles. However, checks are likely to be tightened at all ages. The strictest controls are expected to be imposed  on motorists of any age who have had a heart attack or stroke. They could have to produce a doctor's approval to resume driving. Anyone making a false declaration would be guilty of a criminal offence. \n Answer: Drivers at all ages will be expected to provide their medical condition.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-53992a4f8e174c468ad02ee81bdae9c3",
            "input": "Article: Mei Lun and Mei Huan have been the first giant twin pandas born in the US since 1987.  The names of these twin male giant panda cubs  were announced at Atlanta Zoo last year. Lun Lun, a 15-year-old giant panda, gave birth to the cubs on July 15, 2013. Zoo officials followed Chinese custom and named the brothers after waiting 100 days. Until then, they were simply known as \"Cub A\" and \" Cub B\".     Mei Lun and Mei Huan are the first twin panda cubs to survive in the Unite States. \"We're delighted to finally be able to place two youngsters with names. They have not only made a mark on the history of Atlanta Zoo, but also have made history in the US,\" Raymond B. King , the zoo's president and CEO, said in a statement. Atlanta Zoo teamed up with Good Morning America that month to put the pandas' names to a public vote. China's Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding provided the choices of names. In just 13 days, 51,000 votes poured in on the show's website.     Under a deal between China and the US, giant pandas originally from China are only lent to foreign zoos for scientific study for several years. Zookeepers at Atlanta Zoo are giving regular updates on the twins' progress in an online blog. Mei Lun and Mei Huan are the fourth and fifth offspring  of Lun Lun and a male giant panda named Yang Yang. The pandas made their first public appearance in a US exhibit last fall. For the three months before their appearance, the online world had watched the twins grow strong and healthy. \"We share this joy with our colleagues  in China and with the cub's fans around the world,\" King said. \n Answer: The US decided their names.",
            "output": [
                "How did the twins get their names?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b5427d1f5df34c12946440bd385b1a69",
            "input": "Article: Jenny, I often think if I am as important to you as you are to me. We had an unhappy time yesterday. I really felt sad after it and almost apologized   to you. However,you could still laugh and talk with others like nothing had happened. I suddenly realized that I was not that important to you. You didn't even realize that I was angry and sad. What's more,you even forgot my birthday this year. Goodbye,my friend. I have closed my feeling toward you. It is sad to say goodbye,my friend. But it is meaningless for us to be friends any longer. Lucy Dear Lucy, I'm sorry that I hurt you so much yesterday. But here is something I really need to tell you. I never thought the quarrel we had yesterday was as serious as you thought. I just felt tired and didn't feel like going shopping. Susan and Lily are also my good friends. I couldn't pretend   not seeing them when they passed by. I also couldn't let them know I was blue because of the quarrel. I didn't want them to feel sad just because I was sad. I'm your best friend,but I don't want to be your only friend. I don't want to be with you all the time because sometimes I need to have my own time. I want to spend some time with my other friends and my brother. Please try to make more friends. You will feel much happier if you have more friends. And remember,I'm your best friend forever! Jenny \n Answer: To tell Jenny she doesn't want to be friends with her any longer.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of Lucy's letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e66310bce60e46d39f149081cc386930",
            "input": "Article: One of the most recent social changes taking place in the world is social networking. Social networking has been in existence for at least 150 years, and probably longer than that. In the times before the invention of the computer and the World Wide Web (WWW), social networking was done in person. People who had similar likes and interests would gather together to share experiences, make new friends, and improve their businesses. On the Internet, social networking websites made their first appearances during the late 1990s. The first major social networking website in the United States was MySpace. MySpace allowed its users to exchange messages, share pictures, and make new friends in a way that was never thought of in the past. With MySpace, people who did not go out much could reach out to others from their own homes. In 2004, Facebook was created. It was first a website created for use by Harvard University's students and teachers, but it soon expanded to include just about everyone. It is now larger than some of the largest companies in the world. It is a website that is changing all the time. Facebook has completely changed the way people stay connected with each other and the rest of the world. The way it works is simple. Users can set up a new account   easily. All a new user needs is an email address to start. Once a person has created an account and his friend also has his own Facebook page, he can invite his friend by sending a request out to him. Once you get started, making new friends will come easily. \n Answer: It is not a new development.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about social networking?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-105ad7489a0e4af8ac0bac2d0e403675",
            "input": "Article: The West is full of fast food and large amounts of food which contribute to many women's being fat. While many are fat, thin women are admired and seen as healthier. This has led to a culture of gym-going, strange dieting methods and, frequently, eating disorders. In the East, women tend to be smaller and many women take pills to keep their slim figures as they get older. However, you're mistaken if you think thinness is the beauty standard all over the world. The BBC reports that in Mauritania, Africa, the opposite is true. In Mauritania, mothers force their daughters to eat a lot of food so that they get as fat as possible. The fatter they are, the more likely they are to marry well. Fat is also considered healthy, because in a country where HIV/AIDS is a very real problem, thin people are often sick and dying. However, \"healthy\" fat women are suffering from some problems of their own and many are dying in their 40s of weight-related diseases. The Mauritanian government is trying to warn its people of the dangers of being overweight but it's not easy to change cultural views. Many women worry that if they lose weight, their husbands will leave them for fatter, more attractive women.               It seems that while education about the dangers of being too thin and too fat is very important, what the world really needs is to become less pre-occupied with the size, shape and weight of women's bodies. The promotion of healthy practices is easy but changing cultural beauty standards takes more time, imagination and effort. \n Answer: Large food portions and fast food are common.",
            "output": [
                "According to the article, why are women usually fatter in the West?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c1447ea7633147ee8b28864b8d5566a2",
            "input": "Article: Road congestion costs drivers billions of dollars every year due to wasted gas and time.In addition, traffic on roads results in increased engine idling and unnecessary emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.Some of the major reasons for road congestion are narrow streets, accidents, parking on roads due to shortage of parking facilities, avoidance of public transportation and more private vehicles.Traffic congestion can have stressful effects on commuters , the economy and the environment. Are there any solutions? Use public transportation, such as trains, trams, buses and taxis. These modes of transport carry a large number of people at one time and greatly reduce the number of cars on the road.Moreover, it will save you from driving stress, save time and help the environment. If you have an empty seat in your car, consider car pooling by finding other people who might be headed to a destination near yours. This will not only help reduce traffic congestion, but also journey expenses.In addition, it will decrease driving stress as each person would get a break from driving.This is also environmentally friendly and a sustainable way to travel as it would reduce carbon. emissions. By raising gasoline taxes, the government would have extra funds to construct highways, subways and alternative roads. Moreover, it will also reduce congestion as commuters would find it cheaper to use other modes such as carpools and public transportation. Introduction of road toll would also help reduce congestion.Road tolls requires commuters to pay a fee for using the particular road. This will encourage commuters to use other modes where they would not have to pay this fee every day. While commuting, keep your radio on so that you can stay informed about all live traffic updates aired.Avoid using roads that are already congested due to accidents or other reasons.This will help reduce congestion to some extent. \n Answer: Methods of reducing traffic congestion",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-22ab81f2d1624a5fb78a46aff1732bbd",
            "input": "Article: I believe in leaving work at five o'clock. In a nation with such a strict work ethic  , this is considered strange. Working only 40 hours a week? I just don't know many people who punch out   at five o'clock anymore. My father tried to teach me the importance of hard work, long hours and devotion to a career. But then there are the things he taught me unintentionally, like when he arrived home from work for the last time and crawled up the stairs. My father, a self-employed sales trainer, was that sick, that tired. His body was wracked with liver cancer, and he suffered the effects of a diabetic ulcer . Despite all this, he insisted on traveling a long way to give a lecture. He probably earned a lot of money that day, but he paid the price. He returned to the hospital soon afterwards and was dead within three months, aged just 58. It's been 10 years since I saw my father come home that night and since then, I've thought a lot about work. I've decided something: I will never crawl up the stairs exhausted. As much as I love my job as a newspaper reporter, I will never work myself into the ground, physically or emotionally. _ After all, I am my father's daughter. In college, I was the girl who sat on the library steps each morning, waiting for the doors to open. I even dreamt about schoolwork. My dad once told me he was unable to just gaze at a sunset; he had to be doing something as he looked at it--writing, reading, playing chess. You could say he was a success: He was a published author, an accomplished musician, fluent in many languages. That's an impressive list, but the thing is I want to gaze at sunsets. I don't want to meet a deadline during them or be writing a column at the same time, or glance at them over the top of a book. This raises the question: If I leave work at five o' clock to watch the sunset, what are the consequences? Do I risk not reaching the top of my profession? Maybe, because honestly, knocking off after eight hours probably won't earn me the best promotion. But hey, leaving work at five o' clock means I eat dinner with my family. I get to hop on my bike and cycle through the streets of my hometown when there is no traffic. And I get to take in a lot of sunsets. That's got to be worth something. \n Answer: He achieved great success at the expense of his health.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about the author's father is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-56615a73ae0242e28174c328456bcd8d",
            "input": "Article: American colleges and universities consider a number of things about a student who wants to be admitted. Experts say the most important thing is the students' high school record. Besides, student's interests and activities may also play a part in getting accepted. But in most cases another consideration is how well the student did on college entrance exams. Here we'd like to discuss two of these tests: the SAT and the ACT. Most American schools accept either one. The SAT measures reasoning skills in mathematics and language. Students have almost four hours to complete the SAT. The newest part is an essay. Students have twenty-five minutes to write an answer to a question. The SAT costs 41.5$. Besides, the international processing charge is 22$ more. And test-takers in India and Pakistan must also pay a 21.5 $ security charge. Students may also need to take SAT subject tests in areas like history, science and foreign language. Subject tests cost eighteen dollars each. The ACT is an achievement test. It is designed to measure what a student has learned in school. Students are tested in mathematics, English, reading and science. A writing test is offered but not required. Without it, the ACT takes about three hours to complete. The essay part adds thirty minutes. The ACT costs forty-nine dollars to take outside the United States. The writing test costs an additional fourteen dollars. \n Answer: High school record",
            "output": [
                "What's most important in students' admission to American colleges and universities?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a13f8cbf2873478ca74d3a6131a56b8e",
            "input": "Article: Being green is everywhere these days, whether it is in the school, factory or anywhere on the Internet. This is because our planet is in danger, losing resources, polluting resources and destroying ecosystems . Different species are dying because we can't take care of our home. Now ask yourself why you don't want a green healthier lifestyle and to save animals. Keep _ in mind as you read on. There are many ways to be green, first of all, everyone should recycle; it's something easy and helps our planet in many ways. All you'd have to do is put recycling in recycling and garbage in garbage. Another popular thing is to try your best not to drive a car. Sometimes you can just walk, bike, or take a subway. This ensures that our air won't be polluted, which in turn helps our lungs and everything else on our planet. Next thing is saving energy. We can do this by not using too much heat or air conditioning in summer or winter. It's not preferable because it's hard, but you can try and put your washing machine on cold whenever possible and try to keep electronics out of the rubbish. What's more, remember to stop drinking from plastic bottles because plastic can only be used once and if used many times, it will become unhealthy. So you'd better use a glass or buy a reusable water bottle. The last and most important thing is, spread this news to the world and tell them what's happening in our world. I've only listed a small part of the endless possibilities to save this world. The least you can do is do the simple ones. \n Answer: Five.",
            "output": [
                "How many ways to be green are mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-37d98a788ce84ac68603de517d1a9194",
            "input": "Article: Taxpayers  in America pay less in income tax than many Europeans, according to a Pew Research Center report. Belgium has the highest income tax rate, at nearly 56 percent of income, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD. Taxpayers in the U.S. pay less than 36 percent of their incomes into the national treasury. Taxes pay for services provided by the government. The U.S. ranks 25 of the 34 developed countries polled in the report. An unmarried person with no children was used as an example in the report. In America, an unmarried person, with no children, making the average wage of $50,000 in 2014 paid 24.8 percent of their income in federal   income tax and payroll taxes  . A similar person living in Belgium would pay 42.3 percent of their income. The average among the 39 countries in the poll was 27.3 percent income tax. The deadline to pay taxes in America is usually April 15. This year, the deadline is April 18. American taxpayers complain that wealthy people and large companies pay too little tax, according to a Pew Research Center poll from 2015. Americans pay tax to fund programs like Social Security and Medicaid, according to the Pew Research Center. Last year, American taxes paid for $888 billion in Social Security benefits. Social Security pays the elderly an income after they stop working. The government also paid more than $546 billion in Medicaid and Medicare benefits. Those programs pay for health and medical care to people who cannot afford it, according to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. \n Answer: No countries in the world have a higher income tax than that in Belgium.",
            "output": [
                "According to the article, which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6581a6639f844035ba739a29f13bbd0d",
            "input": "Article: Like lots of other girls and boys,when Lisa Cao was a kid,she used to watch the Olympics. \"I always wanted to be good at sport and I found athletic potential in my body\", the New York City citizen tells her friends. But there was no sport available so she took up piano lessons. Then,at the age of 15,she decided to drop the lessons and put her athletic potential to the test with running. At age 18,Lisa Cao ran her first-ever marathon in New York City. And now,the 27-year-old  has 54 marathons (26. miles) and ultramarathons (100miles) under her belt. What does it take to be an ultramarathoner? A lot of devotion,even when difficulties occur sometimes. \"Making time for running is really hard when life is so busy,\" she says. \"There's a big work-life balance that I have to keep. I have to wake up earlier on the weekends. And oh,the potential for excuses! With NYC's wild winters as of late,it's easy to blame the weather,roll over in bed and put off a solid run. I have a fix for this,though,\" she says. \"Cute clothes. With the horrible weather, I bought cute clothes as motivation to run and actually wear them. \" While she's training during low season in the winter,Lisa Cao tries to run a \"base\" of 20 to 30 miles per week to stay prepared. During high season in the spring and summer,she'll run around 30 to 40 miles,but she also gets a lot of quality miles from her races. \n Answer: Nine years after she dropped her piano lessons.",
            "output": [
                "When did Lisa Cao run her first marathon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-17e4d62f14c54ac3849d2b07f107a6a9",
            "input": "Article: COLUMBIA, S.C. (AP) -- A group of black parents and civil rights activists presented a petition  Thursday calling for officials to drop charges against a 16-year-old South Carolina high school student who was videotaped being dragged from her desk and thrown to the floor by a police officer in her classroom. The group said it was unfair and unacceptable that the student and her 18-year-old classmate at Spring Valley High School who taped the incident were the only people charged that day when authorities already knew Richland County Deputy Ben Fields had tossed the girl from her desk to the ground. They also said their petition had hundreds of thousands of names from around the country asking prosecutor Dan Johnson to drop the \"disturbing schools\" charges against the teens. The students in the case are black; Fields is white. Johnson issued a statement Wednesday saying he won't do anything with the case until the FBI finishes its investigation into Fields, who was fired after the video became public. \"I do not simply decide cases based upon feelings, public opinion or sentiment, nor do I decide them based on political pressure,\" Johnson said in the statement. Disturbing schools is punishable by a fine of up to $1,000 or 90 days in jail. The students' lawyer did not respond to telephone messages. The video spread quickly across the country, prompting questions about when police officers should get involved with classroom discipline. Fields was called to the classroom after the student refused to stop using her cellphone, and then she would not leave the classroom for a teacher or administrator. In the days after the incident, the teacher turned her class over to a substitute and the administrator was placed on leave. Richland two officials didn't respond to an email asking about their current status. The students were allowed back in school. Organizers of the protest said they plan to be at South Carolina's Statehouse next year, calling for legislators to change the law that allows police officers to arrest students for misbehaving at schools. Richland County Sheriff Leon Lott blamed that law for escalating the situation. \"Let's find a way where we don't saddle students with arrest records,\" said EfiaNwangaza from the Malcom X Center for Self Determination. \"Let's get ahead of the schoolhouse-to-jailhouse train in South Carolina.\" \n Answer: Fighting with the police officer",
            "output": [
                "What are the teens charged with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae5431e1a1c44e129a2784aaa2f2e690",
            "input": "Article: Keving Rogers used to be my boss.At that time he always told us to sell more.As soon as I could,I left his shop and got a new job in another place.The last time I saw Rogers was more than ten years ago.At least that's what I thought.But now I am not so sure. I was on my way to my office in the centre of town.There is a small park nearby,which I sometimes walk through after lunch.The park was almost empty except for a shabby-looking man on one of those benches .The man looked about fifty years old and was wearing an old gray coat.It was cold and windy,and he was trembling . \"It's a long time since I had a meal.Can you help me?\"he said.There was something about his voice that sounded familiar.I gave him a few pennies.As he went past me I looked at his face closely.I wondered where I had seen him before.Then it suddenly came to me.Could it possibly be...? No!Impossible,I thought.I watched him walking away.He was the same height as Rogers but looked a lot thinner than I remembered. Yesterday I ran into someone who had worked for Rogers at the same time as I did,and had stayed on longer.I started telling him about the man I had seen in the park.\"For a moment I thought it was our old boss.But it couldn't have been.Rogers must be the head of a company now.\"I said. My ex-workmate shook his head,\"I thought you knew.\" \"Knew?Knew what?What are you talking about?\" \"Rogers was sent to prison six years ago.He's probably been out by now.For all I know he is sleeping on park benches and begging money from passers-by.\" \n Answer: In a small park.",
            "output": [
                "Where did the writer last meet Rogers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ceda6ada4aa44eadba5c8528404706ed",
            "input": "Article: On the wall in my mother's bedroom there was a photo, which showed a soldier with a gun. Below the photo was the word \"Speaking\". \"Who's that soldier called Speaking?\" I asked one day. \"He was Harold.\" She said. \"He was my only brother. When the Second World War began, Harold was eighteen. I was twelve then, and my sisters were ten and nine\". \"Harold liked to play with us, and we often quarreled. When we quarreled, we said:We're not speaking to you. But before long we were all happy again, and then we said: I'm speaking now. Are you speaking to me?\" \"When the war broke out, Harold joined the army. A month later, he came to see us. He brought the gun to show us. Then he went miles away to the war. We didn't see him for three years, three long, empty years. We didn't often hear from him. But one day in May there was a loud bang on the front door...\" \"I ran to open it. It was Harold! He was an old Harold, a thinner Harold. He looked at me with his two green eyes and smiled. That smile was just the same as before, then he said one word: 'speaking'\". \"I didn't...I couldn't...answer. I just fell into his arms and he dropped his gun. He stayed with us for a month. We played all our old games again. Then he went back to the war, and never came back again. So I wrote the word on the photo.\" \n Answer: Twenty-one.",
            "output": [
                "How old was the storyteller when Harold came back for the last time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-41e0b25cb24b4361af13b8d7c74c9845",
            "input": "Article: People who are outdoors in cold weather should avoid actions like suddenly lifting a heavy basket full of snow. Even walking through heavy, wet snow can a person's heart. Many people aren't conditioned to the physical stress of outdoor activities and don't know the dangers of being outdoors in cold weather. Those who like winter sports can suffer accidental hypothermia if they don't make certain preparations. Hypothermia means the body temperature has fallen below normal. It occurs when your body can't produce enough energy to keep the internal   body temperature warm enough. It can kill you. Heart failure causes most deaths in hypothermia. Children, the elderly and those with heart disease are at special risk. As people age, their ability to keep a normal internal body temperature often decreases. Elderly people can suffer hypothermia without knowing they're in danger because they can't notice the cold conditions as quickly as the young. Besides cold temperatures, high winds, snow and rain can also steal body heat. Wind is especially dangerous because it removes the layer of heated air from around your body. At 30 degrees Fahrenheit in a 20-mile-per-hour wind, the cooling effect is equal to calm air at four degrees. Similarly dampness   causes the body to lose heat faster than it would at the same temperature in drier conditions. To keep warm, wear more clothes. This traps air between layers. Also, wear a hat or head scarf. Much of your body's heat can be lost through your head. Keep your hands and feet warm, too, as they tend to lose heat rapidly. Don't drink alcohol before going outdoors or when outside. Alcohol makes you feel warm at first because blood vessels in the skin expand. But heat is then drawn away from the body's important organs. \n Answer: It can threaten a person's life.",
            "output": [
                "What is implied in the passage about hypothermia?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-20fa396782c54883b55c1891a5bb1306",
            "input": "Article: iPhone 6, which many people have been thirsty for, will be unveiled  on September 9. It could go on sale to the public from Friday, September 19. Apple has launched a new iPhone every year since it unveiled the range in 2007, selling more than 500 million units since then, and has traditionally launched key products in September. The iPhone 6, Apple's ninth iPhone model, is expected to be released in two different sizes:4.7-inches and 5.5-inches. The smaller of the two will be available first. Like iPhone5, the new model will come in silver , gold and space grey. The iPhone 6 will be powered by new operating system iOS 8. Through iOS8, users will be able to monitor  their health and fitness via HealthKit. HealthKit puts together numerous healthcare and fitness apps, such as blood pressure and heart rate monitors through partners including Nike, and allows them to communicate with each other. Users will be able to control home appliances and other connected devices through HomeKit, Apple's connected home framework. Similar to HealthKit, this app will organize your smart devices to control them in one place. One method of control will be via Siri-for example, you could tell Siri you were \"going to bed\", and it could dim the lights, lock your doors, close the garage door and set the room temperature. With the introduction of both of these key features, it's likely the iPhone 6 will take on even more of a lifestyle device role. It is designed to organize our lives and make everyday tasks easier and more efficiently completed. Suppliers are believed to be preparing to produce up to 80m of the new handsets by the end of December, according to the Wall Street Journal. In July, Apple announced strong financial results for its third quarter, with significant sales growth in China and profits ahead of expectations at $7.7bn. \n Answer: From September 19.",
            "output": [
                "If you are a customer, when can you buy an iPhone6?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b4309f3bf91a49d48817f5492bafd0b8",
            "input": "Article: Mark Twain is a name not usually connected with Broadway , but now his play \"Is He Dead\" will receive its first public performance on November 29. \"Is He Dead\" was written by Mark Twain in 1898 but was never performed. It was rediscovered in 2002 by Shelley Fisher Fishkin, an English professor and director of the American Studies Program at Stanford University. It was published the following year by the University of California Press. The story is about a group of poor artists who fake the death of their friend in order to increase the value of his work. \"Is He Dead\" is set in France in the 1840s and centers on the French painter Jean-Francois Millet. \"Millet was probably the most popular European painter in the United States in Twain's lifetime,\" Fishkin said in a telephone interview. \"Americans greatly admired him because he focused on the life of the common man and the common woman.\" According to Fishkin, \"Is He Dead\" is a satire  about how value is created in the art world. Twain wrote the play when he was coming out of the hardest time of his life. \n Answer: A trick played by a group of poor artists.",
            "output": [
                "What's \"Is He Dead\" about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-49f8da39eecd479da99ea7f4a4d792aa",
            "input": "Article: I had a very good teacher named Leon Sultan .I liked him very much. Mr. Sultan had just got a job at my high school but his name wasn't in the school's system. So when I got my schedule ,it read:  Staff F. It was during _ hat I  realised that \"Staff F\" was Mr.  Sultan. When he called my name, he asked if I remembered him. Then I realised that he was the teacher who had taught me English when I was in primary school. Mr. Sultan was a very special teacher. Even though he was older and had been to college, but he was Still ready to learn from others. He would listen to your opinion carefully before expressing his opinion. I think what he taught me more than anything else is to have an open mind Another thing I couldn't forget was his teaching method -group work There were four members in the group. Each group had its own topic. Everyone in the group would play a certain role. One would keep the discussion moving, the other one would write down the thoughts of the group, another one would be responsible for gathering information, and another one would share everything the group had discovered with the rest of the class. This allowed us to become \"experts\" on one topic and teach the rest of our classmates. Now ,I have become a more open-minded boy. That is because of my two and a half years in Mr.  Sultan's class. \n Answer: t didn't have the courses that he had chosen.",
            "output": [
                "What was strange about the author's schedule?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-00f8706c28a24ee3a84ab63c1f969280",
            "input": "Article: Once school is out for the summer, students can begin their vacation trips in the great state of New Hampshire. Here are some low budget destinations. Cannon Mountain It is not only the well-known oldest ski area in the US, but a top summer destination. The site offers views of the attractions of NH's Old Man of the Mountain, and the nests of eagles from the surrounding mount. You can treat yourselves to not only the small train ride, but a walk through the US ski museum and a hike along the small road. Feel free to choose a picnic lunch, or eat in the hotel. To comfortably enjoy the Cannon Mountain trip, plan to bring $20 per person in your group. Mount Washington Auto Road No trip to New Hampshire is complete without taking a drive up to the Mount Washington Auto Road. At $28 per vehicle and driver, plus $8 for each adult, you can arrive at the mountain top. You can start your trip to the highest top in the northeast, where you can spend a day climbing the rocks, exploring the weather station and the hiker rest area. Cruising on Lake Winnipesaukee Lake Winnipesaukee offers seasonal trips on the largest lake in New Hampshire. Summer cruises are designed for all the visitors, from plants tours and houses visiting to evening dinner cruises. Tickets change from $15 to $123 depending on the number of visitors and the season. Prescott Park Arts Festival Since 1974, the Prescott Park Arts Festival in Portsmouth has been hosting a free theater experience in the lovely river side Prescott Park. Past performances have included Annie, Shrek the Musical, and other plays. These community theater programs are a delight. And they run from June to August, with both evening shows and afternoon concerts. \n Answer: A small train ride is available there.",
            "output": [
                "what can we learn about Cannon Mountain?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1abb9d4ceb3940beb9091d8c83da6579",
            "input": "Article: Connie Lau hates smoking. \"It smells awful, and it's so bad for you. It breaks my heart to see my friends smoking. I try to get them to give up smoking.\" She says. So why does Connie walk into convenience stores and try to buy cigarettes? She is testing to see if stores will sell cigarettes to a kid who is younger than 18. \"You have to be 18 to purchase cigarettes, and I'm 16, so if they sell to me, they're breaking the law,\" Connie says. Connie isn't a vigilante  ; She works with local police in her town of Castro Valley, California. Officers drive her to stores, and she goes in alone to try to buy cigarettes. If the person behind the counter sells her a pack, an officer comes in and writes the business a ticket for breaking the law. Most stores obey the law and don't sell her cigarettes. The law requires that customers show ID if store employees ask them to. \"When they ask your age, you can't lie,\" Connie says. \"Most stores don't sell to me. In a year, we've visited almost 150 stores and had only 15 sales.\" Working undercover can be scary, even with police nearby. Connie said one cashier refused to sell her cigarettes and then got angry when he found out her age. He threatened to call the authorities. \"To calm him down, the police went in to explain that I was undercover,\" she says. Most teens wouldn't think of going undercover for the police. What's Connie's motivation  ? For starters, she can't stand smoking. But she also believes it's important for young people like her to try to make a real impact in their communities. In her view, teens can do more than get good grades in school, do chores at home, and do well in out-of-class activities. Every time she stops the sale of cigarettes to children, she's helping to uphold the law. \"A single teenager can make a big difference,\" Connie says. \"For the most part, when stores get caught, they learn their lesson and don't do it again.\" \n Answer: More than 18.",
            "output": [
                "According to the law what age of person can the store be allowed to sell cigarettes to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d46856a14a284d2e8a61710a2f2d6cc4",
            "input": "Article: Where Are They Now: Life after Olympic Gold These celebrated Olympic champions from decades past wrote sports history, but what are they up to now? Here's the latest on some of the greatest. Edwin Moses  _ : Gold Medals in 400 Meters Hurdles (1976 Montreal Games, 1984 Los Angeles Games)  _ : Moses earned a degree in physics and later held a full-time job as an engineer.After retirement, he earned his master's degree in business.In 2000, Moses took on the role of executive chairman of Laureus. Kerri Strug  _ : Gold Medal in Gymnastics (1996 Atlanta), when she competed through the pain of the ankle damage to land the gold-winning vault.  _ : Strug lives in Tucson, Arizona.She does public relations for USA Gymnastics, speaking regularly at events and attending the Games on behalf of sponsors. Dick Fosbury  _ : Gold Medal in High Jump (1968 Mexico City Games)  _ : Fosbury is an executive committee member of the World Olympians Association.But he hasn't left the tracks just yet - he coaches teenager athletes at Dick Fosbury Track Camps. Greg Louganis  _ : Gold Medals in Diving (1984 Los Angeles Games, 1988 Seoul Games)  _ : Louganis developed AIDS and retired in 1989.It wasn't until the mid-90s that he announced he was HTV-positive.Since then, Louganis has been an outspoken advocate for HTV awareness. Dominique Dawes  _ : Gold Medal in Gymnastics (1996 Atlanta Games)  _ : President Barack Obama appointed her and New Orleans Saints quarterback Drew Brees as co-chairs of the President's Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition. Dawes is also the co-host for Yahoo! News Weekend Edition. \n Answer: Edwin Moses and Greg Louganis.",
            "output": [
                "Who won two gold medals?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-169dc48345104addbea75782423e128d",
            "input": "Article: In 1693 the philosopher John Locke warned that children should not be given too much \"unhealthy fruit\" to eat.Three centuries later, misguided ideas about child-raising are still popular.Many parents fear that their children will die unless ceaselessly watched.In America the law can be equally paranoid  .In South Carolina this month Debra Harrell was jailed for letting her 9-year-old daughter play in a park unsupervised  . Her severe punishment reflects the rich world's worry about parenting.By most objective measures, modern parents are far more conscientious   than previous generations.Dads are more hands-on than their fathers were, and working mothers spend more time nurturing their children than the housewives of the 1960s did.However, there are two problems in this picture, connected to class.One is at the lower end.Even if poor parents spend more time with their children than they once did, they spend less than rich parents do.America is a _ here: its government spends abundantly on school-age kids but much less than other rich countries on the first two or three years of life.If America did more to help poor parents with young children, it would have huge returns. The second one, occurs at the other end of the income scale, and may even apply to otherwise rational   Economist readers: well-educated, rich parents try to do too much.Safety is part of it--they fear that if they are not constantly watching their children may break their necks, which is the least rational.Despite the impression you get from watching crime dramas, children in rich countries are safe, so long as they look both ways before crossing the road.The other popular parental fear--that your children might not get into an Ivy League college--is more rational.Academic success matters more than ever before.But beyond a certain point, parenting makes less difference than many parents imagine.Studies in Minnesota and Sweden, for example, found that identical twins grew up equally intelligent whether they were raised together or apart.A study in Colorado found that children that adopted and raised by brainy parents ended up no brainier than those adopted by average parents. This doesn't mean that parenting is irrelevant.The families who adopt children are carefully screened, so they tend to be warm, capable and middle-class.But the twin and adoption studies indicate that any child given a loving home and adequate stimulation is likely to fulfill her potential.Put another way, better-off parents can afford to relax a bit.And if you are less stressed, your children will appreciate it, even if you still make them eat their fruit and vegetables. \n Answer: Children are likely to fulfill their potential with a loving home and adequate stimulation",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT a misguided idea of parenting mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fc3f88bde2b445b99ee04a94f653df65",
            "input": "Article: In today's fast-paced   society, few people take time to enjoy the midday meal.Most of us just rush right through it. We grab a quick salad, or buy a sandwich and eat at our computers, Sometimes, if there is a deadline around the corner, we just _  The development of technology hasn't done our eating habits much good either.We are constantly distracted by e-mail, social media, and 24 - hour news.Even when we do sit down for lunch, we are more connected to our hand - held electronic devices. Long working hours can cause all kinds of health problems, and many developed countries have put in place labor laws specifically regarding the lunch break.These laws give employees the right to take a break during a long work shift, but it's up to them whether they do so or not. Frank Partnoy, a former Wall Street trader, says that employers should encourage workers to take time off for lunch.This is because long lunch breaks can benefit both individuals and society. Writing in The Guardian, Partnoy says that one obvious reason to take a lunch break is to slow down and gain some perspective . A break from work allows us to think strategically and outside the box.It also puts our daily tasks into a broader context . What we eat at lunch is also important.In Partnoy' s opinion, a fast food lunch is more harmful than not having lunch at all.  And it's not just about calories and unhealthy food.Recent studies show that fast food also has negative effects on how we think. However, if we sit down at a proper restaurant and chat leisurely with colleagues, we are more likely to slow down, something that hardly can be achieved in a noisy and over -- packed fast food chain. Despite these benefits, some employees might still be unwilling to take time off for lunch.Partnoy's suggestion? Make skipping lunch difficult: Employers could ask workers to fill out a form stating their reasons for skipping the meal. \n Answer: Laws have passed to make workers have lunch.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff9fe29c87dc43619778ad6425ff32f3",
            "input": "Article: Mum, it's me. Hopefully, this Mothering Sunday you will get to hear those three words. I will, of course, try to phone you. I hope we will be able to speak for the allowed 10 minutes. But I suspect many inmates will be using the phone, so if I don't call and if we don't speak, then this is what I would have said: It's not your fault that I am here. I know that deep in your heart you have questioned whether my current circumstance is somehow your fault, if the reckless stupidity of my past is somehow a failure on your part. It is not. Only one person is to blame, only one person should hurt -- me. You have always taught me that when the room goes dark, you can wait for the lights to be switched back on or you can search in the dark and turn the light on yourself. You are my light. You always have been and always will be. There is nobody I admire more, nobody I have strived harder to please in my life, which is why my current failure hurts me so much. I am so sorry that I will not be there to see you, but I want you to know that now, as always, you are here with me. In my darkest hours, and in the coldest loneliness of my past few months, my mind has so often wandered to the past, to when it was you and me -- and I have been able to smile. Yours is the strength that I draw upon. A parent's job is to make sure that they pass on the best of themselves to their children. You have done that. It is the inner you in me that will get me through _ . I have failed you so epically, but you have never failed me. If I think back to the tears I shed when Dad left, all those years ago, I see you through their misty glaze. You holding me and you telling me we'd be OK, and we will be. We are and always will be the best team. Childhood heroes such as footballers, actors and rock stars are _ . If the job's done right, a child's heroes should be their parents -- you are mine. The strength you showed after the divorce from Dad to find your biological parents, to go to university and get your teaching qualifications, to begin your life again, is the strength that I draw on now. It is the belief in myself, it is the belief you have in me, that tells me that once I am released I can and will rebuild my life. I will make you proud again. I will make you happy to have me as your son. Yours is the will that gets me through every day. I don't believe you can judge a person for the mistakes they make, as we all make them, but you can judge them for what they do afterwards. And after this, when it is all over, you will still have a son with the same hopes and dreams. They have not diminished. If you can dream it, then you have to believe it can happen -- right? So this Mothering Sunday, please think back to that morning in the 80s, the first Mother's Day without Dad, when a six-year-old me got up early and made breakfast for you. Do you remember it? Could you ever forget? A slice of bread a doorstep thick and a wedge of cheese equally dense. You didn't have to eat it, but you did, chewing every dry mouthful. I know now why you forced yourself -- because it had been made with love. Well, things don't change this year -- this letter is that bread and cheese (it sure has plenty of the cheese!). I love you so much. I am sorry I have let you down, but you have taught me that we will always pick ourselves up and become better than we were before. Thank you for everything and this year, more than ever: Happy Mothering Sunday. Love, your son \n Answer: Having no chance to spend the weekend with mother.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what made the author most upset at present?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a63cab97eb984e0abd0dcefa2bb764d8",
            "input": "Article: The bell rings and in a few moments. the most disordered part of the day begins-lunch. Food begins to be dished out. and some students are eager to see their friends. while others cannot bear the thought of what is about to happen. Anxie0,  builds for many as they think today will be just like any other day. Press repeat and this happens every day.      But Bridport Elementary in Bridport introduced a system to solve this classic scene of loneliness and meet new friendships. There's hardly room for the question, \"Will you save me a seat?\" at Britiport Elementary where students are guided to assigned  tables and given the. opportunity to open their hearts and minds to a new friend. The  school's president Kilbourne  had observed too many days in which the same kids were left alone, while the others were always accompanied by friends. Something had to change.     The school gives a new system- in which students line up to pick a numbered stick before getting their food. Each stick has a number that's linked with a table, showing where they will eat lunch for the day.      This system was used five months ago. Today, if you walked into the cafeteria. you wouldn't find any numbers or any sticks. Kilbourne made a promise to the students that the system would eventually disappear if she saw that students learned to value inclusivity       and friendship.     People really saw a change. A girl was walking around by herself with her lunch in her hand. and four tables asked her to join them. At another table. a kindergartener was sitting alone for just a few moments before two sixth graders came over to sit with him. and actively included him in conversation.      Now we are left wondering: how can lessons learned from the cafeteria be used elsewhere? Students and adults all over the country could benefit from an approach in which every person is always welcome at the table in any situation. \n Answer: Students had little interest in lunch due to the pressure of study.",
            "output": [
                "What inspjred the president of Bridport Elementary to introduce the system?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d6602b49d5564c64943b39d99c078d8b",
            "input": "Article: Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell. But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger. For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hormones  .They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc.In general the person feels excited and ready to act. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger _ may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, \"Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.\" Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. \n Answer: Anger may cause you a cancer.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is right?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b8a0a388efe04c7b83e424e6f82f0320",
            "input": "Article: What kind of life do you seek for? One that is frustrating and full of complaints every day? Or one that is filled with thankfulness, gratefulness and a positive mind? The moment we open our eyes each day, we should be grateful that we are still alive. We are given a brand-new day. We are given another day to love. We are given another day of hope. We are given another chance to do whatever we have failed to accomplish. Those who have chosen to leave this place do not have any second chance. We should be grateful every day. By being grateful, we will treasure the things around us. We will learn to appreciate life in a better way. Treat others better and find ourselves in a better mood every day. When we are thankful and grateful for the things we have, the universe tends to give us more. By being thankful and grateful for our personal health, we will focus our attention on it and we would want to have a better well-being for our health. We will want to eat healthier food to nourish our body. After all, the body is the temple of our soul. We have to treat it well so that it can carry us a longer journey in life. When we face problems in life, be thankful and grateful too. They are designed specifically for us so that  we will be stronger and wiser. We are like a strong oak tree, facing the _ weather time to time. After each storm, we will grow stronger and strengthen our foundations for the next harsh weather. The year 2013 has come to an end. Have you achieved what you aimed for in the past year? Be grateful for those you have achieved and especially for those you have not--both successes and failures. Failures and mistakes will give you valuable lessons. So, pick yourself up and try again this year. Good luck! \n Answer: Two.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, how many kinds of life are mentioned?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-43c4ba29f5ca46ab942abf4e9f0ece86",
            "input": "Article: Most people think the first pies were made by early Romans. They may have learned about pie making from the Greeks. These pies were sometimes made in\"reeds  \", which were used for the purpose of holding the filling ( ), and were not eaten. The Romans spread the word about pies around Europe and the word\"pie\"became a popular word in the 14th century. The first pie recipe   was also published by the Romans. Pies first appeared in England as early as the twelfth century. The early pies were mostly meat pies. There was actually more crust than filling. Often these pies were made from fowl ( ) and the fowl's legs were left to hang over the side of the dish and used as handles. Fruit pies were probably first made in the 1500s. It is said that Queen Elizabeth I made the first cherry pie. Pie came to America with the first English settlers. The early settlers cooked their pies in long narrow pans. As in the Roman times, the early American pie crusts were often not eaten, but simply used to hold the filling during baking(@&*). Over the years, pie has become what it is today --- \"the most traditional American dessert\". Pie has become so much a part of American culture that we now often use the phrase \"as American as apple pie\". \n Answer: The Greeks.",
            "output": [
                "Which people might probably first grasp the skill to make pies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81d03c060ac34cab892ca2cb7b176bd6",
            "input": "Article: When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science. Robert Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Jennifer Leonard of the Smithsonian Institute, used DNA material--some of it unearthed by miners in Alaska--to conclude that today's domestic dog originated in Asia and accompanied the first humans to the New World about 10,000 to 15,000 years ago. Wayne suggests that man's best friend may have enabled the tough journey from Asia into North America. \"Dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge,\" said Wayne. \"They can pull things, carry things, defend you from fierce animals, and they're useful to eat.\" Researchers have agreed that today's dog is the result of the domestication  of wolves thousands of years ago. Before this recent study, a common thought about the precise origin of North America's domestic dog was that Natives domesticated local wolves, the descendents  of which now live with people in Alaska, Canada, and the Lower 48. Dog _ from a Fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion. Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost  until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s. The miners donated the preserved bones to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where they remained untouched for more than 70 years. After borrowing the bones from the museum, Leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the Alaska dogs. They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A.D., before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. The bones of dogs that wandered the Fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of \"pure native American dogs,\" Leonard said. The DNA of the Fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendents of wolves from North America. Along with the Fairbanks samples, the researchers collected DNA from bones of 37 dog specimens  from Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia that existed before the arrival of Columbus. In the case of both the Alaska dogs and the dogs from Latin America, the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolves of Europe and Asia. This supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the New World with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge. Leonard and Wayne's study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the Bering Land Bridge to slowly populate the Americas. Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along. \"Dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep,\" Wayne said. \"They didn't feed on mice; they fed on meat, which was a very guarded resource.\" \n Answer: Ancient dogs entered North America across the Bering Land Bridge.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-707691cb0654480d809d8be1834cfa3f",
            "input": "Article: Melissa and Roman McCoy were looking forward to the Christmas. But on December 5th, Roman got a phone call that changed everything. Melissa had been in a terrible car accident, and the doctor had little hope she would make it. \"He said the next six to eight hours were critical in determining whether she would live or not. And I just wept,\" Roman said. \"A lot of pressure built up inside, and I just dropped my cell phone on the ground when I heard that. It was the worst feeling that I've ever felt.\" Melissa, a college English professor, was on her way to class when her car hit into a mound of dirt and rolled over several times. Roman recalled, \"I could only think how I am going to raise my kids without their mother. If she did live, how would I take care of her and my kids? The questions you never want to ask yourself, I had to face.\" Melissa survived the first night. She had injuries to her stomach and lungs and worse, she suffered severe injuries to her brain. She didn't recognize anyone, even her own husband. \"Over the next few days, she remained unresponsive to treatments. The brain surgeon never really gave us much hope.\" Days passed and Melissa didn't improve. Christmas Eve, Roman was by her side in the hospital. Then, he received a Christmas gift he would never forget. \"That evening, she woke up and was just as clear as before, recognized everybody, and was able to read. It was just amazing. I saw her bright smile and her sense of humor. The only way I could describe it is that the weight of the darkness that had hovered over me was just completely gone.\" Melissa quickly improved, and she is back to being a wife, mom, and professor. There is no sign of damage from the brain. Melissa said, \"I thank him for everything now. It's not just 'thank you for my job, thank you for my children.' It's 'thank you for every aspect of my life.'\" \n Answer: Wife and husband.",
            "output": [
                "What's the relationship between Melissa and Roman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae09c5029ade4df88b2cde924de293b0",
            "input": "Article: Can you communicate with others when you live in a foreign country with no or little knowledge of its language? Of course, it is possible. You can communicate your moods and intentions to one another without words, because all human beings share a lot of common visual signals. These signals are as effective as words during communication. The gestures of the head play a key role in body language. The movements of eyes and eyebrows are as important as head movements in body language. Besides the gestures of the head or the movements of the eyes and eyebrows, the action of arms, hands and legs is also a large part of body language. Extending one's arm and shaking hands with others is a greeting in both formal and informal cases. This part of body language might date back to primary tribes . Like handshaking, there are still many other forms of body language presented by hands. Raising one's hand and making a circle with his thumb and for finger signals, that something is OK. Clasped hands raised above the head, a traditional picture accepted by sportsmen after winning a fight, is a display of triumph that grows out of a kind of feeling following a victory. Waving one's hands, a speaker can make his words more powerful and vigorous . Besides hand gestures, there are times when a person says something with his legs as well as with his head and eyes. The leg gestures often reflect one's attitude towards something or someone that person is with. According to the above facts, body language has offered a more reliable way to understand one's mind by means of gestures. Though it is soundless and wordless, once you understand it, you will feel the world is bigger than you realized. \n Answer: Body Language",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the proper title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3bbbc08f03414fef80349345e9d986a8",
            "input": "Article: My friend Karen and I were always together. Karen was only a few months older than I. I always thought she was so beautiful, with long hair and blue eyes. I loved Karen so much because she liked me for being the way I was. I could be myself and share my secrets with her and I never felt like I was being judged. We had so much fun and were really quite silly. One time I asked my mom to make us the same dresses so we could pretend we were twins. We continued as best friends throughout grade school. One day, Karen was going to another friend's place and asked me to come along, but I couldn't go because I had a babysitting job that afternoon. We walked together to the Becker's home where I was to babysit and then she continued on her way without me. We had agreed that I would meet her at the corner when she returned and I finished my job. At four o'clock I rushed to the corner so I wouldn't be late for meeting Karen. Just as I arrived at the corner, I saw Karen crossing the street. In a second it happened. I saw Karen's body fly up in the sky. A car had hit her! Karen was on life support for a week before it was decided that they would allow her to go in peace. Karen's parents wanted to donate her organs to the hospital, but there was nothing left healthy enough to be used because she was hit so hard. I have never got so close to another person since Karen died. I do miss her! Do you cherish your friends? If you don't, please do, as you may lose them one day. \n Answer: An unforgettable girl",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-41757fa4b3234bff8f11fdcf8a4fa4c8",
            "input": "Article: Some expressions in English can be really puzzling. Have a look at the following to see how it challenges your brainpower. Homeric laughter The \"Homer\" in this expression is the Greek poet. People laugh differently. Some laugh silently, while others tend to laugh loudly. \"Homeric laughter\" refers to laughter of the latter kind. It is at times uncontrollable, and the entire body shakes during the process. This kind of laughter is called Homeric laughter because this is how the gods laughed in Homer's classics. A three-ring circus When you refer to a situation as being a three-ring circus, you are saying that it is a situation of complete confusion. There are so many activities taking place all together that they leave you confused or annoyed. The expression comes from the world of entertainment -- the circus. The area where the artists perform their acts is called the \"ring\". In the past, some of the circuses were so grand that they had three acts taking place _ in three different \"rings\". The audience had to decide which \"ring\" they wanted to focus on. In the swim (of things) When someone is in the swim of things, the individual is actively participating in the things happening around him, as in \"I've been ill, but soon I'll be back in the swim of thing.\" In the world of fishing, fishermen use the word \"swim\" to refer to the section of the lake/river where fish can be found in plenty. So, if you are a fisherman and wish to catch a lot offish, where would you be? You would be \"in the swim\". Chickens have come home to roost The word \"roost\" refers to the place where birds rest. It could be anything -- the branch of a tree, a henhouse, etc. The expression is normally used to mean that the bad things that someone did in the past have come back to bite or upset the individual. In other words, one has to face the consequences of the deeds done in the past. The original form of this 700-year-old expression was \"curses are like chickens; they always come home to roost\". \n Answer: www.chinadaily.com.cn/entertainment/fashion.html",
            "output": [
                "lf you want to know more about such expressions, which website will you probably visit?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fd26934035a8432b97d2c29290f9ee50",
            "input": "Article: The year 2009 is the Year of Ox. The ox is a representative of the fanning culture of China. In the farming economy  , oxen are the major animals pulling plows  . Of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing.  In fact, they are seen as \"boats on land\" for their ability to carry loads. Besides, the whole body of an ox is full of treasures. Their meat and milk are food full of nutrition, and their skin can be used to make clothes and shoes. With all these qualities, oxen are regarded as generous creatures. In the past, oxen played an important role in the spiritual life of the Chinese. Even today, oxen still play a special part in some folk activities. For example, some people who1ire in southwest China will cook cattle bone soup and share it among family members when holding the ceremony for children who reach 13. They believe that the cattle bone soup represents the blood relationship among family members. In order to express their love for oxen, people in some other areas will run to shake off diseases on the 16th day of the first month by the lunar calendar  , and during their run they will take their oxen along, which indicates they regard the creature as human. Because of the contribution of oxen in their lives, the Chinese people are very grateful to the animal. In addition, the use of oxen in ceremonies and the thanks people owe to oxen help to develop various traditional customs, which becomes an important part of the folk culture of the Chinese nation. \n Answer: People's respect and love for oxen.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following helps to develop traditional customs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-47204ad3967b4150ae75d80a9a055a28",
            "input": "Article: Your genetic makeup plays a big part in determining your size and weight. If both your parents are tall, there is a good chance you'll be tall. But if your parents are smaller than average, you may want to rethink that professional basketball career! The same goes for your body type. Have you ever heard someone say a person is \"big boned?\" It's a way of saying the person has a large frame, or skeleton . Big bones usually weigh more than small bones. That's why it's possible for two kids with the same height, but different weight, to both the right weight. Being overweight can run in someone's family, but it may not be because of their genes. Poor eating and exercise habits also run in families and these may be the reasons the members of a family are overweight. And even though some kids gain weight more easily than others, when they eat right and exercise, most kids can have a healthy weight that's right for them. It's true- the way you live can change the way you look. How much your weight is a balance between the calories you eat and the calories you use. If you eat more calories than your body needs to use, you will gain too much weight. If you spend you free time watching TV, your body won't use as many calories as it would if you played basketball, skated, or went for a walk. But if you eat more and exercise less, you may become overweight. On the other hand, if you eat less and exercise more, you may lose weight. \n Answer: What Makes Me the Weight I Have?",
            "output": [
                "Which one can be used as the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51109aed82174157b1bf30ed4835d150",
            "input": "Article: This Christmas, maybe different from previous years, a strong desire drives me to make my own Christmas gifts. Honestly speaking, I've promised myself this more than once. As a crafter  , I've frequently thought I am supposed to turn it into action. However, this year I really plan to stick to it. It's partly because I run short of money. More importantly, I've recently returned from an inspiring trip around Britain, collecting some information about crafting for BBC's Newsnight. Actually I planned the trip couples of months ago. The idea of traveling the country -- making things as I went, meeting artists and craftspeople -- sounded perfect to spend the summer. I'd pack a tent and a sewing machine and I'd set off. But by the time I determined my plans and hit the road, leaves made a sighing sound under foot. It seemed crazy to camp with winter on the way; Luckily, Newsnight viewers offered me accommodations in return for help with a craft task. My tasks ranged from sewing worn-out clothes to making trousers. Textile students in Harpenden offered to pay for my petrol in return for a talk about hats. In Derby, Amy needed help to change an old pair of curtains. I was really struck by people's increasing enthusiasm for making things. When I asked some people if they could sew, only a few raised their hands. But when I asked who wanted to learn, nearly everyone responded positively, hoping to learn something practical. Craft is definitely popular at the moment. But besides fashion, we're learning to appreciate effort and quality again. Perhaps once people rediscover the pleasure to be gained from making something unique, it may stick. Sue is director of quilts at the V&A, where next spring she'll be putting on the museum's first major quilting exhibition. Sue believes the return to crafting is related to how we rethink ourselves. \"People, especially women, are beginning to think about the way they live their lives. It's 40 years since the first women's liberation  conference was held in Oxford. Since then we've been in the workplace, and we've had the opportunity of choice. Now we're carefully choosing to go back into the home.\" Whether you agree with that or not, there's something about Christmas that brings out the artistic flavor  in everyone. Whether it's baking bread or pies or decorating the halls or rooms, we're all prepared to have a try at any time. So if you fancy having a different and joyful party or holiday and making a few presents, try these really simple ideas, each inspired by my recent journey there. They make small and interesting gifts, and take no longer than 30 minutes each. Enjoy Christmas songs and settle down with a cup of hot cocoa, and the cold is gone. You'll save yourself a small quantity of money and spread a little bit of love, too! \n Answer: She hoped to present herself with a surprise.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author promise to make herself a Christmas gift this year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5fcbc9405b77429492761773739d96b0",
            "input": "Article: He felt faint again now but he held on the great fish all the strain that he could. I moved him, he thought. Maybe this time I can get him over. Pull, hands, he thought. Hold up, legs. Last for me, head. Last for me. You never went. This time I'll pull him over.  But when he put all of his effort on, starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all his strength, the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away.  \"Fish,\" the old man said. \"Fish, you are going to have to die anyway. Do you have to kill me too?\"  That way nothing is accomplished, he thought. His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now. I must get him alongside this time, he thought. I am not good for many more turns. Yes, you are, he told himself. You're good for ever.  On the next turn, he nearly had him. But again the fish righted himself and swam slowly away.  You are killing me, fish, the old man thought. But you have a right to. Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, brother. Come on and kill me. I do not care who kills who.  Now you are getting confused in the head, he thought. You must keep your head clear. Keep your head clear and know how to suffer like a man. Or a fish, he thought.  \"Clear up, head,\" he said in a voice he could hardly hear. \"Clear up.\"  Twice more it was the same on the turns.  I do not know, the old man thought. He had been on the point of feeling himself go each time. I do not know. But I will try it once more.  He tried it once more and he felt himself going when he turned the fish. The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.  I'll try it again, the old man promised, although his hands were mushy now and he could only see well in flashes.  He tried it again and it was the same. So he thought, and he felt himself going before he started; I will try it once again.  He took all his pain and what was left of his strength and his long gone pride and he put it against the fish's agony and the fish came over onto his side and swam gently on his side, his bill almost touching the planking of the skiff and started to pass the boat, long, deep, wide, silver and barred with purple and interminable in the water.  The old man dropped the line and put his foot on it and lifted the harpoon as high as he could and drove it down with all his strength, and more strength he had just summoned, into the fish's side just behind the great chest fin that rose high in the air to the altitude of the man's chest. He felt the iron go in and he leaned on it and drove it further and then pushed all his weight after it.  Then the fish came alive, with his death in him, and rose high out of the water showing all his great length and width and all his power and his beauty. He seemed to hang in the air above the old man in the skiff. Then he fell into the water with a crash that sent spray over the old man and over all of the skiff. \n Answer: By getting the fish over and hitting it with his harpoon.",
            "output": [
                "In what way did the old man make it?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-64b823dee8ad4d53883f037ea17da38b",
            "input": "Article: It was a bitter cold evening in northern Virginia many years ago. The old man's beard was glazed by winter's frost while he waited for a ride across the river. The wait seemed endless. His body became numb and stiff from the frigid north wind. It was long before he heard the faint, steady rhythm of hooves   along the frozen path. Anxiously watching several horsemen coming up, he let the first one pass by without any effort to get his attention, then another passed by, and another. Finally, the last rider drew near where the old man sat like a snow statue when old man caught his eyes and said, \"Sir, would you mind giving an old man a ride to the other side?\" Stopping his horse, the rider replied, \"Sure! Jump aboard.\" Seeing the old man unable to lift his half-frozen body from the ground, the horseman got down to help him. The horseman took him not just across the river, but to his destination just a few miles away. As they approached the tiny but cozy cottage, the horseman's curiosity caused him to inquire, \"Sir, I noticed you let several other riders pass by without making an effort to secure a ride. Then I came up and you immediately asked me for a ride. I am curious why, on such a bitter night, you would wait and ask the last rider. What if I had refused and left you here?\" The old man looked the rider straight in the eyes and replied, \"I reckon I know people pretty good. I looked into the eyes of the other riders and immediately found no concern for my situation. It would have been useless even to ask them for a ride. But when I looked into your eyes, your gentle spirit would welcome the opportunity to give me assistance in my time of need.\" Those heart-warming comments touched the horseman deeply. \"I'm so grateful for what you have said,\" he told the old man. \"May I never get too busy in my own affairs that I fail to respond to the needs of others with kindness and compassion.\" With that, Thomas Jefferson turned his horse around and made his way back to the White House. \n Answer: Because he was too numb to lift his half-frozen body.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the old man ask the previous riders for a ride?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b7d3cfb0e9644c5ebdf89edcdb082899",
            "input": "Article: A girl became a volunteer in the activities of Deathbed Care, which meant visiting and taking care of a patient suffering from an incurable disease with days numbered. The girl was assigned to look after an old man suffering from cancer whose children lived abroad. Their living conditions were not satisfactory while the old man had a lot of savings. She was expected to comfort him and keep up his spirits. Every Saturday the girl came on time to keep him company, telling him stories. When he was having an intravenous drip  , she would help massage his arms. The doctor found the patient much improved mentally. The old man began to involve himself actively in the medical treatment and he seldom shouted at others. But something that happened made the doctor uneasy and puzzled. Each time the girl left, the old man would give her some money. The doctor did nothing to interfere  , unwilling to offend the old man. A month later the old man showed evident signs of decline after suffering coma   a few times. When rescued from the latest coma, the old man told the doctor his last wish, \"I have deep sympathy for the girl. Will you be kind enough to help her finish her studies?\" But the doctor knew that her family was welloff and she had no difficulty pursuing her studies. Sometimes she even came to the hospital in her father's car. When the girl came at the weekend after the death of the old man, the doctor told her the bad news. She was very sad and burst into tears. Then she handed $ 500 to the doctor, saying, \"The old man had all along thought I came to do the job because of poverty. He gave me money so that I could continue my schooling.\" Now he got the answer to the puzzle. In the last period of his life, the old man found it a real pleasure to be able to help a girl badly in need. \n Answer: Patients living alone.",
            "output": [
                "If you're a volunteer in the activities of Deathbed Care, what kind of people do you have to attend to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e6e1241540344bb9ac00e70aea779bc7",
            "input": "Article: Is your family interested in buying a dog? A dog can be a good friend to your family, but if you choose the wrong kind of dog, it can cause you a lot of trouble. Families should sit down and discuss the problems before buying a dog.Even if the children in your family are the ones who want the dog,the parents are the ones who are really responsible  for seeing that the animal is properly cared for.If you don't know much about dogs,it's a good idea to go to the library for books about different kinds of dogs,as well as books about how to train a young dog. Dogs of different kinds change in popularity as the years go by. One of the most popular dogs these days is the German shepherd . This is because it provides protection. The family should be warned that these dogs grow up to be very big, and may he too powerful for children, If your house is not big, a toy dog may be a good choice . These dogs are very small and easy to train. They don't need to be walked daily. \n Answer: Parents.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, who should take care of the dog?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a82a95d7431449c1a407a1f92a2bce8d",
            "input": "Article: Google works miracles Google is a daily miracle to millions of people. You can type almost anything into the space provided, and soon it wil come up with hundreds, if not thousands, of references  . It is said that you can get into billions of websites through Google. Yahoo becomes giant Yahoo was the first wonder of the Web, and in many parts, it still is. It started in January 1994 when two Californian graduate students, Jerry Yang and David Filo, started building a database of links , mainly for their personal use. Well before the end of the year, it had become known as the Yahoo we know today.  Ebay enables everyone to buy and sell Ebay, which carries out online auctions , is one of the most important Internet companies. It has, for example, opened up a global marketplace in which people from Beigjing, San Francisco, Moscow or Buenos Aires can bid against each other for products (new or old )put up auction by someone in London. Amazon makes buying a new experience For regular users, amazon has made itself the shortest possible path between wanting and buying. With amazon you can get something more cheaply and perhaps more quickly. The search engine and one-click ordering system let you find and order something in seconds.But this is not the whole story. Amazon also uses technology very cleverly to keep you on the site, and to make you buy more. \n Answer: Leave a message for your friends.",
            "output": [
                "What can you do through Google?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-789255600a1d44f289fd5cbaeff4fe21",
            "input": "Article: It's really true what people say about English politeness: it's everywhere. When squeezing   past someone in a narrow passage, people say \"sorry\". When getting off a bus, English passengers say \"thank you\" rather than the driver. In Germany, people would never dream of doing these things. After all, squeezing past others is sometimes unavoidable, and the bus driver is only doing his job. I used to think the same way, without questioning it, until I started traveling to the British Isles, and here are some more polite ways of interacting   with people in UK. People thank each other everywhere in England, all the time. When people buy something in a shop, customer and shop assistant in most cases thank each other twice or more. In Germany, it would be exceptional to hear more than one thank you in such a conversation. British students thank their lecturers when leaving the room. English employers thank their employees for doing their jobs, as opposite to Germans, who would normally think that paying their workers money is already enough. Another thing I observed during my stay was that English people rarely criticize   others. Even when I was working and mistakes were pointed out to me, my employers emphasized several times but none of their explanations were intended as criticism. It has been my impression that by avoiding criticism, English people are making an effort to make others feel comfortable. This also is showed in other ways. British men still open doors for women, and British men are more likely to treat women to a meal than German men. However, I do need to point out here that this applies to English men a bit more than it would to Scottish men! Yes, the latter are a bit tightfisted. \n Answer: He thinks it goes too far.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's attitude towards English politeness?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb9281ae7a2d4a04b9ae22e6bae47920",
            "input": "Article: When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald's in January 2004, the world's biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining.One exception was France, where Mr.Hennequin had done a reliable job as head on the group's French subsidiary  to sell more Big Macs to his relatives, His task was to copy this success in all 41 of the European countries where anti-globalisers' favourite enemy operates. So far Mr.Henncquin is doing well.Last year European sales increased by 5.8% and the number of customers by 3.4%, the best annual results in nearly 15 years.Europe accounted for 36% of the group's profits and for 28 of its sales.December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain, and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly . Mr.Hennequin's recipe for revival  is to be more open about his company's operations, to be \"locally relevant\", and to improve the experience of visiting his 6.400 restaurants. McDonaId's is blamed for making people fat, exploiting workers, treating animals cruelly, polluting the environment and simply for being American.Mr.Hennequin says he wants to engage in a dialogue with the public to address these concerns. He introduced \"open door\" visitor days in each country which became hugely popular.In Poland alone some 50,000 visitors came to McDonaId's through the visitors' program last year.The Nutrition Information Initiative launched last year, put detailed Sables on McDonaId's packaging with data on calories, protein, fat, carbohy drates and salt content, \"the details are also printed on tray-liners. \n Answer: The sales of McDonald is increasing in France.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statement is RIGHT?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1fa9513f9a7e49d9ab154402a9cfb543",
            "input": "Article: On the first day of the 11th grade, our new math teacher Mr Washington asked me to go to the blackboard to do a math problem. I told him that I couldn't do it. He asked, \"Why not?\" I paused, and then I said, \"Because I'm educable mentally retarded  .\"      He came from behind his desk and looked at me. \"Don't ever say that again. Someone's opinion of you does not have to become your reality,\" he said.      It was a very special moment for me. Doctors said that I was educable mentally retarded in the fifth grade, and I was put back into the fourth grade. When I was in the eighth grade, I failed again.    But Mr Washington changed my life. This person always gave students the feeling that he had high expectations of them, and then all of the students did their best to live up to what those expectations were. He often said, \"You have greatness within you.\"     One day, I caught up with him in the parking place and said, \"Mr Washington, is there greatness within me, sir?\"     He said, \"Yes, Mr Brown.\"     \"But what about the fact that I failed in English, math and history? What about that, sir? I'm slower than most kids.\"    \"It doesn't matter. It just means that you have to work harder. Your grades don't determine who you are or what you can produce in your life.\"    \"I want to buy my mother a house.\"    \"It is possible, Mr Brown. You can do that.\" And he turned to walk away.    \"Mr Washington?\"    \"What do you want now?\"    \"Uh, I'm the one, sir. One day you're going to hear my name. I'm the one, sir.\"    School was a real struggle for me. Mr Washington put many demands on me. He made me believe that I could do it. At the end of that year, I was on the honor roll for the first time in my life.   Years later, I produced five programs on public television. When one of my programs was shown on the educational television channel, I had some friends call him. I was sitting by the phone waiting when he called me. He said, \"May I speak to Mr Brown, please?\"    \"Oh, Mr Washington, is that you?\"   \"Yes, it's me. You were the one, weren't you?\"  \"Yes, sir, I was.\" \n Answer: The doctor made a mistake.",
            "output": [
                "What does Mr Washington mean by saying \"Someone's opinion of you does not have to become your reality\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cc9d904312ce4e778161ee3da6224fc1",
            "input": "Article: We use an average of 158 liters of water a day in Britain, for which we pay a bargain price of 28p a liter, but much of this is just cash down the drain, according to water companies. Most are campaigning to cut the amount we use. And the frontline weapon in their campaign is the water meter  . They want us all to have one and one company is seeking powers to make this compulsory. The Government is anxious for us to use less water, too. Elliot Morley, the Environment Minister, says he is impressed by the savings when a meter is installed. In most homes, consumption drops by 20 percent. He also thinks consumers get a good deal from meters. He said, \"Most people would find that they would either be exactly the same or better off with water meters and it is a fairer way of paying for water.\" At present, only 25% of households have meters and most of those are in East Anglia. They are installed by water companies, and households then have about PS43 added to each bill to cover the cost of installing and reading the meter. Barrie Clarke, a spokesman for Water UK, said, \"We want everyone to be more water wise--to think about the amount of water they use. But with our climate change and different weather patterns, over time it will make economic and environmental sense to think how we use water. This may mean meters.\" Mr. Clarke believes the easiest way to save water is to use less in the garden. In one hour, a sprinkler uses the same amount of water as the average family of four uses in a day--about 632 liters. He said that gardeners should water in the evening so that it dose not _ in the heat of the day and that every household should have a water butt to collect rainwater for use in the garden. \n Answer: People are more water wise.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the advantage of installing water meters?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6db97eebfa9f4e29921916249ceee77b",
            "input": "Article: It's puzzling, isn't it? No matter where you try to tickle yourself, even on the soles  of your feet or under your arms, you just can't. To understand why, you need to know more about how your brain works. One of its main tasks is to try to make good guesses about what's going to happen next. While you're busy getting on with your life, walking downstairs or eating your breakfast, parts of your brain are always trying to predict the future. Remember when you first learned how to ride a bicycle? At first, it took a lot of concentration to keep the handlebars steady and push the pedals . But after a while, cycling became easy. Now you're not aware of the movements you make to keep the bike going. From experience, your brain knows exactly what to expect so your body rides the bike automatically. Your brain is predicting all the movements you need to make. You only have to think consciously about cycling if something changes---like if there's a strong wind or you get a flat tyre. When something unexpected happens like this, your brain is forced to change its predictions about what will happen next. If it does its job well, you'll adjust to the strong wind, leaning your body so you don't fall. Why is it so important for our brains to predict what will happen next? It helps us make fewer mistakes and can even save our lives. For example, when a chief fireman sees a fire, he immediately makes decisions about how best to position his men. His past experiences help him foresee what might happen and choose the best plan for fighting the fire. His brain can instantly predict how different plans would work out, and he can _ any bad or dangerous plans without putting his men at risk in real life. So how does all this answer your question about tickling? Because your brain is always predicting your own actions, and how your body will feel as a result, you cannot tickle yourself. Other people can tickle you because they can surprise you. You can't predict what their tickling actions will be. \n Answer: Why Can't I Tickle Myself?",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5423166d04e8434692bb21b0abc6cd19",
            "input": "Article: Forget famous goal celebration such as \"The Robot\" by Peter Crouch and \"The Dive\" by Juergen Klinsmann, here comes the South African \"Diski dance\". The Diski dance, which is performed through heading and kicking an imaginary ball, may be a goal celebration to watch in the following matches. South Africa's Siphiwe Tshabalala and his teammates performed this different dance when they celebrated his goal against Mexico in the opening World Cup game on Friday. The dance is already popular on YouTube and many soccer fans may want to learn the moves. Even South Africa's President Jacob Zuma has learnt the Diski dance which could be better than Cameroon Roger Milla's corner flag dance celebration in the 1990 FIFA World Cup. US actor John Travolta performed the dance shortly after landing his Boeing 707 at Lanseria airport, north of Johannesburg, on Wednesday morning. Goal celebrations are now part of the biggest sporting event and players plan them in advance just in case they find the back of the net. In football, a goal celebration is the practice of celebrating the scoring of a goal. The celebration may be performed by the goal-scorer, his or her teammates, the manager or coaches and the supporters of the team. The Robot goal celebration was so popular that England fans were surprised when Crouch, an English international footballer, said that he wouldn't be doing it any more unless England won the World Cup. The word Diski is the word used by the local people for soccer and may also describe the local style of football which focuses on dribbling  and other tricks. \n Answer: 3.",
            "output": [
                "Besides \"Diski dance\", how many types of goal celebrations are mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-856254551fe84bf7b25b1d3f5a292c7e",
            "input": "Article: \"Iris scan  , please,\" the bank's computer voice tells you. You step up and the computer reads your eye, comparing it to the stored file it has of your iris. The images had better match---otherwise, you won't be able to get your money. Iris scanning and other technologies, such as fingerprint and voice scanning, have appeared in many science fiction movies in the past. Today, these advanced technologies are part of the real world. They are common at work, the bank, the airport, and your local prison. The iris scan, fingerprint scan, and voice scan are all examples of biometrics , a fast developing area of automatic personal identification technology. Basically, biometrics uses various ways to verify a person's identity, based on the individual's unique characteristics, including fingerprints, signature, and so on. Biometrics identification systems have a number of advantages over password systems. The primary advantage is that an individual has to be physically present in order to be identified. Another important advantage is that there are no passwords to remember, forget, lose, or steal. The voice scan is the simplest and most affordable form of biometrics. It only requires a computer, a microphone, and the correct software. The software records a subject's voice and then compares it to a stored voice sample for identification purpose. For additional safety, fingerprint and handprint scans can also be employed. Fingerprint scans take the image of a fingerprint and compare it to a stored file of prints. Handprint scans identify the unique features of a hand. \n Answer: The facial scan",
            "output": [
                "Which is the most accurate form of biometrics?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e7426ad65f7f4167bb681c2c0a37b731",
            "input": "Article: I had worked long and hard on this project. Knowing it was finally completed gave me great satisfaction. \"Perfect!\"I said \"Now, all I have to do is to keep the dogs off it.\"I went about setting . Up barriers using old fence, deck chairs, planters, and anything I could find so as to avoid footprints both on the oil paint and our carpet . It worked perfectly . Just before returning to the house and to a much needed shower, I took one last look at this fine work of art. \"What is that?\"I said. \"Where did that come from ?\" Clearly marked and evenly spaced across the entire area, the tiny marks ran in straight lines. .I carefully stepped to our flower garden. It was there I found several of the small markings. Now, almost frozen in place by this shocking discovery, I remained in position so as to prevent further damage to my work.. Just then, off to my left, it appeared. A chipmunk  . He was as surprised as I was . We stood there face to face looking at each other, wondering who would make the first move . The warm , humid air was now getting the best of me . Sweat now ran freely over my head, and in poor timing into my eyes . I reached up to rub them and when I opened my eyes he was gone . My only satisfaction was in thinking that when he returned home he tracked oily footprints into his own home . And , hoping he was married , his wife would not let him live it down for the rest of his life . I stood up, shook my head, laughing about it and walking into my house. Yes, I tracked oil on the carpet. I am married. My wife will not let me live it down for the rest of my life . \n Answer: Painting",
            "output": [
                "What was the project the author completed in the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-534ff8fac3514cae90fa5be867a6edfc",
            "input": "Article: The audience starts to scream and young people all over Britain turn on their TVs. Yes, it's Top of the pops! Top of the pops is an amazing 45-year-old programme. Pop stars from all over the world appear on this successful TV prograrmme. After about 2340 shows, it's still the most popular pop music show in Britain.So what's the secret? \"We get lots of bands to perform live in the studio,\" says producer Chris Cowey. \"That just doesn't happen on other shows\" Chris starts the preparations for the programme over a week before it goes out.His first job is to decide which bands to have on the show. When the chart of the top twenty songs is produced on Sunday, Chris can start to book the bands Monday starts with Chris meeting his sound, lighting and camera workers. They listen to each song and plan the show. Tuesday is paperwork day. There are bookings to make sure of, letters to answer and lots of phone calls to make. The show is on Thursday. Bands arrive at the studio from 10 o'clock in the morning and start practicing. Tonight's presenter, Jo Whiley, practises too First the bands go to make up. Judy and Issy are the make-up artists. \"We see the stars with no make-up on, looking terrible,\" says Issy. Then the bands go to the costume department where Marianne dresses the stars. Back in the studio things are happening. The audience is practising their dance moves! It takes over two hours to record the whole programme, then Chris edits it all night long. The final version is exactly 29 minutes long \n Answer: The live performances in the studio.",
            "output": [
                "What make (s) Top of the Pops the most popular in Britain?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4a9aed1737cb4ca88257a96c405ddab7",
            "input": "Article: George and Carol were medical students at the same college and, like many other college students, they enjoyed playing jokes on people. Both of them smoked, but they knew that their professor was strongly against it, because smoking was dangerous to one's health. One day they decided to play a joke on their professor.  At one of their medical lectures there was always a skeleton in the room so that the professor could show the students the different bones in the human body.  That afternoon, Carol and George put a cigarette in the mouth of the skeleton that was to be used for their next lecture.  When the professor came in, he began talking and then noticed the cigarette. He went up to the skeleton, took the cigarette out of its mouth and said,\" You really should give them up, old boy. Look what they're doing to you!\" \n Answer: Students should not learn from the skeleton to smoke.",
            "output": [
                "What do the professor's words mean ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fa26a3158fcb4f60a48332bb73f8c6fa",
            "input": "Article: How can you tell if someone's lying? The answer is, they're probably not. Traditional economics says that people are rational beings who will lie if it's to their advantage. A recent university study has shown that, actually, we're pretty honest  --especially when we're  at home. Researchers in Germany  phoned  people at home and asked them to toss  a coin. There was a strong  financial  incentive  to fake the result: if the coin landed tails-up, the participants  would receive money or a gift ticket, while if the coin landed heads-up, they would get nothing. Because they were  on the phone, they knew there was no risk of getting caught if they lied. And yet people told the truth.Over hundreds of tosses, a coin will land tails-up roughly 50% of the time. In this study 0ver half the people asked (55.6%) said that the coin landed heads-up, which meant they would receive nothing. Previous studies had found that people were more dishonest. In those laboratory studies, 75% of people reported a winning coin and claimed a reward. So the research team thinks it's being in our own homes which makes us play fair, although it's not yet clear why. In fact both types of study show people are surprisingly reliable. Even in the laboratory, 25% of people  turned down a reward by telling the truth. The researchers say this is because honesty is highly  valued in human society.We care about our  reputation and our sense of ourselves as respectable people. So lying has a psychological  cost and it seems this cost is more important than the financialbenefits of lying  . \n Answer: When it's to their advantage .",
            "output": [
                "When do people lie according to troditional economics?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-35ca4fdded1149d8ba2068021323bd89",
            "input": "Article: Category: Comedy Best known for his role on the Emmy award-winning sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond, Brad Garrett returns to his Vegas roots with his comedy club at the MGM Grand. It is a good place to check out when you need a break from work. Prices from: $56.40 and up Age restriction: Must be 21 years of age or older Show Length: 115 minutes MAC KING COMEDY MAGIC SHOW Category: Comedy, Magic Mac King Comedy Magic Show is different every afternoon, with lots of audience participation. He is willing to make fun of himself instead of his guests in order to make everyone feel welcome and entertained. The afternoon is kid-friendly from start to finish. Still, whether you're eight or 80, you won't be able to figure out King's secrets. Prices from: $40.90 and up Age restriction: No age restriction Show Length: 90 minutes THE MENTALIST, GERRY MCCAMBRIDGE Category: Comedy, Magic Using his skills as a \"mentalist\", Gerry McCambridge shocks the crowds as he uses his abilities to predict just what audience members will do next. Anyone who has seen the show has walked away in disbelief, amazed by his unusual power. Prices from: $34.99 and up Age restriction: Under 13 will not be admitted into the theater Show Length: 75 minutes ROCK OF AGES Category: Plays & Musicals The cheerful Rock of Ages brings audiences back to the times of big hair and even bigger bands with 28 popular rock songs from the 80s including \"Every Rose Has Its Thorn,\" \"I Wanna Know What Love Is,\" \"Here I Go Again,\" and more. Rock of Ages has been nominated for five Tony Awards including Best Musical and Best Direction of a Musical. It also received a Drama League nomination for Distinguished Production for a Musical. Prices from: $74.00 and up Age restriction: Must be 15 years of age or older Show Length: 125 minutes \n Answer: Gerry McCambridge.",
            "output": [
                "Who is most likely to be able to read audiences' minds?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-48f35259afed412da3471cd4ab333c98",
            "input": "Article: It's often true that jobs for students sometimes lead to employment after graduation, so it's a good idea to think carefully before you begin working during your college years. During my entire college life I worked as a  . I have to say that I really enjoyed that job, and was fond of the idea of making money without doing too much work. I also had the opportunity to ( ) while working. I came to be known among the upper class, and gradually became popular on campus because of my job. However, working as a bartender can have the side that people tend to think that you enjoy drinking. All in all, I wish I had thought more carefully before deciding to take that job. I got a  in English, qualifying(***) me to work as a writer, but so far I have only been able to use the skills I learned from that part-time job. It would be different if I had searched for jobs related to writing or editing  instead of bartending. It's commonly accepted that employment for students is only  ,but we should never forget that it can connect to the work we get after we graduate. After all, employers not only look at the degree, but also your previous experience. So before getting a part-time job while you're at school, consider what you want to do for the rest of your life. \n Answer: He made connect with many people.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is a benefit of working as a bartender for the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-612422527a234fa5ae3ab77f26c21487",
            "input": "Article: If you think by examining someone's facial expressions you can judge if he has good or bad luck in the stock market, think again. A study published in the journal, Science, has shown that body language provides a better signal in judging whether the observed subject has just gone through an intensely positive or negative experience. To test highly intense faces, Dr. Hillel Aviezer and his colleagues presented test groups with photos of dozens of highly intense facial expressions in real-life situations. In one study, they compared emotional expressions of professional tennis players winning or losing a point. To discover exactly how people view images, the researchers showed different editions of the pictures to three groups of participants: 1 ) the full picture with the face and body;2) the body with the face removed; 3) the face with the body removed. Remarkably, participants could easily pick the losers from winners when they judged by the full picture or the body alone, but they only had a 50:50 chance of being right when judging by the face alone. Strangely, the participants .who viewed the full image believed that it was the face, not the body, that revealed the person's emotions. In an additional study, the researchers performed the same series of tests, asking viewers to examine a wider range of real-life intense faces. Again, viewers were unable to tell faces in positive situations from negative situations. The researchers also \"planted\" faces on bodies expressing positive or negative emotions. Sure enough, the researchers discovered that the emotion of the same face on different bodies was determined by the body on which it appeared. \"These results show that when emotions become extremely intense, the difference between positive and negative facial expressions no longer seems clear,\" says Aviezer. \"The findings challenge classic behavioral models, in which the boundary between positive and negative emotions is clear.\" Aviezer adds, \"The results may help researchers understand how body and facial expressions interact during emotional situations. For example, individuals with autism  may fail to recognize facial expressions, but if trained to read important body language signs, their performance may significantly improve.\" \n Answer: The participants were divided into three groups.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the first study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4e258c518c0483a938eba12078aaa97",
            "input": "Article: Former South African president Nelson Mandela died on 6 December 2013 Beijing time .President Jacob Zuma announced it in a televised speech to the nation. He was 95. Those 95 years were remarkable. At the age of seven, he entered a local school, where he was given the name \"Nelson\", after Admiral Horatio Nelson of the Royal Navy, by a teacher who had difficulty in pronouncing his African 'name. That name, Rolihlahla , means  \"troublemaker\" . In 1927, when Mandela was nine, he decided to become a lawyer, influenced by the cases that came on his father. In 1942 Mandela entered politics by joining the African National Congress (ANC), South Africa's major liberation movement and today the country's ruling party. It was during this time that he and a small group of mainly young members of the ANC got down to a task transforming the party into a mass movement. In 1952, he was charged and brought to trial for his role in the campaign of fighting against Unjust Laws and given a prison sentence. The 1950s turned out to be a time of hardship and suffering for Mandela-he was banned, arrested and imprisoned.    While in prison, Mandela studied by correspondence with the University of London, earning a Bachelor of Law degree. He never faced with his teachers, but his name was familiar to all the teachers by means of his writing letters.    After spending 27 years in prison, Mandela became South Africa's first democratically elected president in 1994. He united a fearful country, bringing together blacks and whites in harmony When South Africa was living through violent and troubled times. After serving a five year term as president of the country, he retired from public life, though not from the public eye.     He is the greatest son of the nation and a great father of his people. More than l, 115 awards and honors, even the Nobel Peace Prize had been on him. More than 85 streets, roads, avenues, bridges, highways had been named after Mandela. \n Answer: Because his original name was hard for the teacher to pronounce.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the teacher give Mandela the name \"Nelson\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-915edc41d1744a52933734bca7be655d",
            "input": "Article: There's a dark little joke: Rip Van Winkle awakens in the 21st century after a hundred-year sleep. Men and women dash about, talking to small metal devices. Young people sit on sofas, moving miniature athletes around on electronic screens. Airports, hospitals, shopping malls-- every place Rip goes just puzzles him. But when he finally walks into a schoolroom, the old man knows exactly where he is. \"This is a school,\" he declares. \"We used to have these black in 1906. Only now the blackboards are green.\" American schools aren't exactly frozen in time, but considering the pace of change in other areas of life, our public schools tend to feel like throwbacks. Kids spend much of the day as their great-grandparents once did: sitting in rows, listening to teachers lecture, scribbling notes by hand, reading textbooks that are out of date. A yawning chasm separates the world inside the schoolhouse from the world outside. The national conversation on education has long focused on reading scores, math tests and closing the \"achievement gap\". This is not a story about that conversation. This is a story about the big public conversation the nation is not having about education, the one that will ultimately determine whether an entire generation of kids will fail to make the grade in the global economy because they can't think their way through abstract problems, work in teams or speak a language other than English. This week the conversation will burst onto the front page, when the NCSAW releases a blueprint for rethinking American education from pre-K to 12 and beyond to better prepare students  _ in the global economy. While that report includes some debatable proposals, there is a remarkable agreement among educators and business and policy leaders on one key conclusion: we need to bring what we teach and how we teach into the 21st century. Today's economy demands not only a high-level competence in the traditional academic disciplines but also what might be called 21st-century skills. \n Answer: They are almost separated from the outside world.",
            "output": [
                "What is the writer's general impression of American school children?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f361bdef1c1147ada16ab89282cbaba3",
            "input": "Article: My third year of high school has just started.But despite the fact that my school is beautiful,I still wish that I were back in China. You would think that by my third year of boarding school,I would be completely comfortable with going to school in America.I am delighted to see my American friends of course,and Hotchkiss is a warm place,but boarding school will never be home,the place that I love with all my heart. If you are thinking about leaving home to study abroad,please don't be worried!I get worse homesickness than other people.Most of my friends handle it much better than me. However,I miss my family terribly and Hong Kong.The 12hour time difference between Hong Kong and Connecticut makes it difficult for me to talk to my family or friends.And even if I could reach them,I have always found it hard to explain how I feel. But I do have a few friends who left Hong Kong as well and talking to them always lifts my mood  .They know what it is like to leave everything they know behind.Between us we share many memories of the times we had in Hong Kong.By talking to friends who have also gone abroad,I can get _ by.It's a break from talking to the friends at boarding school that I spend all my time with. \n Answer: How the author deals with her/his homesickness.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f10334fe81464d8f9b3a7ccf9969a6df",
            "input": "Article: Zambia is a country in southern Africa. More than half of the population is very poor, and companies pay people very little money for their work. One woman named Sylvia Banda had a dream to become a successful businesswoman and build her own brand  . So, after finishing high school, Banda went to college to learn how to start a food company. She studied hard and spent her free time coming up with ways to make money, including making food and selling it to friends. In 1987, when Banda was 24 years old, she decided to start her own restaurant. She borrowed a room and used food, and pans from her own kitchen. The first day, her restaurant did not have any chairs or tables, but she was able to sell all of the food that she had made. After counting the money, she was surprised that she had made more in one day than most people make in one month. From that small restaurant, Banda built a large company called the Sylva Group. It now has hundreds of people working for it and is worth over a million dollars. Besides restaurants, the company has now built hotels and a college in Zambia, and it also sells many kinds of packaged   foods. After reaching her goal   of starting her own business and becoming rich, Banda decided to work to improve the lives of other Zambians. She does this in a number of ways. For one, her restaurants use vegetables and other products   made in Zambia, and by doing so, Banda can support the farmers. Her college also teaches farmers ways to make their farms better, which helps them make more money. The college also helps young Zambians get skills to start their own businesses. Through hard work, Banda has been able to improve both her life and her country. \n Answer: To realize her dream of becoming a businesswoman.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Sylvia Banda go to college?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2dff5747f4b4573889631194a866ace",
            "input": "Article: Why jump with us? We are the only skydive centre in Byron Bay - Australia's most easterly point. Get a bird's-eye view and experience the magic of Byron Bay from 14,000 feet! With Skydive Byron Bay. We have the most experienced staff and the best safety record in Australia. We welcome fun jumpers from around the world. We offer the AFF (Accelerated Freefall) course for people who want to learn to skydive solo  . We have the best videos, the best views over Byron Bay and the best prices. Owner and chief instructor, Ray Palmer, has done over 11,500 jumps and has represented Australia in the world championships 7 times! He was the original skydiver from the Coca Cola Skysurfing commercial   in 1991. So for Byron's original and most experienced skydive centre, come and see us! Tyagarah Airport  Phone: (02) 6684 1323 PO Box 1615   Fax: (02) 6684 6323 Byron Bay NSW 2481  Free call: 1800 800 840 Australia   info@skydivebyronbay.com JUMP THE BAY Incredible! Words can never describe how brilliant it is! The staff were great, easy to talk to and made it more awesome than I could have imagined. Thank you for the BEST experience of my life!--Kylie, UK Make sure you go with these guys at Byron Bay. The whole experience was FANTASTIC! The sky was awesome! The staff were tremendous! The view was incredible and the video, something to treasure!--Grace, Australia \n Answer: The safety of skydivers.",
            "output": [
                "What is the advantage of Skydive Byron Bay?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c76f2d524ff440818f4748170731b574",
            "input": "Article: There are a great number of people in the world while few people are great.I think there is probably only one great person out of 10,000 at best,and most probably much less than that. The reason why there are only few of them is that most people do not pay the price of greatness.There are so many people who want to be great,why only very few of them actually pay the price? The answer to the question explains the difference between the almost 100% people who want to be great and the much less than 0.01% who actually be so.The reason is that the road to greatness is full of pains. Greatness requires sacrifices and there is no sacrifice without pain.The kind of sacrifices required for greatness is the ones that make the process continuously painful for long time.If you only want to be good it may be painful just every now and then,and many people can still handle it.But being great is a total difference.The pain is much deeper and it is continuous,so very few people can endure this kind of pain.Most people naturally choose things that bring pleasures to them.It's unnatural to choose pain over pleasure,let alone doing it continuously for long time.But that's what I believe is the secret to greatness: The secret to greatness is choosing pain over pleasures continuously for long time. \n Answer: Occasional pains.",
            "output": [
                "If one person only wants to be good,what will he/she face?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-38df6ef4f4844251b9c9b53a81acb4cc",
            "input": "Article: On April 24th, another natural disaster-the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, happened. Millions of dollars have been used to help stop the spill and to clean up the animals, beaches, and land spoiled by the oil. Unfortunately, when many of these chemicals are used, more damage is caused to the environment, especially to lives in the sea. But governments seem to accept the _ of transporting mil-lions of tons of oil by ship every day so that we can fill up our cars and drive around and cause even more environmental damage. Interestingly, the biggest companies in the world produce cars, and the next biggest supply the gasoline to make them run. Of all of today's environmental disasters, an oil spill may actually be one of the least serious. Although oil is poisonous, it is a natural material. In the end, it breaks down naturally. In 1967 the tanker Torrey Canyon sank off the Scilly Isles near the coast of England and spilled 120,000 tons of oil into the ocean. If you go there today, you will find it hard to see any sign that it ever happened. However, we should be thinking more about reducing our dependency on oil. Governments should be encouraging research into new technologies, such as cars run by solar power, electricity, hydro-gen, and so on. Much of this research, in the past, was stopped by the oil, gas, and coal. If the world's millions of cars were 10% more efficient  ,we would need many fewer tankers crossing the oceans each year. If this happened, the risks of oil spills would be reduced, and the air we breathe would be cleaner and fresher, too. \n Answer: Oil spills pollution.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly talking about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3875941368034b41920608f988255749",
            "input": "Article: While I was having dinner with a well-known author and lecturer, our conversation drifted to money. \"I have enough money,\" he told me casually. \"I don't need any more money.\" \"Of course you can say that,\" I thought to myself. \"You get fifteen thousand dollars for a lecture.\" Then I caught my thought process, and pondered more deeply on his statement. Is he satisfied because he has a lot of money, or does he have a lot of money because he chooses to be satisfied?  _ So is enoughness something that happens to us when we reach a certain level, or is it an experience we can choose and celebrate at any time? My friends Adrian and Carey live in a humble cottage in the rainforest. They have quite a modest income, no telephone, and they walk around naked most of the time. I think they are the happiest people I know. They wake up with the sun, love each other very much, and welcome guests with a full and open heart. They appreciate every moment of their lives, have no distraction games going, and are not waiting for the big break around the corner. When I am with them, the predominant feeling I have is, \"It's all right here--why would anyone want anything more?\" Ram Dass used to say, \"There are three kinds of people in the world: those who say, 'Too much!'; those who say, 'Not enough!'; and those who say, \"Ah, just right!'\"; Since \"too much\" of one thing implies \"not enough\" of another, there are really only two approaches to life: lack or contentment. \n Answer: They live a very happy life.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think of Adrian and Carey's life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c349306dff8f4a1c98c1933486087f0b",
            "input": "Article: The universe looks like a pretty quiet place to live. But the universe is filled with dangerous things, all struggling to be the one to wipe us off the planet. Happily for us, they're all pretty unlikely, but if you wait long enough, one of them is certain to get us. But which one? 1. Death by Asteroid   Of all the ways we might meet our untimely death, getting wiped out by an asteroid is the most likely. Why? Because we sit in a universal shooting gallery, with 100 tons of material hitting us every day. The problem, though, occurs every few centuries when something big this way comes. If you could ask a dinosaur, I'd imagine they would tell you to take _ seriously. 2. Death by Exploding Star When a huge star ends its life, it does so with a bang, which sends death spreading across space in the form of high-energy radiation. Many studies show that the bang would have to be closer than about 75 light years to do us any harm. The good news: no stars so close are able to do the deed. 3. Death by Dying Sun The sun is important to us; without it, we'd freeze. But the sun is also middle-aged, already halfway to running out of fuel, expanding into a red giant, and cooking us to a fine crisp. Even long before then, it'll warm up enough to raise our average temperature and cause a runaway greenhouse effect, boiling our oceans. Happily, that's a long time from now. 4. Death by Black Hole Black holes are misunderstood. They don't wander the galaxy looking for tasty snacks in the form of planets and stars; they turn around the Milky Way just like the hundreds of billions of other stars do. But it's possible that one could wander too close to us. If it did, planetary paths would be disturbed, causing the Earth to drop into the sun or be thrown out into deep space. Given that it could be trillions of years or more before even that happens, we don't have to worry too much about black holes. My advice? Go outside, look up, enjoy the sun, the moon, and the stars. They may be there forever as far as any one of us is concerned...and forever is a long, long time. \n Answer: The dying sun.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following will cause the earth's average temperature to go up dramatically?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ca5cd2f2968b4a74bfc037ee67970c7c",
            "input": "Article: About ten years ago when I was an undergraduate in college in New York, I was working as a practice student at my University's Museum of Natural History. One day while I was working at the cash register in the gift shop, I saw an elderly couple come in with a little girl in wheelchair. As I looked closer at this girl, I saw that she was seated on her chair. I then realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and the trunk of the human body. She was wearing a little white dress with the patterns of red roses and yellow dots. As the couple wheeled her up to me I was looking down at the register. I turned my head toward the girl and gave her a wink . As I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the most beautiful, largest smile I have ever seen All of a sudden her _ was gone and all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me and almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. I immediately felt full of hope and confidence. She took me, a poor, unhappy college student, into her world, a world of smiles, love and warmth. That was ten years ago, but I still remember it clearly as if it happened just yesterday. I'm a successful business person now and whenever I get down and think about the troubles of the world, I think about that little girl and the remarkable lesson about life that she taught me. \n Answer: A university student who had not yet taken a degree.",
            "output": [
                "What was the writer a decade ago?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-61b3f3664a1943c7a4d8b97c07266ff7",
            "input": "Article: A Guide To use or protect all kinds of facilities in the library, follow the procedures given at the circulation desk. Group Study Rooms(2F) Students and teaching staff can use these rooms for group study. Students are advised to use unlocked rooms(4 rooms for 2 people, 3 rooms for 4 people) available for free. When you use locked rooms(2 rooms for 4 people, 2 rooms for 10 people), you need to go through reservation procedures at the circulation desk. These rooms are available for group discussion. Individual Reading Rooms(1-3F) There are 4 single rooms available for use by teaching staff and visiting scholars. Each room is equipped with a computer together 1 printer and 6 scanners. Reservation of these rooms is available for a period up to seven days on end. Meeting Rooms and Seminar Rooms(1-3F) Only teaching staff and graduate students can apply to use these rooms and reserve them one day in advance. The total number of seats is 40. They are available for workshops and small seminars. Computer Rooms(4F) These rooms are available for classes or seminars and so on. The total number of seats is 88. Only teaching staff can apply to use the computer rooms and reserve them one day in advance. \n Answer: Seven",
            "output": [
                "How many locked rooms can students and teaching staff use?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19a05b5b88e84c99a2218d771e1e08d1",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever made contact with the creative spirit, that certain something hard to describe, but full of good--and sometimes great--ideas? It is more than an occasional great thought. When we feel the moving of the creative spirit, it brings to life a style of being: a lifetime filled with the desire to invent, to explore new ways of doing things, and to turn dreams into reality. That flash of inspiration is the final moment of a process marked by unique stages--the basic steps in creative problem-solving. The first stage is preparation, when you look for any information that might be important. It's when you let your imagination run free. But one barrier  is the inside voice of judgment that locks up our creative spirit within the limits of what we think acceptable. It's the voice that whispers to you, \"They'll think I'm foolish,\" or \"That will never work.\" But we can learn to recognize this voice of judgment and have the courage to discount its unhelpful advice. Once you have thought about all the relevant  pieces and pushed your mind to the limits, you can let the problem remain and take in all you have gathered. It's a stage when much of what goes on occurs outside your focused awareness. As the saying goes, \"You sleep on it.\" We are more open to creative thoughts from the unknowing mind when we are not really thinking of anything. That is why daydreams are so useful in the search for creativity. Anytime you can just daydream and relax is useful in the creative process: a shower, long drives, a quiet walk, etc. With luck, daydreaming will lead to a light turning on above your head, when all of a sudden the answer will come to you as if from nowhere. This is the popular stage--the one that usually gets all the glory and attention, the moment that people sweat and long for, the feeling \"This is it!\" But the thought alone is still not a creative act. The final stage is translation, when you take your creative thought and transform it into action; it becomes useful to you and others. \n Answer: Thinking about too many ideas at the same time.",
            "output": [
                "According to the article, what keeps us from creativity?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cf716bb919b74bc6b6340c100b81402a",
            "input": "Article: Having a teenager at home can be a real headache. Many teenagers smoke, drink and even fight. They often do something dangerous. Earlier studies have shown that teenagers are more likely   to make _ decisions than people from any other age group, including children and adults. Is it that teenagers are too young to tell right from wrong? Not really. So what's the reason? According to Laurence, a teacher from a US university, the reason is that teenagers care a lot about how their peers   view them--that is \"peer influence\". As children enter their teenage years, they spend more time with their friends and classmates, and also they care more about what they think of them. This makes teenagers make decisions without thinking about the costs. In a test, a group of teenagers were asked to play a video driving game. When they played with their friends watching around them, they took more chances and drove more carelessly because that would increase their possibility of winning. But when they played alone, they drove more safely. Why do peers have such a big influence on teens' behavior? As Laurence sees it, a teenager's brain is like a car with a good accelerator   but a weak brake  . The \"accelerator\" is fully developed by teenage years while the \"brake\" is still not fully developed. When teenagers are watched by their peers, they usually push hard on the accelerator. With their weak brake, it is likely that they are going to end up in an accident. But the good news is that a violent  teenager doesn't necessarily become a violent adult. About two-thirds to three-quarters of violent youth grow out of it. \"They get more self-controlled.\" \n Answer: They care a lot about what their peers think of them.",
            "output": [
                "Why are teenagers likely to make wrong decisions according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb3d717e3a1946feb6bd0e7162c8314b",
            "input": "Article: The Kyoto Protocol is a plan created by the United Nations for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.The plan aims to reduce the amount of industrial gases released into the environment.Some scientists say carbon dioxide and other industrial gases are to blame for climate change around the world.The scientists say such gases build up in the atmosphere and trap heat below.They say this results in increasing temperatures and rising sea levels. The plan is called the Kyoto Protocol because it was negotiated in Kyoto,Japan in December,1997.The goal of the agreement is to reduce the amount of emissions --industrial gases released to below the levels of 1990. Nations responsible for at least 55%of the world's industrial carbon dioxide emissions had to approve the agreement before it could go into effect.The European Union and many other industrial nations quickly approved the Kyoto Protocol.They receive credit for their own emissions if they invest in cleaned technologies in developing nations.Developing nations do not have to meet the emissions requirements of the agreement. The United States produced 36%of the world's carbon dioxide emissions in 1999.But the United States refused to approve the Kyoto Protocol.Before the Protocol was negotiated,the United States Senate voted that any treaty harmful to the economy of the United States could not be signed.President Bush has said that he supports the general idea of the treaty but will not send the treaty to the Senate for approval.Mr. Bush said that the agreement sets unfair differences between industrial and developing nations.He also said that the treaty could cause some Americans to lose their jobs. After the United States rejected the Kyoto Protocol,approval by Russia was necessary for the agreement to come into effect.Russia approved the Protocol in November,2004 and the Kyoto Protocol went into effect on February 16th,2005.157 countries have approved the agreement. \n Answer: Nearly 15 years.",
            "output": [
                "How many years was the Kyoto Protocol negotiated before its coming into effect?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7082144d9a55416297de319edc719dbc",
            "input": "Article: Just weeks after a special memorial voyage to mark the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic, an Australian billionaire has announced plans to build an exact replica  of the Titanic, which is just as similar to the original one as possible. The Titanic replica will make its first voyage from Southampton, England to New York in 2016. The Titanic is a famous ship that sank in 1912. The attractive story of the ocean liner  has made millions of people interested in it around the world. It was believed to be an unsinkable ship but it hit an iceberg and sank on its first voyage. More than 1,500 people died in the sinking of the Titanic, which at the time was the world's largest and most luxurious ocean liner. When fully built, the Titanic II will be 270 meters (886 feet) long and capable of holding 1,680 passengers. Unlike the original Titanic which was powered by coal-fired boiler and steam engines, the Titanic II will have modern diesel  and electric engines. Also unlike the first Titanic, the Titanic II will have more than enough lifeboats to accommodate everyone on board if something should go wrong. When asked whether the new replica would sink, Mr. Palmer replied: \"Of course it will sink if you put a hole in it. He also added \"It will be designed as a modern ship with all the technology to ensure that doesn't happen.\" When Mr. Palmer was asked if he expected hisTitanic to be successful, he simply said: \"At my age, you don't really worry so much about whether you'll make money or lose money on something, but I believe that it is worth building it.\" \n Answer: Not clearly talked about in the passage.",
            "output": [
                "Why is the Titanic replica being built?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-02c752dca083401595a4ef773a36a57b",
            "input": "Article: Sarah Outland's weeklong \"staycation\" gave her a chance to explore her new surroundings after moving to Chicago. A day after moving to the Windy City last year, Outland started a new job and never got a chance to explore her new surroundings. After nine months as a resident, she finally took a week off work to visit famous landmarks, museums and shopping centers that were right under her nose. If you glance through a newspaper or listen to a news broadcast recently, you may hear or spot a strange word, \"staycation\". Staycation is a new word the American press is employing to describe a vacation very close to your home, or simply staying at home during your vacation. It is a combination of words \"stay\"and \"vacation\". According to many news reports, these staycations are achieving great popularity among American families this year. When asked about the reason for their expected staycation, respondents stated \"gas prices are too high\" (61 percent), \"travel in general is too expensive (44 percent). The high price of gas for cars and airplanes has made it very expensive for Americans to travel compared to past years. When you combine this with the weak American dollar, it all adds up to people deciding to stay close to home during their traditional summer vacations. For aggressive young Americans who are trying to balance family and work, a staycation can be a great concept. They want to enjoy their homes and the attractions in their area without the stress of packing or making reservation. They won't be paying high fuel prices either directly, at the pump, or indirectly, in airfare, other than the gas required to drive around town. Absolutely, it's friendlier on the environment when locals take trips to attractions in their own area, and not everyone is game for a vacation that involves staying on a hotel compound. Few people live close enough to a real destination to make this worth their while. \n Answer: Nine months",
            "output": [
                "How long after moving to Chicago did Sarah Outland take a staycation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e49f5a7cd3d04032a16d8fc24de1138c",
            "input": "Article: Now let's talk about doing well by doing good--many people who have ever been volunteers for the community find their place in relative jobs or even make their way to be corporate leaders. Consider the case of Kimberly Mulcahy. Throughout her career, Mulcahy has actively volunteered in her community, profession and industry. Though she put in long hours as Vice President at a Fortune 500 company, she also found time to professional and community organizations. Then last year, the unexpected thing happened. The company where she'd worked for more than 20 years was bought out and she was laid off. On hearing the news, those who she served were quick not only to offer her support--but actual jobs! In the end, Mulcahy was hired by a PR agency--she used to work as a director of her industry association. And she brought with her several accounts based on relationships she had formed through volunteering. Volunteering was a godsend to Todd, who has been a mid-level manager at the same company for many years. After he was out of work, he felt old and disappointed. But Todd knew he needed a change. Todd became involved in community service. He joined his town's volunteer fire department and was soon appointed to the finance committee. Sometimes volunteering helps you bring passion to your work, other times it can turn your life's passion into your work. Cape Cod Baseball League President Judy Scarafile is a registered pharmacist whose love of the game led her to volunteered as league publicist , secretary and deputy commissioner woman to hold the top post. Whether you are to enter the workforce, build your resume, or follow your passion, volunteering is good for the soul and the career. \n Answer: Mulcahy becomes a famous football player.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true about Mulcahy according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d6ee590b002d42ff8eeddd3bb885fd7e",
            "input": "Article: Findley Lake, New York is a small beautiful village that sells itself as a holiday place for all seasons. The Findley Lake Area Chamber of Commerce   supports a number of events all the year round that begin in March. At Findley Lake during the summer, there is boating, fishing and water sport activities. You can watch a boat parade   and a fireworks display   at the Findley Lake 4thof July boat parade. The \"Harvest Festival\" and October's \"Autumn at the Lake\" show that fall season is coming. In November, Findley Lake's \"Christmas through the Village\" starts off the holiday shopping season. Shopping at Findley Lake is a wonderful experience. It is easy to walk along Main Street and visit all the shops. There are over twenty shops that sell different kinds of gifts. Some of the special shops are the candle making factory, the year-round Christmas shop, and the Victorian shop. At the center of Findley Lake is the Blue Heron Inn which is a pleasant place to stay in. Breakfasts, lunches and dinners are open to the public and the meals are delicious. Dine outside on the porch looking down the lake or inside the comfortable dining rooms. Take time to shop at their store, Nostalgia, for unique items. As you walk around town, you can see a working waterwheel. If you have an interest in history, stop and visit the World War II Museum as well.  The Village of Findley Lake offers something for everyone. It is a fantastic way to spend an afternoon. With year-round shopping and delicious dining at the Blue Heron Inn while looking down at the beautiful view of the lake, it is certain to please the visitors to this attractive village. \n Answer: In summer.",
            "output": [
                "When can you see a fireworks display in Findley Lake?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1c21d712b7b34028915a71fd9a2576e5",
            "input": "Article: Hemingway(1898~1961) was born in Illinois. His family took him, as a boy, hunting and fishing trips and so made him know early the kinds of virtues, such as courage and endurance  , which were later shown in his stories. After high school, he worked as a newspaper reporter and then went abroad to take part in World War I. After the war, he lived for several years in Paris. It was not long before he began publishing remarkable short stories. In the year he left Paris he published the powerful novel The Sun Also Rises. His subjects were often war and its effects on people, or contests, such as hunting or bullfighting, which demand endurance and courage. Hemingway's style of writing is striking. His sentences are short, his words are simple, yet they are often filled with feelings. A careful reading can show us, further more, that we see how the action of his stories continue during the silence, during the times his character say nothing. This action is often full of meaning. There are times when the most powerful effect comes from restraint . Such times happen often in Hemingway's writings. He perfected the art of expressing excitement with few words. \n Answer: The Old Man and the Sea.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following was written by Hemingway?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e1448236cdd4a52a05f71bcb1dad828",
            "input": "Article: However important we may regard school life to be, we can't ignore the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore the great influence of parents can't be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong supports of the school or they can consciously or unconsciously prevent the school from accomplishing its aims. Administrators have been aware of the need to _ the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program and developmental math. Moreover, the classroom teacher can also play an important role in explaining to parents what they should do. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils' progress, can significantly aid the interchanged of ideas between school and home. Suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent change his method. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing he family budget, buying the food, using a measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis. If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in math and at the same time, enjoying the work. Too often, however, teachers' conferences with parents are devoted to unimportant accounts of children's wrongdoing, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestions for punishments and rewards at home. What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional advisor, plants ideas in parents' minds for the best use of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters' competence. \n Answer: To help develop good communication between school and home.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the schools' informal tea and interviews?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ba7807298fd405b8cec8b9113a84723",
            "input": "Article: On December 26, a ten-year-old British schoolgirl, Tilly Smith, felt that something was wrong while she was on the beach with her family. Her mind kept going back to the geography lesson Mr. Kearney gave just two weeks before she flew to Thailand with her family.  \"The water was swelling and kept coming in,\" said Tilly's mother. \"There was froth on it like you get on the top of a beer.\" The Smiths were celebrating Christmas at Maikhao Beach in southern Thailand. Deadly tsunami waves were already on their way. There had been an earthquake not far away earlier that morning.  The beach was getting smaller and smaller. Tilly's parents felt strange but they didn't know what was happening. Then Tilly said she'd just studied this at school. She told her parents that a tsunami was coming. In the end she screamed at everyone to get off the beach. Tilly's parents even didn't know what a tsunami was. Seeing their daughter so frightened, they thought that something serious must have been happening. Her parents soon took her and her seven-year-old sister back to the hotel. Many other tourists also left the beach with them. The family stayed on the third floor of their hotel. Fortunately, the hotel wasn't destroyed during the tsunami. Tilly's mother said that if they had stayed on the beach, they wouldn't have survived.  After the disaster, the Smiths met people from nearby resorts who had lost their whole families. More than 100 people were saved because of Tilly's warning. \n Answer: A Ten-year-old Heroine",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-74cd72e3c09146e58c48559d3412b16f",
            "input": "Article: A Healthy Habits Survey shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice. 1.How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday? *Finding:A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day. *Step:Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day. 2.How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday? *Finding:Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30%wash their hands only 4 times a day-half of the number doctors recommend. *Step:We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day-often inviting germs to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes.Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds. 3. How often do you think about fighting germs? *Finding:Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should. *Step:Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for  10 seconds. \n Answer: About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day",
            "output": [
                "What is found out about    American seniors?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9b0ce9b2fe5470a90b0cb182558303e",
            "input": "Article: When Dawn Bonfield, the former chief executive of the Women's Engineering Society, ran a stand recently at a big military air show, she was in for a shock. There were around 900 _ among the crowd and Ms Bonfield says, \"I'm saying to all these girls, 'Do you know about engineering, would you like to be an engineer, have you thought about engineering?' And in the whole day... probably five or six of them said yes. Every other one said no, just straight out no.\" What surprised her most, she says, is that it wasn't that these eight and nine-year-old girls didn't know what engineering was. Simply that they had already switched off. They had lost interest in engineering. \"So how much work does it take to change that?\" asks Ms Bonfield. \"I mean it's huge.\" There's no shortage of data to back up her estimation of the scale of work required. The latest figures from the Office for National Statistics show that women make up around just 8% of engineers in the UK. And this is at a time when the UK needs to produce thousands more engineers, so much so that the inventor, Sir James Dyson, is planning to open his own instituteto address the skills shortage. Not enough female role models is well documented as a reason why girls don't choose engineering. The attitude of parents was also an important factor in career choices. For girls, perhaps unsurprisingly, mothers were particularly influential. \"My mum was a bit iffy about it at first because she was more like, 'Girls should do this and that and the other,' more like 'keep your posture up and be ladylike',\" says middle school student Hannah. \"But my dad used to build a lot of stuff and he got me into that. So after my mum saw how me and my dad interacted she said, 'Yeah, go for it' and she's kind of the one who supported me with this.\" \n Answer: To show the shortage of girls in engineering.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's purpose in writing the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5e880e1cd46e48a18bb8c7c906702149",
            "input": "Article: Theangelshavefinallybeenconnectedtogether andthebowshaveallbeencarefully fixed across the branches.After three months of hard work, 16-year-old Suzy Jordan's tree is finally appearing at the yearly Festival of Trees in honor of her best friend, Emily Austin. \"All that's needed now is a real angel,\"says Suzy,\"to help 13-year-old Emily recover from a recent bone marrow transplant and finally remove the leukemia \" \"Emily is the strongest person I know.There's always such brightness about her,\"says Suzy,a student ar Orem High School. Last year,when Emily's cancer was _ ,she helped Suzy and other students decorate a red-and-white Christmas tree for Primary Children's Medical Center at the Festival of Trees. \"It was so much fun for her,\"says Emily's mother, Laurie,\"she's seen the inside of the hospital more than a school since she was 5\". But the good conditions didn't last long.In August, Suzy learned that her friend's leukemia returned, becoming worse.And she knew exactly what to do show her support. \"Emily was so excited about helping out with the festival tree last year that I decided to surprise her by giving away a tree of my own,\"she says. Because of being in hospital, Emily won't be able to see the tree.\"But I'm taking pictures to surprise her,\"says Suzy.\"I want her to know that she'll always be an angel to me.\" Suzy's tree has given Emily's family hope for a miracle .\"It has given Emily hope that she has a chance to be a normal girl and do all the things other girls do,\"says Laurie Austin. Suzy's greatest hope is that she'll be able to give away more trees to the festival, with one big difference.\"The best wish of all,\"she says,\"is that Emily will be there with me, putting on the decoration.\" \n Answer: A christmas tree gives hope for a miracle",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c7c92fd7a1ef40c8bb3451521bb9f9fc",
            "input": "Article: My husband had just bought a new washing machine for me. I decided to use it the other day and I washed a lot of things. Everything worked well, but I found one of my husband's socks missing. I looked everywhere for it, but I couldn't find it anywhere. The next morning, I got ready for school as usual. When the bell rang, the students came in, I greeted them and told them what we were going to do that day. When I turned around to write on the blackboard, the class burst out laughing. They laughed and laughed. They laughed so much, in fact, that I was afraid the headmaster would be in and see all this. I asked the class to stop, but the more I talked, the more they laughed. I decided to pay no attention to them and continued to write on the blackboard. When I did this, they laughed even more. Finally, the teacher who was in the next room came in to see what all the laughter was about. When he came in, he started laughing, too! \"Good heavens,\" I said. \"Will someone please tell me what is so funny?\" \"Oh, God,\" said the teacher. \"You have a brown sock stuck to the back of your skirt!\" So that's how I found my husband's missing sock. \"Oh, well,\" I said to the class,\" Let's just say you have had an unforgettable lesson on static electricity .\" \n Answer: A headmaster",
            "output": [
                "What was the writer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7abc82497fd14e82b8c646674efc82d5",
            "input": "Article: There were three brothers. They each decided to find a precious treasure and meet a year later. One year later, the three brothers gathered again. They each _ the treasure they had. The oldest brother brought a telescope. \"I found a telescope which can see far away.\" The second brother brought a flying carpet.\" I found a flying carpet that can be anywhere.\" The third brother said.\" I found an apple that cures all diseases.\" The brothers were amazed at the treasures they found. \"Let's see what we can do with our treasures now.\" The brothers all nodded. The oldest brother looked through his telescope and saw a palace in the distance. A princess was lying in bed sick. The second opened his carpet and said. \"Let's ride this carpet and go to the palace.\" The three brothers went to the palace on the flying carpet to save the sick princess. The three brothers met the king and told him why they had come. The king said. \"If you cure the princess, I will let one of you marry the princess.\" The youngest brother gave the princess the apple he found. The princess had been sick for a long time, but with one bite of the apple, she was cured. The king hugged the princess with joy. \"Okay, as promised, one of you can marry the princess.\" The brothers each wanted the other to marry the princess. No matter how pretty and princess was, the brothers thought their loyalty was more important. The king was moved and gave them gold and silver and high positions. The three brothers lived happily ever after. \n Answer: None of the three brothers married the princess.",
            "output": [
                "Which the following sentence is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-21d51e63d67f4fd7bb4d3390b286e03a",
            "input": "Article: David and I met as interns  on Capital Hill. Our love then grew through a 5-year long-distance relationship. We were able to survive despite our pursuit to become a doctor and a lawyer. He was at the University of Michigan School of Medicine and I was at the University of Maryland School of Law. We encouraged each other. David proposed to me on May 15, 2011 in front of both of our families. It was amazing! I graduated from law school on that day David proposed and we got married the day after he graduated from medical school.    David and I really didn't have much money to have a huge wedding, but we wanted the wedding of our dreams. We decided to plan everything ourselves. For decoration, I tried to create as many ideas as I could. We had a signature drink called \"The Huxtable\". We used mostly orchids as our flowers. We made our own seating chart   by downloading a free template and printing it out on a huge foam board. We could not afford a backdrop   to go behind the bridal party, so we made one out of tissue and two enormous peg boards. It was awesome. Many people wanted to buy our backdrop, but I gave it to our linen designer because he gave us crazy discounts.    David designed our guestbook by using the Apple iphone photobook application. It was awesome. He came up with the title \"Witness to love: David and Susan's Wedding Day\" for the cover and then on the inside he stated this, in part, \"Bearing Witness: Thank you for being a witness to our covenant   with God as we commit ourselves to join as one...\" I was moved deeply by his beautiful words.    We make our ceremony programs. We had a couple of gifts for guests. We gave them a handkerchief with our initials at the church, candy from the self-made candy bar display and stainless steel measuring spoons that said \"love beyond measure\".    We had a great wedding and the guests enjoyed themselves. By sharing my wedding story, I just want to tell you that you can have a wedding that you want within budget. \n Answer: Because they wanted to save money in this way.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer and David decide to plan everything themselves?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b66b008104044194a479e391c5e831f1",
            "input": "Article: No one wants to look silly or do the wrong thing at a new job. It's important to make the right impression   from the first day. You will face new people. You will be in a new place. It may be difficult to know what to do. Here are seven tips to help you make it through the first days at a new job: 1. First impression is important. Make sure you make a good one. Before your first day, find out if your new job has _ . If so, be sure to follow it. No matter what you wear, always be neat   and clean. 2. Get to work on time. Employers value workers who come to work on time. Give yourself an extra 15 minutes to make sure you arrive on time. 3. Pay attention to introduction. One of the first things that your supervisor   may do is to introduce you to co-workers. These co-workers will be important to you. They are the ones who will answer your questions when the boss isn't around. 4. Ask plenty of questions. Make sure that your supervisor has told you what your are expected to do. If he or she has not told you your job duties, ask for a list. Set daily and weekly goals for yourself. 5. Don't make personal phone calls. You should never make personal phone calls to your friends and family unless it's an emergency. 6. Don't take too long for lunch. What's the lunch-hour policy at your new job? You can find out from your supervisor or your company's personnel department . For example, do people eat at their desks or does everyone take a full hour outside the workplace? 7. Never be the first one to leave. Observe how your co-workers behave around quitting   time. It does no good for you to be eager to leave. \n Answer: Tips On First Days At a New Job",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae13ae940b0842038279b400df1ab952",
            "input": "Article: People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking. They try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem. First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam's bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle. Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find out the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific. Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels. Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels. Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. he has solved the problem. \n Answer: Possible Ways to Problem-solving",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19edd11681134a29af71e356cbbd1352",
            "input": "Article: One of the tough things about being a high school student is that you never seem to get enough sleep at night, which often leaves you nodding off during classes.     \"The best amount of sleep to get is about seven and a half to eight hours,\" Peter Venn at Queen Victoria Hospital, UK, told The Telegraph. Spending either less than six or more than nine hours in sleeping puts your health at risk.     A popular solution to a lack of sleep at night is to take a \"power nap\" during the day, but does this work?     Generally speaking, it can be beneficial. Research shows that a nap in the middle of the day --even a brief one as short as five or 10 minutes ---can clear your mind and leave you with increased energy and improved productivity , according to Forbes.     However, as refreshing as it might be, if you are getting adequate sleep at night, taking a power nap isn't such a wise choice. The reason is that sleeping during the day can interfere with your body's biorhythms  . The brain gets used to going to bed at roughly the same time each night and getting up at the same time each day, and you don't want to disturb this routine.     One more thing to keep in mind is that a power nap should never be used as a replacement for a good night's sleep. \"Twenty minutes of power nap during the day is not like a tablet which will definitely work,\" Rahul Mukherjee, an Indian sleep specialist, told The Telegraph. \"An hour's sleep before midnight is worth a couple of hours' sleep after midnight.\" \n Answer: About seven and a half to eight hours.",
            "output": [
                "What is the healthiest amount of sleep for the majority of people according to the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5c19d7382c084c0cbaef889c36fc3c41",
            "input": "Article: Edgar felt quite excited at the thought of his first swim of the summer. With the sun shining down so strongly, the sea was certain to be warm enough. He walked quickly along the sea-front towards the steps that led on to the sands. He smiled cheerfully at the passersby. He had just smiled and raised his hat to an elderly lady when a man with a camera caught his arm and stopped him. Edgar heard a little buzzing noise from the camera. \"Your photograph, sir, in glorious colour in just one moment if you please,\" said the man in one breath. Then the buzzing stopped, and he held the photograph in his hand and was waving it to and fro. In a moment he handed it over, and Edgar saw the bright blue splash of his shirt half filling the picture. \"Seventy pence, sir,\" the man said. \"It's the bargain of your holiday.\" \"Seventy pence,\" Edgar repeated, mildly. \"For this?\" He stared at the photographer. \"They're normally eighty-five, sir, but for a single subject I make a cut-price offer. It's the best value you'll get in Chadwell.\" \"You'll have to make a better offer,\" Edgar said. It was a good photo though, he thought, so bright and clear. His hat was held high, and he was smiling broadly at the old lady, whose arm and handbag came into a lower corner. He had had no idea that he was being snapped. He thought he was really quite a good-looking chap. \"That's as good as any studio job that would cost you pounds,\" said the cameraman. \"It's better in a way because it's so natural. Only seventy pence, sir.\" \"I've never paid so much for a snap in my life. It simply isn't worth that kind of money. It's not as if I need the thing. Look, I'll give you twenty-five.\" \"No, I can't do that. Each of these instant colour shots costs me 50p -- that's the price of the blank frame, so you see...\" \"Criminal, criminal,\" Edgar broke in. \"You want a profit of forty per cent. Well, not at my expense, I'm afraid. I'll give you your 50p and that's that.\" \"Let me see, then.\" The man suddenly took the photograph out of Edgar's hand. \"I can't waste any more time with you. It's 70p or I keep it.\" \"Keep it,\" Edgar said. He turned, looked out to the sea, and then walked quickly away. \n Answer: He was there on holiday.",
            "output": [
                "Why do you suppose Edgar was in Chadwell?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-89c12fecb32a4e6392b8b7a1b3580b33",
            "input": "Article: Cities with high levels of homeownership--in the range of 75%, like Detroit and St. Lous -had on average considerably lower levels of economic activity and much lower wages and incomes. Far too many people in financial problems are trapped in homes they can't sell, unable to move on to new centers of opportunity. The cities and regions with the lowest levels of homeownership--in the range of 55% to 60% like Los Angeles and New York--had healthier economies and higher incomes. They also had higher levels of happiness and well-being. I was shocked to read these interesting points that Richard Florida made in his recent article. Let me try to understand. The people in Detroit and St. Louis are less happy than the people in New York, and Los Angeles. And, the reason is because of home ownership rates? First, to compare them to New York City (the economic capital of the world), Los Angeles (the entertainment capital of the world) seems unfair. Most people in almost any other city in the world might be less happy! Next, let's try a different way of determining whether renters are happier than homeowners. Why don't we ask them? Fannie Mae's National Housing Survey 2010 reported:    75% of current renters believe owning a home makes more sense. 67% plan to buy a home at some point in the future. When they asked current renters for the major reason to buy a house, these were their answers (they could pick several answers): 78% said it was a good place to raise children. 75% said because they would feel safe. 70% said because you have control your own space. If you believe renters are happier, you would also have to believe the majority enjoy living in a less safe environment, which wouldn't be a good place to raise children and would be a place where they have less control of their space. ks5u \n Answer: St. Louis has a higher level of homeownership than Los Angeles.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is a fact?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bf9693c2f0624fb1afcbb3b6f256388d",
            "input": "Article: Edward Estlin Cummings was a poet well-known for how he wrote his poems He wrote his poems with capital   letters in the words . For example, the title of one of his poems is \"The little horse is newlY\" The \"Y\" is a capital letter. He also used \"i\" instead of \"I\" to refer to himself in the poems. Edward was born on October14, 1894 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Edward's father was also named Edward. Young Edward's mother was named Rebecca. She loved to spend time with her children. She also taught Edward Jr how to write poems. Edward's sister was born 1896 and her name was Elizabeth. Edward's father was the first professor of Sociology at Harvard University. He later became the minister of one of Boston's respected churches. He was the one who taught his son to use his hands as well as his mind. Edward Jr used his hands to paint abstract art. E.E.Cummings was a very smart boy. Edward was 12 when he became a freshman in high school. He loved circuses, ballets, music and amusement parks. Edward graduated from Harvard in 1916. During World War I , he joined the army and was sent to France where he drove an ambulance. He and his friend from Harvard were arrested because people thought they were German spies. They were kept in one room where they slept , ate , talked and tried to deal with their fears and boredom. Edward wrote his first book, published in 1922, called The Enormous Room, based on his wartime experiences. E.E.Cummings was a poet that made his own rules in poetry. He was one of the most popular poets of the 20th century. \n Answer: He used letters in a special way in them",
            "output": [
                "Which is a special feature of E.E.Cummings' poems?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1215d54fd7704256a4c9b69dcc361011",
            "input": "Article: THURSDAY, July 9 (Health Day News) -- A new study that found that a lower calorie diet slowed the aging process in monkeys could be the best proof yet that restricted diets might do the same for humans. \"The big question in aging research is, 'Will caloric restriction in species closely related to humans slow aging?'\" said Richard Weindruch, senior author of a paper appearing in the July 10 issue of Science. This is the first clear demonstration that, in a primate species, we' re inducing a slowdown of the aging process -- showing increased survival, resistance to disease, less brain atrophy and less muscle loss. \"This predicts humans would respond similarly,\" added Weindruch, professor of medicine at the University of Wisconsin and an investigator at the Veterans Hospital in Madison. Another expert noted that, despite some highly publicized studies in certain species, the link between restricted eating and longer lifespan has been far from proven. \"The idea that dietary restriction extends lifespan in all species is not true. Many strains of rats and mice do not respond. In some strains, it' s actually deleterious,\" explained Felipe Sierra, director of the biology of aging program at the US National Institute on Aging (NIA), which supported the new study. \"The fact that it doesn't work in some mice but it does seem to work in monkeys is surprising and it gives us hope.\" But there's a larger question: how to change humans' increasingly careless eating habits. \"This finding doesn't give me hope that humans are going to go into dietary restriction,\" added Marianne Grant, a registered dietitian at Texas A&M Health Science Center Coastal Bend Health Education Center in Corpus Christi. \n Answer: This experiment indicates restricted diets could extend humans' lifespan.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about Weindruch is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3911e4e9dc5644bd9fa8808f4faf1225",
            "input": "Article: The National Geographic Magazine, later shortened to National Geographic, is the official journal of the National Geographic Society. It published its first issue in 1888, just nine months after the Society itself was founded. It has become one of the world's best-known magazines and is immediately identifiable by the characteristic yellow border running around the edge of its cover. There are 12 monthly issues of National Geographic per year, plus additional map supplements. On rare occasions, special editions are also issued. It contains articles about geography, popular science, history, culture, current events, and photography. The current Editor-in-Chief of National Geographic Magazine is the well-known photographer, Chris Johns, who has photographed extensively in Africa. The foreword to Johns' own illustrated book on Africa was written by Nelson Mandela. Society Executive Vice President John Q. Griffin, and President of the Magazine Group, has overall responsibility for the English language magazines at National Geographic. Terry B. Adamson, Society Executive Vice President who also is the Society's chief legal officer and heads governmental relations, has overall responsibility for the Society's international publications. With a worldwide circulation in all languages of nearly nine million, more than fifty million people read the magazine every month. In May, 2007, National Geographic magazine won the American Society of Magazine Editors' prestigious General Excellence Award in the over two million circulation category and the best photography award for three issues of the magazine in 2006. \n Answer: About 12 issues.",
            "output": [
                "How many issues dose the National Geographic Magazine have per year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-165dbaf4fa88413b877ff996977f29e5",
            "input": "Article: A tender woman, or an independent one, which one would you prefer? Arecent research shows that most people would choose the latter. This type of woman is called a nuhanzi (\"tough woman\"). Experts believe these characteristics have social and psychological roots among young femalesin China. Su Hao's friends all call her a tough woman, because she can finish tough tasks usually carried out by men. For example, she carries 10-litre water to her dormitory on the 5th floor. \"I depend on no one but myself,\" she says. According to a recent survey by China Youth Daily, tough women have become rather common in society. Of the 21,265 respondents, 78.5 percent said they are familiar with a tough woman. About 50 percent said they like women with tough characteristics, while less than 29 percent expressed the opposite view. Why are tough women gaining popularity? Shen Meng, a psychological consultant, believes the fierce competition in society is contributing to this trend. \"Women are often in a disadvantaged position compared to men,\" Shen says. \"In order to survive, they have to be independent, strong and tough.\" Liu Xiao lin, professor of psychology at Wuhan Mental Health Center, believes tough women are brought up this way. They are often on close relationship with their fathers, who teach their daughters to be brave and decisive,\" he says. As a result, these women are more likely to be psychologically healthy and more tolerant to stress, according to Liu. Though Liu believes that this is a good trend, Hu Shenzhi, a psychologist at the Guangdong Sunflower Counseling Center, says the popularity of tough woman indicates an unclear line between gender identities, which can lead to relationship problems. \"Some women with characteristics that differ from the traditional female image may have a difficult time finding Mr Right,\" he says.\"Even if they get married, their manly characteristics might cause family conflicts. \n Answer: She is soft and tender to others.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the followings does NOT belong to the characteristics of a tough woman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81dc42010f294440b0f96d1b81a4f15e",
            "input": "Article: People turn to magic chiefly as a form of insurance--that is, they use it along with actions that actually bring results. For example, hunters may use a hunting charm  . But they also use their hunting skills and knowledge of animals. The charm may give hunters the extra confidence they need to hunt even more successfully than they would without it. If they shoot a lot of game  , they credit the charm for their success. Many events happen naturally without magic. Crops grow without it, and sick people get well without it.But if people use magic to bring a good harvest or to cure a patient, they may believe the magic was responsible.  People also tend to forget magic's failures and to be impressed by its surface successes. They may consider magic successful if it appears to work only 10 percent of the time. Even when magic fails, people often explain the failure without doubting the power of the magic. They may say that the magician made a mistake in reciting the spell or that another magician cast a more powerful spell against the magician. Many anthropologists   believe that people have faith in magic because they feel a need to believe in it. People may turn to magic to reduce their fear and uncertainty if they feel they have no control over the outcome of a situation. For example, farmers use knowledge and skill when they plant their fields. But they know that weather, insects, or diseases might ruin the crops. So farmers in some societies may also plant a charm or perform a magic rite   to ensure a good harvest. \n Answer: Why People Believe in Magic?",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-984da0e653c842028c7f0a5d7aef0835",
            "input": "Article: Hunter Bliss, like more and more American students, left the United States to go to college. In the 2011-2012 school year, 46,571 U.S. students registered for degree programs in 14 countries. The top destination countries were the U.K. and Canada, followed by France, Germany, Italy and some other European countries. Germany, in particular, has attracted many more American students in recent years, like Hunter Bliss. In 2012, there were more than 4,000 American students completing bachelor's, master's and doctor's degrees in Germany. The Institute of International Education (IIE) says that the number of U.S. students completing college degrees in Western Europe increased by about 5 percent from 2010 to 2012. American students choose to study in another country for two main reasons. First, international experience is becoming more important in the modern job market. Second, the cost of higher education has continued to rise in the United States. Rising tuition   costs make education abroad--particularly in countries that charge no tuition-attractive to American students, says the IIE. Many American students choose Germany because of the low cost of education there. German public universities do not charge tuition fees. And many universities in Germany offer courses in English, too. College education in the US is seen as a privilege and expected to cost money but in Germany _ is seen as an extension of a free high school education where one expects it to be provided. The German government has been eager to encourage students to come to Germany for another reason. Like many countries in Western Europe, German's population is becoming older, and fewer young people are entering college and the job market. The German government hopes to attract skilled foreign students who will stay in Germany. \n Answer: Italy.",
            "output": [
                "Which country attracted American students most in the 2011-2012 school year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e6efd9a3d2564520bb3156a069f83e14",
            "input": "Article: Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden change in pronunciation started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16 century the British had contact with people from around the world. This means that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Spelling and grammar became fixed and the dialect  of London became the standard. In 1604, the first English dictionary was published. The numbers of words in Early Modern English and Late Modern English differ. Late Modern English has a lot more words because of two main factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire covered one quarter of the earth's surface, and the English language took in foreign words from many countries. From around 1600, the English colonization of North America resulted in the creation of American English. Some English pronunciation and words when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English. Some expressions that the British call \" Americanisms\" are in fact original  British expressions that were preserved   in the colonies but were lost in Britain. Spanish also had an influence on American English, with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English. French words and West African words also influenced American English. Today, American English is the most influential . But there are many other kinds of English around the world, including Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English , Indian English and Caribbean English. They have differences. \n Answer: Many new words entered English because many people moved to Britain.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know from Paragraph 1?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a302df4e3b4f4afca7588eae7549889a",
            "input": "Article: Ammie Reddick from East Kilbride, Lanarkshire, was only 18 months old when she had the accident that had scarred   her for life. The child reached up to get a hot bottle in the family kitchen and poured boiling water over her body. Her mother Ruby turned round and, seeing Ammie badly burnt, rushed her daughter to a nearby hospital. Twenty percent of Ammie's body had been burned and all of her burns were third-degree. There, doctors performed an operation that took about six hours to control her injuries. Over the next 16 years, Ammie received 12 more operations to repair her body. When she started school at Maxwelton Primary at age 4, other pupils said cruel words or simply wouldn't play with her. \"I was the only burned child in the street, the class and the school,\" she said, \"some children refused to become friends because of that.\" Today, aged 17, Ammie can only ever remember being a burned person with scars; pain is a _ part of her body. She still has to have two further operations. Yet she is a confident, outgoing teenager who offers hope to other young burns victims  . She is a member of the Scottish Burned Children's Club. This month, Ammie will be joining the younger children at the Graffham Water Center in Cambridge for the first summer camp. \"I'll show them how to get rid of unkind looking from others,\" she says. Ammie loves wearing fashionable   clothes, and she plans to show the youngsters at the summer camp that they can too. \"I do not hide my burns scars,\" she says, \"I gave up wondering how other people would say years ago.\" \n Answer: They looked down upon her.",
            "output": [
                "What did other children do when Ammie first went to school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e94e65051e72429aa752623db4d82b18",
            "input": "Article: Below is a web page from Google. The completer results archive of summer and winter Olympic games, with winners lists, statistics, national anthems and flags of all contries since 1896. www. olympic. it/english/home-16k Beijing steel plants to run at the lowest level of cost during 2008 Olympics [2007-03-11] Beijing able to treat 90 pct of waste water [2007-02-05] *Air quality in Beijing has improved over the past six years [2007-02-01]*Green Olympics dream coming true ... en. Beijing2008.com/80/67/column211716780.shtml-52k Beijing announced the 2008 Olympic Games torch relay route and set off the Olympic Games torch on Thursday. ... Green Olympics is one of the three concepts of the Beijing Games. ... english.china.com/zh  _  cn/news/sports/110592227/14069663.html-26k Environmental Symbol of Beijing Olympics --'Green Olympics', officially announced on Saturday, 24 September 2005. The symbol, created using a calligraphic art form, is composed of human and tree-like shapes, ... my.opera.com/green  _  head/blog/show.dml/92155-18k On behalf of BOCOC, Wang Wei, executive vice president of BOCOC, gave a presentation about Green Olympics, introduced the environment protection work of BMC and BOCOC, and answered several questions such as protection of cultural relics ... en.beijing2008.com/84/91/article211929184.shtml-36k Who was the founder of the Modern Olympics? In which cities were the modern Olympic Games due to be held/ scheduled during the 'war years', i.e., 1916, 1940, and 1944? ... In which three years of the Modern Olympic Games were ... More questions ... www.funtrivia.com/quizzes/sports/ olympic  _  games.html-12k ... aimed at young researchers engaged in scholarly research on the Olympic Movement, its history and values, and the impact of the ...[ Full story] SPORT ACCORD[2005-01-23]... www.olympic.org/ As put forward in the various official texts, the Olympic symbols of ancient Olympia, the Olympic flame and the Marathon race are bridges between the ancient and the modern Olympic Games, ... www.c2008.org/rendanews/knowledge  _  detail.asp?id=911-106k \n Answer: On September 24, 2005.",
            "output": [
                "When was the environmental symbol of Beijing Olympics made public?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b25c654c8bb6421f95a4806ec513322c",
            "input": "Article: Thank you for your interest in helping animals! Volunteering is a wonderful way to learn, have fun and give back to yourcommunity . There are many ways to care for the animals at PAWS. Youth Work Party If you are ten years or older, you can join the Youth Work Party Team with a parent to work on different projects around PAWS in Lynnwood, WA. For example, you can build boxes for frightened, injured wildlife to hide in. Ask your parent to sign up to join a work party. If you are eighteen years or older, you can join the Youth Work Party Team independently. PAWSwalk PAWSwalk is our biggestfundraising event of the year, held at the end of the summer to raise money to care for the animals. You can collect money with the help of your family, friends and school, and then walk in the event. Cookie Sale Selling homemade dog cookies is a wonderful way to help the animals. PAWS can providebrochures to give out when you sell the cookies prepared by you and your parents, so people can learn about PAWS at the same time. You can find homemade dog cookie cooking instructions on the Internet or by checking out cookbooks for dogs at the library. Movie Night Invite friends, family, neighbors and classmates to watch your favorite animal movie, likeBabe or Charlotte's Web. Ask them to bring an \"entrance fee\" of donations or supplies for the animals. Thanks again for your interest in PAWS and helping animals. Share your ideas with your parents and invite a few friends to join you in helping make a difference for animals. If you have any questions, call 425-787-2500-261. \n Answer: A nineteen-year-old student.",
            "output": [
                "Who may work in the Youth Work Party Team by himself/herself ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0bee2208914c44378531d29247764dd9",
            "input": "Article: What makes a house a home? A home is a place of companionship with people in it who love each other, who are harmonious   and closer with one another than with in the workplace or with classmates at school. A home is a place that's so magnetic that it's difficult to leave. In a home there is love, sharing and appreciation, and the members help one another. I have seen families on the street. But if they live, sleep, talk, and eat together, they are a family, even if they are poorly off. You don't need a roof to make a home. The truly homeless are some of the rich people who build multi-million-dollar houses and are too busy to really live in them. The truly homeless are those who have turned their home into a hotel lobby. The parents work and the children misbehave. They don't talk and eat together every day. They rarely see each other. The truly homeless people are those with babysitters, caretakers, gardeners and maids. However, people are unaware of this, as they are too busy making money outside the home that they don't live in. This is another way of looking at the rich and the homeless. Who is to be pitied? Control of the computer and the Internet is also important to make a house into a home. If the computer is on all the time, the house turns into an office, even if everyone is at home. Many homes these days are just offices. Human communication has stopped. The computer eats up all the time that one should be giving to others within the home. Using the computer moderately gives us time for play and communication, not with a screen, but with other people. \n Answer: What makes a house a home?",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may serve as the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fb082965d9574c179e58a03209c7c9bb",
            "input": "Article: Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are they'll say, \"Success.\" The dream of individual opportunity has been home in American since Europeans discovered a \"new world\" in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote. \"We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered   and unrestrained, because each person works for himself ... We have no princes, for whom we toil  ,starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.\" The promise of a land where \"the rewards of a man's industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor\" drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories. Our national mythology   is full of illustration of the American success story. There's Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American's best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The notion of success haunts us: we spend million every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to \"make a fortune in real estate with no money down,\" and \"dressing for success.\" The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships: today it's as important to be \"successful\" in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business. But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to \"make it\" also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in status symbols: we try to live in the \"right\" neighborhoods, wear the \"right\" clothes, eat the \"right\" foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens. \n Answer: People can fully enjoy individual freedom.",
            "output": [
                "What is the essence of the American Dream according to Crevecoeur?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7dbf71fbfcd0422f8006cabc74dbb76d",
            "input": "Article: The price of gas has been going up. We do not know when it will end. Many people want to know how they can save fuel . The best way to save fuel is to change driving habits. The accelerator , or gas pedal,has a lot to do with how much gas you use.The faster you drive, the more gas you use. Drivers should slow down a bit to save fuel. Driving at a steady speed helps to save much gas you use.Accelerating slowly to get to the speed you want helps save gas, too. The more you drive your car.the more gas you use.Think about the places you need to go before leaving your home.  _ ) that you need to do as you can in one trip.Always try to pick the shortest route when going somewhere. Cars that are in good working condition use less fuel. Take care of your car. Make sure the engine is running well and is tuned-up often. Have a mechanic check if something seems wrong. Tires  are important, too. Keep the tires inflated  properly on a car. It will help the car roll better. If a car's tires are worn, then they should be replaced. Finally,think about using your car less.Walk or ride a bike if you do not have to go far.Carpool  or take public transportation  when you can.Leaving your car at home really saves gas. \n Answer: Drive at a speed that is seldom changed.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can help save much oil?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fc36fd0c931b4a8b90a832ad9446956d",
            "input": "Article: At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the agreement among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality? There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the stress that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient. To get a better understanding of what's going on, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers --meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration has reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9%. Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the financial burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that financial burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants' access to certain benefits. The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected -- say, low-skilled workers, or California residents -- the impact isn't all that dramatic. \"The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions,\" says Daniel Tichenor, a professor at the University of Oregon. \"But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one.\" Too bad most people don't realize it. \n Answer: It may place a great pressure on the state budget.",
            "output": [
                "What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0473f3e949ab40c182b1daa8292191af",
            "input": "Article: To the Editor, I have been reading your newspaper, theHometown Gazette, for the past two years, ever since I moved to Smithville. We moved here from New York City, so I am accustomed to reading excellent newspapers such asThe New York Times. In fact, we still have theTimesdelivered on Sundays. The entire family enjoys reading the recipes  in the newspaper, as well as the Styles section. TheTimesis great, but theGazetteis another story. I've never read an article that doesn't contain at least three or four spelling or grammatical errors. For instance, in last week's issue, you misspelled the word \"secretary\" used a singular verb with a plural noun, and used \"it's\" as a possessive . And that was just in the lead story! In case you never went to elementary school, \"it's\" means \"it is\". It's not a possessive adjective! It's a pity that this tiny little hick   town has only one newspaper, because I' d like to have an alternative to the rag   you publish. I find it hard to believe your news stories. If you can' t spell correctly, how can you get your facts right? I've been meaning to get this off my chest for some time. Please cancel my subscription . And buy yourself a dictionary. Sincerely, Jane Z. Jones \n Answer: tiny little hick town",
            "output": [
                "Which phrase from the passage shows the writer' s prejudice ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a8a43d9ab016480caa8984a9d8e35116",
            "input": "Article: The cruelty and inhumanity   of the war is just as cruel an inhumane through the eyes of a horse. Or at least in the eyes of Joey, the star of War Horse (<< >> ). The film has come out in cinemas on February 28, 2012 on the Chinese mainland. The story starts on a farm in Devon, southwest England. The Narracott family--Dad, Mum, and their teenage son Albert - rent the farm. When Dad buys a beautiful horse, Albert falls in love with him. He trains him and names him Joey. They become as close as it is possible for a human and an animal to be. But World War I breaks out. Dad has to sell the horse to an English Army officer to pay the rent. Joey and Albert can no longer be together. Albert promises Joey that they'll find each other again one day. Then Albert goes on a journey to search for his friend. But the four years of war are about Joey's journey. He starts as the mount   of the English officer. Then he becomes a German workhorse. He is given to a French teenager and her grandpa. He has to face the tanks on the front line. The story ends in a sunset scene on the battlefield. Albert has become a soldier. The two are reunited. Battle scenes are part of the story , but the movie's Oscar-winning director Steven Spielberg said that War Horse is not a war movie. \"I consider it to be a love between a horse and a young man... It's about the connectivity   that an animal can bring to human characters,\" Spielberg said. Roger Moore of the Chicago Tribune said Spielberg manages in the film to \"measure a man by how he acts toward animals\". In one scene, a British soldier and a German soldier join hands to _ Joey. \" Men on opposing   sides of war find their shared humanity in their love of animals in War Horse, I appreciated this work.\" Moore concluded. \n Answer: The family could not afford the horse's cost.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Albert's father sell the horse to an English Army officer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-61c72a69528c4d66a489298b1c7f4ad1",
            "input": "Article: Mr. Black was the manager of a hotel in Atlanta. One weekend all of the hotels were full because of a large business meeting being held in the city. On Sunday night, three men came into Mr. Black's hotel and asked for rooms. Mr. Black told them that there were no more rooms available. The men didn't know what to do because they had no place to stay in. Mr. Black wanted to help them. He remembered that there was an empty room at the far end of the first floor -- Room 112. It was a very small room, and had rarely been used as a guest room before. So, he asked the three men if they would mind sharing that small room. They replied that they would be very satisfied so long as there was a room for them to stay in for the night. Mr. Black then told them that the room would cost them $ 30 in total. On hearing this, each of the three men gave Mr. Black $ 10 before they left for their room. However, Mr. Black soon began to think that $ 30 was really too much for that small room. He called his assistant over and said, \"Here is $ 5. Give it back to the three men in Room 112. Each of them paid me $10. That's too much.\" The assistant took the money. While he was on the way to that small room, he thought, \"How can three men divide $ 5?  I'll give each of them only $ 1 and keep the $ 2 left to myself. The men will be happy to get anything back, and I can also make some money that way. After all, Mr. Black will never know anything about it.\" So, the assistant returned only $1 to each of the three men. Each man had first paid $ 10. After the assistant returned $1 to him, each man had actually paid only $ 9. There were three men. $ 9x3=\"$27.\" The assistant kept $ 2. $ 27 + $ 2=\" $\" 29. Where is the missing dollar? \n Answer: It was too small for three men.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't Mr. Black offer Room 112 to the three men at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa394df7c172420caaf2bf74d6dec00b",
            "input": "Article: Air traffic controllers in the US have been advised to take 26-minute naps  , after a series of accidents involving workers falling asleep. Now the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is calling for \"controlled naps\" during nightshifts  . NTSB member Mark Rosekind said that a 26-minute nap would improve performance by 34%. He believes that beyond the aviation   industry, other professions, such as motoring and machinery, also carry obvious risks. But other experts doubt whether 26 minutes is the appropriate napping time. It's a bit too long and risks you falling into a deep sleep, says Jim Horne, director of the Sleep Research Council. He said, \"A nap of about 15 minutes is best; once you get beyond 20 minutes, you risk a deep sleep and you can be much more tired when you wake up. Therefore, we suggest that a nap be combined with a cup of coffee so that you can enjoy an effective sleep before the caffeine   takes effect in 20 minutes. However, this method only works on those who have had a poor night's sleep. If you haven't had a sleep the night before, this method won't be enough to make you fresh.\"  Health writer, Linda Wasmer Andrews, also believes that 26 minutes is too long. She says a nap between 10 and 20 minutes is enough, and the timing of the nap is also important. Putting your head down too early means your body may not be ready to sleep yet, but a nap that is too late in a day might make it harder to fall asleep. Early afternoon is often the best time, between l pm to 3pm, when people experience a post-lunch decrease in energy. \n Answer: How long a nap should last.",
            "output": [
                "What does the text mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9319d86fcfb545809cf2702c2f75eada",
            "input": "Article: GENEVA, Feb.11 (Xinhua) --The current La Nina weather phenomenon may just be a partial cause of south prefix = st1 /China's freeze-up at the start of 2008, said the United Nations World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Monday. The latest La Nina pattern, which began in the third quarter of 2007, has picked up strength in the past three months, with sea surface temperatures now about 1. 5 to 2 degrees Celsius colder than average over large parts of the eastern and central equatorial Pacific Ocean, said the latest report issued by the WMO. Presenting the Geneva-based body's report, Rupa Kumar Killi, a WMO climate expert, said the recent month-long snow and ice-storms in China's central, southern and eastern regions could be connected with the La Nina phenomenon, the climatic opposite of El Nino . However, he said China's freeze-up was a result of several causes combined and was partly caused by a cold surge from the north and west. He also said the present La Nina cycle may last at least until mid-2008 and it is also possible, if less likely, that the cycle could stretch into the third quarter. La Nina is a large pool of unusually cold water in the equatorial Pacific that develops every few years and influences global weather. It is the climatic opposite of El Nino, a warming of the Pacific, and both have been associated with extreme weather around the globe. Since Jan. 10, snow, sleet and low temperatures have swept China's southern regions, a rare occurrence for the area. \n Answer: La Nina.",
            "output": [
                "What partially caused south China's freeze-up at the beginning of 2008?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b66c6f1a30c940e8930deefdd7e02b93",
            "input": "Article: Today was my high school reunion. I was the most remarkable student for all the wrong reasons. I was born with some birth defects and learning disabilities. I overcame them, but it was hard. While working blue-collar jobs, I lived in my car for a few years. On a cold winter night several years ago, I met Dr. X in the emergency room. He was a former classmate of mine, and we pretended not to know one another. He discovered I was living in my car and heard some of my stories. Then he arranged for me to be admitted to the hospital for a day so I could get warmed up and recover. When I left the hospital, I found a $100 bill in the gas tank door of my van  . I'm sure it was from him. I now have a home of my own and I'm doing OK, considering everything. When I sent my reservation and check to the reunion committee, it was returned uncashed with a $50 bill along with a note saying \"Please don't come.\" I guess my classmates are more closed-minded than I thought they would be. I was hoping age would change them but my wish turned out to be nothing but a joke. In addition to the reservation return, I have also seen a few forwarded emails _ my attempts to find out about the event. I hope none of those people were blessed with a child with learning or physical issues. I guess people never change on some things. Thankfully, I have found nicer, caringpeople along my journey in life, and for that I'd like to thank all of the kind people in the world. \n Answer: His physical problems.",
            "output": [
                "What made the author the most remarkable student?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-32fc7d8522fb4259b3fff8e8fed1212c",
            "input": "Article: KATHMANDU, Nepal (CNN) - Nepal has given its security personnel permission to shoot pro-Tibet demonstrators during China's Olympic flame climb to Mount Everest's summit early next month. \"About 25 soldiers and policemen have established camps on the mountain and they have been ordered to use force if necessary to stop any anti-Chinese activities,\" Mod Raj Dotel, spokesman for the home ministry, said Sunday. \"This could mean shooting if necessary.\" Security personnel will also check mountain climbers for non-essential expedition materials, Dotel added.  \"If anyone is found with anti-Chinese material their permit will be canceled and returned from the mountain,\" he said.  Chinese climbers plan to take the Olympic flame to the top of the world's highest peak, at 8,848 meters (29,028 feet) as part of the global relay leading up to the August 8 opening of the Summer Olympics in Beijing. Spring is the most popular season for climbing Mount Everest, which straddles  the border between Nepal and Tibet, an autonomous region of China.  The Nepali government has given permits to dozens of climbers from 30 expeditions this season.  But between May 1 and May 10, climbers are  _ from going above 6,400 meters until the torch run is completed. China plans to take the Olympic flame to the summit sometime then. Bad weather conditions allow only about two opportunities in May for a push to the summit. The Chinese have not allowed any expedition to climb the mountain from the north side, according the Kathmandu representative of the Tibet China Mountaineering Association. Almost every day in the past month, Nepalese police have arrested pro-Tibet protesters from in front of the Chinese Embassy and the United Nations offices. The demonstrators are released later in the evening.   Supporters of Tibet punish the government's attitude toward the autonomous region, and many believe China should not have been awarded the honor of hosting the Olympic Games. Earlier torch relay stops in London, England; Paris, France; and San Francisco, California attracted tens of thousands of demonstrators. They led to attacks on the torch and relay participants, and prompted police to make dozens of arrests. Subsequent stops in Argentina, Tanzania and Oman were trouble-free. In Pakistan, authorities closed the relay to the public. And India shortened the relay and kept thousands of anti-Chinese protesters at bay by sealing off roads and shuttering buildings along the route. The relay went smoothly in Bangkok, Thailand, on Saturday, amid heavy security and scattered protests along the route.  The flame arrived in Malaysia on Sunday. About 1,000 police officers will be on hand to watch for protesters during a relay in the capital city Kuala Lampur Monday. \n Answer: May 7",
            "output": [
                "When will China's Olympic flame probably reach Mount Everest's summit?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-211ad1d26e5247678c829d4d70de4012",
            "input": "Article: \"The Chinese Dream\" is a hot topic of this year. Many Chinese young people are inspired by the Chinese Dream. Everyone has their own dreams. They give us courage and confidence to keep us going through difficulties. Here are some advice on how to realize our beautiful dreams. Never giving up is the key to make our dreams come true. We may fail from time to time, but we can learn from failure, correct our mistakes and try again until we achieve our goals. Our life is like a long journey which is not all roses. _ sometimes has wind and rain. We believe rainbows will appear after storms. Cooperation is also necessary. Everyone likes a person who is good at cooperating with others. Besides, in our society most problems can't be solved by one person alone. Cooperation is becoming one of the most important ways for people living in the developing society. At the same time, we should learn to examine our abilities because it helps us know our advantages and disadvantages as well as get a full control of ourselves. Then we may be confident enough to face challenges. Follow the suggestions above, and our dreams are sure to come true. \n Answer: Four.",
            "output": [
                "How many suggestions of making dreams come true are mentioned in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f10fc5f811fa428c8dd54b4e76104751",
            "input": "Article: In Singapore,most of us love window-shopping while some others enjoy having a picnic at East Coast Park or Changi Beach on sunny days.Singaporeans are never bothered by the occasional thunderstorm.However,we know that if it rains for long continuous periods,there will be more serious effects.Just recently the main shopping street of Orchard Road was flooded and some part of Bukit Timah was impassable to traffic.People reacted by writing in to the newspaper to complain about this! We forget that other countries suffer much worse effects. Elsewhere,heavy tropical storms often result in floods that ruin crops especially in Thailand and Malaysia.This in turn usually means that the price of rice and vegetables here in Singapore will rise because we import these products from them.If there is a typhoon or tsunami,thousands of lives are lost too.This happened in Indonesia and Phuket in Thailand in 2004 and _ serves to remind us of how Mother Nature can cause great damage. Weather patterns in general have changed dramatically in recent years.Scientists believe that global warming and the resulting melting of the polar ice-cap has caused the level of the ocean to rise.This in turn causes flooding of low-lying areas in countries where the land is rather flat and some parts of which is below water level.It is believed that human activities have caused Mother Nature to show her extreme anger,so it is now important that we really work together to cut down on harmful activities,for example,illegal logging or irresponsible forest-burning to clear land for farming. \n Answer: The price of rice and vegetables will go up.",
            "output": [
                "What will happen in Singapore if there are floods in its neighboring countries?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5e701dc4e847467c97e0bc63866cc536",
            "input": "Article: Sunday, October 5 Clear, 69degF My wife, Eleanor and I took the train from Paris to Strasbourg, where we were met by our driver and guide, and the minibus which goes along with the boat. We stopped off in Barn for an hour on the way. Then we were taken to Nancy where the boat was kept. After the other passengers arrived, we had our first dinner on the boat. After dinner we walked into downtown Nancy, a village with a large square and wooden houses. Monday, October 6 Rained last night, cloudy in the morning, 69degF We spent about two hours in Nancy, and then sailed on the Canal de la Marne au Rhine. Kind of a lazy day. Eating breakfast, lunch, and dinner, after dinner we watched a tape on Baccarat, where we will visit tomorrow. It was pleasant to sit out on deck  and watch the scenery go by at about 3 mph. Tuesday, October 7 Light rain, 64degF This mourning we drove over to Baccarat and toured its museum and the church, which has this unbelievable lamp that is going on a world tour the next day. We did lost of shopping, then walked across the bridge to see a very, very modern Catholic church with special Baccarat windows. We drove to the top of the Voges Mountains and started down the eastern side. Later we drove to Sorrenbourg to see the 13th century church at the Cordeliers. It contains the largest window by Mar. Wednesday, Ocrober8 Cloudy.65 degF Today we sailed from Schneckenbush to Saverne. We went though two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey. This river scenery is very different. We were in a mountain valley with grassland on one side and a forest beginning to show some color on the other. Thursday, Ocrober9 Cloudy, 66degF Our dependable minibus was waiting to load the luggage and take us to the hotel where everyone went their separate ways. Our boating days are over until next time. \n Answer: Strasbourg",
            "output": [
                "Where did the author get off the train?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d928992fe084f0b9a7696a998c64c8c",
            "input": "Article: Thousands of hungry birds left the countryside of Britain in the bitter winter to find food and warmth in urban gardens. The move included species such as the redwing and the fieldfare, almost unknown outside rural areas The hard situation of farmland birds has been revealed in the latest survey of bird populations from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds released today. The redwing has an obvious stripe over the eye and a red flash on the flanks  , while the fieldfare has a grey head, a peach underbelly, and a distinctive dark band on the tail. Graham Madge, the society's spokesman, says, \"For many urban birdwatchers the sight of these striking species is a real treat. Many people have never imagined there being such an amazing chance.\" \"Frozen ground prevented them from getting food in the countryside and they have been saved from starvation in towns,\" he added. He says the unusual sight this year somewhat _ the frustration felt at the suffering of small garden birds such as robins and wrens. These birds are sensitive to cold and must eat almost continuously to stay alive. Data from people who took part in the society's Big Garden Birdwatch recorded sightings in 280,000 gardens during the last weekend of January, with the goldcrest down 75 percent, the longtailed tit down 27 percent, and the coal tit down 20 percent. The study highlighted the need for food to be left out for birds during winter. The redwing and the fieldfare are relatively unknown outside the eastern part of the country. The research shows, however, that they moved to the other side of the country where the climate is generally mild in winter and that many for the first time have reached Cornwall and Isles of Scilly. The number of redwing sightings was up 185 percent, those of the fieldfare 73, and of the yellowhammer 68. Another surprise garden \"guest\" this year was the blackcap. This robinsized, silvergrey bird was rare in Britain 50 years ago, but increasing numbers now arrive each year from Germany and Austria. \n Answer: Excited.",
            "output": [
                "How did the urban birdwatchers probably feel when seeing the hungry birds?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-285eec14bff74675b2a284da4c803513",
            "input": "Article: Once upon a time in a land far away, there was a wonderful old man who loved everything:animals, spiders, insects... One day while walking through the woods the nice old man found a cocoon of a butterfly. He took it home. A few days later, a small opening appeared; he sat and watched the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to stop making any progress. It appeared as if it had gotten as far as it could and it could go no farther. Then the man decided to help the butterfly, so he took a pair of scissors and snipped off the remaining bit of the cocoon. The butterfly then emerged easily. But it had a swollen body and small, shriveled wings. The man continued to watch the butterfly because he expected that, at any moment, the wings would enlarge and expand to be able to support the body, which would contract  in time. Neither happened! In fact, the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling around with a swollen body and shriveled wings. It never was able to fly. What the man in his kindness and haste did not understand was that the restricting cocoon and the struggle required for the butterfly to get through the tiny opening were Nature's way of forcing fluid from the body of the butterfly into its wings so that it would be ready for flight once it achieved its freedom from the cocoon. Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life. If we were allowed to go through our life without any obstacles, it would cripple us. We would not be as strong as what we could have been. And we could never fly. \n Answer: The butterfly should spend more time practicing flying.",
            "output": [
                "In the story, what happened to the cocoon of the butterfly after the man's help?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fa8cb58fe41640619d2d361c60f4afb1",
            "input": "Article: About 1 in 15 households drink bottled water today, spending about $ 4 billion a year on it. Although the reasons for the trend are many, bottled water's health benefits fall near the top of the list. Surveys have found that about 25 percent of bottled water drinkers choose the beverage for health and safety reasons; another quarter believe it is pure and free of contaminants .  Regardless of its pristine image, bottled water is not necessarily any purer or more healthful than what flows right out of the tap.  Consider that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the bottled water industry watchdog, does not require that bottled water meet higher standards for quality, such as the maximum level of contaminants, than public water supplies regulated by the EPA. For the most part, the FDA simply follows EPA's regulatory lead. Granted, bottled water is often filtered to remove chemicals such as chlorine that may impart a certain taste. But that doesn't make it any safer. In fact, about 25 to 40 percent of bottled water comes from the same municipal water supplies as tap water. Furthermore, some bottled waters do not contain any or enough of the fluoride needed to fight cavities. The only way to determine whether a certain water contains the mineral is to check with the company that bottles it.  This is not to say that bottled water is necessarily any better or worse, from a health standpoint, than tap water. It's certainly preferable to tap water for those who like its taste. The problem is that many consumers pay 300 to 1,200 times more per gallon for bottled water than for tap water because they think bottled water is the more healthful of the two.  Bottlers add to the confusion by sprinkling terms such as \"pure\", \"crystal pure\" and \"premium\" on labels illustrated with pictures of glaciers, mountain streams, and waterfalls, even when the water inside comes from a public reservoir. However, the FDA has set forth regulations requiring clear labeling of bottled waters. The mini glossary of bottled waters explains what some of the terms used on bottles really mean. \n Answer: Labels on bottled water are used to mislead consumers.",
            "output": [
                "What conclusion can we draw from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0cdeb9e648f149ab8502740141d8d710",
            "input": "Article: The conversation soon turned into complaints about stress in work and in life. Offering his guests coffee, the professor went to the kitchen and returned with a large pot of coffee and a variety of cups -- plastic, glass, crystal, some plain-looking, some expensive, some fine -- telling them to help themselves to the coffee. When all the students had a cup of coffee in hand, the professor said: \"If you noticed, all the nice-looking, expensive cups were taken up, leaving behind the plain and cheap ones. While it is normal for you to want only the best for yourselves, that is the source of your problems and stress.\" \"What all of you really wanted was coffee, not the cup, but you consciously went for the best cups and were eyeing each other's cups.\" \"Now consider this: Life is the coffee and the jobs, money and position in society are the cups. They are just tools to hold and contain life, and do not change the quality of life. Sometimes, by concentrating only on the cup, we fail to enjoy the coffee. So, don't let the cups drive you... enjoy the coffee instead.\" \n Answer: Because there was nothing better than to complain.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the conversation soon turn into complaints?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-147d1474ff854ff58c7e4d66d79b945f",
            "input": "Article: The health of millions could be at risk because medicinal plants are being used up.These plants are used to make traditional medicine,including drugs to fight cancer.\"The loss of medicinal plants is a quiet disaster,\"says Sara Oldfield,secretary general of the NGO Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Most people worldwide (including 80 percent of all Africans)rely on herbal medicines which are got mostly from wild plants.But some 15,000 of the 50,000 medicinal species are under threat of dying out,according to a report from the international conversation group Plantlife.Shortages have been reported in China,India,Kenya,Nepal,Tanzania and Uganda. Overharvesting does the most harm,though pollution and competition from invasive species are both responsible.\"Businessmen generally harvest medicinal plants,not caring about sustain ability,\"the Plantlife report says.\"Damage is serious partly because they have no idea of it,but it is mainly because such collection is unorganized.\" Medicinal trees at risk include the Himalayan yew and the African cherry,which are used to treat some cancers. The solution,says the report's author,Alan Hamilton,is to encourage local people to protect these plants.Ten projects studied by Plantlife in India,Pakistan,China,Nepal,Uganda and Kenya showed this method can succeed.In Uganda the project has kept a sustainable supply of lowcost cancer treatments,and in China a public run medicinal plant project has been created for the first time. \"Improving health,earning an income and keeping cultural traditions are important in encouraging people to protect medicinal plants,\"says Hamilton.\"You have to pay attention to what people are interested in.\" Ghillean Prance,the former director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in London,agrees that medicinal plants are in need of protection. \"Not nearly enough is being done,\"he told New Scientist.\"We are destroying the very plants that are of most use to us.\" \n Answer: The dangerous situation of medicinal plants and ways of protecting them.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-96c4ddc02f744b23a73f2d0e83a20736",
            "input": "Article: Pollutants coming from automobile operation have begun to cause many environmental problems. It has been calculated, for example, that 70% of the carbon monoxide , 45% of the nitrogen oxides , and 34% of the hydrocarbon   pollution in the United States can be traced directly to automobile exhausts  . In addition, rubber, motor oil and other materials accumulate on roadways and are washed into streams, with effects nearly as serious as those of untreated waste water. In an effort to improve the situation, the U.S. government has made regulations on the use of the constituents   of automobile exhaust gas that are known to cause air pollution. These constituents fall roughly into three types: hydrocarbons that pass through the engine unburned; carbon monoxide, also a product of incomplete burning; and nitrogen oxides which are formed when nitrogen and oxygen are in contact at high temperatures. Besides their own poisonous character, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides react in the presence of sunlight to form harmful smog. Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons are rather easily controlled by the use of higher burning temperatures in engines. Unfortunately, the conditions that produce minimum emission of hydrocarbons tend to raise emission of nitrogen oxides. In a way this difficulty is solved by adding recycled exhaust gas to the fuel mixture, thus avoiding the oversupply of oxygen that favors formation of nitrogen oxides. California, which has the most strict air-pollution laws in the United States, requires further special compounding of gas to control emissions, and several states have ordered that alcohol be mixed with gas, as this will reduce emissions of the carbon monoxide by 35 per cent and the hydrocarbons by 15 per cent. \n Answer: Nitrogen and oxygen are put together in great heat.",
            "output": [
                "How are nitrogen oxides formed according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aeeb063574644d22a55478e068b8c751",
            "input": "Article: BELJLNG-Eating at a Beijing restaurant is usually an adventure for foreigners, and particularly when they get the chance to order \"chicken without sex life\" or \"red burned lion head\". Sometimes excited but mostly confused, embarrassed or even terrified, many foreigners have long complained about mistranslations of Chinese dishes. And their complaints are often valid, but such an experience at Beijing's restaurants will apparently soon be history. Foreign visitors will no longer, hopefully, be confused by oddly worded restaurant menus in the capital if the government's plan to correctly translate 3,000 Chinese dishes is a success and the translations are generally adopted. The municipal office of foreign affairs has published a book to recommend English translations of Chinese dishes, which aims to help restaurants avoid bizarre translations. It provides the names of main dishes of famous Chinese cuisines in plain English, \"an official with the city's Foreign Affairs office said .\" Restaurants are encouraged to use the proposed translations, but it will not be compulsory .\" It's the city's latest effort to bridge the culture gap for foreign travelers in China. Coming up with precise translations is a task, as some Chinese culinary techniques are untranslatable and many Chinese dishes have no English-language equivalent.The translators, after conducting a study of Chinese restaurants in English-speaking countries, divided the dish names into four categories: ingredients, cooking method, taste and name of a person or a place. For some traditional dishes, pinyin, the Chinese phonetic system, is used, such as mapo tofu(previously often literally translated as \"beancurd made by woman with freckles\"), baozi(steamed stuffed bun ) and jiaozi (dumplings) to \"reflect the Chinese cuisine culture,\" according to the book. \"The book is a blessing to tourist guides like me. Having it, I don't have to rack my brains trying to explain Chinese dishes to foreign travellers,\" said Zheng Xiaodong, a 31- year - old employe with a Beijing- based travel agency. \"I will buy the book as I major in English literature and I'd like to introduce Chinese cuisine culture to more foreign friends,\" said Han Yang, a postgraduate student at the University of International Business and Economics. It is not clear if the book will be introduced to other parts of China. But on Tuesday, this was the most discussed topic on weibo. com, China's most popular microblogging site. \n Answer: The effort to bridge the culture gap",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81f4d1f012b546bf907ef348b12d7ad1",
            "input": "Article: Did you ever look up at the moon and think you saw a man's face there?When the moon is round and full,the shadows of the moon mountains and the lines of the moon valleys sometimes seem to show a giant nose and mouth and eyes. At least,some people think so. If there were a man on the moon -- instead of mountains and valleys that just look like the face of a man -- what would he be like? He would not be like anyone you know. He would not be like anyone anybody knows. If the man on the moon were bothered by too much heat or cold the way Earth people are,he could not stay on the moon. The moon becomes very,very hot. It becomes as hot as boiling water. And the moon becomes very,very cold. It becomes colder than ice. Whatever part of the moon the sun shines on is hot and bright. The rest of the moon is cold and dark. If the man on the moon had to breathe to stay alive,he couldn't live on the moon because there's no air there.(He'd have to carry an oxygen tank,as astronauts do.) There's no food on the moon,either. Nothing grows -- not even weeds. If the man on the moon liked to climb mountains,he would be very happy. There are many high places there,such as the raised land around the holes,or craters,of the moon. Some of these  _ are as tall as Earth's highest mountains. But if the man on the moon liked to swim,he would be unhappy. There is no water on the moon -- just dust and rock. When you think of what it's like on the moon,you may wonder why it interests our scientists. One reason is that the moon is Earth's nearest neighbor -- it is the easiest place in space to get to. Going back and forth between the moon and Earth,astronauts will get a lot of practice in space travel. Things learned on moon trips will be of great help to astronauts who later take long,long trips to some of the planets. Scientists are also interested in the moon because it has no air. The air that surrounds Earth cuts down the view of the scientists who look at the stars through telescopes. A telescope on the moon would give them a clearer,closer view of the stars. \n Answer: The Man on the Moon",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6096a144394d427daeedc778d4abfe9e",
            "input": "Article: Early that day the weather turned and the snow was melting into dirty water. Streaks of it ran down from the little shoulder-high window that faced the backyard. Cars slushed by on the street outside, where it was getting dark. But it was getting dark on the inside too. He was in the bedroom pushing clothes into a suitcase when she came to the door. I'm glad you're leaving! I'm glad you're leaving! She said. Do you hear? He kept on putting his things into the suitcase. Son of a bitch! I'm so glad you're leaving! She began to cry. You can't even look me in the face, can you? When she noticed the baby's picture on the bed and picked it up. He looked at her and she wiped her eyes and stared at him before turning an d going back to the living room. Bring that back, he said. Just get your things and get out, she said. He did not answer. He fastened the suitcase, put on his coat, looked around the bedroom before turning off the light. Then he went out to the living room. She stood in the doorway of the little kitchen, holding the baby. I want the baby, he said. Are you crazy? No, but I want the baby. I'll get someone to come by for his things. You're not touching this baby, she said. The baby had begun to cry and she uncovered the blanket from around his head. Oh, oh, she said, looking at the baby. He moved toward her. For god's sake! She said. She took a step back into the kitchen. I want the baby. Get out of here! She turned and tried to hold the baby over in a corner behind the stove. But he came up. He reached across the stove and tightened his hands on the baby. Let go of him, he said. Get away, get away! She cried. The baby was red-faced and screaming. In the scuffle they knocked down a flowerpot that hung behind the stove. He crowded her into the wall then, trying to break her grip. He held on to the baby and pushed with all his weight. Let go of him, he said. Don't, she said. You're hurting the baby, she said. I'm not hurting the baby, he said. The kitchen window gave no light. In the near-dark he worked on her fisted fingers with one hand and with the other hand he gripped the screaming baby up under an arm near the shoulder. She felt her fingers being forced open. She felt the baby going from her. No! She screamed just her hands came loose. She would have it, this baby. She grabbed for the baby's other arm. She caught the baby around wrist and leaned back. But he would not let go. He felt the baby slipping out of his hands and he pulled back very hard. In this manner, the issue was decided. \n Answer: In the evening",
            "output": [
                "At what time of day does the story occur?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ce0abc0423864ebea99d27fda94303cd",
            "input": "Article: When thinking about placing a human being in space, one of the most important questions was how to design special clothing needed to protect a person from the dangers of the space environment. The cold of space will freeze skin in a short time. The fierce heat of the sun can cause serious burns. The lack of atmosphere can cause gases in the body to expand  and even burst. With no oxygen to breathe, a human being will die in only a few moments. Radiation from the sun is another risk in space. So is damage from small pieces of rock and objects like meteoroids  . In 1933, an American flyer, Wiley Post, designed one of the first successful devices to protect a pilot at extreme heights. It was a large device that looked like a can surrounded the pilot's head. Astronauts in the American space agency (NASA) flew the first American space flights in the early 1960s. The clothing was similar to that invented by Wiley Post. Today, astronauts wear very different protective clothing. It lets them move, do useful tasks, and stay outside their spacecraft in comfort and safety for several hours. The spacesuit is called the shuttle extravehicular mobility unit or EMU. It was designed to _ longer and to permit more movement than earlier spacesuits. The EMU has a number of parts that an astronaut can link together by using only one hand, which makes it possible for each astronaut to select the parts that fit correctly. Nowadays, NASA scientists are also considering the kind of spacesuits that would be needed for exploration on the planet Mars. Because of the gravity on Mars, spacesuits may have to be designed to be lighter than suits used in orbit or on the moon. The equipment may also have to protect astronauts from dust carried in the winds on Mars. And, they must be easy to repair and keep clean during a longer flight to and from the red planet. \n Answer: Radiation from the sun.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the dangers of space environment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-56057f56a33a43c9be54260e73e9bf7d",
            "input": "Article: More than two million Americans above 65 years of age suffer from depression. And in the next 35 years, twice as many people will find themselves in that age range --including me, and probably you too! So, what activities can prevent depression as we get older? Researchers at UCLA turned to a gentle \"Westernized\" version of tai chi, the 2,000-year-old Chinese martial art  . When a group of adults over 60 on antidepressant drug therapy   attended a weekly tai chi exercise class, standard rating scales showed greater improvement in their level of depression, along with improved quality of life, better memory and cognition  , and more overall energy when compared to study participants taking the same medicine but going to a weekly health education class. \"This is the first study to prove the benefits of tai chi in the management of late-life depression, and we were encouraged by the results,\" said Dr Helen Lavretsky, a UCLA professor. \"We know that nearly two-thirds of elderly patients who seek treatment for their depression fail to achieve relief with a prescribed medication  .\" In the study, 112 adults above 60 with major depression were treated with the prescription antidepressant medicine for approximately four weeks.Among those participants, 73 who showed only little improvement continued to receive the daily medication but were also assigned to 10 weeks of either a tai chi class or a health education class for two hours per week. \"Both groups showed improvement in the severity   of depression,\" said Lavretsky. But greater benefits were noted among those participating in tai chi. This study shows that adding a mind-body exercise like tai chi, which is widely available in the community, can improve the outcomes of treating depression in older adults.With tai.chi, we may be able to treat other, coexisting medical conditions without exposing them to additional medications.\" \n Answer: Apart from taking medicine, 73 patients also participated in either a tai chi class or a \nhealth education class.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c17a8e34d324608a9dfe3c48bd8d685",
            "input": "Article: Baths and bathing have been considered of an important medical therapy to man. In Greece there are the ruins of a bath tub and water system built over 3 000 years ago. The Romans had warm public baths. In some public baths as many 3 000 persons could bathe at the same time. Treating diseases by bathing has been popular for centuries. Modern medical bathing, or _ , first became popular in Europe and by the late 1 700's also became popular in the United States. For many years frequent bathing was believed to be bad for one's health. Ordinary bathing just to be clean was avoided, and perfume  was used to cover up body and smell. By the 1 700's doctors began to say that soap and water were good for health. They believed that it was good for people to be clean. Slowly, people began to bathe more frequently. In the United States ordinary bathing was slow to become popular. During the 18th and early 19th centuries, many Americans were known as \"the great unwashed\". In one American city, for example, a person could only take a bath every 30 days! That was a law. Frequency of bathing today is partly a matter of habit. People know that bathing for cleanliness is important to health. Doctors know that dirty bodies increase that chance of disease. Therefore in the United States people generally bathe often. \n Answer: The Greek used bath tubs.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is not true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e77541f084a345d1a1bf2b8ec6bf842a",
            "input": "Article: Back in the early 1900s, American physician Byron Robinson wrote a book proposing an interesting theory: humans actually have two brains --- one in our heads and the other in our stomachs, and the two \"communicate\" all the time. Interestingly, in Chinese culture, thoughts are also related to the belly in phrases and idioms like fugao (, a draft), manfu jinglun (, a bellyful of ideas), and yiduzi weiqu (, a bellyful of complaints). This may sound a little ridiculous at first. But try to think of a time when you were extremely nervous. Chances are that you also felt uncomfortable in your stomach, didn't you? This is probably why people use the idiom \"butterflies in one's stomach\" to refer to being nervous. Now scientists from Canada and the US have found that our guts  , if not as bright as our actual brains, are much more than just where we digest the food we eat. They also affect our emotions and even behavior, all thanks to the bacteria in them, reported Scientific American. In the study, scientists fed timid mice stomach bacteria from mice that were more active and daring. After eating the bacteria, the timid mice grew more energetic and fearless. Sure enough, when _ mice got the bacteria from timid ones, they became more anxious. The mice's behavior also changed when scientists disturbed the bacteria in their guts by changing their diets and feeding them antibiotics  . \"If something goes wrong in the gut, that change is reflected in the brain,\" Emeran Mayer, a professor at University of California, Los Angeles, told The Huffington Post. The brain-and-gut connection also works in the opposite way. Scientists studied children with autism   --- a mental illness that makes people unable to socialize with others --- and found that they also have a lot of stomach problems. They have fewer types of stomach bacteria and lower totals of a few key bacteria than healthy children. This research raises the possibility that scientists could treat patients with brain problems simply by feeding them the right food, which would be much more efficient than providing psychological therapy  . According to CBC News, you can get \"good\" bacteria that lift your spirits from food like yogurt while \"bad\" bacteria are usually in high fat and high sugar foods. \n Answer: Negative.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's attitude toward Byron Robinson's theory of two human brains?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c343f52bd8574f1da34dcf7e0f587646",
            "input": "Article: An older friend once gave me a piece of advice, \"Enjoy the last few weeks of college,\" she said, \"since college is the best time of your life.\" This was not the first time I'd heard such a statement, but with graduation fast coming close, her words especially struck me. It seemed a bit disappointing to reach one's life peak at only 22 years of age, but in her opinion, college had been one of the best times in my life so far. I made friends, took classes, and learned a great deal about myself. But I was also excited for the time after college--moving to a new city, starting a new job, and becoming a \"real\" person. I hoped that my great dreams were practical. Then, last week I read a column in Real Simple Magazine called 100 Years of Attitude, in which women 100 years or older shared their life experiences and views. I noticed that none of them considered college as the \"best\" time of their life. Not all of them went to college, but still in most cases their teens and twenties were not the best times of their life. They said some of their favorite times were raising their children, traveling after retirement, and even enjoying their present time and age. Enjoying one's present time and age was a clear theme of the interviews. A piece of advice given by the women was about the importance of making the best of all situations. I think it more accurate than that of my friend; I can say with certainty that if I am lucky enough to make it to 100, I refuse to spend the last 80 years of my life plummeting   downhill, or even leveling off. I am sure that our eagerness and devotion will make us college students live a meaningful life. We will not just look backwards or miss our college days. We will look forward in excitement about continued journey uphill. \n Answer: One should not look backwards at their college time.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following opinions does the writer agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4afaf1bfd37c49cc8e2c65ec0cdb74d3",
            "input": "Article: When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beggars. Certainly, most of the world's great religions order us to be open-hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. _ ? Maybe what was    morally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered  misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars.     Let us look at their arguments. First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil . Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one's sense of pride and self-dependence. There is an opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think the local government department should help the beggars It is hard to come to any final conclusion: there are various cases and we must deal with them differently. A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver. \n Answer: Arguments on giving to beggars.",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly discussed in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ec229a2ef7cb46cbbd10f51503d94706",
            "input": "Article: Christopher Thomas,27,was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast. Diagnosed with diabetes , Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin   three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage, blindness and even death. And if that weren't bad enough, he had no health insurance. After a month of feeling upset, Thomas decided he' d better find a way to fight back. He left Canton,Michigan for New York, got a job waiting tables, nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar, and created diabeticrockstar..com, a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones-a place where over l,100people share personal stories, information and resources. Jason Swencki' s son, Kody, was diagnosed with diabetes at six. Father and son visit the online children' s forums together most evenings. \" Kody gets so excited, writing to kids from all over,\" says Swencki, one of the site ' s volunteers.\" They know what he' s going through, so he doesn' t feel alone. \" Kody is anything but alone; Diabetes is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, with 24 million, diagnosed cases. And more people are being diagnosed at younger ages. These days, Thomas' s main focus is his charity,Fight It, which provides medicines and supplies to people--225 to date-- who can' t afford a diabetic' s huge expenses. Fight-it. Org has raised about $ 23,000 -- in products and in cash. In May, Thomas will hold the first annual Diabetic Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean. Even with a staff of 22 volunteers, Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause, while still doing his full-time job waiting tables. \" Of the diabetes charities out there, most are putting money into finding a cure, \" says Bentley Gubar, one of Rockstar ' s original members. \" But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now. \" \n Answer: He encourages diabetics by writing articles.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true of Christopher Thomas?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1b56e7c88d894e62af1ecdad8dff3915",
            "input": "Article: Two of the saddest words in the English language are \"if only\". I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment. My father is famous in our family for saying, \"Take the extra minute to do it right.\" I always try to live by the \"extra minute\" rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an \"if only\" moment, whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter, or something that required a little more work such as taping padding   onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table. I don't only avoid those \"if only\" moments when it comes to safety. It's equally important to avoid \"if only\" in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had _ an opportunity to say \"I love you\" or \"I forgive you.\" When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn't be here. But then I thought about the fact that he's 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn't give up an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all. I know there will still be occasions when I have to say \"if only\" about something, but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality. And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right, or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection, I know that I'm doing the right thing. I'm buying myself peace of mind and that's the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being. \n Answer: Move an object out of the way before it trips someone.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is an example of the \"extra minute\" rule?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4440ade7a8cd4256ac3030d62222eeca",
            "input": "Article: Making an apology is not the same as making amends. Sometimes we apologize just because it's the easiest thing to do. What's actually important is to identify where we go wrong, take full responsibility for our mistakes and , if possible, try to make up for them. A recent case involving Hewlett-Packed, the US computer giant, shows the importance of presenting a sincere apology. The Chinese consumers who had bought notebook computers of certain models, which have been put on Chinese market since 2007, suffered a massive flash screen failures and overheating problems. Through investigation, Chinese AQSIQ   identified these HP computers had quality problems and HP admitted this. HP made a proposal that they would extend the warranty   period of such computers, but this could not satisfied the consumers. What they needed was a thorough description of the truth. HP has \"sincerely\" apologized. But the consumers remain angry, and say that only a product recall -- as HP has done in the past -- will prove that the apology is sincere. Another apology that fell flat on its face was that of Thierry Henry, the famous French footballer. His deliberate handball in November 2009 created the goal which knocked Ireland out of the 2010 World Cup. The incident caused great anger in the football world, and eventually Henry issued an apology. Two days later, he wrote, \"I'm not the referee...but if I hurt someone I'm sorry.\" Better late than never, perhaps, but even then he passed the blame onto the referee! Such high-profile cases, which attract a lot of publicity often under the spotlight, but similar incidents occur in our everyday lives. Stress caused by schoolwork and tiredness can sometimes result in outbursts of anger against friends and family. Have you ever lost your temper for minor reasons? After calming down, most people are quick to realize their mistake and apologize. But it's just as important to identify what caused the error in the first place and take action to ensure it doesn't happen again. No one should hold a negative attitude to making a sincere apology. Empty words are easy to say, but they are as useless as they sound. A real show of remorse(;)demands hard work and to put error right. \n Answer: A true apology needs sincere actions.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author intend to tell us in the case of HP?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-47ba9f99a816455ba462e4c0b2773d1a",
            "input": "Article: Several years ago, I had a huge falling out with one of my best friends. So huge, in fact, that now I can't even remember what happened. In the past nine years, I've seen her twice, and each time we've been polite but distant. And that troubles me because we were once inseparable. I'd like nothing more than to go back nine years, and continue our friendship. But how? How do you reconnect with friends you've lost throughout the years? Linking to your past The desire to reconnect with lost friends isn't unusual. Why? Because friends link us to the past. \" _ ,\" says Sandy Sheehy. Although you can share information about your past with friends you've met recently, you don't have a shared history with them. So you wind up only telling them about your past, rather than sharing it with them. But many people never try to reconnect. Women especially have trouble taking the first step. Shyness or fear that the other person doesn't want to reconnect often stops many women. And that shouldn't be. Your friends probably want to be in touch with you as much as you want to be in touch with them. Searching for friends Fortunately, finding lost friends isn't as difficult as it once was, thanks to tools like the Internet. Our experts offer these suggestions for locating contact information: Search Internet sites designed to locate people like classmates.com and switchboard.com. Contact your high school or college alumni   office to request current address information. Surf online yellow pages. Check current phone records from your friend's hometown. Network with other friends who might have known your friend. Get in touch with any of her relatives, if you know where they live. If you know where she works, find the company's website and search the directory of personnel. \n Answer: How to rebuild friendship.",
            "output": [
                "What is the subject discussed in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-286777de3e6d4e4a82d848a67953aca3",
            "input": "Article: Recently I met a former student Jeanie, for lunch. She had been one of my sixth grade students. Before she had moved away, I had been asked to speak as someone who had been a motivator. I spoke telling the crowd gathered that she was a blessing and encouragement to me. She was a child that had come from a family with some problems. When we finally met, she told me that the thing that made me her favorite teacher was the speech I gave every year. I tell my students that when they wake each morning and come to school, they spend more time with me than they spend with their parents. They may be in the same house, but that does not mean that they spend time with them. I told them that my job was to teach them, comfort them, encourage them, and discipline them as needed. However, my most important job was to love them so that they could put away all other thoughts and prepare to learn. I have no losers in my class. They should therefore consider me their mom away from home. Over lunch, Jeanie asked if she could have the honor of calling me \"Mom\", because over the years _ She said she has heard from many friends and this is what they all remember about me  That I was not only their teacher, but their mom; someone to comfort them, guide them and teach them. \n Answer: She is one of sixth grade students.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true about Jeanie ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-98b53b1ee8ac409c915d7968ad7e7c5d",
            "input": "Article: My daughter Allie is leaving for college in a week. Her room is cluttered   with shopping bags filled with blankets, towels, jeans, sweaters. She won't talk about going. I say, \"I'm going to miss you,\" and she gives me one of her looks and leaves the room. Another time I say, in a voice so friendly it surprises even me: \"Do you think you'll take your posters and pictures with you, or will you get new ones at college?\" She answers, her voice filled with annoyance, \"How should I know?\" My daughter is off with friends most of the time. Yesterday was the last day she'd have until Christmas with her friend Katharine, whom she's known since kindergarten. Soon, it will be her last day with Sarah, Claire, Heather... and then it will be her last day with me. My friend Karen told me, \"The August before I left for college, I screamed at my mother the whole month. Be prepared.\" I stand in the kitchen, watching Allie make a glass of iced tea. Her face, once so open and trusting, is closed to me. I struggle to think of something to say to her, something meaningful and warm. I want her to know I'm excited about the college she has chosen, that I know the adventure of her life is just starting and that I am proud of her. But the look on her face is so mad that I think she might slug me if I open my mouth. One night -- after a long period of silence between us -- I asked what I might have done or said to make her angry with me. She sighed and said, \"Mom, you haven't done anything. It's fine.\" It is fine -- just distant. Somehow in the past we had always found some way to connect. When Allie was a toddler , I would go to the day- care center after work. I'd find a quiet spot and she would nurse -- our eyes locked together, reconnecting with each other. In middle school, when other mothers were already lamenting the estrangement they felt with their adolescent daughters, I hit upon a solution: rescue raids. I would show up occasionally at school, sign her out of class and take her somewhere -- out to lunch, to the movies, once for a long walk on the beach. It may sound irresponsible, but it kept us close when other mothers and daughters were floundering. We talked about everything on those outings -- outings we kept secret from family and friends. When she started high school, I'd get up with her in the morning to make her a sandwich for lunch, and we'd silently drink a cup of tea together before the 6:40 bus came. A couple of times during her senior year I went into her room at night, the light off, but before she went to sleep. I'd sit on the edge of her bed, and she'd tell me about problems: a teacher who lowered her grade because she was too shy to talk in class, a boy who teased her, a friend who had started smoking. Her voice, coming out of the darkness, was young and questioning. A few days later I'd hear her on the phone, repeating some of the things I had said, things she had adopted for her own. But now we are having two kinds of partings. I want the romanticized version, where we go to lunch and lean across the table and say how much we will miss each other. I want smiles through tears, bittersweet moments of reminiscence and the chance to offer some last bits of wisdom. But as she prepares to depart, Allie's feelings have gone underground. When I reach to touch her arm, she pulls away. She turns down every invitation I extend. She lies on her bed, reading Emily Dickinson until I say I have always loved Emily Dickinson, and then she closes the book. Some say the tighter your bond with your child, the greater her need to break away, to establish her own identity in the world. The more it will hurt, they say. A friend of mine who went through a difficult time with her daughter but now has become close to her again, tells me,\" Your daughter will be back to you.\" \"I don't know,\" I say. I sometimes feel so angry that I want to go over and shake Allie. I want to say, \"Talk to me -- or you're grounded!\" I feel myself wanting to say that most horrible of all mother phrases: \"Think of everything I've done for you.\" Late one night, as I'm getting ready for bed she comes to the bathroom door and watches me brush my teeth. For a moment, I think I must be brushing my teeth in a way she doesn't approve of. But then she says, \"I want to read you something.\" It's a pamphlet from her college. \"These are tips for parents.\" I watch her face as she reads the advice aloud: \"'Don't ask your child if she is homesick,' it says. 'She might feel bad the first few weeks, but don't let it worry you. This is a natural time of transition. Write her letters and call her a lot. Send a package of goodies...' \" Her voice breaks, and she comes over to me and buries her head in my shoulder. I stroke her hair, lightly, afraid she'll bolt if I say a word. We stand there together for long moments, swaying. Reconnecting. I know it will be hard again. It's likely there will be a fight about something. But I am grateful to be standing in here at midnight, both of us tried and sad, toothpaste smeared on my chin,  _ . \n Answer: because Allie is anxious about talking about leaving",
            "output": [
                "Why was there a period of silence between the author and Allie one night?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d1c3e76e942648d187b0df5a711baa5b",
            "input": "Article: On June 5, 1981 the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, U.S. announced the presence of a rare, infectious disease in five American homosexuals . Soon doctors were finding similar cases all over the country and the world. The AIDS epidemic had officially begun. By 1983 it was clear that AIDS had spread around the world. More than twenty years later, AIDS has left twenty-six million dead and another forty million infected.  AIDS has become the worst medical disaster ever experienced by mankind. Hundreds of young people between the ages of 20 and 45 died each week during the early years of the U.S. AIDS. More than 600,000 cases of AIDS have been reported since 1981 in the United States, and it is estimated that there may be as many as 900,000 Americans infected with HIV. Though the rate of HIV infections continues to increase in the United States, the number of AIDS cases has fallen sharply since 1996, when antiretroviral drugs came onto the market. Unfortunately, the AIDS epidemic continues today in Africa and much of Asia, where antiretroviral treatment is not available and health care is far from enough. AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, and the No. 1 cause of death due to infectious disease. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was first separated in 1983 by a team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. That discovery made it possible to develop a test for AIDS and trace back to victims who may have died before doctors were aware of the disease. However, scientists still don't know exactly how and where AIDS started. Finding the source of AIDS could be important in developing a vaccine  and be important in mapping the future course of the epidemic. \n Answer: Africa.",
            "output": [
                "Which areas are the most worrying places where AIDS spreads quickly?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e30b65b579874b04aeeccf490aaa319b",
            "input": "Article: .\" Those words were some of the last penned by George Eastman. He included them in his suicide note. They mark an ignoble end to a noble life, the leave taking of a truly great man. The same words could now be said for the company he left behind. Actually, the Eastman Kodak Company is through. It has been mismanaged financially, technologically and competitively. For 20 years, its leaders have foolishly spent down the patrimony of a century's prosperity. One of America's bedrock brands is about to disappear, the Kodak moment has passed. But George Eastman is not how he died, and the Eastman Kodak Company is not how it is being killed. Though the ends be needless and premature, they must not be allowed to overshadow the greatness that came before. Few companies have done so much good for so many people, or defined and lifted so profoundly the spirit of a nation and perhaps the world. It is impossible to understand the 20th Century without recognizing the role of the Eastman Kodak Company. Kodak served mankind through entertainment, science, national defense and the stockpiling of family memories. Kodak took us to the top of Mount Suribachi and to the Sea of Tranquility. It introduced us to the merry old Land of Oz and to stars from Charlie Chaplin to John Wayne, and Elizabeth Taylor to Tom Hanks. It showed us the shot that killed President Kennedy, and his brother bleeding out on a kitchen floor, and a fallen Martin Luther King Jr. on the hard balcony of a Memphis motel. When that sailor kissed the nurse, and when the spy planes saw missiles in Cuba, Kodak was the eyes of a nation. From the deck of the Missouri to the grandeur of Monument Valley, Kodak took us there. Virtually every significant image of the 20th Century is a gift to posterity from the Eastman Kodak Company. In an era of easy digital photography, when we can take a picture of anything at any time, we cannot imagine what life was like before George Eastman brought photography to people. Yes, there were photographers, and for relatively large sums of money they would take stilted pictures in studios and formal settings. But most people couldn't afford photographs, and so all they had to remember distant loved ones, or earlier times of their lives, was memory. Children could not know what their parents had looked like as young people, grandparents far away might never learn what their grandchildren looked like. Eastman Kodak allowed memory to move from the uncertainty of recollection, to the permanence of a photograph. But it wasn't just people whose features were savable; it was events, the sacred and precious times that families cherish. The Kodak moment, was humanity's moment. And it wasn't just people whose features were savable; it was events, the precious times that familes cherish.  Kodak let the fleeting moments of birthdays and weddings, picnics and parties, be preserved and saved. It allowed for the creation of the most egalitarian art form. Lovers could take one another's pictures, children were photographed walking out the door on the first day of school, decided what was worth recording, and hundreds of millions of such decisions were made. And for centuries to come, those long dead will smile and dance and communicate to their unborn progeny. Family history will be not only names on paper, but smiles on faces. The cash flow not just provided thousands of people with job, but also allowed the company's founder to engage in some of the most generous philanthropy in America's history. Not just in Kodak's home city of Rochester, New York, but in Tuskegee and London, and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He bankrolled two historically black colleges, fixed the teeth of Europe's poor, and quietly did good wherever he could. While doing good, Kodak did very well. Over all the years, all the Kodakers over all the years are essential parts of that monumental legacy. They prospered a great company, but they - with that company - blessed the world. That is what we should remember about the Eastman Kodak Company. Like its founder, we should remember how it lived, not how it died. History will forget the small men who have scuttled this company. But history will never forget Kodak. \n Answer: The poor management of the company",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is to blame for the fall of Kodak?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-85fb271d53be4c5bb721b4fa904368f9",
            "input": "Article: IMAGINE if there was a device that could do everything for you - wake you up every morning, chat with you and type your e-mails. The piece of technology in question would be smart, able to tell you about the weather and where the nearest restaurants are. The good thing is you no longer need to wonder, because something like this already exists. And its name is Siri. Siri is a voice recognition application designed for Apple products and the concept has been around for almost a year. When Siri first came out it could only speak English, but now it has \"learned\" lots of new languages, including Chinese, Cantonese and Taiwanese, reported The Wall Street Journal. So, you can give it orders in your mother tongue. But how could a cell phone or a computer \"hear\" what you are saying and understand it? This is all because of voice recognition technology. When you speak, your voice creates vibrations   in the air - a bit like waves in the water when you throw a rock into the lake. The microphone receives the vibrations and the computer changes them into digital data that is then divided into many parts. They are analyzed one by one to see what pronunciations each part stands for. The computer then puts these pronunciations together into possible words according to its built-in dictionary. But figuring out the words is far from enough; building words into meaningful sentences is the most difficult part. The computer has to compare what it hears to a large library of known phrases and sentences to determine what the user is saying. However, people don't always talk in the most standard way and sometimes make grammatical mistakes. This is why traditional voice recognition software always requires you to remember keywords and to speak in a certain way. Fortunately, Siri isn't like that. It's not just \"voice recognition\"; it's \"natural language understanding (NLU)\". You can ask it things like \"Do I need an umbrella today?\" and it will know that you are asking about the weather, according to ABC News. \"The key thing is NLU - understanding what you mean and what you want,\" Neil Grant from Nuance, a software company in the US, told The Guardian. \"Historically, you had to learn a huge long list of commands . As NLU progresses, you can say what you want in a way that's natural to you.\" \n Answer: Figuring out meaningful sentences based on the words.",
            "output": [
                "Which step is the most complicated in the process of voice recognition according to the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f0d38c80796544c7b3ac3130bb259961",
            "input": "Article: One sunny day last September, Tim heard some shouting. Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea. Two 12-year-old boys, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search for a football. Once they'd rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for _ and the boat was out of control. Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves. \"Everything went quiet in my head,\" Tim recalls . \"I was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.\" Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water. Every 500 yards or so, he raised his head to judge his progress. \"At one point, I considered turning back,\" he says. \"I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.\" After 30 minutes of struggling, he was close enough to yell to the boys, \"Take down the umbrella!\" Christian made much effort to take down the umbrella. Then Tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat. He took over rowing, but the waves were almost too strong for him. \"Let's aim for the pier ,\" Jack said. Tim turned the boat toward it. Soon afterward, waves crashed over the boat, and it began to sink. \"Can you guys swim?\" he cried. \"A little bit,\" the boys said. Once the were in the water, Tim decided it would he safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier. Christian and Jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs. Tim swan toward land as water washed over the boys' faces. \"Are we almost there?\" they asked again and again. \"Yes,\" Tim told them each time. After 30minutes, they reached the pier. \n Answer: To ask the boys to take down the umbrella",
            "output": [
                "why did Tim raise his head regularly?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-30acad5f065a46b1a7986f893ae04c76",
            "input": "Article: Almost all theme park accidents can be prevented.Here, based on coverage of theme park safety, are some tips to help you and your family stay safe on your next visit. If you are visiting with a child, take a moment to explain the ride to them, and tell them what they should do.They are depending upon you to keep them safe.Set a good example for them by following the rules of the park, and make sure that they know you expect them to follow those rules, too. Tell them to stay seated, to hold the grab bar or put their hands in the laps, and not to stick their knees and feet outside a ride vehicle.Make them look to you for the okay to get on or off a ride, too.And never put a crying child on a ride.If your child starts to cry, let others pass you in line until your child is calmed.Or, gently _ the queue and find something more relaxing to do. Young kids can't keep an adult's pace in a theme park.Let them take plenty of breaks. \"Kids get tired,\" said TPI reader Matt Johnson, a father of four.\"Tired kids make parents even more tired.And tired kids and parents may get hurt -- physically and emotionally.\" He advises that parents plan a mid-day break, perhaps a swim back at the hotel, to avoid mid-day heat and crowds.\"You will see cranky families having a miserable time while you are refreshed and having a great evening.\" \n Answer: They cannot put their hands away from the grab bar.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT right for children who are taking the rides?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-45147f58a4ad47eeaa22be95425783ef",
            "input": "Article: Students wishing to safeguard their careers against changes in the job market should opt for science rather than arts degrees, according to a survey of undergraduates. Engineering and chemistry were considered to be the most \"future proof\", as they are courses most likely to lead to an enduring and adaptable career. Students polled by Pearson College were broadly optimistic that their chosen courses would prepare them for a world in which the job market could change dramatically during their working lives. But opinion was sharply divided over which degrees were best for future-proof careers.   Eighty-two per cent of respondents believed engineering would help develop future-proof skills, with 74 per cent believing the same of chemistry and 73 per cent of computer science. But just 33 per cent of undergraduates believed history would lead to a future-proof career, and 40 per cent English. However more than two thirds of students (67 per cent) thought the world of work would be significantly different or completely unrecognizable in 20 years. The findings, published today, come after Education Secretary Nicky Morgan sparked controversy with claims that teenagers should steer clear of the arts and humanities and opt for science or math subjects if they want to access the widest range of jobs.  She said that in previous decades students would only take math or science if they wanted to pursue a specific career such as medicine or pharmacy, but nowadays that \"couldn't be further from the truth\". \"If you wanted to do something different, or even if you didn't know what you wanted to do...then the arts and humanities were what you chose. Because they were useful - we were told - for all kinds of jobs. Of course now we know that couldn't be further from the truth, that the subjects that keep young people's options open and unlock doors to all sorts of careers are the STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) subjects. \" She also described math as 'the subject that employers value most' and said that pupils who study A-level math will earn 10 per cent more over their lifetime. \"These figures show us that too many young people are making choices aged 15 which will hold them back for the rest of their lives.\" she said. \n Answer: Engineering or Chemistry",
            "output": [
                "In order to guarantee your future job, which kind of courses will you choose according to the survey?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-866e7385f7904b2a8760343725865cee",
            "input": "Article: People visit other countries for many reasons.Some travel on business;others travel to visit interesting places that are only found in other countries,such as the Taj Mahal  in India. Wherever you go, and for whatever reason,it is important to be safe.While the majority of people you will meet when traveling are sure to be friendly and welcoming, there are dangers--theft being the most common.Just as in your home country, do not expect everyone you meet to be friendly and helpful.It is important to prepare for your trip in advance, and to take precautions  while you are traveling. As you prepare for your trip, make sure you have the right paperwork.You don't want to get to your destination only to find you have the wrong visa,or worse,that your passport is about to _ .Also, make sure you travel with proper medical insurance, so that if you are sick during your travels,you will be able to get treatment.If you want to drive while you are abroad,make sure you have an international driver's license. Buy a guidebook and read about the local customs of the country you are going to.Also, try to learn a few basic words and phrases.  When you get to your destination, use official transport.Always go to bus and taxi stands; don't accept rides from strangers who offer you a lift.If there is no meter  in the taxi, agree on a price before you get in.If you prefer to stay in cheap hotels while traveling,make sure you can lock the door of your room from the inside.If you are traveling with valuables such as jewelry, or a lot of cash, you should ask about a safe for storing them in.Finally, remember to smile.Smiling is the friendliest and most sincere form of communication, and is sure to be understood in any part of the world! \n Answer: Tourists who plan to travel abroad",
            "output": [
                "Who is the passage intended for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af6641256699403e8998833f61a5e291",
            "input": "Article: Many people have been talking about the way in which the world will come to an end in 2012. Everybody wants to find out if December 21, 2012 is the last day of the earth. The rumor has already been spreading for a very long time. The Mayan's predictions can account for the rumor. According to the rumor, the earth will experience dramatic changes in 2012 and the changes will be disastrous to all of the living creatures on earth .It is widely assumed that a Planet X will return to orbit  the solar system. The return of Planet of Planet X will have a destructive effect on the solar system as well as on some planets including the Neptune  , the Jupiter  and the earth. Planet X will cross into their orbits. There's a possibility that Jupiter will change into a little sun at this time, so folks will be well placed to see two suns in the sky in 2012.  The solar flares that occur in a l1-year cycle will reach their highest point in 2012. The powerful solar flares will affect the magnetic field of the earth and cause disasters. On December 21,2012,the sun and the earth will line up in the same line at the equator . The winter solstice only occurs once every 25,800 years.The events in the universe are signals that the world will come to an end.As a result of the solar flares, lots of disasters will happen that will destroy the face of the whole earth.Scientists are making the guess primarily based on the Mayan Long Court Calendar.   Many films have been made about the end of the world including End Game by Alex Jones and End Clock:Nostradamus 2012.The former provides insights about the way the world will become one state.After the world government is in place,it's going to be easy to  _ 80%of the people in the world.The rest will continue to live with assistance from advanced technology.   No one knows whether the world will end on December 21,2012,There is no clear answer until the day arrives.Just as the Mayans claims,it will not be the time for the world to end.Instead.it will be the dawn of a flesh start. \n Answer: Information about end-of-the-world predictions.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-83200346c5624fcda30aef851ba7af0d",
            "input": "Article: Chuck was thirteen when he came home from the hospital. He came home not because he was getting better but because he wanted to be with people he knew and loved when he died. I came by the house to visit him and his family several times a week during his treatment. On most of my visits, Chuck was very weak. But the last time I saw him alive, he was awake. \"I have got something for you.\" He pulled out a piece of crumpled   paper from under his pillow. \"I want you to give this to my mom and dad after I die. You'll know when it's right, I guess, won't you?\"  \"What is it?\" I asked. \"It's a list of all the fun we had, and all the happy time when we laughed.\" I almost gasped in great surprise.  \"Like what?\" I asked quietly, trying to regain my calmness.   \"Like the time when Mom, Dad, Chrissie, Linda and me were dressed up as fruits and Dad was driving us to a costume party. Dad was a bunch of grapes and I was an apple, and the others were different things like bananas and pears.\"  And a policewoman  _ for speeding. When the policewoman came up to the car, she looked and started laughing so hard that she could hardly stand up. And we all started laughing and she said, \"Where are you all heading -- a salad bar?\" Dad said he was sorry to be speeding, but his kids were getting so ripe  that they were starting to draw flies. And she laughed till she had to take off her dark glasses and wiped tears from her eyes.\"  Chuck laughed and so did I. The list was full of laughing and fun. What a wonderful gift, I thought. \n Answer: He wanted to be with people who he knew and loved when he died.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Chuck go home from the hospital?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4836d70797ff4a53ae27f7bacc5d989e",
            "input": "Article: This year, Face book, the social media website announced that it would cooperate with several news organizations -- including The New York Times, The Guardian, and the BBC -- to place news stories directly into users' personal Face book webpage. Stories published using Face book Instant will load more quickly and keep the style of the original publisher, who will keep all the advertising income the stories earn -- at least for now. The deal shows how important social media has become to news organizations, and is a clear sign of how the world of news is changing -- and has been for a while. Many thought of it as the death of the newspaper, when Google News began in 2002. It had no human editor. Instead Google used, and still uses, a secret computer program that selects and displays news stories according to the reader's personal interests, More recently, Associated Press and Yahoo have been publishing computer-written articles. Both use special software to automatically produce stories about company financial results and sports reports -- areas where the quality of writing is felt to be of secondary importance to the accuracy of the data. I think we should be concerned about such developments. One concern is that Facebook, Google and other social media websites see journalism as a sideline  , a way of putting people in front of advertisements. _ isn't their primary function -- so if it stops making them lots of money, they're likely to stop doing it. There's another concern that computer-written articles are not actually journalism at all, because what a human news team produces is actually quite complex. A well-written news story puts information in context, offers a voice to each side of an argument and brings the public new knowledge. Although economics and speed of delivery mean readers will probably choose a computer-written story over a carefully shaped article -- at least for daily news -- I don't think the computers will be writing any in-depth articles for a while yet. \n Answer: To describe the process of online news reporting.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57d64469a61f4fc19e34b93db79a56ac",
            "input": "Article: Martin had just finished high school. He would go to college at the far end of the city. He didn't want to live there, and he didn't want to take the bus either. So his father agreed to buy him a car. His father spent all his summer teaching him how to drive, from the ABC to the XYZ. Thinking of the great feeling of driving a new car, Martin learned very quickly, and received his driver's license just before his eighteenth birthday. The second day, all the family, and their dog, went to a car shop. Martin spent almost all the morning going from one car to another. Finally he saw a red Blue Bird. He had a test drive on the open ground, and called out, \"This is what I want, Dad!\" When everything was done, they were ready to leave. Martin climbed into the front seat. He said excitedly, \"It's my first day driving alone. Dad, Mom, and Poo! Enjoy it!\" His dad immediately took the back seat, right behind the new driver. Martin wondered why his father chose that seat, for his father always enjoyed looking in front. So he said, smiling, \"I'm sure you're back there to have a change after all those weeks of sitting in the front seat teaching me how to drive.\" \"No,\" Dad replied, \"Do you remember what you did to me all those years when I took you to and from school? I am sitting here to hit and kick the back of your seat all the way!\" \n Answer: Martin was able to learn how to drive very quickly.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the reason why Martin's father agreed to buy him a car?."
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1c4de551b91c439d8cbffffdf36219e9",
            "input": "Article: You went to the butcher's for meat, the pharmacy for aspirin, and the grocery store for food. But when I spent the summer with my Grandmother in Warwick, N.Y., she sent me down to the general store with a list. How could I hope to find anything on the packed, messy shelves around me? I walked up to the counter. Behind it was a lady like no one I'd ever seen. Fake-jewel-encrusted glasses teetered  on the tip of her nose, gray hair was piled on her head. \"Excuse me,\" I said. She looked up. \"You're that Clements kid,\" she said. \"I'm Miss Bee. Come closer and let me get a look at you.\" She pushed her glasses up her nose. \"I want to be able to describe you to the sheriff  if something goes missing from the store.\" \"I'm not a thief!\" I was shocked. I was seven years old, too young to be a thief! \"From what I can see you're not much of anything. But I can tell you've got potential.\" She went back to reading her newspaper. \"I need to get these.\" I said, holding up my list. \"So? Go get them.\" Miss Bee pointed to a sign on the screen door. \"There's no one here except you and me and I'm not your servant, so I suggest you get yourself a basket from that pile over there and start filling. If you're lucky you'll be home by sundown.\" Sundown was five hours away. I wasn't sure I would make it. I scanned the nearest shelf for the first item on my list: pork and beans. It took me three wall-to-wall searches before I found a can nestled between boxes of cereal and bread. Next up was toilet paper, found under the daily newspaper. Band-Aids --where had I seen them? Oh, ye next to the face cream. The store was a puzzle, but it held some surprises too. I found a new Superman comic tucked  behind the peanut butter. I visited Miss Bee a couple of times a week that summer. Sometimes she short-changed me. Other times she overcharged. Or sold me an old newspaper instead of one that was current. Going to the store was more like going into battle. I left my Grandma's house armed with my list--memorized to the letter--and marched into Miss Bee's like General Patton marching into North Africa. \"That can of beans is only twenty-nine cents!\" I corrected her one afternoon. I had watched the numbers change on the cash register closely, and Miss Bee had added 35 cents. She didn't seem embarrassed that I had caught her overcharging. She just looked at me over her glasses and fixed the price. Not that she ever let me declare victory. All summer long she found ways to trip me up. No sooner had I learned how to pronounce bicarbonate of soda  and memorized its location on the shelf than Miss Bee rearranged the shelves and made me hunt for it all over again. By summer's end the shopping trip that had once taken me an hour was done in 15 minutes. The morning I was to return to Brooklyn, I stopped in to get a packet of gum. \"All right, Miss Potential,\" she said. \"What did you learn this summer?\" That you're a meany! I pressed my lips together. To my amazement, Miss Bee laughed. \"I know what you think of me,\" she said. \"Well, here's a news flash: I don't care! Each of us is put on this earth for a reason. I believe my job is to teach every child I meet ten life lessons to help them. Think what you will, Miss Potential, but when you get older you'll be glad our paths crossed!\" Glad I met Miss Bee? Ha! The idea was absurd. Until one day my daughter came to me with homework troubles. \"It's too hard,\" she said. \"Could you finish my math problems for me?\" \"If I do it for you how will you ever learn to do it yourself?\" I said. Suddenly, I was back at that general store where I had learned the hard way to tally up  my bill along with the cashier. Had I ever been overcharged since? As my daughter went back to her homework, I wondered: Had Miss Bee really taught me something all those years ago? I took out some scrap paper  and started writing. \n Answer: The store was in disorder and she was not familiar with the shop.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer spend a long time doing her first shopping in the general store?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-41bcd19f4c4444a3a21191a1f2d82c6f",
            "input": "Article: HOTEL INFORMATION 3800 W. Commercial, Ft. Lauderdale, FL33309 Lowest Prices 110% Guaranteed . Room Information: Rooms are equipped with Double, Queen, or King bed (s) .smoking or non-smoking based on location and availability. Provided in each guest room is a hairdryer, coffee maker, iron, ironing board and cable TV. Check-in Time: 7:00 P. M. Hotel Amenities : Air Conditioner, Parking, 24 Hour Front Desk, Pool, Television with Cable, Coffee Maker in Room, Hairdryers Available. 625N. Fort Lauderdale Beach Blvd, Ft. Lauderdale. FL 33304 Room Information: The oceanfront accommodations at Beach Plaza Hotel are some of the most affordable on Fort Lauderdale Beach. Each room has direct-dial telephone, cable television and daily maid service. Full kitchens available! All rooms surround the private poolside garden courtyard. Check-in Time: 7:05 P. M. Hotel Amenities: Air Conditioner, Coffee Maker in Room, 24 Hour Front Desk, Free Parking, Hairdryers Available, Pool, Television with Cable. w.w.^w.k.&s.5*u.c.#om 3711N. Ocean Blvd. Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33308 Room Information: Guest rooms include TVs, in-room movies, Internet access, in-room safes, alarm clock radios, hairdryers, refrigerators, microwaves and balconies. Check-in Time: 7:00 A. M. Hotel Amenities: Parking, Heated Pool, Cable TV and Coffee Maker in Room. \n Answer: All the three hotels",
            "output": [
                "Which hotel gives a promise?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5b2fc4f3e18743e79720acd7b7ca26db",
            "input": "Article: What is the senior project?   The Senior Project at Clark Magnet High School is a program that shows a senior's ability to apply knowledge and skills, speak, write, solve problems and practice the life skills of time management, organization and risk-taking. Clark teaching staff, community members and school district staff act as advisers, evaluators during the research, project and presentation stages.  The key parts of the Senior Project are: 1) A research paper  A six to eight page persuasive research paper on a topic chosen by the students. The research paper strengthens effective writing skills learned in English class. Because the paper is persuasive, students should choose a topic about which they have a strong opinion. They should use elements learned when debating to convince the readers of the strong opinion stated in the paper, and prove it through research.   2) A physical product and fieldwork  A physical product and fieldwork (15-hour minimum requirement) related to some aspect of the paper. The 15 hours can be obtained through community service, job shadowing, or making an actual project. Students explore topics that are academic in nature, a hobby, a passion, or a possible future career.   3) Data collection Data collection that combines the first two parts and records hours spent on the fieldwork. The collection contains evidence of the fieldwork presented through letters from the students' advisors, pictures showing the process of the project or anything else that would show proof of the work completed.    4) Speech presentation A fifteen minute speech presented before a review board composed of school staff, district representatives, former students, and community representatives. The speech is a chance to show the students' senior project. Students are to dress professionally and summarize their senior project journey. Students will talk briefly about their research paper, their project, and what they learned. The speech should include visual aids. If the presentation includes performing, the students must speak for at least five minutes.  The Senior Project is a vehicle that allows students to use the knowledge and skills they have acquired in a \"real-world\" application. It has the potential to motivate the students, connect the school with the community, and create pathways from school to career. \n Answer: To offer students chances to apply their learning to practice.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of the project?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6bd095fbf7534a6db2eb09ff341ad82b",
            "input": "Article: Antonia left Athens and came to America to make her fortune. She wanted to be a famous actress, so she went to live in Hollywood, California. At first, Antonia had very little money, so she was forced to watch every penny while  _ of movie agents' offices. For over a year, she worked only in small parts. She found life extremely hard. She had to take buses or walk everywhere, and she ate only one meal a day. Even though she worked nights as a waitress, Antonia could not really make ends meet. Suddenly, one day, the star of a film became ill, and the director asked Antonia to take the part. Her acting was superb. After the first show of the film, she became an overnight success. Everyone gave her mad notice, and she received many offers for future starring roles. Since then, Antonia has changed her whole way of life. Now she wears expensive furs and drives a Rolls-Royce. She lives in a twenty-seven room house in Beverly Hills, with seven servants. All her needs are cared for. For Antonia, America is truly the land of streets paved with gold. Through her hard work, she has earned the fame she desired so much. \n Answer: Her experience as a waitress.",
            "output": [
                "What changed Antonia's way of life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ef3c5cfa82a44ddfb514ad51eda556b2",
            "input": "Article: It is of great importance for students to be able to get a feel for the rhythm and sounds of a poem---more so than for most pieces of prose  . This isn't always easy in a second language, and so listening to their teacher read the poem, or to a professional recording, perhaps by the poet or by an actor, is, I feel, necessary. As with any listening activity, students will need some kind of preparation and task so that they can be actively engaged. They might be asked to check predictions that arose from a warm-up discussion, to compare their suggested rhyming couplets with the poet's, or to identify stressed words and syllables. You might also want to get your students to listen to recorded or live discussions about poems. This can, for example, take the form of a couple of teachers or a group of students giving their views on a poem, or even an interview with the poet. I'm a big fan of jigsaw listening because of the natural information gap. If your school has the facilities, you might like to: divide your students into two, or even three groups give each group a different cassette or CD and tasks to work on then they come back together to share what they have learned. Remember that your own enthusiasm is a key factor in any activity relating to literature in the classroom. Finally, don't forget to encourage art for art's sake. Listening for pleasure, to poetry (or to anything else, for that matter), is to be fostered at every opportunity, because of the obvious benefits which include motivation, vocabulary acquisition and learner independence. Many good song lyrics   could be termed poetry and treated accordingly in the classroom, copyright rules permitting. \n Answer: An English student will have difficulty understanding Li Bai's poems.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a05ef6a88b504be9b5030b27cd7aca0e",
            "input": "Article: Samuel Osmond is a 19-year-old law student from Cornwall, England. He never studied the piano. However, he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them. He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts. Then he thinks about the notes in his head. Two years ago, he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven. He surprised everyone around him. Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly, his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable .They say his ability is very rare, but Samuel doesn't even realize that what he can do is special. Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents, but music teachers told him he should study music instead. Now, he studies law and music. Samuel can't understand why everyone is so surprised. \"I grew up with music. My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar. About two years ago, I suddenly decided to start playing the piano, without being able to read music and without having any lessons. It comes easily to me ---I hear the notes and can bear them in mind---each and every note,\" says Samuel. Recently, Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college. The piece had more than a thousand notes. The audience was impressed by his amazing performance. He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can't play it. Samuel says confidently,\" It's all about super memory---I guess I have that gift.\" However, Samuel's ability to remember things doesn't stop with music. His family says that even when he was a young boy, Samuel heard someone read a story, and then he could retell the story word for word. Samuel is still only a teenager. He doesn't know what he wants to do in the future. For now, he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies. \n Answer: He can play the musical piece he hears.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about Samuel Osmond?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4bdf6406aa29452ab5c9601c8ae491ef",
            "input": "Article: \"Good fences make good neighbors\", the television commentator said, misquoting Robert Frost for the millionth time in my memory.It made me wonder if the poet was not looking down from Heaven and sadly shaking his head.     No line of poetry has ever been more misused in history than that one.It comes from Frost' s great poem Mending Wall.In it he writes of him and his neighbor repairing the broken stone wall that divides their property  .Frost questions why they are doing so, because there are no animals that need fencing in.He sees as well that the wall is a symbol of the barriers   that people create to separate themselves from each other.He wisely writes that, \"Before I built a wall I'd ask to know what I was walling in or walling out, and to whom I was like to give offence  .'Something there is that doesn't love a wall, that wants it down'.\"     His neighbor, however, who Frost describes as a \"stone savage\" who \"moves in darkness\" refuses to part from the ways of his forefathers and goes along foolishly with their belief that \"Good fences make good neighbors.\"     I wonder if Mr.Frost would have ever written his poem if he had known that the line he wrote in irony   would be used again and again to encourage what he was so against.Perhaps he would have written a different one about tearing down the fences that separate us and breaking apart the walls that hide our hearts from each other.Either way, we should embrace the wisdom he shared with us.Fences and walls separate us from each other.We need to take them down stone by stone, walk through them, and embrace each other in joy.We need to love our neighbors.We need to see that good fences DO NOT make good neighbors.They just make lonely hearts. \n Answer: He is anxious about the misunderstanding of Frost's idea.",
            "output": [
                "What can we say about the author from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d422c26fb4924dc6a200a9feb49c6ffa",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever wanted to travel back in time? What about traveling into the future? There's an easy way to do it. One way you can make a time travel journey is by writing a letter to your future self to be opened in the future. To your future self, the letter will be a visit from the past. What can be gained by writing a letter to yourself? Depends on how good your letter is. You have the chance to say something to your future self. What would you want to say? You'll be able to talk to yourself 5,10,15 years down the road. There may be instructions for your future self, or you may have goals that you will want to reach. There are a lot of things you could include in your letter or letters to yourself. The more you include, the better the letter will be to you. Be creative with what you put in your letter. Include a picture of yourself or family to show the period from which the letter came. You can store your letter in many different ways. You can give your letter to a friend or family member to keep and mail to you. If you can get others to take part, have them write letters to themselves as well and ask someone to be the letter holder until it's time to send the letters. You can also use a service online to store your letter and e-mail it to you. Ready to write to yourself two and a half years down the road? \n Answer: By writing a letter to your future self.",
            "output": [
                "How can you travel into the future?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7d554bb464834849a0324459167c4e71",
            "input": "Article: The lce Bucket Challenge, in which people dump a bucket of ice water on their heads and challenge others to do the same, has brought in millions of dollars in donations for the ALS Association, and is among the biggest viral  phenomena 2.4 million vides related to the ice bucket challenge have been shared on the social network, and more than 28 million people have posted, commented or liked a post relating to the challenge. \"Marrying the Internet's love of challenges with donation and charity is _ .\" Said Neetzan Zimmerman, a former editor at Gawaker who's widely considered as an expert in viral phenomena. \"There is no other way to say this--it's absolutely pure brilliance .\" The nature of the Ice Bucket Challenge is, in itself, quick in spread. \"People want to look good to others, so it's hard to turn down a prosocial cause,\" said Jonah Berger, an author of Contagious: Why Things Catch On. \"ALS is a great cause, so when someone asks you directly to do this, it's hard to turn them down without seeming like a bad person.\" The Ice Bucket Challenge campaign has been great for the ALS Association, a non-profit organization that does research and provides help for patients with Lou Gehrig's disease. It has received $ 22.9 million since July 29 and the donations are coming not only from existing donors, but from nearly half a million new donors. Celebrities  have been interested in the cause, which has undoubtedly accelerated the spread. At this point, it's almost difficult to find a celebrity who hasn't had ice water dumped on his or her head. Kobe and Lcbron have done it and Bieber has done it twice. \"If you are doing, it's as if you could stand in for them,\" said Jennifer Cool, an anthropologist at USC who studies Internet culture and history. \"You can be in the shoes of Lady Gaga or Bill Gates, too.\" And, of course, there's showing off factor, Internet is a place to show off and promote yourself, filled with incredible vacation photos, reminders to all that you're in love with challenges. You may have some friends who've seemed eager to show off their bikini or swim trunk bodies in their Ice Bucket Challenge videos. At this point, some celebrities seem to be trying to one-up each other. Bill Gates released a highly produced video of himself designing a method of dumping water on himself. Hockey player Paul Bissonnette, for some reason, had a helicopter drop glacier water on him. \n Answer: Because it spreads quickly.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author call the Ice Bucket Challenge a viral phenomenon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b4575c7a9bdd4dad9f530e0bcfff4930",
            "input": "Article: Sometimes,you just can't help it.Maybe you're watching a sad movie,or thinking about the friend who moved away.Next thing you know,your eyes are watering,and you have tears running down your cheeks.Why do people cry when they are emotional? What are tears? Scientists are working hard to find the answers to these questions. Ad Vingerhoets is a professor of psychology at Tilburg University,in the Netherlands.He is one of the few scientists in the world who have studied crying.According to Vingerhoets,there are three types of tears.Basal tears are the first type.They lubricate the eyes and act as a protective barrier between the eye and the rest of the World.Next are reflex tears.They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them.Finally,there are emotional tears. \"These are released in response to emotional states,\"explains Vingerhoets.\"Especially when we feel helpless.\" Scientists believe that crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other.\"Humans are very complex social creatures,\"says Lauren Bylsma,a professor at the University of Pittsburgh,in Pennsylvania.\"It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others,''She says.\"Another reason we weep is that humans have the longest developmental period of almost any animal.It takes a long time to grow up.\" Vingerhoets agrees.\"I think that the reason why humans shed tears has something to do with our childhood,\"he says.\"That's the time when we are stir dependent on adults for love and protection and care.The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person.\"Vingerhoets says this ability to target someone could have come in hand in prehistoric times,when humans were living among dangerous animals.Crying could attract predators .Tears were a safer way to get attention.In this case,it is better to use a silent signal to ask for help,\"he says. Vingerhoets and Bylsma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry.According to Byhma,there is still much more to discover.\"It's surprising,\"she says,\"how much we still don't know.\" \n Answer: Tears when dirt gets into eyes.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is reflex tears?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac64dc88fe0744b78fdb27e9de516d6b",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever dreamed about sending a letter to yourself or your friends in the future ? While express mail representing efficiency and speed is prevalent in China , there is another type of mail appearing as a new business : \" Future Mail \" . \" Future Mail \" service can make people slow down and let them understand the meaning of \" time \" in another way . And \" Future Mail \" letters are \" reminders of affection , friendship and love \". Lin Xiaofan , a senior high school student in Hefei , wrote a letter to her mother in advance to express her love to her mother for next Mother's Day . Feng Xiao , a youth who feels pressure despite of some achievements in her career decided to write a letter to herself on her 25th birthday and have it delivered five years later on her 30th birthday through a \" Future Mail \" . She expressed her thoughts about her present life and her expectations for the future to encourage herself to face up to the challenges of her life with courage . While \" Future Mail \" is gaining popularity , some people are concerned about what happens if the postal address of the receiver changes or if the company goes broken before letters are delivered . Actually , customers required to complete an acceptance form and make an assessment so they can be _ if their letters or goods are lost or damaged . Most of the business's customers are college students and young white-collar workers . Psychologists said young Chinese might be given a vent to their negative feelings through the service . Most people put their hopes and wishes in the letters so they can experience the connection between \" past \" and \" present \" while they receive the letters . It can help people reunderstand the meaning of \" time \" . \n Answer: \" Future Mail \"service can let people reunderstand the meaning of \" time \" .",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a778564a96e64a039ed44c84ab645e92",
            "input": "Article: British English and American English are almost the same. But there are slight differences between British and American English in vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling and grammar. The first difference between British and American English is in vocabulary. Almost all of the words used in British English and American English are exactly the same. Only a very small number of words are used _ . For example, Americans would say \"apartment\", but the British would say \"flat\" to talk about the place where they live. In addition to some common words, many idiomatic expressions are different. In England people might say \"I'll ring you up tonight\", but in the US, people might say \"I'll call you up tonight\". The second difference between British and American English is in Pronunciation. The main difference in pronunciation concerns the vowels . Some American dialects and some British dialects use vowels in different ways. Sometimes, Americans and the British don't understand each other's pronunciation. But most of the time, the British and Americans do understand each other's pronunciation because most of the sounds of the two dialects are the same. The third difference is very small. This is the difference in spelling. A few types of words are spelled differently in British and American English. The most common example is in a word like \"center\". In British English, this word would be spelled C-E-N-T-R-E, while in American English the same word would be spelled C-E-N-T-E-R. Another example is \"or\" vs \"our\". The word \"color\"is spelled C-O-L-O-U-R in Britain but C-O-L-O-R in the US. There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British may say \"Have you got..?\" while Americans prefer \"Do you have..?\" An American might say \"my friend just arrived\", but a British would say \"my friend has just arrived\". Sometimes function words are used differently: the British may say \"at the weekend\", but Americans would say \"on the weekend\". \n Answer: Differences between British and American English",
            "output": [
                "What is this passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a5897796aa084912a3b6e1c36bab4023",
            "input": "Article: Crystal Ear One day a friend asked my wife Jill if I wanted a hearing aid. \"He certainly does,\"replied Jill. After hearing about a remarkable new product, Jill finally got up the nerve to ask me if I'd ever thought about getting a hearing aid. \"No way,\"I said. \"It would make me look 20 years older.\"\"No, no\"she replied. \"This is entirely different. It's Crystal Ear!\" Jill was right. Crystal Ear is different ---- not the old-styled body worn or over-the-ear aid, but an advanced personal sound system so small it's like contacts for your ears. And Crystal Ear is super-sensitive and powerful, too. You will hear sounds your ears have been missing for years. Crystal Ear will make speech louder, and the sound is pure and natural. I couldn't believe how tiny it is. It is smaller than the tip of my little finger and it's almost invisible when worn. There are no wires, no behind-the-ear device. Put it in your ear and its-ready-to-wear mold fits comfortable. Since it's not too loud or too light, you may even forget that you're wearing it! Use it at work or at play. And if your hearing problem is worse in certain situation, use Crystal Ear only when you need it. Hearing loss, which is typically prior to teenage years, progresses throughout one's lifetime. Although hearing loss is now the world's number-one health problem, nearly 90 percent of people suffering hearing loss  choose to leave the problem untreated. For many millions, treating hearing loss in a conventional way can involve numerous office visits, expensive testing and adjustments to fit your ear. Thanks to Crystal Ear, the \"sound solution\"is now convenient. Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss, and millions more with just a little hearing dropoff, can be dramatically helped with Crystal Ear. Moreover, its superior design is energy-efficient, so batteries can last months. Crystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a small hearing amplifier . \n Answer: It would make him look like an old man",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer refuse to wear a hearing aid at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7463fd66990f4e889edd9eccfb3b8d09",
            "input": "Article: Welcome to the Van Gogh Gallery for information about the life and work of Vincent van Gogh. As a post impressionist painter and one of the most famous artists of all time, Vincent van Gogh has become a model. From growing up in Holland and working as a pastor , moving to France and creating an unbelievable collection of artwork, this site takes an in-depth look at Van Gogh's life , his work and the influence he has had on our culture. Van Gogh had many influences on his life including his family and friends, other artists such as Edgar Degas, and his health. To see how each of these affected his life please visit the Important Figures, Artistic Influences and Health sections. For information about how Van Gogh's art has influenced our society today, view the Impact on Art, Cultural References, or News section. If you are interested in adding more Van Gogh to your life, the Van Gogh Gallery has plenty to offer. Download Van Gogh images of some of his most famous paintings as wallpaper for your computer, shop for Van Gogh posters or prints, or check out some of the additional resources available including links to Van Gogh museums and shows. There are even lesson plans from multidiscipline areas for those interested in educating others about Van Gogh's art and life. Van Gogh has influenced generations of young artists worldwide since his time. Today we can see his influence in painting, in poetry and in video. We are happy to display new examples of art that were influenced by Van Gogh in our Van Gogh Community Art section. Tragically, Van Gogh died not knowing the praise his art would receive. He will be forever known as one of the greatest artists of the modern era. Through this website, the Van Gogh Gallery aims to share his life and heritage with the world. \n Answer: To provide information about the artist's life and work.",
            "output": [
                "What's the function of the Van Gogh Gallery?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9c33f3d67c994199ba518fca02056f36",
            "input": "Article: Part of the fun of watching sports events is following an exciting rivalry  . But where do all these rivalries come from? Some rivalries start because athletes spend a lot of time close to opponents  . Other rivalries get personal. Things that one rival says that are thought to be not respectful to the other can cause a rivalry, even if the words are misunderstood. And sometimes, rivalries grow just because the athletes don't like each other's personalities. Some sports may also be more likely than others to cause rivalries. \"Some sports only meet a few times, so there is less chance for rivalries to build,\" For example, in sports where athletes perform on their own, such as diving, rivalries might also take longer to appear than in sports in which athletes compete at the same time. But in tennis, players often face each other, and rivalries are more likely to happen. So do the rivalries do good or harm to the athletes? Some believe that rivalries can be a good thing because they encourage athletes to try harder to win. But rivalries can also become too personal, taking athletes' attention away from their sports. Keegan agreed that rivalries often do athletes more harm than good. \"They can be a huge distraction   and lead to focusing on the opponent more than the game,\" he said. \"Top athletes often have physical and mental training that they follow in order to worry less and prepare to compete\", Gould further explained. An important part of that preparation is preventing from distractions, including rivalries. \"The better athletes don't care too much about a rivalry - they try to treat every competition the same,\" Gould told LiveScience. \n Answer: Soccer.",
            "output": [
                "According to the article, which of the following sports is least likely to cause a rivalry?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-808bea5ed06048ad9e37f49ba6b80e1e",
            "input": "Article: My aunt died back in about 2003. She was eighty-four and so was my uncle. When she passed he felt miserable. They had been married for over 60 years. After my aunt's death, he attended his church more frequently and his mourning was nearly unbearable to witness. His only daughter lived clear across the country in the south so he had only himself to make a comfort. My cousin talked him into selling the house that he and my aunt had built together about twenty-five years before. It was very hard to part with the home they built together. One day he called my cousin who was living in Texas and told her that he reconnected with a lady from a church that he and my aunt went to forty years previously. She played the piano and his church was looking for new music. Her husband had died about seven years previously. He said he just wanted someone to go out to dinner with and spend time with. We were happy for them but had no idea how it would turn out. They were both almost eighty-seven years old. They were like lovebirds and spent as much time together as they could. They both had one child each, she a son, he a daughter. The conflict in their relationship came one day when they neither wanted to leave their respective churches. Before too long they realized that they did not want to be apart. They would find a new church together. They planned to marry. When he took her to a jewelry store and bought her a diamond, the employees were so impressed that they had a big write up in our own local paper, \"The 'Truth for Valentines' Day. \" They prepared for their wedding. They moved the wedding date up because neither wanted to wait any longer to \"be together\". They got married in her house, where her first marriage took place. It was such a beautiful refreshing thing to see, two people who you would have thought had pretty much lived their lives, were beginning a new one together. \n Answer: Love is never too late",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage above?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0c28dbad7feb4cfe816303a7658f57dc",
            "input": "Article: Men can be beautiful too,right? China is going to host the 18th World University Student  Beauty Contest in Guangzhou this December.This year for the  first time the contest will include a male section.Students  from over 130 countries will compete for Mr and Miss Beauty.The contest is one of the most respected beauty contests in the world.It was copied by the United Nations University (an international university belonging to the United Nations) in 1986. Stick to studying Li Yining,an economics professor at Peking University,said that he would not encourage students to try their luck in the stock market  .\"They should stress study,\" Li said in his speech at Beijing Foreign Studies University.When asked,the professor said he expected house prices in Beijing to continue to rise.Li thinks the government should provide more affordable houses for lowlevel income people. Campus cinema Students at over 100 universities will have a digital cinema on campus after the National Day holiday.The 21st Century Digital Film on Campus Project was _ at the end of September.The ticket will cost 3-8 yuan,rather than 30-40 yuan at cinemas in town.Students often download movies online or watch DVDs.Now they can  enjoy original films in the digital cinema.The digital cinema will show a variety of  films besides Hollywood blockbusters   . Getting practical All 12,000 graduates from vocational school in Shanxi Province have landed a job,according to the provincial government.In the past five years, it is estimated that over 95 percent of the professional school graduates have found jobs.However,the number for university graduates is 70 percent.Some employers said that they prefer professional school graduates who learned something more practical in school and expected lower salaries than university students. \n Answer: A newspaper.",
            "output": [
                "Where can the material be chosen from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-226e654666274af7ba4db99a37b0da30",
            "input": "Article: Online grocery shopping was counted as the next great innovation to make our lives easier. In China more than 3,000 websites offer the service, but none have turned a profit. Xiang Nian has had a hard day at the office but at least she can skip the trip to the grocery store. A text message on her phone lets her know the order she placed earlier in the day has been delivered to a locker outside her apartment. \"It's really convenient for an office worker like me. My fresh products are waiting for me when I get home and can start cooking. No need to go to the supermarket any more,\" Xiang says. One of the largest online supermarkets in Wuhan is Just-easy Fresh Produce. Over the past 3 years, the company has developed its online retail grocery business by guaranteeing fresh produce and an innovative delivery system. They've installed thousands of lockers in communitieshttp:// / around downtown Wuhan. \"We get an average of 8,000 orders per day. That's the most in China, I'm proud of it. We have placed over 20 thousand lockers in more than half of the communities in Wuhan and we plan to expand to all of them. Many e-commerce giants, like Taobao, are talking about cooperation with us,\" Jie Xiaofeng, manager of Wuhan Just-easy Agricultural Science & Technology Co., says. While Just-easy may have thousands of customers, a staff of almost 300 and 40 delivery trucks, _ . \"There are over 3,000 companies selling fresh products online in China. But none is making a profit. It will take them at least 3 years before they make a profit. The major challenge is the cost of delivery. But they do have many advantages. The price of their goods is lower than the supermarkets,\" professor He Dehua at Huazhong Agricultural University, says. A number of China's e-commerce giants are making moves into online grocery sales, with Taobao opening an online platform it calls \"Cainiao\". And traditional retailers  including Wal-Mart and Carrefour are also looking to start selling their produce online. Many big B2C e-commerce players usually take fresh farm produce as the last category to add to their offerings. But now more and more large businesses have set their eyes on the industry. They want to prove the fresh food market is definitely suited to online sales. \n Answer: None of the online grocery supermarkets has made a profit.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a22e3926893f42bf9c305ab832150395",
            "input": "Article: In South America, the rich soil of the Amazon River basin in Brazil is known as \"black gold\". Scientists found that the secret of this rich soil was charcoal . Local people made it from animal bones and tree branches. They mixed the charcoal with the soil about 1.500 years ago. Now, scientists in the United States have done a modern demonstration. They say charcoal fertilization offers a revolutionary way to improve soil quality for hundreds or even thousands of years. Mingxin Guo and his team at Delavare State University heated tree leaves, corn stalks , small pieces of wood and poultry waste into \"biochar\" . They reported their findings at a recent meeting of the American Chemical Society in New Orleans. Biochar could be good news for farmers with poor soil and hungry populations to feed. Professor Guo says it could even help against global warming. Intensive  farming and overuse of chemical fertilizer give out carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Biochar does the opposite, he says. It traps carbon in the ground. The researchers planted winter wheat in containers of soil in a greenhouse -- some with biochar, some without. Professor Guo says the wheat grows much better in the pots with biochar. The soil was added two percent charcoal to. But he says even a one percent treatment will increase productivity. The results demonstrated that biochar can increase organic matter in soil. Loss of nutrients in soil is an increasing problem worldwide as farmers try to grow more food for growing populations. Next, the team will carry out a five-year study of biochar with spinach , green peppers and tomatoes. Mingxin Guo says he learns about the \"black gold\" in Brazil from a magazine story. He explains that it was discovered in the jungle, in the area where waters flow to the Amazon, in the 1960's. But it was not until recent years that scientists began to bring public attention to it. \n Answer: The researchers will go on proving their theory.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9ce84ffad43f4f58b32204974c076560",
            "input": "Article: An upper class British lady once declared: \" Anyone seen on a bus after the age of 30 has been a failure in life.\" This may sound arrogant  and ignorant. Unfortunately, there are still people thinking that way. Some wealthy folk in the West look down on buses and boast about how many years it has been since they last travelled by one.     How sad is that? Our roads are packed with cars and the air is full of the pollution they emit. But still, many car users are unwillingly to get on a bus or a bike or a train to take themselves to work. It's convenient to drive, they'll say. Buses are so unreliable, they'll claim. And trains are expensive - at least in the UK. It's an attitude which may have to change. It doesn't make sense to drive a car in a city where there's a public transport system. Also, these rush hour commuters usually travel alone.     As a result, transport authorities in the UK are looking at solutions to city center congestion . One is to increase the number of parking spaces at out-of-town railway stations. More motorists can then leave their cars and travel into the city by train. Light rail or tramways are another environmentally friendly solution. Many cities across Europe have had light rail or tramway systems. The subway in London is used by everyone, rich and poor. It's the quickest way of getting around the city, whatever your bank balance. And then there are the cycle hire plans you find in many modern cities. In London and Paris, you can hire a bike by the hour to get you where you need to go.      Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, is often pictured cycling to work. David Cameron, the British prime minister, cycled to the House of Commons before he became leader. \n Answer: Driving cars has little effect on environment.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the reason why some car users are unwilling to change their way of transport?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-53ba298ce6814c168b3eb2cbcb938441",
            "input": "Article: Just one bite of cake that is made with eggs is enough to make John feel very sick. Susan gets a terrible rash whenever she eats anything containing seafood, and David nearly died when he first ate a cookie that included peanuts. David had trouble breathing after he ate the cookie, but his mother knew what to do and she quickly gave him medicine that helped him feel better almost right away. The body's reaction to certain foods can be quite severe, resulting in breathing problems, as in David's case, or loss of consciousness for some. There are many things we eat may cause our bodies to react badly if we have a food allergy . The most common food allergies seem to be related to milk, soy, eggs, wheat flour, peanuts, nuts, and seafood. In fact, these kinds of foods account for 90% of food allergies. According to some studies, the number of children who have a food allergy is growing. But some people now argue that test results might not actually be accurate, so food allergies are not really as common as they may appear. There are three typical ways that doctors test for food allergies. Probably the most accurate way is for a doctor to give a child a  food challenge\", For this, the doctor watches the child eat small amounts of certain foods to see if the child has an allergic reaction or not. This method is very time consuming so it is used less often than the other two methods: skin tests and blood tests. In a skin test, a doctor puts very small amounts of the parts of the foods that the child may be allergic to under the child's skin, then watches to see if the child's skin reacts to the allergens . In a blood test, doctors take some of the child's blood and add possible allergens to it and then look for chemicals in the blood that indicate a possible allergic reaction. A problem with both the skin test and the blood test is that neither will show how severe an allergic reaction might be. If a test result is positive, the child may have a severe reaction by eating this food, but the child might just as likely only have a slight rash. The test will not show which of these might be the case. Dr. Jennifer Chafen of Stanford University studied 10 years' worth of allergy research to check how accurate the tests are. She found a surprising fact. Skin tests or blood tests given to patients who visited their doctors for treatment of rashes or stomachaches showed that these patients were allergic to certain foods. However, later tests showed that although these patients tested positive, fewer than 50 percent of them actually had blood allergies. So were the results false and can we rely on these test results?  The problem might be food intolerance rather than a food allergy. While foodallergies are mainly related to a person's immune system, food intolerance is related to a person's digestive system and the reaction is usually less severe. One of the most common kinds of food intolerance is related to people who have trouble digesting the sugar in products like milk, cheese, and ice cream. Doctors are not sure why the number of cases of food allergies is rising. One factor that may explain part of the problem is our cleaner environment. Most children are exposed to fewer germs these days and some researchers think that for some people, their body's immune system makes work for itself by reacting as if certain foods are harmful. While allergy test results may show false positive results, the tests are still useful and can save lives. Some children lose their food allergies as they get older, so even though doctors do not have a cure for food allergies, sometimes the body finds its own cure. \n Answer: Different kinds of allergy tests.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f6dc58ce6814b6f9b6acda846684016",
            "input": "Article: Once a man named Grand found a box of old papers in a room at the top of his house. He burned most of them, because he didn't like old things very much, But one of these papers was an old letter. At the bottom  of the letter was the name of a well-known writer. \"When this letter was written,\" said Grant, \"no one knew about the writer. But now everyone knows him. Some people like to buy letters like this. I may be able to get much money for the letter if I sell it to the right man.\" But there were a lot of dirty marks all over the letter. \"It doesn't look nice,\" he thought. \"No one wants to buy a letter if it's dirty. I'll have to clean it.\" So he took a piece of cloth and some water and cleaned the letter. He worked hard and gave a lot of care. At last the letter looked better. And he was very pleased with his work. \"Now it looks nice,\" he said to himself. \"I'll be able to sell it for a lot of money.\" He took the letter to a shop in London where old papers of this kind were bought and sold. \"I want to sell this letter,\" Grant said to the man in the shop. \"It was written by a well-known writer. You know about these things. How much will you give me for it?\" The man looked at him for a long time. \"I will give you two pounds for it,\" he said at last. \"Only two pounds!\" said Grant. \"But people pay ten pounds for a letter like this. And just look! I've even cleaned it to make it look nice.\" \"I can see that,\" said the man. \"That's the trouble. People who buy old papers like them to be dirty.\" \n Answer: Grant found a box of old letters.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not right?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7f34940ff6d44245b1f84ad560d64626",
            "input": "Article: After moving to a small town, I took several pairs of shoes to the shoemaker to be fixed. Within a week I picked them up and put them away in my closet. Four months later my husband and I were invited out to dinner. I unboxed a pair of high heels . I hadn't worn them since they were repaired. I put one shoe on my right foot, and then I put the other on my left. I took both shoes off for a closer look. They were exactly the same style, color1 and size, but each was for the right foot. I was puzzled, since I had worn the shoes on several occasions and knew I hadn't worn two right shoes. Then I thought of the shoemaker. Although I was sure he wouldn't remember me after such a long time, I telephoned him and explained to him the trouble I had. \"Thank goodness you finally called!\" he was nearly shouting, \"An angry woman with two left shoes has been bothering for months!\" \n Answer: The passage doesn't tell.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer take several pairs of shoes to the shoemaker when she moved to the town?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57c1bcea286b4c2ab0475b7da69ed34d",
            "input": "Article: A visit to a zoo can be an amazing experience for people of all ages. If you want to get close to wildlife, why not visit one of the following zoos in the UK? Longleat Safari  & Adventure Park Wiltshire's Longleat Safari & Adventure Park is the UK's oldest safari park. Opened in 1966, it was the first safari park opened outside Africa. It was just a 100-acre lion reserve in the beginning, but it has grown fast over the years. Now you can see parrots and other creatures here, although lions are still popular with many people. Open from mid-February to early November, a day ticket costsPS26 for adults. Admission  for 3- to 14-year-old isPS18.50 andPS21 for the over-60s. Located just off the A36 between Bath and Salisbury, it can be reached by taking the A362. Bristol Zoo Bristol Zoo is one of the UK's oldest zoos. It will celebrate its 180th anniversary  in 2016. Here, you'll find over 400 different species of creatures. It also has nine animal houses, so even if the weather isn't at its best, there are still lots of amazing creatures to look at, including the endangered red panda. Perhaps one of the most popular places is Bug World, where you can see all kinds of scary insects. Admission for adults isPS14 andPS8.50 for 3- to 14-year-olds. Located in the Clifton region of Bristol, you can reach the zoo by taking either the No. 8 or 9 bus. Clifton Down train station is also close by, and if you are taking public transport, you can buy a discounted entry ticket to the zoo. \n Answer: It's the first safari park in the UK.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Wiltshire's Longleat Safari & Adventure Park?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-20401a2fb9ac40478b24b5e48a0cad71",
            "input": "Article: If you choose a hot tourist spot for your holiday, you are likely to be drowned by a great number of tourists, noise and long lines. At this point you might wonder why you ever left home. Here are some tips to deal with crowds and avoid the trouble that might ruin your trip. Book Tickets In Advance Buy tickets online before you leave home, and skip the crowds and endless lines at your destination . Smart travelers can avoid the queue when visiting abroad with online ticket sales. Talk To People You can ask the travel agency and the hotel for help. Ask questions, get maps, ask about taxis, restaurants and the sites you wish to visit. These people are experts and can save you lots of time trying to find things out for yourself. Sign Up For Special Tours If there are any special events or tours being offered for your vacation, buy them in advance. Firstly they are usually cheaper bought in advance and secondly it makes sure you get booked in before they are sold out. Visit During the Weekdays We all know that most sites and events are less crowded during the week than on weekends when people are off work and the kids are out of school. Flights are also usually cheaper on weekdays than they are on weekends. Watch The Weather  _ controls a lot of what we do especially for outdoor activities. Check the weather forecasts and plan your indoor and outdoor activities according to the weather ahead of time. \n Answer: Upset.",
            "output": [
                "How do you feel when you are drowned by a lot of tourists?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-078e6d3439614481a0e88b9fa46defda",
            "input": "Article: Erik Weihenmayer was born with an eye disorder. As a child his  eyesight became worse and then, at the age of 13, he lost his sight  completely. However, he did not lose his determination to lead a  full and active life  Erik became an adventurer. He took up parachuting, wrestling and scuba diving. He competed in long-distance biking, marathons and  skiing. His favorite sport, thought, is mountaineering.  As a young man, Erik started to climb mountains. He reached the summit of Mount McKinley in 1995 and then climbed the dangerous  1000-metre rock wall of EI Capitan. Two years later, while climbing   Mount Kilimanjaro in Kenya with his girlfriend, they stopped for a  time at 13,000 feet above sea level-in order to get married. In 1999, he climbed Aconcagua, the tallest mountain in South America.  And then , on May 25, 2001, at the age of 33, Erik successfully completed the greatest mountaineering challenge of all. He climbed Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the world. Erik invented his own method for climbing mountains. He carries two long poles: one to lean on and the other to test the way ahead of  him. The climber in front of him wears a bell to guide him. Erik is  a good team member. He does his share of the job, such as setting up tents and building snow walls.  Although he could not enjoy the view, Erik felt the excitement of  being on the summit of Everest. He hopes that his success will change how people think about the blind. \"When people think about a  blind person or blindness, now they will think about a person standing on the top of the world. \n Answer: In 1969.",
            "output": [
                "When was Erik born?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5c68553ced5d4cc68b423dfe0976a858",
            "input": "Article: I opened my new patient's chart and headed for her room. My son, Eric, had just brought home a disappointing report card, and my daughter, Shannon, and I had argued again about her getting a driver's license. For the next eight hours I wanted to throw myself into helping people who I knew had much more to worry about than I did. Rebekah, mother of three lovely little girls, was only 32, admitted for chemotherapy after breast-cancer surgery, When I gave her an injection, Rebekah shut her eyes tightly and murmured a prayer until it was over. Then she smiled and squeezed my hand. \"Before you go, could you get my Bible from the table?\" I handed her the worn book. \"Do you have a favorite Bible verse?\" she asked. \"Jesus wept. John 11: 35.\" \"Such a sad one,\" she said. \"Why?\"\"It makes me feel closer to Jesus, knowing he also experienced human sorrow.\" Rebekah nodded thoughtfully and started flipping through her Bible as I shut the door quietly behind me. During the following months, her hospital stays became frequent and she worried about her children. One day when I entered her room, I found her talking into a tape recorder. She picked up a notebook and held it out to me. \"I'm making a tape for my daughters, \" she said. I read the list on her pad: starting school, confirmation, turning 16, first date, graduation. While I worried how to help her deal with death, she was planning for her children's future. She usually waited until the early hours of the morning to record the tapes so she could be free from interruptions. She filled them with family stories and advice,trying to cram a lifetime of love into a few precious hours. Finally, every item in her notes had been checked off and she entrusted the tapes to her husband. I often wondered what I would say in her place. My kids joked that I was like an FBI agent, with my constant questions about where they'd been and who they'd been with. Where, I thought, are my words of encouragement and love? It was three o'clock one afternoon when I got an urgent call from the hospital. Rebekah wanted me to come immediately with a blank tape. She was breathing hard when I entered her room. I slipped the tape into the recorder and held the microphone to her lips. \"Ruthie, Hannah, Molly, this is the most important tape.\" She held my hand and closed her eyes. \"Someday your daddy will bring home a new mommy. Please make her feel special. Show her how to take care of you. Ruthie, honey, help her get your Brownie uniform ready each Tuesday. Hannah, tell her you don't want meat sauce on your spaghetti. Molly, don't get mad if there's no apple juice. Drink something else. It's okay to be sad, sweeties. Jesus cried too. He knows about sadness and will help you to be happy again. Remember, I'll always love you. I shut off the recorder and Rebekah sighed deeply. \"Thank you, Nan, \"You'll give this one to them, won't you?\" she murmured as she slid into sleep.  A time would come when the tape would be played for Rebekah's children, but right then, after I smoothed Rebekah's blanket, I got in my car and hurried home. I thought of how my Shannon also liked her sauce on the side and suddenly that quirk, which had annoyed me so many times, seemed to make her so much more precious. That night the kids didn't go out; they sat with me long after the spaghetti sauce had dried onto the dishes. And we talked, without interrogations, without complaints,late into the night. \n Answer: After dinner, the children either went out or shut themselves up in their rooms.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following scenes was most likely to be seen at Nan's home before she met Rebekah?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c81f6ef162c6446ba825fdbe48cda76c",
            "input": "Article: Celebrated in the city of Munich, Germany, the Oktoberfest, as it is popularly called, is a 3-week festival that takes place in the months of September and October. Also called the largest beer festival in the world, the Oktoberfest gathers about 6 million visitors worldwide every year. Seeing the popularity of the festival, many countries around the world have adapted to what they call their own version of the Oktoberfest. So if you are not able to make it to Germany, you can always enjoy the festival in the areas mentioned below. Don't miss out on it! Brazil: welcome to the German town of Blumenau in Brazil. Well, we are not talking about Germans living in the town, but the place was originally founded by immigrants from Germany in the year 1850. The town is built in a traditional German style and there are a fair number of people who still live the way it used to be in good old days. The Oktoberfest is celebrated in a small village called Parque Vila Germanica between the dates of October 1stto October 18th. Guests can enjoy the festival in addition to exploring the town and its sites which include a beer museum. Vietnam: celebrated in Ho Chi Minh City since 1992, the Oktoberfest event over here is conducted between the 6thand the 11thof October and the decorations are like the original festival in Munich, with large wooden tables lined with beer. The Philippines: unlike the original Oktoberfest which is celebrated in a certain area, the Oktoberfest in the Philippines is a recent addition to the already existing festival which takes place between the 4thof September and the 9thof October. Now the event is set to be celebrated in a total of 30 parties in various cities around the country. Canada: over 700,000 guests (second highest after Munich) in and around Canada take part in the Oktoberfest celebrated in Ontario between the 9thand the 17thof October. \n Answer: In Munich.",
            "output": [
                "In which place does the Oktoberfest take place from September to October?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-38645016bb3744d8933806f96a9a7d6c",
            "input": "Article: Seventeen-year-old Randy Waldron, Jr., was shocked when he applied for his first credit card and was denied. He was even more shocked by the reason: He failed to repay thousands of dollars in debt. Waldron's identity had been stolen by his father, who left when Randy was learning to walk. From 1982 to 1999, Randy Waldron, Sr., used his son's Social Security number to obtain credit from various merchants and lenders, then racked up tens of thousands of dollars in debts. He declared bankruptcy in his son's name, which resulted in default judgments against the younger Waldron. It has taken Randy Jr., now a 24-year-old flight attendant, years to untangle the mess. Waldron isn't alone. Identity theft is this country's fastest-growing crime -- and, increasingly, ID thieves are targeting children. Their clean credit and absence of criminal histories make them ideal victims.     Linda Foley, co-executive director of the Identity Theft Resource Center inprefix = st1 /San Diego, estimates that at least 400,000 children had their identities stolen in 2005, more than double the number in 2003. Waldron's case is typical: The resource center estimates that two-thirds of child ID thefts are committed by family members.     Some dishonest persons use children's names and Social Security numbers to ring up massive debts; others use children's identities in place of their own when caught committing other crimes; still others sell identification information on the black market to illegal immigrants, fellow criminals or even terrorists. The theft brings its victims enormous financial and emotional trauma, in part because the identity abuse often goes undetected for years.     Dealing with child identity theft after it happens is extremely difficult. Laws in many states are insufficient to handle the crime's complexity, and financial institutions are often less than helpful. Randy Waldron, Jr., has worked tirelessly for eight years to straighten out his credit record, and he continues to deal with the fallout. \"It's been a very long and arduous battle,\" he says. \"Recovering my identity was really the   hardest part. I think a lot of victims assume the problem will go away.\" \n Answer: Child Identity Theft",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fffdaa16b5c943bcbc2b00d2dace6d52",
            "input": "Article: Researchers may tell us that spending money on experiences produces more happiness than spending money on things. Going to a bar with friends is always pleasurable in slightly different ways. However, on the other hand, a table may also give us lots of positive experiences sometimes. I just moved from New York City to suburban Pennsylvania, It's been quite a change of pace, with some positives and negatives, One of the best parts is that I'm spending more time outside. I quite enjoy staying outside, especially eating outside. I had a goal to eat outside as often as possible this summer, so one of my first purchases for the new house was a table and a set of chairs for the yard. Is my yard table a thing or an experience? It's clearly a thing and yet it enables the experience of eating outside. I love eating outside, and so my yard table is one of my favorite purchases, ever. Therefore I find the dividing line between things and experiences is more nuanced than at first glance. However, to be happy, the most important thing is what kind of purchases you have made.  Sometimes we may all have purchases that seem like a waste of money like probably half the clothes in our closets, but how does this happen?'  There are many reasons for why this happens. The biggest is that we spend a lot of our time working to earn money to buy things. The problem is that we buy a lot of stuff that we don't actually need. There's nothing worse than looking in your closet and realizing how many hours you spent laboring to buy things you never wear. But how about a table that lets you enjoy being outside in the summer? That's worth every minute and penny and from it you will also get more happiness. \n Answer: Going to a bar with friends.",
            "output": [
                "Which one is an example of spending money on experiences?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9fce59ead40e414cae14ee6389227001",
            "input": "Article: Li Mingyang only joined Alibaba's investment platform one month ago but he has already transferred   almost all the cash in his bank account - nearly Rmb200,000 ($32,000) - to the online fund. He is far from alone . More than 30 million people in China have signed up to Yu'E Bao, or \"Leftover Treasure\", only six months since its launch. Initially as the Chinese e-co mmerce group as a platform for its users to manage extra funds in their online payment accounts, Yu'E Bao is becoming something far more powerful: a straight-up substitute for traditional bank deposits  .\"There's no point in keeping money in the bank any more. This is just as reliable, more flexible and you can earn a lot more from it,\" Mr Li says. A quick hit of the Yu'E Bao application on his phone shows the Shanghai-based editor has earned more interest on his account over the past  day than 94 per cent of other local users .\"This is fun, almost like a computer game,\" he says with a laugh. For every Rmb12 that companies and individuals have deposited in Chinese banks since June, they placed roughly Rmb1 in their Yu'E Bao accounts, according to Financial Times calculations based on official data. While it remains tiny compared with total deposits in the Chinese banking system, this transfer of cash from banks to the Alibaba platform is only speeding up. In the process, it threatens to upend( ) the rules of China's state-protected financial department, break banks' profit model and shifting power to savers in a way that was scarcely imaginable at the start of this year. Other Chinese tech companies are getting in on the act. Tencent, developer of the hugely popular messaging app WeChat, is said to be designing a fund platform similar to Yu'E Bao. Baidu, the search engine company, began marketing investment products in October. \"Internet companies, with their ability to instantly reach millions of consumers, have already started to change the competitive dynamic in finance,\" says Ernan Cui, an analyst with GK Dragonomics, a Beijing-based research firm. \n Answer: Rmb 10,000",
            "output": [
                "If Rmb12,000 is deposited in Chinese banks, then how much money will flow into Yu' E Bao accounts according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7bb821f40d3c44ffbff2516ee8c46063",
            "input": "Article: A new study by the Pew Research Center shows that the number of dads who choose to stay home and care for their children and families has quadrupled   over the past 25 years. Can social and economic factors explain the change? Make no mistake; _ . In fact, they are only 16% of all stay-at-home parents.but that number is up from 10% since 1989. When pew started analyzing data. The steady growth since then suggests that these numbers represent a growing trend. \"It's up from 1.1 million to 2 million,\" says Gretchen Livingston, one of the study authors. \" More significantly, the number of man who say they stay at home specially to take care of their home and children is at an all-time high, more than four times the rate of fathers who gave that same answer in 1989.\" As women have taken on more high-paying careers, the assumption that they'll stay home with the children has become less automatic. \"My wife and I were earning about the same income at the time just after our daughter was born. We felt that if someone was going to raise our children it would have to be one of us,\" says Al Watts, the president of the national At-Home Dad Network. \"My wife was promoted shortly after she got back from maternity leave and that rise in pay would allow us to live on one income.\" In 1989, 10% of fathers were stay-at-home parents. In 2014, 16% are. Fourteen percent of the fathers without a high school diploma stay at home, compared to 3% of those with a college degree. In 1989, more than half (56%) of dads who stayed at home cited   illness or disability ass the top reason. Thirty-five percent cite that reason now. Only 5% of stay-at-home dads in 1989 said caring for family was the main reason for staying at home. Now, that number is 21%. The rise in stay-at-home dads coincides with a change in social and economic trends regarding women in the workforce, says Farnoosh Torabi, author of When She Makes More. \"We know that before they even get married, women are out-earning and out-earning men,\" she says, noting that younger women are now getting more degrees and better paying jobs, on average, than men. \n Answer: His wife's encouragement.",
            "output": [
                "What made Al Watts decide to become a stay-at-home dad?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3a0091c3b154419d84f37d1398a8bdd6",
            "input": "Article: Music Opera at Music Hall: 1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241-2742. [Link] Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723-1182 for more information. _ . Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381-3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall in summer at Riverbend. [Link] College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus  of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM's Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183. [Link] Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference).Big name shows all summer long! Phone:232-6220. _ . \n Answer: 241-2742.",
            "output": [
                "Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76ac4fa4d7324f7388bdbaacfbb6867d",
            "input": "Article: Hello. I'm Jan from Mrs. Lake's class. My class wants to work together to help the public. We think we have found a great way to do this. Last month we did a class project on the highways near our town. We learned about the Adopt-a-Highway Program. This program brings people together to pick up litter along the roads. We think it would be a great idea for all students in our school to join the program and adopt a highway. Adopting a highway is not like adopting a pet. When a highway is adopted, only part of the highway is cared for by a group of people. The group agrees to work every week to keep its part of the highway clean. Each group gets its own sign that has the name of the group printed on it. The sign is put up at the side of the road. This sign lets drivers know who is keeping that area of the road clean. The Adopt-a-Highway Program is a great way for people to help their environment look nicer. Also, the government does not have to send out as many road workers. This saves money. Finally, people may try harder to keep roads clean if they see people, especially teenagers like us, cleaning them up. We will need helpers to care for our adopted highway. If you want to feel great and keep our roads clean,please come with your parents to the meeting next week. We will meet in Mrs. Lake' room on Wednesday at 6:00 P.M. At the meeting, we will talk about which roads are the dirtiest as a result of people's unkind acts. Then we' ll try to pick an area to adopt and clean. I look forward to seeing you at the meeting. Remember to keep our roads clean! \n Answer: Putting up signs near the roads.",
            "output": [
                "What is the Adopt-a-Highway Program about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e6f59637d7df4cb9900b10d8b3cac342",
            "input": "Article: You might think Hawaii is only for honeymoons, but there are various family-based activities and attractions. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park What makes this park unique is the opportunity to see an active volcano, Kilauca. Within the park, there is a visitor center, the Jagger Museum, the Volcano House containing a gift shop, a restaurant and a hotel, and the Volcano Art Center Gallery. The park is open every day. The entrance fee is $10 per car. Pu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historic Park Visitors can take a self-guided tour that includes ancient sites. There is also a reconstructed temple as well as examples of traditional Hawaiian canoes. The park is open from 6 am to 8 pm during the week and until 11 pm on weekends and holidays. The visitor center is open from 9 am to 5 pm. The entrance fee for the park is $5. Dolphin Twilight Camp at the Hilton Waikoloa Village The camp, for children aged from 5 to 12, consists of four hours of fun including dolphin playtime, a pirate treasure hunt, a picnic dinner and a twilight camp T-shirt. The admission price is $120 for the first child and $105 for each additional one. The Parker Ranch   Here visitors can learn about the history and culture of one of the largest cattle ranches in the United States. To see the ranch itself, take the 45-minute carriage tour. Tickets to the carriage tour are $15 for adults and $12 for children under 12. The museum fee is $6.50 for adults and $4.50 for children. Sea Turtles at Punalu'u Beach Park Punalu'u Beach Park is famous for its beautiful black sand beach. Green Sea Turtles, an endangered species, inhabit this beach and Hawksbill Turtles, another endangered species, sometimes nest here as well. Swim, relax and enjoy island life, without any charge. \n Answer: A visitor center.",
            "output": [
                "What do the first two attractions have in common?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2c6af8a38101441da83bda4e20f03dc1",
            "input": "Article: Celebrating her first day as an adult on July, 12,2015, 18-year-old Nobel Peace Prize- winner Malala Yousafzai did the gift- giving---a girls' school for Syrian refugees( ) in Lebanon. \" I call on leaders of all the countries all around the world that we must invest in books instead of bullets,\" Malala Yousafzai said in a speech \" on behalf of the world's children.\" She made it an international conference. When she was 15 in the year 2012, Malala yousafzai was shot on school bus on her way home after school and seriously wounded by some gunmen of the Pakistani Taliban for advocating girls' education. After recovering ,she continued her advocacy, which led last year to her becoming the youngest Nobel winner ever. Malala told Reuters that she chose to open the school in Lebanon's Bekaa Valley \" because I believe that the voices of the Syrian refugees need to be heard, and they have been ignored for so long. We must help them to get education. It is my responsibility to set up some schools for children there.\" More than a quarter of the estimated 4 million on Syrians who have fled the country's civil war are gathering in Lebanon, including about 500,000 school-age children. They have no opportunities to go to school. Malala Yousafzai set up Malala Fund shortly after she won the Nobel Peace Prize. Since then she has done a lot of work to raise money for the education of poor children all around the world. The school, near the Syrian border, can hold up to 200 girls aged14 to 18. The school was paid for by Yousafzai's non-profit Malala Fund. On that day, all the students in the school shared the birthday cake and sang songs, bringing the Nobel winner to tears. \n Answer: She is a Nobel Prize winner.",
            "output": [
                "What do you know about Malala Yousafzai?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-12709c3eb4ea44d09907d9850a90ecfb",
            "input": "Article: When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to grandma's generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday best. But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware   and stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times. Last week _ , the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs -- one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4, 000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery   region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier. Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company \"has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend\" toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television. Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it's better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a \"real\" dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time? Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette   that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents (\" Chew with your mouth closed.\" \"Keep your elbows off the table. \") must be picked up else-where. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be able professionally but inexperienced socially. \n Answer: Busy schedules leave people no time for formality",
            "output": [
                "Why do people tend to follow the trend to casual dining?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4661332b4cd48f083fdfaadbbde8a78",
            "input": "Article: About a year ago, a couple with three children moved into the apartment next door to mine. I never heard any noise from the children, but the parents were always yelling at the kids.     We often met in the hallway when we were coming or going. I always spoke, but the only answer I got was a \"Hello\" from the four-year-old girl.     One afternoon when I returned, they were just coming out of their apartment and the little girl was holding the door open for the others. I remained in the car doing unnecessary things. But when I looked up I saw the little girl was still holding the door open, waiting for me. I hurried as much as I could and thanked her.     I was really touched by her act of kindness. That afternoon I was at the K-Mart and I bought a white Teddy bear for her. The next day, there was a knock on the door and it was the little girl and her father. She was very proud of the bear and thanked me like I had never been thanked before.     Now when we meet in the hall, we all speak in a friendly manner. As time passes, I don't hear that yelling as often as before.     Last night we had about four inches of snow. I looked out at my car and wondered how I was going to keep my doctor's appointment. I went out to remove the snow. But when I opened my front door, I found my car was there with all the snow removed. You couldn't imagine how I felt at that moment. I thanked that family in my heart.     Isn't it amazing that a small kind act of a four-year-old girl could change so many things for the better? My guardian angel says that good things come from small acts. \n Answer: That family next door.",
            "output": [
                "Who did the writer think removed the snow on his car?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-159059a17a2c4bc9aaff81692279e408",
            "input": "Article: We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions and to communicate with other people. We can learn about what a person is thinking by watching his or her body language. Words are important, but the way a person stands, folds his or her arms, or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings. Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. Making eye contact --looking directly into someone's eyes -- is in some countries a way to show interest. In other countries, however, eye contact is rude or disrespectful. The gesture for Ok, making a circle with one's thumb and index finger, has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. In France, a person seeing the same gesture will think it means zero. In Brazil and Germany, however, the gesture is rude. The thumbs-up gesture, meaning \"great\" or \"good job\" in the US is rude in Nigeria, but in Germany and Japan it means the number one. The \"crazy\" gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means \"you have a phone call\" in Brazil. Even the gesture we use for \"yes\" and \"no\" are different around the world. In many countries, shaking one's head means \"no\", and nodding means \"yes\". In Bulgaria, parts of Greece, and Iran, however, the gestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences as to how often we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part. In some countries, for example, France and Russia, a visiting friend is greeted with a kiss on the check, in other countries people greet each other with a firm handshake, a loving hug, a bow or a simply a nod of the head. While there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal. Pressing one's palms together and resting one's head on the back of one's hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping means \"I am tired.\" A good way of saying \"I am full\" is moving the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal. If a person pats his or her stomach before a meal, it usually means \" I'm hungry.\" Perhaps the best example of universally understood body language is the smile. A smile can help us get through difficult situation and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can open doors and tear down walls. It can be used to express almost any emotion. We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help or to start a conversation. We can smile at ourselves in the mirror to make ourselves feel happier and stronger. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend. \n Answer: all above",
            "output": [
                "In our daily life, which of the following do we use to communicate with each other?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3628fc50b7274261b6099cad3e46a781",
            "input": "Article: Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform to social pressure when we are with a group of people. In one classie experiment, people were showna vertical line and asked to find a line of identical length from a selection of three. You might think that this is an absurdly easy task, and when people perform it by themselves they do it very well. However, psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group. In one study, a group of three people was set up,where two of the people were confederates of the experimenter.When the confederates deliberately gave wrong answers,people were often swayed to give the wrong answer also. In fact, 75% of people gave at least one wrong answer, with some people conforming to peer pressure on every occasion. But why do people conform in this way?  In an easy task like this,  it seems that people do not want to step out of line with the prevailing opinion of the group. On more difficult tasks, people also conform because they lose onfidence in their own ability to make decisions and prefer to trust the majority opinion instead. A typical example of this kind of conformity arises when we come across people in distress. Would you help a woman who has been attacked in the street?It turns out that you are much more likely to go to her assistance if you are alone.When other people are also around,a diffusion of responsibility occurs. People are paralysed into inaction, because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the woman' s assistance. \n Answer: Giving examples.",
            "output": [
                "What method does the author mainly use to develop the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5e2eed451e6b40b58c884bbb7e936e6e",
            "input": "Article: Mr Smith was the manager of a hotel in Springfield. One weekend all of the hotels in the city were full because there was a large meeting. Late in the evening three men came into the hotel and asked for rooms. Mr Smith explained that because of the meeting, there were no rooms ready for use. The men were very unhappy because they had no place to stay in. Mr Smith wanted to help them. He remembered that Room 414, a very small room, was empty. He asked them if they would share a room. The three men agreed. Mr Smith told them that the room would cost $30: $10 for each. Each of them gave Mr Smith $10, and they went up to the room. Mr Smith soon began to feel sorry. \"Thirty dollars is too much for that small room,\" he thought. He called one of his men over and said, \"Here is $ 5. Bring it to the man in Room 414. I've asked too much money for their room.\" The worker took the money from his manager. While he was on his way to Room 414, he started to think, \"How can I divide $5? Well, I'll give each of them only $1 and I keep $2. The men will be happy to get anything back. I'll make a little money and Mr Smith will never know.\" So he returned $1 to each man. You see, there come a problem, each man had at first paid $10. After the worker returned them $1 each, each man had paid 9. There were three men, $9 x 3 =\" $27.\" The worker kept $2 --$27+$2=\"29.\" Where is the missing dollar? \n Answer: The three men stayed together in one room.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is True?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-23f977e6cc794692bf305841629cbd74",
            "input": "Article: Books are not Nadia Konyk's thing. Her mother brings them home from the library, but Nadia rarely shows interest. Instead, like so many other teenagers, Nadia, 15, is addicted to the Internet. She regularly spends at least six hours a day in front of the computer, spending most of her time reading and commenting on stories written by other users. Her mother, Deborah Konyk, would prefer that Nadia read books for a change. As teenagers' scores on reading tests have declined, some argue that the hours spent surfing the Internet are the enemy of reading--destroying a precious common culture that exists only through the reading of books. Critics have warned that electronic media would destroy reading. Others say the Internet has created a new kind of reading. The Web inspires a teenager like Nadia, who might otherwise spend most of her leisure time watching television, to read and write. What is different now, some literacy experts say, is that spending time on the Web engages viewers with text. Web supporters believe that strong readers on the Web may eventually surpass those who rely on books. Reading five Web sites, experts say, can be more enriching than reading one book. \"It takes a long time to read a 400-page book,\" said Spiro. \"In a tenth of the time,\" he said, the Internet allows a reader to \"cover a lot more of the topic from different points of view.\" Some literacy experts say that reading itself should be redefined. Interpreting videos or pictures, they say, may be as important a skill as analyzing a novel or a poem. \"Kids are using sound and images so they have a world of ideas to put together,\" said Donna Alvermann, a professor of literacy education at the University of Georgia. \"Books aren't out of the picture, but they're only one way of experiencing information in the world today.\" Next year, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, which gives reading, math and science tests to 15-year-old students in more than 50 countries, will add an electronic reading component . The United States says it will not participate because an additional test would overburden schools. \n Answer: She does reading",
            "output": [
                "Why are books not the thing of Nadia Konyk?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-134d1cf5b32141b69c2ce8f3bbd28979",
            "input": "Article: Music is an international language. The songs that are sung or played by instruments are beautiful to all people everywhere. Popular music in America is what every student likes. Students carry small radios with earphones and listen to music before class, after class, and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers and play the music loudly as they drive on the street. Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about sports, the weather, politics ,and activities of the American people. Pop or popular music singers make much money. They make a CD or tape which radio stations use in every state. Once the popular singer is heard throughout the country, young people buy his or her tapes. Some of the money from these tapes comes to the singer. Wherever the singer goes, ail the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a national star. There are other kinds of music that are important to Americans. One is called folk music. It tells stories about the common life of Americans. Another is called western or country music. This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching. Today, any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music. Serious music for the concert halls is called classical music. Music for instruments is called orchestra music,such as the symphonies of Beethoven. There is opera for singers. There is ballet  for dancers like the story of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai in China. \n Answer: Students listen to music before class, after class, and at lunch.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about music and people in America?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e3e1c3c03804d37b934563a5e802022",
            "input": "Article: In the hot jungles of Thailand, forest rangers   came across a terrible sight one day in 2010. Two tiger cubs   lay dead in a wildlife preserve  . The rangers were too late to find the cubs' mother. All that remained of her was blood on the ground. Poachers  had poisoned the tigers. Then they ran off with the mother's body. If the rangers had not arrived, the poachers would have taken the cubs too.         Tigers in trouble  One hundred years ago, there were about 100,000 tigers. Today, only about 3,200 remain in the wild. Poachers are a major problem. These killers sell tiger fur, teeth, claws, and other body parts in illegal markets. One tiger's parts can see for $50,000.         Because they hunt in huge jungles thick with trees, poachers are hard to find. But they must be caught, says Elizabeth Bennett of the Wildlife Conservation Society. This group works to help endangered animals.        Tiger \"fingerprints\"        Finally, after many months, the rangers spotted  the poachers again. After an exchange of gunfire, they arrested the criminals. Soon, the police found evidence that the poachers had killed again. The evidence came from a cell phone. On a poacher's phone, police found photos of the men posing   with a dead male tiger. The poachers claimed that the photos were from a nearby country where tigers aren't protected. But another photo told a different story. Deep in the Thai forest, the rangers had set up camera traps, which take photos when they sense movement. A camera trap photo showed the same male tiger walking through a wildlife preserve before he was killed. That meant that the tiger came from a protected area. But how could police prove it was the same tiger? Tiger stripes are like fingerprints. No two patterns are the same. When police compared the photos, the stripes on the tiger's head matched. The poachers were given up to five years in prison. That might not seem like much for killing tigers. But since the poachers were caught in July 2011, no tigers have been killed in that wildlife preserve. \n Answer: There wasn't enough time.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the poachers take the cubs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6bf9fb4be6324ebb9efa35f72809acec",
            "input": "Article: A WOMAN walks into a small stall and eats a cheap bowl of instant noodles, paying 1,500 won. Then she moves into a Starbucks coffee shop, where she drinks a cup of mocha, paying 4,300 won.  Surprised? This is the typical behaviour of South Korean young women. They are called \"denjang girls\". The term \"denjang girls\" referred to female shoppers who would eat cheaply and then  _ to be seen drinking a cup of expensive coffee. Now it has grown to a new army of women in their 20s who look smart, rich but are actually buying luxuries they probably can't afford. Internet users created the term when debating the popularity of Starbucks coffee among South Korean women. In prefix = st1 /South Korea, the coffee costs, on average, over a dollar more than inJapanand theUS. Despite the higher price, Starbucks sales inSouth Koreaincreased from 72.1 billion won in 2004 to 91.2 billion won in 2005. Ahn Ji-Yoon, a student at Yonsei University in Seoul, says she can spend two hours surfing the web for discounts on skin cream and dinner. Yet she would think nothing of spending US$550 on a Gucci bag. Girls like Ahn live by extremes - hunting for bargain items while spending heavily on \"necessary luxuries\". \n Answer: It refers to female shoppers who eat cheaply but spend a lot in drinking a cup of expensive coffee.",
            "output": [
                "What does the term \"denjang girls\" refer to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e3862d175ecb4e2b90b1f89687e1f6ed",
            "input": "Article: Eating Out with Kids      When you go out to dine with kids, you need to know the places where kids are not only welcomed, but really catered for. Now we've listed some of the best family-friendly restaurants and cafes. MUMU Grill      It offers the perfect family dinner. The children can eat and then play in the park opposite the restaurant while the parents keep a watchful eye. It serves various steaks, and the most popular one is the beefsteak with onion rings. Children will be kept amused by the kids'menus, which feature colouring-in activities. Children are able to colour in a picture of a cow with crayons  . Operating Hours: Monday to Friday: 4 pm to 6 pm Saturday to Sunday: 3 am to 7 pm Tel: 9460 6877FlyingFoxCafe      It is located in one park in Mona Vale. Near the cafe is a fantastic fenced children's playground, famous for playground facilities including a bike track, walking tracks and a dog walking beach. Operating Hours: Monday to Sunday: 9 am to 4 pm The weather can sometimes influence closing times, so if you are unsure, please call on 9986 0980. Billy Lids      It is a unique environment where your child can play safely while you relax in the central cafe area. The indoor playground includes facilities for children up to 11 years old such as a big climbing structure, slides   and a jumping castle. There are plenty of food options for the kids, including homemade sausage rolls. Operating Hours: Monday to Thursday: 9 am to 5 pm Friday to Saturday: 9 am to 6 pm Tel: 9916 0350TheGladesvilleBistro      Welcome to our revolutionary kid friendly family bistro   --where your kids are welcome to play, draw, slip and slide. Our menu includes sandwiches and chips. Your children will receive a free cup of popcorn with every kid's meal purchased. Operating Hours: Monday to Sunday: 11 am to 7 pm Tel: 9816 4052 \n Answer: It offers colouring-in activities to children.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about MUMU Grill?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6b591a8f2e1b49daa8c8ce03d3cc0ccf",
            "input": "Article: As Rosalie Warren stood at the mailbox in the lobby of her apartment building in May 1980, she shared the anxiety of many other college seniors. In her hand was an envelope containing her final grades. As she nervously opened it, Warren wondered whether her hundreds of hours of studying had paid off. They had. \"I got five 'A's,\" she still recalls with elation. \"I almost fell on the floor!\" Warren would graduate from Suffolk University with a bachelor of science degree in philosophy and history at age 80.Three years later, at age 83, she would receive her second degree from Suffolk, a master's in education. Now, with both diplomas proudly displayed in her apartment, Warren is not finished with learning. \"That's what I love.\" Warren was born Rosalie Levey on Aug.29, 1900. Two years after she entered high school, her father died. Warren had to leave school for factory work to help support her family's 10 children. Warren describes herself as a \"person who always liked school,\" and she says the move \"broke my heart completely because I couldn't finish high school.\" In the end, however, \"I went to school nights,\" she recalls. \"Any place I could find an outlet of learning and teaching, I was there.\" A short time later, her mother became ill, and Warren had to care for her, once again putting her education on hold. Finally, in 1921, her mother, now recovered, drew from her saving to send Warren to Boston University for two years to study typing, stenography, and office procedures. Those courses helped Warren gain several long-term office positions over the next 60 years, but her great desire \"to be in the academic field\" continued. In 1924, she married Eugene Warren, and seven years later, her daughter, Corinne, was born. In 1955, by then a widow and a grandmother, Warren took a bus tour across the United States that was to last nine months. She said she wanted to see \"things you never see in the West End.\" When she returned home, she took a bookkeeping position and also enrolled in courses in philosophy, sociology And Chinese history. free program for senior citizens.\" I was at the registrar's  office the very next day.\"she recalls. At first ,she took one or two courses at a time , but encouraged by her professors , she enrolled as a In 1975, when she was 75, Warren learned from a neighbor about Suffolk University's tuition- degree candidate. \"I had not studied for so many years,\" she says, \"but I was determined.\" For the next four years, Warren, who calls herself a \"student of philosophy,\" worked toward her degree. Nancy Stoll, dean of students at Suffolk, says Warren is \"an interesting role model for our younger students---that learning is a lifetime activity....She is genuinely enthusiastic about being here, and that permeates   her activities and is contagious   to students and faculty.\" \n Answer: Great happiness",
            "output": [
                "What does the word elation mean in the sentence \"I got fives 'A's\", she still recalls with elation\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2e27885868b54e45a3ed9d6e7f1c6093",
            "input": "Article: A TV grab shows anchorman Bai Yansong wearing a green tie on Oct 19, 2011.                \"I just want the students to know that I'm also wearing a green one. And we are all great people and are as good as those wearing red scarves.\" Bai Yansong, a famous anchor of China Central Television, voiced his support to students wearing green scarves at a primary school in Xi'an by wearing a green tie on a TV program, Oct 19, 2011.                The program focused on a recent controversial issue, triggered by First Experimental Primary School in Northwestern China's Xi'an that made children whose schoolwork and general behavior were not yet good enough to wear green scarves instead of the red scarf of the Chinese Young Pioneers.                \"The original idea for designing the green scarf was to strengthen education and to encourage the pupils to work harder,\" said Chen Hong, the school's principal.               The practice that divided students into \"good\" and \"bad\" has aroused a lot of discussions on Sina Weibo, a Chinese twitter-like microblogging website.                The color1 of green in Chinese culture carries an annoying implication particularly because \"green hats\" are the Chinese symbol of a cuckold. Many Weibo users thought it was inappropriate to make pupils wear green scarves.               \"It is a violation of dignity to make bad students wear green scarves,\" said a blogger with the username Suosez.                \"If bad students have to wear green scarves, then bad teachers should wear green hats,\" another blogger said.                \"The Chinese version of Steve Jobs has died in primary school because his pride has been hurt by the green scarf,\" said another blogger.                \"It is an   discrimination against children,\" said yet another.                \"Seeing the students in Xi'an wearing green scarves reminds me of some miserable memories. I cannot forget that I was the second group to wear a red scarf in my class. I cannot forget the scar on my hand left by my Chinese teacher. And I cannot forget that my math teacher threw my test paper on the ground and insisted that it was copied,\" a blogger with the username Kivalailai recalled.                \"The green scarves will cast a shadow over the students and bring them inferiority or jealousy, which are quite bad for their mental health,\" said a blogger.                The school has halted the use of green scarves as on Wednesday, parent-teacher meetings were held to explain the situation, according to teachers at the school. \n Answer: To make bad pupils drop out of school.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of using the green scarf according to the school's principal?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cc2e7c421e3c475d9951fd40d79b58ca",
            "input": "Article: Toys provide more than just fun and games for kids. Most toys provide at least some opportunity for children to learn. A good toy can develop children's senses and encourage them to communicate with others. Toys for Babies  Babies want to learn about the world around them very much, and they have much to learn. Every new shape, color1, taste and sound is a learning experience for them.  Toys that make music are favorites of babies. Toys with different color1s are attractive to babies. They also need objects such as blocks to help them build hand-eye coordination  . Giving your baby these toys will help him/her discover his/her senses. Toys for Toddlers   Toddlers can play with more toys than they did when they were smaller. They might still enjoy some of the toys they played with as babies, and that's fine. The same blocks they played with a year or two ago can provide them with new and different educational opportunities as their knowledge expands. But they also need toys that are designed for kids of their age in mind. Toys for Preschool Children When children reach preschool age, it's time to start learning about letters, numbers and language skills. There are lots of toys that encourage this type of learning, from simple alphabet puzzles to high-tech electronic toys. These will introduce him/her to the things he/she will learn in school thus profiting them. Children can learn a lot from playing. When you give your child educational toys and play with them with him/her, it gives him/her a chance to learn and have fun at the same time. \n Answer: The educational benefits of children's toys.",
            "output": [
                "What's the topic of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-055c2c3b262e4307b7b63d799ec56c3f",
            "input": "Article: I work in a busy Emergency Room( E. R. ) .  This weekend, I had a patient who was very nervousand paranoid. After looking at his chart, I saw that he was seeking treatment for alcoholism. There is an immediate prejudice against substance abuse in my E. R. One -we do not have a detox  facility.The people seeking treatment for addiction are sometimes looked down on as being less worthy of treatment  than  other  serious  physical  \" ailments\" . At first glance, I found out that the man was now somewhere in his mid-thirties, was very weak and had a generally aggressive character. He could not sit still and had a cough. He had not had a drink in four days. His hands were shaking and there was a scared look in his eyes. He told me that he began drinking about age 11 when his mother supplied him with it. He had tried to quit many times before but had not been able to.\" So .  what's different this time ?\"I asked. \"Because I'm starting to be mean to the people I love, but now I don't want to be.  I ca:n see that  I'm changing into something else. \" That answer helped change my attitude toward him. I could see the pain behind his eyes. Behind the appearance, there was a terrified person whose goodness was being claimed by the alcohol. He  was desperate for help, but not so sure that his condition could be changed. I, thank this man for showing me that the goodness is dressed in all sorts of disguises  . Sometimes we have to undress it. It's worth doing. My patient was admitted to the hospital for help ,despite us not having a detox facility. \n Answer: Over 20 years",
            "output": [
                "How long has the man been drinking?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-790b8dce5fbf460392f13cd048d45a36",
            "input": "Article: I went online to check if my pay was in my bank account . To my amazement I discovered that not only had I been paid, a company I'd never worked for had also paid me! I know I'd have been beside myself if my own salary was not in my account, so I tried to get the money back to the right person. Easier said than done.                 The bank couldn't help as it \"wasn't a bank problem.\" The human-resource department at the company that paid me was unable to help as I didn't have enough details. I rang the bank again. Thankfully I had a sympathetic  call operator who gave me a name, so I again rang the company \"Daniel\" worked for.                  I expected the bank would get in touch with me to arrange to take the money from my account and repay Daniel. I heard nothing for a month and the money remained in my account when Daniel called, explaining he'd tried to get back his money but had been unsuccessful as neither the bank nor his company felt it was their error. He had rung to ask if I could speak to the bank, but after chatting for a few minutes we realized we could probably fix this problem ourselves.                 We decided I would take the money from my account and he would pick it up from me. Due to my busy job I was unable to meet Daniel personally but he left me a lovely bottle of wine in exchange for what was rightfully his. I never had any intention of keeping Daniel's pay but red tape  made it difficult to do the right thing. It all came down to two people being able to do what a huge bank and a large company couldn't do -- admit a mistake had occurred and fix it. \n Answer: Daniel had the same name as the author's.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-70b12dc9fdf24f26bca2446d1d96141f",
            "input": "Article: Are you planning to visit Britain? Here are a few suggestions for a beautiful weekend away. Bournemouth This famous tourist town has 11 km of beautiful beaches. Last year, 10,000 tourists visited this beautiful town. It's the perfect place to go swimming or sailing. There are lots of lovely parks and gardens to visit and it's a great place to eat out. You can also go to a classical concert or go dancing in one of the nightclubs. Stratford-upon-Avon This was William Shakespeare's hometown. He spent most of his life in this town and wrote his plays here. You can visit his house or see his plays at one of the Royal Shakespeare Company's theatres. There are some interesting museums and lots of beautiful 500-year-old house. You can also go on boat trips and visit traditional English villages. Alford Deep in the Lincolnshire countryside is the pleasant market town of Alford. It is known for its five-sailed windmill . Have a walk round this lovely old place and you'll see many pleasant houses from as far back as the 17thcentury. Captain James Smith, who was one of the founders of James town in Virginia, USA, was educated in Alford. Bath Most people come here to see the 2,000-year-old Roman Baths. But this city is also famous for its beautiful 18thcentury buildings and was the home of the writer Jane Austen. You can learn about her life at the Jane Austen Centre near Queen's Square. In the past, Bath was also popular with the royal family and Queen Elizabeth I spent one or two weeks every year here. \n Answer: Visit fishing villages.",
            "output": [
                "What can visitors do in Bournemouth?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7d8ad2c56eca4449ae596fe303ca2c5a",
            "input": "Article: To discover whether bees can see colors, the following experiment is set up. A table is put in a garden and on the table is a piece of blue cardboard   with a drop of syrup   on it. After a short time, bees come to the syrup. The bees then fly to their hive   and give the syrup to other bees in the hive. Then they return to the feeding-place which they have discovered. After a while, the blue cardboard with the syrup on it is taken away. Instead of this card, a blue card is now put on the left side of the first feeding-place and a red card to its right. These new card have no syrup on them. Thus, the blue card is on the left, the red card on the right, and there is nothing where the first blue feeding-card used to be. Very soon bees arrive again, and fly straight to the blue card. None to the red card. \n Answer: Three, two blue and one red.",
            "output": [
                "To do the experiment, altogether how many cards do you need to prepare?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-31cc55239c0f406a8e962e9ff79603e4",
            "input": "Article: Weleome to Chatsworth *Times and dates for the year 2008 Open 2nd April to 21st December,House open daily 1l:00 a.m.to 5:30 P,m,last admission 4:30 p.m.,closes 5:30 p.m.Last entry to Scots Rooms.open 4;00p.m.gardens open 11:00a.m.to 6:00p.1111.,last admission 5:00 p,m,(open 10:30 a.m.June-August),closes 6:00 p.m.Farmyard and Adventureplayground 10:30 a.m.to 5:30 p.in.last admission 4'30 p.m.,closes 5:30 p.m. *Admission Adults:PS6.50 Senior citizens&students:PS5.25 Children:PS3.00 Children under three:Free Family Ticket:PSl 6.75 Car Park:PS1 00 *Shopping Two Gift Shops,w11 h many items based on designs from tbe House arid Garden. Christmas shopping available at weekends from November to Christmas. *Eating Restaurant servmg home made food.Bar serving drinks and cakes *Special Events in 2007 Angling Fair Weekend 8th and 9th May.One of the fairs in the Country for game and sea fishing funs. Flower and Garden Show Weekend 26th and 27th in June.Tbe second year of this event,with flower shows and sales and gardening advice. Guided Tours[:**Z*X*X*K] Gulded tours for children and students it:English and French at an exlra eharge.Further details from the Booking Office after 10:30 a.m. The 1000 acre Park in the banks of the River Derwent is open,free,throughout the year. \n Answer: 10:30 p.m.",
            "output": [
                "What is the opening time during the summer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ea922c5c6f384afa9cc82342ac447ae6",
            "input": "Article: My House My mother moved a lot when she was growing up on account of Grandpa being in the army. She hated having to adjust to new schools and make new friends. That's why I thought she was joking when she put forward the idea of moving. But she was completely serious. \"For just the two of us,\" my mother said, \"an apartment in the city will suit our needs much better.\" Personally, I think she's lost her mind. I guess I can understand why she would want to move, but what about me and what this house means to me? I suppose if you looked at my house, you might think it was just another country house. But to me it is anything but standard. I moved into this house with my parents ten years ago. I can still remember that first day like it was yesterday. The first thing I noticed was the big front yard. To me it seemed like an ocean of grass--I couldn't wait to dive in. The backyard was full of gnarled (, ) and scary trees that talk on windy nights. But I grew to like them and the shadows they cast in my room. My father and I even built a small tree house, where I often go to remember all the wonderful times we had before Father's death. This house is special--maybe only to me--but special nevertheless. It's the little seemingly insignificant things that make this house so special to me: the ice-cold tile floors that make me tremble on midnight snack runs; the smell of my father's pipe that still exists; the towering bookcases of my mother; the view outside my bedroom window. This house holds too many memories, memories which would be lost if we gave it up. \n Answer: Because she thought a city flat more fit for them.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author's mother decide to move?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-56e92684ce624c22954b8868ced22c0f",
            "input": "Article: Discover News magazine of science devoted to the wonders and stories of modern science, written for the 41-45 ADBCA Cover Price: $59.88 Price: $19.95 ($1.66/issue) You Save : $39.93 (67%) Issues : 12 issues/12 months Self Published by Conde Nast Publications Inc., Selfis a handbook devoted to women's overall physical and mental health. Every issue contains usable articles such as \"Style Lab\", in which wearable clothes are mixed and matched on non-models and the \"Eat-Right Road Map\", with tips on how to eat properly. Cover Price: $ 35.86 Price: $15.00 ($2.5/issue) You Save: $ 20.86(58%) Issues: 6 issues/12 months In Style In Style is a guide to the lives and lifestyles of the world's famous people. The magazine covers the choices people make about their homes, their clothes and their free time activities. With photos and articles, it opens a door to these people's homes, families, parties and weddings, offering ideas about beauty, fitness and in general, lifestyles. Publisher: The Time Inc. Magazine Company. Cover Price: $47.88 Price: $23.88($2.38/issue) You Save: $24.00(50%) Issues: 10 issues/12 months Wired This magazine is designed for leaders in the field of information engineering including top managers and professionals in the computer, business, design and education industries. Published by Conde Nast Publications Inc., Wiredoften carries articles on how technology changes people's lives. Cover Price :  $ 59.40 Price : $ 10.00 ($1.00/issue) You Save: $49.40(84%) Issues: 10 issues/12 months \n Answer: Discover",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following magazines is published monthly?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a64b0d8e66b84e0ea04934fad6aa450c",
            "input": "Article: How to Be a Winner Sir Steven Redgrave Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals \"In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes . Believing my career was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it ---the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn't difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.\" Karen Pickering Swimming World Champion \"I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success----you can't follow a career in any field without being well-organized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you'll be a step closer to achieving them.\" Kirsten Best Poet & Writer \"When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can't achieve something. Then, there are other _ , such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as 'calm', 'peace' or 'focus', either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological tool\" \n Answer: He overcame the shadow of illness to win.",
            "output": [
                "What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7435641f2b7f4fc38d594106fd81a056",
            "input": "Article: A good deal of fascinating research has been done about the reading patterns of young people,and it is surprising to discover at what an early age children start expressing preferences for particular kind of books. A recent report,which examined in detail the reading habits of primary-school children.showed that even seven-year-old boys and girls have clear views about what they want to read. Girls,in general,read more,and far more girls than boys preferred reading stories. Boys were showing a taste for the more instant appeal of picture stories,or else books about their hobbies. These tastes continue unchanged until the children are teenagers. Apparently girls read more in general,but more fiction in particular .You could say that there are more opportunities for girls to read fiction:magazines encourage the fiction habit in girls in their early teens,and by their late teens they have probably moved on to the adult women's magazines.Teenage boys tend to buy magazines about their hobbies:motorcycles,heavy transport and to on. Adult reading tastes are also the subject of research.Again the number of women who read for pleasure is considerably higher than the number of men. It seems that the majority of women still want love stories.There has also been some analysis of what men actually read Apparently only 38 percent of men read anything,but 50 percent of what they read is fiction in the form of action-packed stories of space or gunmen \n Answer: Children form their reading tastes by the time they are seven",
            "output": [
                "What has the recent research into children's reading show?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-62b2b5bbb872477392c0fe3fe8de21f0",
            "input": "Article: After killing Osama Bin Laden and dropping his body into the ocean to avoid causing more hatred fro, the Muslims , the American government recently released a video of Osama Bin Laden living in his safe house watching TV , which has been viewed millions of times . The following are comments made by viewers . A. Yeah , Osama got what he deserved , Iraq got what they deserved , and Afghanistan got what they deserved . Saddam got what he deserved , Hitler got what he deserved . The list goes on & on . B. I hate saying this but is believe America deserved 9/11 ... They have screwed up so many governments .... C. I'm American and I and my brother suspected the whole story about dropping him into the ocean . We feel if they really killed him they would keep his body for proof . D. All you Islamic haters are ignorant fools . The terrorists don't have anything to do with the religion . They say they are part of the Islamic Religion but they are not . Nuking ( kill somebody with nuclear bombs ) Pakistan will do nothing by the way . E. Please give me the 2 minutes of my life back that I watched your pointless and fake video . F. Man ? Why is this video fake ? Rather than shouting about how it's obviously not Osama , why not provide the arguments for it instead of coming off as if you simply want to deny it for the sake of denial . G. What a load of nonsense , an _ to any intelligent person , Bin Laden dead for ages ... watch Benazir Bhutto say so on YouTube a week before she herself was murdered . The Muslims murdered her for being an American spy ! H. I honestly don't know what to believe , but ... why did the terrorists confirm his death if it didn't happen . \n Answer: Benazir Bhutto was a very intelligent woman working for You Tube .",
            "output": [
                ". What can we learn from G ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-949da66249144d35af576dd36c76bcc0",
            "input": "Article: Dear Ms. Wang, I am writing to inform you of some arrangements about my composition course and Latin course next year. I've decided to re-establish the 5-paragraph essay as the goal for the composition course. I interviewed some of my former students and they all agreed that being able to write critically and continuouslywas important to them. So next academic year, Term 1 will be like always: sentences to paragraphing. And Term 2 will work toward the 5-paragraph essay. The final 3 weeks of Term 2 will be reserved tointroduce writing for TOEFL and CEE. By that time, if the students have done their job correctly, then they should be able to write quite well. As for the Latin course, I will post notices around campus next week so that the students will understand what's on offer before I actually introduce the course. A number of students already emailed me about the course. I am sure you don't understand what a big deal our opening this program at our school is. People around the world are interested in what we plan to do. There are many rewards available to the students who succeed in the course. Please share what I have said with the administration. I want them to understand the importance of this course. The reason I have contacted these colleagues (actually Oxford contacted me) isthatI have confidence in our students and in myself. I know that when those professors meet our students and hear them speaking and reading Latin, they are going to be amazed. It will open all sorts of doors for students that they never even thought of knocking on. Well, that's it for now. I'll see you soon. Yours, Edward Johnson \n Answer: Writing for TOEFL and CEE.",
            "output": [
                "According to the letter, what will Edward teach about writing in Term 1?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bfc910dddbd446f689cf91dbe23ede5c",
            "input": "Article: Every now and then we hear about an event that has taken place. This information helps us prepare ourselves for any problem in the future. Current affairs   serve different purposes for different people. Theses days, the importance of current affairs has risen. Most people focus on certain areas of information according to their needs and interests. There are certain areas like science and technology, which attract only a special kind of crowd, and thus have a lesser audience compared to fields like the entertainment industry.          Science and technology are completely ignored   by a common man, unless he or she happens to be \"a techno-freak  \". Yes, this is the word given to people who show interest in current affairs related to science and technology. However, they are the ones who have much more knowledge of the current world. Why is it so? Mainly because today's world is driven by science and technology. It is the techno-freaks that cause the development in science and technology, and thanks to them you can see a miracle of new inventions. The old way of living has been replaced by the high-tech modern way of living. It will be a world of robots in the near future.          If somebody decides not to get to know about current affairs related to science and technology, he or she will be separated from the real world. We must stay abreast with the new inventions so that we can predict the future. For example, if you know the current conditions of science and technology of 2012 well, you will better understand what will take place in 2012.          Therefore, you must gain enough knowledge on current affairs in science and technology. There are the Internet, newspapers and magazines to provide you with all the information of science and technology. \n Answer: Information Technology.",
            "output": [
                "What field attracts more people in the author's opinion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-41fe8c549a4b421a87210649a431fdc6",
            "input": "Article: Tech-Camp prefix = st1 /6 Devon Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong a technology day camp for students 12--17 About Tech-Camp: Tech-Camp is a day camp with a focus on computers and electronics technology. We offer 2-week summer programs for students of 12 to 17 years of age. We have a computer lab with the latest and fastest equipment, an electronics lab, and a video production studio. Our staff is special, too. Our program leaders are experts in computers and electronics, of course, but they are also people who care about children and enjoy working with them.     The benefits of Tech-Camp:  In all of our programs, we show students how to work in teams and how to solve problems by themselves. We encourage them to think creatively.  What students will do at Tech-Camp?   Each day at Tech-Camp is filled with useful, interesting and challenging activities. For example, in the Computer Program, students learn basic computer programming, and how to use the Internet. In the High-tech Program, they make radio-controlled model cars and produce their own short videos.     Program Session 1     Computer Program 15June-26June     High-tech Program 29June-10July  27July-7August     Fee: HK $ 2,000 per student     (10% discount available for groups of l0 or more students)     For more information about Tech-Camp, please contact Director of Summer Program, Ms Julia Brown, by phone, fax or e-mail.     Telephone :26548898 Fax: 26948850     e-mail: juliab@ techcamp. com. HK \n Answer: The number of students each session can admit.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not mentioned in the brochure ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4fc65d2cad2f4a49acc8dfbfe7d20093",
            "input": "Article: As a preteen in New York, Whitney Johnson volunteered at soup kitchens and delivered clothes to the homeless. While at college, she started an English-language tutoring program for immigrant children. No one was surprised, then, when she chose to volunteer in an orphanage in Khayelitsha, one of South Africa's poorest areas, during her junior year abroad.     At the orphanage, Johnson discovered most of the children infected with HIV at birth, many abandoned by parents too sick to care for them, or neglected by surviving  s. Few were receiving the care needed to stay healthy. Many died. When she left, all she wanted to do was go back and change what she had seen.     After graduation, Johnson began a fund-raising effort that eventually collected enough money to found UBA, a nonprofit organization intended to provide services for HIV-positive   kids aged 4 to 18 in Khayelitsha. Now UBA is housed in a church big enough for offices and the children. The staff includes counselors  , a social worker, a nurse, a cook, and a handful of volunteers, ensuring that each child has access to proper care, a free healthy meal, and emotional support. Once a week, she makes sure the children receive age-appropriate lessons about AIDS. The social worker sees to it that the kids are enrolled   in school and have safe living conditions-especially those without parents.      Johnson plans to soon relocate UBA to an even larger location with more medical staff and a field\"so the kids can run around and just feel like kids.\" She's also working with the South African Department of Health so that the new center can distribute drugs and give blood tests.      \"Many people think that HIV means death, but it doesn't,\" Johnson says. \"There's so much that can be done.\" In the five years since the center opened, not one of the 200 kids in the program has died. \"It's so emotional to see the strong, independent people they become.\" One teenage girl who had received help at UBA even announced that she wanted to become a nurse. \n Answer: A kind girl caring for children with HIV.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72341d4908dd4303905c6812e8018658",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever thought about why traveling is important? It may seem obvious, but a good trip introduces you to a \"new world\". Geography matters: where you are going plays a huge role in how you think. About six months after I moved to China, I got the chance to travel with a group of friends to Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. This trip was great fun: I got to swim, cycle and stay in tree houses in the jungle. But more importantly, this trip was meaningful.  All of these three countries were bombed   by the US military   during the conflict   with the North Vietnamese, the Vietnam War. As someone with strong anti-war   opinions, I wanted to learn how the people of this area remember the war. I was not disappointed. When I was in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, I got the chance to explore the Vietnam War Remnants Museum, which has the largest collection of anti-facts from the Vietnam War. One exhibit is especially memorable. It is full of photos and artwork showing the effects of Agent Orange, a chemical weapon used by the US military against the land and population of Vietnam.  The aim of the Agent Orange campaign   was to destroy plant life to make it more difficult for North Vietnamese fighters to hide behind trees. But ordinary Vietnamese were hurt the most. I had tears in my eyes as I looked around the exhibit. Ks5u Another time during our trip, my friends and I were arriving in a town in Cambodia on an overnight bus. As we got off the bus, taxi drivers came over offering rides. One of them asked me, \"Where are you from, man?\" I replied, \"America!\" And he said, \"Ahh...the place where they make the bombs!\" He laughed. I didn't. Ks5u Traveling offers perspective . There are few things more important than that. \n Answer: It was a special type of gun that was especially designed to kill plants.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about Agent Orange according to the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8fb1b500cf024027894d677d02fb3a69",
            "input": "Article: 1. Need a room close to the US Embassy for a week in early January I need a room close to the US embassy for a week in early January. My parents are going to the US embassy for visa interview on January 7th. I am looking for a place for them to stay around this date. Hotels are too expensive for them since they have been retired long ago. They speak Chinese only. Rent can be made through Paypal in USD or cash in CNY, if the price is right. Reply to: house-510574487@craigslist.org 2. House wanted May 17-24 Looking for 5 bedrooms from May 17-24. Can be one large apartment or 2 smaller ones, but they must be close to each other. Please email me at jcshap@sina.com if you have a nice place with air conditioning, high speed Internet. 3. Home swap or share I have a beautiful 3-bedroom home with pool and spa   in Las Vegas, the USA, 10 minutes from the strip  . I am willing to share or swap   my house for yours (home or apartment) during the holiday. I need a place for 2 or 3 people in Shanghai from May 19-25. in exchange, you can have my house for any week either during the holiday, or any other time as long as I have a one-month advance notice to set up for you so you can have my house all to yourselves. If interested, please email me at sdiem@cox.net and I will send photos for my home. 4. Apartment or house wanted May 8-28, 2013 My daughter is working in Shanghai and my family wants to be there to stay with her for some time. We are looking for a 2-3 room apartment or house to rent from May 28 in the Pudong District. Need air conditioning. Thanks Reply to: wcondon7@msn.com \n Answer: Advertisement One.",
            "output": [
                "Which advertisement pays special attention to housing location and price?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fd0ec5b11bfa4d95a85a7686c961d657",
            "input": "Article: It's always great to hear news about wildlife returning to where they once lived. For the first time in 8 years the small blue --- British's smallest butterfly--- has been seen back at a nature reserve in Hertfordshire. This nature reserve has had a lot of work done recently in order to help butterflies. Management of the land has included bringing in sheep to keep the grass under control in a more natural way and planting wild flowers for butterfly species. The nature reserve is home to a number of butterfly species. In fact the way that this reserve has been managed means that it is probably the best reserve in Hertfordshire to see butterflies with at least 25 species now living in the area. There are a number of threats to British butterflies and the greatest threat is the loss of their habitat. Changing farming practice has affected British native butterfly species greatly with many more now being at risk. _ A wide species of butterflies will generally mean a healthy environment. The type of land management at the nature reserve in Hertfordshire offers a hope for many species of butterfly to live as usual. Butterflies need all the help they can get at the moment. Although the number of butterflies is beginning to increase, many are still at risk. \n Answer: The environment has changed",
            "output": [
                "Why did the butterflies fly away eight years ago?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df537cec9bac49bd805cd81fca531e26",
            "input": "Article: With the new school year quickly coming near (or perhaps, for your early-starters, already under way), it's time to get ready for a successful term . And while you may be cleaning your wardrobe , it's equally important to freshen up  your study skills, too. Have you ever noticed that your study habits are different from those of your friends? Or how you seem to learn faster in certain classes? Some people are quick to blame  the teacher or subject  for their difficulties, but that isn't always the cause . One thing that many people seem to ignore  is their learning type. Now, you may be wondering what a learning type is and how to find yours. There are three different learning types: Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic. You can be a _ of learning types, but most people have one main type. 1. Visual learners learn best by seeing. If you seem to easily get information from pictures, graphs, and videos, you are likely a visual learner. 2. Auditory learners learn best by hearing. If you seem to remember things by hearing them, whether listening to a lecture or repeating information out loud, then you are likely an auditory learner. 3. Kinesthetic learners learn best by doing. If you seem to learn best by working with your hands or testing out what you are shown, you are likely a kinesthetic learner. So now that you know your personal learning style, the trick   is to find out how to use your new-found knowledge to help you in your classes. \n Answer: Because they don't know their learning type.",
            "output": [
                "According to the speaker, why are some students slower than others in a certain subject?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b92f6ca21f03480fafe96a017f268c5b",
            "input": "Article: More than one in four children alive in Britain today will celebrate their 100thbirthday, official figures showed. The special figure shows a huge social change, with today's children likely to survive far longer than their parents or grandparents. Of the 12.4 million children aged 16 and under, 3.3 million(27%)will become someone who is a hundred years old or more. In a class of 30 children, eight can live to be 100. And the rest of the children are likely to get to an old age, even though they will not make it to three figures. Experts warned that children may live to 100, but that they will not get their State pension until they are 70 or beyond. The State pension age is rising to 66 for both men and women by 2020, and the Government has warned it will continue to rise. Laith Khalaf, a pension expert, said, \"Living to an old age is lucky if you can afford it, but a  _ if you can't. Those without enough savings will be depending on the State pension which will be changed.\" It also increases the possibility of millions of people surviving until their 100thbirthday with a poor quality of life because of poor health and little money. Millions of older people have no pensions, no savings and no plans about how they are going to pay for their retirement other than to carry on working. If the older population demands more resources ,then it has to come from their own wealth or the government. Laith said, \"Millions of people will be spending over a third of their lives in retirement. It is high time that we reformed the State pension system. We want to make it fair for future generation.\" \n Answer: A low quality of life because of bad health and limited money.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of life will people living to 100 probably face?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e575165d211745b2895fc588a20d1af0",
            "input": "Article: To Whom It May Concern, My husband Jim and I got married in 1965. For the first ten years of our marriage, I was very happy to stay home and raise our three children. Then about four years ago, our youngest child went to school, and I thought I might go back to work. Jim was very supportive and helped me to make my decision. He started to do all the things I used to do around the house, and said he thought I could be a great success in business. After several weeks of job hunting, I found my present job, which is working for a small public relation firm. At first, my husband was proud of me and would tell his friends, \"My clever little wife can run that company she's working for.\" But, as his joking words were becoming reality, Jim stopped talking to me about my job. I have received several promotions and pay increases, and I am now making more money than he is. I can buy my own clothes and a new car. Because of our combined incomes, Jim can do things that we had always dreamed of doing, but we don't do these things because he is unhappy. We fought about little things, and Jim is very critical of me in front of our friends. For the first time in our marriage, I think there is a possibility that our marriage may come to an end. I love Jim very much, and I don't want him to feel inferior , but I also love my job. I think I can be a good wife and a working woman, but I don't know how. Can you give me some advice? Will I have to choose one or the other or can I keep both my husband and my new career? Please help. Yours, Mary \n Answer: Around 1980.",
            "output": [
                "When was the letter most probably written?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-533b3830be1945ccb7c196c9610c8149",
            "input": "Article: Some people are so rude! Who sends an e-mail or a text message that just says \"Thank you\"? Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you? Who asks for a fact easily found on Google? Don't these people realize that they're wasting your time? Maybe I'm the rude one for not appreciating life's little politeness. But many social agreed standards just don't make sense to people drowning in digital communication. In texts, you don't have to declare who you are or even say hello; E-mail, too, is slower than a text; Voice mail is a now impolite way of trying to connect. My father learned this lesson after leaving me a dozen voice mail messages, none of which I listened to. _ , he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls. \"Why are you leaving him voice mails?\" my sister asked. \"Just text him.\" In the age of the smartphone, there is no reason to ask once-acceptable questions about: the weather forecast, a business's phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, which can be easily found on Google Maps. But people still ask these things. And when you answer, they respond with a thank-you e-mail. How to handle these differing standards? Easy: Consider your audience. Some people, especially older ones, appreciate a thank-you message. Others, like me, want no reply. The anthropologist   Margaret Mead once said that in traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here's hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time-wasting forms of communication do. \n Answer: He liked text messages better.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the writer reply to his father?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-492faceac93c41838da97f572374c618",
            "input": "Article: IKEA is the world's largest furniture retailer, and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world's most successful entrepreneurs.Born in Sweden in 1926, Kamprad was a natural businessman.As a child, he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches, seeds, and pencils in his community.When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades.Naturally he used it to start up a business--IKEA. IKEA's name comes from Kamprad's initials (I.K.) and the place where he grew up ('E'and 'A').Today IKEA is known for its modern, minimalist furniture, but it was not a furniture company in the beginning.Rather, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprad's wares included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices, including watches, pens and stockings. IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947.The furniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad's home.Initial sales were very encouraging, so Kamprad expanded the product line.Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951. In 1953 IKEA opened its first showroom in Almhult, Sweden.IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture in attractive settings, but in the early1950s, people ordered from catalogues.Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelming: people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it.This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive.By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture. In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling  a table to make it easier to transport.Kamprad was inspired.The man had given him a great idea: flat packaging.Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers.IKEA tried it and sales soared.The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA.Nowadays, IKEA is often seen as having connotations  of self-sufficiency.This image has done wonders for the company, leading to better sales and continued expansion. Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries.Amazingly, Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company.In 2004 he was named the world's richest man.He currently lives in Switzerland and is retired from the day-to-day operations of IKEA.IKEA itself, though, just keeps on growing. \n Answer: Ingvar Kamprad established IKEA and led it to great success.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-31ef889585534551a172f9c8d49a689f",
            "input": "Article: President Xi Jinping announced Thursday that China will cut its military by 300,000 troops, a significant reduction in one of the largest militaries in the world and a move that the Chinese leader called a gesture of peace. \"The great renewal of the Chinese nation requires efforts of one generation after another,\" Xi said in a speech at Tiananmen Square remembering the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II in the Pacific. \"Having created an impressive civilization of over 5,000 years, the Chinese civilization will lead to an even brighter future,\" he said. Xi's announcement came as China staged a massive military parade in central Beijing, sending a stream of troops, tanks, and ballistic missiles  down a major east-west street as fighter jets flew overhead with multicolored smoke. Xi's speech kicked off the parade. An estimated 12,000 troops--about 1,000 of whom hailed   from Belarus, Cuba, Tajikistan, and other countries-marched along the 10-lane Chang'an Avenue from the commercial center wangfujing to Tiannmen Square, about 1.5 miles away. They were joined by 200 fighter jets and 500 pieces of military hardware, including tanks and ballistic missiles. Representatives from 49 countries were in attendance, including Russian leader Vladimir Putin, South Korean President Park Geun-hye and U. N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon. Rory Medcalf, head of the national security college at Australian National University, said the Beijing may have decided to cut 300,000 troops \"in the name of efficiency and cost saving.\" Xi conducted a \"troop inspection\" after his speech, riding down Chan'gan Avenue in a Chinese-made Hongqi parade car. On Thursday morning, China's popular microblogging site Sina Weibo filled up with 350 million comments related to the parade. While many users expressed their love of their country and pride, few posts were filled with criticism. \"The soldiers are too serious,\" wrote one user. Others complained about the cloud of gray exhaust that followed a column of tanks. \n Answer: For the efficiency and cost saving.",
            "output": [
                "Why did China make the military reduction?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72d74a26664e425499ce9b0d8b250ed5",
            "input": "Article: New Annotated Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle Price: PS28.00 Publication Date: 30/11/2006 Publisher's description:          Collect Doyle's fifty-six classic short stories, arranged in the order in which they appeared in late-nineteenth-and-early-twentieth-century book editions, in a set complemented by four novels, editor biographies of Doyle, Holmes, and Watson as well as literary and cultural details about Victorian society.   Breaking Ground by Daniel Libeskind Price: PS16.00 Publication Date:11/10/2006 Brief description:          This is a book about the adventure life that can offer each of us if we seize it, and about the powerful forces of tragedy, memory and hope. For Daniel Libeskind, life's adventure has been through architecture, which he has found has the power to reshape human experience. Although often relating to the past, his buildings are about the future. This biology of one man's journey brings together history, personal experience, our physical environment and a fresh international vision.   In the Shadow of No Towers by Art Spiegelman Price: PS16.00 Publication Date:02/09/2006 Brief description:          On 11th September 2001, Art Spiegelman raced to the world Trade Center, not knowing if his daughter Nadja was alive or dead. Once she was found safe---in her school at the foot of the burning towers---he returned home, to mediate  on the trauma , and to work on a comic strip . In the Shadow of No Towers is New Yorker Art Spiegelman's extraordinary account of \"the hijacking  on 9.11 and the following hijacking of those events\" by America.   Light on Snow by Anita Shreve Price: PS14.00 Publication Date:07/10/2006 Publisher's description:          This is the 11th novel by Anita Shreve, the critically accepted bestseller. A moving story of love and courage and tragedy and of the ways in which the human heart always seeks to heal itself.   Last Child in the Woods by Richard Louv Price: PS20.99 Publication Date:11/08/2006 Brief description:          Camping in the garden, riding bikes through the woods, climbing trees, picking wildflowers, running through piles of autumn leaves... these are the things childhood memories are made of. But for a whole generation of today's children the pleasures of a free-range childhood are missing, and their indoor habits contribute to obesity, attention disorder and childhood depression. This book shows how our children have become increasingly distanced from nature, why this matters and how we can make a difference. Richard Louv is chairman of the Children and Nature Network and co-chair of the National Forum on Children and Nature. He is the author of seven other books and has written for newspapers and magazines including the New York Times and the Washington Post. \n Answer: Arthur Conan Doyle",
            "output": [
                "Who is the writer of the latest book published among the four books?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fd2f9f563d744e35b425d9d36ed3f132",
            "input": "Article: Your peers are people your age or close to it who have experiences and interests similar to yours. You and your friends make dozens of decisions every day, and you influence each other's choices and behavior. This is often  _  --- it's human nature to listen to and learn from other people in your age group. Sometimes, though, the stresses in your life can actually come from your peers. They may pressure you into doing something you're uncomfortable with, such as shoplifting, doing drugs or drinking, or taking dangerous risks when driving a car. The pressure to conform  can be powerful and hard to resist. A person might feel pressure to do something just because others are doing it. Peer pressure can influence a person to do something that is relatively harmless--- or something that has more serious consequences. People may feel pressure to conform, so they fit in or are accepted, or so they don't feel awkward or uncomfortable. When people are unsure of what to do in a social situation, they naturally look to others for cues about what is and isn't acceptable. The people who are most easily influenced will follow someone else's lead first. Then others may go along, too --- so it can be easy to think, \"It must be OK. Everyone else is doing it. They must know what they're doing.\" Before you know it, many people are going along with the crowd --- perhaps on something they might not otherwise do. Responding to peer pressure is part of human nature --- but some people are more likely to give in, and others are better able to resist and stand their ground. It's not always easy to resist negative peer pressure. But when you do, it is easy to feel good about it afterwards. And you may even be a positive influence on your peers who feel the same way --- often it just takes one person to speak out or take a different action to change a situation. \n Answer: Your relatives invite you to attend a party.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is a kind of peer pressure?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-636de1e389814cfa91f90ccaad37e841",
            "input": "Article: A job is more than just a job,especially to the older generation.\"It's not the money that matters,but the sense of selfworth,\" 56yearold Cheng Wonlan said.So,every day Ms Cheng carries a bag of parcels,letters and documents of all shapes and sizes and does her rounds in North Point.She's a courier . Five years ago,Ms Cheng was a nurse at a private clinic.She had worked there for almost 30 years but was made jobless when the doctor migrated .It was extremely difficult for her to find another job.\"People do not trust my ability when they learn how old I am,\" she said.After two years of searching,the mother of two eventually found another nursing job.But then after two years,she quit.Why? \"My colleagues were young and they didn't understand me because of my age.They often asked me,'You are so old;what are you working for?' I was very unhappy.\" she said.So while the rest of her family left for work,she was left to lonely boredom at home.The urge to work drove her to suffering.Then,one of Ms Cheng's neighbours told her about Employee's Retraining Board (ERB) offering retraining courses for older people on specific occupations,such as convenience store assistants,junior clerks and so on. \"I was interested in courier work.I didn't think my age was a barrier because I was fit and healthy.So I thought why not give it a try.\" she said.Upon graduation from the ERB,Ms Cheng was offered a job by the Speeding Shuttle Courier Service Company Limited.But then Ms Cheng was faced with a conflict:she was caught between honour and employment.It took Ms Cheng 24 hours to make up her mind and eventually came to the conclusion that there was nothing wrong or embarrassing about doing the job.So she took heart and went off to work as a courier. Ms Cheng's employer is delighted with her,\"Ms Cheng has been working with us for two months and has shown a good responsible attitude to work.\"Anthony Chong,who runs the company,said.Currently,Mr Chong has 60 couriers working for his company:five of them are over fifty,four of whom have been through the ERB plan.Mr Chong said he hired older people because they were able and reliable.\"Age is not an important factor but attitude is.Many old people are more capable than the youngsters.They will not run from difficulties but the young ones will,\" he said.\"It is not easy to recruit   young people since they shy away from hardship and challenges.\" \n Answer: People didn't think she had enough working experience.",
            "output": [
                "Why was it difficult for Ms Cheng to find another nursing job?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1a14bb6c31984859aa19caa5d92e785b",
            "input": "Article: A messy desk can actually lead people towards clearer thinking, say researchers from Germany. The researchers found in a series of linked studies - using a messy desk and a messy shop front - that people actually thought more clearly when all around was chaos, as they sought to simplify the tasks at hand. Visual and mental clutter  forces human beings to focus and think more clearly. Famous thinkers and writers such as Albert Einstein and Roald Dahl have been notorious  for their untidy desks. \"Messy desks may not be as detrimental  as they appear to be, as the problem-solving approaches they seem to cause can improve work efficiency or increase employees' creativity in problem solving,\" say the authors. \"Business and government managers often promote 'clean desk' policies to avoid disorganized offices and messy desks, for the purpose of boosting work efficiency and productivity,\" writes lead researcher Jia Liu of the University of Groningen in a paper published in the Journal of Consumer Research. \"This practice is based on the conventional wisdom that a disorganized and messy environment can clutter one's mind and complicate one's judgments.\" \"However, not all evidence supports this conventional link between a messy environment and a messy mind.\" The scientists tested people's response in various 'messy' environments - including a messy shop front, a disorganized desk, and even a work environment where a language task 'reminded' people of messiness. The authors found in the series of six studies people tended towards simplicity in their thinking. \"They categorized   products in a simpler manner, were willing to pay more for a T-shirt that shows a simple-looking picture, and sought less variety in their choices.\" said the researchers. \n Answer: to support the idea that clearer thinking comes from messy environment.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author take Albert Einstein as an example?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f57f380349c40fbaafd16e75131a05b",
            "input": "Article: Colleges may try to do a lot to prepare students for study abroad - telling about culture shock, warning about homesickness, recommending books about the country. But when it comes to adjusting to campus life when they return, schools haven't done as much, even though the transition is sometimes almost as difficult. \"They can feel disoriented and depressed. They find things are not exactly the way they were when they left,\" said Antonio Jimenez, director of the Center for International Affairs at California State University Channel Islands in Camarillo, California, US. \"They find that people don't care much about their experiences.\" Some colleges are now rethinking their approach to study abroad, recognizing that students might need almost as much help adjusting to life back home as they did getting ready to leave: students experience a sort of reverse culture shock when they return to the US. They might be troubled by the wealth and waste they see back home or they might feel homesick for their new country and its customs. And when they try to talk about their experiences, people quickly lose interest, especially if they haven't lived abroad themselves. Down the road, they also might find it difficult to translate their time abroad into experience that an employer finds attractive. Some California universities have organized conferences to help students make the most of their time abroad. During a one-day event, students learn how to adjust after living abroad, talk about their experiences and incorporate them into their lives and future careers. Blythe Cherney, 22, a senior who has studied in Thailand and Britain, found the _ helpful. \"Any experience abroad does have an effect on you,\" Cherney said. \"When you come back, it's important to talk about it, especially with people who know what you've been through.\" Yet most universities focus more on preparation than reorientation. When students return, they might have a welcome home reception. But for the most part, universities figure students can fend for themselves. \n Answer: Difficult transition",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the trouble that students face when they return from studying overseas?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19dc4b4034ea4ea48fa8e2906a3d4c5d",
            "input": "Article: So much to do, so little time.So much information, so little time to read .In this age there is more information than ever before.There is not enough time to read everything we want to read.However, you can take in and understand more information in shorter time through speed-reading.This article will not make you read 3 000 words per minute, but it will show you how to increase your speed greatly.You will also learn the basic techniques of speed reading, along with the dos and don'ts of speed-reading. When you first learned to read, you would say the word out loud and sound it out.Then you might whisper the word because people can become annoyed when you read aloud.The stage you are now at is saying the word in your head.Most people tend to read this way.Saying the word in your head will cut your reading speed tremendously  . How do you calculate your reading speed? The speed is measured by how many words per minute you can read.Get some reading material, preferably a book.Find out how many words are on the page.Time yourself one minute.Start your timer and start reading.When the timer sounds, stop at once.If you counted 500 words on the page and you read half of the page, then you are probably reading at 250 words per minute. The first thing about speed-reading is looking at the word and recognizing it.Don't say the word in your mind, just look at it and recognize its appearance.Later you will recognize groups of four words or more to increase your speed.This is the first and most important step in speed-reading. The next step is technique.As with any other skill, speed-reading requires technique.You should first be sitting up straight with your book on a horizontal   surface, such as a table or desk.Next, should be able to see the entire page.This is necessary if you want to recognize clumps of words.Lastly, _ .It's hard to read a lot of noise.Find a quiet place to read.This will help your understand of the text.You need something to guide your eyes while reading.Then right, you should use your hand, Remember when you were little, you would read using your finger.That is a great technique, only now you're using your hand to underline each line.Move your finger smoothly across page.No need to go rush , start our slow.Keep your eyes focused on words as you recognize them while using your hand as a guide.This will increase you speed. The third step is practice.Practice makes perfect.Set time intervals .Read using different techniques, but make sure you understand what you're reading. \n Answer: Now conditions ask people to use less time to know more information.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ef526999dba944d68d60340573b6d866",
            "input": "Article: Scientists explain why people often blame others when things don't work out. Researchers say that when it comes to fixing blame, we can't always trust our own judgment .When things go wrong and we're to blame, we 're supposed to feel guilty. Right? Not necessarily.      It turns out that when we do something that causes a negative result, we actually feel less responsible     for our actions.  But we see the entire situation differently if things turn out well.      The  \"blame game\" is nothing new. Behavior experts have long known that people push responsibility to others, or to outside factors, when things don't work out. But the new research shows that this reaction is more than about wanting to escape blame. We actually don't believe that what happened is our fault. To learn more about the  \"blame game\", researchers conducted a study. They asked 34 people to press keys that produced three different noises. The noises were positive (amusement, laughter), negative (fear, upset, or anger), or neutral  .      The volunteers were asked to try to judge the time that it took between when they pushed the button and when they heard the sounds. Volunteers felt there was longer time between their actions and the negative sounds than that between their actions and the positive  ones. In their minds, the negative results were separate from their actions. Therefore, they were able to feel less responsible for them.     The findings suggest that perhaps more of us need to realize that unpleasant or negative situations may actually be our fault - even if we don't see it that way. And taking more responsibility for our actions could lead to better relationships with others. \n Answer: People often believe that what they do is right.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following does the new research probably agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f0d2f02cb5e7462eb3e0b5922da31002",
            "input": "Article: Last year, the most-read children' s books at least in UK were almost all fantasy novels. But why is this the case? What. exactly does fantasy offer to young readers? What' s important to point out here is that fantasy writing has come to be considered as belonging to popular culture, and is therefore generally regarded as being of lower quality than realism. This idea was formed in me during childhood by my mother, who believed that fantasy was \"rubbish\". She was always trying to persuade my two brothers to let go of their dog-eared copies of American author David Eddings' books and read something \"proper\". I had also met some people who were against reading fantasy. While living in Finland, where I joined a book club, I was told at my first meeting that the club didn't read \"genre\" books, which meant that realism was   in\", but everything else including fantasy was \" When it comes to the subject of children, discussions about which books are \"better\" for them often focus on the fantasy and realism debate, causing Professor John Stephens to write that: one of the more curious sides to the criticism of children's literature is the strong wish to separate fantasy and realism into competing types, and to state that children prefer one or the other, or \"progress\"from fantasy to realism or vice versa . A quick survey of the big children's publishing trends over the past ten years confirms that fantasy is as popular as ever in the children' s book scene. From the 450 million copies of Harry Potter books sold over this period to the more recent Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series, it would seem that children are as enthusiastic about fantasy as ever before and rather than \"progressing\" out of fantasy, the popularity of fantasy in the young adult market would suggest just the opposite. \n Answer: Enthusiastic.",
            "output": [
                "What was the author's mother's attitude towards fantasy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4f950ccffdd47f59e92d69ae539b326",
            "input": "Article: prefix = st1 /Los Angeles' Shopping Malls   Let's take a look around the mall . You will find various malls inLos Angeles. Stores vary by mall . To better understand shopping at the mall , let's take a look at the basic structure of malls. Basic Structure      Most of the malls are two or three layer  buildings including their parking lots.  _ ), but some malls like Beverly Hills Center are located on top of the parking lot . Most of the malls have pathways between the department stores and a food court , a central place for dining . You can also find theaters in malls. Services of the mall      It's easy to find the places you want to go from the directories  in each mall.     Usually the directory is located in several places throughout the mall . You can also carry printouts of the directory while shopping . If you have questions , ask employees for more details. Most shops do not wrap gifts so you will have to use the department gift service center for wrapping . Make sure you have your receipts  when you go to have the gifts wrapped . Each mall has a variety of service facilities including restrooms . public phones , diaper   changing rooms . ATM machines , stamp machines and vending   machines. \n Answer: Supermarket",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following doesn't make up the basic structure of a shopping mall?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff4bff620b3a4c2fb8f5fcb440393988",
            "input": "Article: Walk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it is steamy, warm, damp and thick. But if you had been around 15, 000 years ago, during the last ice age, would it have been the same? For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests like the Amazon might have reacted   to the cold, dry climates of the ice ages, but until now, no one has reached a satisfying answer. Rainforests like the Amazon are important for _ CO2from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2each year: equal to the total amount of CO2giving off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to future climate change? If it gets drier, will it still survive and continue to draw down CO2? Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past. Unfortunately, getting into the Amazon rainforest and collecting information are very difficult. To study past climate, scientists need to look at fossilized pollen, kept in lake muds. Going back to the last ice age means drilling deep down into lake sediments   which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery. There are very few roads and paths, or places to land helicopters and aero-planes. Rivers tend to the easiest way to enter the forest, but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers completely unsampled  . So far, only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon rainforest reacts to climate change. \n Answer: There is no exact answer up to present.",
            "output": [
                "How will the Amazon rainforest react to future climate change?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8c4c5bdc9f84abe9185cdbacafe7ac4",
            "input": "Article: Inventors are always looking for ways to make our lives easier, greener and a lot more fun.Take a look at 2010's biggest and coolest breakthroughs in science and technology.What in the world will inventors dream up next?  Superhero Suit Have you ever dreamed of becoming a superhero? Dream no more.There's a real Iron Man suit, XOS 2, which provides the power to lift 200 pounds with ease .It was designed to help the military with heavy lifting.One person in the suit could do the work of three soldiers. Up, Up and Away! It took him 30 years to develop it, and now Glen Martin's invention is ready to take off.The Martin Jetpack allows its operator to fly 8,000 feet into the air.Unfortunately, you can't soar through the skies too long.The jetpack holds only about 30 minutes' worth of fuel. Hardworking Robot The EMIEW2 robot is the perfect office helper.Need a document delivered? No problem! It can also guide visitors to their destinations.The three-foot-tall robot can identify different human voices and respond to commands.One day, it may serve as a receptionist or a security guard. Green Machine  Say goodbye to gasoline! The AirPod car runs on air power.That means this car won't pollute.A high-pressure air tank can fill the car in minutes.The three-wheeler can travel about 130 miles between fill-ups. Beef Power All aboard the beef train! Amtrak's Heartland Flyer runs partly on fuel that is made from cow fat.The goal is to reduce carbon emissions by 10%.The train travels between Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and Fort Worth, Texas. Robo-Guard EMILY is a robotic, four-foot-long buoy .She can swim through riptides at up to 24 miles per hour.Her inventor, Tony Mulligan, says that's 15 times as fast as human lifeguards! EMILY is powered by a tiny electric pump and operated by remote. \n Answer: EMILY.",
            "output": [
                "Which invention was made to help the military?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1d46e8229f1546099aea0d8921516612",
            "input": "Article: For a 400-year-old art form, opera had a bad fame: overweight actresses singing the words which were hard to understand in one of those romance languages you were supposed to learn in high school. And with tickets costing as much as $145 a performance, opera goers also had a certain appearance in people's mind: rich, well-dressed and old.[:] But now opera companies around the country are loosening their ties and kicking off their shoes in an attempt to keep opera alive and take it to a younger and not so wealthy audience. Opera producers have found that to attract this crowd, they need to make the opera closer to common people. Because young people don't or won't come to the opera, companies are bringing the opera to them, giving performances in such unusual places as parks, libraries and public schools. The Houston Grand Opera's choice is the public library, where it performs \"mobile operas\" shortened versions  of child-friendly operas. This summer's production is Hansel & Gretel. By performing smaller versions of large productions, producers are able to make people interested while keeping costs at a reasonable level. The San Francisco Opera, which will be celebrating its 75th anniversary this year, is staging Cinderella free of charge, keeping costs down by employing students from its Young Artists' Training Program. \n Answer: Young people are not interested in opera.",
            "output": [
                "Which is the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5cbac194d6df4c8987e2e96db6e765fe",
            "input": "Article: Standard English is the formal English that you need to use when you write in coursework  or in the exam. Standard English is the form of English you learn in school. All written English should be standard -- that means it should be clear enough for anyone in Britain to understand it. Standard English developed as the main form of printed English in the 15th Century. At the time, every region of Britain used to spell words differently, but printers needed a fixed spelling.  Printers like Caxton chose the East Midlands dialect form which was used in London and the South East. Soon Standard English replaced all written dialect forms -- the other forms of English spoken around the country. It also replaced French and Latin in law and in academic work. In the 18th Century, people wrote dictionaries and grammar books which standardized spelling -- Dr Johnson's Dictionary of 1755 fixed many of the spellings we still use today. All written English should be Standard English -- any grammar rules you learn are for Standard English and you will definitely need to learn them to avoid making mistakes in your work. The rules of Standard English mean using the correct forms of words with the correct spellings.  Avoid slang words -- words that your teachers or friends wouldn't understand. You'll lose marks if the examiners can't understand what you say or write. Don't use dialect words. Every region has words or phrases that are only used there. Don't use them in your coursework, because you won't be understood. Make sure you revise grammar and punctuation you have learned, and learn the list of commonly misspelled words you have made. Cliches are ideas or sayings which have been used so often that they've become boring and unoriginal. Phrases like, \"As good as it gets\" \"At the end of the day\" \"In the fullness of time\" are all cliches. So are images like, \"as fierce as a lion\" \"as cunning as a fox\". If you use them you will sound boring and unimaginative -- that could mean you lose marks for writing and speaking style. So avoid cliches. \n Answer: the English spoken by British people in 15th Century.",
            "output": [
                "What is standard English?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-624b22b51cc6425f924d6f9363e7dde1",
            "input": "Article: Phillip Island Penguins  The Little Penguin has called Phillip Island home for untold generations. Get to Phillip Island in plenty of time to watch s summer sunset at Summerland Beach - the stage is attractively set to see the little Penguin leave water and step onto land. *Leave Melbourne at 5:30 pm for a direct journey to Phillip Island. *See the Gippsland area - Guinness Book of Records place for the world's longest earthworm  *Journey along the coastal highway around the Bay with French Island and Churchill Island in the distance *Cross the bridge at San Remo to enter Phillip Island - natural home for Little Penguins and many animals *Take your place in special viewing stands  to watch the daily evening performance of the wild Little Penguins Ultimate Penguins (+U) Join a group of up to 15. This guided tour goes to an attractive, quiet beach to see Little Penguins. You can see penguins at night by wearing a special pair of glasses. Adult  $60.00         Child $30.00 Viewing Platform Penguin Plus (+V) More personalized wildlife viewing limited to 130 people providing closer viewing of the penguin arrival than the main viewing stands. Adult $25.00         Child $12.50 Penguin Skybox (+S) Join a group of only 5 in the comfort of a special, higher-up viewing tower. Gain an excellent overview of Summerland Beach. Adult 16yrs \n Answer: Artists.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of people is the text mainly written for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-506b8f45609545b88914cd7a00a8f058",
            "input": "Article: During her sixty-year career performing, Lena Horne entertained people with her beauty and rich, emotional voice. She used her fame to fight social injustices toward African-Americans. Lena Horne was born in New York in 1917. At sixteen, Lena became a dancer at the famous Club in New York City. After taking voice lessons, she soon became a singer. In 1940, Lena Horne became the first African-American to perform with an all-white jazz band. After performing at a club in Hollywood, California, she caught the attention of filmmakers. She soon began making movies. Her films became very popular. In the 1940's, Lena Horne was the first African-American in Hollywood to sign a long-term contract with a major movie studio. Her deal with MGM stated that she would never play the role of a servant. She refused to play roles that represented African-Americans disrespectfully . But this refusal also limited her movie career. Lena Horne once said that World War Two helped make her a star. She was popular with both black and white soldiers. She sang on army radio programs and traveled to perform for the troops. Once, she noted that German prisoners of war were permitted to sit closer to the stage than black soldiers. She was very angry. These experiences led to Lena Horne's work in the civil rights movement. Lena Horne sang at civil rights gatherings. She took part in the March on Washington protest in 1963. It was during this event that Martin Luther King Junior gave his \"I Have a Dream\" speech. She protested racial separation at the hotels where she performed. She took action so that she and her musicians would be allowed to stay in those hotels. Black musicians at the time generally stayed in black neighborhoods. Lena Horne died in New York in 2010. \n Answer: 93 years old.",
            "output": [
                "How old was Lena Horne when she died?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bfa06e570cd242a89c8764eca8a6c8fa",
            "input": "Article: A flock of hungry pigeons were flying across the sky in search of food. Having traveled a long distance, they felt tired and settled down on a tree.  Just below the tree, they saw grains strewn   all over the ground. The pigeons were happy to have found enough food to eat. All the pigeons came down from the tree and started eating the grains. As they were doing so, a huge net fell on them and trapped them all. The pigeons were taken aback. They noticed a hunter sitting at a distance from the tree, a bow and arrow in hand. The pigeons realized it was the hunter who had trapped them in the net. The hunter got up and began to move towards the pigeons. The leader of the pigeons spoke, \"Friends, we are in great trouble. The hunter will catch us if we do not act swiftly in a few seconds. There is only one _ available at this moment. Let all of us use our force together and fly up along with the net. If all of us use our force and fly together, we can fly carrying the net along with us. Let us start now.\" All the pigeons agreed with him and flew high carrying the net along with them. After traveling enough distance away from the hunter, the pigeons settled on a tree and carefully came out of the net one by one and thus escaped the evil design of the hunter. \n Answer: The hunter.",
            "output": [
                "Who strewed the grains over the ground?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-30ec8d67be76414d956de113702158a8",
            "input": "Article: Tomorrow was his girlfriend's birthday and the young man was having a difficult time deciding on a present for her. She already had more clothes than she knew what to do with them, so he couldn't get any kind of apparel. She never ate sweets, so candy was out of the question. What then? He had a very special reason for wanting to impress her with just the right gift,for tomorrow he was going to make an offer of marriage to her. He finally decided on perfume . All girls liked perfume. That raised another problem, however. What kind did she prefer? He couldn't ask her because that would ruin the surprise. At last the young man hit upon a brilliant idea. That afternoon, pretending to take his girlfriend's fox terrier ,Fritz, for a walk, the young man and the dog went directly to the perfume counter of the town's biggest department store. Good! There was a large array of perfume. He beckoned a clerk, asking her to open a large number of bottles and wave the stoppers  under the dog's nose. Nestled  in the young man's arms, the terrier began to be restless and bored as this seemingly meaningless game went on. Then Fritz suddenly became _ wiggling in the young man's arms and barking excitedly, as the clerk waved one stopper under its nose. \"I'll take that one,\" said the young man to the clerk. The price was high, but it was worth it, he thought. \" My favorite perfume!\" said the delighted girl the next evening as she unwrapped the package. \" How did you know?\" she asked, dabbing some perfume behind each ear. \" Intuition , I guess.\"said the young man, deciding that it wasn't exactly wrong to tell a lie at that time. One day, after they were married, he would admit that his intuition had really been the little dog named Fritz. \n Answer: Mean",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words best describes the young man in the story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-125456feea5440799de156ba80c9a3ef",
            "input": "Article: Once my friend Peterson bought a pack of chicken, the brand of which was very famous at that time. But when he got home he found that the chicken had gone bad. He took the chicken back to the shop and he was paid twice of the price. We may say now he should have been satisfied but my friend would not like to stop. He decided to write a letter to Frank, president of the company, who was also the founder of the chicken brand. About a week later he received a letter written by the president himself. In the letter he apologized to my friend for it whole -heartedly .There was also a card in the envelope ,with which my friend could get another pack of chicken in any of the shops. In the end my friend was asked to answer some questions. 1. When and where did you buy the chicken? 2. What was the real problem of the chicken? 3. What did the shop ass istant say when you took the chicken back to the shop? 4. W hat do you think is the reason for the chicken to go bad? 5. What do you suggest we should do to get away from such problems? Two days later, my friend also received a telephone call from the president's office, asking whether he had received the letter as well as the card and then some other questions. Since then, my friend has always bought chicken of this brand whenever he wants to. \n Answer: A whole-hearted apology.",
            "output": [
                "What did the friend get when he took the bad chicken back to the shop?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6d1efa4b0d964db2ae87975a26fb85d7",
            "input": "Article: The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France,then adopted by historians of culture,by art historians,and eventually by music historians,all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600.The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human--as opposed to spiritual values. Fulfillment in life--as opposed to concern about an afterlife--became a desirable goal,and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned  on. Artists and writers _ turned to secular as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing. These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period--how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed,experienced,discussed,and circulated. They could see the architectural monuments,sculptures ,plays,and poems that were being rediscovered,but they could not actually hear ancient music--although they could read the writings of classical philosophers,poets,essayists,and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example,the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors,painters,architects,and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature. The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore,music changed so rapidly during this century and a half--though at different rates in different countries--that we cannot define a single Renaissance style. \n Answer: The ancient Greek and Roman musical practices used during the European Renaissance.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6903f479c28f4d00aecb9bb07492ecb3",
            "input": "Article: Many people know the names Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison. However, most people don't know the name of the man who invented the television, Philo Farnsworth. Philo Farnsworth was born in 1906 and grew up on a potato farm. As a boy, he loved to learn about science, and he read a lot of science books. When he was only thirteen years old, he drew a picture of a machine that could send pictures as radio sends sounds. He got the idea from the way the potatoes were planted in the field. The potatoes grew in long lines, side by side. This made a shape in Philo's mind. This shape helped Philo think of a way to send the TV picture onto a piece of glass. But he was poor, so Philo could not try to make his idea into a machine at that time. Later, Philo worked at many different jobs. He worked with trees. He worked on broken radios. He worked on trains. He also worked as a street cleaner. At last, two rich men heard about his idea for television, and they gave him the money to make it. On September 7th, 1927, they watched Philo test the machine he built. When Philo turned on the machine, a small line could be seen on the glass. Philo said, \"There you have it, electric television.\" Later, a big company, RCA, said they had made the first television. Philo had to spend a lot of money on lawyers to fight them. Finally, he won. Then, World War Two started in 1939. During the war, Philo spent a lot of money helping the US army instead of _ his television company. After the war, other bigger, richer companies started making televisions. In the end, Philo had to sell his company. \n Answer: To explain their relationships.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author mention Bell and Edison at the beginning of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dd144c92f4f3461298f6727f313cc6d0",
            "input": "Article: Knots are the kind of stuff that even myths are made of.In the Greek legend of the Gordian knot, for example, Alexander the Great used his sword to slice through a knot that had failed all previous attempts to unite it. Knots, enjoy a long history of tales and fanciful names such as \"Englishman's tie, \" \"and \"cat's paw. \" Knots became the subject of serious scientific investigation when in the 1860s the English physicist William Thomson (known today as Lord Kelvin) proposed that atoms were in fact knotted tubes of ether . In order to be able to develop the equivalent of a periodic table of the elements, Thomson had to be able to classify knots -- find out which different knots were possible. This sparked a great interest in the mathematical theory of knots. A mathematical knot looks very much like a familiar knot in a string, only with the string's ends joined. In Thomson's theory, knots could, in principle at least, model atoms of increasing complexity, such as the hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms, respectively. For knots to be truly useful in a mathematical theory, however, mathematicians searched for some precise way of proving that what appeared to be different knots were really different -- the couldn't be transformed one into the other by some simple manipulation . Towards the end of the nineteenth century, the Scottish mathematician Peter Guthrie Tait and the University of Nebraska professor Charles Newton Little published complete tables of knots with up to ten crossings. Unfortunately, by the time that this heroic effort was completed, Kelvin's theory had already been totally discarded as a model for atomic structure. Nevertheless, even without any other application in sight, the mathematical interest in knot theory continued at _ point for its own sake. In fact, mathematical became even more fascinated by knots. The only difference was that, as the British mathematician Sir Michael Atiyah has put it, \"the study of knots became a special branch of pure mathematics. \" Two major breakthroughs in knot theory occurred in 1928 and in 1984. In 1928, the American mathematician James Waddell Alexander discovered an algebraic expression that uses the arrangement of crossings to label the knot. For example, t2-t+1 or t2-3t+1, or else. Decades of work in the theory of knots finally produced the second breakthrough in 1984. The New Zealander-American mathematician Vaughan Jones noticed an unexpected relation between knots and another abstract branch of mathematics, which led to the discovery of a more sensitive invariant known as the Jones polynomial. \n Answer: The study of knots is a branch of mathematics.",
            "output": [
                "What is surprising about knots?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-77a68d3f6b2b469d95d033cc999e7bef",
            "input": "Article: Reader Janet Maynard has a lot of young bushes in her garden and is suffering from \" _ . So for Janet and anyone else who doesn't want to waste time, effort and water, here are my top tips for keeping plants refreshed in thirsty times. Water in the evening if possible, rather than leaving it till you see things suffer. That way the roots can take up the water in cool soil overnight.         Violently jetting hoses mess up the soil structure and may expose delicate roots. Use a rose on a can. Aim low - don't waste water wetting leaves, even though they look pretty and \"refreshed\".  The most valuable and easily damaged plants need the most attention, such as newly planted trees, bushes and climbers. Remove any water-keeping mulch you may have put around the base, then water it thoroughly at least two gallons, slowly. Don't aim your can rose at the stem - which we all usually tend to do. Aim the water in a wide circle so that the whole of the area under the plant is watered. You could even make a channel in the soil right around the plant so that the water is held in place as it soaks in. Replace the mulch. Repeat each week even in showery weather for the first summer.  How much water for pots? Fill up the gap between the top of the soil and the top of the pot. Let the water soak right in and then fill it again. Do this daily in hot weather for most summer potted plants.  Stand pots in saucers - it makes a big difference. But remember to check that the plants are not sitting in water for days on end when the weather turns wet. Roots will rot.  If the fertilizer in pots really dries out, the water may get straight out of the pot without being absorbed. Correct this by standing or floating the pot in a bucket of deep water until it sinks and no bubbles rise.  A push-button watering can makes for more efficient watering, and recycled water bottles upside down with a needle which has a hole on the end are useful, too, for pots. \n Answer: Make sure fertilizer in the pot doesn't dry out, otherwise the water would not be fully absorbed.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ca321721bfaf4fe9a88009b9d1f6f386",
            "input": "Article: Generations of children grew up reading comic  books secretly, hiding out from parents and teachers who saw them as a waste of time and a risk to young minds. Comics are now gaining a new respectability at school. That is thanks to an increasingly popular and creative program, often aimed at struggling readers, that encourages children to plot, write and draw comic books, in many cases using themes from their own lives. The Comic Book Project was started in 2001 by Michael Bitz at an elementary school in Queens. Since its creation, the program, which is mainly conducted after school, has spread to more than 850 schools across the country. It has gotten a big push from the craze   among teenagers for comic book clubs and for Manga, a wildly popular variety of comic from Japan. The point is not to drop a comic book on a child's desk and say \"read this\". Rather, the workshops give groups of students the opportunity to work together on stories and characters that they then revise, publish and share with others in their communities. Teachers are finding it easier to teach writing and grammar with material that students are fully invested in . And it turns out that comic books have other built-in advantages. The pairing of visual and written plotlines  that they rely on appear to be especially helpful to struggling readers. No one is suggesting that comic books should take the place of traditional books or for standard reading and composition lessons. Teachers who would once have dismissed comics out of hand are learning to use a style that clearly has a powerful hold on young minds. They are using what works. \n Answer: Comic Books in the Classroom.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dd4cb91183bf472f929c3ee1324cc072",
            "input": "Article: Rodney Smith, Jr. started mowing the lawns   in Huntsville, Alabama last fall. He used his time between classes at Alabama A&M to reach a goal of mowing 100 yards before winter. Smith has been cutting grass for free to help single moms, the elderly, and the disabled, while teaching the local youth the values that can turn boys into men. \"I'm doing something positive. I want boys to follow me and be better than me,\" he wrote on his Facebook page. Rodney is from Bermuda. He says people there help each other and are always friendly. \"That's what drives me to help people.\" In May this year, he was getting ready to _ his mowing service for the summer when he heard about a 93-year-old woman trying to cut grass by herself. Smith and a friend showed up to do the job for her. In November, a local TV station gave him $300, calling it a special gift for his good work. After he received the money, he used it to create the non-profit  service group, Raising Men Lawn Care Service. He also started a page to collect money to buy lawn equipment and other things--including T-shirts with special logos. After I read about Rodney's story, I told my friends about him. We also planned to mow lawns for single moms, the elderly and disabled in our neighborhood. And I hope more and more young people will join Rodney's service group--Raising Men Lawn Care Service. \n Answer: To mow 100 yards for free.",
            "output": [
                "What was Rodney Smith, Jr.'s goal last fall?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-25f2b837b5544244b1264799db0ccf07",
            "input": "Article: The London 20120lympics are being praised as a sporting and logistical success,but the influence on economy is far less certain.Some London tourist attractions,businesses and hotels reported that their business actually fell during the Games.But as Olly Barratt reports from London,the overall UK economy is looking for long-term results. Showing an Olympic-sized party like this cost the UK almost l 5 billion dollars.But while spectators went to east London'S Olympic Park,central London has been much quieter than. normal. Arthur lRason,a central London stallholder,said,\"Am I taking less? Yeah,I'm taking less.There'S no question about it.\" Restaurants were among businesses that reported lower takings than normal at this time of year.And one tourism trade association says a survey of its members found the Games had  had a negative influence all over the UK.But during the recent recession ,British officials still insist the Games were worth it.Boris Johnson,Mayor of London said,\"I think it'S been an amazing display of what you can do if you plan and you work for years and years on a project. And I think it's a great advertisement for British engineering and British industry.\"    The government hopes the Games will be a great help to the British brand worldwide,and they are also an opportunity to sweet-talk potential investors from all over the world.And a fall in takings for some attractions should not have come as a surprise. \n Answer: East London.",
            "output": [
                "Where is the London'S Olympic Park located?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b71d7f96879643f197cedf846a5004e6",
            "input": "Article: I have some work in Glasgow today. I was on a really tight schedule, which meant I would have no time for myself all day. I was having one of those days, the train was completely packed out and the conversation going on around me seemed to be particularly meaningless. On top of all that, I had a bit a headache. Walking quickly across the hall, I fished some change from my pocket. There was usually someone at the exit selling The Big Issue(a magazine that helps homeless folk earn a living). As the crowd parted ways at the bottom of the hall, I saw someone selling the Big Issue. You had to be homeless to sell the Big Issue. She really looked like she'd been sleeping rough. Her clothes were ragged and she was also rocking from side to side. At first I thought maybe she was trying to keep warm against the biting wind, But she wasn't ,she was moving in time to a tune. I couldn't hear her, but I could see her lips moving. As I got closer, I saw a white cane hanging from her elbow and noticed that she had sunken( ) eyes. She was blind, dirty and living on the streets. I came closer and through the noise of the traffic I heard her sing the immortal  line, \"--and I think to myself, what a wonderful world!\" I bought her last magazine for twice what I'd originally intended. She thanked me, then she picked up her stuff and went tapping off along the pavement--still singing! So, I have my happy memory for the day. And I think it will stay with me a long ,long time. Feel free to borrow it if you like. \n Answer: Because they can't find a happy memory.",
            "output": [
                "Why do some actors keep a sad thought or memory according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-83a5e4b4750a41fe9f37f4bf624a5684",
            "input": "Article: Mrs. Janes gave music lessons at a school.She had a good voice and enjoyed singing, except that some of her high tones sound like a gate that had forgotten to oil.Mrs. Janes knew her weakness well, and took every chance she could find to practise these high notes. As she lived in a small house, where she could not practise without disturbing the rest of the family, she usually went for long walks along the country roads whenever she had time and practised her high notes there.Whenever she heard a car or a person coming along the road, she stopped and waited until she could no longer be heard before she started practicing again, because she was a shy person. One afternoon, a fast, opened car came up behind her so silently and so fast that she didn't hear it until it was only a few yards from her.She was singing some of her highest and most difficult tones at that time and as the car passed, she saw an anxious expression came over the driver's face.He stopped his car suddenly, jumped out and began to examine all his tyres carefully. Mrs. Janes didn't dare to tell him what the noise he had heard really was, so he got back into the car and drove off. \n Answer: She sang terribly, she was no singer at all.",
            "output": [
                "How did Mrs. Janes sing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-da1290f01ae84c3a9bb56b278a8645b0",
            "input": "Article: In Indonesian 2-year-old boy who hit the headlines last month due to a 40-a-day cigarette addiction has reportedly cut down to 15-a-day from 40, after the child received treatment.      Images of a two-year-old boy smoking cigarettes have shocked people in Indonesia. The little boy, Ardi Rizal from Sumatra, is addicted to nicotine and smokes 40 cigarettes a day. His father, Mohammed Rizal, thinks there's no problem with his son's bad habit. He told reporters that his child looked healthy and that it was the only thing that was important. He went on to explain how Ardi took up smoking when he was 18 months old. That was when he gave his son his first cigarette. Now he's totally  _ ; he screams if his father doesn't let him smoke.      Ardi's story is part of a worrying trend in Indonesia. It has one of the worst smoking records in the world, with a population of 250 million people. Government statistics show 25 percent of Indonesia teenagers have smoked and that about 3 percent are regular smokers.       Indonesia is the world's third largest smoking nation. It is reported that over a third of the country smokes, and 90% of the country's smokers smoke a native cigarette which has twice the levels of tat and nicotine in an average cigarette used around the world. Cigarettes are everywhere and smoking is still seen as a socially acceptable practice. Many people in the country do not know the health risks connected with smoking. Health Minister Endang Sedyaningsih said preventing youngsters from smoking would be very difficult because people believe smoking is a good thing. She said tobacco companies are well like because they sponsor many things from education to sporting and public events. She added, \" This is the challenge we face in protecting youth from the danger of smoking\". \n Answer: Because he smoked too much for his age.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the Indonesian boy hit the headlines?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f6e892ed8ac24a05ac1388937b6edd5f",
            "input": "Article: One of the best-loved American writers was William Sydney Porter, or O.Henry. From 1893 he lived with his family in a house in Austin, Texas, which is now a museum. Visitors to Austin can see the house. It was saved from destruction   and turned into a museum in1934. The museum is a good way to learn about the interesting life of the American writer. William Porter rented this house in Austin and lived there with his wife Athol and daughter Margaret for about two years. Many objects in the museum belonged to the Porters. Others did not. An important piece in the room is the original photograph over here. It was taken there in the house about 1895. The piano there goes back to the 1860s. His wife took lessons on it when she first moved to Austin. Porter did not start his career as a successful writer. He worked at a farm, land office and bank. He also loved words and writing. The museumm has a special proof of Porter's love of language --- his dictionary. It is said that he had read every word in that dictionary. Later William Porter was forced to leave Austin because he was charged with financial wrongdoing at the bank and lost his job. Because he was afraid of a trail  , he left the country secretly. But he returned because his wife was dying. After her death, he faced the trial and became a criminal. He served three and a half years in a prison in Ohio. William Porter would keep his time in prison a secret. But there was one good thing about it. It provided him with time to write. By the time he was freed, he had published 14 stories and became well known as O.Henry. Porter later moved to New York City and found great success there. He published over 180 stories in the last eight years of his life. \n Answer: It has a long history of about 150 years.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the piano in the house?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f58c170bda224860815c37fa6f729de5",
            "input": "Article: It was a long time since I visited my mother last time. The demands of my work and my three children had made it possible to visit her only occasionally. That night I called to invite her to go out for dinner and a movie. She thought about it for a moment, and then agreed. That Friday after work, I drove over to pick her up. When I arrived at her house, I noticed that she had curled her hair and was wearing the dress that she had worn to celebrate her last wedding anniversary. She smiled from a face that was as beautiful as an angel's. We went to a very nice and comfortable restaurant. After we sat down, I had to read the menu. A smile was on her lips.\"It was I who used to have to read the menu when you -were a child,\" she said. \"Then it's time that you relax and let me return the favor,\" I responded. During the dinner we had an agreeable conversation-nothing special but catching up on recent events of each other's life. We talked so much that we missed the movie. As we arrived at her house later, she said,\"I'll go out with you again, but only if you let me invite you.\" I agreed. A few days later my mother died of an unexpected heart attack. It happened so suddenly that I didn't have a chance to do anything for her. At that moment I understood the importance of saying \"I love you\" in time and giving our loved ones the time that they deserve. Nothing in life is more important than your family. Give them the time they deserve, because these things cannot be put off till \"some other time\". \n Answer: She felt happy to meet the author.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the mother curl her hair and wear the dress that night?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1ee604dff50f48a98d1671c9b12ae889",
            "input": "Article: It is often said that man has become the enemy of our planet. This is no exaggeration , for reports show that man's greed has done much to destroy the earth. Man, in his greedy desire for financial growth, has polluted the air, land and water, and has robbed our valuable natural resources. Man's industrial plants pour out poisonous waste that pollutes the sea and puts life in the sea under the threat of dying out; at the same time, they release alarming amounts of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other pollutants. Small wonder that the air now is much warmer and more impure than ever before. Of course, this is not just because of man's greed--it is man's pressing need as well. For instance, in developing countries, huge financial foreign debts have forced governments to approve the cutting of forests for agriculture or ranching. As a result, forests are cut down just to meet man's immediate needs. Perhaps unknowingly,man has changed the make-up of the earth's atmosphere. Scientific studies have shown that CFCs used in refrigerators and industrial cleaners are fast destroying the ozone layer--a protective layer in the atmosphere that protects us against the harmful effects of the sun's ultraviolet  rays. In fact, documented reports have shown a terrible fact that there are \"holes\" in the ozone layer over the Antarctic. And they appear to be expanding. Faced with these environmental problems, world leaders have shown deep concern. The UN Environmental Programme (UNEP) has arranged international agreements like the Vienna convention of 1985 and the Montreal Protocol of 1989 to preserve the ozone layer by controlling the production, use and trade of destructive chemicals. There may be some doubt as to how effectual these agreements may be, given that some countries still maintain an \"I-don't-care\" attitude. Their attitude is probably due to their failure to grasp the importance of the problem. Then, there is no doubt that environmental education on an international scale is greatly needed, so that all countries, great and small--the \"haves\" and the \"have nots\"--may realize their responsibilities for our planet. In the meantime, the UNEP seems to have taken steps in the right direction, and it is hoped that in the not so distant future, all nations of the world will join hands in saving mother earth. \n Answer: To have land for agriculture.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is a reason for the cutting and burning of forests?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9f74ddcb745841b7be45b87d6824cc2b",
            "input": "Article: CAIRO, Egypt (Reuters) April 24, 2006--Three explosions shook the Egyptian Sinai _ of Dahab on Monday, killing 23 people and wounding dozens of others, rescue and security officials said. Witnesses said smokebillowed1up from the town's tourist bazaar, and residents said they saw body parts anddebris2on the street after an explosion at a restaurant. People in the small beach and diving resort, which is popular with backpackers, described scenes ofcarnage3andchaos4. A cafe worker who was about 200 meters (yards) from the scene said: \"We saw many dead people. People were screaming. People were being taken to hospital. Egyptians went to give blood. There were body parts. There's police everywhere.\" \"There are ambulances and cars taking people to hospital,\" said another resident, who also did not want to be named. The explosions took place at the Nelson Restaurant, the Aladdin Cafeteria and the Ghazala Supermarket, the Interior Ministry said. The explosions took place in quick succession at about 7.15 p.m. (1715 GMT). \"There is smoke coming from the area and there are people running everywhere,\" said one witness, who heard the blasts. An official with the local ambulance service said many of the dead appeared to be foreigners. Israeli divers often stay in the resort but with the Passover holiday over it is unlikely many were there. The Israeli ambassador in Cairo and Israeli authorities said they did not know of any Israelicasualties5. One visitor said police were stopping cars and buses leaving the resort and had imposed restrictions on movements in and out of backpacker camps in the area. It was the third set of three explosions on the eastern coast of the Sinai peninsula since October 2004, when a group attacked the Hilton hotel in the border resort of Taba and two other resorts on the northeast coast, killing 34 people. Notes: 1 billow  v.  2 debris  n.  3 carnage  n. , 4 chaos  n.  5 casualty  n. \n Answer: Many houses were burned to the ground.",
            "output": [
                "What's the result of the explosions in Dahab?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-32fb82d194734159a83c8b9302b5ae3b",
            "input": "Article: We're unleashing the five most popular songs in the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart, for the week ending November 15, 2014. We don't get any new songs this week...but things do get shaken up a bit. It all starts in fifth place, where Jessie J, Ariana Grande, and Nicki Minaj dip a notch with \"Bang Bang.\" Jessie says she wanted to assemble this lineup for a long time - she says she only met the other two after the song went to number one on iTunes. Jessie also says she wanted to use Nicki five years ago on her debut single, \"Do It Like A Dude.\" Taking over fourth place is Maroon 5 with \"Animals.\" This band has been around for 20 years...but not always under this name. The Los Angeles group formed in 1994 as Kara's Flowers, and released one album under that name in 1997. Four years later the members re-grouped as Maroon 5, and the rest is chart history. Holding in third place is Tove Lo with \"Habits (Stay High).\" Where did that name come from? This Swedish artist's real name is Ebba Tove Elsa Nillson. \"Lo\" is Swedish for lynx - a species of wildcat that Tove says she fell in love with as a little girl. After eight weeks, Meghan Trainor falls off the Hot 100 pedestal: \"All About That Bass\" falls to second place. Last week, she and Miranda Lambert sang this song at the Country Music Association Awards in Nashville, and Meghan kicks off a headlining North American tour next February in Vancouver, Canada. Taylor Swift re-takes the Hot 100 title, with \"Shake It Off\" - giving her three total weeks at the top - but that's only the beginning of her phenomenal week. Taylor's 1989 album just opened at number one by selling 1.2 million domestic copies. That's the largest sales week since The Eminem Show sold 1.3 million copies, way back in 2002. That's a wrap for this week, but as you know, the chart is always changing. Come back in seven days for an all-new lineup. \n Answer: \"Habits (Stay High)\" is sung by a Swedish singer Ebba Tove Elsa Nillson.",
            "output": [
                "What is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-879741bb3cd643dcaecc7115268b1061",
            "input": "Article: Not all think laughter is the best medicine, but it seems to help.So scientists carried on a new study of diabetes   patients who were given a good dose of humor for a year to prove it. Researchers divide 20 high-risk diabetic patients into two groups.Both groups were given standard diabetes medicine.Group L viewed 30 minutes of humor of their choice, while Group C, the control group, did not.This went on for a year of treatments. By two months into the study, the patients in the laughter group had lower level of the hormones epinephrine  , considered to cause stress, which is known to be deadly.After the 12 months, _ rises 26 percent in Group L but only 3 percent in Group C.In another measure, C-reactive proteins, a maker of heart disease, drop 66 percent in the laughter group but only 26 percent in the control group. \"The best doctors believe that there is a physical good brought about by the positive emotion, happy laughter,\" said study leader Lee Berk of Loma Linda University.And other research has found that humor makes us more hopeful.Still, more study is needed, Berk said.The research by Berk found that humor can bring about similar changes in body chemistry, which was proved in the new study.The research result will be presented this month at the meeting in the US.Research at the University of Maryland School of Medicine shows that laughter causes the inner lining of blood vessels to expand, increasing blood flow in a way thought to be healthy. \"Lifestyle choices have an important effect on health and these are choices which we and patients should pay attention to, rather than prevention and treatment,\" Berk said in a statement this week. \n Answer: To find out if laughter was good to health.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the scientists carry on the new research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2835cd5f05c2416598a295c5a8952b5b",
            "input": "Article: When one person gains weight, their close friends often follow. Researchers have just offered evidence in a study that says obesity  appears to spread through society. But the findings might also offer hope.  If friends help make obesity acceptable, then they might also be influential in losing the fat. The researchers note that support groups are already an effective tool in dealing with other socially influenced problems, like alcoholism .  The findings appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine. The researchers used information collected from 12,000 people. It was collected between 1972 and 2003 as part of the Framingham Heart Study.  The information was highly detailed. There was even contact information for close friends of the people in the study. The researchers examined more than 40,000 social ties. They found a person's chances of becoming severely overweight increased by 50% if a friend had become obese. A sister or brother of a person who became obese had a 40% increased chance of becoming obese. The risk for a wife or husband was a little less than that. Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School was a lead researcher in the study. He says there is a direct causal relationship between a person getting fat and being followed in weight gain by a friend. The study found that the sex of the friends was also an influence. In same-sex friendship, a person had a 71% increased risk of becoming obese. Men had a 44% increased risk of becoming obese after weight gain in a brother. In sisters, it was 67%. The researchers also considered the effect of where people lived in relation to each other. James Fowler of the University of California was the other lead expert. He says a friend who lives a few hundred kilometers away has as much influence as one in the same neighborhood. He says the study demonstrates the need to consider that a major part of people's health is tied to their social connections. Both researchers say their research shows that obesity is not just a private medical issue, but also a public health problem. \n Answer: If one gains weight, one's friends are likely to get fat.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements would Nicholas Christakis agree to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0768e6b813e446c98e8e2949686f3938",
            "input": "Article: Robots are being used for the first time in hospitals. \"Robot-nurses\" perform a variety of tasks such as delivering medicine, food and laboratory samples to sickrooms and taking away waste. Patients aren't treated by robots, as this is still done by medical staff. The idea is to employ robots to transport supplies between departments. \"Nurses often have to break off from what they are doing to gather supplies,\" says Peter Seiff, who makes the robots called TUGs. Research shows any interruption in medical work can lead to errors --- a nurse may forget whether she has given medicine and may give a patient double the dose   or none at all. The robots vary in size according to what job they perform, but normally take the shape of a metal box on wheels, with a box on the side containing their software. After being programmed, the robots are able to find their way around a hospital unassisted. They also contain scanning technology to create electronic pictures or a \"memory\" of routes on their hard drives to help them go through passages, doors and other obstacles. Each robot is also monitored at the producer's headquarters   in case it runs into any difficulties. Trials show TUGs reduce the time it takes for a patient to receive medicine, and stop drugs from going missing. A study at the University of Maryland Medical Centre in the U.S. found that when three TUGs were used over the course of a year, the average length of time from the drugstore receiving a prescription to the patient receiving it dropped from 74 minutes to 30 minutes and saved nurses 6,123 hours finding medicines. It also cut the number of medicines that went missing to zero. \"The biggest complaints we receive from patients is that the nurses don't spend enough time with them. Anything that frees nurses is a  _ ,\" says Katherine Mulligan, director of nursing at the hospital, \"The TUGs allow nurses to spend more time focusing on patient care. Nurse satisfaction has improved.\" \n Answer: Creating electronic pictures.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following activities are robot-nurses NOT programmed to deal with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f7b1ab6fa5a84856a753bd0b8f7f4241",
            "input": "Article: My son. The phrase felt difficult and strange the first time I said it, and I had to practice it a thousand times. I started saying the words to myself the day when the ultrasound told me we were having a baby. Finally, my son was born. The nurse came out of the delivery room, holding a tiny, howling human being wrapped in a white sheet, his small hands and delicate fingers shaking nervously. \"Baby Sanchez?\" she asked, looking at the room full of expectant fathers. I stood up, holding my breath. She showed me my baby. \"My son,\" I whispered. The little guy screamed, \"waaaaaaaaaah.\" But in my heart I heard him cry out, \"Daaaaaaad!\" I don't care if everyone in the room will swear they didn't hear my baby say that. I called him, \"My son,\" and he called me \"Dad,\" and that's that. People ask me, \"What did you feel at that moment?\" I can't even begin to answer. I'm a writer yet I try hard to find the right words. Joyful isn't powerful enough. Bliss  is not sweet enough. Peaceful isn't calm enough. Happy isn't tense enough. After my son was taken away to the nursery, I sat down and shut my eyes. But tears escaped them away. Then out of the blue, my 80-year-old father entered, and we embraced. \"Dad,\" I whispered. \"My son,\" my heart heard him saying. Suddenly the past 33 years folded into the present and I was now the baby bundled in white, with my father standing over me. \"My son,\" I imagined him saying. \"Daaaaaaaaaad!\" I cried my little lungs out. At that point, I knew I was going to be a great father. The old man in front of me seemed to agree. He smiled and we walked out of the room in search of the tiny human being that would change our lives for ever. \n Answer: The baby was taken away because the nurse found there was a mistake.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6fc4eaa0565b4d728c77da9fcfd0abfe",
            "input": "Article: Entire populations of American toads breed within the same few days at the same time each year, usually late April or early May. The toads hop to their breeding ponds after the ground has warmed and the first hard spring rain falls. To get there, many of the toads will cross roads that cut through their habitat. It will be a grand view of hopping toads as well as a disastrous killing by cars! The toads are \"slow in moving at that time of year--it's still cool, they've been inactive--and they get killed\" by cars when crossing roads, said Serrao, a naturalist. An April night five years ago, when Serrao went out to a country road to watch the moving of the toads, he counted 100 toads; 95 were hit by cars.  A similar story can be told for several other species of toads, frogs, crocodiles and turtles around the world.  The world's amphibians are reducing, and road-killing is just one factor behind it. Other better-known causes of the decline include global warming, insecticides , and the loss of wetlands.  Serrao says unless these animals get help crossing the road, their local populations will disappear.  Jackson, a biologist, said one way to help amphibians survive road crossings is to construct \"amphibian tunnels\" beneath the road. Jackson says tunnels should be a 0.6-meter-by-0.6-meter box, open at the top, and fitted with an iron grate to allow enough air and light into the tunnel. In addition, fences or walls should extend out from either side of a tunnel for about 30 meters, which guide amphibians toward the tunnels.  European countries have built amphibian tunnels for decades. Jackson led a team that installed the first such tunnel in prefix = st1 /Americain 1987, which helped over 3/4 of the local amphibian population safely cross the road. Jackson says that there are about a hundred amphibian tunnels in the UStoday, but many of them were not carefully designed and probably not working well because land developers wanted to save money. \n Answer: When the first heavy rain comes in spring.",
            "output": [
                "When do American toads hop to breeding ponds?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe8a2ac8088c45028efe0e397300eb75",
            "input": "Article: In the United States, many low income   parents cannot afford to buy enough food for their children. A program called Kids Cafe is helping some of these children by providing free nutritious   snacks and meals during after-school programs. At a community   center in Virginia just outside of Washington, D.C., children make a snack as part of their afterschool program. \"The snack is very healthy for your body, but the main thing is that it tastes really, really good,\" Keith Clements tells them. He runs the Kids Cafe program. The children are between the ages of 5 and 11 and are from several local schools. About half have parents from Ethiopia. Many of the children eat their traditional food at home. Kids Cafe, with food offered free by a food bank, gives them an opportunity to try different types of food. \"It's good,\" says one girl. But Rebecca Nance, whose parents are from the US, is not so sure. \"The taste is weird.\" Her mother, Daffany Nance has two children in the program. She's glad her kids are getting nutritious food. \"Even in my house we don't have much junk food,\" she says, \"so it's very important that it's healthy and continues to help them grow better.\" The charity  , Feeding America, started the national Kids Cafe program in 1993. The charity says more than 16 million children in the United States do not have enough healthy food to eat. Kids Cafe became part of the afterschool program at this community center five years ago. Lori McFail heads the afterschool program. She says some children do not eat good evening meals because their parents work late or cannot afford healthy food. She hopes the children will make full use of what they've learned about nutrition in their lives. \n Answer: To provide poor children with nutritious food.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of starting Kids Cafe?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ef60e8a5962e48feace90f9950f60ae0",
            "input": "Article: I stood outside New York's Madison Square Garden and just stared, almost speechless. I was a farm boy from County Kilkenny, a child who some thought would never walk, let alone go as far as I had in the world. From the day I was born, there was a problem. The doctors at the Dublin hospital told my parents I had phocomelia, a _ that affected both legs below the knee, which were outward and shorter than normal and each foot had just three toes. Life was tough. I couldn't stand, much less walk. I rarely, left the farmhouse---and then only in someone's arms. Mam bundled me up whenever she took me to town, no matter the season. \"The world will see him when he can walk,\" she told Dad. \"And he will walk.\" Mam devoted herself to helping me. She tried everything to get me on my feet. When I was three, she and Dad took me to a clinic in Dublin. A few weeks later we returned to Dublin with my artificial limbs  . Back home I practiced walking with my new limbs. \"There's nothing anyone can do but you can't,\" Mam said. \"You and I are going to walk through town.\" The next day Mam dressed me in my finest clothes. She wore a summer dress and fixed her hair and makeup. Dad drove us to the church. We stepped out of the car. Mam took my hand. \"Hold your head up high, now, Ronan,\" she said. We walked 300 meters to the post office. It was the farthest I'd walked, and I was sweating from the effort. Then we left the post office and continued down the street, Mam's eyes shining with a mother's pride. That night, back on our farm, I lay exhausted on my bed. It meant nothing, though, compared to what I'd done on my walk. Then I began to pursue my dream of singing. And at every step Mam's words came back to me--Ronan, you can do anything anyone else can do--and the faith she had in God, who would help me do it. I've sung from the grandest stages in Europe, to music played by the world's finest musicians. That night, I stood at the Madison Square Garden, with Mam's words chiming in my ears. Then I began singing. I couldn't feel the pulse of the music in my feet, but I felt it deep in my heart, the same place where Mam's promise lived. \n Answer: He was expected unable to walk.",
            "output": [
                "What was the problem with the author as a baby?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d589823ec65341f38464d34b11687dc8",
            "input": "Article: The Mississippi is the major river system in the United States. The Yangtze is China's longest river. Although a world apart, the two waterways share conservation concerns that provide a cultural bridge between students in the United States and China, as well as from around the world. The Mississippi flows almost 3,800 kilometers from a small lake in Minnesota, gathering the waters of 250 other rivers and streams before reaching the Gulf of Mexico. In mid-May, as spring flowers began to open, about 41 students from a dozen colleges, mostly in the Midwest, explored a section of the river in Wisconsin and Iowa, to learn about the environment, and each other. The students, from the U.S., China and around the world, came to join the River Spirit Exchange program. The cross-cultural educational experience - set up by the University of Wisconsin, Madison-based Environment and Public Health Network for Chinese Students - focuses on the Mississippi and China's longest river, the Yangtze. This three day get-together featured story-telling, hiking, camping and canoeing, all part of a larger lesson about conservation projects that can be used on both the Yangtze and Mississippi. While the students learned about the problems challenging the Mississippi and Yangtze, Jeb Barzen, a wildlife biologist, explained they should also learn about the importance of bridging each other's culture. The president of the Environment and Public Health Network for Chinese Students, Xiaojun Lu, said the Mississippi and Yangtze Rivers are uniting these students from opposite ends of the earth. Organizers say the success and spirit of this first gathering of students will lead to other trips, including one down the Yangtze. \n Answer: Minnesota",
            "output": [
                "Where is the source of the Mississippi?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-edb60acf7a334ac7a0c8127d2838dcef",
            "input": "Article: An African farmer had heard tales about other farmers who had made millions of dollars by discovering diamond mines. These tales so excited the farmer that he could hardly wait to sell his farm and go prospecting for diamonds himself. So he sold the farm and spent the rest of his life wandering the African continent, searching unsuccessfully for the shining stone that brought such high prices on the markets of the world. Finally, broke and worn out, he threw himself into a river and drowned. Meanwhile, back at the farm, the man who had bought his farm happened to be crossing a small river on the property one day when he saw something shining at the bottom of the river. He picked it up. It was a sparkling stone - a good size stone - and, admiring it, he later put it on his fireplace mantel  as an interesting curiosity. Several weeks later, a visitor admired the stone, looked closely at it, lifted it in his hand and nearly fainted. He asked the farmer if he knew what he'd found. When the farmer said no, that he thought it was just a piece of crystal, the visitor told him he had found one of the largest diamonds ever discovered. The farmer was astonished. He told the man that his small river was full of these brilliant stones, and his farmland was covered with them. Not all were as large, perhaps, as the one on his mantel, but they were sprinkled generously throughout his property. Needless to say, the farm the first farmer had sold, so that he could search for a diamond mine, turned out to be the most productive diamond mine on the entire African continent. \n Answer: He was told that there was no diamonds on his farm.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the first farmer sell his farm?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e44cf65cfd414581b31a7eaf291e3196",
            "input": "Article: Amy returned to her small apartment at midnight, tired. Her worst fears raced through her mind. Would the court tell her she couldn't care for her family anymore? Would the kids go through the sadness once more of being split up and sent away? She was so young, almost a child herself, and yet Amy knew everything depended on her. At that moment, she wondered if she would ever find the strength to see it through. From earliest childhood, Amy took care of her younger brothers. Jan, their mother, only added to the family disorder and confusion because of her drug addict. Sometimes they lived in apartments, sometimes in shelters. One afternoon Amy was called to the high school, where a social worker was waiting for her. \"We're going to have to put you guys in foster  care.\" the social worker said. \"No! Don't spilt us up!\" the girl cried out. \"Can't you just leave it the way it is?\" The social worker shook his head. Amy's voice then rose like the howl of a lion protecting her babies: \"Why can't I take them? I take care of them all the time anyway.\" The social worker hesitated, and then said, \"Maybe. Once you're 18, you could apply to become their relative caretaker. Then you'd be their foster mother until we find a home where all of you can be together.\" \"I'll do it,\" Amy said. One month later, Amy was named _ of her brothers for a six-month trial period. It was a remarkable victory for an 18-year-old girl. Her brothers didn't make her task any easier in the months ahead. However,Amy's efforts were rewarded when the court allowed her to continue as guardian. Amy's relief at remaining the kids' guardian was at risk of being taken away by the pressure she always felt to measure up. Social workers still looked regularly over her shoulder and asked the boys shameful questions: \"Does she feed you? Does she ever try to harm you?\" Then one day a visiting social worker came over. \"We'd like to get the boys adopted into homes,\" she said. Sensing that the family was about to be split apart yet again, Amy replied, \"Fine, then. Call it adoption if you want, but they're not going anywhere.\" To her surprise, the social worker took her remark seriously. She explained that if Amy were to adopt the boys, they would become like any other family. That night at dinner Amy told the boys about the idea. \"Cool!\" Joey said. He threw a piece of corn at Adam. His brother flicked it back, and pretty soon corn was flying. Amy rolled her eyes. _ As the proceedings ended, Amy thanked everyone. \"No,\" the judge responded, \"Thank you. You saved three kids. Not many family members would do what you're doing, especially for this many children. I'm very proud of you.\" On a lazy spring day, in a modest suburban neighborhood, Amy stood in front of a neatly kept one-story house. She watched her brothers playing basketball, and heard the playful bark of their dog, Tahoe. The young lady had made good on her promise: they had rented a home, a real home, and the boys had gotten their dog. Amy continues to raise her family alone, but has begun taking courses in business management at a nearby community college. Eventually, she hopes to become a child psychologist. \n Answer: Firm and stubborn",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best describes Amy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b15c5a6e5e8b454e8a18ac013dbe5f80",
            "input": "Article: When next year's crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they'll be joined by a new face: Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost  of Yale, who'll become Oxford's vice-chancellor----a position equal to university president in America. Hamilton isn't the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc. have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it's gone global. Yet the talent flow isn't universal. High-level personnel  tend to head in only one direction: outward from America. The chief reason is that American schools don't tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university's budget. \"We didn't do any global consideration,\" says Patricia Hayes, the board's chair. The board finally picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist  who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a particularlly American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity. Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student numbers. The decline in government support has made fund-raising an increasingly necessary ability among administrators  , and has hiring committees hungry for Americans. In the past few years, well-known schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen \"a major strengthening of Yale's financial position.\" Of course, fund-raising isn't the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective  on established practices. \n Answer: Institution worldwide are hiring administrators from the US.",
            "output": [
                "What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2016cdd13757451b96be2134058c0b3e",
            "input": "Article: Wonderful places can he visited at a low price. You call visit the following places with hotel rates and services that are down the average. SOUTH AFRICA Nelson Mandela's hotel rate is 8 percent down compared to the previous years. You can enjoy safari or just hang out with the free-walking penguins on Boulders Beach, Cape Town. Let's take the case of Kruger National Park. The entrance fee is 20 USD(14.51 EUR). In the Park, you will discover wild animals of Africa such as buffalo, weaver, elephant shrew, leopard tortoise, ant lion, and rhino beetle. They are gathered in one place just to make visitor's pleasures. And this is mostly the case in all sites and attractions in South Africa. In Johannesburg holiday makers are free to pay a visit at the Nelson Mandela Museum. VENIC (favorite destination and yet low-cost) Although Venice is known as one of the most beautiful cities in the world, hotel rates and services are low-cost compared to other destinations. With Venetian atmosphere, you can buy commodities of world-famous brands easily. One night 3-Stars hotel only costs around 14 Euros or 19. 3 USD ill minimum ATLANTIC CANADA Seafood and a rich history await holidaymakers at affordable prices. Special deals and discounts can be seen in almost all hotels in Atlantic Canada. With 48.24 USD (35 Euros), you can spend one night in Country Hearth Inn Atlantic City. Of course, with more than that, all attractions, services and commodities are available. You can also buy a ticket at 10 OUSD to enter the Fisheries Museum of the Atlantic and its wharves . \n Answer: In Kruger National Park.",
            "output": [
                "Where can you see a variety of wild animals?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9fa564a9c8544c16a86300b5b4f20bd3",
            "input": "Article: Wouldn't you want to travel more often without breaking the bank? If you are interested, read on to find out how you can do simple things to save money next time you go on vacation. Airfares Plan in advance and visit discount websites to see if there are better deals. If you are planning to stay in two countries and an airline makes you change planes on those countries anyway, you might be in luck. Check pricing on the flights to see if you can stay a few days at the country of the flight change instead of changing planes right away since airlines often let you do that for the same price. Accommodations Sometimes the smaller towns close to where you are going have hotels that are much less expensive. If you don't mind the 15-minute ride, you might just save a large amount of money. Home exchanges are pretty cool and popular especially in Europe. If you are of the adventure type, this could be exciting and refreshing. Sometimes smaller hotel chains are willing to give you free upgrades or even free nights. If you are staying at a destination for at least a few days, consider a vacation home instead of hotels. They are often more comfortable and your cost will probably be cheaper. Eating Figure out where you will be and eat before you actually go out. Avoid breakfast from the hotels because chances are good that the breakfast from the hotel is expensive and isn't great. It probably pays to walk out the front door in the morning and find a local cafe. You might just discover the local favorite unexpectedly. Want a breakfast that costs nothing? Ask for some bread to-go at the restaurant the night before. In addition, fancy lunches are often much less expensive than dinners. If you eat a big lunch and a light dinner, it's also healthier. \n Answer: Those who don't mind long-distance trips.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of travelers will choose a vocation home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95ff241ff05a4589993341a660e4b2e9",
            "input": "Article: In today's prefix = st1 /Ireland, it seems hard to imagine the grim days of the 19thcentury when so many of the population starved, or that, in those days, many poor people had no clue how to prepare any food other than boil a potato. Nowadays, it is quite possible to eat both well and heartily all over the island. Tourism has made a  _ difference to the standards of cooking inIreland. Until recently there was hardly any tradition of eating out in many districts, except perhaps on very few occasions at a local hotel. Patterns of diet were old-styled, based firmly on 'meat and two vegetables' (somewhat overcooked), potatoes (of course) and large quantities of dairy produce. Now things are very different. Tourist demands for predictable, inexpensive fast-food are met, as everywhere, with hamburgers and pizzas - a better bet being fish and chips. But more sophisticated tastes have introduced wholefoods and vegetarian restaurants (almost unheard of before), and a vast number of new restaurants, often French in style, have opened in the main tourist centres. Food 'events' such as Kinsale's Gourmet festival or Galway's Oyster Festival attract large numbers of visitors and reflect the new interest in food. Whatever Irish cooking lacks in finesse , it nearly always makes up for in plenty, and ingredients  are of a high quality. Home-grown produce includes rich dairy foods, beef, lamb and pork, and a great variety of seafood. One of its great specialities is soda bread. It is made with buttermilk and is served fresh and warm with every meal. Recently there has been a return to simple Irish foods such as stews and potato dishes. One of the best-value meals in Irelandis breakfast. A 'traditional Irish breakfast' is a plateful of bacon and eggs with soda and potato breads. Accommodation rates are nearly always quoted with a full breakfast included, so you might as well eat enough to keep you going all day and get your money's worth! \n Answer: It was very conservative and uninteresting.",
            "output": [
                "What was Irish food like until quite recently?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c56fb13a44dd46da82e3ea81c041b6af",
            "input": "Article: Camp memories last forever! We make sure they are unforgettable! Shadow Ridge Summer Camps offer so many exciting things for campers to do. Unlike other camp programs that include horses as a small part of their program, at Shadow Ridge horses are the program! We are 100% horse from stable   management, nature walks, and track rides to bedroom furnishings. Horses help us achieve many of our aims. Girls can learn to develop responsibility, self-confidence and personal connections in their lives while having fun. Using horses as a wonderful tool for education, our camps offer an interesting place for growth and learning. Imagine each girl having her own horse to spend time with and a best friend to love and take care of. Each camper is responsible for a horse for a week. Our riding program provides a lot of riding and lesson time. Campers will learn how to take care of the horse and the track  , as well as how to ride. Days are filled with horse-related activities to strengthen the connection between each girl and horse, as the girls learn to work safely around the horses. At Shadow Ridge we try to create a loving, caring family atmosphere for our campers. We have \"The Bunkhouse\" (4 girls), \"the Wrangle Roost\" (4 girls), and \"The Hideout\" (2 girls) in our comfortable 177-year-old farm house. All meals are home cooked, offering delicious and healthy food for the hungry rider. Our excellent activities create personalized memories of your child's vacation. Each child will receive a camp T-shirt and a photo album (usually 300 - 500 pictures) of their stay at camp. Our camps are offered during June, July and August 2007, for small groups of girls aged 13 -16 years, not only from Canada but also other parts of the world. We will send you full program description at your request. \n Answer: To attract people to the camps.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa87459c9fde4d1cab3b8190c15c7c23",
            "input": "Article: Getting a new PC is one thing, Keeping it running smoothly is quite another. While a personal computer should continue to perform well for years, users know that system unsteadiness does exist Yet you can reduce it to the smallest amount by following the tips below . First, put in as little software as possible. You'11 have fewer software -related problems and a system that is easier to manage. Second, you should ensure that you have as much memory (RAM) in your PC as you need If you run  Windows 98,your computer should have as least 128 megabytes (MB)of RAM and more You can also get by with 128 MB of RAM if you use Windows NT or Windows2000,but these operating systems will run much more smoothly if you have 256 MB of RAM or more. Third, make sure you buy good hardware. Noname products may be cheaper and sometimes just as good as named-brand products, but name-brand products usually became well-known because of famous companies because Windows will more often support the hardware that you buy ,If you are starting out with to have been tested thoroughly with your operating system, and you will generally experience fewer problems. Fourth, do prepare for disaster .No matter how well your system runs when you get it ,the day will come when it will need to be replaced .Hopefully, you will replace it because technology has become outdated, but you may need to replace it also because the hard drive crashes or you begin experiencing problems that no one can figure out .That's why it 's important to you're your important to copy your important information regularly. Whether you use a tape backup device or a CD-RW drive, it's important to make a regular backup plan and stick to it . \n Answer: Buy another new computer to match it .",
            "output": [
                "If you want to use Windows2000,but your computer only has 64MB.What will you have to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3bf41eb315744eaba8b5d4e43515337f",
            "input": "Article: I was sleeping in my room when my bed started shaking and a loud noise was heard. I woke up and my mom was screaming my name. Next moment I was running along with my younger sister, mom and dad. Before I ran out of the door, I realized my elder sister hadn't come out yet. So I screamed her name at the top of my voice. My mom said she had gone to her class. Then the four of us, along with many others, were running on the staircase. We lived on the seventh floor, so I thought we would not be able to make it and the building would fall before we managed to reach even the fourth floor. My dad's head was injured by something falling down. I did try to put my hand over his head. When we reached the sixth floor, the building split into two. We had no way to get down. The next thing I remember is silence. There were around 30 people on the staircase and none could react. Five minutes later, someone opened the door of the sixth-floor flat. We all went in. we were wondering how we would get down. From the balcony of the sixth-floor flat, I saw people standing on the ground floor. All eyes were stuck on us. I could see my elder sister crying. Our first hope of surviving came when a worker climbed a rope to where we were. That was ,the first time we thought maybe we could get down. Half an hour passed and we were still trapped. Finally RSS people arrived with ropes. They got people down one by one. My biggest worry was how my dad would get down. Finally after two and a half hours, we all got down. That day we saw the power of nature. It has taken more than two years to build the flats and it took just one and a half minutes to destroy the structure. \n Answer: The writer's experience in an earthquake",
            "output": [
                "What is this passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1c0106542b2c4c9689d614e632741ec4",
            "input": "Article: My friend had mentioned the other day that her father had a lot of children's toys he was looking to give away. She knew I have a three-year-old daughter so she thought of me first. I told her I would love it if I could get some nice things for my daughter, which I wouldn't otherwise have been able to afford. When I met her father, he began to explain he was too poor once and that he would hate to throw away things that can be very useful. Before he showed me what he was giving away, I thought the toys would be mostly lego's  or things like that. When he was showing me around I saw a bed, a slide, a kitchen set and many other things that just blew my mind. He told me to write a list of everything my daughter could use and as my eyes were wide, he told me not to feel guilty. He said I was helping him by getting rid of the stuff. As I was looking around I did feel guilty, but I tried to remain more grateful than guilty. Every time I tried to thank him for giving me and my daughter all this wonderful stuff he would thank me right back. I wanted to believe that he was just thanking me so that I wouldn't feel so guilty but in reality I believe that he was as grateful as I was that these toys would be put to good use. In the eyes of charity, it makes sense to feel grateful, but guilt is just as normal.  I know that we could have lived without a slide, which is why I do feel guilty, but I am grateful all the same because my daughter really does enjoy all these nice things! \n Answer: He needed some space for more useful things.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the old man want to give away his toys?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1873cee589884cc38b8e1856c1658796",
            "input": "Article: Every year during the graduation famous people will talk to thousands of students and their parents. But this time something strange has happened. Each of the big-name speakers seems to speak of the same topic; they are all telling graduates to make the world a better place. So there was Arianna Huffington at Smith College saying \"what I advise you to do is not just take your place at the top of the world, but to change the world.\" The actress Kerry Washington told students at George Washington University:\"The world needs your voice, every one of you.\" And then this , from Jeff Immelt, head of General Electric, at the University of Connecticut: \" Graduates should be optimistic; believe in better. The world waits for your power.\" Anyone can know what the famous speakers said is meaningless. The world has 7 billion voices to listen to already---it won't matter about one more or less. Neither is it clear why graduates should be especially optimistic, especially at the moment. The world doesn't wait for their power; only a small number of people will get the chance to lead anything. Only Barack Obama in his address  at Morehouse College avoided encouraging anyone to change the world. That is because he alone knows how hard it is to change it ---- even if you happen to be President of the United States. Not only has he failed to change the world, he can't even get people to give up guns in his own country. Instead of aiming so impossibly high, the graduates of 2014 would do better to start a bit lower. When they leave their universities it will not \"Hello world!\" but \"Hello again, Mum and Dad!\" So what Ms Huffington, Mr. Obama and Mr. Immelt ought to have said was: change the world if you must, but it would be nice if you could help out by changing the bag in the rubbish basket first. They should then have followed up with the importance of hard work. Graduates need to change their employment attitude. They need jobs. Sadly on commencement addresses  no one tells them that even a bad job is better tan none at all. \n Answer: Because he knew changing the world was not easy.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Barack Obama avoid encouraging the graduates to change the world?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a84d311dc4c4cb2aaca7020cf92371a",
            "input": "Article: The smart phones that can take self-portraits or selfies have set us free. We can now document every moment of our life and instantly share it with the world through the Internet. However, some believe that it's also causing people to take unnecessary risks that sometimes prove to be deadly! According to recent reports, the desire to take a breathtaking selfie has killed 12 people. Though that may not seem like a lot, it's 50% more than the death from shark attacks. While the issues have been known for a while, they came to a head  on September 21st, following the accidental death of Hideto Ueda at the Taj Mahal. It turns out that the 66-year-old Japanese and his companion were trying to take a selfie with the Royal Gate as the background when they fell down some stairs. While the friend escaped with a broken leg, Ueda was not as fortunate. He suffered a head injury and died soon after. Other fatal accidents include a 21-year-old Russian woman who fell off a bridge while trying to capture an exciting self-portrait. Three Indian students suffered a similar fate after they were run over by a train while taking a selfie on the railway tracks. The rising number of injuries is forcing officials to take measures. Russia has begun a nationwide awareness program to make its young citizens aware of the dangers of this safe hobby. The campaign's slogan is:\"Even a million 'likes' on social media are not worth your life and well-being.\" Though no other country has followed their lead, many are banning the selfie stick! In the last few months many museums, and theme parks including Disney, have banned its use. JR West became the first institution worldwide to ban the sticks both inside Japan's bullet trains as well as out on the railway platforms. While these measures may help reduce the incidents, the only way to stop selfie-related injuries and deaths is to take responsibility -- not just for themselves but their friends. So next time you decide to take a selfie that appears a little risky, be sure to stop and ask yourself -- is it worth it? \n Answer: Eight.",
            "output": [
                "How many people have died from shark attacks according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5dcfdcd8134540adae6aaffbbc76c4fd",
            "input": "Article: Anyone arriving in Shanghai at night from the airport for the first time is immediately attracted by the Oriental Pearl TV Tower , which stands out in the evening sky like an amazing space ship landing. Dramatic lighting effects make this unusual structure attractive. This ultra-modern tower combines ancient concepts such as the spherical  pearls, with 21st century technology, commerce, recreation, educational and conference facilities. In 1995 it began broadcasting nine television channels and 10 FM radio channels. The construction began in 1991 and was completed in 1995. This 468-meter-high (1,536 feet) tower is the tallest tower in Asia, and the third tallest tower in the world.  The viewing area offers a great view of the most recently developed Special Economic Zone of Pudong . Visitors travel up and down the tower in double-decker elevators that can hold up to fifty people at the rate of seven meters per second. At the base of the tower is Pudong Park, which was designed as a contrast to the massive commercial development of the Special Economic Zone of Pudong. There are wonderful views across the Huang-Pu River from the \"New Bund \" to the original. The tower has three observatory levels. The highest one (Space Module) is at 350m. The lower ones are at 263m (Sightseeing Floor) and at 90m (Space City). There is a revolving  restaurant at the 267m level. The project also contains exhibition facilities, restaurants and a shopping mall. There is also a 20-room hotel called the Space Hotel between the two big balls. \n Answer: The Oriental Pearl TV Tower-the Landmark of Shanghai",
            "output": [
                "Which one is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-17bc028bc0f6430587dfe7e715883f71",
            "input": "Article: Getting into university is hard enough at the best of times--but when your chosen institution is a work of fiction you're really up against. And that's why this young joker's Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) application to Hogwarts University was unsuccessful. But the admissions services' response to the young man is still funny. The unnamed A-Level student wrote a handwritten note to UCAS asking for a place studying ' _ ' at the Harry Potter school. In the application, he was proud of his skills in \"wearing a pointy hat\" and \"Watching Paul Daniels TV Specials\". UCAS replied, \"We regret to inform you that your application to the stated university cannot be processed at this time for the fact that it does not exist. \"After consultation with our mystic   advisors we have also determined that even if it did exist, the course 'Wandology' would be highly in demand and thus require at least two As and a B in any of the following subjects: Advanced Spellcrafting Mystimatics Defence Against the Dark Arts History of the Mysticism Shaft Design \"Your handwritten grade sheet claiming top marks in 'Waving a stick about', 'Wearing a pointy hat' and 'Watching Paul Daniels TV Specials' sadly is not suitable for admission, however, by applying through clearing you may be suitable for a selection of Liberal Arts courses.\" \"Or, you may wish to resubmit next year by tying your letter to an owl   and hoping for the best. \"On behalf of UCAS I wish you every success.\" \n Answer: In the end the young student succeeded in applying for Hogwarts University.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred in the UCAS's reply?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eba1e6acf19a4b8ba76749775ba65a7d",
            "input": "Article: WHAT sets Spain apart from the rest of Europe? It might be \"siestas\", the three-hour lunch break that is customary   in the country.     The Spanish start work at 8 or 9 am, but in the early afternoon they usually take a three-hour break. After lunch, people can be seen napping in cars or on benches. During hot summer afternoons, Spanish village streets are often totally deserted .     When they return to their offices at 4 pm, Spanish workers often have to make up for the lost time by working until 8 or 9 pm. So, while most other Europeans are sound asleep, Spaniards are still having dinner or watching television.     \"Everything in Spain happens later, from meal times to broadcast entertainment,\" described AP.     \"This work schedule is a Spanish cultural vice,\" said Nuria Chinchilla, head of the International Center on Work and Family at the University of Navarra in Barcelona. \"Changing to the European schedule should be the most urgent   project for the government.\"     Many Spanish people complain about their never-ending workdays, and some even think the issue has affected the country's development.     \"In Spain we sleep almost an hour less than the World Health Organization recommends,\" lawmakers in the Spanish parliament wrote in a proposal. \"This has a negative effect on productivity, stress, accidents and school dropout rates.\"     That's why, last September, they recommended that  Under the proposed newuthe government turn back the clocks by one hour. schedule, the lunchtime break would be cut to an hour or less. And a regular eight-hour workday would be introduced.     However, some doubt that changing the time zone would reverse low productivity, which comes more from the country's service-oriented economy  , according to Maria Angeles Durant, a sociologist with the Spanish National Research Council.     But Ignacio Buqueras, the president of the Association for the Rationalization of Spanish Working Hours, told The New York Times that \"changing the Spanish schedule would allow families more free time together and boost Spain's economy.\"     The Spanish government is treating the campaign seriously, but it hasn't taken any action yet, reported The New York Times.     Spain's siesta is not actually a product of its relaxed Mediterranean   culture. At the start of the 20th century, Spain had the same working hours as many parts of Europe. It was during World War II that the country moved the clocks forward to align   them with those of Nazi Germany.     The same thing happened in Portugal. After the defeat of Hitler, Portugal returned to Greenwich Mean Time, but Spain did not. \n Answer: Spain hopes to boost its economy by changing its work schedule.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87cc998ef0554ef4a680013ca95a170d",
            "input": "Article: Travelling around the world with children is difficult enough, but attempting it without using motorized transport is even more of challenge. But Dario Schworer, a 42-year-old climatologist and mountain guide, and his 33-year-old wife Sabine are on a journey to do just that. The Swiss couple want to travel across the world's oceans and climb the highest mountain on every continent to promote Earth-friendly ways of life. \"We are collecting good examples of dealing with climate change and living in harmony with nature and we want to spread such ideas,\" Schworer said. \"We want to help people affected by global warming and to inspire children for the future.\" Recently after having spent three months teaching children in the Everest region, the couple want to show it is possible to travel through as the world's climate zones using just human-power and forces of nature. In the 47 countries they have visited so far they have collected 22 tons of trash, taught people in Ecuador how the sun's rays can be used to clean water and inspired a person in Chile to build a house on water with recycled plastic bottles as a foundation. They have also collected trash in the mountains of Nepal with school children. So far they have communicated with 45,000 children from South America, Australia and Asia, giving presentations about the importance of recycling and using alternative energy like solar and wind power. \"We need to motivate children,\" said Sabine. When they began their adventure in 2003 they had no children of their own. But since then two has become five: daughter Sabine is now five years old, Andri was born in Chile and baby Noe was born in Australia.  _ the couple thought they would complete their travels in four years, but now, seven years later, they believe it could take seven more. \"Since our belief is the need to respect nature, we travel only when conditions are good,\" Schworer said. \n Answer: To promote Earth-friendly ways of life.",
            "output": [
                "Why do the Swiss couple travel around the world?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9e38cf1e31f84eb0927121cb8d069e5a",
            "input": "Article: Farmers can produce more by planting several different crops in the same field.But their success depends on which crops they plant together and how they mix   them in the filed.In the past, the only way the farmers could learn which crops grow best together is to plant them and wait for the results.Now, however, a computer can give them answers.A new computer program written by Dr John Vanderwell of Michigan University can tell a farmer which plants grow well together and which do not.It can tell him how to plant the different crops; if he should plant each in a separate row, or mix the crops in the same row.It can tell the farmer how changes in planting each of the crops will affect the production of all of them.And it can tell him which plants can help reduce losses   from diseases. \n Answer: Computer helps produce more crops.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best gives the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f914ac892887400da88cb69686a0da54",
            "input": "Article: The Universal Autograph   Collectors Club(UACC) has been serving the collector for over 25 years. Founded in 1965, the UACC began as a small group of Long Island. New York autograph collectors and has grown to be the largest collector's organization of its kind. The UACC by its purpose is primarily an educational fellowship  where knowledge and resources are shared with not only the membership, but also the public at large. By joining the UACC, you will be introduced to the fastest growing hobby in the world today. Autographs have been called \"frozen moment in time\" by some people. Probably the most personal thing that one person can give is his or her signature. In 1843, former President James Madison sent an autograph for a collection which the Princess Victoria was making. The future British Queen was only 15 years old at the time. Financier J.P. Morgan, Sr. began collecting when he was 16, and his son continued adding to the father's collection. As the daughter of the Mayor of Boston, Rose Fitzgerald collected autographs, as did her son, John F. Kennedy. Franklin Roosevelt, Malcolm Forbes and Glenn Ford are a few more well-known autograph collectors. By collecting autographs, you become a curator  of history. Here are some of the best reasons to join the UACC. The UACC publishes The Pen and Quill, the highly regarded 64-page bimonthly journal with articles and news in all fields of autograph collecting. UACC members may place free ads in The Pen and Quill to express their wants or just _ with other members. Writing for autographs to famous living people can also be interesting. The more interesting the letter, the better chance for an interesting reply. The UACC also offers its members the opportunity to buy uncommon autographic materials at low prices. Meanwhile, it publishes low-cost reference works for its members. Once you join the UACC, you will be added to our mailing list and will receive catalogs  of autographs for sale by dealer members. The UACC has nearly 200 of the world's most professional dealers as members. Each member provides contact information on our website, including mailing address, telephone numbers, e-mail-addresses, website address, etc. We always try to promote our dealer program and encourage collectors to always buy from these dealers. \n Answer: It offers Internet service to make extra profits.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about the service offered by the UACC is NOT right?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-efd6fe22cfae46e895d05b67eaa97b24",
            "input": "Article: Dropout rates are rising, and what are parents and teachers doing? Though some may deeply regret these students dropping out, our schools continue to lack plans to teach motivation. Parents and teachers don't stress the fact that staying in school will help students succeed in life.      A recent study by the Department of Education found that 31 percent of American students are dropping out or failing to graduate in the nation's 100 largest school districts. From what I can see, many parents are letting their children drop out, which shows that some students do not have enough support or encouragement to continue.      It is reported that about 2,500 students drop out of high schools every day. Writer Ruth Wells says, \"Schools expect youth and children to act as though school is important, but they never teach them to believe that. \" That is why many students do not feel motivated to stay in school. Since some families are not helping their children become more involved in school, it's up to teachers, counselors  , and youth professionals to provide this training.      Researchers say they were surprised to find that a majority of 456 dropouts interviewed were not what most people would consider underachieving troublemakers. One third of the students said they were failing in school, but more than six out of ten were keeping C averages or better when they quit. Almost half said they were bored or that the classwork seemed unrelated. Another dropout said, \"There wasn't any learning going on; they make you take classes you're never going to use in life. \" Three out of four said if they could turn the clock back they would choose to stay in school, and eight out of ten said they now recognize that a high school diploma is important to succeeding in life-a lesson learned too late.      Teachers need to convince students why they should stay in school. One is to have students name jobs that they can \" always\"  do without a diploma.  This will quickly highlight that jobs with the best pay and benefits require a diploma. There may be students who are happy they dropped out, but it is better to get an education and make the best of life. \n Answer: They can do as well in society with no diplomas.",
            "output": [
                "What causes students to drop out of high school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af2f28b042c64d1eace91c49af532e84",
            "input": "Article: Nicole Delian, 17, suffers from a condition that makes her sleep up to 19 hours a day and as  much as 64 days in a row. Nicole Delian is tired of sleeping. This 17-year-old teenager from North Fayette, Pa., has a rare condition called Kleine-Levin  Syndrome -- or \"Sleeping Beauty Syndrome\" -- that makes her sleep 18 to 19 hours a day. And when she does wake up, she is often so tired out that she is in a sleepwalking state and  doesn't remember doing basic things like eating, according to KDKA-TV. Nicole's sleepwalking state has been so severe that she once slept through the holidays, awaking one day in January when she finally opened Christmas gifts alongside her family,  according to ChartiersValley.Patch.com.   . \"She's never really adjusted to it,\" her mother, Vicki Delien told the website. \"She's 17 now  and it really upsets her. She's missed out on a lot.\" Delien told talk show host Jeff Probst that the teen has at times slept 32 to 64 days in a row,  waking only in sleepwalking mode to eat. Kleine-Levin Syndrome is incredibly rare, only affecting about l,000 people worldwide, and very hard to diagnose. In Nicole's' case, it took 25 months for doctors to diagnose her, according to ChartiersValley.Patch.com, and everything from a virus, to epilepsy  to West Nile was mentioned, including, unfortunately, the possibility she was faking it for attention.. When a typical episode of Sleeping Beauty Syndrome begins, the patient becomes progressively drowsy  and sleeps for most of the day and night, waking only to eat or go to the bathroom, according to the Klein-Levin Syndrome Foundation website. \"When awake, the patient's whole behavior is changed, often appearing \"stupid\" or childlike. When awake he experiences confusion, complete lack of energy, and lack of emotions.\" Patients also report that everything seems out of focus, and that they are hypersensitive to noise and light. Some patients also have intense food cravings . The Delians did not say whether Nicole has experienced these symptoms. There is no known cure, but Nicole's family is using a combination of epilepsy and narcolepsy medication to minimize the incidents to just two a year. \n Answer: Being forgetful.",
            "output": [
                "What's the reflection of Nicole's sleepwalking state?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b3b2465940f149dbb3574897684fa426",
            "input": "Article: In 1933 an unknown American called Clarence Nash went to see the filmmaker Walt Disney. He had an unusual voice and he wanted to work in Disney's cartoon film for children. When Walt Disney heard Nash's voice, he said \"Stop! That's our duck!\" The duck was the now-famous Donald Duck, who first appeared in 1934 in the film The Wise Little Hen. Donald lived in an old houseboat  and wore his sailor jacket and hat. Later that year he became a star after an eight-minute Mickey Mouse film. The cinema audience liked him because he was lazy and greedy, and because he lost his temper very quickly. And they loved his voice when he became angry with Mickey's eight nephews. Soon Donald was more popular than Mickey Mouse himself, probably because he wasn't a _ like Mickey. In the 1930s, 40s and 50s Donald and his friends Mickey, Goofy and Pluto made hundreds of Disney cartoons. He also made educational films about the place of the USA in the world, and safety in the home. Then in 1966 Donald Duck and his voice disappeared---there were no more new cartoons. Clarence Nash died in February, 1985. But today's children can still see the old cartoons on television and hear that famous voice. \n Answer: Pluto",
            "output": [
                "Who made Donald Duck film?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2185ead759654904abce72f2bced25be",
            "input": "Article: D  Before I studied psychology, I used to think that people would laugh when funny things occurred.While I was right about that, I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke.When someone laughs at a joke, there will usually be more than one reason that makes him laugh--and the more reasons there are, the more powerful the joke will be. I was attending a stand-up comedy show in Egypt, and when the man started to make fun of pedestrians crossing streets, everyone laughed their hearts out.The main reason those people strongly laughed was that almost all of them felt angry towards pedestrians who crossed streets carelessly.The joke wasn't only funny, it also made the audience feel that they were right about being angry at those pedestrians.That is, people were laughing both because of the funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got. The better a joke makes a person feel, and the more it includes other psychological factors, the more the person will like it.For example, if you envy one of your friends, and someone tells a joke that is funny and, at the same time, makes your friend seem stupid, then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you weren't jealous of him. In short, we don't laugh only when we hear something funny; we also laugh when we experience some kind of happiness that results from the other psychological factors involved in the joke.I strongly discourage making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh.All I want to explain is that if your joke supports a person's emotions, he will certainly like it a lot. \n Answer: Many factors lead to people laughing.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author find out after studying psychology?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9ccc84499bbb45ae95b6b27b80764cde",
            "input": "Article: Doctor Manette had suddenly disappeared. Everything was done to discover some trace of him, but in vain. The loss of her husband caused his wife such pain that she decided to bring up her little daughter, Lucie, in ignorance of her father's fate, and when in two years she died she left little Lucie under the guardianship of Mr. Lorry. After eighteen years, strange news concerning the doctor had just come from Paris. Mr. Lorry, told Lucie, \"your father has been found. He is alive, greatly changed, but alive. He has been taken to the house of a former servant in Paris, and we are going there.\" On arrival, the banker and Lucie were taken to an attic, where a haggard , white-haired man sat on a low bench, making shoes. He was sheltered by a man by the name of Defarge who, with his wife, kept a wine-shop in the district of St. Antoine. Charles Darnay was of noble birth; but his ancestors had for many years so cruelly oppressed  the French peasants that the name of Evremonde was hated and looked down upon. Unlike them in character, this last descendant  of his race had given up his name and wealth and had come to England as a private gentleman, eager to begin a new life. Sydney Carton was a young English lawyer. _ soon became frequent visitors at the small house in Soho Square, the home of Doctor Manette and his daughter. Through Lucie's care and devotion, the doctor had almost completely recovered from the effects of his long imprisonment, and it was only in times of strong excitement that any trace of his past foolish behaviors could be discovered. The sweet face of Lucie Manette soon won the hearts of both the young men, but it was Darnay to whom she gave her love. They married. The French Revolution had actually begun and in 1792 Mr. Lorry and Charles Darnay landed in Paris, the former to protect the French branch of Tellson & Co. and the latter to help an old family servant -Gabelle-who had begged his help. Not until they had set foot in Paris did they realize what a caldron of fury   they had been involved in. Mr. Lorry, on account of his business relations, was allowed his freedom, but Darnay was hurried at once to the prison of La Force, there to wait for his trial. The reason given for this outrage  was the new law for the arrest of all returning French emigrants , but the true cause was that he had been recognized as Charles Evremonde. Doctor Manette, going to France with Lucie, gained a promise that Darnay's life should be spared. At last came the terrible year of the Reign of Terror. The sympathy which at first had been given to Doctor Manette had become weakened through the influence of Mrs. Defarge. Also, there had been found in the ruins of the Bastille a paper which contained Doctor Manette's account of his imprisonment, and pronouncing a curse upon the House of Evremonde and their descendants, who were responsible for his eighteen years of misery. Charles Darnay's fate was sealed. \"Death within twenty-four hours.\" To Sydney Carton, who had followed his friends to Paris, came an inspiration. He once promised Lucie that he would die to save a life she loved. He managed to gain admission to the prison; Darnay was removed unconscious from the cell, and Carton sat down to wait for his fate. Along the Paris streets six tumbrels were carrying the day's wine to La Guillotine. In the third car sat a young man with his hands tied. As the cries from the street arose against him, they only move him to a quiet smile as he shook more loosely his hair about his face. Crash! A head is held up. The third cart came up, and the supposed Evremonde came down. His lips move, forming the words, \"a life you love.\" \n Answer: 9",
            "output": [
                "How many characters are mentioned in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7d50ac577792478ba38927d19674b0e2",
            "input": "Article: As one approaches some crossroads, one comes to a sign which says that drivers have to stop when they come to the main road ahead. At other crossroads, drivers have to go slow, but they do not actually have to stop (unless, of course, there is something coming along the main road); and at still others, they do not have either to stop or to go slow, because they are themselves on the main road. Mr. Williams, who was always a very careful driver, was driving home from work one evening when he came to a crossroads. It had a \"Slow\" sign, so he slowed down when he came to the main road, looked both ways to see that nothing was coming, and then drove across without stopping completely. At once he heard a police whistle, so he pulled in to the side of the road and stopped. A policeman walked over to him with a notebook and pencil in his hand and said, \"You didn't stop at the crossing.\" \"But the sign there doesn't say \"Stop\",\" answered Mr. Williams. \"It just says \"Slow\", and I did go slow.\"  The policeman looked around him, and a look of surprise came over his face. Then he put his notebook and pencil away, scratched his head and said, \"Well, I'll be scolded. I am in the wrong street!\" \n Answer: At some crossroads, drivers needn't stop or go slow.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is correct?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51118243d68649d0a6daeee2a3cb68a8",
            "input": "Article: Ellen and prefix = st1 /BillCountyare both teachers. They met in college and became good friends because of their shared love for children. Two years after the couple got married; Ellen saw a huge change in the life of one of her students, a 9-year-old girl. Three years earlier both of the little girl's parents had died and there was no one to take care of her. She was taken away to live in a government office. But finally she was taken in and adopted by a family and became their daughter. Ellen said that she noticed the difference in the child's life after she was placed in a permanent  home and thought that maybe she and her husband could help a child in a similar way. They decided to become temporary parents and to take a child into their home on the weekends when the real parents could not take care of him or her. The pair planned to have their own children in a few years, but decided that this would be a way to give to the community in the meantime. The couple quickly grew to love one of the children they looked after. When he became legally available, Billy became the first child they took in permanently. Six months after adopting Billy, Ellen was told by her doctor that she was unable to have children naturally.  Ellen says she knew then that adoption was the way she was meant to have a family. Since adopting Billy, now 17, Ellen and Bill have adopted five more children --Rose, 16; Albert, 11; Joshua, 5 and in June 2003, they added biological brother and sister Tyler and Rylee to the County family.  The County family has been recognized for their work on adoption, and has received many awards for their efforts. Last June, the family was even interviewed on the television show, \"Adoption Stories\". Ellen says she would like to encourage other families to adopt children. She adds that the best part of being a mother of six is: \"Giving Josh a bath, putting a braid-aid on a cut knee or just the everyday Mom things, which makes motherhood such an honor and a privilege.\" \n Answer: How adoption created a happy family.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cc53e821560842e585e90c9030a955cf",
            "input": "Article: Members of the public can visit the White House now. Requests   must be made through one's Member of Congress  . These self-guided tours are allowed from 7:30 am to 11:00 am Tuesday through Thursday, 7:30 am to 1:00 pm Saturdays (except for holidays). Requests can be made up to six months in advance and no less than 21 days in advance. All White House tours are free. If you wish to visit the White House and are a citizen of a foreign country, please call your embassy   for help in making a tour request. All visitors 18 years of age or older will be asked to present a valid   photo ID. All foreign visitors must present their passport. All other forms of foreign identification will not be accepted.  All visitors should call the 24-hour Visitors Office information line at 202-456-7041 to decide if any last minute changes have been made in the tour schedule  . ks5u   Forbidden Items *Cameras or video recorders *Handbags, book bags, backpacks or purses *Food, drinks, or cigarettes *Any pointed objects *Guns, or knives of any size The U.S. Secret Service has the right to forbid any other personal items. Umbrellas, car keys, and cell phones (including those with cameras) are permitted. However, guests will not be allowed to use cell phones inside the White House. Restrooms/ Public telephones The nearest restrooms and public telephones to the White House are in the Ellipse Visitor Pavilion (the park area south of the White House). Restrooms or public telephones are not available at the White House. The Disabled Please contact your Member of Congress if you cannot hear or see clearly and need help during your White House tour. Guide animals are allowed in the White House. \n Answer: At 10:00 am on Wednesday.",
            "output": [
                "When can people visit the White House?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-22eacdb481694854ad54d84a8833a47a",
            "input": "Article: The average British 22 year-old has more than 1,000 online friends on sites like Facebook, compared to those in their fifties who have fewer than 20, according to a new study. The \"Facebookgeneration gap\" has been highlighted in a new piece of research which shows that the average 22 year-old claims to have 1,000 or more friends on sites like Facebook. People in their twenties have more than 50 times as many digital friends as those who are over 50 years old, despite the popularity of sites like Facebook with the older generations, says a study conducted by consumer research group Intersperience. The news comes during the same week Facebook's second-in command, Sheryl Sandberg, is visiting the UK to deliver a speech at the London School of Economics. Facebook's chief operating officer is going to speak about how the social web has transformed people's friendships and relationships. The survey found that there was a clear link between people's age and the number of online friends they have.The researchers found that those aged 13 to 16, have an average of 450 friends on social networks, with girls having slightly more friends that boys.People in their thirties tend to have between 100 and 200 friends, while those in their forties have between 50 and 100. However, those using sites such as Facebook over the age of 50, tended to have 20 or less friends.The oldest person surveyed was 70 years old. Paul Hudson, Intersperience's chief executive, said: \"Our research underlines fundamental  changes taking place in British society as a result of finally entering the digital age.Half of the UK population are on Facebook now.In a social media context, a 'friend' means something different to a 20 year old than to a 50 year old.\" He added: \"Social networking activity is just one example of how different groups are adapting to the digital age at different paces.In this case, age is the determining factor - however in other instances it is not.\" \n Answer: Age",
            "output": [
                "Which is the determining factor in social networking activity?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d83045cbcff4466cbb0a2159a1e0428d",
            "input": "Article: Friends play a very important part in everyone's life. Friendship usually develops during childhood. New friends are made when you progress through school. Those friends that you make as a student can usually last long. Friends influence   your development, maturity   and sense of responsibility. A familiar expression is \"You can tell a lot about a person by knowing who his friends are.\" Friendship is based on common interests. If you like sports, most of your friends are likely to be athletic  . If you enjoy reading and shopping, most of your friends do the same. Some people call you their friends for the wrong reasons. These people are not really friends. They are superficial  only \"friends\" on the outside, not the inside where it counts. Superficial friends only want to be your friends if it is to their advantage. True friends are there if you are rich or poor. It is easy to have many _ if you are rich. By this time you should be able to separate your friends into the real or the \"phoney\". True friends are most special. They are also difficult to find. You can consider yourself very lucky if you have one true friend. This friend is eager to help you whenever necessary. He or she knows you would do the same for them. A true friend is someone you can talk to about any subject or problem. You and your true friend have good understanding of each other. True friends support you, take your side, and build up your confidence. \n Answer: The friendship developing during your school days will be with you for a long time.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e068b3eb10174f40b66a3ecb936d89e5",
            "input": "Article: Visitors can find a small, old house called the O. Henry Museum in central Austin, Texas. William Sydney Porter(1862-1910)----better known as O. Henry, was one of America's best loved writers of short stories. Beginning in 1893, he lived here. It was saved from destruction, moved, and turned into a museum in 1934. The museum is a good way to learn about the interesting life of him. William Porter rented this house and lived with his wife and daughter for about two years. Many objects in the museum belonged to the Porters. Others did not, but are in the house to recreate the way it looked during their lifetime. Porter worked at a pharmacy, farm, land office and bank. He also loved words and writing. The museum has special proof of Porter's love of language---his dictionary. It's said that he read every word in it. Porter started a small publication called \"The Rolling Stone\". He wasn't being published early on, so he published himself. His funny stories, poems, and drawings were published in the magazine. But it was too costly to continue for long, so he closed the project after about one year. Other troubles would lead the Porters to leave Austin. Porter was accused of financial wrongdoing at the bank and lost his job. Fearing a trial, he fled the country. But he returned because his wife was dying. After her death, he faced trial and was found guilty. He served three and a half years in a federal prison in Ohio. Porter would keep his time in prison a secret. But there was one good thing about it. It provided him with time to write. By the time of his release, he had published 14 stories and was becoming well-known as O. Henry. Porter would later move to New York City and find great success there. He published over 380 stories in the last eight years of his life. \n Answer: O. Henry didn't start his career as a successful writer when living in central Austin.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f5f0307325b44fb6be2850c8d5633bc7",
            "input": "Article: Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods? One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid accumulation in your body. Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked and refined foods. When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances, the result is obesity. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive tract, where it becomes increasingly acidic  . To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs. Processed foods contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we've had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat . Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body's cells. The body's metabolism  becomes inactive, and then result is weight gain and obesity. The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common. To stop this vicious  circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize (...)the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. it's also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself , you need to take an active approach.. \n Answer: To advocate eating more raw and whole foods",
            "output": [
                ". What is the main purpose of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e303e4322cbd49b98848c52dca07a8ee",
            "input": "Article: As kids spend more time online chatting with friends or researching homework, parents are questioning how the Internet is affecting children's lives, a recent study shows. From 2006 to 2007, the number of parents who think the Internet beneficial to their children declined, according to the study by the Pew Internet & American Life Project. But parents don' t see it as a bad influence, either. Amanda Lenhart, a senior researcher said, \"Technology is not so magic as to make your child get straight A and improve all aspects of your life. As you grow to know it, you realize its power and disadvantages.\" But as with the emergence of television in American homes in the 1950s and 1960s, the Internet continues to cause strong reactions from parents. \"There's too much garbage online for kids,\" said Patrick Thomas as he picked up his 15-year-old son from school. \"It's like a kid walking down the street. He's got to watch out. He never knows who he might come across.\" Thomas used to have Internet service at home but got rid of it a year ago because he was worried about viruses infecting his computer and strangers taking advantage of his son Zachary. He has purchased a series of educational software to help him with his schoolwork. \"It was a great place to explore, and the information you gathered was great,\" Zachary said. \"Now it's dangerous.\" But Zachary Thomas still sees benefits from going online and says he can do it at the library or at school. \"It can be a good thing for kids,\" Zachary said. But he wasn't upset when his father pulled the plug  . Zachary's attitude to the Internet is in line with the study's findings, confirming that teens, who have never known a world without online access, generally have a more positive view of the Internet than their parents. More parents are getting online themselves, making them know about their children's online activities, Lenhart said. But that doesn't mean they understand everything. It also doesn't mean they needn't monitor the websites their children visit or set limits on the amount of time they spend online.  \"I'm still trying to figure out the role of it,\" said John Horgan, whose daughters are 11, 12 and 15. \"If their grades were to go down, that would be it.\" The majority of parents surveyed by the Pew Internet & American Life Project said the Internet is a positive influence in their children's lives. \n Answer: The educational software had replaced the Internet.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Thomas quit the Internet service at home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11c40152336c47a68f945d834396bdb9",
            "input": "Article: Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic  of sleepiness in the nation.\"I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,\" says Dr.David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest. The beginning of our sleep-deficit(lack)crises can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night.\"The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.\" By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock.\"People cheat in their sleep, and they don't even realize they're doing it,\" says Dr.David.\"They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally energetic. \" Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researches say, is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programs.\"In our society, you're considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.\" To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier.\"We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers,\" says Dr.David.\"Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.\" \n Answer: The minimum of our sleeping hours.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main topic of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5b75d030998045eba86d986f8d17711d",
            "input": "Article: Imagine this: You're working on a school paper on your laptop. Your screen is full of open programs, including documents, Web pages and MSN chat. Suddenly, a friend sends you a link to a video and demands that you watch it. He says it's about cats, it's funny and you're going to love it. But you can't help thinking, \"I don't have time for this right now.\" You start to feel even more stressed out than you already did about your paper. While you don't want to disappoint your friend, you need to keep working. This is a common dilemma in an age of multitasking. I often find that my focus is so easily distracted that when I need to work I become quite annoyed in response to these types of links. At the same time, when they're from good friends, I can't just ignore them. Usually, I say something like \"Cool, I'll look at it later.\" But this often disappoints the other person, _ Other times, I'll just say \"OK\", wait a while and then send a second message saying \"That was great!\" While this approach is simpler that ignoring the other person, it seems ridiculous to life to avoid making a social faux pas . The problem is that new technologies offer a good many new possibilities, both positive and negative. On the one hand, the Internet connects you to millions of people whom you can make friends with and learn from. On the other hand, it offers just as many ways to waste time. When you're signed on to MSN chat, the other person can't see that you have three papers to finish before the end of the week---so you better believe they're going to send you a video of monkeys dancing to music. Online chat is convenient, but the advantage of face-to-face communication is that you can see exactly what other people are doing. If they are really good friends, you should feel blessed to give them your full attention without worrying about what's going on in that other window or program. \n Answer: Because he cannot concentrate on his work.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author feel annoyed when he receives a link to a video from a friend of his?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8096a68eb4cd4c2b9db2bab9dcc937cd",
            "input": "Article: China supports international efforts to secure cyberspace but believes each nation's \"Internet sovereignty \" must be respected, a top Chinese official said at a cyber security conference on Tuesday. \"China, like many other countries, is very concerned about cyber security,\" said Liu Zhengrong, deputy director general of the Internet Affairs Bureau of the State Council Information Office. \"China faces severe cyber security threats,\" Liu told participants here at the Worldwide Cyber Security Summit, a gathering of government and business leaders from 40 countries hosted by the EastWest Institute think tank. \"International cooperation is much needed to safeguard international cyberspace,\" Liu said. But \"Internet sovereignty of each country needs to be respected,\" the Chinese official added. \"Different national and cultural conditions\" should be taken into account. Liu declined to answer repeated questions about cyber attacks last year on Google which the Internet giant said originated in China and led to the California company's decision to reroute its searches through Hong Kong. \"The Chinese government firmly opposes cyber attacks in any form and Chinese law clearly states that any hackers will be held responsible for their actions,\" he said. Liu said China itself is a \"a major victim of cyber attacks and network viruses\" and has laws in place to deal with hackers. \"Internet-related crimes (in China) are showing a steady upward trend,\" Liu said. \"We suffer big economic losses from hacking networks and viruses - around $1 billion dollars (6.8 billion yuan) a year.\" In 2009, Chinese law enforcement authorities investigated about 48,000 cases, a 37 percent increase over 2008, he said. While China has a dynamic Internet population of more than 400 million users and millions of bloggers, there is no \"absolute freedom\" on the Web, Liu said. \"I don't think there is absolute freedom in this world,\" he said. \"When you are speaking via the Internet you must obey laws and respect others' lawful rights.\" Last Thursday, Wang Chen, minister of the State Council Information Office, said China has been actively promoting a real-name registration system for Internet and cell phone users to better manage Internet information and services. China needs laws that will step up monitoring for \"harmful information\" and block \"overseas hostile forces from infiltrating through the Internet,\" Wang said. Last week, China tightened its State Secrets law, holding Internet and mobile phone operators responsible for customers who try to leak State secrets. Some 400 government officials, business leaders and cyber security experts are attending the summit, which features three days of discussions on ways to protect the world's digital infrastructure from electronic threats.(427) \n Answer: To protect digital infrastructure in the world.",
            "output": [
                "What was the top issue of Worldwide Cyber Security Summit?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3fee07dd4b1e48ad8e89077edb414e8a",
            "input": "Article: When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers. I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children. Being charmed with the sound of a whistle that I had seen by the way, in the hands of another boy, I handed over all my money for one. I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but disturbing all the family. My brothers and sisters and cousins, when I told of the bargain I had made, said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. They put me in mind of what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my folly that I cried with vexation . Thinking about the matter gave me more chargrin than the whistle gave me pleasure. This, however, was afterwards of use to me, for the impression continued on my mind, so that often, when I was tempted to buy something I did not need, I said to myself, \"Don't give too much for the whistle, \" and I saved my money. As I grew up, came into the world, and observed the actions of men, I thought I met with many, very many, who \"gave too much for the whistle.\" When I saw some men too eager for court favor, wasting his time at court gatherings, giving up his rest, his liberty, his virtue, and perhaps his friends, for royal favor, I said to myself---\"This man gives too much for the whistle.\" When I saw another fond of popularity, constantly taking part in political affairs, neglecting his own business, and ruining it by neglect, \"He says, indeed,\" said I, \"too dear for his whistle.\" If I knew a miser  who gave up every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasure of doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship, for the sake of gathering and keeping wealth--- \"Poor man,\" said I, \" you pay too dear for your whistle.\" When I met a man of pleasure, who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but merely devoted himself to having a good time, perhaps neglecting his health, \" Mistaken man, you are providing pain for yourself, instead of pleasure; you are paying too dear for your whistle.\" If I saw someone fond of appearance who has fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine earrings, all above his fortune, and for which he had run into debt, and ends his career in a prison. \"Alas,\" said I, \"he has paid dear, very dear, for his whistle.\" In short the miseries of mankind are largely due to their puffing a false value on things --- to giving \"too much for their whistle.\" \n Answer: He got it from his brothers, sisters and cousins.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author get the whistle?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87c7b767bbd24a8cbf69310f154440bc",
            "input": "Article: \"Don't worry if you have problems!\" It is easy to say until you are in the midst of a really big one.The only people who don't have troubles are gathered in little neighborhoods.Most communities have at least one.We call them cemeteries.If you're breathing, you have difficulties.It's the way of life.And believe it or not, most of your problems may actually be good for you! Let me explain. Maybe you have heard the Great Barrier Reef, stretching some 1,800 miles from New Guinea to Australia.Tour guides regularly take visitors to view the reef. On one tour, a traveler asked the guide an interesting question.\"I notice that the lagoon  side of the reef looks pale and lifeless, while the ocean side is vibrant and colorful,\" the traveler observed.Why is this? The guide gave an interesting answer, \"The coral around the lagoon side is in still water, with no challenge for its survival.It dies early.The coral on the ocean side is constantly being tested by wind, waves and storms.It has to fight for its survival every day.As it is challenged and tested, it changes and adapts.It grows healthy.It grows strong.And it reproduces.\" Then he added, \"That's the way it is with every living organism.\" That's how it is with people.Challenged and tested, we come alive! Like coral pounded by the sea, we grow.Physical demands can cause us to grow stronger.Mental and emotional stress can produce tough-mindedness and resiliency.Spiritual testing can produce strength of character and faithfulness.So, you have problems? No problem! Just tell yourself, \"There I grow again!\" Remember: A smooth sea never made a skilled mariner. \n Answer: The persons who are living in the cemeteries.",
            "output": [
                "Who has no problems according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1fceb79a8f784bc9a7a1b13f5f5e5df7",
            "input": "Article: There is a growing problem of what to do with electronic waste such as old televisions, computers, radios, cellular telephones and other electronic equipment. Electronic trash, or e-waste, is piling up faster than ever in American homes and businesses. People do not know what to do with old televisions or computers, so they throw them in the trash. National Solid Wastes Management Association (NSWMA) state programs director Chaz Miller says the large amount of electronic waste Americans produce is not unexpected. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates more than 400 million consumer electronic items are dumped each year, and there is a push by more states to ban the waste from landfills  and create recycling programs. They can be torn apart and sorted for useable parts. Mike Fannon who runs the plant in Baltimore, says, \"There are a lot of valuable metals that can be recovered and reused instead of just putting them in the landfill, and in certain components, there are some materials that should not really be in the landfill,\" Fannon explains. Fannon says nearly 20 percent of electronic waste is recycled nationwide. Thirteen years ago, it was only about 6 percent. Recycling rates continue to rise as more communities have banned electronics from landfills in an effort to keep e-waste poisons like lead  and mercury  out of garbage dumps. This year, several states like Vermont imposed a ban on electronic waste in landfills. More than 25 other states have also adopted landfill bans, e-waste recycling programs or both. Chaz Miller says more can be done to boost electronic waste recycling. \"We can do much better,\" noted Miller. \"I think clearly our goal should be to do as well as we do recycling newspapers.\" \n Answer: Old newspapers.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following does NOT belong to e-waste?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-faa8fd66355145fa9faf3555012834cb",
            "input": "Article: On July 1 at exactly 7:59:59, Bejing time, the world' s atomic clocks will pause for a single second, or, more precisely, change to the unusual time of 7:59:60. The addition of a leap second   , is to keep our clocks in time with the slowing of Earth' s rotation   and astronomical time as measured by the sun. Just one extra second could affect the way computers and websites work, however. When the last leap second was added back in 2012, the community website Reddit crashed. For Reddit, the problem was that a Linux system got confused when it checked the network time and found an extra second. Speaking to Wired about the problem back in 2012, Linux creator Linus Torvalds commented:\"Almost every time we have a leap second, we find something. It' s really annoying, because it' s code that is almost never used, and thus not tested by users under their normal conditions. \" Companies have thought of their own solutions, and Google' s\"leap smear\"may be the best- known example. As company engineer Christopher Pascoe explains in a blog post, companies usually try to turn back the clocks by one second at the end of the day so that they play that second again. However, Pascoe believes this creates problems. He asked:\"Does email that comes in during that second get stored correctly?\"Google has a solution: Cut the extra second into milliseconds and then put these tiny amounts of time into the system throughout the day.\"This means that when it became time to add an extra second at midnight.\"Says Pascoe.\"Our clocks have already taken this into account over the course of the day.\" For many companies without Google' s money, however, the leap second will likely still cause some crashes. \n Answer: To record the changes to astronomical time.",
            "output": [
                "Why do we need to add a leap second?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76620dc2efaf43d9af739e237f82dffc",
            "input": "Article: He may not have an \"S\" across his chest but this dog is most certainly a hero. Harley, who was rescued from a puppy mill four years ago, was named the American Humane Association's 2015 American Hero Dog. Harley, who is missing an eye and has other medical issues from his time at the mill, is now a \"spokes-dog\" against puppy mills. He serves as the adorable furry face of the\"Harley to the Rescue\"campaign, which raises funds for the National Dog Mill Rescue, according to a press release. The pup was rescued back in 2011 and adopted by Rudi and her husband, Dan. \"It was just four years ago that he was pulled from the cage in the puppy mill and left to die,\" Harley's owner, Rudi, said during the awards show at the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Los Angeles this past weekend, according to Today. com. \"We never would have ever thought he would live this long and make such a difference for so many puppies. \" The dog was one of eight finalists up for the American Hero Dog and was chosen as the winner through public votes. The finalists all won $ 1,500 to be donated to one of American Humane Association' s charity partners, with Harley receiving another  $ 5 ,000 to go toward his charity partner, New Leash On Life. According to the release, Harley spent 10 years at the puppy mill, and endured rough  treatment there,  which led to his many medical issues.  He lost his eye as a result of his cage being power-washed with him inside. The dog isn't just the face of his campaign, he also goes on rescue missions and makes public appearances at events and schools to raise awareness for puppy mills. This incredible work is all due to the dog' s fighting spirit.  That spirit is allowing him now to be the voice for dogs who cannot speak for themselves and give everybody hope that tomorrow's going to be a better day. \n Answer: By giving endangered dogs-enough medical treatment.",
            "output": [
                "How did the \"Harley to the Rescue\" campaign function?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3ac2f5a6d0714ba0b4ed4e76d331ed12",
            "input": "Article: SAVE THE FROGS! Art Contest Time The 2016 SAVE THE FROGS! Art Contest will run from April 1st through October 1st , 2016. Best of luck! Introduction The SAVE THE GROGS! Art Contest invites you to create your coolest frog artwork. The contest will call on people to pay more attention to the amphibian extinction problem by getting people interested and to take part in it, and the artworks will be used on T-shirts, coffee cups, hats, cards and books to both publicize our cause and raise money for SAVE THE FROGS! amphibian protection efforts. Between 2009 and 2015 we received more than 12 thousand pieces of frog artworks from 70 countries. We look forward to receiving your creation! Who can enter? Anybody! It is free to enter the contest, though we suggest all artworks include a few dollars to assist our frog-saving efforts! Prizes   The 1st Prize Winner will: (1) Receive $100.   (2)Receive a one-year SAVE THE FROGS! membership. The 2nd and 3rd Place Artists will:  Each receives a one-year SAVE THE FROGS! Membership. Contest Rules (1)The submitted artwork must be your original creation! (2)Your artwork should not be larger than 8.5\"x11\"(22cmX28cm)in size. (3)You may submit up to three artworks (4)All artworks must refer to SAVE THE FROGS! by including either the phrase \"SAVE THE FROGS!\" or \"savethefrogs.com\",  or both. Please note that both \"SAVE THE FROGS!\" and \"savethefrogs.com\" are PLURAL, meaning the letter. \"S\" must appear at the end of the word \"FROGS\". Submissions If your artwork was digitally  created, you should email your artwork to art @ savethefrogs.com If your artwork is on paper or any other non-digital type, then mail your artwork to : SAVE THE FORGS! Art Contest P. O. Box 78758  Los Angeles, CA 90016 USA \n Answer: It aims to help protect amphibians.",
            "output": [
                "What do you know about the contest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4ae509ff5f0e49bc917c336794d347f3",
            "input": "Article: Are you a bit bored with your nine-to-five routine? Have a look at our exciting range of holidays and decide what type of adventure you'd like. Activity holidays Our activity holidays are for everyone who loves danger. We have a huge of water, snow and desert holidays. We'll take you scuba diving in the Red Sea of kayaking and white water rafting in Canada.       If you prefer snow, you can try skiing or snowboarding in the Alps or even igloo-building( ).For those who like warm weather, we also have sand boarding(the desert version of skateboarding) or camel safaris. Polar expeditions Take a cruise to the Antarctic or the Arctic; explore a land of white nature beauty or wonderful wildlife. Our experts will explain everything about the two poles as you watch penguins or whales in the Antarctic and polar bears in the Arctic. There's no greater adventure than traveling to the two ends of the earth. Culture journeys Our culture journeys will help you discover the secrets of distant places such as India, Thailand or Egypt. Explore their history by visiting temples, palaces and ancient ruins. You can also get to know how people live in the modem world by exploring markets, eating exotic foods and meeting local people. Hiking tours We have hiking holidays to famous places, such as Machu Picchu or the Everest Base Camp Trek,as well as some nearer to home, for example in the highlands of Scotland. You don't need to be too sporty, just fairly fit.    You'll have a great time enjoying nature with a group of new friends. Some of the holidays need camping, but we'll transport the tents for you! Wildlife holidays We organize small group tours to get closer to nature in Africa, Asia or South Africa. Go on safari in Africa and watch lions and giraffes.     Meet the famous turtles of Galapagos Islands. Look for tigers in India, or take an elephant safari in Sri Lanka. We use local guides and stay in a range of accommodation, from tents to tree houses. \n Answer: Diving",
            "output": [
                "What kind of activities can you do if you go to the Red Sea in summer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8a0a58e6e2154ca887ccfe3040877f2f",
            "input": "Article: OUR KIDS ARE AMAZING-especially compared with everybody else's (who seem to cry all the time). How do you show your love for your kids this holiday season? With toys that are smooth and colorful, interactive and exciting. And with ones that have educational value-because you are the boss. 1. FLAX ART HOSPITAL PUZZLE AND PLAY SET Here is a toy that doesn't need power-and the bike have to put it together themselves. This 50 piece puzzle set is made of soft edged hardwood and makes a complete hospital, with an X ray room. It also includes eight patients, a car and a driver. $135; flaxart.com. 2. TINY LOVE ACTIVITY BALL Sure, it's cool, but this colorful baby toy also develops problem solving and motor skills. It has a head and legs, a magnetic  hand and a tail. Suitable for little ones from 6 to 36 months. $19.95; tinylove.com. 3. ROBOSAPIEN This small, remote control robot is really powerful. It performs 67 preprogrammed functions , including throwing, kicking, picking up and dancing. You can even program your own function which, sadly, does not include doing windows. $99; robosapienonline.com. 4. MINI PEDAL CAR Want a Mini Cooper but can't fit the family inside? Get one for the kids. They can jump into this Mini car, which comes in hot orange with a single adjustable  seat, and ride away. But it could spoil them for that used car they'll be driving when they turn 16.For ages 3 to 5.$189; minus A. com  (click on \"gear up,\" then \"Mini motoring gear\"). \n Answer: TINY LOVE ACTIVITY BALL",
            "output": [
                "Which toy is said to have the special design for children's safety?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c2dfbc35d09d4468829acbba90497ade",
            "input": "Article: Having good etiquette   at the workplace is very important to be a favorite in an office.However,it's observed that many people aren't aware of the workplace etiquette and this creates a very bad impression in the office.So it's important to know some workplace etiquette tips. Among all the workplace etiquette guidelines,the most important is to be punctual to your office.Though going late due to an emergency is okay,habitual late comers are never appreciated in any organization.By arriving at your office on time,you show that you're aware of your responsibilities and have respect for the organization.In case you feel that you would be late,call the concerned authority and report the matter to him or her. Also,a proper knowledge of the workplace email etiquette is a must.In the official emails,you need to mention the subject concisely,while at the same time include all the important details which are to be shared.You should use good and grammatically correct language while writing emails. A knowledge of telephone etiquette in the workplace is very important as well.While talking on the telephone,be polite and listen to what they're saying carefully.Only then should you say what you feel.Speak in a voice which would be heard clearly at the other end. The workplace guidelines are important even while you're dining or celebrating with your coworkers.If you get a call in between,receive it after you're permitted by the others by saying \"excuse me\".Don't talk loudly while eating.Greet people well and try to make them feel comfortable while being in your company. These guidelines will help you become the best employee of a company.All the best! \n Answer: To win other workers' respect.",
            "output": [
                "Why should you try to be punctual?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-12d16177b885435c9aadc953d93fb569",
            "input": "Article: Petroleumis a very important mineral. It gives us heat and light. It gives us power for our cars, planes, and ships. Also, it gives us power for machines of all kinds. How is petroleum formed? Scientists believe petroleum comes from the remains of plants and animals (Remains are what is left after a plant or animal has died.) What exactly is petroleum? Petroleum is a mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons. It is an oily liquid, which may be brown, green, or black in colors. The word \"petroleum\" comes from Greek. It means \"rock oil\". Crude (, ) oil is petroleum that comes directly from deep in the ground. It is then taken to a refinery. a refinery is a kind of factory to refine oil. At a refinery the crude oil is separated into many parts. From the refined petroleum we get important things, such as gasoline, kerosene, fertilizer, detergents and a lot of other useful things. In fact, there are thousands of such things that we can get. Petroleum really is of great value! \n Answer: \" Petroleum\" is a German word.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is Not true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d7db746b716e471b9ce56d0ae5b990cb",
            "input": "Article: Yesterday was my first day of school. I had to wake up at 6 am and I had a bit of breakfast and got dressed in my school clothes. I got a service car to the Nile and crossed the Nile in a motor boat. Then it dropped me off at the Luxor museum and I walked to school which is at the back of the Luxor museum. By the time I got to school, it was 7 am. My mum came with me the first day. I got my school tie wrong. My tie was grey and everyone else's was red. The shop had sold me the wrong one. So I had to change it that evening. Everyone has mobile phones but theirs are better than mine. In the morning we did a stupid dance and sang the Egyptian national song. We had to hold on to each other's bag as we marched to class. We had English class and boring literature and then we had math. After math the teacher gave out the books we would need for all our lessons, all 22 of them. My bag was so heavy. We had a break at 12 and we could buy food and drink. It lasted for half an hour. I enjoyed English and science. Yesterday we finished at 2:15 pm and my dad picked me up. I finished my homework soon after school and I felt happy about that. Today, I had to go to school by myself. This morning I got there at 7:15 am. After school, I came back by myself in the motor boat again and got myself an ice cream while I was waiting for it. Today I had no homework to do. So, when I got home, I helped my mother with cooking. \n Answer: One hour.",
            "output": [
                "How long did it take the writer to go to school after getting up yesterday ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1a3fec93145f49659c24a33f093ae61d",
            "input": "Article: Awareness Weeks have become a regular part of Britain's cultural landscape over the past few years. They started back in 1957,when one charity , Christian Aid, decided to make all its money-raising efforts on one time of year. It was thought that by doing this they would get more publicity for their cause.  They were right, and soon other charities and campaign groups followed them. These days, most donations to charity are not collected on the streets. So instead of just asking for money, charities prefer to spend their time \"raising awareness\"--spreading knowledge of the work they do or the cause they support. They also compete with businesses and trade groups who use awareness weeks as marketing campaigns for their products.        There are now 500 awareness weeks held every year in the prefix = st1 /UK. No week goes by without one group or another trying to make the British public aware of something, with most held in May or October. The danger with all these awareness weeks is that people start to become cynical .Take National Smile Week, it seems like a great idea. Let's all make each other's life a little bit happier with a friendly smile. But really it's just a group of dentists and cosmetics companies trying to sell us toothpastes. It's enough to make you want to start National Forget About It Week.\"People feel that many awareness campaigns are just marketing exercises,\" says Ms Ormiston, who edits the Awareness Campaign Register, a newsletter which encourages people who run Awareness Weeks to become more aware of each other.\"But 90 per cent of campaigns are run by traditional charities or not for groups to make money.\" \"There's still no official group for awareness campaigns,\" says Ms Ormiston.\"People can do what they like, whatever the size of their budgets or their public relations machines allows.\"  This situation has led to calls for laws to stop real charities having their efforts overshadowed by marketing campaigns. This could be done by making the two groups hold their weeks at different times or stopping businesses running imitation  charity campaigns. But there is another way. Maybe it's time for National Weak Awareness Week, especially for people whose awareness of Awareness Weeks is weak. \n Answer: People feel many awareness weeks are just for marketing exercises.",
            "output": [
                "Why do people start to become cynical about awareness weeks?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3258395a57464a71ab1008a4810a6765",
            "input": "Article: We took a rare family road trip to the Adirondacks in late August,and it was as refreshing and exhausting as family vacations tend to be.Toward the end of our long drive home, even the kids were leaning forward in their seats urging my lead foot on.At that point in a road trip,even sixty-five miles per hour feels slow. We have become numb to our speed and numb to the road signs flashing by. My family lives on the edge of Lancaster County. Only thirty miles from home,I hit the brakes,and we began to roll,slowly,behind a horse-drawn carriage. We began to open our eyes again.We saw familiar green hills and the farm with the best watermelons. I rolled down the windows, and we breathed again.Just-cut hay and a barn full of dairy cattle. At five miles per hour,you remember what you forget at sixty-five.You are thinking about a place,even when you are moving from place to place. I am a placemaker. A homemaker, too. I am a mother of a young kid at home,and also a writer and a gardener.But,for me,those roles are wrapped up with the one big thing I want to do with the rest of my life:I want to cultivate a place and share it with others. The place I make with my family is a red-brick farmhouse built in l880. It has quite a few nineteenth-century bedrooms and a few acres of land,and we love nothing more than to fill them with neighbors and friends. We grow vegetables and flowers,keep a baker's dozen of egg--laying chickens,and,since we moved in three years ago,we have planted  many,many trees. Living with my life's purpose does not allow for much travel. I need to be here,feeding the chickens and watering the tomatoes. Any extra in the budget,and we spend it on trees. But I learned something at the end of our family road trip.Travel can help me in the task of caring for my own place.When I slow down and pay attention to the road between here and there,travel tells me the connections between my place and all the other places. \n Answer: Because she enjoyed the scenery along the road.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author slow her car some miles from her home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-40cf50fe1ddd4696b1ea2483811d1da6",
            "input": "Article: WASHINGTON -- President Obama brought together the leaders of Japan and South Korea to discuss cooperation on containing North Korea and its nuclear weapons programs. Japan and North Korea have had tense relations over unresolved issues, some of them dating back 100 years. The three leaders emphasized the importance of cooperation in dealing with North Korea. The meeting took place Tuesday in the Hague, after a twoday nuclear security summit. President Obama praised South Korean President Park Geunhye and Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe for overcoming their differences to discuss a serious threat to regional peace. He emphasized the importance of cooperation on the North Korean nuclear issue. Obama said the three discussed steps to deepen diplomatic  and military cooperation, including joint military exercises and missile  defense against Pyongyang. He said further discussions would take place next month, during his visits to Seoul and Tokyo. The South Korean president stressed the importance of a united response to North Korea, but also called on the North to choose a peaceful path. \"I sincerely hope that this meeting will offer a chance for us to reconfirm our trilateral  coordination and strengthen the cooperation on the nuclear front,\" said Park. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe agreed. \"Particularly it is extremely important that we were able to confirm close cooperation among Japan, the United States and the Republic of Korea on the issue of North Korea, the three countries who would like to cooperate so that North Korea will be able to take a positive position with regard to nuclear and missile issue,\" said Abe. Japan and South Korea have several unresolved issues, including Japan's refusal to apologize again for crimes committed 70 years ago. Former U.S. diplomat  Richard Armitage told an audience this week that painful historic injustices take a long time to heal, and that it is in Japan's interest to continue apologizing for as long as necessary. \"There is a historical record of enormous generosity, achievement and respect for human rights and human freedom,\" said Armitage. \n Answer: Website news section.",
            "output": [
                "Where can we find this article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8084940fb7f045c69ece01271e899ffa",
            "input": "Article: What picture do you have of the future? Will life in the future be better, worse of the same as now? What do you hope about the future? Futurologists predict that life will probably be very different in 2050 in all the fields of activity, from entertainment to technology. First of all, it seems that TV channels will have disappeared by 2050. Instead, people will choose a programme from a menu and a computer will send the programme directly to the television. Today, we can use the World Wide Web to read newspaper stories and see pictures on a computer thousands of kilometers away. By 2050, music, films, programmes, newspapers and books will come to us by computer. In what concerns the environment, water will have become one of our most serious problems. In many places, agriculture is changing and they are growing fruit and vegetables to export. This uses a lot of water. Demand for water will increase ten times between now and 2050 and there could be serious shortages. Some futurologists predict that water could be the cause of war if we don't act now. In transport, cars will run on new, clean fuels and they will go very fast. Cars will have computers to control the speed of the car and there won't be any accidents. Today, many cars have computers that tell the drivers exactly where they are. By 2050, the computer will control the car and drive it to your destination. On the other hand, space planes will take people half way around the world in two hours. Nowadays, the United States Shuttle can go into space and land on Earth again. By 2050, space planes will fly all over the world and people will fly from Los Angels to Tokyo in just two hours. In the field of technology, robots will have replaced people in factories. Many factories already use robots. Big companies prefer robots -- they do not ask for pay rises or go on strike, and they work 24 hours a day. By 2050, we will see robots everywhere -- in factories, schools, offices, hospitals, shops and homes. In particular, medicine technology will have conquered many diseases. Today, there are electronic devices that connect directly to the brain to help people hear. By 2050, we will be able to help blind and deaf people see again and hear again and scientists will be able to produce clones of people and decide how they look, how they behave and how much intelligence they have. Scientists will be able to do these things -- but should they? \n Answer: What to broadcast on TV is decided by yourself.",
            "output": [
                ". What may happen in the field of entertainment in the future?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5df17d93f5c54e2985b1e68286538850",
            "input": "Article: This is What a REAL Silver Dollar Looks Like If you trust in the yen, the euro, and the dollar... stop reading. Because this is a story about the silver coin EVERYBODY wants. You read the headlines. You know that troubled economic times have put global currency on a rollercoasterride. But millions have found a smarter way to build long-term value with high-grade collectable silver. And right now, those people are lining up to secure some of the last 2012 U. S. Mint Silver Eagles, America's Newest Silver Eagle Dollars. Today, you can graduate to the front of that line. Buy now and you can own these brilliant uncirculated Silver Dollars for only $38.95! You Can't Afford to Lose Why are we releasing this silver dollar for such a remarkable price? Because we want to introduce you to what hundreds of thousands of smart collectors and satisfied customers have known since 1984--New York Mint is the place to find the world's finest hige-grade coins. That's why we're offering you this Brilliant Uncirculated 2012 U.S. Silver Eagle for as little as $37.45(plus s/h). Timing is Everything Our advice? Keep this to yourself. Because the more people who know about this offer, the worse it is for you. Demand for Silver Eagles in 2011 broke records. Experts predict that 2012 Silver Eagles may break them all over again. Due to rapid changes in the price of silver, prices may be higher or lower and are subject to change without notice. Supplies are limited. Call immediately to add these Silver Eagles to your holdings before it's too late. Offer Limited to 40 per household 2012 American Silver Eagle Coin Your cost  1-4 Coins          $38.95 each + s/h 5-9 Coins      $38.45each + s/h 10-19 Coins        $37. 95 each + s/h 20-40 Coins        $37.45 each + s/h Note: $10 s/h (shipping and handling) for each purchaseFor fastest service, call toll-free 24 hours a day 1-888-201-7143   Offer Code ASE177-04  Please mention this code when you call. New York Mint 14101 Southcross Drive W.,Dept. ASE177-04 Burnsville, Minnesota 55337 www. NewYorkMint. com \n Answer: The coin is of high quality and worth collecting.",
            "output": [
                "What is stressed in the ad?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-653eb0010d574de89d9998dbcd09dbf9",
            "input": "Article: Television will turn 86 years old on September 7, 2013, and it has never looked better. In its youth, television was a piece of furniture with a tiny, round screen showing unclear pictures of  lowbudget programs. In spite of its shortcomings, it became well-received. Between 1950 and 1963, the number of American families with a television jumped from 9% to 92% of the population. As the audience got larger, the technology got better. Television sets became more reliable through the 1960s. Both of the reception and the picture improved. The major networks started broadcasting programs in color. Even greater improvements were coming according to Sanford Brown, who wrote an article forthe Postin 1967. Surprisingly, just about every prediction he made in the article became a reality. For example: All sets in the notdistant future will be color instruments. He also predicted that TV sets would become smaller, simpler, more reliable and less expensive and may forever put the TV repairman out of work. Smaller sets do not, of course, mean smaller screens. TV engineers expect screens to get much bigger. However, today's 3D TV is even farther away, if it's coming at all.  There is some doubt whether the public would be eager to pay for it, in view of people's cold reception given to 3D movies. But the technology with the greatest potential, according to Brown, was cable television  , which was still in its early stages then. As he predicted, the future of cable television was highly interactive. It wasn't cable television that gave Americans their electronic connection to the world, however. It was the Internet.  He even foresaw the future office: using picture phones, bigscreen televisions for conferences, and computers providing information, at the touch of a button. Brown ever said, \"The future of television is no longer a question of what we can invent. It's a question of what we want.\" \n Answer: They were very popular with Americans.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer about television sets in the 1960s?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-910477e2761d414c9313c00a7003680f",
            "input": "Article: I've often wondered how exactly sleep, or lack of it, can have such an awful effect on our bodies and, guess what, how much we sleep switches good genes  on and had genes off. In the first half of 2013, the Sleep Research Centre at the University of Surrey found a direct link between hours spent sleeping and genes. Every cell in our bodies carries genetic instructions in our DNA that act as a kind of operating handbook. However, each cell only \"reads\" the part of this handbook it needs at any given moment. Can sleep affect how a gene reads instructions? It's a question asked by Professor Derk-Jan Dijk at the University of Surrey. He set up an experiment and asked his volunteers to spend a week sleeping around seven and a half hours to eight hours a night and the next sleeping six and a half to seven hours. Blood samples were taken each week to compare which genes in blood cells were being used during the long and short nights. The results were rather surprising. Several hundred genes changed in the amount they were being used, including some that are linked to heart disease, cancer, and Type 2 diabetes. Genes to do with cell repair and replacement were used much less. Sleep restriction(six and a half to seven hours a night) changed 380 genes. Of these, 220 genes were down regulated (their power was increased). Those affected included body-clock genes which are linked to diabetes . One of the most downgraded genes is that which has a role in controlling insulin  and is linked to diabetes and insomnia . The most upgraded gene is linked to heart disease. So changing sleep by tiny amounts can upgrade or downgrade genes that can influence our health and the diseases we suffer from when we sleep too little. The important message is that getting close to eight hours of sleep a night can make a dramatic difference to our health in just a few days through the way it looks after our genes. \n Answer: Sleeping hours and changes of genes.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of relation is directly discussed in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b33b4e07ad4b40ed80923bf348f05906",
            "input": "Article: A California man who was feeling sick almost died recently from a shocking cause. 26-year-old Luis Ortiz went to a hospital because of a headache and nausea(,). When doctors examined him, they were shocked to find a tapeworm larva  in his brain. The story gets stranger. The larva was still alive. The creature had caused a cyst  to form inside his head. The cyst was restricting the flow of liquids to different areas of his brain. The situation was so serious that doctors said they had to perform an emergency operation to remove the larva. A doctor who operated on Ortiz told him he had only 30 minutes to live. When the doctor pulled the worm out of his head, it was still moving. Luis Ortiz was a student at California State University in Sacramento. He began experiencing headaches in late August. But Ortiz said he did not think the headaches were serious. In September, he visited a friend and his parents in another city. That is when the pain got worse. His mother saw Ortiz throwing up and took him to a hospital emergency room. The doctors saved Ortiz's life. However, the surgery also affected him. Ortiz had to drop out of school and move back home. For now, he is not permitted to work or drive a vehicle. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says the U.S. has about 1,000 reported cases of tapeworms each year. The CDC adds that tapeworms are more common in developing countries with poor public health systems. The best way to avoid a tapeworm infection  is to wash fruits and vegetables. Also, make sure meat is cooked thoroughly. The CDC suggests cooking all meats to an internal temperature of at least 63 degrees Celsius. \n Answer: Uncooked meat eaten by him.",
            "output": [
                "What caused Luis Ortiz to feel sick and headaches?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3fe73ae2b3b748b899897126cea73355",
            "input": "Article: If you want fully enjoy your vacation, then you'd better check the Durban City Tours! This is actually one of the best choices in South Africa today. There is nothing more relaxing than to think about that there is a place to go and relax, right? City life is strained, but you can escape this situation and be in the place where there is nothing but relaxation. Here in Durban you will get to see all the amazing tourist attractions. If you love animals and want to see some elephants wandering around the streets, then Durban is the place to go. You can even get to ride one if you want! Here you will also get to taste all the delicious South African food. You can choose from Italian cooking to its native dishes. Durban is a great place to tour with your friends and family. You will learn a lot about its history through the landmarks you will see down the streets. Tourists and even the local villagers just can't get enough of these treats! However, it is important that you make the necessary arrangements. There are actually lots of tour guides that will help you as you make your journey along the streets of Durban. But if you prefer the best tour guides here in Durban, then you'd better choose the Street Scene Tours. Their staff are all well-trained and professional. They will certainly make your stay here an unforgettable one. No wonder tourists prefer the Street Scene Tours when it comes to Durban City Tours. \n Answer: The friendly local people and the scenery.",
            "output": [
                "If you walk in the streets of Durban, what will impress you most?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76a0fc7116b44b1e8a84e93f02b95a6f",
            "input": "Article: Soup on my nose, a nearly spilled glass of wine and chocolate down my white blouse, as blind dates suggest, this was a really messy one. I have never made so much noise with plates and glasses, nor had I dined with a never-before-met companion. This blind date was quite different: we could see nothing. \"Put your left hand on my shoulder, and then we'll take small steps forward,\" said Michael, the visually impaired  server, in an East London accent. We three felt our way carefully bumping past heavy curtains before being arranged at the dining table, where we would eat and drink three completely secret and unseen courses. Welcome to Alchemy in the Dark, Hong Kong's first full-time restaurant in total darkness. Upon arrival, diners briefly tell the chef on their allergies , lock away their mobile phones and enter the windowless restaurant, which can seat 25. When the meal is over, the contents of the delicious menu are shown --- often to the diners' surprise. \"This is definitely duck,\" my friend said, while eating chicken. \"This soup,\" I declared, \"is carrot and coriander.\" Even the too-close smell did not reveal the real tomato and cumin flavors. Dining in the dark changes everything:  the sense of smell is heightened, manners go out of the window ----using your hands to feel around the plate becomes normal--- and there is a strange thrill in being able to ignore your facial expressions. Best of all? You don't have to spend hours beforehand  wondering what to wear. Alchemy in the Dark is at 16 Arbuthnot Road, Central, (tel: 6821 2801) and is open Monday to Saturday, from 7pm to 11pm. Reservations are required. A three-course meal with wine pairing costs HK$700 per person. Five per cent of all profits go to the Hong Kong Society for the Blind. \n Answer: By being led",
            "output": [
                "How did the author and her companion arrive at their dining table?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d32325f220a24449b4cf116016f51346",
            "input": "Article: The artist Grandma Moses became famous for her simple, bright, cheerful paintings of American farm life.Her full name was Anna Mary Robertson Moses.But she was known to everyone as Grandma Moses because she did not begin to paint seriously until in her seventies. Born on a farm in New York, Anna had little schooling.Her days were filled with farm chores.But she often found time to make pictures.Soon, however, she became too busy to draw or paint.At the age of 12, she went to work as a servant for a family nearby.She worked for other people for many years.Then, when she was 27, she married Thomas Moses, a farmer.And they began raising a family of their own. Anna Moses could no longer do heavy farm work with age.Then, in her seventies, she began to paint in oils.Her pictures showed things she recalled from childhood-farm scenes, ice-skating, bringing home the Christmas tree.Later, she began to display her art at county fairs.Her pictures recorded a way of life that was quickly passing away.People everywhere loved these happy scenes, and soon her paintings were shown in art galleries.Grandma Moses became famous partially on account of her age, but mainly because her approach to art was modest and simple compared to many other painters of her time.Without formal training or even knowledge of Modernism, she relied on her own simple techniques to create her landscapes and scenes.She continued to paint almost until her death, on December 13, 1961 , at the age of 101. The themes in her paintings provided the comfort of a rural life that many busy Americans treasured from their past.The threat of nuclear arms that appeared on television screens and in magazines had Americans starving for something more.Grandma Moses' art appealed to those who had lost hope for the future.Her classic paintings still appear on TV commercials, greeting cards, and magazine and book covers. \n Answer: She needed to make a living by selling her paintings.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the fact that Grandma Moses picked up a paintbrush?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d49e83f6056f41b988791dd2f8f1b9b6",
            "input": "Article: On July 12, 1997, Malala Yousafzai was born in Mingora, Pakistan, located in the country's Swat Valley. Yotsafzai attended a school that her father, Ziauddin Yousafzai, had founded. After the Taliban began attacking girl schools in Swat, Malala gave a speech in Peshawar, Pakistan, in September 2008. The title of her talk was, \"How dare the Taliban take away my basic right to education?\" When she was 14, Malala and her family learned that the Taliban had issued a death threat against her. Though Malala was frightened for the safety of her father----an anti-Taliban activist-she and her family initially felt that the fundamentalist group would not actually harm a child. On October 9, 2012, on her way home from school, a man boarded the bus Malala was riding in and demanded to know which girl was Malala. When her friends looked toward Malala, her location was given away. The gunman fired at her, hitting Malala in the left side of her head. Two other girls were also injured in the attack. Despite the Taliban's threats, Yousafzai remains a firm advocate for the power of education. On October 10, 2013, in acknowledgement of her work, the European Parliament awarded Yousafzai the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought. That same year, she was nominated   for a Nobel Peace Prize. She didn't win the prize, but was named a nominee again in March 2014. Malala Yousafzai's Speech at the United Nations (Excerpt) Dear brothers and sisters, do remember one thing. Malala Day is not my day. Today is the day of every woman, every boy and every girl who have raised their voice for their rights. There are hundreds of human rights activists and social workers who are not only speaking for human rights, but who are struggling to achieve their goals of education, peace and equality.Thousands of people have been killed by the terrorists and millions have been injured.I am just one of them. ... Dear sisters and brothers, now it's time to speak up. So today, we call upon the world leaders to change their strategic policies in favour of peace and prosperity: We call upon the world leaders that all the peace deals must protect women and children's rights. We call upon all governments to ensure free compulsory education for every child all over the world. We call upon all governments to fight against terrorism and violence, to protect children from brutality and harm. We call upon the developed nations to support the expansion of educational opportunities for girls in the developing world. We call upon our sisters around the world to be brave--to embrace   the strength within themselves and realise their full potential. \n Answer: Aggressive and sympathetic.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following adjectives can best describe Malala according to this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-02f87c53e89e454485e0c99197744f4d",
            "input": "Article: While small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants. The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small, shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says. But it is not just the extra-tall whose needs are not being met. The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged. \"The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, so even a king-size bed at 6'6'' (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men, while the standard 6'3'' bed caters for less than half of the male population.\" Said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy, \"seven-foot beds would work fine.\" Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems. Small tables, which mean the long-legged have to sit a foot or so away from them, are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere. Some have already taken note, however. At Queens Moat Houses' Caledoman Hotel in Edinburgh, 6'6''beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors, particularly Americans. \n Answer: To attract more people to become its members.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ac561b5d5bc4f02b168699ba5c263b6",
            "input": "Article: Nick Santonastasso has one arm equipped with one finger. He has no legs. He also has no limitations . \" I know anything's possible ,\" the 12-year-old told TODAY 's Ann Curry. He can play baseball and football, play the keyboard and drums, and play video games with his brothers. When Nick was born, he suffered a disease only found in 11 other people. The Santonastassos had three other children, and they decided to treat Nick the same as others, with love but without excuse \" We're supposed to be heroes to our children, but Nick is a hero to us,\" his father Michael said. But heroes have heroes, too, and Nick's is Tiki Barber, the former football superstar who retired last year and became a reporter for TODAY. Curry told Nick that for his birthday, the show wanted to give him a new skateboard. The person who presented it to him was Barber. \" You're an inspiration,\" Barber said. \" There are a lot of kids who might be at a disadvantage. You give them strength.\" Curry observed that most parents try to protect their kids from failure, but the Santonastassos didn't do that with Nick. \"Absolutely not, \"Nick's mother Stacey said. \" If you do have a small failure, it just makes you stronger to succeed at the next stop.\" \" It builds self-confidence in yourself to try it again,\" Nick added. Recently, Nick entered a drawing in a statewide contest in New Jersey. His drawing was a tree with a spreading canopy   and deep toots. Above the tree were the words, \"The roots of a family are...\" Below the ground, the roots spelled out the final word for the message: \" Love.\" It won the contest. The judges didn't know Nick' physical condition. He won on merit  , the same way he does everything else in life. \n Answer: They treated him as a normal boy",
            "output": [
                "How did the Santonastassos treat Nick?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3d4a88ad774a4ba890857f3c53f60efa",
            "input": "Article: School violence is in the headlines again after recent shootings at schools in Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Colorado. After hearing the news, it's natural for students -- no matter how old they are or where they go to school -- to worry about whether this type of incident may someday happen to them. So how safe are schools? It's actually safer to be in a school than in a car. Twice as many 15-to-19-year-olds die in car accidents than in shootings (and that's all shootings, not just the ones that happen in schools). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, less than 1% of all homicides   among school-age children happen on school grounds or on the way to and from school. So the vast majority of students will never experience violence at school. However, some schools have re-evaluated their safety needs in response to the concerns of families and communities. Some now require that guests check in at the office or have more guards on duty. Some schools have fixed metal detectors. Another thing that helps make schools safer is greater awareness of problems like bullying and discrimination. Many schools have practiced programs to fight these problems and to help teachers and administrators know more about protecting students from this type of violence. The cause of school violence isn't easy to understand. There is no single reason why students become violent. Some are just copying behavior they've seen at home, in the streets, or in video games, movies, or television. There's one thing experts do agree on, though: Having access to guns or other weapons makes it easier for some people to lash out against the things or people they don't like. \n Answer: Fatal shootings of students are less than 1% of all homicides.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements can prove that schools are safe?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4722999acb724a46a7b80a63e3044d7c",
            "input": "Article: Lisa was running late. Lisa, 25, had a lot to do at work,plus visitors on the way: her  parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But as she hurried down the subway stairs, she started to feel uncomfortably warm. By the time she got to the platform, Lisa felt weak and tired-maybe it hadn't been a good idea to give blood the night before, she thought. She rested herself against a post close to the tracks. Several yards away, Frank, 43, and his girlfriend, Jennifer, found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop. They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying. But when he heard the scream, followed by someone yelling, \"Oh, my God, she fell in!\" Frank didn't hesitate. He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails. \"No! Not you! \" his girlfriend screamed after him. She was right to be alarmed. By the time Frank reached Lisa, he could feel the tracks shaking and see the light coming. The train was about 20 seconds from the station. It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the arms and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground, and saw someone else holding her purse. Lisa thought she'd been robbed. A woman held her hand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the blood pouring from her head. And she tried to talk but she couldn't, and that was when she realized how much pain she was in. Police and fire officials soon arrived, and Frank told the story to an officer. Jennifer said her boyfriend was calm on their 40-minute train ride downtown-just as he had been seconds after the rescue, which made her think about her reaction at the time. \"I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die.\" she explained. \n Answer: She had donated blood the night before.",
            "output": [
                "What was the most probable cause for Lisa's weakness?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4354571e93064237a33747c2f91a1bce",
            "input": "Article: The adolescent girl from Tennessee was standing on the stage of a drama summer camp in New York.But the girl didn't feel joyful.She was not the leggy,attractive Hollywood type.In fact,she described herself as stupid. This girl was Reese Witherspoon,who had wanted to be a country singer and admired and respected Dolly Patton very much. That day at the end of the camp her coaches told her to forget about singing.They suggested she think about another career.She took their words to heart.After all,why shouldn't she believe the professionals? But back at home in Nashville,her mother--a funny,happy,optimistic woman--wouldn't let her feel depressed.Her father,a physician,encouraged her to achieve in schoo1.So she worked hard at everything and was accepted at Stanford University. And at 1 9,she got a part in a low-budget movie called Freeway, which prepared for her role in the movie Pleasantville.But her big break came with Legally Blonde. \"If you can't sing and you aren't charming,play to your strengths.If you're going to make it in this business,better focus on what you're good at,\"she told the interviewer later. And then came the offer that took her back to her Nashville--playing the wife of a country star Johnny Cash,a singing role. All of a sudden the old fears learned on that summer stage were back.She was so nervous on the stage.But she didn't give up on the movie or herself.She spent 6 months taking singing lessons again.She learned to play the Autoharp.And the hard work built up her confidence. Last March,Reese Witherspoon walked up on another stage,the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood,and accepted the Oscar as Best Actress for her heartbreaking,heartwarming singing role as June Carter Cash in Walk the Line. \n Answer: The experts advised her to give up singing.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Reese Witherspoon sad that day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9fcc80264c84c27a4778b60be96141b",
            "input": "Article: It was about six years ago.We were at senior high school.Those days in school were gray to most Chinese students because of the college entrance examination pressure.Not our parents and teachers didn't love us,but they loved us too much.Our only happiness was a high grade in the exam. One afternoon after the final exam,we four girls came to a small wood and we felt _ only belonging to us that afternoon.We talked and laughed.We played all the games that we could think of.We felt we were on the top of the world for the first time in our life.We totally forgot the unhappiness in our life and we threw the homework and the endless exams far away out of the wood. In the middle of the wood ran a small and peaceful stream.Now and then,we could see some wild ducks on the water looking for food.The water weeds danced happily while the water passed beside them.The air was so fresh that we breathed it freely. The sun had set before we knew it.We had to leave the place which brought us much happiness.We agreed to come back again every time we felt bored. Years later,we went there several times.But,every time we went there to find that great feeling,we failed.Strangely,the feeling was different from that of several years ago. I know that wonderful experience was just for once.We can never find that kind of happiness again which only belonged to the special afternoon in our life.That was a release of our uneasy heart.We can never go back to that young age or that simple life.It was our golden ages.No matter how boring and hard the life was,it gave us something worthy to recall.We'll treasure it forever. \n Answer: Unhappy.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer think of their senior high school life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-90db9c1e031c47aeab1d342a084dd25b",
            "input": "Article: \"Depend on  yourself\" is what nature says to every man. Parents can help you. Teachers can help you. But all these only help you to help yourself. There have been many men in history.  But many of them were very poor in childhood, and no uncles, aunts or friends to help them. Schools were few. They could not depend upon themselves for an education. They saw how it was and set to work with all their strength to know something. They worked their own way till they became well known. One of the most famous teachers in England used to tell his pupils, \"I can not make worthy men of you, but I can help make men of yourself.\" Some young men don't try their best to make themselves valuable to the human beings. They can never gain achievement  unless they see their weak points and change their course. They are nothing now, and will be nothing as long as they live, unless they accept the advice of their parents and teachers, and depend on their own efforts. \n Answer: Depend on Yourself.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following titles fits this article best?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4cbeec1903bd4a94a2f1cddbb558dd63",
            "input": "Article: Many expensive nutrition additives   advertised on TV say they can improve your memory. But only ordinary food and healthy habits have been shown to work. A research team from UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) has designed a four-step plan to improve your memory in just 14 days. \"It sounds like another advertisement, but it really works,\" says UCLA psychiatry   professor Gary Small. The team found the four-step plan improved memory function   in teenagers under stress and older people. After a two-week study that included brain-teasers  , exercise and diet changes, test subjects' memories worked more efficiently. Here's the programme: Memory training: Train yourself with brain-teasers, crossword puzzles and memory exercises that train verbal   skills throughout the day. Healthy diet: Eat five rather than three meals a day. The food should be rich in omega-3 fats (omega-3), such as whole grains and vegetables that contain antioxidants  . Having frequent meals helps increase blood glucose  , the primary energy source for the brain. Physical fitness: Have regular physical exercise such as walking, basketball or running, every day. Stress reduction  : Perform stretching and relaxation exercises. Stress causes the body to release a chemical that can shrink   the memory centres in the brain. Before-and-after brain scans showed that test subjects experienced on average a 5 per cent increase in working memory. This suggests they were using their brains more efficiently. They also performed better on a cognitive   test. A control group that didn't follow the plan showed no big changes. \"We've known for years that diet and exercise can help people keep their physical health, which is a key part of healthy aging,\" said Small. \"But keeping mental health is just as important. Now we have evidence that people can improve their memories through a programme of memory exercises and stress reduction.\" \n Answer: He is satisfied with his programme.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Small say \" It sounds like another advertisement, but it really works\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cf5663424a1b4ae997e3c7d2a8222064",
            "input": "Article: Electronic waste, or e-waste, refers to electronic products that are no longer usable. This can include TVs, cell phones and computers and other office electronics, electronic toys and videos machines. Today, the average turnover rate for a computer in the United States is every two years, according to the environmental group, Greenpeace. The group's Dai Yun says e-waste is a global problem. \"The electronic industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The high speed of growth in this industry means more and more electronic products are being wasted and thrown away. If no one decides to retrieve the old products and process them properly, the electronic waste will sweep over the earth like the huge wave behind me and pollute the Earth seriously.\" Greenpeace works out that 20 to 50 million tons of e-waste are produced globally each year. The components in many electronic products contain harmful chemicals that pollute ground water and the environment. At present , the U.S. has no federal law for the disposal   of e-waste although a few states have e-waste recycling programs in place, but there is no law. The U.S. exports much of its e-waste to third world countries, such as India and China, where workers took apart computers for valuable parts, hoping to sell them for money. But harmful wastes expert, Dr. Bakul Rao, says that's a dangerous practice. \"From now on, the recyclers are not very educated. All they know is they can retrieve copper or gold out of it. So, the easiest way to do that is leach   it out in an acid or burn it off to retrieve it. So, that's where they don't know how to deal with it, neither do they have any health systems in place. So, their exposure is more.\" \n Answer: A table",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is most likely not to be a form of e-waste?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9adc77ae91fc45008f72bb8701c802a8",
            "input": "Article: While all cultures share the same basic emotions, the body language used throughout different cultures of the world vary enormously. What can mean one thing in one country can often mean something completely different in another. For example, in North America and Europe people tend to prefer direct eye contact. But in some Asian countries longer eye contact is considered rude. So when communicating with people, always be aware of different cultural customs that may exist.  A V sign in the US could mean victory, but in England, it stands for a rude challenge, which has the same meaning as showing the middle finger in the US.  The OK gesture in America and England is given to mean everything is good or well. But in Latin America is looked on as a rude sign. The thumbs up sign in America and most of Europe means that something is good or well done, but it is considered rude in many Asian countries. Putting your feet on the table is generally not thought to be rude in America and England. However, in Thailand it is really rude. Telling someone to come to you by curling your index finger is acceptable in America and England, but this gesture signifies death in Singapore. Raising your hand up means stop in America and England. In some Asian countries this gesture is used when asking for permission to speak. In most westernized countries it is considered normal for two men to shake hands. In some Asian countries it is quite normal for men to kiss each other, while in most westernized countries men kissing in public would be viewed as homosexual behavior. If you would like more information on different cultural gestures all over the world, visit our website often. And we do have lots of information that interests you. \n Answer: How gestures can vary in different cultures?",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76bde4e011da4bc9b13ea19d55ac4417",
            "input": "Article: Thanks to a young waiter, I only recently discovered that a friend of 20 years was once a yo-yo virtuoso . \"Oh, stop it!\" Jackie said when I started laughing during our dinner. \"I was, too. And I knew how to 'Walk the Dog.' \" \"Wow, really?\" said our waiter, Jumario Simmons, flashing a big smile at us. \"Don't encourage her,\" I said. \"What else could you do?\" he asked. \"I did 'Round the World,'\" Jackie said, now ignoring me completely. \"That cradle  thing, too.\" I'd asked Jumario what he did when he wasn't waiting on tables. The 24-year-old waiter was so smart that I knew there had to be more to his story. It turns out that he won a regional yo-yo competition last year. He also gives free lessons to kids. \"It gives them something to do,\" Jumario said. \"Keeps them off the streets.\" One of the great things about eating out is the table talk with strangers, which reminds us that everyone has a life and a name. But the other day I heard that some restaurants are ending this talk between diners and servers. I listened to the reporter describe how their improvements are allowing customers to text orders from their tables to speed up service. The reporter got my attention with this sentence: \"Five minutes after typing 'I'm at table 3', a meal arrives at the table.\" But there wasn't a \"please\" with this order, which should have been a request, by the way. If you've ever waited on tables, you know that the last thing you need is yet another way for a customer to be unpleasant. Most servers are constantly mediating  between customers' requests for substitutions and overworked cooks' accusations of treason. Except at high-end restaurants, servers also have to hover like mothers of preschoolers so that we might consider them worthy of a large enough tip to lift their pay to minimum wage. Texting a server from a table a few feet away is equal to moving our fingers and shouting, \"Hey, you!\" It was rude in 1957, and it's rude now. You won't ever find me texting a waiter or waitress. \n Answer: The waiter is good at playing yo-yo. .",
            "output": [
                "What do we know from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-04a9ec75a87c4537a67313f8d575cd8b",
            "input": "Article: Want to add some hours to your day? Ok, you probably can't change the fabric of time. But a new study suggests that the way you feel about your goal can change your concept of time and that some simple strategies could make you feel less rushed. In a series of experiments, Jordan Etkin, a professor of marketing at Duke, and her co-authors, Loannis Evangelidis and Jennifer Aaker, looked at what happens when people see their goals as conflicting with one another. In one, they asked some participants to list two of their goals that they felt were in conflict, and others simply to list two of their goals. Those who were forced to think about conflicting aims felt more time pressure than those who weren't. In another experiment, the researchers gave participants a similar prompt regarding goal conflict, but this time measured their anxiety levels as well as their attitudes toward time. They found that participants who thought about conflicting goals had more anxiety than those who didn't, and that this, in turn, led to feelings of being short on time. \"Stress and anxiety and time pressure are closely linked concepts,\" D. Etkin explained. \"When we feel more stress and anxiety in relation to our personal goals, that manifests as a sense of having less time.\" Technological advances that allow people to do lots of things at once may increase the fe'eling of goal conflict, she said.\"I think the easier it is for us to try to deal with a lot of these things at the same time,\" She  said\"the more opportunity there is for us to feel this conflict between our goals.\"She isn't the first to suggest that actual busyness isn't the only thing that can make us feel busy  At the Atlantic, Derek Thompson wrote that \"as a country, we're working less than we did in the 1960s and 1980s.\" He offered a number of possible reasons some Americans still feel so overworked, including \"the fluidness ffl+-) of work and leisure.\" As he put it:\"The idea that work begins and ends at the office is wrong. On the one hand, flexibility is nice, On the other, mixing work and leisure together creates an always-on expectation that makes it hard for white-collar workers to escape the shadow of work responsibilities.\" And Brigid Schulte writes in her 2014 book Overwhelmed: How to Work, Love, and Play When No One Has the Time that some researchers believe \"time has no sharp edges. What often matters more than the activity we're doing at a moment in time, they have found, is how we feel about it.Our concept of time is indeed,our reality.\" Fortunately, Dr. Etkin and her team did find ways of making us feel better about time--or, at least, of reducing the negative influence of goal conflict. When participants performed a breathing exercise that reduced their anxiety, the impact of such conflict on their perception of time was less pronounced. Reframing anxiety as excitement (by reading the phrase \"I am excited!\" aloud several times) had a similar effect. Breathing and reframing may not solve everyone's time problems--Ms. Schulte writes that some Americans are indeed working more than they used to. She cites the work of the sociologists Michael Hout and Caroline Hanley, who have \"found that working parents combined put in 13 more hours a week on the job in 2000 than they did in 1970. That's 676 hours of additionally paid work a year for a family. And that's on top of all the unpaid hours spent caring for children and keeping the house together.\" Sometimes, we may feel short on time because we actually are. However, Dr. Etkin believes her findings suggest we may \"have the ability to influence our experience of time more than we think we do.\" \"We're all going to have times in our lives when our goals seem to be in more conflict than others,\" she said. But with techniques like the ones her team tested, \"we really can help ourselves feel like we have more time.\" \n Answer: Goal conflict.",
            "output": [
                "What makes people feel rushed today?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1a8f783b8bed4891bfb573349eeed216",
            "input": "Article: There are many kinds of sales. For example, a \"back-to-school sale\" is held near the beginning of the school year. Parents like the lower prices of the clothes and school supplies for their children. A \"midnight madness\" event starts very late at night. An \"early bird special\" sale starts very early in the morning. This kind of sale is popular the day after Thanksgiving in November. A favorite sale among many people is the \"buy one, get one free\" sale. You buy one thing and get a second one without cost. When people see the word \"free\" in an advertisement they know they are getting a good deal. As a matter of fact, it is not the case. Another kind of sale is a \"going out of business\" sale. This is when a storeowner tries to sell all the goods in the store before closing the business permanently . Let us say the store sells floor coverings. The owner lowers the prices and puts up a sign that says: \"Going out of business sale. All items MUST be sold by tomorrow.\" People who buy the floor coverings think they are getting a special deal because everything must be sold in a short period of time. Then, days later they see the store did not close permanently. And they see the same sign that claims the store is going out of business. Some business owners really do not end the business. They just want to earn more money. People also hold their own sales. They hold garage sales and yard sales outside their home. They sell things they no longer want. Groups such as religious centers or schools hold bake sales. They sell cakes, cookies and other baked goods to raise money. In America, you can always find a good sale, no matter the day or time of year. There is the Independence Day sale, Veteran's Day sale, clearance sale, sidewalk sale, red tag sale, white sale, blue light special, liquidation sale, half-off sale, warehouse sale, tent sale ... \n Answer: Different kinds of sales.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly deal with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ba6c4fbab49b480ca1d4485ac760a278",
            "input": "Article: BUS SERVICE New York City -- Brennan, New Jersey (Trip time: 30 minutes each way ) Timetable *Buses leave the Railway Station, New York 7:00 a.m. and every half-hour thereafter  until 11:30 p.m. (7 days a week). *Buses leave Brennan Station 20 minutes before and after every hour from 6:20 a.m. to 10:40 p.m. (7 days a week ). *Evening rush hours(5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.) buses leave the Railway Station, New York every 15 minutes (Monday -- Friday). *Holidays: buses leave every hour on the hour time, each direction. All tickets must be bought at Window 12, the Railway Station, New York, or at the Brennan Station Window before boarding buses. \n Answer: 4:40 p.m.",
            "output": [
                "What time does a bus leave New York for Brennan every Thursday?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8832e5432295476abd80932bef198aab",
            "input": "Article: If you're locking into your career plans, college counselor Nancy Donehower has three words for you: Don't do it. Huh? A college counselor tells you not to lock into plans? What's that all about? Actually, Nancy isn't the only counselor advising students to take their time in discovering who they are and what they want to do when they get out of college. \"Preparing broadly makes sense to me,\"she explains,\"that the best preparation for a future that's still unfolding is a broad preparation. It shouldn't prevent you from following areas that light you up, but a broad preparation will prepare you for multiple careers. That's important because jobs change more frequently due to changes in technology and business competition. Some jobs that are available today may be on their way out in 10 years. The best thing about preparing broadly is that you get to live in a big world. You avoid getting typecast in a job or business area, and if your job becomes out of date, you can move on.\" Students let the\"next-step mind\"interfere with their learning as well. Many students don't take courses outside their comfort zone for fear it will ruin their GPA (grade point average) and their chances of getting into a certain college.\"You may be reluctant to go outside your areas of strength for fear you'll get a low grade,\"says Nancy.\"But if you think one grade in one class will ruin your chances of admission, you're doing yourself a disservice. Colleges look at a number of factors in addition to grades. Students often think of requirements for colleges as much tighter and narrower than they really are.\" Since colleges work to admit a diverse group of students, the best thing to do is be yourself and explore your options.\"I know of many people in their late 20s who are unhappy in their careers and who regret that they didn't pursue a wider range of interests while in college.\" Her advice to students:\"Think about who you are right now. You have certain preferences. You have areas you like to study. You have certain skills.\"She suggests using interest surveys to help you gain a sense of where your interests and skills can lead you. \"Follow your nose and find a college that will support and encourage you academically and socially. Have faith in yourself and the things you like to do,\"she adds. \n Answer: Don't be stuck with a\"next-step mind\".",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly want to tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c098a91da248482caeb96cb2bf81be79",
            "input": "Article: When we heard that our friend astronaut Gregory Chamitorff was going to be on board the last flight of the space shuttle Endeavour, we asked him if he would answer some questions from space. He said yes! Here are our questions and Greg's answers from space. What's the best thing about being in space? Zero-gravity  is by far the best thing about being in space. It does not really mean that there is no gravity. It means that we are moving around Earth in the same way the space station is moving around Earth. So we are floating inside the space station. We travel around Earth once every 90 minutes. That's 16 sunrises and sunsets every day. Really fast! Inside the station, we can fly around like superman. It's an amazing feeling, and I hope everyone gets a chance to fly in space someday to experience the wonder of zero-gravity. What do you do for fun in the space shuttle? There are so many things you can do in zero-gravity that are fun. Flying around is fun. Eating food that floats is fun. I like to play like Superman and see how far I can fly without touching any walls. Another fun thing is to play with water. Most of all, the most exciting thing to do is to look out the window at our beautiful planet Earth below. You never get tired of seeing it like that, the way it really is and it can never be seen that way while standing on its surface. What's the coolest thing about being on a spacewalk? Wow! Doing a spacewalk is cool. There is nothing more wonderful than floating in space in your own space suit. It's amazing, and when you are doing a spacewalk, you are \"out there\" just floating in empty space, like the earth, like the moon, like the sun, like the space station. It's not science fiction. It's real. \n Answer: He thinks it's great flying in empty space.",
            "output": [
                "Why does Greg think doing a spacewalk is the coolest thing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ab4e7a362bd4e5fb6907b13793a7998",
            "input": "Article: Three years ago, five parrots were set free in a wild place of Arizona, thousands of miles from the Channel Islands in Jersey where they had been looked after by zookeepers. No evolutionary strategies informed them how to behave in this new landscape of mountainous pine forest unoccupied by their kind for 50 years. To the researchers' surprise, they failed to make contact with a group of wild parrots imported from Mexico and set free at the same time. Within 24 hours the reintroducing ended in failure, and the poor birds were back in cages, on their way to the safety of the Arizona reintroduction programme. Ever since then, the programme has enjoyed great success, mainly because the birds now being set free are Mexican birds illegally caught in the wild, confiscated   on arrival north of the border, and raised by their parents in the safety of the programme. The experience shows how little we know about the behaviour and psychology   of parrots, as Peter Bennett, a bird researcher, points out: \"Reintroducing species of high intelligence like parrots is a lot more difficult. People like parrots, always treating them as nothing more than pets or valuable 'collectables'.\" Now that many species of parrot are in immediate danger of dying out, biologists are working together to study the natural history and the behaviour of this family of birds. Last year was an important turning point: conservationists founded the World Parrot Trust, based at Hayle in Cornwall, to support research into both wild and caged birds. Research on parrots is vital for two reasons. First, as the Arizona programme showed, when reintroducing parrots to the wild, we need to be aware of what the birds must know if they are to survive in their natural home. We also need to learn more about the needs of parrots kept as pets, particularly as the Trust's campaign does not attempt to discourage the practice, but rather urges people who buy parrots as pets to choose birds raised by humans. \n Answer: It used to be home to parrots of their kind.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the area where the five parrots were reintroduced?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae2d32b55dfe45cb8e01df6884197ec3",
            "input": "Article: Pollution's great effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years, resulting in a movement to make best use of energy, depend less on fossil   fuels, and to cut down air and water pollution. Most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm. The construction industry uses up a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building takes up 39% of the country's total energy use, 12% of total water use, 68% of total electricity use, and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions  , according to the Environment Protection Agency. Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, or go to school in than standard buildings. Green buildings use resources more properly during the entire building cycle than traditional building. The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems , improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they use less energy and materials and improve indoor air quality, which improves the health of those who live in such buildings. The process of building green includes technical and aesthetic  planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often mirror the surrounding environment and natural resources and use building materials that can be reused. In addition, recycled resources that are found locally are used for green buildings, diminishing the cost and air pollution related with transporting materials over long distances. Careful selection of the building place is important to reduce human effect on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool wind and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small. Besides, green roofs can be built to reduce energy use and cost. These roofs are partly or completely covered with vegetation, which helps reduce heating and cooling costs, prevent storm-water runoff, and so on. Other advantages of green buildings often include energy and water saving, recycling, and waste reduction. What's more, energy sources such as solar power and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which reduces costs and the effect on the environment. \n Answer: To encourage the application of green building.",
            "output": [
                "What is the writing purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ce22bf96930b4dffbb845b342aebe856",
            "input": "Article: Kieron Williamson, a seven-year-old British boy, is being recognized as an art genius  after selling 16 paintings for 18, 000 pounds in just 14 minutes. This boy has artistic skills that would be the envy of any serious painter and drawn comparisons(,) to Pablo Picasso, a child prodigy  who became one of the most recognized artists of the 20th century. It all began on a family holiday to Cornwall on the southwest English coast when Kieron was five. Inspired by the beautiful view, he asked his parents for his first sketch-pad  . From that moment on, he became deeply interested. While supportive, Kieron's parents are careful not to push their son. He only paints when and what he wants. He has a waiting list of hundreds and requests for his works have been flooding in. His father said a sale of Kieron's works held in November even drew a buyer from Japan. \"We had people driving down that night, there were people on the door waiting to come in the morning who had been standing outside, the phones were going mad as soon as the door opened at nine o'clock and within 14 minutes all the 16 pictures had gone, \" he said.  All this talent, money and high praise could so easily go to a young boy's head, but Kieron said his friends keep him grounded. \"Some of them want to be as good as me and some of them think. . . Umn, 'you are not too special'.\" he said.  Kieron's favourite painter is British artist Edward Seago and he has spent some of his earnings buying a work by his hero. The rest is being invested  by his parents until he reaches 25. Kieron's parents and his younger sister Billi-Jo don't see him as anything but a average seven-year-old boy who likes to tear around the house and who's mad about football. But for now, with so much still to learn, there's only one thing he wants to be when he grows up. He said, \"I think I'll be an artist.\" \n Answer: The beautiful view he saw.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the main reason which made Kieron Williamson begin to love painting?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6981abeabafd4f3ca234cf9a430d36cc",
            "input": "Article: The following conversation is between Susan Russell-Robinson from the US Geological  Survey and Barbara Reynolds from USA Today . Q: Why , after 600 years of no activity , did Mount Pinatubo in Philippines erupt in 1991 ? A: Volcanoes  each have their own eruption styles . This volcano probably has a rule which makes it erupt in the order of every 500 to 1000 years , but a volcano in Hawaii seems to erupt every year , and some of the Alaskan volcanoes might erupt every 10 or 20 years . Q: So nothing caused it ? A: There's nothing out of the ordinary . If you were to take an ordinary calendar year , 50 to 75 or 80 volcanoes erupt around the world every year . There are 20 to 30 volcanoes every month that show signs of unrest . That might be a full-blown eruption or a whole host of activities like that . Q: What is \"the ring of fire\" ? A: If you look at where active volcanoes are placed around the world , there are somewhere between 500 and 600 of them . There is what appears to be almost a necklace that goes around the Pacific Ocean . It makes a ring where 60% of the world's volcanoes lie . Q: Why such a concentration there ? A: That's based on a theory that the oceans and the continents are like separate pieces . When continents and when that happens it seems to produce magma at depth and then you have volcanoes in the same ring . \n Answer: An interview published in the press .",
            "output": [
                "What kind of writing do you think this passage is ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5c7d6fffc495477f96351f4174753097",
            "input": "Article: The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment' sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing. Since 2009, a new form of sharing economy has been emerging in neighborhoods throughout the US and around the world-Little Free Library. The libraries are boxes placed in neighborhoods from which residents can withdraw and deposit books. Little Free Libraries come in all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults, or tour guides. In 2009. Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library as a gift to his mother, who was a devoted reader. When he saw the people of his community gathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further. \"I think Little Free Libraries open the door to conversations we want to have with each other,\" Bol said.  . Since then, his idea has become a movement, spreading from state to state and country to country. According to Little FreeLibrary.org, there are now 18,000 0f the little structures around the world, located in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia. The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article says the little, structures serve as a cure for a world of e-reader downloads . The little wooden boxes are refreshingly physical and human. For many people, the sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries' main appeal. \"A girl walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading; a man on his way to the bus stop might find a volume of poetry that changes his outlook on life,\" says the Atlantic article. \"Every book is a potential source of inspiration \" \n Answer: Citizens shared them.",
            "output": [
                "How do Little Free Libraries get their books?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9ac4f5a24c63453ebbc763e07d9cdc88",
            "input": "Article: Researches at Johns  Hopkins University's. Applied Physics laboratory  ( APL)  in Laurel , Maryland have designed a new human-like robot, Its name is Robo Sally. The machine can be controlled from a distance and can he used to do work that is dangerous for human beings. Roho Sally has two long arms with human-like hands. She can use her fingers to pick up  small objects .examine them in detail and do most things that human hands can do Each finger  contains a tiny motor capable of squeezing 20 pounds of pinch foree ,.enough to defuse a bomb  under the direction of an operator. She sits on a metal base with wheels that let her move around. turn in tight spaces and climb over small objects, . Mike McLoughlin is the main investigator for the Applied Physics Laboratory's Prosthetics  Program. \"The purpose of that program is to develop prosthetic arms that have all the capability  of your natural arms .and you do all the complex motions that we can do with the natural arm- with the robot. \" It was a difficult job. Mr. McLoughlin says the device had to have many small motors to.  have the ability to do what a human hand does; It  also needs to have human-like strength. The  thumb was especially difficult because it permits the hand .to hold objects. And everything had.   to fit into a space about the size of a human hand. The next problem  .he says .was to figure out how to control the artificial hand. \" So we had   to figure out how to make the connection between the brain and this arm. For search-and-rescue duties.Roho Sally will be operated by a human being using a wire- less machine that is far from the robot. The operator will also wear special gloves and glasses.  The glasses permit the operator to see the robot's hands .even though they are far away. Mr. McLoughlin says this kind of robots could be used in what he calls \"dull , dirty or dan- gerous\" situations where fine human finger movements are required. He says the technology is  not ready for everyday application .but he predicts that within five years we will see some won-  derful improvements. \n Answer: They are expected to function as well as natural ones.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn ahout the prosthetic arms according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c86a2b824c854e6c9a3fcc3d4eaa8523",
            "input": "Article: How many of us have heard that question, \"Where was GOD when the World Trade Center  and the Pentagon  were attacked?\" Well, I know where my GOD was the morning of September 11, 2001, and He was very busy! He was trying to discourage anyone from taking these flights. Those four flights together held over 1000 passengers and there were only 266 aboard. He was on 4 commercial flights giving frightened passengers the ability to stay calm. Not one of the family members who were called by a loved one on one of the hijacked  planes said that passengers were screaming in the background. On one of the flights he was giving strength to passengers to try to overtake the hijackers. He was busy trying to create obstacles  for employees at the World Trade Center. After all, only around 20,000 were at the towers when the first jet hit. Since the buildings held over 50,000 workers, this was a _ in itself. How many of the people who were employed at the World Trade Center told the media that they were late for work or they had traffic delays. He was holding up 2-110 story buildings so that 2/3 of the workers could get out. I was so amazed that the top of the towers didn't fall when the jets crashed. And when they did fall, GOD made them fall inward, as many more lives would have been lost. So when anyone asks, \"Where was your GOD on September 11,\" you can say \"everywhere\"! And yes, although this is without a doubt the worst thing I have seen in my life, I see God's miracles in every bit of it. I can't imagine going through such a difficult time and not believing in GOD - life would be hopeless. So shines a good deed in a weary world! \n Answer: By giving examples.",
            "output": [
                "In what way the author tried to prove his point in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7a0cb9a5845f4f6b9acdd0dde6b17fc0",
            "input": "Article: As the semester  ended, students had a chance to _ . They got to grade me anonymously , assessing the ability of my thinking, my organizational skills and the depth of my knowledge. Such evaluations keep me alert to what works and what doesn't. Students reflect my performance back to me, and I'm glad to learn what they think of my teaching so that I might try to improve. This system reflects many aspects of my work. There is, of course, nothing wrong with it. But this system assumes that what students need is the same as what they want. Reading my evaluations every semester has taught me otherwise. Actually many students' expectations for their courses have already changed, reflecting, in part, the business model many universities are following: classes are considered services, and parents are eager to get their money's worth from their children's education. Students feel pressure from their parents to get practical use from their courses. This could make sense for an engineering course, but in my field, creative writing, which rarely trains up excellent 21-year-old writers, it is more difficult to provide the results that the career-minded students desire. Then I tried some teaching techniques to change the criticism of those unhappy students to the opposite and improve my student evaluations. My record would accurately reflect a smart, attentive, encouraging teacher. However, I would admit that they loved me simply because I agreed writing should be easy. I know other teachers have done the same thing: teach your heart out to the teachable but be sure to please the unteachable; keep your ratings high, like a politician trying to improve his poll  results. I believe in the struggle. But I still can't help wincing  when I read, \"The instructor is mean.\" \"Marcus is not committed to my work.\" \"This class sucks.\" The business model has taught me that customers are always right. And maybe a few more dissatisfied customers would mean a better learning experience. \n Answer: Because the business model has changed.",
            "output": [
                "Why have the students' expectations for their courses changed?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e1aad88b53df442291f06f4690333a6e",
            "input": "Article: The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made big steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that 80 percent of all human illness are connected with diet and 40 percent of cancer is connected with the diet. Therefore, that food is connected with illness is not a new discovery. In 1940's scientists realized that nitrates , which are often used to keep color1 of meat, and other additives caused cancer. However these additives remain in our food and it becomes more difficult to know which additives are helpful or harmful. Farmers sometimes give drugs to animals not because the animals are ill but because they want to sell the animals at higher prices. For example, farmers try hard to make animals grow big so that they can sell the big animals for more money. Although the Food and Drug Administration has tried again and again to control farmers to do so, farmers go on doing this. \n Answer: Now the scientists can keep the color1 of meat but not that of vegetable.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what has science done to mankind?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-80ca3bd6662f471a9b2d656c514ad743",
            "input": "Article: For the Travel section, writers and editors selected special items to profile from a dozen cities. Brussels: Chocolate. Nearly half the chocolate consumed in the world is eaten in Europe, and Belgium--with average consumption of 14.99 pounds per person a year--certainly covers its fair share. While Brussels, the country's capital, is home to hundreds of chocolate makers, what makes a visit necessary is the rich heritage of traditional chocolate makers. Budapest: Paprika  The job of preparing Hungarian paprika was once considered too dangerous for mothers to do. A woman who touched her children upon returning from work risked burning them, so only the elderly and unmarried were allowed the delicate task of separating the skin from the flesh. But by the early 20thcentury, sweeter varieties and a machine turned paprika into a common feature of all Hungarian cuisine. Lisbon: Tiles  Is there a bluer country than Portugal? The blue sky and Atlantic Ocean embrace the land. The blue moods of Fado, the dark folk music, form the national soundtrack. And all across Portugal, the typically--blue designs of azulejos--ceramic tiles--are spread across churches, castles, palaces, university halls, parks. The result is a beautiful land of Christian saints, Portuguese kings, historical glories, aristocrats  at leisure, seascapes and so on. Madrid: Guitars Walking into one the Madrid's storied guitar makers' workshops can feel like stepping into the past. Curly wood shavings, from the palest pine to ebony, fall onto the floor as artisans  turn some humble wood into works of art. It's painstaking work--all done by hand--with classical guitar models and the methods of making them changing little over the last century. \n Answer: The hot level of Hungarian peppers.",
            "output": [
                "What does the job of preparing Hungarian paprika suggest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e977f05703349a8956a2ff6dacd999e",
            "input": "Article: These days, many passers-by always _ a beggar on the Jiaochangkou Street in Yuzhong District of Chongqing in southwest China. The beggar's name is Xia Haibo, and he was born in Meihe Village, Tianmen City of Hubei Province. Being 25 years old, he is quite a special beggar in some ways -- he doesn't beg on his knees, as other beggars do when begging. Rather, he often stands in the crowded street, either reading a book or thinking about something carefully. He also started a blog on the Internet which has been clicked more than 500,000 times. He likes reading -- he has read many classical Chinese poems. He has kept writing and recently, he has planned to publish his writings. In 1998, Xia entered Tianmen Middle School as the best student in his town. However, a year before he took the college entrance examination, he came down with a high fever and was later diagnosed   as having rheumatoid arthritis  . In order to treat his disease, his father borrowed 60,000 yuan from relatives and friends. However, with this money, he didn't recover from the disease. He did not want to become a burden   to his family any more. So in July, 2006, he left his hometown and went to Wuhan to make a living by begging. Begging has become a job to Xia now. However, he doesn't plan to go on living like this. \"By July 24, 2008, when I have been begging for two years, I will stop my begging life. I promise,\" he said. It is his plan that by using the money he \"earns\", he will rent a small shop in his hometown and keep on writing in his spare time. Right now, he is trying to finish a book of his own. The book, called Love Is With Me, tells about the people who helped him during his begging life. \n Answer: In 2006.",
            "output": [
                "When did Xia Haibo get the serious illness?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c6a003433ad04fca912abfbe206f80b7",
            "input": "Article: \"I would say, no matter what people tell you, anything can happen.\" That's the message Internet singer Austin Mahone says at We Day, an event for young people in Canada. When he was 14,Austin and a friend began uploading pop songs to musical websites.\"I was just doing it because we had nothing to do, living in a small town.\" \"I'd check different websites for the hottest songs, and I'd record my own videos,\" he explains. \"That's how people began to find me online.\"His videos got millions of hits and he signed with a record company. The result was the release of Austin's first album,Junior Year. While it seems like a sudden rise for the teenager, Austin admits the early days were not always fun. He says a lot of people thought badly of him for posting his videos online. Yet _ didn't put him off.\"I kept working hard. \"And the hits on his videos kept coming. Austin's achievement and spirit make him a perfect fit for the message of We Day. After all, Free the Children, the creator of the event, was founded to \"enable youth to make changes.\" Even Austin's unusual rise by way of the Internet fits with the way Free The children works and raises money. Because of Austin, his four million followers will learn about Free the Children. While Austin's presence certainly helps We Day, it's good for him, too. Austin gets to show himself as someone who volunteers his time and talent for a worthy cause and show that he cares about making the world a better place. \n Answer: He was bored with his life there.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Austin put pop songs on musical websites?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ba8ebe85b21d4e32aadfc0b82c16b8e2",
            "input": "Article: Rachel Carson, born in rural Pennsylvania in 1907, had a great impact on the environment. Carson earned a master's degree in zoology in 1932. It was as a writer and not as a research scientist, however, that she made her mark, sharing her view that human beings are just one element in a larger natural order. In the articles on natural history Carson wrote for various publications, she expressed dry facts in poetic and persuasive language. She wrote five books. Two of them, The Sea Around Us and The Edge of the Sea, have been called \"biographies of the ocean.\" Carson also made the world aware of how scientific discoveries can harm as well as help living things. In her best-selling book Silent Spring, Carson challenged the _ use of chemical pesticides by large agricultural and government organizations. She was the first to detail how the pesticide DDT had entered the food chain and damaged populations of bald eagles, falcons, and brown pelicans by causing the shells of their eggs to become so thin that they could not withstand the weight of the parent bird. Carson died of cancer in 1964. Today, the Rachel Carson Council collects and disseminates   information on pesticide-related issues. In 1970, the Rachel Carson Wildlife Refuge, a large area of salt marsh and freshwater habitat in Maine, was dedicated to her memory. \n Answer: Carson wrote books that the average person could understand.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following inferences is correct ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac912b675586401c9275936b2863bfb2",
            "input": "Article: Leeds Castle is in Kent, England. 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Maidstone. It is built on islands in a lake formed by the River Len to the cast of the village of Leeds. It has been open to the public since 1976. Opening time: April to September. 10:00--18:00 October to March: 10:00~17:00 Tickets:Tickets are valid for one year from date of purchase giving free repeat visits to the Castle, grounds and attractions. Excludes special ticketed events and Christmas Day. Adult tickets: PS24 single Child tickets: PS16 single (4~15 years old) Kid ticket: free (under 4) Transportation: Coach or express: National Express from London to Leeds Castle directly Train: Any train from southern cities to Bearsted. transfer by Spot Travel to Leeds Castle. 15 minutes' ride, goes by each hour. The Upstairs Tour: Thursday 21st April, 11:30am See the State bedrooms, not normally on show to the public. Hear about the guests of the roaring 1920s. see the bedroom where Edward and Simpson stayed and where Pavarotti was accommodated during his visit. Price: PS5 per person. A valid entrance ticket is required per person Embroidery  Taster Workshop: Sunday 5th June, 10:30am Learn the basics with expert supervision from members of the Embroiderers Association and sew your own small piece of embroidery to lake home and frame to turn into a cushion or handmade greeting card. Price: PS20 per person. A valid entrance ticket is required per person. Includes refreshments and all materials. \n Answer: PS40.",
            "output": [
                "How much should an adult with a child pay to enter Leeds Castle?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-656a7451be3348f2b73b4f67fd8a8283",
            "input": "Article: A portable lung which could help those with breathing problems lead a normal life is being developed by scientists. The Swansea University scientists say it could take many years before the device  , the size of a spectacle box   , is available . Lung patients , who have seen how it would work , have welcomed the research. Its research suggests that one person in every seven in the UK is affected by lung disease---- this equates to approximately 8 million people. As of 6 March 2009, 217 people were on the waiting list for a lung transplant  according to figures by NHS Blood and Transplant . Now scientists in Swansea are developing a portable artificial lung which could transform   the lives of patients . Researchers claim that in the long term the device could offer an alternative to lung transplant , giving hope to those who suffer from conditions such as emphysema  and cystic fibrosis. The device mimics the function of a lung---by getting oxygen into and carbon dioxide out of the blood stream . Professor Bill Johns came up with the idea after his son died of Cystic Fibrosis . It is important that we make something that will help people , who instead of being confined   to a wheelchair with an oxygen bottle , can actually walk around and do things for themselves , he said. Although the research has been welcomed by leading charities  , caution has also been voiced over the length of time it will take before a portable lung will become available . \"We have to stress that this is several years away from being used , even in a trial stage,\" said Chris Mulholland , head of the British Lung Foundation. Patient Elizabeth Spence from Swansea has been refused the double lung transplant she needs but remains hopeful that one day the new device could save her . \" My body will reject the lungs , so this possibly could be an answer--- another way of getting new lungs without actually having the transplant,\" she said. \n Answer: It was once on display",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about the portable lung would the author agree?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7307f68b688a4ca28b5dd512deddba78",
            "input": "Article: To get cash out in the 21st century, you won't need a bank card, a PIN  or even have to move a finger. You will simply have to look the cash machine straight in the eye, declares National Cash Registers, a multinational company that makes automated teller machines, or ATMs. NCR has shown its first example machine that is believed to be the future of banking. Instead of asking you for your PIN on a screen, the Super Teller-Stella for short, asks you orally through a loudspeaker to look straight ahead while an infrared camera turns to your head, then your eye, and finally takes an infrared photograph of your iris . For identification  purposes, an iris picture is better than a fingerprint, with around 256 noticeable characteristics compared with 40 for fingerprints. This means that the chances of someone else being recognized in your place is about 1 in 1020. Once you've been identified, Stella greets you by name and says: \"Would you like cash or a statement?\" An infrared port allows the machine to send a bank statement straight to your pocket computer. \n Answer: National Cash Register",
            "output": [
                "What does this passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-12b70ee857724201a5e72c9a8b946fa8",
            "input": "Article: More perhaps than any other European nation, the Swiss are accustomed to looking after foreign travelers. As early as the 18th century, wealthy French, Germans and Italians were treating the country as a amusement center while, in the 19th century, it became the major holiday playground for the British nobles. Today, it attracts visitors from all over the world. The Swiss are clear about the importance of tourism to their economy, which contributes about eight percent of Gross National Product, and helps the industry greatly. Managers of hotels the world over go to Switzerland to learn how to do the job, and a generally high standard can be expected from the great majority of the country's hotels, most of which are small and pride themselves on a personalized service. Public transport is the best in Europe. Both the Swiss Federal railways and the private railways are fully electrified, and the total network is made up of about 5000 kilometers of track. Under the Fly Baggage system passengers can check luggage in at 116 railway stations and have it automatically carried to their flight. The national highway system is equally well planned, and the mountain roads offer views of some of the country's most breathtaking scenery. Also serving the mountains is an effective system of railways and cable ways, while more than 160 passenger cars cross the lakes and rivers to and fro. Hiking in the mountains is equally popular with Swiss nationals and foreign visitors. For those who want to view the country from a height without having to climb the mountain themselves, it is always possible to take in the view from a balloon. \n Answer: The hotels in Swizerland are accustomed to learn from the world.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3bdd62860bff4e528a9467476035d87b",
            "input": "Article: Grandpa was a carpenter  . One day he was making some boxes for the clothes his church was sending to an orphanage   in Egypt. On his way home, he reached into his shirt pocket to find his glasses, but they were gone. He drove back to the church, but his search turned out to be fruitless. Suddenly, he realized what happened. The glasses had slipped out of his pocket and fallen into one of the boxes, which he had nailed shut. His new glasses were heading for Africa! Grandpa had six children and he had paid twenty dollars for the glasses that morning. \"It's not fair,\" he told God as he drove home. \"I've been very faithful   in giving my time and money to YOUR work.\" Several months later, the director of the orphanage was on holiday in the United States. He wanted to visit all the churches that helped him in Egypt, so he came to speak on Sunday night at my grandfather's small church in Chicago. \"But most of all,\" he said, \"I must thank you for the glasses you sent last year. You see, I had just broken my glasses. Then your boxes arrived. To my surprise, I found a pair of glasses in it and it fit me very well!\" The people listened, happy for the amazing glasses, but thought that the man must have confused their church with another. There were no glasses on their list of items to be sent overseas. Sitting quietly in the back, with tears in his eyes, Grandpa realized that God had played a big trick on him. \n Answer: In the box he made.",
            "output": [
                "Where were Grandpa's glasses lost?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c3ca4f9027244a41bf8016cc057a7f45",
            "input": "Article: On the way to California, my family stopped for lunch. As we walked toward the entrance to the restaurant, a man with a dirty face jumped up from a chair, opened the door for us and greeted us in a friendly way. Once inside, my daughters said in a low voice, \"Mom, he smells.\" After we ordered our lunch, I explained, telling the kids to look beyond the dirt. Seeing this rudeness truly upset me, I wanted to set a good example to my children, but sometimes being a good example was difficult. When our meal arrived, I realized I had left the car-sick pills in the truck. With the windiest trip ahead, the kids needed them, so Iwent back to the car for them. Just then, the \"doorman\" was opening the door for me, I said a loud \"thank you\" to him as I exited. When I returned, we talked a bit. He said he was not allowed inside unless he bought food. I went back and told my family his situation. Then I asked our waitress to add one soup and sandwich. The kids looked puzzled, but when I said the order was for the \"doorman\", they smiled. When it was time to continue our trip, I noticed the \"doorman\" enjoying his meal. Upon seeing me, he stood up and thanked me heartily. He then lifted his hand for a handshake and I gratefully accepted. I suddenly noticed the tears in his eyes-tears of gratitude  . What happened next drew great astonishment: I gave the \"doorman\" a hug. Back in truck, I fell into deep thought. While we can't choose many things in life, we can choose when to show gratitude. I said thanks to a man who had simply helped open a door for me, and also said thanks for that opportunity to teach my children by example. \n Answer: dislike",
            "output": [
                "What attitude did the children show to the doorman at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-35aceaeb0f994c5290c2589687c3d251",
            "input": "Article: Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they'll change America. Rightly so. But selfishly, I'm more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world's attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African woman they so rarely see. Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The widespread theory seems to be that we're all hot-tempered single mothers who can't keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can't escape the stereotype   of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic mothers. These images have helped define the way all black women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself. It won't be easy. Because few mainstream publications   have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all. Just as she will have her critics, she will have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they'd like to see Michelle bring to the White House -- mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone -- an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise  , confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that's been around far too long. \n Answer: She will pay close attention to the interests of African-American   women.",
            "output": [
                "Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1bd590b63b484b9f957bbb9ca65bf285",
            "input": "Article: The world is filled with smart, talented, educated and gifted people. We meet them every day. A few days ago, my car was not running well. I pulled it into a garage and the young mechanic had it fixed in just a few minutes. He knew what was wrong by simply listening to the engine. I was amazed. The sad truth is, great talent is not enough. I am constantly shocked at how little talented people earn. I heard the other day that less than 5 percent of Americans earn more than $100, 000 a year. A business consultant who specializes in the medical trade was telling me how many doctors and dentists struggle financially. It was this business consultant who gave me the phrase, \"They are one skill away from great wealth.\" There is an old saying that goes, \"Job means' just over broke  ' \". And unfortunately, I would say that the saying applies to millions of people. Because school does not think financial intelligence is intelligence, most workers\" _ \". They work and they pay the bills. Instead I recommend to young people to seek work for what they will learn, more than what they will earn. When I ask the classes I teach, \"How many of you can cook a better hamburger than McDonald's?\" almost all the students raise their hands. I then ask, \"So if most of you can cook a better hamburger, how come McDonald's makes more money than you?\" The answer is obvious: McDonald's is excellent at business systems. The reason so many talented people are poor is because they focus on bui1ding a better hamburger and know little or nothing about business systems. The world is filled with talented poor people. They focus on perfecting their skills at building a better hamburger rather than the skills of selling and delivering the hamburger. \n Answer: They lack financial intelligence.",
            "output": [
                "Why do talented people earn so little according to the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d919382ea23547f4bdba0d4b323ea5d7",
            "input": "Article: The increase in tuition fees has led to a \"clear drop\" in the number of English students applying for university places this autumn. There are 15,000 \"missing\" applicants  this academic year, according to the Independent Commission on Fees. Chairman Will Hutton said: \"We're asking our young men and women to have more debt than any other country in the world -- it's higher than the average debt in the US. It's not clear whether those lost students this year will return next year, or if it's a storm warming of a worrying trend.\" But the commission's report says there does not seem to be an impact on poorer communities. The commission found there was no significant change in the application rate to the key universities, such as Oxford or Cambridge. The decline  in England has not been mirrored  in other parts of the UK where fees have not been raised, and the drop can only partly be explained by falling numbers of young people in the population. Students from Scotland attending Scottish universities do not pay fees, while the Welsh Assembly says it will pay fees above PS3,465 for Welsh students attending UK institutions. The average tuition fee at English universities this year is PS 8,385, rising to PS 8,507 next year. UK and EU students have access to government-backed loans to pay the fees. And the survey of 1,000 pupils aged 15-18, carried out this April, found that the majority expected to go on to higher education as people continue to understand that university remains a good long term investment  in their future. A spokeswoman at the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills which is responsible for universities, said: \"Students shouldn't be forced to put off going to university for financial reasons. Most students will not have to pay in advance, and no one will have to start paying back their student loan until they start to earn at least PS 2l,000 per year.\" \n Answer: Because Welsh students will pay fees abovePS3,465.",
            "output": [
                "Why is there still a drop of applicants though fees have not been raised?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dc65e391c5174545911e9105513fba48",
            "input": "Article: Jealousy is a very common problem in daily life. It's everywhere. For example, if someone does better than you, you will get annoyed because you want to be No. 1. We may become jealous of a best friend's top marks in an exam, or of the girl in art class who is praised by the teacher all the time. We get annoyed because these good things are happening to someone else but not to us.    It's bad to feel jealous. We should be pleased with the things we have. But we still wish we had the money of this person and the talent of that person. Instead of sharing their happiness, we just feel jealous and unhappy with ourselves. And, too often, these feelings are expressed by  _ the people weenvy.    However, envy is also a kind of compliment to others. We see that other people have styles and talents different from our own. By comparing ourselves with others, we can know what we lack. And we can turn this comparison, the envy of others, into a kind of power.    Therefore, being a bit jealous of others lets us know what we are like and what we want to be like. It can push us to become what we really want to be. ,A, B, C, D. (3,1.5,4.5) \n Answer: It makes us know what we are like and what we want to be like.",
            "output": [
                "What should be the right attitude towards jealousy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e1832038eae44882a27136543ec49bc6",
            "input": "Article: Sparrow is a fast-food chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago, the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. With more and more fast-food concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required. Sparrow failed to grow for another two years. Until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign. Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand. The chain's owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy's restaurants. Pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun. Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time. Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers' speeding power. Finally, the owner accepted his idea. The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry. The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intention was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers. Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image. For example, he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover   . These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast-food chains in the regions where it operated. \n Answer: Most of its restaurants were closed",
            "output": [
                "Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ad5557c9c0141d396fb3bdd06556fe4",
            "input": "Article: The rumors had been spreading for months but it still came as a shock when the hospital would be closing. It had served this poor neighborhood for nearly 100 years but it would close because of the health care crisis.  The day after the announcement co-workers found out that pretzels  had been  _ . Soft pretzels are the lifeblood of this city. So losing access to soft pretzels is no small matter. A week later, I decided to cheer up my co-workers by picking up some soft pretzels at a local store. I arrived just as it opened so I was the only customer. But I only had $6 in my wallet. I was working inside a large office at the hospital and knew I'd need more than the half dozen pretzels my six dollars would buy. A man's voice interrupted my thoughts. \"Can I help you?\"  I said, \"I only have $6. I'm not sure how many pretzels I need. You see, I work at a hospital and it's closing and they stopped selling pretzels.\" The man's smile disappeared. \"What hospital?\" \"Oh, Northeastern Hospital.\"  The guy looked deeply shocked. \"I used to sell medical supplies and that was one of my hospitals.\" Then he turned around and grabbed a box of 25 pretzels and slid them across the counter.  I was surprised by his generosity and started to reach for my wallet, \"Oh I can pay. Please let me ...\" The guy smiled, \"Just tell them Joe Sullivan said to do something nice for someone else.\"  And so that day everyone in medical records was treated to a soft pretzel. Word spread fast as people came asking, \"Is it really true?\" It was as if I'd carried in a box of gold. It mattered to them that a stranger cared. \n Answer: To make them feel less sad.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author decide to buy pretzels for his co-workers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-114168ce76c14ff48bcb35c422a2866f",
            "input": "Article: These are some signs that you can see on the roads of Great Britain. Number one is a sign with the number thirty on it. When drivers see this sign they must not go at more than thirty miles an hour. We see this sign when we get to parts of the country where there are many houses and other buildings, for example, when we are getting near a town. Thirty miles an hour is the speed limit. Number two is sign for the end of the speed limit. We are out of the town now and may go at more than thirty miles an hour. Number three is a sign that we are near a crossroads, that is, a place where two roads cross. We must drive carefully. Number four is a sign that there is a bend in the road. Again, we must drive slowly and carefully. Number five is a sign that there is a hill and number six is a sign that the roads get narrow. Drivers must go slowly and carefully. Number seven has the word \"school\" on it. This is a sign that there is a school at the side of a street or road. Perhaps there are children going to school or leaving school. So drivers must look carefully and go slowly until they are past the school building. Number eight is a sign with the letter P on it. The letter P is for \"parking.\" A parking place is a place where drivers may leave their cars. If the driver of a car wants to leave his car and go to the shops, he looks for this sign. Then he knows that he may leave his or her car there. \n Answer: People who are learning to drive.",
            "output": [
                "Who will most probably read the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc5017c04ca54156a55494701dca89c3",
            "input": "Article: When I was six years old, my mom told me that I could find anyone's number in the phone book. I used to look through the phone book for hours trying to find Michael Jordan's phone number. When I couldn't find it, I just dialed seven numbers. When someone answered, I'd ask, \"Is that Michael Jordan?\" Obviously, I always had the wrong number. A year later I started playing basketball at my local recreation center. It was very big. I never thought in my wildest dreams that a basketball court could be inside a building. The recreation center had a special smell in it, sort of like hot rubber. I guessed it was from the shoes hitting the floor so fast and hard. The atmosphere on the court was carefree. Our biggest excitement of the day was when we actually made a shot. We celebrated wins over ice cream at a fast food restaurant. I got good at it, and my confidence grew. I played it all the time until the sixth grade. As soon as junior high school came, I stopped playing basketball and focused on school. When senior high school started, I tried out for the school team and made it. We worked hard. Every week we did 300 push-ups and 300 sit-ups on our own. Our coach encouraged the sit-ups to keep stomach power, because it gave us so much control when we were playing basketball. If we didn't want to do the sit-ups and push-ups, we could practice dribbling   and shooting more. It's just us, the ball, the court and the net. But don't take my word for it. See for yourself. After all, I'm just one kid playing the game. \n Answer: That there was a basketball court inside the building.",
            "output": [
                "What surprised the author most at the recreation center?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-147cda75261144f48ce722857ae6da1e",
            "input": "Article: People often say that money talks. They mean that a person with a lot of money can say how he or she wants things done. But it is not easy to earn enough money to gain this kind of power. Ask anyone in business. They will tell you that it is a jungle out there. The expression probably began because a jungle is filled with wild animals and unknown dangers that threaten people. People in business have to be careful if they are to survive the jungle out there. They must not be led into making bogus investments. Bogus means something that is not real. Nobody is sure how the word got started. But it began to appear in American newspapers in the 1800s. A newspaper in Boston, Massachusetts, said the word came from a criminal whose name was Borghese. Borghese wrote checks to people although he did not have enough money in the bank. After he wrote the checks, he would disappear. So, people who were paid with his checks received nothing. The newspaper said Americans shortened and changed the criminal's name Borghese to Bogus. People trying to earn money must be also aware of the risk of being ripped off. A writer for a magazine said he first saw the expression used in 1971. It was on a sign that a student carried during a protest demonstration at a university. The message on the sign was that the student felt cheated. To be successful, a person in business works hard and tries to get down to brass tacks. This expression means to get to the bottom or the most important part of something. For example, a salesman may talk about his product without saying the price. You get down to brass tacks when you say, \"it sounds good, but how much does it cost?\" Word expert Charles Funk thinks the expression comes from sailors on ships. They clean the bottom of a boat. When they have removed all the dirt, they are down to the copper pieces that hold the ship together. So, if we get down to brass tacks, we can prevent rip-offs and bogus ways of earning money in that jungle out there. And, some good luck will help, too. \n Answer: Because the rich tend to decide a thing.",
            "output": [
                "Why do people say money talks?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-470ee33a7ae2476d87aeaf3e152905da",
            "input": "Article: People think what I do is so wonderful because I interview stars. And I have to admit that when I first started working at Sassy in 1987 I was excited about that part of my job for the first couple of months,anyway. Then I noticed how stars would fool me around for months. I could never get enough time with a star to find out anything interesting, and some acted just simply rudely. I started hating the way I was treated, and I was really disappointed to see that these people I had worshipped  before were pretty ordinary. So I decided I would just tell the truth instead of keeping up their myths .If the star was a bad guy, I would say so. If I thought anyone was stupid, I did not hold back that information. I thought readers would appreciate that kind of honesty. Surprisingly, many of them hated me for it. I have gotten so many attacks on my character. In their eyes,being famous is everything, even more desirable than being truly creative and talented Why do we need stars? In fact, the media created stars to satisfy our basic need for gossip  .Over time, talking about people we have never met and we are never likely to meet has become what we are crazy about. Thus, some people are more interested in the personal lives of the stars than in the lives of their own family and their own friends. That is why it is so ridiculous when a star wants to discuss only his or her work in an interview -as we care. We want the dirt on their personal lives. There is another reason we worship stars. As a whole, our society is not as religious as it once was. It seems that people need something to fulfill them the way religion once did. Star worship exists as an unfulfilling desire for true heroes. We make them stars, but then their reputation makes us feel unimportant, and we truly feel better about ourselves when they die. I am part of this whole process. No wonder I feel soiled at the end of workday. \n Answer: They are usually honest and polite,",
            "output": [
                "What are the stars like according to the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e2e098b507b947e0ba45cdc416f057a7",
            "input": "Article: Consumers at the Whale Inside Dark Restaurant are led by a waiter with night - vision Goggles . Inside Dark Restaurant in prefix = st1 /Beijing, a table of 30 diners was getting quarrelsome.\"I'm touching your head!\"said one, like a talkative child. \"Who just said that?\"another replied. Such voices floated across the 90-plus-seat restaurant, but no one could see who was talking, except the waiters, who were equipped with military-grade night-vision goggles.        In the new conceptual dining, restaurants are turning off the lights to focus attention on the food. The trend seems to have started inZurichand has since spread all over the world, with diners sitting in _ rooms and, lately, being served by waiters in night-vision goggles. The idea is that by depriving  one sense (sight), other senses are heightened.         Darkness has other benefits. ''Chinese people tend to be shy,'' said Chen Long, who owns Whale Inside Dark, which opened in January. ''People have found it easy to break the ice here.''        The first dark restaurant, which opened inZurichin 1999, had a simple intention. The goal ''was creating jobs for the blind and handicapped people,'' said the manager. The concept has been popular in Paris, London,Sydneyand elsewhere, offering new variations on sight deprivation, by which people can experience a lot in a completely dark condition.        In Beijing, the Whale Inside Dark Restaurant is not only about heightening the sense of taste, but lowering social inhibitions . It is popular with Internet daters, who met on matchmaking Web sites that are spreading throughout China. Diner for two is about 225 yuan, or $29 at 7.76 yuan to the dollar.        Eating in the dark is not without its troubles. Instead of family-style dining, food is served on single-serving plates. When each dish arrives, the server guides your hand to the plate and offers helpful tips like, ''This course is eaten with a spoon.''        The style seems to be working . ''People feel a lot more comfortable when they can't be seen by others,'' said Mr. Chen, who is opening a second branch in Shang-hai, ''Couples get to know each other without seeing other's faces.'' \n Answer: Dining in the dark",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dbf8a8a7b2fb4c249ad04a9bf093e515",
            "input": "Article: Police Officer Tidwell left the station after 8 a.m. on Sunday. He was looking forward to his day of rest. By habit he took a short cut down the path behind prefix = st1 /Digby Hall Road. Suddenly he saw a man climbing down a drain-pipe from an open bedroom window of number 29. Quietly Tidwell walked into the garden. The man had just reached the ground when he felt his arm grasped. \"It seems an unlikely adventure. Would you mind explaining? \" said the officer. The man was frightened, saying, \"I know what's on your mind, officer, but it is a mistake. \"  \"It's part of my job to take an interest in unusual events. I think you've just left this house in a manner other than the customary one. \" Tidwell took out his notebook and a pen. \"Name, address and your job and then, please, tell me your story.\"  \"Charlie Crane, Lorry Driver, from Nottingham, 51 Brecon Street. My story...\" \"Yes, What were you doing, Mr. Crane?\"  \"Well, I had a breakdown yesterday and had to stay here until it was fixed. Bed and breakfast. The landlady is Mrs. Fern. She gave me breakfast at seven, and I was out here in the right way and down at the lorry park. It was only when I felt for a cigarette that I realised I'd left 80 pounds under the pillow. It's my habit to put my money under the pillow at night.\"  \"I see. Have you paid Mrs. Fern?\"  \"I'd paid her last night. So I came back, but it's Sunday, and she'd gone back to bed. Could I wake her? I rang the bell and knocked on the door for ten minutes before I came here and found my bedroom window still open. Up I went, then, up this pipe. The money was still there. I hope you believe it because...\"  \"Mr. Crane, what are you doing here? I thought you'd gone an hour ago.\" It was Mrs. Fern, speaking from the kitchen window. \n Answer: He chose to go that way by chance.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Tidwell walking along the path behind Digby Hall Road?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-92d516fd194a4c42aef3d845dc6a9528",
            "input": "Article: Of all the things our wisdom tells us will make life entirely happy, the greatest is the possession of friendship. One loyal friend is worth ten thousand relatives. Friends are very rare jewels, indeed. They make you smile and encourage you to succeed. On the first Sunday in August, it's time to recognize your friends and their contribution to your life. The first Sunday in August was fixed as National Friendship Day by the U.S. Congress in 1935, and remains a tradition observed in many countries and cultures. In 1997, the United Nations named Winnie the Pooh as the world's Ambassador of Friendship. Apparently, there are several friendship holidays, all of which fall on fixed dates. National Friendship Day is on the first Sunday in August Women's Friendship Day is on the third Sunday in September International Friendship Month is February Old Friends, New Friends Week is the third week of May People show their appreciation for friendship in various ways. Some expressions may be practical ones, such as flowers, particularly the pink friendship roses, cookies, chocolates, souvenirs from their vacations, a tape of favorite songs, farewell dinners, and welcome balloons. Recipe for Friendship  2 cups of patience, 1 heart full of love, 2 handfuls of generosity, 2 cups of loyalty, 1 cup of understanding, A dash of laughter. Mix them all well. Spray generously over a lifetime and serve everyone you meet. Friendship helps to bring peace and positivity to the globe, another great reason to celebrate! Although our friends certainly deserve thanks on more than just one day of the year, what better day to honor them than Friendship Day!! \n Answer: Old Friends, New Friends Week.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the holidays happens first in a year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d7f2efa325b540a8bff7c2028b0ec884",
            "input": "Article: As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education,so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population.Ideally,both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles. High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might,or than many other nations currently offer,creating a growing skills gap in our economy.We encourage students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not,or have a clear sense of purpose or interest,and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world. We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training,as well as the development of a work ethic and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development. Meanwhile,the liberal arts become more important than ever.In a knowledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positions that may not even exist yet,the skillneeded is one that prepares them for change and continued learning. Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech,knowing how to find information,and knowing how to do research are all solid background skills for a wide variety of roles,and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college.We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime. Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions.The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated by parental involvement in the college years.Given the rising investment in college education,parental concern is not surprising,but learning where and when to intervene willhelp students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations. \n Answer: It prepares students to meet the future needs of society.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of education does the author think is ideal?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7a9d57e42c544b2cba94c044f91dcba8",
            "input": "Article: Vitamin E can be found naturally in different foods including milk, eggs, green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds and whole-grain foods. The body's daily requirement of vitamin E can also be met by vitamin E pills. There are several health benefits of vitamin E for our body.  Vitamin E is important in protecting the cells of the skin from strong sunlight, pollution, drugs and so on. Vitamin E behaves like a regulator . It has the ability to regulate vitamin A in the body, which is an important vitamin for healthy skin. Vitamin E oil for skin is good for making skin recover from various damages caused to the skin, because of burn, etc. What's more, regular use of vitamin E oil helps in the prevention of skin cancer. How does vitamin E benefit the heart? A large number of studies have proved that vitamin E reduces the risk of heart diseases. Another has also shown that regular intake of vitamin E lowers the rate of death because of heart diseases. In addition, it has been proved that vitamin E oil benefits hair. It's suggested that you massage  your skin on the head regularly with vitamin E oil for hair. Vitamin E also helps prevent signs of becoming old such as graying of hair and hair loss. Now, you may want to start taking vitamin E. However it's advised to consult your health care doctor about the amount that you take at one time, so that you can gain enough benefits from vitamin E. \n Answer: It can prevent a person's hair from graying and keep it black forever.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about vitamin E?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-920fcfb35a364caaa6b945c24a26f067",
            "input": "Article: Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child.Last spring one of the two,Australia,gave up the bad distinction by setting up paid family leave starting in 2011.I wasn't surprised when this didn't make the news here in the United States--we're now the only wealthy country without such a policy. The United States does have one explicit family policy,the Family and Medical Leave Act,passed in 1993.It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks' unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem.Despite the modesty of the benefit,the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly,describing it as \"government-run personnel management\" and a \"dangerous precedent .\" In fact,every step of the way,as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law,business groups have been strongly opposed. As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues,justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that,in some sense,society must pay for.Parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is \"no exit\" when it comes to children.Society expects--and needs--parents to provide their children with continuity of care.And society expects--and needs--parents to persist in their roles for 18 years,or longer if needed. \n Answer: The opposition from business circles.",
            "output": [
                "What makes it hard to take work-family balance measures in the States?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c81401dbe6f145d4a62bd8cb18ed8502",
            "input": "Article: Magic is believed to have begun with the Egyptians, in 1700 BC. A magician named Dedi of Dedsnefu was reported to have performed for the pharaoh, or the king. He was also known to have entertained the slaves who built the pyramids. The \"Cups and Balls\" trick which he was particularly good at is still performed by magicians all over the world today. The ancient Greeks and Romans were also fascinated by the idea of magic. Actually, one of their main interests was the art of deception . This explains why at that time the priests  even built magic devices into their temples. These devices made it possible for doors to open by themselves and wine to flow magically out of statues' mouths. This was done mainly to convince people that the priests were powerful. Magic, however, was not well accepted before the 1800s. Magicians were thought of as freaks  and were only allowed to perform in a circus . It was in the 19th century that the magician Robert Houdin came along and changed people's views and attitudes about magic. It was also because of Robert Houdin that many magicians were able to add Dr. or MD to their names. Today magicians try hard to find new ways to show their practiced skills. Magic is now entertainment for families all over the world. \n Answer: The History of Magic",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9f348aa9568d4d1f9e1f972e8fe031ac",
            "input": "Article: The Man Booker Prize for Fiction is awarded for a novel written by a writer from the Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland and it aims to represent the very best in contemporary fiction. The prize was originally called the Booker-McConnell Prize, which was the name of the company that sponsored it, though it was better-known as simply the 'Booker Prize'. In 2002, the Man Group became the sponsor and they chose the new name, keeping 'Booker'. Publishers can submit books for consideration for the prize, but the judges can also ask for books to be submitted that they think should be included. Firstly, the Advisory Committee gives advice if there have been any changes to the rules for the prize and selects the people who will judge the books. The judging panel changes every year and usually a person is only a judge once. Great efforts are made to ensure that the judging panel is balanced in terms of gender  and professions within the industry, so that a writer, a critic, an editor and an academic are chosen along with a well-known person from wider society. However, when the panel of judges has been decided, they are left to make their own decisions. Meanwhile, the prize sponsor has no further right to take part in any more. The Man Booker judges include critics, writers and academics to maintain the consistent quality of the prize and its influence is such that the winner will almost certainly see the sales increase considerably, in addition to thePS50,000 that comes with the prize. \n Answer: Judges.",
            "output": [
                "Who can submit books to the prize?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d1dcdd5c2a84e848bca0f5b5f0b6e03",
            "input": "Article: If you could take a large snapshot   of everyone in the United States today, it would contain six minion more females than males. In this country, women outlive men by about seven years. Throughout the modern world, cultures are different, diets are different, ways of life and causes of death are different, but one thing is the same--- women outlive men. It starts before birth. At conception, male fetuses  outnumber female by about 110 to 100; at birth, the rate has already fallen to about 105 boys to every 100 girls. By the age of 30, there are only enough men left to match the number of women. Then women start taking a lead.  Beyond the age of 80, there are nearly twice as many women as men. \"If you look at the top ten or twelve causes of death,\" said Deborah Wingard, a disease expert at the University of California at San Diego, \"every single one kills more men.\" She listed out one sad fate after another - heart disease, lung cancer and so on. Each kills men at roughly twice the rate of that it does women. More than a century ago American men surpassed and outlived the women. But in the 20th century, women began living longer,  primarily because pregnancy  and giving birth to children had become less dangerous. The gap grew steadily. In 1946, for the first time ever in the United States, females outnumbered males. Parts of the reasons are self-made. Men smoke more, drink more and take more life-threatening chances than women. Men are murdered (usually by other men) three times as often as women are. They commit suicide at a higher rate and have more than twice as many fatal car accidents as women do. Men are likely to be involved in alcohol-related deaths. But behavior doesn't explain away the longevity gap. Today, some scientists studying the gender gap believe that the data point to one conclusion Mother Nature may be partial  to women. Every living thing is assembled according to instructions on its chromosomes  , and humans have 23 pairs of them. But in males, one of these is a weak non-matching pair, expressed by \"xy\". The agreement pair in females is \"xx\", and its genetic \"backup\" power is sometimes listed as a clue to woman's superior restoring force.  If the male's single \"x\" chromosome isn't perfect, it is possible for a serious genetic disorder to appear. Some blood diseases, for instance, are diseases caused by a shortcoming in a single gene on the \"x\" chromosome. They are far more common in males than females. \n Answer: Two.",
            "output": [
                "How many exact diseases are mentioned as examples killing twice men than women?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d477721882b446fb8417bac54547eb7c",
            "input": "Article: Americans are less inclined to get married than at any time in US history, posing social and public-policy dilemmas and the threatening to dissolve the \"glue\" that connects fathers to their children, experts say. A report released by the US National Marriage Project found \"a rather weakening of the institution of marriage\" in America. The researchers said the prefix = st1 /USmarriage rate has never been lower, births to unmarried women have skyrocketed, the divorce rate remains high and Americans' marriages are less happy than in the past. \"There is no known society that has got along without marriage and has done a decent job in rearing and sponsoring the next generation,\" said Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, US National Marriage Project co-director. The crumbling of the institution of marriage should not be viewed as a kind social trend with no costs to society at large, added the project's other co-director, David Popenoe. US government statistics cited in the Rutgers report detail a crisis in marriage whose origins can be traced back about 40 years. The report, citing census data ,said the marriage rate has quickly reduced by a third since 1960. It said there were about 73 marriages per 1,000 unmarried women aged 15 and up in 1960. In 1996, the last year for which such figures were available, the rate was about 49 per 1,000. Popenoe said the USmarriage rate now has dropped below a previous historic low recorded at the turn of the century. He said several factors have something to do with the trend. One is that Americans are delaying marriage until they are older. In 1960, the median age for first marriages was 20 for women and 23 for men. In 1997, with many college-educated Americans delaying marriage until their 30s, the median age rose to 25 for women and 27 for men, the report said. \"The later the marriage, by and large, the lower the (overall) marriage rate in the long run. In other words, people delay too long and then they decide not to marry after a while,\" Popenoe said. In addition, many American women, particularly black women, are giving birth and raising children without getting married. In 1960,5.3 percent of all USbabies were born to unwed mothers, according to government statistics. In 1997,32 percent of all babies were born to unmarried women-and a startling 69 percent of black babies had unwed mothers. The percentage of USchildren living without their father present also has ballooned. In 1960, nine percent of children lived in a single-parent household. Last year, 28 percent of all children and 55 percent of all black children lived with a single parent. Children in single-parent households overwhelmingly live with their mothers, with fathers absent. \n Answer: Americans Seem Less Inclined to Get Married Nowadays.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a0a7266e651d4ed3b8e0dbd7154d4554",
            "input": "Article: Learn to Communicate with Others     Talking to Teachers--Teachers are just people behind the desk, living breathing human beings. And they will probably be friendly to people who talk nicely to them. Teachers also seem to get along better with children who take schoolwork seriously and prepare for class. And, just like any other human being, teachers like to be appreciated. The next time your teacher helps you solve a math problem or figure out a science project, say thank you with a smile.     Talking to Parents--Parents can be very supportive if their children ask for help. If you think there's something your parents can do to help you feel more comfortable around people, then ask them. Very often, parents want very much to help, but really don't know what to do. Pick a quiet time of the day and ask to talk. Tell them how you feel. Maybe they had the same trouble when they were kids.     Talking to Strangers--This is always a tough one. How do you deal with a neighbor, or the mail carrier? That often seems to cause arguments between kids and parents. The answer to these questions will vary from kid to kid, from parent to parent because all cultures are different. Some folks live in small towns where a hello to everyone is ok. Then there are kids who live in the city who may have been taught not to speak to anyone they don't know. If you're having trouble with this and always feel awkward in these kinds of situations, you might want to talk to your parents or a teacher about it. \n Answer: kids",
            "output": [
                "Who does the writer write this passage for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e0c0e695d5d452c97f284a7b2ca6b6f",
            "input": "Article: Treatment for HIV has become more widespread, especially in poorer countries. It's also become cheaper, as medicine companies have lowered their prices for life-saving anti-retroviral drugs . But these drugs are still expensive and many countries are looking to create the biggest impact with limited resources. That's where World Health Organization guidelines come in, says Rochelle Walensky, a disease researcher from Harvard. Walensky and her colleagues used computer programs to model the most cost-effective disease interventions , as well as collected data from clinics in Africa and India about what works best. They found that among the choices of what to do first, earlier anti-retroviral therapy  improved five-year survival dramatically and resulted in the longer life expectancy. But cost-effective doesn't always mean affordable, especially for governments in poor countries. Countries still have to make difficult choices about how much treatment they can afford. People in Nairobi, Kenya on Thursday, Dec. 9, 2010, protest a potential free trade area agreement between the EU and India that could see cheap anti-AIDS drugs phased out . However, Walensky notes that first-line anti-retrovirals--those medicine given to newly diagnosed patients that can keep away from symptoms for years - are much cheaper than they were a decade ago. \"Second-line therapy have come down quite a bit but not to the level of first-line and countries are having a hard time affording them and increasingly over time, people are going to fail first-line therapy and they're going second-line therapy and then, eventually, they're going to need third-line therapy, some of them.\" According to Walensky, history has shown that drug prices can come down when international pressure is applied to drug makers. But for now, she says, countries should focus on treating as many people as they can, as early as possible Her paper is published in the online journal PLoS Medicine. \n Answer: Early HIV Treatment Saves Lives",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d75ad0900ec4ab08afb49b91c1908f4",
            "input": "Article: No one can believe that the over 6,300-kilometer Great Wall might disappear some day. Believe it or not, the Great Wall is being destroyed by people. Less than 20 percent of the Great Wall built in the Ming Dynasty ,is still perfect, but about 80 percent is in danger. The Great Wall can be called \" great \" mostly because of its amazing length. But we should realize that the length was made up of one brick at a time. If we do nothing to save the Great Wall,it will become a series of separate wasteland rather than a historic site. The Great Wall is actually a series of walls built and rebuilt by different dynasties over the past 2,000 years. It began in the rule of China's first emperor, Qin Shihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221BC----206BC), and lasted into the Ming Dynasty. The parts built before the Ming Dynasty have nearly disappeared. People are familiar with sections such as Badaling in Beijing and Jiayuguan Pass in Gansu, because they have been open to tourists for many years. But _ have been almost forgotten. Few local people knew the 3--meter--high walls made of earth and stones beside them are parts of the Great Wall. The lack of knowledge is considered as one of the main reasons behind human. The bricks on the Great Wall are carried off by countryside people to build their houses,sheep corrals and pigsties. Some were taken away to build roads. Bricks carved with people's names are put away as remembrances. The rubbish is spread over the battlements. The brick can be sold 15 yuan per tractor load. Those who destroyed and are destroying the Wall know its name, but are not clear about its cultural meaning. It will take a long time to let them know this. The local farmers not only carried off the body of the Wall but also dug out the entire base. It is necessary to protect the Great Wall. First of all, the officials should be aware of the importance of the Great Wall. Young Chinese should know more about the nation's great civilization and learn to love it. \n Answer: Some parts of it are being destroyed.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the writer say the Great Wall might disappear?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-84c7d25607804c56a0d0d8f1ec022584",
            "input": "Article: Most recently, it's very common in students who need a parent present for job interviews. Naturally, it's easy to blame the students in these situations, but the bigger problem is us. We--as parents--are so eager to shelter our kids that we fail to realize that this in itself is harming them.As the mother of two young sons, I have to remind myself constantly that the biggest responsibility I have as a parent is to help them develop the skills needed to live in, to live without me.So, I'll let them fail. I'll let them fail because as long as they are safe and warm inside their comfort zones, they will never grow.And failure -- along with loss, heartbreak, disappointment, etc.-- will be part of growth for them.Call me the anti-tiger mom, but leaving them alone, is my way of helping them become equipped to fit in this world as we know it today.From terrorism and seemingly endless natural disasters, to our national debt and beyond, if we expect the next generation to stand up to the very real problems of our time, we need to stop feeding them and start teaching them how to fish. My children now are becoming little masters of compromise, but they try to negotiate   everything now.It's a small price to help them learn a skill they'll use for the rest of their lives, including when I don't accompany them on job interviews. \n Answer: Because they want to protect their kids from difficulties.",
            "output": [
                "Why do parents accompany their kids on job interviews?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c7207ade478a4301b59c959c6e447809",
            "input": "Article: The death of languages is not a new phenomenon. Languages usually have a relatively short life span as well as a very high death rate. Only a few, including Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, Latin, have lasted more than 2,000 years. What is new, however, is the speed at which they are dying out. Europe's colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity, eliminating at least 15 percent of all languages spoken at the time. Over the last 300 years, Europe has lost a dozen, and Australia has only 20 left of the 250 spoken at the end of the 18th century. The rise of nation-states has also been decisive in selecting and consolidating national languages and sidelining others. By making great efforts to establish an official language in education, the media and the civil service, national governments have deliberately tried to eliminate minority languages. This process of linguistic standardization has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress, which have imposed new methods of communication that are swift, straightforward and practical. Language diversity came to be seen as an obstacle to trade and the spread of knowledge. Monolingualism became an ideal. More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the threat to \"small\" languages. A language not on the Internet is a language that \"no longer exists\" in the modern world. It is out of the game. The serious effects of the death of languages are evident. First of all, it is possible that if we all ended up speaking the same language, our brains would lose some of their natural capacity for linguistic inventiveness. We would never be able to figure out the origins of human language or resolve the mystery of \"the first language\". As each language dies, a chapter of human history closes. Multilingualism is the most accurate reflection of multiculturalism. The destruction of the first will inevitably lead to the loss of the second. Imposing a language without any links to a people's culture and way of life stifles the expression of their collective genius. A language is not only used for the main instrument of human communication. It also expresses the world vision of those who speak it, their ways of using knowledge. To safeguard languages is an urgent matter. \n Answer: The boom of human population",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following does not contribute to the death of languages?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d408bb0cc80e4f369d1a34b4583cd301",
            "input": "Article: The Come-back Coffeehouse The sign in the window read\"Carl's Coffee Shoppe,\"spelled the old-fashioned way.Hallie shook her head and wondered how many times she had suggested an alternative.She entered the shop and saw only one person. \"I could help with the books,Dad\",Hallie offered,\"There's not much you could do.\"Her father signed.\"How about if you clean the counters instead?\"His statement made her feel like a little girl instead of a senior in high school.Hallie sprayed some cleanser and ran a cloth over the worn countertops,After she had washed a few of the old eggshell-color1ed cups,she began her homework.At closing time,Hallie's parents sat beside her.\"You know the shop has not been profitable lately,\"Mr.Rhodes began.\"We need to decide if it is even worth keeping it open.\"\"We're going to visit Uncle Harold over spring vacation.\"Mrs,Rhodes continued.\"He can look over the books and tell us what our options are.You and Aunt Tess will run the shop for the week.\" By spring vacation Hallie was ready for an adventure.Hllie's parents gave some instructions,and said good-bye.Hallie stared absently out the window at the passersby:young people on their way to work,and kids on their school vacation.They were not the same people that her grandpa Carl had served.Suddenly Hallie had an idea.She confided in Aunt Tess,who approved.The two eagerly set to work. At the end of the week,Hallie was coming out from the kitchen when she saw her parents standing in the shop,confused.She smiled as her parents staredat the teens around the counter and the young families seated at the tables. \"Welcome back!\"Hallie swept her arms to present the restaurant'scheerful new decoration.Bright,attractive coverings spread over the tables,and modern posters hung on the walls,while,color1ful mismatched dishes contributed to the pleasant atmosphere.\" I brought board games from home,\"Hallie added excitedly,\"and the bookstore down the street donated the posters.When we talked to our friendsabout what we were doing,they were happy to give us some dishes.\"Hallieheld her breath as she waited for her parents'reaction. \"Everyone certainly seems to like the changes,\"noted Mrs.Rhodes. \"Speaking of changes,\"Mr.Rhodes said,\"I see our name has changed,too.\" \"Do you mind?I changed our name to'Come-Back Coffeehouse'to make the shop sound welcoming,as in'Please come back again'...\" A smile spread across her father's face.\"The new name is fitting.\"Thanks to you,this place certainly has made a comeback!\" \n Answer: It is behind the times.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn about\"Carl's Coffee Shoppe\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-352c45b4929d43d6babdcc3f344c9efe",
            "input": "Article: Nathan Phillips, who will formally begin his freshman year at the University of San Diego(USD) on Aug. 31, will arrive on campus in an unusual and philanthropic manner. Phillips is expected to arrive between 5 p.m. and 6 p.m. Thursday on his bicycle, having pedaled 1,450 miles from Astoria, Ore. Phillips combined his desire to complete a long bike ride before entering college with his interest in helping the children of Uganda. He is raising funds for Invisible Children, a San Diegobased organization seeking to end conflicts annoying northern Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic and stop the use of children as soldiers. Phillips had raised $1,540 before embarking Aug.11 and hopes to reach $2,000. Phillips, who is from Redmond, Washington, visited Uganda during high school and worked in an orphanage  there. He was also inspired by a presentation by Invisible Children at his high school. \"I have been to Uganda and personally gotten to know some of the kids affected by the war,\" Phillips said in a statement released by the university.\"I would do anything to help these kids.\" Phillips' new roommate, Kyle Sharp, has joined him for the last 600 miles of the trip. Students and other members of the USD community are expected to join him for the last 13 miles. \"Nathan's passionate commitment  to improving the lives of children more than 8,000 miles away resonates  with USD's mission to prepare future leaders to change the world for the better,\" Pamela Gray Payton, assistant vice president of public affairs at USD, said in a prepared statement.\"We are delighted to have Nathan as a member of our campus community.\" Supporters from USD and Invisible Children will greet Phillips and his followers when they arrive in front of Founders Hall on campus. The public is invited as well. \n Answer: Nathan Phillips is an American.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about Nathan Phillips is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1694152a9e5d48c5ad0aa190b8efa88b",
            "input": "Article: NOTICE DO NOT FISH FOR FOOD,  FISHERMAN! FOR YOUR OWN HEALTH FISH FROM THESE WATERS SHOULD NOT BE EATEN BECAUSE OF MERCURY    POLLUTION Office of Land and Forests \n Answer: On a fish farm",
            "output": [
                "Where would people see the notice?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eddc8bdf53a04c55a40b135b874c7fee",
            "input": "Article: \"The Lord of the Rings\", one of the best sellers in the new millennium , was made up of three parts--\"The Fellow Ship of the Ring\", \"Two Towers\", and \"The Return of the King\". Millions upon millions of people have read it in over 25 different languages, but fewer know about the author and the history of the composition of the creative masterwork. John Ronald Refuel Tolkien was born in South Africa in 1892. His parents died when he was a child. Living in England with his aunt, Tolkien and his cousins made up play languages, a hobby that led to Tolkien's becoming skilled in Welsh, Greek, Gothic, Old Norse and Anglo--Saxon. After graduating from Oxford, Tolkien served in World War I. In 1917, while recovering from trench fever he began composing the mythology for The Rings. As a professor of Anglo-Saxon in the 1930s at Oxford, Tolkien was part of an informal discussion group called the Inklings, which included several writers. The group was soon 1istening to chapters of Tolkien's imaginative work \"The Hobbit\". Hobbit was a name Tolkien created for people that could best be described as half-sized members of the English rural class. Hobbits live in hillside holes. One of them,Bilbo Baggins, looks for treasures with a group of dwarves . On the way, he meets the twisted, pitiful creature Gollum, from whom he sees a golden ring that makes the holder invisible. One of Tolkien's students persuaded her employer, publisher Allen & Unwind, to look at a draft  . The chairman of the firm, Stanley Unwind, thought that the best judge for a Children's book would be his ten-year-old son. The boy earned a shilling for reporting back that the adventure was exciting, and \"The Hobbit\" was published in 1937. It sold so well that Unwind asked for a continuation. Over a dozen years later, in 1954, Tolkien produced \"The Lord of the Rings\", a series of books so creative that they hold readers both new and old -- after their publication. \n Answer: Tolkien knew very well about different kinds of local languages in Africa.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-be0ee07a33e349049fe67ce80b60b379",
            "input": "Article: He's an old cobbler  with a shop in the Marais, a historic area in Paris. When I took him my shoes, he at first told me, \"I haven't time. Take them to the other fellow on the main street. He'll fix them for you right away.\" But I had my eyes on his shop for a long time. Just looking at his bench loaded with tools and pieces of leather, I knew he was a skilled craftsman . \"No.\" I replied, \"The other fellow can't do it well.\" \"The other fellow\" was one of those shopkeepers who fix shoes and make keys -- without knowing much about mending shoes or making keys. They work carelessly, and when they have finished sewing back a sandal strap , you might as well just throw away the pair. My man saw I wouldn't give in, and he smiled. He wiped hands on his blue apron , looked at my shoes, had me write my name on one shoe with a piece of chalk and said, \"Come back in a week.\" I was about to leave when he took a pair of soft leather boots off a shelf. \"See what I can do?\" he said with pride. \"Only three of us in Paris can do this kind of work.\" When I got back out into the street, the world seemed brand-new to me. He was something out of an ancient legend, this old craftsman with his way of speaking familiarly, his very strange dusty felt hat, his funny accent and his pride in his craft. These are times when nothing is important but the bottom line, when you can do things any old way as long as it \"pays\", when, in short, people look on work as a path to ever-increasing consumption rather than a way to realize their abilities. In such a period it is a rare comfort to find a cobbler who gets his greatest satisfaction from pride in a job well done. \n Answer: He was a native Parisian.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about the old cobbler?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-71e2b79ffa554685b88e5492350ba7c2",
            "input": "Article: If a noisy neighbor is blasting music at all hours of the day and night, drowning out your phone conversations and interrupting your sleep, you can call the police. But what is a whale to do? Natural noise from waves, wind, rain and even earthquakes is common in oceans. Unfortunately, man-made noise from oil and gas drilling, sonar, and ships is also present. Low frequency noise has doubled off the California coast every decade since the nineteen sixties. The main reasons are ships' propellers . They not only generate continuous low frequency sound, some propellers cavitate , which means they create air bubbles that collapse, creating loud popping sounds. Whales use low frequency calls to communicate across thousands of miles of ocean. They are threatened by noise pollution because it can prevent them from contacting each other and from locating their foods. Endangered humpback and right whales, which use fibrous baleen to strain food from the water, are the most at risk. Scientists studying right whales off Canada's east coast have discovered that whales are sending louder calls through the water to make themselves heard. Because they invest more energy in making calls, they have less energy available for finding food and mating. Other scientists measuring whale calls against background noise pollution have discovered that right whales have lost about eighty percent of their normal communication area. This could seriously affect survival of this already threatened species. Scientists don't have badges and guns, but they are trying to correct the noise pollution problem. By tracking ships and marine mammals and understanding how noise travels, they are creating sound maps. They hope to get shipping lanes moved so that the noise pollution ships create will not overlap with areas most important to the whales. \n Answer: Noise pollution is affecting whales.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19b05594de0d4276aba739630f9883e9",
            "input": "Article: A car that runs on coffee is unveiled(shown to the public for the first time)today but at between 25 and 50 times the cost of running a car on petrol, the invention won't please any motor industry accountants. Nicknamed the Car-puccino, it has been created using a 1988 Volkswagen Scirocco bought for PS400 and it was chosen because it looked like the time-traveling DeLorean in the movieBack To The Future.The car will be driven the 210 miles between Manchester and London powered only by roasted coffee granules  .It has been built by a team from the BBC1 science programme Bang Goes The Theory and will go on display at the Big Bang science fair in Manchester to show how fuels other than traditional petrol can power vehicles. The team calculates the Car-puccino will do three miles per kilo of ground coffee   -- about 56 cups of espressos   per mile.The journey will use about 70 kilos of ground coffee which, at supermarket prices of between PS13 and PS26 a kilo depending on brand and quality, will cost between PS910 and PS1,820, or between 25 and 50 times the PS36 cost of petrol for the journey.In total, the trip will cost 11,760 espressos, and the team will have to take 'coffee breaks' roughly every 30 to 45 miles to pour in more granules.They will also have to stop about every 60 miles to clean out the 'coffee filters' to rid them of the soot and tar which is also generated by the process.So despite a top speed of 60mph, the many stops mean the going will be slow, with the journey taking around ten hours. Sadly, the inventors will still have to pay duty on their coffee fuel---even though tax collectors at Her Majesty's Revenue and Custom haven't yet worked out how much. Nick Watson, producer of Bang Goes The Theory, said, \"Coffee, like wood or coal, has some carbon content so you can use it as a fuel.The coffee needs to be very dry and in granules to allow the air to move through the pile of coffee as it burns.The brand doesn't matter.\" He said the same technology could be used to power a car on other unusual fuels, such as woodchips or nut shells, construction or agricultural waste. \n Answer: It should be very dry.",
            "output": [
                "Which is the right way to choose the coffee used as fuels to run the Car-puccino?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-498454cafec24ffba4df5399ee134db6",
            "input": "Article: Every Christmas the giant tree inprefix = st1 /RockefellerCentersparkles with thousands of lights. From the beginning, when construction workers raised the first one during the depths of the Depression, it has been a symbol of hope. Diana Abad, like most Americans, loved that tree.        In 1999, however, Diana was writing her will. The 33-year-old woman from Staten Island, New York, was diagnosed with leukemia and wanted to put her things in order. Doctors told her she had nine months to live.         Her slim chance for survival lay in finding a bone marrow donor. The most likely source for a match is always among  s -- but her family was tested and there was none.         Then one day in February 2000, she got a call from the hospital saying that out of the four million people _ in the National Marrow Donor Program Registry, there was only one match. The potential donor was thinking about it. In March the donor agreed, and the transplant procedure was scheduled for March 27.        On that day, a doctor came in with the marrow in a bag, and Diana remembers him saying:\"This is it. If it doesn't graft within four to six hours, nothing will bring you back.\" Diana asked a priest  to give her last rite .         Almost immediately after the two-hour procedure, she felt stronger. Doctors told her it looked like the graft had taken.        Donors are anonymous, but when she was better, Diana sent a note through the Registry: \"You don't know the joy that I am experiencing,\" she wrote. \"I hope that one day we can meet and I can thank you in person.\"        It was several months before the donor replied. At first he didn't even give his name. He was 34-year-old David Mason, and he lived inDedham,Massachusetts. But eventually the two exchanged phone numbers and began to talk.        Then unexpectedly and unannounced, he turned up at her door inEnglishtown,New Jersey, on December 23. She says it was love at first sight. He says he didn't feel it until they met the second time.        That meeting began a long-distance romance that culminated under the Christmas tree in Rockefeller Center in December 2004. That's where David proposed to Diana. She, of course, said yes. \n Answer: Perfect Match",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may be the title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c02a188185a1417081099f69d3a289a3",
            "input": "Article: To celebrate the end of our exams, my friends and I went to a fast food restaurant. We ordered hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter. When our food came, I started walking towards an empty table. By bad luck, my purse strap   got caught on a chair and the tray   that I was holding slipped from my hands and went flying in the air. The tray, and its contents, fell on a man who was just about to take a bite of his sandwich. I stared, greatly shocked , as the drinks soaked   his white shirt. Then I closed my eyes and prepared myself for his burst of anger. Instead, he said \"It's OK\" to comfort me before he disappeared into the washroom. Still shaky and unsure what to do next, my friends and I went to a table and sat there, trying our best to look calm. A moment later, the man came out of the washroom and approached our table. My heart almost stopped beating. I thought he was going to ask for my father' s number and call him. To my surprise, he merely smiled at us, handed us some cash and said, \"Buy yourself new hamburgers.\" He then walked away without even finishing his food. He could have made what was already an uncomfortable situation worse, but he chose a different way and gave us a reason to believe that there is still kindness in this world. I'll never forget his actions. \n Answer: Her tray slipped and made a man's shirt dirty.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the author in the restaurant?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e550450f9249404eb3d9149fa96d832a",
            "input": "Article: In Europe, many people make friends between their countries through town twinning. Town or city twinning means two towns in different countries agree and decide to become \"twins\" with a sister-city relationship. The people find pen friends in the twin town. They exchange newspapers and stamps. The school teachers discuss teaching methods with the teachers in the twin town. Officials visit the twin town for celebrations. Ordinary people travel to the twin town, too, but not very often if it is far away. Sometimes, schools even exchange their classes for two or three weeks! For example, German middle school students study for a while at the school in their twin town in Britain, staying with British families. A few months later, their British friends come to study in Germany. Many British towns are so pleased with the results of the twinning that they set out to find more than one twin town! Tonbridge, a small town in Kent, for example, has twin towns in both Germany and France. Richmond near London has relationships with Germany, France and even a town in a Balkan  country! Town twinning can help make friends. It helps students improve their language skill, and also helps people to understand the differences between nations. \n Answer: Town Twinning",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-264fb00588e9490990adadd8ec26fbd2",
            "input": "Article: Prison Breakis a huge hit thanks to its handsome star, Wentworth Miller. His character, Michael Scofield, is the engine that drives the show. Having committed a crime to get into prison and break out with his innocent brother, Michael Scofield is one of the most interesting personalities on TV today. But what about the man behind the character? Miller,35, is a hard guy to figure out. He does not come from a normal background and has never lived his life in a typical way. Miller didn't take direct path to fame and fortune. He graduated from Princeton University in 1995, not with a degree in theatre of film, but in English. He didn't even act when he was in college. His only performance experience was in his university's singing group. Yet , at graduation Miller still decided to make the move to Hollywood. Miller has always been different. Although he is American, he was in Britain when his father was studying there. His family background is also a special mix of cultures. \"My father is black and my mother is white. That means I have always been caught in the middle. I could be either one, which can make you feel out of place,\" Miller says. Following his unusual path, Miller did not start trying out for films and TV shows when he first went to Hollywood. Instead, he worked as a lowly production assistant. Not what you would expect from a Princeton graduate. However, _  In 2002, Miller played a role in the drama Dinotopia(<<>> ). He starred as a thoughtful and shy man. Producers remembered his performance when they were castingPrison Breaktwo years later. With a golden globe nomination and another season ofPrison Breakon his resume, Miller seems ready to take over all of Hollywood. \n Answer: The man who will take over all of the world.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-091915124abc4120b6756e797babf5ad",
            "input": "Article: Ask any person who is successful in whatever he or she is doing what motivates him/her, and very likely the answer will be \"goals\". Goal Setting is extremely important to motivation and success. So what motivates you? Why are you in college? If you are in college because that's what your parents want, you may find it difficult to motivate yourself. Sure, it's possible to succeed with someone else providing the motivation for you. (\"If you graduate from college, I'll give you a car!\" or worse \"If you don't graduate from college, you won't get a car.\") But motivation that comes from within really makes the difference. Certainly, you need some intelligence, knowledge base, study skills, and time management skills, but if you don't have motivation, you won't get far. Think about this analogy. You have a car with a full tank of gas, a well-tuned engine, good set of tires, quadraphonic CD system, and a sleek, polished exterior . There it sits. This car has incredible potential. However, until a driver sits behind the wheel, puts the key in the ignition , and cranks it up, the car doesn't function. You guessed it; the KEY is MOTIVATION. Interest is an important motivator for a student. So is a desire to learn. When you link these two things together, you create success. Often success in an endeavor  leads to more interest and a greater desire to learn, creating an upward spiral  of motivation toward a goal you have established. So be honest with yourself. Are you genuinely interested in being in college? Have you set realistic goals for yourself? How can you develop the internal motivation that really counts? When it comes to motivation, KNOWING is not as important as DOING. \n Answer: Internal motivation is more important than external motivation.",
            "output": [
                "What is the CORRECT comparison between the internal motivation and the external  motivation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-61ba1e9ad6054c8da5b227694721b54d",
            "input": "Article: As is known, healthy foods can help save your life.Now, here is a list of healthy foods that can save your memory.It is best that every person knows what he eats, as he takes in, can make or break himself, in terms of health. Fish is helpful in regaining back the kind of memory that a person once has.Eating fish can help you save the trouble of forgetfulness.Vegetables rich in fiber and other dark and green leafy kinds are very suitable for people who want to avoid mental blocks.These foods contain high units of vitamin E. Another food that is considered having different effects on preventing this brain deficiency  is avocado , which is also rich in vitamins E and C.It is really good to know these healthy foods that can save your memory are always at hand so as to help you in your fight against diseases.Sunflower seeds are regarded as Vitamin C-powered seeds and also give you enough energy. As for red wine, do not over consume it, as it is said to have to be taken in moderate amounts in order to help the body.Over-drinking can cause illness and like anything else.This is considered as one of the healthy foods that can save your memory; alcohol can otherwise lose it. It is better to consume color1ed bread, rice and whole grains for you t o get the best out of fiber.These foods can lower the body' s risk of being infected with Alzheimer' s disease. Knowing the healthy foods that can save your memory is living the life that you have longed and desired.Among the others, the best, of course, is exercise.Taking in different kind of exercises, physical activities or sports can keep both your body and mind healthy \n Answer: Taking moderate exercise every day",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the most important for health?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e6c34899e674f0a954789fd12b80672",
            "input": "Article: Tour A--Bath & Stonehenge including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge--PS37until 26 March and PS39 thereafter. Visit the city with over 2,000 years of history and Bath Abbey, the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum. Stonehenge is one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years. Tour B--Oxford & Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Mary's Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's housePS32 until 12 March and PS36 thereafter. Oxford: Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges. Look over the \"city of dreaming spires \"form St Mary's Church Tower. Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder. Tour C--Windsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace--PS34 until 11 March and PS37 thereafter. Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, HenryVIII's favourite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle(entrance fees not included). With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze where it is easy to get lost! Tour D--Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary  the Great--PS33 until 18 March and PS37 thereafter. Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.[ \n Answer: Tour B",
            "output": [
                "Which tour will you choose if you want to see England's oldest university city?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-17891474fb844cfc9b61e3aac3c0e809",
            "input": "Article: My destination is the River Walk, one of the most popular places in all of Texas. In the first half of 20 century, to control flooding, the city fathers began redirecting the San Antonio River. They built a network of canals that pass through the downtown area. At nearly every street corner, stairs lead down to walkways on both sides of the canals. The River Walk is linked with cafes, bars, shops --- and, of course, plenty of bridges. You can easily cross over to the other side without having to return to the street. It's a constant party along the River Walk, with music and festivals throughout the year. The Mud Festival, for example, takes place each January, when the city empties this section of the river to clean it out. That's when the Mud King and Mud Queen are crowned. No visit to Texas would be complete without seeing a --- another aspect of this part of the country that is completely foreign to someone from New England. The announcer walks on stage and gets the crowd excited with talk about the courageous cowboys who'll be performing. While he's talking, a band plays sad songs about love gone wrong. Suddenly the announcer calls for silence. He takes off his tall hat and asks us to join him in prayer. We pray for the cowboys who are, we are told, risking their lives to entertain us, as well as for the bulls and other animals taking part in the shows. We pray for the tourists who are visiting. The rodeo gets going and the fun begins. Our prayers for the cowboys and animals are answered, and nobody gets hurt. But as we walk over to the cowboy dance hall after the show to enjoy a Texas-size barbecue, it's clear that not enough prayers were said for the bulls' less athletic relatives --- the ones not chosen for rodeo work. They'll be our meal. It seems that moving too slowly has its disadvantages, too. \n Answer: It refers to the sidewalks on either side of this section of the San Antonio River.",
            "output": [
                "What do you know about the River Walk from the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6251dc3a56d04a82b49c3dcdd103023d",
            "input": "Article: Going to the park with your family is a time-honored tradition during the warmer months whether you live in the city or in a rural area. The most common thing for kids to do at the park is to play on the playground equipment. This is great for kids. For parents, however, playground time is something not quite as exciting. It's nice to socialize with other parents and enjoy watching the little ones at play, but grown-ups can't easily participate in the playground fun. In order to make the most of spring and summer park trips parents might want to consider trying a few new activities. Soft Frisbees and balls are great things to bring to the park and enjoy with kids. Parents can participate in playing catch. They can enjoy the fresh air and physical activity together. Other lawn games and toys like badminton can easily be taken to the park for an afternoon of fun. If it is a breezy day, it might be just perfect for flying a kite. Kite flying is a wonderful family fun activity. Children who are too small to fly a kite themselves can have fun chasing it and helping older siblings hold the string. Slightly older children can enjoy learning to fly kites. Teens and parents can enjoy the challenge of making kites. Best of all, kites are inexpensive and can be used in almost any open space on a breezy day. After these, the first thought might be to head home for a meal or a snack. However, bringing a snack or having a picnic can add an exciting element to the day out and can allow the family to enjoy more park time together. Everyday foods like sandwiches and apples can be very _ If you decide to pack a picnic, just remember to bring bags for any garbage you might produce! \n Answer: They have to watch their kids.",
            "output": [
                "Why is the playground time not quite exciting for parents?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5914b9c3014f49c99d315caf6cf1fe66",
            "input": "Article: \"Everybody in this city wants a car, and I'm no exception. A car brings with it the freedom to travel\", said a friend of mine while reading a car magazine. I might not agree with him, but no doubt he was speaking for a rapidly growing number of middle-class Chinese. While it is true that all the waiting, walking, being part of a crowd, and sweating, are somewhat unpleasant, there are many problems which can arise when our lives rely too much on this invention. First of all, in terms of polluting the environment, driving a car is the worst act an average person can _ . Beijing now finds itself at the top of the list of the most polluted capital cities in the world with Mexico City in the second place. Research also shows that by 2010 around 90% of total pollutants in Shanghai have come from cars. These pollutions are extremely dangerous to our health. They can damage the lungs, cause cancer, and damage the brain. Apart from environmental problems, relying too much on cars also creates social problems such as traffic jams, road accidents, and noise pollution. The jeeps that proudly drive through the Hutongs in Beijing as if they are in a race often annoy me, and to make it worse, these drivers seldom respect cyclists. Of course, we cannot forget the convenience that cars bring us when we need to travel far, but I often find it faster to cycle from one place to another within the city of Beijing, especially with the growing traffic jams. Since people travel further and more frequently than before, cars will certainly be important in the future. At the same time, however, let us work hard to make sure that this invention brings us a more convenient lifestyle rather than trouble and disease. Let us make good use of cars. \n Answer: Benefits of using cars.",
            "output": [
                "What is this passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4c0bc623b74f4f5eb4ddf0bdb2df66bf",
            "input": "Article: 2015, the time has come for more creative China tours to be made, Shanghai Disney opens, more high-speed rail options. Insisting on high-quality services, we are proud to present our ever best-selling China tour packages, tour themes and the next popular destinations. Check out the optional activities and information making our Smart Travelers' trips outstanding. China Highlights' most popular private tour. Our private guide, driver and car are available all times. You take the trip, we take the stress. Day 1-2 In Beijing Take a break on your arrival. Enjoy local people's morning exercise at the Temple of Heaven before visiting the Great Wall, and then have a lifetime experience of visiting the Mutianyu section of the Great Wall on Day 2. Day 3-4 In Xi'an Still in Beijing in the daytime of Day 3. Visit the Forbidden City and the Tian'anmen Square to feel royal life in ancient China. After that pay a visit to hutongs which give full flavor of authentic experience. Catch a flight at night to Xi'an. Private guide and driver escort you to visit the highlights of Xi'an on Day 4.[:] Day 5-7 In Guilin/Yangshuo Continue to see Xi'an and have more interacts with the local. Visiting a family in Xi'an and learning how to make different shapes of dumplings give you an unforgettable time. Take a plane at night and arrive at Guilin on Day 5. Get on board to enjoy essence of Guilin, the Li River cruise to Yangshuo. Cycle to villages and meet friendly local people and learn more about Chinese agriculture. Day 8-10 In Shanghai Private transfer from Yangshuo to Guilin airport. Shanghai guide and driver are waiting for you with smiling faces. Highlights of the city on Day 9 show you the future of China as the end of the trip. You have free time on the last day before taking an international flight. Just let us know your travel style! We will then adapt this tour and create a unique quote based on your individual needs. For more information, please click here: [Link] \n Answer: Two.",
            "output": [
                "How many night flights will the tourists take during this trip?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-483b4d92e49745a881cf45d2e0e4dc51",
            "input": "Article: When I was having a walk through the park today, I met a friend I hadn't seen for ages. She stared at me curiously. \"You have kept this umbrella for years; it's old and out of date. I wonder why you keep it and take it wherever you go.\" I smiled, \"it means a great deal to me.\" I simply gave her my shortest answer. Honestly speaking, I, either, could not understand the reason why I kept it. Then all of a sudden, fallen leaves darkened my eyes with a strong wind. I grabbed the umbrella instinctively. The rain poured down. Thanks to my umbrella, I didn't get wet at all. \"Why have I kept it for so long?\" I asked myself, staring at my umbrella. I couldn't remember when and where I bought it, for I'm always tired and lazy to answer questions. It could protect me from the heavy rain, I told myself eventually. Looking at the people rushing through the street, I felt safe. This might be another reason. It is always so. We know a thunderstorm comes unexpectedly and goes without a warning. The sky cleared up. The sun shone brightly. Just as usual, I seized the umbrella with my left hand. Still there's water dropping down. I walked among the noisy crowd and listened to what they were murmuring in their heart. \"Today I will ask for a rise, or I'll leave this company.\" Good luck to you, I smiled to him. \"I'll manage to make you live forever.\" A little boy held a pet dog close to him. \"She'll be all right, because she is blessed.\" I heard angels singing in this city. The moment my fingertips touched the umbrella, I felt it's dry, and it's warm. Soon it became hot. I held it up to avoid harmful sunshine. Do I need a reason to explain why? Maybe I should think about it. I need my umbrella when it is sunny as well as when it is rainy. \n Answer: Watchful.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words best describes the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a0c664e3957d41068cbd58a6698d6279",
            "input": "Article: Human beings have always been fascinated by twins. Romulus and Remus, Jacob and Esau, Mary-Kate and Ashley.  As children, many of us imagine having a twin: a permanent playmate, a partner in trouble, someone who'd love us unconditionally. Somewhere out there is someone who is exactly like us! What would it feel like to look into a face exactly like our own?  And what if she suddenly appears in my life? That's essentially what happened to Brooklyn writer Paula Bernstein. I'd known Paula slightly for years; she wrote a lovely essay for Redbook many years ago refuting  the persistent belief that all adoptees want to search for their birth parents. Her adoptive family was her family, she wrote; her adoptive mother was her mother. But then, out of the blue, an adoption agency called her and told her about the identical twin sister she didn't know she had. Her sister, Elyse Schein, wanted to meet her.  I met them for coffee at Cafe Mogador, three years after their first meeting. Now 38, they have different haircuts, have made different choices in hair color1, do their makeup differently. But they clearly look alike, with thick hair, upturned noses. They quickly discovered they had the same childhood habit of sucking their middle fingers, the same adult habit of forgetfully typing their thoughts on an invisible keyboard while thinking. Both edited their high school newspapers and studied film in college. Paula wrote film criticism; Elyse became a filmmaker. They both collected Alice in Wonderland dolls and kept them in the boxes. They're now regulars at Cafe Mogador. The women's journey from strangers to sisters has clearly been rocky. But as they got to know each other, and struggled to piece together their history, their search united them. \"For me, the search began when I reached the age when my adoptive mother died,\" Elyse said. \"I realized that my birth mother could be dead. Time was passing. I was ready to solve the mystery that had shadowed my life.\" Elyse had always felt a part of her was missing. \"I'd felt so different from my adoptive family.\" she said.  Paula was raised in a more typical Jewish intellectual family, and was at first a little threatened by Elyse's appearance in her life. \"My first response was both fear and excitement. The moment we met, I felt I was meeting my long-lost best friend. I could tell her anything. And then as that first excitement wore off, I thought, oh my God, I've committed to a long-term relationship with a stranger. I wished we hadn't been separated, but also that I hadn't been contacted. What would it mean to be in each other's lives?\" \n Answer: Life with twins is always wonderful.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ab3cd83cddee4bbba6fad2d327f2956a",
            "input": "Article: I first came across the concept of pay-what-you-can cafes last summer in Boone, N.C., where I ate at F.A.R.M (Feed All Regardless of Means) Cafe. You can volunteer to earn your meal, pay the suggested price($10) or less, or you can overpay--paying it forward for a future customer's meal. My only regret after eating there was not having a chance to give my time. So as soon as Healthy World Cafe opened in York in April, I signed up for a volunteer shift . F.A.R.M and healthy World are part of a growing trend of community cafes. In 2003, Denise Cerreta opened the first in Salt Lake City. Cerreta now runs the One World Everybody Eats Foundation, helping others copy her pay-what-you can model. \"I think the community cafe is truly a hand up, not a handout,\" Cerreta said. She acknowledged that soup kitchens  have a place in society, but people typically don't feel good about going there. \"One of the values of the community cafe is that we have another approach,\" she said. \"Everyone eats here, no one needs to know whether you volunteered, overpaid or underpaid.\" The successful cafes not only address hunger and food insecurity but also become necessary parts of their neighborhood -- whether it's a place to learn skills or hear live music. Some teach cooking to seniors; some offer free used books. Eating or working there is a reminder that we are all in this world together. My 10 am-1pm shift at World-Healthy-Cafe began with the cafe manager -- one of the two paid staff members. Our volunteer crew wasn't the most orderly, but we managed to prepare and serve meals with a lot of laughs in between. At the end of my shift, I ordered my earned meal at the counter, together with other volunteers. After lunch, I walked out the door, with a handful of new friends, music in my head and a satisfied belly and heart. \n Answer: She enjoyed a meal.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author do at F.A.R.M Cafe last summer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-354fffa2ff8541948fc3a0a7cc8693a9",
            "input": "Article: Everyone knows how a fishing calendar  works: it tells you when you have the best chance of catching the most fish. This year, though, Kelson Poepoe, a conservationist on Hawaii's prefix = st1 /MolokaiIsland, helped publish an unusual version on this model. Poepoe and his colleagues decided to print a calendar telling people when not to fish. Many of the Homestead's residents still follow an existence lifestyle, gathering roughly one-third of their food by fishing in nearby Mo'omomi Bay. But, even though overfishing has exhausted fish populations throughout Hawaii, Mo'omomi Bay's fishery is booming, with a higher fish density  than nearly anywhere else in the main islands. The new calendar is based on the ancient fishing practices that have helped keep those populations strong. Hawaiians have long known that carefully tended resources will renew themselves. To make this process easier, fishermen traditionally worked hard to understand and adapt to fish behavior. For example, they closely monitored where and when key species gathered to reproduce, and they prevented fishing during those times. By contrast, most of today's fishermen see spawning  periods as a chance to get large numbers of fish, which can cause population break down. While these traditional methods have largely died out, they are still practiced by Poepoe and his fellow men at Mo'omomi Bay. \"We have a rule of conduct that basically says, take only what you can eat fresh, don't stock your fridge, and don't take the fish when they spawn,\" Poepoe said. In 1993, Poepoe helped found the conservation group Hui Malama Mo'omomi to teach  _ to new generations, and publishing the calendar is a key part of this move. It follows the lunar cycle, declaring when certain species are not available or \"taboo.\" It also includes helpful hints about fish lifecycles, detailing exactly where in the bay certain kinds of fish like to gather, how to tell males from females, and which fishing methods are least likely to harm fish populations long-term. So far, these methods have helped keep Mo'omomi Bay's fish number totals far higher than elsewhere in the surrounding islands. With hopes of copying this success, a number of local groups are interested in creating similar calendars for other coastal areas. But that's a difficult project, partly because fish habits are highly local, meaning that the information in the calendar applies mainly to Mo'omomi Bay. Still, these groups believe the basic methods are transferable. \n Answer: New lunar calendar tells Hawaiians when not to fish.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-adf4bc07844846fea540814470049faf",
            "input": "Article: For many of us, printed books are satisfying in ways beyond the words they contain. Billions of printed books have been published, read and saved in the 600 years since movable type was invented, so why mess with a good things?        Sony Electronics is doing just that, betting that readers will be won over by the convenience of readability of its new electronic book devices. Sony's reader, the PRS-505, can hold 160 books in its fixed memory, enough to line the shelves on a good-sized wall in the average American home. The $299 device is about the size of a paperback book, but a half-inch thick and weighs less than a pound.  The Sony book reader is revolutionary not only in its storage capacity. The font  is highly readable and adjustable by size. Unlike laptop computers, you can put the Sony in your purse, read it in direct sunlight and even bookmark the pages. And you can connect it to your PC to download books. Surprisingly, though the reader has liberated the book from paper, electronic books aren't always a bargain. For example, David Baldacci's \"Stone Cold\" download retails  for $15.19 at the Sony site, while Amazon  will deliver a hard copy to your mailbox for $16.19.  The Sony reader also lets you store and play or display music. So what's not to like about the Sony? Well, for many  _ , a lot. Book lovers like to have, hold and keep their volumes, which don't need charging. You can write notes in the margin1s, and enjoy the ambience they provide on your book shelves. The need for electronic reading devices is likely to grow as more people worried about the billions of tons of paper used for printed material. Many believe the time will come when devices like the Sony reader are as common as printed newspapers and magazines today. \n Answer: The age of the electronic book reader is coming",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-26b8230e349743ccb873b137b78c78ef",
            "input": "Article: It'll soon be the birthday of one of my closest friends, Susie. I still cannot decide what to give her. She's a rare friend because she has been there for me all the time whenever I need a friend to talk to. I can always depend on her to be the first to arrive to give me advice when I have problems. I guess I am so lucky to have her as a friend. It's more than seven years since I first met Susie in our school. I joined the theater group and she was a director then. At first I thought she was _ but in the end I realized that she needed to keep a strict image in order for her actors and actresses to take her seriously. And then during practice I got a chance to know her better. In fact, she was a friendly and warm-hearted person. Soon we become good friends. I don't know exactly what to give my friend on her birthday as I believe she has everything. So it's really hard to buy her a gift she will appreciate. This year I want something different and special but I don't know what to give. One day I searched the internet without any purpose and to my surprise there is a really lovely site where you can buy all kinds of gifts. I scanned some of their items and I found cool and exciting gifts. I chose a special personalized bracelet . I'm sure that this will look perfect on her. I put our names as part of the design of the bracelet so that it'll remind us that we'll forever be friends. I can't wait to give her my gift but I won't tell her yet. I don't want to destroy the surprise. \n Answer: She can always offer help when the author is in need.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author consider Susie as a rare friend?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d95eadbb60124c8f8f5e1e49e6fc6a89",
            "input": "Article: Many children act in TV shows. They work several hours every day, so they cannot go to a regular school. How do they get an education?     In Hollywood, where many TV shows are made, about forty teachers give lessons for the children in the shows. They teach wherever their pupils are working.     They teacher's job is very important. She is responsible for making sure that the child works only the permitted hours each week. She is also responsible for making sure that the child learns the required subjects. She makes sure, too, that the child gets enough rest and play, along with his education.     Child actors are required to attend classes twenty hours each week. California law says that they must be taught from September to the middle of June. If they do not get good marks in school, they are not permitted to continue working in TV shows.     TV children are usually good pupils, and most of their teachers like this special kind of work. Their classes are held in many interesting places. Sometimes the\"classroom\"is a Mississippi riverboat. Sometimes it is the inside of a spaceship. Often the pupils become famous stars. \n Answer: Most of the teachers like their work.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements expresses one of the main ideas given in this selection?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69342fa1b6984676b5ad30ddd4989da9",
            "input": "Article: The world, in painter Chen Xiao's eyes, is as colorful and sweet as ice cream. At the opening of his latest exhibition, Colorful World in the Eyes of Sean Chen, at the National Museum of China recently, the artist told his story. Chen left China for Australia in 1986 to seek artistic freedom, and like many new immigrants then, he had little money in his pocket. To make ends meet, he drew portraits of people in the street. Every day, he saw people buy ice cream from a shop. Chen couldn't help wondering: \"It must taste great, that's why so many people buy it.\" But he didn't buy one for himself because he had to save money to support his studies. After four months of painting there and watching people eat ice cream, Chen didn't resist the temptation --- he bought an ice cream. \"The first bite took me to heaven,\" Chen recalls while laughing. \"You know, as a poor young man in a new country, an ice cream was too expensive then.\" Since then, he kept the taste of the ice cream in his heart and included the happy feelings in his paintings, which turn out to be colorful and sweet. His current exhibition is part of his nationwide tour that began at the National Art Museum of China in Beijing in 2011. He plans to take his artworks to 24 cities around China by 2016. The exhibition at the National Art Museum of China will last until April 22. After the exhibition tour, he will sell his works through an auction , and all the money will be donated to protection of the environment in China. \"The natural environment of New Zealand has inspired my artwork and brought me enjoyment. I hope people in my home country can enjoy the same beautiful environment as I do,\" says Chen, who has made New Zealand his home for the last 26 years. \n Answer: To seek artistic freedom.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Chen Xiao leave China for Australia in 1986?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2daa50df5bb44c94bc40a6945221158f",
            "input": "Article: In the United States, headmasters and teachers discipline   students in several ways. The teacher often writes to or calls the students' parents. Sometimes students have to stay at school for one hour. If a student behaves   very badly, the headmaster can stop the student having classes. The student can't come to school for one, two or three days. Mr Lazares, the headmaster of a middle school in Ohio, did not like to do so. When he didn't let the students come to school, they were happy. \"A three-day holiday!\" they thought. One day, a boy was in Mr Lazares's office. The boy was not behaving well in class. Mr Lazares telephoned the boy's parents. \"If you come to school with your son, I won't stop him having classes.\" He said. The boy's father came to school and went with his son to every class. Other students looked at the boy and his father. The boy was embarrassed  . After that he behaved better. And, of course, other students behaved better, too. Now headmasters all over the USA are trying Mr Lazares's idea. They, too, think that students behave better when parents come to school. \n Answer: Stops the student having classes for several days.",
            "output": [
                "What does a headmaster usually do to the student if he behaves very badly?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-77a3d39e96a245ceb32d2e3e3301b023",
            "input": "Article: Abraham Lincoln was born into poverty 200 years ago. At any other time and place, this lowly origin would have dictated his future, but in Lincoln's case, his self-determination and force of will made it possible for him to secure his seat in his country's history. He has become a role model in the self-made America. If you want to learn about somebody who didn't quit, look no further. Abraham Lincoln had two business ventures failed, and the second one made him bankrupt, so he had to spend the next 17 years of his life paying for the debt. He also lost 8 different elections. It seemed that he had never done things right at the first time: the first time he ran for state legislature for Congress, for land officer, for Senate, all of these failed, and the first time he sought the vice-presidential nomination, he got less than 100 votes nationally. But he never found it too shameful to carry on his mission. Then later in 1860, on such a rough road, he made it to the White House. He lived up to his famous saying, \"Always bear in mind that your own determination to success is more important than any other.\" He could have quit many times----but he didn't and because he didn't quit,he became one of the greatest presidents in the history of America. One important way Lincoln influences present society is that we look back on his lifeas a role model for future generations. Lincoln's high character influences us because we compare present-day politicians to the example Lincoln set. A major influence Lincoln has on the united States today is simply through the good example he set when it came to honesty, persistence and leadership. \n Answer: Because he still influences America as a role model.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the writer consider Lincoln as one of the greatest presidents in America?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f0c88a6f61c48309cc8c83063db2570",
            "input": "Article: What does it mean to cry over a book? \"I'm a reader who did not weep,\" Ruth Graham, a well-known critic, wrote. \"Does this make me heartless? Or does it make me a grown-up?\" Tears have played a surprisingly important part in the history of the novel. Readers have always asked about the role that emotion plays in reading: What does it mean to be deeply moved by a book? Which books are worthy objects of our feelings? In different times, people answered those questions in different ways. In the early eighteenth century, when the novel was still a new form, crying was a sign of readers' virtue. \"Sentimental\" novels, full of touching scenes, gave readers an occasion to exercise their \"finer feelings.\" Your tear proved that you were likely to feel the suffering of others. At that time, sentimental novels were hugely popular, but also easy to attack. Tears, after all, had no necessary connection to actual virtue, and they could be not true  As the critic John Mullan points out, by the end of the eighteenth century, the word \"sentimental\" had acquired a new meaning -- \"addicted to low emotion\" -- bringing it closer to the meaning that it has for us today. In the nineteenth century, the meaning of tears evolved in two different directions. Some writers sought to waken \"higher\" feelings in their readers: Victorian sentimentalists wrote touching scenes in an effort to inspire social and political reform. However, the \"sensation\" novel, a different type of Victorian best-seller, showed that tears could be enjoyable in themselves. Sensation novels were the leaders of the modern thriller and mystery. Heavy on secrets, and madness, they were known for creating physical \"sensations\" in their readers -- trembling, a fast beating heart, and tears. But these were tears without moral purpose or effect. Today's debate about crying while reading looks back on all of this history. The debate, in fact, is about why books matter to us, and what reading is \"for.\" Talking about what makes us cry is a way of talking about ourselves. \n Answer: Positive.",
            "output": [
                "What was people's attitude towards crying over novels in the early 18th century?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-94c9d5e829a547b290550ddd55a135c0",
            "input": "Article: What do you use to get around town? A car? A bike? Your feet ? perhaps you should try a segway! The Segway is perfect for short journeys. It's an electric vehicle that consists of a platform between two wheels, with a pole that connects the platform to the handlebars. To ride it , you step up onto the platform, and control the Segway by moving your body. Lean forwards to go faster, and back-wards to slow down. On older models, direction was controlled by a twist grip on the left handlebar. This varies the speeds between the two motors, and a decrease in the speed of the left wheel would turn the Segway to the left . With newer models you simply lean to the left or right. Meanwhile, a gyroscope  detects your movements and prevents the machine from falling over. The Segway has a maximum speed of 19 km per hour and a range of about 38 km. after that, you need to plug it and recharge the battery. Segways are used for a variety of purposes. People with mobility problems can now enjoy walks in the country with their friends and family. Some golfers see them as an alternative to the golf cart . And dog owners now have an easier way to take the dog to the park. A few police forces use Segways, too. They allow officers to move quickly while maintaining contact with the public. They're also becoming a common sight on airport . However, the most popular use is in tourism , particularly for city tours . Visit any major tourist city in summer, sit outside a cafe for a while and there's a good chance you'll see a group of tourists passing on Segways. \n Answer: Lean to the left",
            "output": [
                "How do you turn to the left on a Segway of the new model?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-804e891f711342418f079caad6dcf5f3",
            "input": "Article: The Adler Planetarium Chicago is home to more than 35,000 square feet of exhibits. From huge models of the Solar System, to ancient astronomical instruments, to interactive adventures, Adler's exhibit galleries provides a passageway for you to explore the universe. The Adler also offers mini science exploration activities that are quick l0-minute lessons. Visitors can learn some interesting astronomical facts at}se small activity carts. The Adler Planetarium Chicago is the only museum in the world with two full-size planetarium theaters. Since 1930, the wonder of the stars has been visible in the historic Sky Theater. Powered by brand new Digistar 3TM technology, the StarRider Theater is a completely digital, virtual  outer space environment. The famous Zeiss Planetarium projector is able to accurately reproduce the movement of every aspect of the night sky. Do's and Don'ts: Do Take the Bus/Train: Leave the car at home for this museum trip. The Adler is located within close proximity to public transit. Don't Miss the Doane Observatory: When weather permits, the Doane is open at the Adler for observing with its 20-inch diameter telescope: Don't Miss Museum Special Events: The Adler offers a summer camp for kids from mid. June to August. Ticket Price: Adult: $ 28; child: $ 22. Book online now to Save 37%. Regular Schedule: Mon.-Fri. 10 a.m.-4 p.m.; Sat.-Sun. 10 a.m.-4:30 p.m. Summer Hours: 9:30 a.m.-6 p.m. daily. Nearest Transit: Roosevelt Metro Station Address: 1300 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 \n Answer: Giving lO-minute lessons to visitors.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main function of the Adler Planetarium Chicago?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5159d93fc0994c7aa3e802b7d1f82c96",
            "input": "Article: How do you design a pay plan that motivates people to do their best work? A new study by three Harvard researchers suggests a novel answer: Shortly after you hire new workers, give them a raise. \"Previous research has shown that paying people more than they expect may elicit reciprocity  in the form of greater productivity,\" notes Deepak Malhotra, a Harvard business-administration professor who worked on the study. What he and his colleagues found, however, was that the connection between more pay and extra effort depends on presenting the increase \"as a gift--that is, as something you've chosen to do purely as a nice gesture, with no strings attached.\" Malhotra and his team studied 267 people hired by oDesk, a global online network of freelancers, to do a one-time data-entry project for four hours. All of the new hires were people in developing countries, for whom hourly wages of $3 and $4 were higher than what they had been making in previous jobs. The researchers split the group up into three equal parts. One group was told they would earn $3 an hour. A second group was initially hired at $3 an hour but, before they started working, they got a surprise: The budget for the project had expanded unexpectedly, they were told, and they would now be paid $4 an hour. The third group was offered $4 an hour from the start and given no increase. Even though the second and third groups were eventually paid the same amount, the second group worked harder and produced more--about 20% more--than either of the other two. People in the second group also showed the most _ , maintaining their focus all the way through the assigned task and performing especially well toward the end of the four hours. Interestingly, the more experienced employees in the high-performing group were the most productive of all, apparently because their previous work experience led them to appreciate the rarity of an unexpected raise. Contrary to conventional wisdom, Malhotra points out that higher pay, in and of itself, didn't promote productivity: People who made $4 an hour from the beginning worked no harder than those who were hired at $3 and were then paid $3. To get the most impact from their pay plans, he adds, companies might consider not only what to pay new hires, but when to pay it. \"The key thing is how you present [the reason for an increase],\" he says. Doling out extra money could promote productivity most \"if you make it clear that the pay raise is something you're choosing to do just because you can. Our theory is that people will reciprocate. If you do something nice, they'll do something nice back.\" \n Answer: None of the participants earned more than $4 an hour in previous jobs.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about the research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-023acd56669c4b8d94e8a76e9fe48eec",
            "input": "Article: Apollo For lovers of the arts, Apollo is a truly necessary magazine. Covering the ages and the great civilizations of the world, Apollo brings you well-illustrated yet academic articles by internationally famous scholars, as well as information on exhibitions and sales. Experience five monthly issues for as little as PS5 each. The Guardian Weekly gives you a global view with articles from four of the world's most respected newspapers. Read the news from different views and draw your own conclusions on the stories shaping   our world. Try it for 3 months for just PS15.55. Plus get a free copy of The Guardian Year 2004. New Internationalist   Full of excellent writing and photography, the NI covers one key subject each month, from Terrorism to Poverty to Climate Change. Reporters from around the globe provide you with a comprehensive world view. PLUS: masses of fresh reports and stories to keep you up-to-date on world affairs. 3 months free and free World Map. The Week is the only weekly summary giving you the best of the British and foreign newspapers in just 35 pages. Designed to be read in just 1 hour, it provides you with everything you need and want to know. Try The Week now with 13 issues for just PS13.75. If you decide it's not for you, just tell us within the first 6 weeks and you can get your money back. \n Answer: Apollo",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following magazines will probably provide you with articles about music and paintings?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1ef0e62ca2814483a4ebd7397cd15dbe",
            "input": "Article: Living a healthy lifestyle lies in forming the right eating habits. Here are some of the good habits you can develop when it comes to healthy eating. Drink plenty of water. You must drink at least 8 glasses of water a day. You may need even more water if you are in a hot environment or if you are exercising. Eat breakfast. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. A recent study has shown that those who eat breakfast will consume an average of 100 calories less during the day than their colleagues who skipped breakfast. They will also be able to concentrate better. Don't skip lunch. If you do so, your blood sugar level will drop and your metabolism   will slow down. When you get home you are starving and eat everything you can find. We all need to snack from time to time, but please choose your snacks carefully. In fact, it's a good idea to eat two healthy snacks besides your three main meals. Choose healthy snacks like fruits and vegetables, low fat yogurt, cottage cheese with apple sauce, and so on. Eat your fruit and vegetables. We should eat at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day. Take a piece of fruit for a snack, add some banana and _ to your favourite breakfast cereal, have a salad with lunch, and eat at least one vegetable at dinner each night. Do not eat your dinner too late. Try to eat dinner at least 3 hours before you go to bed. This will give your body a chance to digest most of the food before you rest for the next 8 hours. Plan dinner for the week ahead of time and make sure you have everything you need in the house so other family members can get a head start on dinner if you have a late meeting at the office. \n Answer: 5.",
            "output": [
                "How many good eating habits are mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-20e8898e8f574b3880f9ad762cc6711a",
            "input": "Article: Many Chinese parents think as long as the child is watched by people, there is no danger. But from the start, when the child is born, he needs to communicate with others, especially the communication with parents. Many children in our country are growing up in the environment which lacks a sense of security and love. They want to get back the love lost in childhood but never catch it. On the one hand, Chinese like saving faces; on the other hand, they want to encourage their children to be aspirants . They often say how hard somebody else is studying, how good their grades are, and what prize they get. This comparison is the worst thing especially when they say it before many people. Each time you compare your children to others, you will only bring them much disappointment and pain. Parents should knock at the door when they go into the room of their children. They should get permission before they move something of their children. Parents should first communicate with their children and consider their decisions. Parents should respect their children, and consider them as adults. This respect should begin from changing diapers. Before changing diapers for the children, parents should tell them. Children who do not be respected also do not know how to respect others. Many parents have high hopes for their children, and force them to the way that they think is right, even if the kids do not fit, or do not like, such as playing the piano or going abroad. Under this kind of pressure, children become unhappy and the quality time becomes a struggling period. When children recall their childhood, all memories are unhappy, which is indeed the failure of some parents. \n Answer: Parents mustn't enter the room if not permitted.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following probably makes the child disappointed?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c9b2d0b2a10e499588f48afd6e314e90",
            "input": "Article: Movie Extras Would you mind lying in a coffin  ? Would you shave your head? Are you willing to take out your false teeth? These are just a few of the questions Anne Marie Stewart and her staff sometimes ask the \"talent\" who serve as non-speaking \"extras\" in special films, television series, and made-for-TV movies produced in Toronto. Of course, the majority of extra calls are for more ordinary people, and Stewart has a list of about 650 registered extras. Crowd scenes, which are common, call for everyday people of all ages, ethnic backgrounds, and sizes. Over at Movie People, last-minute requests are not unusual. \"We got a request once for an entire brass band of 30 people. They wanted it within the hour,\" said manager Yvonne McCartney. Another time, the company got a last-minute request for a newborn baby. \"We found a baby that was three weeks premature,\" said Jonathan Aiken, an owner of the company. Then there was the worried call from a casting director whose \"Star\" got doggone stubborn one day and decided to just lie down and not work. The director needed a replacement dog, fast. \"We got them two in one hour.\" said Aiken. \"It was a matter of good connections and fast phone work.\" The eight phone lines needed to make 350 to 400 calls a day are one of Movie People's major expenses. Phone lines are the only way to stay in touch with casting directors and extras; but the latter are a group not necessarily interested in a long-term relationship. Most extra jobs pay only $7 an hour (with a six-hour minimum), while most agencies charge an annual $75 registration fee and get 10 to 15 per cent of extras' earnings. It's no wonder that the  _ rate is fairly high. Some people who are between jobs do extra work as a temporary measure, said McCartney. But professionals, such as lawyers, also do the work because it's interesting. Others with flexible jobs have a desire to do something different. Some homemakers want to get out of the house and onto a movie set. Money's not the motivating reason. \"One of the first things I say to people who walk in and ask about being an extra is, 'You have to be available,' \"said a person at Karen Clifton Agency. Inc. \"The next thing I say is, 'You can't make a living at this.' \" \n Answer: Agents for movie stars.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of people are movie extras?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4faf9f970fa4d2da76f5715b84f1c94",
            "input": "Article: My friend Fowkes, tells a story of a class he took in 1930s, when books were short and expensive. On the first day the professor marched up to the blackboard, looked through his notes, cleared his throat, and began. Fowkes was the only student in the course. Once Fowkes fell ill and missed a class. When he returned, to Fowkes' s astonishment, the professor began to deliver not the next lecture in the sequence but the one after. Had he lectured to an empty hall in the absence of his only student? It was perfectly possible. Today, professors continue to lecture and students to listen much as they did. It' s time for us to abandon the lecture system and turn to methods that really work. Attending lectures is passive learning ,at least for inexperienced listeners. Active learning, in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor, is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn. Most students learn best by engaging in debate. They need small discussion classes that demand a joint effort of teacher and students rather than classes in which one person, however learned, expresses his or her own ideas. The lecture system harms professors as well. It reduces feedback to a minimum, so that the lecturer can neither judge how well students understand the material nor benefit from their questions or comments. Questions that require the speaker to clarify unclear points and comments that challenge inadequately constructed arguments are indispensable to scholarship. Without them, the liveliest mind becomes dull. If lectures make so little sense, why have they been allowed to continue? The truth is that lectures are easier on everyone than debates. Lectures give some students an opportunity to sit back and let the professor run the show. In a classroom where everyone contributes, students are less able to hide and professors have less room to show off how smart they are. Worse still, the lectures too frequently come at the wrong end of the students' educational careers -- during the first two years, when they most need close, even individual, instruction. If lecture classes were restricted to junior and senior undergraduates and to graduate students, who are more academically independent and more capable of working on their own, they would be far less destructive of students' interests and enthusiasms. After all ,students must learn to listen before they can listen to learn. \n Answer: It is far from beneficial for those academically inexperienced students.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the current lecture system?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-915b3b2dd4754d3ca6aa85c884b2df0d",
            "input": "Article: Mosquitoes have an extraordinary ability to target humans far away and fly straight to their unprotected skin. Regrettably,mosquitoes can do more than cause an itchy wound. Some mosquitoes spread several serious diseases,including Dengue,yellow fever and  malaria. Over one million people worldwide die from these diseases each year. New research now   shows how mosquitoes choose who to bite. Mosquitoes need blood to survive. They are attracted to human skin and breath. They smell the carbon dioxide gas,which all mammals breathe out. This gas is the main way for mosquitoes to know that a warm-blooded creature is nearby. But mosquitoes also use their eyes and sense of touch. Michael Dickinson is a professor at the California Institute of Technology. His research shows how these small insects,with even smaller brains,use three senses to find a blood meal. Michael Dickinson's team used plumes--a material that rises into the air of carbon dioxide gas into a wind tunnel. They then used cameras to record the mosquitoes. The insects followed the plume. Then,the scientists placed dark objects on the lighter  colored floor and walls of the  tunnel. Mr. Dickinson said,at first,the mosquitoes showed no interest in the objects at all.      \"What was quite striking and quite surprising is that the mosquitoes fly back and forth for hours. These are hungry females and they completely ignore the objects on the floor and wall of the tunnel. But the moment they get a hit of CO2,they change their behavior quite obviously and now would become attracted to these little visual blobs  .\" This suggested to the researchers that a mosquito's sense of smell is more important in the search for food. Once mosquitoes catch a smell of a human  or animal,they also follow  visual signals. \n Answer: Sense of smell.",
            "output": [
                "What do mosquitoes mainly use to find their targets?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eebf1875e3834afd959c225094607059",
            "input": "Article: Though he wore his whiskers   only four years, today we can hardly think of Abraham Lincoln without them. He often talked about the little girl in Westfield, New York, who suggested in a letter that he grow the famous whiskers. And he would add, \"Sometimes a small thing can change our lives!\" Grace Bedell sat in her room looking at a picture of Lincoln. Her little lamp threw shadows on the picture. A frame   of small shadows lay around the thin face and covered the hollow cheeks  . \"Whiskers!\" she thought. \"How nice!\" she said to herself. \"There will be more people to elect him President if he lets his whiskers grow. Somebody ought to tell him.\" She reached for a pen and began to write the letter. On February 16 of the following year a special train carried the newly elected President Lincoln to the White House. The train stopped briefly at a station near Grace's town. At the station Lincoln was speaking to a large crowd, among whom were the Bedell family. Lincoln continued his speech, \"I have a little friend in this place,\" he said. \"That little lady told me how to improve my appearance, and I want to thank her. If she is present, I would like to speak to her. Her name is Grace Bedell.\" Grace's father led her forward to Lincoln. She looked and laughed happily, for up there on his face were the whiskers. If you visit Springfield, Illinois, today you will see the house in which Abraham Lincoln used to live. On the wall of a room hangs a piece of paper covered with a child's handwriting: \"Dear sir...\" \n Answer: Why Lincoln Grew Whiskers",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2214fb74bb2438b9f9eacc96adeb3e9",
            "input": "Article: A town in Oxfordshire has become the first in the UK to have biomethane gas from human waste piped to their homes for gas central heating and cooking. Up to 200 families in Didcot now receive the gas via the national gas power system. Head of energy and technology at British Gas, Martin Orrill, said customers wouldn't notice any difference as the gas is purified to the highest standard and has no smell. The gas is produced at a sewage treatment works plant in Didcot. The entire process takes only less than three weeks, with the sewage being collected and sent first to settlement tanks. The solid waste material is then fed into digesters, where anaerobic bacteria digest the sewage, with the aid of enzymes to speed up the process. The digestion process produces methane, which can be burned to drive machines to produce electricity, or can be purified and fed into the gas network and piped to homes and businesses. British Gas says supplying the gas rather than electricity is far more efficient since around two-thirds of the energy is lost in producing electricity. Partners in the Didcot project, British Gas, Scotia Gas Networks, and Thames Water, all hope to expand the process to other towns, and other companies such as Ecotricity and United Utilities have also announced biomethane projects being planned. One of these projects, in Manchester, could be supplying 500 homes with biomethane by mid next year. Another British Gas project in Suffolk will provide gas from digestion of brewery wastes to around 235 families. The Didcot project cost PS2.5m and was influenced by promises of government aids aimed at encouraging companies to develop renewable technologies. An EU directive means the UK must ensure at least 15 percent of its energy is from renewable sources by 2020. The UK produces about 1.73 million tons of sewage annually. If all sewage treatment works in the UK were fitted with the technology, they could supply gas for up to 350,000 families. \n Answer: It's an environmentally friendly gas.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true of the biomethane gas?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa91b491a49249efa7fcd78f2e5ecd3f",
            "input": "Article: Low-Cost Gifts for Mother's Day Gift No. I Offer to be your mother's health friend. Promise to be there for any and all doctor's visits whether a disease or a regular medical check-up. Most mothers always say \"no need,\" another set of eyes and ears is always a good idea at a doctor's visit. The best part ? This one is free. Gift No. 2 Help your mother organize all of her medical records, which include the test results and medical information. Put them all in one place. Be sure to make a list of all of her medicines and what times she takes them. \"Having all this information in one place could end up saving your mother's life,\" Dr. Marie Savard said. Gift No. 3 Enough sleep is connected to general health conditions. \"Buy your mother cotton sheets and comfortable pillows to encourage better sleep,\" Savard said. \"We know that good sleep is very important to our health.\" Gift No. 4 Some gift companies such as Presents for Purpose allow you to pay it forward this Mother's Day by picking gifts in which 10 percent of the price you pay goes to a charity   Gift givers can choose from a wide variety of useful but inexpensive things -many of which are \"green\" - and then choose a meaningful charity from a list. When your mother gets the gift, she will be told that she has helped the chosen charity. \n Answer: Be with her.",
            "output": [
                "What are you advised to do for your mother at doctor's visits?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2e12a44a89e24f9d8c4419a43e735f13",
            "input": "Article: Sandra Cisneros was born in Chicago in 1954 to a Mexican American family. As the only girl in a family of seven children, she often felt like she had \"seven fathers,\" because her six brothers, as well as her father, tried to control her. Feeling shy and unimportant, she retreated  into books. Despite her love of reading, she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate. In high school, with the encouragement of one particular teacher, Cisneros improved her grades and worked for the school literary magazine. Her father encouraged her to go to college because he thought it would be a good way for her to find a husband. Cisneros did attend college, but instead of searching for a husband, she found a teacher who helped her join the famous graduate writing program at the University of Iowa. At the university's Writers' Workshop, however, she felt lonely----a Mexican American from a poor neighborhood among students from wealthy families. The feeling of being so different helped Cisneros find her \"Creative voice.\" \"It was not until this moment when I considered myself truly different that my writing acquired a voice. I knew I was a Mexican woman, but I didn't think it had anything to do with why I felt so much imbalance in my life, but it had everything to do with it! That's when I decided I would write about something my classmates couldn't write about.\" Cisneros published her first work,The House on Mango Street, when she was twenty-nine. The book tells about a young Mexican American girl growing up in a Spanish-speaking area in Chicago, much like the neighborhoods in which Cisneros lived as a child. The book won an award in 1985 and has been used in classes from high school through graduate school level. Since then, Cisneros has published several books of poetry, a children's book, and a short-story collection. \n Answer: She felt herself a nobody.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9fd75e1b624d49ff9882f4c8539091c0",
            "input": "Article: One day, President Lincoln went to a party. At the gathering, a man called Douglas was repeatedly talking about Lincoln's low position in life and saying that he first met Lincoln when he was a shop assistant at a village shop. Finally he said, \"And Mr. Lincoln was a very good waiter too.\" People burst into laughter, but they quieted down when Mr. Lincoln said quietly. \"Gentlemen, what Mr. Douglas has said is true. I did keep a grocery , and I did sell cotton, candles and cigars, and sometimes whiskey . But I remember that in those days Mr. Douglas was one of my best customers. I often stood on one side of the counter  and sold whiskey to Mr. Douglas on the other side, but the difference between us now is: I have left my side of the counter, but Mr. Douglas still sticks to his as firmly as ever.\" \n Answer: In a restaurant",
            "output": [
                "Where was Douglas talking about Lincoln's low position in life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bdb1a971ef9e4b48a8d184cfe2f789e3",
            "input": "Article: In the office of the German Chancellor Angela Merkel, there is a picture of Catherine the Great, the legendary Russian Empress. When asked why she has the picture, Merkel says, \"She was a strong woman\". Many say the same of Merkel. The most powerful woman in the world, according to US Forbes magazine, was in China last week. She came to discuss trade and environmental issues with China's top leaders. Germany's first woman leader is known as a brave and practical statesman . Even since her time at school, she had the habit of getting everything in order. Every day before doing her homework she would clean the desk and think about what to do next. \"I prefer a long time for full preparations to make my decision. But once I decide, I will stand up for what I believe,\" Merkel said. Perhaps it was good habits that helped her do well in her studies. At 32, she got a doctorate   in physics and then she worked as a researcher. However, the life of a scholar couldn't put off her love of politics. While working in labs, Merkel took time off to read political books and at last joined a political party. \"Her calmness helped her stand out in the party. She could always find a way out while others felt hopeless,\" said one of her old friends. In her first big political job as Minister for the Environment in 1994, her scientific background proved very useful. In 2005 she became Germany's youngest chancellor since the second World War. Now half way through her four-year term, the 53-year-old woman has made a name for herself both in Germany and abroad. At the EU summit in 2005 when France quarreled with Britain over the EU budget , some people believed the EU was close to breaking down. But Merkel didn't give up. She shuttled  between the heads of the two powers and had them reached an agreement. \"Strength comes from composure  and courage. Many people say I am a strong woman. But I would rather say I have perseverance,\" said Merkel. \n Answer: Because Merkel wants to be a strong woman too.",
            "output": [
                "Why does Merkel put a picture of Catherine the Great on the wall of her office?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e699bf98d114f3390ef9716118da42e",
            "input": "Article: Rules for the University Entrance Examination *You must be at the examination center ten minutes before the examination starts. If you are more than ten minutes late, you may not enter the examination center. The examination takes place at the same time in different states. *You must have proof of your name and grade as well as official examination number. Show these when you come to the examination center. *Depending on which examination you are taking, you may bring certain items into the examination center. Mathematics examinations may allow you to use electronic calculators  . Other subjects may allow you to use dictionaries and other reference material. Please read the notes sent with your timetable carefully. *You must bring your own pencils. None will be provided for you. The following items are not allowed in the examination center: walkmans and radios, head sets, any food or drink, schoolbags, electronic equipment (unless specifically permitted for various subjects), and mobile phones. *Once in the center, you must sit at the desk with your examination number on it. When you sit down, place your examination number at the top comer of your desk. *You must remain silent during the examination. You must not disturb other people who are taking the test. *If you need a drink or toilet break, you should raise your hand and wait for the supervisor   to speak to you. You will be given water or the supervisor will take you to the bathroom. You are not allowed to talk with anyone during the break. *You must write your answers in the official answer sheet. Your supervisor will provide extra paper if you wish to make notes. *You may leave the examination room at any time if you do not plan to return. If you finish early and want to leave, please move well away from the examination center. *The supervisor will warn you fifteen minutes, five minutes and one minute before the end of the examination. When the supervisor says that the time is up, you must put down your pencil and wait at your desk until you paper is collected. \n Answer: A national exam.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of examination are these rules probably for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b5a9e595813d4c20bd92df438a8ceb03",
            "input": "Article: The sun is a huge, hot, bright star. It is important because without it there would be no life on Earth. The sun gives us light and heat.   All living things need light and heat from the sun to live. Plants need light and heat to grow. They use the light from the sun to make food. We cannot make our own food, but plants can. All the food we eat comes from plants in a food chain which starts with the sun. For example,    Animals need sunlight, too. Just like us, their food comes from a food chain which begins with the sun and the plants.   sun- leaf- caterpillar -bird    sun- seaweed -small fish- whale     Sunlight means we can see during the day. If there was no sun, it would be dark all the time. Even when the sky is cloudy, the sunlight is very strong and it shines through the clouds. \n Answer: Huge.",
            "output": [
                "Which words tell us what the sun is like?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ee532d62634a460193a94b939b7e60e0",
            "input": "Article: My color1 television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my  s give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn't fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars lessthan I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn't get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed. Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static   noise. For some reason,when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually,this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it,I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work,and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles  shaking my set. When neither of these methods removed the static noise,I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist,and it stopped working altogether .My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now,but I keep expecting more trouble. \n Answer: He failed to find any movie shows on it.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-164267fafec14cdf97deb3bb33e0a076",
            "input": "Article: If you need to spend time on the road,it's important to find ways to keep safe on your feet. Don't suppose it's your right of way. Yes, you might be crossing at the right place, at the right time, within the crosswalk area, but you are still exposed to danger. It could be a distracted driver, or a cyclist with a loose sense of traffic rules, so you could still get hurt. You can be in the right legally, but that won't be much help when you're in the hospital. Follow pedestrian signals. Just as drivers aren't supposed to speed up to beat a light when crossing through an intersection, pedestrians need to take the same care when obeying their own signals. If the hand is flashing and the countdown is into single digits  ,stay where you are. Trying to outrun the flashing hand is unsafe,especially as cars try to clear the intersection before the light turns red. Give drivers enough time to stop when crossing. Don't suppose that drivers will jam on their brakes when you hit the crosswalk signals. Some provinces, such as Alberta, issue  a ticket if you don't give drivers enough time to brake. Cross quickly. Once you've followed all of the other rules, and it is safe to cross the street, don't then just wander along in front of six lanes  of traffic. There's no need to run or jog, but respect the drivers who respected you enough to stop for you. \n Answer: Pedestrians.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the text intended for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2939a2d9ec374bada004508e0b0447b3",
            "input": "Article: For some students, especially those from poor families, taking a job is not a matter of choice, but necessity. They need to work to save for college, or even to supplement family income. Counselors should help students who have a real need to work improve time management skills and seek employment that helps their educational goals. \"College costs are high, and young adults also want the amenities   that extra money brings,\" according to John B. Boshoven, counselor for continuing education at Community High School in Michigan. However, he warns, \"School is my students' full-time job.\" Studies show that students who work are more confident and possess better time management skills than students who are not employed. In addition to offering a paycheck, some independence, and satisfaction, a part-time job can provide teenagers with both training and experience. Working teaches students about responsibility and can also reinforce   what they are learning in school. \"Colleges want to find candidates who demonstrate maturity, responsibility, independence, and initiative, and good workers certainly demonstrate those important character traits,\" Boshoven says. \"Employers can write excellent recommendation letters for the students who have worked for them.\" On the other hand, experts agree that students who work more than 15 to 20 hours per week often experience lessened school success, which can lead to dropping out entirely. Working long hours can also limit opportunities to build friendships and explore interests that enhance a teenager's intellectual and emotional development. The major point that students should keep in mind is the importance of balance. Dan Crabtree, college and career counselor at Wheaton Academy in Illinois, explains, \"We want our students to establish a healthy balance in life and work to maintain it throughout their lives.\" If working will interfere with completing school work, participating in extracurricular activities, spending time with family and friends, or getting enough rest, it may not be a wise decision. \n Answer: To discuss the issue of students' part-time work.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b41c961ad5b84c14afdbf9cf2efa3cc6",
            "input": "Article: Do you love hamburgers? Do you how they were created? The first hamburgers in U.S. history were served in New Haven, Connecticut, at Louis' Lunch sandwich shop in 1895. Louis Lassen, founder of Louis' Lunch, ran a small lunch wagon selling steak sandwiches to local factory workers. Because he didn't like to waste the excess beef from his daily lunch rush, he ground it up, grilled it, and served it between two slice of bread--and thus America's first hamburger was created. The small _ is still owned and operated by the third and fourth generations of the Lassen family. Hamburgers are still the specialty of the house, where steak is ground fresh each day and hand molded, slow cooked, broiled vertically, and served between two slices of toast with your choice of only three \"acceptable\" garnishes: cheese, tomato, and onion. Want ketchup or mustard? Forget it. You will be told \"no\" in no uncertain terms. This is the home of the greatest hamburger in the world, claim the owners, who are perhaps best known for allowing their customers to have a burger the Lassen way or not at all. \n Answer: Because he didn't want to waste excess beef.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Louis Lassen start making hamburgers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b5a38c502db24a5cb4b5fbcd4f526908",
            "input": "Article: Aggie Bonfire   was a long-standing tradition at Texas A&M University as part of the college rivalry   with the University of Texas at Austin. For 90 years, Texas A&M students--known as Aggies--built and burned a bonfire on campus each autumn. Known to the Aggie community simply as \"Bonfire\", the annual autumn event symbolized Aggie students' \"burning desires\". The bonfire was traditionally lit around Thanksgiving in connection with festivities surrounding the annual college football game. Although early Bonfires were little more than piles of trash, as time passed, the annual event became more organized. Over the years the bonfire grew bigger, setting the world record in 1969. Bonfire remained a university tradition for decades until, in 1999, a collapse during construction killed twelve people--eleven students and one former student--and injured twenty-seven others. The accident led Texas A&M to declare a pause on an official Bonfire. However, in 2002, a student-sponsored-and-off-campus \"Student Bonfire\" came up. In 2003, the event became known as Student Bonfire. In a design approved by a professional engineer, Student Bonfire uses a wedding cake design, but, in a departure from tradition, every log in the stack   touches the ground. For added support, four 24 feet poles are spaced evenly around the stack and then bolted to the 45 feet center pole with a steel pipe. Since the group does not receive funding, Student Bonfire charges a fee to each attendee to cover expenses. Attendance for Student Bonfire ranges from 8,000-15,000 people and the event is held in Brazos County or one of the surrounding counties. \n Answer: 2002.",
            "output": [
                "When did Aggie Bonfire come into being?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4f7f974ff25a47a1bdab23b3f6ab1b64",
            "input": "Article: When it comes to social behaviour,mammals are in a league of their own.Some birds may form pairs,or even cooperate to hunt,but the complexity   of their relationships can hardly compare to those within a school of dolphins,a herd of elephants or a group of humans.What makes mammalian social groups different from a flock of starlings or a shoal of fish,is that in many cases the individuals could recognize each other.Although we may think that  all elephants look pretty much the same,we can easily tell individuals of our own species apart and it has become clear through studies that the same is true of other species.Dolphins have their own signature whistles that act like \"names\",and elephants can recognize and greet other individuals they have known but not seen for many years.This is something that only a few species of birds appear to be able to do. Mammals in complex social groups not only recognize each other as individuals,but also they remember a lot of information about that individual.Social groups often rely on this memory--such as knowing who is dominant to whom,who is related to whom,and who has done what to whom in the past.It's like remembering who you have lent money to or done a favour for,and who hasn't repaid that money or has talked about you behind your back.You have to learn who to trust,who your friends are,and who to watch out for. All this remembering goes on in a particular part of the brain called the neocortex  .If you compare the size of a mammal's social group with the size of this part of the brain,you will find they are remarkably closely related.This area seems to take a long time to develop fully and animals in which it is very large take a very  long time to grow up to adulthood.During this time,the youngster has to learn all the rules of social behaviour in their group and to piece together all  the relationships between the group members:Knowledge that will be needed to avoid getting into trouble. \n Answer: The individuals form closer relationship.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about a mammalian social group according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3a4d979891ef4a68b91a2f4eeb72012b",
            "input": "Article: I was off to go back to work one evening and my two children were busy sewing things on the sewing machine. My 11yearold daughter was, in the midst of her project, going to help her older brother in making a little cushion . I left, and in a few hours returned to find a mess in the kitchen, front room, and both children sitting in front of the television. Having had a long day, I was very short with my greeting to them and then I noticed the material my daughter had used. It had been bought to make a baby blanket, and now had chunks cut out of almost every piece of cloth. Not stopping to listen, I  _ at the children and explained how angry I was at what had been done. My daughter listened to me sheepishly, not trying to defend herself at all, but the pain could be seen written across her face. She went back to her room quietly, and spent some time in there alone before she came out to say good night and once again apologize for the mistake she had made. A few hours later, as I was preparing to go to bed, there on my bed lay a beautiful, little cushion made out of the forbidden cloth, with the words\"I LOVE MOM\". Alongside it was a note apologizing again, and the innocence in which she had taken the cloth. To this day, I still get tears in my eyes when I think of how I reacted and still feel the pain of my actions. It was I who then sheepishly went to her and apologized for my actions. I display with great pride the cushion on my bed, and use it as a reminder that nothing in this world is greater than a child's love. \n Answer: Her daughter used the material wrongly.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the author angry with her daughter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-488887fa10204b0487b0eb16a721316a",
            "input": "Article: Do you know what Street Sense is? It's a newspaper in Washington D.C. about homeless people and problems that affect them. Homeless, or formerly homeless, Washingtonians write many of the articles. The newspaper's business model is based on homeless sellers who sell the newspaper. You can hear them call out \"Street Sense for sale!\" near subway entrances, lunch places and other areas around the city. The Street Sense newspaper is housed in an office in a Christian church in Washington. Every other Wednesday about fourteen thousand copies are printed. The newspaper expresses the thoughts and experiences of people who call the streets home. Four staff members work at Street Sense and two of them are paid. The staff members write the first two pages of the paper. Interns--students working as part of their studies--and volunteers help. Homeless writers provide the rest of the material. This includes poems, stories and essays. Street Sense provides training for the homeless people who want to become part of the sales team. After the training, each student is given ten free copies of Street Sense. Once those are sold, trainees become real salespeople. They buy papers for thirty-five cents each and sell them for a dollar. Lisa Gillespie is the managing editor of Street Sense, She says the newspaper plays a part in homeless people's lives that other media can not. With the help of the newspaper, a lot of homeless people have become confident again, and their lives have also been improved a lot. \n Answer: three times a month",
            "output": [
                "How often is Street Sense printed?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a8d32fdbbeaf4081bb530ae11f9f20bc",
            "input": "Article: Advertisements HOUSE FOR SALE Comfortable family home with a large garden of the north side of the town. Three bedrooms, living room, kitchen, bathroom. Offer over $35,000. JOIN OUR FOOTBALL TEAM Boys and girls want to play in local football team. Aged 9~13. Meet in Green Park on Fridays at 3 Pm.   ROOM FOR RENT    Small room to rent in city center flat above restaurant. Newly painted with modern furniture. Near  main railway station. Buses pass front the door. Phone: 3322108. SEA VIEW HOLIDAY FLATS/ HOTEL Set in lovely gardens. 5 minutes' walk from beach. Children's playground. Enjoy your own cooking in Sea View Holiday Flats. All meals free in Sea View Holiday. \n Answer: there aren't enough bedrooms.",
            "output": [
                "The Browns are looking for a new house. Mr. Brown wants to live in the north of the town near his workplace. Mrs. Brown wants a house with four bedrooms. The Browns' children don't care what the house is like as long as the garden is big enough. Why doesn't the Browns buy the house in the advertisement?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ba693eb9cad41438aa12c924f7cb623",
            "input": "Article: When Jeanne Calment entered the world in 1875, telephones and automobiles still lay in the future. Albert Einstein and Pablo Picasso were not yet born. The Eiffel Tower was 14 years from being built. As a teenager, she met Vincent Van Gogh, near her home in Arles, in the south of France. He was \"very ugly, ungracious  , impolite, sick--I forgive him, they called him loco  \", she recalled. When she died last week at age 122, she was the world's eldest person. (There are others who claimed to the title, but only Calment had the official documents to prove her age.) Each February 21, her birthday, she would share the secrets of long life. Some years it was \"a sense of humour\", others it was \"keeping busy\". \"God must have forgotten me,\" she once explained. The truth probably was that she had good genes: her mother reportedly lived to be 86 and her father 94. Her life had its sadness: she outlived her husband, her only daughter and her grandson. According to a friend, she was _ . \"If you can't do anything about it,\" she reportedly said, \"don't worry about it.\" In her last years she was nearly blind and deaf, but her health remained good. She ate a few bars of chocolate each week and continued smoking until a few years ago, when she could no longer light her own cigarettes. She never lost her sense of humour. On her 110thbirthday, she commented, \"I've only ever had one wrinkle, and I'm sitting on it. \"Her longevity made her famous; her spirit made her eternal  . \n Answer: To emphasize that Calment was born a long time ago.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author mention Albert Einstein, Pablo Picasso and the Eiffel Tower?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a49f1afbb3c84eaf82c616cfde8e946a",
            "input": "Article: Tobacco companies are fighting efforts in the United States and Australia to make their products less appealing. In Washington, a federal judge last week blocked the Food and Drug Administration from requiring new warning labels on cigarette packs. Judge Richard Leon ruled in a case brought by five tobacco companies. The judge temporarily stopped a new federal rule which requires large new warnings starting next September. These include color1 images such as a dead body or diseased lungs. And simple text warnings now appear. Congress called for color1 images showing the dangers of smoking, similar to what Canada does. But the tobacco companies say the new requirements approved in June violate   their free speech rights guaranteed by the Constitution. Judge Leon said the FDA could not require the new labels before a lawsuit  against the government is decided. Some experts say the process could take years. The judge said he believed the cigarette makers were highly likely to win their case. He said the images should be designed to appeal to emotions, rejecting government arguments that they should be purely factual. He accused the government of trying to use the labels to promote an \"obvious anti-smoking agenda?\" The head of an anti-smoking group, the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, called the decision \"wrong on the science and wrong on the law\". About one-fifth of American adults smoke. The World Health Organization says tobacco kills nearly six mil-lion people worldwide each year. More than six hundred thousand of them are non-smokers who breathe other people's tobacco smoke. In Australia, tobacco companies want to stop what would be the world's most restrictive laws on cigarette advertising. Cigarettes could be sold only in plain olive-green packages. Only the brand name and health warnings could appear. The Senate passed the bill last week and sent it back to the Lower House to approve minor amendments  . The law is to go into effect in December of next year. Tobacco companies Say the legislation   violates the Australian constitution. They say it would unjustly reduce the value of their brand names and trademarks. Health Minister Nicola Roxon says the government is ready for a legal fight. \n Answer: The requirements to print new warning labels on their products.",
            "output": [
                "What are the tobacco companies ii1 the United States and Australia fighting against?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c9cc9c6ca8ab41cf920b95a043f8bbab",
            "input": "Article: I am a mother of three girls. Getting married and having children was my childhood goal in life. By the time I had my third daughter, my middle daughter was not quite two and my oldest was three and a half. I loved them so much, yet there were some days I referred to as \"too much of a good thing\".               As any mother of young children knows, when the children are quiet, they're either sleeping or in trouble. This morning, I knew that the only sleeping child at this time of day could be the baby. I was wondering whether I should enjoy the silence or ruin my peace --- and the girls' fun.               Finally, I thought I'd better go and find out what those two were doing. I could hear a noise. It was coming from the bathroom. As I got closer, I could see that the door was closed. I said to myself, \"Oh no, please not the toilet again!\"               Sure enough, when I opened the door I saw Candace and Charity standing around the toilet, dipping their toothbrushes in --- and brushing their teeth! Not only that, but the toilet was unflushed  !               I hardly had any words to speak. As I snatched the toothbrushes out of their hands and flushed the toilet I shouted, \"What are you doing?\"               Candace, my oldest daughter, answered, \"We're brushing our teeth!\" They both smiled at me.               Hoping this was the only time they had ever done this shocking thing, I asked, \"You never did this before, did you?\" Candace answered, \"Oh, we do it all the time, mommy. We do it with yours and Daddy's toothbrush, too!\"               The moral of the story: What you don't know won't hurt you; but when you do find out, it just might kill you! \n Answer: They are lovely but troublesome.",
            "output": [
                "What's the writer's general impression of young children?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3a9e4ba4007448fc9c94f0451d08e0ee",
            "input": "Article: Noah Webster, born on October 16, 1758 , is known for The American Dictionary of the English Language. He has been called the \" Father of American Scholarship and Education. \" His \" Blue-Backed Speller\" books were used to teach spelling and reading to five generations of American children. But how much .do you know about him beyond that? At the age of 16, Noah Webster began attending ,Yale College. Unfortunately, he spent his four years at Yale during the American Revolutionary War, and, because of food shortages, many of his college classes were held in Glastonbury, Connecticut. Later, he served in the army. Having graduated from Yale in 1778, Webster wanted to continue his education in order to earn his law degree. He had to teach school in order to pay for his education. He set up many small schools that didn't survive, but he was a good teacher because instead of forcing his students to learn, like most teachers did, he rewarded them. He earned his law degree in 1781, but did not practice law until 1789. Once he started he found the law was not to his liking. Webster did not have much money. In 1793 , Alexander Hamilton lent him $ 1500 to move to New York City to edit a newspaper. In December, he founded New York ' s first daily newspaper, American Minerva, and edited it for four years. For decades, he published . textbooks, political essays, a report on some diseases, and newspaper articles for his party, He wrote so much that a modern list of his published works required 655 pages .Noah Webster died on May 28, 1843 and was buried in the Grove Street Cemetery. \n Answer: Tough.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best describes Webster's life at Yale?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc2cca63101744e9b4f3b90d926cd489",
            "input": "Article: I believe I've gotten this more than once. One lady told me she thought I was 12 and even told her 14-year-old daughter the same. I saw lots of surprised faces because people were told I was actually 19 years old. I'm actually 19 years old, which isn't much of a problem. I'm like the oldest of my friends and the shortest, which is pretty funny. That's probably one of the reasons I fit in so well with them. I volunteered at a weekend school teaching young children. Parents always looked me up and down like \"why is this 13-year-old girl teaching my child?!??!?\" I guessed it was because I'm also petite ,and I didn't know whether I had a childish face...??? Sometimes I found it funny, sometimes I found it annoying . But I just shrugged it off at last. You know, soon enough people got to know me and then realized I was not actually a 13-year-old girl. This short thing used to be a problem for me, though. I was very very small when I was younger, so kids would  _ me. When I was 12, 8-year-old girls would look down at me like \"I CAN'TBELIEVEYOU'RETWELVE!\" I had always wanted to be tall. But now that I'm older, I got used to it, and I actually love it. You know, I'm fun sized! \n Answer: 19",
            "output": [
                "How old is the writer now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ce7fe88aa69f47d88187b379d0040590",
            "input": "Article: The history of newspapers is an often-dramatic chapter of the human experience going back some six centuries.In Renaissance Europe handwritten newsletters circulated  privately among merchants,passing along information about everything from wars and economic conditions to social customs and \"human interest\" features.The first printed newspaper appeared in Germany in the late 1400s in the form of news pamphlets  or broadsides. In the English-speaking world,the earliest predecessors  of the newspaper were corantos,small news pamphlets produced only when some event worthy of notice occurred.The first successively published title was The Weekly News of 1622.The first true newspaper in English was the London Gazette of 1666. In America the first newspaper appeared in Boston in 1690,entitled Public Occurrences.Published without official permission,it was immediately suppressed .Its publisher was arrested,and all copies were destroyed.The first successful newspaper was the Boston News-Letter,begun by postmaster John Campbell in 1704.By the eve of the Revolutionary War,some two dozen papers were issued at all the colonies.At the war's end in 1783 there were forty-three newspapers in print. The Bill of Rights in 1791 at last guaranteed freedom of the press,and America's newspapers began to take on a central role in national affairs.By 1814 there were 346 newspapers. In the 1830s,advances in printing and papermaking technology led to an explosion of newspaper growth--the emergence  of the \"Penny Press\";it was now possible to produce a newspaper that could be sold for just a cent a copy.The cheap newspaper helped people to get more interesting reading materials easily.In 1850,there were 2526 different papers.By the 1910s,all the basic features of the modern newspaper had emerged. \n Answer: The first printed newspaper was seen about six hundred years ago.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6d5072c752b547adaa6014ca3fc1f01d",
            "input": "Article: Michael, a normal American, stays home on workdays. He plugs into his personal computer terminal in order to connect with the office. After work he puts on his headphones, watches a movie on his home video recorder or plays baseball on the computer. On many days, Michael doesn't talk to any other human beings, and he doesn't see any people except the ones on television. _ . The inventions of modern technology seem to be cutting us off from communicating with our fellow human beings. The world of business is one area in which technology is separating us. Experts say, for example, that many people will soon be able to work at home. With access to a large central computer, employees such as office clerks, insurance agents, and accountants could do their job at display terminals in their own homes. They would never have to actually see the people they're dealing with. Also, the way employees are paid will change. Workers' salaries will be automatically paid into their bank accounts, making paper checks unnecessary. No workers will stand in line to receive their pay or cash their checks. Personal banking will change, too. Customers will deal with machines to put in or take out money from their accounts. Another area in which technology is changing is entertainment. Music, for instance, was once a group experience. People listened to music at concert halls or in small social gatherings. For many people now, however, music is an individual experience. Walking along the street or sitting in their living rooms, they wear headphones to build a wall of music around them. Movie entertainment is changing, too. Movies used to be social events. Now, fewer people are going out to see a movie. Many more are choosing to wait for a film to appear on television or are borrowing videotapes to watch at home. Instead of laughing with others, viewers watch movies in their own living rooms. \n Answer: Modern technology seems to be separating people.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bf07d9ff28db494ca84df0ea1b7d33d5",
            "input": "Article: The American Relay for Life is a life-changing event that gives everyone in communities across the globe a chance to celebrate the lives of people who have battled cancer, remember loved ones lost, and fight back against the disease. At Relay, teams of people camp out at a local high school, park, or an open place and take turns in walking or running around a track or path. Each team is asked to have a representative on the track at all times during the event. Because cancer never sleeps, it's an overnight event of up to 24 hours in length. History of Relay for Life: Relay began in 1985 when Dr. Klatt, a surgeon in Tacoma, Washington, ran and walked around a track for 24 hours to raise money for the American Cancer Society. Since then, Relay has grown from a single man's passion for fighting cancer into the world's largest movement to end the disease. Each year, more than 3.5 million people in 5,000 communities in the United States, along with additional communities in 19 other countries, gather to take part in this global event and raise much-needed funds and awareness to save lives from cancer. Requirements for Relay for Life: Anyone can participate in Relay for Life. Friends, families, neighbors, classmates, sports teams, etc., can form their own teams. No matter who you are, there's a place for you at Relay. The only requirement to participate in Relay for Life is the $10 registration/commitment fee per person. After that, anything you can raise through individual, team, or online fundraising is accepted. It is recommended that each participant sets a personal goal to raise $100. If you raise more, that's even better. Even if you do not raise $100, you are still welcome to participate. If you want to be part of Relay, you can start a team or join an existing team online. You can also make an online donation. By supporting Relay, you help the American Cancer Society save lives, and that helps us move closer to our ultimate goal of a world with less cancer and more birthdays. Online Help: Please check our Online Help&FAQ page for answers to commonly asked questions about online fundraising and about Bark For Life. Local Help: If you have questions that are not answered by the Online Help&FAQ page, or if you would like assistance from your local event representative, feel free to contact Jill Tetherow at (402) 310-2498, or jill.tetherow@cancer.org. Cancer Information&Help: For cancer information and support at any time, visit cancer.org or call 18002272345 to speak to one of our highly trained cancer information specialists. They can answer questions about all things related to cancer -- treatment, insurance, pain, nutrition, and many more. \n Answer: It was started in honor of Dr. Klatt.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Relay for Life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-612127fd85d44014b7f0e01a16ca61f6",
            "input": "Article: So you think you know your dog. But how well does your dog know you? She probably recognizes you when she sees you. But can a dog tell by simply looking at you whether you have a happy or an angry expression on your face? Researchers in Austria have taught pet dogs to know the difference. Dogs are very mindful of sound. When dog owners shout or speak in a strong, unkind voice, dogs often act ashamed and quietly move away from the area. Recently, researchers found that dogs can look at our faces, and tell the difference between a smile and a frown . The animals were able to recognize a look of praise from one of blame. Researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna performed a series of experiments. They taught dogs to recognize facial expressions. They showed the dogs two pictures of either the upper or lower half of a person's face. On one picture, the person looked happy. The other appeared angry. The dogs were then shown images of the eyes or mouths of people they had never seen before. They were also shown the left half of the faces used in training. Corsin Muller led the study. \"We were really speaking, do they realize that smiling eyes have the same meaning as a smiling mouth, or angry eyes have the same meaning as an angry mouth? And it turned out that they really did perform very well in these research experiments.\" Once the dogs learned to recognize which image was happy or angry, they could easily find the same expressions in pictures of any face. Corsin Muller says future studies will try to show whether dogs can learn the meaning of facial expressions--for example, whether a frown shows that someone is angry. In the experiments, researchers found the dogs were slower to link a reward, or prize, with recognition of the angry face. This suggested that dogs had an idea people with angry faces were best avoided. \n Answer: How a dog can know one's expressions.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f8dd39758b6b48c99229331dd47bcf6f",
            "input": "Article: Nikkli was brought up from a vey early age by her father while her sister was raised by her mother. Nikki spent a very small amount of time with her mum and sister when she was about 6 years old, but soon after contact stopped when communication broke down between her parents. She never felt she wanted to find her family while she was growing up. But now with a husband and a son, she decided it was the right time. Nikki didn't know where to start, but her husband's mum had used 192. com for finding people before and recommended it to her. With the help of her son, she started by searching for her sister's full name on the electoral roll   without a location, because she had no idea where she lived, even her date of birth. From that one search, the site returned two results listed in the area they used to live. Nikki decided to call the first number. To her   surprise, it was her long lost sister! So after 20 years, it was one phone call that helped her contact her sister! Her sister then passed her number on to her mother, who called Nikki straight away, and it was like they had never been apart. Her mum was so glad to find out Nikki was well that they arranged to meet everyone that Saturday (3 days after the phone call) where she was reunited with her sister and met her two nephews for the first time. Nikki also found out she had a half   sister and brother. When talking about the reunion, Nikki said, \"192.com made finding my long lost family very easy. I was not on any social networking sites before and surprisingly neither was my sister or mum, so we would never have found each other that way.\" Nikki will be spending her first Christmas tighter with the other side of her family this year. \n Answer: Her telephone number.",
            "output": [
                "What did Nikki know about her sister before her searching?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fa5340d8b35f49e98000a74a5cfbc5eb",
            "input": "Article: She looked at the man walking along the sidewalk next to the nice houses. He didn't live in any of those houses. She had seen this man several times before. He looked like a criminal. She knav not to judge a book by its cover, but this man was no good She drove by him. He looked at her car as she drove by. She continued driving. She watched him in her rear view mirror. She got to the corner and stopped. She continued to watch him walking in her direction. Suddenly, he turned left up a driveway. A red SUV was parked in the driveway right next to the sidewalk. She saw him walk up to the driver's door and put his hand on the handle. He relumed to the sidewalk and continued walking in her direction. \"What was that all about. \" she wondered. Then she realized that he had tested the door to see if it was locked. He is a criminal, she thought That's what he does. He just walks through our neighborhoods looking for cars to break into. She called the police. She described the man. The officer said he knew who the man was. Residents called two or three times a week to report him walking by. But the police couldn't arrest him for walking around. They had to catch him with stolen goods. \"But he was testing that SUV door to see if it was unlocked,\" she said. \"I'm sony,\" said the officer. \"That's not against the law. If you see him actually steal something, give us a call.\" \n Answer: A wandering man",
            "output": [
                "What could be the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-455d77c5162443c48a1da4854bbdc8b7",
            "input": "Article: Last August, I traveled with a group of volunteers to Tres de Mayo, a small community near Tela, Honduras to help renovate   a community centre. During my stay there, I learned many things and I also had plenty of opportunity to interact   and work with local children, and I often could not help but think about the hardships they faced day to day, all factors considered to place children at-risk for problems later in life. One young boy in particular, Javier, 16, stood out for me. Javier's father had left a year earlier for the U. S., and the family had not heard from him since. This put his mother in a difficult position, stay in Tres de Mayo with no job and no source of income. In the end she decided to move to another province to find work. Javier with his little brother had to stay to live with their grandfather in a small house. Many of the children we met in Tres de Mayo were in similar situations. As our last day approached, I remember the look in Javier's eyes, as they welled up  with tears when we told him we were leaving. One of the volunteers held him close, but it did little to _ him. He had already experienced so much loss, his father abandoning him, his mother leaving to find work, and it was hard to realize that our departure  was adding to the list. As I looked beyond Javier, I could see the many men and women whom Javier looked up to, depended on, and gathered strength from. I did know that without parents to raise him, he was not left alone. Instead, the adults in the community took responsibility for the care of their collective young. \n Answer: Javier faced a number of challenges that put him at some risks.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statement is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f81ca4c2e6ed44d4a7058c7afadd18aa",
            "input": "Article: \"In reading the lives of great men, I found that the first victory they won was over themselves... self-discipline with all of them came first.\" -- Harry S. Truman That is the quotation   that had me thinking yesterday. Discipline , in particular self-discipline, is what will get us through most things in life, from writing this simple post to Achieving Greatness for You and I. You may ask, \"Why is discipline important in writing this post?\" For people who have tried writing, you would know how hard it might get sometimes to actually sit down and finish the whole article in one period without getting up every few minutes to get a drink, a snack or toilet break etc. Just with most things in life, often we lack the self-discipline to see us through what we are hoping to do or achieve. One area where self-discipline is clearly important is in losing weight. Some people are constantly looking for quick fix to their weight problem; they will jump at anything that is claimed to help them lose weight in the shortest time. They may lose weight fast, but they will find the result short-term especially if they do not change the way they live and the food they eat. A friend of mine shared his experience going through the journey from 115 kilograms to 56 kilograms in around one year. His journey of losing weight started from a trip with his daughter to the doctor for her check-up. He playfully weighed himself on the weighing machine while his daughter was having the check-up. The doctor saw his weight and made a remark, \"If you maintain that balloon weight, you cannot see your grandchildren.\" That made him decide, \"Enough is enough!\" Not only that, he felt tired easily and his excessive   weight made him feel like a walking balloon. In that moment of awakening, he made decisions to change his lifestyle and eating habits. \n Answer: How to live a healthy life.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mainly talk about in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-42e64fec66b340aeae243c55273b3aef",
            "input": "Article: Public caught up in argument over safety of genetically modified or simply GM products, report Zhang Lei and Zhong Nan in Beijing. More than 300 people gathered to enjoy a bowl of porridge made from genetically modified food on Saturday, an attempt to quell public fears about the safety of the product. The first China Golden Rice Tasting Event was held at Huazhong Agricultural University in Wuhan, Hubei province, sparking another round in the nationwide debate about the safety of GM crops, often called \"Frankenfood\" by opponents. Similar events have been held in more than 28 cities since May, the university said. Both the pro and anti camps have posted conflicting comments on the Internet, with each providing evidence to back up their beliefs, but the exchanges are becoming increasingly bitter. Jiang Tao, a senior engineer at the Center for Agricultural Resources Research at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, who is in favor of GM foods, was annoyed about what he called \"amateurs\" spreading rumors. \"Just look at the people who are opposed to GM foods; can you find anyone from a related field in the scientific community?\" he asked. Jiang also accused the anti-GM lobby of repeatedly using outdated or inaccurate data to support an \"incorrect\" stance. Chen Yunfa, an independent researcher into the Yangtze River Delta economy, recently wrote a commentary on the Internet news portal Eastday in which he criticized the actions of the 61 scientists, saying they had gone \"beyond their proper duty\". He suggested that large multinational corporations might be behind the letter and similar incidents, prompted by a desire to freeze China's patent hybrid rice technology out of the market. To support his contentions, Chen said that GM rice, first produced by scientists in the US, still hasn't gained official approval from the US government. However, the US authorities have actually granted licenses to six varieties of GM rice. The commercial planting of two varieties - anti-herbicide (BAR) transgenic rice LL RICE 06 and LL RICE 62 - produced by the French pharmaceutical company Sanofi-Aventis, was approved in 1999 and a license for cultivation for edible use was granted in 2000. The public outcry for GM labeling and boycotting has hindered the advancement of the technology. Concern about GM foods has been fueled by studies like the one published by French professor Gilles-Eric Seralini in September 2012. Seralini claimed that his research involving rats proved that the GM corn fed to them caused tumor growth. Furthermore, there is growing concern that the pesticides  used on GMOs are contributing to the decline of the world's honey bee population, leading to honey bee deaths by infecting the brains of the insects with toxins. Therefore, some experts recommend the labeling of non-GM foods so that consumers can make that decision without a regulatory burden being placed on GMOs. However, we should be cautious about anything that may risk humans' life. Only time will tell. \n Answer: To draw public's attention to nationwide planting of GM products.",
            "output": [
                "Why did more than 300 people enjoy porridge made from genetically modified food?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-82976535a8f54b59a241aecbf38e2533",
            "input": "Article: Geena David knew she wanted to be a movie star when she was very young. She was not sure what gave her the idea, but she wanted to look like a movie star. \"I have a lot of pictures from my childhood of me wearing sunglasses,\" she says. \"I used to wear them to watch TV.\" Early movie actors started wearing sunglasses not because they looked good, but because their eyes hurt. The lights used on movie sets were extremely bright and could cause a painful problem known as \"Klieg eyes\". It was named after the Klieg brothers who invented the lights. Actors wore sunglasses to give their eyes a rest. But when movie stars began wearing their sunglasses in public, they quickly became a must. Eventually actors started wearing sunglasses in their movies as well as on the street. Audrey Hephburn wore ultra-cool Ray-Ban sunglasses in the 1961 movie, Breakfast at Tiffany's. As a result, Ray-Ban sunglasses started to appear more and more in the movies. In 1979, Ray-Ban \"Wayfarers\" were worn by Jake and Elwood in The Blue Brothers. Tom Cruise wore Ray-Ban \"Aviator\" sunglasses in the 1986 hit, Top Gun. Then in 1997, Will Smith and Tommy Lee Jones made Ray-Ban \"Predator\" sunglasses famous in Men in Black. Of course sunglasses aren't just a fashion statement. The main reason to wear sunglasses is to protect our eyes against UV radiation. UV radiation can damage our eyes, so people now choose their sunglasses carefully. But you don't have to give up style for safety. The choice of frames and lenses available these days is huge. So you can protect your eyes and still be the coolest person on the beach. \n Answer: The sunglasses wearing.",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly discussed in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9bd47cea429943a6aa98e3673a5045b3",
            "input": "Article: We are an established company located in Morrisville in eastern NC. The job offers excellent pay and benefits. Free medical insurance   after 1 year and two weeks of paid vacation. Most of the work is in the afternoon but must be flexible  . No weekends, 401K competitive salary.      You are required to possess all the paperwork necessary to work legally in the US. You must also have a current Drivers License  . Looking for people with a good work ethic that are responsible and punctual. Fax: 9194620935. Tel: 9193880930  DOCTORS AND MEDICAL OFFICERS WANTED      Foreign doctors and medical officers are encouraged to apply as there is a very big gap to fill in the medical sector. Successful candidates will receive a two-year government contract including accommodation and other benefits. We offer a professional working environment and a competitive salary. Your salary will depend on your qualifications and experience.       Full time work guaranteed. Must speak English and at least one local African language. Competency   with minor surgical procedures, HIV/AIDS and clinical trials an added advantage. Fax your resume to Branch Manager 718-599-7365. Tel: 0173545947 ACCOUNT MANAGER DESIRED  Requirements--Some experience in Paid Search Management, including Google Adwords--Strong writing and communication skills--Customer service orientation  --Able to work systematically and to do routine work      Ongoing training and sales support provided. Very realistic $50-100K first year. Fax your resume to 281-807-5074. Tel: 281-807-5073 BOOK KEEPER NEEDED      Position available working two days per week at our San Jose Ca. office.       Position description: shipping paperwork, ordering supplies and filing. $15.00 per hour. 10 hours per day (Tuesday, Friday) Knowledgeable college students welcome. Personal Skills--Energetic and enthusiastic--Hard-working--Honest and reliable      Must have working knowledge of QuickBooks. I look forward to hearing from you. E-mail your resume or fax it to 631-249-8877. Tel: 408-279-2312 \n Answer: In a newspaper ad. column.",
            "output": [
                "Where would we most probably see this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8682401c81b341eba6d7820f774c1029",
            "input": "Article: Paul was a student with a lot of problems.He hated school.He didn't like living with his family in the industrial city of Pittsburgh.Paul wanted to be surrounded by beautiful things.He loved his part--time job as an usher at the concert hall.He helped people find their seats before the concert.Then he could listen to the music and dream of exciting places.     Paul also spent a,lot of time at the local theater.He knew many of the actors who worked there. He used to do little jobs for them.And they would let him see plays for free.Paul had little time left for his studies.So he was always in trouble with his teachers.Finally,Paul's teachers complained again to his father.His father took him out of school and made him take a job in a large company.He would not let Paul go near the concert hall or the theater.     Paul did not like his job as a messenger boy.He began to plan his escape.A few weeks later,Paul's boss,Mister Denny,gave Paul a large amount of money to take to the bank.He told Paul to hurry because it was Friday afternoon.He said the bank would close soon and would not open again until Monday.At the bank,Paul took the money out of his pocket.It was five thousand dollars.Paul put the money back in his coat pocket.And he walked out of the bank.He went to the train station and bought a one--way ticket for New York City.That afternoon Paul left Pittsburgh forever. \n Answer: He liked to work for actors.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Paul love his part-time job as an usher?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4884818c3b794132801473a86546b68f",
            "input": "Article: The other day I heard a few local musicians talking: \" I hate all the terrible pianos in this town. I hate that rubbish they play on the radio. They can't even understand a bit of music.\" \" I'm never playing in that club again. Too many drunks and nobody listens to us.\" But a younger musician said, \"There are a few clubs that book my band a few nights a month, and I'm trying to find other places to play. I'm also looking to book a few summer festivals this year.\" I've heard that you are the average of the five people you spend the most time with, or to put it another way, you are who your friends are. Attitudes are important. Whether they are positive  or negative  ,they are _ . If you are around people who complain about lack of work and about other musicians, or blame others, and you play the role of victim  , chances are you will start as well. So it's time to take a look at the people you call \"friends\". This is an easy exercise: make a list of the people who you hand out with, and simply stop spending time with the negative people on your list. Set a new standard for yourself and don't become friends with people who fall below that standard. Keep successful people around you and your own chances for success will be much better. Ask them how they do it. Ask if they will help you get the work you're looking for, or maybe give you some advice to help you on your career  path.\" \n Answer: Friends are the most important in one's success",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2e9fc12497e4269b6ac29cfdc7a900e",
            "input": "Article: Can technology improve your trip? Meet Judy Williams. When she and her husband recently checked into Blu Hotel in Zurich, a clerk asked them to sign the dotted line on a room rate hundreds of dollars higher than their online offer. \"It was not a cheap stay,\" says Williams, a lawyer from Billings, Mont. But it became more of one after her husband fired up the Booking.com app he'd used to book their room on his smart phone. \"As soon as we showed him the cost, he honored it,\" Williams says. Technology may create challenges for travelers but it can also solve them. It's more than making sure of a hotel cost. The latest Booking.com can help users select hotels by location, make a secure booking and view the confirmed   cost so they never need to re-discuss their hotel price. Another pain point for travelers is traffic that eats away precious vacation time. There's a new app called Commute which is aimed at users who have to make the same trip every day. But if you're headed to Los Angeles or Honolulu, where visitors can easily get stuck in hours of heavy traffic, Commute can help. Just input basic information about your destination and expected leaving time, and the app will start sending you traffic information 15 minutes before you leave. Testing Commute proved to be a challenge for me, because my home address is about 900 miles from my place of work. But if you have only a short distance to travel through a heavily populated area, you can use Commute to avoid traffic jams. Another source of travel-related problems is money. That's particularly true when you're dealing with a foreign currency. The latest Travel Money Tracker helps travelers prevent currency mix-ups. It immediately changes a country's native currency to yours, so you know exactly how much that Espresso   in Milan costs in dollars. It can also warn you when you're overspending, which can sometimes be a problem when you're on vacation. The only catch, of course, is that you have to remember to record all your purchases. Taken together, these apps solve some of the most common travel problems. But not all of them. Some things, no smart phone can fix, which means I get to keep my job - for now at least. \n Answer: Technology can make our trips better.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer want to tell through the example of Judy Williams?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-03f2c8c577d14daea3e02ec895c872c0",
            "input": "Article: Drinking Water: Bottled or From the Tap? In America, people will include a case or two of bottled water when buying the week's groceries. When they are going to a soccer game or activity, it's common for them to grab a cold bottle of water out of the fridge with them.In fact, Americans buy more bottled water than any other nation in the world, about 29 billion bottles a year. But all these plastic bottles use a lot of fossil fuels and pollute the environment.In order to make all the 29 billion bottles, producers use 17 million barrels of crude oil, which is enough to keep a million cars going for 12 months. So why don't people drink water straight from the tap? Some people have a strong belief that bottled water is better than water out of the tap, but that's not necessarily true.In the US, the local governments make sure water from the tap is safe.There is also growing concern that chemicals in the bottles themselves may go into the water. People love the convenience of bottled water.But maybe if they realized the problems it causes, they would try drinking from a glass at home or carrying water in a reusable steel container instead of plastic. Some argue that plastic bottle recycling can help.Recycled bottles can be turned into items like carpeting or clothing.Unfortunately, only one in six bottles is recycled.The rest make it to landfills or end as trash in other places.Plastic bottles take hundreds of years for them to _ . Water is important for you, so keep drinking it.But think about how often you use water bottles, and see if you can make a change. And yes, you can make a difference.Remember this: Recycling one plastic bottle can save enough energy to power a 60-watt light bulb for six hours. \n Answer: Bottled water is more convenient than water from the tap.",
            "output": [
                "Why do Americans prefer bottled water?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-44645e1ab31648b3bd527ba76338f752",
            "input": "Article: Unlike many surfers who sought the perfect wave, my interests always lay beneath the sea' s surface in a world I could only imagine and dream of.When I was twelve, I made my first adventures in the deep.Later I would learn how to dive, expanding my world of exploration many times over. Perhaps the greatest turning point in my life came when I was in high school and I wrote a letter to the famous Scripps Oceanographic Institution, asking how I might learn more about the sea.A kind scientist answered my letter and told me how to apply to Scripps for a summer scholarship, which I received.During one of their courses that summer, I met Dr.Robert Norris, a marine geologist.He loved the sea almost as much as I did.Soon he suggested I consider his school, the University of California, for my study.One year later I became a member of the freshman class. Now my love affair with the sea became a serious endeavor .If I wanted to be an undersea explorer, I needed to learn as much as I could about the laws of the physical world that controlled the environment I wanted to enter.The undersea world is not our natural world.It is unforgiving to those who make mistakes.At its greatest depths the water temperature is near freezing, the pressure is eight tons per square inch, and it is totally dark.It is easy to get lost in such a world.I needed to learn a lot about geography, navigation, geology, biology, and many other things. I decided another important thing for me to do was to join the U.S.Navy.If I was going to be an undersea explorer, I would have to lead men and women on dangerous adventures where they might get hurt, and I didn't want that to happen. In the Navy I learned discipline, organization, and how to motivate and lead people on adventures so that we could explore the wonders of the deep. Finally, the time came to put all that I had learned to use, to go forth with a team of men and women and explore an adventure I am still on and hope to be on for many years to come. \n Answer: He began to swim under the deep water.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to the author at the age of twelve?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-09e369af829b43b49d734ecad12a6792",
            "input": "Article: Boris Worm of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia ,prefix = st1 /Canada, led the international team that did the study . Professor Worm says species have recently been disappearing from oceans at increasing speed . At this rate , he says , all seafood species could collapse could collapse by 2048 .        Other studies have also warned about the dangers of overfishing and the effects on ocean environments . But not everyone thinks the oceans are likely to be empty in fifty tears . Some scientists said parts of the world do have problems , but others are doing a good job of protecting fish populations . Government officals in several countries with large fishing industries also questioned the research .        The study appeared earlier this month in Science magazine .        The researchers say damage to oceans affects not only fish populations but also the productivity of ecosystems . These complex systems help control water quality . The scientists say the loss of different kinds of sea life appeared to increase the f fish kills and beach closures from harmful algae growth .        The scientist examined the results of thirty-two experiments and observed forty-eight protected areas . They also looked at records of catches worldwide . They studied records from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization from nineteen fifty to two thousand three . And they examined archeological information and other historical records for twelve coastal areas . That research back over a thousand years .        Boris Worm says the findings were , in his words , \" beyond anything we suspected . \" But he also said the situation is not too late to correct . He said that with good fisheries management , some species could completely recover in three to ten years . \n Answer: Less productivity of ecosystems",
            "output": [
                "Which of the  following isn't the damage to the oceans ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-120d05cafeb041cea7ee0ce830fc9fc9",
            "input": "Article: A graded reader is a book containing simplified languages used to help learners master the language. Readers come in different levels, from beginners to advanced. English learners need to choose a reader that is suitable for their level. Why use readers? Lots of research shows that extensive reading improves all aspects of language learning, including vocabulary, speaking skills, fluency ,writing skills and reading comprehension. prefix = st1 /Reading is a way of learning English without classes or a teacher. It helps develop learner independence. And while reading graded readers, learners don't have to run to a dictionary because the language is at their level. How do I get started? The entire class can read the same book or different books at different times. How do I know the right level? If your class is all reading the same book, choose one that is appropriate for their level. If your students are reading different books, you can have a selection of books at different levels. In this case, don't worry too much about the level. A learner who is interested in detective stories might read a higher level book if the motivation is there. How to read the book depends on students' age, motivation and class time available. Some classes like to read silently, others like to read aloud in small groups and some enjoy being read to by the teacher. Be sensitive to the class and ask for their opinions. Some pre-reading activities are needed. Before students open a book, it is important to spark interest in the story and in the whole process of reading. For example, ask them to guess what the story is from cover, chapter titles and let students put them in the best order, or discuss the author. During reading, choose a suitable chapter or chapters that can be broken down to make a comic strip  . Or students select a part of the book to make into a radio play. Students can also become journalists and report on parts of the story. Choose a piece of action and have students write it up. Besides, students can role-play an interview with a character. \n Answer: Pupils.",
            "output": [
                "Who do you think the passage is written mainly for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9990c918ce14c8cbd7ac14336fb33db",
            "input": "Article: Yao Ming told at a news conference that a series of foot and leg injuries forced him to end his playing career at the age of 30. \"I will formally end my career,\" said Yao, who became a household name in China before starting his NBA career with the Houston Rockets in 2002. Yao played eight seasons in the NBA. \"Today is an important day for me and holds a special meaning for both my basketball career and my future,\" Yao said. \"I had to leave the court since I suffered a stress fracture in my left foot for the third time at the end of last year. My past six months were a painful wait. I have been thinking about my future over and over. Today I am announcing a personal decision, ending my career as a basketball player and officially retire. _  Yao said he would return to work with his former Chinese team, the Shanghai Sharks, with the possibility of becoming general manager. He already owns the club and wants to contribute more. \"My playing career started with the club. I hope I can do something for it,\" Yao said. He later appeared with his family on the stage to the applause and cheers of the crowd. He thanked a lot of people--his family, former coaches, even players like Shaquille O'Neal--\"for making me a better player. I will be always with you. Thank you.\" Rockets general manager Daryl Morey was among those attending the farewell conference. Morey made the long trip from Houston. Morey said 20 hours on plane was tiring but he would be sorry if he wasn't here. \"It's a big moment,\" Morey added. \"Yao had a sense of humor, a great attitude and a sense of responsibility. I hope we can continue his culture in the NBA.\" \n Answer: Yao Ming retires from basketball",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1344ae11fd4e4aba8790edafb19e9383",
            "input": "Article: Sam Trafton was my violin teacher and what he said during one of my lessons often came back to me years later. One day he asked me how much I practiced, I said three or four hours a day. \"Do you practice in long stretches, an hour at a time?\" \"I try to.\" \"Well, don't,\" he shouted. \"When you grow up, time won't come in long stretches. Practice in minutes, whenever you can find them five or ten before school, after lunch, between household tasks. Spread the practice through the day.\" When I was teaching at Boston, I wanted to write a novel, but for two years I got practically nothing down on paper, and my excuse was that I had no time. Then I remembered what Sam had said. During the next week I did an experiment. Whenever I had five minutes unoccupied, I sat down and wrote a hundred words or so. To my surprise, at the end of the week I had finished a chapter. Later on I continued my novels by the same piecemeal method.Though my teaching schedule had become heavier than ever, every day there were unoccupied moments that could be caught and put to use. However, you must get into your work quickly. If you have only five minutes for writing, you can't afford to waste four chewing your pencil. You must make your mental preparations beforehand, and concentrate on your task almost instantly when the time comes. Fortunately, rapid concentration is easier than most of us realize. Sam Trafton has had a great influence on my life. He let me know that life can be _ to supply you short moments and even very short periods of time can add up to all useful hours you need, if you start without delay. \n Answer: Rapid concentration is actually more difficult than most people imagine",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f609a9da84bf417ebc7a99c761c309a6",
            "input": "Article: Perhaps you have seen them on the playground, at preschool drop-off or piano lessons, or even in TV shows like Up All Night. They are the stay-at-home dads, and lately, it seems they're everywhere. The latest research shows that 32 percent of dads regularly care for their children, and among those with preschool-age kids, one in five dads is the primary caregiver. In families where mom works, that figure rises to nearly one in three. Stay-at-home dads have become so common that even toy makers like Mattel are catering to  them. A recent study finds that today's full-time fathers aren't trying to be \"Mr. Moms\". Instead, they're carving out their own unique roles as parents. I spoke with some experienced stay-at-home dads, who agreed that their parenting styles are different. \"I do let the kids take more risks on the playground, while my wife tends to get nervous that they'll fall and hurt themselves,\" says Kyle, 38, an artist. Besides, as there are more and more stay-at-home dads, they are turning to each other for support. They have created Meet Up groups and held Dads Nights Out. Kyle admits he had noticed a change recently. \"Several years ago, I was checking out at a store with the kids, and the cashier was very curious why I was buying food instead of my wife. I told her that I was a full-time dad, and she commented, 'Wow, I have never met one of you before.' Now, my next-door neighbor is a dad who works from home and we often trades off watching the kids after school. \" As for my own husband, although he admits that being a full-time dad is encouraging, he's also proud of the strong bond with our daughter, which will offer her benefits that last for years. Children wit caring dads tend to have higher intelligence and more confidence, and do better in school. They also are less likely to experience depression or get into trouble, and have better social skills. \n Answer: They influence the choices their children make.",
            "output": [
                "Why toy makers catering to stay-at-home dads?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bf2cb8b182e74002b76692dd0005f63a",
            "input": "Article: When I asked my daughter which item she would keep; the phone, the car, the cooker, the computer, the TV, or her boyfriend, she said\"the phone\". Personally, I could do without the phone entirely, which makes me unusual. Because the telephone is changing our lives more than any other piece of technology. Point 1 The telephone creates the need to communicate, in the same way that more roads create more traffic. My daughter comes home from school at 4:00 pm and then spends an hour on the phone talking to the very people she has been at school with all day. If the phone did not exist, would she have anything to talk about? Point 2 The mobile phone means that we are never alone. \"The mobile saved my life,\"says Crystal Johnstone. She had an accident in her Volvo on the A45 between Otley and Skipton. Trapped inside, she managed to make the call that brought the ambulance  to her rescue. Point 3 The mobile removes our secret. It allows marketing manager of Haba Deutsch, Carl Nicolaisen, to ring his sales staff all round the world at and time of day to ask where they are , where they are going, and how their last meeting went. Point 4 The telephone separates us. Antonella Bramante in Rome says, \"We worked in separate offices but I could see him through the window. It was easy to get his number. We were so near----but we didn't meet for the first two weeks!\" Point 5 The telephone allows us to reach out beyond our own lives. Today we can talk to several complete strangers simultaneously ( ) on chat lines (at least my daughter does. I wouldn't know what to talk about). We can talk across the world. We can even talk to astronauts (if you know any) while they're space-walking. And, with the phone line hooked up to the computer, we can access  the Internet, the biggest library on Earth. \n Answer: People communicate more because of more traffic.",
            "output": [
                "How do you understand'Point 1 --The telephone creates the need to communicate,6...'?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-98d34c00e43743e4ae46d040ccc42885",
            "input": "Article: Nobody Benefits NEW YORK--America has been experiencing the longest economic increase in its history.Incomes have risen, unemployment has fallen, and cities such as New York are bursting with new office buildings. But just a short walk from Manhattan's skyscrapers, George Brown sits on the side-walk, cooking a lunch of rice and bits of fish over a can of cooking fuel. Brown is homeless -- one of the 2.3 million people in the US who end up on the street. During the day, Brown collects aluminium cans and sells them for five cents a piece.At night, he sleeps on the street. \"I have been on the street about eight or nine years, something like that,\" said the 62-year-old former construction worker. Brown admits he's had problems with alcohol and has smoked cocaine.But he said he still wants a more stable housing arrangement.He could afford it just with the money he earns by collecting cans and small pieces of metal, if only truly low-income housing were available. However, he sees no hope of finding affordable housing in New York. With the strong economy and unemployment down, beautiful housing is being built to meet demand. A US report shows rents in New York city rose more than 27 percent between 1984 and 1999, from US $549 to US $700 a month. One of the side effects of the strong economy is that rents have been going up. The majority of people who experience homelessness really just need some affordable housing help. But few housing companies have been built for the poor.Many small apartments in the city now rent for US $1,500 a month or more. Brown, the homeless New Yorker, said he has a daughter who lives in the city but he rarely sees her.She is angry about his drinking and won't allow it in her house. Smiling, he said he also has seven grandchildren whom he'd like to see more often. \"All I've got to do is clean up my act,\" he said. \n Answer: Homeless and sleepless",
            "output": [
                "What kind of life does George Brown lead?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-24b6e1b707634bb9a1b392536a0622aa",
            "input": "Article: If you want to become a fluent English speaker you should take some advice. There are four skills in learning English. They are reading, listening, speaking, and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills, you should first master the skills of reading and listening. Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentence, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc. There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammars or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you _ , but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example, in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it. As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes. You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening. Since you have lots of inputs in your mind, you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say. This never means that you should not practice listening. For listening you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children. Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes. If you follow these pieces of advice, your speaking and writing will improve quickly, and you can be a fluent English speaker one day. \n Answer: Reading and listening.",
            "output": [
                "According to the writer, which should you improve first among the four skills?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e7d292a7e7bd48838e1d79d00922b5d9",
            "input": "Article: The painter Georgia O'keeffe was born in Wisconsin in 1887 and grew up on her family's farm. At seventeen she decided she wanted to be an artist and left the farm for schools in Chicago and New York, but she never lost her bond with the land. Like most painters, O'Keeffe painted the things that were most important to her, and nearly all her works are simplified portrayals of nature. O'Keeffe became famous when her paintings were discovered and exhibited in New York by the photographer Levered Stieglitz, whom she married in 1924. During a visit to New York in 1929, O'Keeffe was so moved by the bleak  landscape and broad skies of the Western desert that she began to paint its images. Cows' skulls and other bleached  bones found in the desert figured prominently  in her paintings. When her husband died in 1946, she moved to New Mexico permanently and used the horizon lines of the desert, colorful flowers, rocks, barren  hills, and the sky as subjects for her paintings. Although O'Keeffe painted her best known works in the 1920's, 1930's and 1940's, she continued to produce tributes(, ) to the Western desert until her death in 1986. O'Keeffe is widely considered to have been a pioneering American modernist painter. While most early modern American artists were strongly influenced by European art, O'Keeffe's position was more independent. She established her own vision and preferred to view her painting as a private endeavor. Almost from the beginning, her work was more indentifiably American than that of her contemporaries in its simplified and idealized treatment of color, light, space, and natural forms. \n Answer: O'Keeffe was a distinctive modern American painter.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best tells what this passage is about ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe965492020b460b810a02eb435d26c7",
            "input": "Article: I'm perfectly aware that many people you know probably think you re crazy for wanting to travel instead of settling into a typical 9-5 lifestyle. It's difficult for others to understand your goals.  Well, 1 certainly don't think you're crazy. In fact, every traveler I know would agree   that you're only crazy if you decide not to go after your goals in life. I started traveling back in 1999, shortly after graduating from university. My plan was to backpack around Southeast Asia for three months and then return to the US to become a sports agent. However, just one week into that trip, I realized that  tbree months of travel simply wasn't enough. The only problem was that I had less than $1,500 to my name. Fast forward lo today... Over the past 15 years, 1 have discovered, and taken advantage of, endless opportunities that have allowed me to continuously live, travel, study and earn money in over 85 countries. The point is, if I can make it happen with $1,500 and no idea what I was doing, you can  make it happen as well. And with the knowledge and experience I'm  about to pass on to you in this guide , you're  going to have a much easier path ahead than I ever did! If you are constantly wondering how you can possibly achieve all of your travel goals during this lifetime, I just want to repeat everything you, re dreaming about really can be achieved. It'll take some haixl work and determination for sure, but when you find yourself living or  traveling or working overseas, enjoying rewarding experiences, you'11 be thankful that you  decided to choose a life of travel. And I honestly  can't wait to meet up with you in some foreign land where we can swap travel stories over a beer or coffee or tea! \n Answer: Lack of money.",
            "output": [
                "What difficulty did the author once meet?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f21f8b071cb24e618d28e318df053475",
            "input": "Article: Good news for middle and high school students. When it comes to sleeping a little longer, physicians are on your side. On Monday, the American Academy Pediatrics  announced its recommendation that middle and high schools start at 8:30 a.m.or later. \"Doing so will match school schedules to the biological sleep patterns of adolescents,\" the AAP writes in a press release regarding its new policy statement called \"School Start Times for Adolescents\" . \"Chronic  sleep loss in adolescents is one of the most common public health issues in the U.S.today,\" according to Judith Owens, director of Sleep Medicine at Children's National Health System. \"The research is clear that adolescents who get enough sleep have a reduced risk of being overweight or suffering depression, are less likely to be involved in automobile accidents, and have better grades, higher standardized test scores and an overall better quality of life,\" Owens said in the press release. \"Studies have shown that delaying early school start times is one key factor that can help adolescents get the sleep they need to grow and learn.\" Even before the AAP's announcement, school districts across the country have been rethinking start times. Earlier this year The New York Times wrote about Dos Santos, a student at Rock Bridge High School. When Dos Santos learned that school officials were considering starting school 30 minutes earlier than the existing time, she became worried.The student gathered others to her cause. In the end, school officials decided against the earlier start time. One of the organizations that Dos Santos reached out to for help was Start School Later, a nonprofit organization that focuses on getting public schools to set \"healthy school hours.\" \"It's going to take collective action, perhaps on a national scale, to get many districts to take on this issue,\" Terra Ziporyn Snider, PhD, director and co-founder of Start School Later, told Yahoo Health. \"The science is clear, the will to change isn't,\" she explained. \"The reason for that is that community life goes around school schedules, and any suggestion of change - earlier, later, whatever - brings powerful opposition from everyone who fears a change in routine.\" \n Answer: Dr.Snider is director of this nonprofit organization.",
            "output": [
                "What can be learned about Start School Later?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-88b6393d33b74a40a91d9fc34df98f90",
            "input": "Article: I needed to get some money so, after Christmas, I took a job in the clothes department at Graham's for the first fortnight of the January sale.I can't say that I enjoyed it, but it was an experience I'll never forget. I could never understand why there were so many things in the sales, where did they all come from? Now I know the secret! Firstly, there is the special winter stock   and the stock that people buy all the year round;  some of these things are slightly reduced.Secondly, there are the summer clothes they couldn't sell last year; these are heavily reduced to clear them.Thirdly, there are cheap clothes bought in specially for the sales; these are put out at high prices ten days before the sale begins and then are reduced by 60% in the sale.Clever! Lastly, they buy in \"seconds\"(clothes not in perfect condition) for the sale and they are sold very cheaply. When I arrived half an hour before opening on the first day of the sale, there was already a queue around three sides of the building.This made me very nervous. When the big moment arrived to open the doors, the security guards looking less confident than usual, came up to them, keys in hand.The moment they had unlocked the doors, they hid behind the doors for protection as the noisy crowd charged in.I couldn't believe my eyes; this wasn't shopping, it was a battlefield! One poor lady couldn't keep her feet and was knocked over by people pushing from behind. Clothes were flying in all directions as people searched for the sizes, colours and styles they wanted.Quarrels broke out.Mothers were using their small children to crawl through people's legs and get hold of things they couldn't get near themselves. Within minutes I had half a dozen people pushing clothes under my nose; each wanting to be the first served.Where had the famous English queue gone? The whole day continued like that, but I kept my temper81 was taking money hand over fist and began to realize why twice a year, Graham's were happy to turn their expensive store into a battlefield like this. In the sale fever; people were spending money like water without thinking whether they needed what they were buying.As long as it was a bargain it was OK.You won't believe this.But as soon as I got home I crashed out for four hours.Then I had dinner and went back to bed, fearing the sound of the alarm which would tell me to get ready for the second day of the sale. \n Answer: Clothes for winter.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of clothes is likely to be s0ld 5% cheaper?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c5db480bc8f4f7e82690421e4dcb260",
            "input": "Article: The Zen of Cat     The Man was very sad. He knew that the Cat's days were numbered. The doctor had said there was not anything more that could be done, and that he should take the Cat home and make him as comfortable as possible.     The Man stroked the Cat on his lap and sighed. The Cat opened his eyes, purred and looked up at the Man. A tear rolled down the Man's cheek and landed on the Cat's forehead. The Cat gave him a slightly annoyed look.     \"Why do you cry, Man?\" the Cat asked. \"Because you can't bear the thought of losing me?  Because you think you can never replace me?\" The Man nodded \"Yes.\"     \"And where do you think I'll be when I leave you?\" the Cat asked. The Man shrugged helplessly. \"Close your eyes, Man,\" the Cat said. The Man gave him a questioning look, but did as he was told.     \"What color1 are my eyes and fur?\" the Cat asked. \"Your eyes are gold and your fur is a rich, warm brown.\" the Man replied.     \"And where is it that you most often see me?\" asked the Cat. \"I see you...on the kitchen windowsill watching the birds...on my favorite chair...on my desk lying on the papers I need...on the pillow next to my head at night.\" \"Then, whenever you wish to see me, all you must do is to close your eyes,\" said the Cat.    \"Close your eyes again,\" the Cat said. \"Now lick your hand.\" The Man widened his eyes in surprise. \"Just do it,\" the Cat said. \"Lick your hand, and think of me in all my familiar places.\"     The Man felt foolish, licking his hand, but he did as he was told. He discovered what a cat must know, that licking a paw is very calming and allows one to think more clearly. He continued licking and the corners of his mouth turned upward into the first smile he had shown in days. He waited for the Cat to tell him to stop, and when he didn't, he opened his eyes. The Cat's eyes were closed. The Man stroked the warm, brown fur, but the Cat was gone.     The Man shut his eyes hard as the tears poured down his face. He saw the Cat on the windowsill, then in his bed, then lying across his important papers. He saw him on the pillow next to his head, saw his bright gold eyes and darkest brown on his nose and ears.  One day, not long after, there was a new cat on his lap. She was a lovely spotted and white...very different from his earlier beloved cat and very much the same. \n Answer: Because he would leave the Cat.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the Man sad and cried?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-01a04cfa489749509bccdaa85c9a25d1",
            "input": "Article: December usually marks the start of humpback whale season in Hawaii. But experts say the animals have been slow to return. The giant whales are an iconic part of winter on the islands and a source of income for tour operators. But officials at the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary said they've been getting reports that the whales have been difficult to spot so far. \"This isn't a concern. But it's of interest. One theory was that something like this happened as whales increased. It's a product of their success,\" said Ed Lyman. He is a Maui-based resource protection manager and response coordinator for the sanctuary. \"What I'm seeing out there right now is what I expected a month ago,\" said Lyman. He said he was surprised by how few of the animals he saw while responding to a call about a distressed calf on Christmas Eve. \"We've just seen a handful of whales.\" It will be a while before officials have hard numbers. That is because the annual whale counts don't take place until the last Saturday of January, February and March. This is according to former sanctuary co-manager Jeff Walters. \"They don't necessarily show up in the same place at the same time every year,\" Walters said. More than 10,000 humpback whales make the winter journey from Alaska to the warm waters off Hawaii. There, they mate and give birth. Lyman said the whales' absence could just mean they're spending more time feeding in northern waters. That's possibly because of El Nino disruptions. Or it may be because their population has gone up. \"With more animals, they're competing against each other for that food resource, and it takes huge energy reserves to make that long migration over 2,000 miles,\" he explained. \n Answer: They are largely hunted by humans.",
            "output": [
                "Which isn't the reason why humpback whales are slow to return according to Lyman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f8059db2d6f451ba97b303351a99ee0",
            "input": "Article: A 33-year-old financial analyst in California recently quit his job to devote himself to an unpaid job teaching math on the Internet, and his lessons are reaching almost 100,000 people a month. Salman Khan's voice is heard every day on the net -- by tens of thousands of students around the world who are hungry for help learning math. He has posted 1,200 lessons on You Tube --lessons that appear on an electronic blackboard, which range from basic addition to advanced mathematics for science and finance. And they are free. Khan lives in Silicon Valley, with his wife, a doctor, and their new baby. He got the idea for his \"Khan Academy\" four years ago, when he taught a young cousin how to convert kilograms to grams. With Khan's help, the cousin got good at math, and Khan began a new career. Now, Khan records his lessons himself, but he never goes on camera. \"It feels like my voice in their head. You're looking at it and it feels like someone's over your shoulder talking in your ear, as opposed to someone at the blackboard, which is distant from you,\" he said. When Springfield High School in Palo Alto, California invited Khan to speak in person--he immediately connected to the students there. The idea of short lessons that can be played over and over again attracted high school senior Bridget Meaney. She says she had trouble with math in the seventh grade. \"I think the teachers are good, but they can't teach at a speed that's perfect for everyone,\" she said. \"I like the idea of learning something in class but then going back and pressing pause or rewind and actually getting a deeper understanding of it.\" Originally, Khan kept his lessons short because of YouTube restrictions. Now, he thinks short is better. \"Education researchers now tell me that 10 minutes is how long someone can have a high level of concentration. And anything beyond that and your brain switches off,\" he said. For Khan, teaching math, science, and finance is just the beginning. He says he's ready to expand his YouTube site to include other subjects as well. \n Answer: His success in helping his cousin learn math.",
            "output": [
                "What gave Khan the idea of teaching math online?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6bd6a1777d9c4289a3ad1582f7b31686",
            "input": "Article: To switch or not to switch, that is the question.Google's announcement of its Nexus One smartphone  happened over a week ago and I'm still receiving lots of e-mails from readers asking the same question: Should they give up their iPhone for the Nexus One? Some people with iPhones, disappointed by American Telephone&Telegraph's inadequate service and the high monthly cost, are wondering if they have really got something to replace it.Does the Nexus One offer the functions that Apple has led them to expect? I'm on the fence myself, even though I never thought I'd be interested in anything but the iPhone.From my experience using the Nexus One, and from talking to people who have made the change, it's not necessarily about the differences between the iPhone and the Nexus One.The phones are extremely similar in design and general feel.Instead, the decision can be made based on the software  services you use on your desktop. My friend Chad Dickerson received a pre-launch Nexus One from Google three weeks ago.He said Google's phone feels connected to certain services on the Web in a way the iPhone doesn't.\"Compared to the iPhone, the Google phone feels like it's part of the Internet to me,\" he said.\"If you live in a Google world, you have that world in your pocket in a way that's cleaner and more connected than the iPhone.\" Personally, the phones work perfectly with their own software, but both of them don't make an effort to play well with other services. \n Answer: Because of the terrible software they can use..",
            "output": [
                "Why are some iPhone users expecting a new type of phone?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-efbf95114c8545f29a60025666974a6c",
            "input": "Article: India is traditionally a tea-drinking country. But, it is now gaining a new taste for coffee. This has led international coffee companies to consider opening businesses in the huge market. Local business people are also hoping to profit from the country's tea-drinking habits. They want to open new stores that offer tea. It is ten thirty in the morning in India. Two cafes are within meters of each other, near a college in New Delhi. And they are selling a lot of tea. Their main customers are undergraduate students. \"We have a lot of break between classes, so whenever we get time, we just go and we enjoy ourselves. It's a lot of fun , especially when you are with people you enjoy spending time with.\" In the past ten years , cafes have become increasingly popular in India. The country's huge young population have quickly taken to the coffee culture. Coffee stores have spread from major cities like New Delhi and Mumbai to smaller towns. Coffee use has doubled in the last ten years . It is the success of this market that has gained the attention of companies like the American-based coffee chain Starbucks. The company will open its first store in India later this year. Other companies like Lavazza and Costa Coffee are already there. Yet, the growth of coffee will not reduce the popularity of tea. Indians drink eight times more tea than coffee. They have been drinking tea for more than one hundred and fifty years. India is one of the world's biggest producers of tea, which is known locally as \"chai\". Outside homes and offices, it is mostly sold by small businesses on the street. \n Answer: Indians come to like the taste of coffee.",
            "output": [
                "Why do international coffee companies consider opening businesses in India?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-adab9448203642dd9a88a6877130b758",
            "input": "Article: I was born in a middle class family. At one time, I was a girl who was talkative and confident. Friends around me envied me that l was always keeping a smile on my face and regarded me as a little happy swallow.     However, things have changed with the passage of time. In 2006, I failed to get into my ideal university. But I didn't want to give up, so I was determined to retake the exam in 2007. At that time, I was confident in showing my abilities.     Unfortunately, things didn't go well again. I can clearly remember that it was on August 15th of 2006 that my family received a bad news from my  s. It wasn't until then that I came to realize how much of burdens I have to bear. Having heard that my elder sister suffered from mental illness, I couldn't help crying in class. Reluctant to accept the fact, I often said to myself 'God is just playing with me. It can't be true.' For this reason, I had struggled with these difficulties for a long time. During the fourth year of senior life, I almost buried myself in great grief. As a result, I had no appetite for study any more, and I even gave up. Consequently, I failed, once more.     Looking back to the most difficult time, from 2006 to 2007, when I had no interests and low spirits every day, I often think how silly l was then. Happily, my elder sister is getting better and better under the considerate care of my family. Apart from this, thanks to my friends, l am trying to recover quickly. Gradually, I am adjusting to life in college and get along well with new dorm-mates.      Everyone who hears my story would feel sorry for my experience. I need no sympathy but I would rather have more care and encouragement. I am convinced that life will be different and meaningful if I make every effort to take challenges and meet them. \n Answer: She had a sorrowful mood.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author mean by saying \"I almost buried myself in great grief\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c8b29d49546b4dcf9c508300864dd220",
            "input": "Article: Zheng He made seven heroic voyages to Asia and Africa between 1405 and 1433, which predated the Westerners' Voyages of Discovery by almost a century . Despite Zheng He's remarkable maritime feats , with larger and matchless fleets until World War I , he is  ly unknown worldwide compared with his Western counterparts like Columbus and Vasco da Gama . Why ? Sadly , much of the official Chinese records of these voyages were destroyed after his death , by order of his powerful enemies at Court . They were opposed to his expeditions , both on economic and other grounds . Further , the Ming History made only little mention of his exploits . Most surprisingly , not even his date of death and burial place were recorded . Therefore , his final resting place is still a matter of  _ .So he became only a legend and folk hero in his life time . However , hardly any Chinese works on him have been translated into foreign languages . Ironically , it was due to a handful of famous Western researchers like prefix = st1 /Needham, Zlevathes and , most recently , Menzies that the world is now more familiar with his greatness . Zhen He's rightful place in Chinese history has been confirmed by none other than Deng Xiaoping in 1984 , when he addressed the nation's People's Congress in Beijing : \"...The Ming dynasty , under Yongle Emperor , did wisely pursue an open-door policy resulting in Zheng He's famous maritime expeditions overseas . However , after Yongle's death, Chinadeserted this policy resulting in foreign intervention andChina's final humiliation during the 19th century . The open-door policy is therefore the way forward forChina.\" Following a more realistic overall appraise by scholars East and West of Zheng He's achievements , his standing as one of the greatest maritime explorers of all time has at last been firmly recognized worldwide . \n Answer: Columbus was born in a western country, so he was more famous than Zheng He in the world .",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is TRUE according to the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9c70f0bf657749679f61f12fa1e6e4f4",
            "input": "Article: I grew up in a family that ate dinner together every evening. Although my parents enjoyed wine, they rarely drank during the week and always in moderation .As for myself,1 wasn't interested in alcoholic drinks and neither were my high school friends. So when I arrived on campus for my first year of university life, I was a bit shocked. Many different events had been organized for the freshmen, but they all had one thing in common-alcohol, and plenty of .it wanting to be left out, I joined a few of the events. But I always returned home early, feeling disappointed. Your personality, interests and experiences didn't matter at all, only how many alcoholic drinks you could absorb before passing out . It seemed shallow to me. I wanted to get to know my new coursemates, not how fast they. could down a pint of beer. Gradually, however, I realized that real friends don't judge you by how much you can drink and there were other ways of making friends. I joined a photography society, took a first aid course, and every weekend l went cycling with a coursemate. I found that by engaging in these activities and sharing the fun of learning new skills together in a group ,I formed much stronger bonds with my new friends than even the strongest alcoholic drinks could encourage. Another valuable lesson I learned is that it's perfectly okay to say \"No\" if you don't want to drink. However, in many Western societies, especially the UK, binge drinking has become the norm. Many people who drink don't necessarily want to, but they give in to the peer pressure -they're afraid to say \"No\". \n Answer: The popularity of alcohol.",
            "output": [
                "What shocked the author when he entered university?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7aa04a0c526d4e33bc2d04cbf1724281",
            "input": "Article: What is it that makes people laugh? More than two thousand years ago the ancient Greek philosopher   Aristotle defined   jokes as the pleasure that results from a feeling of triumph by showing we're better than someone else in a certain way. According to Aristotle and many other philosophers,all jokes depend mainly on showing _ in another person or group of persons -- that is,putting it clearly,on showing that they are worse off than ourselves. Jokes raise our good opinion of ourselves at someone else's expense. Showing how much better than other people we are is only one reason we like jokes. Someone may also use a joke to express their anger or their cruelty  or any other kind of action that is not acceptable to us. We feel free to laugh when we hear about someone sliding on a banana skin. The joke lets us express those attitudes which are usually unacceptable to society. This is probably the reason why some of the jokes,especially those involving cruelty,are so popular with certain people. Besides,all jokes depend on our enjoyment of laughing at something that is strange and out of place because it's different from things which are happening around it. The same situation can be either sad or pleasant,depending entirely on how strange and out of place it is. If a girl in a bathing suit falls into a swimming pool,we don't laugh because nothing unusual has happened. But if a man in a smart suit falls in,the situation is at once unusual in a pleasant way and we laugh. A good joke-teller will always try to build up a situation in which one thing is expected until something unexpected suddenly happens,and so we laugh. \n Answer: Make an unexpected thing happen in an expected situation",
            "output": [
                "What will a good joke-teller always try to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0987a6aeba7146e69e374b12ad9adb7c",
            "input": "Article: BEIJING , March 9 --- The central government will require an additional three years of use for official vehicles for ministers and governors to reduce the costs of purchasing new cars, media have reported. The new rule has been applied among all Party and government departments nationwide, theBeijing Newsreported on Tuesday. The new rule has not yet been made public, said Li, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Committee. Under the old rules, the cars used by minister-level officials could be replaced as often as every five years, Li said. These officials will also keep the same cars when they assume new posts, he added. The new rule also reiterated  that officials ranking below minister-or-governor-levels should not be allocated cars. The cars possessed by their departments should be used on demand. \"It violates the rules for lower-ranking --- even county-level-officials to be allocated cars,\" Li said. Purchases of vehicles for official use have been heavily investigated, as they account for a large expenditure   of public funds every year. A survey on the Web news www.ifeng.com found 64 percent of respondents believed the new rule will be difficult to carry out because it is related to officials' interests. \"Local government departments had halted  approvals for requests for such vehicles and had started to work on new quotas  under the new rules,\" Li said. \"The future reform of official vehicle use will introduce market mechanisms and monetization.\" Premier Wen Jiabao said in the annual government work report on Saturday that expenditures on such vehicles will not increase in 2011 compared with a year ago. Beijing's standing deputy mayor Ji Lin last week said the municipal   government will release the number of vehicles for official use in the capital as early as at the end of this month. Earlier this month, the Minister of Finance had published a rule regulating the budgets for such vehicles. \n Answer: To cut down the present huge expenditures of purchasing cars.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the new rule allocating vehicles among officials?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-64cb5d2620024b62906181c4558fc116",
            "input": "Article: I happened to think about IQ and EQ on my way home this afternoon. So, I'd like to try to say something about them.           Due to the nation's family planning policy, usually a couple only has a kid. Young father and mother pay much attention to the smooth and healthy growing of their baby even when it is still in its mother's womb  . So, traditionally speaking, most of the kids have quite higher IQ. The difference of IQ between kids are quite limited.      As EQ is concerned, I think the later experience of a kid in the society (home, schools, companies etc.) is of vital importance to shape his or her character. Even two kids have similar IQ, there could be a larger gap between their EQs if they have varied life experience.      What kind of people could be more possible to succeed? No doubt, the type of people with quite good combination of IQ and EQ! In my opinion, higher EQ at least includes the following aspects: 1. The ability to stand difficulty and setbacks; 2. Being optimistic towards any uncertainty ahead and having confidence to overcome difficulties facing him or her; 3. With rich inside world to feel others' blue moods and know how to help them solve their problems; 4. Skillful in communicating with _      When I observe colleagues and friends around, I do get my view. Even, I could predict that those people who could perfectly combine their IQs and EQs will be the winners in the society! Those talented graduates from famous colleges and universities couldn't achieve a lot if they don't know how to get along well with their colleagues! Individualism is far away from success in the integrated world. Team work needs cooperation consciousness which is an important element of EQ.      To be honest, I still have a long way to go to improve my EQ to perfect myself! How about you? \n Answer: Taking positive attitudes towards whatever happens.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a high EQ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9d980fb02814258b433451dcd06050d",
            "input": "Article: \"Have a nice day!\" may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless. When my friend Maxie says \"Have a nice day\" with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well. \"Have a nice day. Next!\"This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words come out in the same tone with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else's is the management's attempt to increase business. The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we don't know what to say \"oh, you may have a tooth out? I'm terribly sorry, but have a nice day.\" The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says \"Have a nice day\" to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you don't know has tried to be nice to you. Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like. \n Answer: Maxie really wishes the author a good day.",
            "output": [
                "How does the author understand Maxie's words?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-85928549b8054a4b84c0d953986b7634",
            "input": "Article: College provides an important platform for the future professional life.The grades speak     well about the kind of student you are and will also determine the chances of further studies.You cannot do all things at one time.At time you need to decide what to do according to their importance.This is one good skill that you will be requiring even after graduation.     There are few tips to help you at college:     Just find the place where you will not be disturbed.Grab your reading material,note pad,    pen and other necessities.Distraction is a biggest hurdle in focusing.You need to ask yourself     what distracts you the most.Is it music from the neighbors,presence of someone at home,    internet or anything else? Try to be aware of your weakest points and then stay away from them     as much possible during your study time.The distraction may also include your friends and     some other things.It is only you who can decide that what is best for you.     When you are ready for studying,then arrange the reading material and decide what     things you need to study first.Put maximum time on your weak and major subjects.Set aside     your minor ones for few hours as you know that these are comparatively less important than the     majors.         Make a realistic study plan which you can follow and stick to it.There is no point of     making all 8hr study schedule daily as you know that it's not possible for you.Start the     preparation at least 4 weeks before the exams.     While making a study plan,don't forget the breaks after every 90minutes of study.It will     help your eyes to relax and focus in an effective manner.Make a checklist of small milestones     and put this on your table so you can see them frequently.When you are done with one or more     cross them from the list and focus on the new ones. \n Answer: Deciding what to do based on their importance.",
            "output": [
                "What is the most important thing in college according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-486164c64b4b4e6ab847596ed7d64027",
            "input": "Article: Do you wake up in the morning dreading the moment that your feet have to hit the floor for you to get ready for work? If that's the case, join most of Americans. Very few people wake up to that annoying alarm clock and spring out of bed excited about having to go to work. As if that were not enough, most of us have to fight traffic getting there, usually an hour's drive. Then, when we get to work, we have to fight with unruly co-workers or a nagging boss. And to make matters worse, you have to fight the same traffic going in the opposite direction just to get back home. Making dinner, fixing plates, eating and then straightening up afterwards is a job within itself. If that sounds like your life, you probably have a J-O-B. you know what J-O-B stands for? Just Over Broke, that's what! With a job, most Americans are living paycheck-to-paycheck and hating every minute of it. I know because I was doing the same thing: trading time for money. And, I came to a conclusion that it stinks  ! Big time! Looking around at my co-workers, friends and relatives, I saw that they were all doing the same thing I was doing. They were complaining about the same things I was complaining about : not having enough time or money. And, I decided that I wanted to do .[:** So, I started a home-based business. There are several to choose from. The extra income has done so much for our family. We can vacation more. We have been able to give more. And, we've even been able to do something calling save! It's been amazing. Therefore, if you're sick and tired of being sick and tired, it's time you make a change, too. The definition of insanity   is doing the same thing over and over and expecting different results. I know you aren't stupid. If you continue to do what everyone else is doing: trading time for money, you're going to keep getting what everyone else is getting: being broke and not having the time to do what is really important to you. Do your due diligence. Find a home-based business that works well for you. Go to work, and live the life you've always imagined! \n Answer: Most Americans have alarm clocks to wake them up in the morning.",
            "output": [
                "According to Paragraph 1, which of the following statements is TRUE about most Americans?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4b8cf535507d413a8ed19a55f9f34108",
            "input": "Article: Maddie Messe, 13, has always loved Temple Run, a mobile game that sends her racing through swamps   and forests to outrun a pack of crazed monkeys. What she didn't love was being forced to play as a boy -- unless she was willing to buy a female version. \"I felt like l was being cheated or misrepresented,\" Maddie explains.\"Girls are just as capable   of running away from monkeys as boys are.\" So last winter, Maddie researched 50 of the most popular iPhone games. What she found was infuriating:90 percent offered free male characters, but only 15 percent let you play as a female for free. Armed with those statistics, Maddie drafted a spirited article and fired it off to several major newspapers. The Washington Post agreed to run the piece, which attracted millions of readers around the globe -- including the makers of Temple Run! \"We realized she had a point,\" says Natalia Luckyanova, the game's co-creator. \"It was the kick in the pants we needed to say,'We should fix it.'So we did.\" Now you can play Temple Run with a female character for free, but Maddie hopes her campaign inspires something deeper.\"If you don't see characters that look like you on TV or in movies or games, speak up! Just do your research first,\"says Maddie. \"One well-supported argument is much more effective than a million angry complaints.\" \n Answer: It charged for female versions.",
            "output": [
                "What did Maddie hate about Temple Run?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2e586d6b22448768aaec12ea3140d74",
            "input": "Article: Everyone agrees that all the creatures want happiness and are afraid of pain and grief. The question, however, is \"What is real happiness?\" The desire for happiness has no meaning without understanding the real nature of happiness. Generally, ordinary beings consider sensual  pleasures as happiness, and their actions are directed toward gaining these. According to them, searching for happiness means searching for pleasures of the senses. The question, \"What is happiness?\", does not arise  in their hearts, because in their hearts they think of a life full of sensual joys as a happy life. Some thinkers say, \"Happiness does not lie in the objects of enjoyment; happiness or unhappiness lies in the imagination.\" To prove their belief they give examples like the following one. A man has a two-storey house. When he thinks of those who have a house with three storeys or more, he feels unhappy. When he thinks of those who have just a _ , he feels happy. Such happiness does not lie in possessions , but in the imagination. They advise people to take inspiration from those who have few possessions but are quite happy. If you only consider people wealthier than yourself, you will always be unhappy. If you want to be happy, they say, look at the poor. But it is unreasonable to hold that happiness lies in the imagination. And it is inappropriate to think that someone is happy if he only imagines himself better than the poor and the unhappy. This attitude also satisfies the sense of pride of possession. This can never be called happiness. Unless we find out where happiness lies, we cannot really become happy. Some ask people to do this or that, and say, \"This way your desires will be satisfied. That way you will get what you want and become happy.\" People holding these views regard happiness as satisfaction of desires and unhappiness as denial  of such satisfaction. \n Answer: Life full of sensual pleasures.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of life can make common people feel happy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-26a41e5d32624c2bb86780f6f75f5e20",
            "input": "Article: Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.  ks5u Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses  in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.  ks5u There are many environment-friendly sport. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don't need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes;and you don't have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.  ks5u Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be \"green gyms\". They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it's free. ks5u \n Answer: Cycling around a lake.  ks5u",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the author most probably in favor of? ks5u"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-94684a89c18848b38dccb065572cc348",
            "input": "Article: Last year, Jin Yucheng'sFanHuawas taken to Salon du livre, France's largest book fair, along with other contemporary Chinese literary works such as Bi Feiyu'sSubeiYouth\"DonQuixote\". The two books attracted the attention of Editions Philippe Picquier, a French publisher that specializes in translating books from China, Japan, South Korea, India, Vietnam and other countries in Asia. This publisher reportedly purchased the copyright ofSubeiYouth\"DonQuixote\", a non-fiction work about the writer's childhood in East China's Jiangsu province, for 130,000 euros ($143,000). Editions Philippe Picquier was also interested inFanHua, but didn't follow up owing to translation issues. The book is Jin's debut novel, which is set in Shanghai and tells stories of two decades: the 1960s and the 1990s. There are no major plots, but excerpts from the lives of its different characters, threaded by dialogues. There are detailed depictions of streets, entertainment activities and relationships in the representative times in Shanghai, covering the\"Cultural Revolution\"(1966-1976) and the\"Reform&Opening Up\"phases. As Hong Kong-based film director Karwai Wong put it, the novel is full of a\"rich and strong\"flavor of local people's lives. In May 2011, when Jin, then an editor at a literary magazine in Shanghai, started to post interesting stories he heard about Shanghai on the local website longdang.org, little did he realize that it would become more than just fun. His stories soon attracted more readers whose comments urged him to post more. In five months, Jin, then 59, wrote more than 330,000 characters online. The novel was first titledShanghaiAbaoafter its major character Abao. The following year, Jin started serializing his novel inHarvest, one of China's leading literary magazines. Finally, Jin's efforts resulted in a book in 2013, and with it came lots of awards, including the 9th prestigious Mao Dun Literature Prize. Some critics compare it with fellow Shanghai-based author Eileen Chang's novels andDreamoftheRedChamber, calling Jin's book one of the best novels based on Shanghai. Wong also announced that he would adapt Jin's book for cinema by 2020. By August, before the Mao Dun Literature Prize winners were announced,FanHuahad sold nearly 300,000 copies. Key features of the novel include the use of the local Shanghai dialect for the narrative and focus on the characters' external responses to events rather than their psychological profiles. The copyright manager forFanHuaat Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House says,\"According to my knowledge, Editions Philippe Picquier gave up because the translation work is expensive and they worry that the sales in the French market may not be able to cover the cost.\"For instance,ChanghenGe(TheSongofEverlastingRegret) by Wang Anyi was also introduced by Editions Philippe Picquier to French readers. The translation work took one and a half years, and the publisher spent three years completing the French edition ofit.\"But we have soldFanHua'scopyright of the traditional Chinese edition to Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau. Also Humanist Publishing House from South Korea has purchased the copyright for the Korean edition. Cultural difference is another barrier apart from language. In Asia, we have more in common when it comes to culture.\" \n Answer: They were both noticed by Editions Philippe Picquier.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn aboutFanHuaandSubeiYouth\"DonQuixote\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6590af9522a14b2e8649d273a60fe30b",
            "input": "Article: US military is attempting to develop a new style \"insect robot\" to replace the human soldier to go wherever he can't. The greatest trouble this project has fallen across is how to enable the robot to fly freely like an insect, said an official of the Pentagon . The Pentagon is seeking for the cooperation with scientists in hope of developing a new technique by which people can control the insect's flight direction and pass on the information its eyes or other organs catch through the equipment set in its body, the official said. It is thus designed that a tiny controlling chip will be equipped in an insect's body when it is in chrysalis . As the insect grows, the cut made when fixing in the chip will be recovered. The chip will exist in forever. Scientists believe this won't influence the insect, sound growth or the functions of internal organs. The _ target of the project is to set up a global system, in which the insect robots will be stationed in all parts of the world and stick to their posts till a new instruction is received. At that time the military can receive from all over the world clear image information within about 5 meters of the insects and that of a special target within 100 meters. Years ago, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of US DOD  spent $3,000,000 carrying out a plan for training bees to detect landmines. But, no new progress has so far been made. \"According to the scientists, there is still enormous difficulty in technology in turning it into reality, such as the insects reproduction , their adaptation to the surroundings and temperature and so on. However, this project is really challenging. If successful, it is equal to making countless small drone ,\"said the official of DOD. \n Answer: A tiny flying robot.",
            "output": [
                "According to the description of the passage, what is an insect robot like?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2afb172605734dadbea62ccf50168724",
            "input": "Article: The doctor examined Nuala's leg. Nuala tried not to cry, but it was a challenge. Her leg really hurt. \"How did you hurt yourself?\" asked the doctor. \"I jumped off a swing ,\" said Nuala. \"Is it broken?\" \"It sure is,\" said the doctor, holding out the X ray. \"See right here?\" Two hours later, Nuala left the hospital on crutches . Her leg was in a cast . \"What will I tell Ms. Chang?\" she asked her mother in the car. Ms. Chang was Nuala's dance teacher. The spring dance performance was only two weeks away. Nuala's cast would be on for at least six weeks! \"She's going to be so mad at me!\" cried Nuala. But Ms. Chang wasn't mad. She said, \"We'll think of something.\" Nuala was unwilling to go on stage with her crutches. \"I look stupid,\" she complained. \"I can't dance with these.\" \"Have you ever heard the expression 'The show must go on'?\"said Ms. Chang. Together, they went through the show. They thought of how Nuala could move to the music. They thought of ways for her to dance on crutches. The night of the performance, Ms. Chang almost had to push Nuala on the stage. Nuala's cast looked big and clumsy , but she went out and danced. In the end, the audience went wild clapping. Lots of roses were thrown to Nuala's feet! The show did go on! \n Answer: She fell down on the ground.",
            "output": [
                "How did Nuala hurt her leg?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5dbccdf287c74cfa841fed64cf575ca5",
            "input": "Article: New York Hall of Science (NYHS) Founded in 1964, it is New York City's only hands-on science and technology center. Being an interactive science museum, it has the largest collection of hands-on science exhibits in New York City, exploring biology, chemistry and physics. The museum focuses on education for children aged 5 and up, with the aim of conveying   the excitement and understanding of science and technology to children. Queens County Farm Museum (QCFM) The museum, dating back to 1697, is the only working historical farm in New York City. It is an actual farm and you can wander around the farm to see the fields and animals. It's a good chance for your kids to meet sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and cows! The museum sells feed for young hands who are willing to get licked   by sheep and goats. The animals are friendly to visitors.  The museum also offers many exciting hands-on programs, such as Apple Pressing Workshop, Honey Bee Alive and a lot more.  American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) It is one of the largest and most famous museums in the world. With a history of 143 years, the museum is well-known for its collections and exhibitions representing people and animals throughout the ages. One of the museum's great attractions is a series of fossil   halls that include the must-see dinosaur   wing. It also provides hands-on events for school groups of all ages on a variety of topics.  Museum of the Moving Image (MMI) The museum originally opened in 1988 and reopened in January 2011 after a $ 67 million expansion.  As the best media museum in New York City, it promotes public understanding and appreciation of the art, history, technique and technology of film, television and digital media. With a balance of hands-on activities and information, it can entertain and educate people of different ages. \n Answer: It is an open-air museum.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about Queens County Farm Museum?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73838f88f7514902a7f1460a16b3ea59",
            "input": "Article: Dogs can know the meaning of a human perspective, say researchers. Dogs are more capable of understanding situations from a human's point of view than has previously been recognized, according to researchers. They found dogs were four times more likely to steal food they had been forbidden, when lights were turned off so humans in the room could not see. This suggested the dogs were able to alter their behavior when they knew their owners' perspective had changed. The study, published in Animal Cognition, conducted tests on eighty-four dogs. The experiments had been trying to find whether dogs could make their behavior suitable to react to the changed circumstances of their human owners. It wanted to see if dogs had a \"flexible understanding\" that could show they understood the viewpoint of a human. It found that when the lights were turned off, dogs in a room with their human owners were much more likely to disobey and steal forbidden food. The study says it is \"unlikely that the dogs simply forgot that the human was in the room\" when there was no light. Instead it seems as though the dogs were able to differentiate between when the human was unable or able to see them. Juliane Kaminski carried out the research into how dogs are influenced by human circumstances. Dr Juliane Kaminski, from the University of Portsmouth's psychology department, said the study was \"incredible because it implies dogs understand the human can't see them, meaning they might understand the human perspective\". Previous studies have suggested that although humans might think that they can recognize different expressions on their dogs' faces, this is often inaccurate and a projection of human emotions. \"Humans constantly attribute  certain qualities and emotions to other living things. We know that our own dog is clever or sensitive, but that's us thinking, not them,\" said Dr Kaminski. \"These results suggest humans might be right, where dogs are concerned, but we still can't be completely sure if the results mean dogs have a truly flexible understanding of the mind and others' minds. It has always been assumed only humans had this ability. \n Answer: The research is carried out to find out how dogs are influenced by light.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c3fd2f4b82fe4a26af68140681b835a4",
            "input": "Article: People in the western state of California who are in the United States illegally can now request a driver's license. The law went into effect on January l. California is not the first American state with such a law, but it has the largest number of illegal immigrants. More than a million people  began to request licenses shortly after the new state law went into effect. Among them was Christian Alvarado. Mr. Alvarado entered the United States from El Salvador eight years ago without permission from the U.S. government. Some call such people \"illegal immigrants.\" Others call them \"undocumented immigrants \" Mr. Alvarado thinks is so exciting, for be has been waiting for the license for a long time. But some are worried that their personal information will be used to find them and deport them. Armando Botello is a spokesman for the California Department of Motor Vehicles, or DMV. He says people should not be afraid, for such information will not be shared. The new licenses are the same as licenses given to citizens except that they have the words \"Federal Limits Apply\". That means the license cannot be used to travel on an airplane or enter a federal building. Ana Garcia, working at the Central American Resource Center, says some illegal immigrants fear those words will be used to abuse them. Civil rights groups say the police and others Dan Schnur , a political scientist at the University of Southern California, said that the main argument against the new law is that it rewards illegal behavior. But Professor Schnur argued that young, white Americans generally support immigration reform, including giving driver's licenses to illegal immigrants \"It's simply because they grew up a much more multicultural society than their parents or their grandparents did:\" Professor Schnur says he believes the changes in beliefs about illegal immigrants that have taken place in California will spread throughout the United States. \n Answer: Because he can request a driver's license.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the new law make Mr. Alvarado excited?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e10538344314b5f8fd25f3682520597",
            "input": "Article: \"Soon, you're going to have to move out!\" cried my neighbor upon seeing the largest tomato plant known to mankind, or at least known in my neighborhood. One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for $1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door. Roses require a good deal of care, and if it weren't for the pleasure they give, it wouldn't be worth the work. As it is, I have a garden full of sweet-smelling roses for most of the year. Bushes must be pruned  in early spring, leaving ugly woody branches until the new growth appears a few weeks later. It was the space available in the garden that led me into planting just one little tomato plant. A big mistake. Soil conditions made just perfect for roses turn out be even more perfect for tomatoes. The daily watering coupled with full sun and regular fertilizing have turned the little plant into a tall bush. The cage I placed around it as the plant grew has long since disappeared under the thick leaves. Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold; First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw  my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won. I found two full-blown white roses completely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June. But they were weak and the leaves already yellow for lack of light. Here I am faced with a painful small decision: To tear up a wonderful and productive tomato plant that offers up between ten and twenty ripe sweet tomatoes each day or say goodbye to several expensive and treasured roses. Like Scarlett in Gone With the Wind, I'll think about that tomorrow. \n Answer: A lot of care and the right soil.",
            "output": [
                "What ate the requirements for the healthy growth of rose?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b13c73e2f04f441c8fd16952c232db32",
            "input": "Article: An African proverb says that a single hand cannot tie a bundle. Everyone needs companions to help them sail through the rough seas of life. Even the strongest and richest person still needs friends. Our money and strength would have no value if we had no friends to share with us. The best friendship is a give-and-take relationship. We need the support of our family, friends and the community. In turn we also give support to the society, our friends and our family. The word \"friend\" has many meanings. It could be the bus driver who takes you to and from work every day. It could be a parent, a colleague, a wife or husband, a brother or sister, or even the unknown person who helped you just once when you could not find your way. Real friends share not only our happiness but our sorrows as well. This may explain why we have the expression \"a friend in need is a friend indeed\". Friendship is like the sunshine that keeps us warm. It is like the refreshing raindrops on the fields that give the farmers hope of a good planting season. Without friends our life would be like a desert where our only friend would be loneliness and sadness. The most fortunate person is the one who has friends from all levels in the society. A driver might find friends not only among his colleagues but among farmers, bankers, traders, students, politicians or teachers. We should never forget our old friends when we make new ones. We should treasure each of our friends whether poor or rich, beautiful or not. Each friend is _ in his or her own way. And all together, they enrich life and make it very colourful. \n Answer: Friends and friendship.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main topic of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fca473c8e5c34fe9bccc5795b47b5f48",
            "input": "Article: They say money doesn't grow on trees. But it certainly appears to do so on the mysterious coin-studded  trunks dotted around the UK's woodland. The strange phenomenon of old trees with coins fixed firmly all over their bark has been spotted on trails from the Peak District to the Scottish Highlands. The coins are usually knocked into felled   tree trunks using stones by passers-by, who hope it will bring them good fortune. These fascinating spectacles often have coins from centuries ago buried deep in their bark and warped by the passage of time. The tradition of making offerings to gods at wishing trees dates back hundreds of years, but _ . It used to be believed that god's spirits lived in trees, and they were often decorated with sweets and gifts -- as is still done today at Christmas. The act is like tossing money into ponds for good luck, or the trend for couples to attach \"love padlocks\" to bridges and fences to symbolize lasting romance. Some pubs, such as the Punch Bowl in Askham, Cumbria, have old timbers with splits in them into which coins are forced for luck. There are seven felled tree trunks with coins pushed into them in the picturesque village of Portmeirion, in Wales. Meurig Jones, an estate manager at the tourist destination, told the BBC, \"We had no idea why it was being done when we first noticed the tree trunk was being filled with coins. I did some detective work and discovered that trees were sometimes used as 'wishing trees'. In Britain it dates back to the 1700s -- there is one tree somewhere in Scotland which apparently has an old coin stuck into it. \" He said that a sick person could press a coin into a tree and their illness would go away. If someone then takes the coin out though, it's said they then become ill. We haven't made it known at all, it's just happened,\" he added. \"It's quite amazing really.\" In Scotland, there is also a legend about a kissing tree. If a young man could drive a nail into a tree with one blow, he earned a kiss from his sweetheart. \n Answer: It was said that god's spirits lived in trees and doing so could please the gods of the trees.",
            "output": [
                "What was the real reason why in UK people knocked coins into the old trees?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-80a04c90548c449d9fb375b0b6fefa21",
            "input": "Article: Chinese people are now spending more time surfing the net than watching TV, according to results of a survey by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) published Thursday. The survey, of citizens of five Chinese cities, found that 79 percent of interviewees use the internet for information, and 55.1 percent to read news on the internet. About 63 percent of the interviewees use e-mail. The average times spent surfing the net and watching TV were 2.73 hours and 1.29hours, respectively. Only 10.4 percent reported use the internet primarily to send and receive email; 65.9 percent read online news; 62.2 quite often play games on-line. More and more people have taken an interest in the entertainment opportunities online. Up to 56.5 percent of interviewees quite often download music, and 53.5 percent get entertainment messages from the internet. Yet the survey found that television is still the dominant mass medium. Seventy-nine percent of interviewees choose to watch TV to get information, and another 75 percent take newspapers as important as TV. Five major web sites in the Chinese language, namely Sina, Sohu, Netease, Baidu and Yahoo are still ranked top ones by web users, and those that voted for Sina as the best among them were 30.9 percent. Authorized statistics showed that web users in China have already 100 million, second to that of the United States. \n Answer: There are more people using e-mail compared with those reading news on the internet.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-27fe63579ded4202954996fd8049d9b8",
            "input": "Article: There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be remembered at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. However, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. The following experiment shows how short-term memory has been studied. Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students. They represented all levels of ability in English: beginning, intermediate  , and native speaking students. To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording, Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test. Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning's results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, and advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory. \n Answer: Information in short-term memory is different from that in long-term memory.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7bd5d064c9e44adaab1aba7bc4504138",
            "input": "Article: In a touching story, a family was shocked to find that a stranger had secretly paid for more than half of their Christmas gifts. When Ayers went to make a payment toward the $283 balance for her family's Christmas gifts at Walmart, her money was refused. According to a Walmart employee, a woman had paid a part of Ayers' bill after seeing her shopping in the store. The unknown woman also left Ayers a touching note, which left the mother of two in tears. Ayers, whose sons are 11 and 3, says the stranger's great generosity came at the perfect time for her family. Before the anonymous payment was made, Ayers had worried she would not be able to get her kids' toys in time for Christmas. Ayers is still looking for the woman who helped pay for their Christmas gifts for her kids. She took a picture of her receipt with the headline: This stranger paid 4 gifts for us. I wish I could thank her for helping give our kids a Merry Christmas! For thousands of families like Ayers', feeling this financial pressure around Christmastime is nothing new. These families who still have a roof over their heads and food on their tables often slip through the cracks -- they can afford all the necessities, but the \"extras\" are harder to come by. Considering that Americans are estimated to spend $882 on Christmas gifts this year, it makes sense that a family with a few financial problems would have a hard time filling the stockings for their kids. Realizing how common this Christmas problem really is makes Ayers' story even more special. These random acts of kindness around the holidays, often from nameless strangers, can determine what a family's Christmas looks like. Christmas may not be all about the material stuff, but for families, and especially for kids, it's the little things that can make the biggest difference. \n Answer: The charismas gifts were free.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the Walmart employee refuse Ayers' money?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-073ee4cd8fd04d87aab08e0747cdc4cc",
            "input": "Article: Women teachers are holding back boy students by blaming them for typically male behavior, according to a new study. Women teachers are always saying that boys are \"silly\" in class. They refuse to \"sit nicely like girls\" and are more likely to be addicted to \"schoolboy tricks\".Women teachers may also keep low expectations of boys' academic achievement and encourage girls to work harder by letting them think they are cleverer than boys. The study suggests that under-performance among boys in most national exams could be linked to lower expectations of their women teachers. The researchers did their research mainly on women teachers, since nearly 90 percent of primary school teachers are female. According to the research, women teachers said they often found boys' play in the classroom or in the playground, such as playing with toy guns. The researcher also found that boys were often punished and urged to follow a more feminine style of play instead of being taught how to play responsibly with their favorite toys by their women teachers. Bonny Hartley, the study's lead author, said, \"By seven or eight years old, children of both boys and girls believe that boys are less focused, less able, and less successful than girls -- and think that adults admit this idea. There are signs that these expectations have the potential to become self-fulfilling in influencing children's achievement. Boys are really held back by their women teachers.\" \n Answer: Boys are held back by women teachers.",
            "output": [
                "Which can be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cc2ca561175e4c649a9f47b2040d3fb7",
            "input": "Article: HOUSTON (Reuters) -- Houston tops a U.S. magazine's annual fattest cities list for the fourth time in five years, with four other Texas cities in the top 25. Fast food restaurants -- Houston has twice the national average number -- are partly to blame for the dishonor,Men's Fitnesseditor-in-chief Neal Boulton said. \"Americans work long hours, don't take vacations, and when they're faced with the worst food choices, they indulge   in those,\" he said. High humidity, poor air quality and some of the nation's longest commute   times also helped Texas' most populous city unseat Detroit, the 2003 heavy weight champion, the magazine said. Houston Mayor Bill White, who has worked with a major food company to develop healthy food products and the city's public schools to improve lunch menus, called the report \"mostly ungrounded and nonsense.\" \"On the other hand, it calls attention to real issues the mayor is trying to deal with,\" his spokesman, Frank Michel, said. The magazine said it looked at factors such as the number and types of restaurants, park space, air quality, weather and the number of health clubs. Philadelphia, Detroit, Memphis, Tennessee, and Chicago followed Houston on the seventh edition of the fat list. Texas cities Dallas, San Antonio, Fort Worth and El Paso were in the top 14, which Boulton said was no surprise. \"It's pure big indulgence, just _ , and that's part of the culture,\" said Boulton. Seattle ranked as the fittest city. Austin and Arlington, a Dallas-Fort Worth suburb, were the only Texas cities on the fit list. Austin was 19th and Arlington 22nd out of 25. \n Answer: Things related to unhealthy ways of life.",
            "output": [
                "What decides the magazine's annual fattest list?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81e3a5a4ddda4bc79d04b70cc625481c",
            "input": "Article: As I drive about the Sois in rural Thailand I catch little glimpses of things that barely register on the mind as the scenery flies by; strange things, beautiful things, sad things, interesting things. I wish I could hold on to these scenes; explore them in detail. I wish that I had the time to stop and investigate further as I'm driving by, but time is a commodity worth more than all the moneys in the world. I wish I had more. I once had a guy wave to me as I passed him. He yelled out something, almost in greeting, as if he knew me. I wonder if we knew each other once, in another place, another time, and he recognized my soul as I drove by in the truck, and just had to yell a hello. I wish I had stopped and said hello too. I saw two young girls, dressed in school uniforms. White blouses, blue skirts, books in hand. They were holding hands, talking, walking down the road, jostling(,)each other with their shoulders and teasing each other as they strolled along. As I passed the one closest to the truck looked up. She was close enough to touch almost. Her smiling face, her clear eyes and golden smooth skin are there in my mind's eye now. I can see her as if she were standing next to me. Once in a while her face just pops into my head. Why? Why is she still there? Sometimes I think maybe I'm a bit mad. I stopped at a road stop on a corner one time. An old lady standing by the roadside walked over to the truck and put her hand on my arm and smiled at me. Her palm was so cool. It must have been a hundred degrees out that day. She said something in Thai and giggled  and walked away. Who was she? Why did she touch me? Why was her hand so cool? Why did I just sit there and let her touch me? I didn't flinch away. It was almost as if I knew her, and we were just saying a quick hello. Her cool touch almost seemed familiar; like my long dead grandmother's soothing cool touch remembered from when I was just a little boy. I need more time. I need to stop the truck more often, and just say hello. Things glimpsed along the road are often far more interesting and wonderful than that which seems to consume our daily lives. Slow down. Stop the truck. Get out, and say hello. \n Answer: Busy.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of life does the writer normally lead?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-97be6e9588174fc1a9f92f4be0022265",
            "input": "Article: Iee Lok Sze was the first woman in Hong Kong to reach both the North and South     Poles.In 1992 and1993,she went to Mount Everest and the Taldamkhan Desert in Xin-    jiang.\"I wanted to be an adventurer when l was small.I have loved reading adventure books     since I was a child.\"Since 1970,Miss Lee has always been on trips,travelling to different     parts of the world with a backpack and a sleeping bag.     She said that these journeys changed her values.\"After visiting these places,I started     to treasure my life much more than before.During this time,I came to realize how small I     am in the universe,but nothing in this world is unsolvable. Miss Lee said she had a lot of unforgettable experiences on her journeys.There was     one terrible storm at sea when she was returning from the South Pole.The whole team was     happy to be returning home after a one-year stay at the South Pole.During the storm,    waves reached heights of up to 30 meters.as high as a 10-story building.She stayed calm at     the time and took steps to protect their research findings.She hoped the rescuers would     find them even if they lost their lives.Part of the ship was destroyed and a lot of water     came in.Luckily they all survived,but she came away from the experience with a realiza-    tion about the power of nature. Miss Lee is also the founder of the China Polar Museum Foundation.Building a polar     museum has always been her dream.According to Miss Lee,the museum will use advanced     technology to help develop scientists work in polar areas.Also,it will provide Places for     scientists to do research. \n Answer: To promote studies of the Poles.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Lee found a polar museum?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7271733a37fd46298f4db4ce39fedcd1",
            "input": "Article: While there are no restrictions on the amount of money that you can bring across the border, you must report to both the US and Canadian border services amounts equal to or greater than $10,000. PERSONAL EXEMPTIONS ON PURCHASES AMERICANS RETURNING TO THE US Less than 48 hours: $ 200 US 48 hours or more:  $ 800 US duty-free personal exemption.                  next $ 1,000 US at 3%                  Including up to 100 cigars and 100 cigarettes. CANADIANS RETURNING TO CANADA Less than 24 hours: $ 50 CAN 48 hours or more:  $ 400 CAN                 Including up to 100 cigars and 200 cigarettes. 7 days or more:    $ 750 CAN                  Including up to 100 cigars and 200 cigarettes. DOCUMENTATION NEEDED FOR BORDER CROSSING LAND OR SEA TO THE US ( INCLUDING FERRIES ) A valid passport or passport card, or a NEXUS card. (A NEXUS card is a Trusted Traveler Program that provides quick travel for pre-approved, low risk travelers through special lanes.) A recent Washington State, New York or BC driver's license. Note: Children 15 years of age and younger require only a birth certificate or copy. (Certified copies are not required but are advised.) AIR TRAVEL TO THE US A valid passport, an Air NEXUS card, or a U.S. Coast Guard Merchant Marine Document. \n Answer: $ 50 CAN",
            "output": [
                "If a Canadian who is on a 7-day trip to New York buys $ 800 CAN worth of goods, how much should he pay tax on when returning home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-069984af6ccf4dbfa2293b0dfdaf3549",
            "input": "Article: Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago. He has a good heart,but always afraid to apply for a new job. One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appoint--ment was at 10 a.m. and it was already 8:30. While waiting for a bus, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man askedhim how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said,\"Well, Icould take you to the office for your interview. It's the least I could do. Please, I insist.\"Jimmy agreed. Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed. Finally his name was called. The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window. Rocking the chair back and forth, he asked,\"Do you really need to be interviewed?\"Jimmy's heart sank.\"With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview?\"He thought to himself. Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy's surprise, it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning. \"Sorry I had to keep you waiting, but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into this office. I just know you'd be a trustworthy worker. Congratulations!\"Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee . \n Answer: He was out of work.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-237f58ec10c247978df773d4bffbe2c1",
            "input": "Article: Today we bring you an old tale. It's the story of the three little pigs and the big bad wolf that blew down a house made of straw and one made of sticks. The only house left standing was the one made of bricks. Now there is new evidence to suggest that houses built with bales of straw can be very strong. They are also very environmental. Pete Walker is a professor at the University of Bath in Britain. He and a team of researchers there have built a house made out of straw bales and hemp material. During the next twelve months the team will study the effectiveness of these materials in home building. Professor Walker says there are many good reasons for using straw. Professor Walker: \"One of the benefits is it's a relatively inexpensive renewable material that's readily available.\" He also agrees that straw takes in carbon dioxide as it grows and helps the environment in other ways. So it can be seen as having no harmful effects on the environment. Professor Walker: \"The straw bale walls are relatively thick and so all that straw provides very good thermal insulation. So we make buildings that require very little heating in the winter or indeed very little cooling in the summer. So they require very little additional energy.\" Professor Walker says this reduces home operating expenses. It also reduces the effect on the environment. He says the current interest in straw bale houses is a direct response to the problem of climate change. David Lanfear owns an eco-friendly home building service in the United States called Bale on Bale Construction. He says he laughed when some friends first told him about houses built of straw. But after doing his own research, he learned that building with straw bales made a lot of sense. He has now helped to build more than ten straw bale houses and says the building material is becoming more widely accepted. To build the houses, he fills a wood frame with tightly packed bales of straw. Next he coats the walls inside and out with layers of clay plaster. He says the common ideas about straw houses continue, including stories about the threat of fire. Mr. Lanfear says straw bale houses have done well when tested for fire resistance. And he says his builders use the same building methods as traditional builders to keep out rain. David Lanfear: \"We use what we call good shoes and a good hat, and that would be a solid foundation and a really good roof.\" \n Answer: Approving.",
            "output": [
                "What's David Lanfear's attitude towards the straw houses at last?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3a48eacefe834bfab4411c92e6092e88",
            "input": "Article: Eco City Farms  are becoming more popular in cities and towns around the United states. Eco City Farms in Edmonton, Maryland, is located near shopping centers, car repair shops and homes. The neighborhood is a working-class community . People do not have very much money. And they have limited access  to fresh food in markets. Over the past two years, the farm has attracted volunteers from the community like Marcy Clark. She schools her four children at home. On a recent day she brought them to Eco City Farms for a lesson. Her son Alston Clark thinks his experience is very valuable.\"I like coming out here,\" he says,\" You know, you connect with the earth, where your food comes from. You appreciate the food a little bit more.\" Margaret Morgan started Eco City Farms. She thinks of it as a place where people can learn to live healthier lives. \"Growing food in a community brings people together,\" she continues, \"Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration  to show people everything about how to have an eco-friendly community.\" she says. From the Eco City Farms people come to know that they are not only growing food and raising chickens and bees, but improving the soil with compost made from food waste. Eco City Farms is an experimental operation. The farm gets its power not from the local electricity networks, but from the sun with solar panels. In winter, the green house use a geothermal system. Vegetables can be grown all year. So once a week, all winter long, neighbors like Chris Moss and her three children bike to the farm to pick up a share of the harvest. \"I like eating the vegetables \"says five-year-old Owen Moss. \n Answer: Eco City Farms are gaining popularity.",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly talked about in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-61d7194d22ef475faa8c8a423c9035c2",
            "input": "Article: Ronald Hoffman born in 1937 is Polish-born American organic chemist and Nobel laureate . As a theoretical chemist, Hoffmann studied energy levels in chemical bonds during chemical reactions. He put computers to use to solve his problems and, despite the complexity of his research, was able to explain his theories and discoveries to the non-specialist. For his work he was awarded the 1981 Nobel Prize in chemistry, which he shared with Fukui Kenichi. Born in Poland, Hoffmann settled in New York City as a child and became a United States citizen. He received his undergraduate degree in premedical studies from Columbia College in 1958. He attended Harvard University, where he received his PhD. degree in chemical physics in 1962. He joined the faculty of Cornell University in the mid-1960s and remained there throughout his career. Hoffmann and Nobel laureate chemist Robert Burns Woodward developed rules, based on quantum mechanics, to determine how energy levels in atomic electron orbits influence how a chemical reaction takes place. These simple rules, known as the Woodward-Hoffmann rules, allowed chemists to predict reaction results and was quickly accepted and put to use in a wide variety of situations. Hoffmann later turned his research to a variety of problems related to discovering the molecular structure of inorganic and organometallic compounds. Hoffmann is also known for what is called the Isolobal Analogy, which is yet another discovery linking all areas of chemistry. It is useful in predicting the behavior of new molecules based on the orbit structure of the components used to form them. Aided by computers, Hoffmann was able to _ a vast amount of data to support his ideas. Unlike the scientific papers of many chemists, Hoffmann's publications contain little raw data but instead are filled with diagrams and pictures to explain his results. His drawings of shaded balloons to indicate eigenvectors, a unit used in mathematics, are now the accepted scientific notation for illustrating this value. \n Answer: His family may have settled in the United States.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the above passage about Hoffman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-68c0d73b3bc04707bb7dbca16c107b30",
            "input": "Article: Many of the world's famous cities are known by some special names. Paris is known as the \"City of Light\". Hong Kong is the \"Wall Street of Asia\". One small city in Pennsylvania may be the sweetest place on Earth. That is town of Hershey, which is known as the \"Chocolate Town\". It is named after Milton Hershey, the founder of the largest chocolate factory in the world. Milton Hershey built his first candy factory in the early 1900s. At the time, Hershey was developing a technique for milk chocolate. Eventually he succeeded. Hershey was also the first to produce individually wrapped chocolate bars. His factory grew and produced more and more types of chocolate. To this day, Hershey's chocolate factory is the largest in the world. Hershey used his success to give back to the community. He built a town around the factory for his employees. He gave streets fun names like Chocolate Avenue. He built schools, parks and shops. This generous man gave millions of dollars to charity. He built an amusement park with rides, trains for children and a swimming pool. Over the years, the town grew. People from near and far came to visit this special town, whose beauty and fame continue to attract lots of tourists. Every year close to three million tourists visit the Chocolate Town. Today visitors to the city can enjoy a variety of attractions and activities. The Hershey chocolate factory offers tours. Visitors can learn all about chocolate and how it is made. A gift shop sells all kinds of chocolate and toys made to look like chocolate. Even if you don't buy a souvenir, there is one thing that is impossible to forget: the wonderful _ of fresh chocolate everywhere. In this special place even the streetlights are shaped like chocolate. Another attraction is the Hershey Hotel. It has an unusual mineral spring where guests can enjoy a variety of special treatments. The treatments all have one thing in common: chocolate. \n Answer: Pennsylvania Chocolates",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a3bffb3cabd84d39b362b6cb2dd0e24e",
            "input": "Article: History is full of examples of leaders joining together to meet common goals. But rarely have two leaders worked together with such friendship and cooperation as American President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. They both were born in wealthy families and were active in politics for many years. Both men loved the sea and the navy,history and nature. Roosevelt and Churchill first met when they were lowerlevel officials in World War One. But neither man remembered much about that meeting. However,as they worked together during the Second World War they came to like and trust each other. Roosevelt and Churchill exchanged more than one thousand seven hundred letters and messages during five and a half years. They met many times,at large national gatherings and in private talks. But the closeness of their friendship might be seen best in a story told by one of Roosevelt's close advisors,Harry Hopkins. Hopkins remembered how Churchill was visiting Roosevelt at the White House one day. Roosevelt went into Churchill's room in the morning to say hello. But the president was shocked to see Churchill coming from the washing room with no clothes at all. Roosevelt immediately apologized to the British leader for seeing him naked. But Churchill reportedly said: \"The Prime Minister of Great Britain has nothing to hide from the president of the United States.\" And then both men laughed. The United States and Great Britain were only two of several nations that joined together in the war to resist Hitler and his Allies. In January,1942,twentysix of these nations signed an agreement promising to fight for peace,religious freedom,human rights,and justice. The three major Allies,however,were the most important for the war effort: the United States,Britain,and the Soviet Union. Yet,Churchill and Roosevelt disagreed about when  to attack Hitler in western Europe. And Churchill resisted Roosevelt's suggestions that Britain give up some of its colonies. But in general,the friendship between Roosevelt and Churchill,and between the United States and Britain led the two nations to cooperate closely. \n Answer: Roosevelt and Churchill had much in common.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9ab13792a4a4763b923f55ee820f569",
            "input": "Article: One morning, I stepped out of bed and put my feet on the floor. Suddenly, a mean little man jumped out from under the bed and stabbed (,) an ice pick   through my left foot. Figuratively   speaking, yes. I took another step and he stabbed it again. This went on all day. Step, stab, scream. Over the next few days, I started limping  . My whole body hurt. Even my hair. I kept thinking that the little man would get tired of stabbing me and go pick on somebody else.We often take things for granted until we lose them or they start to hurt. My brother deals with pain every day. He's also blind and suffers from cerebral palsy  , needs a walker to walk, doesn't take much for granted. I had to wonder: What would he think about my foot? Finally, after a week of pain, I went to see a very nice foot doctor. The doctor studied my foot, took X-rays, shook his head, and said the little man's name: Arthur Itis, or Arthritis  . I knew it well. I'd often heard it hissed angrily by my grandparents and parents, all attacked by Arthur's ice pick when they got older. \"Wait,\" I said. \"Doesn't Arthur usually just pick on old people?\" The doctor smiled, looking at my chart. \"How old are you?\" I gave him a look. \"Never mind,\" I said. \"Can you fix it?\" \"Well,\" he said, \"we can try.\" He listed several options and I chose the injection  . It didn't hurt much. Not half as much as the ice pick. That was yesterday. This morning, I awoke, took a few careful steps and ... hallelujah!It hurt just a bit, but no ice pick. I looked under the bed. No sign of Arthur. Maybe he was hiding in the closet, waiting for another day.But for now, he was gone, and I was grateful.My mind began to race with plans to do all the things I'd been putting off for days:unpack, clean the house, wash my hair ... Then it hit me. Another stab. Not in my foot. In my heart. I remembered that I hadn't called my brother in a long time. It's easy to take some things for granted. But it should never be the people we love. \n Answer: Because she believed that she could endure the pain like her brother did.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the author go to see the doctor for the first week?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae5ff9ddb93f40b3af8dc1f0035c5358",
            "input": "Article: Once upon a time, there was an island inhabited by: Happiness, Sadness, Knowledge, and all the rest of it, including Love. One day it was announced to the feelings that the island would sink, so all constructed boats and left. Except for Love. Love was the only one who stayed. Love wanted to hold out until the last possible moment. When the island had almost sunk, Love decided to ask for help. Richness was passing by Love in a grand boat. Love said, \"Richness, can you take me with you?\" Richness answered, \"No, I can't. There is a lot of gold and silver in my boat. There is no place here for you.\" Love decided to ask Vanity  who was also passing by in a beautiful vessel. \"Vanity, please help me!\" \"I can't help you, Love. You are all wet and might damage my boat,\" Vanity answered. Sadness was close by so Love asked, \"Sadness, let me go with you.\" \"Oh . . . Love, I am so sad that I need to be by myself!\" Happiness passed by Love, too, but she was so happy that she did not even hear when Love called her. Suddenly, there was a voice, \"Come, Love, I will take you.\" It was an elder. So blessed and overjoyed, Love even forgot to ask the elder where they were going. When they arrived at dry land, the elder went her own way. \n Answer: Love takes a long period.",
            "output": [
                "What idea did the writer intend to tell us in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-56a6ec3da5f844e6ba899ce7457dbc3d",
            "input": "Article: One day in January, my uncle, my cousin and I decided to go hunting.We left by car in the afternoon.It was a Range Rover with four-wheel drive.It took us three hours to get there.After we arrived at 5:15 p.m., we fixed the tent, then made coffee and had a short rest.After that, we went hunting, using a falcon .We spent two hours without finding anything.On our way back to the camp, my cousin saw a rabbit.I removed the falcon's bead cover and let go of the aggressive falcon.When the rabbit saw the falcon, it ran fast, but my falcon was a professional hunter.He flew up and came down to trick the rabbit.After two minutes, the rabbit was caught.We took it back to the camp to cook our dinner.We ate the delicious food, drank Arabic coffee, and sat around the fire talking until 10:30 p.m. We left the camp the next day at 7 o'clock in the morning.We went north.However, around 10:00 a.m.our car got stuck in the sand! We spent about three hours trying to pull out the car without any progress.Finally, we decided to walk.As it was hard for an old man or a young boy to walk more than 40km in the desert, I decided to get help myself.I took a bottle of water with me and started to walk south alone.I knew the way well, but it was a long way in the sand.I walked more than four hours without stopping.When I felt so tired and thirsty, I stopped to rest.I drank all the water and slept for around two hours. When I got up, it was dark.I continued to walk south.I was worried about my uncle and cousin.Suddenly, I met a Bedouin man who was riding his camel.He took me to his house.When I had had enough rest, I asked him to take me to the road where I found a car.It took me to the city to get help.I had one day to get back to my uncle and cousin.When I got back to them, they were so happy because I had gotten help and they were able to see me again. \n Answer: Enjoyable.",
            "output": [
                "Which word can best describe the first evening of their hunting trip?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9f7d09c7144420ea694a405ee2fb61f",
            "input": "Article: Researchers in London and Bristol have found that men are particularly likely to yield to depression if their partners are also depressed. The finding highlights the importance of paying attention to the partners of depressed mothers, as young children themselves are vulnerable   to social problems if both parents are depressed. Researchers in London and at the University of Bristol launched their study to investigate whether family structure affects the likelihood of depression in men around the time their child is born. They looked at men from traditional families, men with children from a previous relationship, men whose partners had children by a former partner, and men who were not living with their partners. All 7,108 participants filled out a questionnaire on depression, and answered questions about their age, education level and employment status. Details about the quality of their relationships with their partners, networks of friends and previous life events were also recorded. About 3.5 percent of the men and 13 percent of their partners suffered depression around the time their child was born. While men in stepfamilies or who were not living with their partners were twice as likely to get depressed as those in traditional families, this could be explained by other factors that are more common in nontraditional families, such as poor education and relationship conflicts. Even allowing for all these factors, however, the partners of women who were suffering from prenatal   depression were significantly more likely to become depressed themselves, the researchers report in an American journal. Ten percent of women who were depressed had depressed partners. For the healthy women, the figure was only 2.6 percent. Previous research suggests that families with two depressed parents may need special attention. A researcher in Atlanta has found that primary school children with two troubled parents have difficulty relating to their peers. \"It's extremely important to look at the whole family.\" she says. \n Answer: To study whether family structure affects depression in men when their child is born.",
            "output": [
                "Why did researchers in London and Bristol carry out such an investigation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9059450b06684bc38a9c4a9c7b051814",
            "input": "Article: Inprefix = st1 /Chinahe's known as \"the Flying Fish\"; inAmericathey call him \"the Baltimore Bulet\". Whatever you call him, American swimmer Michael Phelps looks destined  to become a household name across the world after breaking the Olympic record for most gold medals in a single Games.  Phelps's total of eight gold medals in Beijingput him one ahead of Mark Spitz's previous record set in 1972. Now people are already calling him the greatest Olympian of all time. But whether he is or not, what is it that makes Michael Phelps so good? A good place to start might be his physique . Phelps has the perfect body shape for a swimmer: his arm span is longer than his height, he has very flexible joints, huge lungs, and his incredibly large feet (size 14 in the US, size 49 inChina) act like flippers in the water. To feed his huge swimmer's body, Phelps eats an astonishing 12,000 calories a day, six times the average for a man of his age.  He then owes it to a swimsuit which has been making waves in the world of swimming. Designed by NASA, the American space agency, the suit is made of a special material which is said to help athletes swim 2% faster. Michael Phelps should spare a thought for his mum, who first pushed him into swimming as a way of making friends, and who believed in him when one teacher said he would never be a success. Whatever the reason for his success, Phelps admits there was perhaps also a bit of luck involving in winning his eight medals. \"I guess eight is a lucky number for me, too, now. The opening ceremony started on 8/8/08. Maybe it was meant to be,\" he said. \n Answer: 7",
            "output": [
                "How many gold medals did Mark Spitz won in 1972?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-38618200785548d7aa8ad79092ea96fb",
            "input": "Article: Glaucoma is a major cause of blindness around the world, especially in developing countries. The World Health Organization says glaucoma is a greater public health challenge than cataracts , because the blindness caused by the latter can be cured after operations. Glaucoma is a disease that makes people around the world lose their sight, and they usually don't even know they have the disease until it has permanently destroyed at least 40 percent of their sight. The process is usually so painless and subtle , so people don't notice it. Actually, the simplest medical test can discover it. \"It is the leading cause of blindness in the United States. In Hispanics and in African-Americans, it's the second leading cause of blindness and so is the case in the Chinese and Indians.\" said Dr. Alan Robin, a specialist in treating glaucoma. \"The glaucoma we see in sub-Saharan Africa is a much more aggressive blinding disease than the glaucoma we see in Americans or even African- Americans in-the United States.\" he said.     . Dr. Eric Fleischer also sees at Medstar Washington Hospital Center. \"Pretty much anybody who has ancestors in Africa has an increased chance of developing glaucoma.\" Age is another thing that may lead to glaucoma, although people of all ages can get it. Glaucoma is a group of diseases that commonly produce pressure in the eye. An eye is sort of like a watch. And behind the face of the watch, liquid is made. It goes through your pupil and into the front of the watch between the face and the crystal.There's an area around the edge of the watch that drains the liquid. When that drain is blocked, the liquid can't leave the eye as fast as it is produced. The rising pressure within the eye damages and eventually kills the optic  nerve. The result is blindness. Fortunately, if caught early, glaucoma can be controlled. Glaucoma is not curable. But as  researchers worldwide lean more about it, they grow more hopeful that glaucoma can one day be cured or even prevented. \n Answer: In Japan",
            "output": [
                "In which country is glaucoma the biggest danger to people's sight?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb80f78a8f784c05af2e5a428ed9714e",
            "input": "Article: LIKE many teachers, Cristi Derow and Jennifer Bradley have spent most of their careers giving classroom lectures to students who sat passively in their seats. The Lewisvillle, Texas, school teachers were aware that the hours they spent on preparing lessons were too often wasted on many students. So Forestwood High School, Texas, used the \"flipped   classroom\" method of instruction. \"We've completely done away with our lecture,\" Derow said. And homework assignments \"are all done in class,\" Bradley said. With the flipped concept, a student's usual homework assignment is to watch pre-recorded lectures on their computers or smart phones.They walk into class ready to discuss the topic, collaborate  with other students and work on assignments based on what they learned from the video. Free from lecturing, the teachers can use class time to look deeper into the subject and focus on difficult concept. As students change from a passive to an active role, they learn critical thinking skills, learn to collaborate and become independent learners. Instead of doing homework assignments alone at home, students are now \"working together, talking about it,\" Bradley said. \"If they don't agree on an answer, they debate it and have to justify their answers. It's a higher level of learning.\" Her students give the flipped classroom high marks. Sarah Lee, 14, watches the 30-minute videos on a home computer. She likes the ability to rewind the tapes if she doesn't understand a concept. She also likes being able to watch the lessons on her own schedule. One of her classmates, Dawson Depperschmidt has the same idea and thinks the time she spends in the classroom is more _ . \"It gives us more time to learn at school,\" Dawson said. \"You get more in-depth in class. \n Answer: They have to be independent and cooperative.",
            "output": [
                "What difference does the \"flipped classroom\"method make to students?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad9d28d05a574386a1764623d4d3ebf3",
            "input": "Article: Anger is good for you, as lon g as you control it, according to new psychology research. A new study from Carnegie Mellon University shows anger may help people reduce the negative impacts of stress and help you become healthier. \"Here getting emotional is not bad for you if you look at the case of anger,\" said Jennifer Lerner of Carnegie Mellon. \"The more people display anger, the lower their stress responses.\" Lerner studied 92 UCLA students by asking them to count back from 6,200. They must say out loud every thirteenth number. Researchers disturbed them by asking them to count faster or ask them other questions. If they made any mistakes, they had  to restart from the very beginning. Many students felt depressed about making so many mistakes or got angry because the researchers were interrupting them. Lerner used a hidden video camera and recorded all their facial expressions during the test. The researchers describe their reactions as fear, anger and disgust. Other researchers recorded the students' blood pressure, pulse and production of a high-stress hormone   called cortisol. People whose faces showed more fear during th e experiment had higher blood pressure and higher levels of the hormone. Both can have lasting effects such as diabetes  , heart disease, depression and extra weight gain. When people feel fear, negative impacts increase, but when they get angry, those negatives go down, according to the study. \"Having that sense of anger leads people to actually feel some power in what otherwise is maddening   situation,\" Lerner said. Lerner previously studied Americans' emotional response to the 911 terrorist attacks two months after the incident. She found people who reacted with anger were more optimistic. These people are healthier compared with those who were frightened during the event. So in maddening situations, anger is not a bad thing to have. It's a healthier response than fear. \n Answer: It's better to be angry than to be frightened.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement will Jennifer Lerner agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4b46edd206e840f6a37aeafc03266194",
            "input": "Article: Twenty courses provided by 18 top Chinese universities went online on Wednesday, China's latest attempt to disseminate teaching resources within the nation and promote Chinese culture globally. These courses cover 20 subjects or lectures given by speakers and professors from several universities, including Zhejiang University, Nankai University and Wuhan University.Most of the courses will focus on traditional Chinese culture, according to the Ministry of Education. They are available through the websites of NetEase and China Network Television, as well as icourse.edu.cn, for free. Some of the courses will be translated into English and promoted across the rest of the world, according to NetEase Company, an international body promoting open content among the world's universities. The company has set up a translation team and \"will kick off the translation work when we finish the negotiation on intellectual rights with universities\", said Zhu Xirui, a senior manager for NetEase Company.          \"We want to promote Chinese culture to overseas netizens through the program,\" he said. Ding Xiuhong, another manager of NetEase Company, said they had invested more than 15 million yuan($2.37 million)in the program. \"Although we haven't made a profit from 'the program, it will at least help increase our website's page views,\" Ding said. \"I'd like to watch the Chinese elite  classes, such as Chinese literature and poetry, as well as economy,\" said Jeremy Scaramuzzi, a teacher at Tsinghua International School. He said he was also interested in Chinese classes on political science since that is the subject he majored in in the United States. \n Answer: The program is of little value to Chinese students.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-01a3ac3e60c74151af9da7fd17506a63",
            "input": "Article: The new world of today introduced new threats that were not known in the previous generations: Internet predators . Often we do a lot of our researching, shopping, talking; just about everything online nowadays. New advancements in revolution comes along with the unwanted attackers. There are people out there who gain pleasure from, interrupting and taking from our peaceful lives what's not rightfully theirs. But like with everything, there are indeed counteractive measures that can be set in place to fend off these predators from such damage. I'd like to introduce the Guardian Eye. Within this program is a complex program which has several functions to create a safe atmosphere for whomever uses the computer, It has the ability to track and log every key stroke, every website that has ever been accessed, takes screenshots of web pages, blocks web pages according to content and even sends you messages via email once conspicuous  activity has been reported and logged. Just think, you or child could be browsing and searching through the Internet and inappropriate content pops up with several different windows. You try to click out of the windows but you accidentally click one which releases spyware, infecting your computer. Guardian Eye blocks unwanted content from popping up or appearing to the users, which I thought was extremely convenient. In this way there is not even the slightest temptation. This product helps prevent damage from being done to your computer and worse, your identity. It's quite the product and it offers a little version so you may try it out first. If you'd like the full package, it's a once time fee 39.99 and can be installed on unlimited computers for your convenience. It's a nice deal and I'm considering getting it again considering I do a lot of writing on various websites myself. \n Answer: It stops spyware from entering the computer.",
            "output": [
                "In what way is Guardian Eye most useful to kids?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c7bceb925292498196b1ffb389bbac16",
            "input": "Article: Depression is a serious problem today.Depression causes workers to be unproductive,causing companies and countries to lose billions of dollars.One expert says that depression is like cancer because it is \"widespread,costly and deadly\".Depression hits one person in five around the world. Although people have believed depression to be a problem among the rich and educated,studies show that depression is a problem among everyone. Over any six-month period,between five to seven percent of the world's population will be suffering from a serious depression. suicide rates among people suffering from the disease in its extreme,or clinical form were 80 percent higher than in the population at large,and sufferers were four times more likely to have heart attacks. People who suffer from depression often have problems sleeping,getting up on time,and doing work productively. Depression,which researchers agree has its origin in the genes ,brings loss of confidence and ability to concentrate-making it impossible for employees and managers to work efficiently. Depression is made more serious in China by Chinese's inability to face it.Many people believe that depressed people are either weak or lazy.  Besides,there is no good treatment,with few specialists available. \"Most patients in China just don't get help,\"a Chinese doctor says.\"In my hospital.I have to see 30 or 40 patients in a morning,just have time to say \"Hello how do you feel?\" In Western countries,people are not afraid to admit that they have depression,but most do not tell it to their boss,because they fear that their boss would fire them. \"In my experience,aging bosses are the most willing to admit they have it. Because they feel the most secure about themselves,\"an American doctor says. Hopefully,in the near future,people around the world will be able to admit that they have depression so that they can get the right treatment. \n Answer: Depression brings great problems to its sufferers in their life and work",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e6381b40b24484bb8afce8d08fe71b1",
            "input": "Article: Welcome to our third newsletter of the year! Our major activity for March is our Walk for the Woods fundraising event on Saturday, 17thMarch, starting any time between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. We will be walking the distance between Warley Woods and Tipperary. It is indeed a long way--80 miles. The more people that you can get to sponsor you, the more money we can raise to help look after our beautiful woodland. More information is available on our website. The Sunday volunteers planted two beeches and an oak last week. This was thanks to the money from the Big Tree Plant and to Lisa and Gordon Whitaker, whose friends gave money for the big trees instead of for their wedding presents. Thanks to everyone who took part. There were 15 volunteers at the Oral History Training Day which was led very ably by Julia Letts. The group will be meeting again and will start to interview the local people who have offered to tell their stories. We are happy to hear from others who would like to be interviewed about their memories of the Woods for the project. If you or anyone you know is interested, please call Viv Cole at the office. This project is financed by Heritage Lottery Fund. There was a huge response to the Forest Schools activities held at half term. These will be held again during the Easter holidays on the following dates: 4thApril from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. for over 8s. On 12thApril from 10 a. m. to 12 noon, there will be a Teddy Bears' Picnic for the under 8s. All these must be booked in advance. Finally, don't forget the Easter Egg Roll on Bank Holiday, 9thApril, starting at 11 a.m. Bring your own hard-boiled and decorated egg to roll down the hill in the woods. The first past the finishing line will win a large chocolate egg! This year, due to popular demand, there will also be an Adults' Easter Egg Roll following the children's competition. We look forward to seeing you all soon, at one of our many events! \n Answer: The Oral History Training Day.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following will be on 9thApril?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d07dc5f6b8ff477193b8f688d4ffaada",
            "input": "Article: From babies to body builders, we all have muscles. They grow, they bulge , they stretch they stretch and sometimes they even painfully pull. But for all the work they do for us, we are still unable to crown one as \"the strongest muscle.\" Instead, a few muscles could claim the title, depending on how strength is measured. If the title goes to the muscle that can exert  the most force, the victor would be the soleus , according to Gray's Anatomy . Without this muscle, we wouldn't be able to stand, walk, run or shake our bodies on the dance floor. If the soleus was not continuously pulling, we would always be falling over ourselves (although some of us tend to do that from time to time anyway). But perhaps the title should go to the muscle that exerts the most pressure. Pressure is different from force -- pressure takes into account the area over which a force is exerted. The muscle that takes the prize for delivering the greatest amount of pressure is the masseter, or the jaw muscle, according to the book \"Clinical Oral Science\" (Reed Educational and Professional Publishing, 1998). In 1986, Richard Hofmann of Lake City, Fla., achieved a bite strength of 975 pounds (442 kilograms) for two seconds, setting a Guinness Record. Talk about jaw dropping! The jaw is able to clench  and chew because of the masseter muscle. Others may argue the muscles used in childbirth are the most powerful. When it comes to versatility, perhaps the tongue is the strongest muscle. Its combination of elasticity  and forcefulness gives us the ability to speak, eat and kiss - all things very desirable on a first date. However dexterous  it may be though, its power does not match that of muscles such as the soleus. If slow and steady wins the race, the heart is certainly a _ for the title. When it contracts, the muscle pumps about 2 ounces (59 milliliters) of blood, and is constantly working over a lifetime. Beating about 40 million times a year, a person's heart will beat approximately 2.5 billion times by the time of their 70th birthday. \n Answer: What's the strongest muscle in the human body?",
            "output": [
                "Which would be t he best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9ed13d78e1494cbd92e5f3bb783ad1c9",
            "input": "Article: Bobby Moresco grew up in New York's Hell's Kitchen, a poor working-class neighborhood on Manhattan's West Side. But Hell's Kitchen lies right next door to Broadway, and the bright lights attracted Bobby from the time he was a teen. Being stage-struck was hardly what a street kid could admit to his partners. Fearing their making fun of him, he told no one, not even his girlfriend, when he started taking acting lessons at age 17. If you were a kid from the neighborhood, you became a cop, construction worker, longshoreman or criminal. Not an actor. Moresco struggled to make that long walk a few blocks east. He studied acting, turned out for all the cattle calls  -- and during the decade of the 1970s made a total of $2,000. \"I wasn't a good actor, but I had a driving need to do something different with my life,\" he says. He moved to Hollywood, where he drove a cab and worked as a waiter. \" My father said, 'Stop this craziness and get a job; you have a wife and daughter.' \"But Moresco kept working at his chosen career. Then in 1983 his younger brother Thomas was murdered in a killing. Moresco moved back to his old neighborhood and started writing as a way to explore the pain of Hell's Kitchen. Half-Deserted Streets, based on his brother's killing, opened at a small Off-Broadway theater in 1988. A Hollywood producer saw it and asked him to work on a screenplay. His reputation grew, and he got enough assignments to move back to Hollywood. By 2003, he was again out of work and out of cash when he got a call from Paul Haggis, a director who had befriended him. Haggis wanted help writing a film about the country after September 11. The two worked on the writing Crash, but every studio in town turned it down. They kept trying. Studio executives, however, thought no one wanted to see hard lives in modern America. Crash slipped into the theaters in May 2005, and quietly became both a hit and a critical success. It was nominated for six Academy Awards and won three -- Best Picture, Best Film Editing and Best Writing (Original Screenplay) by Paul Haggis and the kid from Hell's Kitchen. At age 54, Bobby Moresco became an overnight success. \"If you have something you want to do in life, don't think about the problems,\" he says, \"think about other ways to get it done.\" \n Answer: He had no talent for acting.",
            "output": [
                "Why Bobby Moresco did not tell anyone that he started taking lessons at age 17?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-88523bb32efd41fca4f3b5ca3012eb4e",
            "input": "Article: WHEN he was 11 years old, he loved fishing in the lake near his family's house in New Hampshire. On the day before bass   season began, he and his father went fishing in the evening. He tied a small silver lure   on his fishing rod   and practiced casting. The lure struck the water and caused ripples   in the black water. When his rod bent over, he knew something huge was on the other end. His father watched with admiration as the boy skillfully pulled the fish in. Finally, he lifted it from the water. It was the largest one he had ever seen, but it was a bass. The boy and his father looked at the handsome fish. The father lit a match and looked at his watch. It was 10pm --two hours before bass season began. The father looked at the fish, then at the boy. \"You'll have to put it back, son.\" he said. \"Dad!\" cried the boy. \"There will be other fish,\" said his father. \"Not as big as this one,\" cried the boy. He looked around the lake. No other fishermen or boats were anywhere around. He looked again at his father's stern face. Even though no one had seen them, the boy knew that the decision was not negotiable .He slowly lowered the fish back into the water. The creature swam away. The boy thought that he would never again see such a great fish. That was 34 years ago. Today, the boy is a successful architect in New York City. His father's house is still there by the lake. He takes his own son and daughters fishing there. He has never again caught such a large fish as the one he landed that night long ago. But he does see that same fish again and again---every time he faces a question of right and wrong. His father taught him it is the practice of doing right that is difficult. Do we do right when no one is looking? \n Answer: It was the custom to free a fish after catching it.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the father ask the boy to put the bass back in the water?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-271f83b7f57349578ab44e4882b984bc",
            "input": "Article: Cyprus is the third largest island and one of the most popular tourist destinations in the Mediterranean Sea. It attracts over 24 million tourists every year. It gained independence  from the UK in 1960. Cyprus is a developed country and has been a member of the European Union since 1 May ,2004. It didn't begin to use the euro  until 1 January. 2008. As a tourist destination, Cyprus has clean beaches and fine weather all the year round. There are Roman and Greek ruins on the  island, which attract tourists most.     You can enjoy skiing and hiking in its huge mountains and charming villages. In the towns and cities, there are some modern hotels, bars and clubs with bright lights and rich nightlife. The story of the island can date back over 10,000 years. Cyprus has long been seen as an important strategic  base. Many civilizations  have swept through it over the years. In 1974 the Turkish army arrived on the northern coast of Cyprus. They were invited by the Turkish Cypriot leader in order to protect the Turkish villages. Since then the Turkish army took control of the northern third of the island. The Greek               Cypriot controlled the other. UN peacekeeping forces kept the peace between the two sides. Although it has political problems,  Cyprus is a country that easily links modern European culture with its past.   Here, visitors can discover clean beaches, all kinds of grape wine and ancient ruins.   With fruit trees around,  the old stone villages make tourists feel that modern Europe seems a very long way away indeed. \n Answer: The ancient ruins.",
            "output": [
                "What's the most attractive to tourists in Cyprus?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b41e91b086a34e8aa568acea1a9513b7",
            "input": "Article: NOWADAYS, most animated   films rely heavily on computer technology. But his magical world - where witches   cast spells and castles float in the sky - is brought to life by hand. Nevertheless, Hayao Miyazaki is referred to as Japan's Walt Disney and considered by many to be the world's greatest living animator. This month, the 72-year-old Miyazaki announced his retirement. The Japanese animator has directed 11 animated full-length films over the past four decades, including the Oscar-winning Spirited Away (<<>> ) and his latest release, The Wind Rises (<<>> ), which tells the life story of a man who designed Japanese World War II fighter planes. Just as The Wind Rises shows, Miyazaki is well-known for his obsession with flight, especially human flight. Other striking aspects of Miyazaki's films include his themes of environmental protection and the horrors of war. Miyazaki's work is also famous for its lack of clearly defined good and evil characters. He sees the 21st century as a complex time when old norms need to be re-examined. As a storyteller, he is an inventor of fairy tales full of mystery. In the Miyazakian universe, wizards   turn into birds of prey; young girls are transformed overnight into 90-year-old women; greedy parents are changed into pigs; and shooting stars become fire demons  . As a visual   artist, most of Miyazaki's grace comes from his vivid   colors and lovingly drawn landscapes - a rolling meadow   covered with flowers and shadowed by clouds, or a range of rocky hills rising toward snow-capped mountain peaks People attribute Miyazaki's success to his long pursuit of his hand-drawn technique, although in an interview with CNN he called himself an \"extinct species\" in the age of digital animation. A recent television documentary on the making of The Wind Rises showed a disappointed Miyazaki throwing a pile  of drawings into the trash. He is said to have redrawn thousands of frames of the much-praised Princess Mononoke (<<>> ) when they did not meet his standards. But his huge attention to detail has earned him the respect of the entire animated film world. Even John Lasseter - head of Pixar, the famous US computer animation studio - once called Miyazaki \"one of the greatest filmmakers of our time\". \n Answer: It is an Oscar-winning film.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about Miyazaki's film The Wind Rises?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2e9c6cfe2e92498381a8f4a27234f23e",
            "input": "Article: Over two hundred years ago, Adam Smith introduced some ideas which brought about a world revolution.If we enjoy a high standard of living in modem society, we owe much to this Scottish economist and philosopher.If we enjoy driving in beautiful cars, wearing fashionable shoes, or flying away to distant places for exciting holidays, we should perhaps pay thanks to the man who made it all possible. What was Adam Smith's contribution? Like so many ideas which have surprising effects, his was a simple one.He watched workers practicing their craft  of pi11 making.One man would heat the strip of metal, stretch it out, cut off a suitable length, shape it, cool it and finally smooth and shine it.Smith drew attention to the advantages which could be gained if these various tasks were performed by different workers.Let one be responsible for preparing the metal.Another for stretching and cutting.Another for shaping.Another for finishing.He described the technique as the Division of Labor; in this way workers repeat the same actions again and again.Smith made the world believe that specialization could solve the problem of poverty and want. What was the result? The Industrial Revolution.Productivity was greatly increased.For Britain, where the revolution started, there was a prosperity which made it the richest country in the nineteenth century.British trains and railway lines spread out like a spider's web across the world.British ships were used to carry the new goods from one comer of the world to another. The revolution is not over.It is still with us, but now it is a worldwide phenomenon  .Everywhere, factories are producing large numbers of similar products, and are in continuous production.What were called mass - production lines yesterday are called robotic productions today.The pace of change is increasing.And if these techniques have brought us prosperity, they have also brought us a little misery in overcrowded towns, boring jobs and, most of all, unemployment. \n Answer: The Theory of Division of Labor and Its Significance",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best tide for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f373b49b06d74e478cbba4cddbfa9b27",
            "input": "Article: Commodities  are basic materials that are used and traded worldwide. The price of commodities helps determine how much a business can charge for a product and the profit it can make. Commodity prices have reached a two-year high since falling sharply during the world financial crisis. Hard commodities are materials like iron ore, oil and gold. Agricultural products are soft commodities. These include wheat, cotton and rice. Economic measures show the world economy is recovering. China and India, for example, have reported strong growth in manufacturing . Developed nations have had slower growth. John James, a business professor at Pace University, says demand in developing economics can push up prices for commodities like oil and iron are used for making steel. But, he says, changing currency values can also influence prices. Gold prices have reached record levels in recent months. That means gold dealers must pay more for the commodity now than they did only a year ago. That affects current prices. Not surprisingly, manufacturers want some control over the prices they pay for commodities. Futures  contracts are agreements between a buyer and a seller to exchange something at a set price at some time in the future. These contracts let buyers lock in a price for basic materials. But some traders in futures markets only want to make a profit. They buy or sell contracts depending on the direction they believe prices will go. These speculators  get  _ when prices rise, or fall, too quickly. The United States, Germany and France are looking into ways to limit this kind of trading. Some experts say exporting commodities is not a good path to long-term economic growth. The United Nations recently reported that the least developed countries must change their economics to provide good incomes for their citizens. A UN official says the least developed countries need to cut dependence on commodities and manufacture products for export. He says only this will let them gain from world trade. \n Answer: Growth in manufacturing in developing nations.",
            "output": [
                "What is the leading factor for this round of growth of commodity prices?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e7d55f81e0f548c496690bf06cfad7a7",
            "input": "Article: It's an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My wife says no because we have no savings to save us. I say you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday. The joy of a recession   means no argument next year - we just won't go. Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday A YouGov survey of 2, 000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples. Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money may be different things to men and women. \"People can say the same things about money but have different ideas of what it's for.\" he explains. \"They'll say it's to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them.\" He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they've achieved something. \"The biggest problem is that couples assume each other know what's going on with their finances, but they don't. There seems to be more of a taboo   about talking about money than about death. But you both need to know what you're doing, who's paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship, you don't have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it.\" \n Answer: Men and women view money in different ways.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, what does Kim Stephenson believe?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1f394e0dc02b4af98fbf93c67f12eb06",
            "input": "Article: They say that sticks and stones may break your bones, but words will never hurt you. Yet childhood bullying   really can damage your long-term health. Gone are the days when bullying was considered an unavoidable and finally harmless part of growing up -- just last month we learned that childhood bullying can lead to poorer mental health even into middle age. Now William Copeland at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, and his colleagues have shown that it can have lasting physiological effects too. They tracked 1,420 nine-year-olds right through their teens. Each child was seen up to nine times during the study and asked about bullying. The team then measured levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in their blood. CRP is a marker of inflammation   linked to higher risk of cardiovascular disease   and problems like diabetes. \"Because we were collecting biological samples throughout, we were able to look at CRP levels in subjects _ their bullying involvement.\" says Copeland. \"This really gives us an idea of the changes bullying brings about.\" Although CRP levels naturally rise in everyone during adolescence, levels were highest in children who reported suffering from bullies. Even at the ages of 19 and 21, children who had once been bullied had CRP levels about 1.4 times higher than peers who were neither wrongdoers nor victims. In a cruel twist, the bullies had the lowest levels of all, suggesting they didn't suffer the same health risks. They may even see a benefit from their behavior, though Copeland stresses it doesn't defend their actions. \"The goal would instead be to find other ways to produce this protective effect without it being at someone else's expense.\" he says. Andrea Danese at King's College London has before shown that ill-treatment during childhood can lead to high levels of inflammation in adult life. \"This new study is a helpful addition in showing that these effects extend to another important childhood stressor.\" he says. He suggests that care workers monitor levels of CRP in children having psychotherapy to see if it is helping to reduce the stress of being bullied. \n Answer: It is a sign of the inflammation.",
            "output": [
                "What do you know about CRP?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e81909703d224e9f83294efde72254d7",
            "input": "Article: prefix = st1 /Yao-less Rockets Keep Rising     Houston Agencies(March 9,2008)--Tracy McGrady had 41 points and nine assists as the Houston Rockets won their 18th game continuously with a 106-96 win over New Orleans on Saturday.     McGrady fell just six points short of his season high for points as the Rockets kept their winning record.     The Rockets won their sixth in a row since Chinese All-Star Yao Ming went out for the season with his left foot hurt.Yao had an operation earlier in the week. Joining Hands     China Daily(March 10.2008)--To celebrate International Women's Day on Saturday, March 8,Avon Products,Inc,a leading global beauty company with almost $10 billion in yearly income and the United Nations Development Fund for Women(UNIFEM)have announced their partnership to ensure women's rights and end violence against women.     Avon has offered $1 million to the UNIFEM.The partnership will enlarge the work of the UN to improve women's economic security and rights. Oil prices fall below the $105 mark     Bloomberg News(March 11, 2008)--Oil prices dropped below $105 yesterday after last week's record highs and it reduced tension between oil producers Venezuela and Colombia over the weekend.     Cold weather in the United States and the continuing weakening of the US dollars were set as main factors supporting prices.     The rush to a new record was driven by a US Labour Department report saying that employers cut 63,000 jobs in February--the biggest drop in five years. \n Answer: $1 million",
            "output": [
                "How much did Avon Products,Inc. provide for UNIFEM?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c0a81963d68d4bb78e9bf7375bf4bba7",
            "input": "Article: Anyone for kimchi ? Around 2,000 women made the traditional dish last week in Seoul, the capital of the Republic of Korea(ROK). More than 270 tons of kimchi were produced and handed out to needy neighbours. In the ROK, kimchi is more than a dish to be eaten with every meal, even though Koreans are said to eat about 40 pounds(around 18kg) of kimchi per person each year. According to Korean.net, the country's official multilingual website, kimchi represents \"the spirit\" of the Koreans. Kimchi traditionally has a rosy color. Korea.net says: \"The color red wards off   evil spirits. The color represents the spirit of the Korean people and kimchi is more than just a food. It's a culture.\" A meal without kimchi is unthinkable. So what is kimchi? Joan Raymond, food writer for US website health.com, writes: \"It's a reddish, fermented   cabbage dish , made with a mix of garlic salt, vinegar, chili peppers and other spices. It is served at every meal, either along with or mixed with rice and noodles. It is part of a high-fiber, low fat diet, which has _ .\" Kimchi is used in everything from soups to pancakes and as a topping   on pizza and burgers. Health.com named kimchi in its list of the world's top five healthiest foods as it is rich in vitamins, aids digestion and may even reduce the risk of cancer. A study conducted by Seoul National University claimed that chickens infected with the H5N1 virus (bird flu) recovered after eating food containing the same bacteria found in kimchi. When Koreans pose for photos, they say \"kimchi\", instead of \"cheese\". \n Answer: Each person eats 40 pounds of kimchi per month.",
            "output": [
                "According to the article, which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-55b395d8e80d4c7b99848e48af350124",
            "input": "Article: Going to college and living away from home for the first time can be terribie.Students tend to have higher academic achievements in college when they enjoy living in the dormitory.Most colleges and universities have many programs that help first-year students adjust to studying and living in a new community.Take advantage of these programs and make new friends as you adjust to your college life.  _ .Greet and meet everyone in the dorm.Find out their class schedules and hobbies.You may be able to find study partners this way.Most students are just like you being away from their home the first time.Don't be afraid toknock on your neighbors'doors and introduce yourself.The residence staff will also help you in adjusting tocollege iife.Get to know them as soon as possible. Get along with your roommate.Your roommates can be eitherr your lifelong friends or enemies.Try to be friends to them.Respect each other, including their space.Do not use your roommates' belongings without permission.Communicate among each other regarding your daily schedule, study or sleep habits and off campus guest visits. Always say hello. Get involved.To adjust to college life away from home,you need to got involved in college activities.Join clubs.Attend events that are hosted by your residence life and academic departments.Attend those events with your new friends. Most colleges have many events throughout the semester.Student union is a great place to meet new friends and learn about the upcoming events. Call home when you need to.College life can be very exciting in the beginning. Most students get lonely and homesick during the middle of the semester or during festivals,It is normal to feel sad.Call home or even visit home when you need to. Talk to your friends back home.Understand that many people love and support you and they are very proud of you. \n Answer: Advice on how to adjust to college life.",
            "output": [
                "What does the text mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc7ce5216d184d9aa246114bf8aeb81a",
            "input": "Article: One of the most popular and enduring myths about depression is that depressed people are sad all the time--and that by extension, people who are happy can't be experiencing depression, even if they say they are. It is a mistaken version of depression. Depression doesn't make you sad all the time. When I'm having a depressive feeling, I'm not walking around in black clothes, and weeping. I go out with friends. I play jokes. I keep working, and have friendly chats with the people I work with. I read books. Above all, I experience moments of happiness. Yet I feel a strange conflicting pressure. On the one hand, I feel like I need to engage in a sort of sadness for people to understand that I really am depressed and that each day is a struggle for me. Because that way I will appear suitably sad, and thus, depressed--and then maybe people will recognize that I'm depressed and perhaps they'll even offer support and assistance. On the other hand, I feel an extreme pressure to perform just the opposite, because sad depressed people are boring and no fun, as I am continually reminded every time I speak openly about depression or express feelings of sadness and frustration. I'm caught in a trap where if I don't perform sadness, I'm not really depressed, but if I express sadness at all to any degree, I'm annoying and boring and should stop being so self-centered. Depression can become your master, but you can slip out from under it occasionally. And many depressed people don't actually spend it fainting dramatically on the couch and talking about how miserable they are. \n Answer: Depressed people do not always feel sad.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fb8ccce4f8834f2eb1af35170146eaa8",
            "input": "Article: Recently I fully understood that a little favor could really make a big difference. My daughter and I were, accidentally, in time to catch a falling heart just before it hit the ground. It all started when Charlene, one of my co-volunteers at the library, asked if I could do her duty on Tuesday since her doctor appointment had been unexpectedly changed. I agreed, which meant I  was home on Friday instead of volunteering as previously planned. My daughter, Mary, managers a book store in town. Mid-morning, she called to ask me for help. Would I buy a fifty dollar gift card, birthday card, and cake for one of Mary's assistant managers, Cindy? Mary explained she had to call Cindy in to take the place of another assistant manager who was sick, but felt terrible about it when she discovered it was Cindy's birthday. Cindy insisted that it was just fine. But that was not what Mary thought, so she gathered enough money from other employees to throw a surprise party for Cindy. Since neither Mary, nor any of the other employees, could leave to pick up the _ , they were turning to me for help. Days later, Mary told me the wonderful rest of the story, \"Cindy cried and cried when we surprised her. After the party, Cindy told us that her boyfriend had chosen that morning to break up with her. To top that off, she only had 26 cents left in her bank account.\" We were surprised at the series of unexpected events that took place in order to circle Cindy with love and catch her falling heart just before it hit the ground. \n Answer: Sheneededtoprepareforherdaughter'sbirthday.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Charlene ask a favor of the writer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-20adf5d451e440958acc2468c7fc75fd",
            "input": "Article: More Chinese are seeking out the surgeon's knife to improve their looks.Yet the tragic death of the former Super Girl Wang Bei has made people aware of the risks of cosmetic surgery, which is becoming increasingly popular.  Wang Bei,24,is said to have gone under the knife in Wuhan,to jump-start her stage-show career. It seems that the ambitious singer has finally achieved the fame and influence after her death. For years Miss Lu expected a plastic surgery to make her jaw fashionable narrow and her face smaller. She finally decided against it after hearing of the death of Wang Bei. \"Wang Bei's death rang the warning bell for me,\"Miss Lu said in her blog.\" It was frightening and I gave up the plan. \" A common thread of online discussion is why someone considered beautiful was so dissatisfied with her looks. Some netizens said Wang was a victim of society's impractical standard of beauty:double eyelids,and the pointed chin typical of Western actresses. Others said her death indicated the limits to which people would go to achieve fame and fortune. Last year 15 billion was spent on cosmetic surgery and the figure is expected to rise  20% annually. The International Society of Plastic Surgery ranks China first in Asia in terms of the number of cosmetic surgeries in 2009. Worldwide, China is third, after Brazil, while the United States is first. Nowadays,people are living longer and better. But the effect of aging off their appearance affects their mood and confidence. Many older women want to look young and beautiful. Young people, on the other hand, see cosmetic surgery as the key to wealth and love. \"They want to improve their appearance to find better opportunities at work and in marriage,\"says a famous plastic surgeon. \"We're living in a highly competitive society. People regard appearance as a weapon in life battle. Those who are young and naturally good-looking tell me,'I don't care how much I spend. Just make me look more beautiful.' \" Advice from a surgeon and psychologist: 1.Choose regular, qualified hospitals with a good reputation. 2.Try to find an expert surgeon who will not suggest several operations over time. 3.Don't expect too much from changing your appearance. Safety should be the first. 4.Have a realistic understanding of the risks of the surgery (death,injury and failure)and make a balanced decision. \n Answer: People will feel alarmed at cosmetic surgery.",
            "output": [
                "What's the influence of Wang Bei's death on the public?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5d27f60e5b1a47d2b3493646985e5092",
            "input": "Article: Scientists found that sleeping considerably improves our creativity. After taking a nap people are able to think faster and put more imagination into their thinking. Besides, if we dream, the thinking abilities are improved even more. Researchers consider that sleeping on a problem in most cases leads to elucidation . They say when a person enters a phase called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep, _ increases the effect. Such phase takes place right before we awake and according to scientists it helps our brain make links between unrelated subjects. In the study, led by Professor Sara Mednick, scientists made a conclusion that the REM was \"important for assimilating  new information into past experience\" in order to find solutions to creative problems. Prof. Mednick is a psychiatrist at the University of California. Her study involved the analysis of 77 adults. Each participant was given several word-associated creative tasks. All tasks were given in the morning, with participants being shown a number of groups of 3 words, for example: cookie, heart and sixteen. They were asked to come up with a word that would be associated with all three given terms--like sweet. Sometime later, after some participants were allowed to sleep, they were asked to perform the same tasks and some new ones. It is worth mentioning that while some people slept, researchers used brain scans to see the type of sleep each participant entered. When given the same tasks, participants, who took a nap, were able to give more varied solutions, some of which were much better than they gave earlier. But when given new tasks, researchers found that those who entered REM sleep had a 40 percent better result compared to the performance they showed in the morning. \n Answer: Because REM can make a creative invention.",
            "output": [
                "Why do the researchers study the REM?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-42d651ccc00642548782287172314883",
            "input": "Article: Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do; once or twice she had looked into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, \"and what is the use of the book,\" thought Alice, \"without pictures and conversations?\" So she was considering in her own mind whether the pleasure of making a daisy-chain  would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly a white rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her. There was nothing so very remarkable in that; but when the rabbit actually took a watch out of its waistcoat-pocket, and looked at it, and then hurried on, Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind that she had never before seen a rabbit with either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch to take out of it, and burning with curiosity, she ran across the field after it, and fortunately was just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit- hole under the bush. The rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way, and then dipped suddenly down, so suddenly that Alice had not a moment to think about stopping herself before she found herself falling down a very deep well. Down, down, down. Would the fall never come to an end? \"I wonder how many miles I've fallen by this time?\" she said aloud. \"I must be getting somewhere near the centre of the earth. Let me see: that would be four thousand miles down, I think. I wonder if I shall fall right through the earth! How funny it'll seem to come out among the people that walk with their heads downward! The Antipathies, I think--but I shall have to ask them what the name of the country is, you know. 'Please, Ma'am, is this New Zealand or Australia?' And what an ignorant little girl she'll think me for asking! No, it'll never do to ask.\" Down, down, down. There was nothing else to do, when suddenly, thump! thump! Down she came upon a heap of sticks and dry leaves, and the fall was over. \n Answer: Books with pictures and conversations.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of books do you think will interest Alice most?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-173f11effa914ad0aca7e15a97792018",
            "input": "Article: Join in the holiday fun at the powerhouse this month linked to our new exhibition,evolution Revolution:Chinese dress 17000s to now.DON'T FORGET our other special event,the Club Med Circus School which is part of the Circus !150years of circus in Australia exhibition experience! *Chinese Folk Dancing:Colorful Chinese dance and musical performances by The Chinese Folk Dancing School of Sydney.Dances include:The Golden stick dance and the Chinese drum dance.A feature will be the Qin Dynasty Emperor's court dance.Also included is a show of face painting for Beijing Opera performances. Sunday 29June and Wednesday 2July in the Turbine Hall,at 11:30am 1:30pm. *Chinese Youth League:A traditional performing arts group featuring performance highlights such as the Red scarf and Spring flower dances,and a musician playing Er Hu. Sunday 6to Tuesday 8July in the Turbine Hall,11:30am to 1:30pm. *Kids Activity:Make a Paper Horse:Young children make a paper horse cut-out.(The horse is a frequent theme in Chinese painting,indicating a kind of advancement.) Suitable for ages8-12years. Saturday 28June to Tuesday 8July in the Turbine Hall,12:00pm to 1:00pm. *Club Med Circus School:Learn circus skills,including the trapeze,trampolining and magic.Note only for children over 5.There are 40places available in each 1hour session and these must be booked at the front desk,level 4,on the day. Tuesday 1to Saturday 5July at 11:30am 1:00pm. Enjoy unlimited free visits and many other benefits by becoming a Family member of the Powerhouse. Our family membership cover two adults and all children under the age of 16years at the one address. Members receive Powerline,our monthly magazine,discounts in the shops and the restaurants,as well as free admission to the Museum.All this for as little as$50,000a year!Call (02)9217 0600for more details. \n Answer: On July 2",
            "output": [
                "When can you watch the Chinese drum dance?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ffaf6f266b6f44cd91d524c60a8d627b",
            "input": "Article: The business executive was deep in debt and could see no way out. Creditors   were closing in on him. Suppliers were demanding payment. He sat on the park bench, head in hands, wondering if anything could save his company from bankruptcy  . Suddenly an old man appeared before him. \"I can see that something is troubling you.\" he said. After listening to the executive, the old man said: \"I believe I can help you.\" He asked the man his name, wrote out a check, and pushed it into his hand saying: \"Take this money. Meet me here exactly one year from today, and you can pay me back at that time.\" Then he turned and disappeared as quickly as he had come. The business executive saw in his hand a check for $500,000, signed by John D. Rockefeller, then one of the richest men in the world! \"I can settle all my debts in a moment!\" he realized. But instead, the executive decided to put the uncashed check in his safe, just knowing it would give him the strength to work out a way to save his business. With renewed optimism, he made better deals and extended terms of payment. He closed several big deals. Within a few months, he was out of debt and making money once again. Exactly one year later, he returned to the park with the uncashed check. At the agreed-upon time, the old man appeared. But just as the executive was about to hand back the check and share his success story, a nurse came running up and grabbed the old man. \"I'm so glad I caught him!\" she cried. \"I hope he hasn't been bothering you. He's always escaping from the rest home and telling people he's John D. Rockefeller.\" And she led the old man away by the arm. \n Answer: He might run into bankcruptcy.",
            "output": [
                "What was the executive worried about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-53b4a3d969054967a51ac214b5f07d61",
            "input": "Article: Spending as little as $5 a day on someone else could significantly _ happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia found. Their experiments on more than 630 Americans showed they were measurably happier when they spent money on others even if they thought spending the money on themselves would make them happier. \"We wanted to test our theory that how people spend their money is at least as important as how much money they earn,\" said Elizabeth Dunn, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia. They asked their 600 volunteers first to rate their general happiness, report their annual income and detail their monthly spending including bills, gifts for themselves, gifts for others and donations to charity. \"No matter how much income each person made, those who spent money on others reported greater happiness, while those who spent more on themselves did not,\" Dunn said in a statement. Dunn's team also surveyed 16 employees at a company in Boston before and after they received an annual profit-sharing bonus of between $3,000 and $8,000. \"Employees who devoted more of their bonus to prosocial spending experienced greater happiness after receiving the bonus, and the manner in which they spent that bonus was a more important predictor of their happiness than the size of the bonus itself,\" they wrote in their report, published in the journal Science. They gave their volunteers $5 or $20 and half got clear instructions on how to spend it. Those who spent the money on someone or something else reported feeling happier about it. \"These findings suggest that very minor changes in spending allocations-as little as $5 may be enough to produce real gains in happiness on a given day,\" Dunn said. \n Answer: You can spend only $5 a day on someone else to get happiness.",
            "output": [
                "What is the general idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8593f59172e843c180323565dd8630b8",
            "input": "Article: Georgia Aquarium is open 365 days a year. Please note that hours of operation do vary.Last ticket sold and entry is 30 minutes before closing time. Regular Hours Sunday--Friday:10 a.m.--5 P.m. Saturday:9 a.m.--6 p.m. Summer Hours:May 27-August 16 Monday-Saturday:9 a.m.--9 P.m. Sunday:9 a.m.--6 p.m. Full Price Total Ticket Adult(ages 13-64):$38.95 Child(ages 3-12):$32.95 Senior(age 65+):$34.95 Total Ticket Online Discount Adult(ages 13-64):$35.95 Child(ages 3-12):$29.95 Senior(age 65+):$31.95 Animal Encounters:$59.95 Beluga&Friends Interactive Program:$179.95 Journey with Gentle Giants Immersion Program:$234.95 AT&T Dolphin Tales Our new dolphin gallery, theater and show are now open.The gallery and viewing window are open to general admission guests periodically throughout the day.Show times vary each day, so check for times when you are purchasing general admission tickets.Don't forget-AT&T Dolphin Tales is included in Total Ticket general admission,so don't miss this spectacular show ! 4D Theater--Deepo's Undersea 3D Wondershow Presented by AT&T With multiple shows throughout the day,be sure to catch this unique experience at Georgia Aquarium.Admission to the 4D Theater is included in Total Ticket general admission! Journey with Gentle Giants Immersion Program Swim or scuba dive in the Ocean Voyager exhibit,built by The Home Depot.Swims are daily at 4:30 p.m.,and scuba dives are daily at 3 p.m.and Saturday and Sunday at ll a.m.Spots are limited,so it's best to book in advance. Beluga&Friends Interactive Program Interact with belugas and harbor seals in the Georgia-Pacific Cold Water Quest gallery.This animal interaction occurs daily at 10 a.m.and 1:30 p.m.Spots are limited,so it's best to book in advance. Animal Encounters Interact with a penguin daily at l1:30 a.m.and l:45 p.m.You can also experience a special encounter with a dolphin.Spots are limited,so it's best to book in advance. \n Answer: $12",
            "output": [
                "How much can they save if grandparents in their seventies with a 10-year-old boy visit Georgia Aquarium with online tickets?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-32fd1b2e4ca849cb827c22e5b92ae54d",
            "input": "Article: Thank you for your interest in volunteering with the City of Melbourne's tourism program. If you would like to receive an email advising you of the next recruitment  intake, please email . Information about volunteering with Tourism Melbourne Volunteers play a vital role in the City of Melbourne's tourism services. They provide information on Melbourne to around two million visitors each year. Their love and knowledge of the city and regional Victoria adds to Melbourne's reputation as a friendly, welcoming and culturally vibrant   city. The City of Melbourne's tourism branch generally conducts two volunteer recruitment intakes each year for the following tourism programs: Places are limited and prospective volunteers must participate in a selection process based around the following criteria. Volunteers must be:    passionate about Melbourne    customer service focused    familiar with computer    available for one four-hour shift (either morning or afternoon) each week for a minimum of one year    team players who love meeting with people    able to demonstrate a commitment to the City of Melbourne's values(as outlined in the online application) More information To find out more about becoming a tourism volunteer, contact us online or phone 03 9658 9658. For other volunteering opportunities, see national volunteer recruitment website \n Answer: On a local government website.",
            "output": [
                "Where will you most probably read the above passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b96d81c36694a289c0f61537b4f52e8",
            "input": "Article: Paul was dealing with _ . The new girl Linda in class really liked him a lot. Paul was not happy about it. Paul's good friend, Sam, tried to comfort him.  \"What's the big deal? I think Linda is kind of cute and nice enough.\" Paul glared at Sam. \"Then why don't you ask her to be your girlfriend? There she is, sitting all by herself at the other end of the cafeteria. Go there and ask her to be your honey!\" \"She's crazy about you, not me,\" Sam replied. \"Well, I don't want any girlfriend, especially not a girl like her! \"Paul growled. Sam wouldn't give up.  \"The only thing pesky about her is that she keeps writing you those notes .\" \"I don't like notes at all!\" Paul interrupted. He took another sip of milk. \"Did you notice those strange brown eyes? Why aren't they normal red or pink?\" Sam took another look at Linda. \"I think her face is a lovely shade of green. And her dark green curly hair is quite pretty. Besides, she's very gentle and that's what really matters.\" Paul stuck out his tongue. \"I think I'm going to be sick!  I'd better save my dessert for later.\" He crammed a small bag of Maggot Munchies into his even smaller shirt pocket.  \"The fact is, I have a problem. That girl is getting on my nerves!  \" Sam followed Paul's example and decided to save his dessert for later. However, he carefully placed the bag into his lunch box.  \"Do you have any ideas about how to solve your problem?\" Tremor asked. \"I'm going to be mean and rude to her,\" Paul announced.  \"I'll call her names and make ugly faces at her.\" \"That's how you treat everyone,\" Sam reminded his friend. Paul nodded. \"It's time that Linda got to know the real Paul !\" \n Answer: She fell in love with him.",
            "output": [
                "How did Linda feel about Paul ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-855f27b91f9f402c866d7efd5d228d3a",
            "input": "Article: Sometimes people give us nicknames  in order to be mean or make fun of us,which can really hurt. Four Eyes. Metal Mouth. Dumbo. Slow Poke. Crater Face. We've all heard kids calling nasty nicknames like these. Maybe you've even used similar nicknames on other kids,or been stuck with one yourself. A playground  _ or cut usually disappears after a couple of days,but the pain and the anger coming from being called a cruel nickname can last a lot longer than that. If you've ever picked on another kid by making up or using a tease nickname,or if you've ever been on the receiving end of one,you know that names like Fatso,Smelly and Short Stuff can be very hurtful. Plus,they have a habit of sticking to us like glue ! People use negative  nicknames as a way of keeping someone out of a group,of gaining power over someone,or of making themselves feel more important. You may know a kid in your class who always comes up with nicknames for the other kids. This student likes to feel cool by acting like the \"official nicknamer \". This can give a student a feeling of power,but that power comes at the cost of making other kids feel bad. Kids who give others hurtful nicknames are often trying to cover up the fact that they really feel bad about themselves. Like other kinds of insults  ,a cruel nickname can be used to make a kid feel being left out or angry. Sometimes they're even nastier than most ways of being mean,because they can be so hard to shake off. \n Answer: Hurtful nicknames",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11e27a0f0a8747f0998babc424b70cae",
            "input": "Article: The first night in Yosemite had been awfid.I hadn't been able to sleep and I was stuck in a too small tent with my wife and two kids.\"Things haven't worked out.\"I said to myself.But,like so many other things I complain before my morning coffee,this one was extremely off-key. Things weren't bad;they were good.     A hundred yards away was Summit Lake.It was beautiful.We fired up the camp stove and boiled up a cup of coffee.Half an hour later,my 6-year-old daughter and I were in the parking lot of the Lassen Peak Trail,getting ready to hike.We wouldn't make it all the way--young legs get pretty tired on a steep mountain path--but it didn't matter.We would see great views spread out below us,the volcanic ash that layered on the earth turning the melting snow a mysterious pink as the sun struck it.Later,during the hike,I felt stupid about my morning complaints.Everything had been worthwhile.It gave me great satisfaction to see my daughter so excited about the view from the mountain.     Yes,camping is uncomfortable.But there's also something wonderful about being so close to nature.Just as importantly,there's something about getting young children out of their increasingly technology-filled comfort zones and forcing them to experience the non-cyber world around them.It's a good thing to reconnect every so often with the Great Outdoors. \n Answer: Uncomlbrtable.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author first feel about camping in Yosemite?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8572ecac704847b6b633ee8c49680ae8",
            "input": "Article: There is no doubt that teens today are extremely busy. Homework piles up and extra-curricular   activities are time-consuming. Often, teens have to take part in a sport or activity after school, and they are up until 10:00 or later doing homework. Getting teenagers involved in volunteer opportunities can give them a sense of accomplishment that is not connected with sports or school. Teenagers are often in their own little world. Helping them get involved in volunteering opportunities is the perfect way for them to open up that world and give their time to a good cause. The key to getting teens involved in volunteer work is to find an opportunity that will fit into their schedule and find something that interests them. Also, keep it close to home. If they have to travel a long distance to volunteer, it's less likely to be accomplished. My son has helped with the local library's reading program for two summers. It is close to home and the schedule is very elastic. We go in and choose days that work with his schedule and he volunteers for about 2 hours at a time. He is responsible for helping kids get signed up for the summer reading program and helping them record the hours they read. It is only a one-week time commitment, but it is very rewarding. When teens volunteer they often see that there are others more needy than themselves. They also learn time management. Your teen will become a more rounded, less self-centred individual. Colleges see thousands of students applying for admission every year. If your teen has shown the devotion to volunteer in the community, it can give him the advantage for college admission or scholarship opportunities. So, volunteering is good for their present and their future! \n Answer: The benefits of volunteering for teens.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb132128993748f4a5eea98456343bac",
            "input": "Article: On a freezing cold day, a couple had to move into a small apartment because of their failure in business.The husband worked day and night to support the family but with no care of his wife.So she thought, \"He doesn't love me any more, he just cares about his business, not me\". One day, she was about to take a shower when he stopped her at the door, \"Let me take it first, okay?\"\"Why not me first?\" she asked.\"I am tired, honey, you take it later, okay?\"She was entirely unhappy. One day, she found nothing to do and turned on his computer.A few words came into her sight.Reading them, she burst into tears.It was his diary: Today, I was quite sad.She asked me why I was always taking the shower first, and I said to her, I was exhausted.She was unhappy.In her mind, I treated her not as well as usual, but what could I do? I was not as rich as before! We moved to the small apartment, and there was only one shower in the bathroom.It was so cold to take a shower in such a cold winter.But I found that if one person took the shower first, the room could get a little warmer.So every day I rushed to the bathroom first.I was thinking that, when she took the shower, the room would get warmer, even if it was only 1degC. Now I cannot give her a comfortable life, take her to good restaurants, or buy expensive dresses for her, but at least, I can give her 1degC love. \n Answer: They were too poor to live in the former house.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the couple move to the small apartment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1ce81687c0c54592aa9264507a109b44",
            "input": "Article: In America, each of the states likes to promote itself with a slogan .I currently live in Utah, where the slogan is \"Life Elevated\". It's a nod to outdoor entertainment in the high country,including  the ski industry. I previously lived in Colorado, a land with red dirt, great mountains and golden plains. T he slogan there is \"Colorful  Colorado\". Years ago I lived in the \"Peach State\" of Georgia, and I grew up in New Mexico as a little boy, whose slogan is \"Land of  Enchantment \". We never seemed to get away from dust in New Mexico, so I  appreciate the story of a   newcomer to the Land of Enchantment who learned about dusty breezes. She was visiting an antique shop and the owner wiped down every item before showing it. The newcomer said,\" Everything gets dusty here pretty quickly, doesn't it?\"\"That's not dust, honey,\" the shop owner replied, \"That's ENCHANTMENT.\". That made the problem more acceptable. That an escalator broke. He posted a sign to warn customers. He chose not to use the traditional \"Out  of Order\" or \"Do Not Use\" warnings. Instead, his sign read,\"This Escalator Is Temporarily a Stairway.\"He turned a minus into humor and made it a plus. And in fact there are some things, like the weather, we can't change. All we can change is our ways that we think and feel about them. I believe one of the best techniques to do this is to find some humor in the situation. Finding something amusing or enjoyable of  difficulty,  an irritation or a troublesome problem can be one of the most creative and effective things we can do. Sometimes the only sense you can make of a situation is a sense of humor. \n Answer: Relaxed.",
            "output": [
                "How would the newcomer probably feel after hearing what the  shop owner said?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4cf0cee85ac34035bd746247574d4564",
            "input": "Article: Earlier this year I traveled to Turkana in Kenya. I was there to take pictures of the \"broken food system\". As a special visitor, I was greeted with songs and dances. The locals used to sing and dance all the time but now Turkana is silent and has been for some years. No one is singing or dancing any more because they have no food, nothing to celebrate. Many of them are surviving on a little corn a day and water, which they can get just every two days. I met Tede Lokapelo, a local farmer who described the experience of a six-year drought . Tede used to have 200 goats, but now he has only seven left. He told me that this drought has taught him a hard lesson: It is too difficult to keep animals. He lives on animals. His traditional way of life has been completely destroyed now. Without the food aid  they got, Tede is certain that they would starve because there are no other ways to feed themselves left. Sadly, the same can be heard in almost any developing country around the world. Almost one billion people go to bed hungry each night. The food system is broken. In Turkana, not enough rain has fallen since 2005. They measure  rainfall not in days or weeks but in minutes. More and more people are being forced to rely on food aid, but people like Tede don't want food aid. They want to work and develop their country. It's our responsibility  to change the situation so that they can support themselves. Drought is impossible to avoid but famine  is manmade, and unless enough money is provided to develop a basic infrastructure  for people in the area, thousands more lives are sure to be lost. \n Answer: Because they have other interesting things to do.",
            "output": [
                "Why do people in Turkana no longer sing or dance any more?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9643e2082eb46228c6d70292bc689df",
            "input": "Article: We've all heard the old saying,\"Sticks and stones can break my bones,but words can never hurt me.\" Don't you believe it?Words are powerful,and they can hurt--a lot. In fact,if you're not careful,you can even hurt yourself,by using the wrong word in your writing. Recently a friend sent me a copy of an email she received from the customer service department of her credit card company,after she contacted them with a question about her account. She was happy with their positive response. But as I read the email,one line jumped out at me:\"In lieu of good customer service...\" Did they really mean they were offering her a few extra reward points instead of good customer service?I doubt it. More likely,what the customer service department meant to say was,\"Because good customer service is important to us...\" followed by the details of what they were doing to make sure she remained a happy customer. So why didn't the writer say that?I can only guess that perhaps the writer liked the phrase \"in lieu of\",thought it sounded more interesting than saying \"because\",and so used it--without bothering to check the true meaning. Have you ever done that?Try to impress others with a big word,only to find out you've used the word incorrectly?It's just the opposite effect,isn't it?You may impress people all right,but it's not the impression you were going for. When you write,remember to choose your words carefully. People may still disagree with what you say,but they won't be able to dismiss you because you made careless mistakes in how you said it. \n Answer: To lead to the topic.",
            "output": [
                "What's the writer's purpose in giving the saying?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-080a2ba9af874fc1a8b302c5cf2b3244",
            "input": "Article: It will soon be time to set out to plant tomatoes, an act one performs when the weather has settled. That means warm soil, proper night temperatures and no risk of a sudden reversion to winter. I no longer believe in settled weather. In the current age of climate confusion, a backup plan is always an essential part of a gardener's intention for an ideal tomato harvest. Where tomatoes are concerned, the best crop insurance is to root some extras from cuttings . It can take a couple of months to grow garden-ready tomato plants from seed , but cuttings can be ready to go in a few weeks. Yes, you could pick up some starts at a garden center, but it's hard to find strong ones in good condition. Instead, buy one tomato plant, and turn it into many. Tomatoes root very quickly and easily. All you do is remove a tiny branch about 6 inches tall off the main stem , carefully cut off all but the top two leaves, plant the tiny branch in a pot, and wait.     Roots will emerge along the stem and new growth will soon appear if kept damp, warm and out of direct sunlight. If you have never rooted stem cuttings before, you will have gained not only a tomato crop but also a skill that you can now apply to other plants in your garden, both edible and ornamental . Tomato  s such as peppers and eggplants can be similarly rooted, as can many herbs, especially those in the mint family. \n Answer: Because the weather can be changeable unexpectedly.",
            "output": [
                "Why a backup plan is strongly suggested to guarantee an ideal tomato harvest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-55c82a4f958e48efad55a1f7e34faf28",
            "input": "Article: Pure Yoga  is devoted to serving the yoga community in Asia and beyond,offering a wide variety of classes such as Hatha Yoga,Hot Yoga,Yin Yoga Vinyasa,etc. Our yoga classes are offered and taught by nearly 200 professional yoga teachers. Private Yoga is also available for learners of all levels. Pure Yoga constantly invites world-known teachers to lead guest teacher workshops. Class Booking Class bookings can be made 2 days in advance of the class. It is important that you book your class in advance since some classes are more heavily attended than others. We also limit our class sizes so that they are not overcrowded. If a class you wish to take is full, we will place you on the wait list and inform you of an opening as soon as possible. To create the best experience for yourself and others,please follow these guidelines: No talking The yoga studio is a silent room. Please do not talk while in the studio and studio corridors . No eating Do not eat in the studio. No shoes Remove your shoes before entering the practice rooms. Keep your shoes in your locker  .Shoe lockers are also available for rental. No mobile phones Turn your mobile phones off or to \"vibrate\" mode. Do not take phones into the practice rooms. Personal Belongings Daily lockers are not for overnight use. Locks from any daily lockers that are kept overnight will be cut. \n Answer: professional yoga teacher.",
            "output": [
                "Who will teach general learners yoga?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5993003d657a44dc9b30e48d06b5aa0d",
            "input": "Article: Fire Station No.6 in Livermore,California,houses a celebrity--a 107-year-old light bulb that has been on for over a million hours,earning the title of the\"World's longest continuously burning bulb\"by Ripley's Believe It Or Not!The bulb also holds the Guinness World Record. Nobody knows why this bulb has stayed alive for so many years.Most people believe that it is due to two reasons--it has almost never been turned off and it is really well made.Its perfect seal lets no air in.keeping its carbon filament from burning out. The bulb was first installed at the fire department hose cart house on L Street in 1901.In 1903 it was moved to the new Station 1 on First and McLeod,and survived the renovation of the Firehouse in 1937.when it was off for about a week.The last time the bulb was switched off was in July l976,when it was moved to Fire Station No.6.Thousands of people watched as the electrician tried to re-attach the bulb at its new location.At first nothing happened and people thought the bulb had finally died.However,a slight touch of its switch and then,the bulb came on and has been on since.Nobody at the station dares to touch it,even to clean it. A local reporter first discovered the bulb's significance in 1972.He recommended his readers to go visit it if they ever went to Livermore.All of a sudden thousands of people came to Fire Station No.6 and the bulb became famous. Needless to say,the bulb is now a big source of pride and joy for the city of Livermore.So when some folks offered to buy it,the answer from the city was\"NO!\" \n Answer: Its seal was perfect.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may not be a reason for the bulb to stay alive for so long?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-febe76070a10445eb72dd2ae0d506d1e",
            "input": "Article: Employees are being flooded with too much information that has little to do with their work, according to a new survey. On average, white-collar workers spend 51 percent of their work time receiving and processing information. Only one third of it was relevant to their work, the survey found. Information overload for white collar workers has become a global issue. The huge amount of information has already affected their efficiency in management as well as their performance at work. Buried with e-mails Every morning, a secretary at the human resources department of an auto parts company opens her e-mail box, only to find it crammed with at least 50 unread mails. For her, even scanning through these e-mails every day takes at least half an hour. Some of her colleagues are not so lucky -- they have to read at least 100. Bothered with calls Telephone calls are also causing a problem. More than 40 percent white-collar workers chose mobile phones as the preferred way to communicate important and urgent business matters. Talking saves time and energy over the clicking, reading and replying to e-mails, but phone calls are also more distracting . While answering a call, a clerk is likely to put away a much more important task at hand and start the business being talked about on the phone. Solution? Not yet. Many companies start with providing staff with better computers, better Internet access and more advanced gadgets . For example, staff members above a certain level in one company will be provided with a blackberry phone for easier access to their e-mails. The company has also organized many lectures on efficient ways of e-mail management. Yet most white-collar workers think their companies can do more. \n Answer: Some of them have to read at least 100 e-mails every day.",
            "output": [
                "What does the new survey find about white-collar workers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-96e11d575c094397ba20e17172d85785",
            "input": "Article: Several animal species including gorillas in Rwanda and tigers in Bangladesh could risk extinction if the impact of climate change and extreme weather on their habitats is not addressed, a UN report showed on Sunday. Launched on the sidelines of global climate negotiations in Durban, the report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization shows how higher temperatures, the rise in sea levels, deforestation and excessive land use have damaged the habitats of certain species, especially in Africa. \"Many ecosystems have already been stressed by increasing population, historical and recent deforestation, unsustainable management practices and even invasive   species,\" Eduardo Rojas-Briales, assistant director general at the FAO's forestry department, said at the launch of the report. The most affected areas include mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas, which limit the possibilities for animals to migrate elsewhere and create new habitats. \"The remaining populations become surrounded in very small ecosystems, they have inbreeding   problems ... and at the end these species may disappear,\" he added. Other examples of affected animals included elephants in Mali, lions in the Serengeti and crocodiles in Malawi. The report said an estimated 20-30 percent of plant and animal species will be at higher risk of extinction due to global warming and a significant proportion of native species may become extinct by 2050 as a consequence. Other consequences could include the spread of invasive species and infectious diseases, it said. The report urges more focus on restoration of damaged ecosystems, especially those key to dealing with climate change such as mangroves , inland waters, forests, savannahs  and grasslands. The FAO also called for the creation of migration corridors for animals in areas where their movement was limited. The organization said while more resources were flowing to biodiversity conservation, more action at the government and policy level was needed. It also urged local communities to develop projects that _ the impact of climate change on wildlife, naming eco-tourism activities as an example. \n Answer: They have little chance of moving to other places.",
            "output": [
                "Why are animals living in mountains, islands and coastal areas most affected?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81b8ec6b38ba4a39a34c05b8692f354a",
            "input": "Article: Late last summer, I was introduced to a new special someone. We met at an Apple product announcement. She was helpful, smart, and even funny, talking of jokes and making me laugh. What more could a man ask for? Since then, we have had some major communication issues. She frequently misunderstands what I'm saying. Sometimes she is just unavailable. Often, she responds with the same repetitive statement. Her name is Siri.  At first, Siri, the voice-activated digital assistant on Apple Iphones, seemed a little too good to be true. Siri cheated me into a relationship promising to help me set up appointments, to gently wake me in the morning for work, and to give me the ability to text someone while I was driving.  It didn't work out that way. \"There's something wrong, and I can't answer your questions right now. Please try again in a little while,\" Siri will say when I ask something, or: \"I'm really sorry about this, but I can't take any requests right now. Please try again in a little while.\" She is always polite. But I'm starting to suspect that \"I'm really sorry\" is just something Siri says to shut me up. Apple introduced Siri as a beta test, meaning it was still a work in progress. That was unusual for Apple. It wanted a head start. But it doesn't seem ready to change anything yet. Many people I have spoken to have switched Siri off and turned to the iPhone's voice dictation service, which is more reliable because it doesn't use Siri's artificial intelligence software.  Over time, things have really gone bad between Siri and me. We hardly speak anymore. Although she doesn't know this, I've started seeing someone else. Her name is Google Voice Search (GVS). GVS, available in the latest operating software, is a much better listener. It's  ly smarter. If I ask GVS a question, like, \"Who is Tim Cook?\", it responds with an answer \" He's the chief executive of Apple\". If I ask Siri the same question, the response is: \"I don't see Tim Cook in your contacts.\" \n Answer: He felt quite satisfied with her functions.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel when he first met Siri?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5bcb34104b3b41ff95b63f32c0f7459d",
            "input": "Article: There are some strange and wonderful rules in law books around the world. When you are traveling, it's always best to know before you go. Not only could this keep you out of trouble, but it can also help you get the most out of your holiday. In Victoria, Australia, it's illegal to change a light bulb unless you are a licensed electrician. People who disobey this law could receive a fine of up to AU$10 (PS5.50). In Milan, Italy, citizens are required to smile at all times, except during funerals or hospital visits. In England, it is illegal to die in the Houses of Parliament. This was voted the most ludicrous law in the UK in 2007. A spokesman for the House of Commons said: \"The people who know about these things here say there is no basis for such a law, not to say it does not exist somewhere in writing.\" In Canada, by law, one out of every five songs on the radio must be sung by a Canadian. Flushing the toilet after 10pm is illegal in Switzerland. The Government consider it noise pollution. Running out of petrol is illegal on Germany's autobahn, and so is walking along it. So those who do break down must pull over and use their horn to attract attention. The fine is EUR80 (PS65) for endangering other drivers. 7. In Chicago, it is against the law to eat in a place that's on fire. No matter how good the pizza tastes,  if the restaurant sets on fire - you can't stick around! \n Answer: A driver blows his horn when his car breaks down on a Germany's highway.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, which of the following is legal?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-214d1216e5b148848f804926568b7b4b",
            "input": "Article: Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile  . But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed the world's first automobile. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a car's parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not true, either. Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas and make them better. And he made the whole factory a moving production line. In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Ford's most famous race was his first one. It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself. The race was in 1901, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left: the Winton and Ford's. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people thought the race was over before it began. The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became wellknown all over the United States.Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company. _ was the beginning of Henry Ford's dream. Ford said: \"I will build a motor car for a great number of people. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modern engineering can produce. It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one.\" The Model T was a car of that kind. It only cost $850. It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on. Doctors bought the Model T. So did farmers. Even criminals. They considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation. Americans loved the Model T. They wrote stories and songs about it. Thousands of Model T's were built in the first few years. \n Answer: To draw public attention.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c856115c075e4b49a8063365f30604b5",
            "input": "Article: In the Netherlands,cycling isn't seen as an eco-friendly exercise; it's part of everyday life, as it's people's top choice to school and work. \"There are more bicycles than residents in the Netherlands. In cities like Amsterdam and The Hague, up to 70 percent of all journeys are made by bike,\" said BBC.  So how did cycling become such a popular means of transportation in the European country? In the 1970s, the Dutch government began to improve its cycling infrastructure due to both a social movement demanding safer cycling condition for children and the oil crisis in the Middle East, when oil producing countries stopped their exports to Western Europe. To make cycling safer and more appealing, the Dutch have built the widest cycling network in the world. The country has over 40,000 kilometers of bicycle lanes and paths,which are clearly marked. They have smooth surfaces,separate signs and lights for those on two wheels. The lanes are wide enough to allow side-by-side cycling and passing. In many cities the bike lanes are completely segregated from motorized traffic. And in many traffic situations cyclists are given priority over drivers. Sometimes,where space is limited and both must share, you can see signs showing an image of a cyclist with a car behind accompanied by the words \"Bike Street:Cars are guests\". As young people aren't allowed to drive alone until they are 18, cycling offers Dutch teenagers an alternative form of freedom. The government also makes cycling training lessons a compulsory part of the Dutch school curriculum . Bike parking facilities are everywhere in the country. Cyclists are accommodated in the way motorists are elsewhere. Take Groningen, a city in the northeastern part of the Netherlands, for example. The city's central train station has underground parking for 10,000 bikes. For many Dutch people, bikes are trusty friends for life's adventures. In that kind of relationship it is longevity  that matters--that's why many Dutch people ride older bikes. \n Answer: To describe how cyclists are supported in the Netherlands.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's main purpose in writing the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e581af6b38eb414aa77458f3f0b07ec7",
            "input": "Article: A family living in an apartment house in the suburbs of a large city had a cat of which they were very much fond. One day the cat got sick and finally dies. As there was no back yard to their home in which to bury the cat. Father was forced to wrap the cat up in a newspaper and take it with him, being carefully reminded by Mother to throw the package from the train window when on the way to his work. Father placed his bag upon the package shelf over his seat, but started to have a conversation with a traveler and forgot to throw the bag out of the window. He took the package on to his office, thinking that he would deal with it on his way home that evening. But again he got to talking to someone on the train, forgot about the cat, and still had the package under his arm when he arrived home. His wife scolded him about it and Father promised to take care of the matter the next day. But once more his memory failed him. When for the third time he arrived home still carrying the package, the poor Mother became quite angry. \"You've got to deal with that cat right now,\" she said. \"Put it in the stove right now as the fireman is seldom there at this hour.\" Well, Father decided perhaps he'd better take it to the room and put it in the stove, but as he lifted the bag from a table, it fell open, and to their surprise there was a boiled ham! (2,6) \n Answer: The family except the mother liked the cat very much.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following sentences is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ddb9600d701446959e86ebb40e6c0dbf",
            "input": "Article: A new U.S.government report says more than two million Americans fall ill each year with drug--resistant bacterial infections ,and 23,000 of them are dying as a result.The head of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[CDC]said that the number probably will grow.Officials warn that steps must be taken now to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotic drugs. Without urgent action to stop that trend,warned Tom Frieden whose agency wrote the report,the miracle drugs to fight them won't be available in the future. \"If we are not careful,the medicine chest will be empty when we go there to look for a lifesaving antibiotic for someone with a deadly infection.But if we act now,we can preserve these medications while we continue to work on development of new medicines.\"The report names a drug--resistant abuse of gonorrhea ,which causes about one quarter of a million hospitalizations in the United States annually.Of the number at least 1 4,000 result in death. Drug resistance develops through the overuse and inappropriate use of anti--bacterial agents.These can be:doctors prescribing  them to patients who have viral infections that are not affected by medicine meant to fight bacteria;patients not taking all of their medicine as prescribed,so the bacteria making them sick are only weakened,not killed;antibiotic use in healthy farm animals to prevent illness and promote growth.Antibiotic remainders left in meat and animal products can then lead to drug resistance in humans. To limit the spread of resistant infections,experts recommend wider use of routine immunizations ,as well as hand--washing in hospitals and other health care facilities.Also,the report urges hand--washing by food handlers. Michael Bell,deputy director of the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion at CDC,said Patients also can play a role in preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics by asking health care providers a few simple questions. \n Answer: Preventions of Drug-resistant Bacterial Infections in the US",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-78442cf0d5d0493d91be846b5bc37c96",
            "input": "Article: A new University of Graz study concludes that vegetarians  are more often ill and have a lower quality of living than meat-eaters. According to the German press release, vegetarians \"have cancer and heart attacks more often\". The release also says that they show more psychological disorders than meat eaters. Consequently, the report writes, they are a greater burden on the health care system. According to the press release the scientists evaluated data from the Austrian Health Interview Survey (AT-HIS), which is also part of an important and valuable EU survey (European Health Interview Survey). The scientists examined a total of 1320 persons who were divided up into 4 groups . All groups were comparable with respect to gender, age, and socio-economic status. The study also accounted for smoking and physical activity. Also the BMI was within the normal range for all four groups. The only thing that really was different among the four groups was the diet. The four groups were: vegetarians, meat-eaters with lots of fruit and veggies, little meat-eaters and big meat-eaters. The press release states that the results contradict _ that meat-free diets are healthier. Vegetarians have twice as many allergies as big meat-eaters, and they showed 166% higher cancer rates . Moreover, the scientists found that vegans had a 150% higher rate of heart attacks. In total the scientists looked at 18 different chronic illnesses. Compared to the big meat-eaters, vegetarians were hit harder in 14 of the 18 illnesses. In the analysis, the University of Graz found that vegetarians were also twice as likely to suffer for anxiety or depressions than big meat-eaters. That result was confirmed by the University of Hildesheim, which found that vegetarians suffered significantly more from depressions, anxiety, psychosomatic complaints and eating disorders. The University of Graz scientists also found that vegetarians are impacted more by ilnessses and visit the doctor more frequently. Big meat-eaters were also found to have a \"significantly better quality of life in all categories\", the study found. The four categories examined were: physical and psychological health, social relationships and environment-related life quality. \n Answer: BMI.",
            "output": [
                "What was the difference between the four groups in the experiment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d59d13c3ee8d4472a2de99fbe1efdba5",
            "input": "Article: The Maldives faces the threat of extinction from rising sea levels, but the government said it was looking to the future with plans to build homes and a golf course that float. An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldives-a nation of tiny coral islands in the Indian Ocean-virtually by 2100,  the UN's climate change panel  has warned. President Mohamed Nasheed has vowed a fight for survival, and he signed a deal with a Dutch company to study proposals for a floating structure that could support a convention center, homes and an 18-hole golf course. The company , Dutch Docklands, is currently building floating developments in the Netherlands and Dubai. The Maldives began work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there to ease congestion. The city, which has a population of 100,000, is already protected from rising sea levels by a 30-million-dollar sea wall, and the government is considering increasingly imaginative ways to combat  climate change. Nasheed has even spoken of buying land elsewhere in the world to enable Maldivians to relocate if their homes are submerged.   He has also pledged to turn his nation into a model for the rest of the world by becoming \"carbon neutral  \" by 2020. His plan involves ending fossil fuel use and powering all vehicles and buildings from \"green\" sources such as burning coconut husks. \n Answer: It is located in the Pacific Ocean.",
            "output": [
                "What do you know about Maldives?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fabbea1795d94adcb028ab1926f72551",
            "input": "Article: A man walks into a doctor's office. He has a cucumber up his nose, a carrot in his left ear and a banana in his right ear. \"What's the matter with me?\" he asks the doctor. The doctor replies, \"You're not eating properly.\" This is a popular joke among British schoolchildren. It reflects Britain's famous _ and satirical way of seeing the funny side of life. This unique sense of humor is often cited as one of Britain's defining national characteristics. \"The famous British sense of humor has long been our most cherished national characteristic,\" says the British journalist Leo Mckinstry. \"We have valued it above historic military victories and great works of literature, above our rich scenic landscape and our talent for invention.\" The British sense of humor differs from other countries because it is generally more negative. When it comes to making the British laugh, there is nothing more effective than a socially inappropriate joke. Popular British comedy shows such as Fawlty Towers, Blackadder and The office are full of sarcasm , teasing and self-deprecation . It reflects the culture where mocking, moaning and ridicule is part of everyday life. While most Britons don't take these jokes too seriously, foreigners are often puzzled by them. A recent survey found that most foreigners who visited Britain found that the British are \"arrogant, unfriendly and have almost no sense of humor\". Do foreigners not understand British humor or are the British just not as funny as they think they are? Mckinstry certainly thinks the British are funny. \"Accusing the British of having no sense of humor is like telling Rolls-Royce that its cars are down-market.\" he says. \n Answer: You eat with the wrong cutlery",
            "output": [
                "What does the doctor actually mean by the remark, \"You're not eating properly\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c2bcf139e3bf4bc8b0ce15292d35492b",
            "input": "Article: It was such an extremely freezing day that I decided to get a cup of hot drinking first after work. As my colleague, Ricky, and I were making our way to a coffee shop, I noticed an old gentleman rather poorly dressed sitting on a bench nearby. Obviously he was frozen, seemingly one of the homeless or someone like that. We joined the line and waited to be served. Ricky handed the server a twenty-dollar bill, ordered three cups of hot coffee, and gestured the sever to give one to the old gentleman outside on the bench as a favour. The server looked at Ricky, a little _ , without full comprehension of the request. Afterwards, there was a wonderful exchange between the server and the old man in need of some attention. I only wished I had taken a photo of the smiles on the both faces. As I was thinking about this event later on, I wondered to myself why Ricky didn't perform this act of kindness himself. I suspect that deep down in his heart he was hoping that this act of kindness might inspire others to do something for this old man as well. Absolutely beautiful! There are many ways of thinking when we met someone as the old man in need of kindness and attention. Perhaps he needs a little helping hand and thanks God for my colleague who inspired the others to goodness as well. Oh, by the way, the last words Ricky told the server was, \"There go I, but for the Grace of God.\" \n Answer: He needed some kind of human care.",
            "output": [
                "What was the author's impression of the old gentleman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3085608e6388435591626f82b6243d5b",
            "input": "Article: A cute invention was revealed this month at the International Robot Exhibition (IREX) in Tokyo. It's called Jukusui-Kun (\"deep sleep\" in Japanese) ---a robotic pillow in the shape of a polar bear. The pillow is in fact a serious technological innovation hidden under a cute cover. It was developed by a group of scientists and engineers at Tokyo's Waseda University to help people suffering from snoring   and those who live with them. This is how the robotic pillow works: a microphone detects the noise level of the snoring, and if the snoring becomes very loud, which can be the sign of sleep apnea  , the bear will raise its hand and carefully touch the face of the sleeper, leading to a change in the sleeper's position without waking him or her up. This is definitely the world's first anti-snoring machine and an important potential treatment for sleep apnea. This sleeping disorder involves pauses in breathing, and can lead to heart attacks during sleep. In Japan, around 2 million people are struggling with the problem. When a sleeper starts snoring, the sleeper's blood oxygen level drops. The new device tracks   the level of oxygen in the sleeper's blood and wirelessly sends the information to the polar bear. But the only problem is that people not only have to sleep on a bear-shaped pillow with robotic hands, but also have to insert  their hands into a monitor that keeps track of blood oxygen levels. If these levels fall below a certain point, it gives the bear another cue   to lift its hand. The bear is not yet on sale, and it remains to be seen whether a robotic hand reaching up to touch one's face is any more effective than one's partner giving one a good shove  . \n Answer: With this device, the sleeper's hands can't move freely while sleeping.",
            "output": [
                "What do we learn from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-301901cdd19b44bfad96aa6515ae5bce",
            "input": "Article: The hole in the Earth's ozone layer   has until now protected Antarctica from the worst effects of global warming. But scientists have warned that as the hole closes up in the next few decades, temperatures on the continent could rise by around 3oC on average, with melting ice contributing to a global sea level increase of up to 1.4 metres. In the past decades the western Antarctic has seen rapid ice loss as the world has warmed, but the other parts of the continent have, _ , been cooling, resulting in a 10% increase in ice in the seas around the region. This is because the hole in the ozone layer has increased cold winds in Antarctica, making much of the continent surface colder than usual. But now that the gasses that cause the ozone hole have been banned, scientists expect the hole to repair itself within the next 50 to 60 years. By then the cooling effect will have faded out and the Antarctic will face the full impact of global warming. This means an increase in average air temperatures of around 3OC and a reduction in sea ice by around a third. The biggest threat to the continent comes from warming seas. Robert Johnson, a scientist who monitors Antarctica ice sheets, said, \"The ice sheets in Antarctica are hundreds of metres thick. But once warm ocean waters start flowing underneath, the ice will begin thinning and could break up very quickly. \"Thinning ice sheets cause ice to break away from the continent and to melt even faster. Escaping ice from western Antarctica has already resulted in a 10% rise in global sea level in recent decades. Johnson believes that international action to reduce global warming is required immediately or it may be too late. \"Everything is connected - Antarctica may be a long way away but it is an important part of the Earth's system,\" said Johnson. \"It contains 90% of the world's ice, 70% of the world's fresh water and that is enough, if it melts completely, to raise sea levels by 63 metres.\" Even in a worse-case situation scientists don't expect the ice to entirely disappear, but predict that, because of the melting ice sheets, average sea level rise will be around 1.4 metres higher by the end of the century. \n Answer: It is making much of the continent colder.",
            "output": [
                "What is the effect of the hole in the ozone layer on Antarctica?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c7b82aeff58b4451844c953f5124729c",
            "input": "Article: During my travels through the mountains of Greece I was only ever scared once.It was dusk and as I walked alone I came across six large wolves that were feeding on the body of a dead animal.I had heard many stories about wolves as a child and it was this animal that I feared more than any other.The wolves before me were huge,at least 6 feet long and covered with thick grey fur. As I approached,the wolves left the blood-covered snow that surrounded the body and started walking towards me,one after another.They stopped about 20 metres from me and stared.The lead wolf raised his head into the air and took in a deep breath,as if he was smelling my presence.The animals looked both beautiful and terrifying,but I knew I could not show them my fear.As I drew nearer the lead wolf raised its head once more but this time let out a loud howl.The awful cry rang out across the silent valley.A more frightening sound I had never heard.I was almost certain it signalled death. Every moment I expected to see the pack dash at me.I knew my only hope was to pretend I had no fear.I walked past the line of wolves,like a general moving among his soldiers.They howled out again.But when they saw that their war-cry did not cause me to change my direction or make me run they feared to come after me;so they let me pass and returned to the dead animal. Had I turned back or tried to run away when they marched out to meet me I am certain the whole pack would have attacked me in a moment.But my show of false courage intimidated them and kept them back. \n Answer: The man showed no fear as he passed them by.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the wolves attack the man?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-30e245af094940da845ff35bb802b69f",
            "input": "Article: I clearly remember the day when my little brother was born: January 1, 1994. One of my favorite family photos shows me lying with my mother in the hospital bed, happy but un-aware of the small, sleeping baby in the background. I stayed with my grandparents for the weekend of my brother's birth, excited about my new brother but not yet aware of what having a little brother would mean. I didn't truly realize what was going on until we were in the hospital room at Duke University---- coincidentally  , the same room in which I had been born two years earlier. When I looked at my brother for the first time, I felt a mixture of fear and interest. Little did know that small, pink creature would grow up to be one of my favorite people in the world. In reality, though I am two years older than my brother, I am more often than not the real baby in the family. I am very lacking when it comes to common sense. Instructions constantly confuse me and I frequently find myself totally puzzled by things like knowing how to start the washing machine or manage the storage settings on my iPhone. That's where Gibson comes in. The poor kid has had to guide me through more tasks than I would care to admit, but he never complains. Though I should probably be told to figure it out myself, he always comes through. I'm envious of his ability to readily answer the ever-present, \"What do you want to do with your life?\" question at family gatherings. \"Be a doctor,\" he says----a solid answer, completely opposite to my shaky one, \"Well, I'm an English major, so...\" My brother truly is my best friend. No one understands me better, and there isn't anyone else I would want to be stuck with in our family. I may not have a clear idea of where I'm headed, but he is stuck with me. \n Answer: Happy and interested.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel when he saw his brother for the first time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ca34d1e13c384b8a80b8294b78a46e92",
            "input": "Article: The Enzian Art House in Florida was showing movies in the park. One evening, a few weeks before Christmas, they showed The Christmas Storyand had a raffle  with a girl's bike as the prize. It was attractive with color1ed streamers , flowers' butterflies, a fascinating bell, all designed to delight a five-year-old girl. But I, who was fifty, won it! This led to a bit of a puzzle as 1 didn't have kids or grandchildren to give it to. I wanted the bike to go to someone who didn't have the opportunity to own such a wonderful thing. I contacted the shelter (where I occasionally volunteered in the kitchen) and while there was a big need for a sweet bike, there was also the potential for it to create conflict. I sought else where until I found out about a couple in our church who had been going through hard times in their marriage because of drugs and alcohol. They walked to our church (they didn't have a car) from a parking lot a mile away and they had a sweet little five-year-old daughter. On Christmas Eve I went to their parking lot. They had already left on foot to go to the candle lighting service. Their landlord was on the parking lot and when he heard that 1 wanted to leave the bike anonymously   he offered to open up their trailer  .There I saw a lone tree, so I put the bike behind it. It was a great moment for me and, I hope, a little bit of Christmas magic for the family and that little girl. \n Answer: He didn't have kids about five years old to offer the bike to.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the author puzzled when he got the prize?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dac98e29202341999a564561f529f811",
            "input": "Article: I want to tell you the story of one of my old friends called Bob. His teachers called him A Troublemaker. They also said that he had no future and no hope. But now he owns a small second-hand bookstore store which makes him enough money to live on and also to support his mother. He told me that after he finished grade nine, he went to study at a technical college. He was a pretty bad student so he became one of the gang   leaders there. Many of them got caught many times for fighting. It looked like nothing could change his life. That was until one sad day when his father died. That changed everything. After his father died, his mother had to work very hard to make enough money to support the family. He told me that he really pitied his mum after his dad died. He felt that he needed to earn some money rather than let his mum work alone. He loved reading cartoon  books and had been collecting them for years. As his family was short of money, he decided that he should sell them. He did this by the side of the road where his mother was selling food. Soon he realized that his books were very popular. So he decided to set up his own business. He started his business by going around buying cartoon books from other people. He bought them for 25% and then sold them for half price. He could make enough money to help support the family. He was a troublemaker to his teachers but he is a hero to me. If you are judged as a bad student or as someone being stupid, I suggest you pay no attention to what they say. Just do your best in everything. Don't give up so easily. Believe in yourself. If you think that you can do it, then you can. Believe me, one day you could be more successful than those persons who looked down upon you. \n Answer: People can be successful after they lose a family member.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author want to tell the readers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5f9bb30c2c094aa2b4a810a69219fd8b",
            "input": "Article: The English proficiency of Chinese women is much better than that of men, according to a study released in Shanghai yesterday, Chinese women scored three points higher than men in the English Proficiency Index  released by EF Education, a language training company, mainly English. Worldside, women scored one point higher than men on average. \"This shows that Chinese women are more used to the Chinese education mode, the report said. Chinese women use their gift of language to gain success.\" However, Chinese mainlanders English proficiency ranked second to last in Asia, despite the great time and effort that many people invest in learning the language, the report said, China's mainland is ranked the 36th in the index of 54 countries and regions where English is not the native language. That's down by seven places comparing with that last year. The Chinese mainland belongs to the low-proficiency tier  and is ranked just above Thailand in Asia. This year's index has increased the weight of listening tests, while decreasing the importance of grammar and vocabulary exams, which partly caused the ranking change, researchers said. Moreover, test-oriented  and rote-based learning methods often used in China hurt the language skills of Chinese students, education experts said. The study compared test scores of more than 1.7 million adults in the 54 countries and regions. Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands have the best command of English, while Libya has the lowest English proficiency level. European countries generally performed well. But Italy, Spain and Portugal, some of the countries at the heart of the euro zone crisis, are being dragged down by poor English, according to the report. Singapore is 12th, the best in Asia, followed by Malaysia and India, South Korea; at 21st, and Japan, at 22nd, performed disappointingly low despite their focus on education; the report said. One in every four people frequently uses English at work on China's mainland, nevertheless nearly 15 percent said they never use English, lower than the world average level, according to the study.[:Z,xx,k.Com] \n Answer: It is an organization studying human.",
            "output": [
                "What is EF Education?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-baf8773c059644978550f4b916a7e607",
            "input": "Article: Visiting London can be an expensive trip, so establishing a budget and finding bargains when you arrive will help you get around London on the cheap. The following steps can help you find cheaper alternatives for transport for your London trip. l Familiarize yourself with the city's boroughs and specifically the area where you will be staying. You can use a street map, or an online map search engine, to establish where in the city you will be staying and the distance you are from the major tourist attractions you want to visit. l Find a local provider of Transport for London tickets or travel cards, since your first bargain purchase will be an Oyster Card. Traveling around London with an Oyster Card will give you access to the cheapest option of transportation methods and the Oyster Card is accepted citywide on buses, boats and the London Underground, known by the locals as \"the tube\". l Seek out your nearest Tube Station. The Tube is the cheapest and most reliable form of transportation and runs from around 6 a.m. until around 1 a.m. ..., depending on the line or the station. There are 287 tube stations in London that accept the Oyster Card, with a high concentration in central London. If you are staying anywhere in central London, there will be a tube station less than 10 minutes away. The Transport for London website offers a tube station search facility to find the nearest subway station to any location in the city. When you find a tube station, you can easily locate the closest bus stop by using the comparison bus-tube maps at the station's entrance. l Follow the Transport for London Tube Guide to your destinations and always plan ahead. Making a plan for transport will save you unnecessary expenses, wasted trips on the tube and doubling back on your journey . \n Answer: To offer tips for saving transport costs in London.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-52f1e85b954242d8b2dea0a9ba602e94",
            "input": "Article: Meagan and her friend Samantha, both students, lived together in Denver. On mornings when Samantha had class, Meagan would watch her 2-year-old daughter, Hannah. Also part of the household was Meagan's pet, Willie, a parrot -- a particularly intelligent and chatty breed. He picked up quite a healthy vocabulary (\"Silly Willie\"was a favorite saying) and became a great mimic  -- of cats, dogs, chickens and humans. One day with Samantha at school, Hannah sat in front of morning cartoons while Meagan cooked Pop-Tarts in the kitchen. When the toaster spat out the food, Meagan placed it at the center of the kitchen table to cool. She glanced at Hannah and, confident the child was fully engaged in the TV, slipped out quickly to use the bathroom. \"I was gone maybe 30 seconds,\"Meagan recalls.\"And suddenly, I heard the bird going crazy and shouting.\"She heard two very distinct words from the parrot's mouth.\"Mama! Baby! Mama! Baby!\"Meagan ran out of the bathroom to find Hannah in the kitchen, holding the partly eaten Pop-Tarts, out of breath, her face and lips a terrifying shade of blue. And Willie was still crying. \"Hannah had climbed up on a chair and gotten the Pop-Tarts and she was clearly choking on them,\"says Meagan.\"I seized her and immediately started doing first aid until the piece came flying out.\"The bird quieted down and Meagan burst into tears, relief washing over her; Hannah was fine, already smiling her big smile. When Meagan told Samantha what happened,\"She was so grateful, thanking me for what I did,\"Meagan says.\"But I said, 'Don't thank me! It was Willie who was the hero!'\" \n Answer: To climb up on a chair.",
            "output": [
                "What had Meagan expected Hannah to do while she was away?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f35b1cedd55483baa156e8e94e5217d",
            "input": "Article: There's always a lot to do to get the kids ready to go back to school, let alone trying to get them excited about the idea. To help your kids get ready, save a few dollars in the process and have some fun with them in the dying days of summer, try a few of these fun filled activities. ********************************************************************************* UP-CYCLING Every student needs school supplies. But a lot of what they need is already littering around your house. If you don't have reusable school supplies at home, you might have the materials to make them. Try up-cycling with your kids and change old or useless products into new ones. Here are a few ideas to get you started: *Sew blue jeans into pencil cases. *Turn shoeboxes into arts storage boxes. *Use an old belt as a books belt. *Wrap book covers in old posters. Up-cycling is a great way to develop artistic talent and creative thinking in your children. ********************************************************************************* PLAN TO PACK AHEAD Most teachers and schools reward green behavior among students. To help your kids stay green, be sure to have these items on hand so you can pack them litter-less lunches. Here's what you need: *Reusable lunch containers. *A firm lunchbox and thermos . *Reusable napkins . ********************************************************************************* MAP IT OUT Across the country, kids are thinking about how they'll get to school. Do I walk? Do I bike? Either way, avoid driving them if at all possible. Kids need to stay active and want to connect with other local kids on the way to school. Help your children map out their route or get them involved with a local walking school bus. A walking school bus is groups of children walking to school with one or more adults. ********************************************************************************* We hope these activities will help you and your kids get ready for the new school year, and that you'll have some fun in the process. Last but not least, some activities may require encouragements ... may we suggest some organic chocolate ice cream. \n Answer: Having fun and saving green.",
            "output": [
                "What do the suggested activities have in common?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-91dfafcb1f72472d899e59ac57438979",
            "input": "Article: Abuse can be defined as \"to treat wrongfully or harmfully\". There are different categories of abuse that have been recognized and within our case study there appear to be two distinct forms of abuse, family abuse and child abuse. These can be subdivided into terms of physical abuse and psychological abuse. Physical abuse is the intentional physical injury or harm or deliberately not preventing harm occurring. The minimum physical signs seen in our study of James are _ but they might feel more painful to his heart than the more serious invisible injuries. Emotional abuse is the continual failure to meet basic emotional needs. Emotional development is prevented and well-being harmed. The emotional signs in our case study can be seen in James by his actions of being withdrawn and non-communicative. The behavioural sign to abuse taking place to James is his aggressive behaviour. The short term effect of physical abuse on James is physical pain. In the long term, injuries that often happen can result in secondary illness and complications, permanent scars or even disabilities. His emotional effects in the short term are a fear of people, withdrawal, and poor relationship with others. The long term emotional effects could be low self-respect, depression, inability to form relationships. Abuse can arise for many reasons and there are a number of theoretical views which may be useful in clarifying why the abuse has taken place. The female view believes that sex and family roles give approval to a culture of abuse. Considering the historical and fixed ideas, men have power and control. In James' case he lives in a re-constructed family with the father being rude and a heavy drinker. From a psychological angle, alcohol misuse can bring mental health problems which may increase aggression in the person and so James is more at risk from abuse by his stepfather. The relationship between the mother and James involves a dependency of James on his mother. With other problems in James' mother's life, this leads to increasing stress and the inability of his mother to cope with and manage a family with four children borne by two mothers. The attachment theory states that significant separations of a child from the carer in the early years can have an effect on their emotional development and can lead to psychological and social difficulties in later life. The loss of both his father and his half sister's father with whom he lives may have contributed to his behaviour. Abusive behaviour can sometimes be the result of mental health problems, brain damage or being abused themselves. By becoming the abuser they believe they are taking control; some even believe that they are not doing anything wrong and cannot stop themselves. When working with individuals who have abused, it is important to be aware that they may go on to abuse again and there is a need to protect the community from the abuser. \n Answer: A husband is angry with his wife when she stays out late into the night.",
            "output": [
                "According to the writer's case study, which of the following cases can be defined as abuse?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1e0f98e8bc024630b008457b63c691f5",
            "input": "Article: Earlier this week, I wrapped up   a 5-day trip in San Francisco. I woke up a few hours before sunrise, drove through the darkness and out of the city, hiked for 30 minutes to the top of a hill overlooking the Golden Gate Bridge, and snapped  this photo. As I stood there soaking in the early morning light, I was reminded of an important lesson. When I arrived in San Francisco, I told myself, \"Just take photos as you do other things.\" My primary goal was to meet with friends and so I figured I could take pictures as we walked around the city. This resulted in exactly zero photos worth sharing. I had vague ideas like, \"I'd like to do some street photography,\" but I never went out with the intent of photographing something specific. Finally, on the last morning, I went out with the intent of capturing a specific picture and I ended up with something worth sharing. My mistake was that I assumed that because I wanted to take photos, I would end up getting a desirable result. How often do you do this in your own life? We go to the gym to \"work out\" without trying to become better at something specific. We wish that we were more creative, but never work on a particular project. When you commit to a task, however, then the next step is obvious. You want to take a picture of the Golden Gate Bridge at sunrise? Next step: find a good spot. You've found a good spot? Next step: wake up early and drive there. This is perhaps the most shocking thing: if box yourself in, then you'll begin to break out and achieve something greater than you ever imagined. \n Answer: To enjoy sunrise.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's original purpose of the trip?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-db8e1e0ffe554f13a1f620b5716f6d95",
            "input": "Article: Now came great news! It came from a neighboring state, where the family's only surviving relative lived. It was Sally's relative -- a distant relative by the name of Tilbury Foster, seventy and single. Tilbury now wrote to Sally, saying he should shortly die, and should leave him thirty thousand dollars, cash; not for love, but because money had given him most of his troubles, and he wished to place it where there was good hope that it would continue its evil work. The _ would be found in his will, and would be officially handed over provided that Sally should be able to prove to the executors  . As soon as Aleck had partially recovered from the strong emotions created by the letter, she sent someone to the relative's home and subscribed for the local paper. For the rest of the day Sally made confusion with his books, and Aleck could not keep her mind on her affairs, not even take up a flower-pot or book or a stick of wood without forgetting what she had intended to do with it. For both were dreaming. \"Thirty thousand dollars!\" All day long Aleck was absorbed in planning how to invest it, Sally in planning how to spend it. There was no romance-reading that night. The children took themselves away early, for their parents were silent, disturbed, and strangely unentertaining. Two pencils had been busy during that hour -- note-making; in the way of plans. It was Sally who broke the stillness at last. He said, with excitement, \"Ah, it'll be grand, Aleck! Out of the first thousand we'll have a horse and a buggy for summer, and a cutter and a skin lap-robe for winter.\" Aleck responded with decision and calmness. \"You can spend a part of it. But the whole of the capital must be put right to work. \"Why, yes. Yes, of course. Have you got it invested yet?\" \"No, there's no hurry about that; I must look around first, and think, er..., I've turned it over twice; once in oil and once in wheat.\" \"Why, Aleck, it's splendid! What does it amount to?\" \"I think -- well, to be on the safe side, about a hundred and eighty thousand clear, though it will probably be more.\" \"My! Isn't it wonderful? Good heaven! Luck has come our way at last, Aleck!\" Then they went up to bed, but they left the candle burning in the sitting room. They did not remember until they were undressed; then Sally was for letting it burn; he said they could afford it, if it was a thousand. But Aleck went down and put it out. A good job, too; for on her way back she hit on a scheme that would turn the hundred and eighty thousand into half a million before it had had time to get cold. \n Answer: Because Sally and his wife are good at investing.",
            "output": [
                "Why would Tilbury like to give all his money to Sally?[:Zxxk.Com]"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c9952f7befe4df3b1d6fabdd4362ac6",
            "input": "Article: Researchers around the world have been trying their hand at making better use of the huge amount of wind energy available in nature to produce clean energy. Apart from this, studies are being carried out to harness  usable wind energy produced by man-made technologies. One useful source identified by Indian inventor Santosh Pradhan about two years ago is a speeding train, which produces fierce wind that can be transformed into electricity. According to Pradhan's proposal, with a few small improvements in existing trains running in Mumbai, the largest city in India, at least 10,000 megawatts  of electricity could be harvested each day. Building on this principle, designers Ale Leonetti Luparinia and Qian Jiang from Yanko Design have created a device  called T-Box that harnesses wind energy from speeding trains. T-Box can be placed within the railway tracks. It is half-buried underground between the concrete sleepers , which does not disturb the normal train operating at all. According to Yanko, around 150 T-Boxes can be fitted along a 1,000-meter railway track. A train running at a speed of 200 kph can produce winds blowing at 15 miles a second. Based on this calculation, 150 T-Boxes can produce 2.6 KWH of electricity per day. The T-Box's design won a silver medal in last year's Lite-On Awards and was exhibited last summer at the Xue Xue Institute in Taipei, Taiwan Province. Though the figures look impressive, it is important to remember that the design is still at a conceptual stage and hasn't taken into account issues such as pieces of waste material produced by the device and the efforts and costs involved in the maintenance  of the device. We can expect the technology to see the light of the day only after it clears these issues. If so, rail travel, one of the greenest forms of travel, will become greener and more energy-efficient. \n Answer: It is based on Pradhan's idea.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about T-Box?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a0dba6260a094b81ade36234f18ca88f",
            "input": "Article: It's flu season.  What are you doing about it? David Oreck, Founder  My Oreck Air Purifier captures and destroys viruses, bacteria and germs.  2005 ORECK HOLDINGS,LLC. All Rights Reserved. All word marks, logos, product configurations and registered trademarks are owned and used under the authority of Oreck Holdings, LLC. For the very young and the very old and virtually everyone in between, the flu is nothing to sneeze at. So here's what you can do. Check with your doctor to see if a flu shot is right for you. Wash your hands frequently. Maintain a healthy diet and regimen of exercise. And because you're spending most of your time indoors, it makes sense that the air in your home is as fresh, clean and pure as it can be.  My Oreck XL(tm) Professional Air Purifier captures and destroys viruses, bacteria and germs. It removes mold spores, pollen, pet dander, household odors and other airborne particulates as small as 0.1 microns. (The flu virus measures 0.3 microns.) The Oreck Professional Air Purifier uses the same advanced technology as the prefix = st1 /U.S.submarine fleet where mariners are submerged for up to six months at a time. Because the permanent electronic filter never needs replacing, you can rinse it off as often as you like and it's as good as new. My Oreck Professional Air Purifier will literally pay for itself in what you pay for costly HEPA replacement filters that other manufacturers require. Besides HEPA filters don't destroy germs. They can only capture and hold them. So this flu season, take the Oreck Challenge and try my Oreck Professional Air Purifier risk-free for three full months. Then decide. CALL NOW AND RECEIVE A $100 GIFT-FREE.  Just for trying an Oreck Air Purifier risk-free for 90 days, we'll send you our $100 Oreck Cord-Free Electric Broom  ly free. It's a floor vac and a hand vac in one. If you don't feel the difference simply send the Air Purifier back--but keep the Electric Broom--there's no obligation. The shipping is free. Call 1-800-522-5961 ext. CR589 or visit www. oreck. com/decairNothing gets by an Oreck. \n Answer: To persuade reader to buy his Air purifier.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's purpose of writing this article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f78098380734914883fc7bd32424816",
            "input": "Article: If you know the following fact, you'll understand why many people suffer from foot problems. The average person walks the equivalent of three times around the Earth in a lifetime. That is enormous wear and tear on the 26 bones, 33 joints and more than 100 muscles that make up the foot. In a recent survey for the American Podiatric Medical Association, 53 percent of respondents reported foot pain so severe that it affected their daily function. On average, people develop pain in their 60s, but it can start as early as the 20s and 30s. And usually women give care to their feet while men don't.  \"A lot of people think foot pain is part of the aging process and accept it, and walk with pain,\" said Dr Andrew Shapiro. Though some foot problems are inevitable, their progress can be slowed.  The following questions will help you assess whether you should take more preventive action as you age. Do you have flat feet or high arches ? Either puts feet at risk. Shoes that support the arch and heel can help flat feet. People with high arches should look for roomy shoes and softer padding  to absorb the shock. Proper exercises also strengthen muscles, supporting the foot.  Do your shoes fit? In the survey, more than 34 percent of men said they could not remember the last time their feet were measured. 20 percent of women said that once a week they wore shoes that hurt, and 8 percent wore painful shoes daily. Feet flatten and lengthen with age, so if you still stick to the shoe size you wore at the age of 21, get your feet measured.  Do you walk? Putting more mileage  on your feet is the best way to exercise the muscles and keep them healthy. \n Answer: 53% of people develop foot pain in their 60s.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-199ad03bd6e547aa973b2819b6b02dd6",
            "input": "Article: People around the world are superstitious about numbers; even those ancient Greeks believed that all numbers and their multiples had some mystical significance. Those numbers between 1 and 13 were in particular to have a powerful influence over the affairs of men. For example, _ . The arrival of a letter will be followed by two others within a certain period. Another belief involving the number three has it that it is unlucky to light three cigarettes from the one match. If this happens, the bad luck that goes with the deed falls upon the person whose cigarette was the last to be lit. The ill-men linked to the lighting of three things from one match or candle goes back to at least the 17th century and probably earlier. It was believed that three candles alight at the same time would be sure to bring bad luck; one, two, or four, were permissible, but never just three. Seven was another significant number, usually regarded as a bringer of good luck. The ancient astrologers believed that the universe was governed by seven planets; students of Shakespeare will recall that the life of man was divided into seven ages. Seven horseshoes nailed to a house will protect it from all evil. Nine is usually thought of as a lucky number because it is the product of three times three. It was much used by the Anglo Saxons in their charms for healing. Another belief was that great changes occurred every 7th and 9th of a man's life. Consequently, the age of 63 (the product of nine and seven) was thought to be a very _ time for him. If he survived his 63rd year he might hope to live to a ripe old age. Thirteen, as we well know, is regarded with great awe and fear. The common belief is that this derives from the fact that there were 13 people at Christ's Last Supper. This being the eve of his betrayal, it is not difficult to understand the significance given to the number by the early Christians. In more modern times 13 is an especially unlucky number of a dinner party, for example. Hotels will avoid numbering a floor the 13th; the progression is from 12 to 14, and no room is given the number 13. Many home owners will use 12 1/2 instead of 13 as their house number. Yet oddly enough, to be born on the 13th of the month is not regarded with any fear at all, which just shows how irrational we are in our superstitious beliefs. \n Answer: 7 and 9.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following groups of numbers will certainly bring good luck to people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cb45ca5cf20e4c4eb18f66a45c985f18",
            "input": "Article: Dogs may not know exactly what you are doing especially when you're trying to figure out a square root or diagram a sentence. But according to a new study, dogs can understand what we're thinking and feeling by reading our facial expressions and body language and following our eyes. Researchers studied 29 dogs. The dogs were shown a movie where a woman looked directly at them and said \"Hi dog!\" Then, the woman looked at a flowerpot sitting next to her. The researchers found that when the woman looked at and spoke directly to a dog, the dog usually followed her eyes to the flowerpot. It proved that the dogs knew that the woman was thinking about the flowerpot. \"By following the eye movements of dogs, we were able to get a first-hand look at how their minds are actually working,\" said Jozsef, the senior researcher. Later in the movie, the woman said \"Hi dogs\" in a low voice and didn't look at the dog before looking at the flowerpot. In that situation, the dogs didn't seem to understand what the woman was thinking. There was no eye contact, and the woman didn't appear to speak to the dogs directly. That comes as no surprise to dog trainer Jones. \"Dogs normally speak through nonverbal signals. It's more natural to them,\" she said. \"If you've ever watched dogs at a dog park, you've seen it. Within 30 seconds they enter the park, much information has passed between the new dog and the ones already in the park. They're exchanging looks, observing eyes and body posture. On the other hand, when you speak to a dog, they are learning a foreign language.\" Picking up your nonverbal signals seems more natural. So, if you were hoping that all this means your dog could help you solve your math problems, you're probably out of luck. But he or she might a lot more what you're thinking than you previously thought. \n Answer: By reading their eye movements.",
            "output": [
                "How could the researchers find that the dogs understood the woman's intention?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5fbd82279dbf4ee3b7c85c4e0cd63c00",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever considered all the English expressions that include words about clothes? Let's have a look. People wear pants to cover the lower part of their bodies.We sometimes say that people who are nervous have ants in their pants.Sometimes,people may get caught with their pants down.They are found doing something they should not be doing.And,in every family,one person takes contro1.Sometimes a wife tells her husband what to do.Then we say she wears the pants in the family. Pants usually have pockets to hold things.Money that is likely to be spent quickly can bum a hole in your pocket.Sometimes you need a belt to hold up your pants.If you have less money than usual,you may have to tighten your belt. I always praise people who can save their money and not spend too much. l really take my hat off to them. Yet, when it comes to my own money, I spend it at the drop of a hat, which means I immediately spend it. Boots are a heavy or strong kind of shoes. People who are too big for their boots think they are more important than they really are. I dislike such people. My father is an important person. He runs a big company. He wears a suit and tie, and a shirt with sleeves that cover his arms. Some people who do not know him will think he is too serious and never shows his feelings openly. But I know that my father wears his heart on his sleeve. \n Answer: Some expressions related to clothes.",
            "output": [
                "What is this passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f0aa27183ccb48fbb723c494a1808d96",
            "input": "Article: Dear XXX,  As we drove off from Columbia, I wanted to write a letter to you to tell you all that is on my mind. First, I want to tell you how proud we are. You have become a talented and accomplished young woman. You should be as proud of yourself as we are. College will be the most important years in your life. It is in college that you will truly discover what learning is about. You often question \"what good is this course\". I encourage you to be inquisitive  , but I also want to tell you: \"Education is what you have left after all that is taught is forgotten.\" What I mean by that is -- the material taught isn't as important as you gaining the ability to learn a new subject, and the ability to analyze a new problem.  Do your best in classes, but don't let pressure get to you. If you graduate and learn something in your four years, we would feel happy. Your Columbia degree will take you far, even if you don't graduate with honors. So please don't give yourself pressure. The only thing that matters is that you learned. The only measurement you should use is that you tried.  Most importantly, make friends and be happy. College friends are often the best in life, because during college you are closer to them physically than to your family. Also, going through independence and adulthood is a natural bonding   experience. Pick a few friends and become really close to them -- pick the ones who are genuine and sincere to you. Don't worry about their hobbies, grades, looks, or even personalities. If you think you like someone, tell her. You have very little to lose. People are not perfect, so as long as they are genuine and sincere, trust them and be good to them. They will give back. This is my secret of success -- that I am genuine with people and trust them (unless they do something to lose my trust).  College is the four years where you have:   *the greatest amount of free time   *the first chance to be independentk%s5$u   *the most flexibility to change   *the lowest risk for making mistakes So please treasure your college years - make the best of your free time, become an independent thinker in control of your destiny. May Columbia become the happiest four years in your life, and may you blossom into just what you dream to be.                                                                    Love,                                                                    XXX \n Answer: A parent and his or her daughter.",
            "output": [
                "What is the most probable relationship between the writer and the receiver of the letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3c04e5131e834287ac4b260f8cd2b2a3",
            "input": "Article: When buying from a dealer, the law says that a car must be: As described: This includes the history of the car as well as its specification.For example, if the dealer described the car as previously having \"one careful lady owner\", it shouldn't turn out to have had several previous \"boy racer\" owners. Of satisfactory quality: It must meet the standard that a reasonable person would regard as acceptable and be free from any quality problem.Also, bear in mind that a second-hand car will have a slightly different definition of what is considered \"satisfactory, because there's certainly an element of wear and tear. Fit for the purpose: It must be reasonable fit for any normal purpose and this includes any purpose that you specify to the seller. *If any of the above is violated, then in theory, you may have the right to reject the vehicle and get your money back if you're reasonably quick. Alternatively, the dealer might offer to replace or repair the car; reduce the price of offering a partial refund .Once you've informed the dealer that you wish to reject the car , you must stop using the vehicle. *If the rejection is not accepted, then it's up to you to prove your case. You'll need to pay for an independent assessment of the car and sue(,)for damages. If you do choose a repair, insist the dealer provide you with a hire car or pay any reasonable traveling expenses thus produced while your new car is in the garage. *If the car is new, it's likely that the claim will be too high to be fought. Using the small claims procedure to you may have to pay for legal representation. All this can be pretty _ and expensive. You need to weigh up the pros and cons before rejecting a car. Would a repair do just as well? Selecting a dealer who offers a clear exchange policy may help. \n Answer: Stopping using it",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, what is essential after you inform the dealer of your wish to reject the car?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1ae76d6572754886b981d1c4964cf044",
            "input": "Article: Students from Florida International University in Miami walked on water Thursday for a class assignment.To do it,they wore aquatic  shoes they designed and created. Alex Quinones was the first to make it to the other side of a 175-foot lake on campus in record time--just over a minute.Quinones,who wore oversized boat-like shoes,also won last year and will receive $ 500.Students had to wear the aquatic shoes and make it across the lake in order to earn an \"A\" on the assignment for Architecture Professor Jaime Canaves,Materials and Methods Construction Class.\"It's traditional in a school of architecture to do boats out of cardboard for a boat race.I thought our students were a little bit more special than that,\" Canaves said.\" We decided to do the walk on water event to take it to the next level.\" A total of 79 students competed in the race this year in 41 teams.Only 10 teams failed to cross the lake.Others who fell got back up and made it to the end.The race is open to all students and anyone in the community.The youngest person to ever participate was a 9-year-old girl who competed in place of her mother,while the oldest was a 67-year-old female. A large crowd on campus joined Canaves as he cheered on the racers.He shouted encouraging words,but also laughed as some unsteadily made their way to the end. \"A part of this is for them to have more understanding of designing and make it work better,\" he said.It is also a lesson in life for the students. \"Anything,including walking on water,is possible,if you do the research,test it and go through the design process seriously.\" \n Answer: To win the prize money of $ 500.",
            "output": [
                "For what purpose did the students take part in the race?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ee93eaa6744945a1865cb637d0b37843",
            "input": "Article: You put a great deal of effort into reaching the college of your choice. It's time to get started. But what's next? Beginning college can be an exciting but awkward time. Follow these tips to adjust to your new life rapidly and make the most of your college experience. * To save time and money, use the college's bus system. Taking the bus to school is quick, easy and free in most college towns. You won't have to locate or afford a place to park either. It's also a good way to be environmentally aware. * Save pennies on books by waiting until class starts. You might not even need all of the recommended books. New textbooks cost an arm and a leg. Try buying used textbooks -- it's a surefire way to save money and serves the purpose as well. * Do never look at college life as an endless series of parties and social activities. But there is a whole lot more to college if you're serious about graduating. Having a good college experience is all about balancing work and fun. * Be aware that your living environment can largely affect your academic success. If the dorm doesn't suit you, consider living at home with your family or renting your own apartment. The best location for your studies isn't always your dorm. Find a quiet area, like the library, to do your work. Alternatively, buy some headphones that block out noise. * Be mindful of your diet. Make healthy food choices and watch what you eat. Avoid foods that are processed or high in sugar. The \"freshman 15\" is real. Many college students gain at least 15 pounds during their freshmen year. * While electives   can be helpful when figuring out your major, you shouldn't entirely rely on them. Clubs and other organizations exist around. Get involved. Make sure, though, that you still have time to study. _ can hurt your grades. \n Answer: Buying used books.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following ideas can be financially wise?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d1f22554a42b4a73acc8b2f8e21b7c44",
            "input": "Article: As a boy I was always small for my age. I was also five years younger than one of my brothers and seven years younger than the other. As a result I often felt left out when their friends came over to play. I was either too small or too young for whatever they were doing and they didn't want their younger brother listening in on their conversations either. More often than not I found myself outside playing alone and feeling forgotten. I remember one spring afternoon feeling especially lonely as I sat in the yard behind our house. We lived miles from town and I rarely saw my own friends outside of school. I heard my brothers laughing from inside the house and felt a single tear coming down my cheek. At that moment I saw a large brown dog walking over to me. He looked happy and his tail was wagging as well. Even though he didn't know me he greeted me like a long lost friend, licking my chin and sitting beside me on the spring grass. It must have been at least an hour that I petted and talked to this four-legged angel. He let me pour out all my troubles and share my deepest thoughts before he kissed my cheek goodbye and ambled off either to Heaven or his home. I went back inside feeling happy, knowing that no matter what life may hold I was loved. Now over 40 years later I still remember that angel with a smile. I believe that God sent him in that moment of sadness to remind me just how much he loved me. There is nothing more important than knowing we are loved. When we are loved, we will learn to love others. Learning to love helps us to understand ourselves and other people better. \n Answer: Lonely.",
            "output": [
                "How did the writer feel when his brothers' friends came?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eb98e9c28a554211bdae085de30a60b5",
            "input": "Article: Vitamins are complex chemical substances found in many foods. The human body needs them for health and growth. The body makes some vitamins, but usually in amounts too small to meet its needs. Other vitamins are not made in the body. These must be supplied. No one knows exactly how all vitamins work. Doctors do know that vitamins have very special uses. One vitamin therefore cannot take the place of another. The steady absence of one vitamin in an otherwise complete diet causes a deficiency disease. Rickets, scurvy, and pellagra are examples of deficiency diseases.  It is best to obtain vitamins by eating the foods in which they occur. There are also pills that contain a single vitamin or a combination of vitamins people should consult their doctors before they take any vitamin pills. Scientists have discovered about 25 vitamins and their different forms that are very important to human beings and other forms of life. Experts believe that there are many more vitamins to be discovered. There are two basic groups of vitamins. One group of vitamins dissolves in fat and is therefore called the \"fat-soluble\" group. Vitamins A, D, E and K are in this group. The other group is known as \"water-soluble\" vitamins. These vitamins, understandably, dissolve in water. Among this group are Vitamin C and the B group of vitamins. Vitamin A aids the building and growth of body cells. This vitamin is therefore vital for the growth of children and for good development of babies before birth. Vitamin A is also important for good vision at night. Vitamin B1 is also called thiamine. This vitamin prevents and cures disease. Vitamin B2, called riboflavin, is needed for growth, healthy skin, and for the eyes. Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, prevents and cures scurvy. Vitamin D is a group of 10 vitamins that prevents rickets. Scientist believe that Vitamin D3 forms in the skin when the body is exposed to sunlight. Because of this, it is called the \"sunshine vitamin\". A lack of Vitamin D may lead to bone damage; too much may cause kidney disease.   All of the functions of Vitamin E, also called tocopherol, are not known. It is necessary for reproduction in animals. Vitamin K is necessary for making the blood clot. The more that is learned about vitamins, the more it is realized how these chemical substances play a part in all aspects of human activity. \n Answer: All of the above",
            "output": [
                "Which disease is caused because of the steady absence of one vitamin in the diet?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9703298b7a5146f7aeb1b3ddd1633b93",
            "input": "Article: \"I stepped out and was _ ,\" local journalist Bahram Baloch told the BBC. \"I could see this gray, dome-shaped   body in the distance, like a giant whale swimming near the surface. Hundreds of people had gathered to watch it in disbelief.\" This island has become a global curiosity. How was it formed in just a few minutes? As you might already know, many islands in the sea are formed by volcanoes. There are numerous volcanoes under the sea. As the hot lava erupts and cools down, it piles up and forms the shape of a mountain. When the mountain \"grows\" to higher than the sea level, the part that's above the water is what we call an \"island\". This is how the island was formed after the Pakistan earthquake, except that instead of a regular volcano, it was a \"mud volcano\" that brought about this island. Lava is not the only thing that's locked under the Earth's crust -- there is also gas. When an earthquake happens and breaks part of the crust, the gas is released at an extremely high speed, pushing mud up to the surface, according to National Geographic. But only earthquakes that are extremely powerful can cause mud volcanoes to push up enough mud to produce islands -- and this 7.7-magnitude earthquake in Pakistan was strong enough. The island is about 20 meters high, up to about 90 meters wide and 30 meters long, nearly the size of a soccer field. In fact, mud volcano islands aren't new. This is the fourth island of this kind in the region since 1945. But those islands usually didn't last long. \"It will probably be gone within a couple of months,\" said Bill Barnhart, a researcher with the US Geological Survey. After all, \"it's just a big pile of mud that was on the seafloor that got pushed up\". \n Answer: The great natural wonders of Pakistan.",
            "output": [
                "What is the article mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-da1cda9ddc7143f9855c285cfe8cee33",
            "input": "Article: One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension. The elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed. I urged the elephant deeper into the forest. We sounded like a forest fire --- cracking, snapping, trailblazing. But through all the noise came a sharp warning cry. The elephant stopped and we heard it again --- the tell-tale call of a spotted deer. I looked quickly around the shadows of the forest. Rays of sunlight shone through tree branches, beneath which the patchwork of green plants and shadows-within-shadows would make tiger stripes look more attractive. Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach, the forest was silent. Gradually, the tension slipped from our bodies. The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into its mouth. I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephant's neck; there was a soft part, free of wrinkles and hairs, behind her ear. This was my fourth time _ of the forest in Corbett, although I saw no tigers in the end. Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains, Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers, but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts , a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity. Still, I was happy enough touching the elephant behind the ear. If I had so desperately wanted to see a tiger, I could have gone to a zoo. After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty; tracking them can make you aware of something more. \n Answer: A spotted deer called.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following was a clear signal of alarm?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-89dace1b259a4788a4c8932c696a965b",
            "input": "Article: In eighteen seventy-seven,the American government decided to move the Nez Perce Indians from their land. The government had set up a reservation for them in Idaho. Chief Joseph did not want to leave the land. It was holy ground. It contained the bones of his father and mother. But,like his father in earlier times,Chief Joseph knew it would be hopeless to stay and defend the land. There were too few Indians to win a war against the white men. And so in June of eighteen seventy-seven,the Nez Perce left their home in the Wallowa Valley. They left quickly. They were able to take only a small part of what they owned,and just a few cattle and Appaloosa horses. When the Indians reached the Snake River,the water was very deep and ran very fast with melted snow from the mountains. Chief Joseph and his people made boats from sticks and dried animal skins to cross the river. While the Indians were busy,a group of white men came and stole some of the cattle waiting at the edge of the river. The other chiefs demanded that Joseph call a meeting. Two of the chiefs,White Bird and Toohoolhoolzote,spoke for War,but Joseph held different opinion. Some of the young men in White Bird's group were very angry. That night,they rode into the countryside and killed eleven white persons. During all his years as chief,Joseph had tried to keep the peace. Now he saw there was no hope. Although he and his young men had taken no part in the killings,he knew that the white men would blame all of the Indians. Chief Joseph said,\"I would have given my own life if I could have undone the killing of the white men.\" Many Nez Perce fled. Chief Joseph remained,because his wife was about to have a baby. After she gave birth,he and his family joined the others in White Bird Canyon to the south. Joseph wanted to lead the people to safety in the flat lands of Montana. But the United States army quickly sent horse soldiers to follow them. They were extremely tired when they reached White Bird Canyon. An Indian--carrying a white flag--walked forward to meet them. A soldier shot him. With that shot,war between the Nez Perce and the United States began. \n Answer: He had special feeling for the land where he was living.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't Chief Joseph want to leave the land?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8391b9b00aa43aca9a226e4adfccbda",
            "input": "Article: A world-famous Canadian author, Margaret Atwood, has created the world's first long-distance signing device , the LongPen. After many tiring book-signing tours from city to city, Atwood thought there must be a better way to do them. She hired some technical experts and started her own company in 2004. Together they designed the LongPen. Here's how it works: The author writes a personal message and signature on a computer tablet  using a special pen. On the receiving end, in another city, a robotic arm fitted with a regular pen signs the book. The author and fan can talk with each other via webcams  and computer screens. Work on the LongPen began in Atwood's basement . At first, they had no idea it would be as hard as it turned out to be. The device went through several versions, including one that actually had smoke coming out of it. The investing finally completed, test runs were made in Ottawa, and the LongPen was officially launched at the 2006 London Book Fair. From here , Atwood conducted two transatlantic book signings of her latest book for fans in Toronto and New York City. The LongPen produces a unique signature each time because it copies the movement of the author in real time. It has several other potential applications. It could increase credit card security and allow people to sign contracts from another province. The video exchange between signer and receiver can be recorded on DVD for proof when legal documents are used. \"It's really fun\", said the owner of a bookstore, who was present for one of the test runs. \"Obviously you can't shake hands with the author, but there are chances for a connection that you don't get from a regular book signing.\" The response to the invention has not been all favorable. Atwood has received criticism from authors who think she is trying to end book tours. But she said, \"It will be possible to go to places that you never got sent to before because the publishers couldn't afford it.\" \n Answer: To make book signings less tiring.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Atwood decide to invent the LongPen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c6239def01e14b33a262b2b20a7bd705",
            "input": "Article: A surprising new research suggests it can actually be good to feel bad at work, and that feeling good in the workplace can lead to negative outcomes. The study of emotions in the workplace, edited by University of Liverpool researchers Dr. Lindebaum and Peter Jordan, is the topic of a Special Issue of the journal 'Human Relations'.    They found that the common belief that being positive in the workplace produces positive outcomes, while negative emotions lead to negative outcomes, may be in need for reconsideration. This is partly due to this belief failing to take into account the differences in working environment which affect outcomes. For instance, anger does not always lead to negative outcomes and in some cases, anger can be considered a force for good through acting upon injustices. An employee, for example, could express anger constructively after a manager has treated a fellow worker unfairly. In such cases, anger can be useful. _ , being too positive in the workplace, rather than resulting in greater performance and productivity, can lead to self-satisfaction and being too shallow in one's personality. One article within the issue also finds that, within team work situation, negativity can have  a good effect, leading to fewer consensuses   but a further discussion or debate on an important issue among workers, which improve team effect. Lindebaum said, \"The findings of the study published in this Special Issue challenge the common belief that in the workplace positive emotions bring about a positive outcome, and vice versa .\" He added, \"This Special Issue adds to our knowledge and understanding of how the positive and negative dynamics   affect the working environment and is certain to have practical application in the workplace for the years to come.\" \n Answer: Because it doesn't consider the differences in real working environment.",
            "output": [
                "Why did researchers of the study of emotions find that the common belief needs to be considered again?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-393c44c3399a4928b502a825f5251f2b",
            "input": "Article: Open Letter to an Editor I had an interesting conversation with a reporter recently -- one who works for you. In fact, he's one of your best reporters. He wants to leave. Your reporter gave me a copy of his resume   and photocopies of six stories that he wrote for you. The headlines showed you played them proudly. With great enthusiasm, he talked about how he finds issues, approaches them, and writes about them, which tells me he is one of your best. I'm sure you would hate to lose him. Surprisingly, your reporter is not unhappy. In fact, he told me he really likes his job. He has a great assignment  , and said you run a great paper. It would be easy for you to keep him, he said. He knows that the paper values him. He appreciates the responsibility you've given him, takes ownership of his profession, and enjoys his freedom. So why is he looking for a way out? He talked to me because he wants his editors to demand so much more of him. He wants to be pushed, challenged, coached to new heights. The reporter believes that good stories spring from good questions, but his editors usually ask how long the story will be, when it will be in, where it can play, and what the budget is. He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he's doing and to help him , exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. That's what you want for him, too, isn't it? So your reporter has set me thinking. Our best hope in keeping our best reporters, copy editors, photographers, artists -- everyone -- is to work harder to make sure they get the help they are demanding to reach their potential. If we can't do it, they'll find someone who can. \n Answer: Proud.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer think of the reporter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f9e36bf12cb3402faeeddf57cc95cf9e",
            "input": "Article: Modern Foreign Language Teacher A successful, popular school in central South London has a new vacancy  for an MFL Teacher of Spanish to start immediately after the Christmas holidays. We required a specialist Spanish teacher; therefore Spanish should be your major language. Besides this, you need to make the lessons interesting and you should also have teaching experience. Please contact Robert Eagle at 88143425. General Manager We are seeking a General Manager for our new workshop facility in Doha, Qatar. The successful individual should possess a Bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering, along with 19 to 15 years' work experience in the Oil & Gas, Petrochemicals, Fertilizer or Marine industry and CNC machinery tools and equipment. A minimum of five years'; experience in a senior managerial capacity is essential. Candidates   that have work experience in Gulf countries or in the Middle East are encouraged to apply. Please contact Brian Gambles at 88146725. Finance Manager The successful individual will be able to demonstrate substantial commercial experience working within a corporate, blue-chip environment. You will be able to interact with and present confidently to senior management. The business offers an excellent working culture and genuine opportunities for significant career advancement and development. Please contact Mr. McMahon at 88147959. HR Manager We are looking for an HR Manager to join our project team who will be responsible for a new HR and Payroll project. A minimum of three years' HR management experience is required for this position. The successful individual will need to have managed HR teams and supported Payroll. If you have the relevant experience and are available for a new assignment, contact Matt Ridley at 88146550. \n Answer: Robert Eagle",
            "output": [
                "Who should you get in touch with if you want to be a Spanish teacher?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c9535fc945e47e487ad8a13243ac801",
            "input": "Article: Ellen Parker was worried about her health. She could not walk very quickly and it was difficult for her to climb stairs . She was soon out of breath.  \"I think I had better go to the doctor, \" she thought. She went to the doctor and told him her problem. \"I'm not at all surprised, \"he said. \"It's obvious  what your problem is.\" He examined her and then gave her some advice.\"If you don't do what I say, Mrs. Parker,\" he said. \"You will have a heart attack . It could kill you.\" Ellen was very worried as she left the doctor's. She knew that she had to take his advice but that would not be easy and it would take time. The next day she went shopping. The first shop she went into was a butcher's shop . \"I'd like ten pounds of steak  , please,\" she said. \"Certainly, madam,\" the butcher  answered and went into the cold room and found a large piece of steak. He brought the huge piece of meat back into the shop and placed it on the scale . \"That's just ten pounds,\" he said. \"That's big enough,\" Mrs. Parker said. The butcher worked out  the price. \"At $ 4.99 a pound that will be $ 49.90, please. Would you like me to cut it into small pieces for you?\" \"Oh, I don't want to buy the meat,\" Mrs. Parker said. \"If you don't want to buy it,\" the butcher said angrily, \"Why did you ask me to get it for you?\" \"My doctor told me that I am overweight  and have to lose ten pounds. I wanted to see what ten pounds of flesh looked liked.\" \n Answer: She had a problem with her health.",
            "output": [
                ". Why did Ellen Parker visit the doctor?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ca01abe5974142279e70f13a00ea1388",
            "input": "Article: If you are a human, you can't help but experience the time when everything seems to be going wrong and you feel as if your life is completely out of control.It is during the low time that words of encouragement from family, friends, coworkers or even strangers can boost your spirits.It is also during the low time that destructive words can be devastating and make you sink deeper and deeper into depression. For example, consider this story about a group of frogs who were traveling through the woods when two of them fell into a deep pit .All of the other frogs gathered around the pit.When they saw how deep the pit was, they told the two unfortunate frogs they would never get out. The two frogs ignored the comments and tried to jump out of the pit.The other frogs kept telling them to stop.Finally, one of the two frogs took notice of what the other frogs were saying and simply gave up.He died.The other frog continued to jump as hard as he could.Once again the crowd of frogs shouted at him to stop the pain.The more they shouted, the harder he jumped and finally he made it. When he got out, the other frogs asked him why he continued to jump when they were all shouting at him to tell him to give up.The frog explained to them that he was a little bit deaf.He thought they were encouraging him the whole time. Every time you have a chance to say either something positive or negative to another human being, do choose the chance to say something positive! Don't let those opportunities get away from you.Your words have a large amount of power.Use them wisely.You really never know just how much they can mean to someone else. \n Answer: Because he could hardly hear what the other frogs said.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the frog that succeeded in jumping to safety neglect the other frogs' comments?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-47760ce2361b4baea6d2d7b95fa4f988",
            "input": "Article: \"You're going to the United States to live? How wonderful! You're really lucky!\" Does this sound familiar? Perhaps your family and friends said similar things to you when you left home. But does it seem true all the time? Is your life in this new country always wonderful and exciting? A great many facts show that it's not easy for newcomers to adjust to life in a new culture. They have to experience culture shock. What causes culture shock? Maybe the weather is unpleasant. Perhaps the customs are different. Perhaps the public service systems such as the telephone, post office, or transportation are difficult to figure out and you make mistakes. The simplest things seem difficult. The language may be difficult. The food may seem strange to you. If you don't look similar to the natives, you may feel strange. You may feel as if everyone is watching you. In fact, you are always watching yourself. Everyone experiences culture shock in some form or another. But culture shock comes as a surprise to most people. A lot of the time, the people with the worst culture shock are the people who never had any difficulties in their own countries. They were active and successful in their community. They had hobbies or pastimes which they enjoyed. When they come to a new country, they do not have the same positions or hobbies as they already had in their countries. They find themselves without a role, almost without an identity. They have to build a new self-image. Culture shock produces a feeling of disorientation , which may be homesickness, imagined illness, or even paranoia . When people feel the disorientation of culture shock, they sometimes feel like staying inside all the time. They want to protect themselves from the unfamiliar environment. They want to create an escape within their room to give themselves a sense of security. This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for the short term, but it does nothing to familiarize the person more with the culture. Familiarity and experience are the long-term ways to settle the problem of culture shock. \n Answer: People who have just moved to a foreign country.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the passage mainly for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-424576a6ee31408f80369953fbd807ec",
            "input": "Article: Beautiful people are indeed happier,a new study says,but not always for the same reasons. For handsome men,the extra kicks are more likely to come from economic benefits,like increased wages, while women are more likely to find joy just looking in the mirror. \"Women feel that beauty is naturally important,\" says Daniel Hamermesh,a University of Texas at Austin labor economist and the study's lead author. \"They just feel bad if they're ugly.\" Hamermesh is the acknowledged father of pulchronomics, or the economic study of beauty. It can be a dangerous job. He once made angry an audience of young Mormon  women, many of whom wished to stay home with future children, by explaining that homemakers tend to be less attractive than their working-girl peers . \"Since beautiful women tend to be paid more,they have more motivation to stay in the work force,\" he says. The pursuit of good looks drives several huge industries--in 2010, Americans spent  $845 million on face-lifts alone--but few economists focused on beauty's financial power until the mid-1990s,when Hamermesh and his colleague, Jeff Biddle of Michigan State University, became the first scholars to track the effect of appearance on earnings potential for a large sample  of adults. Like many other desirable commodities , \"beauty is rare,\"  Hamermesh says, \"and that rareness commands a price.\" A handsome man is estimated to make 13 percent more during his career than a \"looks-challenged\" peer, according to calculations in Hamermesh's recent book, Beauty Pays. Interestingly, the net benefit is slightly less for pretty women, who may make up the difference by trading on their looks to marry men with higher earning potential. And some studies have shown that attractive people are more likely to be hired in a recession . Hamermesh argues that \"there's not much we can do to improve our pulchritude \". There are even studies suggesting that for every dollar spent on cosmetic  products,only 4 cents returns as salary--making lipstick a truly awful investment.  _ . One 2006 study showed that the less beautiful may actually profit from their lack of looks. People tend to expect less from the unattractive, so when they go beyond those low expectations they are rewarded. And the beautiful ones are often primarily  held to a higher standard-- \"then hit with a 'beauty penalty'  if they fail to deliver.\" Hamermesh says. \n Answer: How Much Is Being Attractive Worth?",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1167e737af2f4b5fb305aabbee52b174",
            "input": "Article: Think about the longest elevator ride that you've ever taken. Whether you rose five or 100 floors, it probably took less than a few minutes. Now imagine riding in an elevator higher and higher as it climbs for nearly a day. When you reach the top floor, prepare for views that are really out of this world. You'll be in space! Space elevators might sound like a crazy idea, but they're something scientists have been working on for decades. At the moment, riding in a capsule is the only way ordinary people can get to and from space. But those rides are very expensive---about $ 25 million per person per flight. Now scientists are making efforts to reduce the expense of those rides. Researchers are still figuring out the details about how a space elevator might work. One idea is stretching a very long cable -- more than 37,000 kilometers -- up to space from the earth's equator  . Objects in space above the equator orbit (......) the earth at the same speed that our planet turns. A weight on the end of the cable would stretch it tight. An elevator tied to the cable could use _ to climb up and down. The only problem is that besides being long, this cable must also be very strong. Storms, including hurricanes might break it. One way to solve this problem is to stretch the cable from the moon instead of from the earth. Airplanes designed to climb higher than a typical jet might take off from the earth and link up with the cable, which would be held in place by the pull of gravity from the earth. An elevator car waiting there would then take riders the rest of the way to the moon. Fueled by solar power, the elevator could transport people and materials without much expense or effort per ride. \n Answer: To make trips to space cheaper.",
            "output": [
                "Why have scientists been working on space elevators?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8b53551713264046a5cb9706627cc802",
            "input": "Article: Many people go to work each day to a job they hate. The harmful feelings influence their entire life, putting a negative cloud over the home, their friends and many of their other activities. There is a better way to live your life. Meaningful purpose is a driving force that adds enthusiasm to your days. Here are a few steps to get the new career rolling: Do some self-analysis. Ask yourself -- What really matters to me? What problem or wrong would I like to fix? What do I enjoy? Where are my interests and hobbies? What are my priorities? What is my secret passion? What do I want to do with the rest of my life? Reviewing these questions can give you new insight to where you want to go. Use your unique genius and talents. Every person is born with a unique set of natural abilities. Talents, such as managing, creating, researching, training others, drawing, can all seem like easy work because you have a natural flair for them. True happiness comes from combining your natural talents, developing and excelling in them, and working in a field, job, industry that you have a passionate interest in. Make a decision. Only action can change your life. Read a book. Take vocational tests. Use a good career-management professional. Do some career exploration and gather all the information you need. Then make a decision and go forward. Outline the action steps to reach your career goal. Finding meaning, passion and purpose every day you go to work is the wonderful reward, so don't wait any longer. Begin right now and set in motion your own plan to live a happier, more satisfying life. \n Answer: Suggestions on How to Build a More Meaningful Career",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-225e43533b084b7eab62d4aff77cb52c",
            "input": "Article: With more recognition than Halloween and less than Christmas, Valentine's Day as an imported festival faces a dangerous situation in China, where it's caught between forces of tradition and fashion. Valentine's Day has a natural enemy in China. And it is not the Chinese _ , which falls on the seventh day of the seventh month on the lunar calendar, usually around half a year away from Feb. 14. It is the Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese New Year, which will influence the Feast of Saint Valentine. The real disagreement between East and West probably took place over a century ago, when China's door was forced open by Western powers and Chinese scholars supported westernization as a means to strengthen our nation's ability to compete. The introduction of the solar calendar and Western measurements was both an acknowledgment of their influence and an effort to be accepted by the world order. For a full century, we have had two systems running in parallel. When it comes to the eventual outcome, practicality usually beats all other concerns. Laws can help, such as the three traditional festivals of Tomb Sweeping, Dragon Boat and Mid-Autumn gaining legal status in 2008 and giving every Chinese citizen a day off, but laws cannot push what people have no feelings for. So, the celebration or boycott of imported holidaysor homegrown ones should be no cause for worry. If they are irrelevant, no social media will change the public's mind; and if they are accepted, there must be a need which they happen to satisfy. Since we have no global Qin Shihuang to force one system on every country, we can always rely on a dual   approach by which we share with the outside world on one hand but preserve our own ways of life on the other. \n Answer: It happens to have a natural enemy.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author say about Valentine's Day in China?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c733512e547d4781a11df0a031e9d453",
            "input": "Article: Outside her shabby cottage, old Mrs. Tailor was hanging out laundry on a wire line, unaware that some children lay hidden in the leaves of a nearby tree watching her every move. They were determined to find out if she really was a witch. They watched as she took a broomstick to clean the dirt from her stone steps. But, much to their disappointment, she did not mount the broomstick and take flight. Suddenly, the old lady's work was interrupted by the cackling of her hen--a signal that an egg had been laid in the warm nest on top of the haystack. The old broomstick was put aside as she hobbled off towards the haystack followed by Sooty, a black cat she had rescued from a fox trap some time back. With only three legs, it was hard for Sooty to keep up with the old lady. The cat provided proof--the children were sure that only a witch could own a black cat with three legs. There, standing on a wooden box, was Mrs. Tailor, stretching out to gather her precious egg. Taking the egg in one of her hands, she began to climb down when, without warning, the box broke and the old lady fell. \"We have to got and help her,\" whispered Amy. \"What if it is a trick?\" replied Ben. \"Don't be silly, Ben. If she were a witch, she would have turned us into frogs already,\" reasoned Meg. \"Come on Amy, let's go.\" The girls climbed down the tree and ran all the way to the haystack. Approaching carefully, they could see a wound on the old lady's face. She had knocked her head on a stone and her ankle was definitely broken. \"Go and get Dad,\" Amy yelled to her brother. \"Tell him about the accident.\" The boys did not need another excuse to leave. They ran as fast as they could for help, hoping that Mrs. Tailor would not wake and turn the girls into frogs. \n Answer: They were pretending to be spies",
            "output": [
                ". Why were the children hiding in the tree?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d02356be99d14999af36d4ac61515fcc",
            "input": "Article: Welcome to one of the largest collections of footwear in the world that will make you green with envy. Here at the Footwear Museum you can see exhibits from all over the world. You can find out about shoes worn by everyone from the Ancient Egyptians to pop stars. Room 1 The celebrity footwear section is probably the most popular in the entire museum. Started in the 1950s there is a wide variety of shoes and boots belonging to everyone from queens and presidents to pop stars and actors! Most visitors find the celebrities' choice of footwear extremely interesting. Room 2 Most of our visitors are amazed--and shocked--by the collection of \"special purpose\" shoes on exhibition here at the Museum of Footwear. For example, there are Chinese shoes made of silk that were worn by women to tie their feet firmly to prevent them from growing too much! Room 3 As well as shoes and boots, the museum also exhibits shoeshaped objects. The variety is unbelievable. For example, there is a metal lamp that resembles a pair of shoes, and Greek wine bottles that look like legs! The Footwear Library People come from all over the world to study in our excellent footwear library. Designers and researchers come here to look up information on anything and everything related to the subject of footwear. \n Answer: Room 1.",
            "output": [
                "Where would you find a famous singer's shoes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b9e5e7a00ae44a029b02417a3d43057f",
            "input": "Article: In jokes, the chicken only crosses the road. In Australia,cane toads   use roads to travel. A new study finds that Cane toads are using roads to spread across the continent.   They take shelter overnight close to the opencorridors  , and then hit the road each evening in their damaging way. Cane toads were brought into Australia from Hawaii in 1935 to control the spread ofbeetles  that were destroying Australia's sugar cane crop. _ are now moving into new places at the speed of 30 miles a year. Toads can grow as large as dinner plates and can weigh up to 4.5 pounds. Their heads and backsides are covered with rows ofwarts . They are known to kill snakes, lizards and other animals, including pet dogs. They have no natural enemy in Australia. According to a research, toads make slower progress through thick plants than along open spaces and they hop   alongside roads and fences whenever possible. Toads use long corridors that are well-suited for them to travel long distances. Another study recently found that toads haveevolved   longer legs in recent years and that this is also helping them in their spread. Efforts to kill toads have been largely unsuccessful, although scientists tried their best. Another new finding suggests ways to slow down its population.  For example, roadside borders can be changed to make them less attractive to toads, or allowing thick plants to grow along the sides of highways, thus forcing toads onto the road of themselves. \n Answer: Worse environment forces toads to travel.",
            "output": [
                "Which would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e792a5a7139f4410b09ff57680b28eeb",
            "input": "Article: Larry was on another of his underwater adventures but this time, it was different. He decided to take his daughter along with him. She was only ten years old. This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for. Larry first began diving when he was his daughter's age. Similarly, his father had taken him along on one of his adventures. Since then, he had never looked back. Larry started out by renting diving suits from the small diving shop just along the shore. He had hated them. They were either too big or too small. Then, there was the instructor. He gave him a short lesson before allowing him into the water with his father. He had made an exception. Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide. Children his age were not even allowed to dive. After the first adventure, Larry's later diving adventures only got better and better. There was never a dull moment. In his black and blue suit and with an oxygen tank fastened on his back, Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean. Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search. Sometimes, his was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him. At least, he was still able to take photographs of the underwater creatures. Larry's first adventure without his father was in the Cayman Islands. There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them .Fortunately for him, a man offered to take him around the different spots for free. _ The diving spots afforded such a wide array of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty varieties of creatures. Larry looked at his daughter. She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age. He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition. Already, she looked like she was much braver than had been then. This was the key to a successful underwater adventure. \n Answer: To protect himself from danger.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Larry have to stay in a cage underwater sometimes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0b3458413aa44c2fa34ab40e2dc72b04",
            "input": "Article: San Francisco, unofficially regarded as one of the homeless capitals of the US, counts nearly 6,500 homeless people, with 4,300 living on the street. Among the many problems that the homeless face is little or no access to showers. San Francisco only has about 16 to 20 shower stations to accommodate _ . But Doniece Sandoval has made it her task to change that. [:\"Homelessness is something you can't really miss,\" the 51-year-old woman said. She started Lava Mae, a sort of showers on wheels, a new project that aims to turn old city buses into shower stations for the homeless. \"One day I passed a woman in the street and she was very dirty and basically crying, and I heard her say that she would never be clean. But I was wondering what her opportunities were to actually get clean,\" Sandoval said. Sandoval was inspired to start Lava Mae. The project has already been welcomed with open arms in the city. The Transportation Agency has donated one bus for the cause and is willing to donate three more if the project succeeds. Sandoval hopes the first bus will be able to hit the road in May this year. The Public Commission has also agreed to let the buses plug into fire hydrants around the city if Lava Mae pays for the water. One of Lava Mae's biggest supporters is Bevan Dufty, the director of Housing Opportunity, Partnerships & Engagement under the mayor of San Francisco. \"For people who are unhoused, access to showers is very difficult. Shower buses are something that could potentially be deployed  in response to an emergency, so it is relevant to all San Franciscans,\" Dufty said. \"Doniece has done an incredible job as a citizen who cares about helping the poor. We are very excited to see Lava Mae become real soon. \" Each bus will have two shower stations and Sandoval expects that by 2015, they'll be able to provide 2000 showers a week. \n Answer: Caring and responsible.",
            "output": [
                ". Which of the following best describes Doniece Sandoval?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-12d9904c4b48400aab9c27810e149712",
            "input": "Article: For as long as I can remember, I've always wanted a personal motto. I wanted a saying that I could really try to live my life by. I mean all the humorous book and storybook heroes always have a personal principle they follow. Good manners! Courage! Keenness! But a part of me could never get myself to create my own motto because I never knew where to start and I never thought I could give one. \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" is a quote by the great writer and philosopher, Voltaire. More familiar, it makes an appearance in the modern day movie performance of the superhero Spider-Man. This saying provides a sense of responsibility for those with actually limitless power. \"Be good to others and others will be good to you.\" is another well-known proverb that has roots in almost all of the major religions. Although it is less practiced today than it is lectured, it is a powerful and good motto to live by. Kindness, in this sense, is the final power in judging every action. My personal motto today has an idea - being efficient. Through my limited knowledge, I have come to find that this is simply the best way for me to give insight about who I am and what I believe in. Efficiency is a quality that everyone desires for, right? Who doesn't want to be able to not only work fast but to achieve great results? To some, it may appear to be a frightening journey. But to me, it means that I have a lifelong journey to improve the methods and ideas with which I come near my tasks. Regardless of what motto you want to live by, I believe that everyone should have one, or two or more. These are all symbols of a perfect story of us, in our own view. And it immediately provides insight to the type of person we were, we are and what we strive to be. We are never meant to be perfect, but it is important to try and live by a belief that will help us reach our potential. All you have to do is know what your excitement is and live by it. \n Answer: He can follow a belief to live his life.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the writer want a personal motto?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8783980e1b254b63ad6d322448155d67",
            "input": "Article: In 1886 explorer Robert Peary traveled to Greenland for the U.S. Navy. Before his journey, no one knew Greenland's size or shape. On Peary's first trips, he explored Greenland, mapping parts of it. When Peary returned to the United States, he went to a businessman to sell some furs. There he met Matthew Henson, an African American mechanic, builder and navigator. When Peary went to Nicaragua on a Navy mission ,Henson went with him. When that job was over, the two headed to the Arctic. Henson and Peary set sail for Greenland. When they landed, Henson built a house for their base camp. Peary and his men set out to explore the land by dog sledge . Henson was injured and had to stay at the base. While there, he made friends with the Inuit, the native people. In 1895 Henson, Peary and Hugh Lee went out on another dog sledge journey. This time, they found Greenland's northernmost point. They now knew that the North Pole lay under the frozen Arctic Ocean. Peary had hoped to cross the ice. but the group ran out of food and returned to base camp. In the years that followed, Peary and Henson tried several times to reach the North Pole, but each time they failed. On one trip, Peary's feet froze, and he lost his toes . Peary and Henson planned last trip when Peary was 53 years old. They started across the sea ice from Ellesmere Island, which is located  north of Canada. The temperature dropped as low as--51 degrees Celsius. The explores' cheeks froze , and they suffered snow blindness from the sun's glare. They experienced high winds and storms, and they also faced a hidden danger. Under the frozen ocean were powerful currents . The ice moved and broke apart leaving open water, called leads. Twice Peary fell into leads. But eventually he and Henson became the first persons to reach the North Pole. \n Answer: Greenland's northernmost point is the North Pole.",
            "output": [
                "What did Peary and Henson find in 1895?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7423374548194416ba2eafb9ea5cb451",
            "input": "Article: In 1943, when I was 4, my parents moved from Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, to Fairbanks, Alaska, where adventure was never very far away. We arrived in the summer, just in time to enjoy the midnight sun. All that sunlight was fantastic for Mom's vegetable garden. Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off, so she didn't care much about my bedtime. Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk. That left me in a mess. I usually managed to find some trouble to get into. Once I had a little Are going in the dirt basement of a hotel. I had tried to light a barrel  of paint but couldn't really get a good fire going. The smoke got pretty bad, though, and when 1 made my exit, a crowd and the police were there to greet me. The policemen took my matches and drove me Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me, and they did! I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me. 1 hadn't turned 5 yet. As I entered kindergarten, the serious cold began to set in. Would it surprise you to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail at school? As for Leonhard Seppala, famous as a dog sledder  , I think I knew him well because I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one Sunday. At the time I didn't realize what a superstar he was, but I do remember the ride well. I was wrapped   heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather. In 1950, we moved back to Coeur d'Alene, but we got one more Alaskan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former neighbors of Alaska. \n Answer: His mother didn't have any jobs.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred about the author's family?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a1b9c475dd42478ab3eca570b1314a48",
            "input": "Article: Online shoppers would rather receive an offer for a product or service than make their own offer3according to a study led by a Michigan State University scholar that has implications for the fast-growing e-commerce industry. The findings may come as a surprise given that shopping online is an anonymous process that seemingly can give consumers more confidence to drive a hard bargain,said Don Conlon ,Professor of Management in MSU's Broad College of Business. But the study found that participants who made their own offers were less successful in sealing the deal and ,when they were successful?worried they overpaid Many shoppers found the process of researching an offer to be a hassle. \" Americans are very busy,and it's less time-consuming to be the one receiving the offer rather than the one proposing the offer  \" Conlon said.uPeople tend to be happier when they're in the receiver role. \" Online spending in the United States is expected to jump 45 percent in the next four years, from $ 226 billion this year to $ 327 billion in 2017,according to Forrester Research Inc. Nevertheless, researches into this prosperous market remain largely focused on the strategies of companies, rather than those oPS shoppers. Conlon's study is ,obviously, a rare exception. Conlon got the idea for the study after considering the difference between two popular sites for hotels and airline flights, priceline.com, which takes bids, and hotwire.com ,which provides offers. Using these two models ,Conlon and his fellow researchers conducted a series of experiments with more than 850 people who were charged with booking a fictional hotel room and acquiring a fictional antique car. Not only did participants prefer to receive bids, Conlon said ,but they also secured more deals in that receiver role. Further ,when they had to make the bids ,they were left more mentally _ and regretful. From an industry perspective,putting customers in the receiver role may help fill more hotel rooms and airplane seats. \"If you're a business with a lot of products3\" Conlon said,\"you may want to be the one making the offers. \" However, when selling single items, such as an antique car, accepting bids may be a better option since that typically drives up the price, he said. \n Answer: E-commerce industry drives more hard bargains.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from Para. 1?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e79f1c96bc2c4b44bc3ecd218ac77ccf",
            "input": "Article: When I was fifteen months old.I fell on a glass rabbit which cut my eye badly enough to blind it.And as I grew,this sightless eye , in so many ways controlled me that I walked with my face looking at the floor so people would not see the ugly me. Yet Mama would hold me in her arms and stroke my hair and say,\"If you hold your head up high,it will be OK.And people will see your beautiful soul.\"She continued this message whenever I wanted to hide. As a little child,I thought Mama meant,\"Be careful or you will fall down or bump into something because you are not looking.\"As a teenager, I found that my mama's words helped me begin to realize that by letting people look at my face,I let them recognize the intelligence and beauty behind my eyes. In high school I was successful both academically and socially.I was even elected class president,but inside me I still felt like a freak .When things got really bad,I would cry to my mama and she would look at me with loving eyes and say, \"Hold your head up high and face the world.Let them see the beauty that is inside.\" When I met the man who became my partner for life,we looked each other straight in the eye,and he told me I was beautiful inside and out.Mama's love and encouragement were the spark that gave me the confidence to overcome my own doubt. \"Hold your head up high\" has been heard many times in my home.Each of my children has felt its _ .The gift my mama gave me lives on in another generation. \n Answer: She lives unhappily because of her blindness.",
            "output": [
                "What is TRUE of the writer's eyes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5102ab9af8a24a038ca04900b018dca9",
            "input": "Article: Wanted, Someone for a Kiss We' re looking for producers to join us on the sound of London Kiss 100 FM. You' ll work on the station's music programmes. Music production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100. Father Christmas We're looking for a very special person, preferably over 40, to fill our Father Christmas suit. Working days: Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 except Sundays, l0:30 - 16:00. Excellent pay. Please contact   the Enterprise Shopping Centre, Station Parade, Eastbourne. Accountants Assistant When you join the team in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you. This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience. Wealden District Council Software Trainer If you are aged 24 -45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make your own decisions ,and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of PS15,000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV   to Mrs. R.. Oglivie, Palmlaee Limited. \n Answer: Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100.",
            "output": [
                "Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-05ca84ed971e4f40ae4d1c7ade5e59db",
            "input": "Article: Somewhere on the other side of the world, a small group of workers is busy with a life-or-death struggle.This battle isn't about self-protection, as admirable as that might be. By slaying to face the radiation and fire at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station following the earthquake and then tsunami in Japan, the 50 or so workers may have already shortened their life.They knew that would happen. And yet they stay, working in near-total darkness, pumping seawater onto exposed nuclear fuel in hopes that they can prevent thousands of tons of radioactive material going into the air, and protect the health of millions of people.  Their task sounds like something out of a sci-fi thriller.They worked on the equipment in the complete darkness only by their flashlights, listening for explosions.They carry heavy oxygen tanks on their backs.They wear white, full-body jump suits to protect their bodies.Like Oscar said in \"Armageddon\": \"Scariest environment imaginable.That's all you have to say.\" According to news reports, some of the 50 workers volunteered to remain behind to take charge of the fire pumps with which they're spraying seawater on the exposed fuel. It's part of the job, part of the training,\" an American nuclear power plant operator said. \"Nobody makes a secret of the possible dangers at a place like this.If there's a problem, you don't call somebody in to fix it.It's our problem.We're the only ones who can fix it.That's just what we do.\" I don't know about  _ , but I've never really thought of nuclear power plant workers as \"guardians at the gate\" --those whose jobs may at any time place them in a position to protect us, perhaps at the risk of their own lives. These are obviously guardians at the gate.In every case they're trained to respond to unknown possibilities.For them, it isn't a matter of courage --it's standard operating procedure. \n Answer: The earthquake was the main reason.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87b6b1fe23aa422482d6ff226030f4fa",
            "input": "Article: There is an old Chinese proverb that states \"One Generation plants the trees; another gets the shade,\" and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and daughter is sometimes confusing. If close, the relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include a hierarchy   of responsibility and unconditional love, which _ mothers and daughters from being best friends. Marina, 27 years old, says, \"I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn't consider her my best friend. Best friends don't pay for your wedding. Best friends don't remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friends don't tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.\" This doesn't mean that the mother and daughter relationship can't be very close and satisfying. While some adult relationships are still troubled, many find them to be extremely rewarding.     This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of the workforce and technology, which may bring them even closer together. Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse, the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren't speaking. The mother and child relationship is closer than any other. There is not an equal relationship. Daughters should not feel responsible for their mother's emotional well-being. It isn't that they don't care deeply about their mothers. It's just that they shouldn't be burdened with their mother's well being. The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness. Mother always \"trumps\" friend. \n Answer: Because they have a lot in common.",
            "output": [
                "Why do many mothers and adult daughters keep a rewarding relationship?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-27f5f84c34314ab89779efb9623f72d0",
            "input": "Article: Use your American Express Card to enjoy one-day visit at four of America's greatest museums. Note the participating museums, and their exciting special exhibitions that you will not want to miss, listed below. Boston Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum Chairs February 11-May 8, 2012 Italian furniture expert Fausto Calderai and Indian photographer Dayanita Singh present an exhibition of chairs from the museum's collection and \"chair photographs\" from around the world presented in a Venetian-style hall housing world-famous masterpieces. For more information:www. gardnermuseum. org New York The Noguchi Museum Noguehi and Graham December 1, 2011-May 1, 2012 Noguchi's long-term collaboration  with dancer Martha Graham is regarded by many as a high point in the history of both modern dance and art. The exhibition highlights nine of the sets created through this collaboration. For more information:www. noguchi. org Philadelphia Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts In Full View:American Painting(1720--2012) January 11--April 10, 2012 Founded in 1805, the Pennsylvania Academy has been home to America's artists for more than 200 years. The Academy collects and exhibits the works of famous American artists, and is well-known for training fine artists. 2012 at the Academy begins with the largest exhibition of Academy's distinguished American collection in the institution's history. For more information:www. pafa. org Seattle Seattle Museum of Glass Murano:Glass from the Olnick Spanu Collection Through November 7, 2011 This exhibition includes over 200 pieces of beautiful glass from Murano, the island of glassblowers near Venice, Italy. Watch live glass-blowing shows in the Hot Shop and see other modern glass exhibitions. For more information:www. museumofglass. org \n Answer: www. gardnermuseum. org",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following websites offers information about the furniture show?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4ddcb09bb8544f31aafa9f8fcd6d5fed",
            "input": "Article: People who smoke could lose around one third of their daily memory, researchers say. A study by a team at Northumbria University showed that smokers lost more of their memory when compared to non-smokers. And the research also found that those who kicked the habit saw their ability to recollect information restored to almost the same level as non-smokers. The study involved more than seventy 18-to-25-year-olds and included a tour of the university's campus. Those who took part were asked to recall small details, such as a list of songs played at a campus concert and tasks completed at various points-known as real world memory test. Smokers performed badly, remembering just 59 percent of tasks. But those who had given up smoking remembered 74 percent and those who had never smoked recalled 81 percent of tasks. Dr. Tom Heffernan, who leads Northumbria University's Collaboration for Drug and Alcohol Research Group, said the findings would be useful in anti-smoking campaigns. He said, \"Given that there are up to 10 million smokers in the UK and as many as 45 million in the United States, it's important to understand the effects smoking has on everyday cognitive function-of which prospective memory is an excellent example. \" \"This is the first time that a study has set out to examine whether giving up smoking has an _ on memory. We already know that giving up smoking has huge health benefits for the body, but this study also shows how stopping smoking can have knock-on benefits for cognitive functions too. '' The research will now investigate the effects of passive smoking on memory, while Dr. Heffernan and Dr. Terence O'Neil will look into the effects of third-hand smoking-toxins left on curtains and furniture. \n Answer: Smokers are compared to non-smokers.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-41c23d298efc44cc92197252f7dffbaa",
            "input": "Article: I am a mother of three children and have recently completed my college degree. The last class I had to take was social study. The last project of the term was called \"Smile\". The last class was asked to go out and smile at three people and document their reactions. Soon after we were given the project, my husband, my youngest son, and I went out to McDonald's one cold March morning. It was just our way of sharing special playtime with our son. We were standing in line, waiting to be served, when all of a sudden everyone around us began to back way. I turned around and found there standing behind me were two poor homeless men with a horrible \"dirty body\" smell. The short gentleman, close to me, was \"smiling\". His beautiful sky blue eyes were full of light as he searched for acceptance. The second man played with his hands uneasily as he stood behind his friend. I realized the second man was mentally challenged and the blue-eyed gentleman was his salvation  . The short man just asked for a coffee because that was all they could afford. I smiled and asked the young lady behind the counter to give me two more breakfast meals on a separate tray. I then walked around the corner to the men's table. I put the tray on the table and laid my hand on the blue-eyed gentleman's cold hand. He looked up at me with tears in his eyes and said \"Thank you\". I started to cry as I walked away to join my husband and son. When I sat down my husband smiled at me and said, \"That's why God gave you to me, Honey. To give me hope.\" On the last evening of class, I turned in \"my project\" and the instructor read it. Then she looked up at me and said, \"Can I share this?\" I slowly nodded as she got the attention of the class. She began to read and we all knew that we need to heal people and to be healed. I graduated with one of the biggest lessons I would ever learn: UNCONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE. \"LOVE PEOPLE AND USE THINGS---NOT LOVE THINGS AND USE PEOPLE.\" \n Answer: Because the second man stood playing with his hands.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the people around the author back away?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95104ebf64b54e619e78474598e89bce",
            "input": "Article: When Nancy Lublin received $5,000 from her grandfather, she never once considered taking a vacation or paying off student loans  .Instead, the 24-year-old New York University law student began thinking about helping low-income women get better jobs. \"If a woman goes for a job interview poorly dressed, she won't get the job, \"Lublin says.\"But without a job, she can't afford suitable clothes.\"      So, with the money Lublin founded \"Dress for Success' and began collecting women's clothes which were still in good condition but which their owners no longer needed.\" So many women have clothes lying around that they will never wear again,\" one of Lublin's assistants says, \"Nancy's idea is so simple and yet so important to women.\"      Many women come to Lublin's office before going to a job interview. Here, they receive a suit, shoes and any other things they need, Since it was set up, more than 1,000 women have turned to \"Dress for Success\" for help. Many of them have won job. Some have round jobs after being out of work for many years. Jenny, a 32-year-old woman who was recently hired as a law-firm office manager says, \"I made a good impression because of 'Dress for Success'.\" \n Answer: Nancy's office gathers used clothes from women",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-370112e107674a10b6666e0dec8004e2",
            "input": "Article: Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become \"computer-literate.\" But not all experts   agree that this is a good idea. One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Computertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer. David does not see _ that way. He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them \"people-literate.\" David Tebbutt thinks Computertowns are most successful when tied to a computer club but he insists there is an important difference between the two. The clubs are for people who have some computer knowledge already. This frightens away non-experts, who are happier going to Computertowns where there are computers for them to experiment on, with experts to encourage them and answer any questions they have. They are not told what to do, they find out.The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to answer all questions people ask. People don't have to learn computer terms , but the experts have to explain in plain language. The computers are becoming \"people-literate.\" \n Answer: Computer learning should be made easier.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is David Tebbutt's ides on the relationship between people and computers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3c4225a2f7364c288850173230f62045",
            "input": "Article: From the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space to the setting up of space stations,human beings have been putting great effort into space research. And so far,we have achieved many successes. But there are still numerous tasks in front of us and we should not cease trying to progress. The international space station is an important step we should take in space exploration. It is not only helpful but also essential. It provides a proper space environment for many experiments that we have wanted to do for a long time. It is also a base for the observations of the earth and the universe. It could also be an important base for later travel to the moon and Mars. In a word,if we want to explore space more,the first thing we should do is to set up a space station. As the space station costs a lot of money,it is hard for one country alone to establish one. The USA seems to be the only country that has the ability to build a space station alone,and it has tried to do so,but not very successful. So it  _ many other countries to work on it together. Though it is still extremely expensive,it is much cheaper than doing it alone. It is really a job that needs everyone's effort and will benefit everyone. But even so, the funds needed are still a big problem. As for the USA,it seems that it has too many things to spend its money on. Although it is the richest country in the world,it has much debt every year. It has to make arrangements about its finance,and try to find a balance in all these issues. \n Answer: Supportive.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's attitude towards building and developing the international space station?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-755015b70aa64931a2d47e757ff72b34",
            "input": "Article: Solar energy for your home is coming. It can help you as a single home owner. It can help the whole country as well. Whether or not solar energy can save your money depends on many things. Where you live is one factor and the type of home you have is another. Things like insulation  , present energy costs, and the type of system you buy are added factors. Using solar energy can help save our precious fuel. As you know, our supplies of oil and gas are very limited. There is just not enough on hand to meet all our future energy needs. Sooner or later Mother Nature will say that's all. The only way we can delay hearing those words is by starting to save energy now and by using other sources, like the sun. We won't have to worry about the sun's running out of energy for another several billion years or so. Besides, the sun doesn't offer as many problems as other energy sources. For example, fossil fuel  adds to already high pollution levels. With solar energy, we will still need sources of energy, but we won't need as much. That means we can cut down on our pollution problems. With all these good points, why don't we use more solar power? There are many reasons for this. The biggest reason is money. Until now, it was just not practical for a home owner to put in a solar unit. There were cheaper sources of energy. All that is changing now. Solar costs are starting to equal the costs of oil and electricity. Experts say that gas, oil and electricity prices will continue to rise. The demand for electricity is increasing rapidly. But new power plants will use more gas, oil or coal. Already in some places the supply of electricity is being rationed  . Solar energy is now in its infancy  . It could soon grow to become a major part of our nation's energy supply. \n Answer: Solar energy.",
            "output": [
                "What's this passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-210496bfb5ba48b7be48ac7edfb741f9",
            "input": "Article: Convenient location 5 minutes from Washington , D. C. and one block to Crystal City METRO   , Cryastal City Underground. Alexandria. Free Parking, free Deluxe Continental Breakfast and complimentary   Hotel Shuttle Service to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. 14000 Jefferson Davis Hwy  ( endurance onS. Eads St)                                                       Phone (703) 979 - 3722 DAYS INN ARLINGTON Days Inn Arlingtonis located two miles from the Pentagon , Lincoln Memorial . There is a restaurant which serves American style food , plus two meeting rooms and an outdoor pool. Complimentary shuttle service runs to the Rosslyn Metro Station. Complimentary parking is avail- able on the property . An experienced staff welcomes out guests. Phone (703) 525 -0300 THE HIGHLANDER MOTORINN Comfortable rooms at moderate rates . Convenient location only minutes away from Washingtonarea attraction. Near VA Square METRO Station and Ballston Commons Shopping Mall . Free continental breakfast, free parking. Phone (703) 524 -4300 HYATT REGENCYCRYSTALCITY Conveniently located next to Washington National Airport and two miles from Washington D.C.Complimentary Shuttle to and from NationalAirport, metro, local restaurants and shop-ping. Experience a view to remember at out rooftop restaurants \"Chesapeake Grill. \" Call for Reservations. Phone (073) 418 -12341 (800) 233 -1234 \n Answer: HvattRegencyCrystalCity",
            "output": [
                "Which hotel does not provide service to drive its guests to the airport or metro stations?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e7b042cbe27495cb68176f86d8b3517",
            "input": "Article: An experiment was carried out at British school into the performance of new pupils. At the start of the year, the pupils were each given a _ , ranging from \"excellent prospect\" to \"unlikely to do well\". These were totally untrue ratings and did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed. However, these ratings were given to the teachers. At the end of the year, the experimenters compared the pupils' performance with the ratings. Despite their real abilities, there was an astonishingly high connection between performance and ratings. It seems that people perform as well as we expect them to. The Self-fulfilling Effect is also known as the Pygmalion Effect. This comes from an old Greek story. The story was also the basis of George Bernard Shaw's play \"Pygmalion\", later turned into the musical \"My Fair Lady\". In Shaw's play, Professor Henry Higgins claims he can turn a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle into a duchess. But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins' friend Pickering, it isn't what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess, but how she's treated. The implication   of the Pygmalion Effect for leaders and managers is massive. It means that the performance of your team depends less on them than it does on you. The performance you get from people is no more or less than what you expect, which means you must always expect the best. As Goethe said, \"Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. Treat a man as he can and should be and he will become as he can and should be.\" \n Answer: The Self-fulfilling Effect.",
            "output": [
                "What's the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d36d1a3b31f04b60a643b18646c1a806",
            "input": "Article: Nuclear energy has always been controversial. But since the tsunami and nuclear disaster in Fukushima (Japan) last year the issue is back in the headlines. And the world is divided-- some countries are planning more nuclear plants, while others have promised to shut theirs down. After Fukushima, Germany decided to switch off all its nuclear plants by 2022. Switzerland and Italy are also phasing out nuclear power. But France and the United States remain staunch supporters of atomic energy. In fact, almost 80% of France's electricity comes from nuclear power, the highest percentage in the world. And in the US, the Obama administration said it \"continues to support the expansion of nuclear power, despite the crisis in Japan.\" Nuclear supporters claim nuclear power can help the environment. Unlike fossil fuels, nuclear power doesn't create greenhouse gases. So, pro-nuclear countries argue that nuclear power allows them to generate energy without contributing to climate change. Britain's chief scientific adviser (John Beddington) supports this view. He recently said that the world doesn't have the luxury of ignoring nuclear energy. Nuclear power is also relatively cheap. Renewable energy sources such as solar, hydro and wind power may be clean, but they're expensive; and right now, they require a lot of investment. This higher cost of using \"green energy\" is usually passed onto the consumer. So, while many people may prefer their energy to come from a renewable source, not so many are prepared to pay higher energy bills. _ is of particular concern while the world economy is in such bad shape. The main argument against nuclear energy is that it isn't safe. For a start, nuclear waste is very difficult to dispose of, and remains toxic to humans for thousands of years. And even before Fukushima, there were several high-profile nuclear disasters. The most famous is probably the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, in the Ukraine. The radiation from the meltdown spread all over Europe, affecting thousands. The nuclear energy issue is very complex. And it doesn't look like it'll be resolved anytime soon. As a Japanese commentator recently said, \"it's been a bad year for the 'nuclear village', but I don't think they're down and out yet.\" The battle continues. \n Answer: Nuclear energy can save the consumers some money, compared to other renewable energies.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may NOT be the advantage of nuclear energy over other energy sources?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2a15e268ca4e4895b56587663d23c600",
            "input": "Article: World Wrestling Entertainment is the largest professional wrestling organization in North America. It was called World Wrestling Federation until it changed its name because of a legal dispute. Its more than one hundred wrestlers fight each other in competitive matches that are written and practiced before they are performed. Professional wrestlers are athletes but act as entertainers. They are not seeking athletic records, but instead want to excite an audience. To do this, they use unusual names and wear special clothing during wrestling matches. These wrestlers include the Stone Cold Stunner and the Undertaker. Most professional wrestling matches are between two men or two women. They fight inside an area called a ring that is separated from the audience by ropes. Each match continues until one wrestler forces the other's shoulders to the floor and holds them there for a count of three. Most World Wrestling Entertainment matches continue for only about four to seven minutes. An organization official called a promoter decides before the match who will win. But who wins and who loses is not the important thing in professional wrestling. The important thing is that the audience enjoys the pretend fight. Some wrestlers rarely win, but continue to be popular. Not all wrestling matches are between two people. Some are called tag team matches and involve teams of two, three or four wrestlers. Another kind of match is called a battle royal. It involves thirty to sixty wrestlers competing against each other. A wrestler loses when he or she is thrown out of the ring. The winner is the last wrestler still standing. \n Answer: Because maybe there was another name similar to it.",
            "output": [
                "Why did World Wrestling Federation change its name?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-37565adddc6342218fb1b85367f4cebf",
            "input": "Article: Today we are going to talk about important transition words in English.We will focus on how to usetransition words to link ideas together.Some common transition words are and,furthermore,in addition to,not to mention,and in the same way. We don't always get a second chance to achieve our dreams.But some people are lucky,like Matthew McConaughey.Once almost unknown,the actor has recently found himself back on the list of the best actors in HollywooD. His new movie Interstellar is just another sign that his career reinvention has been an incredible success.\"The film relies on McConaughey's performance to hold together the emotional story of a father and his daughter against the background of space travel and the end of the world,\"Forbes commenteD. But only years ago,the Texas native was often the butt of jokes about being too handsome.In 1993,after meeting with director Richard Linklater,McConaughey starred in Dazed and ConfuseD. And a Hollywood career was born,mostly in romantic comedies.For a long time,the whole world believed McConaughey was just a handsome guy with comic talent. But McConaughey stopped starring in that type of movie,and began to use his looks differently.Slowly he built up his reputation as a serious actor.In 2013,McConaughey was offered to play an AIDS activist in Dallas Buyers CluB. The role saw the  normally muscular actor  losing 50 pounds in order to appear sick.His performance won him an Oscar for Best Actor. The actor gave thanks to someone he has always looked up to as a hero during his Oscar acceptance speech.When he was 15,the actor said,he decided that his hero would be himself in 10 years.But 10 years later,he pushed the deadline ahead another decade.Then 10 years later,another decade.\"My hero's always 10 years away,\" he saiD. \"I'm never going to attain that.That keeps me with somebody to keep on chasing.\"Or perhaps constantly chasing the chance to be his own hero has given him a second chance to follow his dreams. \n Answer: He was limited to handsome roles.",
            "output": [
                "Why was McConaughey often the butt of jokes in his early career?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-71bc81cae32c4fb780c065cff6af6d28",
            "input": "Article: In 1989 an 8.2 earthquake almost flattened America, killing over 30,000 people in less than four minutes. A father rushed to the school where his son was supposed to be, only to discover that the building was as flat as a pancake. After the shock, he remembered the promise he had made to his son: \"No matter what happened, I'll always be there for you!\" And tears began to fill his eyes. As he looked at the pile of ruins that once was the school, it looked hopeless, but he kept remembering his promise to his son. Remembering his son's classroom would be in the back right corner of the building, he rushed there and started digging. Other parents tried to pull him off the ruins, saying: \"It's too late! _ 're all dead! You can't help!\" He replied, \"Are you going to help me now?\" The fire chief showed up and tried to pull him off the school's ruins saying, \"Fires are breaking out, explosions are happening everywhere. You're in danger. We'll take care of it. Go home.\" This loving, caring American father asked, \"Are you going to help me now?\" The police came and said, \"You're, anxious and it's over. Go home. We'll handle it!\" He replied, \"Are you going to help me now?\" No one helped. Courageously he went on alone. He dug for eight hours...12 hours...24 hours...36 hours...then, in the 38th hour, he heard his son's voice. He screamed his son's name, \"ARMAND!\" He heard back, \"Dad! It's me, Dad! You promised no matter what happened, you would always be there for me! You did it, Dad!\" \"What's going on in there? How is it?\" the father asked. \"There are 14 of us left out of 33, Dad. \" \"Come out, boy!\" \"No, Dad! Let the other kids out first, because I know you'll get me! No matter what happens, I know you'll always be there for me!\" \n Answer: Because his son was his only child.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the father keep digging?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5bcdd45fe0194f749273ee155ffb106f",
            "input": "Article: Research has shown that music has an important effect on one's body and psyche  . In fact, there is a growing field of health care known as music therapy, which uses music to treat diseases. Even hospitals are beginning to use music therapy. This is not surprising, as music affects the body and mind in many powerful ways. Research has shown that quick music can make a person feel more alert, while slow music can produce a calm, deep thinking state. Also, research has found that music can change brainwave activity levels. This can help the brain to change speeds more easily on its own as needed, which means that music can bring lasting benefits to your state of mind, even after you've stopped listening. Breathing and heart rates can also be influenced by music. This can mean slower breathing, slower heart rate. This is why music and music therapy can help reduce the damaging effects of long-term stress, greatly promoting   not only relaxation, but health. Music can also be used to bring about a more positive state of mind by helping to keep worries away. Music has also been found to bring many other benefits, such as lowering blood pressure and reducing the risk of strokes. It is no surprise that so many people are considering music as an important tool to help the body become or stay healthy. \n Answer: It is the use of music method to help treat diseases.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer about music therapy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5553f61169ee4fd3a35b6956e091e04a",
            "input": "Article: Many of us dream of having thousands and thousands of dollar to spend on what we desire We can buy lottery tickets, enter contests or spend hours building a business or invest in the stock market. We are sure that when we have plenty of money, we will be happy. While having some money does have an impact on our level of happiness, having a lot of money does not. It is reported that Americans whose income goes from $20,000 a year to $50,000 a year are more likely to be happy. But beyond $50,000, happiness does not increase as salaries go up. It is because we are never satisfied. Catherine Sanderson, a psychology professor at Amherst College says, \"We always think if we just had a little more money, we'd be happier. But when we get there, we are not.\" Daniel Gilbert, a psychology professor at Harvard notes,\"The more you make, the more you want. The more you have, the less it brings you joy. We incorrectly assume we'Il get more pleasure from more, and we don't.\" The things money can buy don't make you happy either. A lot of research suggests that you won't find the \"good life\" buying expensive \"toys\". You finally buy that BMW you've always wanted and it soon loses its appeal. Then, instead of wondering if a new car is what really makes you happy, you decide you just need a different new car. It is an endless cycle. To really be happy, you need to understand what makes you happy in the first place. One secret of happiness is people. Surveys have found that people need people. Those who have five or more close friends are 50% more likely to describe themselves as \"very happy\". Good relationships have a far greater effect on happiness than larger salary. Andrew Oswald, an economist at England's University of Warwick says, \"B you are looking for happiness in life, find the right husband or wife rather than trying to double your salary.\" So invest your time and energy in people. The reward is much bigger in terms of happiness! \n Answer: Having some money brings happiness to some degree.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements would the author agree to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5b1d69f198834a5e9c94c44789bd735b",
            "input": "Article: Why do we play sports?You might say \"to get exercise\"and you'd be right.To have fun? That's true,too.But there's more.In fact,there are at least 5 more reasons.According to the Women's Sports Foundation,girls who play sports get a lot more than just fit.     Girls who play sports do better in school.You might think that playing sports will take up all your study time.But research shows that gilrs who play sports do better in school than those who don't.Exercise improves learning,memory,and concentration,which can give active girls an advantage in the classroom.     Girls who play sports learn teamwork and goalsetting skills.Sports teach valuable life skills.When you work with coaches,trainers,and teammates to win games and achieve goals,you're learning how to be successful.Those skills will serve you well at work and in family life.     Sports are good for a girl's health.In addition to being fit and keeping a healthy weight,girls who play sports are also less likely to smoke.And later in life,gilrs who exercise are less likely to get osteoporosis .     Playing sports improves self-confidence.Girls who play sports feel better about themselves.Why?It builds confidence when you know you can practice,improve,and achieve your goals.Sports are also a feel-good activity because they help girls get in shape,keep a healthy weight,and make new friends.     Exercise cuts the pressure.Playing sports can reduce stress and help you feel a little happier.How?The brain chemicals released during exercise improve a person's mood.Friends are another mood-lifter.And being on a team creates tight bonds between friends.It's good to know your teammates will support you--both on and off the field! \n Answer: To tell us the benefits of playing sports",
            "output": [
                "What's the main purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-40c7c634ab66489ba7074b13fc9794f0",
            "input": "Article: I'm fat. I'm too skinny. I'd be happy if I were taller, shorter, had curly hair, straight hair, a smaller nose, bigger muscles, longer legs. Do any of these statements sound familiar? Do you often put yourself down? If so, you're not alone. As a teen, you're going through a ton of changes in your body. And as your body changes, so does your image   of yourself. Lots of people have trouble getting used to it and this can affect their confidence. Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. But actually all you need to do is change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself. The first thing to do is recognize that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or color it comes in. If you're very worried about your weight or size, go to your doctor to check that things are OK. But it's no one's business but your own what your body is like-finally, you have to be happy with yourself.Next, find which aspects of your appearance you can change and which you can't change and need to accept-like their height, for example, or their shoe size. If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can do this by making goals for yourself. For example, if you want to get fit, make a pan to exercise every day and eat nutritious foods. When you hear negative comments coming from within yourself, tell yourself to stop. Try building your confidence by listing three things in your day that really gave you pleasure. It can be anything like the way the sun felt on your face, the sound of your favorite band, or the way someone laughed at your jokes. \n Answer: Realize you can't change everything about yourself.",
            "output": [
                ". Which of the following does the author probably agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-550f58b7cb7a4daeafce0d877577a25f",
            "input": "Article: For those who have lonely nights and have trouble falling asleep, he is proving the ideal partner. This is a man who does not snore   in bed. And he is happy to wrap a comforting arm around his dearest until morning arrives.        He does exist. He is the body-shaped pillow, the latest sleeping aid from Japan.        This pillow comes without a head and is filled with foam. It's made by  _ and has a \"body\" and a flexible arm that can be curled around its owner.        About 1,000 of the pillows have been sold since they went on sale in Japan last year and many buyers say they are pleased with their sleeping companion.        \"This pillow makes me feel relaxed because I can hold the arm and feel something warm at my side,\" said 34-year-old radio DJ Junko Suzuki.        But according to _ , the pillow is more than just an emotional help for those tired of spending the night alone. And it is shaped, the firm says, to support its partner on both sides to ensure a night of good sleep.        The idea is to curl up in between the body and the flexible arm. The head just rests on the pillow's \"arm muscles\".        \"My grandmother used to say that there is no more comfortable pillow than another person,\" said the firm president, Tomoki Kakehashi. \"So I thought that maybe people would want to sleep on a pillow shaped like an arm.\"        The pillows, on sale only in Japan for the moment, cost 8,500 yen(around US$80) each and come with shirt-or shirt-shaped pillow covers in blue, pink or green. \n Answer: The idea of body-shaped pillow is from what an old lady said.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements isn't mentioned in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8f3a90da88543d1ad546d78dce62fc1",
            "input": "Article: British Summer Time runs from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October. In the depths of winter the nights in the UK are anything from 15-19 hours long. Longer nights mean frost and fog are more likely to form. Twice a year the clocks change, forward in the spring and then back again in the autumn. But why? It happens twice a year. We all change our clocks and watches by one hour. In the spring, we add an hour, and go onto what is called British Summer Time, while in the autumn, we do the reverse, and return to Greenwich Mean Time. Why bother? It's all to do with saving the hours of daylight, and was started by a guy called William Willett, a London builder, who lived in Petts Wood in Kent. Basically, he figured that you could improve the population's health and happiness by putting forward the clocks by twenty minutes every Sunday in April and do the opposite in September. Economics His idea was not taken up, even though a \"Daylight Saving Bill\" was introduced some five years before the outbreak of World War One. But once the war started, it was considered wise to economics, to promote greater efficiency in using daylight hours, and in the use of artificial lighting. And so in 1916, \"Daylight Saving Time\" was introduced. Even though most countries abandoned this after that war, some eventually decided that it was a good idea, and most of these nations began to keep it throughout the year. Experiment Since 1972, Britain has decided to go with Greenwich Mean Time in winter, and British Summer Time in Summer. But back in 1968, Britain tried a four-year experiment by advancing time one hour ahead of GMT throughout the year. But those living further north, particularly in Scotland, found it most unsatisfactory, with dark mornings for much of the year, and the experiment was dropped. \n Answer: All of the above.",
            "output": [
                "Why some countries decide to change the clocks after World War One?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18f4f0ecc0d8413caecaf067c214a5a3",
            "input": "Article: Superfast doubledecker   trains will be taking passengers from London to six big cities in the UK by 2033. The first phase   linking London to the West Midlands with a connection to HS1 is expected to open in 2026, and the second  phase to Manchester and Leeds in 2032. The government set out a plan for the highspeed rail network in 2012. When the project is finished, it will take less time to get to London from major cities like Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds. Traveling at a speed of up to 250 mph, passengers will be able to come and go from Birmingham to London in 49 minutes, reducing the journey time by almost half from one hour and 24 minutes. A journey from Birmingham to Leeds will be reduced from two hours to 57 minutes and a journey from Manchester to London will be reduced from two hours and 8 minutes to one hour and 8 minutes. \"HS2  is an  important  part of transport's  lowcarbon future,\" Transport  Secretary Justine Greening said. Some people aren't happy about the plan, though. HS2 will cost around PS33 billion. It will also be built near some towns and villages, disturbing the people that live there. But the Chancellor of the Exchequer   George Osborne thinks it will help build the future for Britain. \"It's a longterm decision,\" he said. HS2 is designed for everything around the needs of the passengers. It will provide a new and exciting travel experience. There will be plenty of room, intelligent ticketing, a good service and high quality comfort and access to trains. This is a transport network for the new century and beyond. \n Answer: To collect PS33 billion for the highspeed train network.",
            "output": [
                "What's the UK's plan according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f8b0bd05a40e42bbb67dd3714dc265b7",
            "input": "Article: At present, in many American cities especially, many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid. They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver, which often pay more to start than of a teacher. In many other fields, such as law, medicine, computer science, a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years. Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries. It is by history a profession that has provided rewards in addition to money--the satisfaction of sharing knowledge, of influencing others, of guiding young people. But in the past several years, there are more difficulties in teaching, for many, than there are rewards. Unruly students, especially in big cities, large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession. As a result, many of the best students, who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past, are going into other fields. Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States. Until the late 1960s and 1970s, one of the most popular choices for women was teaching. But as other professions, such as law and medicine opened up to women, women stopped pouring into teacher training programs. Thus, a major pool of excellent candidates for the teaching profession dwindled. Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered. They talked about change. But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy. People's attitudes have formed over many years, and sometimes change takes many years. \n Answer: Teachers work harder and get underpaid.",
            "output": [
                "What is the present situation of the teaching?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c0d08167fc76435dac1461f5dca3397d",
            "input": "Article: As a young man, Paul Beier hiked in the mountains of California. Since then, he has decided to choose his career as a wildlife protector. He went to school to learn more first of all. After he earned his doctor's degree, he eagerly signed up for a job studying cougars  , which once lived throughout the United States, but now live mainly in the Rocky Mountains and westward. They need not only a lot of land to survive but also plenty of food and places to raise their young. But many wild areas have been divided by freeways and taken over by towns. The small wilderness areas of the Santa Ana Mountains in Southern California didn't have much room for them. And yet a few still lived there. How did they do it? Many big animals are disappearing. Those that survive are being trapped in shrinking patches of habitat. A patch may not have enough space or food for a cougar to survive. Scientists wondered if cougars could move from one patch to another. If so, maybe humans could preserve wildlife corridors to connect the patches, providing enough room for the animals. But no one had shown that animals use wildlife corridors in real life. To see if cougars had found corridors through local suburbs and freeways, Paul and his research team studied 32 cougars for five years. They used a drug to make each cat sleep, buckled a radio collar around its neck, and let it go. Every day, Paul used an electrical device that sends and receives radio signals to find cougars, listening for radio beeps from their collars. Once or twice a week, he trailed one of the cougars all night. He traced their travels on a map. Sure enough, some of them had discovered paths from one small park land to the next. One cougar became famous for his travels. He was named M6:\"M\"for Male, and\"6\"because he was the sixth one collared in the study. M6's corner of the Santa Ana Mountains wasn't large enough for him. Chino Hills State Park was not far away, but the trip was not safe. After dark, M6 used a paved vehicle underground passage to cross undera busy eight-lane freeway. He slipped by a riding stable, and then picked his way through a golf course and across two sets of busy railroad tracks. Finally, he arrived in the sheltered canyons of 12,000-acre Chino Hills State Park. There, the cougar found deer to hunt. During a year and a half, the scientists recorded M6 making this journey 22 times! Then Paul learned of plans to build houses, gas stations, and a mall that would block M6's path. Paul once said,\"The loss of this corridor would guarantee the extinction of the cougar from the Chino Hills and endanger the entire population of lions in the Santa Ana Mountains.\"A local citizens' group called Hills for Everyone raised money to buy the land and add it to the state park. When the group visited the state capital and showed the map that Paul had made of M6's journeys, the lawmakers saw how important the corridor was. The lawmakers had the passage preserved, with the pavement removed and with native bushes near the openings. While traffic roared above, M6 and other cougars could move safely between the state park and the mountains. Other animals such as deer, foxes, and bobcats could also use the corridor. Paul's research showed that wildlife corridors can save animals. Since his study in the Santa Ana Mountains, scientists around the world have begun restoring and protecting wildlife corridors. \n Answer: Their habitats had been becoming smaller.",
            "output": [
                "What had happened to cougars before Paul began to study them?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cb55c30a991f4d22af6f18292550ba13",
            "input": "Article: What's your opinion on spicy food? Some people cannot handle even the smallest amount of chili  in their dinner while others can't get enough of it. Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love chili and others _ it. Plenty of research has been done on the subject, dating as far back as the 1970s. Previous results showed that a love of chili is related to childhood experiences, and cultural influences affect our taste buds, too. But the latest study has found that a person's love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality more than anything else, CBC News reported. \"We have always assumed that liking drives intake---we eat what we like and we like what we eat. But no one has actually directly bothered to connect these personality traits with intake of chili peppers,\" said Professor John Hayes from Pennsylvania State University, who led the study. But before you look at the study, you should first know that \"spicy\" is not a taste, unlike sour, sweet, bitter and salty. It is, in fact, a burning sensation that you feel on the surface of your tongue. This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by people's longing for thrill, something they usually get from watching action movies or riding a roller coaster. In the study, 97 participants, both male and female, were asked to fill out questionnaires about certain traits of their personality, for example. Whether they like new experiences or tend to avoid risks. They were then given cups of water with capsaicin , the plant chemical that makes chili burn, mixed into them. By comparing the answers to questionnaires and what participants said they felt about the spicy water. Researchers found that those who most tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water. Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason some people can withstand spicy food is that their tongue have become less sensitive to it. However, this latest study has found otherwise. It's not that it doesn't burn as badly, it's that you actually learn to like the burn,\" Hayes explained. \n Answer: People are wrong to treat spicy as a kind of taste rather than a feeling.",
            "output": [
                "What did Professor John Hayes and his team discover from their study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-435ed467411e42bcb8ddf58be54eeb4a",
            "input": "Article: Almost every day we come across situations in which we have to make decisions one way or another. Choice, we are given to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to get, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, a false idea created by companies and advertisers hoping to sell their products. The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people's life. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted. Recent studies in England have shown that many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed. More difficult decision-making is then either avoided or trusted into the hands of the professionals, lifestyle instructors, or advisors. It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new types of products come on the market. Advances in design and production help quicken the process. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. This indeed makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing: no choice, no anxiety. \n Answer: Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice.",
            "output": [
                "Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3653afe1a6384f4e921c1d7b8441f7b2",
            "input": "Article: World travel has moved on to a new level as new websites spring up to enable travelers to plan their trips online. Virtual tourism is the latest name of the game and although relatively new, has seen some tourism websites grow to host over one-million users. Typically, this development features a website that contains the answers to almost any tourism question.Tips and information are not provided by a single source, such as the website host, but rather from travelers themselves-often in the thousands. This has proven to be exceptionally beneficial for would-be travelers who are seeking infomtation on questions such as where to find the best museum or beach; whether it is better to tour Brussels with a bicycle or on foot; and which exchange rate bureaus are available in Italy. Questions about food and restaurants; tourist spots; safety; accommodation; and others are all answered. In addition, posted tips promote better preparation, such as what to pack when heading for Sicily . Apart from the useful tips, visual images and virtual tours have also been made available.If you'd like to visit the Eiffel Tower, it's a good idea to view the surrounding areas; to pick a safer train route; or to know that it's very close to the Seine River and that a walk along it would enhance the experience. Virtual tours have _ globally.In South Africa, John Gore established the Virtual Tour Guide in November last year. On his blog, Gore was quoted a saying,  \"The world is panoramic . \"'We are able to tum our heads and look in all directions and get a feel for where we are, but the typical photograph cannot show or describe that experience completely. \" However, there is an answer--technology makes it possible to share the world around us in a 360 degree panoramic way, which really makes the viewer feel as though he or she is really there. \n Answer: Many new websites appear and develop fast.",
            "output": [
                "Why is virtual tourism more and more popular?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-39a4271dcac444e4a8c788d11f83a4d8",
            "input": "Article: When I was young, my mother didn't have the money to send me to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with education. So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself. But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning. We need every one of you to develop your talents and your skills so that you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems. If you quit on school--you're not just quitting on yourself, you're quitting on your country. No one's written your destiny for you, because you write your own destiny. You make your own future. That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education and do everything you can to meet them. Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending some time reading a book. But whatever you decide to do, I want you to commit to it. I want you to really work at it. I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work--that your ticket to success is through rapping or basketball or being a reality TV star. No one's born being good at all things. You become good at things through hard work. You're not a good athlete the first time you play a new sport. You don't hit every note the first time you sing a song. You've got to practice. \n Answer: To offer help to the old people who have difficulties.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer want everyone to do by improving their talents and skills?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d372fbf617fb4dc9bfdec523ec66f22b",
            "input": "Article: Miya volunteered abroad in Costa Rica with World Endeavors assisting at an orphanage and teaching English at a school. As a freshman at Yale University, Miya had plans to go to medical school.Knowing that her next two summers would be occupied doing research, Miya decided to go abroad the summer after her freshman year.\"I wanted to improve my command of the Spanish language and learn about the culture and history of another country,\" she explained.In the summer of 2014, Miya volunteered for six weeks in the World Endeavors program in Atenas, Costa Rica, working in an orphanage and teaching English to children in grades one through six. \"A long time before I left, I had positive expectations for the trip,\" said Miya.But as the date grew closer she found herself getting more and more nervous.\"I thought, what if my host family doesn't like me? What if I get sick?\" Her fears, as fears often are, turned out to be unfounded.\"The people were so supportive and loving,\" said Miya.\"I felt like I was part of the family.\" Miya's host family had a large network of cousins who all lived within shouting distance. The family would cook together, and at night would go dancing, talk or eat ice cream.She noted that the World Endeavors staff on location--Diego and Mercedes, and Mercedes' husband and daughter -were particularly helpful, taking her right to her neighborhood from the airport, and checking up periodically to make sure everything was going well. While her nights were spent dancing, cooking, and talking with her host family, Miya's days were occupied with the children of her host city.\"I would teach in the morning, and work in the orphanage in the afternoon,\" said Miya, whose placements were within walking distance from her host family.While the children were a lot of work, Miya felt a strong connection to the kids in the orphanage. Miya noted that Costa Rica is one of the more developed countries in Central America. A nearby Internet cafe, for example, helped her to stay in touch with her family while she was away.And now, back in the United States, the Internet helps her keep in touch with her host family.Their correspondence continues in Spanish.And her host parents, Rosario and Jorge, recently sent Miya a Christmas card through the mail. Back at school, Miya continues to pursue her instinct to improve education through volunteering. She participates in a mentoring group and works on a community health education program for high school students.Her time in Costa Rica, she says, \"fits right into my interests in global health.\" \n Answer: It is a program to help people do voluntary job.",
            "output": [
                "What is World Endeavors?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5022025fe064420b8a534d79530b0d69",
            "input": "Article: Scientists in Argentina have created the world's first cow to own two human genes that will enable it to produce human-like milk, which is matchless up to now. It is a breakthrough in the area of clone. Genetic engineering was used to introduce the \"mothers' milk\" genes into the animal before birth, according to the National Institute of Agribusiness Technology in Buenos Aires. As an adult, the cloned cow \"will produce milk that is similar to humans\" in what will prove \"a development of great importance for the nutrition of infants\", it said in a statement. \"The cloned cow, named Rosita ISA, is the first one born in the world that owns two human genes that contain the proteins present in human milk,\" the statement said. In April, scientists in China published details of research showing that they had created GM Holstein dairy cows which produced milk containing proteins found in human breast milk. But the Argentine team says the Chinese only introduced one human gene, whereas their research involved two genes meaning the milk will more closely resemble that of humans. Rosita ISA was born on April 6 and was delivered by Caesarean section because she weighed around 100 pounds, roughly twice the normal weight of Jersey cows. Adrian Mutto, from the National University of San Martin said \"Our goal was to raise nutritional value of cows' milk by adding two human genes, the protein lactoferrin and lysozyme, which can provide newly-born babies with anti-bacterial and anti-viral protection.\" Cristina Kirchner, President of Argentina, said that the scientific institute \"makes all proud.\" She also revealed that she had rejected the \"honor\" of having the cow named after her. \"They came to tell me that the name is Cristina, but what woman would like to have a cow named after her? It appeared to me to be more appropriate to call it Rosita.\" \n Answer: Its milk has larger nutritional value than others'.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about Rosita ISA according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-15fb4ceece99405f91e41688ec7544fc",
            "input": "Article: William H. Gates is chairperson and chief software architect of Microsoft Corporation.the  worldwide  leader in software  services  and  internet technologies for personal and business computing.     Bill Gates was born on October 28.1 955 in a family having rich business,political and community service background.His great--grandfather was a state legislator and a mayor,his grandfather was vice president of national bank and his father was a lawyer.     Bill strongly believes in hard work. He believes that if you are intelligent and know how to apply your intelligence,you can achieve anything.From childhood Bill was ambitious, intelligent and competitive.These qualities helped him to attain top position in the profession he chose.1n school,he had an excellent record in mathematics and science.Bill's parents came to know their son's  intelligence and decided to send him to a private school,known for its good academic environment.It was a very important decision in Bill Gates' life where he was first introduced to a computer.Bill Gates and his friends were very much interested in computer and formed \"programmer's Group\" in late l968.     Later,Bill Gates and his close friend Allen started a new company of their own,Traf-O-Data.They developed a small computer to measure traffic flow.From this project they earned around$20,000.In 1973.he left home for Harvard University.He did well over there,but he couldn't find it interesting.He spent many long nights in front of the school's computer and the next day asleep in class.   Within a year.Bill Gates dropped out from Harvard.Then he formed Microsoft.Microsoft's vision is\" A computer on every desk and Microsoft software on every computer\".His belief in high intelligence and hard work has put him where he is today.He does not believe in mere luck,but just hard work and competitiveness.     Bill Gates is not a greedy person.In fact,he is quite a giving person when it comes to computers,internet and any kind of funding.Several years ago, he visited Chicago's Einstein Elementary School and announced grants benefiting Chicago's schools and museums where he donated a total of $1 1 0,000,a bunch of computers,and provided internet connectivity to a number of schools.Secondly,Bill Gates donated 38 million dollars for the building of a computer institute at Stanford University.Gates has decided to give away 95%of all his earnings when he retires. \n Answer: 52.",
            "output": [
                "How old was Bill Gates when he retired from Microsoft in late June of 2008?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b3be4c0b94f94ed088083f7d095fec78",
            "input": "Article: I liked most of my teachers in college. They were, for the most part, friendly and competent, willing to help students. I liked them--but I don't remember them very well, except for Mr. Jones, my senior English teacher. He was an enthusiastic, sensitive man, who knew his subject and was determined that we would learn it and love it, too.  Mr. Jones was a tall, slim man in his midforties. Put precariously  on his nose, his glasses gave him a serious look. But they didn't remain there long, for he was always taking them off and polishing them and putting them in his mouth when he thought over a response to a student's question. When he walked into class, he was always carrying two or three books with strips of paper sticking out of them, marking passages he planned to read. I remember, too, the cardigan sweaters--he must have had a dozen of them. On rainy days he substituted a blue raincoat for the sweater. But what I remember best was his smile. When he smiled, his whole face lit up. His smile made you feel good, at ease.  Yet though he was friendly with people, he was a bit formal in class, and he could be firm on occasion. He never called us by our first names. He obviously loved his work and liked his students, but he kept his distance. He never deliberately embarrassed a student in front of the class with an ironic remark, but he could communicate his displeasure all right. He'd look steadily at the offending student for a few seconds. That was usually enough, but if it didn't work, he'd say something to the student in a lowered tone of voice. He didn't do this often, though.  Mr. Jones' personality and passion made him popular, but what I liked most about him was that he was a fine teacher. Yes, he cared about students, but he cared more about teaching them his subject. And that meant homework, lots of it, and pop quizzes now and then to keep them reading. He lectured occasionally to provide background information whenever we moved on to a new literary period. After a brief glance at his notes, he'd begin to move around as he talked--to the blackboard, to the window, back to the platform. But he preferred discussions. He'd write several questions on the board for the next day's discussion, and he'd expect you to be prepared to discuss them. He directed the discussion, but he didn't control it; he was a good listener and made sure we all had a chance to respond, whether we wanted to or not. If he was pleased with a response, he'd nod his head and smile. Occasionally he'd read a student's essay, praising its good points. But he was toughminded, too, as I suggested before. He really nailed you for careless work or inattention.  When you got an A from him, you really felt good, for he wasn't an easy grader. We used to complain about his grading standards, usually in vain, though he would change a grade if he thought the had been unfair.  We had many interesting discussions about Twain, Crane, and Dreiser, as I recall, but his favorite period was the 1920's. He loved the expatriates : Anderson, Cummings, Hemingway, Fitzgerald.  He was always bringing in books for us to read, but when he got to this period, he was a walking library, I think he'd read every book ever written by or about Hemingway and Fitzgerald in the twenties. Yes, Mr. Jones was a fine teacher all right: he knew his subject.  But more than that, he made us want to continue to read it and study it on our own. \n Answer: He didn't criticize them in public.",
            "output": [
                "How did Mr. Jones deal with naughty students?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c337c794a33f4a76a79f58da0c50c167",
            "input": "Article: If you talk about a dog's life, go to Beijing to see the pampered  dogs. Dogs clipped, dressed up, washed and dried. Here, it's the owners who go to obedience  school, and these people pay almost a thousand US dollars a month to learn how to properly care for their pets. Dogs are hot in Beijing, a symbol of a new middle-class family. Dogs or pets can take the place of children, even husbands. Qin Lu, 23-year-old dog owner, certainly thinks her dog makes some more loyal partner. She's spending 1,300 yuan, that's almost 200 US dollars a month, sending her dog to the training school. Think about it, almost half her monthly salary as a secretary. Personally, if I have a dog, I want to give it the very best of everything. Otherwise, I wouldn't have a dog. Before we get too sentimental, though, other dogs in China have a far more grisly  fate, many still destined  for the dinner table, dog meat, a popular delicacy . But appetites are changing. What was once for the eating is now for the treating. Beijing alone is home to more than a million dogs. Owners spend an average 25 dollars a month on pets. Do the math. Dogs are big business. Ning Wei who runs this obedience school on the outskirts of Beijing said. \"It has been open for almost three years. There are many dogs. And now we are opening another branch.\" As their owners embrace everything western, so too, are the dogs. Ning Wei's specializing in producing a new breed of bilingual puppies. Yes, dogs that understand Chinese and now English. \"I'm going to do a test now to see if it understands both English and Chinese effectively, if its Chinese is better than my English, and if its English is better than my Chinese.\" \n Answer: He is a businessman who runs a school.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about Ning Wei from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3ec332e43da1485d83913f1a151bbdba",
            "input": "Article: Many kids turn up their noses at the thought of eating fish because, well, it can smell \"fishy\".  While it is usually a healthy source of protein in the diet, there may be several reasons to avoid biting into a forkful of fish. Before you break out the tartar sauce, learn some facts about fish to keep yourself and the environment healthy. Some fish may contain harmful chemicals, which can be the result of both natural causes and water pollution. Mercury is a poisonous chemical, which occurs naturally in oceans and the Earth's crust, but also comes from man-made sources, such as pesticides, burning garbage, and the releasing of fossil fuels. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a group of chemicals, can also be found in some fish. These dangerous man-made chemicals were used in many industries until 1977, when they were banned.  PCBs were released or leaked into the air and water and have been transported around the globe. How do mercury and PCBs end up in fish and the food supply? When they are released into the air, they attach themselves to particles. These particles settle on the ground and in the water and are eventually eaten by microscopic organisms. Small fish eat the micro-organisms, and large fish eat the small fish and on up the food chain. Because they can negatively affect your health, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency advises that kids younger than 15 years old avoid fish that contain high levels of mercury and PCBs. These include shark, swordfish, king mackerel, and tilefish. There are also many types of fish that are good for you, but because of overfishing are in danger of being wiped out. Some are being fished in the wild so much that they cannot reproduce fast enough to survive. Others are being farmed in ways that are not environmentally friendly. These fish include red snapper, Atlantic salmon, blue-fin tuna, and king crab. Despite these problems, there are several fish that are both healthy and sustainable, such as Alaskan salmon, American catfish, Pacific cod, and several farm-raised fish and shellfish. \n Answer: Mercury and PCBs--particles -- organisms-- fish -- food supply",
            "output": [
                "How do mercury and PCBs come to our food supply?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-658269f457df414ab6e81f5c0ddf83fc",
            "input": "Article: I'm a Chinese student studying in Canada. I have been a boarder  with the Carsons for more than a year and a half.     The Carsons live in their own house, which has four bedrooms including the one in the basement  which I live in. Judy does all the work in the house and Andrew is responsible for the work in the garden. When they go out in they evening, they often ask me to look after their children.     Judy's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Morris, lived in another city. Judy was their only child and naturally they doted on Judy's children. They often sent the children presents.     Last April Mr. Morris died. Now that Mrs. Morris was quite alone, I expected that Judy would want her to come and live with them. One day, Margaret, Judy's daughter, told me grandma was coming to live with them and her daddy and mummy would want my room back. The news didn't surprise me and the next day I went to Judy and asked her about it. I said I couldn't think of living in their basement room any longer if it was needed for Mrs. Morris. Judy seemed surprised at first. Then she told me there was no deed for me to move, for they hadn't yet come to any decision about her mother coming to live with them. \"Naturally I'm worried about my mother. She has been in poor health.\" She smiled sadly and added. \"To be honest, Andrew and my mother have never got on well. We'll wait a bit and see what happens. Perhaps Mohter will be all right living herself, or perhaps they will both change their minds.\"     That was six months ago. During this time I've heard that Mrs. Morris has had two illnesses and that her health has got worse. A nursing home was mentioned once but Mrs. Morris refused to go there. So up to now she's still living alone and I'm still living in the basement room. \n Answer: He is a student who pays to live and have meals at the Carsons' house.",
            "output": [
                "What is the relationship between the speaker and the Carsons?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-799c9ba2e6424f7ba2437aaacc77050b",
            "input": "Article: What are you feeling right now as you start to read this? Are you curious? Hoping that you'll learn something about yourself? Bored because this is something you have to do for school and you're not really into it -- or happy because it's a school project you enjoy? Perhaps you're attracted by something else, like feeling excited about your weekend plans or sad because you just went through a breakup. Emotions like these are part of human nature. They give us information about what we're experiencing and help us know how to react. We sense our emotions from the time we're babies. Young children react to their emotions with facial expressions or with actions like laughing or crying. They feel and show emotions, but they don't yet have the ability to name the emotion or say why they feel that way. As we grow up, we become more skilled in understanding emotions. Instead of just reacting like little kids do, we can identify  what we feel and put it into words. With time and practice, we get better at knowing what we are feeling and why. This skill is called emotional awareness. Emotional awareness helps us know what we need and want, or don't want! It helps us build better relationships. That's because being aware of our emotions can help us talk about feelings more clearly, avoid or settle conflicts  better, and move past difficult feelings more easily. Some people are naturally more in touch with their emotions than others. The good news is that everyone can be more aware of their emotions. It just takes practice. But it's worth the effort. Emotional awareness is the first step toward building emotional intelligence, a skill that can help people succeed in life. \n Answer: With gestures of different kinds.",
            "output": [
                "How do young children react to emotions?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9512f78b282b4a20a1ba103f761017e3",
            "input": "Article: I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to conduct two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died \"full of years,\" as the Bible would say; both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence   calls on the two families on the same afternoon.  At the first home, the son of the dead woman said to me, \"If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It's my fault that she died.\" At the second home, the son of the other dead woman said, \"If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the abrupt change of climate, was more than she could take. It's my fault that she's dead.\"  When things don't turn out as we would like them to, it is very tempting to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Priests  know that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course - keeping Mother at home, delaying the operation would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?  There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.  The second element is the concept that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. Psychologists speak of the infantile  myth of omnipotence  . A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and orders the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that infantile concept that our wishes cause things to happen. \n Answer: They lived out a natural life.",
            "output": [
                "What is said about the two dead elderly women?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-64da83690127443aa4c53fe495e6ceb3",
            "input": "Article: According to a recent article in The Wall Street Journal, we might all be braggarts  in this competitive society addicted to social networking. Take a close look at your socialnetworking sites. Do you like to post photos of yourself in restaurants to show others what an exciting life you have? Or do you like to write about how happily in love you are? Or perhaps you are of the subtle type who constantly complain about jobs but really just want to impress others with your important position. According to the results of a series of experiments conducted by Harvard University neuroscientists , the reward areas of our brain----the same areas that respond to \"primary rewards\" such as food ----are activated when we talk about ourselves. We devote between 30 to 40 percent of our conversation time to doing just that. Unfortunately, Bernstein says, some people can't tell the difference between sharing positive information that others might actually want to know and direct bragging. She suggests that bragging involves comparison, whether stated or implied. \"We are expected to be perfect all the time. The result is that more and more people are carefully managing their online images\". says Elizabeth Bernstein, a columnist with the Wall Street Journal. But the issue is not limited to the Internet. In a fiercely competitive job market we must sell ourselves on multiple platforms and show that we are better than others. In fact, we have become so accustomed to bragging that we don't even realize we are doing it, says Bernstein. This is harmful to our relationships and puts people off. Bernstein talked to some experts who said that people brag for all sorts of reasons: to appear worthy of attention; to prove to ourselves we are doing fine and that people who said we would fail are wrong; or simply because we're excited when good things happen to us. \"Feel sorry for them, because they're doing this unconscious, destructive thing that won't help them in the long run,\" said Professor Simian Valier, a research psychologist at Washington University. \n Answer: They don't pay much attention to their online image.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is one of the features of braggarts?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-714c1ede9c9244ddb5c6bde5b479d8f2",
            "input": "Article: Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive  areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.     People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind. Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging in the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. \"The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize large amounts of information,\" says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute of Ageing. \"Most of us don't need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness.\" Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work. Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. \"The point is, you need to do both,\" Cohen says. Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size. \n Answer: The importance of mental activities in the efficiency of the brain.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-793f0a2f465141fb9f07bbe37245028d",
            "input": "Article: SmartWR PENS is your No. 1 source for promotional pens, advertising pens, and logo   pens. We have been in business since 1976, so you can be confident that you're dealing with a trusted name in the industry.  Everyone loves a free pen, and by providing your customers with a pen featuring your company name, logo, or message, you can be sure that your company name will always be on their mind! Our custom imprinting service comes at no extra charge, so the price you see is the price you pay for the personalized pens.  Do you need pens fast? In a RUSH for trade shows or a company events? Try our 48 hour promotional pens rush service free of charge. We present you with many styles and types of printed pen. Let us know which promotional pen you like and within 48 hours you will have the pens.  Want to use the traditional method of promotional pens to reach out to customers, but don't want to cause more damage to the environment? SmartWR PENS now offers eco-friendly advertising pens to suit any company's promotional needs. SmartWR PENS can confidently offer products which are made from eco-friendly materials, including paper, cardboard, cornstarch, pine, bamboo and even recycled plastic water bottles. SmartWR PENS offers a selection of eco-friendly retractable and stick-type ballpoint pens, mechanical pencils and highlighters, all for less than $2.00 each. Imprinting of logos and company information is available in sixteen different color1s. Each pen has the universal recycling symbol printed on it, showing clients the company's commitment to the environment. Feel free to call us at 8447367 or email us info@SmartWRPENS.com if you have any questions. \n Answer: It has a history of over 30 years.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about SmartWR PENS?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2e560962d44d406ba848b038814e8aee",
            "input": "Article: The silent young woman in bed number six is called Jasmine. So am I, but names are only superficial things, floats on the surface of the water, and we share deeper connections than that. That is why she fascinates me--why I spend my off-duty time sitting beside her.        Today is difficult. The ward   is full of patients and I am kept busy emptying bed-pans, filling out forms, changing dressings. Finally, late in the afternoon, I get a few moments to make coffee, to take it over to the orange plastic chair beside her bed. I am thankful to be off my feet, glad to be in her company once again.        \"Hello, Jasmine,\" I say, as if greeting myself.        She does not reply. Jasmine never replies. She is down too deep.        She has been sea-damaged. I too am the daughter of a fisherman, so I choose my words like fish-hooks, cast them into her ears, imagine them sinking down through cold, dark water. Down to wherever she may be.        \"I have little time today,\" I tell her, touching her hair.        With Jasmine, it is always difficult not to touch. She is that rare thing, a truly beautiful woman. Because of this, people invent reasons to walk by. I catch them looking, drinking her in, feeding on her. They are barracuda  , all of them.        Great beauty is something Jasmine and I do not share. I am glad of it.        \"Your father may be here soon,\" I say. \"Last week he said he would come.\"        Jasmine says nothing. Her left eyelid flickers, perhaps.        It is two months since the incident on her father's fishing boat, since she fell overboard, sank, became entangled in the nets. It was some time before anyone noticed, then there was panic. Her father hauled her back on board and sailed for home. When he finally arrived, he carried ashore what he thought was his daughter's body.        \"Jasmine,\" I whisper. I want her to take our baited   name. I want her to swallow it.        Fortunately, there was a doctor in the village that morning, a young man visiting  s. It was he who brought this drowned woman back from the brink, he who told me her story. She opened her eyes, he said, looked up at her father and spoke a single word--then sank again, this time into coma.        Barracuda. That is what Jasmine said.        When her father visits, he touches her hair, kisses her cheek, sits in the orange plastic chair at the side of her bed and holds her hand. Like my own father, he has the big, brown, life-roughened hands of a fisherman. He too smells of the sea, and pretends he is a good, simple man.        Jasmine. We share so much, we are almost one.        I remember early mornings, my hair touched to wake me, my father lifting me half-asleep from my bed, carrying me, dropping me into his boat. His voice rough in my ear, his hands rough on my skin. I never wanted to go, but I was just a child. He did as he wished.        I remember salt water, hot sun, my mother shrinking on the shore. I remember the rocking of the boat, the screams of the seagulls.        \"Jasmine, you have a life inside you. Can't you hear it calling?\"        Nothing.        The ward door bangs, and I see Jasmine's father walking towards us, carrying flowers. He smiles at me. Even in death, my own child had my father's smile, and Jasmine's will have this man's. I know it.  He stops by her bed and touches her hair. Something stirs deep inside me. I watch Jasmine's eyelids, waiting for her to bite. \n Answer: Jasmine's father is very pitiful.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author show special sympathy for Jasmine?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6641629139e24ae48edf2a20c32138dd",
            "input": "Article: Robert A.Heinlein was considered one of American's \"Big Three\"western science fiction   authors,along with Issac Asimov and Arthur C.Clarke.He was born in a family of seven   children in 1907,attended public school in Kansas City,and graduated from Central High   School in 1924.In 1929 he graduated from fhe U.S.Naval Academy at Annapolis,and served   as all officer in the Navy.This experience had a strong influence on his character and writing.At the age of thirty-two,he turned his hand to writing science fiction.     Heinlein's first published stories appeared in the action-adventure magazine Astounding   Science Fiction in 1939.Under his influence writers started to examine how technology might   affect the everyday lives of ordinary people,and society in general.     Heinleiu's early works emphasized adventure,and were aimed at young readers.In 1959   he received the Boy's Clubs of American Book Award.In these novels Heintein avoided open   didacticism ,although his main characters learned lessons in courage and tolerance.Beginning in the late 1950s,Heinlein started to write specially for adults,and to deal with such topics as cloning,religion,and free love.     Heinlein produced fifty novels and collections of short stories during his career.One of his best-known works is the novel Stranger in a Strange Land,published inl961.A few years later it was adopted by the\"Peace and Love\"generation,and became the most successful       science-fiction novel ever published.Glory Road(1963),written in the tradition of Edgar Rice   Burroughs's Mars stories,is another of his most popular works.       Within the framework of his science fiction stories,Heinlein repeatedly addressed such   social themes as the importance of self-confidence and the duties each person owes to the   society.In his fiction,Heinlein coined words that have become part of the English language,  including\"grok\"and\"waldo\".He also described a modern version of a \"waterbed\"in his novel The Door Into Summer and several of his works have been adapted for film and television. \n Answer: Early works were popular among young readers.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about Heinlein's works?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2bb4023dd13473a862751969e0a556a",
            "input": "Article: Why do 33% of the households in the USA have cats? And how do you explain why there are 16 million more pet cats than dogs? Yes, kittens are adorable  .Yes, they can grow up to be good mousers and are very entertaining to watch.And yes, cats are independent and don't require as much care as dogs.But research shows cats can also be caretakers for us and our families, improve our health and teach us and our children to be kinder, gentler souls. Theodora Wesselman is 94 and has lived the past two years with her elderly cat, Cleo, at TigerPlace, a retirement community in Columbia, Mo.Their enduring friendship is a classic example of how humans and animals can become family and look out for each other. Wesselman visits other residents, and her children stop by, but Cleo is her best friend, she says.They've been together nearly 21 years. \"She sleeps on her own pillow right beside mine,\" Wesselman says.\"In the morning, she pecks on my cheek to wake me up.It's really sweet.I pet her, tell her I love her and take her to the kitchen to prepare her food.\" Research shows that being able to care for a pet improves our morale (;), helps validate us and encourages us to take care of ourselves, says Rebecca Johnson, director of the University of Missouri's Research Center for Human-Animal Interaction.The body of research is leading more retirement communities and universities _ . \n Answer: Between para.4 and para.5",
            "output": [
                "According to the context, where do you think the sentence \"They start and end the day together\" should appear in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-263cb7b5e844454585e57efee04210b2",
            "input": "Article: The Teens & Self-Image survey organized by USA WEEKEND attracted an unprecedented  272,400. The majority of teens say they feel good about themselves, but many express misgivings  about who they are, especially about their appearance.     The results show that looks are key. Only 4 in 10 respondents consider themselves attractive. Half the girls want to lose weight. It is found that problems typically associated with girls are now becoming more visible in boys. Teen respondents believe good looks matter when it comes to personal achievement, specifically making friends, winning the respect of others, and succeeding in life.     Teens find lots of imperfections. Almost 85 percent cite ways they'd like to improve. After losing weight and toning up , the top three are their grades, doing better in sports, and having a better relationship with their parents. Only 15 percent like themselves \"the way I am.\"     Faith is central in many students' everyday lives. When asked about the most important influence in their lives, survey respondents picked religion second only to their parents.     Depression is common. More than half say they occasionally are \"really depressed\"; 1 in 5 often feel despondent . And 1 in 3 have friends who have talked about or actually tried to commit suicide--the third leading cause of death among 15 to 24-year-olds. Last year, about 2,000 teens committed suicide, and the rate of adolescent suicide has greatly increased in the past 10 years, studies show.     Teens show a healthy self-respect. Asked to choose from a list of qualities, 8 in 10 say they are kind, 3 in 4 say they are honest, and 7 in 10 say they have a good sense of humor. Slightly more than 6 in 10 say they are smart, self-confident or creative. Least admired of a dozen qualities they were asked to rank: being popular, rich or tough. \n Answer: Self-image of American Teenagers",
            "output": [
                "Which one of the following is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-81af7c67da884abc8d55ddb63ea39e42",
            "input": "Article: Sitting in front of the television may be relaxing, but spending too much time in front of the TV may take years off your life.    That's what Australian researchers found when they collected TV viewing information from more than 11,000 people older than 25 years. The study found that people who watches an average six hours of TV a day lived an average 4.8 years less than those who didn't watch any television .Also ,every hour of TV that participants watched after age 25 was associated with a 22-minute reduction in their life expectancy . It's no mystery that sitting in front of the TV isn't exactly healthy. The more TV you watch, the less physically active you are. And the less exercise you get, the more likely you are to develop disease such as diabetes or hear problems.   Lennert Veerman is the lead author of the study ,which was published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine .Working at the University of Queesland, Veerman acknowledges that it may not just be the sedentary  nature of watching TV that lowers life expectancy,but also the poor diet that onscreen junk-food advertising can promote. But Veerman says that association between watching too much TV and lower life expectancy exists, even after adjusting for diet.   Veerman says that it might make sense for doctors to start asking their patients about how much time they spend in front of the TV, and to treat TV time as they would be other risk factors for poor health, such as lack of exercise and an unhealthy diet.       Veerman points out that people who are concerned can simply turn off the TV and get off the couch. \"Exercise is good,\" he says, \"but even light physical activity also improves health.\" \n Answer: Watching too much TV can decrease your life time.",
            "output": [
                "Which of following is the conclusion of the research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cbf50df6a03f4abba44848f5a0647d67",
            "input": "Article: There is one type of illness in the world that affects more people than anything else and is very deadly. If untreated this illness could affect everything you do. What is this illness? Depression. Serious depression requires professional treatment. Self-induced depression is something each of us can change. Everyone's circumstances are different, but the causes of self-induced depression are common: low self-esteem, hurtful thinking and a bad attitude. So how can we change the way we think, feel, and cultivate a cheerful attitude? First we must look at ourselves, truly and honestly examining our motives for what we wish to achieve. If you are dissatisfied because you feel you haven't or can't do anything, then one step is needed - to set goals. Always start your goals relatively small and easy to attain. Think of them as sand; one grain may be insignificant but as a group they form the beach. Once you have set and attained small goals for yourself, move on to slightly larger, more challenging goals. It takes more than just setting goals to be happy. It takes positive thinking. How can we attain this? There are a number of factors that can make us think negatively and one of those is diet. In my opinion, a person who eats a lot of take out and fast food is feeding their body junk. Start by eating better foods which give the body much NEEDED minerals. If your physical body is happy, it's much easier for your mental body or \"thinking ability\" to be happy. Next, exercise. A half-hour a day is recommended for positive well being. Then think about good memories you had, or generally think of things that make you smile. Remember, everything you wear costs money but to wear a smile is free. A smile can be the difference between an average day and a great day. If you follow these steps, positive change is inevitable. \n Answer: Those who suffer from depression live in similar circumstances.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the statements about depression is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-67f220419573429ebcab1ad11a2ecc38",
            "input": "Article: On Tuesday, the White House and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) set new limits  on advertising food and drinks in schools. The rules ban  advertisements for unhealthy foods in schools. The ad ban includes sugary drinks that account for more than 90% of unhealthy ads. An ad for Coca-Cola, for example, will be removed from a scoreboard   at a high school football game. However, ads for Diet Coke and Dasani water, owned by the same company, are allowed to display . The new rules are part of the First Lady's \"Let's Move\" campaign to fight childhood obesity  . Her goal is to get kids to eat healthier food. The marketing limits came after new USDA regulations that put a limit on the calorie, fat and sugar in most school food items. \"The idea is simple -- our classrooms should be healthy places,\" the First Lady Michelle Obama said. \"Because when parents are working hard to teach their kids healthy habits at home, their work shouldn't be destroyed by unhealthy messages in schools.\" However, the healthier food rules are criticized by people who think the government should not control what kids eat and by some students who don't like the healthier foods. It is reported that food companies spend $149 million a year on marketing foods to kids, and many big companies are supporting the new rules. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo have started to advertise healthier products. For schools, junk food ads like the Coca-Cola scoreboard will be taken down. \"The new limits ensure  that schools remain safe places where kids can learn and eat healthy food,\" Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsak said. The rules will help guide schools on ways to create standards   for foods and physical activities. They will require parents and the community to be involved in the campaign. \n Answer: New limits on advertising foods in schools have been set.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ef1c6d31c59142a3a46fde3575c5a072",
            "input": "Article: Scientists from the Max Plank Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tubingen, Germany, have presented the first experimental evidence that people do end up walking in circles if lost in unfamiliar areas.The study, published in the journal Current Biology, examined the tracks of people who walked for several hours in the Sahara desert in Tunisia and in the Bienwald forest in Germany.Researchers Jan Souman and Marc Ernst said the scientists used the global positioning system (GPS) to record these paths.The results showed that the walkers were only able to keep a straight line when the sun or moon was visible.As soon as the sun disappeared behind some clouds, people started to walk in circles without even noticing it. Souman said one explanation offered in the past for people walking in circles was that most people have one leg longer or stronger than the other, which would produce a systematic bias  in one direction.To test .the researchers asked people to walk straight while blindfolded which removed the effects of vision.They found that these circles were rarely in a systematic direction, with the same person sometimes switching to the left and sometimes to the right. \"Most of the participants in the study walked in circles, sometimes in extremely small ones.Walking in circles is therefore not caused by differences in leg length or strength, but more likely the result of increasing uncertainty about where straight ahead is,\" said Souman, \"Small random errors   in the various sensory signals that provide information about walking direction add up over time, making what a person perceives to be straight ahead drift away from the true straight ahead direction.\" \n Answer: The increasing uncertainty about directions.",
            "output": [
                "What is the probable reason for people's walking in circles?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e11e59a91934a779f148e9798fee946",
            "input": "Article: Horror seized the heart of the World War I soldier as he saw his life-long friend fall in the battle. Caught in a trench with continuous gunfire whizzing over his head, the soldier asked his commander if he might go out into the \"No Man's Land\" between the trenches to bring his fallen comrade back. \"You can go,\" said the commander, \"but I don't think it will be worth it. Your friend is probably dead and you may throw your own life away.\" The commander's words didn't matter, and the soldier went anyway. To one's surprise, he managed to reach his friend, raised him onto his shoulder, and brought him back to their company's trench. As the two of them fell in together to the bottom of the trench, the officer checked the wounded soldier, and then looked kindly at his friend. \"I told you it wouldn't be worth it,\" he said. \"Your friend is dead, and your wound is deadly.\" \"It was worth it, though, sir.\" the soldier said. \"How do you mean 'worth it'?\" responded the commander. \"Your friend is dead!\" \"Yes sir.\" the soldier answered. \"But it was worth it because when I got to him, he was still alive, and I had the satisfaction of hearing him say, 'Jim, I knew you'd come.'\" Many a time in life, whether a thing is worth doing or not really depends on how you look at it. Take up all your courage and do something your heart tells you to do so that you may not regret not doing it later in life. \n Answer: Negative.",
            "output": [
                "What's the commander's attitude towards the soldier's saving his friend?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d444e75e183e4148998b7761d3863627",
            "input": "Article: In the rush to get to school, you drop a piece of toast on the floor. Do you throw it away or dec ide it' s still OK to eat? If you're like most people, you eat it. Maybe you follow the \"5-second rule\", which claims foods are safe to eat if you pick them up within 5 seconds after dropping them. But you might want to think again. Scientists now say that 5 seconds is all it takes for foods to become polluted with enough bacteria  to make you sick. Bacteria can cause many kinds of illnesses. Some kinds of bacteria can grow on food. If you eat foods on which these bacteria are growing, you can become sick. One of these food-borne bacteria is Salmonella. It makes 1.4 million people sick every year. Salmonella is often found in raw eggs and chicken. Cooking kills these bacteria, which is why it is so important to cook eggs, chicken, and other foods thoroughly. But how long does it take these bacteria to pollute food? A team of scientists in South Carolina did an experiment. First, they placed an amount of Salmonella on three surfaces; wood, tile  , and carpet. They placed a piece of bread and a piece of bologna  on each surface for 5,30, or 60 seconds. After just 5 seconds, both the bread and the bologna picked up enough bacteria to make you sick. So forget the 5-second rule. If your toast drops on the floor, throw it away and get another piece of clean toast. This time, be careful not to drop it! \n Answer: Health",
            "output": [
                "In which part of a newspaper can you most probably find this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6c43b921cfe3421ea7a8fa36329e21c8",
            "input": "Article: I have been in Limoges for a month now. since living here, I have tried to integrate  into the local community and one way I have found to do this is by following the local rugby team. I decided to look for information on the local rugby team after the tourism office could not help me. I searched for the club office online and decided to look into _ . The following day I went back to the club after speaking with them and decided to get a season ticket for the rest of my stay here. I will now be going to each home game as well as travelling to the away games with the team and the fans. I am sure that it is going to be a great experience during my time abroad here. I will also be travelling through various regions of France so I will be visiting new places throughout the season. There is another team in a town called Brive not so far away who play in the top league in France, but I decided to stay local. I may go and see them with other assistants if possible during our stay. I witnessed a friendly match on Saturday when they played Stade Dijon in the division below them. The match finished 70-12. After the match, both teams went to the club house to see the Rugby World Cup semi-final between New Zealand and Australia. Both teams respected each others which is something you don't always see in other sports. I spoke to the president of the club after the game and he told me, \"This is a family club.\" Hopefully this year will be a good year for Limoges. \n Answer: By paying close attention to the local rugby team.",
            "output": [
                "How did the writer try to combine into Limoges' community?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-794e1f264b4c435c953fe3c8e7a2a599",
            "input": "Article: If we are asked exactly what we were doing a year ago, we might have to say that we could not remember. But if we had kept a book and written in it an account   of what we did each day, we should be able to give an answer to the question. It is the same in history. Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them. Sometimes men did keep a record of the important happenings in their country, but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to write. For example, we know a great deal about the people who lived in china 4,000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for whose who lived after them. But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa, because they had not learned go write. Sometimes, of course, even if the people cannot write, they may know something of the past. They have heard about it from older people, and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings, and those have been sung and acted and told for many generations, for most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past. This we may call 'remembered history'. Some of it has now been written history, because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing. But where there are no written records, such spoken stories are often very helpful. \n Answer: Where there are no written records, there is no history.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following ideas is NOT talked about in the passage above?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ca6a0864c5bb429fa9147915c667b1ad",
            "input": "Article: Chinese scientists have found a new way to use cells found in human urine  that could aid in the treatment of a range of nerve disorders.That is a new technique for reprogramming cells in human urine into nerve progenitor cells  that can grow into multi-functional nerve and brain cells. The technique is expected to be used in the study and treatment of nerve disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other nerve disorders. Pei Duanqing, a professor at Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said his research team has combined an episomal system to deliver reprogramming factors with a chemically defined culture medium to reprogram kidney epithelial  cells in urine into NPCs. These NPCs, normally only found in the human brain, were later proven to be transgene-free and self-renewing, he said. \"These nerve and brain cells can survive for up to one month when transplanted into the brain of a newborn rat,\" said Pei. \"My team is working hard to understand why our experimental condition allowed the urine cells to become NPCs, because we want to improve the technique and make it more efficient\". Scientists have long searched to treat and study neural disorders by obtaining and transplanting neural stem cells. However, the previous method of getting and using cells from either fetal  or adult human tissue remains challenging due to ethical concerns and immune system rejections, he said. Pei hopes the discovery will be used to generate NPCs from patients with nerve disorders such as Parkinson's disease. \"These NPCs from patients may help us discover new drugs for these diseases.\" \"It is a remarkable advance in the stem cell field. The results and methods obtained from this study will be of great value and significance to the field, \" said Fred Gage,a professor with the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. \n Answer: Chinese scientists succeeded in making NPCs from human urine.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-40e12a0e382b4dac85d315afd72c3a60",
            "input": "Article: Make Up Your Mind to Succeed Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because \"everyone's winner.\" And their report cards sounded more positive   than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them \"the overpraised generation.\" Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here's how they work: A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent   is genetic - you're a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it's quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties. On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego   isn't on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it's quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience. We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn't be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck's book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure. \n Answer: They are given too much praise.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think about the present generation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69aa012267e9425bad30a1ec85b9927e",
            "input": "Article: The Ocean Institute welcomes people to the City of Dana Point's Festival of Whales celebration on both weekends.The event celebrates the migration of the whales off our coast.Respected ocean scientists of the ocean Institute introduce visitors to the world of whales.The speakers are arranged as the following. Saturday,March 5,12:30 pm Dr Gwen Goodmanlowe from Califomia State University is a full-time lecturer in the Department of Biology,and advises students working on degrees in marine  biology.She received her doctorate in zoology from the University of Hawaii-Honolulu. Sunday,March 6,12:30 pm Matt Leslie,from Scripps Institute of Oceanography,has studied whales off the coast of Australia.Some of his current research projects include population structure analysis of whales using performance testing.He will lecture on guides for treatment of marine animals. Saturday,March 12,12:30 pm Dr Merkens,from Scripps Institute of Oceanography,will present her latest research on how sound or music can be used as a means to identify characteristics of whales and to find out how whales communicate with one another in the environment. Sunday,March 13, 2 pm Robert L. Pitman is a marine ecologist working for the National Marine Fishing Service.He began his career 35 years ago,studying seabirds and whales,and spends much of his time at sea on vessels at locations all over the world.His main interest is the ecology of the Antarctic killer whale. The Festival will allow visitors to know about new discoveries in marine animal research and to explore a variety of information on whales.Visitors will have the opportunity to listen to underwater whale sounds,and enjoy hands-on activities.Guests will tour the tall ship Pilgrim. Cost:$6.50 adults,$4.50 children(ages 4-12).For more information, please visit www.ocean-institute.org or call(949) 496-2274. \n Answer: Four ocean scientists will tell visitors some information about whales.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9665f0beb9c445128c7a2ea8073f770d",
            "input": "Article: London will host a major exhibition  of 15th-century Chinese artwork, including paintings, sculptures  and porcelain, which are all from Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). The exhibition will be open from Sept 18 to Jan 5. On display will be 108 cultural relics from 10 museums in China, as well as collections from the British Museum and museums in Japan, the United States and Europe. The exhibition will be in five parts to give an overview of the society. \"This was a time when the political and social system of the dynasty became stable , and the country also experienced huge changes. China was in frequent contact with the rest of the world at that time, and its artists and scholars also influenced other cultures,\" said Yao Yu, the director of this activity. During this time, Beijing became the capital of China, and Zheng He (1371-1433) set sail and reached the shores of eastern Africa. Jessica from the British Museum, said _ an artwork may differ in different cultures. \"When a Chinese audience sees a painting you see figures and stories. But we see beautiful views. \" However, she added that the British public had a basic knowledge of the dynasty and many British people probably knew more about the later period of the Ming Dynasty after the Portuguese and Spanish came to China to trade. Their houses and dining tables have Chinese blue and white vases but they don't know much about the earlier period, which in China was a more culturally important period. \"We'd like to take away people from the idea that China became international after the Europeans arrived. China in the early Ming Dynasty was very international. \" \n Answer: Ming Dynasty in China.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8d411f5f45414e40b14710e9d2f425df",
            "input": "Article: People from all over the world visit Disneyland to have fun, not to get sick. But last week, an outbreak of measles spread from the Southern California theme park. As of Monday, January 19, at least 52 people have got the easily spread illness. The majority of the reported cases of measles are from people who visited the park before. According to the California Department of Public Health, these people were exposed to the illness at Disneyland from December 17-20. Officials believe the cause is likely someone who caught measles abroad and visited Disneyland, but this has yet to be proved. However, in 2014, California had its highest measles infection rate in nearly twenty years. There were 66 cases of measles reported in the state--23 of them in Orange County, where Disneyland is located. Measles spreads very easily. It can be caught from coughing and sneezing. Crowded areas like theme parks are especially suitable for its spread. The illness starts with a fever and develops into symptoms including a cough, runny nose, red eyes and so on. About three out of ten people infected with measles will develop another health problem, including an ear infection or pneumonia . The best way to _ measles is to get vaccinated . An unvaccinated person is 35 times more likely to catch measles than someone who received a vaccination. \n Answer: Somebody with measles visited Disneyland.",
            "output": [
                "What's the possible reason of this illness's occurring in California?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-44365431000949999cae333c7e6fe421",
            "input": "Article: When you use our university libraries there are different learning spaces available so you can decide what is best for your purpose. Social learning area We recognize that you can learn from your friends so we have provided social study areas in all our libraries. Here you can discuss your work with your friends without worrying about disturbing others as a reasonable level of noise is accepted, though we do ask that you're considerate of other students and staff. Group study rooms There are bookable  group study rooms of various sizes in the libraries. These rooms are well equipped so that you can easily work in groups or practice presentations. *Bookings are available to groups of 3 or more students *Bookings can be made in hourly blocks up to a maximum of 2 hours per group per day *Bookings can be made for the current week and the following week *Contact the library Help Desk to book a room. Bookings are restricted to student use only. Silent study spaces We know that on occasion you may prefer to study on your own.  To help you achieve this we have individual quiet or silent study areas. In order to preserve the quiet study environment and to avoid disturbing other students, discussion about your course work or exams, or using mobile phones isn't permitted anywhere in these areas. Food, drink and phones Cold snacks and drinks can be consumed in most areas of the libraries though we ask that you help keep the learning environment clean and pleasant for everyone by clearing rubbish into the bins provided. Mobile phones can be used in the social learning areas and group study rooms but not in the silent study spaces or the hallways or stairs that lead to those areas. We ask that you switch your phone to silent mode when you come in the library. \n Answer: To enable students to learn from each other.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of social learning area provided in the library?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b8d5f7ef0cb946c1a19c51e04bf9b05e",
            "input": "Article: Our house was directly across the street from the clinic entrance of John Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore. We lived downstairs and rented the upstairs rooms to the patients at the clinic. One evening as I was fixing supper, there was a knock at the door. I opened it to see a truly awful-looking man. He's hardly taller than my eight-year-old son. \"Good evening. I've come to see if you've a room. I came for a treatment this morning from the eastern shore, and there's no bus till morning.\" He told me he'd been hunting for a room since noon but with no success. \"I guess it's my face...I know it looks terrible, but my doctor says with a few more treatments...\" For a moment I hesitated, but his next words convinced me: \"I could sleep in this chair on the porch. My bus leaves early in the morning.\" I told him we would find him a bed. When I had finished the dishes, I talked with him. He told me he fished for a living to support his five children, and his wife, who was hopelessly crippled   from a back injury. He didn't tell it by way of complaint. Next morning, just before he left, as if asking a great favor, he said, \"Could I come back and stay the next time?\" He added, \"Your children made me feel at home.\" On his next trip he arrived a little after seven in the morning. As a gift, he brought a big fish and the largest oysters   I had ever seen. I knew his bus left at 4:00 a.m. and I wondered what time he had to get up in order to do this for us. In the years he came to stay overnight with us and there was never a time that he did not bring us vegetables from his garden. I know our family always will be grateful to have known him; from him we learned how to accept the bad without complaint when facing the misfortune. \n Answer: Because the man said he would not cause much inconvenience.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author agree to let the man spend the night in his house at last?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0fdbe745ebc14145a4a3a644df3865c7",
            "input": "Article: You've bought what you need. The grocery cashier asks, \"Will that be paper or plastic? You reply \"Plastic, please.\" This seems like a simple question and there are plenty of reasons we choose plastic: easier to carry, lighter than paper bags, possibly less damaging to the environment, less expensive to the shop owners, able to be used as trash bag, and so on. There are different opinions on plastic and paper. Now let's follow the travels of 3 plastic bags. It begins at the grocery store with the customer's choice. Plastic Bag 1: As the waste engineer come by and pick up the trash, the first plastic bag falls out. It sits on a small street for a couple of hours until a car comes along and takes it down to the road. Then a gust of wind blows it across the road, then another car, then another gust of wind finally makes its way to the beach. Water fills the plastic bag and makes it look like a jellyfish. A seal  swims by, thinking it looks very interesting, and swallowed it. The plastic bag may stay in the seal's stomach for months, maybe years. You see, our lovely animals have been living thousands of years in a world where everything can be eaten. Plastic Bag 2: This bag does make its way to landfill . Before they have a chance to cover up the thousands of pounds of daily waste, a strong wind comes up and blows these plastic bags out of the landfill. Once the wind stops, workers will be sent to collect thousands of bags around. But they can't possibly get them all. So our little bag continues his adventure getting caught in trees, eaten by birds or making its way to our lakes or rivers. Plastic Bag 3: The last bag also blows away but is caught in a landfill where it sits for many years, as all the trash is wrapped in a big plastic bag, making natural degradation  impossible. Although workers do much work to make sure water and air system won't be polluted, some do. Guess what, plastic bags are made from petrol, a harmful waste material, which in one way or another makes its way to the environment. Another problem with putting plastic bags in out trash is that our landfills for most cities may be filled in about 20 years. More importantly, since we are running out of land to build homes, you might have the pleasure of one day living on top of your plastic bags! One of the best suggestions is not to use a bag at all or bring your own cloth bags. If you must, please choose paper bags, which, though not suggested, can be eaten by animals. And there are more opportunities recycle paper bags. It does take a little extra effort. But please have a thought about the little seal next time you say, \"Plastic please.\" \n Answer: He can save money for plastic bags are cheaper.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what is NOT the reason for a customer to choose plastic bags?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b15dc53862fb449abb5687f88043ab79",
            "input": "Article: Lombard Street (San Francisco, USA) Known as \"the world's  most-crooked  street,\" Lombard Street was first built in 1922 to reduce the hill's natural 27 % grade  ,which was too steep for most vehicles. Lombard Street owns the record as the street with the most switchbacks in a single block. With eight steep and sharp turns, Lombard Street looks like a giant dizzy snake lying on the road. This famous street in San Francisco is known as the most-challenging street of all. Parliament Street (Exeter, England) This street in England is over a hundred years old today, but what makes it as an urban wonder is not its age but its unbelievable narrow size. Usually, a street is where a vehicle can conveniently pass, but that will never happen in the Parliament Street, as the street measures just 25 inches wide which is just enough for a  ly medium-built person to pass. King Fahd's Fountain (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia) The fountain was donated to the city by King Fahd. Being the world's tallest fountain, it deserves to be an urban wonder. It was constructed between 1980 and 1983. This fountain shoots water in an incredible 1023-foot (312m) height which is greater than the height of the Eifel Tower. Because of its seemingly unreachable height, the waters of the King Fahd's Fountain can be sighted even if the visitors are miles apart. Damanhur Temple (Northern Alps of Italy) The underground of the modest homes of Italy's northern Alps is where a massive, richly -decorated temple is found. The Damanhur Temple was secretly constructed in the 1970s. Decorated with impressive murals   and vividly-color1ed stain glass, the temple was once seized by the Italian government due to illegalities. After some time, it was returned to Oberto Airaudi, the builder and founder of Damanhur. \n Answer: To ease the traffic.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Lombard Street built that way?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-111ba289d53f4c5f90e7d8a0113971bf",
            "input": "Article: Most teens I meet these days lack basic social courtesy when dealing with people. My own son, who basically grew up with his grandmother, the original manners expert, has perfect table manners. This is partly because he was exposed to manners at a very young age. However, when we eat at home, he would not practice manners. So I asked him why. He said, \"I behave the way I am supposed to behave when I'm out, but when I am at home I want to be comfortable.\" That's when I realized that most parents, myself included, do teach their children the proper way to behave outside the home, but they are also brought up to believe that at home, anything goes. My answer to him was \"good behavior has nothing to do with where you are or whom you are with\". Then he answered, \"But I behave properly when I'm with others so that they think better of me .\" And that is when I realized that I was doing things all wrong. I explained to him that it had nothing to do with what people think. This confused him even more. So I went on to explain that behavior, whether in your everyday interaction with people or at the dining table at home, is an expression of who you are. Well, at the age of 13, he got it. So basically, what I am saying is that teaching your children manners comes with the underlying lesson that it is not about what to do or not to do, but rather , who they are. This way it is not mechanical : it comes from within.  Teach your teens or children the basic courtesy of greeting their friends' parents and introducing themselves when they go to someone's home. Teach teenage boys to open the door of a car, or any door for that matter, for any girl, whether they are their girlfriends or not. This includes holding elevator doors or letting women step out of the elevator first. Just remember that teenage boys who practice good manners and courtesy grow up to become men who respect people in general. \n Answer: He wanted to be more comfortable at home.",
            "output": [
                "Why did \"my son\" behave differently at home and out of home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fc1c1e21446a40deb7b207597aeadc00",
            "input": "Article: The Internet has greatly changed the way people communicate. But some teachers think the changes are not all for the better. Eleanor Johnson, an English professor, thinks that text messaging has made students believe that it is far more acceptable than it actually is to just make terrible spelling and grammatical errors. And she says her students over the past several years have increasingly used less formal English in their writing. Words and phrases like \"guy\" and \"you know\" now appear in research papers. Professor Johnson supposes there is a strong relationship between the rise of informal online communication and an increase in writing mistakes. But she says there may not be much scientific information, at least not yet. David Crystal, a British linguist , says the actively changing nature of the Internet makes it difficult to keep up-to-date in studying its effects. But he believes its influence on language is small. The main effect of the Internet on language is the way it has added to the expressive richness of language, providing language with a new set of communicative tools that haven't existed in the past. Erin Jansen is founder of NetLingo.com, an online dictionary of the Internet and text messaging terms. She says the new technology has not changed existing language but has greatly added to its vocabulary. Basically it's freedom of expression. And what about those teachers who find these new kinds of mistakes in spelling and grammar in their students' work? What is her message to them? Erin Jansen said, \"I am always on the students' side and won't get angry or upset about that. If it's helping the kids write more or communicate more, that's great. That's what teachers and educators want--to get kids communicating.\" But Erin Jansen and David Crystal agree with Eleanor Johnson on at least one thing. Teachers need to make sure students understand the uses and rules of language. \n Answer: It causes an increase in writing mistakes.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is Eleanor Johnson's view on text messaging?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ccd9954e55314d79bd9b689c12450e08",
            "input": "Article: A meteorite   flew fast across the sky and exploded over central Russia on Friday, raining fireballs over a vast area and causing a shock wave that smashed windows, damaged buildings and injured l,200 people. People heading to work in Chelyabinsk heard what sounded like an explosion, saw a bright light and then felt the shock wave. According to Russian space agency Roscosmos, the fireball, travelling at a speed of 30km per second, had burnt very brightly across the horizon, leaving a long white trail that could be seen as far as 200km away. Car alarms went off, thousands of windows shattered and mobile phone networks were disrupted. \"I was driving to work, it was quite dark, but it suddenly became as bright as if it were day,\" said Viktor Prokofiev, 36, a resident of Yekaterinburg in the Urals Mountains. \"I felt like I was blinded by headlights.\" The meteorite, which weighed about 20 tons and may have been made of iron, entered Earth's atmosphere and broke apart 30-50km above ground, according to Russia's Academy of Sciences. The energy released when it entered the Earth's atmosphere was about several thousand tons, the academy said, the power of a small atomic weapon exploding. No deaths were reported, but the Emergencies Ministry said 20,000 rescue and clean-up workers were sent to the region after President Vladimir Putin told Emergencies Minister Vladimir Puchkov to ease the disruption and help the victims. The Interior Ministry said about l,200 people had been injured, at least 200 of them children, and most from broken pieces of glass.\"While events this big are rare, an impact that could cause damage and death could happen every century or so. Unfortunately there is absolutely nothing we can do to stop impacts.\" \n Answer: In the early morning.",
            "output": [
                "When did the meteorite incident happen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-31c3be4f37434fa6a47b49950c18d3cc",
            "input": "Article: It was on the early afternoon of a mid-October day in 2012. Bismark Mensah, who came to America several months ago, was collecting carts   outside a Walmart in Federal Way. It was a part-time job for him. He earned $9.05 an hour in charge of getting carts out of the parking lot. He was used to finding stuff in carts that customers had somehow forgotten -- keys, credit cards, wallets. And he turned them into a customer service. But a particular item stood out. It was a white envelope with a clear window in the middle, and there was a lot of cash in it, around $20,000. Mensah turned them into customer services. Because of what he did that afternoon, Mensah is now the winner of Walmart's national 2013 \"Integrity  in Action Award\". Bismark Mensah says that since the story ran, he has become the model the youth in Ghana (his native country). He is now employed full-time at the Federal Way Walmart, earning $10.95 an hour, up from the $9.05 an hour he earned working part-time. Mensah, 33, no longer collects carts and such. He is in the backroom, dealing with inventory . \"I want to learn everything about operating a store like Walmart store,\" he says. He plans to return to Ghana to run some shops owned by his family. He also plans to go to college and earn a degree in business administration. \n Answer: Deal with inventory.",
            "output": [
                "What does Mensah do in Walmart now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-133c4a13625c40b0ab07fd8fcd39427b",
            "input": "Article: Cao Min couldn't believe she was experiencing exactly what she had seen years ago in the film \"Titanic\". Cao and her two children from Anhui Province were traveling on board the \"Liaoludu 7\" on February 22. They were among the first people on the ship who were rescued by lifeboats. Cao's one-year-old son was the youngest passenger on board. The \"Liaoludu 7\" was traveling in the Bohai Straits from Lvshun in Liaoning Province to the port city of Longkou in Shandong Province. It suddenly lost its power at 2:30 pm and tilted  on its side. With 81 people on board, the ferry began to sink. \"I was so scared that my legs couldn't move forward. They kept shaking even when I was asked to jump onto a lifeboat,\" Cao recalled. Upon receiving the mayday appeal  , China Marine Search and Rescue Centre immediately informed the State Council. The center sent eight lifeboats to the fishing boats. After more than four hours of fighting strong winds and freezing ocean water, the passengers were recovered. All but four survived. These four died after spending too long time in the freezing waters, according to a spokesperson for the Beijing-based center. \n Answer: Cao Min and her children experienced the terrible accident.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f8ce6a2f9a04ca4bd3caa01fefcae27",
            "input": "Article: When I first heard about geocaching ,I was skeptical. But the more I thought about it, the more it seemed like an interesting idea.I at least wanted to try it once. Having familiarized myself with how the game works,I set out in search of my first cache. My trip took me through a series of lively hutong ,past a number of small temples, and right into the courtyard of a quiet youth hotel.I spent several minutes looking around, but couldn't find anything. Just before l was about to give up,I spotted a colorful object in the crack of a wall. Could it be the hidden cache? At that moment a group of backpackers amved. According to the game's rules, people who are not in the game must not be allowed to find out about secret caches. So I pretended to make a phone call while waiting for them to leave. When the coast was clear,I grabbed the object. It was the cache!  I opened it and pulled out a crumpled sheet of paper with several names and celebratory messages written on it.I added my own and replaced the cache in its hiding place, ready for the next geocacher to find. It may seem like a simple game, but the idea that there are caches hidden all around us is exciting. Once you're hooked, it's easy to set yourself the goal of finding every single cache in a neighborhood or even an entire city. The real treasure, however, is not the cache itself, but the places it takes you to. Hunting for further caches has since introduced me to places which I didn't even know existed. Some are peaceful parks, while others are forgotten historical sites.A few caches have even been in places I passed regularly without giving them any thought. Now,Ifeel a much closer connection. \n Answer: He found it unsuitable for him.",
            "output": [
                "What was the author's initial attitude to geocaching?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0c5024c96d94487daf18c7246f917f43",
            "input": "Article: Thanksgiving Day was near. The first grade teacher gave her class a fun assignment--to draw a picture of something for which they were thankful. Most of the class might be considered economically disadvantaged, but still many would celebrate the holiday with turkey and other traditional goodies of the season. These, the teacher thought, would be the subjects of most of her student's art. And they were. But Douglas made a different kind of picture. Douglas was a different kind of boy. He was the teacher's true child of misery, frail and unhappy. As other children played at recess, Douglas was likely to stand close by her side. One could only guess at the pain Douglas felt behind those sad eyes. Yes, his picture was different. When asked to draw a picture of something for which he was thankful, he drew a hand. Nothing else. Just an empty hand. His abstract image _ the imagination of his peers. Whose hand could it be?One child guessed it was the hand of a farmer, because farmers raise turkeys. Another suggested a police officer, because the police protect and care for people. And so the discussion went--until the teacher almost forgot the young artist himself. When the children had gone on to other assignments, she paused at Douglas' desk, bent down, and asked him whose hand it was. The little boy looked away and murmured, \"It's yours, teacher.\" She recalled the times she had taken his hand and walked with him here and there, as she had the other students. How often had she said, \"Take my hand, Douglas, we'll go outside.\" Or, \"Let me show you how to hold your pencil.\" Or, \"Let's do this together.\" Douglas was most thankful for his teacher's hand. Brushing aside a tear, she went on with her work. In fact, people might not always say \"thanks\". But they'll remember the hand that reaches out. \n Answer: To show gratitude for others.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of the assignment the teacher gave her students?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0dc0007bb8554491812cba8710d5bef5",
            "input": "Article: Your particular relationships with your parents, not God or genes, determines your academic performance. In my case, it was my father who made the difference.      I had three sisters and my father never showed much interest in their success. He took no notice of the school reports of one of them. They all made it to university. But this was largely because of my mother's encouragement. However badly I did, and it was usually very bad, he always told me I was clever and that I could do well.     When I was eight and remained at the bottom of my class, he tried to coach me in Latin and maths. His main goal was to show me that, if I could make myself concentrate on the dull tasks, I could do them.     He chose the head of my house at public school with great care. He found a man who made a huge effort to teach _ with which he started when I was 13. Together, they convinced me to take exams seriously. But the most important factor was that I knew my dad loved me. He expressed this in many kind letters. When we were together, he would take me in his arms. He encouraged me to think for myself and to enjoy what I enjoyed. He once watched me eating a huge amount of chocolate and said, \"Eat as much as you like -- you won't always enjoy it that much.\"     So I started working hard. I agreed with his own clever ways. And I started to enjoy the learning of knowledge and the expression of ideas. Although exams gave little opportunity for that, I could sort of see _ .     A lot of parents do not realize how important the emotional aspect of the relationship is. It determines their child's performance. I recently heard a parent discussing what school their child might get into. \"I don't know how bright he is,\" she said.      Many parents are troubled by their children's marks at school. Their relationship with the child is almost wholly built around this. It was not at all like that with my dad. Until I was eight, he did not seem to worry about marks. And, after that, it was never exam performance that he was concerned with. Rather, he concentrated on my self-perception . He constantly showed me that I was not stupid by pointing out things I had said that were signs of intelligence. It meant I had a reasonable self-regard. I kept failing exams. But, my father thought there was a difference between my failing one exam and whether I would be a success or failure in life. \n Answer: Your emotional relationship with your parents.",
            "output": [
                "According to the writer, which of the following influences your school performance most?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7f070c4307cb47eb82b9de1034543081",
            "input": "Article: \"Who is that?\" When watching the movie, Silver Linings Playbook, at the Toronto International Film Festival in early September, the woman sitting next asked me. It seemed to be a strange question. I wanted to ask if she ever saw a little movie called The Hunger Games, or the Oscar-nominated movie Winter's Bone. Instead, I just answered, \"Jennifer Lawrence.\" But I wondered how a moviegoer does not recognize Lawrence! As Silver Linings Playbook continued to unfold and Lawrence revealed herself as a wonderful comic actress, it hit me: _ . That is the thing throwing her. Audiences will have the opportunity to watch Lawrence's performance in Silver Linings Playbook when the film opens in limited release before a Thanksgiving weekend blowout expansion. The 22-year-old actress heads this year's lead actress Oscar race by a country mile. Here's an early main list of some competitors in this category. 1. Jennifer Lawrence in Silver Linings Playbook 2. Quvenzhane Wallis in Beasts of the Southern Wild 3. Marion Cotillard in Rust and Bone 3. Helen Mirren in Hitchcock 5. Emmanuelle Riva in Amour 6. Jessica Chastain in Zero Dark Thirty Chastain, playing a CIA agent in Kathryn Bigelow's Zero Dark Thirty, is the wild card here and, quite possibly, the only candidate capable of replacing Lawrence from the top spot. The cruelty in Rust and Bone will put off sensitive academy members, making Cotillard lose chances for a second Oscar. Wallis makes for a wonderful story, but it is too early for her to be awarded a lead actress. Riva will need a push to win the nomination of lead actress. Mirren, as the Alfred Hitchcock's wife and unsung partner, Alma Reville, might pose the biggest threat to Lawrence. Older academy members will love the historical Hollywood seen in Hitchcock, and Mirren's role as the unsung wind beneath Hitch's wings should find appreciation within creative circles. It's not \"The Queen\". but this year, it might be enough. \n Answer: Cotillard once won the best actress Oscar.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-24c2470b0cf240819fc732a06030f829",
            "input": "Article: Public bookshelves are appearing across Germany on street corners,city squares and in suburban supermarkets. In these freeforall libraries,people can grab whatever they want to read,and leave behind anything they want for others. There's no need to register,no due date,and you can take or give as many as you want.\"This project is aimed at everyone who likes to read .It is open for everybody,\"  Michael Aubermann,one of the organizers of the free book exchange said. The western city' s latest public shelf was put up next to Bayenturm. It is the fourth free shelf that Aubermann' s group,the Cologne Citizen's Foundation,has placed outside.\"We set up our other outdoor shelves last year and it's been working really well,\" said Aubermann. The public bookshelves,which are usually financed by donations and cared for by local volunteer groups,have appeared independently of each other in many cities,suburbs and villages. Each shelf holds around 200 books and it takes about six weeks for a complete turnover,with all the old titles replaced by new ones. Even commercial book stores and online book sellers seem to support the idea of free book exchanges.\"We see this project rather as a sales promotion than as competition,\"said Elmar Muether.\"If books are present everywhere,it helps our business,too.\" So far,the Cologne book group has had few problems with damage or other problems. Aubermann said,\"Propaganda   is the only kind of literature we do not allow here.\" At another bookshelf in the Bayenthal neighborhood,the lower shelves are reserved for children's literature only.\"It is important that we make it easy for everyone to participate in this 'reading culture on the street'--from old readers to kids to immigrants,\"Aubermann said. While most of the shelves have so far been put up in _ ,Aubermann and the 20 volunteers who help look after the project are planning to put up future shelves in poor neighborhoods,where citizens often don't have as much access to literature. \n Answer: People can take the books and leave their books at will.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about the public bookshelves?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1e76d2fcce184c24b995f7ee5eca0097",
            "input": "Article: Most people feel lonely sometimes,but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours,This kind of loneliness is not serious.In fact,it is quite normal.For some people,though,loneliness can last for years.Now researchers say loneliness comes in three different types. The first kind of loneliness is temporary.This is the most common type.It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention.The second kind is situation,for example,family problem,the death of a loved one,or moving to a new place.Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems,such as headaches and sleeplessness,it usually does not last for more than a year.The third kind of loneliness is the most serious.Unlike the second type, chronic (the opposite of'temporary') usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause.People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others.Unfortunately,many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition. Psychologists  agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts,for example,friends,family members,co-workers,etc.We depend on various people for different reasons.For instance.our family give us emotional support,our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our fiends share similar interests and activities. However,psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts,they sometimes feel they should have more.They question their popularity. Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons:they are unhappy and unable to socialize arid there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease,while temporary and situational loneliness can be a sad,and sometimes dangerous condition. \n Answer: Ask your teacher for guidance.",
            "output": [
                "How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4fd351d6d4a342d68f3c93b56ff2385a",
            "input": "Article: Every heard the old saying, \"An apple a day keeps the doctor away\"? It is true! Apples have a lot of nutritional value! A medium sized apple has only 80 calories  . What a great snack choice! Not only is an apple low in calories, they contain absolutely no fat. Thus, eating apples as snacks, as opposed to chips or cakes, will help reduce the risk of cancer. On top of reducing the risk of cancer, the low sodium   amounts in apples also help reduce high blood pressure and heart disease. They are cholesterol   free. They are also rich in vitamin A, which helps strengthen vision   along with bone and tooth development. Now that we know the nutritional facts, let's take a look at some of the fun facts--That's right! Apples can be fun, as well as healthy! If an apple is fresh, it will float on water. Twenty-five percent of an apple is air, thus allowing it to float. Can you imagine bobbing   for apples that sink? And, did you know that an apple is covered with a natural layer of wax  ? That's what the peeling   is. It protects the apple's high water content, keeping the apple fresh. Apples are a very important part of a healthy diet, but keep in mind they can be fun. And always remember, if an apple sinks in water, pick another one to bob for! \n Answer: Two.",
            "output": [
                "How many kinds of facts about apples are mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ee86feffcad24714a1c1f07d44317999",
            "input": "Article: Brighton: It is a seaside resort on the English Channel. Only 50 miles from London, it offers a good variety of lively entertainment. It is a cheerful place, busy and crowded in the summer, but alive in every season of the year. Its royal pavilion is a masterpiece of English architecture. Durham: Whatever travelers see or don't see in England, they must see this city, in the northeast, just south of NewcastleuponTyne. No one will forget the sight of its cathedral and castle rising together on a steep hill overlooking a loop in the River Wear, which almost surrounds them. The cathedral itself is one of the great medieval(,476~1500)buildings in Europe. Liverpool: A port in the northwest of England which possesses a quality that is not found in quite the same way anywhere else in England: the quality of grandeur  . Liverpool has this grandeur in its site on the broad River Mersey (more than half a mile wide) with the houses rising near it; in its great dock buildings, its broad streets, and its two enormous cathedrals. Edinburgh: It has long been the capital of Scotland. Edinburgh Castle is Edinburgh's important building, controlling the city from its perch on a rock over a hundred meters above sea level. Another important building is the Palace of Holyrood House, begun by James III around 1500. Between the castle and the palace is the Royal Mile, which was the center of Edinburgh life before the 17th century and is fascinating to visit now. \n Answer: All the year around",
            "output": [
                "Which is the suitable time to visit Brighton ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5635573d8dc041af8b1656b185d466ca",
            "input": "Article: Nothing could stop Dad. After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family. He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey. And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure. The smell really burned the inside of your nose. When we complained about the terrible smell, Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was right. For example, just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter. As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking. One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew. Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, potatoes, corns, onions and carrots. For about half an hour, the pressure built and the vegetables cooked. Finally, Dad turned off the stove, the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam. If we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times worse. When Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out. Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house. Just how bad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak! Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around it didn't look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didn't _ the nose so much, edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup! \n Answer: It tastes quite delicious.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer about Dad's stew?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c236c16662fd490fac780f678c0a8dda",
            "input": "Article: According to new research,there could be a social hierarchy attached to where people stand in the lift.More senior men stand at the back,young men in the middle and women of all ages at the front. Most people know that awkward feeling when you shuffle into an elevator with other people and try not to make eye contact. But new research suggests it may be down to a subconscious power struggle being played out as you make your way up or down. A study found that people decide where they stand based on a micro social hierarchy,established within seconds of entering the lift. Rebekah Rousi,a Ph.D.student in cognitive science,conducted all ethnographic study of elevator behaviour in two of the tallest office buildings in Adelaide,Australia. As part of her research,she took a total of 30 lift rides in the two buildings,and discovered there was an established order to where people tended to stand. In a blog for Ethnography Matters,she writes that more senior men seemed to direct themselves towards the back of the elevator cabins. She said,\"In front of them were younger men,and in front of them were women of all ages.\" She also noticed there was a difference in where people directed their gaze half way through the ride. Men watched the monitors,looked in the side mirrors(in one building)to see themselves,and in the door mirrors(of the other building)to also watch others. Women would watch the monitors and avoid eye contact with other users(unless in conversation)and the mirrors,she writes. The doctorate student concluded it could be that people who are shyer stand toward the front,where they can't see other passengers,whereas bolder people stand in the back,where they have a view of everyone else. \n Answer: At the front.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage,where do women likes to stand in the lift?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b4063e6b07dd46439e6a2c160145ba4a",
            "input": "Article: When I was about 12, I had an enemy, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings. Week by week her list grew: I was very thin, I wasn't a good student, I talked too much, I was too proud, and so on. I tried to hear all this as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes. He listened to me quietly, then he asked. \"Are the things she says true or not? Janet, didn't you ever wonder what you're really like ? Well, you now have that girl's opinion. Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said.\" I did as he told me. To my great surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true. Some of them I couldn't change (like being very thin), but a good number I could--and suddenly I wanted to change. For the first time I go to fairly clear picture of myself. I brought the list back to Daddy. He refused to take it.\"That's just for you,\" he said.\"You know better than anyone else the truth about yourself. But you have to learn to listen, not just close your ears in anger and feeling hurt. When something said about you is true, you'll find it will be of help to you. Our world is full of people who think they know your duty. Don't shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you know is the right thing to do.\" Daddy's advice has returned to me at many important moments. In my life, I've never had a better piece of advice. \n Answer: He refused to take the list and have a look at it.",
            "output": [
                "What did the father do after he had heard his daughter's complaint?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ffce8456080f40dd90e42b2050a70f07",
            "input": "Article: Sharks have lived in the oceans for over 450 million years, long before dinosaurs appeared. There are now about 360 species of sharks, whose size, behavior, and other characteristics differ widely. Every year, we catch and kill over 100 million sharks, mostly for food and for their fins. Dried shark fins are used to make shark fin soup, which sells for as much as $50 a bowl in fine Hong Kong restaurants. Other sharks are killed for sport and out of fear. Sharks are vulnerable  to overfishing because it takes most species 10 to 15 years to begin reproducing and they produce only a few offspring . Influenced by movies and popular novels, most people see sharks as people-eating monsters. This is far from the truth. Every year, a few types of shark injure about 100 people worldwide and kill about 25. Most attacks are by great white sharks, which often feed on sea lions and other marine  mammals. They sometimes mistake human swimmers for their normal prey, especially if they are wearing black wet suits. If you are a typical ocean-goer, your chances of being killed by an unprovoked attack by a shark are about 1 in 100 million. You are more likely to be killed by a pig than a shark and thousands of times more likely to get killed when you drive a car. Sharks help save human lives. In addition to providing people with food, they are helping us learn how to fight cancer, bacteria, and viruses. Sharks are very healthy and have aging processes similar to ours. Their highly effective immune system allows wounds to heal quickly without becoming infected, and their blood is being studied in connection with AIDS research. Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer and eye cataracts . Understanding why can help us improve human health. Chemicals taken from shark cartilage have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals, research that someday could help _ your life. Sharks are needed in the world's ocean ecosystems. Although they don't need us, we need them. We are much more dangerous to sharks than they are to us. For every shark that bites a person, we kill one million sharks. \n Answer: People kill sharks because they often attack swimmers.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT a reason why people kill sharks?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7387cd8e8a884a95b757ef89fa560acd",
            "input": "Article: Below is a selection about some Guinness World Records. Top 6 Unusual Guinness World Records        Fastest 100 m running on all fours  The 2008 Guinness World Records Day was, according to CWR, their biggest day of record-breaking ever, with more than 290,000 people taking part in record attempts in 15 different countries. Kenichi Ito's record attempt was part of this special day. He is just another example of Japanese with \"super powers\". His \"super power\" is to run with great speed on all fours. Kenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours in 18.58 seconds. The Japanese set this record at Setagaya Kuritsu Sogo Undojyo, Tokyo, in 2008.        Most people inside a soap bubble The Discovery Science Center in Santa Ana, California celebrated this year the 15th anniversary of the Bubble Festival. A bubble's math principles and science were presented and demonstrated at the three-week-long exhibition. The intriguing Bubble Show was also part of the program. Fan Yang and Deni Yang impressed the audience with their awesome skills for bubble making. The Yang family cooperated with the Discovery Science Center to set a new Guinness World Record for most people inside a soap bubble and they succeeded. The family that has been working with soap bubbles for 27 years created a huge soap bubble and got 118 people inside it. The record was set on April 4, 2011        Longest ears on a dog A bloodhound from Illinois has the longest ears ever measured a dog. The right ear is 13.75 inches long and the left one 13.5 inches. The dog named Tigger earned this title in 2004 and is owned by Christina and Bryan Flessner. Mr. Jeffries is the previous record holder of this title. Each of his ears measured approximately 11.5 inches long. His grandfather used to hold this amazing world record, but when he died Mr.Jeffries took over.        Most living generations Did you ever wonder what is the Guinness World Record for most living generations in one family? Seven is the answer. The ultimate authority on record-breaking mentions on the website that the youngest great-great- great-great grandparent of this family was Augusta Bung \"aged 109 years 97 days, followed by her daughter aged 89, her granddaughter aged 70, her great grand-daughter aged 52, her great-great grand-daughter aged 33 and her great-great-great granddaughter aged 15 on the birth of her great-great-great-great grandson on January 21, 1989\".        Most T shirts worn at once Believe it or not, there is a record also for this category. Krunoslav Budiseli set a new world record on May 22,2010 for wearing 245 T-shirts at the same time. The man from Croatia was officially recognized as the new record  er by Guinness World Records after he managed to put on 245 different T-shirts in 1ess than two hours.The T-shirts weighted 68 kg and Budiseli said he began struggling around T-shirt No. 120. He dethroned the Swedish Guinness record holder who wore 238 T-shirts. Heaviest pumpkin Guinness World Records confirmed on October 9, 2010 that a gigantic pumpkin grown in Wisconcin was officially the world's heaviest. It weighed 1,810 pounds 8 ounces and was unveiled by Chris Stevens at the Stillwater Harvest Festival in Minnesota. Stevens' pumpkin was 85 pounds Javier than the record, another huge pumpkin grown in Ohio. The proud farmer said his secret is a precise of rain, cow mature, good soil, sea grass and fish emulsion. Some of the world's heaviest pumpkins, including the record holder, were on public display at the Bronx Botanical Gardens in New York for a dozen days. \n Answer: He participated in the 2008 Guinness World Records Day activities.",
            "output": [
                "Why is Kenichi Ito described a man with a \"super power\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7af23d4e6aee4734a96e509c31ff9697",
            "input": "Article: Best friends may be priceless but the cost of keeping the relationship alive is PS23,870. According to a study, a BFF (best friends forever) does not come cheap with devoted friends spending PS4,679 on birthday presents alone over a lifetime. And while it costs nothing to be a shoulder to cry on, _ Britons go the extra mile and spend PS168 on pick-me-ups  to get their mate through a rocky patch  like the breakup of a relationship. There's a further PS242 spent on presents to show how much they mean from gifts bought on holiday to treats for no reason. And distance does not break up a close friendship as BFFs spend a whopping  PS18,000 on travel to see each other despite being miles apart because of university, jobs and marriage. The study by cashback site TopCashBack found on average BEFs who marry can expect PS431 spent on them and a further PS283 on gifts when they have children. And they can rely on their pals to help out when they move houses as they will obtain PS127 worth of housewarming presents and takeaways(a kind of food). The survey based on a friendship lasting 40 years found more than eight in ten adults with a BFF felt their friendships were worth every penny. TopCashback spokesperson Natasha Smith said: \"Those friendships which stand the test of time are often the most important in our lives. However, they come at a cost. From train tickets once a month to flights and a new dress for a wedding on the Italian coast, the price paid for having a best mate can soon add up. But when we asked people to compare their friendship with the financial investment , only 14% thought their friendship was equal to their investment with the vast majority thinking it was worth more.\" \n Answer: Going a particular distance to visit friends.",
            "output": [
                "To keep the relationship, where do BEFs spend the most money?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7bb7807f9ec2492485158a69ed3f168f",
            "input": "Article: What makes a house a home? Not size, of course. I've been in some of the grandest houses in prefix = st1 /America, and it's clear no one lives there. Earlier this year, I had dinner in a mud hut inEthiopia, where we sat on chairs next to the hostess' bed -- a home that had more warmth than any house I've been in since. Now John Edwards is exploring what makes a house a home in his just-released Home: The Blueprints of Our Lives. There Edwards writes, \"This isn't a book about houses; it's a book about homes. About the values they rest on, the dreams they are filled with, and the people they have shaped,\" Edwards writes. \"The houses and circumstances are different, but much of what you find inside will be familiar.\" Whether you're sitting in an airport flight now, waiting to fly to your childhood home for Thanksgiving, or in your own home waiting for the  s to arrive, you know what he's talking about. We've lived in our townhouse for 21 years. It's home now. The loose windows that shake in the wind. The fireplace so shallow it holds only one log. The kitchen window that offers a view of the world passing by. It's where friends sit on the kitchen counter drinking wine while dinner is being fixed. I lived there for only 18, but it will always be my true home. Even the lamp in the west living room window, which I could see far down the road when driving home late at night, still shines. While all this talk about childhood memories can be warm and comforting, home is whom you're with, not where you are. As Edwards writes, \"Home is family. Home is safety. Home is faith.\" Happy homecoming. \n Answer: Feelings of warmth and comfort.",
            "output": [
                "According to the author, what makes a house a home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5e86856f83384bc88321a10308f82caa",
            "input": "Article: On her first day back at school in August, Stephanie Hughes, a teenage student, was sent to the principal's office at Woodford County High School in Kentucky, US and her mom was called to school. She had made a \"huge\" mistake-at least in the eyes of the school-by wearing a top that showed her collarbone . It was against the school's _ . \"This is ridiculous!\" Stacie Dunn, Hughes's mom, wrote on the social media site Facebook. \"Something needs to change!\" The incident has become an Internet sensation. Across the US, schools like Woodford are being criticized for their dress codes. Some say the rules are especially unfair to young women. Over half of US public schools have a dress code, and they are often different for girls and boys, according to the National Center for Education Statistics in the US. Some dress codes, for example, ban skirts and ask for pants to be at least knee-length. Some have pointed out that these rules are mostly for female students. Women's clothes are usually cut to be more fitted and shorter, while men's clothes are longer and looser. In practice, more women will be caught breaking dress codes. The New York Post reported that last year, one school in Staten Island, New York gave 200 dress code detentions in two weeks-90 percent of which went to female students. Some school administrators say they simply want students to dress professionally to prepare students for their future careers. But others have told female students that their clothes present a \"distraction\" to male students. That idea is being criticized. The \"distraction\" argument is unfair to women, critics say. It suggests that exposed skin means that you want criticism or sexual advances. \"These dress codes mean that girls are getting very clear messages that men have a right to your body in public spaces and it's socially acceptable, but you will be punished,\" Laura Bates, a co-founder of the Everyday Sexism Project, a project that aims to promote equality between men and women, told The Atlantic. Some students have taken action to change the situation. They have started online campaigns and made short films to build public support. Certain schools have now chosen to think again about their dress codes with parents and students. Even Woodford County High School-home of the \"collarbone\" ban-is thinking again about its policies. But, at least for now, the dress code debate is far from over. \n Answer: Showing collarbones being considered a huge mistake.",
            "output": [
                "What does Stacie Dunn think is \"ridiculous\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-085b3a95502740d6aadd05248eb74970",
            "input": "Article: DCU*LS is the English Language Training Center of Dublin City University. Our courses are designed for adults (18+). We offer a lot of English language courses throughout the year in addition to special programmes in summer. Our school proudly has the same high standards which have gained Dublin City University a national and international reputation  for the excellence of its courses. Recognized by Department of Education as an English language school for the teaching of English as a foreign language. DCU*LS offers you a friendly atmosphere in which you can improve your English skills. Because we are a university based company, we also offer our students ways to university facilities . For more information please contact : DCU Language Services, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland Tel: +353 1 705552 Fax: +353 1 70511 Email: Is.elt @ dcu.ie Web: www.dculs.dcu.ie \n Answer: Adults over 18.",
            "output": [
                "Who can take part in the courses offered by DCU*LS ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-86045f42a1eb4ae2bc9384aea8a7f5fc",
            "input": "Article: Is gun play good or bad for children? For many years I emphasized its harmlessness. When concerned parents expressed doubt about letting their children have toy guns, because they didn't want to encourage them in the slightest degree to become criminals, I would explain how little connection there was. In the course of growing up, children have a natural tendency to bring their aggressiveness more and more under control if their parents encourage _ . One- to two-year-olds, when they are angry with another child, may bite the child's arm without hesitation. But by 3 or 4 they have already learned that aggression is not right. However, they may pretend to shoot their mother or father, but smiling to assure them that the gun and the aggressive behaviour aren't to be taken seriously. In the 6- to 12-year-old period, children will play an earnest game of war, but it has lots of rules. There may be arguments, but real fights are relatively rare. At this age children don't shoot at their mother or father, even in fun. It's not that the parents have turned stricter; the children's own conscience has. In adolescence aggressive feelings become much stronger, but well brought-up children can turn them into athletics and other competition or into kidding their friends. In other words, I'd explain that playing at war is a natural step in the disciplining of the aggression of young children; that a cautious parent doesn't really need to worry about producing a criminal. But nowadays I'd give parents much more encouragement to guide their child away from violence. A number of incidents have convinced me of the importance of this. One of the first things that made me change my mind, several years ago, was an observation that an experienced nursery school teacher told me about. Her children were hitting each other much more than previously, without reason. When she talked to them, they would protest, \"But that's what the Three Stooges do.\" (This was a children's TV program full of violence which immediately became very popular.) What further shocked me into reconsidering my view was the assassination of the former President, and the fact that some schoolchildren cheered about this. (I didn't so much blame the children as I blamed the kind of parents who will say about a President they dislike, \"I'd shoot him if I got the chance!\") These incidents made me think of other evidences that Americans often tolerate lawlessness and violence. We were hard on the Indians and the later waves of immigrants. At times we denied justice to groups with different religions or political views. And now a great percentage of our adult as well as our child population has been endlessly fascinated with dramas of Western violence and with cruel crime stories, in movies and on television. This doesn't necessarily mean that we Americans on the average have more aggressiveness inside us than the people of other nations. I think rather that the aggressiveness we have is less controlled, from childhood on. To me it seems very clear that in order to have a more stable and civilized national life we must bring up the next generation of Americans with a greater respect for law and for other people's rights than in the past. There are many ways in which we could and should teach these attitudes. One simple opportunity we could seize in the first half of childhood is to show our disapproval of lawlessness and violence in television programs and in children's gun play. I also believe that the survival of the world now depends on a much greater awareness of the need to avoid war and to actively seek peaceful agreements. There are enough nuclear arms to completely destroy all civilization. This terrifying situation demands a much greater stability and self-control on the part of national leaders and citizens than they have ever shown in the past. We owe it to our children to prepare them deliberately for this awesome responsibility. \n Answer: Adolescents' aggressiveness is often displayed in the form of competition.",
            "output": [
                "Based on the author's view about the relationship between children's aggressiveness and their age, which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4f6c8ea847f543c6a42f72eb14f81ccd",
            "input": "Article: The Exterminating Angel Director: Luis Bunuel Country/Date : Mexico/1962 (black and white) Introduction : A party is organized in a high class society house. Many people are drinking and eating. It's getting late, but nobody is leaving. Even though the door is open, people seem to be locked in the house. They can't leave either the day or on the following days. So a rescue began. The Net Director: Irwin Winkler Country/Date: U.S.A./1995 Introduction: Angela Bennettt is a computer programmer who has devoted her life to computers and the Internet. She spends hours and hours in front of the screen. She does everything over the Internet, and she has some close friends in a chat room, though she has never talked to her neighbors. Kung Fu Panda Director : Mark Osborne & John Stevenson Country/Date : U.S.A./2008 Introduction: The leading character is a panda whose name is Po. He is lazy first but he has a great dream----to be a kung fu master. To make his dream come true, he goes to a faraway temple to learn kung fu from a master. However, one of his brothers, Tai Long wants to become the kung fu master, killing many of his brothers even the master. So Po fights against Tai Long and defeats him, The film is good especially for kids. Life is Beautiful Director: Roberto Benigni Country/Date : Italy/1998 Introduction: In 1939, during World WarII in Italy, Guido, a hopeful man, the main character fell in love with Dora, and they got married. Five years later, their lives changed. Guido and Joshua were taken by the Nazis to a concentration camp and Dora also went there with her husband and son. At that place, Guido tried his best to save his son's life in a special way. \n Answer: Irwin Winkler",
            "output": [
                "Who is the director of The Net?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-179740dd9c27471095fb8b8bf41aeb52",
            "input": "Article: It takes two to duet  , and one question for scientists is how these coordinated   performances arise -- in birds. Are they the result of cooperation, a way in which one pair signals to others that they've got it together? Or are they the result of conflict, evolving to avoid one partner's song interfering with the other's? A study of duetting in Peruvian warbling antbirds  suggests that it might be a little of both, and that context is everything. Joseph A. Tobias and Nathalie Seddon of the University of Oxford show in Current Biology that sexual conflict can cause the female of a pair that normally cooperates to \"jam\" the male's song by singing over it. The researchers exposed antbird pairs to recorded songs of other antbirds and monitored the songs the pairs produced. In one experiment, they played the songs of an intruding pair. In this case, the resident pair \"both are likely to lose their territory, so both should cooperate,\" Dr. Tobias said. And they do. They produce a coordinated duet that in effect tells the intruders to keep away. But when the researchers played the song of a single female, the pair behaved differently. \"You'd expect the resident female to be highly motivated to defend her position in the partnership,\" Dr. Tobias said. And that's what occurs. The male sings its heart out, flirting  with the single female, and the female of the pair does its best to interfere with the song by singing over it, apparently to make her mate less attractive to the other female. \"It's clear that the male doesn't like what she's doing,\" Dr. Tobias said. The behavior \"breaks up what is otherwise a very cooperative situation into a more complicated signal,\" he added. It's the first evidence of this kind of signal jamming among pairs, Dr. Tobias said. And in that it leads the male to alter its song to avoid the female's interfering notes, it shows that this kind of conflict could, over a long period, drive the evolution of coordinated song. \n Answer: Their instinct.",
            "output": [
                "What is the key factor of antbirds' duet?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-10cfdc26ac4f4a4b8af88cf8011c353e",
            "input": "Article: There's a case to be made, from things like Google search figures, that Robert Frost's poem The Road Not Taken - you know, the one about two paths diverging   in a wood - is the most popular in modern history. Yet people still can't agree what it means. On the surface, it's a fridge-magnet cliche   on the importance of taking risks and choosing the road less travelled. But many argue it slyly mocks   that American belief in the individual's power to determine his or her future. After all, the poet admits that both paths look roughly similarly well-travelled. And how could he be sure he took the right one? He'll never know where the other leads. Looking back at our life histories, we tell ourselves we faced important dilemmas and chose wisely. But maybe only because it's too awful to admit we're stumbling   mapless among the trees, or that our choices don't make much difference. Two psychologists, Karalyn Enz and Jennifer Talarico, throw light on these matters in a new study with a title that nods to Frost: Forks In The Road. They sought to clarify how people think about \"turning points\" versus \"transitions\" in life. A turning point, by their definition, is a moment that changes your future - deciding to leave a job or marriage, say - but often isn't visible from the outside, at least at first. \"Transitions\" involve big external changes: going to university, marrying, emigrating  . Sometimes the two go together, as when you move to a new place and realize it's where you belong. (\"New Yorkers are born all over the country,\" Delia Ephron said, \"and then they come to New York and it hits them: oh, that's who I am.\") But it's turning points we remember as most significant, Enz and Talarico conclude, whether or not they also involve transitions. The distinction is useful: it underlines how the most outwardly obvious life changes aren't always those with the biggest impact. Hence the famous \"focusing illusion\", which describes how we exaggerate   the importance of a single factor on happiness: you switch jobs, or spouses, only to discover you brought the same troublesome old you to the new situation. Before it became a joke, \"midlife crisis\" referred to a turning point that happens because your circumstances don't change, when your old life stops feeling meaningful. Turning points can be caused by mundane   things - the offhand remark that makes you realize you're in the wrong life - or by nothing at all. \n Answer: Because the two roads are more or less similar in the poet's view.",
            "output": [
                "Why do some people think the poem makes fun of the American belief?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c50c6b9819ae4215bf017005405d8d4a",
            "input": "Article: It seems that all your friends' names on MSN have added a little green \"I'm\" symbol overnight. If you ask what is going on, someone will tell you it's a charity activity. Though this charity program has not yet officially begun for Chinese users, this little green symbol has proven popular among Chinese Windows Live Messenger users. Windows Live Messenger's official blog announced on March 1 that Microsoft was beginning an \"I'm\" program in the United States. Every time someone starts a conversation using \"I'm\", Microsoft shares a part of the program's advertising income with nine organizations devoted to social causes. With every instant message a user sends, it helps deal with things one feels most interested in, including poverty, child protection, disease and worsening environment. One only has to add a certain code next to one's name for the organization one would like to support. \"*red'u\" is for the American Red Cross, \"*bgca\" is for Boys & Girls Clubs of America and \"*unicef\" stands for the American branch of UNICEF. After a Chinese blogger named \"hung\" introduced this program on his blog on March 2, \"I'm\" entered the Internet in China with no actual support from Microsoft. Beijing-based Youth Weekend reported that famous IT blogger Keso regarded this program's rapid spread as a successful virus marketing case. He thinks that the success of the \"I'm\" program is because it's spread by users without being a bother to others. This answers why \"I'm\" has spread so rapidly across the Internet like a virus with almost no advertisement. However, Feng Jinhu from the press center for Microsoft China toldYouth Weekendthat the \"I'm\" project is only for Messenger users in the United States. Instant messages sent by Chinese users would not count. This has not affected Chinese Messenger users' interest in the little green symbol. These users hope their instant messages will actually contribute to charitable organizations someday. \n Answer: It doesn't bring other users trouble.",
            "output": [
                "What is the reason for the success of the \"I'm\" program according to Keso?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bdab30cb3d7d4b7ba61f355c76500e5e",
            "input": "Article: There is good and bad news for parents today. The word \"mother\" has been voted the most beautiful word in the English language. But \"father\" failed even to make it on the list of the 70 best words in a survey of thousands of non-English speakers across the world. From Ankara to Zurich, \"mother\" was voted above \"love\", \"smile\" and \"blossom\".     In second place was \"passion\", followed by \"smile\", \"love\" and \"eternity\", with \"fantastic\", \"destiny\", \"freedom\", \"liberty\" and \"tranquility\" completing the top 10.    The results were given by the British Council  which carried out a huge survey of more than 40,000 people in 102 non-English speaking countries.     The study was done to celebrate the group's 70th anniversary --and it threw up a few surprising words to the list.     \"It's interesting that 'mother', the only word of the 70 that describes a direct relationship between people, came top of the poll  \",said British Council spokesman Greg Selby. \"It is great to see words in the survey that are so positive and suggestive of the British Council' s purpose -- words such as 'freedom', 'liberty', 'peace'.\"     Those surveyed were allowed to choose their words on either meaning or sound, said Mr. Selby. This explained why words that are satisfying to pronounce, like \"flip-flop\", made the list.     Famous mothers like Kate Winslet, Elle Macpherson and Claudia Schiffer have all done their bit to make the word popular.     Kate, 28, even stopped shooting Woody Allen's new film to spend more time with her young family.     Singer Robbie Williams is proud to express his love for his mother, while actor Peter Kay went through a marathon British tour to pay for a new house for his mom.     The mood   was added to by Britney Spears, yesterday as she showed her love for her mother.  She said: \"My mom was and still is a supermom. She is just so much fun and I think the reason why I love so much her is because she's a young mom.\"     She added: \"Mom, thanks for being the best role model--you rock.\" \n Answer: Mother, passion, smile, love and eternity.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following shows the correct order of the first five words?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8a9cd032202c48ebaffb9a6f857aa8f8",
            "input": "Article: The smell of fresh air is becoming something of a distant memory, thanks to our increasing use of fragrance  . From air fresheners to scented   candles, we live in a world of scent. Recent figures show seven in ten people use air fresheners or scented candles to keep our homes smelling sweet. Yet recent records suggest that perfumed products could affect our health, causing problems including allergies  , headaches and asthma   . One leading expert believes nearly a third of people suffer health effects from being exposed to scents. A major problem is so-called \"contact\" allergy--where perfumes and scented products cause eczema   when they come into contact with the skin. About one in 20 is thought to be affected by fragrance allergy. \"Often it may not be immediately obvious that you have developed a fragrance allergy,\" says Dr. Baron. \"You don't react immediately. Gradually, as you are exposed more and more, the body increases its reaction, until it becomes noticeable to you.\" People with pre-existing eczema are particularly vulnerable  . \"The eczema worsens in areas in contact with perfumes,\" says Dr. Baron. \"But even those without allergies can be at risk of fragrance allergy.\" You can become suddenly allergic to perfumes and personal care products that you have been using for years. \"Even if you know which fragrance causes a problem, it can be difficult to avoid, as most personal care products -soap, shampoo, sun cream and washing powder--contain fragrances,\" says Dr. Baron. And strong scents can also cause headaches. Fragrances activate the nose's nerve cells, stimulating the nerve system associated with head pain. To minimize risk, sufferers are advised to minimize the contact. \"Fragrance suggest cleanliness - yet people are smelling a potentially dangerous chemical mixture,\" says Anne Steinemann, professor of the University of Washington. \"We often use them to mask one problem - as with air fresheners - but create a greater one - adding poisonous chemicals to the air.\" \n Answer: The ways of removing allergy.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-50b03c5f0e7641ec8778c329f9d71e5e",
            "input": "Article: What to do if a fire starts?   Imagine it's late at night. You hear the smoke detectors go off. You smell smoke when you wake up. Do you know what to do? If a fire starts in your home, remember your escape plan and leave as quickly as possible. Keep the following things in mind to make a safe escape. * Call\"Fire!\"to warn everyone in your family. * If you know where the fire is, close as many doors as possible between you and the fire. * If you're in bed, roll out of bed and onto the floor. Crawl on the floor next to a wall. Being near the ground makes it easier to breathe. If possible, cover your mouth and nose with a wet cloth. * Feel the entire surface of a door before you open it. If the door is warm or hot, do not open it. The fire is probably right outside your room. Find another way to leave the room. If the door is cool, open it a little. * Look out and try to see the fire. If it is safe, leave the room. Remember to stay on the floor. * If your clothes catch fire, stop immediately. Drop to the ground and roll. Remember:Stop, drop and roll. * Call the fire department from outside and wait for help to arrive. \n Answer: Call\"Fire\"to warn your family members.",
            "output": [
                "What is the first thing you should do if a fire starts in your home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae6bd494379949c6bd41a1441639bafc",
            "input": "Article: Five years ago, Wang Baoqiang was a nobody to most Chinese people. However, he is now a household film star in China. Wang is the youngest child of a poor family in Hebei province . Dreaming of becoming an actor, he left home at the age of 8 to study kung fu at Shaolin Temple, since kung-fu actors seemed to appear most often on the big screen. At 14, he moved to Beijing for his acting career for the first time, with little money in his pocket. He worked at a construction site for 20 to 25 yuan per day, and spent his free time standing in front of the Beijing Film Studio, eager to be chosen as temporary actors. This was the most difficult time for the boy. His opportunity finally came one day after he went for a role in the movie \"Blind Shaft\". He was chosen to play a young coal miner. The movie won him three prizes in Thailand, France and Taiwan. But his success didn't make any difference to his life. That year, he went home for the Spring Festival. He gave his family his earnings from the movie, around US$250 and then returned to Beijing with 500 yuan, the same amount he had when he first set foot in the city. His life was as simple as before. Thanks to his natural performance in \"Blind Shaft,\" he was invited by the famous director Feng Xiaogang to act in the film \"A World Without Thieves\" in 2004, which made him famous immediately. People called him \"Shagen,\" the name of his character in the movie. Wang's latest work, \"Soldiers' Sortie\" has made him the most popular actor on the Chinese mainland . For the actor, it's a dream coming true. \"Dreams come true. I think my life is exactly a course of pursuing dreams. No matter how tough one thing is, I can make it as long as I put great effort into it,\" he said. \n Answer: To make money in support of his family .",
            "output": [
                "Why does Wang Baoqiang leave for Shaolin Temple at his early age ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f710de85e9d54c71a3980c2af240a615",
            "input": "Article: About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our \"act\" would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things. We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path. Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in \"snow\". Two more fans were turned on, and a \"strong wind\" blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold. The next scene was a complete contrast  . The way it was filmed was quite unusual. Pictures in front taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen  . An actor and actress stood of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water's edge on an island. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been brought into the studio! Since it was our turn next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film \"stars\"! \n Answer: A workman for scene setting.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18561c2020f64148ae9bbf2959f594c5",
            "input": "Article: In American crime movies, policemen search crime scenes for anything that might belong to a criminal-- bits of fingernail , blood or hair-- in order to find out who they are. What they hope to find is the key to their identity--their DNA. DNA is the chemical that contains a person's genetic makeup. Every person, except for identical twins, has unique DNA information. That is why we can use it to identify someone. There is no doubt that DNA evidence is becoming a very powerful tool for law enforcement  officers. In the US, all 50 states and the federal government keep DNA databases of some criminals after they have been convicted . Whenever a crime happens, the police collect DNA from the crime scene and compare this with samples they already have in the criminal database. If they match any suspect in the database, then they've caught their criminal. Even if they don't, the DNA sample can still be used to determine the person's sex, height, hair and eye color1 and other characteristics. This helps police to create a physical profile of the criminal. Some people feel that the database should be made bigger to contain everyone's DNA and help to solve many more crimes. This would also avoid mistakes when someone is wrongly convicted of a crime. DNA doesn't make mistakes. However, other people are worried that it would violate their privacy. Someone's DNA can be used to gather information such as the person's family and ethnic  background, whether he or she has a gene mutation or certain genetic diseases, and other personal issues. People are afraid that this information might be used inappropriately. They may fear that employers might read it and treat them differently. People may also be afraid that personal data might get into the hands of insurance firms or loan companies. For example, if they knew from your DNA that you had a genetic risk of a serious disease, they might be able to refuse you life insurance, a loan, or even a job.  Clearly, the use of DNA evidence will continue to help the police solve crimes. However, social and ethical concerns about DNA will also remain a topic of debate. \n Answer: The controversy over DNA databases",
            "output": [
                "What is the article mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6673d12a9a284e11b37bdb0c20fb154e",
            "input": "Article: When we arrived at Prinsengracht, we went quickly upstairs and into the hiding place. We closed the door behind us and we were alone. Margot had come faster on her bicycle and was already waiting for us. All the rooms were full boxes. They lay on the floor and the beds. The little room was filled with bedclothes. We had to start clearing up at once, if we wished to sleep in comfortable beds that night. Mummy and Margot were not able to help. They were tired and lay down on their beds. But Daddy and I, the two \"helpers' of the family, started at once.  The whole day we unpacked the boxes, filled the cupboards and tidied, until we were extremely tired. We did sleep in clean beds that night. We hadn't had any warm food to eat all day, but we didn't care. Mummy and Margot were too tired and worried to eat, and Daddy and I were too busy. \n Answer: Margot",
            "output": [
                "Who was waiting for them when they arrived at the hiding place?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d8df3b4e6dac4be49de170ab347cd465",
            "input": "Article: Air pollution, such as haze, has become a serious problem around the world. Besides wearing a mask, what else can we do to protect ourselves from the dirty air? Scientists have developed a new inhaler   that can reduce the effect air pollution has on people. It could help millions of people who are suffering from air pollution,the Guardianreports. This inhaler is developed by German company Bitop and contains a molecule   named Ectoine. The molecule creates a layer   that protects lungs from polluted air. It's reported that the inhaler will be affordable to most people when it comes to the market. Air pollution kills more than three million people a year worldwide and leads to health problems like lung and heart disease and strokes, according to a 2016 research project in the journalNature. It is also linked to brain disease, mental illness and diabetes  . Andreas Bilstein at Bitop believed that the inhaler could be useful around the world, because air pollution is not just a European problem: \"Especially in Asia - China in particular - the demand for such a product is even higher.\" Many Chinese cities have been suffering from haze. According to World Health Organization, two of the 10 most polluted cities in the world in 2015 were in China. About 800,000 deaths that are linked to air pollution take place in the country every year. However, such inhalers should never be an excuse for not trying to stop air pollution, said Professor Jean Krutmann at the Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine. \"The best thing is that we have clean air and we don't need any prophylactic   treatment,\" he said. \n Answer: It can help us reduce the harm of air pollution.",
            "output": [
                "What is the new inhaler?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-32d9e25ab3db40c99d79eb366840ff73",
            "input": "Article: Controlling traffic is a complex and high cost problem in many developed countries. It becomes more difficult and costly with the ever- increasing number of cars on the roads. But scientists and students at the CATT, at the University of Maryland are working to solve this problem. They are using simulation  technologies to help government and private business control and react to changing traffic conditions. The online economics magazineForbes.comsays traffic congestion  cost Americans $ 124 billion in 2014 and that number could rise to $ 186 billion by 2030. Bui scientists at the CATT lab are trying to reduce those costs. They are developing a system that helps traffic managers. planners, emergency workers and businesses plan and react better. Michael Pack is CATT director. He says the system is important to help emergency workers, or first responders,reach an accident area faster. The CATT Lab collects information from many sources, including roadside devices, GPS (global positioning system) equipment and wireless phones. About 60 students and 30 software developers observe traffic flow and manage the computer servers at all times. They also work to develop software and applications that can help traffic run smoother and safer, Some of them turn the information gathered into so-called \"visualizations\". These visual representations help emergency workers better understand what is happening. The center shares its findings with firefighters, police,Transportation departments and the military. They also share information with universities and transportation company. The technology company Google uses the data for its traffic-related websites. Michael Pack says, the information is then shared with anyone who wants to help traffic run more smoothly. Mr. Pack says the goal is to help develop an intelligent system of road signals that will communicate with each other and with vehicles on the road. \n Answer: They can reach an accident area faster.",
            "output": [
                "What benefit can emergency workers get from the system developed by the CATT lab?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc45f46ce6a14f33901fc44c0527fead",
            "input": "Article: Recently, some concerns have been raised about the health of the world's banana plants. Many media reports have said that bananas may completely disappear in the coming ten years. Bananas are one of the world's most important food crops. They are also the fourth most valuable export. Bananas do not grow from seeds. Instead, they grow from existing plants. Bananas are threatened by disease because all the plants on a farm are copies of each other. They all share the same genetic weaknesses. For example, the Cavendish banana is most popular in American markets. It is an important export crop. However, some kinds of fungus   organisms easily infect the Cavendish. Black Sigatoka disease affects the leaves of Cavendish banana plants. The disease is controlled on large farms by putting chemicals on the plant's leaves. Farmers put anti-fungal chemicals on their crops up to once a week. Another fungal disease is more serious. Panama disease attacks the roots of the banana plant. There is no chemical treatment for this disease. Infected plants must be destroyed. Panama disease has affected crops in Southeast Asia, Australia and South Africa. There is concern that it may spread to bananas grown in the Americas. This could threaten an important export product for Central and South America. The International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain, whose headquarter lies in France, supports research on bananas. The group says that more research must be done to develop improved kinds of bananas. The group says that fungal diseases mainly affect only one kind of banana. In fact, there are five-hundred different kinds of bananas. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says the Cavendish banana represents only ten percent of world production. The UN agency says farmers should grow different kinds of bananas. This protects against diseases that affect only one kind. Experts warn that disease may cause the Cavendish banana to disappear. This has already happened to one popular banana because of its genetic weakness against disease. (words: 335) \n Answer: How to grow bananas in different countries.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af463b60af1148ca88a333f8c8907e7f",
            "input": "Article: Warner Brothers has announced more Harry Potter movies are on the way. The studio is working with Potter author J. K. Rowling to create a new franchise   of movies based on \"Fantastic Beasts And Where To Find Them\", which is a fictitious textbook in the Harry Potter world. The story will also follow the adventures of the book's author, Newt Scamander. Rowling, for the first time, will pen the screenplay. It comes as no surprise that Warner Brothers is trying to keep the Harry Potter franchise going. The films alone have earned $7.7 billion at the box office. The franchise has probably almost doubled those earnings on home video and TV sales. Then there's the many Harry Potter products that fans still _ . But at some point, Harry Potter could seem old hat and that's not something Warner Brothers wants to see happen. So executives had three choices: restart the franchise, come up with continuations or spin off part of the Potter world into a new movie. Without books to support the new stories, the upcoming movies could be a tougher sell for Warner Brothers. Harry and friends won't appear at all in the new movies which will be set in New York 70 years before Harry Potter heads to Hogwarts. The new stories will also net video games, products and enhance Rowling's website. Here's Rowling on the upcoming franchise: It all started when Warner Brothers came to me with the suggestion of turning \"Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them\" into a film. I thought it was a fun idea, but the idea of seeing Newt Scamander, the supposed author of \"Fantastic Beasts\", realized by another writer was difficult. Having lived for so long in my fictional universe, I feel very protective of it and I already knew a lot about Newt. As Harry Potter fans will know, I liked him so much that I even married his grandson, Rolf, to one of my favourite characters from the Harry Potter series, Luna Lovegood. As I considered Warners' proposal, an idea took shape that I couldn't get rid of. That is how I could express my own idea for a film to Warner Brothers. Although it will be set in the worldwide community of wizards   where I was so happy for seventeen years, it is neither a previous work nor a continuation to the Harry Potter series, but an extension of the wizarding world. The laws and customs of the hidden magical society will be familiar to anyone who has read the Harry Potter books or seen the films, but Newt's story will start in New York, seventy years before Harry gets underway. \n Answer: Her unwillingness to see others write the story.",
            "output": [
                "What made Rowling accept Warner Brothers' proposal?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7a2693c2d7fe41ed94edd0896aaa45d8",
            "input": "Article: Below are the best four applications(,app) to help you organize your closet--and trust us, there really is something for everyone. Closet If you're looking to create your own digital closet, then this app is for you. Closet helps you categorize your outfits and keeps you uptodate on what you've already worn. PROS : Very simple and userfriendly. Great for helping you look at your own closet without feeling overwhelmed. CONS : No social interactions. Pose The app makes things insanely easy for the indecisive shopper. So if you're debating whether or not to buy something, you can get a second opinion. The app also gathers photos of items that you wish to buy and items you already own, so they are all in one spot. PROS: When you sign up, you fill out a short survey that helps identify your personal style and subsequently finds people with similar taste that you can follow for inspiration. CONS: The phone application is more visually appealing than the actual website. Stylitics It allows you to categorize your clothes by color, brand, pattern and more. And if you're wondering whether you have already worn an outfit, simply check your style calendar. PROS: The app comes with a \"Today in Fashion History\" tip so you can brush up on your style knowledge. CONS: You can't view your style profile using the app yet unless you log on to the site. Walk in My Closet If you're browsing the Internet, looking for something to buy, you can instantly add the item to your virtual  closet so that your wish list items are all in one place. Besides sharing your closet with other users, you can also sell items you no longer want. PROS: The \"Moodboard\" is a great way to gather inspiring looks that you like from other users and fashion experts. CONS: The luggage feature, which allows you to prepare outfits for an upcoming trip, is only available on the site; it would be useful if it were on the app. \n Answer: Pose.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is designed for people who often hesitate when buying clothes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ffa4cab96065415e8acd9567b3af4152",
            "input": "Article: Visiting U.S. President George W. Bush said in Beijing Friday that both China and the United States should encourage bilateral  contacts and exchanges to promote mutual  understanding. \"It's important for our political leaders to come to China,\" said Bush, who gave a speech Friday morning at Qinghua University, one of the most prestigious universities in China. His working visit to China and discussions with Oinghua students \"help promote\" Sino-U.S.  relations, Bush said in response to a student's question about what he would do to promote Sino-U.S. relations. \"Many people in my country are very interested in China,\" he said, adding that these Americans have learned more about China's culture and the Chinese people. He said that he would keep encouraging such contacts and exchanges between the two countries. Bush said that he would describe back home what he has seen here and that China as a great nation not only has a \"great history\" but also an \"unbelievably exciting future.\" The president said that the 2008 Olympic Games would make a significant opportunity for the rest of the world to understand China, which enables more people to come to China and feel the modernization taking place, and many more people will see it on the television. Bush arrived in Beijing Thursday for a two-day working visit to China. \n Answer: The 2008's Olympic Games is a great change for China been known by the world.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the sentence is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a100ef82d4f8411d8682520f30ef0726",
            "input": "Article: It's always good to experience something new in life. Traveling gives plenty of such opportunities and when you choose a hotel to stay in next time, here, on this website, is a list of 4 most weird   hotels in the world. Dog Bark Park Inn If you keep a dog and love animals, then you will definitely become a fan of this hotel. The shape of the hotel reminds you of a dog. Here visitors will find a microwave oven to prepare a simple meal, games, puzzles and books to entertain themselves, an air conditioner and of course a bath. There is no TV set or a phone though. Das Park Hotel You will love the place because it is perfectly adjusted to basic human needs. However, there is one disadvantage to all these. The matter is that bathroom facilities are not included in the price. Each room here is quite small, but has a bed, electricity and air conditioning. CasAnus Read the name of the hotel attentively and you will easily guess what place exactly you are going to spend your vacation in! The hotel is situated in Kemzeke, Belgium and was designed by Joep van Lieshout. Do not say no to this hotel since it is quite comfortable and nice inside. Hobbit Motel Deep inside we stay kids forever. This is what the creators of the Hobbit Motel kept in mind when they were creating this motel. The Hobbit Motel is located in Woodlyn Park, New Zealand. You will recognize the inn by its blocks it is made of and the green roof covered with a thick layer of grass. \n Answer: Visitors can't make phone calls there.",
            "output": [
                "What can you know about the Dog Bark Park Inn?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1c8e7131b1c448969bf6777b58a5a0eb",
            "input": "Article: Did you know that a turtle can lay 12 eggs in one minute? A large sea turtle lays around 150 eggs at a time. She lays all these eggs in just a few minutes. Large sea turtles live in the warm seas of the world. Except for when they lay their eggs, they spend their whole lives in the water. When it is time to lay their eggs, the females  swim to land. They usually return to the place where they themselves were born. How they find their way back there is unknown. When they reach shore, the big, heavy turtles crawl slowly up to the high water mark. Using their flippers, they pull themselves along the sand. They must struggle like mountain climbers. When they finally reach dry sand, they rest before beginning the difficult task of laying eggs. The turtles lay the eggs in deep holes and cover them with warm sand. The sand protects the eggs from harm. Then the females leave them. After a few weeks, if you happened to be walking along the beach, you might see the sand begin to shake. You may see tiny black balls coming out of the sand. The tiny heads of baby turtles! \n Answer: Sea turtles enjoy staying in the sand.",
            "output": [
                "Which sentence expresses the main idea?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e3e05d0b550e493ab6aac8c8f801053e",
            "input": "Article: Although mobile phones have brought a lot of convenience to people,they have also brought troubles. Besides endless spam text messages(  ),another problem seems even more  annoying.That is the so-called \"one ring\"call.It is a  phone call that only rings one time and stops before the receivers is able to pick it up .When the receiver calls back,the other side is usually a recorded advertisement.And by the time people realize that they have been  _ they've already paid for the call. An article in the China Youth Dailysays that these terrible calls trouble many mobile users day and night.But up till now,the government hasn't taken any steps to solve the problem. It seems that if someone chooses to use a cellphone,he must bear( )the trouble. The number of mobile phone users in China has risen to more than 570 million.Thanks to news reports,many people have come to understand the harm of the \"one ring\"call.Some users say they won't call back if it is an unknown number.But the article points out that this doesn't mean the related government departments should turn a blind eye to it. According to an online survey of more than 200,000 Chinese netizens (  ), nearly 70 percent believed telecommunication( )operators make money from these annoying phone calls.The article argues that \"one ring\"calls not only take away people's money,but also trouble their lives.     New technology should not do harm to society.Instead,people should enjoy the convenience of information technology. Thus, the article advises that laws should be set up to protect people's legal rights. \n Answer: Telecommunication operators",
            "output": [
                "Who helped the mobile users most to realize the harm of the \"one ring\"call?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-50ed8e6db32343a1881d286db7981835",
            "input": "Article: Land Art, sometimes referred to as Earth Art or Earthworks, is a form of art which involves using physical landscapes to create art, taking art out of the museum and into the outside world. Modern Land Art movement really got going in the 1960s when American artists began creating Land Art on a large scale. Today, works of modern Land Art can be seen all over the world, sometimes right alongside much older pieces of Land Art created by people who lived thousands of years ago. Land Art, which is not necessarily unchangeable, can take a number of forms. For examples, in 1970 Robert Smithson created the Spiral Jetty , made of a collection of stones and mud, in the Great Salt Lake. The American artist made a large jetty in a spiral shape which sticks out into the waters of the lake. Reshaping the landscape is a common characteristic of Land Art, which can be created by moving parts around. People can also add things to the environment to create Land Art, like salt, which is added to the Spiral Jetty. It is possible to use plants. In all cases, Land Art is immovable. Land Art is designed to gradually form, change, and eventually decay . That's one of the biggest differences between Land Art and most of the art one sees in the museums. Some works of art can exist only for a few hours or days. Others are exposed to rain and wind so that they develop and decay over time, which is part of the attractiveness in the eyes of the artists. \n Answer: He is a great creative artist.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Robert Smithson?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5a63c5d9ca4b48d693153970d0479689",
            "input": "Article: When asked to list typical English gentlemen,for many,Colin Firth immediately comes to mind. In his recent film,Kingsman:The Secret Service,the 54-year-old actor appears as elegant and violent super spy Harry Hart.One minute he's calm and polite,and then in the next he's skillfully violent and aggressive.For example,in one scene he says,\"Manners maketh a man\",before severely beating up a group of villains .Firth brings out the perfect mix of typical British style and humor through this performance. Firth began appearing on English TV in the early 1990s,but it wasn't until he played Mr Darcy,a charming upper class character from Jane Austen's famous novel\"Pride and Prejudice\",that Firth's career really took off.His portrayal of the perfect fictional gentleman conquered millions of hearts,especially females'. In many fans and critics'eyes,Firth has British good looks,British charm,and a gift for characters with a British sense of being reserved .Movie reviewer Jason O'Bryan described Firth as\"always befitting the calm and stiff-upper-lip British gentlemen character\". However Firth doesn't consider himself the authority on gentlemen.\"I don't necessarily approach every challenge like a perfect English gentleman spy.There are many aspects in my personality that are not consistent with someone like Harry Hart,\"he said to Dialogue,an English--language show on CCTV News. But let's just take his words as another gentlemanly quality-modesty.After all,who might expect an Oscar-winning actor over 50 years old to learn to fight for his first action movie? To prepare for Kingsman,Firth trained for three hours every day over six months.He broke a tooth and got bruised everywhere,but took the damage as a symbol of his accomplishments. In Dialogue,Firth said he had many other sides-he's passionate about literature and literary research.However,to many of his movie fans, he is indeed a gentleman and excellent actor above a11 else. \n Answer: After he played Mr Darcy.",
            "output": [
                "When did Firth come to be famous?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c5c3c5bf93b14365bdc403053350fe1b",
            "input": "Article: Charles Dickens was one of the most beloved storytellers in the English language. His novels made him famous in his own time, and continue as classics in ours.      Dickens began his literary career with almost no formal education. He was born in Landport, on Feb. 7, 1812, the second of eight children. When he was 12, his father was sent to debtor's prison. Dickens was forced to quit school and work in a London blacking factory. He would rework that terrible experience into his fiction for the rest of his life.      \"He was a social reformer,\" says actor Simon Callow, author of a new biography called Charles Dickens and the Great Theatre of the World.  \"He knew what poverty was. He knew what it was to be rejected, to be cast aside, to  live in squalor  .\"      And so Dickens wrote with great sympathy for the suffering of innocent and vulnerable   children - characters like David Copperfield, Little Dorrit and the orphan, Oliver Twist:       With his slice of bread in his hand, and his little brown parish cap on his head, Oliver was now led away from the wretched home, where one kind word or look never lighted the gloom of his infant   days.       Yet he burst into an agony of childish grief as the cottage gate closed after him.  Wretched as were the little companions in,misery he was now leaving behind him, they were the only friends he had ever had.       His first book Sketches by Boz came out in 1836. With the appearance of Oliver Twist in London periodicals in 1837, the 25-year-old Dickens became the most popular writer in England. But his first love was theater, and he considered becoming an actor.      \"When he was actually writing, he became his characters,\" says Peter Ackroyd, author of Dickens: Public Life and Private Passion. \"He would get up from his desk, go over to the mirror and mouth the words - do the expressions, grimaces  , whatever, and then laugh, chuckle to himself, then go back to his desk and write it down.\"      Dickens created 989 named characters, which increased his popularity. Every one of his major works has been adapted for either stage or screen. A Christmas Carol inspired more than a dozen films, from Alistair Sims' Scrooge in 1951 to Jim Carrey's voicing of the same character in Disney's 2009, 3-D animated film.      The original 1843 manuscript  of A  Christmas Carolis on display at the Morgan Library. Dickens wrote everything by hand, in tiny script, with a quill pen. Remarkably, the manuscript is both the first and the final draft, says Kiely, the curator. You can see where Dickens has changed the name of the first chapter from \"Old Marley's Ghost\" to \"Marley's Ghost\". Further down the page, he has canceled an entire section.      \"He realizes he's not writing a novel, and he only has a very short time in which to write this,\" Kiely explains. \"He's got to keep it tight, in order for it to be published in time for Christmas.\"      Dickens wrote all the time. He traveled with a portable inkwell and a supply of quill pens. He was working on his last novel, Our Mutual Friend, en route from France to London when the train he was on crashed.      Dickens died five years later in 1870, after a stroke at age 58. As a comic talent and a social reformer, Dickens' achievement was extraordinary, says novelist T.C. Boyle, who eamed a doctorate in Victorian literature.      \"He achieved what any great artist achieves - a body of work that has entertained and delighted and instructed people down through the ages. That's what we all hope for,\" says Boyle.       But Dickens' greatest fiction was his own character, says Callow, the biographer: \"People think of him as a cheerful man ... but he was increasingly suffering from depression and a sense of hopelessness. And that's worth knowing. I think it's always good to know that great creative individuals have their struggle, their drama.\" \n Answer: His childhood sufferings.",
            "output": [
                "What can probably be reflected in Dickens' works?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7f702925e2bd47a5bc06e5646745fc4a",
            "input": "Article: Today, traditional opinions about men still exist. A man has to be strong, brave, sports loving and manly. Anything less would not be considered manly. Sports such as football, basketball and boxing all tend   to be men's sports. However, the dance of ballet is considered _ because it requires nice movements. This tradition is shown in the movie, Billy Elliot. Billy Elliot is a movie that protests against this traditional view of men. Billy Elliot is an eleven-year-old boy that has a natural talent for ballet dancing, but his father will not allow it. Billy's father wants him to take up boxing and become stronger, but Billy goes against his father's wishes and takes up ballet dancing. This difference of opinion makes Billy sad. What's more, his friends also laugh at him. After saving enough money, his father sends Billy to a weekly boxing course; however, Billy doesn't enjoy boxing because he always loses in matches and is often hurt. His ballet teacher, Mrs. Wilkinson thinks that men or women should not be judged by the activities they like to do, so she tells Billy's father that although he wants his son to make a good living, he should let his son do what he loves to do because he has a talent for it. When his father finally realizes the truth, Billy is surprised. In the end, with the help of his father, brother and all the people around him, Billy goes to the Royal Ballet Academy in London and becomes a very successful ballet dancer. \n Answer: He loves ballet.",
            "output": [
                "Why is Billy laughed at by other children?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1687a190b2c74c6bb83065ed9392e4a8",
            "input": "Article: Tom Becker has won the 2007 Waterstone's children's book prize with his first novel, Darkside, receiving a cheque for PS1,000 and the promise of display in branches of the book store across the country. The 25-year-old author described winning as an \"unbelievable feeling\". \"I didn't think my book would be on the shortlist and stood a chance of winning, and it's amazing to receive such an important award at the beginning of my writing career. Needless to say I am absolutely made up.\" he said. The novel, inspired by film noir , fantasy and a fascination with the dark side of the 19th century, is for children between the ages of nine and 12. It tells the story of a boy, Jonathan Stirling, who discovers a similar world filled with vampires and werewolves . This alternative reality has a clearly Victorian air, and is ruled by a descendant of Jack the Ripper. Soon hunters from the other side begin searching for Jonathan, who finds himself driven into their world. Waterstone's head children's buyer, Wayne Winstone, thought highly of Becker's \"huge\" achievement. He said: \"Tom Becker's writing style attracts you in the same way that Darren Shan's does with his mix of adventure and the supernatural. \"I have a feeling that Tom has real potential and could be one of the big names in children's writing in the future.\" This year's shortlist also included Michael Broad's Jake Cake, Philip Caveney's Sebastian Darke and Siobhan Dowd's A Swift Pure Cry. Last year's prize was won by Julia Golding with The Diamond of Drury Lane. \n Answer: He had expected he would win the prize.",
            "output": [
                "How did Tom Becker feel at the news that he had won the prize?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-09a76abc745c477a82b1e75004312aa5",
            "input": "Article: Nearing the age of 101 has not slowed down one Japanese woman.In fact,in the swimming pool--she is only getting faster. Recently,a 100-year-old Japanese woman became the world's first _ to complete a 1,500-meter freestyle swimming competition in a 25-meter poo1. Her name is Mieko Nagaoka.Ms.Nagaoka set a world record for her age group at a recent Japan Masters Swimming Association event in the western city of Matsuyama.She swam the race in 1hour,15 minutes and 54 seconds. By comparison,the overall female world record holder completed the same distance in just under 15 and a half minutes.But that swimmer,Katie Ledecky,is only 17 years old.And Ms.Nagao.ka was not competing against her.In fact,Ms.Nagaoka was the only competitor in the 100-104 year old category.Her race was not a race of speed but of endurance,or not giving up. Breaking swimming records is nothing new to Ms.Nagaoka.So far she has broken 25 records.But she began competing when she was much younger--at 88. Ms.Nagaoka sufferred a knee injury in her 80s,so she began swimming to help her body recover.Since her first international swimming competition,she hasn't looked back,except maybe to see if her competition is catching up. In 2002.at a masters swim meet in New Zealand,Ms.Nagaoka took the bronze medal in the 50-meter backstroke.In 2004,she won three silver medals at an Italian swim meet. Masters swimming is a special class of competitive swimming to promote health and friendship among participants.Swimmers compete within age groups of five years. Japan has a large number of people who live beyond 100 years old.Until she passed away this month,the oldest person in the world was also from Japan.Misao Okawa was born in 1 898.She said her secrets for longevity,or long life,were good genes,regular sleep,sushi and exercise. \n Answer: 106 to 110 years old.",
            "output": [
                "Which is possibly the age category of the masters swimming competition?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e8a4063714004c7c9f81b333584bac59",
            "input": "Article: Patricia was worried.She had a job interview, and she wanted to look good.She decided to get some new clothes.The store owner, Pallas Hansen, helped Patricia find a suit.But when she left the store, she didn't pay for the suit! How could Patricia do this? She was in a special store called Career Closet in San Jose, California.Pallas Hansen and Charlotte Krumwiede started this nonprofit store to help women.They knew that many women don't find jobs because they don't have the right clothes for a job interview.Women who don't have a lot of money have to use their money to buy food and clothes for their children.They can't buy clothes for themselves. Pallas and Charlotte started the store in 1992 after they heard about a store like this in Chicago.Volunteers work in the store.Working women donate most of the clothes to the store.This makes it possible for the customers at Career Closet to get clothes for free. Career Closet has helped 2,500 San Jose women, but clothes aren't the only things women get at the store.They also get confidence.Patricia is 36 years old.Her husband was hurt in an accident, and Patricia needed a job to support her seven children.She went to Career Closet and got a jacket, a skirt, and a blouse.\"The whole day made me feel special,\" she said.Patricia was a success at her interview, and she got the job.One reason why she got it was that she was wearing the right clothes for the workplace. Pallas says,\" I love this job.Sixty percent of the women get jobs.It's like being a fairy god-mother.\" \n Answer: Chances",
            "output": [
                "What do the women get besides clothes at Career Closet?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c5793a14cd2b4de3b89a582e7456d7d1",
            "input": "Article: Morocco is located at the northwest of Africa and is bordered in the north by the strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea. The Atlantic Ocean keeps the west and the north of the country more temperate . The country also offers the broadest plains some of which run along the Atlantic Ocean and the highest mountains in North Africa including the Atlas Mountains. Starting with the symbol of Morocco, Marrakech is a beautiful city that has remained unspoiled by the volume of tourists that flock there each year. One of the finest monuments in Morocco is greatly benefited by this amount of tourism. Actually their high volume contributes in a positive way to preserve one of the greatest monuments of Morocco. Fes is the third largest city in Morocco and is the capital of the Fes-Boulemane Region. It is separated into three parts, Fes el Bali more commonly known as the old walled city, now classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Fes-Jdid and the Ville Nouvelle. Fes el Bali is believed to be the largest car-free urban area in the world. Fes is a splendid place to visit to heighten the senses with the colours, smells and sounds. Casablanca is an enormous city which is near the capital of Morocco and a place where any European would feel at home. Casablanca was made famous by the movie and gives the impression of being a romantic place. Unfortunately like many other popular cities around the world, it is crowded, noisy, and polluted, a far cry from the romantic ideal of the film. Because it has the biggest port, Casablanca being the important city of Morocco, has everything that the tourists need. Asilah is a city situated on the Atlantic Ocean and is one of the most stunning  old cities of Morocco. The city is set along the cliffs which make it beautifully presented and an ideal place to continue adding to its economy by the fishermen. The economy is also reliant on the trading of cattle, sheep and cereal. If you are having a holiday in Morocco during August then you will be fortunate enough to experience one of Asilah's cultural festivals where you can enjoy the lively music and wonderful paintings. \n Answer: 4.",
            "output": [
                "How many cities in Morocco are introduced in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0f9cb7f26a2f4456aaceeface998439d",
            "input": "Article: Having a husband means an extra seven hours of housework each week for women, according to a new study. For men, getting married saves an hour of housework a week. \"It's a _ ,\" said lead researcher Frank Stafford at University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research. \"Men usually work more outside the home, while women take on more of the housework.\" He points out that differences among households   exist. But in general, marriage means more housework for women and less for men. \"And the situation gets worse for women when they have children.\" Stafford said. Overall, times are changing in the American home. In 1976, women busied themselves with 26 weekly hours of sweeping-and-dusting work, compared with 17 hours in 2005. Men are taking on more housework, more than doubling their housework hours from six in 1976 to 13 in 2005. Single women in their 20s and 30s did the least housework, about 12 weekly hours, while married women in their 60s and 70s did the most - about 21 hours a week. Men showed a somewhat different pattern, with older men picking up the broom more often than younger men. Single men worked the hardest around the house, more than that of all other age groups of married men. Having children increases housework even further. With more than three, for example, wives took on more of the extra work, clocking about 28 hours a week compared with husbands' 10 hours. \n Answer: About 6",
            "output": [
                "How many hours of housework did men do every week in the 1970s?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d933711190414792b08ffaa731b78193",
            "input": "Article: German academics believe they have solved the centuries-old mystery of the \"Mona Lisa\" in Leonardo ad Vinci's famous portrait  . Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a wealthy Florentine merchant, Francesco del Giocondo, has long been seen as the most likely model for the sixteenth-century painting. Art historians have wondered whether the smiling woman may actually have been da Vinci's lover or mother, or the artist himself. Now experts at the prefix = st1 /HeidelbergUniversitylibrary say old notes made in a book by its owner in October, 1503, confirm that Lisa del Giocondo was indeed the model for the famous portrait in the world. \"All doubts about the identity of the Mona Lisa have been removed by a discovery by Dr. Armin Schlechter,\" the library said in a statement on Monday. \"Until then, only 'scant   evidence' from sixteenth-century documents had been available. These had left lots of room for doubt, and many different identities were put forward.\" The comments compare Leonardo to the ancient Greek artist Apelles, and say he was working on three paintings at that time, one of which was a portrait of Lisa del Giocondo. Art experts say the Heidelbergdiscovery is a break-through, and the earliest mention linking the merchant's wife to the portrait. Before this discovery the earliest link dated from around 1550, and was made by Italian official Giorgio Vasari, the library said, adding that there had been doubts about Vasari's reliability. The Heidelbergnotes were actually discovered over two year's ago in the library by Schlechter, a spokeswoman said. Although the findings were published in the library's catalogue, they were not widely publicized, and received little attention until a German broadcaster decided to do some recording there, she said. \n Answer: Lisa Gherardini.",
            "output": [
                "What is the model for the \"Mona Lisa\", according to experts at the library?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-423f7d64ea274054a54261ad9e40f2df",
            "input": "Article: Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning . Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms. Certain microorganisms cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release poisons that make people sick. Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops. Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms. When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous. Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied. \n Answer: Food poisoning means death.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5b0eaafac65d4a0f9702a9f852055f3a",
            "input": "Article: Nicky Haywood, from Nottingham, was found guilty   of travelling on an East Midlands train from Nottingham to Newstead without a ticket. The 27-year-old, who did not appear for his hearing at Nottingham Magistrates  Court  , is now being made to pay the price --- which is almost 200 times the original  price ---- for the 20 minute journey. According to the Nottingham Post, Magistrates have ordered Haywood to pay a $ 220 fine, $ 302 in costs, a $ 22 government surcharge   and the $ 2.80 fare. Senior conductor, Yvonne Clay was working on the day of the incident, according to the Nottingham Post. The newspaper reported that she said Haywood had got on the train without a ticket, though he had the chance to buy one from both vending machines and booking offices on the platform. She said:\"He offered a Solo Electron card but we could not take that on the train. I informed him with a notice to pay. He gave his name and address and had 21 days to pay the fare.\" Even though he was given three weeks to pay the $ 2.80, a payment from Haywood was not received. \n Answer: $546.8.",
            "output": [
                "How much should Nicky Haywood pay according to the court?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-22ebfcb2a5414638abaa6908d731a281",
            "input": "Article: When talking about humor, people often refer to famous humorists such as Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by the pen-name Mark Twain. Samuel Langhorne Clemens, America's famous writer, journalist and humorist, was born in Florida on November 30, 1835.He was the sixth of the seven children in the family.As a child, Samuel was often kept indoors because of his poor health. When Samuel was 12, his father died of a deadly disease and at the age of 13, Samuel had to leave school to make a living.He became a printer's apprentice .A year later, he became skilled at printing by working and studying hard.Samuel was then employed as a printer with pay.After two years, he became an editorial assistant.It was then that young Samuel became aware of his fondness for writing. When he was 17 years old, Samuel left Hannibal for a printer's job in St.Louis.While staying in St.Louis, Samuel became a river pilot in 1858.His pen-name, Mark Twain, came from his days as a river pilot.It is a river term meaning \"safe to sail\". Because the river trade was brought to a stop by the Civil War in 1861, Samuel began working as a newspaper reporter for several newspapers all over the United States.Samuel's career took off and he became famous when his story The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras Country appeared in the New York Saturday Press on November 18, 1865.Samuel's first book, The Innocents Abroad was published in 1896.The two novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (in 1876) and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (in 1885) brought him worldwide popularity.He wrote 28 books and numerous humor stories, letters and plays. Mark Twain passed away on April 21, 1910.To remember him, his childhood home was open to the public as a museum in Hannibal. \n Answer: He lived a rich life in his childhood.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Samuel Langhorne Clemens?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2cc088e8a47a466f978e3214d522e698",
            "input": "Article: My mother has always been a follower of traditional methods when it comes to anything. She cooks traditional food,likes dressing up traditionally and likes the traditional way of shopping. She loves going to markets and going from one shop to another to find out what suits her best. She can walk miles when it comes to shopping along with her friends. She knows all the local markets and shops and knows very well where she can get best discounts . However,now she always gets tired when she goes out in the market. So one day I decided to introduce a new shop,which is much larger than usual markets and where she can also get discounts.I am talking about online gift stores. She has a basic knowledge of computers and can operate computers. At the beginning,she was doubtful about shopping from these online gift shops because she wasn't too sure about the quality of the products. One day I decided to get her some branded things so that she could build trust in these shops. I ordered a Timex watch and a Sisley handbag for her. She never bought things online,but when they were delivered as a gift,she jumped for joy. She could not believe that I had ordered these gifts for her despite her being not much positive about online shops. However,after she saw both the products,she was assured that these online gift shops sent the promised brands and products,she loved her new watch and handbag. After this experience she ordered a gift for her friend's wedding. She chose a gift basket that could be made according to her requirements. They sent a beautifully decorated basket with fine wines and chocolates. The basket was so artistically decorated that it became her friend's favorite gift. Since then she has been consistently shopping online. \n Answer: She lives in a traditional way.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the author's mother?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-93417774a18d4bf2874f8dce46a58f0c",
            "input": "Article: At most schools, \"going green\" means generating less trash or making an attempt to recycle.But at New York's Riverdale Country School, it means being encouraged to run and even jump in the hallway. That's because the school was the first to install ( ) the specially-designed Pavegen floor tiles   in America. The tiles use kinetic energy   expanded by the kids and transform it into electricity that can be used to power classroom lights, science projects and charge electronic devices. The first US installation of Pavegen tiles near the school's student center is thanks to 14-year-old Zach Halem, who managed to convince the officials to purchase them. Besides providing fun green energy, the tiles also serve as a learning tool. Every time a student steps on one, a brightly-lit LED board provides instant feedback   on how much energy was generated. Depending on the force, every step results in between one to seven watts-enough power to light an LED street lamp for about 30 seconds. Made largely from rubber and other recycled materials the tiles are invented by the 26-year-old British industrial designer Laurence Kembell-Cook. While new to the US, they have been installed in numerous places in Europe, ranging from a London underground station to a marathon track in Paris. However, it was not until Pavegen started getting popular in London schools that Laurence realized that his invention not only saved energy, but was also fun! Though the young inventor will not give too many details about the technology behind this green tile, he says that it is very different from other kinetic energy harvesting systems. Whatever the secret, let's hope more US schools decide to install these fun tiles. In fact, why stop at schools? These tiles could be installed everywhere, from sidewalks to homes. Then we could all be \"green\" and have fun! Who knew that was even possible? \n Answer: His original motive to invent the Pavegen tiles was to save energy.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE about Laurence Kembell-Cook?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-86e6f3dbc7644098a600dfb00e69022e",
            "input": "Article: A woman was walking her dog along a beach in New Zealand in late June when she saw something that looked like a white ball in the sand. It turned out to be a young Emperor penguin that was lost. At his age, he should have been close to Antarctic, swimming for fish and playing on the ice floes . But this penguin started swimming north and just kept going. The penguin attracted a lot of attention in New Zealand. It has been 40 years since an Emperor penguin was last seen there. Researchers at the Department of Conservation were called in. They decided to watch the penguin closely, but not to disturb it in any way. Many New Zealanders came to Peka Peka Beach to look at the elegant penguin. They were careful to keep their dogs away from it so it wouldn't be frightened. The public nicknamed the animal Happy Feet. Researchers started to notice that Happy Feet didn't seem well. It turns out that he had been eating the sand from the beach, likely thinking it was snow. The public raised more than 11,000 pounds for an operation to get the sand out of his stomach. The operation was a success, and Happy Feet was taken to a zoo in Wellington, NZ. A group of experts met to decide how to help Happy Feet return to the wild. Last Sunday, they put him on a boat called the Tangaroa, in a specially built ice-filled box and took him out into the Southern Ocean, southeast of New Zealand. There, they released him into the ocean, which is his natural habitat. He took one last look at his human helpers and then dived into the ocean. \"Emperor penguins spend their first five years at sea,\" said Peter Simpson of New Zealand's Department of Conservation. \" What happens now is up to the penguin.\" Happy Feet was fitted with a satellite transmitter so they can monitor his progress using the Internet. So far, the trackers shows that he swam northeast for a little while before getting his bearings and heading south. \n Answer: Near the Antarctic.",
            "output": [
                "Where is the young penguin supposed to appear?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-89d86ae00a0a4cbb9e342edbae2d3c32",
            "input": "Article: When 7-year-old Warren Buffet said \" I will be the richest man one day\", his friends made fun of his \"daydreaming\". But ever since then the little boy has set about learning how to make money, selling drinks, delivering newspapers and buying stocks. He had already earned $ 9,000 ( equal to $ 90,000 today) by the time he graduated from high school and became a millionaire at 32. And this month the 77-year- old, who earned his fortune by making a lot of great investment in the stock market, made his childhood dream come true. With a fortune of $ 62billion, Buffet has risen to be the world's richest man according toForbes Magazine. Born in 1930, Buffet, the only son of a stockbroker, started on achieving his billion-dollar dream at an early age and was always ready to think outside the box to develop his business. At 8 he went to golf courses collecting and selling used balls. At 11 when he sold soda pop door to door with a friend, the pair collected lids on the streets to judge which flavor was the most popular. As a paper boy during high school, Buffet delivered two rival  papers, so that even when customers canceled one of the subscriptions, he could still make a profit from the other. With his paper delivery savings, Buffet bought 162,000 square meters of farmland and collect rent. Young Buffet stepped into the stock market at 11 but earned only $ 5. The experience taught him one of the virtues   in investing: patience. After graduating from university, Buffet started his venture with stocks with his childhood earnings and money from friends. He researched the stocks and just bought those of solid companies that were undervalued and inexpensive at the time. By sticking to companies such as American Express and Coca-cola, Buffet has become rich. \"Learning is important to Buffet's success. He is a learning machine who can spend his entire day reading. He keeps learning, from books, street smarts and investigation, from both success and failure. In this way, he finally over achieved his aptitude ( ) ,\" said Charlie Munger, his long-time business partner. \n Answer: How did Buffet make a fortune and realize his dream.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the selection?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c1fd419a2e3b4437a4fce12041977d35",
            "input": "Article: Many thousands of Chinese are studying at schools in the   United States. And writer Liel Leibovitz says the students are following an example that began in the eighteen seventies. Mr. Leibovitz and writer Matthew Miller joined forces to tell the story of the students in their book, \"Fortunate Sons.\" The book says China sent one hundred twenty boys from 1872 to 1875 to America to learn about developments that could help modernize their country. Mr. Leibovitz got the idea for the book about the boys a few years ago when he was traveling with his wife in China. Mr. Leibovitz learned that Qing government sent a whole delegation  of boys to learn the ways of the West. The goal was for them to return to China and help their country. The book says the boys received their American training in  Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. It must have been a very good education. Mr. Leibovitz says the first prime minister of the Chinese Republic completed this program. And so did the first engineer to build a large-scale railroad without foreign help. The same was true of the fathers of Chinese education, diplomacy and the Navy. The book-writers had only to open some boxes containing the writings of these men to learn about them. Their notebooks, journals, letters and postcards were in English. Mr. Leibovitz said he was lucky to have so much information from events that took place long ago. The students returned to China after about nine years. They no longer spoke Mandarin  well enough to answer questions. Police welcomed them home by putting them in jail. The young men were released after about a week. But they were given low-level jobs. Mr Leibovitz says it took about ten years for them to rise to higher positions. He said their story continues today with large numbers of Chinese studying in the United States. \n Answer: 210.",
            "output": [
                "How many exchange children did Qing government send to America?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-68ecfc37727045acaa0676d1ceb93142",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever been bitten? Of course you have. You are surrounded by living things which might, or do, bite. Even when you rest your head on your pillow, bedbugs are probably nibbling away  at you. They live happily inside most pillows. Take a walk outside and you are a target for \"man's best friend. \" Hundreds of dog-bite victims visit US emergency rooms daily. Many bites are terrible. To avoid the dogs in your neighborhood, you might want to hike into the desert or the woods. There, you run the risk of bites from rattlesnakes, scorpions, and blood-sucking ticks. Not to mention bears, wolves, coyotes, and mountain lions. Speaking of housing, watch out when you touch the corner of your house or garage. Shy but deadly, the black widow spider and the brown recluse spider make themselves comfortable in quiet areas of your closets or garage. One bite from either of them can make you very sick; occasionally, people die from such bites. Unfortunately, many people fear all spiders, not just the few dangerous ones. They squash them or run from them at first sight, not realizing that most spiders are actually beneficial to man. If you're concerned about bites, don't forget about rabid  animal bites. Any warm-blooded animal can get infected with rabies. Although humans in the US rarely get attacked by rabid animals, the disease is painful and dangerous. You will most likely die if you are not treated properly within 48 hours of being bitten. \n Answer: By asking questions.",
            "output": [
                "How does the author introduce the topic of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8533e881b4084088a6e66763a9c7c211",
            "input": "Article: Women's fashions change more rapidly than men's. In the early 1990's, all women wore their skirts to the ankle. Today, some skirts are even longer than before, but some are very short. Women's shoes have also gone through all sorts of boots for women were very common at the beginning of this century. Then for years, they were not considered fashionable. Today, they're back again in all colours, lengths and materials. In fact, today's women can wear all types of clothes on almost any occasion. While all of these changes were taking place in women's fashions, men's clothing remained almost the same until a few years ago. And, in fact, most men are still dressed in the kinds of clothes they used to wear. \n Answer: Neither long skirts nor short skirts.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of skirts do women like to wear today?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2a05cacba074e749413b9e93b527c51",
            "input": "Article: Night after night, she came to tuck me in , even long after my childhood years. Following her longstanding custom, she'd lean down and push my long hair out of the way, then kiss my forehead. I don't remember when it first started annoying me -- her hands pushing my hair that way. But it did annoy me, for they felt work-worn and rough against my young skin. Finally, one night, I shouted at her: \"Don't do that anymore -- your hands are too rough!\" She didn't say anything in reply. But never again did my mother close out my day with that familiar expression of her love. Lying awake long afterward, my words rang in my mind. But pride overwhelmed my conscience, and I didn't tell her I was sorry. Time after time, with the passing years, my thoughts returned to that night. I missed my mother's hands, missed her goodnight kiss upon my forehead. Sometimes the incident seemed very close, sometimes far away. But always it appeared in the back of my mind. Well, the years have passed, and I'm not a little girl any more. Mom is in her mid-seventies, and those hands I once thought to be so rough are still doing things for me and my family. She's been our doctor, reaching for medicine to calm a young girl's stomach or ease the pain of a boy's injured knee. She cooks the best fried chicken in the world...gets stains out of blue jeans like I never could...and still insists on dishing out ice cream at any hour of the day or night. Through the years, my mother's hands have put in countless hours of toil, and most of hers were before automatic washers! Now, my own children are grown and gone. Mom no longer has Dad, and on special occasions, I find myself drawn next door to spend the night with her. So it was that late on Thanksgiving Eve, as I drifted into sleep in the bedroom of my youth, a familiar hand hesitantly stole across my face to brush the hair from my forehead. Then a kiss, ever so gently, touched my brow. In my memory, for the thousandth time, I recalled the night my surly young voice complained: \"Don't do that any more --your hands are too rough!\" Catching Mom's hand in hand, I blurted out how sorry I was for that night. I thought she'd remember, as I did. But Mom didn't know what I was talking about. She had forgotten --and forgiven --long ago. That night, I fell asleep with a new appreciation for my gentle mother and her caring hands. And the guilt I had carried around for so long was nowhere to be found. \n Answer: She felt uncomfortable with her mother's non-smooth hands.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the author annoyed with her mother?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df5c469d38e740d48ec08d13d9ad392a",
            "input": "Article: Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior. One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study. They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner's Dilemma. The game is based on the tension   between the interests   of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher. Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings were. The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment. The study appeared last month in the journal Science. The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children aged two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children aged five to nine. The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not. The study says the IQs--or intelligence quotients--of the younger children who were not _ were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points. Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation. Professor Strauss has written extensively about physical punishment of children. He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development. He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common. \n Answer: Two Recent Studies.",
            "output": [
                "Which could be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eaa4f2655a084973b66a46be0a1bd2f8",
            "input": "Article: It was a comfortable sunny Sunday. I was going to meet an old university friend I hadn't seen for years, and was really excited to hear all his news. My train was running a little late, but that was no big problem - I could text him to say I would be delayed. He would understand. But... where was my mobile phone? I had that familiar sinking feeling. Yes, I'd forgotten it at home. No mobile phone. I'm sure I'm not alone in feeling anxious, _ and worried when I don't have my phone with me. In fact, I know I'm not alone: two-thirds of us experience 'nomophobia', the fear of being out of mobile phone contact. That's according to a study from 2012 which surveyed 1,000 people in the UK about their relationship with mobile phones. It says we check our mobile phones 34 times a day, that women are more 'nomophobic'than men, and that 18-24 year-olds are the most likely to suffer fear of being without their mobiles: 77% of them say they are unable to be apart from their phones for more than a few minutes. Do you have nomophobia ? * You never turn your phone off * You obsessively check for texts, missed calls and emails* You always take your phone to the bathroom with you* You never let the battery run out It's funny to think that around 20 years ago the only people with mobile phones would be businessperson carrying their large, plastic 'bricks'.   Of course, these days, mobile phones are everywhere. A UN study from this year said mobile phone subscriptions would outnumber people across the world by the end of 2014. And when there are more phones than people in the world, maybe it's time to ask who really is in charge? Are you in control of your phone, or does your phone control you? So, what happened with my university friend? When I arrived a few minutes late he just laughed and said: \"You haven't changed at all - still always late!\" And we had a great afternoon catching up, full of jokes and stories, with no interruptions and no nagging  desire to check my phone. Not having it with me felt strangely liberating. Maybe I'll leave it at home on purpose next time. \n Answer: The terrible feeling of being without their mobiles.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage talk about ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3bd8e5aa6afa46bba3bd0a74780716fc",
            "input": "Article: Do you know that you can lose weight just by eating? If someone tells you that the only way to burn fat and lose weight is by eating like a mouse, you know it is not right. Now you can lose weight by eating the right kinds of foods in the right way! Diet pills or fiber  ? Diet pills, while helping you control your appetite  , come with several harmful side effects. To tell the truth, when you use them, you lose more than you gain! Here is a healthier and more natural way: increase your fiber intake. Natural fruits and vegetables are rich in fiber. These foods help keep you full for a long time so that you don't feel hungry too often. Apart from vegetables and fruits, nuts and whole grains are other foods which are rich in fiber! Soft drinks or water? If you feel thirsty, you may either drink lots of soft drinks or water. Here is an interesting fact about soft drinks: since they are rich in sugar, they not only make you fatter but also in-crease your thirst, so that you are forced to drink more of them! Not so with water! It has no unhealthy side effects! Water also cleanses your body of all harmful things and waste products, making it easier for your body to burn fat and lose weight! A large plate or a small one? We all know how important it is to eat less for the purpose of weight loss. Here is one funny thing to note: if you put very little food on a large plate, your brain will think that you have eaten less than your requirement, even though that may not be the case. However, put that same food on a smaller plate, and you will feel completely full! You may not believe it, but this is a fact. In order to feel full, you need to satisfy not only your stomach but also your eyes! \n Answer: Having a good diet.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is a good way to lose weight according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ccc8154f888644cbb8d1b8e28c71e509",
            "input": "Article: Time: July 16-20 Location: Norman Park Conference Center Price: 500 Students who have completed the 5th, 6th or 7th grade and meet our requirements   can take part in this exciting project. Children will spend 5 days in the Center joining in various activities. Our theme for this camp is \"Teamwork\". The title speaks to our goal: We want this trip to help our students improve their sense of cooperation. What to do: Step one: Form work *Click on the link to print out the necessary forms: Propel Missions Camp Forms *Complete the forms, printing clearly. *Turn in your forms along with a copy of your insurance card to the office during business hours. Member form * This form must be signed and notarized  . * Your form may be notarized at the office during normal office hours, at the Children's reception desk before and after service times, or by a lawyer of your choosing. Special needs form (If needed) Special needs form should be filled out only if there is a particular need (as described in the form) of which we and the camp should know. Roommate form This form will help us place your child in a room with the partners he or she prefers. We will provide a list of students attending at your request to help your child make his or her choices. Step two: Read Click on the link and read carefully the Parent Information Packet provided by the camp: Propel Missions Camp Forms (Parents) How to get in touch If interested, get in touch with Pastor Scott at scott. Morrison@fbcvidalia.org or call the office at (912)537-4169. \n Answer: It will begin on July 16 and last for five days.",
            "output": [
                "What do you know about the camp?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-36eab85753464e70a2f1911021cd311c",
            "input": "Article: 2009 is the year of what? Yes, it's the year of the Ox. But do you know that 2009 is also the year of the telescope? This year the world celebrates the 400thanniversary of Galileo's observations of the universe through an astronomical telescope  . In 1609, the Italian scientist first pointed a \"Dutch perspective glass\" at the night sky and made discoveries that changed mankind's conceptions of the universe.  In honor of Galileo's discoveries, the United Nations and the International Astronomical Union have declared 2009 to be the International Year of Astronomy (IYA 2009). IYA 2009 is a yearlong celebration of astronomy. Its goal is to spread knowledge of astronomy's contributions to society and culture and to inspire more interest in astronomy and science, especially among young people. The theme of the celebration is \"The Universe, Yours to Discover.\" One interesting aim of the IYA is to encourage more diversity   in the field of astronomy and physics. IYA organizers hope that the yearlong celebration of astronomy will inspire more females and underrepresented minorities to pursue   careers in science. An event that will help further that goal is 100 Hours of Astronomy (100 HA) that will fall on April. This event aims to have as many people as possible look through a telescope. From April 2ndto 5th, millions of people worldwide will peer through telescopes to catch their first glimpse   of the universe, just as Galileo's did 400 years ago. Sidewalk astronomy events will give city-dwellers   an excellent opportunity to see the moon, the planet Saturn, and other objects in position for early evening observations.  Organizers hope that the activities of IYA will \"promote   a greater appreciation of the astronomy.\" So join the fun. Look through a telescope this year! \n Answer: The celebrations in IYA 2009.",
            "output": [
                "What does the article mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-edeb457e9bab49e5ba4d12ad13d3b199",
            "input": "Article: People who daydream are often thought of in negative terms, such as being lazy or not doing what they should be doing. However, scientists who study the brain have learned many interesting things from studying the brains of daydreamers. Far from being a waste of time, recent research has shown that daydreaming is a healthy and useful activity for all of our brains. To study the brain, scientists use special devices that scan the brain and show pictures of which parts of the brain are active at certain times. When a person is daydreaming, the device will show a distinct pattern of activity in the brain called the \"default\" mode of thinking. In the default mode, the top or outside part of the brain is very active. Actually, several regions of the brain are interacting in this mode. Some scientists describe this mode as a time when the brain focuses on itself rather than focusing on the environment around the person. Typically, this occurs when a person is doing simple, undemanding work or performing routine actions that don't need much attention, like walking to school or cooking simple foods. People tend to daydream during such activities. The importance of daydreaming lies in developing both creative and social skills. When the mind is not engaged in dealing with one's immediate situation or problem, then it is free to wander. A time of wandering allows the mind to create things. New inventions may be imagined, or possible solutions to a problem can be planned. For example, solutions to problems in relationships with other people may spring to mind. In fact, most daydreams involve situations with others. Perhaps these are daydreams based on past memories, or daydreams of what might be in the future. In either case, daydreams help us develop the appropriate skills we can use in real interactions with others. As brain specialist Dr. Marcus Raichle of Washington University explains: \"When you don't use a muscle, that muscle really isn't doing much. But when your brain is supposedly doing nothing and daydreaming, it's really doing a great amount.\" During the so-called \"resting state\" the brain isn't resting at all! \n Answer: Why is daydreaming good for people?",
            "output": [
                "Which question does the passage mainly focus on?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-77e7f97ff8f345f3bf7ad7ed370f7636",
            "input": "Article: Normally when I pop in to see my parents, my mum bursts out of the house with a big smile. Not today. \"Your brother,\" she says, \"he's showered twice this afternoon. Does he know how much it costs to run this house?\" Are we limiting water now? I didn't think the recession  had got that bad. My poor brother is a boomerang kid. Like 60 percent of guys immediately after university, he's back at home. Graduating PS15,000 in debt and faced with unpaid internships  or low wages thanks to the flooding of the market with graduates, a lot of twenty some things simply don't have the necessary income or parental support to live independently. Three years after getting their degree, most graduates are still not earning above the average salary. They have a near 50 percent tax burden, thanks to student loan repayments and council tax on top of income tax and national insurance. Unless you have parents who can afford to finance what is effectively a second home for them, returning to the parental nest is often the only affordable option. The boomerang effect is becoming even more pronounced thanks to the recession. One in four of those losing their job during the downturn is under 25. Only 13 percent of final-year students have jobs. Home is the only place many are going: 111,000 16-29 year olds moved back home in 2008, five times the average of previous years. Boomeranging is bad news. It poses serious problems for parents' finances. They've already supported their children through university, topping up loans with handouts, averaging PS12,300 in total, to keep twenty somethings afloat. Now their retirement savings are being eaten away by continuously dependent children. It's bad for the returning kids too. Ambitious young people will be left frustrated, seeing their university peers from more wealthy backgrounds excel only because parents' money was there to support them through the initial period of poverty wages. Those living in rural areas are further disadvantaged by lack of access to cities where most new jobs are located. Half of all young people now feel they will not achieve their goals. Research by the Prince's Trust reveals that one-quarter of all 16-25 year olds are regularly down or depressed. And depression does not help self-motivation, the very trait needed to seek out job opportunities. \n Answer: A youth returning to parents after graduation.",
            "output": [
                "What is the boomerang mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1cb6a7311b654d4cb0795d42cdbb0e71",
            "input": "Article: The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two sources of heat used for cooking are natural gas or electric stoves. The World Health Organization(WHO) warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. The WHO finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year. Indoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook stoves in the home. WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. And they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4.3 million people die from household air pollution given off  by simple biomass and coal stoves. These findings show that the home use of poisonous fuels is to blame for many of these deaths. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste and so on. Carlos Dora is Coordinator in the WHO' s Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene fuel indoors. He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not correct the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors. \"New technologies and clean fuels can rid people of this problem.\" The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of families in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, are also at risk. Nigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.\"There are already many technologies for clean fuels available now. An effective and reasonably low-cost ethanol stove that is made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company)is now being tested out. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves.\" In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $8. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1. \n Answer: People should use new technologies and clean fuels.",
            "output": [
                "According to Carlos Dora, what is the best solution to indoor air pollution?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b9f573455c0e4657a9c82412a79c0bcf",
            "input": "Article: Looking back on China's road to outer space, people can easily find it has not been very smooth. In the past years, Chinese people have made hard and determined efforts to realize the dream their ancestors had for thousands of years. After China's first satellite into the Earth's orbit in 1970 came four flights of unmanned Shenzhou missions  from 1999 to 2002. The country carried out its first one-piloted space flight in October, 2003, making China the third country in the world to have independent human spaceflight ability after the Soviet Union and the United States. Then came another breakthrough on October 12, 2005, when Shenzhou 6, China's second human spaceflight, was launched, with a crew of two astronauts. What's more, the landmark spacewalk done by Zhai Zhigang, one of the three boarding Shenzhou 7, launched on Sept. 25, 2008, leads the country further in its space exploration. Meanwhile, China's moon exploration project, started in 2004, has also been progressing satisfactorily. Fifty years after the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the world's first man-made satellite, China's first circumlunar satellite Chang'e 1 took off on Oct.24, 2007, which became another milestone  in China's space achievements after the above-mentioned manned flights. Chang'e 1 was expected to fulfill four scientific goals, one of which was to probe mineral elements on the moon, especially those not existent on Earth. It's said that the lunar regolith  is abundant in helium-3, a clean fuel that may support the Earth's energy demands for more than a century. Nearly 3 years later, Oct. 1, 2010 witnessed the blasting off of Chang'e 2, China's 2nd unmanned lunar probe, marking another step forward in moon exploration. This time the aim is to test the key techniques of Chang'e 3 and Chang'e 4, as a preparation for a soft lunar landing in the future. With great expectations, people all over the world are looking forward to China's greater space achievements. \n Answer: 7",
            "output": [
                "Altogether how many astronauts have made successful spaceflight by Shenzhou spaceship by now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1c49a9a65ea04529a553dcfded491de1",
            "input": "Article: Last spring, members of Alaska's Troop 34, based in Fairbanks, trudged   out into the snowy wilderness to take part in their state's Take a Kid Trapping program. In many parts of the state, beavers  are pests and need to be controlled. The 10-to-12-year-old girls found out where beavers lived, set traps, and skinned the two animals they caught. The girls hope to catch ten more beavers so that the entire troop can make mittens and hats with the fur. They also want to cook beaver meat. Troop leaders and members say the Scouts are doing a good deed by helping control the state's beaver population. But animal-rights activists say trapping is cruel. They want the Girl Scouts to stop in their tracks. Beavers aren't only causing a problem in Alaska. Residents in Sampson County, N.C., have turned to a local committee to help them battle the growing beaver population there. County landowners are frustrated after the county spent more than $ 50,000 in eight years trying to reduce the beaver population through a government program. The joint state and federal program included paying money to trappers for every beaver carcass they trapped. Many local residents say that the program didn't work because there were too few trappers. That's why the county set up its own committee to investigate other ways to control the area's beaver population. The county will rely on its own beaver-trapping program. It has hired a trapper to set traps in various areas. The county will pay $10 for every beaver carcass. Why do many people say that beavers are a nuisance? For beavers to survive, they need lots of water. Water provides the large rodent  with a place to hide from meat - eating animals. Beavers also store food underwater for the winter. When there's not enough water in a particular area, beavers get busy building dams. Beaver dams can cause major flooding and damage to the surrounding countryside as the animals cut down trees to use in their construction projects. Beavers build canals to transport heavy objects. \n Answer: A sports team.",
            "output": [
                "What is Alaska's Troop 34?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-80c7de4a9dc94b418c544484b3819a23",
            "input": "Article: Doctor are known to be terrible pilots. They don't listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn't realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather. I learned about crew resource management  , or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions. I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear   down. He was a better pilot - and my boss - so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, \"We need to put the landing gear down now!\" That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I've used it in the operating room ever since. CRM requires that the pilot/ surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I'm in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they're not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from \" _ \". \n Answer: They are unwilling to take advice.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author say about doctors in general?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c86cd336e1f4e88bb368844cba45a1c",
            "input": "Article: The woman at the airline ticket counter in prefix = st1 /Munich,Germany, just shook her head. \"I'm sorry, but there's no more availability on this flight,\" she said. God, I thought. My husband, Bob, and I had enjoyed every moment of our dream vacation, two weeks in Europe, but I was ready to go home toShreveport,Louisiana, and sleep in my own bed. Bob could see how frustrated I was. \"We'll just have to try to get on the flight tomorrow,\" he said. \"Let's enjoy the extra day.\" My son Joe, a First Lieutenant   in the Army 82nd Airborne Division  , would be returning to Ft. Bragg in North Carolina for a short rest and recovery from his tour of duty in Baghdad, and we weren't sure we'd be able to see him in the little time he'd be stateside. Plus, the time was so up in the air! Back at our hotel, I checked my e-mail to see if our daughter-in-law Monica had any news on when Joe was due to arrive. Sure enough, there was a message. \"Joe's been delayed again,\" it read. The next morning we made it onto our flight back to the States. Unfortunately, we had to stop in Atlanta. Our connecting flight there was delayed because of bad weather. The hours passed. I felt the frustration building. \"That's it!\" I finally said. \"I just want to get home!\" That's when I saw a group of soldiers coming down the ramp  from one of the gates. I thought of Joe. They're coming back from a war, I reminded myself, while I'm coming back from vacation. What right do I have to be frustrated? Maybe the troops were God's way of reminding me to trust in his time. Bob grabbed my arm. \"Look at those soldiers coming down the ramp.\" \"I see them,\" I said. Bob persisted, \"Do you see who's in front?\" Suddenly, all those delays across all those miles made perfect sense. I rushed toward my son Joe's open arms. \n Answer: To cheer his wife up.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Bob say \"Let's enjoy the extra day\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d66434df76b04a3a9899e73a2900fa89",
            "input": "Article: Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing,our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not. A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos  nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can't judge a book by its cover, yet people do \"cover\" themselves in order to convey  certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept. Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees  ,because those people represent the companies to their customers. As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can't expect all our customers are. There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal. \n Answer: What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dcbd41d418f14347a0a4727601bd93b1",
            "input": "Article: When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When we're hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer. With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education. One cost-cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor's degree in three years instead of four. Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. But there's a question: Would the quality of undergraduate education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a \"three-year degree\" model. I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three-year curriculum   any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits. In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly \"throw out\" one quarter of the required credits. Professors will resist \"diluting  \" the quality of the education they offer. In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education. A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major. It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than it's not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns   in meaningful part-time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five-year co-op program at Northeastern University. ks5uks5u \n Answer: Best learning takes place over time",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8966217274344cf281eab45bde25eca9",
            "input": "Article: Most magazines, whether online or print, will include book reviews. However, most editors and staff writers are usually too busy to read books and review them themselves. Therefore, writing book reviews can be a great way to get started with a writing career. How do you write a great book review that will be sure to be noticed? Follow these tips to write a really interesting and unique book review. Start with a description of the book. Many people that are reading your review may not know anything about the book you're reviewing. Instead of making readers go find information on their own by searching for the book title, start out with a little description of the book. Make sure you avoid too long of a summary. Start with a short paragraph or so that hits all the major points but doesn't give too much away. You don't want to tell your readers everything about the book, because then they won't have to read it at all. Just give enough information so your readers are interested in reading the book. Be objective. Some magazines like to publish book reviews that are completely impersonal. This means that they want a review of the book that doesn't share your opinion and that in which your opinion isn't obvious from reading what you wrote. If you hated a book, it might not be a great book to review. You probably want to review books that you enjoyed. Avoid talking about how much you liked the book, however. You should not include your personal reaction to the book until the very end, where you include a sentence or two about whether or not you would recommend a book and to whom you would recommend it. Look through a lens . A great way to get your review noticed is to look at a book through a specific lens. Read the book as a feminist would, for example, and talk about what a feminist might say to applaud or criticize the book. You can choose any number of lenses, and feminism is just one choice. An economic lens, a family lens, the lens of a different nationality, or the lens of a child could all be interesting ways to look at a book. If you look at a book in this way, instead of just reading it and forming your own opinion, it will be much more interesting and marketable. This is especially the case if you look at a lens that relates to the subject of the magazine to which you are submitting. Feminist magazines love book reviews about books read through a feminist lens, for example, because it is appropriate to their readership. Talk about the writer's style. Another great way to write a book review is to talk about the writer's style. Anyone can pick up a book and read the story, but it takes an experienced writer to note interesting things about another writer's style and write about them intelligently. Furthermore, most people want to know if a book is easy or fun to read over whether or not the subject matter will interest them. \n Answer: To offer tips on writing book reviews.",
            "output": [
                "For what purpose is the passage written?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-53e5256ffa7a4ffeb42670717b98db65",
            "input": "Article: Four American college students learned last week that free music downloads can carry a hidden price tag --- US $ 12,000 to $ 17,500, to be exact. Major record companies accused the students of fueling music piracy  by running file-sharing networks on campus allowing hundreds of songs to be downloaded for free. Last Thursday, the four promised not to violate the companies' copyrights. Although they did not admit any wrongdoing, they each agreed to pay thousands of dollars to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). \"I don't believe that I did anything wrong,\" said Daniel Peng at prefix = st1 /PrincetonUniversity, one of the four. \"I hope that for the sake of artists, the larger issues can soon be resolved.\" None appears to have made any money off the file-sharing systems they operated, which were confined to their campus's computer networks. The payments mark the first time record companies have recovered money from individuals in the USaccused of piracy on file-sharing networks. This may be a sign of things to come, as the industry starts taking its battle against online piracy directly to users. Many record-company executives  blame the long slump in CD sales on file-sharing networks, which let users copy songs from each other's computers for free. Matt Oppenheim, senior vice president of business and legal affairs for the RIAA, said the settlements, although well below what the companies could have asked for, were \"the right amount\" given the situation. He also noted that since the four lawsuits were filed, at least 18 campus file-sharing networks have been taken down by their operators. \n Answer: Some record companies wanted to earn money by accusing people of pirating music.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the whole passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57423b2c2a994a30b8d4b0590768d449",
            "input": "Article: I was in a rush as always, but this time it was for an important date I just couldn' t be late for! I found myself at a checkout counter behind an elderly woman seemingly in no hurry as she paid for her groceries. A PhD student with not a lot of money, I had hurried into the store to pick up some flowers. I was in a huge rush, thinking of my upcoming evening. I did not want to be late for this date. We were in Boston, a place not always known for small conversation between strangers. The woman stopped unloading her basket and looked up at me. She smiled. It was a nice smile --warm and reassuring -- and I returned her _ by smiling back. \"Must be a special lady, whoever it is that will be getting those beautiful flowers,\" she said. \"Yes, she' s special,\" I said, and then to my embarrassment, the words kept coming out. \"It' s only our second date,but somehow I am just having the feeling she's 'the one' ,\"Jokingly, I added, \"The only problem is that I can' t figure out why she' d want to date a guy like me.\" \"Well, I think she's very lucky to have a boyfriend who brings her such lovely flowers and who is obviously in love with her,\" the woman said. \"My husband used to bring me flowers every week -- even when times were tough and we didn' t have much money. Those were incredible days; he was very romantic and -- of course -- I miss him since he' s passed away.\" I paid for my flowers as she was gathering up her groceries. There was no doubt in my mind as I walked up to her. I touched her on the shoulder and said, \"You were right, you know. These flowers are indeed for a very special lady.\" I handed her the flowers and thanked her for such a nice conversation. It took her a moment to realize that I was giving her the flowers I had just purchased.\"You have a wonderful evening,\" I said. I left her with a big smile and my heart warmed as I saw her smelling the beautiful flowers. I remember being slightly late for my date that night and telling my girlfriend the above story. A couple of years later,when I finally worked up the courage to ask her to marry me,she told me that this story had helped to _ it for her -- that was the night that I won her heart. \n Answer: He was to meet his girlfriend.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the writer in a hurry that day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a1c9c8794b29486b834231e80938dc4b",
            "input": "Article: If you're a male and you're reading this, congratulations! You're a survivor. According to statistics,you're more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term,about 78 years for men in Australia,you'll die on average five years before a woman. There're many reasons for this--typically,men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don't go to the doctor. \"Men aren't seeing doctors as often as they should,\" says Dr. Gullotta.\"This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike. According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 49s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70%of men in the same age group. \"A lot of men think they're unbeatable,\"Gullotta says.\"They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, Geez, if it could happen to him ...\" Then there's the ostrich approach.\"Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,\" says Dr. Ross Cartmill. \"Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,\" Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. \"Prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases.Besides, the final cost is far greater,it's called premature death.\" \n Answer: They are more likely to survive serious diseases now.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author congratulate male readers at the beginning of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b48d9a345b4e4df28a36097bc8db1cf2",
            "input": "Article: At Japan's Studio Ghibli, which has produced extraordinary animated films since 1985, the best-known figure has always been one of the company's founders, Hayao Miyazaki. But an equally key figure is co-founder Isao Takahata, who has recently made a new feature, The Tale of Princess Kagnya. It is an unforgettable feature with an unusual hand-drawn aesthetic . The title character is a tiny baby girl who appears in a bamboo plant. She is found by a woodcutter, who takes her home and brings her up. He believes the little girl is a princess, and sets about preparing what he regards as a suitable world for her. This original story is the oldest work of fiction in Japan; every child knows it in its simplified folktale form. \"It is a fascinating story with elements of wonder, humour, and sorrow,'' Takahata says, \"but these three elements are scattered about.\" The chief challenge for anyone trying to adapt it is that \"we are completely unable to comprehend what was in the heart of Princess Kaguya. Because of this, despite its being well known, few people consider it interesting. There have been several attempts at making a film out of the story, but they ended up being abandoned.\" He was connected with one of these attempts, but no one paid any attention to his concept. \"Fifty-five years later, I thought my concept was still appealing, and used it as a basis for turning the story into a feature film.\" His concept involves the princess's origins, her expectations and her access to \"the full range of human emotions\". To realize his vision, Takahata says, \"I needed to take the extremely individualistic brushwork and key designs of Osamu Tanabe and Kazuo Oga, two brilliantly talented artists, and have them permeate throughout the film. The two of them drew many pictures, but they weren't nearly enough. The most challenging part was to have all the other animation staff copy their styles in a free and easy way.\" The Tale of Princess Kaguya has been released, and people are saying that the two founders, now in their seventies, have directed their final films. But is it as clear-cut as that? When I ask Takahata about a scene of escape and urgency with a particularly distinctive   visual style, he says he had intended to use \"this type of rough-drawn, forceful animation, in a project before this film. \"That project hasn't been realized yet, but if it comes to pass, this style is essential.\" A hint, perhaps, there's still more to come. \n Answer: Because people are in the dark about the feelings of Princess Kaguya.",
            "output": [
                "Why is it challenging to adapt the original story to a feature film according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e1b52c6760f44a75aaf5dac48d09da77",
            "input": "Article: China is the country with the largest population in the world. Too many people cause many problems such as food problem. And today, China's population is still growing very fast. So in order to control the population, China has formulated the policy of family planning, that is late marriage, late childbirth and having fewer but healthier children. Men of 22 years old and women of 20 years can get married. If a man of 25 or over 25 gets married with a wo-man of 23 or over 23 , their marriage is late marriage. Childbirth by a woman at the age of 23 or late is a late childbirth. The country encourages people to have only one child. Family planning is a useful policy to control China's population. And it is still needed in China in the following years. \n Answer: China's family planning",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e18fdc8dcd9c4469944f54b4612e57df",
            "input": "Article: Student Membership-----Cambridge Arts Cinema     Cambridge Arts Cinema is one of the art houses in Britain and home of the internationally celebrated Cambridge Film Festival. Since 1947 generations of students have discovered the wealth of world cinema. Now you too can make most of it and save money. At the Arts you can... * choose from up to 40 films a month * see up to 8 premieres each month * catch screenings when you like--we open early and close late * increase your knowledge of film with our special events--each year we run seasons on various types of films and directors * meet the filmmakers What _ you _ get _ as _ a _ member: * invitation to a preview screening  * PS1 off the standard prices(PS4.50/PS3.50)for any screening including special events * your own copy of each cinema programme mailed free of charge * a card with your own membership number * 50% off membership to the Cambridge Darkroom Gallery   So what are you waiting for?Just fill in the form and return it either in person or by post to: Box Office Cambridge Arts Cinema 8 Market Passage Cambridge CN2 3PF It costs PS15 to join and your card can be used from 1st October 2011 to 30th June 2012. Cinema Information:01223 572929 (24hr) Box Office:01223 50444448. \n Answer: The Cambridge Film Festival.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the most famous event held at Cambridge Arts Cinema?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fcd536eee6b04822951571f44b841be4",
            "input": "Article: Odland remembers like it was yesterday working in an expensive French restaurant in Denver. The ice cream he was serving fell onto the white dress of a rich and important woman. Thirty years have passed, but Odland can not get the memory out of his mind, nor the woman's kind reaction . She was shocked, regained calmness and, in a kind voice, told the young Odland. \"It is OK. It wasn't your fault.\" When she left the restaurant, she also left the future Fortune 500 CEO  with a life lesson: You can tell a lot about a person by the way he or she treats the waiter. Odland isn't the only CEO to have made this discovery. Instead, it seems to be one of those few laws of the land that every CEO learns on the way up. It's hard to get a dozen CEO's to agree about anything, but most agree with the Waiter Rule. They say how others treat the CEO says nothing. But how others treat the waiter is like a window into the soul. Watch out for anyone who pulls out the power card to say something like, \"I could buy this place and fire you,\" or \"I know the owner and I could have you fired.\" Those who say such things have shown more about their character  than about their wealth and power. The CEO who came up with it, or at least first wrote it down, is Raytheon CEO Bill Swanson. He wrote a best-selling book called Swanson's Unwritten Rules of Management. \"A person who is nice to you but rude to the waiter, or to others, is not a nice person,\" Swanson says. \"I will never offer a job to the person who is sweet to the boss but turns _ o someone cleaning the tables.\" \n Answer: The woman left the restaurant at once.",
            "output": [
                "What happened after Odland dropped the ice cream onto the woman's dress?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6d5a1d8efec643b09b793fea67d0900c",
            "input": "Article: Those who are used to looking through thousands of books in big bookstores may find Japan's Morioka Shoten a little strange. That's because this tiny bookstore that is located in Ginza, Tokyo sells only a single book at a time. Opened in May 2015, Morioka Shoten is the brainchild of Yoshiyuki Morioka. The experienced bookseller began his career as a bookstore clerk in Tokyo's Kanda district before branching out to open his own store. It was here while organizing book readings that he realized that customers usually came into the store with one title in mind. Morioka began to wonder if a store could exist by selling many copies of just one single book. In November 2014, he partnered with his two friends, to establish a unique bookstore with the idea of \"A Single Room, A Single Book.\" Like its offering, the bookstore is simple. The selections that are picked by Morioka change weekly and vary widely to attract customers with different interests. Recent choices include The True Deceiver, an award-winning Swedish novel by Tove Jansson, Hans Christian Andersen's Fairy Tales, and a collection of artist Karl Blossfeldt's photography of plants. Morioka has also chosen books written by famous Japanese authors Mimei Ogawa and Akito Akagi. To highlight his only offering, Morioka often uses clever methods. For example,when selling a book about flowers, he decorated his shop with the ones that had been mentioned in the book. He also encourages authors to hold talks and discussions so they can connect with customers. Morioka says his goal is for the customers to experience being inside a book, not just a bookstore! Risky as the idea might seem, things appear to be going well. Morioka says he has sold over 2,100 books since he opened it. Things can get better considering that   his bookstore is becoming increasingly popular not just among the locals but also visitors from other countries. \n Answer: His working experience",
            "output": [
                "What inspired Morioka to open such a bookstore?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c56e04d05b2844f0bd895ba92f7088f2",
            "input": "Article: The English are often described as unfriendly people who don't talk to strangers .  But not London taxi drivers. I once asked one cabby to describe his life to me and he didn't stop talking until I arrived home half an hour later. He told me many interesting stories and this is one of them.\"Some strange things happen late at night. The other day I was taking a woman home from a party. She had her little dog with her. When we got to her house, she found that she'd lost her key. So, I waited in the cab with her dog while she climbed in through the window.\" \"I waited and waited. After half an hour of ringing the bell I decided to find out what was going on. I tied the dog to a tree and started to climb in through the window. The next thing I knew was that the police came. They thought I was to rob the house! Luckily, the woman came downstairs. She'd gone to sleep and forgotten about me and the dog. I was in such a hurry to get away that I forgot to ask her for the fare.\" \n Answer: They like to talk to strangers.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer think of the London taxi driver?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-94521ae3fae04aac994d1d7fcad06198",
            "input": "Article: We Chat, the Chinese social media smartphone app, saw an increase in user numbers of 41 per cent year on year to 500m at the end of 2014, in a sign that parent company Tencent is extending  its reach for the mobile internet. Revenue grew 24 per cent to Rmb20.98billion, slightly higher than forecasts, driven mainly by online gaming revenues. It is unclear how much WeChat contributed to Tencent's revenues but the app's growth is a strong indicator of the company's long-term health as it tries to adjust its business to be more suitable for mobile devices. \"We extended our leadership in games and online media, and made breakthroughs in emerging platforms such as online security . . . and mobile payments,\" Ma Huateng, Tencent chairman, said in a statement. WeChat is the second highest ranked app in China, behind QQ, Tencent's other chatting app, which claimed to have 815m registered monthly users at the end of 2014. However, that figure is more than the total number of internet users in China, which the government puts at 640million. Tencent has been unwilling to earn money through WeChat by flooding it with advertising, which could reduce efforts to increase the user base. But this is expected to change. Some analysts predicted that advertising would be introduced on later this year. Early attempts to test ads on the service have not always gone smoothly. After a BMW ad was introduced on some users' feeds in January, many users complained of \"discrimination\" by Tencent's data mining algorithm. They said it unfairly considered them as not wealthy or successful enough to view the sought-after BMW ad. \n Answer: Advertisments",
            "output": [
                "What is the main driving force of the Tencent's income growth?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4158f1f240294fe1be5744419e97cd74",
            "input": "Article: Top chefs aren't known for their friendly character. Assistants who overcook food by ten seconds usually struggle to get out of the kitchen alive. My father was a top chef. We'd had a stormy relationship for years, but I decided to follow in his footsteps anyway, and train as a chef. It was better than the dead-end I 'd reach with the job I'd been doing. After three years, I became head chef in a restaurant called The Tortoise. As the boss, I made important decision but if anything went wrong, I was the one who should take the responsibility. Experiencing the sweaty kitchens, I learned why my father was the way he was. When I began, _ ---I just wanted a regular job--but soon I realized my career was taking off. The rich and famous started to visit the restaurant and eventually came the time when I had to decide about my future: I could either open my own restaurant or go and work for one of the big ones. Then life made the decision for me. My father tried and I got his job. On my first day, I received an unfriendly welcome. No one would talk to me. What made it worse was that I was ill--I had a cold , and my hands were shaking as I went into the kitchen. I held my breath, stood up in front of everyone and said, My name is Leah Kleist. You all know my father. whether you loved him or hated him, I don't care. He is the past. Now let's get to work. And we did. \n Answer: They got punished",
            "output": [
                "What will happen to assistants who overcook food?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f300ca5b3ec4c43ba06ad9aed46ed3c",
            "input": "Article: Some scientists have suggested that it might in some cases be ethically  acceptable to clone existing people. One possibility is generating replacement for a dying  . All such possibilities, however, raise the concern that the clone would be treated as less than a complete individual, because he or she would likely suffer from limitations and expectations based on the family's knowledge of the genetic \"twin.\" Those expectations might be false, because human personality is only partly determined by genes. The clone of an extrovert  could have a quite different way of behavior. Clones of athletes, movie stars, or scientists might well choose different careers because of chance events in early life.        Some people have also put forward the belief that couples in which one member is infertile  might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner. But society ought to be concerned that a couple might not treat naturally a child who is a copy of just one of them. Because other methods are available for the treatment of all known types of infertility, the traditional choice seems more appropriate. None of the suggested uses of cloning for making copies of existing people is ethically acceptable to my way of thinking, because they are not in the interests of the resulting child. It should go without saying that I am strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos  to develop so that they can be tissue donors.        In spite of this, it seems clear that cloning from cultured  cells will offer important medical opportunities. Predictions about new technologies are often wrong: societal attitudes change; unexpected developments occur. Time will tell. But biomedical researchers looking into the potential of cloning now have plenty to do. \n Answer: The clone created will be mistreated.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's concern about cloning an existing person?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ffedc7595bc049afb29a806a8e8699f1",
            "input": "Article: I'd just got in a taxi at the railway station when suddenly I found one of my suitcases missing. Just then, I saw a young fellow about 30 walking away with it, opening it and drawing out the valuables. \"Stop thief! Stop thief!\" I shouted and threw open the car door and rushed out to him, followed by the driver and half a dozen passers-by. Very soon the thief was cornered at the turn of the road. My driver caught the thief by the neck and put his hand into his trouser pocket, drawing out money, credit card, telephone book and so on and put them back into my suitcase. Half an hour later, the car was running at full speed on the express highway. I sat back and breathed a long sigh of relief  . But as I pulled out those stolen things from the suitcase and started to check them, I became dumbfounded  . Before my eyes were 200 yuan instead of 100. And a blood test report of a 58-year-old woman appeared. I suddenly realized that the taxi driver must have mistaken the thief's belongs and put his into my suitcase. The pitiful and begging look of the poor young man flashed across my mind again. My heart began to sink. Two years has passed since then. But this event keeps coming back to me. Was the young man a habitual robber or a dutiful son who had been driven to desperation   to find money to save his mother's life? My heart aches for him. How I wish I had gone back that summer afternoon to return the 200 yuan and say sorry to him. For the first time in my life, I realized that hate and love are very close. \n Answer: He was facing things that did not belong to himself.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the writer dumbfounded when he opened his suitcase?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-75653ae80e9d4b8e83aa2f395b48003b",
            "input": "Article: Below is a selection about interesting hotels.                                  Tayka Hotel de Sal Where: Tahua, Bolivia How much: About $95 a night Why it's cool: You've stayed at hotels made of brick or wood, but salt? That's something few can claim. Tayka Hotel de Sal is made totally of salt-including the beds (though you'll sleep on regular mattresses and blankets). The hotel sits on the Salar de Uyuni, a prehistoric dried-up lake which is the world's biggest salt flat. Builders use the salt from the 4,633-square-mile flat to make the bricks, and glue them together with a paste of wet salt that hardens when it dries. When rain starts to dissolve the hotel, the owners just mix up more salt paste to strengthen the bricks.                                  Green Magic Nature Resort Where: Vythiri, India How much: About $240 a night Why it's cool: Taking a pulley -operated lift 86 feet to your treetop room is just that start of your adventure. As you look out of your open window, there is no glass! You watch monkeys and birds in the rain forest canopy . Later you might test your fear of heights by crossing the handmade rope bridge to the main part of the hotel, or just sit on your bamboo bed and read. You don't even have to come down for breakfast-the hotel will send it up on the pully-drawn \"elevator\".                                  Dog Bark Park Inn B&B Where: Cottonwood, Idaho How much: $92 a night Why it's cool: This doghouse isn't just for the family pet. Sweet Willy is a 30-foot-dog with guest rooms in his belly. Climb the wooden stairs beside his hind leg to enter the door in his side.You can relax in the main bedroom, go up a few steps of the loft in Willy's head, or hang out inside his nose. Although you have a full private bathroom in your quarters, there is also a toilet in the 12-foot-tall fire hydrant outside.                                  Gamirasu Cave Hotel Where:Ayvali, Turkey How much :Between $130 and $450 a night Why it's cool: Experience what it was like 5,000 years ago, when people lived in these mountain caves formed by volcanic ash. But your stay will be much more modern. Bathrooms and electricity provide what you expect from a modern hotel, and the white volcanic ash, called tufa, keeps the rooms cool in summer. (Don't worry- there is heat in winter.) \n Answer: You have to cross a rope bridge to the hotel.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Tayka Hotel de Sal?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9a05345ea8ad45d6b759c6dcbbe602da",
            "input": "Article: Women turn to online shopping Women have jumped ahead of men for the first time in using the Internet to do their holiday shopping, according to a study published last week in the US. For years men have been more likely to shop on the Internet than women, but during the 2004 holiday season, 58 percent of those making online purchases were women. \"It shows how mainstream the Internet is becoming,\" said Lee Rainie, director of the Pew Internet and American Life Project group, which carried out the study. Rainie said it was only a matter of time before women shoppers caught up with men. This is because women traditionally make decisions about spending. Users were more likely to shop online to save time. Internet users between the ages 18 and 29 were responsible for some of the most dramatic increase in the online gift-buying population this time around. However, three- quarters of the US Internet users did not buy holiday gifts online in 2004. They worried about credit card security, or just compared online prices with off-line prices, then dashed off to the shops to get the best deals. \" But even if shoppers don't buy online , websites are becoming promotion tools for stores,\" said Dan Hess, vice president of ComScore Networks Inc. Hess said that actually most stores' websites can make customers fully believe the security of their credit card numbers. And most are able to ensure that gifts arrive on time. \" It's all about making the shopping experience more efficient, more reliable and more comfortable.\" Hess said. \n Answer: More women shopped online than men in 2004",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-005a98e8d9dc4ae3842838914f56c2cb",
            "input": "Article: If you choose only to complain and escape from a misfortune, it will always follow you wherever you go.But if you decide to be strong, the hardship will turn out to be a fortune on which new hopes will arise.        In an accident, a boy lost.both his arms and his father-who was the main source of support for the family.Since then, he has had to depend on the arms of his younger brother.For the sake of taking care of him, his younger brother became his shadow, never leaving him alone for years.Except for writing with his toes, he was completely unable to do anything in his life.        As the two brothers grew up together, they had their share of problems and they would often quarrel.Then one day, his younger brother wanted to leave, living his own life, as many normal people do.So he was heart-broken and didn't know what to do.     A similar misfortune befell a girl, too.One night her mother, who suffered from chronic mental illness, disappeared.Her father went out to look for her mother, leaving her alone at home.She tried to prepare meals for her parents, only to overturn the kerosene light on the stove, resulting in afire which took her hands away.     Though her elder sister who was studying in another city, showed her willingness to take care of her, she was determined to be completely independent.At school, she always studied hard.Most of all she learned to be self-reliant.     One day, the boy and the girl were both invited to appear on a television interview program.The boy told the TV host about his uncertain future at being left on his own, whereas the girl was full of enthusiasm for her life.They both were asked to write something on a piece of paper with their toes.The boy wrote:  My younger brother's arms are my arms;  while the girl wrote:  Broken wings, flying heart. \n Answer: Facing it bravely with a positive mind.",
            "output": [
                "What attitude should we take towards a misfortune in the author's opinion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b1fc6b6d07964c70bfa2fc63d0ab421c",
            "input": "Article: Her opponent was the defending champion whose childhood dream was to win the French Open. She was the underdog who never saw the tournament on TV as a girl in China and never thought she'd get far on the red clay of the French Open, one of the four tennis Grand Slams  .  But it was Li Na who fell on her back in triumph  on June 4. Nearly two hours' hitting gave Li a 2-0 victory over Francesca Schiavone of Italy and made her the only tennis player, man or woman, from Asia to take home a Grand Slam title. Chinese media have been swept along by the praise. An editorial carried by Xinhua News Agency said \"Li Na is the best PR (Public Relations) for China,\" and called her an \"outstanding name card for the country\" and a \"brilliant diplomat\". It compared Li to Chinese NBA star Yao Ming, noting that both \"can speak very fluent English, and both of them have a kind of sense of humor that is appreciated by foreigners\". Success has come late for Li. She once gave up tennis for two years and studied journalism at Wuhan's Huazhong University of Science and Technology. But in 2004, she returned and continues to play the best tennis she could. \"Dream comes true,\" Li said after the match. \"I am so happy that my efforts have paid off.\" Li has often been seen as a rebel , or at least a representative of a new generation. She has a tattoo , has dyed her hair many different color1s and has even been known to yell at her husband in public. \"The plain-speaking, tattooed, individualist has the ability to transcendthe sport and become a global star\", the BBC news reported. No matter how important the French Open championship is, Li is not resting on her laurels  -- she's already thinking about winning a second major title. \"When you have the first one, naturally you will think about the second one. Now I have more confidence playing on other surfaces,\" Li told China Daily, as she prepares for the Wimbledon Championship, which will start on June 20. \n Answer: In 2002.",
            "output": [
                "Which year did Li Na begin to study journalism?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-868881d28ee34e86a7fe3822f38e2f13",
            "input": "Article: Nowadays,much of the profit of a business--sometimes the whole of its success--depends upon the use of the odds and ends.The odds and ends are various small things,which are left over when the main things are produced.But they possess a real value of their own. If a business,big or small,looked down upon these odds and ends,it would mean a big difference in the amount of the benefit of the business.Take a meat factory for instance,there are countless odds and ends--bones and hair,which can be made into glue and rope to increase its profit greatly. Then,if we are college students,what about our odds and ends--the odd moments?Take time for example.Every one of us has the exact same amount of it.Everyone's success or failure depends on the use of their time.But everyone uses the time more or less in the same way.However,why many great men in science or art have made huge successes for themselves in the world?Because they have made best use of their odd moments.Thomas A.Edison,never allowed his odd moments to slip by.He thought,planned,and tried his inventions.He always worked twenty hours out of each twentyfour.His inventions made him famous all over the world,and provided valuable wealth for the human beings. So,remember this _ :busy people always find time  for everything.However,people with great spare time find time for nothing.Is it very strange?Not at all!The question is how to gather up fragments of time and make full use of them.As many big businesses have found,the real profit is in using the odds and ends.We also must do in this way to make best use of our odd moments and manage to be successful in something we do. \n Answer: They are very small,but valuable things.",
            "output": [
                "What are odds and ends?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-48d4534492b94d379011351ffc3d4631",
            "input": "Article: You are careful with your money: you collect all kinds of coupons; look for group-buy deals if you eat out; you don't buy clothes unless in a sale. Does all this make you a wise consumer? Let's do the math first: you walk into a coffee shop and see two deals for a cup of coffee. The first deal offers 33 percent extra coffee. The second takes 33 percent off the  regular price. What's the better deal? Well, they are about the same, you'd think. And you'd be wrong. The deals appear to be equal, but in fact, they are different. Here's the math: Let's say the standard coffee is 10 yuan and let's divide the amount of coffee into three portions . That makes about 3.3 yuan per portion, The first deal gets you 4 portions for 10 yuan (2.5 yuan per portion) and the second gets you 3 portions of coffee for 6.6 yuan (2.2 yuan per portion) and is therefore a better deal. In a new study published by the Journal of Marketing, participants were asked the same question, and most of them chose the first deal, the Atlantic website reported. Why? Because getting something extra for free feels better than getting the same for less. The applications of this view into consumer psychology  are huge. Instead of offering direct discounts, shops offer larger sizes or free samples. According to the study, the reason why these marketing tricks work is that consumers don't really know how much anything should cost, so we rely on parts of our brains that  aren't strictly quantitative. There are some traps we should be aware of when shopping. First of all, we are heavily influenced by the first number. Suppose you are shopping in Hong Kong. You walk into Hermes, and you see a 100,000 yuan bag. \"That's crazy.\" You shake your head and leave. The next shop is Gucci, a handbag here costs 25,000 yuan. The price is still high, but compared to the 100,000 yuan price tag you just committed to your memory, this is a steal. Stores often use the price difference to set consumers' expectation. zxxk Another trap we often fall to Is that we are not really sure what things are worth. And so we use clues  to tell us what we ought to pay for them. US economist Dan Ariely has done an experiment to prove this. According to the Atlantic, Ariely pretended he was giving a lecture on poetry. He told one group of students that the tickets cost money and another group that they would be paid to attend. Then he informed both groups that thelecture was free. The first group was anxious to attend, believing they were getting something of value for free. The second group mostly declined, believing they were being forced to volunteer for the same event without reward. What's a lecture on poetry by an economist worth? The students had no idea. That's  the point. Do we really know what a shirt is worth ? What about a cup of coffee? What's the worth of a life insurance.policy? Who knows? Most of us don't. As a result, our shopping  brain uses only what is knowable:  visual  clues, invited emotions, comparisons, and  a sense of bargain. We are not stupid. We are just easily influenced. \n Answer: Consumers never rely on parts of the brains that aren't strictly quantitative.",
            "output": [
                "What consumer psychology is mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7a33519e01644508b30fe0edcb47f134",
            "input": "Article: Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations. Our cultural and natural heritage are both irreplaceable   sources of life and inspiration. Places as unique and diverse as the wilds of East Africa's Serengeti, the Pyramids of Egypt, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the Baroque cathedrals of Latin America make up our world's heritage.  What makes the concept of World Heritage exceptional is its universal application. World Heritage sites belong to all the peoples of the world, regardless of the territory on which they are located. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) seeks to encourage the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity. This is _ in an international treaty called the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by UNESCO in 1972. UNESCO's World Heritage mission is to: encourage countries to sign the World Heritage Convention and to ensure the protection of their natural and cultural heritage;  encourage States Parties to the Convention to nominate  sites within their national territory for inclusion on the World Heritage List;  encourage States Parties to establish management plans and set up reporting systems on the state of conservation of their World Heritage sites; help States Parties safeguard World Heritage properties by providing technical assistance and professional training; provide emergency assistance for World Heritage sites in immediate danger; support States Parties' public awareness-building activities for World Heritage conservation; encourage participation of the local population in the preservation of their cultural and natural heritage; encourage international cooperation in the conservation of our world's cultural and natural heritage. \n Answer: It is exceptional because of its universal application.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about heritage is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ee8749e5681b435e9c81c94cde26380c",
            "input": "Article: From good reading we can get pleasure, companionship, experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we are sad. Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction. With a good book in our hands we need never be lonely. Whether the characters in it are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions and friends. In the pages of books we can walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. The people we meet in books may delight us either because they resemble   human friends whom we hold dear or because they present unfamiliar types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances . Our human friends sometimes may bore us, but the friends we make in books need never weary us with their company. By turning the page we can dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings. While human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy, and encouragement. Of all the gifts from reading books, the most valuable one is experience. Few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. Whether we wish to escape from the seemingly dull realities of daily routines or whether we long to visit some far-off place, a book will help us when nothing else can. To travel by book we need no bank account to pay our way; no airship or ocean liner or stream-lined train to transport us; no passport to enter the land of our heart's desire. Through books we may get the thrill of _ adventure without danger.   We can climb high mountains, brave the perils   of an Antarctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. In books we may visit the studios of Hollywood; we may mix with the merry crowds of the Paris boulevards; we may join the picturesque peasants in an Alpine village or the kindly natives on a South Sea island. Indeed, through books _ . The possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited. The beauties of nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read. \n Answer: Our life is just far from satisfactory.",
            "output": [
                "Why do we sometimes forget our surroundings and even our identity while reading?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6e6286ccebaa45ef9130ded64ec06611",
            "input": "Article: Teenagers who spend hours in front of the television may have a poorer diet as young adults. A study,which included nearly 1,400 high school students,found those who watched TV for five hours or more per day had less healthy diets than peers five years later. Why does this happen? Should the parents take any measures? On the one hand,people who spend a lot of time in front of the TV, especially teenagers,may snack more,and that may affect their long-term diet quality. On the other hand,TV ads for fast food,sweets and snacks tempt teenagers to eat more of those foods. And TV time might also replace exercise time for some kids. Lead researcher Dr. Daheia J. Barr-Anderson,of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis,told Reuters Health a clear correlation between TV time during high school and diet quality in young adulthood. While the heaviest TV viewers were eating the most junk food , those who'd watched less than two hours per day had the highest intake of fruits,vegetables, whole grains and high-calcium food. In her opinion,parents should limit and monitor TV viewing. As far as I am concerned,children should watch no more than two hours of television per day. And parents should set a good example by eating right,being physically active and their own TV time. \n Answer: Teenagers' TV time may affect their diets later.",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-93a65b2969d54af79170fc2c03bf0c0c",
            "input": "Article: The boys crowded in two teams at the front of Charlene Skinner's class as they thought over the math problem that flashed on the whiteboard. \"That's not right,\" one boy said. \"It says find the slope,\" another boy said, instructing his classmates. Next door, in Room A114, the girls spent five minutes in Justin Anderson's science class writing down everything they know about DNA. When the assigned time was up, Anderson asked the students to share some of what they noted down. \"Nobody's DNA is alike,\" one girl said after raising her hand. \"You get it from your parents,\" said another.      This is how some lessons are taught at James Gholson Middle School in Prince George's County: boys in one classroom, girls in another. Advocates argue that separating boys and girls removes distractions   and sex prejudice in the classroom, taking the lead from expensive private schools and boarding schools that have relied on single-sex learning for generations. But opponents say there is little evidence that such separation works, that it can be discriminatory   and that it doesn't properly prepare students for a world that is mixed.      Some experts say single-sex classes can break down sex stereotypes  , create opportunities for students and improve test scores. Kathy Couture, an education professor at Stetson University in Florida and a board member of the National Association for Single Sex Public Education, said students tend to be more focused on their curriculum and less concerned about impressing or getting attention from the opposite sex. She said girls tend to \"dumb themselves down for boys\" when they are together in math and science classes.       But a report published last week by the Psychological Bulletin -- which reviewed 184 studies to compare the outcomes of learning in single-sex and mixed classrooms -- raised questions about whether there are any real advantages to single-sex classrooms.      Janet Hyde, one of the report's co-authors, said there was no evidence to support the argument that boys do better orally or that girls improve in math and science when in single-sex settings. What is more important is that separating students might not adequately prepare them for college and careers. \"One of the major purposes of school is to prepare students for the adult world, and that world is mixed,\" Janet Hyde said. \"I think we do harm to students by not preparing them for the adult world.\" \n Answer: Because students may be more concentrated in single-sex classes.",
            "output": [
                "Why does James Gholson Middle School teach students separately?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8bbd06e07e10449fa71cabdb1181654d",
            "input": "Article: In 1945, a 12-year-old boy saw something in a shop window that set his heart racing. But the price-five dollars-was far beyond Reuben Earle's means. Five dollars would buy almost a week's groceries for his family. Reuben couldn't ask his father for the money. Everything his father made through fishing went to her mother, Dora, who struggled to feed and clothe their five children. Nevertheless, he opened the shop's weathered door and went inside. Standing proud and straight in his flour-sack shirt and washed-out trousers, he told the shopkeeper what he wanted, adding ,\"But I don't have the money right now. Can you please hold it for me for some time?\" \"I'll try,\"the shopkeeper smiled.\"Folks around here don't usually have that kind of money to spend on things. It should keep for a while.\" Reuben respectfully touched his worn cap and walked out. He would raise the money and not tell anybody. On hearing the sound of hammering from a side street, Reuben suddenly had an idea. People built their own homes in Bay Roberts, using nails purchased in sacks from a local factory. Sometimes the used sacks were disposed of at the construction site, and Reuben knew he could sell them back to the factory for five cents a piece. That day he found two sacks, which he sold to the man in charge of packing nails. The boy's hand tightly clutched the five-cent pieces as he ran the two kilometers home. Near his house stood an ancient barn. Reuben found a rusty soda tin and dropped his coins inside. Then he climbed into it and hid the tin beneath a pile of hay. It was dinnertime when Reuben got home. His father was ready to serve dinner as Reuben took his place at the table. He looked at his mother and smiled. Slim and beautiful, she was the center of the home, the glue that held it together. Her chores were never-ending, but she was happy as her family and their well-being were her highest priority. Every day after chores and school, Reuben _ the town, collecting the nail sacks. Summer vacation came, and no student was more delighted than Reuben. Now he would have more time for his mission. All summer long, despite chores at home weeding and watering the garden, cutting wood and fetching water -- Reuben kept to his secret task. Then all too soon fall arrived, and the winds blew cold and gusty from the bay. Reuben wandered the streets, diligently searching for his treasures. Often he was cold, tired and hungry, but the thought of the object in the shop window sustained him. Sometimes his mother would ask:\"Reuben, where were you? We were waiting for you to have dinner.\" \"Playing, Mum. Sorry.\" Dora would look at his face and shake her head. Boys. Finally the time had come! He ran into the barn, climbed to the hayloft and uncovered the tin can. He poured the coins out and began to count. Then he counted again. He needed 20 cents more. Could there be any sacks left anywhere in town? He had to find out and sell them before the day ended. Reuben ran down Water Street. The shadows were lengthening when Reuben arrived at the factory. The sack buyer was about to lock up. \"Mister! Please don't close up yet.\" The man turned and saw Reuben, dirty and sweat stained. \"Come back tomorrow, boy.\" \"Please, Mister. I have to sell the sacks now -- please.\"The man heard a tremor in Reuben's voice and could tell he was close to tears. \"Why do you need this money so badly?\" \"It's a secret.\" The man took the sacks, reached into his pocket and put four coins in Reuben's hand. Reuben murmured a thank you and ran home. Then, clutching the tin can, he headed for the shop. \"I have the money,\"he solemnly told the owner. The man went to the window and retrieved Reuben's treasure. He wiped the dust off and gently wrapped it in brown paper. Then he placed the parcel in Reuben's hands. Racing home, Reuben burst through the front door. His mother was busy in the kitchen. \"Here, Mum! Here!\"Reuben exclaimed as he ran to her side. He placed a small box in her work-roughened hand. She unwrapped it carefully, to save the paper. A blue-velvet jewel box appeared. Dora lifted the lid, tears beginning to blur her vision. In gold lettering on a small, almond-shaped brooch was the word \"Mother\". It was Mother's Day, 1946. Dora had never received such a gift; she had no finery except her wedding ring. Speechless, she smiled radiantly and gathered her son into her arms. \n Answer: Because he wanted to ask the shop keeper for a favor.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Reuben enter the shop?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4dc81cbb9b4244c2b61a59bdad0bf5a0",
            "input": "Article: Guangzhou (Xinhua)----12 people were killed and 20 injured early yesterday morning when they jumped from a burning train car into the path of an oncoming goods train in Southern China. When No. 247 Wuchang----Guangzhou passenger train was passing the Dayaoshan Tunnel in Guangdong Province, South China at 00 :17 hours yesterday, a fire caused by passengers' smoking broke out on No. 17 car. They wanted to extinguish fire. As the train stopped some frightened passengers jumped from windows. 12 people were crushed to death and 20 others injured by a northward passing goods train(No. 1766). \n Answer: Southward.",
            "output": [
                "In which direction did the passenger train travel?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5f206f635d4d405cb2e606f887305968",
            "input": "Article: Back in freshman year, I found myself wondering whether it should really be called \"volunteering\" if students only do it because they have to. I ended up volunteering at Weyrich Health Center, helping elderly patients with daily tasks. The more I did these tasks, the more disconnected I felt from the seniors. Though I felt bad for them, I did not want to interact with them. Then one rainy day, I met Colonel Hemsworth. He invited me to his table and asked for some company. I regarded this as another boring task. However, when I listened to his stories, I learned that he was a brilliant war veteran ,and I found his tales interesting. After my brief talk with the Colonel, I realized that I shared common characters with all the seniors. I felt like an oxygen molecule ---ready to form a relationship--rather than an isolated gas. I met with many learned senior citizens who shared their experiences and wisdom. No longer did I walk aimlessly down the hallways. I found myself enjoying talking with these people as I learned their histories. Why hadn't I realized sooner that volunteer work could enlighten me? Some people argue that volunteering and working for change does not help. However, they fail to realize that the world is constantly changing and humans must adapt My experience at Weyrich Health Center has taught me that refusing to change one's views and accept new ones leads to short-term goals that finally disappear. Communication with others is an important part of life. Volunteering is not just a requirement or a way to improve your resume, it is a time for service and personal growth. Now I enjoy volunteering my time surrounded by seniors who bring history alive for me. By communicating with them, I have developed into a more dynamic person. \n Answer: Unwilling.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's initial attitude towards volunteering?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-30a5c5495ba84ca1a759438925c6ebe6",
            "input": "Article: \"Christmas won't be Christmas without any presents,\" grumbled Jo, lying on the rug.  \"It's so dreadful to be poor!\" sighed Meg, looking down at her old dress.  \"I don't think it's fair for some girls to have plenty of pretty things, and other girls nothing at all,\" added little Amy, with an injured sniff.  \"We've got father and mother and each other,\" said Beth, contentedly.  The four young faces on which the firelight shone brightened at the cheerful words, but darkened again as Jo said sadly: \"We haven't got father, and shall not have him for a long time.\" She didn't say \"perhaps never\", but each silently added it, thinking of father far away, where the fighting was.  Nobody spoke for a minute; then Meg said in an altered tone: \"You know the reason mother proposed not having any presents this Christmas was because it is going to be a hard winter for everyone; and she thinks we ought not to spend money for pleasure when our men are suffering so in the army. We can't do much, but we can make our little sacrifices, and ought to do it gladly. But I am afraid I don't\"; and Meg shook her head, and she thought regretfully of all the pretty things she wanted.  \"But I don't think the little we should spend would do any good. We've each got a dollar, and the army wouldn't be much helped by our giving that. I agree not to expect anything from mother or you, but I do want to buy UNDINE AND SINTRAM for myself; I've wanted it so long,\" said Jo, who was a bookworm.  \"I planned to spend mine on new music,\" said Beth, with a little sigh.  \"I shall get a nice box of Faber's drawing pencils; I really need them,\" said Amy, decidedly.  \"Mother didn't say anything about our money, and she won't wish us to give up everything. Let's each buy what we want, and have a little fun; I'm sure we work hard enough to earn it,\" cried Jo, examining the heels of her shoes in a gentlemanly manner.  \"I know I do - teaching those tiresome children nearly all day when I am longing to enjoy myself at home,\" began Meg, in the complaining tone again.  \"You don't have half such a hard time as I do,\" said Jo. \"How would you like to be shut up for hours with a nervous, fussy old lady, who is never satisfied, and worries you till you're ready to fly out of the window or cry?\" \"It's naughty to fret; but I do think washing dishes and keeping things tidy is the worst work in the world.  _ and my hands get so stiff, I can't practice well at all\"; and Beth looked at her rough hands with a sigh that anyone could hear. \"I don't believe any of you suffer as I do.\" cried Amy, \"for you don't have to go to school with impertinent girls, who plague you if you don't know your lessons, and laugh at your dresses, and label your father if he isn't rich.\" \"If you mean libel, I'd say so, and not talk about labels, as if papa was a pickle-bottle,\" advised Jo, laughing.  \"I know what I mean, and you needn't be satirical about it. It's proper to use good words, and improve your vocabulary,\" returned Amy, with dignity.  \"Don't peck at one another, children. Don't you wish we had the money papa lost when we were little, Jo? Dear me! How happy and good we'd be, if we had no worries!\" said Meg, who could remember better times.  \"You once said you thought we were a deal happier than the King children, for they were fighting and fretting all the time, in spite of their money.\" \"So I did. I think we are; for, though we do have to work, we make fun for ourselves, and are a pretty jolly set, as Jo would say.\" Jo immediately sat up, put her hands in her pockets, and began to whistle.  \"Don't, Jo; it's so boyish!\" \"That's why I do it.\" \"I detest rude, unladylike girls!\" \"I hate affected, niminy-piminy chits!\" \"Birds in their little nests agree\" sang Beth, the peacemaker, with such a funny face that both sharp voices softened to a laugh, and the `pecking' ended for that time. \n Answer: Meg; Beth",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, who is the most pessimistic and who the most optimistic?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2a9f06f5c7514faabe339891f5eebea5",
            "input": "Article: parents usually go to malls to find new school supplies for their children. One of the most important things to get during this time is the  backpack. Most students choose to bring a backpack because it allows them to have both hands free. This makes the bag less likely to hinder  other activities that the person carrying it may be doing at the same time. Here are the ways parents can choose the perfect backpack for school. How many books will children be carrying to school? How many notebooks should be inside the bag? Parents should know these details before buying a bag for their children. Each situation requires a different bag so it pays to ask children about the expected load. Do children need special storage for the bag? If they will be carrying a laptop computer inside the new backpack,make sure that parents get a model that's designed specifically for laptop use. This will protect the computer from bumps and falls that might damage the device if it had less protection. Are children going to use the bag for a long time? If they want to use a bag for a long time,parents will be better off investing in a good brand that is known for quality. Parents may have to pay extra cash to get the top of the line and the best backpack in the market.[:##     Count the pockets. Backpacks usually come with a lot of pockets,and generally,the more pockets,the better. This allows children to organize their things,like pens and pencils inside small pockets. Picking the perfect school backpack is all about getting  the sweet compromise  between form,function and price. Remember to choose the best fit for children's needs.[:] \n Answer: Because it helps them do other activities freely.",
            "output": [
                "Why do most students like bringing a backpack?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dd89f4f9e8a54170bf0ec09f41bcf806",
            "input": "Article: Paparazzi, or \"paps\", are photographers who take pictures of famous people when they are not at the center of public attention. Paps are different from professional photographers or journalists because they never take ordinary photos. The goal for paparazzi is to get pictures that no one else will get and then sell the pictures to the buyer who offers the most money --normally a small newspaper, magazine or website. There is no law against paparazzi taking pictures in public places. However, there are laws that protect certain individuals. For example, child protection laws stop improper   pictures of anyone under 16 from being published. There is also no law that stops paparazzi from following celebrities   and taking their pictures either. However, if paps are secretly following them and taking pictures of their faces, they could get into trouble. Most paparazzi hang out on streets and hot spots for celebrities, waiting for the opportunity to take a picture of a star. Many stay on the streets until the early hours of the morning when celebrities are leaving nightclubs and looking a little worse for wear. However, some have other ways to make sure they get pictures. Many paps are in contact with \"informers\" who know the locations of celebrities at any given time. They then pass the information on to paparazzi. An informer could be anyone --from a restaurant waiter to a salesman. Most of the time, paparazzi get a bad reputation for following celebrities. But sometimes stars or their managers will contact paps themselves and tell them exactly where and when they will go. What a love-hate relationship between paparazzi and celebrities! \n Answer: Getting unsuitable pictures of a 10-year-old actress published.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following things paparazzi might do would be against the law?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0706c98f1af14b55af49544eebcc13f0",
            "input": "Article: The monitor \"watches\" deceleration (=slow down) and distance from a light - and \"guesses\" which cars are likely to break the Highway Code. Most importantly, the software can provide two seconds' warning if someone else is about to shoot across a crossroads - enough time for other drivers to hit the brakes. Jonathan How, the Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics at MIT, says \"smart\" cars of the future may use the system to help drivers foresee and avoid potential accidents. The researchers tested the algorithm on data collected from an intersection   in Virginia, finding that it accurately identified potential violators within a couple of seconds of reaching a red light -- enough time, according to the researchers, for other drivers at an intersection to be able to react to the threat if alerted  . Compared to other efforts to model driving behavior, the MIT algorithm brought fewer false alarms, an important advantage for systems providing guidance to human drivers. The researchers report their findings in a paper that will appear in the journal IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. \n Answer: It will raise the alarm when the driver breaks the traffic rules.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT the advantage of this algorithm?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c2e702fcd2b4215b5f3f7e32e1ee78a",
            "input": "Article: Dear Kitty, Daddy, Mummy and Margot can't get used to the sound of the Westertoren clock, which tells us the time every quarter of an hour. I can. I loved it from the start, and especially in the night it's a faithful friend. I expect you will be interested to \"disappear\". Well,all I can say is that I don't know myself yet. I don't think I shall ever feel really at home in this house, but that does not mean that I hate it here. It is more like being on vacation in a very strange boarding house. Rather a mad idea, perhaps, but that is how it strikes me. The \"Secret Annexe\" is a good hiding place. Although it is not dry , you'd never find such a comfortable hiding place anywhere in the whole of Holland. Out little room looked very empty at first with nothing on the walls; but thanks to Daddy who had brought my film-star collection and picture postcard on beforehand, and with the help of paste pot(  ) and brush, I have changed the walls into one big picture.  Margot and mummy are a little bit better now. mummy felt well enough to cook some soup for the first time yesterday, but then forgot all about it, while she was downstairs talking .So the peas  _ and refused to leave the pan. I went to the private office yesterday evening and turned on the radio. I was so frightened that someone might hear it that I simply begged Daddy to come upstairs with me. Mummy understood how I felt and come too. We are very nervous in other ways, too , that the neighbors might hear us or see something going on. We made curtains straight away on the first day. Someone is calling me.                                                                 Yours,                                                                Anna \n Answer: warm-hearted and easy-going",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words can best describe Anne?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-379bfd57c5954250b6cce4fde49e7ba8",
            "input": "Article: The State Council submitted   a bill which aims to allow couples to have two children if either parent is an only child. It focuses on adjusting and improving the family planning policy. The State Council argues adjustment to the policy in the face of a steadily declining birth rate. The birth rate has remained relatively low and shows a tendency to fall further. The rate has dropped to between 1.5 and 1.6 since the 1990s, which means each Chinese woman of child-bearing age gives birth to 1.5 to 1.6 children on average. The working population began to drop in 2012 by 3.45 million every year, and it is likely to fall by 8 million each year after 2023. The population aged 60 and above will reach 400 million and account for one-fourth of the total population in the early 2030s, up from one-seventh now. \"If the current family planning policy continues, the birth rate will continue to fall and lead to a sharp drop of the total population after reaching a peak,\" said Li Bin, minister in charge of the National Health and Family Planning Commission. \"It is the right time to make changes: The low birth rate is stable, the working population is still large and the burden of supporting the elderly remains relatively light,\" he added. An increase in birth is expected if the policy changes but will not seriously affect the food supply, public education, health care or employment. China's food safety and public service plans are designed to meet the needs of 1.43 billion population in 2020 and 1.5 billion in 2033. Even with the policy change, the total population will reach no more than 1.38 billion in 2015, Li said. \n Answer: To solve the social population issue.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the State Council submit the bill?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-25668f97dc5b417298fdc08e840251a1",
            "input": "Article: Fido was now his master's constant companion in his walks, playing and skipping round him, and amusing him by a thousand sportive tricks . He took care, however, not to be troublesome by leaping on him with dirty paws, nor would he follow him into the parlor , unless invited. He also attempted to make himself useful by a number of little services. He would drive away the sparrows as they were stealing the chickens' meat; and would run and bark with the utmost fury at any strange pigs or other animals that offered to come into the yard. He kept the poultry, geese, and pigs from straying beyond their bounds and particularly from doing mischief in the garden. He was always ready to alarm Towzer if there was any suspicious noise about the house, day or night. If his master pulled off his coat in the field to help his workman, as he would sometimes do, Fido always sat by it, and would not suffer either man or beast to touch it. By this means he came to be considered as a very trusty protector of his master's property. His master was once confined to his bed with a dangerous illness. Fido planted himself at the chamber-door, and could not be persuaded to leave it even to take food; and as soon as his master was so far recovered as to sit up, Fido, being admitted into the room, ran up to him with such marks of excessive joy and affection, as would have melted any heart to behold. One hot day, after dinner, his master was sleeping in a summer-house , with Fido by his side. The building was old and crazy; the dog comprehended the danger, and began barking to awaken his master; and this not sufficing, he jumped up, and gently bit his finger. The master upon this started up, and had just time to get out of the door before the whole building fell down. Fido, who was behind, got hurt by some rubbish which fell upon him. Thus his love and fidelity had their full reward. \n Answer: Fido drove away the sparrows as they were stealing the chickens'meat.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following description is NOT mentioned in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5f9163c8965e4fdaa4ea67843cc9e715",
            "input": "Article: Do you sometimes argue about what seems to you to be simple fact? Do you argue whether it's cold outdoors or whether the car in front of you is going faster than the speed limit? If you get into such arguments, try to think about the story about the six blind men and the elephant. The first blind man who felt the elephant's trunk said it was like a snake. The second who felt the elephant's side said it was like a wall, while the third said it was like a spear as he touched the animal's tusk. The fourth, who got hold of the elephant's tail insisted that it was like a rope. The fifth man said it looked like a tree as he put his arms around one of the elephant's legs. The sixth, who was tall and got hold of the elephant's ears, said it was like a huge fan. Each man's idea of the animal came from his own experience. So if someone disagrees with you about a \"simple fact\", it's often because his experience in the matter is different from yours. To see how hard it is for even one person to make up his mind about a \"simple fact\", try this simple experiment. Get three large bowls. Put ice water in one. Put hot water in the second. Put lukewarm water in the third. Now put your left hand in the ice water. Put your right hand in the hot water. After thirty seconds, put both hands in the lukewarm water. Your right hand will tell you the water is cold. Your left hand will tell you it's hot! \n Answer: The fact that people have different experience in the same simple fact.",
            "output": [
                "What makes people think about simple facts differently?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-360d93e5bce24334a926daff1da0c1d5",
            "input": "Article: When you are in another country, it is important to know the language, but it is equally important to know how to communicate nonverbally , before saying anything by making gestures. According to a pioneer in nonverbal communication, only 30 to 35 percent of our communication is verbal. When people don't know the language, the most common way to communicate is through gestures. However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world. In the United States, for example, nodding your head up and down means \"yes\". In some parts of Greece and Turkey, however, this motion can mean \"no\". In Southeast Asia, nodding your head is a polite way of saying \"I've heard you\". In ancient Rome, when the emperor wanted to spare someone's life, he would put his thumb up. Today in the United States, when someone puts his / her thumb up, it means \"Everything is all right\". However, in Sardinia and Greece, the gesture is insulting and should not be used there. In the United States, raising your clasped hands above your head means \"I'm the champion\" or \"I'm the winner\". It is the sign prizefighters make when they win a fight. When a leading Russian statesman  made this gesture after a White House meeting, Americans misunderstood and thought he meant he was a winner. In Russia, however, it is a sign of friendship. In the United States, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger in a circle and the other three fingers spread out means \"Everything is O.K.\" and is frequently used by astronauts and politicians. In France and Belgium, it can mean \"You're worth nothing.\" There are other nonverbal signals that people should be aware of when they go to another country, such as the distance to maintain between speakers. Americans usually feel comfortable when speaking with someone if the distance between them is about eighteen inches to arm's length. Anything closer makes them feel uncomfortable. When talking to Americans, it is also important to make eye contact. If you look down when talking to an American, he / she may feel that you are embarrassed, afraid, or trying to hide something. In addition to knowing how to communicate nonverbally in a country, it is important to know what you and he cannot discuss. In the United States, there are certain topics to avoid when you first meet someone, For example, don't ask people their age, weight, religion, marital status , how much money they earn, or how much something costs. You can talk about work, the weather, traffic problems, sports, food, news of the day, where one lives, consumer subjects (computers, car repairs, and so forth), and travel or vacation plans. These few examples illustrate that your actions can speak louder than your words. In a particular cultural contest, what you say and what you don't say are equally important. \n Answer: Most of our gestures have no meaning at all.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c9e4166c85be4921a59970180ba9b607",
            "input": "Article: Coupons to spend \"How did you spend your coupons?\" On their first day back to school, many students in Hangzhou greeted each other this way. The coupons referred to the 100 yuan coupons each student received form the city government before the Spring Festival holidays. Over 260,000 primary school and middle school students were given coupons. They could use them in local stores and supermarkets, or to see movies and buy books. The same coupons have also been given to low income families in Hangzhou. Other cities, including Chengdu and Nanjing, also gave coupons to their citizens. More cities are expected to follow their lead. Why are local governments doing this? These programmes are all part of a broader effort in China to increase domestic demand in the face of the global financial crisis. The crisis has seriously affected China's exports and investments  . Many factories in southern cities have been closed down. Some companies are laying off workers or reducing their pay. The stock market and real estate market have been falling. In a time of financial crisis, people usually respond by saving money. They are uncertain about the future and are afraid that more difficult times may be ahead. Now many people are choosing not to spend money carelessly. Major chain stores have seen a sharp slowdown in sales, analysts say. But spending keeps an economy healthy. If people don't spend, there will be too many products in the market. Then shops will stop buying products from factories. When factories receive no orders, they close down. The workers there accordingly lose their jobs. Also, if people don't spend, the service industry suffers. The total result is that the whole economy breaks down. Issuing coupons is a practical and effective way to increase domestic demand in the current situation, said Jiang Zengwei, vice-minister of China's Ministry of Commerce. Hangzhou reported a rise in customers in local markets during Spring Festival holiday. However, issuing coupons is only a temporary measure. To increase consumers' confidence, the government needs to establish a sound secure social system in the long term. When people don't have to worry about education, health care and their pension, they will be more willing to spend instead of saving. \n Answer: To increase domestic demand in the face of the global financial crisis.",
            "output": [
                "Why are local governments issuing coupons?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4791f4db34de4ea9941b044569882e36",
            "input": "Article: Recovery from bulimia is difficult,but a beautiful journey!You'll come across many challenges--but once you've beaten them,the world will look much more beautiful. You can recover from this illness--I promise!Remember:If I recovered--you can too! I began throwing up when I was just a kid. Back then I didn't know why I did that. But now I can see that it was the result of my seeking so called fashionable diets. I was only 8 years old when my aunty phoned my mom saying that I'd thrown up my dinner.I told them it was just a party trick,and they ignored it. Their reaction made me realize that this \"trick\" of mine should be a secret. I would continue doing it,but would never let anyone know. As I got older,this secret habit got more and more serious,and this carried on for years. During my first year of university,at the age of 20,I wasted over $20,000 on food from the school dining hall. Finally,after having had bulimia for nearly 12 years,I decided enough was enough. I was close to death--I could feel it in every part of my body. I needed help,and I made an appointment with a counselor of my university. One year later,I graduated from university. I was proud of myself for getting my degree. But there was a deeper pride and strength inside my mind. I had beaten bulimia. It had been a long and difficult road--but I'd done it. \n Answer: Her improper diets.",
            "output": [
                "What might cause the writer's bulimia according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0217bb0e8a44469fa86ccb70f8765f52",
            "input": "Article: It was Molly's job to hand her father his brown paper lunch bag each morning before he headed off to work. One morning, in addition to his usual lunch bag, Molly handed him a second paper bag. This one was worn and held together with staples   .  \"Why two bags?\" her father asked. \"The other is something else,\" Molly answered. \"What's in it?\" \"Just some stuff. Take it with you.\" Not wanting to discuss the matter, he put both bags into his briefcase, kissed Molly and rushed off. At midday he opened Molly's bag and took out the contents: two hair ribbons , three small stones, a plastic dinosaur, a tiny sea shell, a small doll, and 13 pennies... The busy father smiled, finished eating, and swept the desk clean into the wastebasket, Molly's stuff included. That evening, Molly ran up behind him as he read the paper. \"Where's my bag?\" \"What bag?\" \"The one I gave you this morning.\" \"I left it at the office. Why?\" \"I forgot to put this note in it,\" she said. \"And, besides, Daddy, the things in the sack are the things I really like -- I thought you might like to play with them. You didn't lose the bag, did you, Daddy?\" \"Oh, no,\" he said, lying. \"I just forgot to bring it home. I'll bring it tomorrow.\" While Molly hugged her father's neck, he unfolded the note that read: \"I love you, Daddy.\" Molly had given him her treasures -- all that a 7-year-old held dear. Love in a paper bag, and he missed it -- not only missed it, but had thrown it in the wastebasket. So back he went to the office. Just ahead of the night janitor , he picked up the wastebasket. He put the treasures inside and carried it home carefully. The bag didn't look so good, but the stuff was all there and that's what counted. After dinner, he asked Molly to tell him about the stuff in the sack. It took a long time to tell. Everything had a story or a memory. \"Sometimes I think of all the great times in this sweet life,\" he thought. We should all remember that it's not the destination that counts in life, but the journey. That journey with the people we love is all that really matters. It is such a simple truth but it is so easily forgotten. \n Answer: She hoped those things would bring happiness to her father.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Molly give her father a second bag?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7b3de64c70c742eaa05d3a239d673bd6",
            "input": "Article: The Puritans   get a bad reputation in America--especially when it comes to alcohol. Mayflower, the first ship that came over from England to Massachusetts Bay, actually carried more beer than water.In fact the Founding Fathers of America liked a drink--Samuel Adams was a partner in his father's brewery, and Thomas Jefferson was famous for importing European wines. Early Americans took a healthful small drink for breakfast, whiskey was a typical lunchtime drink, ale   accompanied supper and the day ended with another drink called nightcap.Most Americans in 1790 consumed an average of 5.8 gallons of pure alcohol a year.In 1830, consumption reached 7.1 gallons a year and alcoholism was starting to have a serious influence on communities.Women and children might be in physical danger if the man of the house began drinking.If he became ill or lost his job through drinking, there was no social safety net to support or protect his family.Eventually, alcoholism was being treated as a disease. By the late 19th Century, support for Prohibition, banning the manufacture and sale of alcohol, was powerful.The first arrest for driving under the influence of alcohol was in 1897.On 16 January 1919, Prohibition was set into law.However, by the 1930s when American economy was experiencing a hard time it was widely believed that making alcohol legal again would provide badly-needed jobs and taxes.So in February of 1933, Prohibition was endeD. Still, Prohibition had a great influence on alcohol drinking in this country.In 1955, Americans drank an average of 2.3 gallons of pure alcohol a year.The Prohibition movement was still quite strong after Prohibition ended and it led to a lot of local prohibition on alcohol. The American presidency has done a lot to rehabilitate alcohol and make it respectable again.Presidents Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, Ronald Reagan and Barack Obama can all be seen on film drinking socially and making official toasts with international celebrities. \n Answer: They were the major importer of alcohol.",
            "output": [
                "Which is TRUE about the Puritans according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aa2e420619064f9bbf85746ae7872993",
            "input": "Article: It can be hard to encourage families of preschoolers to turn off the TV,but there are plenty of highquality shows that promote learning and positive relationships rather than violence,researchers noted. \"Although clearly kids watch too much,what's more worrying is that they watch poor quality shows,\" said Dr Christakis,the lead researcher on the new study from the University of Washington in Seattle.His former survey of parents of threeto fiveyearold children showed the kids often watched violent cartoons and movies that are \"totally inappropriate\". For their study,he and his colleagues randomly divide 565 preschoolers into two groups.In one group,parents recorded notes about kids' normal TV viewing,without receiving any guidelines to reduce or change those habits.In the other group,researchers made visits and calls and sent monthly newsletters encouraging parents to replace violent TV with educational programming.After six and 12 months,parents reported their kid's angry,aggressive or anxious behaviors on a questionnaire.At both time points,children in the TV intervention   program had slightly fewer problems than those in the comparison group.Boys in lowincome families seemed to benefit most from the change in programming,the researchers found. \"The point is,this is something that is as effective as other things we do to try to guide behavior in children,and it's fairly simple,\" Christakis said. Another study published in Pediatrics found the more TV kids and teens watched,the more likely they were to have a crime or other problems in society.Children may imitate violence they see--or more time in front of the TV could simply mean less communication with peers and families,and worse performance in school. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends kids watch no more than one to two hours of highquality programming each day.Researchers agreed parents should be mindful of what exactly their young kids are watching on TV as well.\"It's  not just about turning the TV off,it's about changing the channel,\" Christakis said. \n Answer: Good learning results and relationships.",
            "output": [
                "What is the positive effect of highquality TV shows on kids?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d13dfd75d0d49619b12627e1db6e99a",
            "input": "Article: At 2:30 December 5, 1945, five US Navy training planes took off in clear weather from the base Lauderdale, Florida. The planes flew east over the coast... and disappeared. The group was Flight 19, on a run between Florida and Bahamas. Tailor was the group leader. At about 3:40, Tailor reported that his compasses  were not reading properly. The other planes followed their leaders aimlessly, first east, then west, then northeast over the ocean, as Tailor tried to make sure of the direction by radio. Then, suddenly Tailor was heard to give orders to dive...     Quickly, two giant Martin seaplanes were sent up to search for Flight 19. Several hours later, the wind became strong and visibility   dropped. A return to base was ordered. But only one of the Martin seaplanes landed. Four days later, the Navy and Coast Guard  _ a 100,000 square--mile area with more than 100 planes and ships. No sign was ever shown of the missing planes.     Today, people have noted the disappearance of many ships and planes in the southwest part of the North Atlantic and began to call this area the Bermuda Triangle.     The points of the triangle are Bermuda, Puerto Rico and a particular place in the Gulf of Mexico, west of Florida. It is a two--faced water world of tiny islands, bright beaches and beautiful waters. Yet thick fogs, powerful currents  and sudden storms are hidden behind this smiling surface. \n Answer: To the northeast of Bermuda in the Atlantic Ocean.",
            "output": [
                "In what position did Flight 19 disappear?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-820b94443a9f4ae1ba17deac1dcf7c27",
            "input": "Article: There is an English saying, \"Laughter is the best medicine.\" Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can improve people's health. Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, makes the heart beat quicker and makes people breathe deeper; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial. Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programmes. The group that tolerated   the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny programme. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which _ both stress and pain. As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients' condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter. \n Answer: Laughter can make you become old quickly.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following statements is WRONG?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f10014022c1d4fb6b146a17558825379",
            "input": "Article: Where do you keep ice? In die freezer, of course. That's what scientists might have thought when they were looking for a safe place to store ice from mountain glaciers from around the world. They've decided to store ice in Antarctica because global warming is causing some of the glaciers in places like the Alps to melt. Jerome Chappellaz of the French National Centre for Scientific Research is involved in creating an ice vault  there. He says: \"We are probably the only scientific community whose sample   is in danger of disappearing from the face of the planet. If you work on rocks or on tree rings, the raw material is still here and will be for many centuries.\" And why do scientists need to study ice from the Alps, for example? Ice formed on the top of a mountain is made of snow accumulated over thousands of years. Trapped air bubbles   contain samples of the atmosphere that existed when that ice was formed. Ice is a record of climate By examining ice. we know carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is higher now than in the last three million years. Researchers use this kind of data to build computer models and try to predict what might happen in the future. The ice vault will be housed in a snow cave at the Concordia Research Station, which is operated by scientists from France and Italy. The ice samples will be sealed in bags and placed 10 meters below the surface. at a constant temperature of -50*C. This will put the scientists' minds at rest. Losing the ice samples would be a disaster, and nobody wants to see a mine of scientific knowledge lost forever in a giant pool. \n Answer: Its function as a freezer.",
            "output": [
                "What makes Antarctica a safe place to store ice?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-48a23e0645be4d03879dfda4f0113297",
            "input": "Article: Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend   to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed   between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don't Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity - or extreme overweight - among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject   older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% - and is growing. \n Answer: They regard eating as a key part of their life style.",
            "output": [
                "In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69e39902c10b4425a0abab945c1cddc6",
            "input": "Article: There is a group of people whose numbers the British Government desperately wants to see dropping. They're mostly in their early 20s, without jobs and not at university. They often wander the streets and are seen as a threat.     The Office for National Statistics reported on Dec, 11, 2006 that the number of young people who are not in school and not working or in training inprefix = st1 /Britainhas risen sharply since 1997.     Britainnow has 1.24 million people aged 15 to 24 who have nothing to do. That's a 15 percent increase over 1997. One in six people in this age group is _ .     These people are most likely to be from lower-income families and be supported by their families or the government. Those over 18 can get a weekly job seeker's allowance ofPS46 (690 yuan) from the government. This is only enough to cover the basic cost of living. Housing benefits are also available. But for single people under 25, these only cover rent for very cheap accommodation, such as a shared room. So most unemployed young people choose to live with their parents, where they can have a room of their own. Some charities or local governments offer free housing for homeless young people as well. Nightstop UK, for example, offers help to young people aged 16--25. However, the housing is often only short-term.     British politician Iain Duncan-Smith blames the breakdown of traditional families on the increasing number of unemployed or untrained young people.     InBritaintoday, about one in 10 families are headed by a cohabiting couple. Cohabiting parents are twice as likely to break up as married parents, according to a Conservative Party report. Family breakdown is likely to lead to ignoring a child's education.     Poor post-school vocational training programmes are also being criticized. Independent research suggests that some training programmes are a waste of time.     The New Deal, a major programme to help the unemployed young, is one example. In 1998, 61 per cent of those leaving the programme could find jobs. That number is now down to 35 per cent.     \"It shows a failure of government policy. Even if you put in a large amount of money, if you haven't got the basic policies right, you won't get the results,\" said politician David Willetts. \n Answer: 3",
            "output": [
                "How many factors are mentioned in this passage that lead to the increase of unemployment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9da6ee6f559241ff9fff9adde9e942a0",
            "input": "Article: If music makes you smarter, and exercise helps brain function, can exercising to music really boost brainpower? Some researchers said it could. Volunteers who listened to Vivaldi~ \"Four Seasons\" while working out on a treadmill did much better on a test of verbal ability than when they exercised without music, a team at prefix = st1 /OhioStateUniversityfound. \"Evidence suggests that exercise improves the cognitive performance of people with coronary artery disease ,\" said psychologist Charles Emery, who led the study. \"And listening to music is thought to enhance brainpower. We wanted to put the  _ together,\" Emery added in a statement. Writing in the latest issue of the journal Heart & Lung, Emery and colleagues said they studied 33 men and women taking part in a cardiac rehabilitation program after having bypass surgery,  angioplasty or other procedures to treat clogged arteries.  The volunteers said they felt better emotionally and mentally after working out with or without the music. But their improvement on the verbal fluency test doubled after listening to music on the treadmills .\"Exercise seems to cause positive changes in the nervous system, and these changes may have a direct effect on cognitive ability,\" Emery said.  \"Listening to music may influence cognitive function through different pathways in the brain. The combination of music and exercise may stimulate and increase cognitive arousal while helping to organize cognitive output.\" Emery said he now wanted to test people using music of their own choice. \"We used The Four Seasons' because of its moderate tempo and positive effects on medical patients in previous research,\" Emery said. \"But given the range of music preferences among patients, it's especially important to evaluate the influence of other types of music on cognitive outcomes.\" \n Answer: Improvement on the verbal fluency can be achieved by working out with the music.",
            "output": [
                "According to the latest issue of the journal Heart & Lung, which of the following is tree?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-32dcf42871e643d89cee4ab346a22948",
            "input": "Article: My daughter Allie is leaving for college in a week. Her room is piled with shopping bags filled with blankets, towels, jeans, sweaters. She won't talk about going. I say, \"I'm going to miss you,\" and she gives me one of her looks and leaves the room. Another time I say, in a voice so friendly it surprises even me: \"Do you think you'll take your posters and pictures with you, or will you get new ones at college?\" She answers, her voice filled with annoyance, \"How should I know?\"  My daughter is off with friends most of the time. Yesterday was the last day she'd have until Christmas with her friend Katharine, whom she's known since kindergarten. Soon, it will be her last day with Sarah, Claire, Heather... and then it will be her last day with me.  My friend Karen told me, \"The August before I left for college, I screamed at my mother the whole month. Be prepared.\"  I stand in the kitchen, watching Allie make a glass of iced tea. Her face, once so open and trusting, is closed to me. I struggle to think of something to say to her, something meaningful and warm. I want her to know I'm excited about the college she has chosen, that I know the adventure of her life is just starting and that I am proud of her. But the look on her face is so mad that I think she might hit me if I open my mouth.  One night -- after a long period of silence between us -- I asked what I might have done or said to make her angry with me. She sighed and said, \"Mom, you haven't done anything. It's fine.\" It is fine -- just distant.  Somehow in the past we had always found some way to connect. When Allie was a baby, I would go to the day-care center after work. I'd find a quiet spot and she would nurse -- our eyes locked together, reconnecting with each other.  In middle school, when other mothers were already regretting the distant relationship they felt with their adolescent daughters, I hit upon a solution: rescue measures. I would show up occasionally at school, sign her out of class and take her somewhere -- out to lunch, to the movies, once for a long walk on the beach. It may sound irresponsible, but it kept us close when other mothers and daughters were quarrelling. We talked about everything on those outings -- outings we kept secret from family and friends.  When she started high school, I'd get up with her in the morning to make her a sandwich for lunch, and we'd silently drink a cup of tea together before the 6:40 bus came.  A couple of times during her senior year I went into her room at night, the light off, but before she went to sleep. I'd sit on the edge of her bed, and she'd tell me about problems: a teacher who lowered her grade because she was too shy to talk in class, a boy who teased her, a friend who had started smoking. Her voice, coming out of the darkness, was young and questioning.  A few days later I'd hear her on the phone, repeating some of the things I had said, things she had adopted for her own.  But now we are having two kinds of partings. I want to say good-bye in a romantic way. For example, we can go to lunch and lean across the table and say how much we will miss each other. I want smiles through tears, bittersweet moments of memory and the chance to offer some last bits of wisdom. But as she prepares to depart, Allie has hidden her feelings. When I reach to touch her arm, she pulls away. She turns down every invitation I extend. She lies on her bed, reading Emily Dickinson until I say I have always loved Emily Dickinson, and then she closes the book. Some say the tighter your bond with your child, the greater her need to break away, to establish her own identity in the world. The more it will hurt, they say. A friend of mine who went through a difficult time with her daughter but now has become close to her again, tells me, \"Your daughter will be back to you.\" ks5u \"I don't know,\" I say. I sometimes feel so angry that I want to go over and shake Allie. I want to say, \"Talk to me -- or you're grounded!\" I feel myself wanting to say that most horrible of all mother phrases: \"Think of everything I've done for you.\" Late one night, as I'm getting ready for bed she comes to the bathroom door and watches me brush my teeth. For a moment, I think I must be brushing my teeth in a way she doesn't approve of. But then she says, \"I want to read you something.\" It's a brochure from her college. \"These are tips for parents.\" I watch her face as she reads the advice aloud: \" 'Don't ask your child if she is homesick,' it says. 'She might feel bad the first few weeks, but don't let it worry you. This is a natural time of transition. Write her letters and call her a lot. Send a package of candies...' \" Her voice breaks, and she comes over to me and buries her head in my shoulder. I stroke her hair, lightly, afraid she'll run if I say a word. We stand there together for long moments, swaying. Reconnecting. I know it will be hard again. It's likely there will be a fight about something. But I am grateful to be standing in here at midnight, both of us tired and sad, toothpaste spread on my chin, holding tight to--while also letting go of--my daughter who is trying to say good-bye. \n Answer: The author is ready to adjust her way of parenting.",
            "output": [
                "Why is there a period of silence between the author and Allie one night?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b4c48304ee74b30a2339d5f04a7c47b",
            "input": "Article: We are always told that TV is not good for us. If it is true, how come the TV-addicted kids of our young generation nowadays are much smarter than we are? In my family, the only persons who can work the TV remote control well are the children. Probably TV really educates us. For example, we can learn a very useful medical fact: _ . \"The killer was...\" (dies) But I suppose the biggest things that we learn from TV can be regarded as \"Life Skills\". Bad things simply happen on either stormy or dark nights. Emotional breakdowns make people wander in the heavy rain without raincoats or umbrellas. And contrary to the scientists, the crack of lightning and the accompanying flash come on at exactly the same time, wherever the scenes are. I've even got to know useful geographical facts from science-fiction shows: Aliens only speak the language of English no matter which planet they come from. To make good use of something that we learn from TV can make our security better. Consider these truths. When you are really attacked by 20 bad guys, you needn't worry about your being outnumbered. The criminals will hang back and take turns to approach you in ones and twos just so you can conveniently defeat them all. Bad guys who are completely covered in black clothes always remove their black masks to reveal that they are in fact, aha, women. TV often teaches us a lot of important information as well about escaping from danger. Watch and learn. (1) If anyone is running after you down a passage, you will find that boxes have been conveniently placed near all the walls you need to jump over. (2) If you are tall and handsome, you can run from any number of armed criminals, and every shot will miss you. Be warned, however, if your name card says \"henchman\"   and you are part of a group of plain-looking people trying to catch a handsome individual, a single shot will kill you. But don't be anxious: TV also delivers useful information for bad guys. All cars are inflammable   and have amazing shock absorbers that enable them to fly into the air and land without damage -- except police cars. TV even teaches us about TV. Whenever anyone turns on a TV, it shows a news flash about someone they know. They then turn the box off immediately after that news item. \n Answer: TV always shows news about famous people.",
            "output": [
                "On TV what usually happens when a person turns it on?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-704b13bb7e8a446a879007b295f213ae",
            "input": "Article: \"It hurts me more than you,''and \"This is for your own good.''These are the statements my mother used to make years ago when I had to learn Latin,clean my room,stay home and do homework. That was before we entered the permissive period in educafion in which we decided it was all right not to push our children to achieve their best in school.The schools and the educators made it easy on us.They thought that it was all right to be parents who take a let-alone policy. We stopped making our children do homework. We gave them calculators,turned on the television,left the teaching to the teachers and went on vacation. Now teachers,faced with children who have been developing at their own pace for the past 15 years,are realizing we've made a terrible mistake.One such teacher is Sharon Klompus who says of her students-\"so passive\"-and-wonders what happened.Nothing was demanded of them,she believes. Television,says Klompus,contributes to children's passivity.\"We're not training kids to work any more,\" says Klompus.\"we're talking about a generation of kids who've never been hurt or hungry.They have learned somebody will always do it for them. Instead of saying 'go look it up',you tell them the answer.It takes greater energy to say no to a kid.\" Yes,it does.It takes energy and it takes work. It's time for parents to end their vacation and come back to work.It's time to take the car away, to turn the TV off, to tell them it hurts you more than them but it's for their own good.It's time to start telling them no again. \n Answer: Because they watch TV too often",
            "output": [
                "Why are children becoming more inactive in study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3dcedc9a30f743faa4b0dccc71ab2e7d",
            "input": "Article: Humor is a most effective, yet frequently neglected, means of handling the difficult situations in our lives. It can be used for patching up differences, apologizing, saying \"no,\" criticizing, getting the other fellow to do what you want without his losing face. For some jobs, it's the only tool that can succeed. It is a way to discuss subjects so sensitive that serious dialogue may start a quarrel. For example, many believe that comedians on television are doing more today for racial and religious tolerance than people in any other forum. Humor is often the best way to keep a small misunderstanding from escalating into a big deal. Recently a neighbor of mine had a squabble with his wife as she drove him to the airport. Airborne, he felt miserable, and he knew she did, too. Two hours after she returned home, she received a long-distance phone call. \"Person-to-person for Mrs. I. A. Pologize,\" intoned the operator. \"That's spelled 'P' as in...\" In a twinkling, the whole day changed from grim to lovely at both ends of the wire. An English hostess with a quick wit was giving a formal dinner for eight distinguished guests whom she hoped to enlist in a major charity drive. Austerity was a fashion in England at the time, and she had asked her children to serve the meal. She knew that anything could happen--and it did, just as her son, with the studied concentration of a tightrope walker, brought in a large roast turkey. He successfully elbowed the swinging dining-room door, but the backswing threw the bird onto the dining-room floor. The boy stood rooted: guests stared at their plates. Moving only her head the hostess smiled at her son,\" No harm, Daniel,\" she said. \"Just pick him up and take him back to the kitchen\"... she enunciated clearly so he would think about what she was saying... \"and bring in the other one.\" A wink and a one-liner instantly changed the dinner from a red-faced embarrassment to a conspiracy of fun. \n Answer: Humor enables us to cope with difficult situation effectively.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e8cc0cb20be4fda910809037b9430f6",
            "input": "Article: There is an old Chinese tale about a woman whose only son died. Sadly, she went to the holy man and asked, \"What magical things do you have to bring my son back to life?\" Instead of sending her away or reasoning with her, he said to her, \"Fetch me a mustard   seed from a home that has never known sadness. We will use it to drive the sadness out of your life.\" The woman happily went off at once in search of that magical mustard seed. She first came to a splendid house, knocked at the door and said, \"I am looking for a home that has never known sadness. Is it such a place? It is very important to me.\" They told her \"You've certainly come to the wrong place\" and began to describe all the tragic things that had happened to them recently. The woman said to herself, \"I have had misfortune of my own. Who is able to help these poor, unfortunate people?\" She stayed to comfort them, and then went on in search of a home that had never known sadness. But wherever she went, she found one tale after another of sadness and misfortune. She became so involved in other people's sorrow that finally she forgot about her search for the magical mustard seed, never realizing that it had, in fact, driven the sadness out of her life. \n Answer: You can't expect to know the result until you have tried.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following does the story lead us to believe?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-30f390ea57d44ba0a2264085bc1f3520",
            "input": "Article: The 30-mile road that runs through the mountains of Willie Valley makes most drivers' hands sweat. But Andersen, a 46-year-old father of four, wasn't expecting any trouble on the road last New Year's Eve, when he set off for a ski trip to the Bear Mountains with nine-year-old daughter Mia, four-old son Baylor, and nine-year-old neighbor Kenya. Andersen had driven through the Valley hundreds of times over the years. The weather was fine. But the higher they drove, the more slippery the road became. Rounding a sharp U-turn, Andersen saw a heavy truck off the road and immediately hit his brakes. In a minute, the car was going at 25 miles per hour down the mountain before falling down from a ten-foot dam into the extremely cold Logan River. The crash had broken a few windows, and within seconds, the car was filled with water. \"It was frightening that we were going fast into deep water,\" remembers Andersen, a soft-spoken manager. Having lost all sense of direction, Andersen began to search the freezing water for the kids. Mia had been right next to him in the front seat; now, in the blackness, he couldn't find her. \"I thought, if I don't get out, maybe none of us are going to get out.\" Andersen got out of his seat belt, swam through a broken window, and, deeply and quickly, breathed air at the surface. That's when he saw a group of men, about ten in all, appear at the top of the dam. One after another, they rushed down into the water. Helping onto safety all the three children, they began to shout at the father, \"Who else is in the car?\" Andersen says respectfully, \" _ .\" \n Answer: The heavy truck.",
            "output": [
                "What might be the main cause of the car accident?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b859563e647243748d265ccd9338406d",
            "input": "Article: Faced with a tough job market, fresh graduates are dreaming of running their own businesses instead. But a recent survey has showed that such ambitions lack the required support and remain just that -- dreams. The Shanghai Municipal Employment Promotion Center poll of 1,276 graduates in several universities and colleges in the city, released last Friday, showed 59.78 percent of respondents considered the possibility of setting up a company or at least a small store. \"But they just stop at the 'thinking' stage,\" it stated. Respondents put the top reasons for not going it alone down to a shortage of investment and a lack of business opportunity. They also listed lack of business experience and social networks, the need for advanced study and objections from family members as factors that stood in their way. More than 90 percent of the interviewees said they would rather take up a job after graduating and then consider starting their own business two or three years down the road. Guo Bing, a senior student in Shanghai International Studies University majoring in English, decided he wanted to be his own boss last year. But he is looking for a job first. \"If I fail to find a satisfying job, I would like to establish a company in exhibition services,\" Guo said. The Shanghai native has some relatives working in a local printing plant. With their help, Guo hopes to produce exhibition brochures at a relatively low price. He is also confident that his English language skills can help him do well in the industry. \"Social networking is an important factor leading to business success,\" Guo said. Guo said that the shortage of graduate jobs is the main reason driving more university students to set up a business right after their graduation. Jiang said the university sets up a business guide team made of government officials and professionals. They regularly give training courses to students who show an interest in having their own business. The parents of university graduates are more willing to help their children start up alone, the survey showed\" Once you win the support of your family, you have won half the battle,\" Guo added. \n Answer: Graduates Who Can Only Dream of Being Boss",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-238996811b0a4d2fb7d3fbc086b7824c",
            "input": "Article: 1. Summer came early to Middlesbrough yesterday, as temperatures shot up to 22degC (71degF), a record for March. But local NFU agent Jim Wilkes says it could be bad news for farmers. \"The crops will think it's summer,\" he told our reporter, \"and start sprouting   four weeks before time.\" 2. The death toll   of the Burnside train crash rose to four yesterday when John Phillips, 32, of Petersville died in Wallsend Hospital. Another six people are still on the danger list. Mr. Phillips, an electrical engineer leaves a wife and two children. 3. China and the United States reached an agreement on the protection of intellectual property rights   yesterday, after difficult marathon talks. The agreement is good news for all parties concerned. The Chinese Foreign Trade Minister described the agreement as a \"turning point\" in Sino-US trade relations that \"promises further progress\" in the future. The agreement will not only favorably influence trade relations between China and the United States. It may favorably influence the overall relations between the two countries. \n Answer: It is colder than usual in Middlesbrough, and the farmers are worried.",
            "output": [
                "What do you get to know from article 1?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2a98c30a6a2a40fbb5e587b409eee49f",
            "input": "Article: Our magazine is presenting to you the top four iPhone (the best seller of Apple Company) applications for more fun on hiking or camping trips recommended by our A-list field hikers and travelers. 1. GPS Kit by Garafa--Never get lost (for $10.) What it does: Download before you leave or use your phone's data connection to view maps from Google (satellite, landscape, cycling, and street), or Bing (shaded relief, street, or image). Record your movements, drop notes or photo makers on previously downloaded Google Earth. 2. Photosynth by Microsoft--Perfect the view (for free!) What it does: Make 360degx360degpanoramas   to your own taste. It saves  the panorama as a single image to your camera roll after combining images. Once you get to know how to hold the iPhone and move to take the photos, you can have pretty simple, fast panoramas! 3. Soundcloud by Soundcloud--Share the sounds (for free!) What it does: Basic sound recorder with on-board   editing (cutting) capabilities. Upload your recordings to the Internet, share on social networks and listen to and follow others! It allows for super-simple recording and uploading to the Internet. You can upload all the sounds as \"non-shared\" files, so you can download them to your computer for continued storage and editing. In addition, with _ , you will never fear your dirty laundries are to put you to shame. There is a growing community of users, including Paul Salopek who is walking around the world. 4. Postagram by Sincerely--Send moments (application is free! /$1 per card.) What it does: The application allows personalized production of e-postcards right from your iPhone. There aren't many post offices out in the mountains, so this can be critical  to send a gift home. And even if there are post offices where you are traveling, sometimes it's easier, cheaper and more fun to send your own DIY messages home. \n Answer: In a travel magazine.",
            "output": [
                "Where can the reader most probably read the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7fcf2f0f85484da69f6081c17cd0d512",
            "input": "Article: For PS12 you can equip an entire classroom in Burkina Faso, for PS31 you can equip a school football team in Sierra Leone and for PS68 you can support the whole education of a Haitian schoolgirl. The educational presents are the latest way on the trend of charitable giving for Christmas. Plan UK, an international children's charity, has made its gift list focusing on helping the world's poorest countries to improve their education conditions. \"Every year we rack our brains for the perfect present and too often end up with yet another pair of socks or a useless ornament,\" said Marie Staunton, Plan UK's chief executive. \"This year we are offering people in the UK the chance to give twice. Buying an alternative gift for a loved one could likely save the life of some of the world's poorest children.\" Plan UK is working on projects in specific countries, such as Burkina Faso, which is one of the poorest countries in the world and has a primary school enrolment rate of just 36%. A present of PS12 will help equip a classroom in Burkina Faso with chairs, desks, books and pencils. The educational presents are the latest addition to a list of other charitable presents, including vaccinations and clean water systems. Football strips for schoolchildren in Sierra Leone are designed to help the children have fun while continuing with the psychological healing process following the country's civil war. The PS31 gift will supply the team strip, a football and a whistle to a school in Sierra Leone. Oxfam offers similar gifts. Its Back to School kits for five pupils is a bestseller in a catalogue which includes the PS24 Christmas goat, the PS30 lavatory and PS12 for school dinners for up to 200 children. \n Answer: The sufferings brought by war still have side effects on the children in Sierra Leone.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is Right according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c85cf4ca802c44f6954e3af37a0f20af",
            "input": "Article: Snapshots, the new fashion for an artistic portrait   photo: Take it underwater. Zhang Xiaomei, a 20 something Shanghai native who works in the media industry, tried it out twice. \"It was a completely different experience,\" says Zhang of her first such experience last May. \"You get the feeling that you're cut off from the rest of the world. But also it s romantic and like a fairy tale.\" She then successfully convinced her husband to be to have their wedding photos taken underwater a couple of months after her first try. \"Can you imagine a 1.87-meter-tall man trying out something like a fishtail under the water?\" Zhang says, laughing. A commercial underwater photo portrait is perfect for post 80 and post 90 generations who adore taking snapshots, but are looking for new ways to be artistic, says Ai Cheng, owner and photographer of No.55 Underwater Photography in Shanghai. Ai opened a studio in Shanghai's suburb of Songjiang two years ago, building a 5-meter- deep, fan-shaped pool equipped with heating facilities to start up the business. A 30-minute training on how to smile under the water so that you won't drink too much water and how to open your eyes underwater is offered in his studio for those who don't know how to swim. Ai says most of his customers are female--half of them coming for an artistic portrait photo and the rest for wedding pictures. \"Some of them drag their boyfriends or husband-to-be, who are unwilling to go down to the water, to shoot as well,\" he says. \n Answer: The Best Smiles May Be All Wet.",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d03c4addce9b49a49ed06786b7ddc4d2",
            "input": "Article: Large areas of the Amazon rainforest were grassland until just 2,000 years ago when it has been found. Researchers say the find gives new light on the Amazon's history - and show it was a savannah   rather than the high forest it is today. They believe much of the area was grassland until a natural shift to a wetter climate about 2,000 years ago let the rainforests form, according to a study that challenges common belief that the world's biggest tropical forest is far older. The arrival of European diseases after Columbus crossed the Atlantic in 1492 may also have sped up the growth of forests by killing the local people farming the region, the scientists wrote in the US journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).  \"The dominant ecosystem was more like a savannah than the rainforest we see today,\" John Carson, lead author at the University of Reading in England, said of the findings about the southern Amazon. The scientists said that a shift toward wetter conditions, perhaps caused by natural shifts in the Earth's orbit around the sun, led to growth of more trees starting about 2,000 years ago. The \"findings suggest that rather than being rainforest hunter-gatherers, or large-scale forest clearers, the people of the Amazon from 2,500 to 500 years ago were farmers,\" the University of Reading said in a statement. Carson said that perhaps a fifth of the Amazon basin, in the south, may have been savannah until the shift, with forests covering the rest. In one lake, Laguna Granja, rainforest plants only took over from grass as the main sources of sediments   about 500 years old, suggesting a link to the arrival of Europeans. And understanding the forest could help solve puzzles about climate change. The Amazon rainforest affects climate change because trees soak up heat-trapping carbon dioxide as they grow and release it when they rot or are burnt. Brazil has sharply slowed deforestation   rates in recent years. \n Answer: History of the Amazon rainforests.",
            "output": [
                "In what way does the study challenge people's traditional belief?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-62d180fe6d0440a8bc5dcaa5fefe0351",
            "input": "Article: I've just got to talk about this problem I'm having with my postman. It all began a year ago, after the birth of his first child. Not wanting to appear rude, I asked him about the baby. The next week, not wanting him to think I had asked out of mere politeness the week before, I asked all about the baby again. Now I can't break the habit. I freeze whenever I see him coming. The words \"How's the baby?\" come out on their own. It holds me up. It holds him up. So why can't I stop it? The answer is that I want him to like me. Come to think of it, I want everyone to like me. My sister had the same problem with the caretaker of her block of flats: \"All he ever does is complain; he talks at me rather than to me, never listens to a word I say, and yet for some reason I'm always really nice to him. I'm worried in case I have a difficulty one day, and he won't lift a finger to help.\" What about at work? Richard Lawton, a management trainer, warns: \"Those managers who are actually liked by most of their staff are always those to whom being liked is not the primary goal. The qualities that make managers popular are being honest with staff, treating them as human beings and observing common politeness like saying hello in the morning.\" To explain the point, Richard mentions the story of the company chairman who desperately wanted to be liked and who, after making one of his managers fired, said with moist   eyes that he was so, so sorry the man was leaving. The employee replied: \"If you were that sorry, I wouldn't be leaving.\" The lesson being, therefore, that if you try too hard to be liked, people won't like you. The experts say it all starts in childhood. \"If children feel they can only get love from their parents by being good,\" says Zelda West-Meads, a marriage guidance consultant, \"they develop low self-confidence and become _ .\" But is there anything wrong in being a giver, the world not being exactly short of takers? Anne Cousins believes there is. \"There is a point at which giving becomes unhealthy,\" she says. \"It comes when you do things for others but feel bad about it.\" I am now trying hard to say to people \"I feel uncomfortable about saying this, but...\" and tell myself \"Refusal of a request does not mean rejection of a person\" and I find I can say almost anything to almost anyone. \n Answer: He wants to create a good impression.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author ask the postman about his baby?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-387fc0bf111a4109b87e372e49472f72",
            "input": "Article: It was 3:12 a.m. when nine-year-old Glenn Kreamer awoke to the smell of burning. Except for the crackling  of flames somewhere below there was not a sound in the two-storey house at Baldwin, Long Island. With his father away on night duty at a local factory, Glenn was worried about the safety of his mother, his sister Karen, 14 and his 12-year-old brother Todd. He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull at Karen and Todd until they sat up. Then he helped each one through the house to the safety of the garden. There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick breaths and coughing, collapsed on the lawn.     The nine-year-old raced back into the house and upstairs to his mother's room. He found it impossible to wake her up. Mrs. Kreamer, a victim of the smoke, was unconscious, and there was nobody to help Glenn carry her to the garden. But the boy remained calm and , as a fireman said later, \"acted with all the self-control of a trained adult.\"    On the bedroom telephone, luckily still working, Glenn called his father and, leaving Mr. Kreamer to telephone the fire brigade and ambulance service, got on with the task of saving his mother.    First he filled a bucket with water from the bathroom and threw water over his mother and her bed. Then, with a wet cloth around his head he went back to the garden.    He could hear the fire engine coming up, but how would the firemen find his mother in the smoke-filled house where flames had almost swallowed up the ground floor? Grasping firmly a ball of string  from the garage, Glenn raced back into the house and dashed upstairs to his mother's room. Tying one end of the string to her hand, he ran back, laying out the string as he went, through the hall and back out into the garden. Minutes later he was telling fire chief John Coughlan: \"The string will lead you to my mother.\" Mrs. Kreamer was carried to safety as the flames were breaking through her bedroom floor. \n Answer: By tying a string to her hand.",
            "output": [
                "How did Glenn help the firemen to save his mother?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4dddfdd267e8412bb0bd7a1c993f0211",
            "input": "Article: Scottish Islands Airports    Many of the larger Scottish Islands have airports on the smaller islands. This makes island travel a lot easier across from the mainland of Scotland and between islands. Flying over the islands gives you a bird's-eye view on clear days.                                Orkney Islands Airport    Kirkwall Airport is 3 miles east of Kirkwall itself. Scheduled flights largely by Loganair/British Airways to and from Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Inverness Sumburgh on Shetland are serviced by Kirkwall Airport. The inter - island flight between Papa Westray and Westray is the shortest scheduled flight in the world lasting a mere 2-3 minutes!  If you make the journey you get a certificate to prove you've made it.                      Outer Hebrides Airports Western Isles    Stornoway Airport, four miles east of the town, is the main airport for flights to the Western Isles. Flights to Stornoway run direct from Edinburgh,  Glasgow, Aberdeen and Inverness. There are two other airports serving the Outer Hebrides islands. Benbecula airport is on the west coast of the island.Barra Airport is actually on a beach--the only beach airport in the world handling scheduled flights.                              Islay Airport     Islay has its own small airport. British Airways/Loganair schedule regular flights to Islay from Glasgow International Airport. Islay Airport is on the south west of the islands beside a seven mile beach. There is a gift shop at the air- port. Opening hours: Mon-Fri 9 am-12:30 and 1:30-6:15 pm; Sat 9:30-10:30 am; Sun 5:30-6:30 pm.                         The Oban to Colonsay Air Service    You can now fly direct to the Isle of Colonsay in the Inner Hebrides from Oban Airport. Flights between Oban and Colonsay operate twice daily on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Extra flights between Oban Airport and Colonsay also run during termtime on Saturdays and Sundays. \n Answer: 7",
            "output": [
                "How many airports are introduced in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2ef393f1696c4b04a392e6adb4532b16",
            "input": "Article: Years ago, when I started looking for my first job, wise advisers advised,  \"Barbara, be enthusiastic ! Enthusiasm will take you further than any amount of experience.\" How right they were! \"Nothing great was ever done without enthusiasm,\" wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson. It is the paste  that helps you hang in there when the things get tough. It is the inner voice that tells you, \"I can do it!\" when others shout, \"No, you can't!\" It took years and years for the early work of Barbara McClintock, a geneticist who won the 1983 Nobel Prize in medicine, to be generally accepted. Yet she didn't stop working on her experiments. We are all born with wide-eyed, enthusiastic wonder and it is the childlike wonder that gives enthusiastic people such youthful air, whatever their age. At 90, cellist Pablo Casals would start his day by playing the cello . As the music flowed through his fingers, his shoulders would straighten and joy would reappear in his eyes. As writer and poet Samuel Ullman once worte, \"Years wrinkle  the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.\" Enthusiastic people also love what they do, not considering money or title or power. Patricia Mellratl, a retired director of the Missouri Rpertory Theater in Kansas City, was once asked where she got her enthusiasm. She replied, \"My father, long ago, told me, 'I never made any money until I stopped working for it.'\" We can't afford to waste tears on \"might-have-been\". We need to turn the tears into sweat as we go after \"what-can-be\". We need to live each moment whole-heartedly, with all our senses finding pleasure in the sweet of a backyard garden, the simple picture of a six-year-old, and the beauty of a rainbow. \n Answer: Enthusiasm can make you succeed and enjoy life.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly talking about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cc7440c38e164711a82fc0b89a222027",
            "input": "Article: The London Underground is one of the best transport networks in the world with around 24 million journeys made each day, so it is important that everything runs smoothly. Remember the following to travel like a Londoner. Keep right on escalator  London Underground asks that you stand on the right when using the escalators and leave the left free for others to walk down. If you are traveling in a big group, or with lots of shopping bags, stand and stay right and let others pass you---it will speed up the process and be a more pleasant journey for everyone! Remember the \"rush hour\" The tube network is very busy during the rush hour. You can expect the trains and stations to be overcrowded between 7:30 and 9:30 in the morning and between 17:00 and 19:00 in the evening. Move down the platform to find more space As you enter the station platform, you will often find more room if you walk down to the end of the platform. Here, the train carriages are usually the emptiest as well. Carry a bottle of water in warmer moths The London Underground is over 150 years old and although the trains have been modernized, many still lack air conditioning and cooling units. Make sure you take a bottle of water with you, especially in the summer, as the long tube journeys can get very hot. Keep your personal belongings safe Like any large city be cautions of pickpockets operating in the busy stations and tubes. Carry a bag with zips and keep your personal belongings and valuable items in it to avoid becoming the victims of theft. Plan your journey on the London Underground in advance with a free tube map. Click here to download. \n Answer: It is enjoyable for people to travel on it all year round..",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about the London Underground from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-97c45174aa84420a87a8ce108145b62e",
            "input": "Article: Old-Fashioned Play--For Pay        Kids !Come have a ball! Or 60,000 of them! There's a new type of business franchise that is appearing in shopping malls and neighborhoods acrossprefix = st1 /Americaoffering pay-per-use indoor playgrounds ,which feature toys ,games ,supervised fun and a workout that doesn't break the family bank.        As public playgrounds grow increasingly worn and dirty, the for-profit centers offer clean, safe supervised activity as well as a variety of challenging exercises to develop youngsters' physical fitness, usually for a fee of around 5$ an hour. \"Playgrounds are dirty ,not supervised,\" says Dick Guggenheimer ,owner of the two-month-old Discovery Zone in Yonkers, N.Y., part of Kansas City-based chain, \"We are indoors; we are padded ;parents can feel their child is safe\".        In order to satisfy the need of two-earner families ,the new franchise stayed open in the evenings ,long after traditional public playgrounds have grown dark and unusable .However these new playgrounds are not meant to be day-care centers .Parents are expected go stay and play with their kids rather than drop them off. But several also provide high-tech baby-sitting services. At some of the Discovery Zones, parents can register their children in special supervised programs, then leave them and slip away for a couple of hours to enjoy a movie or dinner. If there is a problem ,Mom and Dad are called.        The most fun of all, though, is getting to do what parents used to do in the days before two-earner families and two-hour commutes; play with their kids. That ,at least ,is old-fashioned, even at per-hour rates. \n Answer: Children can play in the public playgrounds without parents' care.",
            "output": [
                "What is this article mainly talking about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7041d44a5bb24498aad3a851ed9e85b8",
            "input": "Article: Over the next 20 to 50 years, it will become harder to tell the difference between the human and the machine. All body parts will be replaceable. A computer will function like the human brain with the ability to recognize feelings and respond with emotions. They can then make fake people. We will then be able to create a machine duplicate   of ourselves so we will appear to be alive long after we are dead. Maybe a few decades later, a way will be found to transfer our spirit to the new body. Then we can choose to live for as long as we want. Once one of you is duplicated, you will just have to press Ctrl + D and you will have two of you. If you want 500, select 500. Naturally, when duplicates are running around all over the place, there will be a food problem. The most practical choice would be garbage. Your modified duplicate will be made to eat garbage like a goat. But don't worry. Their taste buds and sense of smell will be changed so they will really enjoy it. They will want to eat lots of garbage. When it becomes possible to do a spirit transfer, you will be able to live within whichever duplicate you want, whenever you want and as long as you want. Just imagine what it would be like when you are with so many duplicates of yourself. You will be very busy enjoying many things. One duplicate of yourself is in the middle of doing a jigsaw puzzle   and another duplicate has almost completed another puzzle. When you become tired of the joy of puzzles, \"you\" jump to the duplicate that is eating garbage, then to the one that is playing in a rock concert, then to the one that is scoring the winning goal. You will be so busy enjoying so many things that it could drive you crazy.  When it is predicted that things will be better in the future, it doesn't necessarily mean that things will be easier! \n Answer: What it will be like if people are duplicated.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7dc77b679aee43ef8035e8e327453ea9",
            "input": "Article: Did you know that the position you choose to sleep in says something about what kind of person you are? A study of 1,000British people has been done by Chris,a British professor and director of the Sleep Assessment and Advisory Service in the UK.It looked at the six most common sleeping positions and which personalities tend to match them.Have a look. 1. Fetus   position - This is the most common sleeping position. About 41 percent of the _ said they sleep in this position. These sleepers may appear to be strong but they are usually sensitive   and shy. The more they curl   up, the more worried they are. 2. Log position   - This is the second most common position. People who sleep like a log are usually stubborn. 3. Yearner position   - This position says that you are open-minded and eager   to face challenges. 4. Soldier position - These sleepers lie on their backs with their arms down and close to the body. They are usually reserved and quiet. 5. Freefall position - People who sleep in this position are outgoing   but feel a lack of control in their lives. This is the least comfortable position. 6. Starfish position - People who sleep like this are good listeners, helpful, and uncomfortable being the center of attention. \n Answer: Sleeping position reflects personality.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11cbb672e9c3412da3f16204e3ec5f60",
            "input": "Article: Most kids get bored with their toys quickly, even the newest ones. The service of renting toys can save parents from buying lots of new toys for their kids. The new web-based company, Baby Plays, was invented by Lori Pope, a mother of twin boys. When her kids' toys started taking over all the floor space in her house, she thought that maybe she didn't need to buy so many toys. What's more, her kids seemed to lose interest in each new toy very quickly. Finally she realized that she needed a special service. She wanted to borrow one toy at a time. When her kids didn't like it any more she could send the toy back. But she couldn't find any service like that, so she decided to create her own. Pope owned a company before. She poured a lot of money into Baby Plays to buy all the best toys. These toys are for children aged from 0 to 5. Under her plan, customers can rent six toys each month. The price for renting a new toy is less than most costs of buying a new toy. Generally, families will keep each toy for one month. This period is plenty for most kids to get tired of playing with it. If the kids are really interested in a particular toy, they can keep it till they are attracted to a new one. Kids are not good at keeping their toys in perfect condition, but Pope doesn't mind a little wear and tear. She thinks that even if the kids don't care about their toys' condition, the parents do. And she will not ever rent anyone a low-quality toy. \n Answer: Because her kids got bored with toys quickly.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the mother invent a rent-a-toy company?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-767c85d58cde409e9839ff07cec2824d",
            "input": "Article: Illustrated Talks at London Canal Museum Illustrated talks are held at 7:30 pm, on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission to talks and museum is charged at the usual museum admission charges. 3rd September: Protecting our Waterway Heritage by Nigel Crowe. Nigel is the Conservation Adviser to the Canal and River Trust . He undertook a comprehensive survey of the heritage of the waterways when first appointed, and now advises the CRT on its protection. 1st October: The Canal and River Trust by John Dodwell. Founding trustee and long standing waterways enthusiast  John Dodwell will detail the Trust's progress to date. He will explain the issues they face and the limits under which they work. 5th November: The work of the Thames Ironworks Heritage Trust by Gavin Redknap. Gavin was one of the founders of the Trust that is working to save and restore some of the few surviving craft built at the Thames Ironworks Yard at the mouth of Bow Creek. The Trust plans to use the fleet of restored one-hundred-year-old lifeboats for community projects on the Lower Lee. 3rd December: The River Thames Society and the River Thames by Peter Finch. Peter, who is Chairman of the River Thames Society, will explain the role and function of the society and then go on to talk about London's river and some of the issues it faces. \n Answer: 3rd December.",
            "output": [
                "When is the talk on the waterways' protection?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-53bcb16d1eff4701991c0b8c612a7bd2",
            "input": "Article: In a unique research cooperation between Stratasys, Education, R&D departments and MIT's Self-Assembly Lab, a new process is being developed, known as 4D Printing. The 4D printing concept, which allows materials to \"self-assemble  \" into 3D structures, was initially proposed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty member Skylar Tibbits. Tibbits and his team combined a strand   of plastic with a layer made out of \"smart\" material that could self-assemble in water. They advanced this concept by creating materials that can change into several different complicated shapes, though this kind of material remains the bottleneck of 4D technology. To many people that are just starting to get used to the idea of 3D printers, the name 4D is causing confusion because they cannot understand where this fourth \"dimension\" coming from. 4D technology shares many of the same principles of 3D printing and is essentially still about creating a new, 3D structure out of certain component; however, Tibbits states the fourth dimension at work here comes from concept of the fourth dimension of time. The difference between these 3D and 4D creations is that these new forms have the ability to transform and adapt over time. 4D printing works through self-assembly -- a system where \"disordered elements form an \"ordered\" structure via an interaction. With these 4D printed materials, these disordered materials are strands or sheets of specially designed materials. Environmental changes then stimulate  a response from them so that they form a preprogrammed shape. The idea of having adaptable technology that only relies on energy and non-human interactions raises some interesting questions about where 4D printing can be used and the practical applications in dangerous environments. This could mean improved infrastructures in extreme conditions, leading to a reduced need for workers to put themselves at risk, but the potential goes even further than that. The technology promises exciting new possibilities for a variety of applications. A solar panel or similar product could be produced in a flat shape onto which functional devices can be easily installed. It could then be changed to a compact shape for packing and shipping. After arriving at its destination, the product could be stimulated to form a different shape that serves its function. Also it could be used to build furniture, bikes, cars and even buildings. As with many of the ideas being put forward, it is easy to go a step too far into the extreme, but this just shows the potential of 4D in comparison to 3D. The next stage for the research is to move from printing single strands to sheets and eventually whole structures. And water need not be the process ' s only energy source. \n Answer: 4D printed materials reshape themselves with conditions changing.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following displays the fourth dimension of 4D printing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-85a7406b42ff4f9d8d9ff97c4ea6f635",
            "input": "Article: Sitting at a desk in a classroom all day can be pretty boring. The teachers at Ward Elementary in Winston -Salem,North Carolina ,picked up on that and traded in their students' desks for exercise bikes as a part of their Read and Ride program! The Read and Ride program began five years ago.One classroom has enough bikes for every student in any given class,and throughout the day teachers bring in their students to the room to ride them and read their books. Even regular classrooms have one bike in the back of each room for students who just can't sit still to use to help them burn energy in a good way. Students love being more active! Teachers enjoy seeing students eager to read.Parents appreciate stronger,smarter children.Headmasters value this effective and cost-free program.\"Riding exercise bikes makes reading fun for many kids who get frustrated when they read.Thus,they have a way to release that frustration while they ride,\"said Scott Ertl,who started the program.\"As we can see,everyone wants to promote literacy and lose weight! But many students who are overweight struggle with sports and activities since they don't want to always be the last or lose with others watching on the playground.On exercise bikes,however,students are able to exert themselves at their own level--without anyone noticing when they slow down or take a break.\" As it turns out,not only are the bikes helping the students burn calories,they're also helping them learn better and stay focused.At the end of the school year the school analyzed testing data and found that students that spent more time reading and riding did more than twice as well on reading tests than their fellow students who spent the least time in the program. \n Answer: To help the overweight students keep fit.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the teachers start the Read and Ride program?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18dc101d022243b09bc5280116da73e5",
            "input": "Article: My day started just like all the other days for the past 15 years where I get up, make some coffee, shower, get dressed and leave for the train station at exactly 7:35 A.M. to arrive at work by 8:30. While on the train I would always choose a seat away from the crowd so I can read the newspaper in peace and quiet. At work I am always being flooded with questions from coworkers, suppliers, telephone and then those dread meetings, so the last thing I need is some stranger to sit beside me and make small talk.                I don't know why but for some reason when I got on the train today it was unusually full, something I don't recall ever happening in the past. With hesitation I sat down in the only seat available beside a middle-aged man that had his head down and seemed to be lost in his thoughts. I was glad that he didn't notice when I sat next to him as he just continued to look down towards the floor.                 Shortly after the train left for my 30-minute ride downtown I found myself wondering what this man was thinking about. What could be so important that he didn't even see me sit next to him? I tried to forget about it and started to read my paper. However, for some strange reason this \"inner voice\" kept urging me to talk to this man. I tried to ignore the \"voice\" as there was no way I was starting a conversation with a complete stranger. www.ks5u.com                 As you probably guessed I eventually broke down and came up with an excuse to ask him a question. When he raised his head and turned his eyes towards me I could see that he must have been really upset as he had red eyes and still had some tears rolling down the side of his face despite his weak attempt to wipe them away. I can't describe the sadness I felt seeing someone in so much pain.                 We talked for about 20 minutes and in the end he seemed to be doing better. As we were leaving the train he thanked me again and again for being an angel by taking the time to talk. I never did find out what was making his heart so heavy with pain but was glad I listened to the \"voice\" that day.                 Several weeks had passed when I noticed an envelope on my desk after returning from lunch. It was not addressed to anyone and only had the word \"Angel\" written on it. My receptionist attached a note saying a gentleman dropped it off saying he did not know my name but had described me well enough that the receptionist knew it was for me.                 When I read the note inside the envelope I was so filled with emotions that I couldn't contain myself. It was a letter from the man I met on the train thanking me again for talking to him and saving his life that day. Apparently he had some very hurtful personal problems that were so challenging that he was planning to take his life that day. In his letter he went on to explain that he was a religious person and in desperation screamed out to God that if God really cared about him he would send someone to prevent him from taking his life. In his eyes I was that someone, that Angel sent by God.                  Not being a religious person myself I don't know what that \"voice\" was that made me take a chance and talk to a stranger but I do know that it made a difference in someone's life that day. So the next time you feel desired for no apparent reason to talk to a friend,  , neighbor or even a complete stranger please remember my story, you just may make a difference in someone's life when you listen to your inner voice. \n Answer: The writer preferred a peaceful trip circumstance.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the writer say \"I was glad that he didn't notice when I sat next to him as he just continued to look down towards the floor.\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ae31f8daa924752b6f9f0907d2372cd",
            "input": "Article: I grew up in Lakeland, Louisiana, one of 7 children. We all lived on my parents' farm. At 12, I got a part-time job--milking cows to help support the family. I milked cows at five in the morning and again at two in the afternoon, seven days a week. In the kitchen one Saturday before daytime, I remember complaining  to my father and grandfather about having to go milk those cows. My father said, \"You know, boy, to work is a blessing .\" Going to college was rare for a kid from Lakeland, Louisiana. \"Pick something that you like doing to study, and you will always look forward to your work,\" my father told me. But he also added, \"Even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all.\" I wanted to be a farmer, but I joined the ROTC program to help pay for college. And what started out as an obligation to the army became a way of life that I was devoted to for 37 years. In the late 1980s, during a visit to Bangladesh, I saw a woman with a baby on her back, breaking bricks with a hammer. I asked a Bangladesh military officer why they weren't using a machine. He told me a machine would make that lady unemployed . Breaking those bricks meant she could earn enough money to feed herself and her baby that day. He told me bad as that woman's job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive, which reminded me of my father's words. I'm retired from the army, but I'm still working to help people be prepared for disaster. I'm not going to stop. I believe in my father's words. I believe in the blessing of work. \n Answer: He hated having to work so hard.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the writer's first part-time job?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-965961f0b0db4fa1acc5f881b314adcd",
            "input": "Article: In 1883. John Roebling was inspired by an idea to build a spectacular bridge connecting New York with the Long Island. However, bridge building experts throughout the world thought this was an impossible feat and told Roebling to forget the idea, but Roebling could not ignore the vision he had in his mind of this bridge. After much discussion and persuasion he managed to convince his son Washington, an up and coming engineer, that the bridge in fact could be built. The project started well, but when it was only a few months underway a tragic accident on the site took the life of John Roebling. Washington was injured and left with a certain amount of brain damage, which resulted in him not being able to walk or talk or even move. \"We told them so.\" \"Crazy men and their crazy dreams.'' \"It's foolish to chase wild visions.\" Evcryone had a negative comment to make and felt that the project should be scrapped since the Roeblings were the only ones who knew how the bridge could be built. In spite of his handicap, Washington was never discouraged. One day he was lying on his bed in hospital, seeing the sky and the tops of the trees outside for just a moment with the sunlight streaming through the windows, and a gentle breeze bowing the  flimsy white curtains apart when an idea hit him. He decided to make the best use of the only finger  he could move. Thus, he slowly developed a code of communication with his wife. He touched his wife's arm with that finger, indicating to her that he wanted her to call the engineers again. Then he used the same method of tapping her arm to tell the engineers what to do. It seemed foolish but the project was under way again. For 13 years Washington tapped out his instructions with his finger on his wife's arm until the bridge was finally completed. \n Answer: They are curious and modest.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true of Washington and his father?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-296d38c0ecb746a9bafa16d774abdd41",
            "input": "Article: Most friendships die a nature death: people move, change jobs, or start different stages of life. Other friendships, however, end unexpectedly.  When a friendship is over and you don't understand why, it can be especially painful. Sometimes a friend ends your relationship without telling you why. The loss of friendship might be worth _ . Knowing when a friendship is over and why it ends may help you build stronger friendships in the future. *See if you can find a problem. When a friendship is over, examine your relationship. Perhaps you remember your friend complaining that you're always late. Maybe you seldom return your friend's phone calls. When a friend ends your relationship, try to find out the reasons why the friendship is over. * Writer a letter to your friend . Express you feelings about the friendship. Do you miss seeing them? Do you have any regrets? Would you act differently if you were still friends? Make it an honest communication. * Express you feeling of being hurt or anger. Write or talk about how you feel in a letter. When a friendship is over, it's important to communicate exactly how hurt you feel, and why. Write until you have nothing left to say. When a friend ends your relationship, you do have the right to express yourself. * Communicate that you are open to pick up the friendship . When a friendship is over and you want to reconnect some day, send Christmas, or birthday cards. Say hi and send greetings through mutual  friends. When a friendship is over, don't give up until you're ready. * Decide to make your present friendships better. An adviser once told me that simply talking about your relationship strengthens your relationship. Talk to your present friends. Are they happy with your friendship? If a friend ends your relationship, learn something from it. \n Answer: Perhaps your friendship is over because of your problem.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know from \"See if you can find a problem.\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-663f68fe734b4cc0ad2bc44b0c998450",
            "input": "Article: The revolution was over by the time Tom Ford started working in the fashion world. The expensive fashion design houses such as Channel, Yves Saint Laurent, and Christian Dior, which earned money by designing and making very expensive custom clothes, had lost many of their wealthy customers. To stay in business, they started selling more reasonably priced ready-to-wear clothing along with a wide range of accessories , that is, related products such as shoes, bags, watches. All of these products needed to blend  with the clothing and with each other so that they made up a brand that everyone would recognize and wanted to buy. Though they did not use that name, each company needed a \"master designer.\" Born in Texas and growing up in Santa Fe, New Mexico, Ford had a diverse background in the arts. Soon after completing high school, he moved to New York, where he studied art history, trained as an actor, and worked as a model. Following that, Ford completed a program in indoor design, but later decided that he was more interested in designing clothes than in decorating house. He was hired by the firm Cathy Hardwick in 1986, where he began to work as a fashion designer. His talent stood out from the rest and soon he moved to Perry Ellis, where he became design director. Then in 1990 he made an important move by taking a position with the New York branch of Gucci, the famous design house based in Milan, Italy. During his first years at Gucci, the company was going through a very difficult period. Its products were once considered highly desirable, and were worn by famous women such as Grace Kelly, Audrey Hepburn, and Jacqueline Kennedy. However, by the early 1990s they had lost their reputation for quality. Other producers had started making cheap, widely available imitations of the brand, and the sales of Gucci's own products had dropped. Things were so bad at one point that Ford was almost fired. However, some people at the company believed in his talent, and in 1994 they hired him to work in Milan as the creative director for the entire company. In this position Ford had artistic control over all of the company's products, as well as its advertising and the design of its stores. Under Ford's direction, Gucci's reputation for cutting-edge style soon returned, and the company began to recover. The style shows starting in 1994 were wildly successful. People loved the low-cut velvet pants, unbuttoned silk shirts, and shiny boots in metallic color1s. By 1999 Gucci, which had almost gone out of business, was worth over $4 billion. When Gucci bought Yves Saint Laurent , Ford became creative director for that fashion house while continuing to design for Gucci. When asked how he would be able to keep the two styles apart, Ford said it wasn't a problem and offered a comparison. Yves Saint Laurent was like Catherine Deneuve, he said while Gucci was more like Sophia Loren. Both are sexy and beautiful women, but with very different styles.  Ford left Gucci and Yves Saint Laurent in 2004 to form his own company called simply \"Tom Ford\". Not long after, he was working together with cosmetics producer Estee Lauder to bring out new beauty products, and then developed and sold a perfume  under his own name. His plans for the future? Ford says that someday he'd definitely like to make a film. He puts it his way: \"That is the main design project. You don't just get to design what people wear, but you design the whole world and whether characters get to live or die. There is what fashion lacks. \n Answer: To show why Tom Ford is the world's greatest fashion designer.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author most likely write this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-62557bd155f44f3ca7db5e0c4359286f",
            "input": "Article: Kids love the all-knowing Google. Your kids likely use Google to help them find everything from information for homework assignments, to funny cat videos, and everything in between. Sometimes kids can take a \"wrong turn\" on Google and end up in a dark part of the Internet where they shouldn't be. Thankfully, Google has some parental control features that parents can implement to at least help reduce the volume  of crap  that ends up in search results,which can enable you to help keep your curious kids from ending up on the wrong side of the tracks. What is Google SafeSearch? Google SafeSearch is one of the primary parental control options offered by Google to help parents police search results. SafeSearch helps to filter explicit content out of search results. It is mainly designed to target sexually explicit material (images and videos) and not violent content. How to Enable Google SafeSearch?1. From the \"Search Settings\" preferences page, place a check in the box with the label \"Filter explicit results\". 2. To lock this setting so that your child can't change it, click the \"Lock SafeSearch\" link. If you are not already logged into your Google account, you will need to do so in order to lock SafeSearch to the \"on\" position. Enable SafeSearch on Mobile Devices. In addition to your computer, you will probably also want to enable SafeSearch on any mobile device that your child uses regularly. For instructions on how to enable SafeSearch on a variety of mobile devices, check out Google's SafeSearch Mobile support page.  As we all know, kids are going to be kids and try to test their boundaries. We put up one roadblock and they go around it. It's a constant cat and mouse game and there will always be some internet door that we as parents forget to lock, and that will be the one that the kids get through, but we do the best we can. \n Answer: To find everything except information and funny cat videos.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following are kids NOT likely to use Google to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d844682a490e4303b00843ef5f445b0a",
            "input": "Article: In order to save money for a trip to Thailand to visit her family and friends, Emma White, a keeper in California, worked overtime. She saved more than 900 dollars and was planning to buy a ticket, but she lost her purse with all her money and credit cards . Emma looked through the garbage  and all the buildings where she worked but came up empty-handed. She went home heartbroken. She believed that she had lost her money forever. While Emma was at home, sad and depressed, a homeless man was searching through the garbage looking for things to sell. As he was looking through a garbage bag, he found something wrapped in a plastic bag. The homeless man, who did not want to be recognized, took the purse to Sherry Wesley, because Sherry Wesley knew him from her volunteer work at a homeless shelter. The homeless man came to Sherry Wesley with the wad of money and said, \"This probably belongs to someone that you work with; can you find the owner?\" Sherry Wesley works in one of the buildings that Emma cleans and she knew Emma had lost her purse. Emma was amazed when she heard the good news. \"I couldn't believe it when they called me,\" she said. \"He has a very big heart. If someone else had found the purse, the money would be gone.\" As a reward, Emma gave the man 100 dollars. The homeless man gave half of the money to Sherry Wesley and asked her to donate it to charity  for him. \n Answer: To save money to visit her family and friend.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Emma work overtime?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-10b72896d6424d24a6e37e18027c2808",
            "input": "Article: For twenty years, I saved all my college course notes and textbooks: that's a lot of paper. Worse, it's not easy to carry them around -- and trust me, they aren't light -- on at least seven moves. Yet I never once looked at them. They sat in our basement, covered in a thick layer of dust. If books and papers could wonder, they'd wonder why they were still under our stairs after all those years. When would the Big Day come? Well, the Big Day eventually did arrive; only it was different than expected. My wife, always more accepting changes than I am, finally talked me into clearing out the entire mess. The pain I experienced was also unexpected. What hurt me was to come across those terrible papers I'd written, which reminded me of my poor study habits, and an embarrassing lack of comprehension. It was great to get rid of them. But it was also a clearing of personal history. At first, I struggled with this. The truth was in the record that my books, my notes, and my papers were primary source materials, documenting an important time in my life. To clear them out was to clear out the truth. What I've learned since taking this leap is that the process is more important than the truth. I feel as if much of my real education during my college years isn't in the documents but now in me. So I am glad to free myself of this physical burden. And what's better is that I don't need to look back to those painful moments. They belong to the past. You might want to consider doing something similar, either under the stairs of your basement or in your mind. What is the personal rubbish piling in your life? Clear _ out and make your life awesome. \n Answer: Because his wife persuaded him to.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the author finally determined to desert all the college materials?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b51d1156661b44f6a0535155eabdbad0",
            "input": "Article: There are plenty of beauty schools throughout the country that can help you to start a career in cosmetology . Nowadays, young people may not be able to afford a four-year college. Students can look forward to attending a beauty school program which will only take a few months to complete and start their career right away to earn money. There can be many benefits of going to beauty school. The expense is much less than attending a four-year university. Besides, attending beauty school is mostly a hands-on  experience which appeals to many people. Some students don't like sitting all day listening to lectures and then having to study at night. What's more, most beauty school programs keep up with the changing trends and fashion. So you will always be working on different hair types which can be fun and will give you a lot of experience throughout the years of your career. If you are worried about finding a job after graduation, many beauty schools will offer assistance for immediate job placement and give you peace of mind that you will not be _ looking for a job. Most colleges and universities are not equipped to do that because of the large number of graduates each year. Cosmetologists will also make a good salary. The average salary will depend on your location, but you may earn a salary around $3,000 -- $3,500 a month. This is not including tips which could be $600 or more a month. Not only can young people go to cosmetology school, but people of all ages can start this career. As you can see, there are many benefits of beauty schools that can be the perfect opportunity for anyone to become a great cosmetologist. \n Answer: A cosmetologist gets paid at least $3,600 a month.",
            "output": [
                "What can be learnt from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6ec423b47ce04031927fe66f13f6068b",
            "input": "Article: Ms Tan,you've referred to your new novel as your eighth book. That's because it took me six or seven attempts at a second novel before I started and completed this one. *Why do you think you had so many false starts? I would say that my reasons were wrong:I was trying to prove that I wasn't just a mother-daughter storyteller,or I was trying to prove that I didn't just have to write about things that were strictly Chinese or Chinese-American.Those were never the right reasons for writing those early stories.And I could never come up with other,better reasons for continuing them. *What kept you going on this book? This book was different because it was based on my mother's real life.The reason for writing it became more personal and emotional.After The Joy Luck Club came out,my mother was always explaining to people that she wasn't any of the mothers in that book.And at one point she said to me,\"Next book tells my true story.\"And then she started telling me things I never knew before.She also told me many,many stories,because my mother doesn't generalize.The book really grew out of that. *Have you ever visited China? Yes.I've been there twice:about three years ago and then again last November,both times with my mother and my husband. *Was it difficult to capture the Chinese-American dialect without sounding like a parody ? No,because it's the language I've heard all my life from my mother.She speaks English as it's direct translation from Chinese.But it's more than that:Her language also has more imagery than English. *Can you think of an example? Somebody might say to me,\"Don't work so hard.You'll kill yourself.\"My mother will say to me,\"Why do you press all your brains out on this page for someone else?\"So it's very vivid.That's the way she talks. *Have many readers told you that the Chinese mother in your book reminded them of the typical Jewish mother? Many people have told me that.I think the mother-daughter relationship is very intense in both cases.Culturally there is an acceptance that mothers have the power to tell their children,especially their daughters,how to conduct their lives--not simply up until the time they are 18,but for the rest of their lives.However,when children grow up in a different culture from their parents',they tend to keep more secrets from their parents.The children think,\"They just wouldn't understand that I had to do this.\"And that can really create a gap,and it can grow as the number of secrets grows. \n Answer: A storywriter.",
            "output": [
                "Based on the questions in this interview,what do you think Ms Tan's profession is?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c50e4bb8ba154173a81e35408b688db6",
            "input": "Article: Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy. It can also be full of challenges, setbacks and heartbreaks. Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires--that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones. Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem, because when we go to change the way we do things, up come the old patterns and pitfalls that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place. This tension between what we feel we can have and what we are seemingly able to have is niggling  suffering, the anxiety we feel. This is where we usually think it is easier to just give up. But we are never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more. The intelligence behind that knowing is us--the real us. It's the part that believes in life and its possibilities. If you drop that, you begin to feel a little \"dead\" inside because you are dropping \"you\". So, if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck, how do we break these patterns? Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time. This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through today's challenges. While, deep down, we know we can do it, our mind--or the minds of those close to us--usually say we can't. That isn't a reason to stop, it's just the mind, that little man or woman on your shoulder, trying to talk you out of something again. It has done it many times before. It's all about starting simple and doing it now. Decide and act before overthinking. When you do this you may feel a little, or large, _ and you will be on your way. \n Answer: It's easier than we think to get what we want.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author intend to tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-191a84cb5b6b40918ccc23a7ae0e7cf2",
            "input": "Article: Retold by Laura E.Richards All day long the little boy had worked hard, in the field and barn and shed, for his parents were poor farmers, and could not pay a workman.But at sunset there came an hour that was all his own, for his father had given it to him.Then the boy would go up to the top of a hill and look across at another hill that rose some miles away.On that far hill stood a house with windows of clear gold and diamonds.They shone so brightly that it made the boy squint at them,  but after a while the people in the house put up shutters, as it seemed, and then it looked like any common farmhouse.The boy supposed they did this because it was suppertime; and then he would go into the house and have his supper of bread and milk, and go to bed. One day the boy's father called him and said: \"You have been a good boy, and have earned a holiday.Take this day for your own, and try to learn some good things.\" The boy thanked his father and kissed his mother.Then he put a piece of bread in his pocket, and started off to find the house with the golden windows. It was a pleasant walk.His bare feet made marks in the white dust, and when he looked back, the footprints seemed to be following him, and keeping him company.His shadow, too, kept beside him, and would dance or run with him as he pleased; so it was very cheerful.By and by he felt hungry, and he sat down by a brown stream that ran through the alder hedge by the roadside, ate his bread, and drank the clear water.Then he scattered the small pieces of bread for the birds as his mother had taught him to do, and went on his way. After a long time he came to a high green hill, and when he had climbed the hill, there was the house on the top.But it seemed that the shutters were up, for he could not see the golden windows.He came up to the house, and then he could well have wept, for the windows were of clear glass, like any others, and there was no gold anywhere about them. A woman came to the door, looked kindly at the boy, and asked him what he wanted. \"I saw the golden windows from our hilltop,\" he said, \"and I came to see them, but now they are only of clear glass.\" The woman shook her head and laughed. \"We are poor farmers,\" she said, \"and are not likely to have gold about our windows.But glass is better to see through.\" She let the boy sit down on the broad stone step at the door, and brought him a cup of milk and a cake, and asked him to take a break.Then she called her daughter, a child of his own age, nodded kindly at the two, and went back to her work. The little girl was barefooted like him, and wore a brown cotton dress, but her hair was golden like the windows he had seen, and her eyes were blue like the sky at noon.She showed the boy about the farm, and showed him her black calf with a white star on its forehead, and he told her about his own at home, which was red like a chestnut with four white feet.They became friends after they ate an apple together.However, when the boy asked her about the golden windows, the little girl nodded, and said she knew all about them; only he had mistaken the house. \"You have come quite the wrong way!\" she said.\"Come with me, and I will show you the house with the golden windows, and then you will see for yourself.\" They went to a knoll that rose behind the farmhouse, and the little girl told him that the golden windows could only be seen at a certain hour, about sunset. \"Yes, I know that!\" said the boy. When they reached the top of the knoll, the girl turned and pointed;there on a hill far away stood a house with windows of clear gold and diamond, just as he had seen them.And when they looked again, the boy saw that it was his own home. Then he told the little girl that he must go.He gave her his best pebble , the white one with the red band, that he had carried for a year in his pocket, and she gave him three horse-chestnuts, one red like satin, one spotted, and one white like milk.He promised to come again, but he did not tell her what he had learned.He went back down the hill, and the little girl stood in the sunset light and watched him away. The way home was long, and it was dark before the boy reached his house, but the lamplight and firelight shone through the windows, making them almost as bright as he had seen them from the hilltop.When he opened the door, his mother came to kiss him, and his little sister ran to throw her arms about his neck, and his father looked up and smiled from his seat by the fire. \"Have you had a good day?\" asked his mother. Yes, the boy had had a very good day. \"And have you learned anything?\" asked his father. \"Yes!\" said the boy.\"I have learned that our house has windows of gold and diamond.\" \n Answer: Diligent and adventurous",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words can best describe the boy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2c38683e599341da9fc0ed540b26d6da",
            "input": "Article: I was reading a recent post on a bog I really like, and it got me thinking about my younger, more impressive high school self. So I decided to write a letter to my younger self.     Dear Kate-of-senior-year-in-high-school     I'm writing this letter from the future. Hey, stop laughing! A lot has happened. Some of it was sad, but most of it has been lovely. What I really want to talk about is where you're going. You've gotten a lot of advice from adults this past year. And I'd like to help you sort it all out.     Enjoy these last few months before graduation, because high school is the best time of your life.     Enjoy them, for sure. But that thing about high school being the best part? When I look back, I can't find a better memory than my high school days.     Stop being so idealistic; you can't change the world.     Okay...it's true that you're not going to change it all at once, so sweep away what you're imagining. But you can do your part, and you will do it best in a thousand little ways through the years. They add up, so keep believing, even when it doesn't work out right away.     Words are powerful.     This was from your English teacher Mr. Smythe, who said a lot of true things, as it turns out. All that stuff about the power of language and the potential for literature to bring people together, helping us understand ourselves and the world around us, so we can make a difference? All true.     You should keep writing. You're good at it. You are. You won't always think so. As a matter of fact, there will be a lot of days when you decide you are perhaps the world's worst writer and deserve to have your laptop thrown down from a mountain. But that's part of being a writer, and you'll get over it. You'll go a long time only writing term papers and other things for school, and then only news stories for a few years. But one day, you'll come back home to poetry and fiction. You will keep writing, because you're good at it But more than that, because it makes you whole! Yes...keep writing. It will be a wonderful experience.                                                    Yours,                                                     Kate \n Answer: She regards her time in high school as the most painful part of her life.",
            "output": [
                "What does Kate think of her high school years now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2dfa011aec7d4d76a493b76247813983",
            "input": "Article: A man enters a store to buy milk. He walks out of the store with milk. That is all-milk. At the same time, a woman enters the same grocery store also to buy milk. She buys it. But she also buys chicken and lemons to make dinner that night. Then she remembers to buy food for her son to eat at school. She also gets a bottle of wine for drinks with friends and a birthday card for her husband's niece. Then she gets coffee for breakfast, ice cream for dessert and remembers stamps to mail the bills. And don't forget soap for the bathroom. And that is the difference between the female and male brains simply explained in a grocery store. Generally speaking, men do one thing at a time. Women do many. Now scientific research supports this theory about male and female brains. A recent study has confirmed what we have known all along--men and women think differently. Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania studied brain images of 949 people aged from eight to 22 years old. They found that male brains have more connections on one side of the brain, or hemisphere. In the female brains, they found more activity and connections between the right and left sides of the brain. The left side of the brain is known as the side of \"reason.\" The right hemisphere is known as the \"creative\" side. Regina Verma is a professor at the University of Pennsylvania. She co-wrote the report. She says when women are asked to do something difficult they might use different parts of the brain. Men, she adds, generally use just one side of the brain. As a result, men generally deal directly with a problem. There is a strong connection between the \"understanding\" and the \"action\" parts of their brains. Women, however, might include other parts of the brain when solving a problem. Women take a less direct path to find a solution. \n Answer: Reacting at different speed to problems.",
            "output": [
                "What causes the difference between men's and women's behavior?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ecf23d845667425cb530df23ad9170c1",
            "input": "Article: The other morning on the subway I sat next to an attractive young blonde woman who was reading something on her iPad. She was very well-dressed, carrying a Prada bag with tastefully applied make-up indeed, she had an unmistakable air of wealth, material success and even authority. I suspected she worked as a highly-paid Wall Street lawyer or stockbroker or something of that sort. So, I was curious to see what she was so focused on. The Wall Street Journal perhaps? The Economist? Quite the contrary; rather, she was concentrating on a romance novel. Then I realized that I have known many women who love romance novels--smart, attractive, successful, \"liberated,\" modem females who nonetheless find some kind of deep satisfaction and thrill from those hyper-romantic, artificial and extremely unrealistic tales of handsome, manly heroes falling in love with virginal women, enduring a series of adventures, then no doubt having a happy ending.  _ . Yet, the genre  remains enormously popular. Consider some of these surprising statistics from the good folks at the Romance Writers of America (RWA): *More than 9,000 romance titles were released last year, with sales of about $1.44 billion (more than triple the revenues generated by classic literary fiction). *More than 90 percent of the market are women (okay, that's not at all surprising). * Readers are typically women between the ages 30 and 54 who are themselves involved in a romantic relationship (betraying the stereotype that only lonely women long for these tales of love and adventure). *Almost 40 percent of romance book consumers have an annual income of between $50,000 and $99,900 (placing them firmly in the middle class). I had thought that romance novels accounted for a very small share of the literary market, so I was quite surprised that this part has such enormous popularity. But I must wonder why so many women--forty years after the women's liberation movement continue to indulge in the fanciful tales? I'm not sure if it represents a kind of \"rejection\" of the women's liberation movement, but clearly something is missing in the lives of contemporary ladies. A romance author named Donna Hatch who focuses on the Regency period (early 19th century Britain) explained the appeal of such books this way: \"Regency men were civilized and treated women with courtesy. When a lady entered the room, gentlemen stood, doffed their hats, offered an arm, bowed, and a hundred other little things I wish men still did today. But they were also very athletic; they hunted, raced, boxed, rode horses. They were manly. Strong. Noble. Honorable. And that is why I love them!\" Mrs. Hatch may have expressed the secret desires and attitudes of untold millions of her peers---that is, in the early 21st century, have women grown tired of the burdens and expectations that the \"freedoms\" they have gained give them? Is this a rejection of modem feminism? Do women long for days of old when men were masculine gentlemen and women were feminine and protected as precious treasures and regarded as possessions? Perhaps most women (even the ones who get lost in romance novels) do not want to go all the way back but it is obvious, _ . \n Answer: Care.",
            "output": [
                "In the author's opinion, what is missing in the lives of contemporary women?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a20686a846f141ddadefd94cfed82266",
            "input": "Article: During the next several weeks I went completely to the wolves. I took a tiny tent and set it up on the shore of bay. The big telescope was set up in the mouth of the tent in such a way that I could observe the wolves by day or night. Quite by accident I had pitched (set up) my tent within ten yards of one of the major paths used by the wolves. Shortly after I had taken up residence one of the wolves came back and discovered me and my tent, but he did not stop or hesitate in his pace. Later, one or more wolves used the track past my tent and never did they show the slightest interest in me. I felt uncomfortable at being so totally ignored. The next day I noticed a male wolf make boundary markers by passing water on the rounds of his family lands. Once I had become aware of the strong feeling of property rights which existed among the wolves, I decided to use this knowledge to make them at least recognize my existence. One evening, after they had gone off for their regular nightly hunt I staked out   a property of my own, including a long section of the wolves' path. In order to ensure that my claim would not be overlooked, I made a property mark on stones, dumps of moss, and patches of vegetation with a lot of tea. Before the hunters came back, task was done, and I retired, somewhat exhausted, to observe results. A few minutes later, the leading male appeared. As usual he did not bother to glance at the tent, but when he reached the point where my property line intersected (cut across) the trail  , he stopped as suddenly as if he had run into an invisible wall. Cautiously, he extended his nose and sniffed at one of my marked bushes. After a minute of hesitation he backed away a few yards and sat down. Then, he looked directly at the tent and at me. His glare seemed to become more fierce as I attempted to stare him down. The situation was becoming intolerable. To break the impasse   I turned my back on the wolf. Then quickly and with an air of decision, he turned his attention away from me and began a systematic tour of the area I had staked out as my own. As he came to each boundary marker he sniffed it once or twice, then carefully placed his mark on the outside of mine. \n Answer: Because his tent was out of the wolves' estate boundaries.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the wolves manage to ignore the author's presence?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-434677f1d98b4860ae10653ca4af33b4",
            "input": "Article: London is one of the most expensive cities in the world to stay in, but there are many budget hotels that offer accommodation  at a reasonable cost. Please take careful note of the facilities   described for each budget hotel; the very cheapest accommodation may offer good budget deals but a minimum  of facilities. The higher the price per room, the greater the number and quality of facilities you can expect. Arriva Hotel This 2-star Arriva Hotel lies at the heart of the city centre--just a short walk from King's Cross Tube station London's famous attractions are all easily accessible by foot or public transport. A short stroll  will bring you to the British Museum and the fashionable area of Bloomsbury. With 75 en-suite rooms  available, the Arriva Hotel is a large budget hotel that offers accommodation for tourists at a very reasonable price. Also, Wi-Fi Internet  connection is available in most rooms and a Continental  breakfast is included in the rates. From: $ 50.00 Accommodation Rating:  Beaconsfield Hotel The Beaconsfield Hotel is situated on Green Lanes, North London, famous for its Turkish community. The Beaconsfield Hotel is housed in an attractive Victorian building, which is also home to a traditional pub(, )--if you want to experience real British culture, an afternoon in the pub is the place to do it! Manor House Station is just a short walk to Beaconsfield Hotel, so you will find traveling around the city quick and easy. The Beaconsfield Hotel offers ten comfortable rooms, each with a television, fridge and kettle. There is a shared kitchen where you can prepare your meals. Bathroom facilities at Beaconsfield Hotel are also shared, but there are enough facilities for all guests to use. From: $ 30.00 Accommodation Rating: unrated \n Answer: To tell us two budget hotels.",
            "output": [
                "What might be the purpose of writing the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6fa7e18c67324e4493bd8428e4770870",
            "input": "Article: In the course of working my ways through school , I took many jobs I would rather forget . But none of these jobs was as dreadful  as my job in an apple plant. The work was hard ; the pay was poor ; and, most of all , the working conditions were terrible.  First of all , the job made huge demands on my strength . For ten hours a night , I took boxes that rolled down a metal track and piled them onto a truck . Each box contained twelve heavy bottles of apple juice. I once figured out that I was lifting an average of twelve tons of apple juice every night . I would not have minded the difficulty of the work so much if the pay had not been so poor. I was paid the lowest wage of that time -- two dollars an hour. Because of the low pay , I felt eager to get as much as possible . I usually worked twelve hours a night but did not take home more than $ 100 a week. But even more than the low pay, what made me unhappy was the working conditions. During work I was limited to two ten-minute breaks and an unpaid half hour for lunch. Most of my time was spent outside loading trucks with those heavy boxes in near-zero-degree temperatures. The steel floors of the trucks were like ice, which made my feet feel like stone. And after the production line shut down at night and most people left, I had to spend two hours alone cleaning the floor. I stayed on the job for five months , all the while hating the difficulty of the work, the poor money , and the conditions under which I worked . By the time I left , I was determined never to go back there again. \n Answer: To pay for his schooling",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer have to take many jobs at that time ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b1aade854704865bfdda3e402e32036",
            "input": "Article: Going green seems to be a fad for a lot of people these days.Whether that is good or bad,we can't really say,but for the two of us,going green is not a fad but a lifestyle. On April 22,2011,we decided to go green every single day for an entire year.This meant doing 365 different green things,and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things.Rather than recycle and reduce our energy,we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task. With the idea of going green every single day for a year,Our Green Year started.My wife and I decided to educate  people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment.We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps. Over the course of Our Green Year,we completely changed our lifestyles.We now shop at organic  stores.We consume  less meat,choosing green food.We have greatly reduced our buying we don't need.We have given away half of what we owned through websites.Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice,with no chemical cleaners.We make our own butter,enjoying the smell of homemade fresh bread.In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished. Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others.We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.                       (2013*,B) \n Answer: Going Green",
            "output": [
                "What might be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-55ef45c0abc3449791a1bfb9fca2d7ed",
            "input": "Article: \"At least you'll be close to home!\"That phrase dominated the weeks before my move to my college.I took comfort in knowing that home was close by if I needed it The night before the move,I spoke with a sophomore friend of mine who was moving back the next morning.I asked if he was sad to be leaving home and his response sparked in me an internal debate.\"It was nice to be back but honestly. I've come to think of the college as my home.\"Up until that moment,the move to college seemed like an extended version of summer camp.School wasn't a home;it was a place for me to explore when I was away from home right? As I packed my things,I really started thinking about the concept of home,and I couldn't help but wonder would I ever consider college my own home? The next day,once my bags were unpacked and my parents were gone,I took a moment to look around my dorm.It was absolutely nothing like my room...no _ ,no blue curtains and no queen--sized bed.Despite the fun I was having and things I was learning in the following Welcome Week,I couldn't bring myself to call it home.I longed for my _ .I even wanted my mom's calls.\"There's no place like home.\"I murmured. Last night,I went to visit my friends and we spent the next hour talking about that missing feeling we all shared-our families,our friends,our old lives--and soon the sadness turned to fondness.One by one our friends came in to say goodnight and the room was filled with girls,all laughing and sharing our high school experiences.It wasn't until about l:00 a.m.that I turned to my roommate,unconsciously saying,\"It's getting late...we should probably go home soon.\"I was taken aback by my own words.Somehow in the few hours,my dorm room had turned into a home. \n Answer: She was surprised by his response.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author react to her sophomore friend's response at first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cf8bfc5277f84b29a3bacaa7f330d588",
            "input": "Article: Your stay in Britain should be a memorable and happy time. To achieve this, you  need to prepare yourself well for the trip. Not only will you use English, but you will also need to get used to customs, attitudes and food that are different from what you know.    Your stay will be more enjoyable if you join in with your host family, which is the family you will stay with. Use every opportunity to talk with your hosts. Do not just sit alone in your bedroom. If you plan to go out, you should tell them when and where you are going and when you expect to get back. This is important because your hosts are responsible for you.    Find out what the \"house rules\" are. For example, who uses the bathroom first in the morning? When can you do your washing? Can you use the iron for your clothes? What about doing the dishes after dinner? Most British teenagers are very tidy. They are expected to help in the home and look after their things. Do not expect your host mother to do everything for you.    The telephone can be a problem. At the start of your stay, ask your hosts if you may use their phone and of course, tell them you will pay for the calls to China. Make sure that you do not spend too long on their phone in the evenings.    The food in Britain will be a new experience for you. Everyday food in Britain is not the same as the Western-style food you can find in China. Even so, you should try to eat whatever you are given. However, if it is something you really do not like, just say so politely. Do not bring your own food into the house.    Whether you are at home or in a restaurant, do not spit out bones onto the table. Put them on the side of your plate. And remember--in Europe, people eat the main dish with a knife and fork. The spoon is used only for soup or dessert. \n Answer: A student magazine.",
            "output": [
                "In which magazine will you read this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e802bfb94c14a15b438f5c51d430d83",
            "input": "Article: One day newly wedded Nancy lost her ring while helping to plant potatoes. Friends were called and the field was searched long but _ . Later, when the potatoes were harvested, Everyone looked out for the ring but it remained lost. Another year came round and all the farmers working in the field kept their eyes open. The following year was the same. And year after year, whoever had business in the field always had Nancy's ring in his mind. Then the farm changed hands but it went no farther than to cousins. So the memory of the lost ring remained alive until thirty-eight years had passed. Then came a spring day when a man was ploughing the field behind a pair of horses. Even after thirty-eight years he still looked out for the ring, and knew just which part of the field Nancy had lost it in. At this time, when he came there, he found it .He picked it up, put it carefully into his pocket, left his horse, and ran all the way down to the village and placed it into Nancy's hand. \n Answer: She lost it while helping to plant potatoes in the field.",
            "output": [
                "How did Nancy come to lose her ring?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d53117910eb748df84e8889c41405fd4",
            "input": "Article: I will never forget the lesson about my window. Four years ago, I moved to a house in a large town. One of my new neighbors' house was only a few feet away from mine. There lived a woman. Through one of my windows, I could see her reading by her window every afternoon. Several months later, I found I couldn't see the woman clearly. I thought her window was too dirty. I said to myself, \"Why doesn't she clean her window? It looks terrible!\" One afternoon, I decided to clean my house including the window. I felt tired after three hours of hard work. So I sat down by the window for a rest. What a surprise! I could see the woman reading there clearly again! By that time, I realized that my own window was too dirty, not hers! I really felt _ for myself. I had been watching her through my dirty window in the past days! The experience is very important for me. So I try to clean the window of my heart before judging others. \n Answer: Four years.",
            "output": [
                "How long has the writer lived in the house according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7fa54333c5b7456c99b6e268d32cbc8a",
            "input": "Article: What should you think about when trying to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career. A girl who spells well and likes English may be good at office work. So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. On the other hand, you may not have any especially strong subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value. A knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs. Your school may have taught you skills, such as typing or technical drawing, which you can use in your work. You may be good at metalwork or cookery and look for a job where you can improve these skills. If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job. Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may _ when you handle tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is better to face any weakness than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic  about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work. \n Answer: Choosing a career according to one's strengths.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e08089a3555430bb5ff776577528199",
            "input": "Article: It is obvious that television brings us not only advantages but also disadvantages .    At first, television is both a convenient channel of amusement, and a  ly cheap one. If we have a TV set in the family, we are not necessary to go to the cinema or theatre to enjoy programme with expensive tickets. All that they have to do is press a button with a finger, and they can watch all the programmes they like, such as TV talk shows , movies, opera and so on. But some people think of it as a danger. When we watch TV, we don't need to do anything . We do not even have to leave our sofa because we have a remote control in our hand. We don't need to make any judgment or statement about it. We are totally passive and don't use our head to think hard about some matters.    As we all know, television keeps us informed about world events--including all the events in society, science and politics .We can get a good idea of the most remote countries and the strangest customs in their country. Of course the radio performs this service too, but the effect of the programme is not better than on the television. Everything we enjoy on the television is much more vivid and realistic. However, in turn there is a great danger. Usually we cannot resist the television screen, because it has a great harm for us. We have been so accustomed to enjoying the screen, so dependent on its pictures. But when our TV sets are out of order, we are surprised to find that we have much more time to do things. And at this time we actually begin to have a talk to each other again. It is really worth thinking.    Of course the arguments about the advantages and disadvantages of television are on the go.We can not simply say television itself is good or bad. The truth is that how we use it determines its true value to our society. \n Answer: The advantages and disadvantages of television.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-38efa33bb90e4f5fa823a6694664ab21",
            "input": "Article: The Apple iPhone's impact was widely evident   at the Consumer Electronics Show, as new touch-screen devices could be found everywhere. The consumer electronics industry came unbuttoned in Las Vegas this week. At the annual Consumer Electronics Show, companies from around the world many devices boasting (...) touch - sensitive technology, rather than traditional push-button controls. Motorola, Sony, and LG Electronics all showed off touch-screen phones this week. Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates praised and offered a touch-screen computer, the Surface, related to a flat panel TV for a tabletop. Even camera makers, such as Kodak,included touch-screen LCDs in their devices. Touch-screen tech has been in use for years,but the push to develop and weave it into consumer electronics gathered steam with the June introduction of Apple's iPhone. \"The touch-screen industry is really getting hot,\" says Jennifer Colegrove, a senior analyst at iSuppli. \"Since the iPhone came out, there are a lot of companies that did not have a relationship with touch screens before that decided, 'OK, I want to make a touch screen, too.'\" The touch-screen tech ecosystem now includes more than 100 companies specializing in everything from smudge-proof   screens to sensors   able to detect fingers before they even contact the screen. Sales of leading touch-screen technologies,such as those used in mobile phones and navigation   devices,are expected to rise to $ 4.4 billion in 2012, up from $ 2.4 billion in 2006,according to iSuppli estimates. \n Answer: The Apple iPhone was popular.",
            "output": [
                "What did the writer think about the Apple iPhone?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f159517a250f4502b17bb76256ae7751",
            "input": "Article: India was once part of the British Empire, but thanks to modern technology and a booming economy, it has turned the tables on its former colonial master. Indian tutors are helping to teach math to British children over high-speed Internet connections. Early results suggest the idea is improving exam results. But not everyone is happy at this \"outsourcing\" of tutoring. It's 3:30, and pupils at Raynham Primary School in London are gathering for their after-school maths lessons. Five time zones-- thousands of kilometers away--their math tutors are also arriving for class. High-speed Internet has made it possible for Indian tutors to teach British pupils in real time. Each pupil gets a dedicated one-to-one online tutor. The students work with activities on their computer screen and wear a headset and microphone to talk to their tutor. The class teacher, Altus Basson, says he has seen an improvement in results. \"There are some children who've really rocketed in their results. Children who struggleto focus in class focus a lot better on the laptops. The real advantage is that each child gets a focused activity and a single tutor,\" he said. Such individualized teaching is the core idea of Brightspark Education, the company that provides the online tutoring, says founder Tom Hooper. \"Children today feel very confident online; they feel very engaged; they feel very in control. And that's half the battle with education.Give them control, make them feel confident and enjoy their learning and you'll see them start to improve and embrace it,\" he said. Raynham Primary School is among the first in Europe to try online tutoring. At between $20 and $25 an hour, it's about half the cost of face-to-face coaching. But some people say an Internet connection is not enough of a connection for teaching and learning. Kevin Courtney is deputy General Secretary of Britain's National Union of Teachers. \"We think, there's a really important emotional connection between a teacher and a child whether it's a whole class or whether it's one-to-one. You need that immediacy of feedback and we're not convinced that that can happen across an Internet connection. In one of the wealthiest.countries in the world, we think that we can afford to have teachers with genuine emotional connection there with the children,\" he said. Brightspark Education says the online tutoring is used only as an addition to supplement regular teaching. The company says its service does not represent a threat to teachers' jobs in Britain. Parents say they're very satisfied with the results they've seen. And what about the children?Children: \"I love it!\"I love it!\"I hate maths!\" So math--or, as the British call it, maths--is still not everyone's favorite subject even with the latest technology to teach it. \n Answer: Tutors and students are in different places.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the online tutoring?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3211b59a824d4ed4b6649ae6de66aa5e",
            "input": "Article: Do we think only with the brain? Hardly. The brain is like a telephone exchange. It is the switchboard, but not the whole system. Its function is to receive incoming signals, make proper connections, and send the messages through to their destination. For efficient service, the body must function as a whole. But where is the \"mind\"? Is it in the brain or perhaps in the nervous system? After all, can we say that the mind is in any particular place? It is not a thing, like a leg, or even the brain. It is a function, an activity. Aristotle, twenty-three hundred years ago, observed that the mind was to the body what cutting was to the ax. When the ax is not in use, there is no cutting. So it is with the mind. \"Mind,\" said Charles H. Woolbert, \"is what the body is doing.\" If this activity is necessary for thinking, it is also necessary for carrying thought from one person to another. Observe how people go about the business of ordinary conversation. If you have never done this carefully, you have a surprise in store, for good conversationalists are almost constantly in motion. Their heads are continually nodding and shaking sometimes so vigorously that you wonder how their necks can stand the strain. Even the legs and feet are active. As for the hands and arms, they are seldom still for more than a few seconds at a time. These people, remember, are not making speeches. They are only common people trying to make others understand what they have in mind. They are not conscious of movement. Their speech is not studies. They are just human creatures in a human environment, trying to adapt themselves to a social situation. Yet they converse, not only with oral language, but with visible actions that involve practically every muscle in the body. In short, because people really think all over, a speaker must talk all over if he succeeds in making people think. \n Answer: Bodily Communication",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-499c05ea0656436ab955ed75a2cbac2b",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever run into a careless cell phone user on the street? Perhaps they were busy talking, testing or checking updates on WeChat without looking at what was going on around them. As the number of this new \"species\" of human has kept rising, they have been given a new name -- phubbers  . Recently, a cartoon created by students from China Central Academy of Fine Arts put this group of people under the spotlight. In the short film, phubbers with various social identities bury themselves in their phones. A doctor plays with his cell phone while letting his patient die, a pretty woman takes selfie in front of a car accident siteand a father loses his child without knowing about it while using his mobile phone. A chain of similar events eventually leads to the destruction of the world. Although the ending sounds overstated, the damage phubbing can bring is real. Your health is the first to bear the effect and result of it. \"Constantly bending your head to check your cell phone could damage your neck,\" Guangming Daily quoted doctors as saying. \"The neck is like a rope that breaks after long-term stretching.\" Also, staring at cell phones for long periods of time will damage your eyesight gradually, according to the report. But that's not all. Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family. At reunions with family or friends, many people tend to stick to their cell phones while others are chatting happily with each other and this creates a strange atmosphere, Qilu Evening News reported. It can also cost you your life. There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death, suffered accidents, and were robbed of their cell phones in broad daylight. \n Answer: To inform people of the bad effects of phubbing.",
            "output": [
                "For what purpose does the author give the example of a cartoon in Para. 2?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-52780022cdc9421194eab18751a6db43",
            "input": "Article: It's impolite to spit out the first bite of your dinner. But to a type of Australian snake, this rude behavior is a matter of life and death.        The snake, called a floodplain death adder , eats two types of frogs that are hard to stomach. The frogs produce chemicals to defend them from predators .         One of these species, the Dahl's frog, can kill a snake that tries to eat it. The other species, the marbled frog, is less dangerous but still tough to eat. When attacked, _ produces a glue like substance. Leaves and branches get caught up in this material, making a big sticky mess that gets in the way of anything trying to swallow it. A marbled frog can even get stuck on the head of an attacking snake.        Both frogs have good defense methods. But the floodplain death adder knows how to get around each of them.        Floodplain death adders quickly strike these frogs, using their poisonous teeth to inject poison. But then, instead of swallowing their dinner immediately, the snakes sit back and wait for their preys to become safe to eat. That's because both the Dahl's frog's protective toxin  and the marbled frog's glue break down over time. After a while, the frog toxin is no longer poisonous and the glue is no longer sticky.         The two substances break down at different rates, and floodplain death adders seem to know the difference, And adder waits for a different length of time depending on the species of frog it just struck.        The stickiness of the marbled frog glue decreased by as much as two-thirds after just 10 minutes. And that's just about how long an adder waits before eating a marbled frog.        On the other hand, the snakes wait for about 40 minutes before eating a Dahl's frog. That's enough time for the frog's toxin to break down into harmless substances.        But even a quick strike gives a taste of the Dahl frog's toxin. After striking such a frog, a floodplain death adder thrashes  around and lies on its back with its mouth open, It's like the snake has just had a mouthful of chili pepper.        By comparison, when given frogs that have no chemical defenses, floodplain death adders eat their prey immediately after striking. Snakes, despite the fact that they've got this tiny pea-size  brain are clearly capable of recognizing what kind of frog they've bitten. \n Answer: A dangerous meal",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-80a4a6d685a04ca8a0933d65a21d4bca",
            "input": "Article: Mary Somerville was born in 1780 in Burntisland, Scotland. Her contribution to mathematics was in both algebra   and differential and integral calculus  .     Mary was one of the world's first famous female mathematicians. She became interested in mathematics and decided to study it at the time when it was considered unacceptable for a woman to do so. She bought books on algebra and geometry and read them at night. In spite of disapproval from people around her, she firmly went on with her struggle to learn. She won a prize for her solution to an algebra problem. She went on to write several books on mathematics. Later in her life, she thought deeply about the years in which she had persevered   almost without hope and said, \"It taught me never to lose heart.\"  Mary's way of learning remains useful today. If she worked for a while on a problem without coming up with an idea, she stopped working and turned her attention to the piano, her needlework, or a walk outdoors. She then returned to the problem with a fresh mind and a solution turned up. If she could not understand a passage while reading, she would forget about it and read on; several pages later, the meaning of the puzzling passage would become clear to her. \n Answer: Because she found math interesting and wanted to study it.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Mary decide to study math?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2c54b368e88643a1b5cceef8cd0c51bb",
            "input": "Article: Hidden in our subconsciousness   is a perfect mental picture. We see ourselves on a long trip that goes across the continent. We are traveling by train. Out the windows, we think in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways, of children waving at a crossing, of cattle feeding on a distant hillside, of smoke pouring from a power plant, or row upon row of corn and wheat, of flat lands and valleys, of mountains and rolling hills, of city skylines and village halls. But uppermost in our minds is the final destination. On a certain day at a certain hour, we will pull into the station. Bands will be playing and flags waving. Once we get there, so many wonderful dreams will come true and the pieces of our lives will fit together like a completed jigsaw  puzzle. How restlessly we pace the aisles , condemning the minutes for loitering --waiting, waiting, waiting for the station. \"When we reach the station, that will be it!\" we cry. \"When I'm 38.\" \"When I buy a new 450SL Mercdes Benz!\" \"When I put the last kid through college.\" \"When I have paid off the loan!\" \"When I get a promotion.\" \"When I reach the age of retirement, I shall live happily ever after! \" Sooner or later, we must realize there is no station, no one place to arrive at once and for all. The true joy of life is the trip. The station is only a dream. It constantly outdistances us. \"Relish(appreciate) the moment\" is a good motto, actually it isn't the burdens of today that drive man mad. It is the regret over yesterday and the fear of tomorrow. Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today. So stop pacing the aisles and counting the miles. Instead, climb more mountains, eat more ice cream, swim more rivers, watch more sunsets, laugh more and cry less. Life must be lived as we go along. Then the station will come soon enough. \n Answer: To compare it to our life's journey.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author describe the mental picture?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9c2b17a5e23d498eaffd5cc8c4192b9d",
            "input": "Article: Fabien Cousteau is a French ocean explorer and documentary filmmaker.who spent his early years aboard his grandfather's ships.Today, Fabien continues to protect the planet's endangered ocean life and tries to strike a balance between environmental problems and market economies. Fabien is well known for his study of sharks.During 2000--2002,he created a TV program aiming to change public ideas about sharks called\"Attack of the Mystery Shark\" based on the shark attacks that occurred along the New Jersey shoreline in the summer of 1916.Then during 2003--2006,with the help of a large crew,Fabien created a lifelike shark submarine ,providing people with a rare view of the mysterious and often misunderstood creatures. For the next four years(2006--2010),Fabien was part of a series called\"Ocean Adventures\",which provided viewers with a chance to look into some of the most fantastic ocean species and environments on the planet. In 2010,Fabien started Plant A Fish,a nonprofit project for children to help rebuild local water ecosystems through the healthy\"replanting\"of key ocean species.Its final goal is to plant l billion\"fish\"worldwide in 10 years. In June 2014,Fabien and his team _ Mission Mission 31,the longest underwater science research,the world's only underwater laboratory located nine miles off the coast ot the Florida Keys,and 63 feet beneath the sea.Fabien's Mission 31 broke new ground in ocean exploration,while broadcasting each moment live exposing the world to the adventure and mystique of what lies beneath. Fabien is currently working on a feature documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31,as well as building all Ocean Learning Center to afford children around the world the opportunity to learn about oceans and connect with ocean explorers directly through social  media. \n Answer: By arranging in time order.",
            "output": [
                "How is the whole text developed?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-799832b5f34a4470a798dc54fcdaee13",
            "input": "Article: The other day when I was passing a clothing store, I fell in love with a skirt. I knew it would suit me best at first sight. But when I looked at the price tag  , I knew I had to give it up. The love for beautiful clothes has been planted in my heart the day when I was born to be a woman. Several years ago I read an article in a magazine. The article stated that when a woman is at her best time, she is usually poor or tasteless, so she can't get the right clothes; when she can afford to buy the clothes she likes, she often finds that they do not suit her anymore. On the way home, I was quite disturbed by such thoughts. It was just a pity, like many other pities. I thought to myself this way. But when I was about to enter the building where I was living, I saw the big mirror placed in the entrance. I saw a girl in it who was in cheap but cleanly washed sweater and jeans. _ was rather young, healthy and energetic. For quite a while I was touched by what I had seen in the mirror. Then I almost forgot the tale: A person without shoes cried until he saw a man without feet. Being young without good clothes is like the person without shoes. I should have felt grateful that I haven't lost my feet. \n Answer: Relieved.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel when she decided not to buy the skirt?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ccc67963464349a581c96b83a7341ce1",
            "input": "Article: After three military  tours in Iraq and three in Afghanistan, Dennis Swols gets angry easily. He is unable to really talk about his time on the battlefield. But as Swols sits in a clinic at Fort Bragg, his hand drops to the furry head beside him. His mood brightens. Sitting at his feet, Lexy , a 5-year-old German shepherd, gives Swols a few moments of distraction  . It's her job. And, according to Swols, she is good at it. \"I have a hard time talking to people about my battlefield experiences and everything,\" says Swols, who took part in several wars. Now he's been suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder . \"I just pet Lexy. Or I'm sitting here and we won't talk about military things. We'll just talk about the dog. My day is better every time I come in.\" For Doctor Christine Rumayor, Lexy is a partner and a living, breathing medical tool. The dog can calm a patient and make a therapy   appointment a little more enjoyable. Animal therapy is used in only a few other army medical centers. A small number of dogs like Lexy are being used almost as co-therapists. The army is struggling to address stress disorders and mental health problems brought by more than ten years of war. One of the big difficulties is getting soldiers to seek treatment. Lexy, it turns out, is particularly good at that. Rumayor , who uses Lexy in her practice, said there was a resistance   at first. \"You don't expect everyone to think they can just bring their dog to work,\" she said. Walking around the base, she uses Lexy to attract soldiers, and then draws them into conversation. \"There's nothing better than coming to an appointment where you get to have a warm furry thing that you get to pet all the time. People don't want to come in the door. When they see Lexy coming in, it makes them want to come in the door.\" \n Answer: He is suffering from post-war stress.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Dennis Swols ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5ee39d63b0104516a3dbb32675abda8a",
            "input": "Article: Despite organized anti-bottled-water campaigns across the country and a noisy debate about bottled water's environmental effect, Americans are buying more bottled water than ever. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Why do so many people seem to think they should have any input on what other Americans choose to buy or do? If they want to buy bottled water, let them. If they want to eat fast food, let them. If they want to smoke pot, let them. ----Barackalypse  People just get tired of paying for others' bad behavior. If many people eat too much fast food, you pay higher insurance bill. If many people frequently buy bottled water, your trash bills go up and landfills   fill up quickly. It's about personal responsibility, which really should be a basis of our society.                                                                                                                    ----Bdbr So? This is the price you pay to live in a free society. You want to control the life of another just so you can save a little money? What would you say when someone do the same to you?                                                                                                                                                                                       ----Norman619 I'm just glad there are still people who still believe personal responsibility is a good thing. We make your life cheaper and less bothersome.                                                                                                                             ----Yoyo What a waste of money. It's fine when you're on the road and you need a cold drink, but people who buy cases of bottled water for home are completely crazy.                                                                                                         ----Agmlauncher I wish we all can find a way to improve things and benefit from this. The environment needs a lot of help but businesses will always work on what people would need and demand. Is this part of the trade-off? Hope we can find better ways. ----Skipweis \n Answer: Americans are drinking less bottled water than before.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about bottled water in America?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-da403bed45b945a3a71095a03775df0f",
            "input": "Article: Although American children still spend part of their days reading, they are spending less time doing it for pleasure than years ago, with large gaps  in proficiency ,according to a recent report. \"It raises an alarm,\" said Vicky Rideout, the lead author of the report. \"We're witnessing a really large drop in reading among teenagers and the speed of that drop is getting faster and faster.\" The report found that the percentage of nine-year-old children reading for pleasure once or more per week had dropped from 81 percent in 1984 to 76 percent in 2013, based on government studies. About a third of 13-year-olds and almost half of 17-year-olds reported in one study that they read for pleasure less than twice a year. Of those who read or are read to, children often spend on average between 30 minutes and an hour daily with that activity, the report found. Older children and teenagers tend  to read for pleasure for an equally long time each day. Rideout warned that there may be differences in how people come across texts and the included studies may not take into account stories read on line or on social media. The report also found that many young children are struggling with literacy . Only about one-third of fourth grade students are \"proficient\" in reading and another one-third scored below \"basic\" in reading skills. Despite the large percentage of children with below-basic reading skills, reading scores among young children have improved since the 1970s, according to one test that measures reading ability. The reading scores among 17-year-olds, however, reminded relatively unchanged since the 1790s. About 46 percent of white children are considered \"proficient\" in reading, compared with 18 percent of black children and 20 percent of Hispanic kids. Those gap remained relatively unchanged over the past 20 years, according to the report. \"To go 20 years with no progress in that area is shameful\", Rideout said. The report stresses some behaviors that have been tied to children being more frequent readers. Those behaviors include parents setting aside time to read with their children and parents reading themselves to model good behavior. \n Answer: Black children have lower proficiency in reading than white children.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about the report findings?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3892c9b3fadb413ca57f0c5377fba59e",
            "input": "Article: City Varieties The Headrow, Leeds. Tel. 430808 Oct. 10 - 11 only A Night at the Varieties. All the fun of an old music hall with Barry Cryer, Duggle Brown, 6 dancers, Mystina, Jon Barker, Anne Duval and the Tony Harrison Trio. Laugh again at the old jokes and listen to your favourite songs. Performances: 8 pm nightly. Admission L5; under 16 or over 60: L4 York Theatre Royal St. Leonard's Place, York. Tel. 223568 Sept. 23-Oct. 17 Groping for Words-a comedy by Sue Townsend. Best known for her Adrian Mole Diaries, Townsend now writes about an evening class which two men and a woman attend. A gentle comedy. Performances: 8pm Admission: First night, Mon.: L2; Tues-Fri: L3.25-5.50; Sat.: L3.35 -5.75. Halifax Playhouse King's Cross Street, Halifax. Tel. 365998 Oct. 10 - 17 On Golden Pond by Ernest Thompson. This is a magical comedy about real people. A beautifully produced, well-acted play for everyone. Don't miss it. Performances: 7:30 p. m. Admission: L2.  Mon.: 2 seats for the price of one. Grand Theatre Oxford Street, Leeds. Tel. 502116 Oct. 1 - 17 The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13. Sue Townsend's musical play, based on the best-selling book. Performances: Evenings 7:45pm. Oct. 10 - 17, at 2:30 pm. No Monday performances. Admission: Tues-Thurs: L2 - 5; Fri. & Sat. : L2 - 6 \n Answer: Halifax Playhouse",
            "output": [
                "Where can you see the play On Golden Pond?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e092e0bea2814f388eca816160d4ff1b",
            "input": "Article: When 18th-century scientists first came across Australia's platypus , they thought it was a trick. It is not surprising that the platypus made people confused. This funny-looking animal has feet and is a kind of warm-blooded mammal. While other mammals usually keep their blood at around 37 degrees, the platypus has a lower body temperature of 32 degrees. As to its appearance, the platypus'mouth is not really like ducks'at all; its mouth actually looks a bit soft. The platypus closes its eyes when swimming. It uses its mouth to pick up outside information made by the creatures underwater. Strangest of all, the platypus is a mammal that can lay eggs. And there is only one other kind of mammal that can lay eggs, the echidna   of Australia. Both the platy-pus and the echidna lay soft-shelled eggs, and both feed their young with their own milk that comes out of their skin. These animals also walk in a way that is similar to crocodiles , with legs on the sides of their bodies rather than under them. Though pretty, in a special way, the platypus is actually one of the few mammals that are poisonous. A male platypus has knife-like bones on its back legs which have enough poison to kill a dog. The platypus has the honor of being one of the oldest mammals in the world. Until the early 20th century, it was hunted for its fur, but the situation has changed. Although the platypus is easily affected by pollution, it is not under any immediate threat. \n Answer: It has a lower body temperature than other mammals.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the platypus according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2176f7f4eb9c4a1f8bf375cfac508210",
            "input": "Article: India now leads the world in smartphone growth. It saw a 55% increase in the number of smartphones in 2014. The number of Web users increased by 37%. Smartphones were the source of 65 % of its Internet traffic and 41 % of its e-commerce, according to a report by the analyst Mary Meeker, titled \"Internet Trends 2015\". India's Internet boom has started. Within three or four years, almost every adult in India will own a smartphone. They will be used to order goods, read news, monitor crop growth and so on. Indian adults will be very interested in these devices just as young Americans are. 87% of Americans between the ages of 18 and 34 who own smartphones say they never separate from these: \"My smartphone never leaves my side.\" Four out of five say that the first thing they do on waking is to reach for their smartphones. And three fifths believe that in the next five years everything will be done on mobile devices. In the business world, the rise of mobile platforms is dramatically transforming many industries all over the world. What Indian software developers have to do is to start thinking about solutions to old problems by using all the features of these new devices. They need to take advantage of the unique properties of smartphones and tablets. As Indian software developers and enterprises master the smartphone, they will be able to export their solutions to the rest of the world. This will make possible a new tech revolution that is greater than what created India's IT industry in the 1980s and 1990s. We can expect the rapid transformation of India when a billion people become connected and have equal access to information and services. \n Answer: Check e-mails.",
            "output": [
                "What will most young Americans do first the moment they wake up?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-59be11d6c6e14c7ca1c8bcf18493bbb1",
            "input": "Article: Zoos divide opinion : there are those who think it is cruel to keep animals locked up while others believe zoos are essential for the survival of endangered species. To argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about. Without zoos many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer exist. Every single day,over one hundred animal species vanish. Scientists predict that as early as 2050 one quarter of the Earth's species will become extinct. Some animals are in danger because they are hunted. Alarmingly, the population of tigers has already fallen by ninety-five percent. Other species are in danger because of a lack of food. For example, there are fewer than 1300 giant pandas left in the wild. Zoos have special breeding programmes to help those animals at risk. These breeding programmes are proving extremely successful. As Irene Shapiro from Zoo and Wildlife Support says, \"the Puerto Rican Parrot has grown in numbers from just thirteen to about eighty-five and the Golden Lion Tamarin Monkey, which has almost ceased to exist twenty years ago, has been reintroduced back into the wild. \" Unfortunately, not everyone understands this important role zoos play. For example, Brian Featherstone from the Anti-Zoo Forum says, \"I can't believe we take animals from the wild and put them in cages for the entertainment of the public! We should view them on film or TV in their natural environment.,' However, this misses the point. A zoo does more than display animals to the public. It ensures their survival. Without zoos you would not be able to see many of these animals on TV or anywhere else! \n Answer: He expresses a desire that more of them be built.",
            "output": [
                "What's the writer's attitude towards zoos?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b5504278e40d4d0f8a613752f2665706",
            "input": "Article: Share With Us Would you like to have your writing published in this magazine? Then let us know! We pay for stories, anecdotes and jokes: Anecdotes and Jokes  $50 What made you laugh recently? A funny sign? A colleague's behaviour? Got a joke? Send it in for Laughter is the Best Medicine! Email: Juliet@sws.com Smart Animals  Up to $100 Send us a tale about the strange behaviour of unique pets or wildlife in up 300 words. Email: audry@sws.com Power of Love  Up to $150 Acts of generosity can change lives or just give you that warm feeling full of love. Share your moments 100--500 words. Email: susan@sws.com My Story  $350 Do you have an inspiring or life-changing story to tell? Your story must be true, unpublished, original and 800-- 1000 words. Email: nanjc@sws.com For more information, please visit: [Link] \n Answer: $50",
            "output": [
                "How much will the magazine pay for a joke to be published?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8a9759293c3c4e1088050843286f7643",
            "input": "Article: Barditch High School decided to an All-School Reunion. Over 450 people came to the event. There were tours of the old school building and a picnic at Confederate Park. Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days. Ms. Mabel Yates, the English teacher for fifty years, was wheeled to the Park. Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans when Ms.Yates was about to speak. Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from an old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined. Then Ms. Yates started to speak: \"I can't tell you how pleased I am to be here. I haven't seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I haven't appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and even the birth your children, in my imagination.\" Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued: \"It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I can see that you have all been successful in you chosen path.\" \"There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. You have all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my heart.\" There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. Tee clapping turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar . Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown. \n Answer: Graduates' reports in the old building.",
            "output": [
                "What activity was organized for the school reunion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0313302896ab4f33841ded358da205a2",
            "input": "Article: I was sure that I was to be killed. I became terribly nervous. I fumbled  in my pockets to see if there were any cigarettes, which had escaped their search. I found one and because of my shaking hands, I could barely get it to my lips. But I had no matches, they had taken those. I looked through the bars at the guard. He did not make eye contact with me. I called out to him \"Have you got a light?\" He looked at me, shrugged and came over to light my cigarette. As he came close and lit the match, his eyes unconsciously locked with mine. At that moment, I smiled. I don't know why I did that. Perhaps it was nervousness, perhaps it was because, when you get very close, one to another, it is very hard not to smile. In any case, I smiled. In that instant, it was as though a spark jumped across the gap between our two hearts, our two human souls. I know he didn't want to, but my smile leaped through the bars and caused a smile on his lips, too. He lit my cigarette but stayed near, looking at me directly in the eyes and continuing to smile. I kept smiling at him, now thinking of him as a person and not just a guard. \"Do you have kids?\" he asked. \"Yes, here, here.\" I took out my wallet and nervously fumbled for the pictures of my family. He, too, took out the pictures of his family and began to talk about his plans and hopes for them. My eyes were filled with tears. I said that I feared that I'd never see my family again, never have the chance to see them grow up. Tears came to his eyes, too. Suddenly, without another word, he unlocked my cell and silently led me out. Out of the prison, quietly and by back routes, out of the town. There, at the edge of town, he released me. And without another word, he turned back toward the town. \n Answer: He had killed someone.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the man from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0849c3266d7a4a559d1fe0aa37efb0f7",
            "input": "Article: Taking the train is a wonderful way to see America. In the 19th century, train routes appeared from coast to coast, carrying both people and goods Today, a long-distance Amtrak train trip is a different way to experience the United States. The long-distance Amtrak trains have lots of room. Coach seats have lots of leg room and wide aisles ,sightseeing lounges  have large windows, and sleeping areas can provide a good night's rest. On a train trip, there's time to talk, play cards or board games, and read to one another. On a car trip, parents have to drive while on a train, parents can sit back and watch the scenery go by. Unlike an airplane, traveling by train is not the quickest way to arrive at your destination; the train is the destination in itself. Amtrak manages long-distance trains that run through the United States. Routes have different names, such as Empire Builder, California Zephyr, Sunset Limited and Southwest Chief. The long-distance trains have double-decker cars(Superliners), sightseeing lounges, and a real dining car. On shorter trains, such as from New York to Washington. DC, the cars are single level and only have a snack bar. In the Superliner trains, the sightseeing lounge is lined with windows on the second level while on the lower level a snack bar and tables can be found. In the evening, videos are shown in the lounge car--either entertaining movies or documentaries. Tip: As delays are common on Amtrak trains, always call the station before you go there. Otherwise, . \n Answer: The trains like Amtrak allow people to enjoy the journey cheaply.",
            "output": [
                "What's the advantage of seeing America by train?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-771925a2ea664d96a2f97d2a842660f2",
            "input": "Article: Lipitor is a prescription medicine. Along with diet and exercise, it lowers \"bad\" cholesterol  in your blood. It can also raise \"good\" cholesterol. Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors, including family history of early heart disease, high blood pressure, age and smoking. WHO IS LIPITOR FOR? Who can take LIPITOR: * People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise. * Adults and children over 10. Who should NOT take LIPITOR: * Women who are pregnant, may be pregnant, or may become pregnant. Lipitor may harm your unborn baby. * Women who are breast-feeding. Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby. * People with liver problems. POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITOR Serious side effects in a small number of people: * Muscle problems that can lead to kidney problems, including kidney failure. * Liver problems. Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start Lipitor and while you are taking it. Call your doctor right away if you have: * Unexplained muscle pain or weakness, especially if you have a fever or feel very fired. * Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and/or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing. * Stomach pain. Some common side effects of LIPITOR are: * Muscle pain. * Upset stomach. * Changes in some blood tests. HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR DO: * Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor. * Try to eat heart-healthy foods while you take Lipitor. * Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food. * If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. But if it has been more than 12 hours since you missed dose, wait. Take the next dose at your regular time. Don't: * Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor. * Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor. \n Answer: To lower \"bad\" cholesterol.",
            "output": [
                "What is a major function of Lipitor?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95276593f803488dbf1f3f09211fe1da",
            "input": "Article: I told my friend Graham that I often cycle the two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route. He replied, \"You mean fortunately.\" He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided. My attitude to the hill has now changed. I used to grumble as I approached it but now I tell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs. It will help me to lose weight and get fit. It will mean that I live longer. This hill is my friend. Finally as I wend my way up the incline I console myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationery exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for free. I have a smug smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill. Problems are there to be faced and overcome. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a University degree. Her activism and writing proved inspirational. She wrote, \"Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experiences of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved.\" One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards _ . From time to time we all face hardships, problems, accidents, afflictions and difficulties. Some are of our making but many confront us through no fault of our own. Whilst we cannot choose the adversity we can choose our attitude towards it. The biographies of great people are littered with examples of how they took these kinds of steps to overcome the difficulties they faced. The common thread is that they did not become defeatist or depressed. They chose their attitude. They chose to be positive. They took on the challenge. They won. \n Answer: Attitude makes difference",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5fcd641a19094aac8f6f235c2f5a1eeb",
            "input": "Article: Passing a store, you might just step in and see if the store has received any new CDs. Once in the store, you're delighted to discover some new CDs that you must have. You could buy them later, of course, but you're already here, so why not now? In the checkout line you wonder whether to write a check or pay with a credit card. Either way would be OK, you suppose. The trouble with writing a check, though, is that you don't have much money left in your checking account. Using the credit card you won't have to pay at once, and when you do pay, you will only have to pay a little a month. So you hand the salesperson your plastic card, and that's the deal!     There are a few good things about credit cards. For one thing, it's almost impossible to rent a car without a credit card. For another, they are helpful if you are in a situation where you don't have your checkbook or you have little cash with you. What are the disadvantages? One is that few people have the discipline to use their credit cards wisely. Instead, many fall into the buy-now-pay-later trap. Many become \"addicted to plastic.\" Another disadvantage is that credit cards are more abstract than money or checks and thus contribute to our having less control over our money. Bank notes are physical things, and you have to  _ your checking account every month when you pay with a check. This takes a bit of work, and although it's painful, it's more realistic. Credit cards represent the abstract, lending a certain air of unreality to the stage of managing your finances. All you do is sign your name; someone else does the math for you. \n Answer: You can buy what you like more freely.",
            "output": [
                "What is the advantage of credit cards?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7984b51a8c0a4d4b987882328fcbcf18",
            "input": "Article: Thousands of students, from all around the world, have helped their international careers by taking EIS English studies at South Thames College London - STCL. You too can take our first-class EIS courses to learn, and live English in London @ STCL. 1. Our experience We have provided English for International Students EIS courses to people from around the world for 40 years. More than 1,000 students take our EIS courses each year, often after a recommendation from a friend or relative. Our teachers have worked in many countries; their experience will help you to develop international English communication skills. 2. A world in one college The College has students from more than 100 countries. When you study English with us, you will have the opportunity to meet not only UK students, but also people from all over the world. 3.  _  The College's main purpose is to provide education and training for our local community. We have more than 20,000 students, on a range of academic, technical and vocational courses in addition to English language courses. All students can also use the facilities available at the college--library services, free Internet access, sports & more. You can join a range of leisure and social activities. 4. Assured quality STCL is a member of English UK, the national association of accredited   English language centers. Our EIS courses meet the quality standards of Accreditation UK and are accredited by the British Council. 5. Our range of courses We have a wide range of courses designed to meet the needs of global citizens in an international environment. Our courses prepare you both for life in London - perhaps as a student - and for your future career, anywhere in the world. We help you improve your English so you can communicate more effectively - for study, work or socializing... Intensive courses meet UK immigration regulations for students. For information about out intensive English courses, click here. \n Answer: To attract students from all over the world.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-98d4abf38e0442438e081e8c072a30b6",
            "input": "Article: What if our babies could somehow tell us what they're thinking about, what they want, and what makes them unhappy? Robyn Holt, researcher for Baby Talk New Zealand, says they can. Holt heard about baby sign language through an advertisement and decided to go along to a workshop  . \"Sign language is something that's always interested me, and I thought, it could be really cool to try this with a baby because we are always guessing all the time what they actually want.\" Holt started using baby sign language with her baby son Benjamin, now 12, and within two weeks he started to sign the sign for milk. She has since used it with her two younger sons Dominic, 8, and Matthew, 3. Baby sign language is nothing new: the practice (which is based on adult sign language) has been out in America for more than 30 years. But it is enjoying a rebirth in New Zealand. The idea behind baby sign language is that babies do have the ability to communicate their needs if they are given the right tools to do so. Although many mothers develop an intuition   about whether their baby's crying is from hunger, tiredness, or pain, baby sign language creates a direct form of communication that unlocks _ . When babies are between 6-months and 12 to 13-months, parents can begin to teach them sign language: use the sign for milk while feeding, and also talk about milk, so that the child begins to make the link   in their brain. Then they can begin to add other signs, i.e. food, sick or pain. \"I know of one parent. Her child was signing the sign for hurt by his mouth, and she realised his first teeth were growing. It makes life so much easier,\" said Holt. \n Answer: To better understand babies' needs.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Holt go to the baby sign language workshop?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-31d9dcd320bc48d28015011edb61bc61",
            "input": "Article: Americans love their cars. There are more than eight cars for every 10 Americans, but most of the time, they sit idle , parked in a driveway or on the street. Now, several companies on the U. S. West Coast are helping people rent their personal car to someone else when they don't need it. Eric Loebel is one of those people. For a small price, he wants to let his Oregon neighbors \"borrow\" his car. It's a dark blue, model year 2000 Volvo car. The sales and marketing consultant says he doesn't use it much. \"My wife and I are huge bike commuters and almost don't need a car,\" he says. Loebel is one of the first car owners in Portland to list his wheels for rent through a so-called \"peer-to-peer car sharing\" service called Getaround. Com. \"Cars are so expensive to own,\" he says \"This can definitely offset  some of the cost.\" The website lets car owners decide for themselves how much to charge borrowers to rent by the hour, day or week. Person-to-person rentals began in Germany a decade ago, and there are a handful of similar companies in Europe and Australia. The concept caught on quickly in California over the past year according to John Atcheson, vice president of Getaround, one of four carsharing startups in the San Francisco area. \"We have had amazing cars leaping into our system,\" Atcheson says. \"Not just 1995 pickup trucks but we have had late model Mercedes, Audis, any type of car you can imagine. We actually have a Tesla Roadster--a $150,000 sports car.\" Another service called JustShareIt plans to stand out by going beyond cars. Its founder says the company will offer person-to-person rentals of power boats, jet skis and snowmobeles( ) too. \n Answer: Americans try renting their cars to strangers.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5c0b92a8b8ad41328f32dd9c989bb3d2",
            "input": "Article: Last summer, as part of my high school graduation project, I volunteered at Saunders House nursing home. I choose this experience because it was something that I had never done before and I wanted to lend a helping hand. At first it was challenging because I was extremely shy. My goal in volunteering was to bring a smile to the residents   by doing different activities from word games to playing chess. I feel as if I had finished that goal. At the nursing home, I did a lot of different activities with the residents ranging from Jeopardy to Wheel of Fortune. One of my favorites was a word game where I would write a ten -letter word on the board and the residents would try to come up with as many smaller words as possible. I could tell that it was one of their favorite games because they always seemed to be so enthusiastic   when they played. I also transported residents to and from their rooms when they needed help; and whenever it was a nice day out, I would take them outside to get some fresh air and relax. On Saturday mornings, I would deliver the newspaper to the residents and on Sundays, I helped with morning church services. The most unforgettable part of this experience was when I had one-on-one conversations with the residents. It was incredible   how many great stories they had to tell. Their stories were so interesting and the experience was unforgettable for me. \n Answer: Because the old people there shared stories with her",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author volunteer at the nursing home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c678f8e550564b94914e9e9bb155f8ad",
            "input": "Article: This column is part of a series on websites that are useful for English language learning.Activities for ESL Students Includes various types of tests, exercises and puzzles designed to help people studying English as a second language (ESL).The activities include grammar, vocabulary and idiom tests at easy, medium and difficult levels.The specially designed Chinese-English vocabulary tests can help Chinese memorize English words. [Link] Interesting Things for ESL Students Contains a comprehensive list of audio clips   from the Special English programs of Voice of America (VOA).The list covers news of all kinds on VOA.The listening and vocabulary exercises and the word list designed with the clips will help English learners improve listening ability and increase vocabulary. [Link] World-English This site provides a list of radio or TV channels offering English news clips.It includes the BBC radio program clips from England, CNN and ABC news clips from the US, and other news clips from other English-speaking countries.Click on the links and you will be taken to channels where you can listen to clips.This is a good way to practice listening. [Link] Listen to English Offers a large number of materials for English learners to practice listening.The materials include business English, English literature, history, movies, and politics.Students can improve their English while enjoying the beauty of the English of literature, songs, movies, and news in different countries. [Link] html \n Answer: [Link]",
            "output": [
                "If you want to test how well you are learning English, which website can you enter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ec8f8890c1664c70b80704ef86f5b2aa",
            "input": "Article: For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do? Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part,this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents' point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents'  complete unreasonableness. And of course, t _ Both feel trapped. In this article, I'll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrel on unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen's hair, the cleanness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child's failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn't matter what the topic is--politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg--the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong,for both wish to be considered an authority--someone who actually knows something--and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they'll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress. \n Answer: Both are about where to draw the line.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author compare the parent teen war to a border conflict?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-67898997b848490c8afe7bd2f0d51989",
            "input": "Article: I am an English dictionary. I can still remember the day my ex-owner bought me. He had stood in front of the shelf for around half an hour before finally picking me. Originally, he chose my neighbor. But because she had some ink on the cover, he put her down and chose me instead. I may sound arrogant   . But please forgive me. I am so proud of my vocabulary. With 100,000 entries and 300,000 examples, I think no scholar can be more knowledgeable than me. My only weakness is that I can't speak. But that is not my fault. I was not designed to speak in the first place. My ex-owner was supposed to read the phonetic symbols   clearly printed beside each word, which were also my selling point. I should have been respected but have ended up lying next to a piece of used toilet paper inside the rubbish bin. It is all because of the electronic dictionary. He is the bad guy because he takes advantage of my one weakness. And I just don't understand why he can be so slim. He also has about 100,000entries but 450,000 examples! But I know this was not the reason why my ex-owner was attracted, for he was not a very diligent   student and seldom read the examples listed. The main reason was that the bad guy had so many games in him. My ex-owner always pretended to be working hard while actually he was playing games. My ex-owner put me on his bookshelf because of my awesome English name \"Advanced English Dictionary\". He wanted people to think that he was an advanced learner. I wanted to tell him that it would be better if he hid the comic books standing next to me. But, you know, I can't speak. I stood there for years. I was so bored. So I talked to the comic book next to me. Under normal circumstances, I wouldn't have talked to him because I was educated and he was not. But who else could I choose? He told me that my ex-owner had read him once only and then put him there. I was upset because he had never read me from page one to page 1,000. Was I not a better book than the comic book? I wanted to challenge his honesty but before I did so, he was thrown away. I give up. My pages are absorbing waste water. There is no way people will use me again. Suddenly, I want to talk to the comic book. Would he talk to me if we met? \n Answer: It can actually pronounce the words.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the dictionary think that the electronic dictionary is the \"bad guy\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2ed5994328834e789e8d5c64694559ab",
            "input": "Article: Penelope Leach, a famous British psychologist once said: \"Loving a child is a round business. The more you give, the more you get, the more you want to give.\" Her clever remark about parent-child relationship proves to be true of my blooded family.  Born in 1928 and as the youngest of 5 children, I learned to share everything with my brothers and sisters including my parents' love. Raising 5 children during the difficult times of the Great Depression took its toll on my parents' relationship and resulted in their divorce when I was 18 years old. Daddy never had very close relationships with his children and drifted even farther away from us after the divorce. After some years, an amazing woman entered into his life, and they were married. She had two sons, one of them still at home. Under her influence, we became a \"fixed family\" and a good relationship developed between the two families. She has always treated us as if we were her own children. Father and our stepmother shared life over twenty-five years together before our father passed away. At the time of his death, a question came up.  It's about my mother, Daddy's first wife, attending his funeral. I will never forget the unconditional love shown by my stepmother when I asked her if she would object to Mother attending Daddy's funeral. Without giving it a second thought, she immediately replied, \"Of course not, Honey. She's the mother of my children.\" \n Answer: The difficulties from keeping a big family in a hard period of time.",
            "output": [
                "According to the speaker, what contributed to her parents' divorce?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f0d339b6be5244d3bcc800ccf78a6394",
            "input": "Article: \"How call I obtain more drugs?\" I cried.\"I can't live without the help of drugs!''.You see,I was only 14 years of age when someone said to me,\"Here,smoke this! It will make you feel good.\" So that is how my habit of d rug-taking began. Soon I felt I could not live without more and more drugs.So I found I needed more and more money to buy drugs.So I began to steal things from my family and from shops.Then in the street I pointed my gun at people,saying, \"Give me your money,or I will shoot you!\" I lost all my friends.My family also said,\"Get out of this house and never return here!\" I then realized the truth-drugs were killing me.\"Unless someone told me how to escape from the desire for drugs,I will soon be dead,\" I said .  Then one day,I read in a paper, \"We help drug-takers!'' I decided,\"I will go and see what these people think they can do for me.\"So I stayed at their meeting place for seven months.But they failed.They did not take the desire for drugs from me. Then one day,I read something in the magazine called \"La Paloma\".I read how people said,\"We could not escape from the desire for drugs.But now we have freedom.God gave us power to escape this desire.God gives us the power of the spirit when we believe what Jesus Christ obtained for us by dying for us.\"SO I decided,\"I will go to this Betel meeting place as reported in 'La Paloma'.I will see if they can help me.'' Now I found these Betel people never left me alone.Yes,someone was always there with me day and night.Then one day I cried out to God,\"God,please help me!\" I know God heard my cry.I found I now had power to escape the desire for drugs. At last I am free from the desire for drugs.I have found real peace of mind.I now enjoy life and help other people to overcome their d rug problem. \n Answer: He was persuaded to take drugs.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author get addicted to drugs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1d79e2f9388e46a6b1e28685f0eb81b4",
            "input": "Article: Every year, thousands of young Europeans set off to explore their continent by train in the summertime. It is a necessary part of growing up and often the first time many Europeans travel without their parents. Now you too can share this adventure. There are so many places you can not afford to miss while travelling in Europe: the Eiffel Tower of France, windmills of the Netherlands and the Colosseum of Rome. How do young people afford to visit everything they want? The answer lies with the Eurail Pass. This ticket allows a traveller unlimited journeys by rail in European countries which are members of the scheme. Ambitious Chinese travellers can buy the ticket in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. The most popular type of Eurail Pass amongst young people, according to Zhao Jiaji, from China Air Service Ltd, is the Eurail Selectpasses. With this you can design your own trip by selecting three, four or five neighbouring countries from a total 18 nations including Liechtenstein, Monaco, Hungary and Romania. \"There is plenty of choice with this pass: in total this range offers over 400 different combinations of countries to choose from!\" said Zhao. The Eurail Selectpass gives 5 to 10 travel days within a 2-month period. For more flexibility there are the Eurail Passes which allow you to take trains in 17 countries on any day you like. It is valid  for a period of either 15 or 21 days, one, two or three months. If you just want to travel in one or two countries to learn more about the local culture, Eurail Pass also offers two-country passes such as Spain-Portugal, France-Switzerland and Belgium-Luxemburg. And countries like Britain, France and Germany offer a kind of Eurail Pass which allows unlimited train travel in their country. Before buying the Eurail Pass, you should know some tips to save money. The 2nd class train travel ticket is cheaper than 1st class. And youths under 26 years old or groups of 2 or more people traveling together can enjoy discounts. For more information, please check out [Link] \n Answer: All kinds of discounts.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not an advantage of Eurail Pass?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d61195fe16c54a7daa7106a0ad8c73fb",
            "input": "Article: Christmas is long gone. and Valentine's Day is a distant memory. That means it's a slow time for jewelers, and a good time for you to make a purchase. Whether you're out shopping for gold, or silver, here fife a few things you need to know: What determines price? The purity of the metal is one of the elements that determines the price. Gold purity is indicated with a stamp of 10K, 14K, 18K, or 24K. And different countries have their own standards. For example, for a piece to be considered gold in the US, it must be at least 10K. In Britain and Canada: 9K. In Italy and France: l 8K. Anything over l 8K is really too soft for everyday wear. That's why jewelry stores in the US sell mostly 14K. How much can you expect to pay? That depends on the weight of the metal and the gemstone . So keep that in mind, especially when buying online. To keep yourself from _ , ask yourself the following: *How long has the company been around? *What is its return policy? * Is the jewelry featured on the website visible from all directions? * Is the company transparent with the gram weights and the size of the gemstones? Yellow gold? White? Rose? Yes, it's confusing, and while this is largely a personal decision, there fife a few things to keep in mind. For starters. white or rose gold costs about l 0% more than yellow gold. If you want the \"look for less\", consider gold. plated jewelry. \"Gold plated\" and \"gold overlay\" mean the same thing and guarantee a thicker layer of finish than \"vermeil\" which is a flash finish that is thinner and less consistent, but more affordable. Buy vermeil finished pieces you want for a season or two just to follow the fashion. For pieces you want to wear for a lifetime, solid gold is best. What about sterling silver ? Sterling silver has been. an alternative for white gold during the difficult economy, and while it used to be more popular with just the younger these days it has much more mass appeal. So much so that retailers are now offering fine gemstones with silver--something you used to see only with gold. Keep in mind that in the US. the sterling silver standard is 92.5% real silver. Don't buy it if there isn't a \"925\" stamp on it. And keep in mind that the lower price you're paying for silver means more maintenance. To keep silver jewelry from becoming less shiny, consider keeping a piece of chalk in your jewelry box. \n Answer: A gemstone necklace.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is relatively good for only wearing a short time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f7875e706d5f441fbc69344c27f0d92f",
            "input": "Article: Best High School Band Plays Turner Field     The North Cobb High School Band routinely takes the field every Friday night during football season. The band plays at North Cobb football games.      This week, the band had to get ready a little earlier in the week. That's because they played before the Atlanta Braves baseball game at Turner Field.      North Cobb won wsbtv.com's Best High School Band Tournament   last season. The prize for winning was a chance to play on the field at Turner Field before a Major League Baseball game. Tuesday night, the band collected the prize.      \"We were excited,\" North Cobb High School Band drum major Madison Hall said. \"Growing up in Atlanta, the Braves have always been such a famous figure in Atlanta, so we were really exited to have the opportunity to perform in front of a lot of people and in front of our community.\"      The tournament featured 64 high school bands from across Georgia. Wsbtv.com users determined the top four bands through voting with the Atlanta Braves entertainment staff selecting the winner from the final four. They selected North Cobb.      \"We have a number of great students at North Cobb,\" director Greg Williams said.      \"We've got the best parents in the world,\" he said. \"The kids are so amazing, they are really bright, talented, and they work hard. They do anything we ask them to do and I really think that's a lot of keys to our success.\"      Under the leadership of Williams and assistant band director Scott Pannell, the band made its way onto the outfield grass just as Atlanta Braves catcher Brian McCann was warming up.      \"It was amazing,\" said Pannell. \"Just going out in the tunnel and going into the stadium. And just looking at the Braves players on the left and seeing them over by our kids, it's just unbelievable.\"      The Atlanta Braves have once again partnered with wsbtv.com to reward this year's winner of the Best High School Band Tournament a chance to play at Turner Field. \n Answer: They got a sum of money as a reward.",
            "output": [
                "What did the band do on Tuesday night?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-30d81b34ef3f4c1fbc3c7174c8295376",
            "input": "Article: A time capsule buried by Apple founder Steve Jobs 30 years ago has been discovered after its location was long forgotten.In 1983, the young tech innovator was attending a conference in Aspen when he and the group decided to bury as a stunt during a design convention. The tube that was filled with an eclectic collection of goods- ranging from the then-new apple mouse to a six-pack of beer for the people who discovered the time capsule- was meant to be dug up 20 years later. There was a problem with that plan, however, as everyone involved forgot where it was buried. The final discovery happened at the hands of the crew from the National Geographic Channel`s reality show called Diggers.The discovery was well documented and is surely going to be featured on an upcoming episode, and even the experts had problems finding this particular treasure. CNET reports that in spite of their preparations and clear idea of where the 13-foot-long tube was, it still took them two hours to dig it up using heavy machinery. To anyone removed from the tech industry, the accomplishment in finding the tube appears to be the biggest accomplishment. To others, the most interesting object would likely be the `Lisa` mouse placed in the tube by the hands of a then-28-year-old Jobs.The Lisa Mouse, which Jobs named after his daughter, was one of the first commercial computer mice soled publicly, making it a rarity at the time. The Aspen Historical Society is going to help the show creators catalogue the tube`s contents- but no word yet whether or not the Diggers cracked open one of the six bottles of Boddington`s Ale that was left inside for the people who found the tube. \n Answer: the crew from the National Geographic Channel`s reality show called Diggers.",
            "output": [
                "Who found the time capsule buried by Steve Jobs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4f1f5a75ce9c4da59bd01b8160fbf42c",
            "input": "Article: LAST week's decision by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to  _ Pluto   _ its planetary status, held since its discovery in 1930, has made a lot of people sad. \"Pluto,\" American science writer Dava Sobel writes in her book \"The Planets\", \"still has an emotional hold on planethood. People love Pluto. Children identify with its smallness. Adults felt it hard to accept its isolated existence.\" Many people felt sorry about Pluto's demotion . \"I just cannot accept this at this time,\" says Liu Ming, 29, who runs a small company in prefix = st1 /Shanghai. \"I was taught that 'the Nine Great Planets' formed our solar system since primary school. And now they suddenly decrease the planets to eight. This will take some time for most of us to absorb it,\" says Liu. Ordinary people are simply not used to it, but for some professionals, especially the persons in charge of planetariums  and educators, the change has become a real headache. The \"eight instead of nine\" change will affect thousands of planetariums around the world. Schools will also be greatly affected.       InChina, teachers are anxious as outdated textbooks are printed and given out to the remotest corner of the country for school children ready to start a new term soon. According to the Ministry of Education, new textbooks with changed contents will not be available until next year. Zhao Zhiheng, a member of the Astronomy Association from Tianjin, suggested that primary and middle school teachers be trained in the improved knowledge, and that the media carry more stories to let people know about the change as soon as possible. \n Answer: They were strongly against the change.",
            "output": [
                "What's the feeling of ordinary people to the change?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1e013f2259ce4320a857732c11a920ce",
            "input": "Article: (Published March 30, 2011)Albert Einstein's Theory of Relativity might have a few mistakes--and Jake Barnett has set out to prove it. Between attending college classes at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) and tutoring his fellow students, Jake is also working on a new theory about the creation of the universe. He happens to be 12 years old. From an early age, Jake showed an extraordinary interest in stars. When he was 3, his parents took him to a space observatory. He tried to learn as much as he could about astronomy. Jake's IQ measured remarkably high at 170. As a baby, Jake was found out with Asperser's syndrome, a form of autism  . Autism causes difficulties in communication and social abilities. People with autism may also have strong interests--like Jake's interest in the stars at a young age. The symptoms of autism can range from mild to extremely severe. Asperser's is one of the milder forms of autism. Sometimes people with Asperser's, like Jake, develop extremely advanced skills in science, music or art. When Jake was in elementary school, his parents worried that the effects of his Asperser's were worsening. He became quiet. _ So a doctor recommended that Jake's parents let him study more advanced subjects, like math and physics. Jake's mother asked an astronomy professor to let Jake sit in on his class. Now, Jake studies advanced sciences like electromagnetic physics at IUPUI. But Jake thinks it's important to have a normal life too. He likes to play Guitar Hero with his friends and watch science fiction movies. He also enjoys playing classical music on the piano.But for Jake, studying physics is the most important thing. Jake's professor, John Ross, is working on getting a large sum of money for him to do research at the university. Doctors have said Jake's autism symptoms have lessened over time. Still, Jake proudly refers to himself as an \"Aspy\", or someone with Asperser's. In an interview with his university student newspaper, he said, \"I think the autism is the reason I'm even at IUPUI.\" \n Answer: Put forward his own theory in physics.",
            "output": [
                "What did Jake want to do at IUPUI?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0890916835904d4ba47a4ff6093a761a",
            "input": "Article: There's no doubt that man is the smartest. But do you know what other animals are smart, too? Dolphins Dolphins are very smart. Most of the \"tricks\" they're taught to do are actually behavior they would engage in on their own. They love to play, race and generally enjoy their life to the fullest. They speak a language we have yet to completely understand and like all civilized creatures, dolphins' mothers always provide their young children with guidance and possibly, love. Great apes The great ape family primarily consists of gorillas, chimpanzees and orangutans. Their brain chemistry is so similar to humans' that NASA once used chimpanzees in place of astronauts during many dangerous missions. Gorillas have been taught sign language and orangutans exist in complex familial relationships. Elephants Everyone has heard the phrase \"an elephant never forgets\". Elephants establish long-term friendships, recognizing and remembering their friends years later. If an elephant comes upon a fallen friend, it has even been known to feel sad. Parrots As proved by this list, parrots are very smart. They are also the only animals listed that can actually hold a conversation. Some parrots know hundreds of words by imitating humans. The birds are also capable of remembering words and using them intelligently in response to situations. \n Answer: They are able to play a lot of tricks.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about dolphins?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8bf1454f884c43b4bd8717664b429d3b",
            "input": "Article: Watching television makes it easier for toddlers   to kick and scream, according to a US study.Children under two should not watch any TV.The longer they sit in front of TV,the worse their behavior becomes. Just having the TV on in the background, even if the child wasn't watching it,was also connected to troublemaking behavior although the relationship wasn't as strong, said the researchers. \"Parents should be smart about TV use,\"researcher Jennifer Manganello from the University at Albany, New York, said. \"They should limit the time that children use TV, pay attention to the content of TV programs,and consider how TV is used throughout the home.\" The study looked at 3,128 women from 20 US cities who had a child between 2005 and 2008. While there was some diversity  of education among the women,onethird hadn't graduated from high school. Twothirds of the mothers said their threeyearold children watched more than two hours of TV a day,and the average viewing time for children was around three hours.On average,the TV was on for about five additional hours on a common day. After accounting for factors  such as living in a violent neighborhood,scientists also found watching TV was strongly connected to behavior such as hitting others,having angry moods,being disobedient ,and screaming a lot. The researchers thought that children may see violence on TV,and spend less time on positive development tasks such as reading or playing. The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests no TV at all for children at two and younger,and two hours a day or less for older kids. \n Answer: Watching TV can make children violent.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1d73f02033df40d58da0028fabb8f786",
            "input": "Article: Earth Hour is organized by WWF. With almost 5 million supporters and a global network in over 100 countries, it's one of the world's largest and most respected independent conservation organizations. WWF's mission   is to stop the degradation   of the Earth's natural environment and build a future where people live in harmony with nature. Earth Hour started on March 31st, in 2007 in Sydney, Australia when 2.2 million individuals and more than 2,000 businesses turned their lights off for one hour to take a stand against climate change. Only a year later Earth Hour had become a global movement with more than 50 million people across 35 countries participating. Global landmarks such as the Sydney Harbour Bridge, CN Tower in Toronto, Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, and Rome's Colosseum, all stood in darkness, as symbols of hope for a cause that grows more urgent by the hour. In March 2009, hundreds of millions of people took part in the third Earth Hour. Over 4,000 cities in 88 countries officially switched off to pledge   their support for the planet, making Earth Hour 2009 the world's largest movement to stop global climate change. On Saturday 27 March, Earth Hour 2010 became the biggest Earth Hour ever. A record 128 countries and territories joined the global display of climate action. Iconic buildings and landmarks from Asia Pacific to Europe and Africa to the Americas switched off. People across the world from all walks of life turned off their lights and came together in celebration and contemplation of the one thing we all have in common--our planet.   Earth Hour will continue to be a call to action to every individual, a call to stand up, to take responsibility and lead the global journey to a sustainable   future. \n Answer: To support WWF's work.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of Earth Hour?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f627cb7dbbd24eb692673c66530d9dc9",
            "input": "Article: Coffee experts are willing to pay large sums of money for high-quality coffee beans. The high-end beans, such as Kona or Blue Mountain, are known to cost extraordinary sums of money. Then there is Kopi Lowak (translated as \"Civet Coffee\"), the world's most expensive coffee, which sells for as much as US $50 per quarter-pound. This isn't particularly surprising, because approximately 500 pounds a year of Kopi Lowak make up the entire world supply. What is surprising is why this particular coffee is so rare. In fact, it's not the plants that are rare. It's the civet droppings. That's right, the civet droppings--the body waste of the palm civet. Coffee beans aren't Kopi Lowak until they've been digested  and come out in the body waste of the palm civet. Palm civets are tree-dwelling, raccoon-like little animals, native to Southeast Asia and the Indonesian islands. They also have a love for coffee cherries. According to Kopi Lowak suppliers, palm civets eat the fruit whole, but only digest the outer fruit, leaving the beans intact . While the beans are not destroyed, they undergo a transformation in the animal's body. A chemical substance in the digestive system of the palm civet causes some changes to the beans to give them a unique flavor . However, this is not the only explanation why coffee beans retrieved from civet droppings have a special flavor all their own. Another possible reason is that palm civets have an unfailing instinct for picking the coffee cherries at the peak of their ripeness. Kopi Lowak is reported to have a character in taste unlike any other coffee, complex with caramel undertones and an earthy flavor. Currently, most of the world's supply of Kopi Lowak is sold in Japan, though a few US markets are also starting to stock up on Kopi Lowak. \n Answer: There is a very limited supply of the beans.",
            "output": [
                "Why is Kopi Lowak expensive?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c27ac55b17414aca8286c0c0ca3501c5",
            "input": "Article: The end of my sophomore year was approaching.Mom called me at the dorm one evening during the last week of May.My summer break would be spent with grandma and grandpa, helping out around their farm.The arrangement made good sense to all the family.I wasn't fully convinced of that myself but guessed it was just one summer.Next year would be my little brother's turn. I arrived late that afternoon.Grandma had fixed more food than the three of us could possibly eat.She loved me entirely too much.The next morning, Grandpa fixed breakfast for the two of us. He told me Grandma had tired herself out yesterday and was going to rest in bed a little longer.I made a mental note to myself to not ask her to do things for me while I was there.I was there to help, not be a burden.               Weeks passed.I gradually settled into a routine of daily work with Grandpa.In the evenings I usually read or talked with Grandma.She never grew tired of hearing about college or anything I was involved in.She told me stories about her childhood, family and the early years after she and Grandpa had married.               The last Saturday in June, Grandpa suggested going fishing.We hadn't expected what we saw when we got to the pond that morning: One of the swans was dead.Grandpa had given the pair of swans to Grandma on their 50th anniversary.\"Why don't we see about buying another one,\" I suggested, hoping the situation could somehow be righted.Grandpa thought for a few moments before answering.               He finally said, \"no...it's not that easy, Bruce.You see, swans mate for life.\" He raised his finger to point, holding the fishing pole in his other hand.\"There's nothing we can do for the one that's left.He has to work it out for himself.\" A few days later, we drove by the pond while doing our morning check on the cows.We found the other swan lying near the same spot we had found the first one.It, too, was dead.               The month of July started with me and Grandpa putting up a new stretch of fence.Then July 12 came.That was the day Grandma passed away.Grandma had died suddenly that morning of a stroke.By the afternoon, my parents were there.The old house was soon crowded with  s and Grandpa's friends.               The funeral was held the next day.Grandpa had insisted on having it as soon as possible.On the second day after the funeral, Grandpa announced at the breakfast table, \"This is a working farm. We have a lot of things to do.The rest of you should get back to your own lives.\" Most of the family had already left, but this was Grandpa's way of telling the rest it was time for them to go home.My parents were the last to leave after lunch.               Grandpa was not a man who could outwardly express his grief around others, and we all worried about him.The rest of the summer flowed by.We stayed busy working.I thought there was something different about Grandpa but couldn't quite put my finger on it.               September was nearing, and part of me did not want to leave.I thought of skipping the fall semester and staying around a few more months.When I mentioned it, grandpa quickly told me that my place was back at college. The day finally came for me to pack my car and leave. I shock his hand and chanced a hug. As I drove down the driveway, I saw him in the rear view mirror.He waved to me and then walked to the pasture gate to start the morning livestock check.               Mom called me at school on a stormy October day to tell me Grandpa had died.A neighbor had stopped by that morning for coffee and found him in the kitchen.He died of a stroke, the same as Grandma.At that moment, I understood what he'd clumsily tried to explain to me about the swan on that morning we fished together by the pond. \n Answer: Another swan should be bought in place of the dead one.",
            "output": [
                "What did the writer think at the sight of the first dead swan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c6c9aae78c94a069ca97ef1eee5ae96",
            "input": "Article: Much of the world does have electricity, though, and electricity makes using the Internet possible. Now that so many have Web access, you might have noticed that people don't write letters to each other very often. But that doesn't mean they have stopped keeping in touch. \"Key pals,\" who use a computer keyboard and e-mail account instead of a pen and paper, still continue the pen pal tradition today. E-mail and handwritten letters have different advantages. With e-mail, your pen pal can receive your note almost instantly , and you can attach digital photos. Letters take longer to arrive, but you can include stickers, pictures, or drawings. Maybe you want to know more about what having a pen pal is like before you jump into the experience. If so, there are plenty of books that can give you a taste of different pen pal adventures. Look for them at a bookstore or library. There are things to remember when communication with pen pals, especially in the digital age: Make sure to share all letters and e-mails with your parents so they know you are safe. If something seems  _ , stop writing letters. Never meet a pen pal in person unless a grown-up is with you. And, of course, have fun! Your pen pal could become your new best friend. Or a pen pal relationship could bring you closer to someone you already know. With a pen pal, you can have your own taste of far-away places, someone to share your own discoveries with, and the adventure of opening your mailbox to find a letter in it just for you. \n Answer: Because many of their letters don't reach their pen pals on time.",
            "output": [
                "Why don't people write letters to their pen pals so often?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8a68de89827849bbae9d1c5bd41ad1f6",
            "input": "Article: When you want to find a job, you have to face the employer and you must know how to introduce yourself well. Then you will be lucky enough. The first impressions can play a major role in how an employer like you as a candidate . What you say during the first step of the interview may make a big difference. In fact, some hiring managers may make a decision to refuse a candidate based on what they didn't do when you met them. That's why it's important to pay attention to interview manners and to carefully think through how you will introduce yourself during a job interview. When arriving at the interview site you can introduce yourself to the receptionist   by giving your name and telling the purpose of your visit. For example: \"My name is Tim Jones and I have an interview scheduled with John Smith at 2 pm.\" You will be guided into the interview room or the hiring manager will come out to meet you in the reception area. Again, take the time to introduce yourself so the interviewer knows who you are. Offer to shake hands, even if the interviewer doesn't offer his hand first. Tell the interviewer that it is a pleasure to meet him. Smile, and be sure to make eye contact. Many hiring managers will start an interview with an open-ended question like \"Tell me about yourself.\" Your response should focus on the key elements in your background. You should carefully analyze the job first to the interviewer, and you can point out the interests, skills, experiences, and personal qualities. Your introduction should be brief enough to hold the interest of the interviewer so that you can move on to the next question. Your goal is to connect personally with the interviewer as well as to show that you're qualified for the job. Of course, your comments should show your enthusiasm for the job and organization. However, don't overdo it and don't spend too much time talking about yourself. \n Answer: To tell candidates how to introduce themselves when finding a job.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the author to write this passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f1006b2758b1484ead84141c57ef35c4",
            "input": "Article: Sports News of the Week Bolt regains 100m title in Moscow Last updated: Mon, Aug-12-2013, 08:54 USAIN BOLT of Jamaica won the men's 100 meters final during the IAAF World Athletics Championships in Moscow on Sunday. Usain Bolt was made to look human by a combination of a Russian rainstorm and a fired-up Justin Gatlin on Sunday but the Jamaican superstar was still good enough to regain his world 100 meters title in a surging 9.77 seconds. With former world and Olympic champion and twice-banned doper Gatlin leading at halfway, Bolt was forced to race a rival, rather than the clock. Jason Dufner wins PGA Championship Last Updated: Monday, August 12, 2013, 10:38 Jason Dufner won his first major title at the 95th PGA Championship, the top U.S. golf competition, seizing an early lead on Sunday at Oak Hill, Texas and holding on for victory despite a bogey-bogey finish. The 36-year-old American, who squandered a four-shot lead with four holes to play in losing the 2011 PGA Championship, fired a final-round two-under par 68 to finish on 10-under par 270 for 72 holes. Isinbaeva leads harvest day for host Russia at Moscow worlds Last updated: WeD.August 14, 2013, 10:35 Russia's \"pole vault queen\" Elena Isinbaeva ignited the Luzhniki stadium as she claimed her third world title on the fourth day of the 2013 IAAF World Championships here on Tuesday, which saw host Russia harvested two gold and one silver medals in seven finals, Ireland's Heffernan wins world walk title at 35 Last Updated: Wednesday, August 14,2013,15:15 Ireland's Robert Heffernan won the world championship 50km walk title on Wednesday as the 35-year-old finally tasted glory after 13 years of heartbreak and near-misses. Heffernan, fourth in the 2012 Olympic 50km and fourth in both walks at last year's European championships, broke clear of Mikhail Ryzhov after 35km to deny Russia a clean sweep of the walks after they took gold in both 20km events earlier in the week. \n Answer: August 11.",
            "output": [
                "When did Bolt regain the men's 100 meters final?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0be5eea1918c4a54ae1772a4c04981f4",
            "input": "Article: Kindergarten outside? Yes, indeed. It's part of a growing worldwide trend toward outdoor education. The schools are called forest kindergartens. The numbers are small so far in the U.S., but the idea is well established in Europe, with schools in Scotland, England, and Switzerland. By far the most such schools are in Germany, which has more than 400 forest kindergartens. Some schools feature several hours of outdoor schooling. This is certainly the case with the Waldorf School of Saratoga Springs. Children there will be venturing out on the nearby Hemlock Trail to learn more about the natural world. Some lessons are focused on nature; others are academic topics delivered in a natural setting. In all cases, students are active-not sitting at desks or on mats on the floor but walking, running, jumping, solving problems like how to get the mud off the bottoms of their shoes before their parents find out. Seriously, the focus is on activity at these schools. Studies have shown that children's immune systems actually get stronger after all of the outdoor activity, and that graduates of forest kindergartens show a higher ability to learn when they progress through their academic careers. Other schools are all outdoors, all the time. This is the case with the Cedar Song Nature School, on Vashon Island, Washington. Students at this school spend their whole three-hour day outdoors, in a private five-acre forest, doing all kinds of physical activities. At these forest kindergartens, students learn science by observing and doing it, learn math by applying it to the natural world around them, learn letters and words by putting them together using sights and sounds. These students learn how to get along with one another, individually and in a group. They also develop healthy levels of self-confidence. Nowadays many children become obese  because of sedentary  activities like watching television and playing video games. These outdoor schools give children chances to learn just as much, if not more, from opening their eyes to the real world around them. \n Answer: They are very popular in Germany.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about forest kindergartens?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cea9b03ef618492583bb959a3f25f4c0",
            "input": "Article: Every baby born a decade from now will have its genetic code   mapped at birth, the head of the worlds' leading genome sequencing   company has predicted. A complete DNA read - out for every newborn will be technically possible and affordable in less than five years, promising a revolution in healthcare, says Jay Flatley, the chief executive of Illumina. Only social and legal problems are likely to delay the age of \"genome sequences,\" or genetic profiles. By 2019 it will have become routine to map infants' genes when they are born, Dr Flatly told The Times. This will open a new approach to medicine, by which conditions such as high blood pressure and heart disease can be predicted and prevented and drugs used more safely and effectively. A baby's genome can be discovered at birth by a blood test. By examining a person's genome, it is possible to identify raised risks of developing diseases such as cancers. Those at high risk can then be screened more regularly, or given drugs or dietary advice to lower their chances of becoming ill.  Personal genomes could also be used to ensure that patients get the medicine that is most likely to work for them and least likely to have side-effects. The development, however, will raise legal concerns about privacy and access to individuals' genetic records. \"Bad things can be done with the genome. It could predict something about someone - and you could possibly hand the information to their employer or their insurance company.\" said Dr Flatley. \"People have to recognize that  _ , and that your genome probably can't be protected, because everywhere you go you leave your genome behind. Complete genetic privacy, however, is unlikely to be possible\", he added. As the benefits become clearer, however, he believes that most people will want their genomes read and interpreted. The risk is nothing compared with the gain. \n Answer: Doubtful.",
            "output": [
                "What's Dr Flatley's attitude towards the technology?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-52b32a8a3efa49d3a31c15888593e4ac",
            "input": "Article: Four years ago, English soccer player Jamie Vardy was a complete unknown. At age 24, he was a part-time player for the Stockbridge Park Steels, earning only PS30 (293 yuan) a week. Fast forward to 2015, Vardy is Leicester City's star striker and only the second player in the history of the Premier League to score in eleven matches in a row. Now 28, Vardy has gone from an underdog to a superstar. Even he is surprised by his sudden rise to fame. \"I didn't expect it to happen in a million years, to be honest with you,\" he told The Telegraph. His career started with rejection. His local soccer club Sheffield Wednesday let Vardy go at age 16, believing him to be too small to play professionally. Then he found a part-time job at Stockbridge Park Steels, a soccer team in a lower league. He trained two evenings a week after working in a carbon fiber factory. Vardy lived like this until 2010. His story is an unusual one, especially because of the highly competitive nature of European soccer. It is often said that if a player can't get a professional contract   by his early 20s, he will never be a star. Many of today's soccer stars were successful at a young age. Lionel Messi was named FIFA World Player of the Year at the age of 22. A 23-year-old, Neymar, is a star in the Barcelona team. But Vardy's late start didn't stop him from dreaming of greatness. \"The secret's just lots and lots of hard work and the motivation that is exactly what I want to be doing,\" Vardy told The Telegraph. \"It's putting it all into the practice on the training field.\" \n Answer: Vardy has scored eleven goals in the year 2015.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-23939caa125940b4a6329d08e3cafa91",
            "input": "Article: Living in a culture that is different from your own can be both an exciting and challenging experience. The following are six cultural differences between China and the US to help promote mutual understanding.                Chinese people do not have the same concept of privacy as Americans do. They talk about topics such as ages, income or marital status, which Americans think is annoying and disturbing. Family  In China, elders are traditionally treated with great respect while the young are cared for. In America, the goal of the family is to encourage independence, particularly that of the children. Unlike the Chinese, older Americans seldom live with their children. Friends Chinese people have different meanings to define friends. Just hanging out together time to time is not friendship. Friendship means lifelong friends who feel it deeply necessary to give each other whatever help might seem required. Americans always call people they meet friends, so the definition of friends is general and different. There are work friends, playing friends, school friends and drinking friends. Money As is well known,the Chinese like to save. They are always conservative when they are planning to spend money. It is different in the US, where far fewer families are saving money for emergencies and education than their Chinese counterparts  Education Chinese people value education and career more than Americans, who in turn put more emphasis on good character and faith. Team VS Individual Basically China values the community and the US values the individual. If you achieve something in the US, it's because you are great. While in China, if you achieve something it's because the team, or family, or company is great. Everything you do gets attributed to the greater whole, while in America individual merits  are celebrated. \n Answer: Privacy",
            "output": [
                "Which is the most appropriate word to show the first cultural difference ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7ad43ff223ea42a3ab67df109cc2aca1",
            "input": "Article: Camping is one of the most popular forms of outdoor activities. Now, most people are under too much pressure and like going outdoors to relax. Other activities like hunting and fishing, are often connected with camping trips. It's also a good idea to spend time camping with your family during a holiday. That will help you create some of the best memories with the family. Here are some things you have to consider while planning your camping trip. The first thing that you need to think about is deciding the camping destination. For most people who like camping, the best place to choose is the spot that they haven't visited before. As soon as you get to your destination, there will be a lot you will have to do, such as putting up your tent. Of course, food is another necessary factor to be considered. You'd better carry some convenient food like biscuits, nuts and boiled eggs. When all the things are done, fun activities should be planned. It's a good chance for you to spend time with your family. Lots of open space is perfect when you want to do something as simple as letting your kids ride their bicycles. If your kids are old enough, activities like fishing and horse-riding are also good to choose. These are a few ideas about having fun camping. Once you get ready for it, you don't need to worry about anything. Go ahead and be a happy camper. \n Answer: For relaxing",
            "output": [
                "What do people go camping for according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a9c9c19fd5a4445bd65f3294590513a",
            "input": "Article: Although in the 17th century in the United States fine art and folk art had similar qualities, a difference between them began to appear as time went on in the 18th and 19th centuries artists with ambition studied abroad and came back to paint portraits  of upper-class families in American society. The less ambitious or less fortunate artists traveled around their own areas and created pictures of countryside society. Anyway, artists got trained and those simple creations improved a lot. Around 1930,folk art began to take on a new meaning and was considered as an expression of a small cultural class. Folk art is never the product of art movements, but comes out of craft traditions. This art is based not on measurements or calculations and rarely goes with the standards of realism. It goes straight to the bases of art which the folk artists feel naturally. The period 1930~ 1960 was the time when folk artists began to receive recognition. They often began their art careers late in life and used art as an outlet  for their energy. Their materials were cheap and simple, their subjects were different, but their creativity flowed. Doing their own things became the norm , and was what made folk art so desirable. Although it is hard to define folk art, one thing is certain --- it touches us in a special way because the artists show us how he or she brought beauty into their everyday life. Since folk artists come from all walks of life, each piece of art created is one of a kind, emphasizing color, simplicity of line and brave, simple form. Most importantly, it exemplifies(...) the history of American life. \n Answer: They were both simple creations.",
            "output": [
                "What similar qualities did folk art and fine art probably have in the 17th century?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-92ff23caadb2420c9d62c68a72a4c659",
            "input": "Article: Doctor Mason has held a clinic for ten years. He is an expert doctor. He usually gets up at 7:00 a.m. and commutes to work by subway. It's always very crowded with people and he tries to keep his distance from them. In the winter he notices the stress on the faces of the commuters and knows that some of these people will come to him for advice. He always solves their problems and returns to the comfort of his home a satisfied man. Martin is a gifted artist. He knows that he has an unusual occupation , but he actually treats it as a disciplined career. He gets up at the same time every day and works for nine hours with a break for lunch. His new project uses metal but his designs use pencil and paper. In nine months' time, his work will be on display outside the local library, and he will be very proud of it. \n Answer: underground",
            "output": [
                "What kind of transportation does Doctor Mason usually take?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d938db7c909e4afda6c0ced6726b8d0c",
            "input": "Article: The morning for our snowmobiling   adventure finally arrived, and we set off on the hour-and-a-half drive to the resort . A fresh powder had fallen the night before, and everything was frosted white. We couldn't have asked for more perfect conditions. The sun sparkled on the snow, and the trails   were completely empty - not another person or snowmobile in sight. We were thrilled at being the only people for miles around until we got going. As we drove through the deserted wilderness, my excitement became stone-cold fear. I had no idea what I was afraid of, or why I was afraid, but suddenly every turn, every hill, every steep   side of the mountain frightened me to death. I kept imagine us crashing headlong into a tree or falling off the side of a drop. But after lunch things changed. We were the only humans who had been there since the snowfall. The peaceful place, the incredible beauty of the landscape, and the almost sacred experience of sharing a mountain with the wildlife touched my very core  .  My mind cleared and quieted and my muscles relaxed. As we drove the last leg of the run, I began to _ being afraid to drive. Deep down, I wanted to be in charge of the thing that scared me. It made me angry that fear was keeping me from something I really wanted to do. The day was coming to an end, and the resort was only a few miles away. I knew that if I didn't take my chance now, I would regret it. I signaled for my husband to pull over. I wanted to drive, although my heart pounded  . I started off slowly and felt the wind in my face. I smiled and sped up a little. With a \"Yee-haw!\" I went full out, taking my husband on the best ride of the day. We ended the day on that breathless, carefree note, and I felt proud of myself - proud of overcoming my fear. \n Answer: The author didn't get worried until they started to drive through the deserted wild.",
            "output": [
                "What can be concluded from the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e6deca402a894ba6a134cfbdff83138a",
            "input": "Article: Su Hua is studying at Cambridge, UK. She has bought a bicycle and is worried about security. Her friend, Kate, found this article and sent it to her. www.zxxk.com Introduction A lot of crime is against bicycles. About 150,000 bicycles are stolen every year and most are never found. You can prevent this happening by following a few careful steps. Basic Security Do not leave your bicycle in out-of-the-way places. Always lock your bicycle when you leave. Secure it to lampposts or trees. Take off smaller parts and take them with you, for example lights and saddles . Locks Get a good lock. There are many different types in the shop. Buy one that has been tested against attack. Ask for a recommendation from a bike shop. Marking Security marking your bike can act as a deterrent  to a thief. It can also help the police find your bicycle. It should be clearly written and include your postcode and your house or flat number. This will provide a simple way to identify your bicycle. Registration There are a number of companies who will mark your bicycle for you. They will then put your registration number and personal details on their computer database. Then if your bicycle is found it will be easy to contact you. Finally Keep a record of the bicycle yourself: its make, model and registration number. You can even take a photograph of it, this will prove the bicycle belongs to you. \n Answer: Basic Security",
            "output": [
                "Which part of the article gives you information on how to lock up your bicycle when you leave it?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2a13a33db5c249dbabcc5b4969a640f9",
            "input": "Article: Sometimes people give us nicknames   in order to be mean or make fun of us, which can really hurt. Four eyes. Metal Mouth. Dumbo, Slow Poke, Crater Face. We've all heard kids calling unpleasant nicknames like these. Maybe you've even used similar nicknames on other kids, or been stuck with one yourself. A playground  _ or cut usually disappears after a couple of days, but the pain and anger coming from being called a cruel nickname can last a lot longer than that. If you've ever picked on another kid by making up or using a tease nickname, or of you've ever been on the receiving end of one, you know that names like Fatso, Smelly, and Short Stuff can be very hurtful. Plus, they have a habit of sticking to us like glue! People use negative nicknames as a way of keeping someone out of a group of gaining power over someone, or of making themselves feel more important. You may know a kid in your class who always comes up with nicknames for the other kids. This student likes to feel cool by acting like the official \"nicknamer.\" This can give a student a feeling of power, but that power comes at the cost of making other kids feel bad. Kids who give others hurtful nicknames are often trying to cover up the fact that they really feel bad about themselves.  Like other kinds of insults , a cruel nickname can be used to make a kid feel being left out or angry. Sometimes they're even nastier than most ways of being mean, because they can be so hard to shake off. \n Answer: Hurtful nicknames",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cf3ed976558f42b2ab9bf8e577ed8ed9",
            "input": "Article: Since Henry Ford turned it into a mass-market product a century ago, the car has delivered many benefits. It has promoted economic growth, increased social mobility and given people a lot of fun. But the car has also brought many problems. It pollutes the air, creates traffic jams and kills people. An astonishing 1.24 million people die, and as many as 50 million are hurt, in road accidents each year. Drivers and passengers waste around 90 billion hours in traffic jams each year. In some car-choked cities as much as a third of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park. Fortunately, a new technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and less tendency to hold-ups. \"Connected cars\"--which may eventually develop into driverless cars but for the foreseeable future will still have a human at the wheel-can communicate wirelessly with each other and with traffic-management systems, avoid walkers and other vehicles and find open parking spots. Some parts of the transformation are already in place. Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distance and stay in a motorway automatically at a range of speeds. Soon, all new cars in Europe will have to be able to warn the emergency services if their on-board sensors  discover a crash. Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls  to smooth traffic flows during rush-hours; Britain is pioneering \"smart motorways\", whose speed limits vary constantly to achieve _ . Combined, these new inventions could create a much more highly effective system in which cars and their drivers are constantly warned of dangers and showed the ways, traffic always flows at the proper speed and vehicles can travel closer together, yet with less risk of crashing. In the past, more people driving meant more roads, more jams, more death and more pollution. In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain. \n Answer: Disappointed.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's attitude towards connected cars?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-20c2e8db57cb4377b7f2280402624a39",
            "input": "Article: Teens naturally ask parents for money for material things and entertainment.But as the need becomes more frequent, why not get a job so you can earn your own money? Working for your own money will give you a sense of accomplishment and the satisfaction of a job well done. Babysitting is a suitable job for teens.They are best suited as a mother's helper while the mother is working in another part of the house.Babysitting is not a job for girls alone.Boy babysitters are popular with families of boys.Parents rely on friends and neighbors' recommendations.Word of mouth is your best form of advertising. Pet-sitting involves caring for people's pets while the owners are on vacation or away for the day.A pet-sitter will be responsible for giving fresh food and water, walking dogs arid cleaning out cat litter boxes.Although the pet-sitter does not spend the night, he is there often enough to bring in the mail, water plants and take the garbage out.Create a flyer with your name, prices and references, and pass it out to the families in your neighborhood.. Yard work can be a seasonal job.Spring cleanup is needed for flower beds and preparing the yard for summer.Summer is the busiest time for yard work with lawn mowing  , edging and trimming   bushes.Fall is the time for sweeping leaves and planting seeds for spring.If you live in a northern climate, there may be snow that needs shoveling. Odd jobs can mean a variety of things, including painting, washing the pet, weeding the garden, cleaning out the basement, or helping to serve dinner at a party.Doing odd jobs may be a good match for someone with a busy schedule.Most odd jobs only take a few hours to complete.               For more information, please click here. \n Answer: To ask people to provide jobs for teens.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main purpose of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72b668e6df444ab4954b656a7367ff3b",
            "input": "Article: Coming my way from across the parking lot was what society would consider a  _ .From the looks of him, he had no car, no home, no clean clothes, and no money.There are times when you feel generous but there are other times that you just don't want to be bothered.This was one of those \"don't want to be bothered times\". \" I hope he doesn't ask me for any money,\" I thought. He didn't.He came and sat on the edge of the pavement in front of the bus stop but he didn't look like he could have enough money to even ride the bus.After a few minutes he spoke. \"That's a very pretty car,\" he said. He was in rags but he had an air of dignity around him.His badly-grown blond beard kept more than his face warm. I said, \"thanks,\" and continued wiping off my car.He sat there quietly as I worked.The expected plea  for money never came.As the silence between us widened, something inside said, \"ask him if he needs any help.\" I was sure that he would say \"yes\" but I held true to the inner voice.         \"Do you need any help?\" I asked. He answered in three simple words that I shall never forget.We often look for wisdom in great men and women.We expect it from those of higher learning and achievements.I expected nothing but an outstretched dirty hand.He spoke the three words that shook me.         \"Don't we all?\" he said. \n Answer: Because he wanted to pick up his wife.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer parked his car before the mall?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7ae4b140612d484c916813fdd0124604",
            "input": "Article: A new report says promising children money to pass exams does not help exam grades. The report says parents could be wasting their money by using cash to get their kids to study more. However, the promise of a trip somewhere nice could encourage students to try harder and do better at school. Researchers from the University of Bristol (in England) and the University of Chicago (in the USA) looked at how promises of cash and tickets to events affected students' studying and learning. Over 10,000 pupils took part in the research throughout the year 2012. There was an improvement in classwork and homework, but this did not result in better test scores. Lead researcher Dr Simon Burgess suggested the research looked at the wrong areas. He said it had not looked at the things that really got students to increase their effort. He added that: \"Clearly, some pupils have a lot of goals and believe that education is a way of getting what they want out of life, but there are kids who think that working hard doesn't make a difference.\" He said these children think exam success is \"all in your genes\" because of their family background. Education expert Dr Kevan Collins said good teachers were better than promises of rewards to get children to study, especially for children from low-income families. He wrote: \"What really makes the difference is how students are taught.\" \n Answer: trips",
            "output": [
                "What can encourage students to study more?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e00a22181383427691df46cf9ef54ea1",
            "input": "Article: Would you believe that the first outstanding deaf teacher in America was a Frenchman? His name was Laurent Clerc. He became a friend of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and together they founded America's first school for the deaf. Laurent Clerc was born in a small village near Lyons, France, on December 26, 1785. When he was one year old, he fell into a fire, losing both his hearing and his sense of smell. At 12, Laurent entered the Royal Institution for the Deaf in Paris where he did well in his studies. After he graduated, the school asked him to stay on as an assistant teacher. Meanwhile, in America, Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet was studying to be a minister. He was very concerned about the lack of educational opportunities for the deaf. Therefore, in 1815, Gallaudet sailed to London, England to seek ideas on how to teach deaf people. While he was there, he met a French educator of the deaf who invited him to go to Paris to spend three months learning at the Royal Institution for the Deaf, the school where Laurent Clerc was teaching. Gallaudet accepted the offer. The two worked and studied well together. When the time came for Gallaudet to return, he asked Clerc to come with him. Clerc accepted on one condition: that he would stay in America only a short time. The two men set sail on June 18, 1816. The voyage across the Atlantic Ocean took 52 days; however, Clerc and Gallaudet put the time to good use. Clerc studied English, and Gallaudet studied sign language. They discussed the school for the deaf which they planned to open. On the long trip, they had many conversations about education and deafness. The year after they arrived, they founded a school for the deaf in Harford, Connecticut. At the school, Clerc led a busy life. He taught signs to Principal Gallaudet; he taught the pupils; and he taught hearing men who came to the school to study deaf education. In 1819, Clerc married Eliza Crocker Boardman, one of his pupils. They had six children. He retired from teaching in 1858. Although he had intended to return to France, he never did. He died on July 18, 1869 in the United States. \n Answer: He wanted to marry Alice Cogswell.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet sail to London?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e0f55ddb575c4b4d8cca8a1bb00cab50",
            "input": "Article: There are rolling hills and ivy-covered brick buildings. There are small classrooms, high-tech labs, and green fields. There's even a clock tower with a massive bell that rings for special events. Cushing Academy has all the characteristics of a New England school, with one exception. This year, after having had a collection of more than 20,000 books, officials have decided the 144-year-old school no longer needs a traditional library. They have decided to give away all their books. The future, they believe, is digital. \"When I look at books, I see an outdated technology,\" said James Tracy, headmaster of Cushing. \"We're not discouraging students from reading. We see this as a natural way to shape emerging trends and use technology. Instead of a traditional library, we're building a virtual library where students will have access to millions of books on the computer. We see this as a model for the 21st-century school.\"  _ . Liz Vezina, a librarian at Cushing for 17 years, said she never imagined working as the director of a library without any books. \"It makes me mad,\" said Vezina, who has made a career of introducing students to books. \"I'm going to miss them, and there's something lost when they are done on a computer. There's sensual side to them -- the smell, the feel, the physicality of a book is something really special.\" Cushing is one of the first schools in the country to give up its books. William Powers, author of a book called the changes at Cushing \"radical \" and \"a huge loss for students\". \"There are modes of learning and thinking that at the moment are only available from actual books,\" he said. \"There is a kind of deep-dive reading that's almost impossible to do on a screen. Without books, students are more likely to do the quick reading that screens enable, rather than be by themselves with the author's ideas.\" \n Answer: There is a clock tower with a big bell.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about Cushing Academy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3627341e824443e380ad91c212015622",
            "input": "Article: Below are descriptions of six famous states in the U. S. California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is the most populous U.S. state and was admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850.California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east. Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually. The California Gold Rush happened in San Francisco and there is also a famous Silicon Valley. Hollywood exists in Los Angeles, making it the center of entertainment. \"The Golden State\" has long been a popular designation for California and was made the official State Nickname in 1968. Florida is a state in the southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Miami is the largest metropolitan area in the southeastern United States.The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. Its economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation. Florida is also known for its amusement parks, the production of oranges, and the Kennedy Space Center. Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, and water sports. Utah is a state in the Western United States. It became the 45th state admitted to the Union on January 4, 1896. Utah is the most religiously homogeneous state in the Union. Approximately 63% of Utahans are reported to be members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or LDS, which greatly influences Utah culture and daily life. The state is a center of transportation, education, information technology and research, government services, mining, and a major tourist destination for outdoor recreation. Texas is the second most populous and the second-largest of the 50 states in the United States of America. Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth-largest in the United States. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify Texas as a former independent republic and as a reminder of the state's struggle for independence from Mexico. The \"Lone Star\" can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal today. The term \"six flags over Texas\" came from the several nations that had ruled over the territory. In 1845 it joined the United States as the 28th state. One Texas industry that thrived after the Civil War was cattle. Due to its long history as a center of the industry, Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy. Virginia, is a U.S. state located in the South Atlantic region of the United States. Virginia is nicknamed the \"Old Dominion\" and the \"Mother of Presidents\" after the eight U.S. presidents born there. It is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginia's economy has many sectors: agriculture in the Shenandoah Valley; federal agencies in Northern Virginia, including the headquarters of the Department of Defense and CIA; and military facilities in Hampton Roads, the site of the region's main seaport. Virginia's public schools and many colleges and universities have contributed to growing media and technology sectors. As a result, computer chips have become the state's leading export. Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States. In 1792 it became the 15th state to join the Union. Kentucky is known as the \"Bluegrass State\", a nickname based on the bluegrass found in many of its pastures because of the fertile soil. It is a land with diverse environments and abundant resources, including the world's longest cave system, Mammoth Cave National Park, the greatest length of navigable waterways and streams in the contiguous United States, and the two largest man-made lakes east of the Mississippi River.Kentucky is also home to the highest per capita number of deer and turkey in the United States. \n Answer: California, because of the gold rush.",
            "output": [
                "Which state is called the \"golden state\" and why?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-982bfb73b56d43da9214e5ba7e4fd16b",
            "input": "Article: Nearly a quarter-century after a German boy threw a message in a bottle off a ship in the Baltic Sea, he's received an answer. A 13-year-old Russian, Daniil Korotkikh, was walking with his parents on a beach when he saw something lying in the sand. \"I saw that bottle and it looked interesting,\" Korotkikh told The Associated Press on Tuesday. \"it looked like a German beer bottle and there was a message inside. \" It said, \"My name is Frank, and I'm five years old. My dad and I are traveling on a ship to Denmark. If you find this letter, please write back to me, and I will write back to you.\" The letter, dated 1987, included an address in the town of Coesfeld. The boy in the letter, Frank Uesbeck, is now 29. His parents still live at the letter's address. The Russian boy and the German man met each other earlier this month through an internet video link. The Russian boy said he did not believe that the bottle actually spent 24 years in the sea. He believed it had been hidden under the sand where he found it for a long time. Uesbeck was especially happy that he was able to have a positive effect on a life of a young person far away from Germany. \"It's really a wonderful story,\" he said. \"And who knows? Perhaps one day we will actually be able to arrange a meeting in person. \" \n Answer: Meeting an old friend.",
            "output": [
                "What is this passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d988e37593749dd9f32bb276b12c242",
            "input": "Article: \"A good book for children should simply be a good book in its own right\" says Mollie Hunter. Born and brought up near Edinburgh,Mollie has devoted her talents to writing primarily for young people. She firmly believes that there is and should always be a wider audience for any good book whatever its main market is. In Mollie's opinion it is necessary to make full use of language and she enjoys telling a story,which is what every writer should be doing. \"If you aren't telling a story, you're a very dead writer indeed.\" She says. With the chief function of a writer being to entertain,Mollie is indeed an entertainer. \"I have this great love of not only the meaning of language but of the music of language,\" she says. \"This love goes back to early childhood. I had a school teacher who used to ask us what we would like to be when we grew up and,because my family always had dogs,and I was very good at handling them,I said I wanted to work with dogs,and the teacher always said  'Nonsense,Mollie;dear,you'll be a writer.' So finally I thought that this woman must have something,since she was a good teacher and I decided when I was nine that I would be a writer.\" This childhood intention is described in her novel,A Sound of Chariots,which although written in the third person is clearly autobiographical   and gives a picture both of Mollie's ambition and her struggle towards its achievement. Thoughts of her childhood inevitably   brought thoughts of the time when her home was still a village with buttercup meadows and strawberry fields--sadly now covered with modern houses. \"I was once taken back to see it and I felt that somebody had lain dirty hands all over my childhood. I'll never go back,\"she said \"Never. When I set one of my books in Scotland\" she said \"I can recall my romantic feelings as a child playing in those fields,or watching the village blacksmith at work. And that's important because children now know so much so early that romance can't exist for them, as it did for us.\" \n Answer: It should not aim at a narrow audience.",
            "output": [
                "What does Mollie Hunter feel about the nature of a good book?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c1e4cf141ff7490896f3a39bfbe924f5",
            "input": "Article: My divorce was now final and I needed to find a new home for me and my six-year-old son, Dash. A few days earlier I'd seen an ad. I was willing to try anything, so I contacted the owner, a woman named Camille. When she e-mailed me back I discovered she wasn't renting a house at all. She was renting the attic   apartment. I left her a message calling off our meeting. But Camille called me back and insisted I come over. So here I was. I pulled the car to a stop and looked up at the tiny cottage. The house was small as it was. The attic window looked too tiny to let much light in. We couldn't live in a dark, depressing place. I could make do with almost anything. But Dash needs a good home, a place he really feels safe. No sense in wasting her time or mine. I knocked. The woman who opened the door was small and bright-eyed. She was much older than I'd guessed, but I could see she had the energy of someone half her age. She looked so sympathetic that I found myself wanting to keep talking to her.\"We have to leave our home,\"I explained.\"My marriage ended. I only have a few days to find something else, but I want it to be right.\" Camille nodded.\"You're a good mother. You never know the miracles that await youaround the corner.\"Camille walked me to the door and wished me well. I got back in the car and snapped out of it. I drove off slowly, hoping to make the feeling last. I turned down a side street I didn't recognize. I glanced out of the side window. Just up ahead was a cottage with a sign out in front: for rent. I pulled over. I found the owners had just bought the house themselves and were decorating it, hoping to find the perfect renters. They took me on a tour of the house that was like a copy of my list: a big bedroom for Dash, a backyard with trees, and a great school nearby. The house was meant for us! Camille was right. Miracles await us, just around the corner. \n Answer: Disappointed.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel after receiving Camille's e-mail?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2385f0931bd41d6bf504e48fb2f7f3b",
            "input": "Article: If you are looking for the place that has everything, there's only one place to visit, and that's New York. It's a whole world in a city. The World of Theatre: All of New York is a stage. And it begins with Broadway. Where else can you find so many hit  shows in one place? Only in New York. The World of Music: Spend an evening with Beethoven at Lincoln Centre. Swing to the great jazz of Greenwich Village. Or rock yourself silly at the hottest dance spots found anywhere. The World of Art: From Rembrandt to Picasso. From Egyptian tombs to Indian teepees. Whatever kind of art you like, you'll find in New York. The World of Fine Dining: Whether it's roast Beijing duck in Chinatown, or the finest French coq au vin found anywhere, there's a world of great taste waiting for you in New York. The World of Sights: What other city has a statue of Liberty , a Rocketfeller Centre or a Bronx Zoo? Where else can you take a horse-drawn carriage through Central Park, only in New York. \n Answer: To see the statue of Liberty.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following programme can a visitor have only in New York?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4c83265091ca4356b652642858e94ef1",
            "input": "Article: One day Mr. White gave his wife ten pounds for her birthday -- ten new pound notes. So Mrs. White went out shopping. She waited for a bus, got on it and sat down next to an o1d 1ady. After a while, Mrs. White noticed that the old 1ady's handbag was open. Inside it, she saw a wad of pound notes exactly like the ones her husband had given her. So she quickly looked into her own bag -- the notes had gone! Mrs. White was sure that the o1d lady next to her had stolen them. She immediately thought of calling the police. But as she disliked making a fuss , she decided to take back the money from the old 1ady's hand bag and say nothing about it. She looked around to make sure nobody was watching. Then she carefully put her hand into the o1d lady's bag, took the notes, and put them into her own handbag.      When she got home that evening, Mrs. White showed her husband the beautiful hat she had bought.      \"How did you pay for it?\" Mr. White asked.      \"With the money you gave me for my birthday, of course\" she answered.  \"Oh? What's that, then?\" he asked, as he pointed to a wad of pound notes on the table. \n Answer: For her birthday.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Mr. White give his wife ten pounds?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8602b41eb0594d79a629330a751aef9c",
            "input": "Article: Recently, I came across an interesting article on the differences between British English and American English. I had a lot of fun reading it and thinking of as many differences as I could as an American. Their cars have \"bonnets \",while ours have \"hoods\". They park their cars in a \"car park\" while we leave our in a \"parking lot\". Our \"cookies\" are their \"biscuits\", while their \"rubbers\" are our \"erasers\". Then there are the food words. Would you want to eat something called \"Toad in the Hole\" or \"Bangers and Mash\" or \"Spotted Dick\"? I'm here to report they are all very tasty. There are American equivalents , of course. We've got \"Shoofly Mud Pie\". What they call \"crisps\" is what we call \"potato chips\" and when we ask for \"chips\" in England we will get what we know at home in America as \"French fries\". They find it hysterical that we call the \"toilet\" the \"bathroom\" and they really double over   with laughter when we ask for the \"restroom\". American ladies in England who ask for the \"little girl's room\" or the \"power room\" will be met with blank stares. A \"fag\" is a \"cigarette\" in the UK, which can lead to endless confusion for British visitors looking for a cigarette in America. Americans on the other hand are endlessly confused by English signs put up over doorways saying \"Way Out\". We Americans walk on the sidewalk not the pavement. \"Pavement\" in America is the actual cement the sidewalk is made of. \n Answer: Chips.",
            "output": [
                "What do British people call French fries?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2ecce6ab3fba42bd838b7d012ab82993",
            "input": "Article: The \"Bystander Apathy Effect\" was first studied by researchers in New York after neighbors ignored--and in some cases turned up the volume on their TVs--the cries of a woman as she was murdered (over a half-hour period). With regard to helping those in difficulty generally, they found that: (1) women are helped more than men; (2) men help more than women; (3) attractive women are helped more than unattractive women. Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault, and whether a person sees himself as being able to help. According to Adrian Furnham, Professor of University College, London, there are three reasons why we tend to stand by doing nothing: (1) \"Shifting of responsibility\"-the more people there are, the less likely help is to be given. Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help, so that the more \"other people' there are, the greater the total shifting of responsibility. (2) \"'Fear of making a mistake''-situations are often not clear. People think that those involved in an accident may know each other or it may be a joke, so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves. (3) \"Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you, and the person is violent.\" Laurie Taylor, Professor of Sociology at London University, says: \"In the experiments I've seen on intervention  , much depends on the neighborhood or setting. There is a silence on public transport which is hard to break. We are embarrassed to draw attention to something that is happening, while in a football match, people get involved, and a fight would easily follow. \" Psychotherapist Alan Dupuy identifies the importance of the individual: \"The British as a whole have some difficulty intervening, but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervene, regardless of their own safety: These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals.\" \n Answer: Pretty women are more likely to be helped.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bf345759559746ea93bd28412e417195",
            "input": "Article: The character \"duang\" is so new that it does not even exist in the Chinese dictionary. But it has already spread like wildfire online in China, appearing more than 8 million times on China's micro-blogging site Weibo, where it spawned a top-trending hashtag  that drew 312,000 discussions among 15,000 users. On China's biggest online search engine Baidu, it has been looked up almost 600,000 times. It's been noticed in the West too, with Foreign Policy seeing it as a \"break the internet\" viral meme - like a certain Kirn Kardashian image, or a certain multicoloured dress. But what does it mean? \"Everyone's duang-ing and I still don't know what it means! As if it's back to school for me,\" said Weibo user Weileiweito. Another user asked: \"Have you duang-ed today? My mind is full of duang duang duang.\" \"To duang or not to duang, that is the question,\" wrote user BaiKut automan. \"Duang\" seems to be an example of onomatopoeia , a word that phonetically imitates a sound. It all seems to have started with Hong Kong action star Jackie Chan, who in 2004 was featured in a shampoo commercial where he said famously defended his sleek, black hair using the rhythmical-sounding \"duang\". The word resurfaced again recently after Chan posted it on his Weibo page. Thousands of users then began to flood Chan's Weibo page with comments, coining the word in reference to his infamous shampoo appearance. The word appears to have many different meanings, and there's no perfect translation, but you could use it as an adjective to give emphasis to the word that follows it. A kitten might be \"duang cute\", for example. Or you might be \"very duang confused\" by this blog. For readers of Chinese characters, the Jackie Chan theme is also apparent from the quirky  way in which the word is written: a combination of Chan's Mandarin names. \n Answer: listing numbers",
            "output": [
                "How does the writer try to prove that Duang has already spread like wildfire online in China?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f7789236ca0940fdb605bc753cd363b0",
            "input": "Article: Hayao Miyazaki, the 72-year-old Japanese master of fantasy animation  , one of the most respected animation directors in the world, announced his retirement on September 6, after the recent release of his new film The Wind Rises. Miyazaki's vision  has remained unique throughout his many films over the past thirty years. The worlds he creates--the valley of the wind, the castle in the sky, and so many--are so special, so attractive. Here are some key words about his films. Good and evil   Miyazaki rarely tells stories in simple good and evil. The worlds he creates tend to be complex   and unclear. The bad figures often don't seem so bad once you get to know them. Miyazaki has explained that the lack of clear good and evil is because he sees the 21st century as complex time, in which old ideas need to be re-examined, even in children's films. Children The heroes in Miyazaki's films are usually children or teens, more often young girls. Sometimes they can see the spirit world; they are curious and friendly, even to strange creatures. The stories often deal with growing up. Sky and water Two of Miyazaki's great loves are the sky and water, and he uses them in related ways. Flight is a forever theme--Miyazaki has never done a film without flying of some kind. His imagination seems to fly and leave behind the pull of gravity  , a force and control that he feels a bound   from setting him free. Water is another way for Miyazaki to fight gravity. In his films he likes the unexpected floods with crystal-clear water, and objects floating on the surface seem to be supported by magic. Peace Miyazaki's negative view of the war goes far more than surface deep. Violence is usually seen as wrong and painful, and Miyazaki's heroes are often peacemakers. \n Answer: Children should learn to clearly tell good from evil.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about good and evil from Miyazaki's films?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d84469540d74723950191d41297146b",
            "input": "Article: Most Chinese people expect to relax and enjoy themselves during the Golden Week. But for those trying to go someplace,it may seem more disappointment than pleasure. This year, the severe traffic jam resulted in a roadside wedding. The suffering of being stuck in traffic was possibly most strongly felt by Lv Kangzhou and his bride Yan Mengxia. By tradition, the groom drove early in the morning to the bride's home in Zhejiang province in East China to pick her up along with her family and take them to his family's hometown for the wedding. By 4 p.m., Lv's wedding was 90 minutes away, but his car had not moved an inch for a long time. Lv contacted the local radio to explain his difficult situation and ask for a traffic forecast. The radio host told Lv there was no way he could hold his wedding on time and offered to hold their wedding on the air. At 5:30 p.m., Lv and his bride said their vows on the side of the road while Lv's family and friends witnessed the ceremony while listening to the radio. Lv wasn't the only person stuck in the Golden Week crowds. According to the state news agency Xinhua, 11.7 million people traveled by train Wednesday. It calculated that 120,000 people gathered at Tiananmen Square in Beijing to watch the flag raising ceremony. Last year, the Forbidden City in Beijing hosted 175,000 tourists on a single day during Golden Week, and the number is expecting to be even bigger this year. Chinese internet users routinely complain about the Golden Week holiday every year. As internet user Tuzhi said on Sina Weibo: \"On the Great Wall, I'm holding your hand, but I cannot see your face.\" \n Answer: The cause of the heavy traffic in China during the Golden Week.",
            "output": [
                "What does the text mainly intend to tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cbe435af88a5434883e8a61ed95ba877",
            "input": "Article: Since American students have been introduced into the era of the Massive Open Online Course, the opportunity for cheating appears greater than ever. The all-knowing Google search engine is within easy reach. So how can a teacher handle such a large number of examinees so far away, let alone searching out cheaters taking tests across the Internet? Using technology, of course. While special services via webcam   and cheating detecting software have been developed now, Mettl, an online company, has developed advanced techniques for netting cheaters, which the company claims are even more reliable and easier to use. Whatever small attempt to cheat, he or she will be found out. Mettl has adopted a mass of technologies on its test-taking platform, creating a mini monitoring state in an exam. Here's how it works: A test-taker signs on to Mettl and selects his/her exam from the site's library of pre-loaded tests. Facial and keystroke recognition technology confirm the person that has signed in is the very person, and the system records both the test-taker (through the webcam) and the test-taker's screen throughout the test. Mettl's technology uses the test-taker's webcam to detect how many people are using the computer. Soon, it will track eye movement well enough to sense whether the test-taker is looking away from the screen, perhaps to consult a smart phone or a friend in secret. Mettl also monitors the test-taker's screen and can detect when the test-taker has changed a computer or moved from the test. The system will soon be able to record sound, detecting whether the test-taker is talking or being talked to. If any wrongdoings are detected, the system flags the incident and reports it back to the test's administrator. This can bring any number of things, depending on the test-giver's wishes: a complete shutdown of the exam, a warning message that appears on the test-taker's screen, even human instructions from the control center. Mettl is hoping its technology will help it break into the country's big MOOC markets. \n Answer: By recording the test-takers' behaviors.",
            "output": [
                "How can Mettl help to get rid of cheating online?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cbac8ee1d4d04cbb85df96440491b386",
            "input": "Article: Adrian's \"Amazing Race  started early when his parents realized that he, as a baby, couldn't hear a thing, not even loud noises.In a special school for the hearing.impaired ,  he learned sign language and got to mix with other disabled childRn. However, the sight of all the disabled children communicating with one another upset his mother. She wanted him to lead a normal life. So after speaking to an advisor, she sent him to private classes where he learned to read lips and pronounce words. Later OHg Adrian's paRnts decided to send him to a regular school. But the headmaster tried to prevent them from doing so, saying regular schools couldn-t take care of a special-needs student  His parents were determined to take the risk and push him hard to go through his work every day because they want to prove that, given the opportunity, he could do anything.Adrian made the grade and got accepted.lt was a big challenge. The pace was faster so he had to sit at the front of the class and really pay attention to the teacher, which wasn' t always easy. But he stuck to it and did a lot of extra work after schooL The effort made by Adrian and his parents paid off. Adrian graduated with good grades and got into a top high school. He also achieved a lot in life outside school. He developed a love for the outdoors and went to Nepal to climb mountains. He even entered the World Yacht Race 05/06-being the first hearing-impaired Asian to do so. But none of these achievements would have been possible without one of the most important lessons from his mother. \"If you believe in yourself and work hard, you can achieve great result,  she often said. \n Answer: By using sign language.",
            "output": [
                "How did Adrian communicate with other children in the special school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7d07d2eeda40431e8d37bb353ab9e127",
            "input": "Article: Animals Can Sense Natural Disasters Among the dead in South Asia' s tsunami were many tourists at Sri Lanka' s national wildlife park at Yala. But very few of the park's animals -- elephants, buffaloes, monkeys and wild cats -- appear to have died. There are theories that animals can sense natural disasters and run away to safety. First, it's possible that the animals may have heard the quake before the tsunami hit. The underwater burst produced sound waves known as infrasound . Humans can't hear infrasound, but many animals including dogs, elephants, tigers and pigeons can. A second early warning sign the animals might have sensed is ground vibration . The great quake would have produced vibrational waves known as Rayleigh waves. These vibrations move through the ground like waves moving on the surface of the ocean but faster. They travel at ten times the speed of sound. The Rayleigh waves would have reached Sri Lanka hours before the water hit. Mammals, birds, insects and spiders can sense Rayleigh waves. So the animals at Yala might have felt the Rayleigh waves and then run to higher ground. But what about humans? While we can't hear infrasound, we can feel it, although we don't necessarily know we're feeling it. We also experience Rayleigh waves by special sensors in our joints , which exist just for that purpose. Sadly, it seems we don't pay attention to the information when we get it. Maybe we screen it out because there's so much going on before our eyes and in our ears. \n Answer: Because the animals might have picked up the danger signals and ran away.",
            "output": [
                "Why did few animals at Yala die when the tsunamis that caused a huge number of human deaths hit?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-82c4991326c142f0ba5c7f656a642c28",
            "input": "Article: Many years ago, my dad was diagnosed   with a serious heart disease. He was put on permanent disability, but he still wanted to do something to keep himself busy, so he decided to volunteer at the local children's hospital. My dad loved kids. It was the perfect job for him. He would talk to them and play with them and do arts with them.      One of his kids was a girl with a rare disease that paralyzed   her from the neck down. I don't know the name of the disease, but I do know that it was very sad for a girl around eight or nine years old. She couldn't do anything, and she was very depressed. My dad decided to try to help her. He started visiting her in her room, bringing paints, brushes and paper. He stood the paper up against a backing, put the paintbrush in his mouth and began to paint. He didn't use his hands at all. Only his head would move. He visited her whenever he could and painted for her. All the while he would tell her, \"See, you can do anything you set your mind to.\"      Finally , she began to paint by using her mouth, and she and my dad became friends. Soon after, the little girl was discharged . One day, in the lobby of the hospital, my dad noticed the front doors open and then in came the little girl who had been paralyzed, but this time she was walking. She ran straight over to my dad and hugged him really tight. She gave him a picture she had done using her hands. At the bottom it read: \"Thank you for helping me walk.\"      My dad would cry every time he told us this story and so would we. He would say: \"sometimes love is more powerful than doctors.\" \n Answer: He didn't know he was badly ill.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author's father volunteer at the hospital?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-37fcffd564884bf1986c1745d62bf218",
            "input": "Article: Have you heard of the movie Benji off the Leashf This Benji story7 begins when his mother, a pretty black furry dog, escapes from the puppy mill with Colby, a boy who loves her.He tries to hide her in an abandoned house.The boy' s father discovers her there and takes mother and pups back home to the puppy mill, but leaves Benji behind because he doesn't look purebred   enough to be sold for money.Colby comes back later to rescue the tiny puppy and keeps Benji in his wooden clubhouse, bringing Mom to come to visit him in secret. As Benji grows bigger, it becomes harder to keep him in the clubhouse, and eventually the boy' s father discovers him and Benji is forced to flee to the streets.But despite his fear of Colby' s father, Benji cannot forget about his mother, who is growing steadily weaker and sicker.He continues to sneak back to the puppy mill yard to spy on the goings-on there and plan a way to rescue her. Benji's doggie pal, Scrappy enters the story when he is pushed out of a car into a country lane.Once his paws hit the ground, Scrappy wags his tail once helplessly after the car as it drives away, and then is immediately up to his neck in hapless mischief  . Scrappy is a lovably stupid little dog who barely manages to escape the animal control officers who are determined to catch him. One of the wonderful things about this movie is that the two stars are not highly trained purebred dogs.Both Benji and Scrappy were rescued mixed breed dogs found at local animal shelters.Adorable Benji and his stupid pal, Scrappy, demonstrate that mixed-breed rescue dogs are just as intelligent and trainable as any purebred dog. Benji Off the Leash clearly demonstrates the connection between people who abuse animals and people who abuse people.Colby' s father takes out his anger on those who are weaker than him, namely by frightening his wife and the dogs.He attempts to frighten Colby, but the boy bravely refuses to let him. Children who are used to fast-paced action films with catchy theme songs may not have the patience for the slower pace of this film.But for rescue volunteers, older children, and anyone who loves dogs, this is a heartwarming movie that shows how even in today' s world of deserted dogs and backyard puppy mills, there can still be happy endings for homeless dogs. \n Answer: Two dogs star the movie.",
            "output": [
                "What can be learned from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ee1b4dbd5b7d4bdbb8f5813e30148a88",
            "input": "Article: My children are perfect. All four of them. Perfect and beautiful and clever. I bet yours are, too. Except, of course, they are not. In reality, my children and yours are likely to be reasonably average in terms of looks, behavior, intelligence and charm. That's why it is called average. Your belief in your child being special is more probably a biological thing than a fact. A loved one, particularly a loved child, is edited as we observe them. Other people's children are spoiled; ours are spirited. Theirs are naughty; ours are confident. This is all natural and even touching when not taken too far. However, it is one thing feeding this idea to ourselves but feeding it to our children may be a little less desirable. We have the idea that -- unlike my parents' generation -- we should build our children's self-respect as high as we can. Therefore, their random scribble   is up there with Picasso, their C-minus is an unfortunate oversight on the part of the teacher, and the fact that no one wants to be friends with them is because they are particularly clever or sensitive. Children see through this kind of thing very quickly and ignore their parents' praises as a matter of course. As they grow up, they sense that the wider world judges them differently. This leads to a - hopefully gentle - cynicism   about anything their parents tell them about their achievements. Perhaps that is OK -- but I'm not sure if it is good for them to have the parental praise so overlooked. If parents were a little _ sometimes, this could have two positive effects -- first, when praise came, it would be more likely to be believed and, second, it would fit in rather more accurately with the picture of reality that the child is forming in their heads. A lot of pressure is put on children who are told they are beautiful, special and perfect. Because then, where is there to go? Only downwards. They become too much aware of their status in your eyes, and a danger must be that they fear failing you. To be over-praised by your parents is the counter side of being criticized all the time. Both can have negative consequences. It is important to give your children the freedom to be flawed   -- to know that it's OK to be imperfect, and that, in fact, we often love people for their flaws -- perfect people (whom we can only imagine, as they do not exist) are easy to respect, but hard to love. Now I am nearly 60, my main insight is that I am much less special than I once believed. This knowledge has actually been helpful in leading a more well-balanced life. I certainly wouldn't like to go back to attitudes that my parents, particularly my father, held, that to praise the child was to \"spoil them\" or make them bigheaded. However, the history of families is like the history of everything else -- the story of overreactions. We praise our children to the skies, partly because we think it makes them feel good, but also because it makes us feel good. And perhaps it is more the latter than the former. Too much love can be as big a burden as a shortage of it. My advice is to limit your praise. Then every piece of praise will count, rather than being just ignored. \n Answer: The children's friends.",
            "output": [
                "In some parents' eyes, who is to blame for their children's poor grades at school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b5c3388c9eb4d46a43a664de2807f3d",
            "input": "Article: When you are little, the whole world feels like a big playground.I was living in Conyers, Georgia the summer it all happened.I was a second grader, but my best friend Stephanie was only in the first grade.Both of our parents were at work and most of the time they let us go our own way. It was a hot afternoon and we decided to have an adventure in Stephanie's basement.As I opened the basement door, before us lay the biggest room, full of amazing things like guns, dolls, and old clothes.I ran downstairs, and spotted a red steel can.It was paint.I looked beyond it and there lay even more paint in bright colors like purple, orange, blue and green. \"Stephanie, I just found us a project for the day. Get some paintbrushes.We are fixing to paint.\" She screamed with excitement as I told her of my secret plans and immediately we got to work.We gathered all the brushes we could find and moved all of our materials to my yard.There on the road in front of my house, we painted bit stripes   of colors across the pavement.Stripe by stripe, our colors turned into a beautiful rainbow.It was fantastic! The sun was starting to sink.I saw a car in the distance and jumped up as I recognized the car.It was my mother.I couldn't wait to show her my masterpiece.The car pulled slowly into the driveway and from the look on my mother's face, I could tell that I was in deep trouble. My mother shut the car door and walked towards me.Her eyes glaring, she shouted, \"What in the world were you thinking? I understood when you made castles out of leaves, and climbed the neighbors' trees, but this! Come inside right now!\" I stood there glaring back at her for a minute, angry because she had insulted   my art. \"Now go clean it up!\" Mother and I began cleaning the road.Tears ran down my checks as I saw my beautiful rainbow turn into black cement  . Though years have now passed, I still wonder where my rainbow has gone.I wonder if, maybe when I get older, I can find my rainbow and never have to brush it away.I guess we all need sort of _ to brighten our lives from time to time and to keep our hopes and dreams colorful. \n Answer: To show his artwork to her.",
            "output": [
                "What did the writer want to do when his mother came home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b534e56c15184ffe8f7c8495afb055b8",
            "input": "Article: In my first week as a graduate student at Cambridge University in 1964 I met with a fellow student, two years ahead of me in his studies; he was unsteady on his feet and spoke with great difficulty. This was Stephen Hawking. I learned that he had a bad disease and might not live long enough even to finish his PhD degree. But, amazingly, he has reached the age of 73. Even mere survival would have been a medical miracle, but of course, he didn't merely survive. He has become arguably the most famous scientist in the world for his brilliant research, for his bestselling books, and, above all, for his astonishing victory over hardship. Stephen received his \"death sentence\" in 1964, when I thought it was hard for him to go on with his study. Stephen went from Albans School to Oxford University. He was said to be a \"lazy\" undergraduate, but his brilliance earned him a first-class degree, an \"entry ticket\" to a research career in Cambridge and a uniquely inspiring achievement. Within a few years of the burst of his disease he was wheelchair-bound, and his speech was so unclear that it could only be understood by those who knew him well. But his scientific career went from strength to strength: he quickly came up with a series of insights into the nature of black holes (then a very new idea) and how the universe began. In 1974 he was elected to the Royal Society at the exceptionally early age of 32. The great advances in science generally involve discovering a link between phenomena that were previously conceptually unconnected -- for instance, Isaac Newton realized that the force making an apple fall to earth was the same as the force that holds the moon and planets in their orbits. Stephen's revolutionary idea about a link between gravity and quantum  theory has still not been tested. However, it has been hugely influential; indeed, one of the main achievements of string theory has been to confirm and build on his idea. He has undoubtedly done more than anyone else since Einstein to improve our knowledge of gravity and he is one of the top-ten living theoretical physicists. \n Answer: His defeating hardship.",
            "output": [
                "What impressed the author most about Stephen Hawking?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c6085fec68964b0ca3bc08a74ff815fa",
            "input": "Article: It would be a totally dark world without your eyesight.However, there is a lot we can do to preserve our eyesight. Protect your eyes from the sun.Continuous exposure to the sun's UV rays  can severely damage your eyes over time.The UV rays from the sun will result in brown spots in the eyes or some eye diseases, in order to prevent harmful UV rays.if you plan to be in the sun for extended periods of time, you need to wear protective eye wear. Practice disease prevention.Diabetes  is among the few diseases that can cause blindness if left untreated, mistreated or undiagnosed.One of the best ways to prevent disease related blindness is to prevent or control your disease.For example, if you have diabetes it is highly recommended that you eat a healthy diet.check your blood sugar often and lake medicine if your blood sugar is above 150. Add vitamin A to your diet.This concept is usually taught during your younger years.Vitamin A is required for the production of rhodopsin which is an eye pigment  highly sensitive to light that is used to see in poor lighting conditions.To get your healthy portion of vitamin A, you can go to your local grocery store and pick up carrots, broccoli and other cruciferous  vegetables. Visit your eye doctor routinely.Visiting your eye doctor can keep you up to dale on your eye health.You should visit your eye doctor for an eye exam once every one to two years (more often if you wear glasses) to help you keep good eyesight.You are advised to see your eye doctor immediately if you experience eye diseases or symptoms like loss of eye vision, eye pain, redness and itching around the eyes because  _ eye diseases can result in permanent eye damage or blindness. \n Answer: Health.",
            "output": [
                "In which section in a web site can you see this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3d65efd084dc42bcb4b1eaff47959e33",
            "input": "Article: When I was quite young, I discovered that somewhere inside the telephone lived an amazingperson - \"Information Please\" and there was nothing she did not know. One day while my mother was out, I hit my finger with a hammer. The pain was terrible, but there was no one home to give me any sympathy. I walked around the house, finally arriving at the telephone! Quickly, I called \"Information Please\" and told her what happened.  She told me to open the icebox and hold a little piece of ice to my finger. After that, I called \"Information Please\" for everything. When my pet bird died, I told \"Information Please\" the sad story. She tried to comfort me, she said quietly, \"Paul, always remember that there are other worlds to sing in.\" Somehow I felt better. Another day I was on the telephone, \"How do you spell 'grateful'? \". All this took place in a small town in the Pacific Northwest. When I was 9, we moved to Boston. A few years later, on my way to college, my plane put down in Seattle. I had about half an hour or so between planes. Without thinking, I dialed my hometown operator and said, \"Information, please.\" Surprisingly, I heard the small, clear voice I knew so well, \"Information.\" I hadn't planned on this but I heard myself saying, \"Could you please tell me how to spell 'grateful'?\" There was a long pause. Then came the soft-spoken answer, \"I guess your finger must have healed by now.\"   I laughed. \"So it's really still you,\" I said, \"I wonder if you have any idea how much you meant to me during that time.\"  I told her how often I had thought of her over the years and asked if I could call her again. \"Please do,\" she said, \"Just ask for Sally.\" Three months later I was back in Seattle. A different voice answered me. I was told that Sally passed away five weeks before. Before I could hang up she told me that Sally left a message for me--\"Tell him I still say there are other worlds to sing in. He'll know what I mean.\"  I thanked her and hung up. I knew what Sally meant. Never underestimate the impression you may make on others. Whose life have you touched today? \n Answer: A service that helps telephone users.",
            "output": [
                "What does \"Information, Please\" refer to in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e80ee96d99cd44da9547bbb863dc7b98",
            "input": "Article: As a boy growing up in India, I had longed to travel abroad. I used to listen to the stories my father would tell me about his stay in Canada and tours to Europe in the 1970s, with great interest. My big moment finally came in the summer of 1998 when I was able to accompany my parents to Europe, where my father was to attend a meeting. We planned to travel to Belgium, Netherlands and West Germany. I have clear memories even today of going to Mumbai airport at night all excited about finally going abroad. I had heard several great things about Lufthansa till then but now I finally got to experience them first hand, during the flight to Frankfurt. We flew business class and even today I can remember the excellent service by the Lufthansa crew  . The flight was really smooth and thoroughly enjoyable, even for someone like me, who is especially afraid of flying. After spending almost two weeks in Europe, we took the Lufthansa airport express from Dusseldorf to Frankfurt airport, for our return flight. What a journey that was! All along the Rhine  , it was simply an unforgettable experience. I had a sombre feeling on the flight back to Mumbai as it marked the end of a wonderful vacation, but the Lufthansa crew members were able to change it into a most enjoyable experience yet again, with the quality of their service. Being the first airline to take me abroad, Lufthansa will always hold a special place in my heart. Even today,I continue to enjoy flights on Lufthansa and simply cannot dream of choosing any other airline. Flying, in general,for me,has always been a terrible and painful experience.Flying on Lufthansa,however, is something I always have and always will look forward to. ks5u \n Answer: India.",
            "output": [
                "Which country does the author live in now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e4be91cdebc749f3b88e17a812338757",
            "input": "Article: Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage. I've always known that my son uses his cellphone a lot, but his cellphone bill last month really got my attention, He had received nearly 2,000 text messages ,and had sent nearly as many. Of course, he was out of school for the summer, and communicating more with friends who were far away. However ,I had to wonder how he found time to keep a summer job and complete a summer course in between all that typing with his thumb. I was even more surprised to learn that my son is normal. Teenagers with cellphones send and receive an average of 2. 272 text messages a month, Nielsen Mobile says, author of a book called The Dumbest Geheraiion:  How the Digital Age Stupefies Young Americans and Jeopardizes( ) Our Future Some experts say that all that text messaging is making our children stupid, and unable to read nonverbal cues  such as facial expressions, gestures, postures and other silent signals of mood and attitude. \"Unlike telephoning, text messaging doesn't even allow tones or pauses to be sent to others,\" says Mark Bauerlein Beyond that ,though, I'm not sure I see as much harm as critics of the trend do. I've written before on how I initially tried to control my sons texting.  But over time, I've seen that my son suffers no apparent bad effects, and that he gains a big benefit of easy and continuing contact with many friends. Also, the time he spends texting replaces the hours teenagers used to spend on the phone; he dislikes talking on the phone ,and says he really doesn't need to do so to stay in touch. I don't think texting makes children stupid. It may make them annoying, when they try to text and talk to you. And it may distract them from math problems or what they have to do for school. I don't see that texting harms the ability of teenagers to communicate, either. My son is as good at interpreting nonverbal cues as any of the older members of our family. If anything , I've found him more engaged and easier to communicate with from a distance ,since he's constantly available through texting, and responds with faithfulness and speed that any mother would find reassuring  . \n Answer: Letter writing.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may Mark Bauerlein encourage children to use more?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0d2dad4bc8b9477fa00bf1a53d1e36ed",
            "input": "Article: Big Ben, one of London's best-known landmarks, which is famous for its accuracy and chimes ,stopped ticking for 90 minutes, an engineer said Saturday. Officials do not know why the 147-year-old clock on the banks of the River Thames stopped at 10:07 p.m. Friday. It continued keeping time, but stopped again at 10:20 p.m. and remained still for about 90 minutes before starting up again, a spokeswoman for the House of Commons said. A recent period of hot weather may have been to blame. Temperatures in London reached 90 Saturday, and forecasters called it England's hottest day in May in the past fifty three years, since 1953. Big Ben, which is operated by the Palace of Westminster, survived attack by German Luftwaffe bombers during World WarII,continued to mark the time within11/2 seconds of Greenwich Mean Time. However, the clock has experienced occasional problems. In 1962, snow caused the clock to ring in  the New Year 10 minutes late. In 1976, the clock stopped when a piece of its machinery broke. Big Ben also stopped on April 30, 1997, and once more three weeks later. Big Ben is actually the clock's 13-ton bell, which was named after Sir Benjamin Hall, the British commissioner of works at the time the clock was built. The official name for the Gothic tower holding Big Ben is St. Stephen's Tower. Standing 315 feet tall, it was completed in 1859 after an 1834 fire destroyed most of the Palace of Westminster. \n Answer: Eight.",
            "output": [
                "How many times has Big Ben gone wrong up to now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3d21a38c5c9a41a195a71fb8f47d9a1a",
            "input": "Article: In the past, when people had problems, they usually went to their families or friends to get advice. Today it is possible to get advice from radio shows, TV programmes and telephone hot lines. A hot line is a telephone line. It offers a direct way of getting in touch with advisers. Most hot lines are completely _ . That is to say, callers do not have to say their names or telephone numbers. Most hot lines are free. Callers do not have to pay for the advice or the phone calls. At some hot lines, the advisers are volunteers. Other hot lines pay their advisers for their work. Usually the advisers are full-time-job people with years of education and experience, but sometimes the advisers have only taken a short class before starting to work on the hot line. All the advisers listen to people and help them solve their problems. \n Answer: They went to their families or friends",
            "output": [
                "How did people get advice when they had problems in the past?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d0e4984f9c04a278f84677f65ca9bfb",
            "input": "Article: Most people know precious gemstones   by their appearances. An emerald flashes deep green, a ruby seems to hold a red fire inside, and a diamond shines like a star. It's more difficult to tell where the gem was mined, since a diamond from Australia or Arkansas may appear the same to one from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, recently, a team of scientists has found a way to identify a gemstone's origin. Beneath the surface of a gemstone, on the tiny level of atoms and molecules , lie clues   to its origin. At this year's meeting of the Geological Society of America in Minneapolis, Catherine McManus reported on a technique that uses lasers   to clarify these clues and identify a stone's homeland. McManus directs scientific research at Materialytics, in Killeen, Texas. The company is developing the technique. \"With enough data, we could identify which country, which mining place, even the individual mine a gemstone comes from,\" McManus told Science News. Some gemstones, including many diamonds, come from war-torn countries. Sales of those \"blood minerals\" may encourage violent civil wars where innocent people are injured or killed. In an effort to reduce the trade in blood minerals, the U.S. government passed law in July 2010 that requires companies that sell gemstones to determine the origins of their stones. To figure out where gemstones come from, McManus and her team focus a powerful laser on a small sample of the gemstone. The technique is called laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Just as heat can turn ice into water or water into steam, energy from the laser changes the state of matter of the stone. The laser changes a miniscule part of the gemstone into plasma, a gas state of matter in which tiny particles called electrons separate from atoms. The plasma, which is superhot, produces a light pattern. (The science of analyzing this kind of light pattern is called spectroscopy.) Different elements produce different patterns, but McManus and her team say that gemstones from the same area produce similar patterns. Materialytics has already collected patterns from thousands of gemstones, including more than 200 from diamonds. They can compare the light pattern from an unknown gemstone to patterns they do know and look for a match. The light pattern acts like a signature, telling the researchers the origin of the gemstone. In a small test, the laser technique correctly identified the origins of 95 out of every 100 diamonds. For gemstones like emeralds and rubies, the technique proved successful for 98 out of every 100 stones. The scientists need to collect and analyze more samples, including those from war-torn countries, before the tool is ready for commercial use. Scientists like Barbara Dutrow, a mineralogist from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, find the technique exciting. \"This is a basic new tool that could provide a better fingerprint of a material from a particular locality,\" she told Science News. \n Answer: To develop the economy.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the U.S. government pass law that requires companies selling gemstones to determine the origins of their stones?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f7945163f4e4e68ae147b2171cb0583",
            "input": "Article: From Monday 5 October shoppers in England will face a charge of at least 5 pounds for some of the carrier bags they use to take home their purchases. The move follows the introduction of similar charges in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The charge applies to\"single-use\"bags -- the thin plastic ones you typically get in the supermarket. The legislation says that for the charge to apply the bag must be unused, plastic, have handles and be 70 microns   thick or less. Bags for life are thicker and larger, so retailers do not have to charge for them. However, whether you get charged also depends on what gets put in the bag. Shops don't have to charge for bags used for unwrapped food, raw meat and fish, prescription medicines, uncovered knives, seeds, bulbs and flowers, or live fish. However, if other items are put in the same bag, the charge kicks in. The government is hoping to persuade shoppers to reuse bags rather than take new single-use plastic bags home from each shopping trip. In 2014, more than 7.6 billion bags were given out by the major supermarkets in England -- the equivalent of around 140 bags per person. The bags take a long time to degrade  , cause litter and are dangerous to wildlife. By introducing a charge, the government hopes to reduce the number of these bags used in supermarkets by up to 80%. Will all shops charge? They do not have to. The legislation applies to all types of shop -- from clothes shops to grocers, but only to retailers with 250 or more employees. However, some smaller shops have indicated that they will introduce a charge at the same time. Shops in airports and retailers selling on trains, aeroplanes or ships also do not have to charge. Retailers have been told to charge at least 5 pounds for single-use bags. It looks like the major grocers will go for 5 pounds on the nose. The charge of self-service machines will still apply. You will be asked how many bags you have used, and charged accordingly. What will happen to the money? Retailers are expected to give the money to good causes, but it is up to them to decide. They must report what they do to the government, which will publish the details each year. Supermarkets report a fall of up to 90% in bag use since similar charges were introduced in other parts of the UK. Marks&Spencer said it had seen a 50% reduction in bags used for clothing and homeware   since the charge came into effect in Wales and Scotland. England's scheme has more exemptions   than others -- in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland all stores are covered, not just large retailers, so the headline figures for the reduction in use could be lower. \n Answer: Shops with self-service machines.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following shops will charge for plastic bags?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6b1e236c98f248f8a5e992c8fc14ca81",
            "input": "Article: JOHANNESBURG--They say cats have nine lives. Now a Chinese toad  has joined that club of clever survivors. South Africans are shocked at the endurance of a toad that got trapped in a cargo shipment from China to Cape Town, after jumping into a porcelain candlestick  that was made there. South African officials reportedly planned to put down the creature, fearing it would cause harm as an invasive species if it were let go in the wild. But the toad got a last-minute pardon. Mango Airlines, a South African airline, transported the toad on Friday to Johannesburg for delivery to an animal shelter, after officials decided to find a way to let the toad live. The two-hour flight was a breeze compared to the trip from China, a long way of many weeks and thousands of kilometers across the Indian Ocean. Airline spokesman Hein Kaiser said the toad got \"first-class treatment\", sitting in a transparent plastic container with escort Brett Glasby, an animal welfare inspector. There was even a ceremony, in which the toad's boarding pass was handed to Glasby. \"He was the star of the show on the flight,\" Kaiser said of the amphibious  passenger. \"I think every passenger stopped to have a look.\" On landing in Johannesburg, the toad was brought out of its container for a celebrity-style photo shoot. Observers said the brown toad seemed like a cool customer. It belongs to the Asian Toad species, which breeds during the monsoon  season. It is believed to have survived the trip from China by hardening its skin to prevent it from drying out, and also by slowing its breathing and heart rate--methods that help the species survive in times of drought. \"We've had snakes in imported timber and scorpions  in fruit. We were called because the toad was right inside the candlestick, and we had to break it to get it out\" Glasby, the inspector, toldThe Star, a South African newspaper. \n Answer: Workers shipped a toad to South Africa on purpose.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5777a96873934ee5a55a35099f42eccf",
            "input": "Article: \"We don't have rush hours any more\", said Mr. Charles Mac Lean, who runs the nation's busiest road. \"We have rush periods, and they keep getting longer and longer.\" Mac Lean was describing prefix = st1 /Chicago's 235 miles of expressway. But the same might be said about almost any of the expressways that have become an important part of American city life--and about the heavy traffic that often blocks them. In Chicago, a computerized system has been developed that controls traffic on the city's seven expressways. Now one man--a controller--can follow the movement of Chicago's traffic by looking at a set of lights. The system uses electronic sensors that are built into each expressway, half a mile apart. Several times a second, the computer receives information from each sensor and translates it into green, yellow, or red lights on a map in the control room. A green light means the traffic is moving forty-five miles an hour, yellow means thirty to forty-five miles an hour and red means heavy  traffic--cars standing still or moving less than thirty miles an hour. \"See that red light near Austin Avenue?\" the controller asked a visitor. \"That's a repair truck fixing the road, and the traffic has to go around it\". At the Roosevelt Roadentrance to the expressway, the light kept changing from green to red and back to green again. \"A lot of trucks get on the expressway there,\" the controller explained. \"They can't speed up as fast as cars.\" The sensors show immediately where an accident or a stopped car is blocking traffic, and a truck is sent by radio to clear the road. The system has lowered the number of accidents by 18 percent. There are now 1.4 deaths on Chicago's expressways for each one hundred million miles traveled, while in other parts of the country there are 2.6. Traffic experts say that the Chicagosystem is the \"coming thing\". Systems like Chicago's are already in use on some expressways in Los Angeles andHouston. \"Chicago has taken the lead,\" saysNew York City's traffic director; and he adds, \"We are far behind...\" \n Answer: By looking at a set of lights on the map in the control room.",
            "output": [
                "How does the controller follow Chicago's traffic?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4acc23ff20ad45d9bd8379a6526905a6",
            "input": "Article: Item 78431  The Video Camera Pen $129. 95 ;  Available for Immediate Shipment; Order by Phone :1-800-321-1484 This is the pen that has a built-in video camera, capturing(,)videos or still images with a click of its button. Ideal for use while secured in a pocket, it can capture up to five hours of video. Its battery provides up to two hours of power before requiring a recharge. Item 78098  The Wristwatch Camcorder $149. 95;  Available for 3-day Shipment; Order by Phone :1-800-321-1484 This is the men's watch with an unnoticeable camera located at the two-o'clock position, yet the watch's hands never make it covered. So you'll be always ready to capture a famous person or a pet's ridiculous actions. The camera's rechargeable battery provides up to two hours of use from a four-hour charge. Item 77918  The only 55 Inch Widescreen Personal Movie Theater $ 249. 95 ;  Available for Immediate Shipment; Order by Phone:l-800-321-1484 This is the only personal media viewer that provides a private viewing experience just like watching a widescreen 55 inch television from 10 meters away. It connects to a video iPod, iPhone, portable DVD player with two AA batteries providing up to six hours of continuous operation. Item 77281  The Digital Phone Album Watch $ 99. 95 ;  Available for Immediate Shipment; Order by Phone :1-800-321-1484 This is the watch that vividly displays 120 of your favorite digital photographs. You can download digital photographs to the watch. The watch can be viewed in the Photo Album mode   or digital mode ( time and date view).  A six-hour charge provides up to 10 days of use. \n Answer: To advertise some goods.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9bb7cd3bf47e4784a4b19ede6239678c",
            "input": "Article: Giving Back Fair Way The Westborough High School golf team had taken the official photos with the state prize, The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. And then Westborough instructor Greg Rota noticed something wrong on one of the score cards. A 9 had been recorded as a 7. They were not the state prize winner; Wobum High had won. \"None one have known, said Wobum's instructor, Bob Doran. For Rota, it wasn't a difficult decision: \"The prize wasn't ours to take:?   Coin Stars \"College students are lazy. but they also want to help,\" says University of]Pennsyivania graduate. Dan Hork. So she made it easy, placing cups in rooms where students could leave their spare coins, and handing out cups to first-year students to keep in their rooms. Her \"Change for Change\" effort has collected$40,000 for charities, which were decided upon by students . Never Forgotten A school in Massachusetts received a $ 9. 5 million check from Jacques LeBermuth. But it took officials several days of digging to discover his connection to the school, Records showed the LeBermuth came from Belgium and studied in the school in the 1920s. When his family fell on hard times, he was offered free room and board. LeBermuth became a trader, owned shares of AT&T and lived off the earnings until he died at age 89. \n Answer: Returned the prize to the organizer,",
            "output": [
                "What did Greg Rota probably do in the end?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-337373396ee44b6aa13b86b7a356934e",
            "input": "Article: Now comes word from the University of California, Berkeley, a new study has confirmed that the richer you are the less compassionate you are In a study just published in the journal Emotion, psychologist Jennifer Stellar sought to determine the empathic  capacities of a group of 300 college students, who had been hand-selected for maximum economic diversity. As a rule, college students have just one income level: poor. Stellar thus chose her subjects based on the income of the people who respond to the requests and write the checks: the parents. In the first of three experiments, she had 148 of her subjects fill out reports how often they experience emotions such as joy, love, compassion and horror. She also had them agree or disagree with statements like \"I often notice people who need help.\" When the numbers on these lists were processed, Stellar found no meaningful personality differences among the students that could be attributable to income except one: across the board, the lower the subjects' family income, the higher their score on compassion. The second study involved 64 subjects who watched two videos -- an emotionally neutral instructional video on construction techniques, and a far more charged one that involved real families coping with a cancer-stricken child. Again, the subjects filled out emotional lists and again they scored similarly. But the lower-income volunteers continued to come out higher on the compassion-and-empathy scale. During this study, Stellar also used heartbeat monitors to determine their physical reactions to the two videos. There was, not surprisingly, no difference in heart rate when the instructional video was playing, but when the cancer stories began, the heartbeats of the lower-income volunteers slowed noticeably -- a counterintuitive  sign of caring. An immediate threat to ourselves or another causes heart rate to jump, the better to snap into action to respond to the danger. An emotional crisis can have the opposite physical effect on observers -- helping them settle down to provide the quieter attention that simply listening and comforting requires. In the final part of the study, 106 of the participants were paired off and told to interview each other as if they were applying for a position as lab manager. So that the subjects would have real skin in the game, the ones who performed best in the interviews -- as judged by Stellar-- would win a cash prize. All of the subjects reported feeling the same levels of stress or anxiety when they were being interviewed, but only the lower-income subjects were reliably able to detect the same feelings in their partner when the roles were reversed. So does this mean the rich really can't feel the poor? A low score on the compassion scale doesn't mean a lack of capacity for the feeling, Stellar argues. It may just mean a lack of experience observing -- and tending to -- the hardship others. Perhaps that helps explain why so many wealthy college kids find their way into the Peace Corps and other volunteer groups. \n Answer: All the 3 experiments proved the same result.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, which of the following statement is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ba549c464564cf592b211971590647e",
            "input": "Article: Brenda Bongos was a happy, artistic girl. She had one big ambition--to play the drums in a band. But one big obstacle lay in her way. To be good enough to play in a band, Brenda had to practice a lot, but she lived next-door to a lot of old people. Many of them are sick. She knew that the sound of beating drums would really get on their nerves. So, she had tried playing in the strangest places: a basement, a kitchen, and even in a shower. But there was always someone it would annoy. One day, while watching a science documentary on TV, she heard that sound cannot travel in space, because there's no air. At that moment, Brenda Bongos decided to become a sort of musical astronaut. With the help of a lot of time, books and work, Brenda built a space bubble. This was a big glass ball connected to a machine which sucked out all the air inside. All that would be left inside was a drum kit  and a chair. Brenda got into the space suit she had made, entered the bubble, turned on the machine, and played those drums like a wild child. It wasn't long before Brenda Bongos came very famous. Many people came to see her play in her space bubble. Shortly afterwards she came out of the bubble and started giving concerts. Her fame spread so much that the government suggested that she be part of a unique space journey. Finally, Brenda was a real musical astronaut, and had gone far beyond her first ambition of playing drums in a band. Years later, when asked how she had achieved all this, she thought for a moment, and said: \"If those old people next - door hadn't mattered so much to me, I wouldn't have found a solution, and none of this would have ever happened.\" \n Answer: Because she didn't want to disturb others.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Brenda try to play in the strangest places?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3013f5799e75456a9666de3347d82f11",
            "input": "Article: Every year thousands of tourists visit Pompeii, Italy. They see the sight that Pompeii is famous for--its stadium and theaters, its shops and restaurants. The tourists do not, however, see Pompeii's people. No one has lived in Pompeii for almost 2,ooo years. Once Pompeii was a busy city of 22,000 people. It lay at the foot of Mt Vesuvius, a grass-covered volcano. Mt Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt safe. But they were not. In August of the year 79 AD, Mt Vesuvius erupted. The entire top of the mountain exploded, and a huge black cloud rose into the air. Soon stones and hot ashes began to fall on Pompeii. When the eruption ended two days later, Pompeii was buried under 20 feet of stones and ashes. Almost all of its people were dead. For centuries, Pompeii lay buried under stones and ashes. Then in the year 1861, an Italian scientist named Ginseppe began to uncover Pompeii. Slowly, carefully, Ginseppe and his men dug. The city almost looked the same as it had looked in 79 AD. There were streets and fountains, houses and shops. There was a stadium with 20,000 seats. Perhaps the most important of all, there were everyday objects, which tell us a great deal about the people who lived in Pompeii. Many glasses and jars had some dark blue color in the bottom, so we know that the people of Pompeii liked wine. They liked bread too; metal bread pans were in every bakery. In one bakery there were 81 round, flat loaves of bread--a type of bread that is still sold in Italy today. Tiny boxes filled with a dark, shiny powder tell us that women liked to wear eye-makeup. Ginseppe has died, but his work continues. One-fourth has not been uncovered yet. Scientists are still digging, still making discoveries that draw the tourists to Pompeii. \n Answer: To see how Pompeiians lived.",
            "output": [
                "Why do large number of people come to Pompeii each year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ec34fa57305e469083cd7dd97904ffa2",
            "input": "Article: Tess still stood hesitating like a swimmer about to make his dive, hardly knowing whether to return or move forward, when a figure came out from the dark door of the tent. It was a tall young man, smoking. He had an almost black face, though red and smooth. His moustache was black with curled points, though he could not be more than twenty three or--four. There was an unusual force in his face, and in his daring rolling eyes.  \"Well, my beauty, what can I do for you?\" said he, coming forward. And seeing that she was quite at a loss, \"Never mind me. I am Mr. d'Urberville. Have you come to see me or my mother?\" This differed greatly from what Tess had expected. She had dreamed of an aged and dignified face. She tried to keep calm and answered-- \"I came to see your mother, sir.\"  \"I am afraid you cannot see her--she is ill in bed,\" replied the representative of the house; for this was Mr. Alee, the only son of the noble family. \"What is the business you wish to see her about?\" \"It isn't business--it is--I can hardly say what!\"  \"Pleasure?\" \"Oh no. Why, sir, if I tell you, it will seem...\" Tess's sense of a certain ridicule was now so strong that, despite her general discomfort at being here, her rosy lips curved  towards a smile, much to the attraction of the young man. \"It is so foolish\", she stammered . \"I fear I can't tell you!\" \"Never mind; I like foolish things. Try again, my dear,\" said he kindly. \"Mother asked me to come,\" Tess continued; \"and, indeed, I was in the mind to do so myself. But I did not think it would be like this. I came, sir, to tell you that we are of the same family as you.\" \"Ho! Poor relations?\"  \"Yes.\"  \"Stokes?\" \"No; d'Urbervilles.\" \"Ay, ay; I mean d'Urbervilles.\" \"Our names are worn away to Durbeyfield; but we have several proofs that we are d'Urbervilles. The local scholars hold the view that we are, and...and we have an old seal  and a silver spoon marked with the same castle as yours. So mother said we ought to make ourselves known to you, as we've lost our horse by a bad accident; we can hardly make a living.\"    \"Very kind of your mother, I'm sure.\" Alec looked at Tess as he spoke, in a way that made her uneasy. \"And so, my pretty girl, you've come on a friendly visit to us, as relations?\" \"I suppose I have,\" looking less confident and uncomfortable again. \"Well--there's no harm in it. Where do you live? What are you?\"                                     ---Tess of the d'Urbervilles By Thomas Hardy \n Answer: Nervous and uncomfortable.",
            "output": [
                "How does Tess feel in the whole course of the meeting with Alec?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-add655c0f7374d3895bcac178a9a7840",
            "input": "Article: Keesh lived at the North Pole a long time ago. He lived near the edge of the polar sea. He was a bright thirteen-year-old boy with a strong, healthy body. His father was a brave man who had died during a food shortage in the village. His father tried to save the lives of his people by fighting a giant polar bear. Keesh's father was crushed to death during the struggle. But he killed the bear, and the meat from the bear kept the people from starving. Keesh was his only son, and he lived alone with his mother. But people are forgetful, and they soon forgot how Keesh's father had saved their lives. And since Keesh was only a boy and his mother was a woman and not a warrior , they were forced to live in the smallest and poorest igloo in the village. One night there was a council meeting in the large igloo of Klosh-Kwan, who was the chief. At that meeting Keesh showed how much courage he possessed. He rose to his feet and waited for silence. Then, with the dignity of an older man, he said, \" It is true that my mother and I are given meat to eat. But the meat is always old and tough, filled with bones, and difficult to eat.\" The hunters--both the young and the old--were shocked to hear a child speak to them that way. But Keesh went on steadily, \"Because my father, Bok, was a great hunter, I can speak these words. You know that Bok brought home more meat than any hunter in the village. The oldest woman, the weakest old man, received a fair share.\" Keesh waited calmly until the shouting died down. \"My mother has no one except me, and therefore I must speak. My father put his life in danger and died, to provide food for this village. It is only right that I, his son and his wife should have enough good meat as long as there is plenty of good meat in this village. I, Keesh, the son of Bok, have spoken.\" He sat down. He could hear angry murmuring all around him. Some men began to shout at Keesh. They ordered him to leave. They threatened to punish him by not giving him any food at all. Keesh's eyes flashed and the blood pounded under his skin. In the midst of the noise and the uproar, he jumped to his feet.   \"Listen to me, you men!\" he shouted. \"I shall never speak in this council again--not until you come to invite me to speak. My father was a great hunter, and so will I be.\" They laughed at Keesh and followed him out of the igloo, shouting at him. But Keesh said nothing more. He walked away with his head raised, looking neither to the left nor the right....                                        ---Based on a story by Jack London \n Answer: He died during a struggle with a bear.",
            "output": [
                "How did Keesh's father die?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-559fb38b617448c486c655a8ce725fd5",
            "input": "Article: Hollywood is on the edge of a nervous breakdown. Worried about an industry wide writers' strike, struck by a series of theater-chain bankruptcies , burdened with unreasonable corporate profit, requirements and seemingly incapable of producing consistently creative movies, the American film industry is in a period of soul-searching. There's little doubt it will survive this crisis. But most insiders agree there is disease at both ends of the business--where film are produced, and where they're shown---that may take years to overcome. While annual box-office income increases for nine straight years, largely due to increased ticket prices, the number of actual tickets sold declined for the second year in a row. The construction boom has added nearly 10,000 theaters(more than 200,000 more seats) in the last five years. But due to a static audience base, eight major chains have gone into bankruptcy and several others are in terrible financial situations. In fact, insiders say, Hollywood is now in a business it does not want to be in. \"There's a general problem in that the companies that have the most consistent output of material are least interested in what they're making,\" says former 20thCentury Fox CEO, Bill. And, Bill adds, \"We're in a period where movies are getting bigger and more costly and less interesting and fulfilling to an audience.\" Today the studios are under the stress to increase profit margins  for their corporate parents, and profit margins are hard to control in a business whose products are seen as impulse buys . Other business can increase profits by cutting costs--buying cheaper material, or making the candy bar smaller. Not Hollywood. \"What we're cutting is risk,\" says the head of one major studio, who asked not to be named, \"And risk is what great film has always demanded.\" While the studios are avoiding risky concepts, their competitors in the home entertainment business have been expanding the boundaries of the imagination. It was this pressure---in electronic games, the Internet, EVDs----that forced the movie theater chains into a self-destructive craze of expansion. \n Answer: Lack of the advertisement funds",
            "output": [
                "Which of NOT the worry of the American film industry according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bca6d91e7ab640c7a6108be1228579ef",
            "input": "Article: The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The term is most commonly used to refer to those eight schools considered as a group. The term is also connected with academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism . The term became official, especially in sports terminology, after the formation of the NCAA Division I athletic conference in 1954, when much of the nation polarized around favorite college teams. \"IV\" was used because originally the league consisted only of four members. The use of the phrase is no longer limited to athletics, and now represents an educational philosophy inherent to ( ,)the nation's oldest schools. In addition, Ivy League schools are often viewed by the public as some of the most prestigious  universities worldwide and are often ranked amongst the best universities in the United States and worldwide. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and Yale University. All of the Ivy League's institutions place near the top in theU.S. News & World Reportcollege and university rankings and rank within the top one percent of the world's academic institutions in terms of financial endowment . Seven of the eight schools were founded during America's colonial period; the exception is Cornell, which was founded in 1865. Ivy League institutions, therefore, account for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution. The Ivies are all in the Northeast geographic region of the United States. All eight schools receive millions of dollars in research grants and other subsidies from federal and state government. Undergraduate enrollments among the Ivy League schools range from about 4,000 to 14,000, making them larger than those of a typical private liberal arts college and smaller than a typical public state university. Ivy League university financial endowments range from Brown's $2.01 billion to Harvard's $26 billion, the largest financial endowment of any academic institution in the world. \n Answer: First-class education.",
            "output": [
                "Which meaning can the term \"the Ivy League\" convey today?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b4c0f31a37840c2b511fe002b51aa93",
            "input": "Article: Ian became a highway robber to support his family. He continued as a robber day after day and year after year.      One day, Ian went to rob a traveler. Unlike those who have been robbed by him before, the traveler showed no fear and asked, \"Why do you do this every day?\" Ian was surprised and answered without thinking, \"Because I have a family. Robbing is the only way I can earn money to support my family.\" \"Are your family members prepared to share your punishment with you?\" Ian was puzzled and said he didn't know. The traveler told him to go home and ask them.      Ian asked his wife, \"Do you know how I work to support you?\" His wife replied, \"Yes, I know.\" Ian asked, \"Are you going to share the punishment I'll get for the way I earn my living?\" His wife answered, \"No. You married me and you should take care of me.\"     Next, his parents replied, \"Son, we raised you with great care. Now we don't have the energy to work. So it's your duty to look after us. We won't share any of the punishments placed upon you for what you've done.\"      Ian hadn't expected their answers. He became sad and returned to the traveler. Ian told him all the conversations. The traveler said, \"You have to take the consequences yourself.\" Ian thanked him for letting him see the errors in his ways. After this incident, Ian started learning in order to work and support the family in legal ways. \n Answer: Several years.",
            "output": [
                "How long did Ian work as a highway robber?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7be7d6ba46544ae6bd552f61996b954c",
            "input": "Article: Directions : Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage When top engineers in Germany wanted to build a more energy-efficient car, they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks. But it was the boxfish  that interested them. \"We were surprised when this clumsy-looking fish became our model for designing an aerodynamic  car\",says Thomas Weber. He is the research and development chief for the car company Daimler. An aerodynamic design reduces wind drag and increases fuel efficiency. The boxfish may look clumsy, but it can start, stop ,back up and zigzag  through the water with ease. And it does all this using surprisingly little energy. Daimler's bionic  car is modeled on the fish's boxy skeletal   system. Like the fish, the car is fast and drives easily. It's efficient too. The science behind nature-inspired inventions is called biomimicry  . Biologist Janine Benyus came up with the term. As co-founder of the Biomimicry Guild, she has worked with cereal companies,sneaker designers and others to develop products based on Nature's best ideas. This month ,the Nature's 100 Best List will be revealed at the World Conservation Congress  in Barcelona ,Spain. Benyus co-authored the list of nature inspired designs with economist Gunter Pauli. In Zimbabwe ,a country in southern Africa ,engineers designed energy-efficient buildings modeled on termite  mounds  . The buildings use vents   to keep the air flowing and the temperature cool. A company in Atlanta ,US ,developed a self-cleaning paint modeled on the lotus  leaf. When the paint dries ,it becomes bumpy  ,just like the lotus leaf. Rain drops form on the bumps and roll off ,carrying dirt along with them. Nature has done billions of years of research. Only the best-designed products have survived. Companies owe Mother Nature a debt for all that hard work ,says Benyus. For scientists and inventors, the possibilities for copying nature are limitless. Technology may never be as efficient as nature, or as color1ful. But that doesn 't mean we should stop trying to learn from the world around us. Take a walk outside. Watch a squirrel climb up a tree. Look closely at the veins  of a leaf. Hear the birds chirping in the trees. Such small details may help solve big problems in the future. \n Answer: Nature is a good source to turn to for improving technology.",
            "output": [
                "Which is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bda3b870d1eb406cb3d507e8ffd14ec6",
            "input": "Article: The young boy saw me, or rather, he saw the car and quickly ran up to me, eager to sell his bunches of bananas and bags of peanuts. Though he appeared to be about twelve, he seemed to have already known the bitterness of life. \"Bananas 300 naira. Peanuts 200 naira.\" He said in a low voice. I bargained him down to 200 totals for the fruit and nuts. When he agreed, I handed him a 500 naira bill. He didn't have change, so I told him not to worry. He said thanks and smiled a row of perfect teeth. When, two weeks later, I saw the boy again, I was more aware of my position in a society where it's not that uncommon to see a little boy who should be in school standing on the corner selling fruit in the burning sun. My parents had raised me to be aware of the advantage we had been afforded and the responsibility it brought to us. I pulled over and rolled down my window. He had a bunch of bananas and a bag of peanuts ready. I waved them away. \"What's up?\" I asked him. \"I...I don't have money to buy books for school.\" I reached into my pocket and handed him two fresh 500 naira bills. \"Will this help?\" I asked. He looked around nervously before taking the money. One thousand naira was a lot of money to someone whose family probably made about 5,000 naira or less each year. \"Thank you, sir.\" he said. \"Thank you very much!\" When driving home, I wondered if my little friend actually used the money for schoolbooks. What if he's a cheat? And then I wondered why I did it. Did I do it to make myself feel better? Was I using him? Later, I realized that I didn't know his name or the least bit about him, nor did I think to ask. Over the next six months, I was busy working in a news agency in northern Nigeria. Sometime after I returned, I went out for a drive. When I was about to pull over, the boy suddenly appeared by my window with a big smile ready on his face. \"Oh, gosh! Long time.\" \"Are you in school now?\" I asked. He nodded. \"That's good,\" I said. A silence fell as we looked at each other, and then I realized what he wanted. \"Here,\" I held out a 500 naira bill. \"Take this.\" He shook his head and stepped back as if hurt. \"What's wrong?\" I asked. \"It's a gift.\" He shook his head again and brought his hand from behind his back. His face shone with sweat. He dropped a bunch of bananas and a bag of peanuts in the front seat before he said, \"I've been waiting to give these to you.\" \n Answer: He seemed to have suffered a lot.",
            "output": [
                "What was the author's first impression of the boy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9380305e04c0402c99d96b918a296516",
            "input": "Article: Here are some advertisements taken from a newspaper. (1) Dear Drew Carter, Your first year on this earth has been a pleasure ride for all of us. We love you! Love, Dad and Mom and many friends. (2)Lawlis-Clarke The Doctors Virgil and Marjorie Lawlis are pleased to announce the engagement  of their daughter Diane Susan to Mr.Robert Brent Clarke,son of Mr.and Mrs.James Clarke of Herford,Texas. A spring wedding is planned in Houston. (3) Isbell-Foss Mr.and Mrs.Davis K.Isbell announce the marriage of their daughter Dang to Mr.Stanley Foss,son of Mrs.John Sipe of Ada,Minnesota. The wedding will be early April at Abiding Love Lutheran Church. (4)  Story-Kurio Miss Stephanie Story and Mr.Warren Kurio were married February 5,at half past seven o'clock in the evening at Highland Park Presbyterian Church in Dallas,Texas.The bride  is the daughter of Mr.and Mrs.Herbert Brule Story Jr.of Dallas.The groom is the son of Mr.and Mrs.Gerald Stanley Kurio of Austin. \n Answer: Happy 1st Birthday",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the first advertisement?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-255d493102244a469e24c8f226061508",
            "input": "Article: In Britain and other countries,young people sometimes take a\"gap year\",a year off between high school and college.This idea never gained a big following in America.Recent news reports have suggested that interest may be growing,though there are no official numbers. Charles Deacon,.Dean of Admissions at Georgetown University in Washington,D.C.,estimates that in the current first-year class of 1,600 students,only about 25 decided to take a year off.He says this number hasn't changed much over the years. Mr.Deacon says the most common reason for taking a\"gap year\"is to have a chance to travel,but he says international students may take a\"gap year\"to meet requirements at home for military duty. Some high school graduates see a year off as a chance to recover after twelve years of required education,but it can also give students a chance to explore their interests.Students hoping to be doctors,for example,could learn about the profession by volunteering in a hospital. Many colleges and universities support gap-year projects by permitting students to delay their admission.Expels say students can grow emotionally and intellectually as they work at something they enjoy. The Harvard admissions office has an essay on its Web site called\"Time Out or Bum Out for the Next Generation.''It praises the idea of taking time off to step back,think and enjoy gaining life experiences outside the pressure of studies.It also notes that students are sometimes admitted to Harvard or other colleges partly because they did something unusual with that time. Of course,a gap year is not for everyone.Students might miss their friends who go on directly to college,and parents might worry that their children will decide not to go to college once they take time off.Another concern is money.A year off,away from home,can be costly. Holly Bull's job is to specialize in helping students plan their gap year.She notes that several books have been written about this subject.She says these books along with media attention and the availability of information on the Internet have increased interest in the idea of a year off, and she points out that many gap-year programs cost far less than a year of college. \n Answer: It is likely that taking a\"gap year\"is becoming popular in America.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7ee9940eaa1b4f49b1b44c9f96628926",
            "input": "Article: Today's 20-somethings are often called\" millennials . \" They grew up around the time of the  millennium in the year  2000      Are these adults? The law says yes.  But societies have their expectations for what being an adult means.  Some say today's 20-sometbings are having a\" delayed adulthood. \" The term \"boomerang kids\" means young people leave their parents' house but, like a boomerang thrown through the air, later return.      Research psychologist Jeffrey Arnett says these terms suggest many Americans are frustrated with 20-somethings. He says Americans should consider the positive aspects. They usually have various school and work experiences or they might. try living in different cities or countries. Cheryssa Jensen      Cheryssa Jensen might agree. She says she expected to get married right after college and to find a job near her parents.  Instead, she traveled the western part of the U. S. , went to a dozen different cities there.  Her job also took her to Taiwan, Sweden and Denmark. After a year of traveling, she was not sure what to do.     \"Some words were nagging at me, saying, 'What else, what else can you do, what else can you do while you re young?\" Julia Shaw      Julia Shaw is 28, just a year older than Cheryssa, but very different in the way she has lived her life so far.      After college, Julia began her career as a writer. She and her husband have stayed in Washington, and have lived there for the last two years.      Julia says many people are surprised that she is married and settled in one place. But she believes she is more free than many other people of her generation and she says marriage has made her life more stable.      Though their stories are different, Julia and Cheryssa still have some things in common.  Both say their families are proud of them  Both say they do not feel pressured by society to follow a particular path. And both say they are happy with their decisions.     Julia Shaw and Cheryssa Jensen have something else in common.  They have not made a high-paying career their first priority.  Instead, most in the survey said the most important things to them are being good parents, having a successful marriage and helping other people. \n Answer: The lost generation.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following terms is NOT used to describe today's 20-somethings?  (     )"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9dc5c50bbb774dbca15bffc715be007f",
            "input": "Article: Tomorrow evening I will be interviewed on stage by a museum official. I will be an interpreter, talking from experience as a disability rights lawyer and activist. In \"special\" schools and camps for children with physical and mental disabilities, I grew up knowing we were a category of person that the world did not want. Most of us had a story of some doctor advising our parents to put up away or to let us die. We owed our survival to parents who had irrationally  bonded with us. We knew we were lucky and hoped our luck would hold. To increase the chance of surviving, we tended to be charming. We developed By the time I roll onto the stage the next night, I've thought a lot about there and here, then and now. When the first question comes, I tell them about my fascination with the wheelchair, and somehow it sounds funny, and laughter fills the room. We talk from the horror of Nazis killing (Nazis once killed the disabled patients as useless) to a funny confession that I, too, tend to stare at disabled people on the street. What has come over me? In this room, people with disabilities in thrilling variety make me feel at home. Here people, disabled and not, are gathered by choice. I haven't forgotten that 2 million people remain in US disability institutions, that some disabled children still cannot attend mainstream schools, that too many of us live in poverty. But I can't hold onto anger and sorrow for I feel a shared sense of possibility, a drive for a world that will embrace both the fit and the unfit and hold them so dear that the division dies. \n Answer: A disabled lawyer.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7144b6c05b3141cb8b16c75a42416e66",
            "input": "Article: Wikipedia: The Online Know-It-All If you want to find out a piece of information about anything, the best place to search for it is Wikipedia. The name \"Wikipedia\" is from the Hawaiian word wiki, meaning \"quick\". This online encyclopedia   is written by thousands of people around the world. Anyone with Internet access can write, add or make changes to Wikipedia articles if he or she finds it incorrect or not well written. In this way, people who know a lot about a certain subject can write about it even if they are not university professors. But contributions cannot damage Wikipedia because many experienced editors are watching pages and techies   can write editing programs to keep track of or correct bad edits. Where there are disagreements on how to present facts, editors work together to arrive at an article that fairly represents current expert opinion on the subject. Wikipedia is quite different from paper-based reference sources in important ways. Unlike printed encyclopedias, it is continually created and updated, with articles on historic events appearing within minutes, rather than months or years. What's more, Wikipedia includes articles written in about 285 languages. This fact makes it one of the few websites on the Internet that are truly international. It was started in 2001 by Larry Sanger and Jimmy Wales, as a free online English-language encyclopedia project. Since its creation, it has grown rapidly into one of the largest reference websites, attracting nearly 500 million unique visitors monthly. There are more than 77,000 active contributors working on more than 22,000,000 articles in different languages. As of today, there are 4,396,866 articles in English. So, if you are looking for some information, why not try Wikipedia? It's free, multilingual,and informative. \n Answer: A free website encyclopedia.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what is Wikipedia?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-438332228c3143478f6684e67ff3c2ca",
            "input": "Article: Eight-year-old Jesse Abrogate was playing in the sea late one evening in July 2001 when a 7-foot bull shark attacked him and tore off his arm. Jesse's uncle jumped into the sea and dragged the boy to the store. The boy was not breathing. His aunt gave him mouth-to-mouth resuscitation while his uncle rang the emergency services. Pretty soon, a helicopter arrived and flew the boy to hospital. It was a much quicker journey than the journey by road. Jesse's uncle, Vance Folsenzier, ran back into the sea and found the shark that had attacked his nephew. He picked the shark up and threw it onto the beach. A coastguard shot the fish four times and although this didn't kill it, the shark's jaws relaxed so that they could open them, and reach down onto its stomach, and pull out the boy's arm. At the Baptist hospital in Pensacola, Dr Lan Rogers spent eleven hours reattaching Jesse's arm. \"It was a complicated operation,\" he said, \"but we were lucky. If the arm hadn't been recovered in time, we wouldn't have been able to do the operation at all. What I means is that if they hadn't found the shark, well then we wouldn't have had a chance.\" According to local park ranger   Jack Tomosvic, shark attacks are not that common. \"Jesse was just unlucky\" he says, \"Evening is the shark's feeding time. And Jesse was in the area without lifeguards. This would never have happened if he had been in the area where swimming is allowed.\" When reporters asked Jesse's uncle how he had had the courage to fight a shark , he replied, \"I was mad and you do some strange things when you're mad.\" \n Answer: Swimming in a dangerous area",
            "output": [
                "What was the boy doing when the accident happened?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b9657c491c9e496aa6eaf9f9d5b2ab36",
            "input": "Article: Much of Canada's forestry production goes towards making pulp  and paper. According to the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Canada supplies 34% of the world's wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be preserved. Recently, a possible alternative way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp. Hemp has been grown by many countries. It produces fiber which can be made into paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries because it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a world-wide trading network would not have been possible without hemp. Nowadays, ships' cables are usually made from wire, but scientists are now suggesting that the growing of hemp should be revived  for the production. According to its supporters, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the large-scale growing of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canada's forests. However, there is a problem: hemp is illegal in many countries of the world. This plant, so useful for fiber, rope, oil, fuel and textiles, is a species related to the plant from which marijuana  is produced. In fact, marijuana cannot be produced from the hemp plant, since it contains almost no THC(the active ingredient in the drug). In recent years, a movement for legalization has been gathering strength. It is concerned only with the hemp plant used to produce fiber; this group wants to make it legal to grow the plant and sell the fiber for production. \n Answer: Pulp and paper export is a major source of income for Canada.",
            "output": [
                "Why is pulp and paper production important to Canada?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-267ef23f9265428c906fb13c2cb90259",
            "input": "Article: Each of us can live strong,healthy,energetic lives for a long time to come.The key?Actually,there are many of them. Eat fewer calories,but more food Slimming down can help prevent disease,and cutting way back on the amount you eat may even slow the aging process.When nutrition researchers invited themselves over for dinner in kitchens across the globe-from Greece to Japan to the state of Pennsylvania--they discovered a stomach-satisfying secret to good health:Pile your plate high with vegetables and fruits,add respectable parts of beans and whole grains,and ignore high-calorie food like cheeseburgers,cream sauces,and fatty meats. Use exercise as an anti-aging vaccine Exercise can help you gain a better quality of life as you age.It's no secret that physical activity strengthens muscles,burn calories,and puts a happy bounce in your step.But recently,researchers discovered a new,extra benefit:Exercise acts as a powerful way against the aging process itself. When exercise physiologists put healthy people aged 60 to 85 on Weight-training programs for six months then tested them for signs of free-radical  damage,they were surprised by the results.By the end of the study,low-intensity exercisers had a drop in free-radical damage,while high-intensity exercisers had a slight increase. Find something interesting to do Life is always busy no matter what your age.But the truth is,when people are retired,time usually does become more available for adults after 60.With this time come choices.The easy one is merely to relax:watch more TV,eat out more often,talk on the phone as much as you want.The better choice? Discover something more meaningful to devote yourself to and do it wholeheartedly. \n Answer: Whole grains.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is what you should eat more?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-45455ed291c3432ca57f5a17b830a22e",
            "input": "Article: The girl was hanging by her hands from the railings of a balcony . The balcony was on the twelfth floor of the high-rise block next to his. His flat was on the ninth floor and he had to look up to see her. It was half-past six in the morning. He had been awakened by the sound of an aircraft flying dangerously low overhead, and had got out of bed to look. His sleepy eyes, moved from the blue sky which was empty of cloud, empty of anything but the bright disappearing arrow of the aircraft, and then rested on the hanging figure. He really thought he must be dreaming, for this sunrise time was the hour for dreams. Then, when he knew he wasn't, he decided it must be a scene in a film. There were cameramen down there, a whole film unit, and all the correct safety precautions had been taken. Probably the girl wasn't even a real girl, but a dummy . He opened the window and looked down. The car park, paved courts, grass spaces between the blocks, all were deserted. On the balcony rail one of the dummy's hands moved, desperately. He had to believe then what was obviously happening. The girl was trying to kill herself. She had lost her courage and now was trying to stay alive. All these thoughts and conclusions of his occupied about thirty seconds. Then he acted. He picked up the phone and dialed the emergency number for the police. The arrival of the police cars and the rescue of the girl became the focus of talk for the people of the two blocks. Someone found out that it was he who had called the police and he became an unwilling hero. He was a modest, quiet young man, and was in relief when the talk began to die away. Again he was able to enter and leave his flat without being pointed at as a kind of St George and sometimes even congratulated. About a fortnight after that morning, he was getting ready to go to the theatre, just putting on his overcoat, when the doorbell rang. He didn't recognize the girl who stood outside. He had never seen her face. She said, \"I'm Lydia Simpson. You saved my life. I've come to thank you.\" \n Answer: He went to see the noisy aircraft.",
            "output": [
                "What did the man do first after he got up?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9178733e5db54ce78a328d393fef6162",
            "input": "Article: Twenty years seems like a long time to remember the name of a mere acquaintance.I have forgotten the  name of an old lady,who was a customer on the paper route in my hometown when I was a twelve-year-old boy.Yet it exists in my memory that she taught me a lesson in forgiveness which I shall never forget.     On a winter afternoon.a friend and I were throwing stones onto the roof of a house for fun.I was brave  enough to find a big rock and threw it out.Unfortunately,the rock was so heavy that it didn't fly onto the roof  but into the room through the window.At the sound of crashed glass,we knew we were in trouble and ran  away.     I was so scared about being caught that I didn't go to deliver newspapers to the old lady for a few days.The next week,when I gave her the paper again,she still greeted me with a big smile as usual.I felt so guilty,however,so I made up my mind that I would save my paper delivery money to cover the cost of her window.I made it.Three weeks later,I saved seven dollars and put them in an envelope with a note explaining that 1 was sorry for breaking her window and that I hoped the money could repair it.I waited until it was dark,and put the envelope in her door secretly.     The next day,I handed the old lady her paper and was able to return the warm smile that I was receiving  from her.She thanked me and gave me a bag of delicious cookies she had made herself.     Reaching for the cookies,I felt an envelope and pulled it out of the bag.When I opened the envelope,I  was surprised.Inside were the seven dollars and a short note saying,\"I am proud of you.\" \n Answer: The old lady didn't know who broke the window.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4221011a7abc413b8840e00841dad0ee",
            "input": "Article: Comfort zone is the mental place surrounded by borders in our mind where we feel secure.Even though this comfort area and its boundaries are just a state of mind that has nothing to do with reality,it plays a huge role in the progress of our development.Since the comfort zone is limited,there is not much benefit for you inside your comfort zone.Nothing new will happen until you open yourself and leave your comfort zone. Even though your background may be affecting your present situation,what really matters is not where you were born,your skin color,race,age,gender,religion,government,or even the poor environment in which you have been living for so many years,but what really matters and makes a big difference in your life is your attitude,to understand your comfort zone,how you limit yourself within it,who you are,why you behave the way you do it,and mainly where you are going. Sadly many people don't go anywhere because they stay within their comfort zone.They accept defeat after defeat before even trying or knowing how capable or valuable they really are.These circumstances are not the cause of our actual situation but the conformism   and the poverty of our thoughts and therefore the weakness of our broken spirit. Leave your past behind;constantly transcend   your comfort zone!Your past within this comfort zone is nothing but a wasted load that you don't need to carry at all. Take constant action as many times as it is  required and never,never quit. As Napoleon Hill said,\"A quitter never wins and a winner never quits. Defeat is never a failure;no circumstance ever is failure until it is accepted by the individual as a failure.\" Nothing is impossible for an optimist attitude;everything is possible when we start blindly trusting ourselves,when we have a burning desire to succeed and a blind determination to make our dreams come true;everything is possible when we don't take a no for an answer. \n Answer: A secret place in our mind where we communicate with ourselves.",
            "output": [
                "What is comfort zone according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e55b4c24b5a34292a10cea04be4fcbac",
            "input": "Article: Environmentalists said our planet was doomed to die. Now one man says they are wrong. \"Everyone knows the planet is in bad shape,\" thundered a magazine article last year. Species are being driven to die out at record rates, and the rivers are so poisonous that fish are floating on the surface, dead.     But there's a growing belief that what everyone takes for granted is wrong: things are actually getting better. A new book is about to overturn our most basic assumptions about the world's environment. Rivers, seas, rain and the atmosphere are all getting cleaner. The total amount of forests in the world is not declining. The Skeptical Environmentalist by Bjorn Lomborg, professor of statistics at the University of Aarhus in Denmark, is an attack on the misleading claims of environmental groups, and the \"bad news\" culture that makes people believe everything is getting worse.     Now the attacks are increasingly coming from left-wing environmentalists such as Lomborg, a former member of Greenpeace. The accusation is that, although the environment is improving, green groups -- with profits of hundreds of millions of pounds a year -- are using scare tactics   to gain donations. Lomborg's book doesn't deny global warming -- probably the biggest environmental threat -- but destroys almost every other environmental claim with many official statistics.     The Worldwatch Institute claims that \"deforestation   has been accelerating over the last 30 years\". But Lomborg says that is simply rubbish. Since the dawn of agriculture the world has lost about 20 per cent of its forest cover, but in recent decades the forest area's depleting has come to a stop. According to UN figures, the area of forests has remained almost steady, at about 30 percent of total land area, since the 1940s. Forests in countries such as the US, the UK and Canada have actually been expanding over the past 40 years. Despite all the warnings the Amazon rainforest has only shrunk by about 15 percent.     Nor are all our species dying out. Some campaigners claim that 50 percent of all species will have died out within 50 years. But other studies show only 0.08 percent of species are dying out each year. Conservation efforts have been successful. Whales are no longer threatened and the bald eagle is off the endangered list. Environmental groups claim that many of the improvements are the results of the success of their campaigns. Stephen Tindale, director of Greenpeace UK, said, \"There are important examples, such as acid rain and ozone, where things aren't as bad as predicted, and that's because behavior has changed.\" \n Answer: The world's environment is improving.",
            "output": [
                "In his book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, what is Lomborg's main argument?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8de99865bf684e778984d725c28a02d9",
            "input": "Article: You feel generally depressed and unable to concentrate. Your pattern of daily activity may change:you find yourself awake and active in the middle of the night;you sleep late into the day.  You stay in your room and have little contact with people except with those who speak your language. In your mind,you criticize the people around you;You are constantly comparing between life here and the perfect life back home. Above a11, you are homesick almost all the time. If you ever find yourself behaving in these ways,you are probably suffering from culture shock. Culture shock is a psychological condition that sometimes has physical effects. It affects people who have moved away from an environment where they know how to live into a new environment where much is unfamiliar to them-the food,the weather, the language,and especially the unwritten rules for social behavior. Culture shock is caused. therefore,by a lack of familiarity with the system of rules that the new society uses for everyday living. Language is an obvious example of one type of these rules. If your language is limited,even the simplest task can suddenly become difficult for you. However, knowledge of the language doesn't make you free from the effects of culture shock as many Britons in the United States and many Americans in Britain will experience. Most people are unaware that each culture has its own rules for social behavior;they certainly think that polite, civilized people behave the same way worldwide. This mistaken belief will cause you to behave and judge the behavior of others according to the rules you learned as a member of your own culture. If the rules are different, then people will misunderstand your behavior, and you will misunderstand theirs. How can you deal with culture shock? First, you need to realize that every newcomer suffers from some culture shock. You're not the only case. Second,remember that culture shock can be cured. The process of recovery will start as you begin to become used to the new culture. Of course learning the language will help remove the _ to communication and will ease the job of making Mends with people. Recognizing and learning the new cultural rules of behavior, however, may be just as important. You'll still have emotional reactions to unfamiliar situations but you'11 find yourself making jokes about them rather than condemning the entire society as \"stupid.\" The jokes are a good sign:they show that you are recovering. \n Answer: You are about to recover from culture shock.",
            "output": [
                "What can be concluded when you find yourself making jokes about new culture?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dfaece392d6c437a99a9f19be544cdc7",
            "input": "Article: A poem starts with a thought, an idea, or an emotion felt from the heart.Poems can be happy or sad, deep-thinking or even humorous.The choice is up to you and your imagination as to what you will create. Your first step is to write down the idea or thought that you have and you want to turn into a poem.Next, you should turn the thought into a free verse poem.Free verse poems are much easier to write as there are no _ rules to write them.Some free verse doesn't even have any rhyme or meter. Now, rewrite your thoughts into lines.Now is the time to look at your lines and remember that the poem should have a beginning, a middle, and an end, just like a story, a book, or a movie. Reread your poem several times and listen to the words and to the rhythm of each line.Now is the time to shorten or lengthen each line in order to create a smooth-sounding poem.Even though it is a free verse poem, you can choose to make each line rhyme with the next line if you want to. Now go back and reread your poem again. Check for proper punctuation as well as for the proper spelling of each word. Think up a suitable title for your poem. It would be a good idea to set your poem aside for a while and then return to it later. Then, reread it again with a fresh mind and make some necessary changes. If you decided to continue writing poetry, it would be a good idea to investigate  some books about creating poetry, and to attend some local workshops. Check out the available resources on the Internet as well as what is available at your local public library. \n Answer: There is still a lot to learn about writing good poems.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from the end of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-50c5a84c30204d008cc37416bc3b2afd",
            "input": "Article: Computer programmer David Jones earns $35.000 a year designing new computer games. yet he cannot find a bank ready to let him have a credit card Instead he has been told to wait another two years until he is 18. The 16-year-old works for a small firm in Liverpool where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job David's firm releases two new games for the fast growing computer market each month But David's biggest headache is what to do with his money. Even though he earns a lot he cannot drive a car take out a mortgage ,or get credit cards David got his job with the Liverpool-based company four months ago ,a year after leaving school with six O-levels and working for a time in a computer shop. \"I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programs\" he said David spends some of his money on records and clothes and gives his mother 50 pounds a week But most of his spare time is spent working. \"Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school \" he said \"But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school Most people in this business are fairly young, anyway\" David added :\"I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement is a possibility You never know when the market might disappear.\" \n Answer: He graduated with six O-levels",
            "output": [
                "In what way is David different from people of his age?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe249b0586704a9e8767c62263a40158",
            "input": "Article: The $ 11 billion self - help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like \" I never do anything right\" into positive ones like \"I can succeed.\" But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking? Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are. The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, _ In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written. In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students' self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, \"I am lovable.\" Those with low self-esteem didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts. The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy   that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation   techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking. \n Answer: Encouraging positive thinking many do more harm than good.",
            "output": [
                "What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bae0558900a940ef82a28da88b1e4d6f",
            "input": "Article: Beijing Acrobatic   Show in Chaoyang Theatre Introduction of Acrobatic Show: This is the entertainment that should not be missed by the young and old on a visit to Beijing. You can see breath-holding acrobatics, some of which can be so demanding in the balance skill as to be close to the impossible. This time you can see the bicycling show-- ten cycling girls all ending up on a bicycle with their fans spread out like a peacock. There are also girls bending and folding their bodies to a position where the feet hold the face and the head and hands are still balancing some glasses. Other exciting acts are the martial arts  , balancing of bowls, rope walking, pole climbing, roller skating and plate swirling  , etc. Ticket Prices Two daily acrobatic shows from 5:15 pm to 7:15 pm. The detailed price is as follows  (including 5-65 years old): Yellow Zone: (Mid Rows 14-23) RMB 120  Blue Zone: (Mid Rows 1-4) RMB 160  Green Zone: (Mid Rows 8-13) RMB 220  Red VIP Zone: (Mid Rows 5-7) RMB 400  Booking Book at beijing-travels.com or call 13801067568 Booking information: Your Name, Shows, Date, Time, Tickets, Telephone Number  We will explain your enquiry  or confirm booking within one working day. When your booking is confirmed, you will receive a confirmation letter by e-mail, which includes the detailed tickets with prices. Payment Please pay cash to our clerks when you get to the theater. Both RMB and US dollar are acceptable. \n Answer: It will last two days, from 5:15 pm to 7:15 pm each day.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the acrobatic show?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d48ac646cdfa4f399a2f438ad709c15d",
            "input": "Article: With limited pocket money in hand,many Chinese college students are increasingly opting to live life \"low cost\".One way to save money is teambuying.Online teambuying offers huge discounts and becomes popular on campus. Li Jing,a student at China Youth University for Political Sciences,for example,says she often buys movie tickets on teambuying websites.But while they offer a good opportunity to save money,Li said she would \"think twice before buying them from online stores\".Because many of them are \"a bit chaotic  \",and have fake goods mixed among them.Then why don't the students just earn more pocket money by taking up parttime jobs?Guo Na,a teacher at the Communication University of China,said most college students were unlikely to choose workstudy programs to earn pocket money because of their intensive study schedules. A kind of card called \"VELO\" has become another ideal choice for many money savers.It provides allround discounts while dining out or shopping in general.Cao Zuyang,a student at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,often searches for sales online and buys things together with friends to cut down on costs.Cao once wanted to buy an electromagnetic oven  ,which was on sale at a shopping website.He then asked five dormitory roommates to pitch in for the oven.Each student only paid 25 yuan. Most students find it difficult to deal with the expense of accommodation while traveling.So they choose to travel to cities where they have friends and live in their dorms.For instance,Ge Rui,a student at the Hebei University of Technology,has been to many cities where he has friends.\"Friends can act as free guides,offer me free accommodation,give me valuable tour information,and broaden my mind at the same time,\" he said.He also had friends from other cities coming over and living with him when they visited his city. \n Answer: The ways of saving money on campus.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer mainly tell us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-296e6ccb8d424a80b974adcb3d548b0a",
            "input": "Article: The food on the moon has come a long way from the freeze - dried bread to half - dried food. They have changed a lot in the past few years. And now US scientists want to grow vegetables in mini - greenhouses on the moon. Scientists say they are looking forward to a time when people on the moon or even Mars will be able to eat green and fresh vegetables. Paragon Space Development Corporation has shown people what it called the first step toward growing flowers - and finally food - on the moon. Paragon, which is a partner of NASA in experiments at the International Space Station, calls it a \"Lunar Oasis  \" This is a closed greenhouse placed in a metal box. It is designed to safely land a laboratory plant on the moon surface, and protect it while it grows. The small greenhouse is to be sent up into space by Odyssey Moon Ltd, which takes part in the Google Lunar X Prize. This competition offers $ 20 million to any company which can send up, land and operate a lunar rover   on the moon surface. Leaders of Paragon say future testing of the \"Lunar Oasis\" will be driven by Odyssey's flight schedule, which will not happen until 2012 at the earliest. When it is sent up, the greenhouse will have the seeds   of cabbage inside it. Because they go from seed to flower in just 14 days, they can complete their life cycle in a lunar night. \"Growing plants on the Moon or Mars seems so far away, but it is important that we do this research now,\" Paragon president Jane Poynter said. \"It takes a long time to do a lot of research.\" \n Answer: It will protect plats to grow on the moon.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about \"Lunar Oasis\" from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5464fb0af3954abc9ccc893de1f85116",
            "input": "Article: The uninvolved dad, turning up his nose at diapering  and too busy to bathe, dress and play with his kids,  is mostly a myth  , a big government survey suggests.  Most American fathers say they are heavily involved in hands-on parenting, the researchers found. The results are encouraging and important \" because others have found the more involved dads  are, the better the outcomes for their children. \" said researcher Jo Jones of the National Center for  Health Statistics, part of the Centers for Disease Control Prevention. She co-authored the report  released Friday. \"Times have changed,\" said Robert Loftus, 34, of Yonkers, NY. He quit a six-figure sales  job a year ago to care for his two young children while his wife works full time. \"We are trying to  rethink our priorities    and family seem to be N0 1  priority while in the past maybe people were more focused on career. \" The study involved nearly 4.000 fathers who were interviewed in person between 2009 and 2013. *Key findings among fathers living with children younger than 5 : *9 in 10 bathed, diapered, helped them use the toilet or get dressed at least several times weekly . * Even higher numbers played with them and ate meals with them that often * Almost 2 0ut of 3 read to them at least several times weekly. *Among dads living with kids aged 5-18. * More than 9 0ut of 10 ate meals with them at least several times weekly and talked with them about what happened during the kids' day that often. * Almost 2 0ut of 3 helped with homework several times weekly. * About half took their kids to or from activities that often. Dr. David Hill, a Wilmington, N. C. pediatrician   said the survey reflects what he's seen among his patients'  fathers.  Increasingly, fathers rather than mothers take their kids to the doctor.  Some \"are anxious about changing a diaper, \"  he said. Census  numbers show that there were almost 190,000 stay-at-home dads nationwide last year versus 93,000 in 2010.  Loftus, the New York stay-at-home dad, said, \"I feel fortunate to be able to be such a hands-on father.  I'm doing the most significant occupation in the world. \" \n Answer: It mainly surveyed fathers' living with young kids.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6126dd08bc6e46d0b36d570f64deba89",
            "input": "Article: Eco City Farms  are becoming more popular in cities and towns around the Unites States. Eco City Farms in Edmonton, Maryland, is located near shopping centers, car repair shops and homes. The neighborhood is a working-class community . People do not have very much money. And they have limited access to fresh food in markets. Over the past two years, the farm has attracted volunteers from the community like Marcy Clark. She schools her four children at home. On a recent day she brought them to Eco City Farms for a lesson. Her son Alston Clark thinks his experience is very valuable.\"I like coming out here,\"he says,\"You know, you connect with the earth, where your food comes from. You appreciate the food a little bit more.\" Margaret Morgan started Eco City Farms. She thinks of it as a place where people can learn to live healthier lives. \"Growing food in a community brings people together,\"she continues,\"Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration  to show people everything about how to have an eco-friendly community.\"she says. From the Eco City Farms people come to know that they are not only growing food and raising chickens and bees, but improving the soil with compost made from food waste. Eco City Farms is an experimental operation. The farm gets its power not from the local electricity networks, but from the sun with solar panels. In winter, the green house use a geothermal system. Vegetables can be grown all year. So once a week, all winter long, neighbors like Chris Moss and her three children bike to the farm to pick up a share of the harvest. \"I like eating the vegetables \"say five-year-old Owen Moss. \n Answer: Eco City Farms are gaining popularity.",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly talked about in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e62170c69ec4c6ba1f749cbc4086bbe",
            "input": "Article: I finished my last evening shift of the week and could hardly wait to get home. I took off my nursing shoes, relaxed and then said goodnight to the rest of the girls and headed out of the door. It was so cold and I could see the ice crystals in the air. As I approached my car, I saw one of my coworkers standing by the bus stop. I thought it would only take a couple of extra minutes to give her a ride home, and besides, it was too cold to be standing outside on the coldest night in January. We chatted as I drove and before we knew it, we arrived at her house. As she headed up the steps to her door she turned around. \"Do you know how to get to your house from here?\" \"How hard can it be? I'll just backtrack the way I came.\" I started driving. Nothing looked familiar, but at first that didn't bother me since I'd never been to this neighborhood before. I kept driving, and soon I sensed that something was wrong. I recognized nothing, not the neighborhoods, not even the street names. My husband would be worried about me. I looked down at my watch. It was now 2:30. I'd left work at 11:30 pm. I stopped my car. I thought I'd better take stock of my situation. My gas gauge   was slowly going down. In total defeat I put my head down on the steering wheel and asked for help. I lifted my head. I saw a shadow down the road in front of me. It was a car. What was a car doing in the middle of nowhere at 2:30 in the morning? Hesitantly, I got out of my car and knocked on the window of the other car. An elderly man slowly rolled his window down. I said, \"I'm lost and don't know how to get back into town.\" In silence, he started driving. I drove behind him. Finally I recognized a familiar street. As I turned to head home, I lost sight of my guiding angel. When I pulled into my driveway the warning light for my gas tank turned on. \n Answer: To consider and judge the situation.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer stop her car?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-523f9277f35944d1975ecfc446d6c6ca",
            "input": "Article: Around the world coral reefs  are facing threats  brought by climate change and great changes in sea temperatures. While ocean warming has been the primary focus for scientists and ocean policy managers, cold events can also whiten corals. A new study by scientists compared damaged to corals exposed to heat as well as cold stress. The results show that cool temperatures can cause more damage in the short term, but heat is more destructive  in the long run. Climate change is widely known to produce warming conditions in the oceans, but extreme cold-water events have become more frequent and serious as well. In 2010, for example, coral reefs around the world faced on of the coldest winters and one of the hottest summers on record. During a unique experiment, corals under cold temperatures suffered greater damage in just days compared with heat treated corals. Yet the researchers found that corals were eventually able to adjust to the cold conditions, make their health stable and continue to grow. However, over the long term corals subjected to heat suffered more greatly than those in cold, with evidence of severe whitening and growth stoppage, which leads to death. The coral's ability to adjust to cool temperatures surprised the researchers, who say the study's results show the complexities  of monitoring coral health in response to different environmental factors . \"Global warming is associated with increases but also decreases of temperatures,\" said Deheyn, one of the researchers. \"Not much has been known about the comparative effects of temperature decrease on corals. These results are important because they show that corals react differently to temperature differences, which is important for future management of coral reefs in the field of climate change.\" \n Answer: Heat and cold damage corals in their own ways.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ece029ff5fca476da6ab09cd8967151e",
            "input": "Article: The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers.It has been made to help you better manage your money.The Winners Club is a transaction account   where you receive a key-card so you can get to your money 24/7 --that's 24 hours a day, 7 days a week! It's a club with impressive features for teenagers: *No account keeping fees! You're no millionaire so we don't expect you to pay large fees.In fact, there are no accounts keeping or transaction fees! *Excellent interest rates! You want your money to grow.The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits   without taking them out in a month. *Convenient Teenagers are busy --we get that.You may never need to come to a bank at all.With the Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet.You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account.This could be your pocket money or your pay from your part-time job! *Mega magazine included Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money.There are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club members. The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers.And it is so easy to join.Simply fill in an application form.You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian (so we can organize that cool key-card) but it is easy.We can't wait to hear from you.It's the best way to choose to be a winner! \n Answer: Fees are necessary for the account keeping.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about the Winners Club?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-31481ed567654fefb42b7c4db7b94c22",
            "input": "Article: The Catskill Mountains are a year-round playground for outdoor enthusiasts and nature lovers. You will find a number of relaxing inns ready to meet your needs. Caleb Street's Inn Located in the historic village of Catskill at the base of the mountains, Caleb Street's Inn was built in 1785. It provides a view of the garden and Catskill Creek or guests can step outside for a walk along the Hudson River. A full breakfast is served every morning. Each of the four Pet-friendly rooms offers a private bath and a view of the river and neighboring buildings. Hiking trails , golf courses and historic sites are only a short drive away. Winter Clove Inn Nature lovers can enjoy a pleasant location in the Northern Catskill Wilderness Preserve at Winter Clove Inn. With wood floors, each room has a private bath and air conditioning . With active days of tennis, hiking or cross- country skiing ahead, guests don't have to go far for a breakfast, lunch or dinner beside the fireplace at inn's restaurant. Windham House A former pub built in 1805, Christman's Windham House is the oldest inn continually operating in the Catskills. The 300 acres of grounds in the town of Windham include a tennis court, golf course, heated pool and a restaurant. Guests can relax on private balconies   overlooking a golf course and take their meals at Christman's Windham House Restaurant. The inn is less than 2 miles from the hiking trails of Windham Mountain. Washington Irving In If you're looking for a mountain inn with a Victorian feel, Washington Irving Inn has much to offer. Furnished with antiques, each of the 15 rooms has a private bath. Free breakfast is served. Hikers are a short walk from Kaaterskill Falls and Hunter Mountain trails. \n Answer: It has a golf course for guest",
            "output": [
                "What is special about Caleb Street's Inn?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ee100ffd38d34a0d8cab900ea61fad11",
            "input": "Article: Attractions in Wisconsinks5u Wisconsin Historical Museum 30 N. Carroll Street on Madison's Capitol Square Discover Wisconsin's history and culture on four floors of exhibits. Open for public programs. Admission is free. Open Tuesday through Saturday, 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. (608)264-6555 www.wisconsinhistory.org/museum Swiss Historical Village 612 Seventh Ave, New Glarus The Swiss Historical Village offers a delightful look at pioneer life in America's heartland. 14 buildings in the village give a full picture of everyday life in the nineteenth-century Midwest. Tue. - Fri., May 1st- Oct. 31st, 10:a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Admission is$20. (608)527-2317 www.swisshistoricalvillage.com Artisan Gallery & Greamery Cafe 6858 Paoli Rd, Paoli, WI One of the largest collections of fine arts and crafts in Wisconsin. Over 5,000 sq. ft. of exhibiton space in a historical creamery. While visiting enjoy a wonderfully prepared lunch at our cafe overlooking   the Sugar River. Just minutes from Madison! Galleriy open Tue. - Sun., 10:00 a.m. -5:00 p.m. Cafe open Wed. - Sat., 11:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Sun. brunch with wine, 10:00 a.m. -3:00 p.m. (608)845-6600 www.artisangal.com   Christopher Columbus Museum 239 Whitney St. Columbus World-class exhibit - 2000 quality souvenirs  marking Chicago's 1893 World Columbus Exhibition. Tour buses are always welcome. Open daily, 8:15 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. (920)623-1992 www.columbusantiquemall.com \n Answer: Wisconsin Historical Museum.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is on Capitol Square?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d5b1721520234808aad6c11af07c4471",
            "input": "Article: Plants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds.It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack our economic plants; forty are known to attack corn, and about as many attack wheat.The results of unchecked plant disease are all too obvious in countries which have marginal food supplies.The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate.Even in countries which are now amply fed by their agricultural products there could soon be the major crops; the resulting famines  could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political upheavals  disastrous to the order of the world. Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them.A blight   may be but a local infection easily controlled; on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation.An example is the blight which killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America.Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century.As a result of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related ailments. Plant pathologists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens of the various diseases.Bacteria may invade a plant through an infestation of insect parasites carrying the pathogen.A plant can also be inoculated by man.Other diseases might be caused by fungus which attacks the plant in the form of a model or smut or rust.Frequently such a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result form its lack of tolerance.The symptoms  shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria  which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by a primary virus infection. \n Answer: Around 40",
            "output": [
                "How many diseases are known to attack wheat?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-56f7f88f1f21457fa3f5f3a6482d3d33",
            "input": "Article: While car sharing is a concept that's catching on, old-fashioned carpooling where a group of people take turns driving each other to work has always faced a resistance  . In a study on traffic problems by ABC News, 84% of those who drive to work say that they still do it alone. More than half those lone riders insist that carpooling is just too inconvenient, and 18% say they simple don't know anyone to share a ride with. Now technology makes carpooling easier and more fun. NuRide, a company provided an online carpooling service last year, offers daily travelers in the Washington area not just a web-based list of would-be carpoolers but also a way to arrange a trip online. Here's how it works: rider seekers enter the positions where their trip will begin and end, the time they want to leave and if they're willing to drive or just ride in someone else's car. The website's search engine then looks for matches and makes lists of the names of traveling companions, along with the car model and the exact time and place to meet for each trip. People who want to share the ride can show their interest in joining in online and then meet their car mates when it's time to go. NuRide users aren't riding with total strangers. They are required to provide the name of their employer and a work e-mail address, both of which need to be checked before being listed on the website. To attract users, NuRide offers a frequent rider prize: anyone who shares a ride gets a $1 credit. So far, 2,300 people have signed up. NuRide CEO Rick Steele said that more than 50,000 rides have been arranged on the website, resulting in 1.4 million fewer miles driven and 650 fewer tons of automobile emissions  . \n Answer: Most people think it is inconvenient.",
            "output": [
                "What has the study found about people's opinion on carpooling?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-01a04861c17147a7b4202f8fb933240f",
            "input": "Article: One day Robin went with his family to eat in a restaurant. They were sitting at a table and waiting for their meal. Suddenly, everyone around them started to cover their noses. Some of them even left their tables and went away. When Robin's family turned around to see what had caused this, they saw two homeless boys. The boys looked dirty and smelled bad. But both boys were smiling and had beautiful blue eyes. They were looking for someone kind. One of the boys went to the counter and he counted the coins he had. The other boy looked sick and he stood quietly. The young lady at the counter asked the boy what they wanted. He said, \"We only want a cup of coffee. \" That was all they could afford. They wanted to sit in the restaurant and warm up. It was really cold outside. But to sit inside the restaurant, they had to buy something. When Robin's mother saw this, she wanted to help the boys. She ordered some more food. Then she went to the two boy's table. She put the food on the table. The boys looked up at her and said, \"Thank you. \" When Robin saw what his mother did, he understood what the unconditional( ) love was. His mother treated those boys kindly. She did not expect anything in return. Now Robin saves his own pocket money and helps homeless people whenever he can. \n Answer: There wasn't enough food in the restaurant.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following caused some people to leave their table?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1bfa89e85df342738628ab808064b623",
            "input": "Article: A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children. Although rather shocking, it should not surprise anyone who has seen the doggy parlors  where loved pets rest. Are Americans unique in treating their little friends in this way? No, the English, too, pay more attention to their pets. This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods, which often contain more vitamins than human food. They certainly cost much. Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, to say nothing of veterinary bills or animal furniture. It is difficult not to feel angry about this when considering what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, so it is not unusual for me _ when I read an old man left all his money to his dog instead of his children. There are a variety of reasons why I find pets-raising alarming. They cause physical problems. An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets. Many people find this funny, but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. Animals can cause disease, too. It is the threat of rabies -- a disease with no known cure. Another problem is the carelessness of pet owners. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually push their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the \"sweet little thing\" has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on \"Rover\" or \"Bonzo\". Then they just abandon it. As a result, they are allowed to run free. English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someone's pet and you must have read of children being hurt by some pets of their own. Lastly, I would only suggest that we have got our priorities wrong and that something should be done about it. In my view, it's time we stopped being sentimental about pets. I can see no reason why we should get upset when animals are cut up for medical experiments. This will lead us to discovering cures for serious human diseases, then I say, \"keep cutting!\" \n Answer: Sports.",
            "output": [
                "According to the author, in which field can animals be most useful?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f035e9e5130a420abef94ad26934f958",
            "input": "Article: His eyes nearly in tears from the crush of fellow travelers at Guangzhou's train station, Hong Tao said things were much better on Sunday, after days of waiting for a train to his home in Hubei province. \"I think it's fine today, and everything is going smoothly,\" the 28-year-old said. \"I thought it would be really crowded but it has turned out to be OK.\" Chinese authorities say they expect 1.3 million people to travel out of Guangzhou's train station over the next few days, as they rush to get home by Wednesday, the eve of Lunar New Year. Hong's optimism may have been helped by the blue skies that emerged over Guangzhou on Sunday for the first time in a week. Last week, a rare winter storm paralyzed China's transportation system as millions tried to get home to celebrate the holiday -- the only chance for many migrant workers to see their families all year. China's state-run Xinhua news agency said Friday that 95 percent of rail traffic had \"returned to normal.\" But Guangzhou's train station remained packed with a backlog of hundreds of thousands of travelers hoping to get home for the holiday. A young woman was stepped on in a stampede   at the train station Friday, and later died of her injuries, according to Xinhua. Video of the situation on Friday showed crowds of people screaming, elbowing each other, in some cases sobbing and collapsing in the rush to get a slot (,) on a train. China Sunday announced it has organized over 300,000 People's Liberation Army forces to southern China in what it described as a \"war on winter weather\". The government also announced a $700 million plan to help farmers whose crops have been destroyed. \n Answer: Five days.",
            "output": [
                "How many days is it from the day this article was made to the Lunar New Year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff623f1b7e204bb881b87ac0e04c410f",
            "input": "Article: There's no place in the world like Venice, Italy. Called the City of Water, Venice was built about 1,500 years ago. It's made up of 118 tiny islands in the Adriatic Sea. The area, however, may be in over its head. But now scientists have a new plan to save the city. Because the city was built on soft soil, it has been sinking under the pressure of its own weight. Scientists estimate that Venice sinks at a rate of nearly 2 inches every 100 years. Rising sea levels could make Venice go under even faster, some experts say. Earth's temperature is slowly increasing. That is causing sea ice to melt, which makes the world's waters rise, they say. To keep the city afloat, experts want to pump about 40 billion gallons of sea water beneath Venice. The liquid would expand the sand under the city, which would help support the islands, explains lead scientist Giuseppe Gambolati. Experts are rushing to save Venice because of its rich history. The city was once a strong sea power. \"Many famous artists and opera singers have come from Venice. Some of the world's greatest paintings can be found on the city's museum walls,\" explains Melissa Conn, who is a director of Save Venice Inc. While scientists work to get their water-pumping plan approved, Venice's residents go about their normal routines. When the tide rolls in, the locals have ways of keeping everyone dry. Cafe owners move tables to higher ground, and hotels pass out high boots to guests. Still, dealing with the rising water does not give the city's residents a sinking feeling, just ask Erla Zwingle. She has lived in Venice for 17 years. \"There has always been high water in Venice.\" Zwingle told WR News. \"If high water really were a serious problem, people wouldn't be still living here.\" \n Answer: Its underground water is being overused.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main reason Venice is sinking?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c42af7eaca5649ad8fb8906afed6e90a",
            "input": "Article: The first ting we do is to put an APB and this goes to all the police stations in the country. Next we telephone the hospitals. Often the person we are looking for has been in an accident. Then we might try parents, friends or relatives they might be with. We try to follow their movements and to find the last person they saw in local or national papers--especially papers they might read. There are other things we can do: put posters in places where they might be, go on television. Here in America there is a magazine in which there are photographs of missing children. This is often the last hope. Of course, with nearly two million missing children every year, we can't do all these things for everyone. We haven't got the time, or the money , or the people who work for it. \n Answer: Missing children.",
            "output": [
                "Who do they look for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fcffbbe47df54b74b205873eb7f05361",
            "input": "Article: Americans plan parties for many reasons. As in other cultures, many Americans attend parties for weddings and religious or national holidays. But some parties are especially American. For example, a group of neighbors may gather on their street to eat food, play music and visit with one another. This is called a block party. A woman might invite a group of women to a party called a baby shower for a friend who is about to give birth. Guests bring presents for the new baby. Americans also attend tailgate parties. A tailgate is the back end of a truck or other vehicle that opens down. The tailgate parties are a big part of sports culture in the United States. Friends bring food and drink to a sports event. They eat together in the parking area of the sports stadium. Birthday parties are also very popular. Many parents organize a party for their child around a theme. Birthday parties usually include gifts and a birthday cake with candles. In many parts of the United States, cupcakes have become a popular replacement for cakes. Birthday parties can be low cost or very costly. Some parents take their children's birthday parties very seriously, even when the child is too young to fully understand the celebration. One group of parents started a website called Birthdays Without Pressure. They decided that some parents were under too much social pressure to plan costly parties for their children. The group sees this movement as an example of America's culture of \"too much stuff\". The group's website gives suggestions on how to keep birthday celebrations simple, meaningful and fun without spending a lot of money. Their advice may be very helpful during this period of economic recession  . \n Answer: Different parties in the world",
            "output": [
                "What can be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a4649bd6d06d4e23b0e60accdf7c41b0",
            "input": "Article: I was fairly new to this particular school since my parents only moved to the area. There was a boy, who, as it turned out, was an orphan and was living and working for a small farming family. He didn't appear at first glance to ever be fully engaged  in the school learning process;he would sit quietly, never seem to get any attention from the teacher, and would spend a lot of time staring out of the window just behind him. Over the next few weeks, I got to know this boy while playing outside in the schoolyard playing baseball, or soccer. He was very athletic and very good at anything we played. I started to wonder why he didn't seem to do well in school and why the teacher ignored him. He told me he had been in several foster   homes since he was a little boy and that most of his time in the last few years had always been on farms. He said he was made to work before he went to school and as soon as he got home until it was time for bed. He was never given a chance to go out and play, nor was he allowed to have any friends although he told me he really didn't have any friends anyway, because he was an orphan and they did not want anything to do with him. I had never before been acquainted with prejudice of any kind. Here was one characteristic of a human being who through no fault of his own carried a label that prevented him from even having friends as a child. His potential was also being ignored by the teacher. It wasn't that he couldn't learn, or didn't want to -- it was because he wasn't encouraged or in some cases, allowed to. We may all meet people through the years that we tend to apply labels   to without really taking the time to get to know them, to discover their real potential because our vision is clouded by how we always put people into _ that we are used to or comfortable with. \n Answer: He was not drawn into learning.",
            "output": [
                "What was the first impression that the boy gave the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-26a88d1fc2224f1ba0e2a72a37bb51f1",
            "input": "Article: I must first thank the writers and editors of Scienlljic American and Scientific American Mind for the excellent articles on which so much of this book is based; they arc acknowledged       in detail in the Sources. I am most grateful to he famous netunscicutists ( ) and experts who kindly gave their time to help re c son out what might be in the quite near future, and who have contributed much toneuroscience, especially R. Douglas Fields, Joseph l.cl)oux, Richard Davidson, Philip Kennedy, and Hank Greely, an expert on the legal, ethical, and social problems surrounding this brave new world of neuroscience. The captivating   concept for this book came from the creative and hard working team at Jossey-Bass. who arc much appreciated. For the second time, I want to give heartfelt thanks to my editor Alan Rinzler and senior editorial assistant Nana Twumasi. who have contributed so much to the shaping and creation of this book; Carol Hartland, production talent; l3ev Miller, much more than a copyeditor;first-rate writer researcher l3rianna Smith; Paula Goldstein. who designed the book's inside; and all the marketing people who put my book in your hands: Jennifer Wenzel. Erin 13carn. P. J. Campbell, Karen Warner. At Scie,rifre American, Diane McGarvey and Lisa Pallatroni were responsible fur finding archived  material of so many years. Thank you. My family, good friends, and fellow writers have once again listened to me struggle endlessly and talk wildly about the difficulties of writing about brain. Many thanks to you all, in particular to first readers Kelly A. Dakin (who corrected many of my errors and added valuable content). Ann Crew, Ferris Buck Kelley, Frank Urbanowski, and Andrea llurst (for sending this book my way) and the wonderfully productive and generous writing community of Sacramento. \n Answer: To show that so many well-known people have helped him recently.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's main purpose of writing the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-431069e43a7f44109c20be63d1322c98",
            "input": "Article: The rising sea waters caused by global warming have inspired a Russian architect to design a hotel that could be built on water as well as land.The eco-friendly \"Ark\" could be constructed in just a few months anywhere in the world, the designer says. It's called \"The Ark\",but looks more like a ship sitting upside down on the water.A new design by Russian architect A1exander Remizov challenges the tradition of land-based hotel and would provide a shelter in the future--should the world face a modern-day flood as described in the Bible. The building of the hotel could be fast and simple.\"Prefabricated section could be put together in three to four months,\" Remizov said. The versatile structure could be constructed in most corners of the earth, even in earthquake-prone areas.Constructing \"The Ark\"--which would include 14 000 square meters of living space---would cost roughly the same as building an energy-efficient house. The self-supporting structure would be built around a central post, connecting wind generators and heat pumps on its roof with the basement,where solar,wind,and thermal energy could be stored and turned into electricity. Remizov has designed the building without glass,choosing instead the lasting and self-cleaning foil that could defend itself against rough weather conditions.That foil would be fastened to metals,which would also collect rainwater.The building would also feature an indoor jungle, creating its microclimate. \n Answer: To attract more tourists.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of designing \"The Ark,?\""
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f176b2c086fa47159e38d589007771b4",
            "input": "Article: For the people living in the Nile Basin,the river is their life. This 6,825 km waterway,whose watershed   covers three million square kilometers,flows through mountains,woodlands,lakes and deserts. Its potential for fishing,tourism and shipping is great-but so are its challenges. Water shortage,already serious in Egypt and Sudan,will soon influence several other countries in the watershed as well. Today,about 160 million people depend on the Nile River for their living. Within the next 25 years,the district's population is expected to double,adding to the demand brought about by growth in industry and agriculture. The frequent drought adds to the urgency. Water quality is also a problem. Precious soil is washed out to sea. Wastes from industry and agriculture create pollution. Higher concentrations of salt influence irrigated soils. Water-borne diseases remain unchecked. In areas where it's hot and damp, _ grow so fast that they choke off lakes,dams and other sections of the river,making it difficult for fishing and other businesses to move forward. Native people along the narrow area of farmland have watched the sand move closer day by day. They've seen the river change course,and their only source of water thickened with mud. They're very poor and have few choices. But a new program,the Nile Basin Initiative(NBI),is offering very practical assistance. The program is more than just a water-management project. It's a plan for the social and economic development of a vast district: it concentrates on the needs of the poorest of the poor and the environment that supports them. These are whole ecosystem problems,calling for united solutions  .Half the Nile Basin's countries are among the world's poorest nations; yet,somehow,they must find the resources,skills and political will to overcome these challenges. \n Answer: Increasing population and tourism.",
            "output": [
                "What are the great challenges the Nile Basin faces?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e652f4621b843d1b67c796778be7bf8",
            "input": "Article: Riding was the favourite activity of Thomas Jefferson, who was the third President of the United States. He usually rode good horses. One day, he was riding outside Washington, when a jockey   came near. He did not know the President, but his professional eye was attracted by Mr. Jefferson's horse. He stopped and said that he wanted to buy the horse, but Mr. Jefferson politely refused his offer. The jockey offered more money for the horse, because the closer he looked at the horse, the more he liked it. All of his offers were refused, which made him angry. He then became rude, but his rudeness left as little an impression as his money, for Jefferson had a very good temper. At last, he hit Mr. Jefferson's horse with his whip, getting it to run suddenly. This would have thrown a less skillful rider to the ground, but Jefferson stayed on his seat, and controlled his horse well. The jockey then gave up. He rode with Mr. Jefferson side by side and began to talk with him about politics. Jefferson joined in the conversation. When they got into the city and came close to the gate of the presidential mansion  , Mr. Jefferson stopped, and politely invited the man to enter. The jockey was surprised and asked, \"Why? Do you live here?\" \"Yes\" was the simple reply. \"Why, stranger, what's your name?\" \"My name is Thomas Jefferson.\" Embarrassed, the man quickly left, while the President looked at him with a smile and then rode through the gate. \n Answer: Jefferson and the Jockey",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-07e54c99d62645e09f6468ec48d8c73a",
            "input": "Article: Athens will welcome the 2004 Olympic Games with open arms. Not only will the Games be returning to their birthplace, but they'll also be entering a new period of Olympic history. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has been looking for ways to make the world's largest sporting event a bit smaller and easier for cities to host. Mexico is the only Latin American nation to have hosted the Olympics. And the games have never been held in Africa. It costs well over$4 billion to host the Olympic Games. And this is stopping many poorer countries from trying to win the bid. Cities in Africa and Latin America, with great social and money problems, cannot even begin to make the bid. So, the IOC has suggested 117 ways to make the Games smaller and easier for cities across the world. These ideas are to be put into practice soon---maybe in time for the Beijing 2008 Olympics. The IOC wants to save up to $400 million. The suggestions include limiting the number of sports to 28 and the number of athletes to 10,500. \"Imagine a bus with 28 seats and some sports need to get off to give their places to other sports,\"said an IOC official. Sports that might not appear in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games included baseball, softball and the modern pentathlon (shooting, fencing, horse, jumping, swimming and running). \"We think that the Olympic Games have to be made smaller, and the less costly so that they can be organized by all continents and subcontinents ,\"said IOC president Jacques Rogge. \"Our dream is that a continent such as Africa will be able to organize the Olympic Games.\" \n Answer: The Olympic Games have to be made smaller and less costly",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11c01e3b80b041079b583aca07770b8e",
            "input": "Article: If you want to get rich, leave New York City, Washington D.C. or Los Angeles and head to Plano, Texas;Aurora, Colorado or Omaha, Nebraska, where wages are high and life is good, a new survey showed. A poll that ranked 69 US cities with populations of more than 250,000 people showed the best places to build personal wealth and raise a family were in cities where some of the nation's largest companies are headquartered. The No.1 city, Plano, is the ninth largest city in Texas and home to company's headquarters including soft drink company Dr Pepper Snapple Group, PepsiCo's snack foods company FritoLay and movie theater company Cinemark. \"The city has a reputation as one of the best places in the country for employers to do business and for families to live and work. Plano has a nationally acclaimed public education system and well-educated, diverse residents.\" Aurora, the third most popular city in Colorado, came in second, according to the survey which said its economy is booming and it is a business leader in key growth industries such as biotechnology, aerospace and high technology. Nebraska's largest city Omaha, home to famous US investor Warren Buffett, nabbed third place. Buffett, who is the richest man in the world according to Forbes magazine, is often called the \"Sage of Omaha\" for his successful investments . New York City came in last, behind Washington D.C. and Los Angeles. \"These cities do have some of the highest average wages in the country, but when it comes to increasing your dollar for the future, it is difficult to do in these cities,\" salary.com said. \n Answer: 3.",
            "output": [
                "How many famous companies are mentioned in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-885f22549edc417fa7e72453a652d01a",
            "input": "Article: Angus MacLeod was fifty and he had spent his entire life as a shepherd in the remote mountainous region of northwest Scotland. He had never owned a radio or television nor had he travelled further than forty kilometres from his birthplace. His knowledge of the world was gained only from his brief trips to the village to sell his sheep and buy food. However, he had lately come to rely on the growing number of hill-walkers in the region as sources of international news. In the spring of 1992, a Spanish student came across Angus high in the mountains. Eager to practise his English he engaged Angus in conversation. The student told Angus of the forthcoming Olympic Games in Barcelona. Excited by the student's colourful description of Spain and the Games, Angus decided to attend the event in person and two months later arrived in Barcelona. The ticketless Angus stood outside the stadium with his canny brain working overtime, watching a growing number of individuals entering the stadium through a small entrance at the side. He noticed that they all seemed to be carrying objects. Perhaps they were workmen, he thought. He moved closer and watched. Within minutes a thin young man came along carrying an extremely long pole. He approached the official at the door and said \"Pole Vault\". The official moved to the side and the man entered. Next came a heavy-set man with a spear. Angus wondered how a man could carry such a dangerous weapon in a modern city. The man shouted \" Javelin \" and was presently admitted. Angus was puzzled. Perhaps they were all connected with security. His puzzlement grew when a huge man appeared with a steel ball in his hand. He shouted \"Shot Putt\" and walked past the official. It suddenly dawned on Angus that these people were competitors. He opened his programme and sure enough under the heading \"events\" he saw the three words the men had said. Angus laughed to himself as a plan began to take shape in his mind. First he needed to buy one or two things. An hour later he reappeared dressed in a tracksuit with \"Scotland\" written across the chest. Over his shoulder he carried a roll of barbed wire  . Smiling to himself he walked up to the official and as casually as he could, shouted, \"Fencing!\" \n Answer: Talking to hill-walkers in the region.",
            "output": [
                "Which was Angus' new way of getting information about the outside world?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-147438f5ff014d798352943dd9cfa188",
            "input": "Article: In the past ten years, many scientists have studied the differences between men and women. And they all got the same answer: The sexes  are different, because their brains are different. And this, the scientists say, makes men and women see the world in different ways. Boys, for example, generally are better than girls at mathematical ideas. Boys also generally are better than girls at the kind of hand and eye movements necessary for ball sports. Girls, on the other hand generally start speaking earlier than boys. And they generally see better in the dark than boys and are better at learning foreign languages. What makes men and women better at one thing or another? The answer is the brain. The brain has two sides connected by nerve  tracks. The left side generally is used for mathematics, speech and writing. The right side is used for artistic creation  and the expression for emotions . In men and women, different areas in each side of the brain develop differently. In boys, for example, it's the area used for mathematics. In girls, it is the area used for language skills. Another interesting difference is that the two sides of a man's brain are connected by a smaller number of nerves than the two sides of a woman's brain are. \n Answer: Men and Women are Different in Brain",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title of the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b49208b1331d4eeb862e2ce0713cda59",
            "input": "Article: If there is one person who has left a deep impression on me, it's my teacher Mrs. Pathak who was my class teacher for three years. In my childhood, how I wished I had a mother or a sister like her. One moment she could be tough   and strict, another moment caring and compassionate  . She always encouraged us to tell the truth. For instance, if one had not done the homework, he need not lie. She allowed us to make mistakes, saying we couldn't be perfect all the time, but we should try. Another thing she taught me early on was punctuality. She set a good example with her own behaviour. She was always on time, so we students tried our best to be on time. She surprised us with her sense of humour. Her classroom teaching was always humorous. After class, she talked to us and told us jokes. We really felt free to ask questions and Mrs. Pathak would give the answers. If she did not know -- there had been some occasions   -- she would say _ We all then tried to find out the answers. Whoever came up with the answer was appreciated and given the due credit  . Now I sometimes wonder whether Mrs. Pathak was pretending just to encourage us to explore and find answers by ourselves. \n Answer: Careful.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is NOT suitable for describing Mrs. Pathak?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-303b28a3a6834f848f2737a9aeaf65ac",
            "input": "Article: While other stars her age are partying at clubs, Selena Gomez takes the time out of her day to help those less fortunate.     She has been such an impressive role model for younger generations that the 20-year-old Disney star was named Woman of the Year by US magazine Glamour this month, in recognition of her successful career and her charity work.     An actress since the age of 7, Gomez has grown up on screen. She rose from the Disney Channel popular series Wizards of Waverly Place to hit movies like Monte Carlo (2011) to this year's comedy Hotel Transylvania. She is also no stranger to the music industry thanks to her band, Selena Gomez & The Scene.     \"Honestly, the feeling, if I can be selfish for a little bit, just makes me feel so good to be able to make kids smile... and educate them about what's happening in the world,\" she told the Associated Press.     When she was 17, Gomez became the youngest goodwill ambassador of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). She has worked hard ever since. Over the past few years, she has traveled to poor countries such as Congo, Ghana and Chile to promote environmentally friendly behavior and help raise awareness about violence.     Mature for her age, Gomez has a good handle on the problems facing the world's youth and is an outspoken advocate   for change.     Last month, she stepped up to show support for a 15-year-old Pakistani girl, Malala Yousafzai. Yousafzai was shot because of her fight for the right for females to have an education in her country.     Sad about the story, Gomez wanted to make a difference. Changing her Facebook page icon   to Yousafzai's face, she shared more stories about the girl and encouraged her fans to spread Yousafzai's message of females' right to an education.     Her UNICEF work continues to highlight that 67 million school-age kids around the world are not in school, and that girls are less likely to enroll   in school than boys. Gomez encourages her fans to donate to UNICEF's school programs in Pakistan.     Praising Gomez's charity work, her friend Taylor Swift tells Glamour, \"She's giving back to people who need help.\" \n Answer: Because of her successful career and her charity work.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Gomez named Woman of the Year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5a21ddf202674bcfa6474ba267996903",
            "input": "Article: Two Christmas traditions have come under attack in recent years from environmentalists: Christmas cards and Christmas trees. Paper cards are seen as wasteful and, for some people, going card-free is another way of going green. They also argue that in a world of e-mail, Skype, Facebook and Twitter, people are in touch all the time anyway; they no longer need the yearly card that connects them with long lost friends. If you want to send Christmas greetings, there are free e-cards, which get the job done with no postage or wasted paper. However, especially for people who didn't grow up with e-mail, there is something missing from a Christmas e-mail. The first Christmas cards appeared in London in 1843 and were designed by the same man who had introduced the world's first postage stamp three years earlier. His name was Sir Henry Cole. They rose in popularity throughout the 20th century. Many people sent cards that were sold for charity. The most famous of these are the ones sold for UNICEF. In the UK this year, in the three weeks before Christmas, the post office expects to handle 100 million cards every day. Environmental awareness also means that nowadays many people recycle their cards; this helps raise money to plant more trees, as well as recreating more paper. When we think of trees at Christmas, there is one that immediately springs mind---the evergreen tree that people decorate with ornaments and place their presents under. The custom dates back almost a thousand years to Germany. Nowadays 33 to 36 million Christmas trees are produced in America and 50 to 60 million in Europe each year. Some trees are sold live with roots and soil so people can plant them later and reuse them next year. Some people prefer artificial trees as they are reusable and much cheaper than their natural alternative. However, environmentalists point out that they are made from petroleum   products and so have many pollution issues. \n Answer: To explain the debate about some Christmas traditions.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f71c6f4d6b884dbaa91c2d925c3b985f",
            "input": "Article: When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your _ . But forgiveness is possible and it can be surprisingly helpful to your physical and mental health. Indeed, research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite   and better sleep patterns. \"People who forgive show less anger and more hopefulness,\" says Dr. Frederic Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for Good. \"So it can help save on the wear and tear, and allow people to feel more energetic.\" So when someone has hurt you, calm yourself first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love. Don't wait for an apology. \"Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing,\" says Dr. Luskin. \"They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting a very long time.\" Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean accepting the action of the person who upset you. Mentally going over your hurt gives power to the person who brought you pain. Instead, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you. Finally, try to see things from the other person' s perspective. You may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance , fear even love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from that person's point of view. \n Answer: Think about pleasant things and forget about the hurt.",
            "output": [
                "According to the writer, what is the best way to calm down after being hurt?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e11e6226377455f99617a3854f5c1e0",
            "input": "Article: This is an open letter to the three people who stole my handbag from the department store where I am employed as a shop assistant. When you took my bag, I don't know what you thought you were going to get. With my wages, there's not much left on a Tuesday. I hope the PS5 was useful to you. If you really need a couple of pounds, I suppose you could always cash one of the two checks left in my check book. Of course, I phoned the bank right away and the check-cashing card is no longer valid, so it won't be of much use to you. Actually I don't care about the money too much. We single parents who work to support our families understand only too well what it means to be short of cash. However, I don't suppose it went very far among the three of you. Sorry about that! I wish you had left the bag behind and just taken the wallet and check book. There were all kinds of papers and notes that I really need. I really think that was very inconsiderate of you. I mean, how would you like something like that to happen to you? Well, perhaps the bag will turn up. It wasn't even an expensive one, just a plain, old brown leather shoulder bag. You probably threw it in the nearest rubbish bin or threw it into the bushes. We've looked around, of course, but no one saw which way you went after you left the shop. I'm not really angry with you. I know how the pressures of modern life can affect us, but I am sad at the loss of my personal things. I feel helpless. The police were very icy, and they just shrugged their shoulders. \"It happens all the time,\" they told me. Some small comfort, I suppose. But I've lost just a little more faith in human nature. And as my young son said when I told him what had happened, \"Why? Mummy, why us?\" I couldn't answer that question. I wonder if you can. \n Answer: The check book in the bag.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the most valuable to the writer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2ee399ecbeaf425d96921eeab098227f",
            "input": "Article: I want to talk about the economy.Not \"the economy\" we hear about endlessly in the news each day and in politicians' speeches.I want to talk about the real economy, the one we live in day by day. Most people aren't particularly interested in \"the economy\".\"Share prices are flying high; interest rates are soaring;  the Dow Jones Index closed sixty-three points down on 8472.35.\" We hear this and subconsciously switch off. Notice that \"the economy\" is not the same as the economy, \"The economy\" is what men in suits play with to make vast personal wealth.The economy is where the rest of us live on a daily basis, earning our living, paying our taxes, and purchasing the necessities of life. We are supposed to be benefiting from all the advantages of a well-off society.So why do we feel tired and stressed? We have no time for anything other than work, which is ridiculous given the number of labor-saving devices in our lives.Our towns become more and more crowded.We poison our air and seas, and our food is full of chemicals.There's something wrong here.If times were truly good, then you may think we'd all feel optimistic about the future.Yet the majority of us are deeply worried.More than 90 percent of us think we are too concerned about ourselves and not concerned enough about future generations. The term \"economic expansion\" suggests something desirable, but expansion simply means spending more money.More spending doesn't mean that life is getting better.We all know it often means the opposite - greed, crime, poverty, pollution.More spending merely feeds our whole economic system, which is based on production and consumption.Unless money keeps circulating,  the economy breaks down.If we don't keep consuming,  the whole system goes into stalemate . How do we break the cycle and make some changes? We need to become far more aware of the results of our actions.We buy clothes that are made in sweat shops by virtual slaves in poor parts of the world.We create mountains of waste.We demand cheap food,  mindless of the fact that it totally lacks taste and is produced using chemicals that poison the land. The consumption culture makes us unaware of the effect of our own behavior.Our main problem is not that we don't know what to do about it.It is gathering the desire to do it. \n Answer: Shopping in a supermarket",
            "output": [
                "According to the author, which one belongs to the real economy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-feeac2792467486eb3b3ec0887824da1",
            "input": "Article: Doreen Sykora is now a junior at McGill University. She had a difficult time when she first began college. She said, \"I was always well prepared for my examinations. But when I go into class to take the exam, I would fall apart. I could just _ because of nervousness and fear.\" Hitoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology  student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences. These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is stressed  about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the severe tension and nervousness. Now there are special university courses to help students. In these courses, advisors and psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety. Such a course helps students learn to live with stress and not fail because of it. First students take a practice test to measure their worry level. If the tests show that their stress level is high, the students can take a short course to manage the fear. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. They get training to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work more easily. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test. Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course. She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods. \"Mostly, what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place. Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil. I move slowly and carefully. I breathe easily and let all the tension out. With each breath, more worry leaves me. It really works too. My grades have improved greatly! I'm really doing well at McGill now. This relaxation method works not only on examinations, but it has improved the rest of my life as well.\" For Hitoshi in Tokyo, the results were much the same. He is enjoying school a lot more and learning more. \n Answer: They both had the same poor studying habits.",
            "output": [
                "What is the similarity between Doreen Sykora and Hitoshi Sakamoto?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-17ae5cbf540c49eb99f4c19819269c84",
            "input": "Article: More men are finding their calling as nurses.     A new study from the United States Census Bureau reports the number of male nurses has doubled since the l970s.Back then,about 2.7 percent of registered nurses were men.The new study,which tracked data through 2011,finds that men now make up 9.6 percent of all employed nurses in the United States about 330,000 men in total.Recent years of shortages have led to increased efforts,according to report,which included recruiting men into the field.     Men,in fact,had been largely kept out of nursing in past decades because nursing schools often refused to admit men.The Supreme Court ruled that practice unconstitutional in l981 after a case involving a state nursing school.    \"The  ly high wages and expanding Job opportunities makes this field attractive,offering stability even during recessions ,\"wrote the report's author,Liana Christin Landivar of the U.S.Census Bureau,\"And because of high demand,nursing has low unemployment rates compared to other fields.''     Men were found to be more likely to become nurse anesthetists ,which is the highest paid nursing occupation,and were found least likely to become licensed practical or licensed vocational nurses,the lowest paid types of nursin9.Nurse anesthetists are required to get graduate education,and are certified to give anesthetists and monitor patients recovering from anesthesia.1Acensed practical and licensed vocational nurses provide patient care and may work under the supervision of a registered nurse.Registered nurses  assess patient health problems and needs,develop and carry Out nursing care plans,maintain medical records,and administer care.     For all types of nursing,men earned,on average,$60,700 per year,while women earned$51,100 per year.\"Even among men and women in the same nursing occupations,men outlearn women,\"wrote Landivar. \n Answer: About 2.7%of registered nurses were men.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about nurses in the US in the l 970s?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2b4e12b62604e50ac25b04d55723eee",
            "input": "Article: In the traditional marriage, the man worked at a job to earn money for the family. Most men worked in an office, a factory, or some other place away from the home. Since the man earned the money, they paid the bills. The money was used for food, -clothes, the house, and other family needs, the man made most of the decisions. He was the boss. In the traditional marriage, the woman seldom worked away from the house. She stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. She cooked meals, cleaned the house, washed the clothes, and did other housework. Her job at home was very important. In recent years, many couples continues to have a traditional relationship of the kind. The man has a job and earns the money for the family. The woman stays at home and cared for the children and the house. Many Americans are happy with the kind of marriage. But some other Americans have a different impression of marriage and family responsibilities. There are two important differences in male and female roles now. One is that both men and women have many more choices. They may choose to marry or to stay single. They may choose to work or stay at home.  Both men and women may choose roles that are comfortable for them. A second difference in male and female roles is that within marriage many decisions and responsibilities are shared. The husband and wife may choose to have children, or they may not. If they have children, the man takes care of them some of the time, all of the time or not at all. The woman may want to stay at home and take care of the children, or she may vant to go to work. Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage. Many married people now share these decisions and responsibilities of their families. \n Answer: The woman made most of decisions.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true in the traditional marriage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-764aa5321aa64885afd413cddd4ba69a",
            "input": "Article: When you choose a freezer, remember it's probably going to be with you for a long time. So it's important to know which freezer is right for your needs.    First, decide if you want an upright or chest model. Uprights are more convenient. Their storage space is more accessible and they take up less floor area. However, chest models are more energy-efficient because less cold air escapes when they are open.    If you are buying an upright, you'll have to choose between frostless  or manual  defrost . Chest freezers are always manual. Frostless freezers automatically defrost at present intervals  and remove the water. Manual models must be defrosted by hand every few months or whenever frost pile up to about a quarter of an inch.    To help your freezer reach a ripe old age, try to find a spot that's cool, dry, and away fromdrafts . Drafts and heat will raise the freezer's cabinet temperature, which makes it work harder to keep cool. That means wasted energy. That means wasted energy and a shortened life.    Dry air is important because highhumidity  can cause the freezer to rust outside and frost up inside. With proper care, a freezer can serve you for 15 years or more. Regular cleaning and simple maintenance will help it maintain a zero-degree temperature and keep it smelling fresh and looking almost new.    Frostless models requires less care than manual defrost freezers. The inside of a frostless unit should be washed periodically with warm water and baking soda or a mild soap, rinse, and dried.   Good habits go a long way toward a freezer that runs efficiently. To get the most from your freezer, check regularly to make sure it's providing a true zero-degree temperature.   Keep the freezer at least three-quarters full. The emptier it get, the more energy is wasted. If more than three pounds of food per cubic foot of storage space is added every 24 hours, the resulting high or low temperature can damage the food. \n Answer: It is more important to keep the freezer at the temperature of zero-degree.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-797402acae15482f8f9015e9534c1e76",
            "input": "Article: Visiting a pub is one of Britain's oldest forms of entertainment. The idea for the first public houses was brought to Britain thousands of years ago by the conquering Roman army. The first pubs served only wine, but after the discovery of hops   in the fourteenth century, pubs began to serve mainly beer, as they do today. Today, there are 61,000 pubs in the United Kingdom. One of the oldest, Fighting Cocks in ST. Albans, Herts, is located in a building that dates back to the 11thcentury. Modern pubs are often owned by English breweries   and serve only their owner's products. British pubs are required to have a license, which is difficult to obtain, and operate between 11 a.m. and 11 p.m. every day except Sunday, when they must close at 10:30 p.m. The drinking age in Britain is eighteen, but fourteen-year-olds may enter a pub unaccompanied if they order a meal. Children may enter a pub with their parents until 9 p.m., which lets families enjoy reasonably priced pub meals together and allows pubs to continue in their traditional roles as community centers. Customs in British pubs differ from those in American bars. In Britain, you must go to the bar to order drinks and food and pay for your purchase immediately, there is no table service. Bartenders are called \"landlords\" and \"barmaids\" and they do not expect frequent tipping. To tip a landlord or barmaid, it is customary   to tell him to \"buy himself one\". He or she may or may not take your tip on your offer. At the end of a visit, a polite customer will return his glass to the bar. \n Answer: Young men at or older than 18 drinking beer in a pub.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not allowed in Britain?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-56b01d83577f4e688829df777dfb38af",
            "input": "Article: In a nation with a one-child policy, it's understandable for parents to worry over whether they are petting their children. Are the children as truly weak as expected? The concern has been brought into a hit reality TV series -- Hunan TV's Dad! Where Are We Going? and Zhejiang TV's First Time In Life. In both, children as young as three have become new public figures . In the show First Time In Life,children chosen from ordinary families are given small tasks to finish by themselves;the ongoing Dad show centers on five fathers and their children who are forced to live a simple life in poor villages, far outside their comfortable city life. Though they have different family backgrounds, how they behave in the new environments has drawn the attention of the public. In Dad! Where Are We Going?, the five-year-old daughter of former Olympic diving champion Tian Liang cries and hides behind her father when they arrive at a rural village. In First Time In Life, a young girl in Tianjin cries after being asked by her father to go out alone to buy eggs and a pancake. In the eyes of some people, these kids always depend on others, and the reason is that their parents give them too much love. But television viewers and parents were encouraged when the crying Tianjin girl finally returned holding the pancake, and Tian's daughter finally began to take care of her younger friends and learned to ask for help from people she didn't know. The father of the Tianjin girl felt \" _ \" and said. \"She used to be well taken care of by her mother or grandmother. Now she has the courage to do it all by herself. \" The shows have led many parents to change how they raise their children. Shanghai mother Liang Jing said she would try to \"give some training\" to her shy son, asking him to tidy up his toys. Lin Yi, a parenting expert in Beijing, said giving kids a chance to do things for themselves helps to raise their sense of success, which carries benefits all through their lives. \" \n Answer: How the children behave in the new environments.",
            "output": [
                "What draws the people's attention in the programs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9328d0cbb9ef41969d6cad4edc604a3d",
            "input": "Article: Google Glass, a wearable computer, will not go on sale for many months. But the resistance is already under way. The glasses-like device, which allows users to access the Internet, take photos and shoot videos, has been banned by a bar in Seattle, because according to the bar' owner, the bar was \"kind of a private place.\" Besides, large parts of Las Vegas will not welcome wearers.  Google Glass is a pair of glasses with a tiny computer attached to the right earpiece and has the ability to capture any chance encounter and broadcast it to millions. As personal technology becomes increasingly invisible, it is causing questions of whether it will rob people of privacy.   As Google sees it, Glass is a revolutionary new way to quickly and effortlessly connect people with information. Google stresses that Glass is a work in its early stage, with test versions now being released to 2,000 developers. The company hopes they'll be seen as normal and become accepted in the same way smart phones are. The wearer has to speak or touch the device to activate  it, and must look directly at someone to take a photograph or video of them. \"We are thinking very carefully about how we design Glass because new technology always raises new issues,\" said Courtney Hohne, a Google spokeswoman.  Critics view Glass as an unfriendly new technology that could rob people of what few privacy they have left. They think Google is downplaying the privacy and security risks. According to Google, it's obvious when someone is taking pictures or recording a video on Glass. Developers, however, are pushing the limits. One created a small sensation in tech circles with a program that eliminated the need for gestures or voice commands. To snap a picture, all the user needed to do was wink . Imagine a surveillance  device that you could wear on your body all day without anyone being the wiser. Out on the street, in the subway, at a bar or cafe, people would never know whether the stranger next to them is secretly recording their every move. It is really a privacy disaster. \n Answer: Google Glass is just as normal as a smart phone.",
            "output": [
                "According to Google Company, which of the following statements about Google Glass is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d361ddf5644749c4acfeb88949698749",
            "input": "Article: Australia has promised to introduce the most comprehensive   carbon trading program outside Europe in 2010. The government in Canberra plans to cut greenhouse gas emissions   by at least five percent by 2020, but it could make bigger reductions if other countries agree to tougher targets. The Australian government warns that without tough environmental measures the country could lose key industries and jobs. Climate Change Minister Penny Wong says the economy is under threat and decisive action is needed. Central to the government's climate change plan is a carbon emissions trading program that will be introduced within two years. It would involve one thousand of the nation's biggest companies and would cover about three-quarters of Australia's greenhouse gas emissions. Many scientists believe that greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, contribute to global warming. Many of them are released by burning fuels such as coal and oil. Companies will be required to buy permits for each ton of carbon they emit, although big polluting exporters will receive up to 90 percent of their carbon licenses free. Many business leaders want the government to delay the plan because of the current global financial crisis, which is slowing the Australian economy. Peter Anderson from the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry says it is irresponsible to bring in a carbon trading plan now. Environmentalists, on the other hand, say Prime Minister Kevin Rudd has not properly addressed the threat of climate change. Activists had sought a minimum emissions cut of 25 percent. Instead, the Rudd government aims to cuts carbon emissions by at least five percent of 2000 levels by 2020. That amount could rise to 15 percent, if future global agreements set such a target. Ray Nias of the environmental group WWF says Australia will pay the price for low targets. \"This is a deeply, deeply disappointing target,\" Nias said. \"It commits Australia to long-term climate change. It will make Australia's ability to negotiate   global agreements very, very difficult. It is much lower than even we had imagined.\" Australia has one of the highest per-person greenhouse emissions rates in the world because of its reliance on coal for electricity.  _ \n Answer: Environmentalists.",
            "output": [
                "Which group supports to cut carbon emissions by at least 25%?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cec8dff67e624e55a6f9d26fa4791591",
            "input": "Article: It is an aerial performance far beyond the capabilities of even the most complex modern aircraft: landing upside down on a ceiling. But it is routine business for bats, and now scientists have learned precisely how they do it. Brown University scientists observed two species: Seba's short-tailed bat and the lesser dog-faced fruit bat. They tracked their motions using three high-speed video cameras taking images at 1,000 frames per second, and studied weight distribution in the bats' body and wings. They found that by flapping both wings while folding one of them just a bit toward their body, a bat can shift its centre of mass to perform a midair flip in order to land on a ceiling. \"Flying animals all move skillfully constantly as they fly through a three-dimensional environment,\" Brown biology and engineering professor Sharon Swartz said. \"Bats employ this specific technique every time they land, because for a bat, landing requires reorienting from head forward, back up, belly down, to head down, toes up.\" When approaching their touchdown spot, bats are not flying very quickly, making it difficult to gather the type of aerodynamic forces produced by pushing against the air that could help position them for an upside-down landing. But their heavy wings enable them instead to create inertial  forces to adjust themselves in midair. Swartz said bats, as nocturnal  animals, are generally not fully appreciated as skilled pilots. \"People have many opportunities to observe birds and insects flying, but the bat world is hidden in the night. The more we observe flight behavior in bats, the more we are impressed,\" Swartz said. \n Answer: Shifting their centre of mass.",
            "output": [
                "What's the key factor in bats' successful landing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c1442561ef1b4acda1ae99dcdb16ecd5",
            "input": "Article: On hearing the words \"Just do it!\", you will know there is a Nike product nearby. If it's \"Always Coca-Cola\", you can be sure someone wants to sell you a refreshing drink.  _ The slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. Good slogans leave a message inside people's minds. It's almost certain that every brand has a popular slogan. Here are a few examples: \"Just do it!'--This slogan speaks out to teens. It tells them to do something, but only if they think it's worth it. And if so, why not do it wearing Nike? \"Always Coca-Cola.' Coke's slogans change every few years, but this one has enjoyed a lasting popularity because it shows the brand's spirit. It seems to say \"Coke is the only drink there is; there are no other forms of drinks.\" \"Share moments, share life.\" This slogan from Kodak connects photos and beauty. It takes people to remember the happy moments in life by taking photos of _ using Kodak film of course! \n Answer: Slogan And Brand",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e581d740f9194991b7bd6c406adb9d0c",
            "input": "Article: China plans to make new rules to give more controls over the growing number of blogs and webcasts. Nowadays, advanced network technologies, such as blogging and webcasting, are being improved to challenge the government's ability to watch over the Internet. Chinese government is in the middle of making new rules over Internet publishing, and blogs and websites publishing webcasts will fall under these rules. Government officials hope the new rules will ensure  a more healthy and active Internet environment and will fully respect and protect Chinese citizens' freedom of speech. Specific details on what kind of rules will be carried out are still unknown to the public. Despite  the growing popularity, bloggers and webcasters have been unpopular with publication institutions.  In 2006, a series of cases involving bloggers who had dived into other people's privacy and written materials ruining other's fame urged the government to consider whether to require bloggers to use their real names when they _  Webcasting without copyright and illegally \"copying\" products from copyrighted materials have also led government officials to consider starting a nationwide check of online video broadcasting, and allow only qualified websites to offer webcasts. \n Answer: New Rules to Control Internet Publishing",
            "output": [
                "What can be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-401463b6274e4d599cb07be3f8a4ca7c",
            "input": "Article: A popular student in her small high school, Katie started college, expecting to do well in her courses and be best friends with her roommates. But things didn't turn out that way. Psych 101, the course she thought would be a first-semester favorite, turned out to be a struggle. Living away from home tends to be the toughest adjustment for first-year students. You may feel homesick in your first weeks or months. It can help to call, write, or email your parents and friends, making them know how you're going. You can also talk with your roommates. As first-year students themselves, they're probably experiencing many of the same fears and worries that you're dealing with . But what if you don't get along well with your roommates? In some cases, it can be a good thing if you and your roommates aren't much alike. Different views on things may be helpful, so respect your differences no matter what. If you and your roommates don't get along well, it can help to find someone who you feel does understand you, which should be easy on a campus with so many people. Many schools have student organization nights where all of the campus clubs gather and promote their organizations, so you can meet people with the same interests there as you. You'll also meet tons of people in class or in your dorm building. As homesickness, painful throats, sprained   ankles and wisdom teeth that act up are common among college students, you should check out your student guidebook or your school's website to find out information about the university health center. If you think you cannot deal with your problems, make a stop at the school counseling  center. First-year troubles are something the counselors know well. You can get help there. \n Answer: Get along with your roommates.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's first suggestion on dealing with homesickness?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-904a66f6e8834cf4b339b093eb52b3d0",
            "input": "Article: Climbers at the top of Mount Everest, the world's highest peak, will now be able to make video calls and surf the Internet on their mobile phones, a Nepalese   telecom group claims. Ncell, a branch company of Swedish phone giant TeliaSonera, said on Thursday it had set up a high-speed third-generation (3G) phone base station at an altitude of 5,200 metres in the Everest region. \"Today we made the world's highest video call from Mount Everest base camp successfully. The coverage   of the network will reach up to the peak of Mount Everest,\" Ncell Nepal chief Pasi Koistinen told reporters in Kathmandu. The installation   will also help tens of thousands of tourists and hikers who visit the world's highest mountain every year. Climbers who reached its 8,848-metre peak previously depended on expensive satellite phones and a voice-only network set up by China Mobile in 2007 on the Chinese side of the mountain. \"This is a great milestone for mobile communications as the 3G high speed Internet will bring faster, more affordable telecommunication services from the world's tallest mountain,\" said Lars Nyberg, chief executive of TeliaSonera, which owns 80 percent of Ncell. The 3G services will be fast enough to make video calls and use the Internet, said the company, which also claimed the world's lowest 3G base at 1,400 metres below sea level in a mine in Europe. Despite the installation in Mount Everest, telecom services cover less than one-third of the 28 million people of Nepal, one of the poorest countries in the world. TeliaSonera said it planned to invest $ 100 million in the next year to ensure that mobile coverage increases to more than 90 per cent of the Himalayan nation's population. The 3G network on Mount Everest puts TeliaSonera ahead of state-controlled Nepal Telecom, Indian-owned United Telecom and China Mobile. Around 3,000 people have climbed to the Everest summit since Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay became the first people to conquer the peak in 1953. \n Answer: Mount Everest explorers.",
            "output": [
                "Who are most likely to benefit from the 3G services at Mount Everest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2cca6dafb7de47cc8e87b5fd2e0baf6e",
            "input": "Article: Tuition fees for British students could reach as much as #20,000, a university vicc-president has warned. Prof. Nick Pctfon warned that universities will face additional economic pressures as student numbers increase, which could force them to increase home students' fees. Student tuition is presently upped at #9,000 for British students. Speaking to the lines fligher Education, Prof. Petford, the vice-president of Northampton University,said that some universities with high brand value will be able to charge PS17,000, PS18,000 or PS20,000 in the future. \"'I am sure of that. The president of the National Union of Students Toni Pearce said: \"The suggestion that tuition fees should be charged at this level shows just how astonishingly out of touch some university vice-presidents can be.\" Prof. Petford argued there will be a change in how universities view home students - suggesting they will be treated more like international students. \"If you look at international students, that's been a market not well-governed since we've been recruiting (tix) overseas students. Universities have always been used to this sort of behaviour.\" He said. \"The big step change now is thinking about home students in this way.\" Presently there is no cap on fees that universities can charge international students. The president of Universities UK, Christopher Snowden, said that his report showed universities needed more money to maintain their current standards. \"The rise in tuition fees in England did not give all universities extra money - it replaced the cuts in direct government funding  , \" he said. \n Answer: Good universities can charge students more tuition fees.",
            "output": [
                "What is Prof. Petford's belief according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-12e5a055e7da4fe2927d0cd212138666",
            "input": "Article: Just 10 years ago, I sat across the desk from a doctor. \"Yes,\" he said, \"there is something wrong with the left, upper lobe . You have a moderately advanced case... You'll have to give up work at once and go to bed. Later on, we'll see.\" Feeling like a man who is in midcareer has suddenly been placed under sentence of death, I left the doctor's office, walked over to the park, and sat down on a bench. I needed to think. In the next 3 days, I cleared up my affairs, then I went home, got into bed, and set my watch to tick off not the minutes, but the months. Two years later, I left my bed and began the long climb back. It was another year before I made it. I speak of this experience because _ that passed so slowly taught me what to value and what to believe. I realise now that this world I'm living in is not my oyster  to be opened but my opportunity to be grasped. Each day, to me, is a precious thing. The sun comes up and presents me with 24 brandnew, wonderful hours--not to pass, but to fill. I've learned to appreciate those little, allimportant things I never thought I had the time to notice before:the play of light on running water, the music of the wind in my favourite pine tree. I seem now to see and hear and feel with some of the recovered freshness of childhood. How well, for instance, I recall the touch of the springy earth under my feet the day I first stepped upon it after the years in bed. Frequently, I sit back and say to myself, \"Let me make note of this moment I'm living right now, because in it I'm well, happy and hard at work doing what I like best to do. It won't always be like this, so while it is, I'll make the most of it--and afterwards,  I remember--and be grateful. All this, I owe to that long time spent on the sidelines of life.\" \n Answer: Hopeless.",
            "output": [
                "Which word can best describe the author's feeling after visiting the doctor?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-77f8777cb3884a1a93e7eb06e04baa01",
            "input": "Article: The relationship between humans and animals has always been complex. Some cultures have developed entire belief systems around favored animals. Even in cultures with less formal belief systems, connections between people and animals still lead to commonly accepted opinions about animals. These belief systems usually develop around the animals that interact   with humans most frequently. Therefore, it should not be surprising that so many stories surround the most common of animals: rats. Rats live side by side with humans all over the world and regularly interact with people. Human-rat coexistence may be common all around the world, but different cultures respond to that closeness in different ways. In the United States and Europe, one typical attitude is that the rat is a pest. This could be due to the common belief that rats spread disease. Actually, they don't, at least not directly, but many people don't know that. The Pied Piper of Hamlin, a well-known children's story, is one example of how rats have been described in Western literature: in that story, rats cause such a problem that a town has to hire a piper to call them all away. In many Latin American countries, the rat is described in a very different way. The story of the tooth fairy (a fairy believed by children to leave money while they sleep in exchange for a tooth that has come out) is common all over the world, but in Latin America, the \"fairy\" is a rat! Rats do have very strong teeth, which could explain the association. Clearly, this shows another attitude toward rats that is much more positive. Yet another attitude toward the rat can be seen in the Chinese Zodiac  . The Rat is one of the animals of the Zodiac. Like the other zodiac animals, the Rat is neither entirely good nor entirely bad. It's described as clever and friendly, but also tricky and not entirely honest. That may be the most accurate description of the rat so far. Whether you like rats or not, it's hard to deny their reputation for cleverness. As many people are discovering these days, rats can even make excellent pets, so long as you remember to close the cage carefully! \n Answer: How different cultures look at rats.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3cb555bba7234319827944d90aa1a99b",
            "input": "Article: Though the last book of the spectacular   Harry Potter series was released seven years ago in 2007, the young wizard continues to be extremely popular with both kids and adults. Over the years, Harry Potter fans have been able to experience numerous aspects of the young wizard's life, right down to his favorite drink -- butter beer. Now thanks to a British hotel, they can also spend a night in the wizard's Hogwarts Castle dormitory room. The four-star Georgian Hotel in Central London, which recently opened its two wizard chambers , is ideally suited to reproducing J.K. Rowling's school of wizardry  . That's because the hotel, which is still run by the descendants of the original owners, dates all the way back to 1851. It still remains its original styles inside. According to the owner of the 163-year-old Georgian Hotel, the idea originated as a way to create a kid-friendly environment in a hotel that is well-known for its Victoria Classic and Belgravia Boutique rooms. The wizard chambers that have been refinished to resemble the Hogwarts Castle dormitory rooms are furnished with everything a wizard fan could think of -- four-poster beds, stone wash basins, potion bottles, cauldrons (,), spelling books and even study tables. In order to make them appear even more magical, the hotel owners have added their own special touches that include placing a wand in the hand of the Mona Lisa painting that is in one of the chambers. As you may have guessed, these unique accommodations are not cheap. The rooms, breakfast included, cost about $350 for two people. Kids sharing the same room pay only an additional $40 each. Given that the big wizard chamber can contain up to five people, the overall cost is perfect for families that are all Harry Potter fans. Special packages include a Muggle Walking Tour that takes Harry Potter fans through the areas of the city where parts of the movies were filmed or a visit to Warner Brothers Studio, home of the Harry Potter films' sets and props  . The hotel is certainly generating a lot of buzz among Harry Potter fans! \n Answer: It has a history of more than 160 years.",
            "output": [
                "How long does the Georgian Hotel exist?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aad8bba616aa477d93248988b3dd3914",
            "input": "Article: Chinese students have tended to come to the UK at a younger age in recent years, which means they come to Britain not only for higher education, but also for high school or even primary school. Asian investors  have followed this trend, and started to buy independent schools to serve this demand. An article carried by theTimes of London on October 17 reported that last year Chinese-owned company Achieve Education bought Chase Grammar, a boarding and day school in Cannock, Staffordshire. Chase Grammar includes a program that offers extra support for pupils from China. \"This trend is very good and I am not at all surprised,\" Barnaby Lenon, chairman of the Independent Schools Council, told theGlobal Times, adding that Chinese people like the English education system. \"We welcome Chinese investors in British private education.\" \"Chase Grammar School is small, and the classes are small. It gives the school a family atmosphere,\" Jackie Medhurst, principal of Chase Grammar School, said in a welcome note on the school's website. Small class sizes, personal care, good exam result, and entry to world famous universities are features that are most attractive to Chinese students. But many parents are also worried that foreign investors might expand the proportion of international students, and that might _ the British tradition. It seems that Chase Grammar does not intend to hide their attempts to attract Chinese families. It has set up a China office in Shanghai to facilitate Chinese parents' communication with the school. Tong Zhou, a director of Chase Grammar, told the media that the school does not intent to change the ratio of local students and international students. Some international branches of British boarding schools are very popular in Asia. In recent years, the Chinese passion for the British boarding school system has led some of the best-known schools such as Harrow and Wellington to set up satellite schools in Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong. And the trend continues. It seems that the rising wealthy class in Asia is not satisfied with international branches in their own countries. They want to send their kids to the original British boarding schools to be surrounded by English people and immersed in the British culture. To support their children studying in the UK, Chinese parents are buying houses in Britain. According to a survey by UK Property Weekly, houses near universities and outstanding primary and secondary schools are the most preferable location for Chinese buyers. Compared to the independent school system, universities are more open. It is reported that China remains the leading source of international students for London. \n Answer: There will be fewer investors in private education.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can we know from Barnaby Lenon's words?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b7ed8bc599b744ab8cb09832ba7b7bf5",
            "input": "Article: The average American child spends three to five hours a day watching TV. In 1961, the average child began to watch television at age three; however, today it is nine months. Yet, most parents think that television has bad influence on their children. For example, in the early 1970s, my parents believed that my bad eyesight was the result of sitting too close to the screen, and they therefore made my stay at least six feet from it. Today, most people have no such worry, but many new ridiculous   sayings have appeared: *TV makes kids stupid. Many children watch more educational programs when they are pre-schoolers. When they grow up, they can read more books and have much better ideas to solve difficult problems than other children. *TV makes kids violent. The real story is not so simple. Hundreds of studies show that watching violence on TV makes children more aggressive  . But a study of over 5,000 children also finds that some positive programs make children kinder. The problem is that kids are increasingly watching shows with violence instead of those suitable for their age. *Sitting around watching TV makes kids overweight. An experiment finds that when children watch less television, they do lose extra weight; however, reducing their television time does not make them more active. The real problem lies in snacking  . A widespread habit for kids, and junk-food advertisements. *TV helps kids get to sleep. The opposite is true. The more television children watch, the more likely they are to have irregular sleep and nap  patterns. Allowing kids to watch television is part of the problem, not the solution. \n Answer: They will make children solve difficult problems better than others.",
            "output": [
                "Which one is the advantage of educational TV programs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e90ad68aa5564fe89dac637ffe068844",
            "input": "Article: Everyone knows that eating too much junk food is not good to our health. Yet, what is it about junk food that is so completely irresistible ? For one thing, it's everywhere. From chips in fast food restaurants to candy in supermarkets, junk food always seems available. Thankfully, science is now providing new clues to help us reduce snacking. Make friends with dainty  eaters. Studies have found that people tend to increase or reduce the amount of food they eat depending on what their companions are taking in. See happy movies... and always get the smaller bag of popcorn . According to some experts, people eat up to 29% more popcorn if they are watching a sad or serious movie, compared to when they are watching a comedy. Viewers consumed almost 200 calories more when snacking from a large bucket, as opposed to when given a medium-sized container. Eat breakfast. Nutritionists have gone back and forth about the question of how much to eat in the morning, but new studies suggest that consuming a good breakfast is a must. Surveys on long-term weight-loss show that two key factors in keeping weight down are eating breakfast and exercising. Divide your food and conquer overeating. Any kind of dividing your food into portions slows down your eating. Any kind of marker makes you aware of what you're eating and of portion size. Researchers advise reallocating snack foods into small plastic bags. It sounds simplistic, but it works. \n Answer: Because it's available here and there.",
            "output": [
                "Why do people eat too much junk food though it is bad for our health?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2232df434824e948e1ce33813eb0322",
            "input": "Article: One day when I left a bookstore and walked on the street, I saw a woman standing outside the post office. She looked pale and worried. I stopped and asked if she needed help. She told me that her foot was hurting and she had to go to the hospital fight away, but there was no taxi. I wanted to make a trip to a food store later that day. I asked the woman where she was going. She told me the name of a hospital which was actually on the way to the food store. So I said, My car is parked nearby, How about my giving you a ride? It will save you some time and money. She agreed gratefully. When we got to the hospital, she thanked me again and again. Then I went to the food store and picked up what I went for. As I was waiting at the checkout, the man behind me said that he had a coupon  for 20% off anything in the store. He gave it to me because he had an extra one and he wanted to do good things to others! I thanked him and let him go ahead  of me in line to check out. Each action creates a ripple   that finally comes back to us. Do you believe it? \n Answer: Near the post office.",
            "output": [
                "Where did the author meet the woman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f788124f891453c92c3ee403c91a82d",
            "input": "Article: Dear Deidre, I am 17. Further education is not for me. I want to be out seeing the world in the army. My mum and dad say they will cut me off and have nothing to do with me if I go into the military. They have other plans for me. My friends all laugh at me and say I won't ever get on. I know I am not the fittest guy in the world but I thought that would come with the training. I am now asking myself if I should just give up my lifelong ambitions and get the sort of job my parents approve of. I don't want to look back with regrets but sometimes I think maybe they are right and know more than me. Samson Dear Samson,  It's your life and your future. Your parents mean well, and may be fearful of what could happen to you if you are posted to a danger zone, but you must decide this by yourself. At least talk to an army recruitment office about what is involved and about how fit you need to be. Do your research. Find out everything you can about what choices you will have. Then go for it. Start a sensible eating and exercise plan right away. If you are motivated you can get reasonably fit in a few weeks. Tell your parents and friends you want to give it a try. If you still feel it's right for you, then apply. If it isn't for you, at least you won't regret for the rest of your life. Parents and friends may say, \"I told you so\", but you will know that you've followed your dream and made up your own mind about the sort of career for you. Talk to At East which is an independent and confidential organization providing advice and support for those who are in the military and those who would like to be. They can explain when you are allowed to leave and how much attention you have to give. Deidre \n Answer: He is in trouble now.",
            "output": [
                "Why do Samson's friends laugh at him?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c169f7b07f14be78a69b92d38107ebb",
            "input": "Article: often teach about happiness and what has become clear is this:There are some qualities always unhappy people have.Here are some of them. Happy people know life can be hard and tend to live through hard times.They take responsibility for how they got themselves into a mess,and focus on getting themselves out of it as soon as possible.Unhappy people see themselves as victims of life and stay stuck in the\"look what happened to me\" attitude instead of finding a way through and out to the other side. Most happy people believe in the good in people instead of thinking everyone is out to get them.Generally open and friendly towards people they meet,happy people foster a sense of community around themselves and meet new people with all open heart.Unhappy people are distrustful of most people they meet and don't think strangers can be trusted.Unfortunately,this behavior slowly closes all chances of meeting new friends. Unhappy people believe someone else's good fortune steals from their own.They believe there's not enough goodness to go around and always compare others'against theirs.This leads to jealousy .Happy people know that others'good luck and circumstance are just signs of what they also can achieve if they try hard enough.They believe in unlimited possibilities and don't get stuck in thinking one person's good fortune limits their possible outcome in life. There's only so much space between the two ears.Unhappy people fill that space with constant worry and fear.Happy people experience fear and worry too,but make an important difference between feeling it and living with it.When fear or worry crosses a happy person's mind,they'll ask themselves if there's an action they can take to prevent their fear or worry from happening and they take it.If not,they realize they're spinning in fear and they lay it down. \n Answer: They don't believe in every people they meet.",
            "output": [
                "What is implied about happy people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-40b5f43562a44ddfa017e3a95abbdc92",
            "input": "Article: You might notice something new in the next few years as you watch Disney programs: Starting in 2015, there won't be any candy, sugary cereal or fast-food commercials aimed at kids. The Walt Disney Company has become the first major media company to ban ads for junk food on its TV channels, radio stations and websites. It hopes this will stop kids from making poor food choices. First Lady Michelle Obama called it a \"game changer\" that is sure to send a message to the rest of the children's entertainment industry. \"Just a few years ago, if you had told me or any other mom or dad in America that our kids wouldn't see a single ad for junk food while they watched their favorite cartoons on a major TV network, we wouldn't have believed you,\" said the First Lady, who heads a campaign to help stop child obesity. The ban would apply to Disney-owned ABC stations as well as Radio Disney and Disney-owned websites aimed at families with young children. In addition, Disney plans to make changes to its kids' menus at theme parks and resorts . Fast-food options will be replaced with healthier choices, such as smoothies , apples, vegetables and yogurt. In addition to candy bars and fast-food meals, other foods that don't meet Disney's nutritional standards will be banned from the company's kid-targeted media. Any cereal with 10 grams or more of sugar per serving will be _ . There will be no ads for full meals of more than 600 calories. Juices with high levels of sugar and foods with too much salt will also be pulled. Leslie Goodman, Disney's senior vice-president of Corporate Citizenship, said a company that wants to advertise will need to show that it offers a range of healthy options. Disney isn't the only one pushing away unhealthy foods. Last week, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg suggested a ban on drinks over 16 ounces sold in movie theaters, restaurants and convenience stores in the Big Apple. He says large, sugary drinks are partly to blame for obesity. \n Answer: Stop broadcasting advertisements for junk food on TV.",
            "output": [
                "What will the Walt Disney Company do from 2015?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-71605644c1344f4aab86b0732136571c",
            "input": "Article: \"If you run for more than five minutes at any time, you might need a pair of running shoes.\" Advises Stephen Pribut, a US sports expert. Running shoes are highly technical footwear. The provide stability  while bearing up to three times the wearer's body weight. But it's not easy to find the right pair. Finding the right running shoes is something of an art, or a science and a feel.       The science part begins with the shape of the arch  of your foot, which anyone can find out at home with this quick experiment: Put your foot in water and place it on a piece of brown paper. If you see a \"C\" shape on the paper when you remove your foot, you have a rare high arch. If the shape looks more like a rectangle, that means you have flat feet. See something in between? That's a normal arch.            Conveniently for shoppers, shoe companies nowadays divide their shoes in three categories: neutral ( for high arches), stability ( for normal or low arches) and motion control (for flat arches). So you'll know which type suits you.       At this point, most people would just grab an appealing shoe and try it on, But professionals would do a few quality-control tests. First, you bend the shoe toe to heel to see where it bends. If it's not at the forefoot---where the foot actually be bends, be afraid. Then you grip both ends and twist in opposite directions. If you can twist it like a tower, it means there's zero support. Finally, you squeeze  he heel in both directions. A stable heel won't  _ .       Now you need to check the mold  that shapes the inside of the shoe: whether its wide or narrow in the mid-foot, how it sits on the heel and how roomy the toe box is.       It's wise to make the shoe purchase in the late afternoon, to allow for any swelling  that your feet do throughout the day. Toes also decide sizing choices. The rule is that you need a finger's width from your longest toe (whether that's your big one or not) to the end of the shoe. \n Answer: Best time to buy a pair of running shoes.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c1d4069cc4014028a6432d6491e0127d",
            "input": "Article: Legends about the development of coffee are varied and interesting, involving chance occurrences, political tricks, and the pursuit of wealth and power. According to one story, a sheepherder named Kaldi, as he tended his sheep, noticed the effect of coffee beans. He noticed that the sheep became excited after eating the red \"cherries\" from a certain plant when they changed pastures  . He tried it himself, and was soon as overactive as his sheep. Another story relates that a monk happened to discover that this fruit from the shiny green plant could help him stay awake. Another legend gives us the name for coffee, \"mocha\". Omar, an Arabian was thrown to the desert with his followers to die of starvation. In desperation, Omar had his friends boil and eat the fruit from an unknown plant. Not only did the soup save the group, but the residents of the nearest town, Mocha, took their survival as a religious sign. The plant and its beverage   were named Mocha to honor this event. Coffee was introduced much later to countries beyond Arabia, whose inhabitants believed it to be a tasty thing and guarded its secret as if they were top secret military plans. The government forbade transportation of the plant out of the Moslem nations. The actual spread of coffee was started illegally. One Arab named Baba Budan smuggled   beans to some mountains near Mysore, India, and started a farm there. Early in this century, some of those original plants were found still growing fruitfully in the region. Coffee today is grown and enjoyed worldwide, and is one of the few crops that small farmers in third-world countries can profitably export. \n Answer: Baba Budan's story.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following involves political tricks?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9bd0351139454c8489107b5131b47f0f",
            "input": "Article: Planet Earth would be a scary place for humans if dinosaurs still ruled the world. Though there are still some traces of life from the Jurassic Period, the Age of Dinosaurs more than 65 million years ago. This mass extinction is believed to be the result of an asteriod hitting Earth. A new report by the journal Biological Reviews called \" The Extinction of Dinosaurs\" concludes that this impact was, indeed, the cause of the dinosaurs' _ . But the space blast  wasn't the only reason these creatures aren't still around today. Dinosaurs need food to survive. Meat-eating monsters like the Tyrannosaurus Rex  were at the top of the food chain,  and fed off plant eaters like the horned Triceratops  .  These herbivores    were decreasing in population after the asteroid hit Earth, which left the meat-eating species less food to survive on. \"In any ecosystem where you remove links to key species, that community has problems,\" Richard Butler, one of the review's authors, told National Ceographic. While the herbivore population was going down, Earth's temperatures were rising when volcanoes erupted. Hot vapors and gases began wiping out some of the dinosaur population and weakening the survivors. These changes made the asteroid's impact especially powerful. It caused more volcanoes to erupt, heated up Earth's atmosphere, and led to a sharp drop in the level of oxygen in the oceans. With the dinosaurs gone, mammals  began to evolve into bigger and more diverse species. Many animals we see today, like birds, sharks, and even some cats and dogs, appeared after the asteroid hit Earth. But none rule Earth quite like the dinosaurs did.. \n Answer: A break in the food chain.",
            "output": [
                "According to what Richard Butler said, what caused dinosaurs to die out?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3810dddd05d34f879a94a5fc8c6b0e41",
            "input": "Article: There once was a little boy who wanted to meet God. He knew it was a long trip to where God lived, so he packed his suitcase with bread and a six-pack of beer and started on his journey. When he had gone about three blocks, he met an old woman. She was sitting in the park just staring at some pigeons. The boy sat down next to her and opened his suitcase. He was about to take a drink from his root beer when he noticed that the old lady looked hungry ,so he offered her a chunk of bread. She gratefully accepted it and smiled at him. Her smile was so pretty that the boy wanted to see it again, so he offered her some beer. Once again she smiled at him. The boy was delighted! They sat there all afternoon eating and smiling, but they never said a word. As it began to grow dark, the boy realized how sad he was and he got up to leave. He turned around, ran back to the old woman and gave her a hug . She gave him her biggest smile ever. When the boy opened the door to his own house a short time later, his mother was surprised by the look of joy on his face. She asked him, \"What did you do today that made you so happy?\" He replied, \"I had lunch with God. You know what? She's got the most beautiful smile I've ever seen!\" Meanwhile, the old woman, also radiant   with joy, returned to her home. Her son was astonished by the look of joy on her face and he asked,\"Mother, what did you do today that made you so happy?\"She replied,\"I ate bread in the park with God. You know. He's much younger than I expected.\" \n Answer: It would be long before he met God.",
            "output": [
                "What did the boy know before his journey?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-86e547e23adc40b8b8c0836864242e40",
            "input": "Article: People often ask me how I became successful in that six-year period of time while many of the people I knew did not. The answer is simple: The things I found to be easy to do, they found to be easy not to do. I found it easy to set the goals that could change my life. They found it easy not to. I found it easy to read the books that could affect my thinking. They found that easy not to. I found it easy to attend the classes. They said it probably really wouldn't matter. Six years later, I'm a millionaire and they are all still blaming the economy, the government and company policies. They neglected  to do the basic, easy things. In fact, the primary reason most people are not doing can be summed up in a single word: neglect. It is not the lack of money - banks are full of money. It is not the lack of opportunity - the government continues to offer the most opportunities. It is not the lack of books - libraries are full of books - and they are free! It is not the schools - the classrooms are full of good teachers. We have plenty of good advisors. The major reason that so few take advantage of all that we have is neglect. Don't do the things which cause us to feel guilty  and guilt _ our self-confidence. As our self-confidence reduces, so does the level of our activity. And as our activity goes down, so do our results. And as our results suffer, our attitude begins to weaken. And as our attitude begins changing from positive to negative, our self-confidence becomes even less ... and on and on it goes. So my suggestion is that when giving choice of \"easy to\" and \"easy not to\", do not neglect to do the simple, basic, \"easy\" but potentially life-changing activities. \n Answer: He set himself long-term life goals.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author become a millionaire in six years?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cca9b471a10140009e96bf31b39d4fff",
            "input": "Article: Mr. Eckerd at the end of the street was a different fellow with a different kind of house. He let kids from the neighborhood come to see his house, but only if they had written permission from their parents, and if he'd already spoken to the parents before. What made it so different? He shared his home with rescued animals that the county couldn't keep. He had the permission to have things like monkeys, large cats, and other strange creatures. His house had the ivy -covered brick wall and the iron gate across the driveway. Once you went inside, the hedges lining the driveway were carved into the shapes of animals. There were other pretty plants on the grounds, too. The old brick house held a lot of surprises. The double doors with the lion's head door knockers opened into a large flat entryway. In the wooden board walls all around, there were fish tanks with colorful fishes. The ceilings were painted with scenes of plants and rare animals. Room opened off from there. Continuing down the hall, you came to a large courtyard, which had been caged in, partly open to the sky .A large group of tiny monkeys shook up and down trees. You had to walk through a caged tunnel into other parts of the house. They called out to whoever walked in, hoping for treats of fruits, nuts, and seeds. Behind that, the hall continued to a room full of snakes and lizards. It felt like a desert in that room, so dry and hot. It was not everyone's favorite room, but it certainly was interesting. The final room was actually out back, and definitely not something to miss. It was much like a large glass bird cage or a greenhouse. It was there that you would usually find Mr Eckerd on a bench next to some carvings of jungle animals. He was watching the Bengal tiger that wandered back and forth inside the cage. Mr. Eckerd's house was the strangest and most unique place in town, a place very well worth seeing. \n Answer: It was full of flowers and gardens.",
            "output": [
                "What was different about Mr. Eckerd's house?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-448a0331bd7542c09b82f35f9128d51d",
            "input": "Article: Mr. Smith is well known in Washington because of his many social blunders. He always likes to attend the various social functions because he wants to expand his circle of friends. Whenever he is invited, he goes, unless he is ill. Recently he received an invitation to a fashionable banquet. Although he did not know the hostess, he accepted the invitation. He was secretly very pleased, because he felt that his reputation as a desirable guest was growing. When he arrived at the banquet hall, he found that about one hundred people had been invited. He began to move a-round the hall. He spoke to other guests whether he knew them or not. He soon realized that he had never met any of the other people present, although they seemed to know each other. At dinner he was seated beside a very dignified woman. The woman tried to be friendly even though she had never met Mr. Smith before. She spoke politely whenever he spoke to her. Between the first and the second course of the meal, she, turned to Mr. Smith and said, \"Do you see that gray-haired man at the end of the table? The one with glasses.\" \"Ah, yes. Who is he?\" \"He's the Secretary of the Interior!\" she replied. Mr. Smith said, \"So that's the secretary of the Interior! I' m afraid that I find very little to admire about him, although he is the Secretary.\" The woman stiffened and did not reply. Mr. Smith continued in spite of her coldness. \"I really can't see how he received his appointment unless he is perhaps a relative of the President.\" \"It hardly matters whether you like the Secretary or not,\" she said. \"He was chosen because the President thought he was the man for the job. If he does the job well, you should have no complaint.\" \"That's just it,\" persisted Mr. Smith. \"No one does the things he does, unless he is a complete fool!\" \"Sir!\" said the woman in all her dignity. \"Do you know who I am?\" \"No,\" replied Mr. Smith. \"I am the Secretary's wife,\" she said coldly. Mr. Smith was shocked, but he went on in spite of his embarrassment. \"Madam, do you know who I am?\" \"No, I don't,\" the woman replied. \"Thank goodness!\" exclaimed Mr. Smith, as he quickly left the table. \n Answer: He likes to go to all kinds of parties.",
            "output": [
                "Why is Mr. Smith well known in Washington?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-65d711f81f9144578d6ae0c90c44b790",
            "input": "Article: Welcome to France! Here are some places of interest in Paris. Louvre Museum The collection of the Louvre Museum was first established in the 16th century as the private collection of King Francis I. One of the works of art he purchased was the now famous Mona Lisa painting. The collection grew steadily thanks to donations and purchases by the kings. In 1793, during the French Revolution, the Louvre became a national art museum and the private royal collection opened to the public. The museum has a collection of over 1 million works of art, of which about 35 000 are on display, spread out over three wings   of the former palace. The museum has a diverse collection ranging from ancient times up to the mid 19th century.  Wine Tasting French Wine Tasting in Paris: Whether you are a wine beginner or a real experienced one, one of these tastings is for you! You will taste a wonderful variety of French wines: from Alsace to Bordeaux, from Burgundy to Chateauneuf-du-Pape. With an unusual approach, focused on fun and joy, your French sommelier  will allow you to learn and enjoy the pleasures of wine! There are different ways of tasting to choose from and each is unique, like Wine Appreciation Class, French Wine Regions Presentation, Reading a French Label and the possibility to buy wine. Your Wine Tasting takes place at a French sommelier's home, in a beautiful loft  with air conditioning. Lido Show This evening will begin with the abundant recipes which have been styled in cooperation with the famous French chef, Paul Bocuse. The orchestra invites you to the dance floor. At 9:30pm the Lido's curtain rises for a non-stop hour of magic... as performance after performance bursts onto the stage. After dinner, you'll discover the Lido's unique show. Special effects, incredible settings, magnificent costumes, the display of lights, music rhythms and exceptional entertainments are all pure enchantment. Book your tickets for the Lido dinner show in advance on our website. \n Answer: in the 19th century",
            "output": [
                "When did the Louvre Museum become open to the public?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-254a2cbaa28e4556b5d7a766b9a1cd7e",
            "input": "Article: Chinese tourists prefer hotels and restaurants that offer free Wi-Fi when traveling abroad. Most Chinese tourists instantly update their social networks using their mobile phones. They send photos and short videos to friends and family when traveling abroad. About 10 percent of outbound Chinese tourists get expensive marring charges by using 3G-powered smart phones. About 90 percent of Chinese travelers consider Wi-Fi _ when traveling abroad They often use phone apps to create travel routes and book hotels, which requires large data flows that can be expensive without Wi-Fi But free Wi-Fi is not always available, even in regions with advanced telecnrnmunications,such as the United States and Europe. Portable Wi-Fi costs 15 -50 yuan a day,depending on the country. Ifs cheaper in South Korea,Japan and Thailand. The Wi-Fi services increase rapidly thanks to reasonable pricing and smooth surfing Thus, a growing number of travel agencies begin to offer increasingly diverse Wi-Fi services. A travel website Ctrip leases Wi-Fi transmitters that offer unlimited data for about 20 yuan a day on average in more than 100 countries. It plans to make mobile Wi-Fi an important part of its business model. Another travel website Tumiu also launched a Wi-Fi phone service in 2013. More than 100, 000 people used the service in 2014. More than 100 million Chinese went abroad last year, and the 10 percent who used Wi-Fi services spent an average of 150 youn, and it's expected to grow largely. But the business may become out of date in five to eight years, for more locations am offering free Wi-Fi. 1n the meantime, it is reported that more for-profit models should be introduced and offer more services for outbound travelers in the future \n Answer: They'd like to share what they have seen with their friends and family",
            "output": [
                "Why do Chinese travelers prefer hotels and restaurants with free Wi-Fi when traveling abroad?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57d647f307224d0cb4ef921735b30944",
            "input": "Article: Mo Yan's winning of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature shows the world's recognition of China's contemporary literature, according to the China Writers Association. It also represents the attention drawn to Chinese writers and the international influences of Chinese literature, said an official statement from the organization on Thursday evening. Mo is the first Chinese national to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. In the statement, the association congratulated Mo Yan on his success and spoke highly of his \"outstanding achievements\". Mo had effectively extended the boundaries of imagination, the depth of thoughts and the state of arts of Chinese literature by focusing on lives in the countryside with a unique national style, said the statement. He Jianming, vice president of the association, said in a separate interview, \"It is not only a joyous occasion for Mo, but also a dream coming true for generations of Chinese writers. \" \"The prize also shows recognition in realism writing coming from traditional Chinese literature, \" said He. He cited Mo's latest novel, Frog, which was published in China in 2010, as an example of Mo's focus on realism. The book focuses on the influence of China's \"one child\" policy in the countryside. \"Mo's works are among the best when it comes to Chinese contemporary literature. \"He said, \"Adding the award is significant for the development of Chinese literature and will improve confidence in the country's cultural creativity. \" Mo Yan, a pen name for Guan Moye, was born in 1955 and grew up in Gaomi in east China's Shandong Province. Mo is one of the most widely translated Chinese writers. His best-known work is Red Sorghum, which was made into a film by the director Zhang Yimou. \n Answer: Mo Yan's success represents recognition of Chinese literature.",
            "output": [
                "Which is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-124089679a684629a49e07c305381553",
            "input": "Article: Wisdom teeth are normally the last teeth to appear.This usually happens when people are in their late teen years or early twenties,in other words,when they are older and wiser. Wisdom teeth can grow into place normally and never cause a problem.But often there is not enough room for them in the mouth;they might crowd other teeth.Sometimes they even push sideways through the gums  . An impacted wisdom tooth is one that fails to completely rise through the gums.Wisdom teeth that only partly break through can leave space for bacteria to enter around the teeth.Infection   is a risk in these cases. Wisdom teeth that are not well lined and become impacted are often removed.The American Dental Association says removal is generally advised when wisdom teeth only partly break through the gums.Removal is also advised if there is a chance that wisdom teeth ate poorly lined.The best time to remove is before the teeth cause any problems or pain.Young adults are the best candidates for wisdom teeth removal. But why do we have wisdom teeth if we often need to get them removed?One theory has to do with our diets.Scientists say the diet of ancient humans probably required more chewing teeth.Life was probably a little rougher on the teeth back then,too.So it was good to have extras. \n Answer: Just older and wiser people can have wisdom teeth.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage,which of the following statements is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f76e5e5061948d097eee602fddcd26a",
            "input": "Article: A heartless thief is believed to have crashed a fund-raiser and made off with a bag of cash meant to help a New York City firefighter pay for life-changing surgery for his 9-year-old son. But little Aidan Sullivan -- who was born with a facial defect and no right ear -- yesterday put up a brave front, with a message for the crook(thief): \"I'm going to kick your butt!\" \"I want to look normal,\" said Aidan, whose father, Tim, is a firefighter in the Bronx. The third-grader has hemi facial micro soma, in which one half of the face doesn't develop correctly. Last weekend, family friend Peter Drake, a Ridgefield, Conn., firefighter, hosted a fund-raiser, collecting between $8,000 and $9,000. But when the party at a Danbury, Conn., Irish cultural center was over, the money had disappeared. \"At the end of the night, all the money that was donated was put in a zippered bag,\" said Tim Sullivan. \"A bartender gave the bag to Pete... He had it in his hands. He put it down to go do something, and when he came back, he saw that it was missing.\" Sullivan said his longtime friend -- who has had fund-raisers to pay for Aidan's 10 previous surgeries -- is \"devastated.\" \"Pete was so upset. He kept saying, 'I let Aidan down, I let Aidan down,\" Colleen Sullivan, 40, recalled. \"We even went Dumpster diving, in case it was thrown out.\" The Sullivans plan to go ahead with the March 1 surgery led by specialists at NYU's Langone Medical Center in Manhattan. The money would have offset the $10,000 to $15,000 that insurance doesn't cover. Yesterday, Aidan said he's not a fan of hospitals and doesn't like to be away from his sister, Kaylee, 4. But he's willing to do it. \"I'm excited,\" he said. \"Finally, an ear.\" \n Answer: A newspaper.",
            "output": [
                "Where do you probably read this text from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b6838975d44145cea8c9b6307795f550",
            "input": "Article: BLOOMINGTON --- Once Staci Roper, 14, starts sending text messages, she finds it hard to stop. \" Sometimes I text from the time I get up until I go to bed, except during school,\" said the eighth-grader at Kingsley Junior High.      Her sister Sara Roper, 18, also texts a lot, saying \"It is a lot easier than using the telephone.\"      For teens, technology has become a common way to start and keep social contacts.      Richard Sullivan, a teacher at Illinois State University, said text messaging has become \"the new way of passing notes.\"      \"It is an important tool for social communication, especially for the youth,\" Sullivan said.      But the girls have to store their mobile phones during school because they can be a distraction , Sullivan said.      That is why parents must monitor  their children's mobile phone use, said Tim Shannon, a child psychologist at Carle Clinic in Bloomington.      The same technologies that can help communication can be  _ if children use them to ignore their family at supper, Shannon said.      While Linda Roper does not allow her children to text massages during meals, she usually does not need to intervene . \"My kids are both very disciplined  and good about doing their homework,\" she said.      Gary and Mary Carstens also do not allow their children to text at supper or at family get-togethers.      Their daughter, Kayla, 14, usually texts more on weekends when she has more free time. Kayla likes text messaging \"because others can't hear you.\"      The Carstens got Kayla a mobile phone several years ago because she is active in after-class sports and the phone allows her parents to keep in touch with her.      Mary Carstens believes all the communication allowed by modern technology is good for her kids. \n Answer: They think parents should text for children.",
            "output": [
                "What do Sullivan and Tim Shannon think of teenagers' sending messages?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87f02d98c3d04f269f402a9c1ca32c75",
            "input": "Article: A serious problem for today's society is who should be responsible for our elderly and how to improve their lives. It is not only a financial problem but also a question of the system we want for our society. I would like to suggest several possible solutions to this problem. First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees. To make this possible, a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose. But when a company must take life-long responsibility for its employees, it may suffer from a commercial disadvantage due to higher employee costs. Another way of solving the problem is to return the responsibility to the individual. This means each person must save during his working years to pay for his years of retirement. This does not seem a very fair model since some people have enough trouble paying for their daily life without trying to earn extra to cover their retirement years. This means the government might have to step in to care for the poor. In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions. Furthermore, some institutions should be created for senior citizens, which can help provide a comfortable life for them. Unfortunately, as the present situation in our country shows, this is not a truly _ answer. The government can seldom afford to care for the elderly, particularly when it is busy trying to care for the young. One further solution is that the government or social organizations establish some working places especially for the elderly where they are independent. To sum up, all these options have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generations. \n Answer: Where the old can go to get their pensions.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72d9f990372e48a2855a4f1edf95ac3c",
            "input": "Article: The airline lost your baggage. The hotel laundry ruined your favorite shirt. The taxi driver asked for more money. When you're abroad, sometimes things go wrong. Now you can do something about it! Use these tips when you want to express an effective complaint in English. No matter how unfair the situation is, it's best to express your complaint politely. In English, you'll sound more polite if you use indirect language. Here are some examples: \"I'm sorry to bother you...\" Starting a complaint like this puts the listener who may have heard many complaints that day at ease. Use this phrase if the situation isn't that serious. For example, \"I'm sorry to bother you, but I wanted a baked potato, not fried.\" \"Can you help me with this?\" Everyone would rather be asked to do something than told! So try expressing your complaint as a request for help: \"Can you help me with this? My shirt came back from the laundry without buttons.\" \"I'm afraid there may be a misunderstanding.\" This is a polite way of saying, \"Your information is wrong. Please fix it now.\" You'll most likely use this phrase if you made reservations  for a flight, hotel or restaurant, and when you arrive, it's not what you expected. For example, \"I'm afraid there may be a misunderstanding. I requested a non-smoking room.\" \"I understand it's not your fault...\" Often when you make a complaint, you deal with a person who was not directly responsible for the problem. But the problem isn't your fault, either! This phrase is helpful when you need swift action. Tell the person you're dealing with that you understand they're not at fault and then directly state the problem: \"I understand it's not your fault, but the airline promised they would deliver my baggage yesterday.\" \"Excuse me, but I understood that...\" Using this phrase lets the person know you're well-informed and doubt they might be trying to take advantage of you. Don't say, \"Hey! You're trying to cheat me!\" Instead, start indirectly by stating what you know to be true: \"I understood that the taxi ride to the airport was only 25 dollars.\" Then give them a chance to do the right thing. \n Answer: To offer advice on giving complaints in English.",
            "output": [
                "What's the purpose of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eb71fc6170054604aa3c8afca348690b",
            "input": "Article: Being the head of a high school for many years, I grew tired of budget meetings, funding cuts, and many other administrative chores . I started to dream of retirement. Sitting in traffic on a weekday morning, I would find my mind wandering. I would imagine spending time with my grandchildren, quiet evenings with my wife, traveling, or rediscovering some great books. I told myself that I wouldn't sign myself up for any committees, any classes, or anything requiring a schedule. My first day of retirement came at last! I cooked a great breakfast for my wife and me, leisurely read the paper, cleaned a bit of the house, and wrote a few letters to friends. On the second day, I cooked breakfast, read the paper... On the third day, ... This is retirement? I tried to tell myself that it was just the transition , that those golden moments were right round the corner, and that I would enjoy them soon enough. But something was missing. A former colleague asked a favor. A group of students was going to Jamaica to work with children in the poorest neighborhoods. Would I interrupt my newfound \"happiness\" and return to the students, just this once? One trip. That's all. My bags were packed and by the door. The trip was very inspiring. I was moved not only by the poverty I saw but also by the sense of responsibility of the young people on the trip. When I returned home, I offered to work one day a week with a local youth organization. The experience was so positive that I was soon volunteering nearly full-time, working with students across North America to assist them in their voluntary work. Now, it seems, . Some days I am the teacher, other days I am the student. These young people have reawakened my commitment  to social justice issues by challenging me to learn more about the situation in the world today, where people are still poor and suffer because of greed, corruption and war. Most important, they have given me the opportunity to continue to participate in helping to find solutions. In return, I help them do their charitable projects overseas. I've gone from running one school to helping oversee the construction of schools in twenty-one countries! \n Answer: To stay away from busy schedules.",
            "output": [
                "What did the writer expect to do after he retired?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bfdd1f6064444771becaf6bc6dcfce23",
            "input": "Article: Tu Youyou, 84, honored with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5, 2015. She was the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science for her work in helping to create an anti-malaria  medicine. In 1967, Communist leader Mao Zedong decided there was an urgent national need to find a cure for malaria. At the time, malaria spread by mosquitoes was killing Chinese soldiers fighting Americans in the jungles of northern Vietnam. A secret research unit was formed to find a cure for the illness. Two years later, Tu Youyou was instructed to become the new head of Mission 523. Researchers in Mission523 _ ancient books to find historical methods of fighting malaria. When she started her search for an anti-malarial drug, over 240,000 compounds  around the world had already been tested, without any success. Finally, the team found a brief reference to one substance, sweet wormwood , which had been used to treat malaria in China around 400 AD. The team isolated one active compound in wormwood, artemisinin , which appeared to battle malaria-friendly parasites . The team then tested extracts  of the compound but nothing was effective until Tu Youyou returned to the original ancient text. After another careful reading, she improved the drug recipe one final time, heating the extract without allowing it to reach boiling point. After the drug showed promising results in mice and monkeys, Tu volunteered to be the first human recipient of the new drug. \"As the head of the research group, I had the responsibility.\" she explained. \n Answer: After she entered \"Mission 523\".",
            "output": [
                "When did Ms. Tu start her malaria research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fae5c92a7d0d45fd81a635328ed69009",
            "input": "Article: What can you say about a vibrant  city that I once called home? Is she beautiful or brilliant? Do these lines sound familiar to you? If you have read the book or seen the movie 'Love Story' you would know that my opening lines are 'inspired' from it. And it fits!     I fell in love with Hong Kong at first sight! It's the city where I set up our first home, raised our son, and studied my MBA. Our first encounter was in October 2010, when my husband and I were there for a week to visit the city we would be calling home for the next few years. Once we entered the city, what impressed us was its vibrancy and almost immediately I was convinced to make that city our home. A few months later, we settled down and I loved everything about Hong Kong! The wet markets, the modern shopping malls, the bargaining at Mongkok, the fine foods...there is so much to experience.  Then came the MBA, which took the entire experience to a different level. I was so nervous about returning to books after almost a decade. I thought I would struggle a lot with the academic requirements. But, I made it. I am so happy to have so many good memories to write in this blog. One thing for which I will always be grateful is the opportunity to travel. And Hong Kong gave me plenty of that. I feel enriched just having visited some of the neighboring countries.      I am living in another city that I love----London now. However, Hong Kong, for all its sights and smells, was once home to me and my family. I WILL MISS YOU! \n Answer: To give readers some advice on travling.",
            "output": [
                "For what purpose does the author write the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a08a9664e3d84cc9af6a7acdbe66de5c",
            "input": "Article: I had to knock on the taxi to get his attention.Finally,the driver,a man about 60,looked up from behind the wheel and apologized,\"I'm sorry,but I was reading a letter.\" He sounded as if he had a cold or a cough. Since I was in no hurry,I told him to finish his letter.He shook his head,explaining that he had already read it several times and almost knew it by heart.Curious,I asked whether it was from a child or maybe a grandchild.\"This isn't family,\"he replied.\"though he might just as well have been a regular member of the family.Old Ed and I grew up together.\" They were always friends.But since he moved away from the neighborhood 30 years ago,it'd generally just been postcards at Christmas time between them.A couple of weeks ago,Ed died.\"I should have kept in touch.\" He repeated this,more to himself than to me.To comfort him,I said sometimes we just didn't seem to find the time.\"But we used to find the time,\" he said.\"Take a look.\" He handed the letter over to me. The first sentence \"I've been meaning to write for some time,but I've always delayed it.\" reminded me of myself.It went on to say that he often thought about the good times they had had together.When I read the part where it said \"Your friendship really means a lot to me,more than I can say because I'm not good at saying things like that\",I found myself nodding in agreement. We had gone several kilometers and were almost at my hotel, so I read the last paragraph: \"So I thought you'd like to know that I was thinking of you.\" And it was ended with \"Your Old Friend, Tom.\" \"I thought your friend's name was Ed,\" I said. \"I'm Tom,\" he explained. \"It's a letter I wrote to Ed before I knew he'd died. I never put it in the mailbox. I guess I should have written it sooner.\" His face was pale as he wiped his eyes with a handkerchief. When I got to my hotel room I didn't unpack right away.I had to write a letter and post it. \n Answer: Tom",
            "output": [
                "Who wrote the letter?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ba49b47edbcf4350b9af9a4884548f62",
            "input": "Article: Bars are very important in providing a place where people can meet and make friends. People who enjoy a drink in a local bar are happier and have more friends. They are more likely to be engaged in conversations in small community pubs, and social skills improve after a drink. Professor Robin Dunbar of Oxford University said, \"Friendship and communities are probably the two most important factors influencing our health and well-being. Making and maintaining friendships is something that has to be done in the real world. The digital world is simply no substitute(n.). Given the increasing tendency for our social life to be on the Internet rather than in real life, having relaxed, accessible places where people can meet old friends and make new ones becomes even more necessary.\" Tim Page, chief executive of CAMRA, said, \"Bars offer a social environment to enjoy a drink with friends in a responsible community setting. The role of community bars in ensuring well-being cannot be overstated. For that reason, we all  need to do what we can to ensure that everyone has a 'local' near to where they live or work.\" Bars have long been part of British society and have played a key role in British social life since the 16thcentury. Bars came to represent the heart and soul of a community, providing both a place of entertainment and an engine for community bonding. In a world before the arrival of the motor car, the bar provided a venue in which people could get friendships and a sense of community. But the closing decades of the 20th century witnessed major changes in both the style of bars (for example, themed bars) and their numbers. As of 2015, the number of bars declines sharply, with bars continuing to close at an average rate of 29 a week. \n Answer: The importance of face-to-face communication.",
            "output": [
                "What does a regular(n.) at a local bar having more friends prove?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7f750fc880904034a9a1a5b0fb1d7b4b",
            "input": "Article: US Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld is likely to visit China at an \"appropriate\" time this year, a senior Chinese military official said on Monday. Colonel Tu Qiming, director of the American and Oceania Affairs Bureau of the Foreign Affairs Office at the National Defense Ministry, made the remark during Sino-US defense talks this week. This is the first ever \"special defense policy dialogue\" between the two defense ministries, according to the Chinese military. *** FRANCES Agriculture Ministry has confirmed the first case of mad cow disease detected in a goat last Friday. The goat killed in 2002 tested positive for mad cow disease. It is the first case in the world of the fatal disease being found in an animal other than a bovine. The human form of mad cow disease causes brain-wasting, personality change, loss of body function, and ends in death. The European Commission has not advised any change in farming and consuming goats, said the French Ministry in a statement published last Friday. *** MOBILE phone sales hit a new record in 2010, with some 684 million units sold around the world, the US research institute Strategy Analytics said on Thursday. The number represents an increase of 32 per cent over 2003, when 571 million units were sold. Strategy Analytics predicts a more modest rise of 8 per cent for this year, to 735 million. Finnish cell phone provider Nokia stayed out in front in 2010, with sales of 207.6 million units, giving it a market share of 30.4 per cent. Motorola moved to No 2, just ahead of the South Korean company Samsung. *** SIX male penguins at a German zoo are proving stubbornly resistant to females brought in from Sweden to make them into breeding .Of the ten male penguins at the zoo, six have formed into \"homosexual\" couples and have shown no interest in the females, making breeding an impossibility. So the zoo imported the four female penguins from Sweden last month, full of hope that the new arrivals could \"turn\" the males. But so far, the boys are remaining strictly with the boys. \n Answer: Seven.",
            "output": [
                "How many countries are mentioned in the pieces of news?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-79f73a0c13ee4a7187cf9709661140ee",
            "input": "Article: Hilton Head Island, in South Carolina, is one of the popular vacation spots on the East Coast of the US. There are 250 restaurants on the island You can try the excellent restaurants introduced below. Skull Creek Boathouse (843-681-3663)    There's no shortage of interesting and tantalizing  choices to satisfy any seafood lover's palate. Lunch is served daily from 11:30 am to 4 pm,dinner from 4pm to 9 pm, and weekend brunch is served from 10 am to 3 pm. The menu is mostly seafood, as you would think by the name of the restaurant. Quarterdeck(866-561-8802)   The view from this restaurant is amazing. You have choices, such as beef or burgers, salads and soups. The hours are typically from 11:30 am to 5 pm for lunch, and from 5 pm to 9 pm for dinner. It couldn't get any better -- delicious food, surrounded by equally delicious scenery. Frankie Bones(843-842-4033)   It is open 7 days a week for lunch and dinner from 11:30 am to 8 pm, and Sunday lunch is served from 11:30 am to 3 pm. For lunch you can enjoy sandwiches, salads, rice, and pasta dishes. It has potato chips on the side, which they would be happy to substitute for veggies. The entree   was served with soup or salad. The salad also has cheese, pine nuts, and dried berries. Mellow Mushroom(843-686-2474)    If you want something different from your usual food, go to the Mellow Mushroom. It has specialty pizza, salads and sandwiches. If you enjoy wines, you'll surely find something you like, because it has a wall full of beer on tap, as well as a large variety of bottled wines. It is open 7 days a week -- Sunday through Thursday from 11:30 am to 9:00 pm and Friday and Saturday 11:00 am to 11:00 pm. \n Answer: It offers seafood mainly",
            "output": [
                "What is special about Skull Creek Boathouse?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe2f18039e154d95bcb1ef654a0a7fca",
            "input": "Article: The Cat in the Hat takes place on a cold, wet day with two kids awaiting their mother's return. Instead of their mother, a strange cat enters the house. He begins balancing a fish bowl on the tip of his umbrella while balancing himself on a beach ball! The two kids and their pet fish worry and worry. But readers around the world laughed and laughed over the Cat and the Hat. Theodore Seuss Geisel, known to fans as Dr. Seuss, wrote the book. It was first published in 1957. Geisel liked to have fun and make people laugh, but he had a serious reason for writing the book. In 1954, a Life magazine article argued that kids couldn't read because the books used to teach them how to read were too boring. John Hersey, the Pulitzer-prize winning author of the article, suggested Geisel write a story that \"first graders wouldn't be able to put down\". To write the book, Geisel had to have a good knowledge of a beginning reader's word list. Geisel says that he came up with the title by looking for the first two words on the list that rhymed  . And so The Cat in the Hat was born! But it wasn't an easy book to write. It took Geisel one and a half years to complete. To celebrate The Cat in the Hat's birthday, Random House, the book's publisher, created Project 236. The number 236 represents the number of words Geisel used to write the book. As a part of Project 236, there will be a nationwide read-aloud of The Cat in the Hat at 2:36 on March 2, Dr. Seuss's birthday. \n Answer: To improve children's reading.",
            "output": [
                "What is Dr. Seuss's purpose in writing The Cat in the Hat?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a776878329e4a2b87778ab6885d8c74",
            "input": "Article: (Reuters) --- A stampede killed at least 36 people during New Year's Eve celebrations in Shanghai, authorities said, but the police denied reports that it was caused by people rushing to pick up fake money thrown from a building overlooking the city's famous waterfront. It was the worst disaster in the modern city since 58 died in an apartment building fire in 2010. The cause of the crush has still to be confirmed, though state media and some witnesses have said it was at least partly aroused when people rushed to pick up coupons that looked like bank notes. A man named Wu said the fake money had been thrown down from a bar above the street as part of the celebrations. \"This incident happened after the stampede,\" police said in a brief statement, without saying what the real cause was. Another witness said there had been a problem away from the area where the fake bills were thrown, with people trying to get on to a raised platform overlooking the river. Xinhua news agency said that people had been trampled on after falling down on the steps up to the platform. Authorities had shown some concern about crowd control in the days leading up to New Year's Eve. They recently canceled an annual 3D laser show on the Bund, which last year attracted as many as 300,000 people. On New Year's Eve, Beijing also canceled a countdown event in the central business district, Chinese media said, due to police fears about overcrowding. The Shanghai government said on its official microblog that an inquiry had begun, and that all other New Year events had been canceled. In 2004, 37 people died in a stampede in northern Beijing, on a bridge at a scenic spot, during the Lunar New Year holiday. \n Answer: To celebrate the New Year's Eve.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, why did people go to the Bund?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-800d45c91d73458495617522d7b322ff",
            "input": "Article: What exactly is intelligence? There aren't any easy answers.Despite the progress that has been made in genetics and psychology, human intelligence has remained one of the most controversial areas of modern science,until now, that is, for the discovery of a gene linked to intelligence has made the experts think again. Robert Plomin of the Institute of Psychiatry in London and his colleagues in the US have been looking into genetic make-up.From their research, they have discovered that a slightly different gene is more common in those with a high IQ.Plomin analyzed DNA from two groups of 51 children aged between 6 and 15.What he found was that the first group had an IQ of 136, putting them in the top 5% of the population, while the other group had an average IQ of 103.An analysis of their genes showed that 32% of children in the higher group had the gene in question, while only 16% in the second group did.However, there is a lot more research to be done, and Plomin himself is cautious at this early stage.He suggests that there are probably many genes that contribute to intelligence, rather than just one. Several studies have shown a strong link between IQ and career success, although some psychologists remain unconvinced about this.Professor Michael Rowe, who has written a book called Genius Explained, is one of these.\"The people with the highest IQs are not usually the ones who do best in their careers.\" Many psychologists now believe that when it comes to intelligence, IQ isn't everything.Many alternative views have been put forward recently.One example is the idea of multiple intelligences, which was developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner. _ offers a much broader view than the IQ theory, including creativity and communication skills as relevant factors in intelligence. Tony Buzan, brain expert and author of Master your Memory, is enthusiastic about this belief, arguing that true geniuses do indeed appear to combine high levels of each type of intelligence.He lists Alexander the Great, Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein as examples.At the same time, Buzan believes that everyone can develop their intelligence, only if they take the trouble to exercise their brain.Perhaps there's hope for us all! \n Answer: Howard Gardner thinks intelligence includes various factors",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d062cc577ffe48e5ae4add013d832553",
            "input": "Article: \"Last week,\" Dr. P said \"I was invited to a doctors' meeting at the R. Hospital. In one of the rooms a patient, an old man, got up from his bed and moved slowly towards me. I could see that he hadn't long to live, but he came up to me and placed his right foot close to mine on the floor.\" \"Frank!\" I cried with surprise. He couldn't answer as I knew, but he tried to smile, all the time keeping his foot close to mine. My thoughts raced back more than thirty years--to the dark days of 1941, when I was a student in London. The scene was an air-raid shelter  , in which I and about a hundred other people slept every night. Among them were Mrs. West and her son Frank, who lived nearby. Sharing wartime problems, we got to know each other very well. Frank interested me because he was not normal  . He had never been normal, ever since he was born. His mother told me he was 37 then, but he had less of a mind than a baby has. Mrs. West, then about 75, was a strong, able woman, as she had to be of course, because Frank depended on her completely. He needed all the attention of a baby. One night a policeman came into our shelter and told Mrs. West that her house had been all destroyed. That wasn't quite true, because the West went on living there for quite some time. But they certainly lost nearly everything they owned. When that kind of thing happened, the rest of us helped the unlucky ones. So before we separated   that morning, I stood beside Frank and measured my right foot against his. They were about the same size. That night, then, I took a spare pair of shoes to the shelter for Frank. As soon as he saw me, he came running--and placed his right foot against mine. After that, he always greeted   me in the same way. \n Answer: Frank's name was written on the door.",
            "output": [
                "How did Dr P know that the patient was Frank?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f985873ac93442d68748418204a0c091",
            "input": "Article: If you watch British television on March 15, you might be surprised to see celebrities  wearing funny red noses and joking; around. But don't worry. They're not mad. It's all part of a money raising event called Red Nose Day. Founded in 1985 by two British comedians, the aim of the event is to raise money to fight poverty and injustice in the UK and Africa. Celebrities and public figures support the event by making appearances on comic TV shows. For example, UK Prime Minister David Cameron once appeared in a music video by One Direction, which the band produced for the event. Britons don't just raise money for charitable causes on one day a year, but they do it all year round. One way of doing so is by shopping in charity shops. These small shops sell clothes, books and household goods just like any other shop except that it's all secondhand. There are nearly 10,000 charity shops in the UK. Their business model is simple: Anybody who has things they don't want anymore can donate them to a charity shop, where they are checked for damage, cleaned and priced. The money that is made by selling them is used for a charitable cause. The idea of buying used clothes may sound unpleasant, but for shoppers who have less spending money, it has been a welcome option. Now, shopping at charity shops is also becoming popular with young people looking for alternative fashion. \"You can find very unique clothes for a very cheap price. It doesn't bother me that other people may have worn them. I simply wash them before I wear them.\" said Anne Marie, a 19-year-old from the US. So next time you spot a charity shop, why not go inside? Who knows, you might find a lovely dress for just a few pounds. Even better, you can enjoy wearing it in the knowledge tha t your money helped a good cause. \n Answer: To entertain the audience.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Cameron appear in One Direction's music video?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ff131eacdf014d7082c934c144f41e81",
            "input": "Article: Kids are cool to wear blue jeans and T-shirts today.It is fashionable like that.Fashion refers to the styles of dress that are currently popular.Fashion goes beyond just clothes, though.It's important for some people to wear only the latest fashions and styles.For others, though, keeping up with trends isn't that important.The one thing that stays the same with fashion is this: it always changes! During the 1960s and 1970s, hippies made bell-bottomed blue jeans popular.Also, in the 1980s, Michael Jackson made parachute pants all the fashion.Now try to find these items in today's clothing stores! Do you know why fashions change? The answer is probably as simple as the fact that people change.Over time, the new replaces the old.People are influenced greatly by popular culture, including athletes, musicians, movies stars, as well as popular films, television shows, books and music.We are also influenced by the fashion industry's advertising. The stars of popular culture are always searching for a new angle to maintain their popularity.Often these new angles come in the form of new clothing or hairstyles.When people see these new styles, they often want to imitate their favorite stars.To do so, they seek out the latest fashions to make themselves look like the people they want to imitate.In this way, fashions evolve and change over time. Clothes have been used to separate people into groups for many years.Even today, brand-name, clothing that is more expensive than other types of clothing can be used by some people to distinguish themselves from others. Unfortunately, this can often have the effect of distancing certain groups from others.Don't forget that it's always OK to develop your own sense of style that is unique and separate from what the fashion world determines! Stay true to yourself and let your personality--not your clothes--speak for who you are! \n Answer: New films and shows replace the old.",
            "output": [
                "What causes the changes of fashions?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4734e1c3871644848fde8fbf0a51d9d7",
            "input": "Article: B  It was a hot, humid day, and my brother Walt and I had decided that the only way to survive it would be to go swimming in a deep swimming hole across Mr.Blickez's pasture  and through some woods. The only problem with our plan was that this pasture was guarded by a huge, mean Hereford bull.Mr.Blickez had told us that Elsie was the meanest bull in the township, maybe even the county, and we believed him.But the hotter it got, the more we thought there was something fishy about his claim.For one thing, we remembered Mr.Blickez liked telling tall tales; for another, Elsie seemed like an odd name for a bull. Finally, I talked Mom into asking permission for us to walk through the pasture, but then another problem surfaced.Mom said she would talk to Mr.Blickez if we would take our cousin Joanie along with us.Joanie was almost two years older than me and a head taller.If her teasing ever got around my grade school, it would be all over for me.In fact, I still had a headache from a quarrel with her that morning.\"I'm not going swimming with that dumb girl cousin.\" I told my mom. \"Either Joanie goes with, or you stay home alone,\" Mom said in her serious tone.I gave in and we set out.On our way across the pasture, Walt yelled suddenly.Elsie had approached him quietly and was licking  his back.Joanie and I dove under the wire fence, but while I was on the ground I looked up and saw that Elsie wasn't a big mean bull after all.She was going to keep licking my brother's back as long as he stood still. We had many good days growing up and visiting our secret swimming hole guarded by the so-called \"big mean bull\".And as it turned out, for a girl cousin, Joanie hasn't been too bad.She's been one of my best friends over the years. \n Answer: His mother insisted on his cousin going with him.",
            "output": [
                "What's the second problem the author has to face?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4169a79a117d4fd9bdd5541f32525ed7",
            "input": "Article: Football is America's most popular sport, and by football I don't mean soccer.  American football is a unique sport with its own rules, regulations, and fans. Being a football fan means something different than being a fan in other sports; football fans have their own culture and customs. Since football is a violent, contact sport, its games are played infrequently. Usually fans have to wait an entire week before they can see their favorite team play again. This means that football fans take advantage of the days they can cheer for their teams. One custom that football fans have is called tailgating. Tailgating describes when a big group of people gets together before a game and has a small party. Tailgating usually lasts a few hours and involves lots of good food and beverages. It is most common to grill food at a tailgate, especially hamburgers, hotdogs, sausages, and any other type of meat. It is not unusual to see people drinking lots of beer, throwing footballs around, talking to (or arguing with) other fans, etc. Tailgating happens for other sports too, but it is much more important to football fans. Sports fans in every country have unique and strange ways to celebrate their favorite teams and players. Football in America is no different. \n Answer: They don't like other sports and think football is the best.",
            "output": [
                "Why are football fans different from fans in other sports?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d0b5773d5124a8b8a7151eee519639e",
            "input": "Article: Once upon a time two brothers who lived on neighboring farms fell into conflict . It was the first serious one in 40 years of farming side by side, sharing machinery, and trading labor and goods as needed.       Then the long cooperation fell apart. It began with a small misunderstanding and it grew into a major difference, and finally it exploded into an exchange of bitter words followed by weeks of silence.       One morning there was a knock on John' door. He opened it to find a man with a carpenter's toolbox. \"I'm looking for a few days' work,\" he said. \"Could I help you?\"      \"Yes,\" said the older brother. \"I do have a job for you. Look across the creek  at that farm. That's my neighbor, in fact, it's my younger brother. Last week there was a meadow  between us and he took his bulldozer  to the levee  and now there is a creek between us. Well, he may have done this to spite me, but I'll go him one better. I want you to build me a fence--an 8-foot fence --so I won't need to see his place anymore. Cool him down, anyhow.\"      The carpenter said, \"I think I understand the situation. I'll be able to do a job that pleases you.\" The older brother had to go to town for supplies, so he helped the carpenter get the materials ready and then he was off for the day.   The carpenter worked hard all that day measuring, sawing, nailing. About sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter had just finished his job. The farmer's eyes opened wide, his jaw dropped.       There was no fence there at all. It was a bridge-- a bridge stretching from one side of the creek to the other! A fine piece of work-- and his younger brother was coming across, his hand outstretched.   \"You are quite a fellow to build this bridge after all I've said and done.\"   The brothers stood at each end of the bridge, and then they met in the middle, taking each other's hand. They turned to see the carpenter lift his toolbox on his shoulder. \"No, wait! Stay a few days. I've a lot of other projects for you,\" said the older brother.   \"I'd love to stay on,\" the carpenter said, \"but, I have so many more bridges to build.\" \n Answer: They were friendly neighbors, helping each other.",
            "output": [
                "What was life like for the two brothers before the conflict?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6db0262190014e6c892c504247c857e9",
            "input": "Article: Nanjing and Hangzhou summer camps offered We are looking for hard-working and open-minded English teachers to join the Nanjing ( Jiangsu Province) and Hangzhou ( Zhejiang Province) summer camps ! Both of the summer camps will run from the beginning of July to the end of August. You will be expected to teach spoken English to Chinese students of different ages. We encourage you to bring your own culture to the classes to make things more interesting. The information of the Nanjing camp: * Working hours: 40 hours per week, 5 working days per week. * Salary: about 7, 000 RMB per month. * Accommodation: free (single room). The information of the Hangzhou camp: * Working hours: 5 hours per day ( = 50 min./class x 6 classes), one day rest per week. * Salary: 20,160 RMB in total (420 RMB per day = 70 RMB/class x 6 classes). * Accommodation: free (shared room). The requirements of the summer camps:  * Native English speakers (US, England, Canada, Australia, New Zealand). * A university degree. * Teaching experience. Please send us your resume  , copies of certificates and passport if you are interested in the camps. E-mail: teacher1324@ sina. com. cn For more information you can visit our website at [Link] English summer camps. com. cn. Look forward to hearing from you soon! \n Answer: Foreign-English teachers.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of people is the passage mainly written for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bdc0a4d06c1e409fbe066de6ea396757",
            "input": "Article: Nola is a 41-year-old northern white rhino  that lives at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park in Escondido, California. She is one of only four remaining northern white rhinos in the world, and the only one in the western part of the earth. The other three live in Kenya . Rhinos have lived on earth for more than 40 million years, but they are now at the risk of dying out. Hunters illegally hunt rhinos for their horns , which are used for art, jewelry, and decorations. They sell the horns for thousands of dollars per pound, though it is not allowed by law. Rhino horns are also prized as a key part in traditional medicine, even though scientific tests have proven that the horns cannot cure illnesses. Experts say that every eight hours, one rhino will be hunted. Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent rhinos from dying out. In 1975, the San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research started the Frozen Zoo, a program through which researchers have collected cell samples  from more than 8,000 different animal species until now, including the northern white rhino. Scientists hope that by studying the rhino cells, they will gain greater understanding of the species, and will find ways to increase its number. Jeanne Loring works with the Frozen Zoo. Loring's research focuses on pluripotent stem cells, which are cells that can renew and become any cell type. Loring's lab at TSRI is working together with scientist Oliver Ryder of the San Diego Zoo to use pluripotent stem cells to try to increase the number of the northern white rhino. Loring said the goal is to start producing new rhinos through this method over the next couple of years. \n Answer: Studying animals to help them survive.",
            "output": [
                "What was the Frozen Zoo started for?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e904199f7eeb4b76838db9fa135d9127",
            "input": "Article: It is a bright morning in the Ethiopian countryside. Yohannes walks beside a pair of donkeys that are pulling a two-wheeled cart. They arrive at the agricultural town of Awassa where Yohannes opens the sides of the cart to display, not the usual vegetables or tools, but children's books. This is the Donkey Mobile Library, the first of its kind in Ethiopia and one of only a few in the world. Yohannes was born in Ethiopia, North Africa, but trained to be a librarian in the USA and returned to Ethiopia years ago. The cart is full of picture books donated by American libraries, teachers and school children. Yohannes arranges small painted benches in the shade of the trees, and suddenly Ethiopian children come shouting and racing down every road and path. It's mobile library day! They circle the bookshelves with great excitement. Until the Donkey Mobile Library began its regular two-monthly visits, many of these children had never seen a book. \"Without books, education is very dull, like food without salt. You can survive but you can't really come alive,\" says Yohannes. \"The ability to read is the basis for greater productivity, better health and longer life. Even though the children lack material goods, with books they can imagine a world of possibilities.\" Yohannes first worked in the children's section of the main library in America. Surrounded by books he had never seen before, he realized how joyful and imaginative children's literature is. He says, \"I always thought of Ethiopia. But how could I bring children's books to my home country when it had almost no libraries to keep the books in?\" He contacted Jane Kurtz, a writer born in America but brought up in Ethiopia, and together they created the Donkey Mobile Library. The children say that the Library has given them ideas about what they might do in the future. A child called Dareje wants to be a scientist and find a cure for life-threatening diseases. An eleven year-old girl, Fikerte, wants to do research about the moon and discover new facts about outer space. Tamrat, aged 10, comes every time. \"What brings you back here time and time again?\" the librarian asks him. \"The stories,\" Tamrat replies instantly. \n Answer: Excited.",
            "output": [
                "How do the children feel when they see the Donkey Mobile Library?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b25d4103f3ee4110bcb88dc7a93e5df4",
            "input": "Article: Observe a child; any one will do. You will see that not a day passes in which he does not find something or other to make him happy, though he may be in tears the next moment. Then look at a man; any one of us will do. You will notice that weeks and months can pass. Days are greeted with nothing more than resignation  . A man can not smile like a child, for a child smiles with his eyes, whereas a man smiles with his lips alone. It is not a smile; but a grin  ; something to do with humor, but little to do with happiness.  Sir Henry Stewart was a lawyer. He was certainly successful. It is twenty years ago since he came down to our village from London. I remembered some ten years ago when he was made a King's Counsel  , Amos and I, seeing him get off the London train, went to congratulate him. We grinned with pleasure; he merely looked as miserable as though he'd received a penal   sentence. It was the same when he was knighted. He never smiled a bit. He took his success as a child does his medicine.  I asked him one day what it was like to achieve all one's ambitions. He looked down at his roses and went on watering them. Then he said \"The only value in achieving one's ambition is that you then realize that they are not worth achieving.\" I recall this incident, for yesterday, I was passing his house, and had drawn up my cart just outside his garden wall. I had pulled in from the road for no other reason than to let a bus pass me. As I sat there filling my pipe, I suddenly heard a shout of joy come from the other side of the wall. I peered over. There stood Sir Henry doing nothing less than a tribal war dance of unashamed ecstasy  . When he saw me staring over the wall, he shouted, \"Come and see. Look! I have done it at last! I have done it at last!\" There he was, holding a small box of earth in his hand. I observed three tiny shoots out of it. \"And there were only three!\" he said, his eyes laughing to heaven. \"Three what?\" I asked. \"Peach stones\", he replied. \"I've always wanted to make peach stones grow, even since I was a child, when I used to take them home after a party, or as a man after a banquet. And I used to plant them, and then forgot where I planted them. But now at last I have done it, and, what's more, I had only three stones, and there you are, one, two, three shoots,\" he counted. And Sir Henry ran off, calling for his wife to come and see his achievement. \n Answer: To watch Sir Henry water roses.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer stop his cart outside Sir Henry's garden wall?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5642c23b244743e386b6b17d6b3587ce",
            "input": "Article: It is growing dark as Daniel and I walk along the path. \"I would be afraid to be out at this time in London,\" he says. \"I would be frightened of being attacked.\" I am spending the day with 16-year-old Daniel and six other pupils from Burlington Danes School on a farm in Bath. Most of them have never been in the countryside, and have spent the past week feeding cows and going for long winter walks. They are here on Jamie's Farm. Started by Feilden, it aims to give inner-city children the experience of rural life. The children, many of whom have been in gangs  or in trouble with the police, stay for a week in the Feildens' family home. According to Feilden, not a single item has been lost, stolen or broken in the farm. As his mother says, \"I think the beauty here helps them.\" Or as 16-year-old Daniel says, \"I like to be here. It smells all fresh.\" The pupils rise early to feed the cows, ping, chickens and horses, before eating a cooked breakfast. Following this comes more farm work, lunch, more work, a long walk, supper and finally bed. They love it. \"It is great not having a phone,\" explains one. \"I focus so much better.\" Many speak of how the diet has changed their mood and others of how much they like feeding the animals. The idea for the farm came when Feilden was working as a teacher in a \"challenging\" Croydon school. Most of the pupils had never been beyond the town, let alone into the countryside. Feilden felt farming could help. \"It gave the pupils something to do besides fighting.\" It is, of course, not a  _ -- a troubled child will still be a troubled child -- but Feilden says it still worthwhile. \"If all we achieve is to show them the beauty of the countryside, then I think we've achieved a lot.\" \n Answer: To give children the chance to experience rural life",
            "output": [
                "Why does Feilden start Jamie's Farm?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c8eb5b39b1924b6b803cdd71b104bea2",
            "input": "Article: Today, we complete our story about the influential English writer William Shakespeare. He wrote plays and poems during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, which remain very popular today. During earlier times, people would probably have learned several ancient Roman and Greek plays. It was not unusual for writers to produce more current versions of these works. For example, in Shakespeare's play \"The Comedy of Errors\"(<<>> )Shakespeare borrowed certain details from the ancient Roman writer Plautus. For his play \"Macbeth\"(<<>> ), Shakespeare most likely used a work on Scottish history by Raphael Holinshed for information. Shakespeare might have borrowed from other writers, but the intensity of his imagination and language made the plays his own. While many plays by other writers of his time have been forgotten, Shakespeare and his art live on. Shakespeare was also influenced by the world around him. He described the sights and sounds of London in his plays. His works include observations about political struggles, the fear of diseases, and the popular language of the city's tradesmen. Shakespeare's knowledge of the English countryside is also clear. His works include descriptions of deep forests, local flowers, and the ancient popular traditions of rural people. It would be impossible to list all of the ways in which Shakespeare's works have influenced the world culture. But the first and greatest example would be his great influence on the English language. During his time, the English language was changing. Many new words from other languages were being added. Shakespeare used his sharp mind and poetic inventiveness to create hundreds of new words and rework old ones. For example, he created the noun forms of \"critic\", \"mountaineer\" and \"eyeball\". Many common expressions in English come from his plays, including \"pomp and circumstance \"from \"Othello\"(<<>> ), \"full circle \" from \"King Lear\"(<<>> ), etc. The list of cultural creations influenced by Shakespeare is almost endless. From paintings to television to music and dance, Shakespeare was well represented. Shakespeare's plays have been translated into every major language in the world. Shakespeare became a well-known writer during a golden age of theater. His years of hard work paid off. \n Answer: Many of Shakespeare's works were influenced by earlier writings.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2108e6dc7de4218a662ad93ed62e4b1",
            "input": "Article: As is often the case, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of current answers. That question is \"What's your name?\" Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct. Have you ever thought about people's names? Where do they come from? What do they mean? People's first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones. Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means \"bright\"; Beatrice means \"one who gives happiness\"; Donald means \"world ruler\"; Leonard means \"as brave as a lion\". The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook ; someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest. Other early surnames came from people's occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter -- a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter -- a person who made pots and pans. The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter's great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture. Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer. Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name. English-speaking people added -s or -son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnell's and the McDonnell's and the O'Donnell's are _ of the same Donnell. \n Answer: People's characters.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8a22103a2b484b96a25c26a25ffc5a9a",
            "input": "Article: Your dog is as smart as any two year old, according to a new study. Dogs bring much happiness to their owners, and even improve human health. Most two year olds keep us busy in life -- an important part of living a long and happy life. According to Stanley Coren, Ph.D.of the University of British Columbia, our dogs are smarter than we thought. Dr.Coren reviewed many studies to find out that dogs are as smart as 2 to 2.5 year olds. Forget about one word orders -- according to Coren, the smartest dogs can learn up to 250 words. Most dogs understand an average of 165 words. \"The upper limit of dogs\" ability to learn language is partly based on a study of a Border Collie   named Rico who showed knowledge of 200 spoken words, and 'fast-track learning', which scientists believed to be found only in humans and language-learning apes .  Dogs are also great at tricking. During play, they have the ability to trick humans and other dogs in order to get treats. \"And they are nearly as successful in tricking humans as humans are in tricking dogs, saysCoren. Dogs can also count to four or five, which might explain how they know when their toys are missing. Coren explains,\"Their astonishing flashes of smartness and creativity are reminders that they may not be Ensteins, but are sure closer to humans than we thought.\" Animals can do much to keep us happy, health, and protect us from harm. Stories of dog heroes can be found using a simple Internet search. Pets teach us sense of duty, keep us from loneliness, and can help with treatment of the disabled. Dogs are smarter than we thought -- as smart as a two year old. \n Answer: By keeping humans busy.",
            "output": [
                "How do dogs bring happiness and health to humans according to the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2e0dd0aff05c4feeaf31a38a9e3ad4be",
            "input": "Article: Australia said on Friday that it had done enough to prevent the UN from listing the Great Barrier Reef ,the world's biggest coral reef ecosystem ,as being'in danger'* The Great Barrier Reef covers an area of 348,000 square kilometers off Australia's east coast and ontains some 2,500 smalll reefs.Its width ranges between 60 and 250 kilometers.It is a collection of ore than 2 , 900 coral reefs,600 continental islands,and thousands of sea species ,making it one of the world's most complex and varied ecosystems. It was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1981 .But in 2011 UNESCO declared\"extreme concern\"at the approval of natural gas processing and port facilities within the site and afterwards warned the reef could be considered\"in danger\".Worried about planned coastal developments,including ports,UNESCO is set to announce overnight a draft decision on the site,which is rich in sea life. \"They can see we are doing real work to improve the reef,\"Environment Minister Greg Hunt told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.\"I firmly believe that we're making once in a century changes to ensure that a century from now,the reef won't just be as it is,but will be better and stronger than it has been since European settlement.\" Australia has recently ordered a ban on the century-old practice of emptying dredge waste which environmentalists smakes corals and seagrasses die because of lack of airacross most of the reef,and funded efforts to improve water quality. Queensland State,the gateway to the reef,has also promised to introduce laws to limit port develop ment as it balances environmental concerns with the needs of the resources industry \n Answer: .Australia has done too much to protect the Reef .",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from Greg Hunt's words?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1fe46e5b49094d51a7f30b3ef2e9b2ee",
            "input": "Article: With a PS4 million ITV contract  in her pocket and an engagement   to her England footballer boyfriend, it's been a good year for Christine Bleakley.Perhaps it's no wonder, as the TV presenter is 31, the age at which women are the most attractive, according to a survey. While the average British woman of 31 may be married with a child, the survey noted they are at a wonderful age because they have not only youthful beauty but also more confidence and a better sense of style than flesh-faced teenagers. Some 70 percent of more than 2,000 men and women surveyed considered confidence as a key factor in making a woman attractive, ahead of the 67 percent who included physical beauty and 47 percent who looked for a sense of style.Almost two thirds of the women agreed with the opinion \"With age, comes beauty\", and over half said that as they age they do away with their insecurities and feel more beautiful, while 55 percent felt they knew the best make-up to wear. Self-confidence varied widely across the country in the survey: London women emerged as the most confident about their looks, with 37 percent describing themselves as beautiful, compared with just 28 percent of Welsh women.Meanwhile, East Midlands women spend the most on beauty programs --PS129.69 monthly--compared with a national average of PS105.50. The research was carried on for TV shopping channel QVC to mark the launch of its \"Beauty Month\".QVC marketing director Sue Leeson said: \"This research shows what many have always suspected -- real beauty is about more than just good looks but a combination of confidence, style and personality, too.\" \n Answer: Being famous and independent.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following doesn't have much to do with a woman's beauty?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6971ae1b8fde443c97189dea441eafe7",
            "input": "Article: A few years ago, in one experiment in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects for their willingness to obey instructions given by a \"leader\" in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal dislike of the actions they were called upon to perform. Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer \"teacher-subject\" that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils' ability to learn. The teacher-subjects were placed before a panel of thirty switches with labels ranging from \"15 volts of electricity (slight shock)\" to \"450 volts (danger -- severe shock)\" in steps of 15 volts each. The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered. The supposed \"pupil\" was in reality an actor hired by Milgram to pretend to receive the shocks by giving out cries and screams. Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for. As the experiment unfolded, the \"pupil\" would deliberately give the wrong answers to questions, thereby bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond. Many of the teacher-subjects _ administering the higher levels of punishment, and turned to Milgram. In these situations, Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to carry on with the experiment and that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end. What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion  against the rules and conditions of the experiment. Before carrying out the experiment, Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts. The overwhelming consensus was that basically all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter. The psychiatrists felt that \"most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts\" and only a small percentage of about one in 1,000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts. What were the actual results? Well, over 60 per cent of the teacher-subjects continued to obey Milgram up to the 450-volt limit! In repetitions of the experiment in other countries, the percentage was even higher, reaching 85 per cent in one country. How can we possibly account for this result? One might firstly argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct  that was activated by the experiment. A modem sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct was of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the caves, finally finding its way into our genetic make-up. Another explanation is to see the teacher-subjects' actions as a result of the social context in which the experiment was carried out. As Milgram himself pointed out, \"Most subjects in the experiment see their behaviour in a larger context that is good and useful to society -- the pursuit of scientific troth. The psychological laboratory has a strong claim to legitimacy  and gains trust and confidence in those who perform there. An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation  appears evil, acquires a completely different meaning when placed in this setting\". Here we have two different explanations. The problem for us is to sort out which of these two polar explanations is more reasonable. This is the problem of modern sociobiology -- to discover how hard-wired genetic programming decides the interaction of animals and humans with their environment, that is, their behaviour. Put another way, sociobiology is concerned with explaining the biological basis of all behaviour. \n Answer: To explore the biological basis of social behavior.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Milgram do the experiment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-48c6a5707ef24b4e97371021d6d711bd",
            "input": "Article: A study involving 8,500 teenagers from all social backgrounds found that most of them are ignorant when it comes to money. The findings, the first in a series of reports from NatWesl that has started a five-year research project into teenagers and money, are particularly worrying as this generation of young people is likely to be burdened with greater debts than any before. Universitytuition fees  are currently capped at PS3,000 annually, but this will be reviewed next year and the Government is under enormous pressure to _  In the research, the teenagers were presented with die terms of four different loans but 76 per cent failed to identify the cheapest. The young people also predicted that they would be earning on average PS 31.000 by the age of 25, although the average salary for those aged 22 to 29 is just PS 17,815. The teenagers expected to be in debt when they finished university or training, although half said that they assumed the debts would be less than PS 10.000. Average debts for graduates are PS 12,363. Stephen Moir, head of community investment at the Royal Bank of Scotland Group which owns NatWest, said. \"The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.\" Ministers are deeply concerned about the financial pressures on teenagers and young people because of student loans and rising housing costs. They have just introduced new lessons in how to manage debts. Nikki Fairweather aged 15 from St Helens, said that she had benefited from lessons on personal finance, but admitted that she still had a lot to learn about money. \n Answer: The students' payback ability has become a major issue.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be found from the five-year research project?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ce0aec29d69642df9630be57dfc926ea",
            "input": "Article: \"How was school, Ben?\" I asked my grandson after he began kindergarten  this year. \"The work is too long... and there's not enough time to play,\" he replied. I couldn't help but remember Ben's own mother, my daughter, Jane, and her reaction  to the first day of school. Julie was also disappointed with the first day of school and so was her little sister. My three-year-old daughter announced angrily after her big sister got on the big yellow school bus, \"I want to go 'sool' and you not let me!\" When Julie returned home that afternoon, I asked her the same question that I asked Ben, \"How was school, Julie?\" Julie replied, \"I didn't learn to read today.\" This year as the school bus passed my house, my mind went back to those school days again. I could almost smell the chalk dust in the air. I also wonder what the children these days manage to get chosen to do in order to get out of school for a few moments since there are no erasers to clean. It was fun to be \"chosen\" for eraser cleaning duty. This was a task finished by going outside and beating erasers together while sneezing and coughing. No wonder so many babies now have allergies , and it's simply because we all have chalk dust in our lungs! On the first day of school, the expectation was so great that I would be ready long before it was time to leave for school. We didn't have backpacks because we had cigar boxes. We carried our small supplies inside a cigar box from one of the local stores. We saved the cigar boxes and used them from year to year until they fell apart. The first day of school was exciting. It was a new beginning. The doors of knowledge had been opened. The first day of school is an event in our lives that most of us remember. It's a big step for a small child toward leaving babyhood and so \"there isn't enough time to play\". \n Answer: Because she was not allowed to go to school.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jane become angry according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dd73612e64ae4fd8b01601172b82d4f5",
            "input": "Article: The medical term for a broken bone is a fracture.But there are different kinds of fractures.A single fracture is when a bone is broken in just one place.You may have heard the term hairline fracture.This is a single fracture that is very small,like the width of a hair.A complete fracture is when the bone comes apart.When a bone is broken in more than two places or gets crushed.the name for it is a comminuted fracture.Still another condition is called a bowing fracture.This happens with a bone that bends but does not break.It happens mostly in children.Ever heard of a greenstick fracture? This is when a bone is bent and breaks along only one side,like a young stick of wood.Another kind of break is an open or compound fracture.This is when the bone breaks the skin. This is very serious.Along with the bone damage there is a risk of infection in the open wound. A lot of things happen as the body reacts to all injury like a broken bone.You might suddenly feel lightheaded.You might also feel sick to your stomach.People who are seriously injured can go into shock.They might feel cold,dizzy and unable to think clearly.Shock requires immediate medical attention.But while broken bones can be painful,they are generally not life-threatening. Still,broken bones should be treated quickly because they can restrict blood flow or cause nerve damage.Also,the break will start to repair itself, so you want to make sure the bone is lined up correctly. X-rays are taken to see the break.Treatment depends on the kind of fracture that is identified. A doctor sets a broken bone to make sure it is in the correct position.Severe breaks may require an operation to hold the bone together with metal plates and screws.Then,a hard  _ may be put around the area of the break to hold the bone in place while it heals.Casts are usually worn for one to two months.In some cases,instead of a cast,a splint made of plastic or metal will be secured over the area to restrict movement. \n Answer: Seven.",
            "output": [
                "How many kinds of fractures are mentioned in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-382aabf595cb4274952a34be801979a8",
            "input": "Article: No matter what type of business you run, it has to deal with situations in which things go wrong from your customer's point of view. Complaints can be a great source of information for the organizations. So it's important to learn to deal with customer complaints efficiently. Firstly, listen actively to what the customer has to say by keeping comfortable eye contact and giving full attention with no interrupting. You should also show your customer that you do understand him. Secondly, when receiving a complaint you should apologize for the failure the customer has identified. It's important for you to know that your apology must appear _ to the customer, and not an empty exercise. And also you should show the customer you've accepted the responsibility and provide him with choices if you have some in hand or otherwise assure the customer you'll do something about his complaint. Thirdly, talk with the consumer and discover the best means to resolve his problem. There will be times when, after gathering the facts of a situation, you'll be unable to resolve the problem immediately. In this case it's important to let your customer know how long it'll take to take action on his complaint. Fourthly, a simple \"Thank you\" is one way to let the customer know you appreciate the time and effort he has taken to inform you about a problem with your company's service or product you need to know about. Lastly, give your customer something that shows your appreciation for him giving the feedback to you. And let him know you're sorry for the mistake that was made. It isn't necessary to give something that is costly; but a coupon  for a free drink or movie is fine. Your professional and well-organized method of dealing with your customer complaints is one more way that will make you stay ahead of your competitors. \n Answer: Several factors resulting in customer complaints.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c387a69d1e6f4c72858950b6c59ae867",
            "input": "Article: The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet   is heading towards the Earth . Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth. On 17 July , a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth's atmosphere   with a massive explosion . About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed. Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole. The wall of water, a kilometer high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. Before the waves reach South America, the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina. Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains. The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes. Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north won't escape for long. Because of the explosions, the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero .Crops are ruined. The sun won't be seen again for many years. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later, no more than 10 million people remain alive. Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldn't live through the cold climate that followed and they died out. Will we meet the same and? \n Answer: An event of imagination",
            "output": [
                "What is mainly described in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-38ee5e031792436698cb9a3a651c1b62",
            "input": "Article: Second Life is a 3D online world in which computer users can create a new life and live a different life. Second Life is one of the most popular new online games.  But unlike other games, Second Life is not about winning or losing. Second Life is technically a computer game. But people involved in it do not consider it a game because the players create everything. Second Life is more for socializing and creating communities.  Users of Second Life are called residents( ). To take part, they must create an avatar, or an electronic image of themselves. Some avatars look like humans, while others look like animals or imaginary creatures.  Inside the Second Life world, residents live in different versions of themselves. They build homes, run businesses, buy and sell things, work, play, and attend schools. They even have relationships and get married.  Second Life was created in 2003 by Linden Lab in San Francisco, California. Linden Lab controls the website where the ever-changing world is being created. There are now about one million people around the world who are active to Second Life. The number has grown quickly since the beginning of the year when there were about one hundred thousand users. The average age of people involved with Second Life is about thirty. However, Linden Lab has recently created Teen Second Life for young users. Second Life has its own economy and its own money, called Linden dollars.  Millions of dollars are made and spent each month in Second Life. Users can enter Second Life for free. But they must pay for a membership if they want to own land or buy and sell goods and services.  Recently, several major companies have become involved with Second Life. They want to be part of the growing business world that exists within the made-up reality. \n Answer: It's simply a popular game to kill time.",
            "output": [
                "What's special about the game \"Second Life\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11a144a6e4f7455386d704bfb5dddc0b",
            "input": "Article: Did you know that vegetables can grow in the climates they are not used to? Cool climate vegetables like asparagus   are now able to be grown in places as hot as Hawaii. In Hawaii, marine  engineers have been able to actually let you believe such vegetables that they are living in cooler climates. In that way they grow faster and taste better. What these engineers have been using is very simply cold sea water. How did they use it? They place pipes in the soil and cold water flowing through them cools the earth. This causes plant growth and enables gardeners in tropical climates   to grow crops from cooler climates. Also some of these pipes are exposed to the air and they make the air \"wet\" and thus water the gardens. What especially makes people happy about this process   is that nothing to the natural conditions is being used. Another new use for cold ocean water is to cool buildings. Engineers believe that for example the entire west coast of the prefix = st1 /United Statescould be air-conditioned using seawater. \n Answer: Cool the soil.",
            "output": [
                "What does the new system enable the gardeners to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e0ce7db6ad8407d908bbf98b0d86105",
            "input": "Article: When he wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain turned to Hannibal. The relationship between Hannibal and Twain began in November 1839, when Twain's father decided to leave the village in Florida and move east about 35 miles to the somewhat larger and more prosperous Hannibal, on the banks of the Mississippi River. Twain marked his fourth birthday about a week after the family settled there. He showed little promise of becoming a long-term resident. However, because his health was so poor that his parents probably feared he would not survive childhood. During the family's first few years in Hannibal, Twain was too young to understand fully the changes going on around him. About the time the family moved into their new home. Twain's health improved a lot. Instead of having to lead a quiet indoor life, he could roam the streets of Hannibal. Climb the surrounding hills, explore the area's caves and splash about in local swimming holes. He reveled in his newfound freedom, spending nearly all his free time playing outdoors with the other boys in town and soon becoming a leader. Twain's carefree days did not last long, on March 24, 1847, his father died. For the next six years, his brother Henry, and his sister Pamela lived with their mother in the family home. Twain began taking odd jobs after school to bring in extra money. Within a year of his father's death, he quit school and became an apprentice   printer, and when his brother Orion bought the Hannibal Journal in 1851, Twain went to work for him as a printer and editorial assistant. The stories he wrote for Orion's paper, his first publications, taught him that he much preferred writing to typesetting. Thus, when he decided to leave Hannibal in May 1853, he already had an idea of his future career. \n Answer: Because his father brought him there.",
            "output": [
                "Why did little Mark Twain move and live in Hannibal?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a55f896c486948cd8e3d9415c686eb17",
            "input": "Article: One day,Jack's parents told him that his grandpa would retire after working for forty years.Jack said in surprise, \"I'm only seven, so it means Grandpa has been... er ... A really long time!\" His parents said, \"Yes. That's why we are going to have a surprising party for him. \" Jack loved his grandpa and wanted to do something special for him. He remembered the business card his grandpa had given him two years before. He knew that his grandpa would no longer have the position  on that card, so he decided to build a new one for his grandpa. When the big day came, Jack was ready. But he didn't want to put his gift together with others'. He carried it around with him the whole evening. When all the other people left, he took his grandpa's hand and brought him over to a chair and gave him the gift. His grandpa smiled, \"Well, it must be a beautiful gift. May I open it now?\" \"Sure!\" Jack said excitedly. As Grandpa opened the gift, tears came into his eyes. Jack gave him the greatest gift he had ever got! They were business cards with new position: FULL-TIME GRANDPA! Jack said, \"Now your full-time job is my grandpa!\" Well, how much do I get paid?\" his grandpa asked, smiling. \"As many hugs as you want!\" With these  words, Jack gave Grandpa a hug. \" Well, I guess that means I'm the richest man in the world! \" said Grandpa. \n Answer: Jack's grandpa.",
            "output": [
                "Who was going to retire?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3d8c1d4a36c14ef29d1a63ad4bcd9d1a",
            "input": "Article: Breathe, wave and smile. Along with more than 300 other seniors, I marched into the stadium on the afternoon of May 10. The audience burst into deafening cheers. The huge stadium shook with all the whistling and clapping. It was as if a Hollywood superstar had walked on stage. And indeed, every single senior that day was a star of the moment. Each deserved it. The seniors had been preparing for four years for this once-in-a-lifetime moment--the commencement . Seated, I waited anxiously for the opening address. As a foreign exchange student, I was not able to receive a diploma. However, I still had the wonderful feeling of being part of things. Like the other graduates, I was dressed in marron cap and gown . Our principal, Mr. Glover, delivered a short, warm greeting. The US national anthem followed and then, hands on chests, a solemn Pledge of Allegiance . Students who had excelled academically gave farewell speeches. The tears in some eyes convinced me that many had deep feelings about the occasion. It was as the class motto says, \"Life brings us tears, smiles and memories. The tears dry; the smiles fade; but the memories last forever.\" Then came the core   of the commencement. Hundreds of names were announced. Each graduate walked across the stage to receive his or her diploma from the principal. From the different cheers each graduate got, we had the funny sense that it was a kind of competition of who could cheer the loudest. To be honest, the presentation of diplomas got boring. A girl sitting next to me even started yawning. But it wasn't boring for those receiving the diploma: they would treasure the moment the principal placed the sacred brown document in their hands for the rest of their lives. A new page in the book of that person's life had turned. They were glimpsing their futures: futures of challenge, hardship, perhaps loneliness too, which would take all of their courage. \n Answer: An American high school's graduation ceremony",
            "output": [
                "What's the article mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-596775f8cd1749a782127cc187f1c59f",
            "input": "Article: Studies have shown that the fewer medicines a person has to take the more likely he or she will take them. Last week, a study was released about a new treatment that combines 5 medicines for heart disease in one pill. Salim Yusuf of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada was the lead investigator. He presented the findings at the American College of Cardiology Conference in Orlando, Florida. The experimental drug is known as Polycap. It contains aspirin, a drug to lower cholesterol  and three medicines to lower blood pressure. The study was carried out at 50 health centers across India. More than two thousand people between the ages of 45 and 80 took part in the study. All had at least one risk factor for heart disease. These include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or being severely overweight. The people were divided into 9 groups of about 200 people each. One group took Polycap. The other groups took either a single drug or different combinations of the medicines in the Polycap pill. The study showed that Polycap lowered blood pressure and cholesterol without many side effects. Doctor Yusuf said the single pill, taken once a day, could reduce the average person's risk of heart disease and stroke by about half. The maker of Polycap, Cadila Pharmaceuticals of India, paid for the study. Cardiovascular diseases  of the heart and blood vessels are the number one cause of death around the world. These diseases kill more than seventeen million people every year. 80 percent of them are in low and middle income countries. Doctor Yusuf said the single pill treatment could revolutionize heart disease prevention. People would be more likely to take one pill a day than many pills. And one pill would cost less than several pills. Other heart doctors say heart disease prevention is important but not necessarily with pills. They say patients might be able to get the same results with changes in diet and exercise. Doctors say that more research on Polycap is needed. They say the drug should be tested on thousands more people, including those in different risk, age and ethnic groups. \n Answer: Polycap was proved basically safe and effective.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about Doctor Ysisuf's experiment on Polycap in India is True?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2238f629a52b4f3bae55c2d235352550",
            "input": "Article: Retail therapy has long been considered as a good way to let off stress. Now, US scientists have discovered not only does retail therapy exist,but that it could be caused by an individual's fear of sudden death. Researchers found materialistic people thought terrorism and war more stressful than others. Psychologists believe the rise of materialism around the world and its treatment effect on extreme stress might be a response to fear of death caused by acts of terrorism, disease and natural disasters. The scientists from Michigan State University said people with possession obsessions often have lower self-esteem than others so are more likely to shop as the result of severe psychological suffering. Ayalla Ruvio,a business professor studying people's shopping habits while rockets fell in Israel, said, \"When the going gets tough, the materialistic people go shopping. This stress spending is likely to produce even greater stress and lower well-being. Essentially, materialism appears to make bad events even worse. Dr Ruvio led a two-part study of Israeli citizens living in a town that came under extreme rocket attacks for about six months in 2007. She compared 139 residents of the southern town with 170 from another town that was not under attack to see how their symptoms of post-traumatic stress and shopping habits varied. Dr Ruvio found that, when faced with a deadly threat, those who are highly materialistic suffered much higher levels of stress,while their tendency to shop was increased. Dr Ruvio said, \"The relationship between materialism and stress may be more harmful than commonly thought.\" The second stage of their research surveyed 855 Americans about their materialistic nature and fear of death. They found shopping was used to relieve feelings of stress and anxiety about death but this was in response to fear of a variety of life-threatening events like car accidents, criminal attacks and natural disasters. \n Answer: The scientists think people with possession obsessions suffer a lot mentally.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following opinion is NOT right according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5edb18c89b72455186a6f8fa855b62ee",
            "input": "Article: For anyone still doubting the belief that our emotions influence our physical health, a new study from New Zealand should be able to settle the matter. It reports that the physical wounds of healthy seniors healed more quickly if they wrote about their most upsetting experiences. This confirms the results of a 2010 study, and extends those findings to cover older adults--a group that is likely to suffer wounds (as from surgery), and one with less access to other ways of lowering tension (such as exercise). Reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, a research team led by the University of Auckland's Elizabeth Broadbent made a study featuring 50 healthy adults ranging in age from 64 to 97. They were asked to write for 20 minutes per day for three consecutive  days. Half were asked to write about the most upsetting experience in their life, describing their deepest thoughts, feelings, and emotions about the events, ideally not previously shared with others. The others were asked to write about their daily activities without mentioning emotions, opinions or beliefs. Two weeks after the third day of writing, all participants received a standard 4mm skin biopsy  on their inner arm. The very tiny wounds caused by the biopsy were photographed regularly over the following days to determine the rate at which they healed. On the 11th day after the biopsy, the wounds completely healed on 76.2 percent of those who had done the expressive writing. That was true of only 42.1 percent of those who had written about everyday activities. \"The biological and psychological mechanisms  behind this effect remain unclear,\" the researchers wrote, noting that those who had done the expressive writing did not report lower stress levels or fewer depressive symptoms than the others in the control group. Even if they weren't consciously aware of feeling more relaxed or positive, the expressive writing appeared to have caused some sort of bodily reaction--probably involving their immune systems--that _ their recovery. \n Answer: What they wrote.",
            "output": [
                "What was the difference between the two groups of participants in the study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6ee6e9a2580e44348d62e43307518571",
            "input": "Article: \"When I look back on my childhood I wonder how I survived at all. It was, of course, a miserable childhood. The happy childhood is hardly worth your while. \"Worse than the ordinary miserable childhood is the miserable Irish childhood. And worse yet is the miserable Irish Catholic childhood.\" That was Frank McCourt reading the opening lines of his book Angela's Ashes, released in nineteen ninety-six. This Irish American author best known for the Pulitzer Prize-winning autobiography Angela's Ashes that recorded his poor upbringing, died of cancer on Sunday, The New York Times reported. He was 78. Born in New York City, he was the eldest of seven children born to Irish immigrant parents. Angela's Ashes was a memoir that captured an irresponsible, drunkard father with a gift for story-telling. When not drunk, his father was absent, turning his back on a family so poor, McCourt wrote, that they were reduced to burning the furniture in their rented hut to keep warm. His mother struggled to raise her many children after his father left the family. Already struggling when the Great Depression hit, the family moved back to Limerick, where they slipped ever deeper into poverty in the  1930s. Three of McCourt's siblings died of diseases worsened by hunger and the wretchedness of their surroundings. McCourt himself almost died of typhoid  fever as  a child. In Angela's Ashes, he wrote of hunger, a home flooded with rainwater and the unbearable humiliation of seeking handouts from charities in the Irish city. But he told the story in a way that is expressive, warm and light-hearted. Frank McCourt left Ireland at the age of nineteen to return to New York City where he was born. He earned a degree in- English education and taught creative writing for nearly thirty years. After retiring in nineteen eighty-seven, he decided to write about his childhood. \"Angela's Ashes\" became a huge success and brought McCourt a 1997 Pulitzer Prize, the National Book Critics Circle Award and other honors. Millions of copies of the book were sold worldwide and it was adapted into a 1999 movie starring Emily Watson and Robert Carlyle. \n Answer: A brief introduction to Frank McCourt and one of his works.",
            "output": [
                "What's the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b747620c2f4f4f078194a9ada4419baa",
            "input": "Article: One day a rabbit ran into an elephant. \"Hello,\" said the rabbit. \"Fine day, isn't it?\" The elephant stopped to look down at the tiny  creature and shouted. \"Leave me alone. I don't have the time to waste on someone so small.\" The rabbit was shocked by the elephant's words. Then he decided to ask the whale  what she thought about the elephant's rudeness. But the whale laughed at this tiny animal. The rabbit said, \"You think that I am weak, but in fact, I am strong! I can beat you at Tug-of-War  .\"The whale looked at him for a moment before bursting into laughter. \"Very well, little one. Go and get a rope,\" she said.The rabbit ran off to find a strong and thick rope. Then he went to the elephant, \"Elephant, I will beat you at a game of Tug-of-War.\" The elephant laughed loudly, but agreed to challenge the tiny animal. He tied the rope around his huge waist. The rabbit took the other end and ran away. He called back to the elephant, \"When I say 'pull', you start pulling. \"The rabbit took the other end of the rope to the whale, \"Tie this to your tail and when I say 'pull',you swim.\" The whale tied the rope to her tail after laughing at the rabbit's foolishness. Then the rabbit called out \"PULL!\" The elephant and the whale began pulling. After a while, they were too tired to continue. The elephant and the whale never knew how such a tiny creature could beat them. But from that day on, they said \"hello\" to the little rabbit with great respect whenever they met. \n Answer: He wanted to prove he wasn't the tiniest animal.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the rabbit want a game of Tug-of-War?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eb8267eb898c46c8a3dcad9554e730bb",
            "input": "Article: Dear friends, ladies and gentlemen, It's my honor to attend this conference. I hope to tell you, with my own experience, how I benefit from the rapidly developing information technology. I injured my neck and became disabled in a diving accident in May 1997. I was desperate then and even thought of killing myself. During that time, however, I met Ms. Yatani, a Japanese specialist, who was carrying out a teaching task there. She encouraged me and gave me an English copy of JONI before she returned to Japan. The book is the autobiography  of Ms. Joni Earckson. Her experience was similar to mine. She injured her neck and became disabled in a diving accident in 1967. With a strong will, she tried very hard. Finally, she became a famous artist. From her story I found enlightenment  and felt hopeful.    My doctor, Dr. Guan, saw me reading the book. He suggested that I translate it into Chinese in order to benefit more disabled people in China. I agreed, and in one and a half months the translation was finished. Then I contacted Joni through the Internet for the copyright. It was then that I saw how useful modern information technology can be. Highly developed information technology brings me hope and makes my dreams come true. I am really lucky to live in the Age of Information. I could not imagine what my life would be like without it. It makes my life color1ful and more meaningful. I would like to give special thanks to Dr. Guan, and thanks to all of my friends who love and care for me. It is their love and efforts that helped to make my dreams come true. I hope to send my love and thanks to everyone in the world through the Internet. Thanks again! \n Answer: How the speaker got over the injury.",
            "output": [
                "What is the speech mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe808e0ebece403fb3f8e9c30e51f65c",
            "input": "Article: The King of Rock and Roll, Elvis Aron Presley was born on 8 January 1935 in Tupelo. His talent in singing did not come up as a surprise, as he had a good voice right from his childhood. When Elvis was ten years old, he participated in a Talent Contest at Mississippi-Alabama Fair and Dairy Show and won a prize for the song he sang.  When Elvis was 13 years old, his family moved to Tennessee. To support himself and his father, Elvis took on a job as a truck driver. A disc containing two ballads   that Elvis had recorded for his mother as a birthday gift was first heard by Sun Studio's president Sam Phillips. After listening to Elvis, Sam made Elvis an offer and that was the birth of a new singing sensation ; a new superstar was born. In 1954 his first record was released from Sun Studio. In 1955, Elvis singed a $35,000 recording contract with RCA Victor (through Thomas Parker), who promised to help in projecting Elvis Presley (a Local Star) as a National Level Star. As promised, Elvis was shown in newspapers, television appearances, photographs where he was claimed to be the next superstar of the music world. In 1956, his first performance with \"Heartbreak Hotel\" on The Milton Berle Show successfully put Elvis on the top list of the superstars and the nationwide \"Elvis Craze\" was started. Elvis became the prince who ruled hearts of his millions of fans. In 1960, he quit performing in concerts and concentrated in making movies. As his first movie Love Me Tender was a big hit, he had no problem in marking his comeback in movies. After making several very successful and hit movies, Elvis returned to the world of music. In 1968, Elvis once again started working with his old band and gave some more smashing   hits to the world. In 1972, he released his last top-ten single Burning Love.  It's nearly impossible to measure the level of popularity he had reached in his career. Elvis Presley had more than 100 records on the billboard charts and out of which, about 18 records were on number one position on the charts. During his lifetime, he worked in about 31 movies; all of them were huge success. \n Answer: An introduction to Elvis' life and his achievements.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-779174e2609f4a8381aa36944496ce88",
            "input": "Article: If your parents were to surprise you with a present on your birthday, which one would you prefer, a trip to the amusement park or a new pair of shoes? According to Science Daily, about onethird of the people are likely to prefer shoes to a fun trip. These people are called \"materialists\", namely, those who value material goods more than experiences. But which of the two choices makes people happier? Back in 2009, Ryan Howell, a professor at San Francisco State University, found that in the long run, experiences make people happier than possessions. This is because the joy of receiving a new object fades over time as you get used to seeing it every day. Experiences, on the other hand, can continue to bring you joy in the future through happy memories. But materialists should at least be happy when they first buy something, shouldn't they? To figure it out, Howell did another study. He classified a group of adults according to their personality types, ranging from less materialistic to more materialistic. Each person was asked different questions to see how they felt about spending money on material goods versus spending money on experiences. As expected, the more materialistic participants got less happiness from purchases than the less materialistic, because such purchases didn't fit with their personalities and values. But to Howell's surprise, he found that materialists weren't any happier even if they spent money on material items. This is because materialists worry that others may criticize or look down on their choices. \"There are certain value systems that are rejected by society,\" said Howell. \"When we find out someone is materialistic, we think less of them, and that drives their happiness down.\" Another reason is that materialistic people always focus on what they don't have instead of what they have now. This makes them feel less satisfied and grateful. If you happen to be a materialistic person, there's something you can try. \"If materialists make more accurate purchases, rather than trying to impress others, they will be happier,\" Howell said. You should also remember what an ancient Greek philosopher once said, \"Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you have not; remember what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for.\" \n Answer: Material goods bring people less happiness than experiences.",
            "output": [
                "What did Ryan Howell find in his studies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-70168887a8e247579d4cfdf5c93b94f8",
            "input": "Article: Mail was usually carried west on ships that sailed around the bottom of South America and then north to California.That could take several months.   So, in eighteen fifty-seven, D.C.Lawmakers in Congress  in Washington wanted to make it possible to send mail all the way across the United States by land.Congress offered to help any company that would try to deliver mail overland to the West Coast. A man named John Butterfield accepted this offer. He developed plans for a company that would carry the mail--and passengers, too.  Congress gave John Butterfield six hundred thousand dollars to start his company. In return, he had to promise that the mail would travel from Saint Louis, Missouri, to San Francisco, California, in twenty-five days or less.  It was not possible to travel straight through because of the Rocky Mountains and the deep snow that fell in winter. So the stagecoach  would travel south from Saint Louis to El Paso, Texas, then over to southern California, then north to San Francisco. The distance was about four thousand five hundred kilometers. Two hundred of these stations were built, each about thirty-two kilometers apart. The workers were to quickly change the horses or mules whenever a stagecoach reached the station. There could be no delay. Each stagecoach was to travel nearly two hundred kilometers a day. One hundred stagecoaches were built and painted red or dark green. They were the most modern coaches that money could buy. They were designed to hold as many as nine passengers and twelve thousand pieces of mail. The seats inside could be folded down to make beds. Passengers either slept on them or on the bags of mail.  The cost would be one hundred fifty dollars to travel from Saint Louis to San Francisco. If a passenger was not going all the way, the cost was about ten cents a kilometer. The passengers had to buy their own food at the stations. The stagecoach would stop for forty minutes, two times a day.  The company warned passengers about the possible dangers. A poster said: \"You will be traveling through Indian country and the safety of your person cannot by granted by anyone but God.\" \n Answer: The history of the first stagecoaches carrying mail to the American West.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac469d02f0824b109de80db8ffb4bbf9",
            "input": "Article: Movies coming soon The Croods Length of time:1 hour 32 minutes Style: Family, Action Release date : November 22, 2014 Directors: Kirk De Micco, Chris Sanders Starring: Nicolas Cage, Emma Stone, Ryan Reynolds Summary A prehistoric family are forced to flee their cave after it's destroyed by a disaster that threatens to change their lives forever in this animated  film featuring the voices of Nicolas Cage and Emma Stone.As a protective caveman father leads his family out of harm's way, the clan  crosses paths with a clever teen named Guy (voice of Ryan Reynolds), who offers to help them reach a distant land where they will be safe from a terrible disaster that will soon change the entire world. Admission Length of time: 1 hour 47 minutes Style: Comedy Release date: November 22, 2014 Director: Paul Weitz Starring: Tina Fey, Paul Rudd, Nat Wolff Summary Tina Fey and Paul Rudd star in director Paul Weitz's comedy about an honest Princeton admissions officer.The officer meets a teenager who may be her long-lost son while recruiting  students from an alternative high school.Years ago, Portia Nathan(Fey) quietly gave her newborn son up for adoption.Now she's got a great career recruiting students for Princeton university.Then, one day, she receives an unexpected call from her close college classmate _ , who runs an alternative high school that is home to some very gifted students.One such student is Jeremiah(Nat Wolff), who John believes could be the son that Portia gave up for adoption back in her youth.Meanwhile, as Portia puts her career in danger by changing Jeremiah's transcript , an unexpected love story begins to happen. \n Answer: Paul Weitz.",
            "output": [
                "Who is a film director?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2561588672eb49efbdc5c198db8c14ec",
            "input": "Article: Don't be surprised when strangers talk to you in Canada! You will find that many Canadians will smile at you as they pass in the street, or say something to you like \"Hi!\" or \"How's it going?\" Just reply with something similar. In the UK the reply would be \"I'm fine\", but in Canada they say \"I'm good\". In company, when someone is offering you a second helping of food or more wine, if you don't want any more, use the same expression-- \"I'm good\". In this case, it means \"No, thank you. I've had enough\". Most Canadians don't press you to eat more than you want. In restaurant, your plate will be cleared away almost immediately you have finished eating. When you go into a shop or store, the shop assistant asks you how you are or if they can help you, it is their way of being friendly and making conversation with the customers. Canadians eat early and go home early. When you are invited to a Canadian's home, you may be asked to arrive at 5:30 pm or 6 pm. But guests in Europe don't expect to arrive until 7:30 pm or 8 pm. Remember to take off your shoes and leave them inside the door without being asked. It's not a religious custom, but it's practical. In winter, there can be a lot of snow and dirt on your shoes, once you are in the warm house it melts and falls off, making a mess. Canadians tend to have light colored carpets or hardwood floors. If you're invited for dinner, it will be a full sit- down meal. Meat is usually barbecued in the freezing cold of winter. Do take something with you, like a bottle of wine. Arrive on time and don't stay over 10 pm. \n Answer: Canadians usually say \"I'm good\" to answer the greeting of \"How's it going?\"",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-adb24649b67543038b5c042eb46c20e1",
            "input": "Article: George Gershwin was born in New York City in 1898. His parents were Russian Jews who had immigrated to the United States. George and his two brothers and sister had a close, happy family life. George liked playing games on the streets of New York. He liked exploring the city. He did not like school or studying. While exploring the city, George heard jazz and blues music in and out of public drinking places. However, he did not become seriously interested in music until he heard another boy playing the violin in a concert at his school. George began to take piano lessons. His teacher was a fine classical musician. He immediately recognized George's unusual ability. The teacher wrote about him to a friend: \"I have a student who will make his mark in music, if anybody will. The boy is a genius, without doubt. \" George studied classical piano. But his strongest interest continued to be jazz and popular music. At the age of fifteen, he left school and went to work in the music business.  At that time, the New York City street where most music publishers had their offices was called \"Tin Pan Alley.\" The piano players played the songs all day long to interested singers and other performers. George Gershwin was one of the youngest piano players in Tin Pan Alley. Soon, he was considered one of the finest there. He was already writing his own songs. He succeeded in getting one published when he was only eighteen years old. George Gershwin was now a real composer. The rest of his life was an unbroken record of success. He wrote song after song. His ideas were so endless that he was not even troubled when he once lost some music he had been writing. \"There is plenty more where that came from,\" he said. George Gershwin had his first big hit in 1919, when he was twenty-one years old. It was a song called \"Swanee.\" A popular entertainer, Al Jolson, sang the song. \"Swanee\" was made into one of the first musical recordings. George Gershwin was suddenly famous. \n Answer: When he heard the violin at a school concert.",
            "output": [
                "When did George Gershwin take music as an interest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-28b14e105e9146aab82e98b8a7b5de73",
            "input": "Article: Part-time Front Desk Position Kirchoff, Inc. , a book development company, is looking for a part-time front desk office worker. This position is perfect for a person who is cheerful, dependable,and pleasant to work with. Also, you should be able to welcome guests, redirect phone calls, and take messages. More importantly, you can stay cool under pressure. You are expected to work 5:00 -- 6:00 pm weekdays. You need to fill in some forms if you are interested. Forms can be collected at Kirchoff, Inc. 866 United Nations Plaza, # 525 New York,NY 10017 Important Points to Remember When Swimming * Wait at least an hour after meals. * Follow the advice of lifeguards. * Don't dive into unknown waters. Always swim in line with the shore. * Find out at the seaside when and where it is safe to swim. * Don't use floating toys on the water. Wind can easily sweep them out to sea. * Get out of the water if you feel tired or cold. Cold can kill even strong swimmers. Help Telephone: 2125435902 Atlantic City Beach Office Arrive on time.  Introduce yourself in a polite manner. Read company materials while you wait. Have a firm handshake. Listen. Use body language to show interest. Smile and nod to the interviewer. Ask about the next thing you should do. Thank the interviewer. Write a thank-you letter to anyone you have spoken to. For more information, please visit jobweb.com 368 Cooper Square,New York. NY 10008 \n Answer: He can welcome guests and deal with phone calls.",
            "output": [
                "What does a person need most to be fit for the one-hour weekday job?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a7627a700ad94a5c82cdbe3b658240c5",
            "input": "Article: There are several ski hills that can be found locally, and not so locally. Here's a bit of an informal snow report for any visitors to the city who may be unfamiliar with the local options for skiing. Sunshine Village Sunshine is definitely the premier ski hill in the area. Of all the hills in Alberta, Sunshine is the one that has earned international _ . Ticket prices are cheaper this year than they have been in the past. Adults pay $76.5, seniors $61.5, and children only pay $26.5. At present, they have a snow base of 107 cm. The terrain   is a mix of both easy and hard runs. Lake Louise Of all the ski resorts nearby it is the largest with 4,200 acres of ski-able terrain. It has the best balance between easy and difficult runs, and it gets snow of 93 cm right now. Adults pay $75.5, seniors pay $54.5, and children pay $24.5. Lake Louise is a great choice for anyone looking to do some easy access backcountry skiing. Nakiska While it will be opening shortly, Nakiska is popular to the public. Currently, they have a base of 71cm. The terrain at Nakiska is varied, but slants   more towards the easy side. It's the best place for families to go skiing as there is a lot of beginner and kid terrain. Tickets are relatively cheap. Adults pay $64.5, seniors pay $51.5, and children only pay $19.5. Olympic Park O.P. was built for the 1988 Winter Olympics in Canada, and it is a world-class facility   for almost every winter sport. It has facilities not only for skiing, but also for all kinds of other activities. It has a snow base of 102 cm, but it isn't the primary focus. However, with tickets starting at $5 and capping at $39, it is very inexpensive. \n Answer: Its snow is the thickest of the four.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about Sunshine Village?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fa7110b04b3e41beb05dc637c564fc66",
            "input": "Article: The Gloria Barron Prize honors American young people from 8 to l8 who have shown leadership and courage in public service.Each year ten winners each receive$2,000 to support their higher education or their service work. Ellie Wen,18,was volunteering at a community center in Los Angeles.The center was set up to help immigrant families.She happened to meet adults in an EFL(English as a foreign language)class.\"When I saw them struggling hard,I wondered how people in poor countries could learn English,\"Ellie said. So she started a Website,\"Repeat After Us\",where people can listen to English and practice their accents.Volunteers have helped Ellie record more than 6,600 texts,including Abraham Lincoln's\"Gettysburg Address\".  Hard work pays off.There were so many times that Ellie was discouraged,but she stuck to it.The Website crashed early on,and all the recordings were lost.But volunteers worked together vigorously to start over,and the visitors returned to the site. \"Just follow your idea and know that the world is so kind.Even if you do have trouble,people will help you,\"Ellie said. \"I was really excited the first month,when we had 49 visitors,\"she said.Now,more than 480,000 people from a11 over the world have visited the site.\"I get e-mails from China,Egypt,India,and Brazil.\"They say,\"Thank you so much for this resource,we've been waiting for it for so long!\"Ellie loves knowing she is helping so many people. Gloria Barron Prize winners like Ellie are enthusiastic about the work they do.And they encourage others to join in if they see a need.Anybody can be negative,but it needs somebody brave to be positive.Are you the brave one? \n Answer: People can practice their English via Ellie's website.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-922085d3a7dd488d8db51a113109ecad",
            "input": "Article: American farmers are raising five percent more goats for meat these days. Goat meat is high in protein and lower in unhealthy fat than many other meats.Even so,the industry is small compared to chicken,beef and pork. But immigration has brought more of a taste for goat to America from all over the world. Experts from the University of Illinois offer some questions for people to consider if they are thinking about raising goats. First of all,do you understand that there always has to be someone to care for the goats? *How much land do you have available? And how good is it? Poor ground may support two to four goats on half a hectare.Better grassland can support six to eight. If goats and cattle share the land,two goats can be added for each cow. The goats will eat weeds and other plants that cattle do not like. *Do you have buildings for the number of female goats you plan to keep during winter? An open,cold,dry barn is better than a closed,warm barn where the air is wet. *Do you have the equipment to clean barns  and to harvest hay  to feed your goats? Or will you get someone else to do it,or buy the hay? The experts say a profitable business in goat meat may take three to five years to establish.And, of course, there are no guarantees . \n Answer: Culture",
            "output": [
                "On which section of a newspaper will this passage appear?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3cb036f3a0484673bd63d9ea41044756",
            "input": "Article: If You Make a Mistake, Don't Worry!        Yeah, you'll want to forget about them, but mistakes can be useful. Making a mistake doesn't mean it's the end of the world. In real life you have to grow and mature, and with that comes some growing pains. You know you should have studied hard but you went out with some friends instead. You know you should have put the money into the bank for a rainy day instead of spending it on all kinds of things you didn't need.  It's the growing pains called mistakes that most people make when they are growing up. Face them. You are going to make them. Learn from them. All of the people you wish to copy, such as all the experts in your business field, have made mistakes. They'll continue to make mistakes for all their successes.  One of the major differences between people like them and the vast majority of others is that they don't let their mistakes stop them. Instead, they use their mistakes as learning tools.  At the very least, when you make a mistake, you'll know what not to do. And you can help others by warning them of the mistakes you've made. Don't let mistakes stop you from doing anything. Learn from them, don't hide in a closet. Facing up to your mistakes now and later will mature. What mistakes are you making right now? Take a look at anything you might be doing wrong. Take a step back and evaluate your situation, then fix whatever needs to be corrected. Then move forward.  Always remember your mistakes to remind yourself of what not to do for the future. \n Answer: Because next time you know that money shouldn't be wasted.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the writer say mistakes can be useful?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-33d6266564414bc5bd5701df385c9f67",
            "input": "Article: The events of Saturday night in Kunming are deeply engraved in the mind of Xie Qiming, who narrowly escaped death in the terrorist attack at the city's railway station. The 48-year-old policeman intervened to stop the butchering of unarmed civilians, saving many from death and injury, but he was injured in the process. Lying in a hospital bed, his head and nose marked by serious hacking wounds - one more than 20 centimeters long - Xie recounted  his actions on the day he describes as a nightmare. \"I shot at them but fell to the ground during the fighting. After the shots, the terrorists turned their attention to the police and several of them surrounded me and stabbed me like crazy,\" he said. \"There is no humanity in them.\" Xie is from the Beijinglu Police Station, the closest to the attack, and four police officers from the station were the first to respond. He survived because he was wearing a bulletproof vest, which was damaged by the attackers. When the officers arrived, the attackers were running out of the ticket hall, attacking people with long knives. Xie and his colleagues tried to stop the attack, which is when Xie was injured. In addition to the deep cuts, his skull was fractured, and at the time of writing he was awaiting further surgery. \"A wave of fierce anger rose up in my mind, and we all forgot to think about the possible danger to us,\" said Hu Zhe, 23, a police officer trainee at the Beijinglu Police Station. Having no firearm, he fought the terrorists with a wooden baton, but it got broken in the fighting. He sustained a 6-centimeter wound to his left eyebrow. Wan Weiqing, a neurosurgeon from Beijing Tiantan Hospital, learned of the attack at 2 am on Sunday and took the first flight to Kunming, where he has been helping the victims. He said that 71 victims are being treated at the Kunming First People's Hospital, most of them with severe multiple injuries. \"There is one victim whose rib, breastbone, lung and even heart were all injured in one chopping action. The attackers had obviously prepared and practiced for a long time,\" he said. Zhou Hongmei, director of the Medical Reform Office at the Yunnan Health Department, said a team of medical experts including 29 doctors had arrived in Kunming by Monday night. They have been working at the five hospitals treating victims of the attack. Chen Min, a Neurology Department nurse at Kunming First People's Hospital, said the department usually had seven nurses in the daytime and three at night. \"But all the other nurses who were not on duty returned to the hospital voluntarily on Saturday night,\" she said. In the past three days, none of them had more than 10 hours of rest. \"The crucial factor in saving lives in such incidents is treatment without delay,\" said Chai Wenzhao, associate director of the Intensive Care Unit in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Chai has participated in many emergency rescue efforts. He said that the victims will need psychological counseling once their physical injuries have been dealt with, because the emotional impact of such an incident can be severe. Four psychologists from Anding Hospital in Beijing have begun treating some of the victims. \n Answer: Just before the report was written.",
            "output": [
                "When did the terrorist attack happen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2fc913e142514d28b0f86e8675bc3fb7",
            "input": "Article: Editor Henry Slocum, I read your May 10th article in the local newspaper Honesdale Times about electronic books, or e-books, with great interest. You made several good points about the disadvantage of e-books. You may have overlooked, however, some of the ways in which they are superior to traditional books. Yes, e-books are expensive, but they are also convenient. In addition, due to their environment-friendly nature, e-books have the potential to change our planets for the better. E-books, for anyone who is unfamiliar with the term, are about the same size and shape as regular books. They have a large screen in the middle, however, this screen shows the reader a page of the text that has been downloaded from a computer. Once the reader has finished reading the page on the e-book screen, he or she scrolls down to see a new page. The process continues until the entire book has been read. As you pointed out, Mr. Slocum, it's great to lie on a warm, sandy beach with a book. You can do that just as easily with an e-book as you can with a traditional paper book. In fact, because e-books are so light, you can carry themselves. Say, for example, that you like to read on the bus. Which would you rather carry with you---a heavy 800-page novel, or an e-book that weighs only a few ounces? Another important advantage is offered by e-books as well. They are more environment-friendly than traditional books. At present, thousands of trees cut down each year to meet the publishing industry's demand for paper. Books that don't sell are eventually returned to the publisher and destroyed, This terrible waste could be avoided if everyone used e-books, which require no paper. Sincerely, David Eng \n Answer: Expensive",
            "output": [
                "What does Editor Henry Slocum think about e-books?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bad94c7c53a14b35aa0b39cd55e98894",
            "input": "Article: Nowadays they are giving homework even during the holidays and I hate that very much. But I think there is a reason for it. Homework is given so that we can remember whatever we have learnt. Regular drilling and repetition make perfect. But teachers have started to give too much homework. Anything in excess   is bad. Jane What's the use of just homework without allowing children to get an insight   into the subject? It just makes them bookworms but nothing else. Homework such as writing some things 5 times at home will just make them memorize things but not put them into use. I regret to say that teachers find it easy to bundle   the children with homework rather than making them get interested to understand what they learn. The same trend continues even in college. I find that most of the so-called high scorers are unable to answer simple things in an interview. Sally It is OK to give homework. But it should be given less. We are spending most of our time in school and at least we must be free in our home. If you give homework, we will be very tired and we wouldn't be able to pay attention to extra-curricular activities, which in turn may affect our physical and mental health. So please give less homework to us. Johnson It is part of our work to give students homework. There will be some punishments if we won't do our work. So I have to do that though I know such a teacher is not liked by students. \n Answer: Johnson.",
            "output": [
                "Who thinks that too much homework may do harm to students' physical and mental health?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6d724be3d05648e7bdd35a55e1479a3a",
            "input": "Article: Speaking  and  Reading     In learning a foreign language, one should first pay attention to speaking. It is the groundwork of reading and writing. You'd better try your best to speak. Don't be afraid of making mistakes. While you are doing this, a good exercise is to write --keep a diary, write notes or letters and so on. Many mistakes in your speaking will be easily found when you write. Through correcting the mistakes, you can do better in learning a language.     If you are slow in speaking, don't worry. One of the helpful ways is to improve your English by reading, either aloud or low to yourself. The important thing is to choose something interesting to read. It mustn't be too difficult for. When you are reading in this way, don't stop to look up the words if you can guess their meaning of if they are not important to the sentence. You can do that some other time. \n Answer: Speaking",
            "output": [
                "Which is the groundwork while you are learning a foreign language?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-795591e4b638477aac76b598baaced25",
            "input": "Article: When I was a child, our dining room had two kinds of chairs--two large ones with arm rests and four small ones without. The larger ones stood at the ends of the table, the smaller ones on the sides. Mom and Dad sat in the big chairs, except when one of us was away; then Mom would sit in one of the smaller chairs. Dad always sat at the end, at the \"head\" of the table. Sitting where he did, Dad was framed by the window through which the yard could be seen with its trees and grass. His chair was not just a place for him at the table; it was a place in which he was situated against the yard and trees. It was the holy   and protected place that was his, and ours through him. After Dad retired, he and Mom moved out into a small flat. When they came to visit me at their old house. Dad still sat at the end of the table though the table was no longer his but mine. Only with my marriage to Barbara, did I hear a voice questioning the arrangement. She requested, gently but firmly, that I sit at the head of the table in our home. I realized then that I was head of the family, but I also felt unwilling to introduce such a change. How would I feel sitting in that \"head\" place in my Dad's presence? And how would he handle it? I was to find out on the occasion of our youngest child's first birthday.  Mom and Dad arrived for lunch, and went into the dining room. Dad moved toward his usual seat in front of the window. Before he could get around the side of the table, I took a deep breath and said, \"Dad, this is going to be your place, next to Mom, on the side.\" He stopped, looked at me and then sat down. I felt sad, and angry at Barbara for pushing me to do this. It would have been easy to say, \"My mistake, Dad. Sit where you always sit.\" But I didn't. When he and Mom were seated, Barbara and I took our places. I don't know how Dad felt. I do know that, though removed from his usual place, he continued to share his best self with us, telling stories of his childhood and youth to the delight of his grandchildren. As I served the food, our lives experienced a change, which we continue to live with. It wasn't easy, but I sense that there is also something good in the change which has occurred. I am beginning to learn that \"honoring one's father\" is more than the question of which place to occupy at the dining table. It also means listening, wherever we sit and whatever positions we own, to the stories Dad longs to tell. We may then, during these magical moments, even be able to forget about whose chair is whose. \n Answer: She sat opposite to Dad.",
            "output": [
                "Where did the writer's mother sit when one of the children was away?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b110f01b595147688d917816997d9f9b",
            "input": "Article: Nearly all our food comes from the soil. Some of us eat meat, of course, but animals live on plants. If there were no plants, we would have no animals and no meat. So the soil is very necessary for life. The top of the ground is usually covered with grass or other plants. There may be dead leaves and dead plants on the grass. The waste matter   from animals also falls on it. All soil needs food. If we do not give it any, the plants will be weak. Farmers found that animals' waste is the best food for the soil, but chemical fertilizers   are also very useful. The same crop   should not be grown in the same place every year; it's better to have a different crop. A change of crop and the use of a good fertilizer will keep the land good. \n Answer: Animals would die.",
            "output": [
                "What would happen first without plants?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8615f88ec34a4b91bea752547894fecf",
            "input": "Article: A few months ago I was at a bus stop in town in the evening. The bus came on time and I took the window seat. The bus was travelling by the seashore and I was enjoying the soft wind while watching the sea waves  . After a few minutes the bus made its next stop. A young boy and a girl got on. They were standing on my left when the bus pulled off. I looked at them in surprise and realized that all the window seats were taken up. They could sit but not together. _ . I got up and offered them my seat. The young lady smiled kindly and said thanks. I took another seat and we parted our ways. I don't remember whether I got off the bus before them or not. Months passed by. Suddenly one day while I was standing at the same bus stop waiting some time for the bus to arrive I heard a voice. \"Excuse me, Uncle.\" I looked in the direction of the voice. It was a beautiful young lady. Puzzled, I said, \"I do not recognize you.\" She said, \"Do you remember you gave us your window seat?\" Puzzled, I said, \"Maybe, but what is so great in that?\" She said, \"If you had not given your seat that day, perhaps I would have not sat with my friend. By sitting together it helped us bridge a misunderstanding that had been between us forever. Do you know we are getting married next month?\" \"Good! God bless both of you,\" I replied. The young lady again said thank you and went on her journey. I realized the importance of giving that day. \n Answer: Because they couldn't sit together.",
            "output": [
                "Why were the young boy and the girl standing on the bus?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-74583bdd4d60461a8d4837d624b312b3",
            "input": "Article: Can you understand the beginning of this article? \"My smmr hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2go2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & 3 kds FTF.\" The Scottish teacher who received it in class had no idea what the girl who wrote it meant. The essay was written in a form of English used in cell phone text messages. Text messages (also called SMS2) through cell phones became very popular in the late 1990s. At first, mobile phone companies thought that text messaging would be a good way to send messages to customers, but customers quickly began to use the text messaging service to send messages to each other. Teenagers in particular enjoyed using text messaging, and they began to create a new language for messages called texting. A text message is limited to 160 characters, including letters, spaces, and numbers, so messages must be kept short. In addition, typing on the small keypad of a cell phone is difficult, so it's common to make words shorter. In texting, a single letter or number can represent a word, like \"r\" for \"are,\" \"u\" for \"you,\" and \"2\" for \"to.\" Several letters can also represent a phrase, like \"lol\" for \"laughing out loud.\" Another characteristic of texting is the leaving out of letters in a word, like spelling \"please\" as \"pls.\" Some parents and teachers worry that texting will make children bad spellers and bad writers. The student who wrote the essay at the top of this page said writing that way was more comfortable for her. (The essay said, \"My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three kids face to face.\") Not everyone agrees that texting is a bad thing. Some experts say languages always evolve, and this is just another way for English to change. Other people believe texting will disappear soon. New technology for voice messages may soon make text messages a thing of the past. \n Answer: The writer does not give an opinion.",
            "output": [
                "What is the writer's opinion of text messaging?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-139e26c70b164e9dbef88138a9670b87",
            "input": "Article: In June 2013 a five-year-old boy, Toby, was walking home from school thinking about the long summer ahead. Money was tight that year and Toby's parents had told him they would not be able to afford a holiday. Instead of dreaming about foreign travel, he had been reading a book, Letter to New Zealand, where the author explains what happens in an envelope's journey from England to the other side of the world. As they neared their house, Toby asked his mum, Sabine, if he could write a letter to New Zealand. After a few more steps he was struck by an even better idea. \"Can I write a letter to every country in the world?\" Sabine says she often wonders what would have happened if she had replied differently that day. \"It was just one of those typical questions that five-year-olds have,\" she says. \" If he had asked me in the evening when I was tired, I might have refused. But as parents you realize there's a lot of power in just allowing kids to have a go. Also, it seemed a nice way to do some armchair exploration. So I told him\" Let's see how far you get.\" The answer was very far indeed. Toby has since written and posted letters to all 193 UN mumber states, as well as numerous other bad-conditioned areas with comforting ones. To date he has written 681 letters- the best of which have been selected to appear in a new book called Dear World, How Are You?- although so productive is Toby' pen that the number will have risen by the time you read this. \"Writing these letters has made me realize that the world isn't actually all that big,\" he says with a grin. In the future, part of him would like to be a musical director to turn his beloved Star Wars into a ballet. Of course, he also hopes to travel the globe in person to see some of the countries where his letters have ended up. \"We're so lucky to have this wonderful world, and I hope we can live on planet Earth in peace.\" \n Answer: He wanted others to help his family.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Toby want to write letters to other countries?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-404a520bcdb6410cbeb936d9505bb945",
            "input": "Article: NANJING -- Another human H7N9 case has been found in east China's Jiangsu Province, the provincial health department confirmed on January 31. The patient, a 75-year-old woman from the provincial capital of Nanjing, is in a critical condition. The case brings the number of infections in the province to eight this year. H7N9 has killed 19 in China this year, and the total number of human infections reached 96 on January 26, according to the   Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. With bird flu cases increasing on a daily basis, public concern over people-to-people transmission during Spring Festival is growing. Li Lanjuan, researcher at the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a specialist in H7N9 prevention, said so far there have not been any cases in which one person transmits the flu to another, and the latter transmits the virus to a third person. Her team has identified H7N9 virus mutations this year, but the  _ are not large-scale. \"Inter-human transmission is very unlikely,\" said Li, who added that the virus has not evolved to be extensively drug resistant. The National Health and Family Planning Commission said on Wednesday live poultry markets should close if any case of H7N9 avian flu is detected. The southern metropolis of Shenzhen has closed all live poultry   markets until February 13 for a thorough cleaning. The city near Hong Kong has reported 14 human H7N9 cases since December 18. Live poultry trading has been halted in Hangzhou, Ningbo and Jinhua cities in Zhejiang, which reported the largest number of human H7N9 cases. China has stepped up   research for an H7N9 vaccine in the face of the increasing threat from the virus. Beijing's Snovac Hotech Ltd.,which developed the A/H1N1 and H5N1 vaccines, said in a press release on Wednesday that it has completed preclinical   studies of an H7N9 vaccine arid prepared several types for clinical testing. The company has submitted an application to the China Food and Drug Administration to start clinical trials. \n Answer: It once developed the A/H1N1 and H5N1 vaccines.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about Beijing's Sinovac Biotech Ltd?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d7b1726be9a2458e8501151acc8dcc1b",
            "input": "Article: It's the place where smart people make smart machines work even smarter. It's also in the heart of sunny California, a great place to start a family and raise kids. What could be better? But something is happening to their children. Up until the age of two they develop normally. But then everything seems to go backwards. The children become locked into their own small world, unable to communicate at all. They call it the \"curse of Silicon Valley,\" but the medical name for the condition is autism . It used to be thought that autism was a kind of mental illness. Now doctors are sure that it is a neurological disease transmitted genetically. It seems that the people leading the communications revolution are having children who cannot communicate at all. But even the parents have trouble communicating. Asperger's Syndrome is a mild version of autism. People who have it are highly intelligent and often brilliant with numbers or system but have no social skill. This very combination of symptoms makes Asperger's sufferers into ideal computer professionals. The Asperger's sufferer has always been a well--known figure in popular culture. He or she was the eccentric but dedicated scholar or the strange uncle or auntie who never married. But the high numbers of such people in Silicon Valley mean that they can meet others who understand them and share their interests. And while they might not be personally attractive, they can earn truly attractive amounts of money. They can get married and have kids. Unfortunately, many of the children of two Asperger's parents seem to be developing serious autism. There is little anyone can do. It takes hours of work just to make autistic child realize that anyone else exists. And there is no cure in sight. Some argue that no cure should be found. \"It may be that autistics are essentially different from normal people, but that these differences make them invaluable for the evolution of the human race,\" says Dr. Kirk Whilhelmsen of the University of California. \"To eliminate the genes for autism could be disastrous. \" It seems that the children of Silicon Valley are paying the price of genius. \n Answer: It is not completely a bad thing.",
            "output": [
                "What does Dr Kirk Whilhelmsen think of autism?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dff1656f661744f595e6f628ddb5c71b",
            "input": "Article: Vancouver  Natural Resources As a major centre for the global forestry industry, Vancouver is host to many international forestry conferences and events, and the natural home of the massive BC forestry business. Companies such as Canfor and West Fraser Timber Co., the second and third largest lumber producers in the world, are headquartered in Vancouver. Vancouver is also a major centre for the mining industry. International trade International trade is a key part for Vancouver's economy. The city has Canada's largest port and is one of North America's major gateways for Pan-Pacific trade. The Port of Vancouver ranks first in North America in total foreign exports and second on the West Coast in total goods volume. Banking and Financial The headquarters for HSBC Canada  is located in the Financial District in downtown. Canada's third largest commercial entity , Jim Pattison Group is also based in Vancouver. International relation Vancouver is a major centre for diplomacy  and foreign relations. Most countries of the world have consulate or general offices in the Central Business District. In fact, many major diplomatic conferences are hosted by the city - including the world famous G7 summit with President Clinton, APEC, and the World Trade Organization. Greenpeace has its world headquarters in the city. Therefore, Vancouver was among the first North American cities to declare itself a Nuclear Weapons Free Zone. Tourism Tourism is a leading industry to Vancouver. The Whistler-Blackcomb Resort is among the most popular skiing resorts in North America, and will be the site of the downhill events of the 2010 Winter Olympics. Vancouver's beaches, parks, waterfronts, and mountain backdrops and its multi- cultural character attract more and more tourists. Film Vancouver was the source of the sobriquet \"Hollywood North\", for hosting the production of about ten percent of Hollywood's movies. Many U.S. television and films series are shot exclusively in Vancouver. This has partly been because of the favourable Canadian dollar exchange rate. \n Answer: Vancouver is a leading centre for the global agriculture and industry.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following description about Vancouver is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ba356a3af0bb4a0191e9038be6b06423",
            "input": "Article: It seems that the key to winning any contest is in the belief that you can win. This belief is what inspires one to do one's best. If we have this belief, we work tirelessly to accomplish our goals, and make whatever sacrifices which are necessary. Whether it's a hot-dog eating contest or a spelling bee, the winners have not just been the ones with the most skills, but those with the greatest desire to win. Much can be said for positive thinking. An entire movement is based on the idea that if you visualize  your goals on a daily basis, you will accomplish them, no matter how difficult they may seem. Most life coaches recommend writing down a list of all of your goals on a poster, and then displaying it where you'll see it every day. This way these goals will become so much a part of your life that you will find yourself driven to accomplish every one of them. The same strategy applies to winning any contest. Practice is, of course, also part of winning. If you're not devoted enough to practice, then you have no hope anyway. Don't take the other contestants for granted. They're working just as hard as you are, and you have to keep practicing all the way up to the moment of competition if you really want to win. Finally, show grace in victory. Always be generous in your praise of the other contestants. The positive energy of their good will toward you will carry you to countless additional victories. Be proud in you heart that you worked so hard to accomplish your goals, and that you deserve the reward you've just gotten, but accept the reward with a modest and gracious manner. \n Answer: Concentration on contestants.",
            "output": [
                "What is the most important thing to have in preparation for a contest, according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-44897064fe4c443ba025f0c5a6aae1b8",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever used Facebook? Many people are being lured   onto it with the promise of a fun,free service without realizing they're paying for it by giving up large amounts of personal information.Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages. Most Facebook users don't realize this is happening.Even if they know what the company is up to,they still have no idea what they're paying for Facebook because people don't really know what their personal data is worth. The biggest problem,however,is that the company keeps changing the rules.Early on,you keep everything private.That was the great thing about Facebook -- you could create your own little private network.Last year,the company changed its privacy rules so that many things -- your city,your photo,your friends' names--were set,by default   to be shared with everyone on the Internet. According to Facebook's vice-president Elliot Schrage,the company is simply making changes to improve its service,and if people don't share information,they have a \"less satisfying experience\". Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money.Its original business model,which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page,totally failed.Who wants to look at ads when they're online connecting with their friends? The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington.In April,Senator  Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy.He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites.\"I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them,\" Schrage admits. I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy is only the beginning,which is why I'm considering deactivating  my account.Facebook is a handy site,but I'm upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don't know.That's too high a price to pay. \n Answer: They don't know their personal data enriches Facebook.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author say about most Facebook users?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8d22ba737af34dd097b7530a04f5ef62",
            "input": "Article: Walls and wall building have played a very important role in Chinese culture. In ancient times, not only towns and villages, but also the houses and the temples within them were surrounded with walls. Also, the houses had no windows overlooking the street. Thus, walking in a city would give the feeling of wandering around a huge maze  . The word \"city\" in Chinese also means \"wall\". The god of walls and mounts, whose duty was, and still is, to protect and be responsible for the welfare of the residents in these cities, villages, houses and temples. So a great and extremely hard task such as constructing a wall, which was supposed to run the length of the country, might not sound absurd .    However, it is indeed a common mistake to think of the Great Wall as a single building structure, and it would also be a mistake to assume that it was built during a single dynasty. Actually, several dynasties somehow contributed to the construction of the Great Wall, the foundations of which had been laid many centuries ago. It was during the fourth and third centuries BC that warring states started building walls to protect their kingdoms, both against one another and against the northern nomads  .    The Great Wall played an important role in the growth of Chinese economy in history. Many settlements were established along the new border. Armies were instructed to reclaim   wasteland and to plant crops there. Also, roads and canals were built. All of the work greatly helped increase the country's trade and cultural exchanges with many remote areas and also with the southern, central and western parts of Asia. \n Answer: Because the outside walls of houses had no windows.",
            "output": [
                "Why did ancient Chinese cities seem like a maze?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-97bf853fbf754059bb3092711b3f996a",
            "input": "Article: While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things, they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted--being able to walk on firm ground, hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza. Though not much can be done about the first two things, there may soon be a solution to the third one, thanks to this cool 3-D pizza printer! About a year ago, NASA offered $125 ,000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3-D technology expert, to build a device   that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand. The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities that looked, tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens. Late last year, the engineer presented a video of his first prototype   that begins by creating a single slice of dough   that is cooked and printed at the same time. Then comes the tomato \"sauce\" -- a mix of tomato powder, oil and water and finally, a protein slice that resembles cheese. While the video doesn't show the baking process, the inventor says that once the pizza is printed, it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds. While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover, Anjan Contractor is far from ready for astronauts. That's because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years. Though that may sound unrealistic, actually it is not. Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water is removed from all the ingredients   and then they are reduced to the powder form. This, as you can imagine, will not be so easy. But, while the printer may not be ready for space, it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth. Hopefully, NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enough to go to Mars! \n Answer: To introduce the topic of the text.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space cannot do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b4b96d22dd404775b25053d9411c27ff",
            "input": "Article: When a tornado touched down in a small town nearby, many families were left completely destroyed. Afterward all the local newspapers carried many human-interest stories featuring some of the families who suffered the hardest. One Sunday, a particular picture especially touched me. A young woman stood in front of an entirely shattered mobile home, a depressed expression twisting her features. A young boy, seven or eight years old, stood at her side, eyes downcast. Clutching     at her skirt was a tiny girl who stared into the camera, eyes wide with confusion and fear. The article that went with the picture gave the clothing sizes of each family member. With growing interest, I noticed that their sizes closely matched ours. This would be a good opportunity to teach my children to help those less fortunate than themselves. I taped the picture of the young family to our refrigerator, explaining their difficulty to my seven-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and to three- year-old Meghan. \" We have so much. And these poor people now have nothing,\" I said.\"We'll share what we have with them.\" I brought three large boxes down from the room upstairs and placed them on the living room floor. Meghan watched seriously, as the boys and I filled one of the boxes with canned goods and foods. While I sorted through our clothes, I encouraged the boys to go through their toys and donate some of their less favorite things. Meghan watched quietly as the boys piled up discarded toys and games. \"I'll help you find something for the little girl when I'm done with this,\" I said. The boys placed the toys they had chosen to donate into one of the boxes while I filled the third box with clothes. Meghan walked up with Lucy, her worn, faded, much-loved rag doll hugged tightly to her chest. She paused in front of the box that held the toys, pressed her round little face into Lucy's flat, painted-on-face, gave her a final kiss, then laid her gently on top of the other toys. \"Oh, Honey,\" I said.\"You don't have to give Lucy. You love her so much.\" Meghan nodded seriously, eyes glistening with held-back tears. '\"Lucy makes me happy, Mommy. Maybe she'll make that other little girl happy, too.\"  _ , I stared at Meghan for a long moment, wondering how I could teach the boys the lesson she had just taught me. For I suddenly realized that anyone can give their cast-offs away. True generosity is giving that which you value most. Honest benevolence     is a three-year-old offering a valuable, though shabby, doll to a little girl she doesn't know with the hope that it will bring this child as much pleasure as it brought her. I, who had wanted to teach, had been taught. The boys had watched, open-mouthed, as their baby sister placed her favorite doll in the box. Without a word, Brad rose and went to his room. He came back carrying one of his favorite action figures. He hesitated briefly, clutching the toy, then looked over at Meghan and placed it in the box next to Lucy. A slow smile spread across Brett's face. Then he jumped up, eyes twinkling as he ran to fetch some of his prized Matchbox cars. Astonished, I realized that the boys had also recognized what little Meghan's gesture meant. Swallowing back tears, I pulled all three of them into my arms. Taking the cue from my little one, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes. I replaced it with the new hunter green jacket that I had found on sale last week. I hoped the young woman in the picture would love it as much as I did. It's easy to give that which we don't want any more, but harder to let go of things we cherish, isn't it? However, _ \n Answer: To stress what touched her and made her decide to help the hopeless family.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author give a detailed description of a particular picture in the Sunday newspaper?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1974e124606549f98d2165c395b42ace",
            "input": "Article: I'm a speed reader. Have been since I was a teen. Mother worked for the continuing education department of a university, and they were offering a class on speed reading and needed one more person to fill out the class. I became that one person. The class met for only an hour or two for a few weeks, but when the goal of a class is speed, you don't need to meet for long. The instructor said to make our eyes go across the lines of words as fast as they could and not to be concerned about what the words meant. I read Animal Farm in 10 ten minutes. Cover to cover. The instructor asked what the book was about. I said I didn't know, but if I had to guess I'd say it was about animals on a farm. He looked displeased. I've been speed reading ever since. I can't stop and I can't slow down. Today, for example, I plan on reading Churchill's History of the English Speaking Peoples over lunch. I hope it's more memorable than Animal Farm. As a result of all this speed-reading, I often experience a delay between what I think I read and what something actually says. The other day I passed by a mall with a large sign that said \"Auto Theft Sale\". I thought how efficient it was for auto thieves to simply sell all the stole cars in a big tent at the mall. A half-mile later it dawned on me that the sign had said \"Auto Tent Sale\". Every time I drive through a construction zone, I gasp  . The sign says: \"Hit a Worker $10, 000 (about 62,000 yuan).\" It reads like they're offering a reward. Of course, it's not an offer. It's just that my eyes rarely take in the last line that says, \"Fine.\" It's a $10, 000 fine if you hit a worker. Someone really needs to rephrase that one. Speed reading has bitten me on the backside more than once. Especially as a writer. Just ask any of my editors. \n Answer: She took a chance and filled one vacancy  .",
            "output": [
                "Why was the author able to attend classes on speed reading?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-17e9179a91974f1292a7d19d3812139c",
            "input": "Article: We all have our ways of marking time. As a photographer,my life is measured from one story to the next. My oldest son was born in the middle of a long story about the Endangered Species Act. My daughter came along with a pack of gray wolves. Twenty stories later,though,it's the story in Alaska that I'll remember best. It was the story about the loss of wilderness--and the story during which my wife Kathy got cancer. That's the one that made time stand still. I stopped taking pictures on the day when she found that tumor  .Cruelly,it was Thanksgiving. By Christmas,she had become very weak. Some days she was so sick she couldn't watch TV. Early examination saves time. But ours was not early. By the time you can feel it yourself,it's often bigger than the doctor want it to be. Cancer is a thief. It steals time. Our days are already short with worry. Then comes this terrible disease,unfair as storm at harvest time. But cancer also has the power to change us,for good. We learn to simplify,enjoying what we have instead of feeling sorry for what we don't. Cancer even made me a better father. My work had made me a stranger to my three kids. But now I pay attention to what really matters. This is not a race. This is a new way of life and new way of seeing,all from the cancer. In the end each of us has so little time. We have less of it than we can possibly imagine. And even though it turns out that Kathy's cancer has not spread,and her prognosis   is good,we try to make it all count now,enjoying every part of every day. I've picked up my camera again. I watch the sky,searching for beautiful light. When winter storms come,Kathy and I gather our children and take the time to catch snowflakes   on our tongues. After all,this is good. This is what we're living for. \n Answer: He treasured every bit of time with his family.",
            "output": [
                "What is the biggest change the cancer has brought to the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-28498e8ac67b4c4e9413676190df1647",
            "input": "Article: Australians have been warned that they face a life or death decision over their water--drink recycled sewage   or die. With the drought   continuing, the country is set to be forced to use purified   waste water for drinking, even though there is great opposition to the measure. Queensland has become the first state to introduce the policy after a warning from its premier. \"I think in the end, because of the drought, all of Australia is going to end up drinking recycled purified water,\" said Peter Beattie. \"These are difficult decisions, but you either drink water or you die. There's no choice. It's liquid gold; it's a matter of life and death.\" Beattie said Australia's second largest state would become the first to use recycled water for drinking. Water is recycled in Britain and parts of northern Europe along with the US and Israel. But Australians have never liked the idea. To try to change the way Australians think, Prime Minister John Howard and Environment Minister Malcolm Turnbull have _ Queensland's move. \"I am very strongly for recycling and Mr. Beattie is right and I agree with him completely,\" Howard said. \"Australian cities, all now facing water shortages because of the worst drought on record, must start to use recycled water.\" added Turnbull, \"All of our big cities have to widen the range of water sources to include sources which are not dependent on rainfall.\" \n Answer: Continuing drought forces Australians to drink recycled sewage.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c5e3cc7ec15f432ba9cb87f77e5d120e",
            "input": "Article: Successful people always have a dream. They dream big dreams and then show great courage to do things that others say cannot be done. Your dreams form the foundation of success. Many people have long forgotten the dreams they used to have when they were kids. As they grow older, they are simply too caught up with their work activities that they fail to discover what they really want to pursue in life. To get you back on track to pursue your dreams, follow these steps: Learn to dream again; We are born to dream. But we hear of teachers calling in school: \"Stop dreaming and pay attention in class!\" Parents , too, have shouted, \"Stop dreaming and go on with your homework!\" In the end, many do get \"realistic\" and give up their dreams in time. Dream big dreams; Never set mental boundaries on what you are able to achieve. Dreams are free anyway so as long as you are dreaming, you might as well dream big. Many people cannot realize their dreams and achieve greater success because they limit their own beliefs. Flee from dream killers; Dream killers are destructive to your success. Your friends, colleagues and even loved ones can be one of your dream killers. There are people who will try to change, confuse or persuade you to build the life they want, not the life that you want. Stop listening to the people who tell you why you will not achieve your dreams. You just need to believe you can do whatever it is you want to do. You should stop giving reasons why you cannot achieve your dreams. Many so-called reasons are merely excuse. Take action immediately; Once you have big and clear dreams, take immediate action to work toward making them come true. Weeks later, the passion will grow cold and months later, that passion may be gone forever. Think about this; Five birds are resting on the fence and minutes later, three birds decide to fly off to search for food. How many birds are left on the fence? Two? Wrong! There should still be five birds on the fence because deciding to fly off is not the same as the actual act of flying off. \n Answer: Because they have to work hard to make a living",
            "output": [
                "Why have many people forgotten their dreams they had when they were young?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-afc69e4f2c1a49288ab7fdc0e541a614",
            "input": "Article: Princeton University Location The University is in Princeton, New Jersey. It is an hour's train ride south of New York City and an hour's train ride north of Philadelphia. Students There are 4,600 undergraduates  . There are also 1,900 graduate students, but Princeton is unusual among universities in having a student body made up largely of undergraduates. Faculty Princeton has about 700 full-time faculty members  . There are another 300 or so part-time and visiting faculty. All faculty members at Princeton are expected to teach and research. Degrees Princeton offers two undergraduate degrees:the bachelor   of arts (A. B. ) degree and the bachelor of science in engineering (B. S. E.) degree. Academic Year An academic year runs from September to late May and lasts two terms (fall and spring). A normal course load is four or five courses per term, although many students take extra courses. Residences Princeton provides housing for all undergraduate students. Freshmen and second-year students are required to spend their first two years in one of five colleges. Each college has its own dining hall, common rooms and computer centers. Fees and Expenses (Academic Year 2011-2012) Tuition  : $29,910 Room and board: $ 8,387 Other expenses (books, telephone, etc.): $ 3,083 Total: $ 41,380 \n Answer: Four",
            "output": [
                "How many kinds of faculty members are there in Princeton University?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-16be9d62da624c0abca0bfad89874fb9",
            "input": "Article: NEW YORK-- The band Atomic Tom has scored an Internet hit with its self-created video to the song Take Me Out. In the video, the band members ride a New York City subway while performing entirely on iPhones, with applications linked with mini-battery powered broadcasters for each instrument. Singer Luck White says the production was a top-secret operation. \"We didn't tell anyone about this. It was completely top-secret from our family, from our friends, from management, from everybody. So the first time that people saw this video was last Friday when we put it on YouTube,\"explained White. It has been watched by more than 2 million on YouTube since debuting  last week. \"All I've wanted to do for the past few days is just stare at the YouTube page and keep refreshing it to see how far it will go, \" said Espiritu, the lead guitarist of the band. \"The Internet changed everything,\"Espiritu said. \"It's kind of an exciting time because it forces everyone to adjust and be creative and find new ways to get your name out there.\" The idea for the video came from Espiritu's 24-year-old brother Benjamin, who's hoping to go to film school. \" I've seen a lot of these music applications, and they're kind of fascinating to me,\"Benjamin Espiritu said. \" I thought: 'What would happen if iPhones kind of took over the world? If there could actually be a band that played straight through with iPhones, what would that look like?'\" So they shot  the video --with iPhones also serving as video cameras. The band also tried Union Square but were stopped during playing because they didn't have a permit. \" _ ,\"Espiritu said. \"We've seen the jump.\" Their album has been in the top 10albums on iTunes. Will their fans start cheering for iPhone-only performances? \"We've gotten the most exposure and teh most fans that we've ever gotten through this, so I wouldn't be surprised if fans are going to want to see that.: Espritu said. \n Answer: Their management.",
            "output": [
                "Who first saw the ban's video to the song Take Me Out?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-29bf452753614a029812c9cd57012d58",
            "input": "Article: Celebrate the arts at Harvard ARTS FIRST: April 28-May l, 2012 Experience non-stop art! Over 200 performances, exhibitions, films, and multimedia presentations Highlighting student and faculty creativity at Harvard. Schedule of events: www.ofa.fas.harvard.edu/arts, or call 617 495 8676 to request a program guide. Join us in honoring Susan Meiselas, winner of the 2012 Harvard Arts Medal Photographer Susan Meiselas will be awarded the Arts Medal by President Drew Gilpin Faust and will take part in a conversation organized by John Lithgow. Friday, April 29, 4 pm New College Theatre, 10-12 Holyoke St., Cambridge Admission free: tickets required. Those who receive this announcement may request up to two tickets by emailing www.ofa.fas.harvard.edu/arts or calling 617 495 8676. Please indicate one or two tickets, and reply by April 25. \n Answer: For five days.",
            "output": [
                "How long will Harvard ARTS FIRST FESTIVAL last?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-83f726c2b064488a9280935b6ca97336",
            "input": "Article: For most of the 20th century, Asia asked itself what it could learn from the modern, innovating West. Now the question must be reversed. What can the West's overly indebted and sluggish   nations learn from a flourishing Asia? Just a few decades ago, Asia's two giants were stagnating  under faulty economic ideologies. However, once China began embracing free-market reforms in the 1980s, followed by India in the 1990s, both countries achieved rapid growth. Crucially, as they opened up their markets, they balanced market economy with sensible government direction. As the Indian economist Amartya Sen has wisely said, \"The invisible hand of the market has often relied heavily on the visible hand of government.\" Contrast this middle path with America and Europe, which have each gone ideologically over-board in their own ways. Since the 1980s, America has been increasingly clinging to the ideology of uncontrolled free markets and dismissing the role of government---following Ronald Regan's idea that \"government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem. \"Of course, when the markets came crashing down in 2007, it was decisive government intervention that saved the day. Despite this fact, many Americans are still strongly opposed to \"big government.\" If Americans could only free themselves from their antigovernment doctrine(,), they would begin to see that the America's problems are not insoluble. A few sensible federal measures could put the country back on the right path. A simple consumption tax of, say, 5% would significantly reduce the country's huge government deficit  without damaging productivity. A small gasoline tax would help free America from its dependence on oil imports and create motivations for green energy development. In the same way, a significant reduction of wasteful agricultural subsidies could also lower the deficit. But in order to take advantage of these common-sense solutions, Americans will have to put aside their own attachment to the idea of smaller government and less regulation. American politicians will have to develop the courage to follow what is taught in all American public-policy schools: that there are good taxes and bad taxes. Asian countries have embraced this wisdom, and have built sound long-term fiscal   policies as a result. Meanwhile, Europe has fallen prey  to a different ideological trap: the belief that European governments would always have infinite resources and could continue borrowing as if there were no tomorrow. Unlike the Americans, who felt that the markets knew best, the Europeans failed to expect how the markets would react to their endless borrowing. Today, the European Union is creating a $580 billion fund to prevent sovereign collapse. This will buy the EU time, but it will not solve the bloc's larger problem. \n Answer: Free market plus government intervention.",
            "output": [
                "What has contributed to the rapid economic growth in China and India?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0899c0a54b7f48c4a6eecd50ce990051",
            "input": "Article: Angry survivors demanded answers on Sunday after a terrible stampede at \"Love Parade 2010\", a music festival in Germany, killed 19 people and left hundreds hurt. The German Chancellor Angela Merkel expressed her shock over Saturday's tragedy in the western city of Duisburg. \"This was a very sad day,\" Merkel said. \"We must do everything we can to ensure that something like this never happens again.\" Witnesses said that people pushed into the narrow tunnel, the only entrance to the Love Parade festival, from both sides until it was dangerously overcrowded. The panic began as festival-goers began to lose consciousness as they were crushed against the walls and each other. The dead included eight foreigners, from Australia, Italy, the Netherlands, China, Bosnia and Spain. More than 340 people were injured. After the panic, a lot of emergency vehicles, including helicopters, could be seen parked on the highway leading to helicopters, could be seen parked on the highway leading to the festival site, carrying away the injured people. The festival itself, however, went on. Police were afraid that ending the music altogether could cause further unrest among the crowd. \"The event was a real mess,\" Patrick Guenter, a 22-year-old baker, said.  \"Although the festival was full, they kept letting people in.\" he added. \"It seems the organizers didn't plan the route. The road was very narrow, and no one knew what was going on.\" Said Taggart Bowen-Gaddy,20,an American from Philadelphia. Officials said 4,000 police officers and 1,000 security guards provided security for the event, which attracted up to 1.4 million people. The authorities had only given organizers permission for 250,000 people to attend. \"I warned one year ago that Duisburg was not a suitable place for the Love Parade. The city is too small and narrow for such events. It is a pity that...\" German police union chief Rainer Wendt told the Bild. The chief organizer, Rainer Schaller, said the popular event would never be held again, \"out of respect for the victims and their families\". First held in Berlin in 1989 just months before the fall of the Wall, the Love Parade is one of the biggest music festivals in Europe. It left Berlin from 2007 onwards after disagreements with the city authorities over security and has been held in several other German cities in recent years. \n Answer: Angry and surprised.",
            "output": [
                "How did the German Chancellor Angela Merkel feel about the tragedy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a3f63ddaec9e47c2b0613613c3ec83b6",
            "input": "Article: A couple from Minneapolis decided to go to Florida for a long weekend to warm themselves up during one particularly icy cold winter. They planned to stay at the very same hotel where they spent their honeymoon 20 years ago. They both had jobs, so it was decided that the husband would fly to Florida on a Thursday, and his wife would follow him the next day. Upon arriving as planned, the husband checked into the hotel. There he decided to open his laptop and send his wife an e-mail back in Minneapolis. However, he accidentally left off one letter in her address and sent the e-mail without noticing his error. In the same time: In Houston, a woman had just returned from her husband's funeral . He was a minister of many years who had been \"called home to glory\" following a heart attack. The woman checked her e-mail, expecting message from family and friends. Upon reading the first message, she fainted and fell to the floor. Her son rushed into the room, found his mother on the floor and saw the computer screen which read: To: My Loving Wife From: Your Departed Husband Subject: I've arrived! I've just arrived and have been checked in. I see that everything has been prepared for your arrival tomorrow. Looking forward to seeing you then. Hope your journey is as uneventful as mine was. P.S. Sure is hot down here. \n Answer: To escape from the cold winter",
            "output": [
                "Why did the couple decide to go to Florida for weekend?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-94006068d4df432ca123d8622c9d57fc",
            "input": "Article: Vans, Keds, Dollies--they sound like the names of rock bands, but if you have teenagers, you'll know they're actually the latest in teenage footwear. But experts are now warning that the current shoe fashions will be causing teenagers discomfort in the short term and storing up years of foot, knee and back pain in the future. Here, the experts identify the problems caused by teenagers' shoe choice. KEDS/VANS Slip-on shoes with elastic sides are particularly popular among teenage boys-with Keds and Vans the most sought-after brands. The main problem is that they are just too flat--so flat that the heel, which strikes the ground first, also becomes damaged and painful. BALLET PUMPS The worst shoes of all are such light and thin dolly shoes. The problem is partly their flatness, as with Keds and Vans. However ballet pumps, which have no string or heel, have other specific problems. \"As the shoe has no fastening device, it relies on the toes to keep the shoe on, causing an awkward gait ,this leads to short-and long-term problems such as calluses ,heel and knee pain.\" WEDGES AND STILETTOS      These shoes can also cause problems with gait, They may look good, but the heels on these are so high they can force the wearer's body weight forward, making them very unstable. Teens who wear these shoes regularly are also in danger of joining those millions of women with constant back pain. SCHOOL SHOES      So what do podiatrists have on their wish list, especially for everyday wear? Something in a natural, breathable fabric, with a string to hold it on, with a small heel and a deep toe-box that does not press the toes, such as Clark's, Marks & Spencer or Rhino. If your teen insists on wearing 'bad' shoes, get them some simple foot orthotics in the shoes. These support and correct the movement of the foot and, properly fitted by a podiatrist, can often transform their walk and halt the damage. \n Answer: Ballet Pumps.",
            "output": [
                "Of all the shoes mentioned in the passage, which can cause the worst problems?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-40dcecfe335343ed8435d73f62b1f465",
            "input": "Article: Americans get really annoyed when people drive badly, smoke in no-smoking zones, or don't pick up after their dogs, but the rude behavior that annoyed them most is workplace discrimination, according to a survey.     The survey found workplace discrimination featured highly on the \"Terrible Ten\" list of rude behaviors.     In the survey,615 people from two companies in Baltimore and the University of Baltimore were asked to rank 30 examples of rude behavior ranging from text messaging when talking to someone, taking other people's food from the office fridge, to snubbing  people. Dr Forni, who conducted the survey, said he was surprised discrimination topped the list above other more usual bad habits in the workplace such as colleagues brushing their teeth in the water fountain.  \"When a worker felt they weren't chosen for a project because they did not speak English as well as others, or felt they weren't promoted because of their national origin, age or sexual preference, they were really upset,\" he said. \"The American workplace is the most diverse in the world and the American worker is very sensitive to any kind of treatment that seems to be unfair.\" Aggressive--behavior typical of rush hours--came second in the list with taking credit for someone else's work rounding out the top three, followed by treating service providers as inferiors. Forni said it seemed from this survey that people were starting to focus more on the big issues. He said people were far more forgiving when family or friends behaved in a way seen as rude than work colleagues. \"With the long hours that are so common today in the workplace, the real determinant of our ability to have a good or bad day is linked to the people we work with,\" he said. \n Answer: He is from a poor country.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the reason why a man was refused for a job?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18372edea8f8450bbad5b9595425c948",
            "input": "Article: Ron Meyer is the president and COO  of Universal Studios.As one of the most successful business leaders in Hollywood, he heads up Universal Pictures and Universal Parks & Resorts.He's the guy who oversees the production of Multimillion-dollar extravaganzas  likeKing KongandCinderella Man. Meyer's story sounds like the plot of one of his motion pictures.He grew up in a modest home where there was little income.It was a big deal to go to a restaurant.At 15, he quit high school and spent his time hanging out with the neighborhood toughs .He was then a kid quick with his fists who seemed to get into fights somewhat regularly.At one point, he was separated from others with an infectious disease, having no TV and nothing to do.His mother sent him two books.One wasThe Amboy Dukes, a novel about kids in street gangs.The other wasThe Flesh Peddlers, about a guy in the talent agency who lived a successful life.\"I realized,\" he says, \"that I was no longer that silly kid I had been, and I wanted to change my life.\" Meyer took any job he could get.He worked as a busboy and short-order cook.He cleaned offices and sold shoes.That attitude made an impression on people.One day he received a call from Paul Kohner, a successful agent who represented stars like John Huston, Charles Bronson and Lana Turner.Their messenger and driver had quit, and they knew Ron was willing to take whatever job they offered. He started the job the next day. Meyer was lucky to work with a good boss--and _ .In nearly six years of driving for Kohner, Meyer became his right-hand man and learned a lot.By the 1970s, Meyer had built many relationships in the business.In 1975, the fate presented an opportunity and he started his own operation Creative Artists Agency, which became a huge success, representing Hollywood legends like Barbra Streisand, Tom Hanks and Tom Cruise. Twenty years later, Meyer was appointed to run Universal Studios, a position far beyond his youthful dream.But once he saw success was possible, he was driven to achieve it.Today, colleagues regularly owe his success--and theirs--to his humility and perseverance.It's a level of success that takes determination, personality and intelligence, whether it comes from a college education or from the street. \n Answer: It's people's determination, intelligence and personality that decide their success.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-76cfbdfd24c144f7a2c2dd0b5d14fb3e",
            "input": "Article: Even before my father left us, my mother had to go back to work to support our family.Once I came out of the kitchen, complaining, \"Mom, I can't peel potatoes.I have only one hand.\" Mom never looked up from sewing.\"You get yourself into the kitchen and peel those potatoes,\" she told me.\"And don't ever use that as an excuse for anything again!\" In the second grade, our teacher lined up my class on the playground and had each of us race across the monkey bars, swinging from one high steel bar to the next.When it was my turn, I shook my head.Some kids behind me laughed, and I went home crying. That night I told Mom about it.She hugged me, and I saw her \"we'll see about that\" look.The next afternoon, she took me back to school.At the deserted playground, Mom looked carefully at the bars. \"Now, pull up with your right arm,\" she advised.She stood by as I struggled to lift myself with my right hand until I could hook the bar with my other arm.Day after day we practiced, and she praised me for every rung I reached.I'd never forget the next time, crossing the rungs.I looked down at the kids who were standing with their mouths open. One night, after a dance at my new junior school, I lay in bed sobbing.I could hear Mom come into my room.\"Mom,\" I said, weeping, \"none of the girls would dance with me.\" For a long time, I didn't hear anything.Then she said, \"Oh, honey, someday you'll be beating those boys off with a bat.\" Her voice was soft and weak.I glanced at her to see tears running down her cheeks.Then I knew how much she suffered on my behalf.She had never let me see her tears. \n Answer: Cold.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following expressions can be used most suitably to describe Mom's attitude when she made the child peel potatoes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a5474ad3ba284f0dbdfe9f0c105dfa9d",
            "input": "Article: When my brother and I were young, my mom would take us on Transportation Days. It goes like this: You can't take any means of transportation more than once. We would start from home, walking two blocks to the rail station. We'd take the train into the city center, then a bus, switching to the tram, then maybe a taxi. We always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district, but we didn't like the way the horses were treated, so we never did. At the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where Mom's friend was waiting to give us a ride home--our first car ride of the day. The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around. She was born to be multimodal  . She understood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidence--the product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels. Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore. New cities are just light-rail lines to be explored. And your personal car, if you have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolbox--and often an inadequate one, limiting both your mobility and your wallet. On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestnut Street or buy a new book or toy, but the transportation was the point. First, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it costs? How do I know when I need tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, where's the stop, and will I get wet when we go under the river? I'm writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didn't try on our Transportation Days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all. My flight routed me through Philadelphia. My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport. She took a train to meet me. \n Answer: Taking the train twice.",
            "output": [
                "Which was forbidden by Mom on Transportation Days?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aedb0de7d5a64d9fa912c6abd07f41db",
            "input": "Article: The whole world is helping tsunami   victims. Students in the U.S. are also taking part. A friend of mine suggested that we organize a relief effort for the victims. We are officers of the American Red Cross at Yale (I'm the chairperson). After sending a letter to the other members of the Red Cross, I received a large number of responses from students interested in helping. We decided to organize a charity concert to raise money for tsunami-ravaged areas. All ticket earnings will go directly to our parent organization, the American Red Cross. Currently, we're in the process of inviting Yale's numerous song, dance, and chamber music groups to perform at the concert. So far, we've had a great response from these groups and volunteers have continued to pour in with their ideas and feedback. When I checked my inbox this morning, I had 56 tsunami fundraiser-related emails waiting for me. Although, everyone is still on winter vacation and away from school, we have the Internet to link up Yalies from around the globe. We share ideas not on the latest video games, but on how best to provide help. The Red Cross at Yale is not alone in its aid effort. Student organizations across campus are working hard to raise funds and provide help to those who need it. Yale's South Asian Society (SAS) and the Asian American Students Alliance (AASA), which is an umbrella  organization for many other groups including the Sri Lankan Students Association, are organizing charity dinners. The food will be donated by restaurants from around campus. Every last penny of the earnings will be donated to a non-profit organization providing aid to South Asia. After some discussion with the SAS and AASA, our groups have decided to plan our two events together. Students can attend the benefit dinner then go to the charity concert. There is no doubt in my mind that both events will have a fantastic turnout. \n Answer: The efforts of the American Red Cross at Yale to help tsunami victims.",
            "output": [
                "What does the writer mainly talk about in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cd170719a6f24ba5ab13c765b9cfd7d5",
            "input": "Article: Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions often work very long days. Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day's work. This type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the International Space Station (ISS). ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to _ the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with family and friends by email, internet phone and through private video conferences. While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy. Before a mission, the family and friends of each ISS crewmember put together a collection of family photos, messages, videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth. During their mission, the crew also receives care packages with CDs, books, magazines, photos and letters. And as from early 2010, the internet became available on the ISS, giving astronauts the chance to do some \"web surfing\" in their personal time. Besides relaxing with these more common entertainments, astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space. Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out the window and stare at the universe and the Earth. Both the shuttle and the ISS circle the planet several times each day, and every moment offers a new view of the Earth's vast land mass and oceans. \n Answer: They are excited and curious.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following best describes the families of the astronauts on the ISS?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-77a33c2908f94877b7d4b3695409a310",
            "input": "Article: An Israeli surgeon's dexterity  treating the largest and most serious wounds has brought him to Sichuan province again and again, he tells Liu Zhihua. Moris Topaz, head of the plastic surgery unit of the well-known Hillel Yaffe Medical Center in Hadera, Israel, finally had a good sleep on the flight from New York to China recently. The 63-year-old usually sleeps only three hours a day but that's enough, he says, to give him plenty of energy for his work. On this, his most recent trip to China, he was part of a delegation led by Ronni Gamzu, director-general of Israel's Ministry of Health, which aimed to strengthen the cooperation of health communities in the two countries. While \"cooperation\" may sound vague to outsiders, Sichuan resident Gong Fangxue has a very clear idea what that word means to ordinary people. If not for TopCloser, a groundbreaking method for closing large wounds that Topaz applied in her operation, Gong probably would have died from a huge fatal tumor. \"It was a unique case over a very big tumor. Usually with these kinds of tumors, we have to do complicated surgeries with skin grafts or flaps,\" Topaz says. \"This time, we actually stretched the skin in a way we hadn't done before.\" Gong, 40, found a suddenly fast-growing bump on her right shoulder in 2009. The resident of Deyang was diagnosed with a fatal spindle cell tumor. Although it didn't spread to other parts of the body, the cancerous bump grew very fast. Over the next two years, Gong underwent several removal surgeries, but the condition always recurred shortly after the treatments, and the tumor grew bigger and bigger. Late last year, Gong came to the People's Hospital of Deyang City, after many other hospitals, including big ones in Beijing, refused to treat her. By that time, the tumor had become half as big as Gong's head, making her head lean toward the left. It had become difficult for her to move her neck. Worse, the tumor stretched the skin so far that at any time, the blood vessels could be broken, potentially leading to massive bleeding. Removing the tumor was urgent but unavoidable major bleeding and nerve damage could cause death. An operation wound so large would take a long time to heal with traditional wound-closure methods, such as skin flaps, but Gong needed quick healing so she could have radiotherapy as soon as possible and prevent a relapse. Luckily, the hospital had established a relationship with Topaz, who has superb experience and skills to treat such complicated conditions, Fan adds. On Dec 13, 2013, Topaz operated on Gong with physicians from the hospital. In a four-hour operation, they removed the tumor tissues carefully, and used the TopClosure system to connect the two edges of existing skin with a special plastic thread, eliminating the need for skin-implant reconstruction. The second day after the operation, Gong felt her pain easing. Within two weeks, the wound healed, and she was able to have radiotherapy. Now regular checkups indicate she is recovering from the cancer. It was the first time in the world that such a large wound was healed without skin flaps and implants, according to Li Yongzhong, director of the hospital's burns and plastic surgery department. But that's just a sample of what Topaz has done to strengthen medical cooperation between China and Israel. \n Answer: His devotion to his work.",
            "output": [
                "What probably enables Moris Topaz to sleep so little and still keep energetic?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0f1df1aa461a49a2889fb6b48455d608",
            "input": "Article: The concept of Emotional Intelligence(EQ or EI)was first given by Peter Salovey and John Mayer.but it became widely popular after the publication of Daniel Coleman's best seller\"Emotional Intelligence\"in 1995.The meaning of emotional intelligence is\"Knowing how you and others feel and what to do about it.\"     The control center of our emotions is a small part of oily brain called the amygdala,,which scans incoming signals from our sensory organs(eyes,ears...)and acts as the emotional alarm center of our bed.When it detects a condition that we hate,that we fear,or that could hurt us,it sends an immediate signal to the other parts of our brain that controls our actions.     The amygdala's widespread web of neural connections allows it,during an emotional emergency.to take control of much of the rest of the brain including the mind.This explains why we sometimes do things \"without thinking'' like closing our eyes just before a flying insect hits our face or losing control during the course of a heated argument.     Emotions are important for good decision-making and to keep friendly relationships with others around us.We admire people with determination when have the ability to control their emotions when they face pressure,arguments or aggression(attack).We also enjoy being with people who can express co-operation and forgiveness.We need these emotions to be happy in our professional life as much as we need them in our private life.     The majority of problems at work are caused by unmet emotional needs.The emotional-intelligent manager knows bow to make out and manage the emotional needs of both the customers and his team.He or she.wants to help others feel respected,supported,helped,trusted,important,special,useful,needed and valued.     When our emotional needs are satisfled, we feel better,and when we feel better,we are more productive,patient,creative,open-minded,and caring.     Emotional intelligence requires that we develop our abilities in four main areas:     1) self-awareness       being aware of our emotions as they happen;     2) managing emotions       keeping a healthy balance of emotion and thinking;     3) recognizing emotions in others       it's a great communicating skill;     4) handling relationships       managing emotions in others increases our popularity.our leadership ability and our       communication effectiveness. \n Answer: After an expert said it was quite important.",
            "output": [
                "when did EQ become popular?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c010bba7e9e04bf1b4a52cfcdfd99e8e",
            "input": "Article: Many French academics,teachers and parents complain because they feel that intellectual levels are falling rapidly!The figures prove it:young people visit museums less,spend their lives chatting on the Internet,read nothing but Stephen King,while watching American soaps such as Friends or reality shows like Star Academy on television,music player glued to their cars,and the games console handy. It is,however,easy to see these habits  in a positive light.Music is the favorite leisure activity:86% of 14-to18-year-olds put it at the top of their activities,above the cinema(71%),clubbing(68%),sport(56%) and television(48%).For 90% of young people aged 14to 18,radio is also very popular:they listen to it every day without exception.International popular music has a strong showing,but songs in French are still in the majority(60%). Young people do,of course,watch a lot of television,but less than their elders,and if they tend to choose mostly soaps and reality TV shows,that is because these are the programs people talk about,which encourages social interaction.Do young people read less than they used to?Maybe,but that's also true of the elders.Young people still read more than their elders.When asked,\"Do you like reading?\",94% of 14-to-18-year-olds say they do,and 81% are convinced that computers will never replace books. Contrary to popular belief,reading continues to occupy an extremely important place in leisure-time activities,but the reading matter young people choose has changed considerably:there is a greater variety of media(computers and new technologies) and young people admit to taste they would perhaps have been ashamed of in the past.For example,comic strips,Stenphen King or other authors not recognized by mainstream culture,such as Betty Mahmoody (Not Without My Daughter),Mary Higgins Clark or Jostein Gaader (Sophie's World).As Beatrice Toulon,Editor in Chief of the magazine Phosphore,see it,\"They don't read the same things as their parents did,but they are not afraid to admit it.They have their own culture,which they flaunt  openly!\" \n Answer: Music.",
            "output": [
                "Which activity is the most popular with young French people?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5e6d8bcae5674e9da4e7a7084b7dae8d",
            "input": "Article: The new mayor of Hillsdale, Michigan, is a man of the people, ready to listen to their problems, but only until 6 p.m. Then he has to do his homework. Michael Sessions, 18, beat former mayor Douglas Ingles, 51, by just two votes and became the new mayor of Hillsdale. He is America's youngest mayor. As Sessions was too young to enter the election in the spring of 2005, he registered- to vote on Sept. 22, one day after his 18-year-old birthday. The day after that he started his write-in campaign, which means he should persuade voters to remember his name and write it by hand on the voting ballots . To help get his name known, Sessions earned$700 by selling apples over the summer. He spent the money on posters and put them on the Hillsdale's lawns. Sessions' month-long campaign included going door to door, explaining his ideas of the town's future in the kitchens of his neighbors. \"They'd look at me, and say'How old are you again? How much experience do you have?'And I say'I'm still in high school', \"he said. Sessions promised Hillsdale's voters he would renew local economy. \"I was hopeful the whole time, \"he explained. One day he spent so long out on the streets knocking on the doors that he ended up in a hospital emergency room. Sessions said that his schoolwork will not get in the way of his job as a mayor. \"From 7:50 a.m. to 2:30p.m., I'11 be a student. From 3 to 6, I'11 be the mayor of Hillsdale,\" he said. \"He did a very brave thing that couldn't have been easy for him to do, \"said Jack Vettel, a councilman in Hillsdale, a city of 8,200 about 75 miles southwest of Detroit. \"He does care about this town. He's been here all his life. \" Sessions will receive$3, 600 a year during his four-year term, and will work out of his bedroom since the town does not provide the mayor with an office. \n Answer: Sessions felt disappointed when asked about his age and experience.",
            "output": [
                "What is TRUE of Sessions' election campaign according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e34ebcbf22c14ccbb40725fddc6b7202",
            "input": "Article: The Harbourside Development is one of the world's most exciting places to shop. It is right on the edge of Sydney Harbour, and there are over 200 shops, selling everything from home-made sweets to the latest clothes in fashion; from Australian souvenirs to Swiss watches and Japanese cameras.  The Australian Wildlife Park has been specially built to give people an extra close look at Australia's native animals. Have your photo taken with a kangaroo, touch and feed koala bears. There are talks every afternoon about these animals, which are only found in this part of the world. There is also an excellent souvenir shop.  A visit to the Australian Museum is like an adventure across Australia. There are shows on the people and their way of life, and the whole continent. Talks and guided tours help to make your visit unforgettable. There is also a cafe and a good book shop, selling excellent maps.  Taronga Zoo has Australia's finest collection of rainforest birds and sea-life centre which has many of the fish that can be found off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand. Taronga is also famous for its large group of South East Asian monkeys. Fast food can be got at cafes. \n Answer: The Harbourside Development and the Australian Wildlife Park.",
            "output": [
                "According to the text, where can a tourist get souvenirs in Sydney?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fb2d8621853542028379633a54c35539",
            "input": "Article: The Swiss army knife is a popular device that is recognized all over the world. In Switzerland, there is a saying that every good Swiss citizen has one in his or her pocket. But the knife had poor beginnings. In the late nineteenth century, the Swiss army issued  its soldiers a gun that required a special screwdriver  to take it apart and clean it. At the same time, canned food was becoming common in the army. Swiss generals decided to issue each soldier a standard knife to serve both as a screwdriver and a can opener.  _ was a lifesaver for Swiss knife makers, who were struggling to compete with cheaper German imports. In 1884, Carl Elsener, head of the Swiss knife manufacturer(maker) Victorinox, seized that opportunity with both hands, and designed a soldier's knife that the army loved. It was a simple knife with one big blade , a can opener, and a screwdriver. A few years after the soldier's knife was issued, the \"Schweizer Offizier Messer,\" or Swiss Officer's Knife, came on the market. Interestingly, the Officer's Knife was never given to those serving in the army. The Swiss army purchasers considered the new model with a corkscrew  for opening wine not \"essential for survival,\" so officers had to buy this new model by themselves. But its special multi-functional design later launched  the knife as a global brand. After the Second World War, a great number of American soldiers were stationed in Europe. And as they could buy the Swiss army knife at shops on army bases, they bought huge quantities of them. However, it seems that \"Schweizer Offizier Messer\" was too difficult for them to say, so they just called it the Swiss army knife, and that is the name it is now known by all over the world. \n Answer: To explain the origin of the Swiss army knife.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-895094edfd68444796d6d096fbed3ec1",
            "input": "Article: Campers Gene and Marie Marsden took pride in being good citizens when in the wild. While driving miles to the Green River Lakes area, they taught their children what they had learned in the bear safety handbook put out by the Bridger-Teton Forest Service. Mr. and Mrs. Marsden did their best to keep a tidy camp. As the handbook had said to hang all food at least ten feet off the ground and four feet out from the trees, they did that and locked their food in their trailer  at night. It was already dark when they went to bed, but they _ the campsite with flashlights, making sure nothing was left out. Following the bear book's advice, they slept a hundred yards from where they cooked their food, and kept the car near their tents, separated from the trailer, which they left up at the other camp. The Marsdens liked having their dog Spike on guard. But on the first night, Spike would not stop barking. When Marie Marsden pulled the tent open and shone her flashlight, she saw a young bear. They all piled into the car and drove quickly down the path, calling out of the window to Spike and abandoning the trailer. They drove to a pay phone and called a Fish and Game Department guard, who identified the bear by the white ring of the fur the Marsdens had seen around his neck. The authorities informed the Marsdens that the bear was a young male that they'd been keeping an eye on. The next morning, the Marsdens heard helicopters circling over the mountain and wondered if it might have something to do with the bear. After spending the night in the public campground, they drove back to their site. Wandering the area in search of clues, Marie came to a stop below a tall tree. She slapped her head and shouted, \"Oh no!\" \"What is it?\" Gene asked. Marie pointed at the ground where Spike's dog food bowl lay upside down. A week after their return home, the Marsdens read the headline in their local paper. \"Bear Killed in Wind Rivers.\" According to the article, the Fish and Game Department had shot the young bear because, having been rewarded for invading  a human campsite, it would likely to do so again. The Marsdens knew they had been lucky in the encounter, yet much to their shame and sadness, they also knew that the bear had not. \n Answer: They did what the bear safety handbook had said.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the Marsdens?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1982fe38a21a48feb387ec3f032af3df",
            "input": "Article: Spending hours playing violent video games prevents teenagers from their moral growth, a study has found.It is thought that regular touch to violence and lack of contact with the outside world makes it harder for them to tell right from wrong.They also struggle to trust other people,and see the world from their viewpoints.     Researchers from Brock University in Ontario found that those who spend more than three hours each day in front of the screen are particularly unlikely to have developed the ability to empathise .     The Canadian researchers surveyed 109 boys and girls,aged 13 and 14,about whether they played video games,which games they liked,and how long they spent playing them.Their findings found that 88 percent of teens said they played games,and more than half admitted to playing games everyday.Violent games were among the most popular.     The teenagers also filled in a questionnaire designed to measure their moral development.For example,they were asked how important it is to save the life of a friend.     Previous studies have suggested that a person's moral judgement goes through four phases as they grow from children and enter adulthood.By the age of 13 or 14,scientists claim young people should be entering the third stage,and be able to empathise with others and take their viewpoints into account.The research found that this stage appeared to be delayed in teenagers who regularly played violent video games.     It is also thought that teenagers who play games regularly did not spend enough time in the real world to learn to take other's thoughts into consideration.Researcher Mirjana Bajovic said:\"The present results indicate that some teenagers;who spent three or more hours a day playing violent video games,are deprived of such opportnnities.\"Writing in the journal Educational Media International.the researchers added:\"Touch to violence in video games may influence the development of moral reasoning because violence is not only presented as acceptable but is also justified and rewarded.\"     They concluded that rather than trying to enforce an'unrealistic'ban on the games, parents and teachers should encourage teenagers to do charity work and take up after-school activities. \n Answer: Getting teens hard to take others into consideration.",
            "output": [
                "What would be the result of playing violent video games?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9c2e28a981e74baf9430c42276e867ce",
            "input": "Article: In the past, friendships were greatly limited by time, space and attention; increasing home and workplace mobility has made it even harder to keep social relations over time. Through a combination of user controls, new technologies and changing standards of social behavior, Facebook is freeing us from these limitations, making friendships more accessible, pleasant and diverse than ever before. First, Facebook allows you to find and rediscover friends and then reminds you of these connections, so that you are less likely to fall out of touch with the long-lost school friend, or the family member in a different country. 'Second, Facebook creates an environment that allows you to interact easily with others : you can share your photos,videos,links and thoughts with your friends, and respond to what they share in turn. Third, Facebook's unique technical system helps you to discover your friends,most valuable stories. These technologies allow people to keep and enrich friendships that they might otherwise have been unable to keep. The effect of this is very great. A recent study by Keith Hampton for the Pew Internet and American Life Project discovered that users of social networking websites have larger, more diverse social circles, online and offline. This outcome comes at no cost to one's closest relationships, which are kept in person and over the phone. Instead, the hour that the average user spends each day socializing on Facebook comes at the expense of less social activities, such as the three or so hours a day the average person spends watching television. Time may limit our ability to keep social ties, but our desire for social communication is limitless. Just as boats have allowed us to cross oceans and vehicles have allowed us to move mountains, Facebook is a tool that allows us to stay more deeply connected with a larger and more diverse set of friends. \n Answer: Change the behavior towards your friends.",
            "output": [
                "What can you do with the help of Facebook according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ac75f6402924697ae88e01855ec5fe8",
            "input": "Article: An evergreen tree is a Christmas tradition in many American homes. The tree is usually a pine or fir dressed with lights and other color1ful decorations. Families might buy a cut tree or go to a tree farm and cut one down themselves. Some people bring a live tree in a pot into their home for the holidays and then put it back outdoors. Some people rent a Christmas tree. Companies might bring the same live tree to the same family year after year. Or the tree might get planted in a park or someplace else where it could help the environment. There are some trees that can be reused year after year because they are made of plastic or metal. Or, instead of a tree, some people have a small, sweet-smelling rosemary   plant, cut to look like a little Christmas tree. Another plant that many people connect with Christmas is the poinsettia  . Poinsettias are native to Mexico. They can be white or pink, but most are bright red. They are named after the first American ambassador to Mexico. Joel Poinsett liked them enough to send some back to the United States. Babies or pets that chew on poinsettias might get sick. But experts say the plant is not as poisonous as some people think. Like millions of other houses, the home of America's first president is decorated for Christmas. George Washington's Mount Vernon Estate is in Virginia. Visitors can hear stories about what Christmas was like at Mount Vernon in the eighteenth century. The museum where visitors begin their tour is decorated with Christmas trees. \n Answer: The history of Christmas in America.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-92e6cfd6d54f459eade358cb55cfd0b1",
            "input": "Article: Chinese people are now living happier and longer than before. According to the latest study, the number of people over 60 years old is 130 million, making up 10 percent of the whole population, and increases at a rate of 3 percent per year. This marks that China has stepped into the aged society. It is the Chinese tradition to respect, love, support, and help old people, and the aging problem has received more and more attention from the society.    China has built the system to protect and serve old people's legal   rights and interests, gradually developed social insurance, public health services and social welfare   projects for old people, and also applied the minimum living standard protection   system for the aged who are unable to work and receive no supports. Now, China is bringing the aging problem into the work of sustainable   development according to China's conditions, to build and develop a social security system for old people, set up a system combined with the state, collectives   and families to solve the problem of \"the elderly should be provided for\". The life of China's old people is more color1ful along with the fast and sound economic development of the country.    Old people in today's China who don't have to consider their food and clothing hope to live more color1fully. The happy psychology   of the aged makes them  _ knowledge. Strong and healthy old people can be seen everywhere of the country. They learn new knowledge, surf the Internet, practice handwriting and drawing, and take part in fashion shows, exercises and entertainments. Their active and sound living attitude encourages the youth around and they are in fact an important role in ensuring a stable and peaceful society. \n Answer: The society hasn't done enough for old people.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOTthe author's idea?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7cd6a18130634b92bb520a5e14640e6f",
            "input": "Article: Lexi Peters, a 14-year-old girl in New York, loves hockey. She's not only good at playing on her after-school team, but also at playing hockey video games. But when Peters played the popular NHL (National Hockey League) games made by Electronic Arts, something really bothered her. The virtual   character in the game could only be a boy -- not a girl. She didn't think that was reasonable. There must be many girls playing hockey in the US. So she wrote a letter to Electronic Arts. \"Being represented by a man is unfair to women and girl hockey players,\" Peters wrote. \"Women's hockey is a fast-growing sport. I am confident that I'm not the only woman interested in the opportunity to create herself in the game.\" Several weeks later, Peters received an unexpected e-mail from the senior producer for EA Sports' NHL games, David Littman. \"Hi, Lexi,\" the e-mail began. \"We agree with you!\" Electronic Arts said it would create a female player in the game. \"I was thinking you could be the model,\" Littman wrote. Peters almost couldn't believe it. Later, she sent photos of herself taken at all different angles  . And so, when Electronic Arts released the newest version of their game, NHL 12, this fall, Peters was the face of the female player. She can now skate with the NHL's great players. \"It's strange at first, but you get used to it,\" said Peters. \"It's really funny and cool.\" For Peters, there is also an important lesson that she will take with her the rest of her life. \"If you have something to say, and you think it's important, go for it!\" she said. \n Answer: There was no girl character in the game.",
            "output": [
                "What bothered Peters when playing NHL games?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-85766ce97fc94ec8b5503b4e7f8e5501",
            "input": "Article: As the forceful king of Macedonia , Alexander the Great overthrew the Persian Empire, becoming a hero that would survive centuries after his death. Born in 356 B.C., Alexander III was the son of Philip II and Olympias. Alexander's parents wanted him to receive the finest education, and arranged for him to study under Aristotle, regarded as one of the greatest scholars. Alexander's father was a strong leader. Philip II built an impressive army and established the Macedonian kingdom; he was even planning to attack Persia shortly before his death. In 336, Philip was murdered by one of his guards. Although it was obvious that the guard had a personal hatred, there are clues that other people were related to it. After Alexander was cleared as a suspect, he succeeded his father without opposition, and killed those said to be responsible for his father's murder, as well as all rivals. He was then just 20 years old. He then prepared to attack Persia. In the spring of 334, Alexander led the army made up of nearly 50,000 soldiers into Asia, which is called \"the most powerful military expedition ever to leave Greece\", He soundly defeated the Persian army at the Granicus River, sending a strong message to Darius III, leader of the Persian Empire. In 333, Alexander faced Darius at Issus, a mountain pass. The Macedonian army was greatly outnumbered but able to work the narrow mountain passageway to their advantage. Darius managed to escape. Continuing down the Mediterranean Coast, Alexander took every city in his path. In 332 Alexander declared Egypt to be part of the Greek Empire and was crowned Pharaoh . When Alexander left Egypt in 331, he defeated the Persians again and was crowned leader of Asia. In 323, however, Alexander developed a fever on the way back home and died 10 days later at Babylon. He was just 33 years old. \n Answer: The murder might be organized by a group of people.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about Philip's death?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e1e619b197224f4f989ad09c40f424e6",
            "input": "Article: The words \"timetable\" and \"schedule\" make most final year students want to eat their own vomit. Unfortunately, the harsh reality is that final year students must develop a timetable. If you don't have a schedule or plan for studying, you will have no way of allocating your valuable time when the unexpected arises. A well-thought-out timetable can be a lifesaver. It is up to you to learn how to develop a schedule that meets your needs. Change it if necessary, but most important, follow it . All timetables should be made with the idea that they can be changed. A good one will keep you from wandering off course. A good timetable should make every hour count--every class ,social event and other activity you engage in .You must focus on the other \"free time\" available and how you will use it .Make a weekly schedule and divided each day into one-hour increments. Indicate times for classes, socializing, and work time. Also block off a period for sleeping every day. In the precious hours left over, plan time for study. This gives you a rough road map of the time available. Of course, you can change your schedule as circumstances need. The timetable you develop should guide you in how to distribute the available time in the most productive manner. Sticking to your schedule can be tough, but don't dribble away valuable time. Avoiding study is the easiest thing in the world. It is up to you to follow the schedule you've prepared. A good deal of your success in high school and with any future study depends on this simple truth. Remember, there is a learning curve. You learn the most in the first 30 minutes of study; after that, it progressively deteriorates. After four or five hours of studying the same material in the same way, you are learning virtually nothing. The solution is to keep switching subjects and study styles. \n Answer: Learn to love your timetable",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-38b1169730d6445d8f36dc6236326896",
            "input": "Article: My son loves video games very much. He spends hours every day playing video games in his room. Is there anyredeeming educational value to video games? Some seem like they could help him learn strategy. But I worry others may be too violent ornumb his mind. Cecilia Some games may improve kids' hand-eye coordination and problem-solving skills. Games that require kids to actually move ormanipulate the game through their own physical movement can even get _ kids moving, though not as much as they could if they actually played outside or participated in sports or other outdoor acuities. Others, though, don't have such benefits, and violent video games have been shown that they might increase kid's aggressive behavior. Like a lot of aspects of raising kids, when it comes to video games, the healthiest approach is actually self-control. The American academy of Pediatrics(AAP) recommends that kids should spend no more than 2 hours each day on screen time, including watching TV or movies, or playing computer or video games. So consider setting limits at least that strict to keep game playing from affecting their schoolwork, household responsibilities, and the physical activity your son needs very day. Make sure that he's playing games which are suitable for his age group. All video games are rated and labeled by the Entertainment Software Rating Board. Steer clear of any rated \"M\" for mature. Those are for ages 17 and older and can contain heavy-duty violence, strong language, and sexual content. Try to keep the video gameconsole in a common area of the house, not your son's room. That way you can catch any inappropriate content in the games he's playing, and he'll be in a position to interact with others in the house while he's playing. Make sure your son has appealing alternatives, too, such as sports, activities, opportunities to socialize with peers; and downtime to be creative. If you continue to have concerns about his video game activity, talk with your doctor. Reviewed by:Mary L. Gavin, MD \n Answer: Whether it's beneficial or harmful depends on what the video games are.",
            "output": [
                "What is the opinion of Mary L. Gavin about playing video games?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a482de3ceea49dc9a9b94b476ff9a30",
            "input": "Article: English has now achieved global status (position). Whenever we turn on the news to find out what's happening in East Asia, or Africa, or South America, or anywhere, local people are being interviewed and telling us about it in English. Indeed, if one looks at the facts about the amazing reach of the English language, he or she would be surprised. English is used in over 90 countries as an official or semi-official language. English is the working language of many international colleges as well as of most international research scientists. It is believed that over one billion people worldwide are learning English now. One of the most remarkable sides of the spread of English around the world has been the extent   to which Europeans are accepting it as their language. English is spreading from northern Europe to the south and is now firmly set up as a second language in countries such as Sweden, Norway, Netherlands and Denmark. If one visits any of them , it would seem that almost everyone there can communicate with ease in English. Recently, a special survey of Europeans' use of languages has just been published. The report said that English is the most widely known foreign language now, with 43% of Europeans saying they speak it and that Sweden now holds the most of English speakers, with over 89% of the population. What's more, English is the language _ as the most useful language to know, with over 77% of Europeans who do not speak English as their first language considering it useful. English has without doubt become the global language. \n Answer: About 77% of Swedes are English speakers now.",
            "output": [
                "About English, which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8dfef5ac976f44f0b792490e2bc6db12",
            "input": "Article: Greece's finance minister says his country's financial situation is \"terribly urgent\" and the crisis could come to a head in a couple of weeks. Yanis Varoufakis gave the warning after eurozone finance ministers met in Brussels to discuss the final EUR7.2bn tranche  of Greece's EUR240bn EU/IMF bailout . Ministers said Greece had made \"progress\" but more work was needed. The Greek government is struggling to meet its payment obligations . Earlier, Greece began the transfer of EUR750m (PS544m, $834m) in debt interest to the International Monetary Fund -- a day ahead of a payment deadline. \"The liquidity  issue is a terribly urgent issue. It's common knowledge, let's not beat around the bush,\" Mr Varoufakis told reporters in Brussels. \"From the perspective of timing, we are talking about the next couple of weeks.\" Greece has until the end of June to reach a reform deal with its international creditors. Its finances are running so low that it has had to ask public bodies for help. The crisis has raised the prospect that Greece might default  on its debts and leave the euro. In a statement, the eurozone finance ministers said they \"welcomed the progress that has been achieved so far\" in the negotiations,\" but added: \"We acknowledged that more time and effort are needed to bridge the gaps on the remaining open issues.\" Eurogroup chairman Jeroen Dijsselbloem said there had to be a full deal on the bailout  before Greece received any further payments. \"There are time constraints(;) and liquidity constraints and hopefully we will reach an agreement before time runs out and before money runs out.\" he said. There had been fears that Greece would default on its IMF debt repayment due on Tuesday. However, a Greek finance ministry official was quoted as saying that the order for repayment had been executed  on Monday. Almost EUR1bn has been handed over to the IMF in interest payments since the start of May. It is unclear how the government came up with the funds, but the mayor of Greece's second city Thessaloniki revealed last week that he had handed over cash reserves in response to an appeal for money. \n Answer: He is Greece's finance minister.",
            "output": [
                "What is Yanis Varoufakis?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8583f139613b457b8f2d3cd4f133a18c",
            "input": "Article: Paperback: 264 pages Publisher:. Sams (March 29,2005) ISBN: 0672327627 Product Dimensions: 8.4x5.5x0.6 inches OVERVIEW This book offers straightforward practical answers when you need fast results. By working through each 10-minute lesson, you'll learn what you need to begin to use the PHP scripting language to make your websites interactive and dynamic. REVIEW When I first laid eyes on this book and its title, Teach Yourself PHP in 10 minutes, my first thought was that I was going to see this!  So I opened it up and figured I'd look through it for ten minutes and see what would hit me. Well, 10 minutes turned into 20, 20 into 30 and 30 into a valuable resource that sits on my desk. Not only are the lessons within brief, but they are very easy to understand, well presented and very easy to understand for the beginner. Each lesson comes with tips to point out shortcuts, cautions to help you avoid common mistakes and notes to additional infomation. This book can be used in two ways, as a reference or as a complete tutorial on PHP basics. That alone is something that is very rare in teaching type books these days. Some of the more valuable and informative lessons will take you into the areas of: --Strings and variables --Processing HTML forms --Controlling and filtering data --User authentication --Cookies and sessions --Security practices --Configuring PHP and more!!! The book is pretty basic for experienced PHP coders, but for new or intermediate users this book is worth more than the small $19.99 CAN suggested price. Although the cover suggests it covers PHP 5.0, the coding found within also applies to PHP 4.X CONCLUSION This book completely surprised me with its value and does indeed teach you in ten minutes what other books claim to do in 24 hours. Full marks to author Chris Newman for this handy guide. \n Answer: In a section for ads in a website.",
            "output": [
                "Where can you see this short passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e9875b43dccb4edd855fb782398fc82a",
            "input": "Article: Well-known companies are powered by their names and reputations. When people walk into a Pizza Hut in Tokyo, Rome, or Miami, they know exactly what they are getting. Through franchising, an investor   can make use of this brand power by opening a Pizza Hut of his or her own. The risk is low, and the rewards can be big. No wonder franchising is such a successful business model. Franchising had been around for more than 100 years, but its popularity took off in the 1950s. Leading the trend were fast food restaurant like McDonald's. These days, there are franchises in more than eighty-five industries, including dry cleaning, hotels and supermarkets. It's a very big business. In the US, there are some 760,000 franchises, totaling more than $1.5 trillion in yearly revenues (income). There are two sides in a franchise: the franchisor--the owner of the business system and the franchisee--the person who licenses the system. After signing a \"franchise agreement\", the franchisee pays a fee. He or she also pays for equipment, supplies, and, if necessary, building costs. The total investment usually ranges from $10,000 to $1,000,000. After the business opens, the franchisee also pays a percentage of sales revenues--called a royalty--to the franchisor. Marking fees must also be paid. In return, the franchisee receives many benefits. Training is among the most common ones. It includes everything from dealing with customers to understanding the company's standards. The franchisor also handles advertising. On top of that, there's the benefit of the brand reputation that the company has built up. All of these benefits make the risk of opening a franchise much smaller than that of starting a business from scratch. However, a franchise can also have drawbacks. If a customer at a single restaurant gets sick, it may hurt every franchise in the system. Running a franchise also means closely following the company's standards. So, one has to give up a degree of independence. You have to do things their way and trust that the system will work. If you want to earn a lot of money from the business, you have to work hard. Also, remember that the monthly royalty must be paid, even if you are losing money. However, there are thousands of opportunities in franchising. They will surely grow as brand recognition becomes more important in the global economy . \n Answer: A permission given by a company for selling its goods.",
            "output": [
                "What does the word \"franchise\" mean in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c43fe3ee8d414b7b95afe6a46a5eaa0e",
            "input": "Article: People People is America's No.1 magazine about fascinating people.It's a guide to who and what's  hot in the arts,science,business,politics,television,movies,books,music and sports.It is published weekly. Publisher:The Time Inc.Magazine Company Cover Price:$211.47 Our Price:$117.00 Issues:53 issues/12 months Lucky Lucky is the shopping magazine with the best buys,and the fashion tips you'll need before you hit the stores.What makes Lucky really special is that it gets you the information you need before anyone else has it. Publisher:Conde Nast Publications Inc. Cover Price:$35.40 Our Price:$15.00 Issues:12 issues/12 months Parents The most trusted magazine for parents who want to raise smart,loving and self-confident children.Each issue has age-specific child-development guidance,advice on your child's health and safety,and the best ways to encourage your child's learning. Publisher:Meredith Corporation Cover Price:$42.00 Our Price:$9.97 Issues:12 issues/12 months Entertainment This magazine covers movies,television,music,Broadway stage productions,books,and popular culture.Unlike _ like People,its main concentration is on entertainment media and reviews.It's intended for a more general audience. Publisher:The Time Inc.Magazine Company Cover Price:$199.50 Our Price:$38.95 Issues:57 issues/12 months \n Answer: Entertainment.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following targets common readers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-10b37348056244d9ba106cfcd54d030c",
            "input": "Article: (1)Paul Smith's College The   College of Nature Experience a different kind of classroom: 14,200 acres of forests, lakes and streams, a hotel and a restaurant, 99% placement upon graduation. Two-and-four-year degree programs. PO. Box 265 Paul Smiths, NY12970 1-800-421-2605 www.paulsmiths.edu (2) SIMMONS COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES AND MODERN STUDIES Simmons educates women to achieve their work and life goals. More than 40 majors. Lie in the heart of Boston. U.S .News & World Report ranks Simmons among the top state universities in the North and among the best values. 617-521-2051 www.simmons.edu (3)  ST.MARYS UNTVERSITY Personal Attention Powerful Programs Experience the technology of today at our co-educational university One Camino Santa Maria Utah 78228-8503[:++Z+X+X+K] 800-FOR-SIMU www.stmarytx.edu (4) Northern University A famous private university with 3,200 students in Colleges of Arts & Sciences *Business and Engineering *Medicine and Law Among the top ten by U.S. News and World Report Old Union 232 CA 94305-3005 650-723-2091 \n Answer: Northern.",
            "output": [
                "If a man wishes to study business and in a non-state-run university, which of the following is her favorite?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2ab2887fb06e468e9294c708265815ad",
            "input": "Article: Brave Frenchman Found Half-way Around the World (NEW YORK) A French tourist highly praised for rescuing a two-year-old girl in Manhattan said he didn't think twice before diving into the freezing East River. Tuesday's Daily News said 29-year who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Saturday. He lifted the little girl out of the water after she fell off the bank at the South Street Scaport museum. He handed the girl to her father, David Anderson, who had dived in after him. \"I didn't think at all,\" Duret told the Daily News. \"It happened very fast. I reacted very fast. \" Duret, an engineer on vacation ,was walking with his girlfriend along the pier when he saw something falling into the water . He thought it was a doll, but realized it was a child when he approached the river. In an instant ,he took off his coat and jumped into the water. When he reached the girl, she appeared lifeless, he said . Fortunately, when she was out of the water, she opened her eyes. Anderson said his daughter slipped off the bank when he was adjusting his camera. An ambulance came later for her, said Duret, who was handed dry clothes from cookers. Duret caught a train with his girlfriend shortly after. The rescue happened on the day before he left for France. Duret said he didn't realize his tale of heroism until he was leaving the next morning . \"I don't really think I'm a hero,\" said Duret. \"Anyone would do the same ting. \" \n Answer: To visit the Andersons.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Duret in New York?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-563529d277c04396986c23d99bd228fb",
            "input": "Article: After a lot of weightlifting and 25 exhausting days training, a 52-year-old woman recently became the first female \"gripman\" on San Francisco's historic cable cars. Fannie Barnes passed her written test and completed a final run under the watchful eye of a supervisor, Municipal Railway spokesman Alan Siegel said. Deep calluses  are already forming at the base of her fingers and there is a hole in her glove. Two other women quit after a single day with injured muscles. \"Now they're going to have to change the word from gripman to grip person, just because of me,\" Barnes said earlier, \"I'm so excited.\" After almost a year of serious workouts, Barns can pull more than 61 kilos, only 23 kilos less than her body weight. And she'll need the muscle, for this is no modern, push-button technology. Every time a car starts up again after making a stop, the gripman must haul back on a lever controlling a device that grips the cable, which runs continuously at 14 kilometers per hour. If the grip slips, so does the car. A second person operates the brakes. In addition to having to throw her weight around on the job, she's got to throw out some attitude to men who were hard to convince. The city employs 76 men in the job. \"A lot of men said mean things to me and didn't want to help train me. But I would like to thank the guys who were against me because they gave me even more inspiration to do it.\" she said. Not all the men were against her. Many of the male colleagues yelled out support as she did her training runs. One of her biggest tests was drizzly December morning. She first went down the Hyde Street Hill, considered the most dangerous incline on the cable car routes. \"I had to have the will and I had to believe I could do it,\" she said. \"It was scary, but as I started going down full grip and felt that I was in control, I knew I was on my way,\" Barnes already is a pioneer of sorts. She started working as a cable car conductor six years ago, collecting fares and assisting on the back brake. She is one of only three women to have that job. But she said she always wanted the job up front on the car. (400) \n Answer: She is the first women to work as a gripman.",
            "output": [
                "What is unusual about Fannie Barnes getting a job as a gripman?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4da42bc3b8fb4ddbafeee5fd1893c131",
            "input": "Article: You're rushing to work and a man ahead of you collapses on the sidewalk. Do you stop to help? In a study of by-standers, it was found that some people avert their gaze and keep on  walking rather than stop and get involved. \"There is a tendency to decide that no action is needed.\" says a psychologist. \"The first thoughts that pop into your mind often keep you from offering help. In order to take action, you have to work against them.\" Here are some common thoughts that might prevent you from helping. * Why should I be the one? I'm probably not the most competent  person in this crowd. You might think someone older or with more medical knowledge should offer assistance. * What if he doesn't really need my help? The fear of embarrassment is powerful; no one wants to risk looking foolish in front of others. * No one else looks concerned- this must not be a problem. We can follow the people around us, but most people tend to hold back their emotions in public. \"If you spot trouble and find yourself explaining inaction, force yourself to stop and evaluate the situation instead of walking on,\" says the psychologist. \"Then retry to involve other people; you don't have to take on the entire responsibility of being helpful. Sometimes it's just a matter of turning to the person next to you and saying, 'It looks like we should do something.' Or asking someone if an ambulance has been called and, if not, to call for one. Once you take action, most people will follow you.\" \n Answer: It looks like we should do something.",
            "output": [
                "Which is NOT the common thought that stops you from helping others?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9469061f2965445cb032b6de337ffb82",
            "input": "Article: Experts have put forward detailed plans for a tunnel to join Taiwan with the Chinese mainland. The shortest proposed route would be 126 kilometers--more than twice the length of the English Channel Tunnel.And the longest proposed route would be 207 kilometers. A recent conference in xiamen,Fujian Province brought together more than 70 experts.The event was cosponsored by universities from Taiwan and the Chinese mainland.Fujian is the province where both proposed mutes would begin. There is no direct passenger access between the mainland and Taiwan by air or sea at the moment. Experts say that it is better to start research sooner rather than later,although there is a lack of government funding .There  are no technical problems t0 build a Taiwan tunnel.But it will require an improved political relationship across the Straits. A professor of TsinghHa University said,\"A special feature of  huge projects is that the period of preparation is longer than the  period of construction.\" For example,he said,the English channel Tunnel took 14 years of planning and had been discussed for two centuries.And preparations for the huge Three Corges dam on the Yangze River began in the 1950s. The xiamen conference focused on the longest southern route,which would  use the Taiwan-controlled  islands of Jinmen  and Penghu as steppingstones. The first stage of the new project could be a bridge to cross the five kilometers between Xiamen and Jinmen.This would mean that traveling from Xiamen to Jinmen by car would only take five minutes. The longest tunnel now being planned anywhere in the world is the 54-kilometer land tunnel to link Lyon in France with Turin in  Italy.The tunnel will not be completed until 2015-2020. \n Answer: The passage doesn't mention it.",
            "output": [
                "Which is the longest tunnel in the world at present?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4de82395677e4baf91322a9e7ca8f586",
            "input": "Article: SHANGHAI (Reuters) - A stampede killed at least 35 people and injured 43 during New Year's Eve celebrations in Shanghai, on the city's popular waterfront tourist attraction known as the Bund , authorities said. The Shanghai government said that large crowds started to stampede in Chen Yi Square on the Bund just before midnight, with authorities working to rescue and aid the wounded. It was not immediately clear what triggered the stampede. The official Xinhua news agency said many of the injured were students. The government said on its official microblog  that an inquiry had begun, with city leaders rushing to the scene and to hospitals to visit the injured. An emergency meeting would be held to ensure stepped-up safety measures were taken throughout the city. Photographs on Weibo, the Chinese version of Twitter, showed densely packed crowds of revelers along the Bund, which is lined with buildings from Shanghai's pre-communist period on the bank of the Huangpu River. In some photographs, rescue workers were seen trying to resuscitate victims lying on the pavement while ambulances waited nearby. Authorities had shown some concern about crowd control in the days leading up to New Year's Eve. They recently canceled an annual 3D laser show on the Bund that last year attracted as many as 300,000 people. At dawn on Thursday, there were still small crowds of revelers trying to find taxis home and workers were clearing up trash strewn around the Bund. There was little sign of the mayhem that had broken out just hours earlier. (Reporting by Ben Blanchard and Pete Sweeney; Editing by Howard Goller and Mark Bendeich) \n Answer: An accident that killed some people.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ed70a700dba0438c809d5b05ccbe0104",
            "input": "Article: A long time ago there lived a poor slave whose name was Aesop. His face was white, but very homely. When Aesop was about twenty nine years old ,his master lost a great deal of money and was determined to sell his slaves. To do this, he had to take them to a large city where there was a slave market. The city was far away, and the slaves must walk the whole distance. A number of bundles  were made up for them to carry. Some of these bundles contained the things they would need on the road. \"Choose your bundles, boys,\" said the master. \"There is one for each of you.\" Aesop at once chose the largest one. The other slaves laughed and said he was foolish. But he threw it upon his shoulders and seemed well satisfied. The next day, the laugh was the other way. For the bundle which he had chosen had contained the food for the whole party. \"Aesop is a wise fellow,\" said his master. \"The man who buys him must pay a high price.\" A very rich man, whose name was Xanthus, wanted a servant. As the slaves stood before him he asked each one to tell what kind of work he could do. All were eager to be bought by Xanthus because they knew he would be a kind master. So each one boosted of his skill in doing some sort of labor. One was a fine gardener; another could take care of horses; a third was a good cook; a fourth could manage a household. \"And what can you do, Aesop?\" asked   Xanthus. \"Nothing,\" he answered. \"Nothing? How is that?\" \"Because, since these other slaves do everything, there is nothing left for me to perform,\" said Aesop. This answer pleased the rich man so well that he bought Aesop at once, and took him to his home on the island of Samos. In Samos the little slave soon became known for his wisdom and courage. He often amused his master and his master's friends by telling funny stories. His master was so much pleased with him that he gave him his freedom. \n Answer: Because the master was in need of money",
            "output": [
                "Why did the slaves' master want to sell his slaves?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18f7b84240ed4fcbabb725211a007276",
            "input": "Article: Hi, everybody. Over the past couple months, most of the political headlines you've read have probably been about the government shutdown and the launch of the Affordable Care Act . And I know that many of you have rightly never been more frustrated with Washington. But if you look beyond those headlines, there are some good things happening in our economy. And that's been my top priority since the day I walked into the Oval Office. After decades in which the middle class was working harder and harder just to keep up, and a punishing recession that made it worse, we made the tough choices required not just to recover from crisis, but to rebuild on a new foundation for stronger, more durable economic growth. Five years later, we have fought our way back. Our businesses have created 7.8 million new jobs in the past 44 months. Another 200,000 Americans went back to work last month. The American auto industry has come back with more than 350,000 new jobs --- jobs putting out and selling the high-tech, fuel-efficient cars the world wants to buy. And they're leading the charge in a business that has added jobs for the first time since the 1990s --- a big reason why our businesses sell more goods and services \"Made in America\" than ever before. We decided to stop our addiction to foreign oil. And today, we produce more renewable energy than ever, more natural gas than anybody, and for the first time in nearly 20 years, America now produces more oil than we buy from other countries. We decided to fix a broken health care system. And even though the task has been rough, so far, about 500,000 Americans gain health coverage starting January 1st. And by the way, health care costs are growing at the slowest rate in 50 years. And one more thing: since I took office, we've cut our deficits   by more than half. And that makes it easier to invest in the things that create jobs --- education, research, and so on. Imagine how much farther along we could be if both parties were working together. Think about what we could do if the few didn't hold the economy hostage   every few months, or waste time on dozens of votes to _ the Affordable Care Act rather than try to help us fix it. In the weeks ahead, I'll keep talking about my plan to build a better bargain for the middle class. Good jobs. A good education. A chance to buy a home, save, and retire. And yes, the financial security of affordable health care. And I'll look for any willing partners who want to help. Because of your hard work and tough sacrifices over the past five years, we're pointed in the right direction. But we've got more work to do to keep moving that way. And as long as I'm President, I'll keep doing everything I can to create jobs, grow the economy, and make sure that everyone who works hard has a chance to get ahead. Thanks, and have a great weekend. \n Answer: Cancelling the Affordable Care Act",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not the reason for people's frustration with the government?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0d586f82e6554025b943b25e5b92d1a8",
            "input": "Article: Peanuts to This Proudly reading my words,I glanced around the room,only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.Confused,I glanced toward my stonefaced teacher.Having no choice,I slowly raised the report I had slaved over,hoping to hide myself.\"What could be causing everyone to act this way?\" Quickly,I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task.This was the first real task I received in my new school.It seemed simple:go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington.Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country,I had never heard of that name before.As I searched the name of this fellow,it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different!One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts,while the other led some sort of army across America.I stared at the screen,wondering which one my teacher meant.I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice:flip  a coin.Heads--the commander,and tails--the peanut guy.Ah!Tails,my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter,George Washington Carver. Weeks later,standing before this unfriendly mass,I was totally lost.Oh well,I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, _ to find out what I had done wrong.As a classmate began his report,it all became clear,\"My report is on George Washington,the man who started the American Revolution.\"The whole world became quiet!How could I know that she meant that George Washington? Obviously,my grade was awful.Heartbroken but fearless,I decided to turn this around.I talked to Miss Lancelot,but she insisted:No redos;no new grade.I felt that the punishment was not justified,and I believed I deserved a second chance.Consequently,I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year.Ten months later,that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmaster's office with my grandfather,now having an entirely different conversation.I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade.Justice is sweet!       (2012*,B) \n Answer: Ridiculous.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author's classmates think about his report?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3ce126d274064ddba29ef542587c0dca",
            "input": "Article: The world shares him and London claims him, but Stratford-on-Avon intends to spend 2016 celebrating Shakespeare as their man: the bard of Avon, who was born there in 1564, and died there 400 years ago. Stratford remained hugely important throughout Shakespeare's life, argues Paul Edmondson, the head of learning and research at the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. \"People have seen Shakespeare as a Dick Whittington figure, who turns his back on Stratford and his family, goes to London to earn his fortune and only comes back to die,\" he said. \"But Stratford is where he bought land and property, where he kept his library, where he lived and read and thought. We are going to spend the year re-emphasizing the importance of Shakespeare, the man of Stratford.\" The anniversary of the death of the most famous and the most performed playwright in the world will be marked across Britain and the globe. Macbeth is about to open in Singapore, Romeo and Juliet in Brussels. Shakespeare's Globe is completing the first world tour, in which it has taken Hamlet to almost every country. North Korea is still holding out, though. The Globe director recently jokily claimed Shakespeare as a true Londoner. Stratford, however, will be insisting that the town made and educated Shakespeare. \"His old school room in Stratford-on-Avon where Shakespeare learned 'small Latin and less Greek' --as kindly laughed at by his friend Ben Johnson--will open its doors, scarred by centuries of naughty schoolboys, to mark 400th anniversary of Shakespeare's death,\" said Paul Edmondson. Shakespeare bought the splendid New Place, the second best house in the town, when he had made his fortune on the London stage. \"You don't buy a house like New Place and not live there,\" Paul said. He believes that after Shakespeare bought it, all his thinking time was spent there, and that the late plays, including The Tempest, were at least planned in his library and probably written there. \n Answer: His life experiences.",
            "output": [
                "What made people regard Shakespeare as a Dick Whittington figure?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-da1674e358d34b67ab18072c99e7be88",
            "input": "Article: We may have hosted some difficult house guests once or on even more occasions. Are you still worrying about how to deal with them? Here below are some tips on how to deal with those difficult house guests. You've been waiting an hour to eat breakfast but your guests are still sleeping. \"Unless you adjusted a time for breakfast the evening before, let your guests sleep-in and enjoy your breakfast without them. If possible, keep their breakfast warm. Or better yet, when entertaining it's always a good idea to have cold breakfast (as well as lunch, dinner and snack) food on-hand.\" ----Pamela Eyring,president and director of The Protocol School of Washington Your guest's teenage son is a Facebook addict and hogs your computer all day long. \"If you have a guest whose fingers are fixated to your keyboard, kindly let him know that you are expecting work email and give him enough time to finish using it.\" ----Ummu Bradley Thomas, founder of the Freddie Bell Jones Modeling and Finishing School, Inc. Your couch surfing, unemployed nephew has been here a month and is showing no sign of leaving. \"There is nothing wrong with saying 'John, you have been here a month and have not put in any applications. What can I do to help you get your resume together? I would like to make a plan that will assist you in getting back on your feet and allow me to eventually have my extra room back for guests that will soon be arriving.'\" ----Diane Gottsman, owner of The Protocol School of Texas Your guests expect you to accompany them to every single tourist attraction in your city. It's tiring and expensive. \"If your guests didn't offer to treat you, politely decline and offer to meet them afterwards for dinner or drinks. That way they know you enjoy their company.\" ----Pamela Eyring, president and director of The Protocol School of Washington You gave your friend a closet shelf for her stuff but her clothes are thrown all over the place. \"You should simply say 'I am happy to have you use my closet but your clothes seem to have a mind of their own. Would you mind keeping your clothes on the top shelf? It would make it easier for me to find my things when I am in a rush and looking for them. Thank you.'\" ----Diane Gottsman, owner of The Protocol School of Texas \n Answer: Kindly explaining to him you need to use the computer.",
            "output": [
                "According to Ummu Bradley Thomas, which of the following is the best way to deal with the guests?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d4b402044827486998d143517a5642ab",
            "input": "Article: To prevent diabetes  you will get a real jolt ( shock ) when you follow the prescription offered up in the \"Journal of the American Medical Association.\" This 'prestigious' organization reported on separate studies of coffee drinkers in Sweden and Finland. Whiz-bang medical researchers discovered that women could decrease their risk of diabetes by 29 percent when they followed a regimen of drinking three to four cups of coffee a day. The ladies who had the courage to drink 10 or more cups of coffee a day progressed even better. They reduced their risk of diabetes by 79 percent. The men participating in the studies also reduced their risk, but not to the extent as did the women. When men drank three to four cups a day, they reduced their risk of diabetes by 27 percent. The men who drank 10 or more cups of java per day reduced their risk by 55 percent. These results confirm a January report by the equally 'prestigious' Harvard School of Public Health. That report concluded that drinking six 8-ounce cups of coffee a day could reduce diabetes risk in men by about 50 percent and in women by 30 percent. If the numbers have any connection to reality, the more coffee you drink, the better off you are. And that is the rub. The numbers have nothing to do with reality, nothing to do with the truth. Here in America the rate of adult-onset diabetes, or Type 2 diabetes, is growing increasingly. Nowadays it typically shows up in middle-age populations, but the disease is on the rise among ever-younger age groups. Do not step up your coffee consumption in the belief it will help you prevent diabetes. This disease has  ly nothing to do with a lack of coffee drinking. Science and truth are not synonymous. Medical scientists do not deal with truth. The medical scientists who monkey around with coffee drinking merely play with limited and approximate descriptions of reality. In this case, extremely limited and hardly approximate. If you are serious about preventing diabetes, you have to look at the differences between the people of the past who did not get diabetes and the people of today who get diabetes.  _ involves more than merely harping on the fact the younger generation is becoming more overweight and less active. We have plenty of newly discovered diabetics who are active and on the thin side---and they drink lots of coffee. The primary difference between the people of the past who did not get sick and die like we do, and the present lot who become diabetics, is poor nutritional status. The diabetic-in-process has an inadequate intake of nutrients and/or excessive intake of nutrient-poor foods. Conversely , his/her healthy ancestors had a nutrient-rich diet. The nutrient-rich diet of the past contained, minimally, four times the amount of minerals, and ten times the amount of fat-soluble  vitamins found in the American diet of the late 1930's and early 1940's. Folks who learn where health comes from and practice prevention won't become diabetic, and will not need the medical community dosing them with coffee, or any other magic bullet. \n Answer: The writer is annoyed to know it.",
            "output": [
                "What is the writer's attitude towards the result about the research on diabetes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-87924a24728d447594ff1574d0b6b0ee",
            "input": "Article: An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old highly educated son. Suddenly a crow perched on their window. The father asked his son, \"What is this?\" The son replied, \"It is a crow.\" After a few minutes, the father asked his son the 2 time, \"What is this?\" The son said, \"Father, I have just now told you 'It's a crow'.\" After a little while, the old father again asked his son the 3 time, \"What is this?\" At this time some expression of was felt in the son's tone when he said to his father. \"It's a crow, a crow, a crow.\" A little after, the father again asked his son the 4 time, \"What is this?\" This time the son shouted at his father, \"Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again, although I have told you so many times 'IT IS A CROW'. Are you not able to understand this?\" A little later the father went to his room and came back with an old tattered diary, which he had maintained since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page. When the son read it, the following words were written in the diary: \"Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa, when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied to him all 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question again and again for 23 times. I did not at all feel irritated, I rather felt affection for my innocent child.\" \n Answer: Because his son used to love playing this game with him.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the old father keep asking his son the same question?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e62fe5d3f66a48f5b4aea9c828ff86f7",
            "input": "Article: More than ever, kids today have given up reading for activities like watching TV, playing video games and surfing the Internet, but recently a new trend   has been  _ that will hopefully change that.          In fact, book clubs are becoming more popular among American kids. 11-year-old Kenya Debarros read about singer Lena Horne. \"It was just amazing to see a black woman as the star and not just a mammy or a maid,\" she says. But did all these kids come enthusiastically  ? No, not exactly.          \"I like book club, uh, I don't know, but I am just trying it out. My mom didn't make me, but I just tried it out,\" says 16-year-old Antonio Nash.          And if they'll try it, the experts say, there are ways to get them to come back. Make it fun, serve pizza, serve chocolate cakes and have door prizes  . It also helps to connect books to the real world. They talk about things that are happening in the community, so they can relate whatever they've read in the book to what's happening now.          Here they have long talks about the books they have selected, which most kids don't get to do when they're in school, and these kids say, in book clubs they're learning to love books and love reading.          \"I feel like I'm actually in the book and doing what the actual main character is doing,\" says 13-year- -old Justin Woodard.          16-year-old Antonia McManus says reading gives her a nice break from the day, \"Sitting down and reading a book gives me some time to get away from the world, and get my mind straight.\" \n Answer: Book clubs are popular among American kids.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b1e9d054311e421aafd242f80ef70c1c",
            "input": "Article: Many families find that when it comes to a Caribbean getaway, they prefer bigger hotels. If you're considering an Aruba vacation, there are plenty of resorts that will suit your every need. Aruba Marriott Resort and Casino  This resort is on Aruba's famous palm Beach, and has the largest rooms of all Aruba hotels. A recent upgrade gives it a very fashionable look and feel. The resort offers excellent services on site including delicate fine dining and a 24-hour casino. Hyatt Regency Aruba Resort Popular with families, this resort stands out by its style and elegance. The most attractive aspect is the Spanish-style architecture and garden-like grounds. you will find waterfalls flowing into the beautiful man-made lake which add to the relaxing atmosphere. This hotel offers plenty to enjoy. Renaissance Aruba Ocean Suites This resort is absolutely fantastic for families with young children and features 40 acres of private beaches. The pool complex  features several outdoor pools, two pool-side bars, and a swim-up bar. There is also a kids club which offers many activities. Guests at this hotel even have full access to the Radisson Aruba Resort Casino & Spring. Occidental Grand Aruba This resort is set on a beautiful white sandy beach and offers everything from sailing to late-night dancing. There is always plenty to do on the resort free of charge, but if you want to pay a little extra you can book yourself in for deep-sea fishing, golf, or private tennis lessons. \n Answer: Its style and elegance.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main characteristic of Hyatt Regency Aruba Resort?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-964c9bb981834b2e89d80bafcf045e6f",
            "input": "Article: Doctors' moonlighting is becoming popular in hospitals around China. It has not only raised a lot of heated discussions in the media, but also caught the attention of the central government in Beijing. On December 26, a spokesman of the Ministry of Health stressed that the ministry was firmly against doctors' moonlighting, while strict regulations should be applied to doctors taking part-time jobs, the Xinhua News Agency reported. Last year, the Ministry sent out a notice to a variety of health organizations to speed up the reform of their personnel   system. According to the notice, medical organizations can hire medical experts as part-time doctors but such activities should take place under the hospital's management and regulations . As for moonlighting--meaning that the doctor provides medical service without the permission of the original hospital--such activity goes against China's Practicing Doctor Law, Xinhua reported. In China, doctors used to be controlled by hospitals and they could work for only one hospital. However, as China's medical personnel system reform developed, it has been recognized that medical human resources, just like human resources in other areas, should be shared by the whole society. But on the other hand, doctors' taking part-time jobs should follow the relative regulations applied in the medical field. First of all, they should follow relative government laws and regulations. They should also follow the rules and regulations set by the medical organizations they work for. In addition, they should pay taxes for their income from the part-time jobs. What matters most is that they should first finish their regular jobs as required and be responsible for patients to ensure qualified and safe medical treatment. \n Answer: Doctor's part-time jobs, instead of moonlighting, are encouraged by health organizations.",
            "output": [
                "What is the greatest difference between moonlighting and taking part-time jobs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3aa29e4615054960a674bfcad3ced6e9",
            "input": "Article: Authorities in Shanghai said Thursday night that another person has died from H7N9 bird flu, bringing the death toll to five around the country. The city has reported six infections   to date, and four have died, said the Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission. Of the rest two, there was a four-year-old, the agency said. The baby was recovering from mild illness, it added. The person died at Huashan Hospital on Wednesday and was _ infected with the H7N9 bird flu on Thursday. Also on Thursday, the commission reported the city's third death from the H7N9 bird flu. The case involved a 48-year-old man surnamed Chu, a poultry   transporter from Rugao in neighboring Jiangsu Province. He developed symptoms  of cough on March 28. After having a fever on Monday, he went to a private clinic for treatment. The man then sought help in the Tongji Hospital in Shanghai in the early hours of Wednesday after his condition worsened. Chu died three hours after being admitted to the hospital. He was confirmed infected with the H7N9 virus on Thursday. Eight people who had close contact with him have shown no abnormal symptoms. So far, China has confirmed 14 H7N9 cases -- six in Shanghai, four in Jiangsu, three in Zhejiang and one in Anhui, in the first known human infections of the lesser-known type of bird flu. Of all, four died in Shanghai and one died in Zhejiang. China's Ministry of Agriculture said Thursday the H7N9 avian flu virus has been detected from pigeon   samples collected at a marketplace in Songjiang District of Shanghai. After gene sequence analysis, the national avian flu reference laboratory concluded that the H7N9 virus found on pigeons was highly congenetic with those found on persons infected with H7N9 virus. China's health authorities have promised transparency  and cooperation   to the World Health Organization in regards to human infections of the new type of bird flu. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention said Wednesday that no human-to-human transmission of H7N9 has been discovered. \n Answer: The new outbreak of the H7N9 bird flu",
            "output": [
                "What does the news report mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad977829f1734317be8ce53225329249",
            "input": "Article: Le Whif, an inhaler  that allows chocolate lovers to meet their needs whenever they please without putting on weight, is to be released in British stores. The invention, called the world's first breathable food by its creators, let consumers suck in the taste of chocolate and coffee while taking on less than one calorie. Its makers claim it will enable dieters to enjoy their favorite snacks without worrying about their waistline. The lip-stick-style tube contains hundreds of milligrams of tiny food particles which are small enough to become conveyed by air, but too large to enter the lungs. Each Le Whif contains enough flavor about eight to ten whiffs  and costs $1.99 on its own or $4.99 for a pack of three. The inhaler is available in chocolate, raspberry chocolate and mint chocolate models as well as coffee flavor, which gives a dose of caffeine equivalent to a small short of strong black coffee. It was invented by Prof. David Edwards. He said Le Whif was not designed to replace food but could be used to increase dining experience, such as allowing people to sample a variety of dishes from restaurant menus before ordering their meals He said, \"In terms of living off whiffing we aren't even close to being there. But there clearly has been a revolution over the last few years where we are eating smaller amounts of food more frequently, and choosing food or its aesthetic  pleasure. We will be launching new whiffing experiences probably every six months. It is reasonable to assume that the next line of whiffing products will be even more health-centered. The product that was released in Paris in 2009 and the initial production run of 25,000 inhalers were sold out within a month. It has since been made available across France and in the US. In Britain Le Whif is to be sold firstly in House of Fraser for a month, after which it could become more widely distributed. \n Answer: To increase people's dining experience.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of inventing Le Whif?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-feb97a194f2f4e5488fac49ea32f19a5",
            "input": "Article: Earthquake in Japan.Donald Trump is accused of planting story about actress's height after she rejected him. Mexico arrests ex-police chief in case of 43 missing students. Do you really need to know all these things? Three years ago, I began an experiment. I stopped reading all newspapers and magazines. Televisions and radios were rejected. I deleted the news apps from my iPhone. I didn't touch a single free newspaper and deliberately looked the other way when someone tried to offer me any such reading material. The first weeks were hard. Very hard! I was constantly afraid of missing something. But after a while, I had a new understanding. The result after three years: clearer thoughts, more valuable ideas, better decisions, and much more time. And the best thing? I haven't missed anything important. A dozen reasons exist to _ . Here are the top three: First, our brain reacts differently to different types of information. Shocking, people-based, fast-changing details all appeal to us. News producers capitalize on this. The result: Everything complex, abstract, and profound  must be systematically singled out, even though such stories are much more relevant to our lives and to our understanding of the world. As a result, we walk around with a misrepresented mental map of the risks and threats we actually face. Second, news is irrelevant. In the past year, you have probably consumed about ten thousand pieces of news. Be very honest: Name one of them, just one that helped you make a better decision--for your life, your career, or your business--compared with not having this piece of news. No one I have asked has been able to name more than two useful news stories--out of ten thousand. News organizations claim that their information gives you a competitive advantage. Too many fall for this. If news really helped people advance, journalists would be at the top of the income pyramid. Third, news is a waste of time. An average human being spends half a day each week reading about current affairs. This is a huge loss of productivity. Take the 2008 terror attack in Mumbai. Let's say a billion people viewed the minute-by-minute updates and listened to the chatter of a few \"experts\" and \"commentators.\" Thus our conservative calculation: One billion people multiplied by an hour's distraction equals one billion hours of work stoppage. News wasted around two thousand lives--ten times more than the attack. I would predict that turning your back on news will benefit you as much as removing any of the other ninety-eight errors we have covered in the pages of this book. Read long background articles and books. Nothing beats books for understanding the world. \n Answer: He was in constant fear.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel at the beginning of his experiment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8be144b789c5456baed1ae33f5ead6b4",
            "input": "Article: During my first two months in China, I was like a girl in love. Everything I saw and did amazed me. I have journal entries that are pages long describing, in great detail, everything I ate. From the sauce to the kind of chopsticks  I used, nothing went unnoticed or unrecorded. Chinese people gape at me when they see me using chopsticks, just because I can. Western eating is so different, not only in the use of cutlery , but also in the rules of eating, for which there are many. For example, everything is cut before it's eaten, except salad. Instead of eating around the bone, as we do here (I do it too, of course), people cut around the bones, which makes eating fish a difficult thing. Also, there is a certain way to eat soup, which involves pushing the spoon away from you, to make sure you don't get splashed, and never slurping or touching your teeth on the spoon. Before I came here, I thought table manners were very important. Now I think that they are silly, worrying and concentrating on changing the fork and knife every time you cut your food takes away from the enjoyment of food. Every time I eat at a restaurant, I try something new. I am not afraid of trying anything and I will eat anything once. At first I would try a bite and not like it. This happened with fish heads, snake, anything spicy, and bitter melon, to name a few. Now I like all of these things. My new favorite dish is spicy fish heads. There are vegetables whose names I don't know in English. I am proficient in Chinese food, and am also at least ten pounds heavier than when I first arrived. I never even like rice before I came here, and now I have it with every meal. I don't like cheese either, and Western food just doesn't taste as good as it once did. Even McDonald's is better here. \n Answer: Fish.",
            "output": [
                "According to western rules of eating, which of the following is NOT cut before it is eaten?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-47266354158a46c18bc474f2e308ea05",
            "input": "Article: Seated in a convertible with the top down at 60 miles an hour,Mary looked at the flies that sat on top of Mark's hair.How could they stay there?She wondered. Mary had not seen Mark in years,until the other day when he came into the cafe where she worked.His appearance was different from when he was in high school.Now,he was a bit fat and thick glasses covered his eyes.However,that didn't change Mary's feelings for him at all.He had just bought a brand new red sports car and asked her if she would like to go for a ride and then have dinner with him.Her heart beat with excitement as he opened the door for her.She noticed something very strange as Mark got into the car started to drive away.On the hair was a group of flies just sitting there. Mary stared in amazement.It seemed the faster they drove,the more determined the flies were to stick to his hair. Mary remained silent.She leaned forward and turned the radio on,to try to divert her attention away from the flies,but she couldn't help thinking about them.She looked up at Mark,who was completely devoted to what was going on and continued to sing to the music while driving merrily along. Finally,Mark pulled the vehicle over to the side of the road beside a diner and looked in the mirror and said,\"May,I would like to comb my hair before we get something to cat.Could you reach under the seat and give me my hair cream?\" Mary reached under the seat and pulled cut a camping backpack,which contained a round jar and started to laugh wildly as she pointed to the label . \"That's not hair cream on your hair,Mark!It says it's Fly Trap Glue !\" \n Answer: A waitress.",
            "output": [
                "What did Mary probably do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8dc3f5be6e7a40ada2acea4eafdcd360",
            "input": "Article: Several recent studies have found that being randomly assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood of conflict. Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships. An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure. In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye - the only black student on his freshman year floor -said that \"if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove.\" Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences. According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out. An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester. Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. \"This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race,\" she said. At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing. \"One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly,\" said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. \"This is the definition of integration.\" \"I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes,\" said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts \"provided more multicultural acceptance and melding  ,\" there were also \"jarring cultural confrontations.\" The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race. Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained. \n Answer: Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from some recent studies?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d7c6edf308e42dab366733e3db60f4d",
            "input": "Article: \"Food in France is still primarily about pleasure,\"says Mark Singer, technical director of cuisine at Le Cordon Bleu in Paris.\"Cooking and eating are both pastimes  and pleasure.\"The French might start their day with bread, butter, jam, and perhaps something hot to drink -- it's a time of the day when the whole family can be united. Singer, born in Philadelphia, has lived in France for more than 40 years. \"Although things have changed greatly in the past 20 years when it comes to food in the country,\"he says,\"and what was a big affair with eating has been slowly softened up, there are still events in the year, like birthdays and New Year's Eve and Christmas Eve that are still really anchored in traditional food and cooking. But it's not every day.\" Some people think French food life may be a performance, adds Jennifer Berg, director of graduate food studies at New York University.\"They want to believe that France is this nation where people are spending five hours a day going to 12 different markets to get their food. The reality is most croissants are factory-made, and most people are buying convenience food, except for the very small group of people in high society. But part of our identity relies on believing that myth.\" In Italy, as in France, takeout is still  ly rare.\"Eating fast is not at all part of our culture,\"says Marco Bolasco, editorial director of Slow Food and an Italian food expert. Our meals are relaxed, even during a lunch break. Food in Italy is love, and nutrition, and pleasure, he says. An Italian child's first experience with food is not small round cakes or rice or eggs, but probably ice cream, notes Bolasco. Status and wealth play less of a role in food. \n Answer: People eat faster than before.",
            "output": [
                "How have things about French food changed?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f7c403d1181b415ea0d056c0b44ae7fa",
            "input": "Article: What kind of pets do people have in your country? Dogs? Cats? How about a duck, hippo or lion? Here are two cases of animal owners with unusual pets. Barrie Hayman has a pet duck called Star. Barrie adopted   him after his brothers and sisters stayed away from him at birth. Barrie, a duck breeder, realized the little duck needed special attention. So he began taking Star with him everywhere he went. \"I would put him in my pocket while I did my shopping,\" said Barrie. Now, at five months, Star is too big for Barrie's pocket, but the two are still _ . They watch sports together and even share a drink together. Barrie said, \"He is one fantastic duck. I've never known any like him.\" Star even has his own Facebook page, with more than 2,000 Facebook friends. Then there's the case of Tonie and Shirley Joubert in South Africa. They live with their pet hippo, Jessica. Tonie saved Jessica from floodwaters when she was only a day old. Jessica lives outside their riverside house, but she knows how to open the kitchen door, and often goes there for a snack. Tonie recently said, \"I don't know whether Jessica sees me as a hippo or whether she sees herself as a human.\" Shirley is more certain, \"Jessica sees herself as our child and I see Jessica as my daughter. I can't imagine my life without Jessica.\" Jessica is free to leave, and often visits wild hippos that live nearby. But she always returns home at night. Jessica's website notes that she has three hippo boyfriends, but one in particular, Fred, is her favorite. They often go grazing   together and Fred has recently moved onto the Jouberts' house as well. \n Answer: Some unusual pets are adopted by people.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e028860665b94be79b45827156e96033",
            "input": "Article: Every day as I drove through town, I saw a one-legged man going through the dustbins next to McDonalds looking for food. It was only a month before Christmas, starting to get cold and I could not help thinking about him. So I bought a brush, pack of cigarettes, cans of fish, and then I added a blanket and sweatshirts. I made a box up like a present and went in search of this man. I saw him hobble   away from the dustbin. I pulled over, took the box and went up to him. I said, \"I would like to give you a Christmas present, there are some food items in here and some things you might be able to use.\" He sidestepped around me and said, \"No, thank you. I just had lunch. I don't need anything.\" Then he hobbled on down the sidewalk, leaving me standing there in tears. I took the box down to a little shop that gave things out to the poor and homeless and told them what had happened and asked them to give the box to someone who could use it. The person there told me not to be upset and let my feelings be hurt as I was still crying. I told her I was not crying for me but for him because what I had done took away his dignity by treating him like a person in need. I was so ashamed. A few years later I was able to volunteer in St. Anthony's Dining Room in San Francisco. These people had to stand in line for up to 6 hours to receive the only food they will get. We took one tray   of food at a time, and treated them as if they were in a restaurant ordering a meal they were paying for.  From this I learned a great lesson. Accepting help is sometimes harder than giving it. \n Answer: Because the man was looking for some food.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author buy something for the one-legged man?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-99d8502ffd864a36a08602ac666c0a4d",
            "input": "Article: Oprah Winfrey, the American media queen, is undoubtedly one of the most successful women in the world. She's the host and owner ofThe Oprah Winfrey Show, which continuingly wins high ratings, and the founder of Harpo Productions, which produces her television shows and movies. Certainly Winfrey feels right these days. Early on, however, _ . She stayed with her grandmother after birth and moved to Wisconsin to live with her mother at 6, and hence began the most difficult period in her life. They lived in the low-income community and her mother showed her less attention. Her classmates came from families with more money and she couldn't participate with them in a lot of activities. The young girl had held too much anger and pain inside and she rebelled. She repeatedly ran away from home and got into various troubles. During that time, she turned heavy smoker, became addicted to alcohol and drug and was sent to a juvenile detention home  at the age of 13. Fed up, Oprah's mother sent her to Tennessee to live with her father. To a large extent, this man saved Oprah's life and helped pave the way for her success. She received a full scholarship to Tennessee State University where she majored in Speech and Performing Arts. After graduation, she landed a job as a news reader at a television station, where she did not do well at first. But she did not give up; instead, she worked harder. She put in long hours and prepared carefully before going on camera. Her hard work paid off: she moved up swiftly to news reader and reporter in Baltimore and was offered her own talk show in 1977. From then on, her career began to take off. Some people are handed money at birth and are nurtured into success; other people create their own success, and Oprah Winfrey definitely belongs to the latter. \"There is no such thing as failure in my life,\" she concluded, \"Life is a marathon. I think the ones who survive in life do it by hammering at it one day at a time.\" Well, by doing so, she won the game. \n Answer: Her classmates' families were very rich.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the cause of her bad behaviors as a teenager?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-17dbaa6273244c429d04c505b894731b",
            "input": "Article: London is my favorite city in the world and it's a place that draws me back to it again and again.    My first trip to London at the age of 19 was my first solo trip anywhere. I found a home stay program in one of my guidebooks so I spent my first several days staying on the out streets of London near Ealing Broadway. Each morning the older lady I was staying with would come into my room and place a cup of tea by my bedside and then wake me up so I could have breakfast and start my day of sight-seeing. It was like having my own British grandmother.    On that first trip to the UK, which was three weeks long, I decided to spend a week in London and then the rest of the time in Liverpool with a pen pal of mine. Well, after traveling up to Liverpool and spending two days with him, I found we really weren't such great friends after all, so I decided to take the boat from Liverpool to Dublin and make my way to County Galway to see my family. Partly, I wanted to go to Ireland. And partly, I just wanted to get away from my pen pal and couldn't afford a whole week on my own in England, so family to the rescue!    After a great week in Galway with my  s, I went back to London for a few more days and ended up staying with some  s there I didn't even know I had.    One of the funny things about that entire trip was that every single day when I was in London it rained. The only time it didn't rain was the week I spent in Ireland. \n Answer: By train.",
            "output": [
                "How did the writer travel to Dublin?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7da73af181864e338b605d4a7ba8d516",
            "input": "Article: Yuanxiao, Chinese Lantern Festival The Lantern Festival is celebrated on the 15th of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar. The festival ends the New Year's celebration. It is a fun festival. People carry lanterns and go into the streets at night to watch lion or dragon dances, play games and light firecrackers. Yuanxiao, a sweet dumpling made of rice flour, is the traditional food eaten during the festival. In Chinese, the festival is named after this food, which is said to represent family unity and happiness because it is sticky, round and sweet. The Dai WaterSplashing Festival The Dai minority in Yunnan celebrate the WaterSplashing Festival in the middle of April. The festival celebrates the Dai Lunar New Year and lasts for three days. There are dragon races and fireworks displays on the first day and a fair on the second day. At the fair, young lovers throw love pouches to each other. The third day is the actual watersplashing day, people splash water on each other to wash away illnesses and bad luck and bring good luck for the coming year. Losar Losar is a Tibetan word for New Year.\"Lo\" means \"year\" and \"sar\" means \"new\". As the most popular festival among Tibetans, it is celebrated from the first day in the first month to the fifteenth day based on the traditional Tibetan calendar. On the last day of the year, people clean their houses and prepare for the festival. On the first day of the New Year, Tibetan women usually wake up early at about 5 o'clock, and prepare for a special kind of barley wine for the family which have tsamba, brown sugar, and milk dregs. The whole family have to drink the wine in their beds and then continue to sleep, while the housewives sit in front of their windows, waiting for the sunrise. As soon as they see the sun rays in the east, they go to the well for the first bucket of water in the New Year. It is said that water in the well is the freshest and sweetest at this time and the family who get the lucky water earliest will be the most fortunate. \n Answer: 25.",
            "output": [
                "How many days does Tibetan Losar last?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b425be27cd23458297b15f1e4c71cb48",
            "input": "Article: I do a lot of hiking.And I can step out of my house and within minutes reach a beautiful forest where I walk for exercise every day.I see many photography subjects such as parrots,snakes,hares,big trees and flowers.There are so many different flowers around my place that once I decided to see how many types I could count in a onehourlong walk,and I counted over 100. Needless to say,as a keen amateur photographer,I always take a camera with me.I have three favorites: a Pentax Optio RZ10,a Sony Alpha 390 and a Panasonic Lumix FZ100.I mostly take the Pentax pocket camera with me.This Pentax pocket camera takes images as good as those from much more expensive Single Lens Reflex cameras.It allows you to get to just 1 cm from the subject,and these images are of astonishing clarity .I can stick the camera right into a flower.And the photo shows fantastic details. The Pentax is also good at taking landscapes.The color is natural and price again the details even of distant objects are great.Sometimes,even when I have one of my other cameras with me,I still just use the Pentax pocket camera.About half of all the images on my website were taken with the Pentax. The Pentax takes quality images in poor light and the zoom works well.You have to work hard to get a blurry shot.This is an especially good feature at parties and gatherings.You get fantastic photos of people.You don't have to wait for them to keep still. Keep this camera in your pocket or in the car.It takes up little room;it's light and you'll never regret it! \n Answer: He takes exercise to keep fit.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author walk through the beautiful forest every day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5798fd9769f641539ce53120110f4cae",
            "input": "Article: Research shows that humans switch from selfish to unselfish behavior when they are watched. Do you? A picture of a set of eyes on a computer screen can cause a change in the way people act. Even images of eyes on a charity donation, collection box encourage people to be unselfish, because people put more money in a collection box that has a picture of eyes on it than they do when a flower symbol is on the box. Manfred Milinski from the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany and Bettina Rockenbach of the University of Berlin, the authors of a new study, found that people act better when they are being watched because they feel they will be rewarded for good behavior. Their report also referred to other research showing that this response of behaving well when watched is somehow _ into humans and people respond this way unconsciously, or without realizing it. It is not just humans that act unselfishly when they are being watched. A fish called the grooming fish cleans other fish. When other fish are around, it is gentler. When no other fish are around, however, the grooming fish bites chunks from the fish it is supposed to be cleaning. The researchers suggest that the best way to get people to behave in the correct way is to make them feel watched. This could be the reason for the success of a famous American army poster. On it was a picture of an elderly man staring fiercely and pointing, it appeared, to the person who was looking at the poster. Under the picture was the caption 'I Want You' It encouraged hundreds of thousands of young American men to join the army during the Second World War to fight the Germans and Japanese. \n Answer: He feels he will receive some social reward.",
            "output": [
                "According to the report, why does a person behave better when he feels he is being watched?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-14825974d1374cdfb1e612b1dc17aebb",
            "input": "Article: School Counseling  In our grandparents' time, it was unthinkable.In our parents' time, it was unusual and nobody spoke openly about counseling.These days, more and more schools are asking for this service and it is considered a necessity for most.Why is it? What has changed in the last fifty years to have made counseling at schools so important? \"One reason is that we expect schools to do more to protect their pupils than we did in the past,\" says school counselor, Mike Hudson.\" Also, our society doesn't work as well as it should.Many parents are either under pressure of work or face the economic problems of unemployment, while children are under more and more pressure to do well at school.Many pupils feel they are pushed to their limits by their parents and teachers.\" Most school children face some kind of relationship problem at some stage with family members, teachers or other pupils, so.it helps to have somebody to talk to. From the pupil' s point of view, it is easier to talk to a counselor in confidence rather than a family member or teacher.This solution is less embarrassing to pupils, who are not forced to face the person that they had problems with in the first place.They can calmly talk things through without arguments. School counselors advise not only students but also their teachers and parents, and offer other services as well, such as deciding learning disabilities or assisting parents and guardians to make the correct decisions about their children' s education. Counselors can help students with problems ranging from the most serious, like a death in the family, to what an adult would consider really trivial, like an argument with a friend. In a society that is becoming more and more stressful, this service is providing children with a supportive way to express their fear and worries. \n Answer: The relationship between parents and schools is worse.",
            "output": [
                "Why is school counseling becoming important?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51f5beb7d9b44ce5b97a32a61a84b779",
            "input": "Article: A NEW weapon is on the way in the fight against smoking in Europe. Soon when smokers buy cigarettes they might see a shocking photo of a blackened lung or a cancer patient staring back at them from the packet  . Some boys may think of smoking as cool and sexy. Their friends won't agree when they see their packets of cigarettes lying on the table.  The European Union announced on October 22 that it had chosen 42 photos that showed the damage cigarettes could do to the body. It called on member nations to put these pictures on packets to discourage smokers. To catch the attention of teenagers, the special packets warn of long-term medical dangers, like cancer. Short-term effects, like bad skin, are also on the list. \"The true face of smoking is disease, death and horror. That is the message we should send to the young,\" said David Byrne, an EU health official. \"Hopefully these pictures will shock students out of their love for cigarettes.\" The EU head office hoped the pictures would work better than current written warnings on packs of cigarettes. The warnings included \"smoking kills\" and \"smoking can lead to a slow and painful death.\" So far, Ireland and Belgium have shown interest in the photos. Canada has used similar pictures and warnings on cigarette packs since 2000. The country has recently seen a fall in the number of smokers. According to studies, smoking is the single biggest cause of avoidable   death in EU. Every year more than 650,000 smokers die, more than one person a minute.(272) \n Answer: No biggest cause of death beyond smoking can be avoided in EU.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is right?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5a1f6a6d14f74c0e827eef5a2d51ff5e",
            "input": "Article: Sleeping in is one of the best parts of the weekend. After a long, exhausting work week, sometimes all you want to do is sleep. _ Now you can finally catch up on your sleep. Except you can't. When you open your eyes Saturday morning, it's still early. If this were a weekday, you'd be up before your alarm. So what's the deal? We hate to break it to you, but you've pretty much done this to yourself. Your body is very good at recognizing patterns and adjusting accordingly. If you've got a 9-to-5 job, you're getting up early five days a week. This effectively sets your body clock to wake you at a certain time each day. You can shut off your alarm clock, but your body clock will just keep ticking. There's another reason that you probably don't want to think about: You're just not as young as you used to be. We need less sleep as we get older. Babies need between 16 and 20 hours. Teenagers should (but often don't) get nine hours a night. Younger and middle-aged adults need eight. In general, the older you get, the harder it is to snooze the day away. Even if you do manage to sleep in, you may never fully catch up on your sleep. If your body needs eight hours every night and you only get six or seven from Monday to Friday, you'd have to sleep an extra five to ten hours on Saturday to make it up. And experts say even that may not be enough. The bottom line: Sleep when you can, and enjoy those extra weekend morning hours. Who doesn't want a longer weekend? \n Answer: You can never get enough sleep.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the reason why you can't sleep in on weekends?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-06c56e9511514466a8f550bf913934e6",
            "input": "Article: Just three years since Lady Gaga had her first US number one single, the pop star has claimed the top spot in Forbes magazine's annual Celebrity 100 list.   The popular star moved up four positions from last year and has knocked TV chat show host Oprah Winfrey of the top spot.    But how has the singer become such a global phenomenon in such a short space of time ? Two experts in music, fashion and social networking give their opinions.  George Ergatoudis ----Head of Music Radio1   \" The key thing is Lady Gaga realized by using all the current social networking sites, and connecting that with her fashion, she has become an all-round star. Every time she goes out the door she looks different. She's getting photographed, she's aware of that and she's using it by updating her look literally on a daily basis.   Another key thing wat that quite early on, her record label was showing how gifted she is as a musician. The music she makes, the songs she writes and the production she has are all brilliant contemporary pop music. She literally is turning into a global superstar.\" Calum Brannan ---Co-Founder of social Networking support company crowd Control HQ    \"Social media is a reflection  of what we love, so people are becoming very good at sharing exactly what they love and the brands and musicians they love.    The fact she has 10 million Twitter followers and 30million Facebook fans is a massive reflection on Lady Gaga and the influence she has. Once out there, Twitter and Facebook help keep that person's profile  alive. Her fans are always talking about her and sharing everything she does even when she's not on stage or in concert.   I think even if she wasn't on Facebook and Twitter, her fans and followers would put her there anyway. But the most important thing is,she is on there and she's using them.\" \n Answer: Why is lady Gaga using Facebook ?",
            "output": [
                "What can be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d74d443f09644340bfa24d4ac03580d8",
            "input": "Article: Lighter and cheaper than high-quality video cameras, today's best smartphones can shoot and edit high-definition (HD) videos. With lower-quality lenses  and image sensors, smartphones probably won't replace professional video cameras anytime soon. Still, some creative filmmakers are extending the borders of smartphone moviemaking by shooting professional-quality films using only smartphones. Soon after Apple's iPhone 4 was released, two filmmakers decided to make a short film using only their iPhone 4s. Michael Koerbel and Anna Elizabeth James shot and edited the one-and-a-half-minute film Apple of My Eye in only 48 hours. Audiences were fascinated with the film, in which a man and his grandfather connect emotionally while admiring a model train set in a store window. The filmmakers followed up their success with Goldilocks, an extraordinary spy novel told over nine, three-minute films. Many filmmakers are convinced that smartphone films are here to stay. One sign is their inclusion in major film festivals. In February 2012, organizers of the Berkshire International Film Festival staged the 10 X 10 On North Festival. Entries included Oliver by Hooman Khalili, an award-winning film about a girl whose special powers enable her to brighten the lives of three lonely people. Another entry was Yearlapse'11, a 365-second film by Zsolt Haraszti that describes an actual journey he made from New York to London. During the festival, which ran from February 16 to 26, these and many other smartphone films were shown at the Beacon Cinema in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Similar festivals in Canada and South Korea have given smartphone filmmakers opportunities to show off their creative work. \n Answer: They must overcome equipment limitations.",
            "output": [
                "What does the article imply about smartphone filmmakers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-930906589b48472098daf6f3b4ec0d38",
            "input": "Article: Moods, say the experts, are feelings that tend to become fixed, influencing one's outlook for hours, days or even weeks. That's great if your mood is a pleasant one, but a problem if you are sad, anxious, angry or simply lonely. Perhaps the best way to deal with such moods is to talk them out; sometimes, though, there is no one to listen. Modern pharmacology offers a lot of tranquilizers What many people don't realize, however, is that scientists have discovered the effectiveness of several non-drug methods to set you loose from an unwanted mood. These can be just as useful as drugs, and have the added benefit of being nonpoisonous. So next time you _ don't head for the drug-store but try the following methods. Of all the mood-altering self-help techniques, aerobic exercise seems to be the most efficient cure for a bad mood. \"If you could keep up the exercise, you'd be in high spirits, \" says Kathryn Lance, author of Running for Health and Beauty. Researchers have explained biochemical and various other changes that make exercise compare favourably to drugs as a mood raiser. Physical exertion such as housework, however, does little. The key is aerobic exercise--running, cycling, walking, swimming or other repetitive and sustained activities that increase the heart rate, increase blood circulation and improve the body's use of oxygen. Do some of the activities for at least 20 minutes a session three to five times a week. \n Answer: How to beat a bad mood.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main subject discussed in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-88e2f3f037374d1ca3e0c3f23084dcef",
            "input": "Article: If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how \"foolish\" the Finnish people are. Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare  of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety. The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration  card to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge. The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate. From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly. With so many loopholes   in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to _ . But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real \"gentleman\". \n Answer: The workers are always honest with their working hours.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-91089e512864415bb3e99a5142b61558",
            "input": "Article: WELLINGTON, New Zealand (AP) ---- About 140 pilot whales that stranded(...) themselves on a remote stretch of New Zealand beach have died, but conservation workers and volunteers are hoping the remaining 60 or so will survive after they managed to get them refloated, an official said Saturday. The geography of Farewell Spit on the South Island seems to work against whales, which regularly become stranded there. The stranding of 198 whales on Friday was one of the largest in recent years and inspired 80 workers and volunteers to help out. By late Saturday, 140 of the whales had died, said Department of Conservation area manager Andrew Lamason. He said the workers and volunteers worked throughout the day to keep the surviving whales watered and covered before refloating them during Saturday night's high tide. \"We've had a really good crew of volunteers, and people have been wanting to come from all over the country,\"Lamason said. He said the surviving whales had moved to deeper water. But he cautioned that although hopes for their survival were high, whales had been refloated in the past only to return and get stranded again. Lamason said the scale  of the stranding has been tough on the helpers, both physically and mentally. \"It's very sad, they're very intelligent animals,\" he said. \"The common view is that it's part of nature.\" The focus will now turn to the dead whales, and the enormous task of dealing with the remains, Lamason said, adding that in the past helpers have typically buried them in the sand, but that he's not sure what the approach will be this time. He said the department had been experimenting with moving the the dead whales into the water, which has the advantage of providing food for other sea creatures. \n Answer: 198.",
            "output": [
                "What is the exact number of whales stranded last Friday?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-44c5a62a7f654eae9c902957f2d3fbca",
            "input": "Article: Expanded use of computer technology ,development of stronger and lighter materials ,and research on pollution control will produce better, _ automobiles . In the 1980s the ides that a car would \"talk\" to its driver was science fiction; by the 1990s it had become reality.        On board navigation was one of the new automotive technologies in the 1990s. By using the satellite-aided global positioning system(GPS), a computer in the automobile can pinpoint the car's location within a few feet. The onboard navigation system uses and electronic compass ,digitized maps , and a display screen showing where the car is   to the destination the driver wants to reach. After being told the destination, the computer locates it and directs the driver to it , offering alternative routes if needed.        Some cars now come equipped with GPS locator beacons ,enabling a GPS system operator to locate the vehicle ,map its location and ,if necessary ,direct repair or emergency workers to the scene.        Gars equipped with computers and cellular telephones can link to the Internet to obtain constantly updated traffic reports ,weather information, route directions ,and other data .Future built-in computer systems may be used to automatically get business information over the Internet and manage personal affairs while the vehicle's owner is driving. \n Answer: New Technology in Automobile",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c05a7fb0fbfc4730be20af90d5d33306",
            "input": "Article: In the UK, we like a good bargain. People flock to the sales in January, when stores slash their prices to get rid of all their winter stock. But surprisingly, the British hate _ In markets you might see the odd British person battling with a stall owner to bring down the price of a pair of trousers or some furniture. Generally, though, people from the UK are too reserved to haggle. If we think the price of something we want is too high, we'll simply move on and try somewhere else. The act of bargaining with someone is very theatrical, in my opinion. It's a test to see who can stand their ground for the longest. But it is not in British people's nature to \"perform\" in public, especially around strangers. However, in the US, people are generally more willing to haggle. And if you wander into a market, you're likely to hear a number of phrases that Americans reserve for such occasions. First, \" _ \" is commonly said by the customer to indicate they think the stall holder is working very hard, probably a little too hard, to get the price he wants. Or you might hear the buyer telling a stall holder that \"the kid's gotta have braces\", which means they don't have enough spare money lying around to afford the price being offered. If the customer is really shocked at the price suggested by the seller, they also might say \"you're killing me\" to indicate that they think the price is far too high. In Britain, it's difficult to imagine anyone saying anything along these lines. If I were forced to bargain, I'd probably say, very simply: \"I'm going to make you an offer.\" If that offer were refused, I think I'd just walk away. \n Answer: They dislike openly expressing feelings or opinions.",
            "output": [
                "Why don't the British haggle generally?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9335f219da644c39b931d2cf6eb0212d",
            "input": "Article: The earliest newspapers started in ancient Rome. They were handwritten news sheets. The first printed newspapers appeared in China during the Tang dynasty, which were printed from carved  wooden blocks. Modern papers first appeared in Venice, Italy in the middle of the 14th century. The newspapers of today, with advertising and a mixture of political, economic, and social news and comments, were started in Britain in the mid-18th century. The main function of newspapers is to report news. Many newspapers also provide special information to readers, such as weather reports and television timetables. They also provide comments on politics, economics, arts and culture. Almost all newspapers depend on advertising to make money. Nearly six out of ten adults in the United States and Canada read a newspaper every day. Seven out of ten read a paper each weekend. Readers search newspapers for de-tailed background information and analysis . This is what television and radio news reports seldom offer. Newspapers tell readers what happened, and they also help readers understand what caused an event and how it will affect the world around them. The workers at large newspaper companies work under a lot of pressure to bring news to readers as soon as possible. Reporters, photographers, artists, and editors collect articles in just a few hours. Page designers select articles, photos, advertisements, and eye-catching headlines to make the pages, and then rush their work to the printer. Printing workers may work overnight around printing presses to _ more than 60,000 copies per hour. \n Answer: An Introduction to Newspapers",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e1ce1ed8c3cf4b65bb1735d6c49678d4",
            "input": "Article: My granddaughter, Shari, owns The Berry   Factory in Sacramento, California, and her mother, Joan, and I were helping with the Valentine's Day rush. We'd dipped   hundreds of berries, arranged gift baskets and packaged orders to be shipped around the country. By the end of the day, the two middle-aged women, Joan and I, were exhausted. Shari didn't seem tired. That was typical Shari. Though she was very busy, I'd seen her give away berries to everybody -- parking attendants, mail carriers and hairdressers. \"For me?\" they would say, bursting into a smile. As a \"thank you\", Shari took us out for dinner. But there was a 45-minute wait at her favorite restaurant. \"No big deal. There's another place just up the road,\" she said, driving us there. This time we walked right in. When the waitress came to take our drink orders, Shari reached into her handbag, pulling something out. \"I want you to have these,\" she said, handing the waitress a box of chocolate-dipped strawberries. \"She will love those berries!\" I thought. But the waitress seemed _ . She only let out a \"thank you\" before grabbing the box and rushing into the kitchen. A few minutes later, the waitress returned with our iced tea. \"I apologize,\" she said. \"My best friend and I had promised to send each other something every Valentine's Day. But she passed away last year. I didn't know how I'd get through this day without her. Then you handed me that box.\"\"I'm so sorry to hear that,\" said Shari. \"It's not much, but I hope you can enjoy them.\"\"Oh, I will,\" the waitress said. \"See, every year we always sent each other the same thing; a box of chocolate-dipped strawberries bought from our favourite store, The Berry Factory.\" \n Answer: Well-known",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words can best describe Shari?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cdd75da40e0d4338a7f2abcc6c5bfd5d",
            "input": "Article: Free On-line Short Stories For Kids: Trevor The Taxi In this children's story, suited to younger children, we have an adventure with Trevor. He is a taxi. Trevor loves his life: \"Sometimes he takes patients to the nursing home, where they can get better after being ill, and sometimes he takes people home when they have been shopping, and Stan puts all their packages inside Trevor's boot, so they will not get wet or broken.\" The black cab, in this adventure, goes far beyond the call of duty whilst he achieves his wildest dreams! What could this be? Well you will just have to read this short story for yourself! Free On-line Short Stories For Kids: The Girl Who Believed In Fairies The fairy queen is upset and the elves just don't know what to do: \"Oh dear, oh dear,\" sobbed the queen, getting her hankie all wet with her constant crying. For the twelfth time that day, Elgie the chief elf took her hankie and wrung it out on to the carpet of grass that grew all around the palace.\" How will they manage to help the queen? Why was she so unhappy? There is only one person that can help! Can she do it? This is a lovely fairy tale that will glow the embers of your heart - only for young girls! Free On-line Short Stories For Kids: The Envious Kings This story is suitable for 6 years and upwards. Unfolding in the story pages of this recommendation is a children's story about two kings who were competing with each other: \"In spite of the easy life that the two kings had, they were not happy, for each of them kept thinking that the other one had a bigger and better palace, or owned more horses, or had more jewels or even had creamier milk.\" They were both petty and, through their envy, they caused themselves much trouble. Who do you think saved the day? Well, you will just have to read the story to find out! Free On-line Short Stories For Kids: The Wise Old Woman This story is probably suited to the 8 years old age range and upwards, although would appeal to adults, alike. Here I introduce you to one of my kids on-line stories listed on the writing and literature section of Hubpages. In this parable you will find a magical world of wisdom involving trees, people and someone very special. \"As she stood and watched, the knowledge melted into her and the sapling grew...The magical transition took her breath away and as she watched on with ore, she noticed something strange.\" So, what was this strangeness and magical transition? Let me leave you with wonderment ... and a click of the link! Free On-line Short Stories For Kids: Unusual Stories - Faffenburger's Odyssey This story is probably more suited to the older child. So who is Faffenburger? Well with one of these free on-line short stories for kids, we enter into a different realm. A world of nonsense as Faffenburger moves within alpha and omega. This is a rather unusual story as you will find out! \"My friend, Henry Faffenburger stomped down the long lane on his short stumpy legs, moonlight glancing off his bald-spot, which was a little surprising as there was no moon that night. As he rounded the bend, he saw a pair of headlights coming toward him. They drew level, and stopped. A small man with yellow eyes emerged from the darkness behind the lights, and enquired if Faffenburger would like a lift. \"Where are you going ?\" asked my friend. \"Wherever you want to go\", replied the owner of the yellow eyes.\" So, the adventure begins! Where will they go? Alpha, Omega or just the middle? After all, it was a long summer - especially the middle! Take a closer look at this - you might find something a little more strange and a little more hidden that you have noticed before. Intrigued? Well you should be with Faffenburger's Odyssey! \n Answer: The Girl Who Believed In Fairys",
            "output": [
                "Which story is more well-received by young girls?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-068e65a358674bb8a5b562a15c41c914",
            "input": "Article: Preparing for a medical emergency involving your pet is always best accomplished before the event takes place.This series is designed to help guide you through the important decisions about first aid, as well as how and when to transport your pet quickly and safely to a veterinary hospital or emergency ability. VeterinaryPartner.com has provided this complete reference book online for you to skim through, expanding your knowledge of dog and cat first aid;however, we encourage you to buy the book to keep in your home or car as a quick reference during an emergency. This book is an emergency preparedness ready-reference for dogs and cats.Wise preventive measures, intelligent use of first aid principles, coupled with recognition of abnormal symptoms and treatment of disorders, diseases, and problems, lead to effective health care. A working knowledge of this information will help you get rid of some potentially dangerous circumstances and help you prepare for emergency situations. It includes information on what to do and what not to do in specific emergency situations.The authors encourage careful reading and occasional rereading.We have tried to make this book easy to understand, avoiding technical terms as often as possible, but defining them in context when they are necessary. \n Answer: Because it contains a working knowledge of information about dogs and cats.",
            "output": [
                "Why are we advised to buy the book?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8fd15f65f18f43529964cb6216667815",
            "input": "Article: It was Saturday, so Mr. Smith did not have to go to work. It had snowed heavily the night before, and Mr. Smith's son Bobby had a new sledge  , which he had been very eager to try out for a long while. There was a good slope   in a park not far away from the Smiths' house -- a slope which children often used for their sledges, so Mr. Smith agreed to take Bobby there in the car. They put the sledge in and went off.  When they reached the park, they found that there were already a lot of boys there, each boy with a sledge of his own. They were sliding down the slope at great speed, and then pulling their sledges up again for another go.  Mr. Smith stood by, watching them with a smile. It was obvious that each and every one of them had much fun. After a few moments, Mr. Smith suddenly saw among the boys a kid who was small and poorly-dressed, and did not have a sledge. This boy had flattened out one old cardboard box, and was sliding down the slope on that. Mr. Smith felt very sorry for this poor boy, and determined to tell his son Bobby to share his new sledge with the boy.  But before he could catch Bobby to speak to him, he was somewhat surprised -- and much more delighted -- to notice that several of the older boys in the park were already offering the poor boy their nice sledges. Mr. Smith watched them with greater interest -- and suddenly realized that the bigger boys were not doing this because they felt sorry for the poor boy, but because they enjoyed riding on his cardboard box more than on their own sledges. They were actually waiting eagerly and impatiently for a turn on the flattened cardboard box! \n Answer: To test and play with his new sledge.",
            "output": [
                "What did Bobby desire to do for a long time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-11a32ea3ec2c4710a6126027ef7610ef",
            "input": "Article: Sweetest Day is celebrated on the third Saturday in October as a day to make someone happy. It is an occasion which offers all of us an opportunity to remember not only the sick, the aged, and children who have lost their parents, but also friends, workmates,  s and neighbors whose helpfulness and kindness we have enjoyed.  Over 60 years ago, when a Cleveland man noticed that some people, such as children who lost their parents and patients who lay in bed, too often felt forgotten and  _ , he developed in his mind the idea of showing them that they were remembered. He did this by giving them small gifts. With the help of his friends and neighbors, he gave those people small gifts on a Saturday in October. During the years that followed, other Clevelanders began to take part in the celebration, which came to be called \"Sweetest Day\". Over time, the Sweetest Day idea of spreading cheer to the poor, the sick and children who had lost their parents was broadened to include everyone, and became an occasion for remembering others with a kind act or a small gift. Soon the idea spread to other cities all over the USA. Sweetest Day is not based on any single group's religious  beliefs or on a family relationship. It is a reminder that a thoughtful word or deed enriches life and gives it meaning.  Because for many people remembering takes the form of gift giving, Sweetest Day offers us the opportunity to show others that we care, in a positive way. \n Answer: Giving flowers to sweethearts.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following has little relationship to Sweetest Day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18fa5e4770644644afcb652cb7d10fea",
            "input": "Article: How do you improve your English speaking skills, so that you can communicate more easily and effectively? These tips will help you to become a more confident speaker. Practice where you can and when you can. Any practice is good--- whether you speak to someone who is a native English speaker or not. It's important to build your confidence. If possible, use simple sentence structure that you know is correct so that you can concentrate on getting your message across. Try to experiment with the English you know. Apply words and phrases you know to new situations. Native English speakers are more likely to correct you if you use the wrong word than if you use the wrong grammar. Experimenting with vocabulary is a really good way of getting feedback  Try to respond to what people say to you. You can often get clues to what people think by looking at their body language. Respond to them in a natural way. Try not to translate into and from your own language. It takes too much time and you will find it difficult to get an English answer right away. You don?t know how to do well. The more you want to act well, the more slowly you act. This will make you more shilly-shally. If you forget a word, do what native English speakers do all the time ,and say things that 'fill' the conversation. This is better than remaining completely silent. Try using ' um',or 'er',if you forget the word. Don't speak too fast! It? s important to use a natural rhythm in speaking English, but if you speak too fast it will be difficult for people to understand you. Try to relax when you speak and you,11 find that your mouth does most of the pronunciation work for you. Speak English at normal speed. Final tips --Try to become less hesitant and more confident. --Don't be shy to speak------ the more you do it, the more confident you,11 become. --Remember to be polite------ use \"please\" and \"thank you\" if you ask someone to do something for you. \n Answer: Suggestions on becoming a confident speaker.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-57f020c872344dc0a130ae38fb3bff7d",
            "input": "Article: Look carefully and you'll find musicians at the top of almost any industry. The television broadcaster Paula Zahn(cello) and the NBC chief White House correspondent Chuck Todd (French horn) attended college on music scholarships; Both Microsoft's Mr. Allen and the venture capitalist Rogar McNamee have rock bands. Lorry Page, a co-founder of Google, played saxophone in high school. The former World Bank president James D. Wolfensohn has played cello at Carnegie Hall. The connection isn't a coincidence. I know because I asked. I put the question to top-flight professionals in industries from tech to finance to media, all of whom had serious ( if often little-known) past lives as musicians. Almost all made a connection between their music training and their professional achievements. Will your school music program turn your kid into a Paul Allen, the billionaire co-founder of Microsoft (guitar)? Or a Woody Allen (clarinet )? Probably not. These are outstanding achievers. But the way these and other visionaries   I spoke to process music is interesting. But the key question is: why does that connection exist? Paul Allen offers an answer. He says music \"establish your confidence in the ability to create.\" He began playing the violin at age 7 and switched to the guitar as a teenager. Even in the early days of Microsoft, he would pick up his guitar at the end of marathon days of programming. The music was the emotional analog   to his day job, both of them show his different creativity. He says, \"something is pushing you to look beyond what currently exists and express yourself in a new way.\" For many of the high achievers I spoke with, music functions as a \"hidden language,\" as Mr. Wolfensohn calls it, one that enhances the ability to connect different or even opposite ideas. When he ran the World Band, Mr. Wolfensohn traveled to more than 100 countries, often taking in local performances (and occasionally joining in on a borrowed cello), which helped him understand \"the culture of people\". Consider the qualities these high achievers say music has sharpened : cooperation, creativity, discipline and the capacity to coordinate   conflicting ideas. All are qualities obviously absent from public life. Music may not make you a genius, or rich, or even a better person. But it helps train you to think differently, to process different points of views --- and most important, to take pleasure in listening. \n Answer: Music helps Mr. Wolfensohn have a better understanding of the different culture.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f9aab922de844ee99f04f7b20225ef6",
            "input": "Article: I woke up late and had breakfast in a hurry.I had never been late and didn't want my boss to be unsatisfied. However,it seemed that the day wasn't a lucky one for me from the very second I left my flat.The moment I wanted to rush downstairs,one of my stiletto heels  broke.I had to return to change my red shoes.I also had to change my purse and other little things that I had tried to match with the shoes.I was sure I would be late for work. On my way to work I had to wait for over half an hour because of an accident.I had no choice but to wait.I phoned my boss and he told me that it was no problem,but he needed me for the meeting with the Japanese clients  that morning. Finally,I arrived at the office one hour later.I had to keep calm and be fresh for the meeting to make the clients sure that our plan was the best for their future business project.However,I left the plan I had made the night before at home and was going to make a presentation  about it to the clients.I was about to get angry when I realised that I had a copy of it in my office. At last,the meeting came to an end and it turned out to be a success.But I have to say that I had a terrible day,full of incidents. \n Answer: She had a traffic accident on the way to work.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT the reason of the writer being late for her work?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b5aef31a12304a78b86cfc63fd575d1c",
            "input": "Article: A green roof is a roof of a building that is covered with vegetation over a waterproof membrane  . It is a proper method of growing plants on the roof and does not refer to the mere green color of the roof. People benefit a lot from these green roofing systems, and they are gaining popularity day by day. Human beings have occupied major areas of land and transformed them into huge buildings, which has severely affected the environment and the natural habitat of bird and insects. Green roofing compensates for that. It creates a natural habitat for creatures like bees, grasshoppers and other insects. Modern roofs need a lot of energy to control the temperatures in winter and summer. However, green roofs reduce the amount of energy required for controlling temperatures, thus making them energy-efficient. As green roofing is highly energy-efficient, it can act as a encouragement for people who are interested in green roofing systems and their benefits. It will increase the market value of the building and fetch the owner a great share of profit. As the vegetation requires a water supply, there is a inbuilt water preservation layer in the green roof system. This layer helps to keep the rainwater. It makes full use of the rainwater and prevents wastage. During heavy rains, the water runs off the flat roof. The green roof prevents this overflow by slowing down the volume of running water. Green roofs can compensate for the lost greenery in urban areas and increase the artistic value of an area. Your building will look beautiful, coated with green vegetation. Green roofs can serve as local community garden and create a natural atmosphere, giving physical and psychological benefits like reducing stress levels in people and keeping them physically fit. Besides, people can start their own small-scale cultivation  and experience the pleasure of gardening. \n Answer: it is covered with grass, flowers or other plants",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about a green roof?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-003bdf8e1b8d4179b15934b3c0b01129",
            "input": "Article: Anthony was sad. He was, as he put it, \"not very bright\" and couldn't win the attention of his very wealthy parents, who preferred his \"clever\" older brother. At age 8, Anthony was sent away to a boarding school in his native England, even though he screamed and pleaded with his parents year after year not to send him. \"The thought was ,it would be good for me,\" he recalled. It was not. Anthony did badly in his studies, had few friends and was bullied for five years. \"My teachers couldn't have had a lower opinion of me,\" he said. \"I wasn't even smart enough to rebel. The one thing I remember from the very earliest age was the desire to write. When I was 10 years old, I remember asking my parents to get me a typewriter for my birthday because I wanted to be a writer.\" Now, at 55, Anthony is one of the world's most successful children's book authors. His Alex Rider series has sold more than 5 million copies,and the eighth book featuring the young spy, Crocodile Tears, has come out. The Alex Rider books tell the adventures of 14-year-old Alex Rider, an agent for the British intelligence agency M16. Anthony says he doesn't try to write for kids; it just comes out that way.\" I have a feeling that it has something to do with purity and simplicity. I give as little information as is necessary to describe the room, the character in the room, and get on with the action,\" he said. The style has also made Anthony a successful writer of television shows for adults in Britain because, he says, writing books for kids is a lot like writing television for grown-ups: In both cases, it's all about entertaining people with a good story. Now, Anthony couldn't be happier with his life. He sums up his success:\"...you can be anything you want to be if you just believe in yourself. I do believe it completely.\" \n Answer: Studying in a boarding school proved a good choice for him.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true of Anthony?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e549dcfa13c9446e8d69e114afe89dce",
            "input": "Article: Several Holiday Houses in Sicily and Its Islands Baglio Fontana, Buseto Paiizzoio, Trapani,Sicily Grapes have been harvested at this traditional family farm since the early 18ih century. Old photos of the family cover the walls of tlie sitting room. A farm museum exhibits ancient tools and you can have a taste of wine in the country restaurant. All the rooms combine modem comforts with original features. You can also swim in the pool. Doubles from EUR 100 per night,+39 0923 855000  Club Levante,Pantelleria Reaching Pantelleria by plane is striking; by boat from Trapani it is thrilling. It's a surprisingly stylish place for nature-lovers seeking privacy and peace, and is run by warmhearted Matteo and his father. There's a small restaurant. Bedrooms are elegant, a couple of which have a sea view from the bed. Doubles from EUR 130 per night,+39 0923 915246  Giardinl di Pantelleria, Pantelleria Come for an adventurous week of walking, boating and hot-springing in an ancient, dramatic landscape. Five thousand years ago, Pantelleria was mined for volcanic glass to make spears and knives, and our ancestors left some fascinating tombs. Local Arabs built circular shelters for their traditional stone houses with two-metre-tliick rock walls. From EUR400 a week for an apartment sleeping two, +39 340 6156112  Villa Punta San Nicola, Favignana Favignana is not very famous. It's just a hatitat for those Italians who are familiar with the area. This trio   of single-storey sandstone houses are owned and were designed by a former fashion photographer. They are half buUl into the rocks and simply but stylishly furnished. There's a beautiful rocky beach just a few steps away. Apartmenis sleeping 2 from EUR 650 c week, + 39 335 337054 \n Answer: It has a history of about three hundred years.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about Baglio Montana?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2304dfc22ee44be6b2ad7d182a125a87",
            "input": "Article: It was once unheard-of to be a businessman in China. Nowadays, though, it's quite common to become your own boss. Let's say you have an idea. Maybe you want to open an English school or sell Japanese comics. First, you need a business plan. It sets out what you'll sell and how much everything will cost. Most businesses that fail didn't have this. If you need to borrow money at the start, banks will ask for a detailed plan. The best starting place for a business plan is the 4Ps: product, place, price and promotion. All these must be strong to be successful. #Product Your product must have something unique. What makes it special compared to other similar products? If you want to start a noodle shop that has nothing new, don't expect people to show much interest. You can research your product. For food, let people try it for free. For toys, let a few children play with them to see if they like them. #Place There's no point having a product that people want to buy if your shop is in an empty mall. Think about which type of person is going to buy what you sell. Where do they usually go shopping? When looking at possible places, spend the day there. See how many people pass by. Also, are there other shops nearby selling similar products? _ , how can you be better than them? #Price Work out how much it costs to make or provide your product. As a general rule, your price will be double the cost. After all, you're also paying for rent, staff and you need to eat too! #Promotion How can you attract people to your shop? Advertising in newspapers and on TV is expensive. Perhaps you can get free advertising by getting a newspaper to write about your business. \n Answer: Preparations for starting a business.",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-483dcd7c2a4f40ccbba2c19aabfd5fcb",
            "input": "Article: Father Maurice Chase used a special way to celebrate his 90th birthday. The Catholic priest took $ 15,000 in cash to Los Angeles' gutter  and gave it away. Twenty wheelchair-bound people received $100 bills, while the rest received $1to $ 3 each. \"I come out here to tell them that God loves them and I love them and that someone is concerned about them,\" Chase said. Chase has given away cash and blessings every Sunday at the same corner for 24 years. Several hundred people wait for him every week. He makes a point of coming on Thanksgiving and Christmas, too, but this is the first year he spent his birthday in the downtown neighborhood where people live mainly in shelters and on dirty sidewalks. \"It's the place that makes me the happiest.I just love it,\" said Chase. \"I look forward to coming here.\" The money comes from donations he receives from rich and famous people he met during his work as assistant to the president of Loyola Marymount University. The crowd broke into choruses of \"Happy Birthday\" several times. Some people presented him birthday cards, to his delight. Travis Kemp, a 51-year-old disabled man with long black hair, was one of the lucky 20 to receive $ 100. He said he had no special plans for spending the money. \"He has a lot of respect from me,\" Kemp said. \"I know I couldn't do it.\" \n Answer: Going to Los Angeles' gutter to help people there.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following makes Chase feel the happiest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3727027dfd71497f84c88cc44a7cc8c5",
            "input": "Article: Biomass energy , often forgotten as promising alternative to oil, received its day in the sun with the gathering of the Bio-Energy World Congress and Exposition in Atlanta, Georgia, late in April, 2007. Nearly 1700 scientists, businessmen and policy-makers, one-quarter from the foreign nations, gathered for a week to discuss various means of squeezing usable energy out of trees, crops, sea plants and urban waste. Biomass energy in the prefix = st1 /United Statescontributes 2.5 percent of the total supply, but this amount can be doubled by 2017 and then doubled again by the year 2027.   Eight percent of Sweden's energy supply, for example, is presently coming from wood and pulp  remaining. Swedenintends to raise this percentage by more intensive harvesting of waste food lying around in forests, and through the planting of so-called energy forests of fast-growing trees such as willow.   Brazilis frequently pointed to as a nation with a major successful investment in energy coming from grains: it presently runs 330,000 automobiles on a water and alcohol mixture, replacing 10 percent of its previous oil supply. Brazilian representatives at the conference said they wish to double this in five years, with a final goal of total replacement. Most of the cars are built at the factory to use the mixture, while older models are changed through low-cost government programs. \n Answer: Three-quarters of the representatives were from theU.S.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f0e297bbe6f0404fa6e818e28569b977",
            "input": "Article: Are you a dog person or a cat person? With so many photos and videos of cats and dogs doing cute things online, it's easier than ever to answer which of these furry friends you like more. There are many reasons why people prefer one type of pet over the other. So, have you ever wondered what your preference for cats or dogs says about you? In fact, a 2010 study done by Sam Gosling, a psychologist at the University of Texas, US, and his graduate student Carson Sandy found that dog people are more extroverted  , agreeable and conscientious   than cat people. \"Cats will occasionally engage in social activities, but usually after only a few minutes they will give up the game. Dogs, on the other hand, will often engage in play, like fetching a thrown ball, for hours at a time,\" said Modern Dog magazine. Just on the basis of dogs' nature being more sociable than cats', you may expect that the personalities of dog people also reflect higher sociability. And Gosling's study found that dog people are generally about 15 percent more extroverted and 13 percent more agreeable, both of which are associated with social orientation  . In addition, dog people are 11 percent more conscientious than cat people. \"Conscientiousness\" is a tendency to show self-discipline, to complete tasks and aim for achievement. This trait also shows a preference for planned rather than spontaneous   behavior. In comparison, cat people are about 12 percent more anxious, but they are also 11 percent more \"open\" than dog people, due to a general appreciation for art, emotion, imagination, curiosity, adventure, unusual ideas and variety of experience. And people high on openness are more likely to hold unconventional beliefs. Despite so many differences, there are some things that cat people and dog people have in common. \"Both types of people consider themselves close to nature, dislike animal-print clothing and generally look on the better side of life,\" noted Mother Nature Network. \n Answer: What your preference for dogs or cats tells about you.",
            "output": [
                "What does the article mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a0fab42468144549a7f90dcf05c05d38",
            "input": "Article: In the Western world in-laws usually don't get along well with each other or with a new spouse . Perhaps they have a problem in understanding that their wonderful child has now grown up and got married. Maybe they don't like the spouse their child picked. Or maybe they just don't think that anyone will ever be good enough for their own \"baby\". So what can the newly married people do? First of all, go for a long honeymoon. This will give you two things. First, it will give you time to get close to your new partner. Now you must stay with him or her just as you said on your wedding day. Second, it will give the in-laws time to cool down after the exciting wedding. Enjoy your honeymoon! When you return, it will be time to start dealing with the rest of the family. After you get back from your honeymoon, move to another place. Do whatever you need to do. Change your job. Start a new career, and so on. If you stay near your home or move into a house just down the street from either family, you'll get in trouble. Trust me! You also need to start making new family traditions. You don't have to make your mum's apple pie for Thanksgiving. You don't have to go to both families on Christmas Eve! Relax. You don't have to have both soon-to-be grandmothers with you when you are giving birth! Don't give in to in-law pressure. Finally, talk with other new spouses. They will encourage you and give you support for the never-ending and ongoing reality of having in-laws. \n Answer: To find a chance to enjoy their time alone.",
            "output": [
                "Why should newly married spouses go for a honeymoon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-691904aeb81b4b128cbbceb9a59cb5f0",
            "input": "Article: Do you know about a series of books that say they are \"for dummies\"? These American selfhelp books have been translated into more than thirty nine languages including Chinese,Arabic,Russian,French,German,Greek and Spanish. \"Dummy\" is a word for a stupid person.The dummies books are not really for stupid people.They are designed to show people how to do something they may never have tried before,like painting a house or learning a language.The books all say in a funny way that they are for dummies,such as World History for Dummies,Rabbits for Dummies,Chinese Cooking for Dummies,and Wedding Planning for Dummies.The first such book,DOS for Dummies,was published in 1991.It helped people learn how to use the DOS operating system for computers.Since then,more than one hundred fifty million dummies books have been sold. The dummies.com website explains the idea behind the books.It says that they show people can be taught to do anything.First they can make fun of ideas that are difficult to understand.Then they show how the information can be interesting and easy.The publishers say that the books do not provide more information than necessary.They give readers just enough information to do what they want.They say that the dummies books give the best and easiest way to do something.And the books use simple and easy language. There are more than one thousand different dummies books.A report in New York Times says that the top-selling dummies books are those that explain technology and personal finance. The publishers say that the best-selling dummies books are those providing information many people need-like information about diseases,education and cooking.People interested in opera,car repair and wine can also find dummies books to help them.And there are even more dummies books to come.The publishers say that they publish about two hundred new dummies books every year. \n Answer: Books for Dummies",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e4e85b312745448e8a432c59d3a2f37f",
            "input": "Article: Today, innovations  to make our lives more eco-friendly can be found everywhere. There are energy-efficient automobiles, eco-friendly light bulbs, and clothes made by fashion designers using sustainable  environmental practices. Industries around the world have also begun to take a serious look at how their operations affect the local and global environment.  The university of Colorado has been named one of the top green colleges and universities in the United States. This university was one of the first to start a student-led recycling program in the 1970s and today supplies students with reusable shopping bags to use both on and off campus. The entire University of Colorado also uses low flow water fixtures  and has reduced water usage by 40 percent since 2002.  When it comes to going green, Warren Wilson College has been recognized in many places. The Sierra Club and The Princeton Review have named the college as one of America's greenest colleges and universities, while the school has also received the Outstanding College Recycling Award from the Carolina Recycling Association, as well as awards from the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education(AASHE). For a small college, Warren Wilson has made enormous efforts to be an eco-friendly campus since its beginning, and today owns a campus farm, a seeding program, and an extensive recycling program. Warren Wilson was also the first College to have an LEED platinum certified  residence hall, and its building services department is also 100 percent GreenSeal certified. According to College Stats, Warren Wilson College is one of the first institutions in the United States to be almost completely self-sufficient  while also engaging students to incorporate sustainability into all academic programs.  Going green efforts at Oberlin College have not gone unnoticed. Oberlin College spends 22 percent of its food budget on buying food from local farmers, with most of the food raised or harvested with organic and sustainable practices. Oberlin has also stopped selling bottled water on campus and offers discounts to students who use their own storage containers when purchasing beverages and food items. Among Oberlin's other eco-friendly accomplishments is a green graduation ceremony, which includes programs printed on 100 percent recycled paper. \n Answer: It is the most eco-friendly university.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the University of Colorado?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-544adb67443640098a60b314da5d5d1d",
            "input": "Article: Jascha Richter once sang \"don't need too much talking without saying anything\" to reveal his lonely feeling in a crowd. Dad always told me never to ever reveal my true opinions towards other people if such opinions are negative. He said this is the \"Chu Shi Zhe Xue\", the philosophy of dealing with social network. It seems that everybody here just follows this philosophy very, very well. Friends. I would say that if I were given true friendship I would definitely treasure it with my greatest care. If I really regard someone as my close friend, I would never leave her alone whenever she's in need, either financially or mentally. And I always believe, as long as I treat people with whole-hearted honesty, I would have some rewards--at least, just ONE true friend of the same gender . Sometimes I just miss my friends in China. Perhaps when we became friends, we were still young, too young to have been polluted by any dirt in the society. But here, it is simply different. It seems that all of us have learnt how to SURVIVE in a foreign land and such an experience actually makes us learn how to extract   the most benefits from the surroundings in order to survive. All are friends around me. I've looked through all the dark sides of their personalities and yet I have to pretend that I know nothing. THEY ARE GOOD. THEY ARE GOOD. AND WE ARE FRIENDS. And then I can make myself comfortable enough to talk to people I hate the most. And of course, they don't say any words truly from their hearts. Neither do I. But, sometimes I just feel unwilling to talk to these people. Sometimes, I just want to be alone, quietly, without being forced to listen to their gossip or other useless words. \"Standing on a mountain high Looking at the moon through a clear blue sky I should go and see some friends But they don't really comprehend\" Jascha Richter expresses my feelings also. \n Answer: He possibly gets on well with others.",
            "output": [
                "67. What do we know about the writer's father according to this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1164767dc13148998ff94dbf21b15618",
            "input": "Article: Different people like doing different things;different people have different hobbies. My brother is fond of collecting stamps. He has a very good collection and he is proud of it. His stamps can tell you about different people and different countries. My brother often says that his hobby is popular with people of all ages. Collecting stamps is easy and interesting. It is great fun. You begin to learn many interesting facts about history and famous people when you start to collect stamps. At first people collect every kind of stamp. But soon they begin to make special collections. Sometimes they specialize in stamps of one subject only,for example,birds,animals,flowers or sports. Birds or sports,are your theme .This kind of collecting is called thematic. My brother's collection is thematic. His theme is fish. My best friend,Alice,is a collector too. She is fond of collecting badges .Her collection is also thematic. Her theme is sports. She keeps her badges on the wall. When you come into her room you can see _ all there. My grandfather collected coins when he was a boy. Some people collect dolls. My uncle does. When he travels he always brings home dolls from different countries. Some people collect pictures,cups,toys,toy soldiers,books,pencils and many other things. But collecting things is not the only hobby people have. Some people are fond of travelling or gardening. Very many boys and girls are fond of sport and that is their hobby. My aunt's hobby is taking pictures and my mother is fond of music. If you have one,what is your hobby? \n Answer: Interesting hobbies",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5541e071fadb44a49c28e8ce8e184593",
            "input": "Article: Joshua, Helmut, and Bethlehem Michelle O. Donovan  ISBN 9781462058679               Life is not easy for nine-year-old Joshua during World War II. Because of his family's Jewish background, they are sent to live in the concentration camps . Scared and alone, Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he calls Bethlehem who becomes his closest friend. Encourage Me! Inspirational Poetry Gloria Coykendall ISBN 9781412027854               It is an easytoread collection of poems originally written to encourage in faith and to be a cure for chronic depression ... cure to strengthen identity and purpose. Seeking the Edge Dr.Joseph L.Rose ISBN 9781462031795               Seeking the Edge provides the tools and techniques to find that edge in one's life-driving readers to achieve success whether in your current job, finding a new job, in education, family, or even hobbies. More Things in Heaven Bill Bosworth ISBN 9780595433582               In his More Things in Heave, Bill Bosworth presents the highlights of his 83 years of life,including his trips to India and the study of the writings of several great spiritual leaders. More Things in Heaven will appeal to anyone who insists on finding the deepest meaning for their existence based on their own experiences. Creation or Evolution Michael Ebifegha ISBN 9781450289023                Were humans created,or did they evolve? How old is the Earth? The debate between science and religion continues to be heated. In Creation or Evolution, Michael Ebifegha examines these two opposed world views within the structure of empirical science. \n Answer: Michelle O. Donovan",
            "output": [
                "Who wrote the story about a little boy and a little mouse?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-33cf63c1a5e941549b149d7bc0533b0a",
            "input": "Article: The Chinese mainland and Taiwan today extended the number of regular cross-Straits direct passenger flights from 108 to 270 a week. Six cities, which are Hefei, Harbin, Nanchang, Guiyang, Ningbo and Jinan, are joining another 21 mainland cities in operating direct passenger flights to Taiwan, the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) said. The 108 direct passenger flights previously operated were all classed as chartered flights. The new services will contain both regular chartered and scheduled flights. Among the 27 designated mainland terminals , 25 will launch scheduled direct passenger flights from Monday to Saturday, to Taipei's Taoyuan or Kaohsiung airports. Scheduled direct  _ flights will belaunched between Shanghai, Guangzhou on the mainland and Taoyuan, Kaohsiung, which will bring the total number of weekly chartered and scheduled cargo flights to 28, according to the CAAC. The mainland and Taiwan began direct air and sea transport links and postal services on Dec 15 last year. Previously, air and sea connections, including mail, were routed through a third location, usually Hong Kong. On Nov 4 last year, the mainland and Taiwan agreed to regular direct passenger charter flights across the Straits. Before that, flights were only offered on weekends and during the country's four major traditional festivals - the Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival. (Xinhua Agency) \n Answer: Harbin",
            "output": [
                "Which city is not included in the six cities?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c687f580b6ee46349ae66df8603b89da",
            "input": "Article: Item 1:  JK Rowling, the Harry Potter author, has signed a publishing deal with Little Brown, to release her first ever novel for adults. The deal means that Rowling's long-standing relationship with Bloomsbury, the London-based publisher that launched the Harry Potter books, has come to an end, at least in terms of new works by the author. Rowling, who is worth an estimated PS530 million, said that the new novel will be nothing like the Harry Potter series, which sold over 30 million copies in the UK alone. She said that with the move from children's to adult fiction, a move to a new publisher seemed like a logical step.  Item 2:  China's hurdler Liu Xiang was disqualified Thursday at the Stockholm indoor athletics tournament due to false start, giving his rival Dayron Robles of Cuba an easy win of 7.66 seconds. Liu was not willing to explain the reason of his false start, but he told Xinhua that it was not related to his foot injury. Another Cuban Orlando Ortega followed in 7.68 seconds and Balazs Baji of Hungary stood third in 7.70 seconds. Last Saturday, Liu won the men's 60m hurdle final in 7.41 seconds at the Birmingham indoor tournament, setting a new Asian record. He said Wednesday that he hoped to have an even better performance than he did in Birmingham at the Stockholm indoor tournament.                             Item 3:  Former NBA star and current Bobcats owner Michael Jordan filed suit in a Chinese court against Qiaodan Sports Company Limited, a sportswear and footwear manufacturer, for the use of his name without permission. Jordan says \"This complaint is not about money, it's about principle and protecting my name.\" The Chinese company has registered and uses the name \"Qiaodan\". Jordan has been known in China since he gained widespread popularity in the mid-1980s.  Item 4:  A commuter train crashed at a busy central station in Buenos Aires on Wednesday, killing 49 passengers and injuring more than 600 people, the deadliest in a series of train accidents in Argentina over the past years. The train crashed at about 8:30 a.m. at its final stop at the Once Station, not far from downtown Buenos Aires. The train was carrying more than 800 passengers and traveling at an estimated 16 miles per hour when it entered the station, slamming into the barrier of the platform, destroying the engine. \n Answer: We don't know",
            "output": [
                "What is the publisher of Rowling's new book for adult?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-650f9963af994d6296fc8d3cc4a79148",
            "input": "Article: When someone says, \"Well, I guess I'll have to face the music,\" it doesn't mean he is planning to go to a concert. It is something far less pleasant, like being called in by your boss to explain why you did this and did that, and why you did not do this or that. Terrible music indeed, but it has to be faced. At sometime or another, every one of us has had to \"face the music\", especially as children. We can remember father's angry voice, \"I want to talk to you!\" And only because we did not obey him. What an unpleasant business it was! The phrase \"face the music\" is known to every American, old and young. It is at least one hundred years old. Where did the expression come from? The first explanation came from the American novelist, James Fenimore Cooper. He said, in 1851, that expression was first used by actors while waiting in the wings to go on the stage. After they got their clue to go on, they often said.  \"It's time to face the music.\" And that was exactly what they did - facing the orchestra  which was just below the stage. An actor might be frightened or nervous as he moved on to the stage in front of the audience that might be friendly, or perhaps unfriendly, especially if he forgot his lines. But he had to go out. If he did not, there would be no play. So the expression \"face the music\" came to mean \"having to go through something, no matter how unpleasant the experience might be, because you knew you had no choice.\" \n Answer: If you'd like to enjoy songs, you'll face the music.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a3e3cc7ab6454747b8c3774f92e17020",
            "input": "Article: Most people are aware that outdoor air pollution can damage their health,but many do not know that indoor air pollution can also have significant health effects.Environmental Protection Agency studies indicate that indoor levels of pollutants may be 3~5 times,and occasionally more than 100 times,higher than outdoor levels.These levels of indoor air pollutants may be of particular concern because most people spend about 90% of their time indoors. There are many sources of indoor air pollution in any home.These include sources such as oil,gas,coal,wood,and tobacco products,building materials,wet or damp carpet,and furniture made of certain pressed wood products,products for household cleaning and maintenance,personal care,or hobbies,central heating and cooling systems. Immediate effects may show up after a single exposure   or repeated exposures.These include _ of the eyes,nose,and throat,headaches,dizziness.Such immediate effects are usually shortterm and treatable.Sometimes the treatment is simply removing the person's exposure to the source of the pollution,if it can be identified. The likelihood of immediate reactions to indoor air pollutants depends on several factors.Age and preexisting medical conditions are two important influences.In other cases,whether a person reacts to a pollutant depends on individual sensitivity,which varies tremendously from person to person.Some people can become sensitized to biological pollutants after repeated exposures,and it appears that some people can become sensitized to chemical pollutants as well. Certain immediate effects are similar to those from colds or other viral   diseases,so it is often difficult to determine if the symptoms are a result of exposure to indoor air pollution.While pollutants commonly found in indoor air are responsible for many harmful effects,there is considerable uncertainty about what concentrations or periods of exposure are necessary to produce specific health problems.People also react very differently to exposure to indoor air pollutants.Therefore,further research is needed to better understand the effects of indoor air pollution and to find efficient ways to protect our health. \n Answer: Refrigerators.",
            "output": [
                "According to the author,which may NOT be the source of indoor air pollution?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7d31e027d9474a34a28fab41aa3d2ec8",
            "input": "Article: LONDON (Reuters)    Ecotourism is causing a lot of damage to wildlife and may be endangering the survival of the very animals people are flocking to see, according to researchers. Biologists and conservationists are worried because polar bears, dolphins, penguins and other creatures are getting stressed and losing weight and some are dying. \"Evidence is growing that many animals do not react well to tourists in their backyard,\" New Scientist magazine said. The immediate effects \"researchers have noticed are changes in behavior, heart rates. or stress hormone levels but they fear it could get much worse and over the long term \" could endanger the survival of the very wildlife they want to see. \" Although money produced through ecotourism, which has been growing at about 10-30 percent a year, has major benefits for poor countries and people living in rural areas, the Swiss-based World Conservation Union (IUCN) and some governments fear not all projects are audited  and based on environmentally friendly policies,according to the magazine. Transmission of disease to wildlife,or small changes to wildlife health through disturbance of daily life or increased stress levels, while not obvious to the casual observer, may translate to lower survival and breeding,\" said Philip Seddon , of the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand. Scientists have noticed that bottleneck dolphins along the northeastern coast of New Zealand become nervously excited when tourist boats arrive. Similar changes in behavior have been observed in polar bears and yellow-eyed penguins in areas visited by colorists are producing smaller babies. Conservationists are now calling for more research into the effect of ecotourism on animals and say the industry must be developed carefully. They also want studies done before new ecotourism projects are started.  _ said Rochelle Constantine of the University of Auckland in New Zealand \n Answer: birth rate",
            "output": [
                "Which is not discovered to have changed in animals disturbed by tourists?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69df2e13e0c74a38883991aaab2c0595",
            "input": "Article: By Zhang Youlv (China Daily 09/29/2008)--A manned lunar   landing is China's next target when the current three-stage space program ends in the next dacade. \"When our manned space program is completed, we will travel even further,\" Wang Zhaoyao, deputy head of China's manned space program office and Shenzhou VII mission spokesman, told a briefing in Beijing three hours after China's third manned space mission was successfully concluded yesterday. \"After comprehensively analyzing the general trend of the international development of manned space, as well as realities in China, we see a manned lunar landing as a both challenging and tactical   field in global hi-tech,\" he said. \"We believe it necessary for our country to do something in this field,\" Wang said. He did not give a specific  date for a moon landing. Wang, however, said, \"Experts believe this is 'very much needed' for research into relevant (closely connected) technologies to further China's achievements in space.\" The 68-hour Shenzhou VII mission featured a 25-minute spacewalk on Saturday. It was broadcast live and watched by millions throughout the country. The crew's landing at a site in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region was also carried live by national television. The entire mission was pronounced a complete success. Wang said the three astronauts, were transported to Hohhot, the region's capital, and would spend the evening there. \"They will return to Beijing this morning,\" he said. \"During the course of the mission, Russian experts provided strong technical support for the EVA spacesuits. The successful Sino-Russian cooperation for this flight created beneficial conditions for more intensive cooperation between the two sides in the future,\" Wang said. The mission's success has paved the way for completing the second stage of the program--building a space station before 2020. Before that, a space lab will be set up in 2010 with Shenzhou X, the country's next full-crew space journey. \n Answer: No specific date.",
            "output": [
                "When will China's spaceship land on the moon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cdeed531dce7469f90ea31fc9a13af49",
            "input": "Article: The day my husband fell to his death,it started to snow,just like any November day.His body,when I found it,was lightly covered with snow.It snowed almost every day for the next four months,while I sat on the couch and watched it pile up.One morning,I _ downstairs and was surprised to see a snow remover clearing my driveway and the bent back of a woman shoveling my walk.I dropped to my knees,crawled through the living room.And back up stairs so those good people would not see me.I was embarrassed.My first thought was,how would I ever repay them? I didn't have the strength to brush my hair let alone shovel someone's walk. Before John's death,I took pride in the fact that I rarely asked for help or favors,I defined myself by my competence and independence.So who was I if I was no longer capable and busy? How could I respect myself if all I did was sit on the couch every day and watch the snowfall? Learning how to receive the love and support that came my way wasn't easy.Friends cooked forme and l cried because I couldn't even help them set the table.\"I'm not usually this lazy,\"I wept.Finally,my friend Kathy sat down with me and said,\"Mary,cooking for you is not a burden. I love you and I want to do it.It makes me feel good to be able to do something for you.\" Over and over,I heard similar emotions from the people who supported me during those dark days.One very wise man told me,\"You are not doing nothing.Being fully open to your sorrow may be the hardest work you will everdo.\" I am not the person I once was,but in many ways I have changed for the better.My heart is now filled with thanks for people around me.I have been surprised to learn that there is incredible freedom that comes from facing one's worst fear and walking away whole.I believe there is strength,for sure,in accepting a dark period of our life. \n Answer: The writer had been busy with her life before.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-25d0efb4b43543ef94dbe1ff3614506a",
            "input": "Article: Working the night shift a few nights a month can do more than leave your eyes bleary-eyed ,suggests a study on Wednesday.     It just might increase your risk of color1ectal cancer .Nurses who worked the night shift at least three times a month for t5 years or more were 35%more likely to develop that type of cancer than nurses who never worked nights,Harvard University researchers report in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.     The finding,from the ongoing Nurses Health Study,is the first to link night shift work with a higher risk of color1ectal cancer,expected to kill 57,100 Americans this, according to the American Cancer Society.Another research,including a report out of the Nurses Health Study, has suggested that working night shifts increases women's breast cancer risk.     The researchers asked 78,586 nurses whether they had ever worked three or more night shifts a month.The nurses indicated whether they had done so for less than 15 years or 15 years or more.The scientists followed the women to see who developed color1ectal cancer.     Researchers believe that lowered levels of melatonin might increase night-shift workers' cancer risk.Melatonin levels usually reach the highest point in the middle of the night. Turn on the lights,though,and  _ dropped measurably in just 10 minutes,says Richard Stevens a cancer epidemiologist at the University of Connecticut who did not take part in the new study.After two weeks of continuous nightly exposure to light,humans experience a sharp drop in melatonin production,Nurses Health Study researchers write.    In the lab,melatonin appears to stop tumor growth.Other studies suggest that color1ectal cancer patients have lower blood levels of melatonin than healthy people,the authors write.However,that could be a result of the disease,not a cause of it.Stevens says. \n Answer: Breast cancer.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT caused by working on the night shift?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b336e21397c449ea8e4f86b7f975fa7d",
            "input": "Article: I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled ( ) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other. War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, \"Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!\" Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder. The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled ( ) under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart. Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up.   She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me. \"Thanks.\" Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn't always agree, but we learned   the key to living together: giving in cleaning up and holding on. \n Answer: She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed.",
            "output": [
                "What made Kate so angry one evening?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a3fdcc7aec8e4cfda68793d395029aa2",
            "input": "Article: What is it that makes a house a home ? A home is a place of companionship with people in it who love each other , who are harmonious and closer inside with one another than they are outside with those in the workplace or with classmates at school . A home is a place of companionship that it's difficult to leave. In a home there is love , sharing and appreciation , and the members help each other . I have seen families on the street. But if they live , sleep , talk , and eat together , they are a family, even if they are poorly off. You don't need a roof to make a home. The truly homeless are some of the rich people who build multi-million-dollar houses and are too busy to live in them . The truly homeless are those who have turned their home into a hotel lobby . The parents work. The children do wrong . They don't talk and eat together every day . They rarely see each other . The truly homeless people are _ with babysitters , caretakers , gardeners and maids. Parents are unaware , too busy making money outside the home that they don't live in . This is another way of looking at the rich and the homeless . Who is to be pitied ? Control of the computer and the Internet is also important to make a house into a home. If the computer is on all the time , the house turns into an office, even if everyone is at home . Many homes these days are just offices. Human communication has stopped . The computer eats up the time that one should be giving to others within the home . Using the computer moderately gives us time for gentleness , play and communication , not with a screen , but with a human being. \n Answer: Sometimes it's the rich that should be pitied .",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is Not True according to the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e2d8fddf74ef44a29aba7edce57b19b2",
            "input": "Article: Every weekday morning I take the 8:30 bus to go to my job. I know by sight several people who also ride in that bus. Some of the girls work as maids. They get off at each stop in ones, twos or threes. But at one corner something wonderful happens. Before the bus stops, a little dog races out of the nearest house. He doesn't look at two of the maids who get off. But for the third he has a joyful \"Hello!\" From head to tail his little body wags his happiness. Everyone on the bus watches until the maid and the dog go into the house. One day not long ago the maid wasn't on the bus. I wondered if the dog would be waiting for her. Sure enough, he was! He stood at the back door of the bus for a minute. I could see his joyful welcome turning into fearful worry. Where was she? The driver closed the back door. The dog ran to the front door. It, too, shut in his face. Everyone on the bus felt sad. Poor little pup! He looked so unhappy, standing there! The driver couldn't stand it. He opened the door and looked down at the dog. \"She didn't come today,\" he said, in a loud, kind voice. A man in a front seat leaned forward. \"Maybe she will come tomorrow,\" he called. The dog wagged his tail as if to say \"thank you.\" He watched the bus as we pulled away. Then he turned to trot home -- alone. The next day everyone on the bus was happy to see the maid back again. Yes, the dog was waiting for her. The welcome he gave her was even warmer and more delighted than usual. We all smiled at one another. How bright and good the morning suddenly seemed to us! \n Answer: A dog greets a maid merrily and follows her into a house.",
            "output": [
                "What do the people on the bus usually see at one corner?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-aceda69a86274d5189b53c61c3cd5967",
            "input": "Article: People often use gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is that the gestures can be understood in different ways. It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language.  So does laughter or crying.  Fear is another emotion  that is shown in much the same way all over the world.  In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like \"he went pale and began to tremble\" suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock. However, \"he opened his eyes wide\" is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise. In Chinese, surprise can be described in a phrase like \"they stretched out their tongues!\" \"Stretching out your tongue\" in English is an insulting(, )gesture or expresses strong dislike. Even in the same culture, people differ in their ability to understand and express feelings.  Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men at recognizing fear,  anger,  love and happiness on people's faces. Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to understand body language than younger people do. \n Answer: It is difficult to tell what people's gestures really mean sometimes.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4f36f97baa314fb0802ebce4e79c239e",
            "input": "Article: Like a backward tape, time returns to my mom's teens.She is waiting for admission results from a famous high school.She has studied for the test but with joy, since she feels no suffering in learning.Suddenly I spy her jumping and laughing, waving a paper in her hand while her family stands nearby, more shocked than happy.No one else from their village has ever passed the test. Later, at her new high school, I proudly watch as she continues to rise to the top.Many of her essays are published in newspapers, and her classmates seek her advice when a test is approaching. She never refuses them, and I feel honored to be related to such an intelligent person. As I walk with her through her journey, I finally come to the point I have been looking forward to most: her life in America. After passing several tests and finding a kind boss to sponsor her, she becomes a college student at University of California, Los Angeles. At first, I sense her loneliness and panic as she tries to adapt to her new surroundings.Though her English is broken and she knows little about American culture, I can tell she is more than grateful to be here. Here she has access to electricity and running water, and most importantly, better schools. At UCLA, she has so many opportunities to grow and advance in her field. Her journey to America was for just one reason: education.Though having an education will better her life, I know she doesn't do it for herself.My mom wants her children to have an easier life that will not require hard labor.I see what my mom goes through, and I'm filled with gratitude that she has made the brave choice to move here. \n Answer: Giving her classmates advice before tests.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following does the writer's mother do at high school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d7e2f9b08f94c7e903e75ce4120af9e",
            "input": "Article: No quick change I would be the first to say that I am not materialistic. My friends regard me as a goody-goody  . My parents say I am conservative   and modest when it comes to clothes. I don't wear bikinis, and none of my skirts or shorts end above my knees. That is my choice. So why, why did I decide to buy that skirt? My family and I were in Target, and there it was, waiting - a skirt specifically designed not to cover anything. It was light brown and looked like something one of those anime   schoolgirls would wear. I checked my purse. The skirt cost $10. I had the money. I could buy it. I imagined walking into school and my pals' jaws   dropping. Guys would ask me out, and I would be happy. I could buy it - no, I should buy it. I showed my mother. She was surprised but said it was my decision. My sister looked on jealously. I went into the dressing room to try it on. I was so sure that this skirt would change me, somehow make me not what I am but what I wished to be. I slid my jeans off and put it on. Now for the decisive moment. I looked in the mirror. There I was - a girl in a Superman T-shirt and sneakers who didn't know how to make friends with others. Of course, the skirt had not changed me. It fit me well; that wasn't the problem. It might make me look good in the eyes of today's world. But it simply was not me. I am not a girl who wears cool clothes to fit in. My glasses fogged up as I started to cry. I took the thing off and went back into the comfort and safety of modesty. My mom knocked on the door. \"Emily, are you okay?\" I wiped away my tears. \"I'm fine.\" I looked in the mirror again and saw a blond skinny girl with thick glasses and a ponytail  . I saw myself. \n Answer: They would be amazed to see the big change in her.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author think her friends would react to her new skirt?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5e96ac1090e0417780422d5f2180f4ff",
            "input": "Article: One thing the tour books don't tell you about London is that 2,000 of its residents are foxes. They ran away from the city about centuries ago after developers and pollution moved in. But now that the environment is cleaner, the foxes have come home, one of the many wild animals that have moved into urban areas around the world. \"The number and variety of wild animals in urban areas is increasing,\" says Gomer Jones, president of the National Institute for Urban Wildlife, in Columbia, Maryland. A survey of the wildlife in New York's Central Park last year _ the species of mammals, including muskrats, shrews and flying squirrels. A similar survey conducted in the 1890s counted only five species. One of the country's largest populations of raccoons   now lives in Washington D.C., and moose   are regularly seen wandering into Maine towns. Peregrine falcons  dive from the window ledges of buildings in the largest U.S. cities to prey on   pigeons. Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. Foremost is that air and water quality in many cities has improved as a result of the 1970s pollution-control efforts. Meanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbs. In addition, urban wildlife refuges  have been created. The Greater London Council last year spentPS750,000 to buy land and build 10 permanent wildlife refuges in the city. Over 1,000 volunteers have donated money and cleared rubble from derelict lots. One evening last year a fox was seen on Westminster Bridge looking up at Big Ben. For peregrine falcons, cities are actually safer than rural cliff dwellings  . By 1970 the birds had died out east of the Mississippi because the DDT had made their eggs too thin to support life. That year, scientist Tom Cade of Cornell University began raising the birds for release in cities, for cities afforded abundant food. Cities can attract wild animals without turning them harmful. The trick is to create habitats where they can be self-sufficient but still be seen and appreciated. Such habitats can even be functional. In San Francisco, the local government is testing different kinds of rainwater control basins to see not only which ones retain   the cleanest water but which will attract the most birds. \n Answer: Wildlife is appreciated in the cities.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT a reason that wildlife is returning to the cities?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2990f2089c8d46c9b7cbddbb90afdf9d",
            "input": "Article: Will there be a time in our lives when cars don't crash? When we can just sit back and relax and our cars will drive themselves. Auto technology experts say \"yes\". And they say that some of those advances may happen quicker than you might think. They will require the users to input the name of the destination or the complete address of the location that they want to go and the cars' artificial intelligence takes them there automatically without a driver. They will run on solar power in the daytime and ethanol fuel   at night. Toyota, BMW and Honda will completely control the trade of driverless car business together and will have the cheapest driverless cars. Fossil fuels will be completely incompatible   with these cars. Driverless cars will not require a driver's license of any grade to operate. Anyone with basic literacy and computer skills who are at least 16 years of age will be legally allowed to operate the vehicle with absolutely no restrictions. This would give the young users permission to operate the driverless cars on major highways as well as secondary roads without needing a separate classification. In addition to all this, drunken people will be able to use their own automobiles to return home because they are not \"driving\" the vehicle. What's more, car insurance will become _ because there will be no more automobile accidents after the year 2025. This is because the driverless car will have all safety methods in place by the car's artificial intelligence to prevent automobile accidents. Global positioning systems will become mandatory   in all newly-manufactured cars after 2010, and will be the most important part in the driverless car. \n Answer: Adults without a driver's license.",
            "output": [
                "Who will not be able to use driverless cars?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-85d1901a57504890afc16834f5cb0452",
            "input": "Article: After helping Barack Obama sweep to victory in the US election, the president-elects motto of \"change\" was Friday declared character of the year by a monk at one of Japan's most respected temples.  Using a calligraphy brush to write the single character on a wooden platform as tourists looked on, Seihan Mori, chief monk at Kiyomizu temple in the ancient capital  of Kyoto, declared \"change\" to be Japan's character of the year.      The event was hosted by a Kyoto-based group that promotes the use of \"kanji,\" the Chinese characters used in the Japanese language.      The public sent in 111,200 nominations  for the kanji of the year.      Of those, a majority 5.42 percent approved of \"change,\" followed by \"gold,\" suggesting the Beijing Olympics, and \"fall\" to show the global market decre.ase.      \"I think it is an expression of the Japanese peoples wishes to see political, economic and societal changes, as they were impressed by Mr. Obama's message of change,\" Mori said. He added that climate change also drew people attention to the significance of \"change\".      The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation(JKATF) has been conducting a poll  on the year's kanii each year since 1995. Last year's top choice was 'Nise' (fake). \n Answer: \"Change\" won Japan's character of the year.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of this passage.'?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f66949496e5149769825af1c58ace511",
            "input": "Article: On Saturday, millions of people around the world will celebrate  Saint Patrick's Day, which honors Patron Saint(a main religious figure)of Ireland. Communities across the United States will host parades , parties, and other festivities to mark the occasion.  This year, cities like Boston, New York, and Chicago have organized big events celebrating Saint Patrick's Day. In New York City, hundreds of thousands of people will gather to watch the Saint Patrick's Day parade-the nation's largest. It is one of the most watched parades in the world. Last year, almost 2 million watched it , more than 150,000 took part in it and they filled the streets. The parade, first held in 1776, is also one of the oldest.  Chicago also throws a big celebration. Every year, the Chicago River, which crosses the city, shines green as event organizers pour about 40 pounds of fluorescence, a powerful dye , into the water.   Boston keeps its parade rolling for three hours or more. It is the nation's second-largest parade. The city will also show respect to one of its most famous former residents, President John F. Kennedy, by opening the exhibit \"A Journey Home:John F. Kennedy and Ireland\", at his official library.  Patron Saint lived in Britain in the early fifth century, when it was still part of the Roman Empire. He was caught and sold into slavery in Ireland when he was only 16. He finally escaped slavery and turned to a life of religious devotion. He trained to become a minister and set out to spread Christianity throughout Ireland. After 30 years as a religious leader, Patrick died on March 17, 1461. Saint Patrick's Day is always celebrated on March 17. In Ireland, it is an official holiday. \n Answer: Saint Patrick's Day",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ba03732cfec14a899406bfc489d7df4f",
            "input": "Article: Sometime in the next century, the familiar early-newspaper on the front porch   will  disappear. And instead of reading your newspaper, it will read to you. You'll get up and turn on  the computer newspaper just like switching on the TV An electronic voice will distribute stories  about the latest events, guided by a program that selects the type of news you want. You'll even get to choose the kind of voice you want to hear. Want more information on this brief story? A simple touch makes the entire text appear. Save it in your own personal computer if you like. These are among the predictions from communication experts working on the newspapers of the future. Pictured as part of broader home-based media and entertainment systems, computer newspapers will unite print and broadcast reporting, and offer news and analysis with video images of news events. Most of the technology is available now, but convincing more people that they don't need to  read a newspaper is the next step. But resistance to computer newspapers may be stronger from  within journalism. Since it is such a cultural change, it may be that the present generation of  journalists and publishers will have to die off before the next generation realizes that the  newspaper industry is no longer a newspaper industry. Technology is making the end of ' traditional newspapers unavoidable. Despite technological advances, it could take decades to replace newsprint with computer  screens. It might take 30 t0 40 years to complete the changeover because people need to buy  computers and because newspapers have established financial interests in the paper industry. \n Answer: They are cheaper than traditional newspapers.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT an advantage of computer newspapers?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-912ee619f7924c42b97a4e75a07ac3a2",
            "input": "Article: I have a friend named Monty Roberts who owns a horse ranch in San Ysidro. He has let me use his house to put on fund-raising events to raise money for youth at risk programs.    The last time I was there he introduced me by saying, \"I want to tell you why I let Jack use my house. It all goes back to a story about a young man who was the son of a horse trainer who would go from stable to stable, race track to race track, farm to farm and ranch to ranch, training horses. As a result, the boy' s high school career was continually interrupted. When he was a senior, he was asked to write a paper about what he wanted to be and do when he grew up.\"     \"That night he wrote a seven-page paper describing his goal of someday owning a horse ranch. He wrote about his dream in great detail and he even drew a diagram of a 200 acre ranch, showing the location of all the buildings, the stables and the track. Then he drew a detailed floor plan for a 4, 000-square-foot house that would sit on a 200-acre dream ranch.\"     \"He put a great deal of his heart into the project and the next day he handed it in to his teacher. Two days later he received his paper back. On the front page was a large red F with a note that read, 'See me after class. ' \" \n Answer: Because the youth has the same dream as Monty Roberts.",
            "output": [
                "Why can the writer use Roberts' s house to raise money for youth at risk programs?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f78f6040e1704738b72a950b1e702528",
            "input": "Article: Lakes, ponds, and beaches mean summer fun and cool relaxation from hot weather. But water also can be dangerous for kids if you don't take great care. Nearly 1,000 kids die each year by drowning. Here are some tips to keep your kids safe in the water: At the Lake or Pond *Don't let little kids swim alone without adult supervision-- lakes or ponds may be shallow near the bank and are suddenly deep sharply further out from shore. *Ponds and lakes may hide jagged rocks, broken glass, or rubbish. *Make sure kids wear foot protection; even in the water, they should wear socks or water shoes. *Watch out for weeds and grass in the water that could trap a leg or arm. *Most boating accidents, particularly among teenagers, are related to alcohol . Be sure teens know about the dangers of alcohol, on and off the water. At the Beach *Teach kids to always swim when and where a lifeguard is on duty. Unlike the calm waters of a swimming pool, the beach has special dangers like currents and tides . Check with the lifeguard when you arrive to find out about the water conditions. *Tell kids never to stand with their back to the water because a sudden wave can easily knock a child over. *Teach kids that if they're caught in a dangerous wave, they should swim parallel  to the shore or should tread  water and call for a lifeguard's help. Whether at the lake or at the beach, teach your child to get out of the water during bad weather, especially lightning. \n Answer: Call for help if caught in a dangerous wave",
            "output": [
                "Which is the right behavior when swimming at the beach?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c035356d4f94cadb29de70bfa8dbdc3",
            "input": "Article: When we talk about superstitious beliefs , the beliefs associated with Friday the 13th , no doubt , deserve a special mention . In fact , such is the fear associated with this date that people just can't seem to stick to their daily routine on this day . The data from Stress Management Center and Phobia Institute suggests that somewhere around 17 to 21 million Americans are affected by the fear associated with this day , i.e. the combination of Friday and 13 . Even worse , the financial losses caused on this day amounts to as much as US$800 million every year . As we flipped through the pages of history , we realized that Friday the 13th bears the brunt of bad luck associated with number 13 , the unluckiest number , and Friday , the unluckiest day of the week . Number 13 has always been considered unlucky , mainly as a result of it being associated with various occurrences in mythology . While some associate it with the instance of Norse mythology , in which the god of joy and gladness - Balter , was killed in a dishonest manner by Loki - the god of discord and mischief , who was the 13th guest , others associate it with the Last Supper , in which the 13th guest was Judas , who betrayed Jesus to his enemies for 30 pieces of silver . Similarly , Friday has also been a sign of bad luck to many people , with incidents like Jesus being crucified on this unfaithful day , contributing to this belief . It is also widely believed that Cain killed Able on this very day of the week . The fear of Friday the 13th is known as friggatriskaidekaphobia and paraskevidekatriaphobia , the former combining the words frigga , meaning Friday , and triskaidekaphobia , meaning the phobia of number 13 . Over the period , the belief that Friday the 13th is an unlucky day has just become one of the most widely accepted superstitions , which consequently causes much blind panic and unreasonable fear in the world . \n Answer: The 13th day of a month falling on a Friday .",
            "output": [
                "What does Friday the 13th refer to according to passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-99d64e572a1a4bf69148498fead6ee86",
            "input": "Article: More and more people take part in marathons these days - over 30,000 people will run the London Marathon this weekend, for instance. But it's not just the 26 miles and 385 yards that could be a daunting prospect. \"I have to admit to being completely frustrated by the blocking and for 18-19 miles was just keeping away from people and being held up,\" one participant grumbled after the 2012 London Marathon. \"I had to overtake a lot of people and ended up with bruised forearms from all the elbows,\" said another. How do such crowding problems arise, and could they be reduced? Some researchers believe that we can find the answers through a more familiar system in which jams appear - road traffic flow. Martin Treiber, of the Technical University of Dresden in Germany, has previously developed models for traffic flow. One of the first attempts to model traffic flow was made in the 1950s by James Lighthill and his collaborator Gerard Whitham of Manchester University. They considered the traffic as a kind of liquid flowing down a pipe, and looked at how the flow changes as the fluid gets denser . At first the flow rate increases as the density increases, since you simply get more stuff through in the same period of time. But if the density becomes too high, there's a risk of jams, and the flow rate drops sharply. Treiber's model of a marathon uses this same principle that the flow rate first increases and then decreases as the density of runners increases, thanks to an sudden switch from free to crowded flow. He assumes that there is a range of different preferred speeds for different runners, which each maintains throughout the race. With just these factors, Treiber can calculate the flow rate of runners, knowing the \"carrying capacity\" at each point on the route. This allows Treiber to figure out how blocking might depend on the race conditions - for example, for different starting procedures. Some marathons start by letting all the runners set off at once (which means those at the back have to wait until those in front have moved forward). Others assign runners to various groups according to ability, and let them start in a series of waves. Treiber has applied the model to the annual Rennsteig half-marathon in central Germany, which attracts around 6,000 participants. The traditional route had to be changed in 2013, because the police were no longer willing to close a road to ensure that runners could cross safely. It could pass either over a 60m wooden bridge or through a tunnel. Treiber used his model to predict the likely blocking caused in the various options. The model predicted that a mass start would risk an overload of runners if the bridge were to be used. Only by moving the starting point further back from the bridge could the danger be avoided - and even then, if some of the numbers assumed in the model were only slightly inaccurate, there was still a risk of jams at the bridge. On the other hand, no dangerous blocking seemed likely for the tunnel route. The run organizers consulted Treiber's team, and eventually chose this option. \n Answer: Serious injuries in forearms.",
            "output": [
                "What is the worst thing while running a marathon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a6974ddd3454b5a99f28808b8b8110f",
            "input": "Article: Sydney has a huge bus system. No buses accept cash, and a ticket needs to be bought ahead of time. The buses often run at busy hours and regularly during the day. The Sydney Explorer bus provides air-conditioned service and stops at 27 tourist attractions. Its partner, the Bondi Explorer, stops at 19 attractions. _ It's an easy way to see the city and the surroundings. Sydney's train service runs throughout the central city area and the surroundings. Tickets can be bought from machines that operate 24 hours a day or from ticket offices. The monorail travels through central Sydney. It is the most excellent way to gain a good view of the whole city. The monorail runs every three to five minutes, and it takes 15 minutes to complete its journey. Sydney is built around a harbor, and the Parramatta River has a large ferry system. It serves the area around the harbor. These include Taronga Zoo, Darling Harbor, Rose Bay, the North Shore, Cockatoo Island and Sydney Olympic Park. The ferries have operated for more than 135 years and 14 million passengers take the ferries each year. Water taxis can offer special services that some visitors enjoy, such as transporting passengers to specific locations, offering guided tours of waterways and so on. The tickets sell for 20 Australian dollars for a day or 57 Australian dollars for a week. It is strange,isn't it? \n Answer: Tickets",
            "output": [
                "What should people take when getting on the bus in Sydney?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c75704390cb34e8b96f9f7da13ffe49e",
            "input": "Article: Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France's favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the \"talking cure\". Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn't always easy. They customers-some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session-care quick to intellectualize  ,slow to open up and connect. \"You are forbidden to say 'one feels,' or 'people think',\"Lehane told them. \"Say 'I think,' 'Think me'.\" A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn't seem more un-French. But Lehanne's psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It's trying to help the city's troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle-longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation's desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening. The city's \"psychology cafes\",which offer great comfort,are among the most popular places.Middle-aged homemakers,retirees,and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love,anger,and dreams with a psychologist.And they come to Lehanne's group just to learn to say what they feel.\"There's a strong need in Paris for communication,\"says Maurice Frisch,a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church.\"People have few real friends.And they need to open up.\"Lehanne says she'd like to see psychology cafes all over France.\"If people had normal lives,these cafes wouldn't exist,\"she says.\"If life weren't a battle,people wouldn't need a special place just to speak.\"But then,it wouldn't be France. \n Answer: Express their true feelings.",
            "output": [
                "What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-476ef2997d8f4f4d84f6b6b686938849",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever seen a 250-mile-wide bath sponge? Well, take a look at Hyperion, one of Saturn's   moons. Recent photos of the hamburger-shaped moon reveal a strange world covered with large and small craters  . The photos were taken by high-tech cameras aboard the spacecraft Cassini, which has been exploring Saturn and its moons since 2004.  Scientists studying the photos have recently identified something surprising: dark and reddish material on Hyperion's surface. They believe that the substance may be organic material, including combinations of the chemical elements hydrogen and carbon. That's important because all life, including human life, is built from organic building blocks. \"Organic material is the key to understanding life in the solar system. When we try to understand how life formed on Earth and whether life could form on other planets, this is one of the things we look at,\" says Dr. Amanda Hendrix. She is a planetary scientist who works on the Cassini project. So how did such material get on a lifeless moon circling Saturn? Scientists suspect it was deposited by meteors  . \"Craters on Hyperion are the result of meteoroid impact,\" said Dr. Hendrix. \"A meteoroid is the leftover material from the formation of planets.\" The largest crater on Hyperion is 75 miles across and 6 miles deep! But even though Hyperion looks like a sponge, it most likely doesn't feel like one. Cassini has found that the moon is made mainly of ice.  Cassini may give scientists many more surprises. It is scheduled to orbit Saturn until next year, but NASA scientists also hope to extend the spacecraft's mission until 2010. Unlike Earth, which has only one moon, Saturn has 48 moons. The extra two years will give scientists an opportunity to learn more about Saturn's many moons. \"This mission not only has given us a lot of answers but also has posed a lot of new questions,\" says Hendrix. \n Answer: Because it can help scientists to understand the origin of life.",
            "output": [
                "Why are scientists interested in organic material in space?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-582a3c2df4694ef695c27b31505c45c9",
            "input": "Article: I decided a few months ago that I was going to treat myself to a 4-day getaway from Los Angeles and visit Chicago. I got a free airplane ticket, but had to pay the hotel in cash, which I  really couldn't afford. I found a travel website where a discounted 3-night stay was purchased from a recently opened hotel. About three weeks before the trip, I had to regretfully cancel and only then realized the room, while transferable   to another person, couldn't be changed to a later date and wasn't refundable. For the next two weeks I tried selling it on Craig's list with no success. Five days before the \"big weekend\", I gave up trying to get any money back and decided I'd contact some acquaintances who live in Chicago and offer someone a free \"staycation\". After trying a handful of people all of whom already had their own plans, I was determined to have the room not go to waste. That's when it suddenly occurred to me that I was looking at the rooms in the wrong way. Instead of viewing them for vacation purposes, surely there must be a way to put them to good use, and that was when the idea that some sort of shelter might be able to use it. I eventually found one whose focus is aiding victims of domestic violence. This particular one was willing to listen to my out-of-left-field story and made it easier to transfer the rooms. The shelter was working with a desperate woman and her daughter, who were fortunately able to make use of the room. I was later told by the shelter \" _ \". \n Answer: The author couldn't make the trip.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to his plan three weeks before the trip?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5f2d9fb144b142c182ddf36a93b230fa",
            "input": "Article: Some businesses and apartment buildings are telling kids to go away. A device  called the Mosquitois being used in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New York to keep kids from gathering in big groups and causing trouble. The Mosquitomakes a noise that only kids can hear. About 3000Mosquitounits have been fixed in the United Kingdom. In the United States, managers of an apartment building in New York City recently fixed one to keep noisy kids from taking over the building's entrance-hall. A children's rights agency in England wants the device forbidden. The agency says the device unfairly targets teens. Some also worry that the high sounds could hurt young ears. Fans of the Mosquito say it keeps kids out of trouble and off private property. \"Mosquito devices violate   the human rights of kids. The use of the devices is targeted at kids because it considers all kids as troublemakers. The devices are also harmful because the noise could hurt kids' hearing. Besides violating our rights, the Mosquitois dangerous. It could hurt the ears and the hearing of teens, babies and animals because they are more sensitive,\" says California eighth grader Kelly Straky. \"It is not right to place the device in a public place. Teenagers have as much right to public places as adults. I listened to theMosquitosound, and it was extremely loud. It hurts not only your ears but also your whole head. It isn't just annoying; it's painful. It should not be allowed.\" Fans of the Mosquitobelieve that property owners have a right to decide who can be on their property and who cannot.Mosquitodevices are a method of protecting private property and keeping the peace. Property laws are put into place to protect the public. \"Yes, I do believe that the rights of teens should be valued, but we must always put ourselves in other people's shoes and see the other side. In this case, doing so allows people to understand the negative effects, such as crime, that loitering   can have on an area or a community,\" said Kayla Hill from New York. \n Answer: Lawyers.",
            "output": [
                "Who are probably fans of the Mosquito?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ed1d48ef694e40ca9cb98721670b8524",
            "input": "Article: Anthropologists are scientists that study people who often lived hundreds or even thousands of years ago. Items those men, women, and children left behind when they died --- everything from clothing to jewelry and tools --- tell anthropologists a lot. And sometimes even their words survive.     Experts believe that a discovery in Mexico is the oldest example of writing ever found in the Americas. The people who created it probably lived 3,000 years ago, long before Christopher Columbus arrived in the New World.     Workers digging in a rock mine happened to notice a stone block with marks carved onto its surface. They found the large piece of stone near the city of Cascajal, Mexico, which was once the capital of an ancient people called the Ohmec.     \"There are signs on the block that seem to show objects used by the Olmec during their religious ceremonies,\" says Dr. Stephen Houston, of Brown University in the USA. \"There is a sign that looks very similar to a knife and another that looks like the chair of a King,\" he explains.     Houston, an expert on the writing systems of ancient cultures, says the discovery is exciting because \"it makes clear that the Olmec could read and write. It is like hearing voices from the past.\"     But experts don't know exactly what the writing says. Finding other examples of Olmec writing could help decipher the puzzle.     \"We could have whole sets of ancient writing which will basically make ancient people speak to us directly,\" says Houston. \"There are many puzzles to be solved, and this is just one of them.\" \n Answer: Clothing and jewelry.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what items do scientists often use to learn more about the past?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bed22a0b1e124b249722d9f9e2ab3b48",
            "input": "Article: Once upon a time, a man was walking on a mountain when he found an incredible cave with all kinds of treasure inside it. So he gave up his job, his home, and his friends, and spent all his time guarding the cave. He was so dedicated to it that he hardly ate or drank, and before long he fell ill. One day, when he could hardly move at all, he decided to share the treasure. He crawled into the cave to get a handful of jewels, but discovered, to his horror, that it was empty except for a small emerald . The man took it, and gave it to the first person he came by, a woman. Then an old man came by. \"What bad luck!\" the man said. \"Just a moment ago I gave a woman the last of the treasure I was guarding.\" \"Are you sure there is nothing left?\" the old man asked. The man took him into the cave, where they found a chest with jewels and some bags of gold. The man was shocked, and the old man explained to him, \"At last! At last someone has broken the spell of this cave. This is the Cave of Treasure, and you're the first to have passed its great test. Many have dedicated their lives to this cave, only to end up realizing there was nothing here...\" \"And why does this happen?\" the man asked. \"This magic cave has only as many riches as your own heart. When someone discovers it, the cave is filled with treasure, but later, when they have devoted themselves to guarding the treasure, their hearts empty, as does the cave. The only way to fill it is by filling your heart with all that is good, as you did by giving the woman that last jewel.\" From that day on, the man understood that it was better to share than to keep. Thanks to the cave and the old man, he became noble and generous. \n Answer: Because he had to guard the treasure cave.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the man give up his job, home and friends?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7bf3632f65434fd9afc3d32aebc9654b",
            "input": "Article: When Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, it was a revolution in communication. For the first time, people could talk to each other over great distances almost as clearly as if they were in the same room. Nowadays, though, we increasingly use Bell's invention for taking photographs, accessing the internet, or watching video clips, rather than talking. Over the last two decades a new means of spoken communication has appeared: the mobile phone. The first real mobile telephone call was made in 1973 by Dr Martin Cooper, the scientist who invented the modem mobile handset . Within a decade, mobile phones became available to the public. The streets of modem cities began to feature sharp-suited characters shouting into _ . In Britain the mobile phone quickly became the same with the \"yuppie\", the new type of young urban professionals who carried the expensive handsets as status symbols. Around this time many of us said that we would never own a mobile phone. But in the mid-90s, something happened. Cheaper handsets and cheaper calling rates meant that, almost overnight, it seemed that everyone had a mobile phone. And the giant plastic bricks of the 80s had changed into smooth little objects that fitted nicely into pockets and bags. Moreover, people's timekeeping changed. Younger readers will be amazed to know that, not long ago, people made spoken arrangements to meet at a certain place at a certain time. But later Meeting time became approximate under the new order of communication: the Short Message Service (SMS) or text message. Going to be late? Send a text message! It takes much less effort than arriving on time, and it's much less awkward than explaining your lateness face to face and the text message has changed the way we write in English. Traditional rules of grammar and spelling are much less important when you're sitting on the bus, hurriedly typing \"Will B 15mm late - C U @ the bar. Sorry! -).\" Alexander Graham Bell would be amazed if he could see how far the science of telephony has progressed in less than 150 years. If he were around today, he might say \"That's gr8! But I'm v busy rite now. Will call U 2nite.\" \n Answer: W84U@ SKUg8 2nite.",
            "output": [
                "If you want to meet your friend at the school gate this evening, which of the following message can you send him?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3bf3df3e07224fe4b5fe998375106a93",
            "input": "Article: If teens could reduce the salt they take in every day by 3,000 milligrams (mg), they would cut their risk of heart disease and stroke  greatly in adulthood, researchers say. Based on the results of a computer modeling analysis, researchers found that a 3,000 mg reduction in sodium  by teenagers could reduce hypertension by 30 percent to 43 percent when they become adults. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common condition that may have no symptoms for years, but can eventually cause serious health conditions, including heart attack and stroke. Other benefits over time as teens hit 50 years of age include a 7-12 percent reduction in coronary heart disease , an 8-14 percent reduction in heart attacks, and a 5-8 percent reduction in stroke. Fast food typically contains too much sodium. One bag of Nacho Cheese Doritos has 310 milligrams. Pizza is one of the biggest problems for teens when it comes to sodium, according to data from the National Center for Health Statistics. \"The additional benefit of lower salt intake early is that we can hopefully change the expectations of how food should taste, ideally to something slightly less salty,\" says Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, the lead author of the study and associate professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. \"Most of the salt we eat is not from our salt shaker , but salt that is already added in food that we eat.\" she added. \n Answer: Smaller chance of stroke.",
            "output": [
                "Which is a benefit of a low sodium diet according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-22122c49831d4554b6ee076a4ea45874",
            "input": "Article: My parents are amazing. I had the most wonderful childhood, and it's not because I had everything I wanted or because I was a cool kid. I have learned a lot about parenting from what my parents did. Here are a few gems   that I use now or plan to use in the future with my two boys. Here's how a conversation often went when I was a kid. Usually it was around 4:30 p.m. I said, \"I'm hungry. Can I have a cookie?\" My mom answered, \"No. Have a banana.\" \"I don't want a banana.\" \"Then you're not hungry.\" Sometimes I was angry about it, but I knew that was good for me. Thanks mom for not letting me eat junk food  . Now I agree with my mother and I have this same conversation with my three-year-old son. I hope it helps him form healthy diet habits. I know many of us heard this as children. \"If everyone jumped off a bridge, would you do it, too?\" If our kids asked for something just because everyone else had it or was doing it, we often got this response. It was the perfect response, and we soon learned not to ask for things because everyone else had it, but because it was something we wanted. I will always be thankful that my parents let us try the things that interested us, not the things they wanted to push us into. This helped me try swimming, dance, and the piano before second grade. I found a love -- singing -- and kept up with that through my college years. It drives me crazy, as a mom and teacher, when I see kids who are pushed into their parents' favorite activities, even when they don't have a passion for them. \n Answer: Her parents' educational methods.",
            "output": [
                "What are the gems in the writer's mind?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fce7642438f940dda30949e92bc3b423",
            "input": "Article: Helen Thomas, born on August 4, 1920, is a famous news reporter, a Hearst Newspapers columnist, and member of the White House Press Corps. She served for fifty-seven years as a correspondent and White House bureau chief for United Press International (UPI). She is called \"First Lady of the Press\". Born in Kentucky, Helen Thomas was raised in Detroit, Michigan where she attended public schools and later graduated from Wayne State University. Upon leaving college, Helen served as a copy girl in an old company in Washington. In 1943, Ms. Thomas joined United Press International and the Washington Press Corps. Thomas served as president of the Women's National Press Club from 1959 to 1960. In November, Helen began covering then President-elect John F. Kennedy, following him to the White House in January 1961 as a UPI correspondent. She later became White House Bureau Chief for UPI, where she was employed until her resignation on May 17, 2000. Thomas then became a White House correspondent and columnist. Thomas was the only woman journalist traveling with then President Nixon to China in January, 1972. She has traveled around the world several times with Presidents Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan, Bush, and Clinton, during the course of which she covered every Economic Summit.The World Almanachas cited her as one of the 25 Most Influential Women in America. On March 21, 2006, Thomas was called upon directly by President Bush for the first time in three years. Thomas asked Bush about Iraq. Helen Thomas has written four books and she is also a popular speaker at events nationwide. \n Answer: Thomas became a correspondent after she graduated from the university.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-80874916153047029a66e6ffce2436a1",
            "input": "Article: Often speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water.You can solve the problem by activating the saliva in you mouth.First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth.Or,press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flow.Or you can imagine that you are slicing a big juicy lemon and sucking the juice. Before you begin your talk,be kind to your voice.Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat.Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or water-down fruit juice. If you sense that you are losing your voice,stop talking completely.Save your voice for your speech.You may feel foolish using paper to write notes,but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice.If you feel the need to see a doctor,perhaps getting some advice from a professional singer can be a better choice.In the meantime,do not even talk in a low voice. What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat?I advise you not to touch alcohol before speaking.The problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence.The second drink gives you even more confidence.Finally you will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything,but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly.Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking. Perhaps you want to accept the advice,but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a lifetime.Of course you can.Goethe,who lived before indoor skating rinks or swimming pools,said,\"We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter.\"Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop your new habits.If you are wiling to change,you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they've become a part of your body. \n Answer: Drink water-down fruit juice.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following things does the writer suggest that you should do before you began your talk?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-13c0c07db7624586b0d2d10ceea29706",
            "input": "Article: Top 8 food and beverage companies in China No 1 COFCO Group COFCO Group is the largest company of various products and services in the agricultural products and food industry in China. It is devoted to providing healthy and nutritious food, as well as contributing to improvement of people's living standards and social development. No 2 Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co Ltd Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co Ltd is a dairy company. It is engaged in processing and producing milk products, including ice cream, milk powder, milk tea powder and fresh milk under \"Yili\"brand. It is headquartered in Hohhot. The company was an official sponsor of the 2008 Beijing Olympics. No 3 Shuanghui Group Shuanghui Group is a privately-owned meat processing company headquartered in Luohe, Henan, China. The company's businesses include pig raising, consumer meat products, and so on. It is the largest meat producer in China. On May 29, 2013, Shuanghui announced it would sell American pork producer Smithfield Foods Inc. No 4 China Mengniu Dairy Co Ltd China Mengniu Dairy Co Ltd is a producing company of dairy products and ice cream in China. The company is based in Inner Mongolia and produces dairy products under the Mengniu brand. No 5 Bright Food (Group) Corp Ltd Bright Food (Group) Co Ltd is a food and beverages company headquartered in Shanghai. Bright Food has four listed branches, Bright Dairy & Food Co Ltd, Shanghai First Provisions Store Co Ltd, Shanghai Maling Aquarius Co Ltd and Shanghai Haibo Co Ltd. The company got a 60 percent stake in the British breakfast cereals producer Weetabix Ltd in 2012 and agreed to acquire a 56 percent stake in the Israeli Dairy producer Tnuva in 2014. No 6 Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co Ltd Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co Ltd is a private company, and the largest non-alcoholic beverage producer in China. The company is headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. No 7 Wuliangye Yibin Co Ltd Wuliangye Yibin Co Ltd is a Chinese alcoholic beverage company. It specializes in producing baijiu, and is best known for Wuliangye. Headquartered in Yibin, Sichuan Province, the company sells its products all over the market at home and abroad.Wuliangye reportedly ranks first in terms of market share compared with other baijiu brands. No 8 Tsingtao Brewery Co Ltd Tsingtao Brewery Co Ltd is China's largest company to produce beer. It was founded in 1903 by a German. The beer is produced in Qingdao in Shandong province and it gets its name from the city's name. The beer's present-day logo displays an image of Zhan Qiao, a famous on Qingdao's southern shore. \n Answer: Shuanghui Group.",
            "output": [
                "Which company was set up by a foreigner?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-34924f1f739f4cc58b690c8a19860a97",
            "input": "Article: When you are curious about something, and want to know more about it, you can use the way of asking questions. Asking questions is the first step to make discoveries and find interesting answers. The steps below can guide you during the research. Step 1 On a note card or piece of paper,write down the subject that you are interested in. Just get the main idea down. For example, you might write: Discover more about dinosaurs. Step 2 Next, stop and think for a moment about what you already know about your subject. List what you already know like the sentences below: (1)Dinosaurs lived long before human beings appeared. (2)Dinosaurs lived on the earth for more than 150 million years. (3)Some dinosaurs fed on plants, some on meat. Step 3 What can you do with what you want to learn? By asking questions. On your paper,start writing down questions about the dinosaurs as you think of them: (1)What's the best weather for dinosaurs to live in? (2)How many kinds of dinosaurs are there? (3)Have dinosaurs really disappeared? Step 4 Armed with your list of questions, you can now go to the nearest library or computer to begin your research. As you learn more about your subject, you'll probably discover some new questions. For example,you might discover that dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. Why?What happened?Asking new questions can help you research your subject more widely. The next time you find something interesting to research,take time to organize your thinking by asking good questions. And remember--learning more always bring more questions. \n Answer: Asking questions is the only way for research.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d6d302d868b34b5d975f98094fa0c195",
            "input": "Article: Whether you prefer burning the midnight oil or going to bed early so you can get up at the break of dawn depends on your genes , according to experts. I jump out of bed each morning, eager to start an active day. But I can hear my neighbour's        alarm clock ringing non-stop every morning and I doubt he gets to work on time. A lot of noise comes from his flat in the evening. He's happy to stay up watching TV till after midnight, while I go to bed early and try to sleep. Well, it might not be his fault after all. I'm called 'a lark  ' and my neighbour 'an owl  '. We all have inside 'clocks' in the brain to control all kinds of bodily functions and it is reset every day by light. These inside clocks run to a different schedule in 'larks' and 'owls'. If you have a fast clock, you like to do things early, and if you have a slow clock, you like to do things late. Because we live in a 24/7 world, scientists believe it's important to understand a person's 'chronotype' - the time of the day when they function the best. It could help us lead a healthier life. A US professor has studied sleeping patterns and thinks work times should be changed and made more individual to fit in with our chronotypes. And he has advice for those who can't choose their working hours: \"If that's not possible, we should be more careful about light exposure\", says the professor. \"You should try to go to work not in a covered vehicle but on a bike. The minute the sun sets we should use things that have no blue light, like computer screens and other electronic devices.\" \n Answer: By analyzing differences and providing advice.",
            "output": [
                "How is the passage mainly developed?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f6471a838d94bb7ac123ecea4cba0f3",
            "input": "Article: A drunken burglar in the Orrell Park area of Liverpool, ended up leaping out of a window after a 10-year-old girl asked him to prove he was a superhero. The drunken thief who pretended he was Superman to stop a child raising the alarm has been caught after he leapt from the apartment building in his pants to make the girl convinced. Theif Ethan Adamson, 25, told police that he had broken into a fifth-floor flat after a drinking session, believing it was empty. But he was horrified when the owner's 10-year-old daughter woke up while he was there. From his hospital bed, the thief told reporters, \"To keep her quiet, I told her I was really Superman and I'd soon be flying off back to my secret headquarters.\" \"She called my bluff (...) and told me, 'If you're Superman, show me you can fly or I'll scream'. \"I had no choice so I stripped to my pants to look more like a superhero and went to the window. I saw another roof below and I thought _ but it turned out to be a lot further down than thought. I know it doesn't make sense but it did to me when I was drunk.\" Police later found him on the roof in just his yellow pants, covered in cuts and bruises after a baffled neighbor heard his cries of pain. He now faces seven years behind bars for burglary. Police spokesman Frank Armado said, \" He was in quite a serious state and couldn't move until we got up there using ladders. He was treated for his injuries and we got him some fresh clothes, before taking him to hospital where he is being kept under guard until he is well enough to be arrested.\" \n Answer: To report on a joking burglary",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's purpose of writing the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-392d14d3662d4d218e800f94c5fc6e29",
            "input": "Article: Aava Whistler Hotel Star Ratings:                                Location: Whistler Rooms:192 Stay at the Aava Whistler Hotel (formerly Coast Whistler Hotel) and experience a great vacation. The Aava Whistler Hotel is within minutes from over a hundred shopping malls and restaurants. It also has a great number of recreational facilities, including swimming, diving and even skiing. Hotel services include 24-hour reception, laundry and room service. Guests can stay in cozy rooms equipped with air-conditioning, bathroom and television. From CNY=496 per night. Best Western Cairn Croft Hotel Star Ratings:                               Location: East Lundy's Lane Room:l66 Relax and unwind at the Best Western Cairn Hotel. This resort-style hotel is located just minutes from the airport. At the Best Western Cairn Croft, guests can enjoy a large number of recreational facilities, including children's activities, sightseeing and a swimming pool. Business travelers can also take advantage of spacious meeting and banqueting facilities for hosting corporate events. All rooms come with basic amenities . From CNY=439 per night. Clarion Hotel&Suites Downtown Montreal Star Ratings:                               Location:Montreal Rooms:266 Conveniently located just 20 minutes from the airport, the Clarion Hotel&Suite Downtown Montreal is a moderately-priced three-star hotel that provides services to both business and leisure travelers. The Clarion has spacious meeting facilities and modern business centers for business travelers. It also has a sauna and whirlpool where guest can relax. All rooms come with basic amenities, including cable TV and a kitchenette. From CNY=553 per night. Delta Bow Valley Hotel Star Ratings:                              Location:Calgary Rooms:398 The Delta Bow Valley Hotel is located a couple of blocks north of Olympic Plaza, east of James Short Park, and north-east of the Petro-Canada Centre. Apart from business and recreational services such as a business centre, fitness centre and restaurant, all rooms in the Delta come with a mini-bar and in-house movies. From CNY=l, 227 per night. \n Answer: They all have a three star ratings.",
            "output": [
                "What do all four of the hotels have in common?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5a7a12a23d47438ea68665b4999c0548",
            "input": "Article: In the world today, all of the people need recreation  . We cannot work all the time if we are going to keep healthy and enjoy life. Everyone has his own way of relaxing. Perhaps the most popular form is to take part in sports. There are team sports, such as basketball and football; There are also individual   sports, such as swimming and running. Skating and mountain climbing are the most popular recreation for people who like to be outdoor. Not everyone who enjoys sports likes to take part in them. Many people like watching them on TV or listening to them on the radio. So many people like some forms of indoor recreation, such as watching TV, singing and dancing. It doesn't matter whether we like indoor recreation or take part in outdoor sports. It is important for everyone to relax from time to time, and enjoy some forms of recreation. \n Answer: Sports.",
            "output": [
                "Which is the most popular form of recreation according to this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1f76ffd91ed6403ca67a15a75e8668bd",
            "input": "Article: A \"secret\" message, unseen for almost 150 years and making the start of the U.S. Civil War (1861-1865), has been uncovered in Abraham Lincoln's gold pocket watch, prefix = st1 /U.S.media reported on Wednesday. \"Lincolnnever knew of the message he carried in his pocket,\" Brent D. Glass, director of the National Museum of American History said in a statement. The message, which was engraved by an Irish immigrant and watchmaker named Jonathan Dillon, is dated April 13, 1861, and reads in part: \"FortSumpter[sic] was attacked by the rebels\" and \"thank God we have a government.\" \"It's a personal side of history about an ordinary watchman being inspired to record something for  _ ,\" Glass said. The museum decided to open the watch after being contacted by the watchmaker's great-great-grandson, Doug Stiles, who had received a letter from a   in Ireland. It said that the family had found a letter Dillon had written about the purported   message in the watch. Then Stiles, a 57 -year-old real estate lawyer in Waukegan,Illinois, searched on the Internet and found a New York Times article from 1906, where Dillon told the story at the age of 84. During the interview, Dillon said that he unscrewed the dial of the watch and wrote on the metal as soon as he heard the news about the first shot of the Civil War. \"The first gun is fired. Slavery is dead. Thank God we have a President who at least will try.\" However, the actual message that the museum found is different from what Dillon recalled. It reads, \"Jonathan Dillon, April 13-1861, Fort Sumpter [sic] was attacked by the rebels on the above date J Dillon, April 13 -1861, Washington, thank God we have a government, Jonth Dillon.\" \n Answer: Doug Stiles.",
            "output": [
                "Who wrote the message in Abraham Lincoln's pocket watch?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-40637211f468455f8b0e63f9df20a410",
            "input": "Article: The way we do things round here Some years ago, I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started, \"Dear John, I am quite pleased that you have decided to join us.\" That \"quite\" saddened me. I thought he was saying \"we're kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else.\" Then I discovered that in American English \"quite\" sometimes means \"very\", while in British English it means \"fairly\". So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I don't just mean the words people speak. It is body language, dress, manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures . Some of these differences may be only on the surface-dress, food and hours of work-while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate ,while getting on with business. Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more polite; the service is better; you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However, other differences can be troubling, like punctuality .If you invite people to a party at 7 o'clock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany, five minutes early in the American Midwest, an hour early in Japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the UK, up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece. I prefer not to use the word \"late\" because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country. \n Answer: Understand and accept them.",
            "output": [
                "According to the author, what should we do with most cultural differences?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0a067e038add4c7496d025bb721603f5",
            "input": "Article: Britain's symbolic red phone boxes have become out of date in the age of the mobile, but villages across the country are stepping in to save them, with creative intelligence. Whether as a place to exhibit art, poetry, or even as a tiny library, hundreds of phone boxes have been given a new life by local communities determined to preserve a typical part of British life. In Waterperry, a small village near Oxford, the 120 residents have filled the phone box next to the old house with a pot of flowers, piles of gardening and cooking magazines, and stuck poems on the walls. They took control of the phone box when telecoms operator BT said it was going to pull it down, an announcement that caused such dissatisfaction that one local woman threatened to chain herself to the box to save it. \"I'd have done it, \" insisted Kendall Turner. \"It would have been heartbreaking for the village. \" Local councilor Tricia Hallam, who came up with the idea for the phone box's change, said quite a few people would have joined her, adding, \" We couldn't let it go because it's a British symbol.\" Only three feet by three feet wide, and standing 2.51-meter tall, the phone boxes were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott in 1936 for the 25thanniversary of the reign of King George V. Painted in \"Post Office red\" to match the post boxes, they were once a typical image of England and the backdrop  to millions of tourist photographs. Eight years ago there were about 17,000 across Britain, but today, in a country where almost everybody has a mobile phone, 58 percent are no longer profitable and ten percent are only used once a month. \"On average, maintaining them costs PS800 a year per phone box-about PS44 million annually,\" said John Lumb, general manager for BT Payphones. \n Answer: Because the red phone boxes may be useful for some people in emergency.",
            "output": [
                "Why do the villagers want to keep the red phone boxes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d338ee51a1db4eb9ae34e19c4343120e",
            "input": "Article: Hong Kong, a city of seven million--and growing fast. By the year 2050 Hong Kong's population will almost double. Where will these people live? There's only one place to go--up. Fast forward 50 years.This is the tallest man-made structure on the planet. Its name:Millennium Tower. It would stand twice as tall as anything built before. Over 60 thousand people would live or work here. Millennium's designers think it represents the best solution for the coming population explosion. It would cost ten billion dollars and consume more building materials than any single nation could produce. David Nelson, one of Millennium's key designers, said:\"It would be a massive project and a world project. But to actually realize it, resources would have to come from all over the globe. The challenge and the motivation for doing it would be to realize one of the world's largest and most complex construction projects.\" Millennium would be more complex than anything ever built. So its builders won't know for sure the building is safe until it's up, and they can't afford to make an error. Massive earthquakes have brought down entire cities in this part of the world. Can Millennium's designers make it immune to these quakes of the earth? For Millennium, like all the other buildings, safety is just one concern among many. It will need to be a home, one that welcomes people in. Getting people into the building and making sure they have a great experience well be what makes Millennium successful, but how to do it? For the design team, the secret was to bring all the elements of city life within. Cafes and restaurants, theatres and stores would provide entertainment. Health clubs, even schools and medical clinics would also serve the towers' residents. Millennium's designers have proven something. Things that seem impossible today, might just become reality tomorrow. The engineering problems have, for the most part, already been solved. Our achievements are limited only by our imaginations. \n Answer: Because Hong Kong's population will greatly increase.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the designers decide to build Millennium?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a58b3e34a69e4e43a06e4d3b68b28b34",
            "input": "Article: Robert is a boss who hires me as a  helper.  He has lost his home and now has to live back at home, with his mother, at 46. We had a job in Fort Bending.  Robert bought me breakfast there. As we were leaving ,a man walked to us asking if he could get some work from Roberts' company. Robert explained there was no work for the man and the man started to walk away. As I looked from the leaving man back to Robert, l saw Robert getting Out some money and went after the man to give it to him. I asked Robert, \"Why did you do that?\" Robert said _  After a very long, hard day, we stopped at a Quick Trip for a soda. I got through the check out ahead of Robert and went back out to the work truck. Beside the truck was a woman in a car.  She had 3 kids and asked me if I could help-she had been _ now where to go with her children-they were living in the car.  I told her I was also hurting in these times-sorry I could not. Robert came out. opened the work truck and we got in I told him about the lady I didn't even finish the story when Robert was out. his door- around the truck and giving the women money to help her and her kids out.  When Robert returned I asked, \"Why did you do that, she didn't even ask you\".  He said \"I have an ex-wife and a kid-if they need help and I am not able, someone will help them\" \n Answer: To look for a job in Robert's company",
            "output": [
                "Why did the man walk to the writer and Robert?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b7d7334a8c04c33bf19bd66a6e5bd6b",
            "input": "Article: The 48-year-old photographer and adventurer with his trademark black and white beard and shoulder-length hair is also an environmentalist devoted to protecting the source of the Yangtze River.And he likes his new nick-name, \"garbage cleaner at the source of the Yangtze River\".      Yang Xin , is the founder of Green River, one of the country ' s biggest non-govemmental  organizationsto protect the  country's major rivers.      The Yangtze River begins from glaciers in the Tanggula Mountains on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.      Garbage was rarely seen in the area about 20 years ago, Yang said, as local nomadic people ledtraditional self-sufficient lives, living in tents. Thanks to increasingly convenient transportation, they ' ve started to use modern products packed in plastics, which can ' t degrade naturally.      \"They don' t have a waste management system and just throw rubbish away like before. So tons of garbage are left on the grasslands and river ways,\" said Yang.      He founded a group with the purpose of dealing with garbage such as plastic bottles, batteries, lunch boxes and so on.      In 1997, Yang and his group founded the Sonam Dhargye Nature Preservation Station in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve, in memory of the anti-hunting hero who sacrificed his life to protect Tibetan antelopes. \n Answer: Because he is devoted to the care for the Yangtze River.",
            "output": [
                "Why does Yang Xin get his nickname \"garbage cleaner at the source of the Yangtze River \" ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4371f970f78842c49e5baac4981656d6",
            "input": "Article: \"The Voice\" has become a major player in the TV talent-show stages, as the show has become NBC's biggest entertainment prime-time program of 2012. In addition to being a hit in the ratings, \"The Voice\" is also a hit with critics and Emmy voters: The second season of the show , which _ from February to May 2012, has earned the 2012 Critics' Choice Award for Best Realty-Series Competition and an Emmy nomination   for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program. All the original coaches are back for the third season in a row: Christina Aguilera, Maroon 5 lead singer Adam Levine, Cee Lo Green and Blake Shelton. The show's other on-air talent returning for Season 3 are host/producer Carson Daly and social media reporter Christina Milian, who has been with the show since Season 2. The grand prize for the winner is also the same: a record deal with Universal Republic Records. The third season of \"The Voice\" features two big new changes: \"steals\", in which the coaches can steal contestants who have been rejected from another coach's team, and \"knockout rounds\". In the \"battle rounds,\" two contestants face off in a duet   of a song chosen by their coach. When a contestant is rejected from a team after a battle round, another coach has the option to \"steal\" the contestant for his or her team. If more than one coach wants the same contestant, then the contestant gets to choose the coach. In the \"knockout rounds,\" two contestants face off by each doing a different song of the contestant's choice, and coaches can no longer \"steal\" a contestant who is rejected. Season 3 will also have a new group of four advisers, who are each paired with a coach: Green Day lead singer with Aguilera; Mary J. Blige with Levine; Michael Buble with Shelton; and Matchbox Twenty lead singer Rob Thomas with Green. At an August 2012 press event held at \"The Voice\" executive producer Mark Burnett's home in Malibu, California, members of the media gathered for a press conference with Burnett, Aguilera, Green, Shelton, Levine, Daly and Milian to discuss changes in the show and what the future holds for \"The Voice.\" \n Answer: Entertainment",
            "output": [
                "On which section of a newspaper will you read this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c299bde576c94945a00213ca08d91d70",
            "input": "Article: More than 12 300 people were killed and tens of thousands left homeless after a powerful undersea earthquake unleashed giant _ waves that crashed into the coasts of south and southeast Asia. The 8.9 magnitude earthquake that struck off the Indonesian island of Sumatra early on Sunday was the biggest in 40 years.It triggered waves that reared up into walls of water as high as 10 meters(30 feet) as they hit coastlines in Indonesia,Sri Lanka,India and Thailand. Aid agencies rushed staff,equipment and money to the region,warning that bodies rotting in the water were already beginning to threaten the water supply for survivors. Rescue workers also spoke of bodies still caught up on trees after being flung inland by the waves. \"I just couldn't believe what was happening before my eyes,\"Boree Carlson said from a hotel in the Thai resort of Phuket. \"As I was standing there,a car actually floated into the lobby and overturned because the current was so strong,\"said the 45-year-old Swede. \"I heard an eerie sound that I have never heard before.It was a high pitched sound followed by a deafening roar,\"said a 55-year-old Indian fisherman who gave his name as Chellappa. \"I told everyone to run for their life.\" In Indonesia,an archipelago of 17 000 islands,one official said nearly 4500 people had died.The worst affected area was Bands Aceh,the capital of Aceh Province,where 3000 were killed.More than 200 prisoners escaped from a jail when the tsunami knocked down its walls.In Sri Lanka ,the death toll also reached 4500 and 1 million people,or 5 percent of its population,were affected.It was the worst natural disaster to hit Sri Lanka.Hundreds of thousands of Sri Lankans sheltered in schools and temples overnight,and officials expected the death toll to rise further once rescuers resumed searches after daybreak.In southern India,where at least 3000 were estimated to have died,beaches were littered with submerged cars and wrecked boats.Shanties on the coast were under water. Thai government officials said at least 392 bodies had been retrieved and they expected the final toll to approach 1000. The earthquake,of magnitude 8.9 as measured by the U.S. Geological Survery (news-web sites),struck at 7:59 a.m.(1959EST).It was the world's biggest since 1964,said Julie Martinez at the USGS(news-web sites). The tsunami was so powerful it smashed boast and flooded areas along the east African coast,3728 miles away. \n Answer: Asian tsunami kills many people,and many more become homeless.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c415745b79514ea3810743ca31b36e1f",
            "input": "Article: It was 3:30 in the morning and 8-year-old Walt Disney was doing what he did at that time every morning- rolling hundreds of newspapers he would soon deliver in his neighborhood. It was hard work for a little kid who had to go to school, then deliver another round in the evening. But delivering papers beat picking apples for a living. That's what he'd been doing before, on his family's failing farms in Missouri. Walt Disney, born in December, 1901, never had time for a childhood. As a result, he spent all of his adult life attempting to invent one for himself. In the process - almost by accident - he created wonderful childhood memories for generation after generation of children worldwide. When the Disneys moved to Chicago, Walt signed up for cartooning classes, working three part-time jobs to pay for them. At 24, he created a cartoon character called Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, which was a great success. Hethen shifted his attention to mice, or one particular mouse called Mickey.And Mickey Mouse became an overnight success. Success followed success, but Walt Disney pushed himself even harder. He produced Snow White and Seven Dwarfs, for which he won a special Oscar. After the Second World War, Walt came up with the idea of Disneyland. Everyone said it was too costly a dream, but he wouldn't listen. His great world of fantasy opened on July 17, 1955. In the next seven weeks, more than one million people walked into Disneyland. The man who had spent a painful childhood now watched other people enjoy the perfect childhood world that he had created. \n Answer: Boring and unhappy.",
            "output": [
                "What can be said about Disney's childhood ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5615b2b61d284d6caa3ef8a031563304",
            "input": "Article: Finally, the long-awaited flying car is almost here. AeroMobil, a Slovakian company, plans to start selling its creation, the AeroMobil3. 0, in 2017. The company claims on its site that the vehicle \"transforms in seconds from an automobile to an airplane\" by using \"existing infrastructure created for automobiles and planes.\"The vehicle is petrol-powered and has wings that fold, which allows it to be parked like a car, though it is nearly 20 feet long. The company's website features a video where the AeroMobil 3. 0 drives out of a hangar (  )and goes down a highway, sharing the road with ordinary cars until it arrives at an airstrip. The car then unfolds its wings and takes off from a stretch of grass, rather than a paved tarmac  , and flies through the air like any other small airplane. AeroMobil spokesman Stefan Vadocz said his company hasn't decided on an exact price because it's not ready yet.\"The prototype is a work in progress,\" he said in an email. But he said the price would be several hundreds of thousands of euros---somewhere in between a sports car and a light sports aircraft. The vehicle seats two people---the pilot and a passenger---and its single propeller   is located at the rear of the plane. The company said the car's top speed on the road is at least 99 mph and while flying it is at least 124 mph. It can fly for 435 miles before running out of fuel. It has a steel framework and carbon coating and is powered by a Rotax 912, a four-cylinder   aircraft engine from BRP of Austria. Flying cars aren't exactly new. The concept has been around since long before The Jetsons popularized the idea in the 1960s. It has been a regular topic in Popular Science ever since World War I ace, Eddie Rickenbacker, wrote about it in 1924. But getting a practical, reliable flying car off the ground has been a serious challenge. Glenn Curtiss discovered this in 1918 when he developed the Curtiss Autoplane. It turned out to be more of a hopper than a flyer, so it failed to become popular with the public. \n Answer: Its petrol-powered engine and folding wings.",
            "output": [
                "What allows the AeroMobil3. 0 to be parked as a car?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a8daea735d3d49ffb44a0269d36db308",
            "input": "Article: Experts estimate that one out of every five fish sold was caught illegally. It threatens  food security and hurts the environment. Officials are using new observational technology to fight illegal fishing. \"Thank you for taking the time to join us here in Harwell (UK) in the Operations Center to what we call 'Project Eyes on the Seas.'\" says Tony Long, who leads the Ending Illegal Fishing program for Pew Charitable Trusts. The group created Project Eyes on the Seas. Large three-dimensional images of a globe can be seen on a video. \"It looks different from what you might expect because this globe only shows you the boats that are coming into this system from a live automated information system or AIS.\" The screen shows 120,000 fishing boats have AIS. They are required to have the technology. But those who are fishing illegally often turn it off. The technology does not tell observers when that happens. Project Eyes on the Seas combines satellite information with secret government records on every ship's past activities. Mr. Long says that permits researchers to understand exactly where the fishing boats are operating. The Pew team gives the information it gathers to port officials to help them decide if they should take action against a ship. Tony Long says he would like to be able to provide port officials all over the world with clear lists. They would inform the officials about ships to inspect, ships to bar from entrance, and ships to permit entrance for trade activities. The Pacific island nation of Palau was an early user of the technology. Palau has one of the richest fishing areas in the world. Last year, it announced a plan to ban commercial fishing in a 630,000 square kilometer area. K.B. Sakuma is a special adviser to the president of Palau. He says Palau is trying to deal with a recent increase in illegal, unsupervised and unreported fishing. \"And it's come to a head in the last year or two. From our southern island in the evening you can see on the horizon just dotted lights of these illegal fishermen that come into our waters, fill their ships with our fish, our resources, our food security...\" \n Answer: 20%",
            "output": [
                "According to the estimation, what is the percentage of illegal fishing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a5045d1004c941059de6c90bafebe2a0",
            "input": "Article: Two good friends, Sam and Jason, had a car accident. The next morning, Sam woke up but Jason was still unconscious  . When Dr. Smith saw Sam awake, he smiled at him and asked, \"How are you feeling today?\" Sam smiled back and said, \"Wonderful! Promise me you won't tell Jason anything.\" Dr. Smith was moved by Sam's words and said, \"You are a very brave man. You know I won't do that. Trust me.\" Months later Jason recovered. He stopped hanging out with(...)Sam. He felt unhappy to spend time with a disabled person like Sam. Sam was lonely and heartbroken. One day Sam died in despair  . When Jason was on his burial  , Dr. Smith gave Sam's letter to him. The letter read, \"Dear Jason, I have kept my promise to give you my eyes if anything had happened to them. Now there is nothing more that I can do. You will see through my eyes that you will always be my best friend ... Sam.\" When he finished reading, Dr. Smith added, \"I had promised Sam to keep it a secret.\" Jason stood there with tears on his face. \n Answer: He felt upset to be with a disabled man like Sam.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jason stop hanging out with Sam?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8813dd01466d4f4e8226001dd1690f05",
            "input": "Article: Advertising gives useful information about which products to buy. But modern advertising does more than gives news about products and services. Today's advertisements, or ads, try to get consumers to buy certain brands. Writers of advertising are so skillful that they can, sometimes persuade a consumer to wear a certain kind of clothing, eat a special kind of cereal, or see a movie. Consumers might never even want a product if they did not see or hear advertisements for it. For example, you probab1y do not need the newest cereal in the supermarket. There are probably many cereal brands on your kitchen shelves. You may not have space on a shelf for another. But if you see ads about a new cereal that is your extra-tasty and has a free prize in the box, you may want it. Advertising must get attention. To be effective, it must be exciting, entertaining, or provide some pleasure. The secret of writing good advertising copy is to offer a good idea as well as a product. The idea is what the ad is really selling. One example is an ad that says eating a certain cereal will make a person do well in sports. That cereal brand may sell better if consumers think it offers strength and energy. \n Answer: The skills of modern advertising.",
            "output": [
                "What is discussed in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e8d5dfbb30845d5a8aa6d9540814c25",
            "input": "Article: Climatic conditions are delicately adjusted to composition of the Earth's atmosphere. If there were a change in the atmosphere -- for example, in the   amounts of atmospheric gases -- the climate would probably change also. A slight increase in water vapor   , for example, would increase the heat-keeping capacity of the atmosphere and would lead to a rise in global temperatures. The level of carbon dioxide, CO2, in the atmosphere has an important effect on climatic change. Most of the Earth's incoming energy is short-wavelength radiation   , which tends to pass through atmospheric CO2easily. The Earth, however, reradiates much of the received energy as long-wavelength radiation  , which CO2absorbs and then goes toward the Earth. This phenomenon, known as the greenhouse effect, can result in an increase in the surface temperature of a planet. An extreme example of the effect is shown by Venus, a planet covered by heavy clouds composed mostly of CO2, whose surface temperatures have been measured at 430~C.If the CO2 content of the atmosphere is reduced, the temperature falls. According to one respectable theory, if the atmospheric CO2concentration were halved, the Earth would become completely covered with ice.  Another equally respectable theory, however, states that a halving of the CO2concentration would lead only to a reduction in global temperatures of 3degC. If, because of an increase in forest fires or volcanic activity, the CO2content of the atmosphere increased, a warmer climate would be produced. Plant growth, which relied on both the warmth and the availability of CO2, would probably increase. As a consequence, plant would use more and more CO2.  Eventually CO2levels would decrease and the climate, in turn, would become cooler. With reduced temperatures many plants would die; CO2would thus be returned to the atmosphere and gradually the temperature would rise again. Thus, if this process occurred, there might be a long-term oscillation   in the amount of CO2present in the atmosphere, with regular temperature increase and decrease. Some climatologists argue that the burning of fossil fuels has raised the level of CO2in the atmosphere and has caused a global temperature increase of at least 1degC. But a supposed global temperature rise of 1 degC may in reality be only several regional temperature increases, restricted to areas where there are many meteorological   stations. Other areas, for example, the Southern Hemisphere oceanic zone, may be experiencing an equal temperature decrease that is unrecognized because of the shortage of meteorological recording stations. \n Answer: Why are there fewer meteorological recording stations in the Southern Hemisphere oceanic zone than atmosphere?",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following questions does the information supplied in this passage try to answer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9182d5bfd7e94441a653974d2bb2e46f",
            "input": "Article: Nearly 60 million visitors flooded to the 384 national parks across America every year. And you won't have to wander far from home to enjoy one of these national treasures, with Michigan's Isle Royale National Park nearby. Located 56 miles from Copper Harbor on Michigan's Upper Peninsula, the park remains _ that can only be reached by tour boat. With the exception of the Rock Harbor Lodge, which offers both rooms with private baths and accommodations in the form of small cottages, the 572,000 acres that make up the 45-mile-long park are rough, threaded with hiking paths that lead to tents-only campsites. You are likely to see a deer crossing mist-covered ponds in search of breakfast, gaze bald eagles flying overhead, or hear a beaver  clapping its tail on the water. If you are especially lucky, you might even glimpse a grey wolf, nearly dying out from hunting on the mainland. Plenty of hiking paths open the area to exploration. The 4-mile Stroll Path winds through various trees and offers a tour of the island's history, including prehistoric Indian mines. The Jungle Path leads to Scoville Point----a perfect picnic spot surrounded on three sides by the shining waters of Lake Superior. You can also rent a boat at the park's service center and row down the shore to the Rock Harbor Lighthouse. Here park's service employees use nets to show how lake fishes used to be caught by the original local people. Their catch ends up on the dinner menu at the Rock Harbor Lodge. The park is open from mid-April through October; Rock Harbor Lodge is open from Memorial Day weekend until just after Labor Day. \n Answer: Food provided by Rock Harbor Lodge is shipped from outside.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-742d62a7e7ca44ca82381b9b0db8e4fc",
            "input": "Article: Alexi s Vaughan,17,sat tiredly in the passenger seat of her dad's car.The early Saturday morning run with her father,Michael,was part of the punishment.She stared sadly out of the window at the cornfields. An experienced hunter,Alexis let her eyes lazily search for wildlife.She was shocked when a deer came into view about 200 yards in front of them.Mule deer never appeared in plain sight ten days before hunting season.It was a buck--a male deer with sharp,three-pronged antlers . Suddenly Alexis heard a scream and saw an arm fly up near the deer's head.She realized the buck was attacking a woman.Sue Panter had been Out for her morning run.The deer had appeared from the tall corn and begun following her.Having lived in the countryside of Idaho for years,Sue knew that most deer got frightened by humans.But this deer moved closer,even when she threw a handful of small stones at it. \"I knew I was in trouble,\"she says. The buck rushed forward,lifted her up with its antlers and threw her into the air. Sue could feel the antlers made small holes in her leg and blood ran down her leg. When the Vaughans pulled up,the buck was throwing Sue like a rag doll. Before her father had stopped the car,Alexis rushed out of the car and down the slope toward the buck.\"1 was kicking and hitting it hard with my fists to get its attention so that It will leave the woman,\"she says.However,the animal was not frightened at all.Then Michael pushed the buck away from the woman by the antlers. Alexis helped Sue up the slope and into the Vaughans'car.Then she tied a tourniquet to Sue's right leg.Her neck was cut.Then she heard her father shout loudly. Michael had been knocked to the ground,his right leg seriously cut by the buck. Alexis took a hammer from the car and ran to where Michael lay on his back in the dirt.She beat the buck's head and neck,but the blows didn't frighten it away.\"I was losing faith,\"she says. \"A couple more strikes,Alexis,\"said Michael.\"You can do it.\"Alexis closed her eyes and hit with all her strength at the deer's neck with the hammer. When she opened her eyes, the deer was running away. A1exis got in the driver's seat and sped toward the hospital in Franklin,hearing her dad's breathing grow difficuIt and unsmooth as the blood from his wounded leg had flowed through the T--shirt he'd wrapped around it.In the backseat,Sue looked unconscious. After doctors treated Sue and Michael,Sue tearfully thanked her rescuers.\" _ \n Answer: By pushing the buck away from Sue by the antlers.",
            "output": [
                "How did Alexis help Sue soon after she ran out of the car?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1c476ac6670f46d3b24c4ec68c978e1e",
            "input": "Article: OSLO -- Excited with pride, Norwegians sang in the streets of Oslo on Sunday, celebrating Norway's National Day and the country's Eurovision Song Contest victory. Hundreds of Norwegians sang along to Alexander Rybak's winning song Fairytale as they walked in the country's traditional National Day parade   celebrating the Norwegian constitution. Alexander Rybak -- called \"Alexander the Great\" by the Norwegian media -- won a great victory in the Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) by gaining the most votes in its 53-year history in Moscow on Saturday. Alexander has played violin and piano since he was five years old, and he also composes his own music and sings. In 2006 he won the Norwegian talent show Kjempesjansen with his own song Foolin. Alexander has performed with one of the world's most celebrated violinists, Pinchas Zukerman, won the Anders Jahres Culture Price and has been the concertmaster for Norway's largest symphony orchestra   for youths, Ung Symfoni. Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg said there was clearly something special about the 23-year-old and his folk music. \"This is a _ performance by a young and talented musician,\" Stoltenberg said in a statement. Rybak is expected to draw a large crowd of fans to Oslo's Gardermoen airport when he arrives next Sunday, after having invited all his countrymen from the stage in Moscow. With Rybak's win, Norway will host next year's Eurovision finals, a show that reaches a television audience of over 100 million people. Norway's Minister of Culture, Trond Giske, promised that Norway would put on a splendid show next year but without spending as much as Moscow, which spent 24 million euros this year. \"I don't think that is necessary,\" he told national broadcaster NRK. The win was Norway's third. The Nordic country also won the Eurovision Song Contest in 1985 and 1995. \n Answer: It doesn't require a lot of money to make the finals splendid.",
            "output": [
                "What's Trond Giske's opinion?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b782551bc08c42ea829a277f1c3e2aaf",
            "input": "Article: Researchers found that people become happier and experience less worry after they reach the age of fifty. In fact, they say by the age of eighty-five, people are happier with their life than they were when they were eighteen years old. The findings came from a survey of more than three hundred forty thousand adults in the United States. The Gallup Organization questioned them by telephone in two thousand eight. At that time, the people were between the ages of eighteen and eighty-five. The researchers asked questions about emotions like happiness, sadness and worry. They also asked about mental or emotional stress. Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of twenty-two and twenty-five. The findings showed that stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties. Happiness was highest among the youngest adults and those in their early seventies. The people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their seventies and eighties. The findings appeared in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Researchers say they do not know why happiness increases as people get older. One theory is that, as people grow older, they grow more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences. Professor Stone says the emotional patterns could be linked to changes in how people see the world, or maybe even changes in brain chemistry. The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children, being unemployed or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well-being related to age. The study also showed that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older. However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men. \n Answer: The older a person is, the happier he grows.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ee080a0b4eaa4f1e9768fdf0a247d657",
            "input": "Article: The Singapore Management University (SMU) MBA programme was launched with the aim to develop the next generation of business leaders in Asia.We seek candidates with certain conditions and qualities. achievements and demonstrated   leadership potential.Participants in current and past classes have an average of 5 -6 years of working experience.We are looking for candidates who can benefit from - and contribute to - our seminar style of teaching and who can successfully lead teams and organizations coming out the programme.The programme has a strict minimum  work experience requirement of 2 years (more experience preferred).Younger applicants can apply but must demonstrate outstanding leadership potential and maturity through their professional and personal experiences. As our Full-time MBA and Part-time MBA are accelerated and strict, we are looking for candidates with strong academic certificates, as evidenced by their past academic performance.The GMAT is required as it gives us a base to compare candidates from diverse national, educational and professional backgrounds.While we have no minimum GMAT score, we consider candidates who have stronger than average marks in the verbal   , quantitative   and writing sections to be more competitive.We also require TOEFL or IELTS scores from those whose undergraduate or graduate degrees were not taught in English. Our business school's aim is to train sharp minds who lead organizations and serve society.To this end, we look to build a dynamic and diverse student body who will actively contribute to the learning experience both inside and outside the classroom, and who desire to make a difference in their greater communities.We are also looking for candidates with strong interpersonal skills and an international outlook who can work in diverse groups, a necessary condition for being a leader in today's globalized world. \n Answer: Communicative ability.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is a must for a candidate?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-68841df393314b7d9f8b258f7b2ca461",
            "input": "Article: As they migrate, butterflies and moths choose the winds they want to fly with, and they change their body positions if they start floating in the wrong direction. This new finding suggests that insects may use some of the same methods that birds use for traveling long distances. Scientists have long thought that insects were simply at the mercy of the wind. Fascinating as their skills of flight are, migrating behavior has been difficult to study in insects because many long distant trips happen thousands of feet above ground. Only recently have scientists developed technologies that can detect such little creatures at such great heights. To their surprise, though, the insects weren't passive travelers on the winds. In autumn, for example, most light winds blew from the east, but the insects somehow sought out ones that carried them south and they positioned themselves to navigate directly to their wintering homes. Even in the spring, when most winds flowed northward, the insects didn't always go with the flow. If breezes weren't blowing in the exact direction they wanted to go, the insects changed their body positions to compensate(, ). Many migrating birds do the same thing. The study also found that butterflies and moths actively flew within the air streams that pushed them along. By adding flight speeds to wind speeds, the scientists calculated that butterflies and moths can travel as fast as 100 kilometers an hour. The findings may have real-world applications. With climate warming, migrating insects are growing in number. Knowing how and when these pests move could help farmers decide when to spray their crops. \n Answer: Scientists have trouble in observing insects.",
            "output": [
                "What's the main idea of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-459cd0c08643415c9962762778a7502f",
            "input": "Article: Health experts have long known that vitamin D is important for healthy bones and teeth. It may also help to protect the body against diseases such as diabetes and cancer. And now, researchers say vitamin D might help fight brain diseases called dementia  . Dementia is a brain disease that damages thinking and memory processes, which scientists call \"cognitive   abilities.\" Dementia is difficult to treat. Taking care of someone who has dementia is extremely _ . And the disease is very frightening to sufferers. Chris Roberts suffers from dementia. He says the worst part of living with this disease was getting lost while driving. \"The worst thing that I found was getting lost in the car, not just forgetting where I was going-- I wouldn't know where I was.\" More than 47 million people around the world suffer from dementia. The World Health Organization reports that 60 percent of them live in low- and middle-income countries. We get vitamin D from some foods like nuts, lentils   and fatty fish. We also get vitamin D from the sun. But that is not dependable. In some parts of the world, there is not enough sunlight to provide enough vitamin D. Also, sunblock prevents the vitamin from entering the body. To add to the problem, the skin's ability to process vitamin D weakens as a person ages. Researchers at Rutgers University in New Jersey are exploring the relationship between vitamin D and dementia. The team recently measured vitamin D levels and cognitive ability in older people. Nutritional sciences professor Joshua Miller led the team. He said cognitive abilities differed among the study subjects. He said tests showed that about 60 percent of the group was low in vitamin D. \n Answer: Vitamin D helps the body fight against cancer.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about vitamin D?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-75d072f07a9a480089e60822d50d9ea1",
            "input": "Article: Earthquakes are the shaking, rolling or sudden shock of the earth's surface. Earthquakes happen along \"fault lines\" in the earth's crust. Earthquakes can be felt over large areas although they usually last less than one minute. Earthquakes cannot be predicted ---- although scientists are working on it! Most of the time, you will notice an earthquake by the gentle shaking of the ground. You may notice hanging plants swaying or objects wobbling on shelves. Sometimes you may hear a low rumbling noise or feel a sharp jolt. A survivor of the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco said the sensation was like riding a bicycle down a long flight of stairs. The intensity of an earthquake can be measured. One measurement is called the Richter scale. Earthquakes below 4.0 on the Richter scale usually do not cause damage, and earthquakes below 2.0 usually can't be felt. Earthquakes over 5.0 on the scale can cause damage. A magnitude 6.0 earthquake is considered strong and a magnitude 7.0 is a major earthquake. The Wenchuan Earthquake, which hit Sichuan Province in 2008, was magnitude 7.8. Earthquakes are sometimes called temblors, quakes, shakers or seismic activity. The most important thing to remember during an earthquake is to DROP, COVER and HOLD ON. So remember to DROP to the floor and get under something for COVER and HOLD ON during the shaking. \n Answer: Earthquakesusually can be felt because they can last for a long time.",
            "output": [
                "Which statement about earthquakes is Not correct?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0b4455fb834545e4bc67ed49aabc8edf",
            "input": "Article: Market analysts in the United States have recently been quoted as saying that the biggest threat to the luxury   industry in the US is the tech industry. This is according to an article by fellow journalist Ashley Lutz. Her suggestion is sound. The main idea of her article is that products from Tiffany & Co. find their biggest competition not from other luxury brands but from companies like Apple. Lutz points out that luxury products are often only for \"show,\" while the attraction behind tech products is functionality. You find few people in the United States today willing to purchase luxury goods at full price. It didn't use to be that way. Luxury goods used to be actually _ . That meant you needed to travel to the right store to purchase them, and you didn't even have the option of getting a deal. Today, no one wants to pay full price for luxury goods. People have the unfortunate belief that fakes   somehow are equal to originals, and if you can't get a deal on eBay, Amazon, or in an outlet store, purchasing a luxury product probably isn't worth it. Luxury brands struggle to remain high-end   images despite the reality that the American consumer is motivated much more by discounts than they are by brand names or image. Yet people stand in line to pay full price for a new product from Apple and crowds gather to hear about a new smart phone. While electronics are updating every day, people are purchasing technology at full prices much more than they are purchasing luxury goods. What are high-tech makers doing right that luxury makers are pitifully failing at? Carefully looking at the situation, it would appear as if the Internet didn't hurt the luxury industry, expectation from the consumers did. What people want these days more than anything is stuff that does something. They want cars that drive, shoes that are comfortable, games that are fun to play, screens that are beautiful to look at, tools that are useful, and entertainment that is entertaining. Little of that fits into what the luxury industry has typically offered with its status, image, and fine materials. The sad reality is that luxury products aren't that luxury any more. \n Answer: Iphones have taken the place of luxury products.",
            "output": [
                "What does this passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-61e17040d98042e3a1a8cdade7fdf5af",
            "input": "Article: Welcome to the International Summer School Students can have an enjoyable English language learning experiencce--together with organized sports, activities and excursion program. The International Summer School runs 4 different summer school centers for boys and girls aged from 7 to 20.  Two of these schools--Moira House and University Hall of Residence--are based in East Bourne on the south coast of Englanded--in the much favored Meads area of the town, within walking distance of the seafront and town centre. Gatwick Airport is about an hour's drive away and Healthrow around 90 minutes. Our 4th school--Bethany Centre--is located in the heart of Kent--an area known as \"The Garden of England\" close go woods of the High Wealed but only 20 minutes from the town of Royal Tunbridge Wells. Gatwick and Heathrow Airports are easily accessible, as are Euro star InternationalStations at Ashford and Ebbs fleet. The aim of International Summer School is to create a lively and happy atmosphere that makes learning and international communication enjoyable. Young people can have fun, but also gain considerable skills in English.  A full day in London is always included, as well as other places of cultural interest. Students of all cultures are welcomed as our aim is to create a summer school which can truly be described as International. When we return your child to you at the end of their stay, we hope they will feel enriched by their experience with us and will look forward to returning to meet friends made at International Summer School the following year, as so many do. \n Answer: To attract more students to study in the International Summer School",
            "output": [
                "What is the writer's purpose by writing this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-99da36ad683746cf838b1645ea8b905b",
            "input": "Article: Girls should take part in competitive sport to build confidence, the leader of a group of girls' schools will argue this week. Helen Fraser, director of the Girls Day School Trust (GDST), will tell the group that sport can help girls cope with failure. \"All girls and not just the sporty ones should take physical exercise\", Ms Fraser will say. Research that girls are far less active than boys is worrying, she argues. Ms Fraser will tell the group that she backs \"sport for all\". \"That's why I love it when our schools have A, B ,C and D teams and beyond\", she will say. The GDST draws on research from the Women's Sport and Fitness Foundation which suggests only a quarter of girls in England meet basic levels  ( )of activity each week. One in five girls do no activity at all, twice the proportion  of boys, the research suggests. Ms Fraser says other research suggests that more than 80% of women business leaders played sports while growing up. She uses the examples of US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, once a skater and tennis player, while the head of the International Monetary Fund, Christine Lagarde, was in the French national swimming team. Ms Fraser says Olympic medallists like Jessica Ennis, Katherine Grainger and Nicola Adams are excellent role models for young women but says women's sport needs more money and more news reports.. Valerie Dunsford, head of Sheffield High School, part of GDST, said it was important to offer a large number of sports to attract different types of girls. \"Not everyone wants to be out playing the hockey  \", said Ms Dunsford. \n Answer: More should be done to make girls do sports.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following ideas would Ms Fraser agree with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-85f125d131a74aeaaaefcfdfa1a6046a",
            "input": "Article: Indoor and outdoor courts. Coaching from beginners to advanced, every day not evenings.Children only-Sat. mornings. SKIING Dry slopes--3 levels instructors at weekends and Fridays. Daytime parcitice. 8 years upwards. SWIMMING 2 pools I heated Olympic length. Tuition available. Women: Tuesday and Thursday. Men: Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Children: Saturday Family day: Sunday GOLF 9 hole practice course. Professional Coaching. Lessons must be booked in advance in daytime. Evening practice. Minimum age -- 9 years. GYMNASTICS Maximum age--18 years. Children aged 5--10. Monday and Wednesdays. 4:00--6:00 p.m. 10--18 year-old. Friday evenings. Bar work on Sunday mornings. AND MUCH MORE Table Tennis, Snooker, Darts , Chess(everyday and evening), Cafe (all day),Bar(lunch time and evenings), Nursery(weekdays and weekends, not evenings). Centre open 10:00 a.m.--10:00 p.m. Daily. Interested? More details inside. Quote Card Number: 99. \n Answer: It shows us a lot of ways to spend our holidays.",
            "output": [
                "What is this ad mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-38bb491006aa485293a01a6d4ebee2fd",
            "input": "Article: On behalf of the Obama family,I want to wish you a very happy Thanksgiving. Like many of you. we'll spend the day with family and friends,catching up,eating some good food and watching a little football.Before we lift a fork,we lend a hand by going out in the community to serve some of our neighbors in need.And we give thanks for each other, and for all of God's blessings.We all share this day,united by the gratitude for the bounty  of this nation. And we welcome the contributions of all people-no matter their origin or color or beliefs-who call America home, and who enrich the life of our nation.  It is a belief as old as our founding:\"Epluribus unum\" -- _ . We are reminded that this creed, and America itself was never an inevitability, but the result of ordinary people in every generation doing their part to uphold our founding ideals-by taking the blessings of freedom, and multiplying them for those who would follow. As President Kennedy once wrote, even as we give thanks for all that we've inherited from those who came before us-\"the decency(,) of purpose, steadfastness of resolve and strength of will, for the courage and the humility, which they possessed.\" we must also remember that \"the highest appreciation is not to utter words but to live by them.\" Today,we are grateful to all Americans who do their part to live by those ideals, including our brave men and women in uniform overseas and their families, who sacrifice so much to keep America safe.We are grateful to the countless Americans who serve their communities in soup kitchens and shelters,looking out for those who are less fortunate,and lifting up those who have fallen on hard times. This generosity, this compassion, this belief that we are each other's keepers, is essential to who we are, not just on this day,but every day.It's easy to focus on what separates us.But as we gather with loved ones on this Thanksgiving, let's remember and be grateful for what ties us together. Our love of country.Our commitment to justice and equality.Our belief that America's best days are ahead,and that her destiny is ours to shape-and that our inherited ideals must be the birthright of all of our children. That's what today is all about: _ Thank you, God bless you. \n Answer: The persistent efforts of all Americans.",
            "output": [
                "What makes America as it is today?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1538b2854f634d4db32da78f90c5cb34",
            "input": "Article: Teenagers are often a difficult group. With all those hormones  flooding their bodies, they can be moody, unpredictable, and tend to make uncertain choices. But however confusing their teenage years are, kids can still be generally happy, depending on their lifestyle choices. According to a new research by British scientists, teens who don't smoke, drink only moderately or not at all, and who don't eat much junk food are likely to be happier than other teens. The study looked at 40,000 British families and came up with some interesting findings. For example, kids who never drank alcohol were up to six times more likely to report higher levels of happiness than kids who drank. And teens who smoked were five times less likely to rate high on happiness charts compared to kids who don't smoke. Same goes for diet and physical activity. The more fruits and vegetables kids eat, and the more hours they spend playing sports, the happier they are. Now, of course this doesn't mean that not smoking or drinking, and playing sports guarantees happiness. It could be that kids who have happy character tend to be more active and less addicted to drinking or smoking. And it could equally be the case that kids who are unhappy are more related to drinking and smoking and eating junk food. Other studies have shown that exercise is a proven way to treat anxiety and depression. Future studies may support the idea that other healthful behaviors, including refraining  from smoking, drinking, and eating too much junk, can avoid sadness and increase happiness, too. \n Answer: Unhappiness can certainly result in smoking and drinking.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4dbc4ea0b5e4c6faa84f538d5fc3b1b",
            "input": "Article: Glynis I piled on the pounds and I couldn't lose them. Then I joined a slimming club. My target weight was 140 pounds and I lost 30 pounds in six months. I  felt great and people kept saying how good I looked. But Christmas came and I started to slip back into my old eating habits. I told myself I'd lose the weight at slimming classes in the next year, but it didn't happen. Instead of losing the pounds, I put them on. I'd lost will power  and tried to believe the saying that fish and chips didn't make any difference but the scales don't lie. Roz To be honest, I never weigh myself any more. I've leant to be happy with myself. It seemed to me that I would feel sorry about every spoonful of tasty food that passed my lips. My idea is simple. You shouldn't think too much about food and dieting. Instead, you should get on with life and stop dreaming of a super-thin body. This is obviously the size I'm meant to be and, most of all I'm happy with it. Lesley I was very happy about winning Young Slimmer of the Year. I'd look in the mirror, unable to believe this slim lady was me! That might have been my problem-perhaps from then on I didn't pay any attention to myself. Winning a national competition makes everything worse, though because you feel the eyes of the world are fixed upon you. I feel a complete failure because I've put on weight again. Ros Before moving in with my husband Gavin, I'd always been about 110 pounds, but the pleasant environment went straight to my waist and I put on 15 pounds in a year. Every so often I try to go on a diet. I always do well in the first few days, then end up having the children's leftovers or eating chocolate happily-my weakness. I'd like to be slim. I decided to take more exercise when my kids are older. \n Answer: Their figure.",
            "output": [
                "What are the four women talking about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad7eb5b0e3ec49f58ad2548d004e07b9",
            "input": "Article: It was around 9 pm. Before heading to dinner in Jayanagar T Block, I was told by my wife that the rickshaw   fare would be 40 rupees. Anyhow I had 150 rupees in my pocket. My wife said that if the drivers of rickshaws see out-of-town travelers, they'll scam   them one way or another. At a crowded stop, a young girl extended her hand through the iron bars on the side of our rickshaw to ask for some money. After we refused, or rickshaw driver started his remarks on giving. \"Giving is good. Every human should give. But we should know how to give.\" The rickshaw driver continued, \"Most of these kids are trained by some guy who keeps all the money. It's run like a business. All of us should give, but this is just not the right place to give.\" He talked a bit more before we arrived. I asked about the fare. \"39 rupees,\" he said. Now, most people who get cheated end up saying, \"Well, you know, I don't mind paying extra if it is a good guy but I refuse to be cheated.\" I gave him 40 rupees, and he gave me a 1 rupee coin in return (Most folks would just round up). So I put the coin in my wallet, and took out a 100 rupee note. \"Can you do me a favor?\" \"Of course, sir,\" he replied politely. \"We were talking about art of giving. You seem to know how and where to give. Can you put the 100 rupees to good use somewhere?\" \"Give me your address and I'll make sure I get a receipt   of where I gave,\" He replied without hesitation. I didn't understand him at first. Then I smiled and told him, \"I trust you.\" So on the way back, instead of taking a bus to my place, I walked for the whole distance since I didn't have enough money. It was almost 1 a.m and I had to wake up at 6 a.m the next day. But I still walked. \n Answer: To warn him no to be cheated.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author's wife tell him the rickshaw fare?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-da50e9672da144febfd7c18b1c15a761",
            "input": "Article: In 1837, the historian Carlyle made the first recorded use of the word \" queue\"  .He spoke of the French and their \"habit of standing in a queue\".Forty years later prefix = st1 /Pariswas the best place to wait in line.        However, queuing became popular in Britain too.The Second World War was the golden age of queuing, and people joined any line in the hope that it was a queue for something to buy.This was the source of many Second World War jokes:        Shopkeeper to customer: Excuse me, miss, are you pregnant  ?        Customer:             Well, I wasn't when I joined the queue.        Today, according to research inAmerica, we (inBritain) can spend up to 5 years of our lives queuing - as compared to twelve months looking for things we have lost.But things may be changing.        Many people no longer have the patience to stand in a queue.The law of the jungle   has begun to operate at bus stops, with people using their arms to push others out of the way.        One way to make life easier is to introduce \"queue management\".Customers at supermarket cheese counters can now take a ticket with a number which appears on a screen when it is their turn.And while they wait for their number, they can do a bit of shopping.        In some booking offices there is also a system telling customers how long they may have to wait before they are served.        One of the latest technical progress is the use of an electronic scanner   which can read all the contents of your shopping basket or trolley in just a few seconds.If these become popular, queuing in supermarkets may become a thing of the past.        But some people just like queuing.One man queued all night for Harrods famous January sale, and then returned home for breakfast at nine o' clock the next morning without going into the shop. \n Answer: The British spend more time queuing than looking for lost things.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6620ff88065143cf9cd62616efd2732e",
            "input": "Article: \"Get out of the plane!\" Justin shouted.Teddy and he dropped to the ground,... When Kathy and Victor reached the edge of the meadow  flames of the fire were shooting more than five meters into the air. Kathy couldn't believe what she was seeing.One glance told her they needed medical attention immediately.She questioned Victor, \"Are you able to find someone nearby for help?\" \"There are no farmers, nor villagers nearby,\" he replied. \"I'm a distance runner, and I'll go for help.\" Looking at the seriously injured men, Kathy said to Victor, \"It may take me several hours to get out.\" She started out. When she was 23, Kathy set a women's record in a Marathon of 42 kilometers. _ She had nearly 30 kilometers of hard wilderness to cover to get help. Kathy had been running for two hours.This was far back into the wilderness.The country path was growing vague  .She stopped to take a quick compass   reading.Yes, she had run almost for more than 20 kilometers.Her heart fell, her muscle aching.And finally she saw her car in the distance. She jumped into the car and sped away.She reached a holiday house and called the police. During the wait, she walked around, relaxing her legs and drinking water.It took almost two hours for a police helicopter to reach her at the trail   end.They needed her for one more task. \n Answer: Kathy herself",
            "output": [
                "Who actually had the airplane accident?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-88fb8f71212f4ca3a63132bd4c36580a",
            "input": "Article: Climate change is making it harder than usual for scientists to figure out what the future will bring and what impact weather changes will have on society and the economy. An upsurge of severe weather events has already destroyed homes, businesses and lives. Some fairly simple changes may reduce the toll. In a laboratory test, a house built with conventional techniques is falling apart in hurricane-force winds. The survivor has stronger shingles, thicker roof boards, and metal straps holding floors together. Wind tunnel tests were done by the Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety. It says stronger construction costs a little more, but holds up much better to extreme weather. The growing number of unusually strong storms, like Typhoon Haiyan, has convinced the Chairman of the U. S. Senate Homeland Security Committee, Tom Carper, that extreme weather is the \"new _ ).\" \"Extreme weather events have increased in frequency over the past 50 years and are expected to become even more common, more intense, and more costly,\" said Carper. Hurricane Sandy hit beachfront businesses along the U.S. East Coast, including Carper's home state. Insurance companies had to pay out huge claims. To limit such losses, the insurance industry can raise premiums  for businesses in vulnerable locations and offer discounts to clients who make their buildings more resilient with upgraded construction techniques. Managing risks is the job of insurance brokers like Kevin Connelly of the Graham Company, who spoke to VOA via Skype. \"We are either going to price your insurance at a huge markup, or we are not going to write (sell it) it at all, which is just as bad obviously,\" said Connelly. Drought is another suspected consequence of climate change, and dry ground means more wildfires in California. Current mathematical models of climate change do a poor job of predicting the economic impact of drought and other weather events, says Massachusetts Institute of Technology Professor Robert Pindyck, who spoke via Skype. \"I think all we can do, taking all of that into account, is come up with some very rough numbers, very rough estimates, \"said Pindyck. \"Consensus estimates that maybe experts provide, that give us a view of what would the catastrophic outcome look like if we don't do anything?\" To help deal with this serious problem, Pindyck says policymakers should take actions such as imposing a tax on carbon dioxide emissions. A carbon tax would encourage companies and families to use less energy and generate fewer of the gases thought to be driving changes in the climate. But other analysts say it is unlikely a new tax will get approval in the U.S. Congress any time soon. \n Answer: Stronger construction will save the expense in the long run.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-43cbc41b6c7c4dec8d453c03b53fe4aa",
            "input": "Article: I have a younger brother. To me , he is a fourteen-year-old kid named Joe, with blond hair and blue eyes. To others, he is different. Where I see a kid who just needs a lot more attention, others see a mentally disabled boy, a kid who cannot walk or talk or think for himself. I see someone who just makes daily routine a bit less routine. Others see an annoyance, a bother. This is not to say that I have never felt resentful  toward Joe. He is my brother, and with that comes responsibility. \"Gina, could you stay in tonight and watch your brother?\" \"Gina, do me a favor and feed him dinner and change his diaper  later, please?\"\"Could you come home right after school today and get Joe off the bus?\" These are phrases that I have heard since I was twelve. And sure, they have made me resent my brother to a certain extent. I would think: that's not fair! Everyone else can stay after and be a member of this club, or get extra help from that teacher. Or, all my friends are going out tonight, why can't I?  And, how come I have to feed him? He is not my son! However, the small amount of resentment I feel toward my brother is erased a thousand times over by what I have learned from him. Besides making me responsible from a young age, and helping me be more accepting  of all kinds of people, he has taught me to be thankful for what I have. I know that there are moment in my life that I should cherish and that Joe will never experience. He will never laugh so hard that he cries. He will never feel the glory of a straight-A report card. He will never comfort a  best friend crying on his shoulder. And he will never know how much his family love him. Because he will never know, it is up to me to know, every second , how lucky I am. It is up to me to realize that life should be lived to its fullest, and that you should always, always be grateful that God, or whoever are the powers that be, gave you the ability to live your life the way you were meant to live it. \n Answer: No problem!",
            "output": [
                "If Mother asks Gina to look after her brother now, what will she probably answer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-857fb5217988498f9be53ba9cda08bb0",
            "input": "Article: Hurricane  Babette reached the northeastern United States today and caused death and destruction everywhere. The killer storm carried winds of 135 miles per hour. The high winds and heavy rains, together with the force of the Atlantic Ocean, created extremely dangerous waves. It is not yet known how many people died or were hurt in this storm, but it is said that the numbers will be very high. The damage to homes, business and crops will run into billions of dollars. Now that the storm is over, the long, slow rebuilding will begin. With the arrival of the tornado season, the National Weather Service is again telling people how to protect themselves from these deadly storms. The winds from tornadoes are the most violent winds on earth. They can blow up to 400 miles per hour. A tornado looks like a funnel . It is also very loud. It may sound like a train coming at you. In fact, the winds from a tornado can pick up a train and throw it around. If a tornado is seen in your area, it is very important that you protect yourself. A basement   is the safest place to go. Try to wait under a table in the basement. If your building does not have a basement, stay on the ground floor but lie flat under a bed or table. Stay away from windows. If you are outside or in your car, try to find a narrow place to lie down in. As the area tries to deal with the worst flood of the century, there are many heartwarming stories of people helping other people. From all over the world people have sent food and clothes to help the thousands who have had to leave their homes. Many volunteers have come to help to make sandbags and use them to build walls against the overflowing river. While the result of this disaster will be terrible for many, it is beautiful to see people coming together to help others and save lives, and property  . \n Answer: Newspaper articles about the weather.",
            "output": [
                "What are the three short passages about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fe9df8ee4bd244cb8365ea5830f574a9",
            "input": "Article: Imagine when you are sailing an ocean for the first time, you see a big fish swimming near your ship. You might be scared, and worried about whether it will turn over your ship for a meal. In fact, it is not a fish at all, but a gentle giant whale. Whales are not fishes but mammals  . Their body temperature stays the same, and does not change with the temperature of their environment. They breathe air, so they have to come out of the water to get oxygen. Thus, they cannot afford to fall into a sleeping state for too long, since they need to be awake in order to breathe. It is thought that only half of their brains sleep at a time, so that whales are never completely asleep. Females give birth to the young. They have hair. Although they are not covered in hair or fur like many mammals, whales have some bristles  , usually on their heads. Whales are highly social animals with complex languages and intelligence. They communicate with each other using romantic sounds, called \"whale songs\". Being so large and powerful, these sounds are also loud. Whales are endangered as a result of whaling   from the eleventh century to the twentieth. It has attracted the attention of environmentalists and some measures   have been taken to protect whales. \n Answer: Four.",
            "output": [
                "How many aspects show that whales are mammals?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-33be8c6c15b748ccac8ead1ae954a971",
            "input": "Article: In business, there is a speed difference: It's the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive   strategy and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size .Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed. In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to _ ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track, What's more, the firms that \"slowed down to speed up \"improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period. How did they disobey _ , taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought differently about what \"slower\" and \"faster\" mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ).Simply increasing the speed of production, for example ,may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference .But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services. In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast  , performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn't develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes. Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. Teams that regularly take time to get things right , rather than plough ahead full bore , are more successful in meeting their business goals . That kind of strategy must come from the top. \n Answer: Firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4af4e56c8a40414a9a717eb0a7763e48",
            "input": "Article: Eat less and exercise more--it has long been a magic word for reducing those extra weight. But now it seems that all the hard work may have been in vain. Scientists say there are ten other reasons why people just keep getting bigger. They say that sleeping habits, central heating, medicines and even some pollutants   can play a role in weight gain. Traditionally, people have focused on diet and exercise to solve the problem. However the scientists from top US and Canadian universities say that other things must be considered. Lack of sleep could be partly the reason. In recent years, the average night's sleep has dropped from nine hours to just seven. Sleep shortage changes levels of the hormones   that control food intake and body fat and increase hunger and appetite. If it is too hot or too cold, we burn calories   to cool down or heat up. But if the temperature is just right, the calories may be turned into body fat instead. Those who take medicine to control their blood pressure can often put on weight. Similarly, studies have shown that going on the Pill can add to a woman's weight. Mother nature may also be the reason, with our body shape being partly inherited  . The overweight are also more likely to settle with partners of a similar size. And their children are more likely to be obese  .  And the use of pollutants is on the rise, say the researchers. The man-made chemicals in pesticides   and plastics can lead to weight gain. Your mother's age and your weight at birth are also important, with older woman more likely to have obese children and underweight babies having a bigger chance of being obese in later life. We also tend to put on weight as we get older. Finally, giving up smoking can also help pile on the pounds. The scientists from Yale, Cornell and Johns Hopkins said there was some evidence supporting poor diet and lack of exercise as the main causes of obesity. \n Answer: To have less food and take more exercise.",
            "output": [
                "Which is commonly thought to be effective in losing weight?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-88908dc25f204278981e7ffa4850fde7",
            "input": "Article: During a recent phone interview with a mom who had just moved to Colorado, the conversation turned to disaster planning.\" I am standing here looking out of the window at the smoke from wildfires,\" she told me, \"and have absolutely no idea what we will do if the wind shifts our way.\" Fortunately, the fire was put out, saving her home. Making a disaster plan isn't something anyone does for fun. But being caught without one in a time of need is worse. Emergency management officials say too few families have a disaster plan ,even in areas that have been hit hard by hurricanes or flooding. I have prepared food, water, flashlights, candles, a battery-powered radio and firewood since our family was hit years ago by a hurricane that blocked off streets and knocked out our power for more than a week. Still we lack the medications, emergency contacts, and emergency-meeting and pet-care plans we should also have .Officials in my state of Oregon have warned us that one of us is really ready for the major disaster which is very likely to hit here---- a big earthquake. Working parents need to coordinate their disaster plans with their children's schools or child-care centers. Many parents in the 2003 New York blackout weren't able to get home to their children because public traffic was stopped and lights were out. After that, many parents made detailed plans with child-care providers about where to meet in emergencies, an whom to contact if unable to reach each other. Good emergency planning and training helped teachers at a child-care center in the World Trade Center successfully move children to a safe place during the 2001 terrorist attacks. Do you have an emergency plan for your home? If not, you know what to do. \n Answer: Medicine",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following things has the writer NOT prepared for disasters?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d5a0511687904f42a50bb6ed21d22f86",
            "input": "Article: Philo Farnsworth is not a name most people know. But his work changed the way we learn, the way we live, and even the way we think. Philo Farnsworth is responsible for one of the 20thcentury: television. Philo Farnsworth was born in America in 1906. He was interested in science and technology at an early age. When he was twelve years old, he built an electric motor for his family's washing machine. When he was fourteen, he was already giving a lot of thought to electrons . As he was driving the family's horse-drawn plowing machine, he noticed the evenly spaced rows of the potato fields. This sight gave him the idea that electrons could scan  an image one row at a time--an idea that was the key to electronic television. By the time he was twenty-one years old, Farnsworth had started his own company and had managed to build the world's first electronic television. It was a very simple device . But after years of hard work, Farnsworth was able to introduce the kind of television we now use. Farnsworth was a great inventor, but lived an unhappy life. He had a legal battle with the company, Radio Corporation of America (RCA) over who the real inventor of the TV was. _ , but the government stopped companies from making TVs during the war, so Farnsworth didn't make much money from the invention. When Farnsworth was young, he imagined television as a convenient way for distant audiences to enjoy lectures by famous professors, or entertainment by the best symphonies  and ballets. When he was older, television became much more popular, but he was very disappointed in the silly programs on TV. He even told his own son, \"There's nothing on it worthwhile, and we're not going to watch it in this household.\" \n Answer: He had strong powers of observation.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about Philo Farnsworth?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8c1ee8c9b6d5443e90111f9dd867a69e",
            "input": "Article: An extinct mountain goat that was once common in the Pyrenees became the first animal to be brought back from extinction. Researchers used frozen DNA to produce a clone, but the newborn kid died within minutes of birth due to breathing difficulties. The Pyrenean ibex is a type of mountain goat,which is believed to have died out completely in 2000. Before the death of the last known individual(a13-year-old female known as Celia), biologists took cells from her skin and ears. An earlier cloning attempt to use the skin cells failed. But the latest attempt involved the creation of 439 cloned embryos. Of these cloned embryos, 57 were put into the female domestic goats, but only one goat gave birth and the newborn cloned kid died after seven minutes as a result of lung disease. Researchers say that other cloned animals, including sheep, have been born with similar lung disease, but they say that overall the experiment was a major step forward in the effort to bring the ibex back to its mountain home. The leading researcher Jose Folch says, \"the cloned kid was genetically like the ibex;in species such as the ibex,cloning is the only possibility to avoid its complete disappearance.\" The failure to produce a living clone from DNA that was frozen only a decade ago shows the difficulty researchers would face in trying to bring back species that have been extinct  for decades or centuries. Researchers have had the idea of bringing back the Tasmanian tiger, which went extinct in 1936. There are, however, other species that have been seriously suggested for cloning,such as the giant panda, the African bongo antelope, the Sumatran tiger and the pygmy hippo. Supporters believe cloning provides hope of keeping these endangered animals alive before they die out. \n Answer: It died of lung disease.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the cloned ibex?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0f8a5fcfab8f415c8942351ba474a0ce",
            "input": "Article: Louis Braille, Alphabet Maker Blind people can read. They do so by running their fingers along a line of raised points or dots on paper. Of course, they first have to learn the code. Here are some examples of it. One dot stands for the letter \"A.\" Two dots side by side mean \"C.\" Four dots arranged to look like a box (: :) stand for the letter \"G.\" By placing the dots in special patterns, all the letters of the alphabet can be formed. This code was made up by a Frenchman called Louis Braille. Though he could see at birth, he became sightless when he was only three. Braille was cutting leather in his father's shop. His knife slipped and cut his eye. Infection spread to both eyes, and he became blind. At 10, he was placed in a home for the blind. But young Louis had great talent. He became a skilled musician and soon got a job as a church organist  in Paris. Because he had talent and was quick, he became a teacher at a school for the blind. While there, he heard that an army captain had sent messages to his gun crews so they could read them at night without light. His messages were in the simple form of raised dots and dashes. This was the clue Louis needed. At the age of 15, he worked out his own six-dot code. Each group of dots is called a cell. The cells are three dots high and two dots wide. For the rest of his life, Braille taught his young flock to read both written and musical works using his code.  For the last 17 years of his life, Braille was ill with tuberculosis . He died at the age of 43. France honored him by placing his remains in the famous Pantheon in Paris. \n Answer: Louis Braille developed a reading method for blind people.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly concerned with?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-666de56c8a424cbfbd28377a10c72754",
            "input": "Article: China is a land of bicycles. At least it was back in 1992 when I traveled the country. Back then everyone seemed to be riding a bicycle. Millions of them, all black. Cars were rare. Yet since my arrival in Beijing last year, I've found the opposite is true. There are millions of cars. However, people still use their bicycles to get around. For many, it's the easiest and cheapest way to travel today. Bicycles also come in different colors---silver, green, red, blue, yellow, whatever you want. It's fun watching people biking. They rush quickly through crossroads, move skillfully through traffic, and ride even on sidewalks . Bicycles allow people the freedom to move about that cars just can't provide. Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture, I decided to buy a bicycle. Great weather accompanied my great buy. I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home. My first ride home was orderly  . To be safe, I stayed with a \"pack\" of bikers while cars on the streets came running swiftly out of nowhere at times. I didn't want to get hit. So I took the ride carefully. Crossing the streets was the biggest problem. It was a lot like crossing a major highway back in the United States. The streets here were wide, so crossing took time, skill and a little bit of luck. I finally made it home. The feeling on the bicycle was amazing. The air hitting my face and going through my hair was wonderful. I was sitting on top of the world as I passed by places and people. Biking made me feel alive. \n Answer: Because they are convenient and inexpensive.",
            "output": [
                "According to the author, why are bicycles still popular in China today?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7f7feb15b3174e2881c4e3a098309b24",
            "input": "Article: What is an idiom? An idiom is a group of words which, when used together, has a different meaning from the one which the individual words have. For example, \"---How do you know that Sid and Nancy have separated ?\" \"---I heard it on the grapevine \". Of course, the second speaker does not mean he heard the news about John by putting his ear to a grapevine! He is conveying the idea visually of information spreading around a widespread network, similar to a grapevine. We use idioms to express something that other words do not express as clearly or as cleverly. We often use an image or symbol to describe something as clearly as possible and thus make our point as effectively as possible. For example, \"in a nutshell\" suggests the idea of having all the information contained within very few words. Idioms tend to be informal and are best used in spoken rather than written English. One of the best ways to learn an idiom is by looking at the context in which it is used. This can be done by concentrating on the rest of the sentence and try to guess the meaning. Many idioms are not that difficult to understand when considered in their context. For example: We are going to have a surprise party for Tom tomorrow. It's a secret so please don't let the cat out of the bag. 'Let the cat out of the bag' is an idiom. Imagine you don't know what this idiom means; by looking at the words preceding, it should be easy to guess that the speaker does not want you to tell Tom about the surprise party. Therefore, 'let the cat out of the bag' must mean something like' reveal a secret' or 'tell a secret'. \n Answer: It rained cats and dogs yesterday.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following sentences is NOT similar to  \"I heard it on the grapevine. \" in figures of speech ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bec1946e876f4cf285cef7b232685203",
            "input": "Article: Perhaps Joe Cheng has become popular with thousands of fans and has been chased by girls and middles students. But do you know his resume ? Yes. Joe Cheng, who plays the most popular boy in high school in the popular Taiwanese drama \"It Started with a Kiss.\" Although thousands of girls have fallen in love with him for his cute smile and strong body, Cheng, 27, doesn't want to rest on his good looks. He made the move from modeling to acting six years ago, and now he is trying another career-this time, to be a singer. Cheng worked on his first album, \"Joe Cheng's Day\", for a year. It came out on September 7. Apart from recording his CD, Cheng has been practicing dance moves for his music video. Given his height, 188cm, this was not an easy job. \"I had bad dreams about dancing,\" he said. Cheng's life has had many ups and downs. His parents divorced when he was in primary school and he has lived with his father ever since. After dropping out of high school, he took on all kinds of jobs before being spotted by a scout for a modeling agency. Cheng said his key to life is \"keeping a positive _ and making the most out of life.\" Cheng admitted that he got bad grades when he was in high school. But he was still very popular at school. \"Being very active in the students union, I was elected president. I liked to organize parties and field trips, so many teachers and students knew me,\" he said. Cheng once dreamed of becoming a cartoonist, and he regrets that he never did it. Now he hopes his teenage fans can learn from his life. \"When you are in school, just focus on studies,\" Cheng said. \"Every young heart is eager to explore the world outside. But take your time. Finish your studies first.\" \n Answer: The Key to Success.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title for this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2cda39b51a9d42078936ae79fd386300",
            "input": "Article: The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a woman's life spent in caring for the children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, four or five of whom lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman's youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five years and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty. Even while she has to take care of children, her work is lightened by modern living conditions. This important change in women's life-patterns has only recently begun to have its full effect on women's economic position. Even a few years ago most girls took a full-time job after they left school. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school- leaving age is sixteen; many girls stay at school after that age, and though women usually marry older, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Many more afterwards return to full-or-part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them. \n Answer: At about twenty-five",
            "output": [
                "At what age did most women marry around the 1890 according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-820475856b2746aa8a1b15d49231e174",
            "input": "Article: It's a Friday night. Your girl friends are out at a bar and your boyfriend is playing soccer with his mates. Two text messages later, you're eating pizza and watching action movies with three guy friends. Perfect. \"Guy friends\" have the potential to enrich your life in ways that female friends and boyfriends just can't. For starters, they provide an insider's perspective on how men think, feel and behave. When dealing with male relatives, coworkers and even boyfriends, another man's point of view can be incredibly useful. Three hours spent analyzing a situation in a cafe with your girlfriends can't compete with a quick chat to a guy friend. Many women find that time spent with male friends can be a liberating and somewhat refreshing break from spending time with the girls. Without the judgmental gaze of other females, there is less pressure to dress up and compete for attention. Traditionally, girl-guy friendships are seen as hard to maintain. Most relationships between males and females that we come across in our day-to-day lives, whether in movies or books, are romantic by nature. These cultural images make girl-guy friendships seem impossible. Yet in reality, as gender roles loosen and equality becomes a norm in the workplace, it has become much more common for platonic friendships to blossom. \"The belief that men and women can't be friends comes from another era in which women were at home and men were in the workplace, and the only way they could get together was for romance,\" explains psychologist Linda Sapadin to Psychology Today magazine. \"Now they work together and share sports interests and socialize together.\" \"My boyfriend has met all of my guy friends so he's quite accepting of me hanging out with them,\" says Nellie. \"Because we've been dating so long, there's a level of trust where he knows I will make the right decision when choosing who to be friends with. \"He understands that the kind of time that I spend differs between guys and girls. When I'm out with the girls, we're gossiping or talking about clothes but when I'm spending time with the guys, it's different. I think their carefree and 'whatever goes' attitude can sometimes be exactly what I need.\" \n Answer: Platonic friendship can be fun and liberating.",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1399db55de0b4088a3491770e53c64f5",
            "input": "Article: Tattoos  and body piercings  have moved up on the trend list in recent years. Around Western schools lots of teens are sporting new holes and flesh ink. Like all other subjects, we'll surely be faced with such situation. To get a better view of what has happened in the West, let's sit down and hear what they say. Kerstin Otto from Washington: The hotter it gets and the more layers of clothing disappear, the more tattoos and piercings appear on various places of the human body, I wouldn't be caught dead with a snake tattooed on my ankle or with a piece of metal stuck in my belly button. Erin from Indiana: I think body piercing is cool. In most situations, you don't really have to worry about it getting torn out. I go to Noblesville High School. I am a sophomore (that is the l0th grade). Body piercing can be cool, only if it is not taken to too much of an extent. I would not want to get my nose pierced, just because I think I'll look bad. But that is my personal opinion. I guess that type of thing is a cultural difference. Tiara from Indiana: I personally think body piercing is sickening. If there were supposed to be holes in your body, you would have been born with them. I do, however, think that ear piercing, is not wrong.  There is a difference between ear piercing and belly button piercing. Ear piercing is not nearly as dangerous. I would be sick if someone stuck a needle in my belly button. Lee from Illinois: Hi! I live in Illinois. I am 23. I have 12 tattoos and three piercings. I love my tattoos and consider myself an art collector. You would be surprised at who has given me the thumbs-up on my art work. People on the street stop me to look at that on my leg. Most of them don't know what it is. They just think the work itself is great. Subotai from California: I'm not prohibitive  of self-expression, but when I see high school students getting these piercings, I really wonder. In some cases, the drive is deeper and darker than mere fashion. A friend of mine tried piercing her own tongue with a safety pin. It got infected and she had a tongue the size of a cow's. Nagib from Washington: I wanted an earring. My friends had them and it looked like a cool thing. I wanted to get a nose ring, but my mum wouldn't let me. Now I'm glad I didn't get it. I just wanted a little stud, but I wouldn't have looked good with it. Jackson from Ohio: I don't think it's wrong, but when people do it all over the place like their face and everything --I think that's ridiculous. People who get the big dragons that cover your whole body--I don't think that's necessary. When I see naked chicks on guys, I think. \"You have no respect for women.\" Brittney from New York: You don't want to do stuff to your body. You don t need to do that because you were made perfect. You don't need to add piercings. If it will make you feel beautiful and you really feel like you need to do it for yourself, then okay. If it really makes a big difference impacting your self-esteem and how you are towards others, then do it. But otherwise, don't mess with what you got. Maybe you should try something more substantial  to find beauty in yourself. \n Answer: Lee.",
            "output": [
                "Who is wholeheartedly lost in tattoos and piercing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-68f918bc257a418589ba3b37997bded5",
            "input": "Article: I work at a Care Center where most of the people are elderly. About a year and a half ago a 59-year-old lady came to us who had cancer. She had to have her right leg amputated and she didn't have a family to take care of her after the operation. This lady was a quiet lady who mostly stayed alone. But in the afternoons, when she was feeling well, she would go to visit the other people in the Care Center. She would visit a lady who was blind and read to her. She would go into the room of a young girl with severe cerebral palsy and sing to her. In her quiet and gentle way, she would go about the Care Center doing goods. She passed away last Wednesday and after her passing, stories are coming forward of her quiet acts of kindness in her own hour of sorrow. We never know what  _ we have upon others. She had every reason to be bitter, to be angry, or to be swallowed up in her own grief. But she wasn't. She didn't have a family and probably felt forgotten, but her small and quiet acts of service made an impact upon the entire Care Center. Each of us feels better than before for having known her. We have pledged to be more aware of the service that we can offer to others. \n Answer: Because she was invited by many patients there.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the old lady live in the Care Center?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f156dafa291a40e7a502f44af6b9a01f",
            "input": "Article: The effects of air pollution on natural conditions have been a disturbing problem for many years. Some scientists hold the view that the air inside houses may be more dangerous than the air outside. It may even be one hundred times worse. Most scientists agree that every modern house has some kind of indoor pollution, which can cause a person to feel tired, to suffer eye pain, headache and other problems. Believe it or not, some pollutants can cause breathing diseases of blood and even cancer. What made us feel relieved is that there's growing concern about the problem now. It is true that when builders began constructing houses and offices they did not want to waste energy. they built buildings that prevented or limited the flow of air between inside and outside. For the same purpose, man-made building materials were employed to build houses, which are now known to let out some harmful gases. Facing the serious challenge, scientists have been searching for a way to handle the problem. To everyone's delight, they discovered a natural pollution control system for building--green plants, though they do not really know how plants control air pollution. Scientists suppose that a plant's leaves absorb or take in the pollutants and in exchange gives out oxygen through its leaves and tiny organizations on its roots. Therefore they recommend that all buildings should have one large plant or several small plants inside for every nine square meters of space. Because studies indicate that different plants absorb different chemicals, the most effective way to clean the air is to use different kinds of plants. In conclusion, having green plants inside your house can make it a prettier and healthier place. Why not try? \n Answer: Only large plants can absorb harmful gases indoors.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUR?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-70466fdf1b61428197215911b564b377",
            "input": "Article: If you want to become a fluent English speaker you should take some advice: There are four skills in learning English. They are reading, listening, speaking, and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills you should first master the skills of reading and listening. Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentence, the meanings of the unfamiliar words, etc. There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammars or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you _ , but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it. As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes. You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening. Since you have lots of inputs in your mind, you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say. This never means that you should not practice listening. For listening you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children. Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes. If you follow these pieces of advice, your speaking and writing will improve automatically, and you can be sure that with a little effort they will become perfect. \n Answer: Reading and listening.",
            "output": [
                "According to the author, which should you improve first among the four skills?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-49daccd777af4ff699b5825aa06e4864",
            "input": "Article: More than 50 people have responded to an advertise for \"one of the most relaxing jobs on the market\" - a bathtub TESTER. Bathstore is seeking a Bathroom Executive Officer (BEO) to test their range of products. It is sure to give the perfect candidate a stress-free life and possibly some pruned fingers and toes. And 12 month contract role pays a yearly salary of PS6,000, plus bathroom installation worth PS6and products worth PS4,000 to trial. For those expecting an easy life, this job isn't all about splashing around in the suds or playing with a rubber duck. The successful applicant will be responsible for providing written reports and analysis on the overall bathing experience. However, all that boring stuff can be done from the comfort of your own home. That's because Bathstore will regularly install their new baths into the BEO's home \"ensuring that this is one job that can be taken lying down\". Before you apply, make sure you meet the criteria, which is to be laid back, relaxed and bubbly! Bathstore's chief marketing officer Claire Bayliss said: \"We are dedicated to making dream bathrooms easy, from design to installation, and this appointment demonstrates our commitment to deliver quality products and expert advice. \"We've already received some great applicants for the BEO position and will be looking to produce a short-list in the upcoming weeks. \"We're really looking forward to filling the role and won't rest until we find the right candidate\". Other possible best jobs in the world range from a chief funster to a taste master. \n Answer: He can do the job comfortably.",
            "output": [
                "what is the advantage of the job for the perfect candicate?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-811e8df494f24d428a0a38c48eb07924",
            "input": "Article: Are you thinking of writhing someone a letter? Call instead. It isn't that expensive, especially when you call during the evening, night, or weekend hours. In fact, you can made a ten-minute call anywhere in the continental United States for just $2.60. For even greater saving, always dial direct ,that is ,without an operator's help .Rates on direct, that is ,without an operator's help. Rates on direct calls are lower after five o' clock in the evening and lowest after, and pay phone calls than direct calls. Need to call out of the country? Now calls to many overseas places may be dialed direct. Check your telephone direction for overseas area codes. Next time you have good news, or you just want to stay in touch, remember, a phone call means so much more than a letter. This has been a message from Southern Bell Telephone Company. \n Answer: After 11 at night",
            "output": [
                "According go this passage, when is a dial telephone call cheapest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-39182a82607a44c6bc686bd202ef5476",
            "input": "Article: When asked to point out one or two things that are most important to themselves, many put friends ahead of homes, jobs, clothes and cars. A true friendship carries a long history of experience that determines who we are and keeps us connected. It is a treasure we should protect. Unfortunately, the better friends you are, the more probably you'll have disagreements. And the result can be what you don't want--an end to the relationship. The good news is that most troubled friendships can be mended. First, don't let your pride get in your way. Most of us can forgive each other when differences are brought out in the open. Second, apologize when you're wrong -- even if you've been wronged. Over the course of a friendship, even the best people make mistakes. Sometimes, it may be best if the _ takes the lead and apologizes. When you apologize, give your friend a chance to admit  that he has been wrong. Third, see things from your friend's point of view. And finally, accept that friendships change as our needs and lifestyle change. Making friends can sometimes seem easy. The hard part is keeping the connections strong during the natural ups and downs that have an effect on all relationships. My suggestion: consider friendship as an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture . \n Answer: How to Take the Lead in Making Friends",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6bdcb83a8bb0473cb4c292678b7b839a",
            "input": "Article: Reading new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, Where bottled water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. \"My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water.\" He says.    But is plain tap water all that bad? Not at all. In fact, New York's municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive. Nevertheless, soft-drink companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for market share-this despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCo's Aquafina and Coca-Cola's Dasani are both purified tap water rather than spring water. As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate   over the profits. A restaurant's typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it's often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren't available in stores, most dines don't notice or care. As a result, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water. According to an article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the dinners if they want it. Regardless of how it's sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity. \n Answer: It is a kind of mineral water.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Iceberg Water from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-96c273cc317f45f99e305de4a5f71faf",
            "input": "Article: Packaging is an important form of advertising. A package can sometimes motivate someone to buy a product. For example, a small child might ask for a breakfast food that comes in a box with a picture of a TV character. The child is more interested in the picture than in the  breakfast food. Pictures for children to color or cut out, games printed on a package, or small gifts inside a box also motivate many children to buy products--or to ask their parents for them. Some packages suggest that . Food products sold in reusable containers are examples of this. Although a similar product in a plain container might cost less, people often prefer to buy the product in a reusable glass or dish, because they believe the container is free. However, the cost of the container is added to the cost of the product. The size of a package also motivates a buyer. Maybe the package has \"Economy Size\" or \"Family Size\" printed on it. This suggests that the large size has the most products for the least money. But that is not always true. A buyer has to know how the product is sold and the price of the basic unit. The information on the package should provide some answers. But the important thing for any buyer to remember is that a package is often an advertisement. The words and pictures do not tell the whole story. Only the product inside can do that. \n Answer: On seeing a well-designed container, a buyer often neglects what is inside it.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c2208369e6d54e1692e1d57a232fb9e7",
            "input": "Article: Picture a wasteland of old computer monitors  and TVs, stretching as far as the eye can see. Imagine towers of boxes, all of them filled with broken glass and discarded   electronic devices. Technology graveyards like this can be found in communities across the country. Experts say that landfills  and warehouses will overflow unless a plan for the disposal  and reuse of electronics is put into place . \"We can't put electronics and glass aside and tell ourselves we'll deal with them later ,\" Lauren Roman , managing director of Transparent Planet said. Roman's group works to improve the disposal of electronic waste. She says about 660 million pounds of tech-trash is produced each year in the U.S. What's behind the tech trash pile-up ?About ten years ago ,major advances were made in computer and television technology . Manufacturers began producing devices like flat -paneled LCDs and plasma  screen monitors. These new products provide a clearer image and take up less space than older models. It goes without saying that consumers choose them rather than heavy glass-based technologies. The new electronics are built with materials that are difficult to recycle. In addition, the new products have decreased the demand for recycled parts from the older monitors and screens. Older, heavier computer monitors and TVs used glass-based components called CRTs. CRTs have a high lead content and can be environmentally hazardous if not recycled properly . If crushed and put in landfills, the lead from CUTs could seep into groundwater and rivers, harming the water supply. For many years, plants and recycling programs safely processed CRTs. The recycled CRTs were reused in the construction of new monitors. Monitors being made today do not use glass tubes . \"People are returning old -style TVs with CRTs , but no new ones are being made ,\" said Linnell. This is creating an imbalance in the amount of glass being disposed of and recycled properly. Many recycling companies have shut down. Others no longer have the resources or space to process these materials. This results in stockpiling. However , experts say there are ways to safely and responsibly address the tech-trash problem. \n Answer: New technology causes trouble for recyclers.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-47d702424c1b49d6a0f30f35e6de707e",
            "input": "Article: Zurich of Switzerland is the city with the highest quality of life in 2006, while Baghdad, for the third year running, has the lowest, a survey published by human resource company Mercer on Monday shows.  Zurich, Geneva and Vancouver made the top three in the list while Bangui in the Central African Republic and Brazzaville, the capital of Congo Republic, joined Baghdad in the bottom three.  The top three cities in the list are all unchanged from last year. Almost half the top 30 scoring cities are in Western Europe. In this region, Vienna follows Zurich and prefix = st1 /Genevain 4th position. Other highly-rated cities include Dusseldorf, Frankfurt andMunichin positions 6, 7 and 8 respectively. Athens remains the lowest scoring city in Western Europe, standing at position 79. Chicago is one of the biggest climbers in the rankings since 2005, rising to 41st from 52nd due to reduced crime rates, while Cairois one of the biggest fallers, sliding nine places to 131st out of 215 cities. \"This was due to political conflicts and terrorist attacks in the city and surrounding area,\" Mercer said. Asia-Pacific Auckland and Wellington have both moved up the rankings from 8th to 5th and 14th to 12th places respectively, while Sydneyremains at position 9. In Asia, Singaporeranks 34th followed byTokyo,Japan's highest scoring city, at position 35. Hong Kong's modern and efficient infrastructure, including its airport which is considered one of best in the world, has pushed it up from 70th to 68th position. The top-ranking city in China's mainland isShanghaiin 103rd place. \"Beijing and Shanghaiare on the rise and should experience rapid improvements in quality of living in the coming years. This is mainly due to greater international investment driven by the availability and lower cost of labor and manufacturing skills,\" explained Mr. Slagin Parakatil, Senior Researcher at Mercer. Mercer bases its annual survey on 39 quality-of-life factors, from political stability to schools, bars, restaurants and the environment. The top ten cities in the list: Zurich, Switzerland Geneva, Switzerland Vancouver, Canada Vienna, Austria Auckland, New Zealand Dusseldorf, Germany Munich, Germany Sydney, Australia Berne, Switzerland \n Answer: Cairowas the 122nd last year",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-692a33187fc9404fab621ce2dd902a7d",
            "input": "Article: A different sort of _ is developing in the workplace. Someone --- specifically the father-daughter team of Larry and Meagan Johnson --- has figured out that on some American job sites, five generations are working side by side. In their new book about generations in the workplace the pair argue that while such an age difference adds a lot of texture and a variety of life experiences, it can also bring tensions and conflicts. The Johnsons are human-resource trainers and public speakers. Dad Larry is a former health-care executive; daughter Meagan is a onetime high-level sales manager. Here are the oldest and youngest of the five generations they identify: They call the oldest group Traditionals, born before 1945. They were heavily influenced by the lessons of the Great Depression and World War Two. They respect authority, set a high standard of workmanship, and communicate easily and confidently. But they're also stubbornly independent. They want their opinions heard. At the other extreme are what the Johnsons call Linksters, born after 1995 into today's more complicated, multi-media world. They live and breathe technology and are often social activists. You won't find many 15-year olds in the offices of large companies, except as volunteers, of course, but quite old and quite young workers do come together in sales environments like bike shops and ice-cream stores. The Johnsons, Larry and Meagan, represent a generation gap themselves in their work with jobsite issues. The Johnsons' point is that as the average lifespan continues to rise and retirement dates get delayed because of the tight economy, people of different generations are working side by side, more often bringing with them very different ideas about company loyalty and work values. The five generations are heavily influenced by quite different events, social trends, and the cultural phenomena of their times. Their experiences shape their behavior and make it difficult, sometimes, for managers to achieve a strong and efficient workplace. Larry and Meagan Johnson discuss all this in greater detail in a new book, \"Generations, Inc.: From Boomers to Linksters --- Managing the Friction Between Generations at Work,\" published by Amacom Press, which is available in all good bookstore from this Friday. \n Answer: They're difficult to work with as they are stubborn.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true about Traditionals?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-86355198458643e5a4085aee98b4f2b1",
            "input": "Article: Call out. Call loud: \"I'm ready! Come and find me!\" The snacks in the tool shed   smell like the seaside. They'll never find you in the salty dark, But be careful that your feet aren't sticking out. Wisher not to risk another shout. The floor is cold. They'll probably be searching The bushes near the swing. Whatever happens, You mustn't sneeze when they come prowling   in. And here they are, whispering at the door; You've never heard them so hushed   before, Don't breathe. Don't move. Stay dumb. Hide in your blindness.  They're moving closer, someone stumbles, mutters; Their words and laughter scuffle, and they're gone. But don't come out just yet; they'll try the lane And then the greenhouse and back here again. They must be thinking that you've very clever, Getting more puzzled as they went away. You legs are stiff, the cold bites through your coat; The dark damp smell of sand moves in your throat. It's time to let them know that you're the winner. Push off the snacks. Uncurl   and stretch. That's better! Out of the shed and call to them: \"I've caught you!\" The darkening garden watches. Nothing stirs. The bushes hold their breath; the sun is gone. Yes, here you are. But where are they who sought you?                          ---Vernon Scannell \n Answer: feet",
            "output": [
                "Which part of the body is difficult to hide?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0263ffbe6eb74fe6b3084b560044f4e9",
            "input": "Article: The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before changes for the better, changes for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings ,changes that put man in danger .Many things caused the changes ,but ,in my opinion ,the most important was the progress in science.        Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe ,it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development .Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.        The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings : in pure science--a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning ;in applied science--a more reasonable sharing of material benefits ,and better protection of the environment.        Sadly ,however ,there is another side to the picture .The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind .The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet .We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons ,Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War ,the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used ,the result could have been the ruin of the human race ,as well as of many kinds of animals.        William Shakespeare said. \"The web of our life is of a _ yarn ,good and ill together. \"The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities--science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so ?Must the ill always go together with the good ?Are we biologically programmed for war? \n Answer: Effective ways to separate the good from the ill.",
            "output": [
                "What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d5326857256e467ba721b5c6e5f4b02d",
            "input": "Article: A Korean wave is sweeping across China, with many Chinese women worshiping South Korean actors Kin Soo-hyun and Lee Min-ho as demigods . Chinese netizens always have different opinions. Over South Korean TV dramas, but there is no doubt that programs from the neighboring country are now enjoying a new round of popularity in China, And a big part of the credit for that goes to You Who Came From The Star, the South Korean TV series which is on the air now. You Who Came From The Star and The Heirs   have been subjects of hot online discussions throughout Asia. Besides, the book, The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane, read by the hero You Who Came From The Star was a hard-to-get item on Amazon for a while. The two TV programs have several common elements  :a tall, handsome, and rich hero who loves the heroine blindly and always protects her, and an equally handsome man madly in love with the same woman. Both programs describe the purity of love, which is expressed through a kiss or a warm hug. Perhaps that's the secret of their success; perhaps people still like Cinderella-type stories. The widening wealth gap is a matter of social concern both in South Korea and China, and the challenges that young people face in their hope for a better life might have caused many ordinary girls to dream of marrying rich, caring men. This is precisely what the popular South Korean TV drams describe. _  Many netizens even said at an earlier time that South Korean TV dramas had become popular because of their stereotyped   themes: traffic accidents, cancer and other incurable diseases. But all that has changed with the success of You Who Came From The Star and The Heirs, which Chinese directors can use as examples, as well as inspiration, to improve their productions. \n Answer: It is because of You Who Came From The Star.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main reason for a new round of popularity in China?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-23f6b2f2a5494e8baa19db98a8d58082",
            "input": "Article: Barefoot Traveler is a tour agent that specializes in diving holidays,tailor-made to your own needs.The most popular destinations include Bonaire,Tobago,the Bahamas, Maldives,Oman,Seychelles and Thailand.     Our friendly and knowledgeable staff,who are qualified divers themselves,will be able to advise you on the best destinations for your requirements.     Whether you want to learn to dive,further your diving qualifications,continue to discover the underwater world,or simply relax on the beach,we are here'to help organize your holiday.     We are happy to satisfy single travelers and offer special discounts .     Group discounts are offered to groups of eight or more travelers and tailor-made packages are available for Dive Clubs.     We also offer a series of diving liveaboard choices throughout the Caribbean.Indian Ocean and South East Asia.Liveaboards are very popular scuba diving holidays for those who want to access the best diving sites.     Our barefoot luxury holiday brand is for those trying something a little more special,whether it's your honeymoon,anniversary or simply for more discerning travelers.We have a selection of 4 and 5 star levels which are the best in luxury holidays. \n Answer: To attract tourists.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's purpose in writing this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3240191cd4524806a89ad00f59fc6a7f",
            "input": "Article: Goods must be of proper quality ,must be as described on the package and must be fit for any particular purpose made known by the seller .Those three rules used for the goods you buy can also be used for the goods you get on hire ,or for the goods you get as part of a service.        There are also rules which deal with the standard of services you get--from ,say ,travel agents ,shoe repairers ,hairdressers and builders. _ tell you what you should expect from any service you pay for.        A person providing a service must do so:        --With reasonable care and skill .You should expect a proper standard of workmanship . A new house should have straight walls and the roof must not leak .        --Within a reasonable time. A shop should not take three months to repair your TV. You can always agree upon a completion time with the supplier of the service.        You ,the customer ,must pay:        --A reasonable charge for a service, where no price has been fixed in advance .A trader can not expect a large payment for a small job. \n Answer: He should reach an agreement on the payment with his workers.",
            "output": [
                "What should the supplier do when offering a service?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-920118dc03884167af02ca8045423f75",
            "input": "Article: Bright red post boxes, the Queen and queuing--what do they all have in common? They are all important parts of British life. At least I thought so. However, the ability to queue for long periods of time, once believed to be a traditional characteristic of the British, is no longer tolerated by people in the UK, according to a survey done for British bank Barclays. Once upon a time, queuing was seen as normal. During World WarII, everyone had to queue up to receive their daily supply of foods. In fact, if you didn't stand up and wait in line with all the others, it was seen as uncivilized. The famous English double-decker buses, with only one entrance, might also help explain why queuing was seen as a part of British life. Almost always, there is queue to get on. www.zxxk.com But perhaps the British are tired of being pushed past by the Spanish, the Italians or the French as they queue up to get a table at a restaurant. The people of these other European countries have more than one entrance to their buses, which explains their more relaxed attitude to the queue. Two minutes is now the longest time most British people are prepared to stand and wait. But could it be that the Internet, which allows us to carry out tasks quickly, is the main reason why British people are no longer prepared to queue? \"Used to buying without delay, customers are even giving up purchases rather than wait their turn,\" says Stuart Neal of Barclaycard. \"Shoppers are also less likely to queue for long if the item they are buying is of low value.\" Perhaps I will have to replace \"queuing\" with \"impatience\" in my list of things I relate to the British. \n Answer: It was considered a symbol of a civilized behavior.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the tradition of queuing in Britain?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0c73b2378c854587b71052c2cadc6239",
            "input": "Article: What is your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you watched a television program? Adults seldom call back events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four seldom remember any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been suggested by psychologists   for this \"childhood amnesia\". Now Annette Simms, a psychologist of Riverdale University, offers a new explanation for childhood amnesia. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone else's spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, fast forgotten impressions of them into long-term memories. In other words, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about them. Without this verbal reinforcement  , children cannot form permanent memories of what they have experienced. So why should personal memories depend so heavily on hearing them described? Dr. Simms presents evidence that the human mind organizes memories in that way. Children whose mothers talk with them about the day's activities before bedtime tend to remember more of the day's special event than those whose mothers don't. Talking about an event in this way helps a child to remember it. And learning to organize memories as a continuous story is the key to a permanent mental \"autobiography  \" of important life events. Dr. Simms suggests that we humans may be biologically programmed to turn our life experiences into a novel. The key to creating this mental life story is language, says Dr. Simms. \"Children learn to talk about the past,\" she says. \"Talking to others about their short-term memories of the past leads to the establishment   of long-term memories.\" One way it does this is by helping a child to recognize that the retelling of an experience is just the experience itself, recreated in the form of words. The child learns that this \"word-description\" of an experience can then be stored in the memory and called back at any time. But a child's language skills are usually not ready for this until the age of three or four, so they have no way to remember the earliest of their experiences. \n Answer: Why can't we remember the events of early childhood?",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the main idea of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df6720782d2f44e4860d88a11b25b91a",
            "input": "Article: A couple of days ago, as the test results came out, my son and a group of his 13-year-old friends piled into the back seat of my car, ready for the last-day-of-school party at McDonald's. \"Jack got a laptop for getting straight A's, and Laurie got a cell-phone,\" one boy said. \"Oh, yeah, and Sarah got an iPad, and she's only in third grade,\" said another. \"And how about Brian? He got $10 for each A.\" I suddenly became concerned. These payoffs might get parents through grammar school, but what about high school and beyond? What would be left after the electric guitar, the cell-phone, and the DVD player? I saw the road ahead: _ I saw my comfortable lifestyle disappear before my eyes -- no more of those $5 bags of already-peeled organic carrots. No more organic anything! I started to feel surprised and nervous. Would every goal achieved by my two children fetch a reward? A high grade point average? A good class ranking? Would sports achievements be included in this reward system: soccer goals, touchdowns? What about the orchestra? Would first chair pay more than second? I'd be penniless by eighth-grade graduation. \"We never paid anything for good grades,\" said my neighbor across the street, whose son was recently accepted at MIT. \"He just did it on his own. Maybe once in a while we went out for pizza, but that's about it.\" Don't you just hate that? We're all running around looking for the MP3 player with the most updates, and she's spending a few dollars on pizza. She gets motivation; we get negotiation. And what about the primary grades? What do these students get? \"When the teacher asked if anyone got rewards for good grades, everyone in my class raised their hands and said they got ice cream cones ,\" said one third-grader. \n Answer: Don't Pay Kids for Good Grades",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b097b78c7f544efbb6e8db05e5116c8f",
            "input": "Article: Can eating a chocolate bar every day really prevent age-related memory loss? No. But a new research shows that large amounts of flavones, substances found in cocoa, tea and some kinds of vegetables, may improve age-related memory failure. Dr. Scott Small is a professor of neurology at Columbia University  in new York City He is the  lead writer of a research paper describing the effects of cocoa flavones on brain activity  His study involved 37 volunteers aged between 50 and 69. Researchers gave them a high-level flavones drink made from cocoa beans or a low-level flavones drink. For a period of three months, some subjects got 900 milligrams of flavones a day. The others got 10 milligrams of flavones each day. Brain imaging and memory tests were given to each study subject before and after the study Dr. Small says that the subjects who had the high-level flavones drink showed much improvement on memorytests. The researchers warn that more work is needed to be done because this study was performed  only on a small group. Dr. Joann Manson is the lead researcher of a four .year study involving 18,000 adults. This study will use flavones capsules  The study subjects will be divided into two groups and will take two pills per day. The capsules used will all Look the same. But one group's capsules will contain flavones, while the other group will take capsules made of an inactive substance, or placebo Dr. Manson says it's not necessary for people to start eating more chocolate, because 3 person would have to eat a huge amount of chocolate to get the same level of flavones given to the Lest subjects. He adds many manufacturers have planned to remove the flavones from their chocolate products. Similarity, Dr. says a cocoa-based flavones extract may be developed in the future But he says that more studies are needed to see how much flavones is good for our health \n Answer: They were asked to take two pills of flavones capsules per day",
            "output": [
                "What was done to the subjects alter Dr. Small's study?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-03f3ed1f1ae14927bd96036afc171334",
            "input": "Article: Mr. and Mrs. Gordon were sitting on the sand, reading their magazines. Mr. Gordon was too stingy to rent a chair. Their twelve-year-old daughter,Sandra, was playing at the water's edge. Suddenly a huge wave lifted Sandra up and carried her out to sea. Fortunately, a lifeguard was on duty and he saw the wave carry Sandra away. He ran along the beach and dived into the sea. He swam quickly to where the girl, with her head only just above the water, was shouting for help. She was very frightened. When the lifeguard reached her, she struggled with him, as drowning people often do. However, he was a skilful lifeguard and quickly took hold of her and swam with her back to the beach. By the time he reached it, Mr. and Mrs. Gordon had realized what had happened. They had run down to the water's edge. Neither of them could swim. They just stood in the shallow water, and worried about their daughter. Had the lifeguard reached her in time? Fortunately, he had. \"That was quick work,young man,\"Mr. Gordon said. He turned to his wife, \"Give the lifeguard a dollar.\" \"A dollar!\" Sandra cried. \"Dad,how can you give him a dollar! He saved my life. I was half dead.\" \"Quite right, girl\" Mr. Gordon said, pleased by his daughter's awareness  of the value of money. He turned to his wife again and said, \"She's right. She was only half dead. Give him fifty cents. \" \n Answer: Her life was saved by a lifeguard.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to Sandra?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c58c6a084f2d4757a24042abccf4cb95",
            "input": "Article: Do you often lose things? Don't worry. Now a new tool that can be connected to any object you might lose may be the way to solve your problem. The Tile, a small square linked up to your iphone or ipad by means of Bluetooth, lets you see how close you are to your missing item, within a 50-to-150-foot range. If the item goes out of your phone's 150-foot range, it can still be found on other smart phones with the same app. When you drive the app on your phone, it shows you, with green bars that increase or decrease, how close or far away you are from the Tile. You can also program it to make a sound when you get close to the Tile. And you can link up your phone with up to ten Tiles. And if your lost object--a dog, for example, or a stolen bike--go out of your own phone's 150-foot Bluetooth range, you can set it as a \"lost item\". If any of the phones with the Tile app comes within range of your lost item, a message will be sent to your phone, telling you its position. The Tile app also has the function to remember where it last saw your Tile, so that you can easily find where you left it. Since the Tiles use Bluetooth rather than GPS, they are never out of battery or needn't to be charged, and they work for one year before needing to be replaced. And the app works with all generations of iPhones and iPads. For further information, please visit www. tile666.com. \n Answer: To find your missing items",
            "output": [
                "What can the Tile app help you ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c877e49ddba64a67bb9f9785534c2e0c",
            "input": "Article: Sitting on the peaceful coast of Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, watching the sun move quietly into the sea, you shouldn't forget that Charles Darwin (1809-1882) arrived here in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This finally inspired   his famous work,On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwin's footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to the islands. The islands are certainly a paradise   for wildlife, as there are no natural killers on the islands and the number of boats and visitors is under government control. Though you cannot walk freely as Darwin did about 200 years ago, each day is as impressive as it could be. The most well-known animals of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise , which can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Santa Cruz, the second largest island in the archipelago . Some of these creatures are so old that they might have been seen in their youth by Darwin himself. Despite strict control over activities and timing, your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures: diving with sea lions that swim and play within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch your feet as you swim; and, most magically, seeing a whale and her baby surface with a great breath of air. Travelling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, you will feel as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world. At night you will sleep on board the ship, leaving the wildlife in complete occupation of the islands, which are as undisturbed now as they have been since the beginning of time. \n Answer: He studied different creatures on the islands.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about Darwin's visit to the islands?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-37b93975bdf241f0b8e59f5c5d218e78",
            "input": "Article: The Ant Bully Actor: Julia Roberts -- Hova(voice) Nicolas Cage--Zoc (voice) Language: English Run Time: 1Hour 25 Minutes Price: Mon--Fri$30(VIP:18) $ 15 (Children under 7)       Sat.--Sun.--$40 (VIP:28) $ 20 (Children under 7) Lucas Nickel is often bullied   by the big boy in his neighborhood. Because he cannot fight back, he takes out his anger on an anthill in his front yard. He stamps it, squirts  it with his water gun, and floods it. One wizard ant, Zoc, makes Lucas as little as an ant and Lucas has to work and live in the ants' county. During his staying with the ants, Lucas learns the value of friendship and teamwork, and finally gains the things he wants most: friendship and the courage to stand up for himself. I really enjoyed this movie. It's a fun movie for the whole family. I had really good laughs and enjoyed being there.                                       --James I went to see this film today with my 8-year-old daughter, really without knowing too much about it. My daughter and I were pleasantly surprised at how funny it was. We just couldn't help laughing. I would recommend  this film for the whole family.            --Mary I've seen several movies of this kind, like Antz or Bugs Life, but this one blows them both away as having greater movie qualities. The film is so well made --some of the scenes are unbelievably beautiful.                                                   --John I would recommend their movie to everyone. Whether you go with family or friends, I honestly think this movie has something you will really enjoy.                  --Sam \n Answer: In a movie poster",
            "output": [
                "Where can we most probably find this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-db675e4aa038473bb4ccc48742da7d54",
            "input": "Article: Like many other places in the world, recently, Indiana education officials decided that the schools of the state will not be required to teach handwriting skills to students any longer. Instead, they will focus their energies on teaching students how to type. Is handwriting still an important skill? An online survey received some surprising responses. Handwriting is not necessary. Students only need to know how to read it, and the only time that they must write something is to make a signature. Why stress them more than they need to be stressed? We already put so much pressure on them to perform on state tests. --Rita Children don't write letters now. They send e-mails or text messages. A lot of those old ways are going away. How many bills do you pay by writing a check anymore? --Brown Although my son is not comfortable with writing, I bought a workbook for him to practice his handwriting. Can you imagine being an adult and not being able to sign a document? --Susan What a shame! I guess one day it will be a lost art, because handwriting is that personal and beautiful. It has personality --Anna The school where I worked dropped handwriting several years ago. Unless the students have computers in class, they will not be able to take notes at high speed. I have to speak very slowly and stop after a sentence or two because many students write very slowly. --Helen The same thing happened here in Tennessee this past year. I think it's a shame. I just received a handwritten letter from my stepmother and it meant that she spent time sitting and writing. Such a letter brought me a good feeling. --Kathy Children should still learn writing, for the sake of having a skill that all people can communicate with. I certainly appreciate a handwritten note of thanks or news from my children and grandchildren. --Ruth \n Answer: The popularity of computers in schools.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-26b31d0b49234f51b75369169c9e4c21",
            "input": "Article: China has a long tradition of respecting education. But its present education is not that respectable.   According to the Hurun Report, which conducted one-on-one interviews with 980 wealthy Chinese people with net assets of more than 60 million yuan ($9.5 million) in 18 mainland cities from May to September, about 14 percent of them said they had either already moved overseas or had applied to do so, and another 46 percent said they planned to emigrate within three years. All cited the higher-quality education available for their children overseas as the reason.   Such a mindset has resulted in a growing number of Chinese students studying abroad.   To be fair, our primary and high schools are a leader in content throughout the world. The Program for International Student Assessment last year offered a feather in the cap for our education. Participating in the program administered by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, teenagers in Shanghai were far in advance of their peers from 64 countries, including the United States, in reading literacy, mathematics and science.   So why does education in this country leave so many wealthy parents cold?   Children in China have no say in what they learn. They normally learn by rote and are forced to study the subjects that help them in examinations for a school of a higher grade, especially the college entrance exams.   Studies conducted by the China Youth and Children Research Center show that more than half of Chinese secondary school students study overtime and they don't get enough sleep. And more than 70 percent of students in primary and middle schools take after-school tutoring classes, which is considered a heavy burden on children.   And this situation turns many parents into demons like \"Wolf Father\" Xiao Baiyou in Guangdong province, who supported his children's learning with verbal abuse and physical violence. Xiao doesn't pale in comparison to Tiger Mother Amy Chua in the United States. He is satisfied with his parenting skills, as he has sent three of his four children to Peking University, one of China's most prestigious higher learning institutions.   Such ways of stimulating children to learn are certainly scary enough to make those Chinese parents with deep pockets choose a foreign school for their kids.  As long as exams-oriented education continues, parents will look overseas for a better way to educate their children. \n Answer: 60% of them.",
            "output": [
                "How many of the wealthy Chinese interviewed were in favor of moving overseas?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1e8721a03f8640e5a3abe193a69e2e81",
            "input": "Article: The Washington post - NASA's newest space habitat looks sort of like a kids' moon bonce, a big, bright, inflatable globe that could be lots of fun to play in. Soon astronauts on the International Space Station could get the chance to try . The expandable habitat made by Bigelow Aerospace recently passed NASA's strict certification requirements and is scheduled to be flown to the station in September. Called the BEAM ( Bigelow Expandable Activity Module), the habitat would be attached to the space station, where it would stay for two years. While there, it would be tested to see how it handles  the _ of space - the radiation, the station's movement and even how it stands up to the debris   flying around in orbit. The private Las Vegas company, founded by millionaire real estate mogul  Robert Bigelow, won a $17.8 million contract from NASA to provide the module to the space station. \"Today is the first step, but it's a big step,\" said Bigelow's George Zamka. Replace the space station or make it larger. It also hopes to build the habitats on the moon. Its B330 module would be even bigger, with 330 cubic meters of internal ( ) space. The modules could be connected. Creating research facilities, the company says, or even space hotels. In an interview ,NASA's William  Gerstenmaier, said he was eager to see how the module performs , and said he was especially  pleased \" to see how the private sector can step up and help us meet our requirements.\" The module will be flown to the space station by SpaceX, the first commercial company to resupply the space station. \n Answer: NASA's newest inflatable globe.",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4693f480d7a54186bb62fdcce77afe6b",
            "input": "Article: Trends come and go but style is eternal. So what is the latest fashion trend that defines this season? Let's take a look at the fashion trend in 2016 and be the first ones to embrace the latest trend. Head----It seems like everyone will be wearing a bucket hat this season. Bucket hat might sound a bit old-fashioned for some people, but the 90s trend is in season again! Spring and summer are always the seasons for casual clothes, so pairing the bucket hat with casual shorts or skirts would be your outfit to go in this spring and summer in 2016. Bottom--Summer is the season when everyone gets ready for the humid weather. The current season trend is making everyone have a more comfortable summer because wide-leg bottoms is in trend again. Perhaps not everyone likes wide-leg bottoms because this could possible make people look shorter, choosing a high-waist wide-leg bottom and matching it with crop top will definitely make you look taller and trendy in 2016. Dress---Be prepared for embracing the feminine details this season. Ruffles around the sleeve or ruffles all-over the dress will be everyone's favorite in SS 2016. All these little details will transform your look in season. Simple colors like pink and black are designer's favorites in this season too. Shoes---Many people thought wedges are also the shoes to go in spring and summer time, but in SS 2016, very flat flats are in trend again. Shoe designers are trying to have more combinations flats or low-heels with less of gender identity. Accessories----No outfit goes perfect without accessories. Adding statement accessories to your simple and natural outlook this summer is your day-to-night outfit. These jewels are doing to make you feel completed in day time and sparkled at night. \n Answer: Lawyers",
            "output": [
                "What kind of people will benefit a lot more from this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac84de0d6b7d4acd8e9b297967d6a236",
            "input": "Article: A group of Russian criminals have stolen l.2 billion username and password combinations for more than 500 millione-mail addresses. It's the largest known theft on the Internet, according to a report of The New York Times. Cyber security firm Hold Security discovered the security breach( ).  The firm found that the group of criminals collected personal information from 420,000 websites, including household names and small Internet sites. The criminals were based in a small city in south central Russia. They hacked websites inside Russia as well as big companies in the U.S. and other countries ,The New Times reports. The criminals found hundreds of thousands of weak websites and attacked their coding,Hold Security said. Alex Holden is chief information security officer of Hold Security. \"The hackers did not just target U.S. companies;they targeted any website they could get,\" Holden said. \"And most of these sites are still easy to attack\". According to Hold Security, the criminals have been using the stolen information to send junk mail through e-mail and on social networks like Twitter.  They can also use the 500 million stolen e-mail -addresses to plan other crimes.  They could use information from bank e-mails to steal your identity or sell the e-mail address to other criminals to make quick cash. The reported break-ins are the latest events to raise doubts about security at big and small companies. Last winter, hackers stole 40 million credit card numbers and 70 million addresses, phone numbers and other personal information from the retailer Target Corp. The brand is still working to regain its shoppers' trust. John Prisco is a CEO of a security firm. He says security hacks are more common than many people and companies realize. \" _ ,\" Prisco said in an e-mailed statement. So many cyber breaches today are not actually reported, because companies are losing information and they are not even aware of it. \" Security experts believe hackers will continue breaking into computer networks unless companies become more protective of personal information. \n Answer: They stole e-mail addresses of the Internet users.",
            "output": [
                "What did a group of Russian criminals do according to the report?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cdd6380e76624dcaa60ded30c2dfc2c4",
            "input": "Article: Malaysia's Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad has been retired. But he didn't go quietly. In his final speech, he blamed the Jewish people for the problems between Israel and the Palestinians. \"The Jews have taken land of the Muslims,\" he said. \"What if part of America was given to the Jews as Israel? Would the Americans let it happen? Of course not.\" His words angered many western governments, but Mahathir doesn't care. \"I like to speak my mind,\" the 77-year-old explained. \"Sometimes people don't like it. But that is what leadership is all about.\" Loved by some and disliked by others, his 22 years in power have seen great changes in Malaysia. He has taken it from being one of Asia's poorest countries to the world's 18th largest trading nation. It is also a peaceful country with native Malaysians living alongside minority groups. Chinese make up a quarter of the population, while a further 7.4 percent are of Indian origin. Teenage girls wearingMuslim1headscarves happily walk around large stores as ethnic Chinese playmah-jong2in nearby cafes. But Mahathir has made enemies at home and abroad and some people will be glad he has gone. The US was unhappy when he often blamed it for globalization. Meanwhile, critics say that he has limited the freedom of the Malaysian people in order to stay in control of the country. Despite this, he is a hero to leaders in Southeast Asia as well as those in theIslamic3world. \"He marked out the path to success for developing nations in the region to follow,\" said Thai President Thaksin Shinawatra. Now he just wants to enjoy his retirement and insists that he will not take on a special role in government. \"I'm a nobody,\" he said. But many Malaysians do not agree with this. Notes: 1    Muslim  adj.  2    mah-jong  n.  3    Islamic  adj.  Choose the best answers according to the above: \n Answer: As a leader of a country, you have the right to teach those in other countries what to do and how.",
            "output": [
                "What does Mahathir probably mean by saying \"But that is what leadership is all about.\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0483cfe471144f6585f3438f2ece93f1",
            "input": "Article: Wait for it...that sigh of relief you hearing is wives, girlfriends and partners across London celebrating the end of Movember. This year's annual moustache-growing campaign in London will surpass  2014 fundraising numbers. Last year, London men grew enough facial hair to raise S 200,000. As of Thursday, 2015 fundraising sat at $250.000, with additional money still expected to roll in.  \"Well, I think London is a pretty charitable community,\" said Lincoln McCardle, president of the London chapter. \"Whether it is a food drive or Movember, we always step up and either meet or surpass the goal.\" As a result of last year's success, London was awarded a wrap-up gala  , which took place Thursday night at Jim Bob Ray's on Richmond Street. \"Up until now, the galas have been happening in Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver and Calgary,\" said McCandle. \"We wanted to have a gala. I told the guys in head office in Toronto, to pick a number - not to tell me - but if we hit it, I want a gala in London. And we did. It is a chance to thank the people who registered, hand out a few awards and have some fun. \" This year, 60 percent of the money collected in Canada will still go to prostrate cancer research with the remaining 40 percent being directed towards men's mental health. For men looking for a professional to take off their month-long growth, there are a number of \"shave-off\" events around the city Friday. One will be at David E. White at the corner of Richmond Street and Queens Avenue. For a $20 donation, your prized moustache will be professionally removed. Organizers are hoping to set a Guinness World Record for the most number of shaves given in a day.             Started in Australia in 2003, the craze   found its way to Canadian men by 2007, and in the last couple of years, Canada has collected more, setting the pace in terms of fundraising. Money raised has traditionally gone toward prostate-cancer research, which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men, according to Health Canada. \n Answer: They are warm-hearted.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the people in London?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2ccd9d9ed74f4009a52af5ce9becbbed",
            "input": "Article: There are many idioms in English. An idiom is a phrase that we can't understand from the meaning of each word. The following are some of them. As the crow flies When a bird flies from place to place, it takes the most direct route. But when people drive, they have to follow roads and often go farther. When people give a distance \"as the crow flies\", they mean the shortest distance between the two points, not the distance you would have to travel by following roads. As Dan and his mum drove along the river, they could see the beach on the opposite side. Dan asked \"How far is it to the beach?\" \"It's only about a quarter of a mile as the crow flies\" his mother said. Blow hot and cold In one of Aesop's Fables, a man blows on his fingers to warm them up and then blows on his soup to cool it down. In both cases, the man is opening his mouth, but what comes out is different. If a person says one thing and later says the opposite, we say that the person is blowing hot and cold. \"Is Felicia going to try out for the soccer team this year?\" Stacy asked. \"I don't know,\" Tricia replied.\" Last week she was saying yes, but this week she's saying no. She's really blowing hot and cold.\" Break the ice Nowadays people use the phrase to refer to ending an awkward silence by beginning a conversation. It was the first day of summer camp. The four girls began to make their beds in silence. None of the girls knew each other, and no one knew what to say. Finally, one of them broke the ice by saying\" Hey, where's everybody from?\" Bury the hatchet In native American culture, when two nations agreed to end their war, they buried the hatchet. So to bury the hatchet is to make peace with someone else. Colin could not excuse his sister for breaking his tennis racket. Finally, his sister said, \"Colin, can't we bury the hatchet?\" \n Answer: In a straight line.",
            "output": [
                "What does \"as the crow flies\" mean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f4a3334522c24fceb841ebac46a45556",
            "input": "Article: Everyone has done experiments in high school laboratories,but have you ever thought about designing a satellite to explore space? On Nov.19,a team of students from Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology in the US awed peers and even scientists by successfully launching a satellite. The first satellite designed and built by high school students was sent up into space along with a record setting.28 other small ones on a rocket were sent from a NASA center in Virginia,CNN reported.It took the students seven years to build. The students call their tiny satellite TJ3Sat,which is named after their school.It is just 10x10x12 centimeters and weighs only 0.89 kilograms,according to Orbital Sciences,a company which developed the rocket and supported the students' project.It can be controlled with a smartphone. Like most satellites,TJ3Sat can send and receive data.The small spacecraft is equipped with a voice synthesizer  ,which can switch text to voice and transmit those sounds back to Earth over radio waves,said Orbital officials.In this case,anyone can give it a try via the project's website (school website) by submitting   a text.The texts that get approved will be sent to the satellite,changed to voice and then broadcast back to Earth via radio waves. \"I can say 'Go Colonials'on our ground station and when it is on the other side of the world,in India,someone can hear'Go Colonials'over the radio,\"the team explains on the website. The satellite will stay in space for at least three months. School principal Evan Glazer told The Washington Post that the project started in 2006 as an activity in the spare time.Later it became a research project for a select group of seniors. At a time when American students are busy with SATs,the launch of the satellite shows what diligent teenagers can achieve when allowed to pursue their own curiosities,Glazer said. \"It used to be that kids growing up wanted to be an astronaut,\" Andrew Petro,program executive   for small spacecraft technology at NASA,said in a statement.\"I think we might be seeing kids saying what they want to do is build a spacecraft.The idea here is that they really can do that.\" \n Answer: TJ3Sat is expected to stay in orbit for the next year,sending out messages together with information about its position in space.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about TJ3Sat is TRUE according to the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a6206bd826e2415cbf90f339796e27b8",
            "input": "Article: I sat with my friend in a well-known coffee shop in a neighboring town of Venice. As we enjoyed our coffee, a man called the waiter and placed his order, \"Two cups of coffee, one on the wall.\" We got interested and observed that he was served with one cup of coffee but he paid for two. As soon as he left, the waiter attached a piece of paper to the wall saying \"A Cup of Coffee.\" Similar occasions took place twice while we were there. It seemed that this gesture was quite normal at this place. However, it was something unique and confusing for us. After a few days, when we again enjoyed coffee there, a man entered. The way this man was dressed did not match the standard or the atmosphere of this coffee shop. Poverty was evident from his looks. As he seated himself, he looked at the wall and said, \"One cup of coffee from the wall.\" The waiter served coffee to this man with respect and dignity. The man had his coffee and left without paying. We were amazed to watch all this when the waiter took off a piece of paper from the wall and threw it in the dustbin. Now it was no surprise for us; the matter was very clear. The great respect for the needy shown by people in this town moved us to tears. Coffee is not a necessity. However, the point is that when we take pleasure in any blessing, maybe we also need to think about those people who also appreciate that specific blessing but cannot afford. Note the waiter, who gets the communication going between the affording and the needy with a smile on his face. Think about the man in need: he enters the coffee shop without having to lower his self-dignity; he has a free cup of coffee without asking or knowing about who has given this cup of coffee to him; he only looked at the wall, placed an order for himself, enjoyed his coffee and left. Besides, we need to remember the role played by the wall that reflects the generosity and care of people in this town. \n Answer: Customers' paying for coffee and having it put on the wall.",
            "output": [
                "What made the author interested as well as confused?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-473a3dcda7984366b99be757537033ad",
            "input": "Article: Suppose you want to bring home a new cat and are looking for a way to really make it feel at home. Actually, all you need to do is buy some nice cat furniture and have it in place by the time you bring it into your home. The first thing that you should prepare is a cat house. Two to three feet off the ground is the best height. If you don't have enough room for a cat house, a cat bed is also a nice choice. Once you have a nice spot where your cat can go to feel safe, then it's time to get cat furniture that offers your pet a nice place to play. One nice choice is cat trees. Scratching posts   are another great idea if you are short in space, but still want to give your cat a nice place where it can claw   at instead of your own furniture. If you're looking for a great way to shop for cat furniture, simply turn on your computer and do some online shopping. In no time will you be able to skim all the offerings from many online stores. What's great is that you can easily compare products and their prices, so you can get what you want at the best possible price. And, probably the nicest thing about online shopping is that your purchases may be shipped right to you, so you don't have to waste time making a trip to the store. So, if you have brought a new cat into your home, make sure that home is an inviting one by buying some new cat furniture. Without it, your cat might feel lost and unsafe, which you definitely do not want to happen. \n Answer: Buy a cat house and some cat furniture.",
            "output": [
                "What should you do first before you bring a cat home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bbcf8a5ff5e8453888bd5569b7e52457",
            "input": "Article: The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated  to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms. In fact, it is impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate  working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The purpose for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to explain and still more difficult to judge what forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation. The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language. Besides serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological  and airport communications, international conferences, and the spread of information over the radio and television networks of many nations. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West. \n Answer: English as a World Language",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-95b205e8c13b4f8d81b4ff40f498d822",
            "input": "Article: There was a man playing the piano in a bar. He was a good piano player and always performed in this bar. People came in just to hear him play. But one night, a customer told him that he didn't want to hear him just play the piano any more. He wanted him to sing a song. The man said, \"I don't sing.\" But the customer was persistent . He told the bar manager, \"I'm tired of listening to the piano. I want that man to sing!\" The manager shouted across the room, \"If you want to get paid, sing a song. Our customers are asking you to sing!\" So he did. He sang a song. A piano player who had never sung in public did so for the first time. And everyone was surprised by his song \"Mona Lisa\". He got lots of applause that night. He had such a talent for singing, but _ for the past years! If without such a chance, he may have lived the rest of his life as a no-name piano player in a no-name bar. However, now he has become one of the best-known singers in America. You, too, have skills and abilities. Maybe your \"talent\" is not as great as the singer above, but it may be better than you think! And with effort, most skills can be improved. So, in your life, you should be brave enough to try doing different things and find out what talents you really have! \n Answer: Because he wanted to show everyone that he had a talent for singing.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the man start to sing?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7c4253d2587c49c49349e8c50a49e3b3",
            "input": "Article: A group of graduates, highly established in their careers, got together to visit their old university professor. Conversation soon turned into complaints about stress in work and life. Offering his guests coffee, the professor went to the kitchen and returned with a large pot of coffee and an assortment of cups - porcelain,plastic, glass, crystal, some plain looking, some expensive, some exquisite -- telling them to help themselves to the coffee. When all the students had a cup of coffee in hand, the professor said: \"If you noticed, all the nice looking expensive cups were taken up, leaving behind the plain and cheap ones. While it is normal for you to want only the best foryourselves, that is the source of your problems and stress. Be assured that the cup itself adds no quality to the coffee. In most cases it is just more expensive and in some cases even hides what we drink. What all of you really wanted was coffee, not the cup, but you consciously went for the best cups. And then you began eyeing each other's cups. Now consider this: Life is the coffee; the jobs, money and position insociety are the cups. They are just tools to hold and contain Life, and the type of cup we have does not define, nor change the quality of Life we live. Sometimes, by concentrating only on the cup, we fail to enjoy the coffee God has provided us.\" God brews the coffee, not the cups. Enjoy your coffee! \"The happiest people don't have the best of everything. They just make the best of everything.\" Live simply. Love generously. Care deeply. Speak kindly. Leave the rest to God. \n Answer: How to free themselves from stress of work and life.",
            "output": [
                "What did a group of graduates talk about when they visited their old professor?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-777618ef644240779bae430c3e17a42c",
            "input": "Article: Easy Steam Mop  PS29.99 WASPS79.99 SavePS50 Buy 2 or more and get an extra 5% off Product Description Use the power of steam to clean and disinfect your home in minutes without using expensive and harmful detergents . Perfect for use throughout the home, this steam mop heats up almost instantly and takes just eight seconds to kill bacteria from any area it targets. It works by changing water into steam using a microfiber cloth to enhance the ability to absorb liquid, and features a clever triangular mop head and swivel joint to allow it to reach into comers and other spaces that many similar cleaning tools cannot. The 1,300W motor helps the mop reach temperatures of between 90-100degC, making it suitable for all heat-resistant floors including hardwood, tiles and stone. Comes apart for easy storage. 2 x microfiber cloths included. Additional pack if three spare mop heads are also available Easy Steam Mop White/Green: D6430 Easy Steam Mop White/Blue: D7149 Spare Pads~3 packs: D6431 Standard Delivery--Only PS 3. 95               Please note standard delivery on all items is only PS 3.95;delivery charge applies per order regardless of number of items purchased. Delivery to Northern Ireland, Isle of Man, Scottish Highlands and Islands is PS 6.95. Delivery to the Channel Islands and Scilly Isles is PS 14.95. Delivery to Eire is PS 9.95 and deliveries to BFWO postal addresses are PS 6.95. Satisfaction Guaranteed For your complete piece of mind, our Home and Garden products may be returned to us within 30 days of purchase for a refund of the purchase price. Items must be returned unused. \n Answer: PS36.94.",
            "output": [
                "How much should you pay for a mop delivered to Isle of Man?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-582b59c646b44bccbaf20d0a2c592afb",
            "input": "Article: There are many theories about how drama   came into being in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama developed gradually from ceremonies. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then kept and repeated until they hardened into fixed ceremonies. Eventually stories arose which explained the mysteries of the ceremonies. As time passed, some of them were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths  , provided materials for art and drama Those who believe that drama came out of ceremonies also argue that those ceremonies contained the seed of theater because music, dance, and masks were almost always used. In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the rules of ceremonies, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks, they often impersonated   other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and performed the desired effect by gestures -- success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival   of the Sun -- as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities. Another theory finds out the theater came from the human Interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, or other events) are gradually formed, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a speaker and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person A closely related theory about drama _ those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations   of animal movements and sounds. \n Answer: Religious activities developed gradually from ceremonies.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is Not true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d3292c744674076bb1b42b9f4ba067b",
            "input": "Article: The education of thousands of children with reading and sight trouble is being held back because of a lack of awareness of their legal rights, say campaigners. They are calling for greater efforts to increase awareness of the rights of such children to have text books in design other than standard   print. The campaign is being supported by five times Olympic gold medalist, Sir Steve Redgrave, who has reading trouble. Pupils have the right to receive text in another way, and parents can take action under the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) if they feel their children are being treated in a different way through a lack of support. But new research suggests 89 per cent of print disabled pupils and their parents are unaware of software which changes standard print into other substitutes like combined text and audio files   which can be read or listened to. Sir Steve has teamed up with software company Dolphin Computer Access to raise awareness of software turning tools. He said: \"I recognize that schools have competing priorities   for their resources  , but I would like to see a much greater effort on the part of the government and schools to raise awareness among parents that these additional solutions exist and that their children have a right to use them.\" Mike Foster, Dolphin's local MP in Worcester, is _ the campaign. \"There is clearly an issue to solve concerning software for special needs. I'll be asking ministers what steps can be taken to improve the situation\", he said. \n Answer: Campaign started for disabled children",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of this text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e0d5e747669f4b19b99936c82000e5a3",
            "input": "Article: I wandered into the small store where I usually buy milk, when the store owner received a call from a customer. The customer and his wife had shopped there several months earlier. He noticed that his wife really liked one thing in the store, so he wanted to buy it as a surprise. But the customer was in Tennessee, far away from the store which was in Maine. What was more, he had been to the store several months earlier, and it was difficult to believe that the store owner would remember him, or what he was looking for. The store owner took a few close-up photos with her camera, and e-mailed them to the customer on the computer. The customer looked at the photos, and decided which one he wanted. They talked and discussed a price over the phone. She took care of the credit card transaction   online, and promised the gift would be shipped out that afternoon. The store owner was really smart. She was willing to push herself to find new ways to make the transaction actually happen. And it did work. However, it was the first time she had ever done it. I was amazed that the store owner discovered a creative solution that could lead to a new way of doing business. I was impressed by what she did---so easily, but how difficult it is for many of us to make that leap . I'm not just talking about technology, but about learning how to adapt to change. Most people hate or fear change unless they get to know exactly what change needs to be made. However, we should realize that challenge and opportunity go hand in hand. \n Answer: The customer had ever been to the store before.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0ba92267a0644324bf191773ac1e0cb8",
            "input": "Article: A famous American John Muir said in 1898: \"The Grand Canyon... as unearthly   in the color and grandeur   of its architecture as if you had found it after death on some other star.\" Like Muir, those of us who stand along the rim are prompted to wonder about the unearthliness and the forces that created and are still changing this place. After more than 100 years of studies, many things are still mysterious. Today visitors come by the thousands -- the great and simple of the earth -- all in a spirit of wonder. Travelers come from every state of the Union, from every country in Europe and Asia. From the depths of the canyon comes welling silence. Seldom can you hear the roar of the river, for all sounds are swallowed in this gulf of space. \"It makes one want to murmur.\" A woman once whispered to her companion. This silence is not the silence of death; rather, it is a presence. It is like a great piece of music. But music made of man works up to a climax   and stops. Now, visitors to the South Rim alone may number 18,000 in a single day. Some of that number will travel by mule train down Bright Angel Trail to the canyon's floor, cross the raging river by a suspension bridge   and walk to the North Rim. Though the two rims face each other across only 12 miles, it is a journey of 214 miles by car from one to the other. Nor can you visit the North Rim except in summer; some 1,200 feet higher than the South Rim, it is snow covered much of the year except in July and August. But there is no day that you may not visit the South Rim and find the sun warm on your face and the air perfumed with the incense   of smoke from an Indian hearth  . No wonder an American writer and journalist said, \"I came here an atheist  , and departed a devout  believer.\" \n Answer: The unearthliness and the grandeur of its architecture.",
            "output": [
                "What is it that attracts so many travelers to the Canyon?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-99f7f9c1b96041a58365a43c1a9a256f",
            "input": "Article: It was on a cold night of December. The rain was pouring on the car roof as Albert and Andy drove through the empty country roads towards their friends' house, the Harrisons,where they were going to attend a party to celebrate the engagement of the Harrisons' daughter,Lisa. When they drove, they listened to the local radio giving a news announcement:The New York police have issued a warning after a man escaped from Shangdi Mental Hospital earlier this morning .The man ,John, is a murderer who killed six people. Andy felt frightened, \"A crazy killer is out somewhere.\" \"Don't worry about it ,\" said her husband. \"We're nearly there now. Anyway, we have more important things to worry about. This car is losing power for the engine.\" As he spoke, the car began to slow down. Finally the engine died completely. \"Now we'll have to walk in the rain.\" \"But that'll take us an hour at least,\" said Andy, \"And I have my high-heeled shoes and my nice clothes on, which will be ruined!\"  \"Well, you'll have to wait while I run to the nearest house and call the Harrisons. Someone can come out and pick us up,\"said George. \"But George! Have you forgotten what the radio said? There's an insane person out there!\" \"You'll have to hide in the back of the car. Lock all the doors and lie on the floor in the back. When I come back, I'll knock three times on the door. Then you can open it.\" Albert opened the door and disappeared into the darkness. Some time later she heard the sound of vehicles, running quickly down the road. The three vehicles were all police cars. One of them rushed towards the car as Andy opened the door. A policeman said, \"Get out of the car and walk. You're safe now. Just don't look back.\" something in the way he spoke filled Andy with cold horror. About ten yards from the police car, she stopped , turned and looked back at the empty vehicle. Albert was hanging from the tree, a rope tied to his neck. \n Answer: To the radio station for the programme",
            "output": [
                "Where would the Albert and Andy go before this incident happened?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51c66eadb2cd4f288ee4f7b7fedc4e28",
            "input": "Article: Sarah Williams went to a boarding school.  Here is one of the letters she wrote to her parents from the school. Wentworth Girls' School Beachside July 20th Dearest Mom and Dad, I'm afraid I have some very bad news for you. I have been very naughty and the school principal is very angry with me. She is going to write to you. You must come and take me away from here. She does not want me in the school any longer. The trouble started last night when I was smoking in bed.  This is against the rules, of course. We are not supposed to smoke at all. As I was smoking, I heard footsteps coming towards the room. I did not want a teacher to catch me smoking, so I threw the cigarette away. Unfortunately, the cigarette fell into the waste-paper basket, which caught fire. There was a curtain near the waste-paper basket which caught fire, too. Soon the whole room was burning. The principal phoned for the fire department. The school is a long way from the town and by the time the fire department arrived, the whole school was in flames. Many of the girls are in the hospital. The principal says that the fire was all my fault and you must pay for the damage. She will send you a bill for about a million dollars. I'm very sorry about this. Much love, Sarah P. S. None of the above is true, but I have failed my exams. I just want you to know how bad things could have been! \n Answer: To tell her parents she had to leave school.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Sarah write home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d17c3f504c53416dbf9fc168882f54cb",
            "input": "Article: Renata Di Pietro was studying to be an opera singer. But at 23, while on a music scholarship at the University of Iowa in 1976, her sight began to fail. Soon, it became increasingly difficult to read scores and pick up hand signals from conductors, and the gifted singer was forced to drop out. After moving to Cleveland, Georgia in 2005, Di Pietro relied on guide dogs to get around. Over the years, she became depressed when she'd lose one of the dogs, who had become her best friend, to old age or death. \"It's very painful, because you love each one,\" she says. In 2009, Di Pietro was _ by information from a friend that miniature horses typically live for at least 30 years and make calm and strong guides. She started with a male horse, but he was too hard to control. Angel came next, a mini white female horse Di Pietro has mostly trained herself. \"Horses have the ability to avoid the things in the way,\" she says. \"If I am about to run into something, she slides her body in front of me.\" Di Pietro, now 59, has taught her guide horse to make some sounds with her hoof  when she comes to stairs. \"Angel can find a chair and locate the nearest door for me,\" Di Pietro says. Currently, she's training Angel to pull her wheelchair and to fetch. Despite her disability, Di Pietro still sings, performing with her husband, musician Carl Hummer, at special events. Angel is always by her side. \"I fight a battle every day to take courage to engage the world,\" Di Pietro says. \"Angel is my warhorse. We fight that battle together.\" \n Answer: She found it difficult to see things clearly.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Di Pietro have to give up her studying in the university?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69e6650261d84d12b2752865085328ad",
            "input": "Article: (1) Secretary. Part time. 20 hours a week. Busy doctor's office. Experience preferred. Good typing. Call 555-2438. (2) BABY SITTER. 3 to 6 weekday afternoons. I will take you home. $5 an hour, call 555-5593. (3) Guitar lessons. Your home or mine. Experienced musician. Master's degree in music. Call Louise 555-6131. (4) TENTH STREET BLOCK PAKTY. Sunday. July 15. Noon to 8. Food, games, prizes, live band. Tenth Street between Main and North. (5) APARTMENT FOR RENT. 3 sunny rooms on high floor, great view. Separate kitchen. Wall-to-wall carpeting. The living room can be used as dining room. Email: SDGT@163.com.net (6) TAXI DRIVER WANTED. Full or part time. Experience necessary. A good knowledge of the city is required. Call 555-8860 between 9am and 5pm weekdays. (7) A stereo system for sale. It has two speakers. The system has an AM/FM radio. It also has a tape deck and turntable. It is in good condition. The stereo was owned for only one year. The price is $ 200 including the speakers. The owner will also take the highest price offered if the asking price is not met. Call Bill after 6pm at 555-9834. \n Answer: Three.",
            "output": [
                "How many of the seven ads are placed by people who want to hire someone for a certain job?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-122adbbbaa174c82939d3f79e46af82b",
            "input": "Article: The Winter Olympics proved no match for television's gold-medal winner, \"American Idol\". Fox's unbelievable successful contest crashed the Olympics in head-to-head competition on Tuesday night, 27 million viewers to 16.1 million, according to Nielsen Media Research. The Olympics recovered a bit after \"Idol\" went off the air, but its overall audience of 18.6 million was the least-watched winter Olympics telecast since Nagano's closing ceremonies in 1998, Nielsen said. Since its opening on Friday, the Turin games have been running well below the 2002 Salt Lake City games in viewership interest. Much of that was expected, but Tuesday's rating was the first alarming sign for NBC that increased TV competition has _ . \"The competition from 'Idol' is heavier than the Olympics has ever seen,\" said NBC Sports spokeswoman Alana Russo. It doesn't figure to get any easier, with \"Idol\" and ABC's \"Lost\" on the air Wednesday. CBS' \"Survivor\" and \"CSI: Crime Scene Investigation\" offer more competition on Thursday. Even figure skating, the most popular winter Olympics sport for viewers, didn't help much on Tuesday. NBC filled about two-thirds of the hour during which it competed with \"American Idol\" with tape of the men's figure-skating competition. Through five nights of Olympics coverage, NBC's average prime time rating is 12.7 ( a rating point represents 1,102, 000 households, or 1 percent of the nation's estimated 110.2 million TV homes). NBC said before the games started that it had promised its advertisers a rating of between 12 and 14. If it slips below that, NBC will have to make it up to advertisers with free commercial time. \" 'American Idol' is clearly a phenomenon,\" said Randy Falco, president of the NBC Universal Television Group. \"But we expected it and are tracking fight where we planned to be at this point.\" Between NBC and its networks, about 65 percent of the nation's television homes have tuned in at least some of the games. \n Answer: 16.1million",
            "output": [
                "How many viewers watched the Winter Olympics on Tuesday night?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6782a619050944babad5e5cfea136500",
            "input": "Article: Mom was right!If you say thank you,for even the smallest gift or slightest show of kindness,you'll feel happy. Gratitude ,says Robert A.Emmons,a professor of psychology at the University of California,is an important element of happiness.In his recent book,Thanks!,Emmons uses the first major study on gratitude to prove mom's point.In acknowledging and developing this muchignored expression of thankfulness,he explains how people have benefited--even improved their health. As one of the leading scholars of the positive psychology movement,he admits gratitude may be difficult to express.He advises you to begin by admitting that life is good and full of events and elements that make daily existence a wonder.Second,recognize that the source of life's goodness is more than just you.That source may be your mom,a friend,partner,child,colleague at work or play,or any combination of these. Gratitude is always otherdirected,notes Emmons.You can be pleased or angry with yourself and feel guilty about doing something wrong,but you can never be grateful to or for yourself. Expressing gratitude shouldn't be a reaction;it should be a state of mind.To feel grateful when life is a breeze and you have more than you need is easy.To feel grateful in time of crisis--anger,hatred and bitterness--is easier.Also,too many people are aware of life's blessings only after these are lost.The voices expressing gratitude from his studies of individuals are many. It's crisis and chaos--danger,disease,disability and death--that bring many individuals to realize just how dependent they are on others.Yet it's the way each of us begins life and ends it.It's too bad that so many people waste those decades in between labouring under the illusion  they are selfsufficient,says Emmons. To enable and embrace gratitude,Emmons encourages the readers of Thanks! to keep a gratitude diary.He even provides easytofollow directions on how to practise and develop gratitude. I'm not a reader or advocate of selfhelp books,but I am thankful for the reference I found in a newspaper article to the research Emmons was conducting on gratitude involving organ donors and recipients .The chance discovery led me to this book. Mom implied that kindness seems to find its way back to the giver because life really is all about giving,receiving and repaying.So I'll pay attention to her professional advice and say:Thank you,professor Emmons. \n Answer: Gratitude is important to happiness.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly discussed?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7d279834bf52427e9f15fbc62c58aa99",
            "input": "Article: Parties, iPods, concerts, movies, TV shows, video games, traffic. All of these things of the modern world make life entertaining and enjoyable. But our 21st-century lifestyle is also loud and, if we don't take notice, it can have an effect on our hearing. Most teenagers don't think about hearing loss. But if you experience any of the followingsymptoms , you may already be hearing damaged: you make efforts to hear normal talk, you have to turn up the TV or radio so high that others complain, you watch other people's expressions to understand what they are saying, you ask people to repeat themselves, you misunderstand what people are saying or you hear ringing in your ears. iPods and other MP3 players are as common as the clothes you wear, and just as fashionable. But if you turn up an iPod to more than 60 percent of itsmaximum volume , and listen to music for more than an hour, you are asking for trouble. And, it does not matter if the music you play is classical, rock or heavy metal. Some researchers find that young people who break the so-called 60-percent/60-minute rule in listening to iPods are at the risk of suffering hearing loss. Why is an iPod dangerous? With ear buds placed directly in the ear canal and high-volume music played over a long period of time, it's like working in a loud factory all day, being amaintenance person under a jet airplane or using ajackhammer on a building site. Similarly, iPod music can cause a short time orpermanent hearing damage. A loud iPod can cause aruptured eardrum and, over time, may cause permanent damage to the tiny hairs in the inner ear. If these tiny hairs are damaged, they cannot effectively send sounds to theauditory nerves that connect to the brain. If this happens, hearing loss becomes permanent. \n Answer: You have to read others' expressions to understand them.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following shows that you are suffering hearing loss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69e23766355046c1b40f2d5113adacf8",
            "input": "Article: In this age of media technology where the Internet is playing a more and more important role in our lives,how do you usually get information? For many students and office workers,their first Interact stop is the search engine Google:For any information they want,they's imply type in a keyword, click \"enter\",and within seconds relevant web pages appear out.     So are people still reading books? The answer is surely yes.It's  simply not realistic to use acomputer to read a novel But reading habits in China,and other countries,are changing.Mr Li,a businessman,says his purpose in reading is to get practical knowledge.\"I like stories of successful people and books that give advice on how people become successful.Besides,I read  books with basic knowledge,\"said Li.    \"I like funny books,especially Japanese funny books,\"said Xing Mingyan,a junior student,who reads purely for entertainment.    \"I like to read cook books,\"said Miss Zhang,an office worker,who usually reads magazines.   \"And I usually buy fashion magazines.\"     It seems that the purposes of reading have changed a lot.People don't  tend to read for entertainment as much.They usually read to learn.Books that teach people how to be more successful,wealthier or more beautiful stay on the best--seller charts for a long time.People are also interested in buying funny books and magazines.Just remember how the funny novels of Jimmy Liao took China and other countries by storm.     But educators say reading is important to teach people and also to develop their imaginations and language skills.No matter what you like to read,why not turn off the computer and television and read a good book,make yourself comfortable and open the door to another world? \n Answer: Educators say reading is useful in improving people's  language skills.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is Tree?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f3de0c1cf27d47d484604fbdd449752b",
            "input": "Article: As the summer time approaches, more and more commercials and advertisements can be seen on the mass media encouraging students to join English study tours abroad. The purpose of these tours is to provide students with an opportunity to learn English in a native speaking environment and use English in real situations. Parents always believe that their children will automatically speak good English after attending these study tours. However, for me, as an English major and former participant of many English study tours, I find these summer tours ineffective. Parents who send their children abroad for a summer to study English usually believe that the native speaking environment, including the courses, teachers, and host families, can help their children to learn English better. This might be true if the students really study hard and they really get an all-English environment. But the fact is that, most of the time, the tour part is more important than the study part. Although these tours take place in foreign countries, students are rarely exposed in an all-English environment. You will find that, in the morning classes, Taiwanese students would like to stick together and speak Chinese with each other, even though there are some students from other countries. In the afternoon, the students go on a sightseeing excursion  with their companions from Taiwan; they speak Chinese of course. In the evening, when students return to the host families, they would stay in their room and share the day with their roommate, another Taiwanese student. People who speak the same language with you is like a log in the ocean when living in a foreign country where you can not express yourself well, so that you would naturally stick with them. This is especially true with children. Another unrealistic expectation parents have for these tours is that the experience of living abroad can make their children more independent and mature. However, maturity does not come overnight. It takes time and practice. The most important of all is that they need a good  _ . None of these exist in the study tours. \n Answer: Neutral.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's attitude towards the English study tours abroad?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3dc1cb442ab94111871b8499a8449cf6",
            "input": "Article: People are more likely to wash their hands properly after using the toilet if they are shamed into it or think they are being watched, scientists said on Thursday. Hand-washing is the cheapest way of controlling disease but less than one third of men and two thirds of women wash their hands with soap after going to the toilet, a British study by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine showed. But when prompted by an electronic message flashing up on a board asking: \"Is the person next to you washing with soap?,\" around 12 percent more men and 11 percent more women used soap. Health authorities around the world are stepping up efforts to persuade people to be more hygienic and wash their hands properly to help slow the spread of H1N1 swine flu, which was declared a pandemic  by the World Health Organization in June. \"Hand-washing with soap has been ranked the most effective way for the worldwide control of disease,\" the study's authors wrote. \"It could save more than a million lives a year from diarrhoeal diseases, and prevent respiratory  infections -- the biggest causes of child mortality  in developing countries.\" In developed nations, hand-washing can help prevent the spread of viral infections like flu and sickness and diarrhea bugs like norovirus and rotavirus, as well as hospital-acquired infections like MRSA and C-difficile, the authors said. The researchers studied the behavior of a quarter of a million people using toilets at motorway service stations in Britain over 32 days.Use of soap was monitored by sensors. The study, published in the American Journal of Public Health to mark Global Hand-washing Day, showed that with no reminders, 32 percent of men and 64 percent of women used soap. \n Answer: when they think they are being watched.",
            "output": [
                "In which of the following situation can people wash their hands properly?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-204585b67cd64ab9a9ca50d0184e3ecb",
            "input": "Article: Do you want to live a happier, less stressful   life? Try laughing for no reason at all. That's how thousands of people start their day at Laughter Clubs around the world - and many doctors now think that having a good laugh might be one of the best ways to stay healthy. The first Laughter Club was started in Mumbai, India, in 1995 by Dr Madan Kataria. \"Young children laugh about 300 times a day. Adults laugh between 7 and 15 times a day,\" says Dr Kataria. \"Everyone's naturally good at laughing - it's the universal language. We want people to feel happy with their lives.\" There are now more than 500 Laughter Clubs in India and over 1,300 worldwide. Many doctors are also interested in the effects   of laughter on our health. According to a 5 - year study in the body. Laughter improves our health against illness by about 40%. So, what happens at a Laughter Club? I went along to my nearest club in South London to find out. I was quite nervous at the beginning of the class, to be honest - I wasn't interested in laughing with a group of strangers, and I was worried about looking stupid. Our laughter teacher told us to clap our hands and say \"ho ho ho, ha ha ha,\" while looking at each other. However, our bodies can't tell the difference between fake laughter and real laughter, so they still produce the same healthy effects. Surprisingly, it works! After ten minutes everybody in the room was laughing for real - and some people just couldn't stop! At the end of the class I was surprised by how relaxed and comfortable I felt. So if you're under stress, then start laughing. You might be very pleased with the results! \n Answer: India.",
            "output": [
                "In which country was the first Laughter Club started?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-070c350f9443455fbbb2370eba6eaab9",
            "input": "Article: The Beatles were the most influential band in pop history. In their 8-year, 12-album history, Paul McCartney, John Lennon, George Harrison and Ringo Starr altered popular culture dramatically. It wasn't just the suits and changing lengths of hair the four Liverpool boys wore that had such an impact, but what they seemed to stand for. The world saw them as the voice of a new generation, one with a very different attitude to life. Their influence was at its height in the 1 960s.but their music continues to stir listeners today.However, up until recently one aspect of the Beatles was struck in Yesterday:The music had never been remastered  .But on September 9 that situation came to an end,with the release of the entire band's music in a digital makeover.It is probably the biggest reissue in pop music history, said British newspaper the Financial Times. The albums were to be remastered at Abbey Road Studios in London, the location where the band produced much of their work.The cover of their 1ast album,Abbey Road of 1969.featured the four young men striding across a zebra crossing on Abbey Road itself.It is one of the most famous Of a11 Beatles images. Recently, to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the album, hundreds of Beatles lovers gathered there to show their appreciation. Pop groups come and go.The boy band pursued by screaming fans one year will be forgotten the next.But the Beatles are one Of the few groups whose music seems to have endured.Why? Paul McCartney's biographer Barry Miles has an explanation:\"They were the first rock band...and they just happened to be the best.They were the first band to play stadiums,to have their own products.They were ground--breaking in every way.\"he says. \n Answer: Because of their albums.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the Beatles change popular culture?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8d9eda32240341e7877eac399be6f563",
            "input": "Article: Buying books on the internet is a great way to save time and money. Online bookstores offer new books and used books that can save you lots of money. They are far better compared to traditional bookstores as they offer much broader kinds of books. Another advantage of shopping online is that you can also read the book reviews as well as readers' reviews to get an idea whether the book is worth buying. Online bookstores offer great discounts  to regular customers which is a big attraction for book lovers. For book lovers, the most important thing is to get books on time. Therefore, you need to find a reliable  online bookstore that will be able to provide fast deliveries . Here are some tips to use when choosing an online bookstore. Some online bookstores are popular for fiction books; some are for non-fiction books or novels, etc. Understanding their specialization will help you get the right kind of books in time. Check whether you will be buying the books from a third-party seller or directly from the website. Although the website could be reputable ,third-party sellers advertised on their site may not have a good reputation. Never jump at stores that offer super cheap prices, as books sold at such low prices could be in very bad condition. Most of the popular online bookstores offer useful tools. One tool is a wish list tool on its website. You can update  the list of books you wish to buy in the future. The bookstore will know what you want and will e-mail you immediately when the book of your choice is available. \n Answer: Because online bookstores offer readers more kinds of books to choose from.",
            "output": [
                "Why do you think online bookstores are much better than traditional ones?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-82f659f7d9d14d56851aa9499dc8b1ca",
            "input": "Article: Are you reading this while sitting in an office cubicle ? If so, please take a moment and glance around you. Are there photos of your last vacation hung on the wall? One of your kid's drawings? A yellowed print of a favorite cartoon? If so, you are doing something good for both yourself and your organization. Newly published research suggests working in an environment that offers little privacy can lead to emotional exhaustion and burnout . But personalizing one's workplace is an effective protection against such unwanted outcomes. \"Individuals may take comfort from the items with which they surround themselves at work, and these items may help employees to keep emotional energy high in the face of stresses that come from their work,\" writes a research team led by Gregory Laurence of the University of Michigan-Flint, Michigan, in north central U.S. In the Journal of Environmental Psychology, Laurence and his colleagues describe a study featuring 87 white-collar employees at a large, urban university in the Midwestern United States. Research assistants noted whether they worked in a private office (with a door that can be closed) or a cubicle. They also counted the number of items each worker had brought from home to decorate his or her workspace - a list that included photographs, posters, artworks. Not surprisingly, Laurence and his colleagues found a connection between the amount of privacy an employee enjoys and his or her rate of burnout. \"High privacy conditions tend to serve as strong protectors against unwelcome interferences and distractions ,\" they noted, \"contributing to a work environment supporting reduced emotional exhaustion.\" But this link disappeared when those employees had personalized their cubicles. Employees who had turned their workspaces into areas that reflect their interests and personalities reported the same (relatively low) level of emotional exhaustion, no matter whether they worked in an office or a cubicle. The research confirms \"the calming effect\" of having your own stuff around you. So if you're feeling exhausted at work, relief could be as simple as hanging a few of your kindergartener's colorful creations on your cubicle wall. \n Answer: Office workers.",
            "output": [
                "Who might be most interested in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b4d11d7d6bdd488a80369d772c0f471f",
            "input": "Article: Get a reward for every bug you bring to live in new science museum exhibit. In a city with trillions of American cockroaches , the Houston Museum of Natural Science has agreed to pay a quarter per bug-up to 1,000-as it seeks to populate a new insect exhibit alongside its Cockrell Butterfly Center. Nancy Greig, the museum's director insists the public payday for roaches isn't just a marketing ploy . \"Absolutely, this wasn't devised as a joke,\" Greig said. \"We needed more roaches for the exhibit, so I sent this message out to everyone in the museum asking people to bring them in. Well, someone decided to tell the press, and all hell has broken loose.\" \"But we really do need cockroaches.\" \"One might be forgiven for never considering how to catch a live cockroach. But it's simple enough to fool them,\" Greig said, \"and even easier to catch them.\" American cockroaches are the most common kind in Texas, measuring up to 2 inches long and invading homes. Despite their less-than-attractive reputation, cockroaches actually aren't that dirty. Greig even went so far as to call them \"fastidious\" saying they don't enjoy rooting  in waste. They're only dirty if, say, they used a sewer line to gain access into a home. The roaches collected by the museum will become part of a display in a new exhibit that showcases insects such as cockroaches, dung beetles and termites. There's more to like about roaches, too. They don't bite, and they don't carry diseases like a mosquito, so they're generally safe to handle. \n Answer: For a new exhibit.",
            "output": [
                "For what does the museum pay for cockroaches?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af4d3aa2311a440aafc57019affeb7fa",
            "input": "Article: An Australian man who has been donating  his extremely rare kind of blood  for 56 years has saved the lives of more than two million babies. James Harrison has an antibody  in his plasma  that stops babies dying from Rhesus disease, a form of severe anaemia . He has enabled countless mothers to give birth to healthy babies, including his own daughter, Tracey, who had a healthy son thanks to her father's blood. Mr. Harrison has been giving blood every few weeks since he was 18 years old and has now racked up a total of 984 donations. When he started donating, his blood was deemed so special that his life was insured  for one million Australian dollars. He was also nicknamed the \"man with the golden arm\" or the \"man in _ \". He said, \"I've never thought about stopping. Never!\" He made a pledge to be a donor aged 14 after undergoing major chest surgery in which he needed 13 liters of blood. \"I was in hospital for three months,\" he said. \"The blood I received saved my life so I made a pledge to give blood when I was 18.\" Just after he started donating he was found to have the rare  and life-saving antibody in his blood. At the time, thousands of babies in Australia were dying each year of Rhesus disease. Other newborns suffered permanent  brain damage because of the condition. _ . It stems from one having Rh-positive  blood and the other Rh-negative . His blood has since led to the development of a vaccine called Anti-D. After his blood type was discovered, Mr. Harrison volunteered to undergo a series of tests to help develop the Anti-D vaccine. \"They insured me for a million dollars so I knew my wife Barbara would be taken care of,\" he said. \"I wasn't scared. I was glad to help. I had to sign every form going and basically sign my life away.\" Mr. Harrison is Rh-negative and was given injections of Rh-positive blood. It was found his plasma could treat the condition and since then it has been given to hundreds of thousands of women. It has also been given to babies after they are born to stop them developing the disease. It is estimated he has helped save 2.2 million babies so far. Mr. Harrison is still donating every few weeks now. \n Answer: 74",
            "output": [
                "How old is James Harrison?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eb2c6abe386a470381e87f7d378290ac",
            "input": "Article: For most seventh graders,life doesn't get much harder than a history test.But for Grant Reed of Bellville,Ohio,it's his own current events that are so painful.\"Honestly,I don't want to die,\"Grant says.Last year,doctors at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus found a tumor in Grant's brain.They cut it out,but the surgery left him with stroke--like symptoms.Plus,he had to go through months of radiation and chemotherapy to try to stop the spread of the disease.     Yet,through it all,Grant has shown remarkable determination,which he owes, partly,to Ohio State football.His parents,Troy and Denise,were both in the OSU marching band and fell in love during halftime of the Michigan game.His cat is named   after the team Buckeye.His wardrobe is painted scarlet(the color1 of the team's sportswear).The point is,almost nothing mattered more to Grant than Ohio State  football-until he got sick,of course.     ''I didn't like the word cancer,\"Grant says.So he decided not to use the word.Instead,the kid named his cancer Michigan and insisted everyone in his life refer to it as such,because Ohio State always beats Michigan.That was something he could understand and make it into a competition.He was going to beat this disease.     It's now been more than a year since Grant issued that announcement.\"And if you look at his scans,\"Dr.Randal Olshefski at Nationwide Children's says,\"There's nothing there.There's a big space,but there's no tumor.''     \"Grant is beating Michigan.And although much of it has to go to science,don't discount the semantics .You have to do something to make it a disease you can fight.And for Grant,that was naming it Michigan.\"his parents say.     This weekend,Ohio State and Michigan will be battling like their lives depend on it.But in this house,the Reed family will be watching with a calm insight:it's just a game. \n Answer: Because his favorite team can always beat Michigan",
            "output": [
                "Why did Grant name his cancer Michigan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4e59cd9111f74087aee46fbf7058247e",
            "input": "Article: As We Speak by Peter Meyers, Shann Nix The world is full of brilliant people whose ideas are never heard. This book is designed to make sure that you're not one of them. Whether you are speaking to a large audience or in a one-on-one conversation, the way in which you communicate ideas, as much as the ideas themselves, can determine success or failure. In this invaluable guide, you'll learn to master principles that you can apply in a wide variety of situations. Triple Your Reading Speed by Wade E.Cutler This fourth edition of the book does just that--with tests that make it fun and simple to acquire the skills that will give you an advantage in school and on the job. The method helps you to break old habits that may be slowing you down, and develop strategies for increased comprehension in less time. The Memory Book by Harry Lorayne, Jerry Lucas Unlock the hidden power of your mind through Harry Lorayne and Jerry Lucas's simple memory system, and you can become more effective and more powerful. Discover how easy it is to remember things; learn foreign words with ease; read with speed and greater understanding; shine in the classroom and shorten study hours. How to Become a Straight-A student by Cal Newport Most college students believe that straight A's can be achieved only through cramming  and painful all-nighters at the library. But Cal Newport knows that real straight-A students don't study harder--they study smarter. A breakthrough approach to completing academic tasks very well, How to Become a Straight-A student reveals for the first time the proven study secrets of real straight-A students across the country and turns them into a simple, practical system that anyone can master. \n Answer: They help you to read much faster.",
            "output": [
                "What do Triple Your Reading Speed and The Memory Book have in common?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c5d50cd6a19743cd9c6e3eedc82959b5",
            "input": "Article: The Oscars ceremony at the 87th Academy Awards took place in Hollywood's 3,300-seat Dolby Theatre in California on Sunday evening(Feb.23, 2015). The night concluded with the biggest award of the evening, Best Picture. After already securing the Best Screenplay and Best Director Award for Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu, Birdman took flight as the winner of the night. Competing with 7 other contenders including another much-predicted winner \"Boyhood\", the top prize of the night was finally awarded to the film \"Birdman\". The director of \"Birdman\" was also awarded the Best Director Oscar by the Academy. In addition, the film took home two other awards for Best Original Screenplay and Cinematography. Starring Michael Keaton, the dark comedy \"Birdman\" tells the story of a faded Hollywood star, famous for his roles as the \"Birdman superhero\", who struggles to win the support and confidence to perform in a different character type in a Broadway show. The Academy's Best Leading Actor award went to Eddie Redmayne, for his performance in the film \"the Theory of Everything\". It was the actor's first nomination   and first win. Meanwhile, the Best Leading Actress award went to Julianne Moore who plays a college professor who learns that she is suffering from early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Patricia Arquette also won her first Oscar for her supporting actress role in the movie \"Boyhood\", while J.K. Simmons won the Best Supporting Actor in \"Whiplash\". Best foreign Language film went to \"Ida\", while \"Crisis Hotline\" won the award for Best Documentary Short Subject. \n Answer: Birdman.",
            "output": [
                "Which film's content is mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-50ac7966f4ac453893f5d1c341c61959",
            "input": "Article: Parenting has never been an easy job,but mothers and fathers today face challenges in raising their children that their own parents may never have had to deal with   While children have always been particular eaters,for example,parents today are trying to supply healthful food in a world full of chicken nuggets,processed snacks and soft drinks.Bike riding and hopscotch have given way to video games and text messaging.And working parents have to cope with all things around day care,jobs and family.   At the same time,a large amount of health information on the Internet and elsewhere has introduced a higher level of stress for parents.Web sites provide supplements that increase a child's brain health while news organizations report on the latest scare from baby bottles or too much television.   All of this makes raising a healthy child overwhelming.But it doesn't have to be.   This Well guide offers small steps and simple ways to improve a child's well-being in four areas --nutrition,development,playtime and safety Inside,there's advice from experts on how to raise a healthy,active youngster;tips on diet and behavior,help for problems like insomnia,and the latest thinking on day care,discipline and other topics.It's all designed to help kids stay well every day. \n Answer: How to improve a child's well-being",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7b238d0e7666484fab4042896c636b86",
            "input": "Article: Five-time world overall short-track speed skating champion Yang Yang(A)won China's first-ever Winter Olympic gold medal with a runaway victory in the 500m final on Saturday. Yang Yang, putting behind her a dismal fourth place finish in the 1,500 meters three days ago, got off to a sparking lead and never looked back to cross the line in 44.187 seconds. World-record holder and four-time European champion Evgenia Radanova followed home 0.065 seconds behind. Another Chinese, Wang Chunju, the world champion in the shortest distance came in third, two-hundredths of a second further behind. Yang, 25, whose name is tagged with the letter A to distinguish her from her younger teammate and namesake, Yang Yang(S), is the overall World Cup winner this season, with the top points in the 1,000m and 1,500m. In the 1,500m, the younger Yang, 24, who won two silver medals in Nagano four years ago, crashed out while chasing herd after two South Korean teenagers, KoGi-Hyun and Choi Eun-Kyungm who eventually finished first and second. Yang Yang(A) ended up fourth. Yang Yang(S) did not compete in the 500 meters. \n Answer: 44.252 seconds.",
            "output": [
                "How long did Evgenia Radanova take to finish the 500m final?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ea3442fce69a474cb5380bb8be37affe",
            "input": "Article: St paul's Cathedral Ludgate Hill, EC4 Underground: St Paul's;  Bus: 6,7,11,15,22,25 Open: Daily 8:00-19:00(17:00 from Oct. to Mar.) Entrance free Designed by the great architect, Sir Christopher Wren, St Paul's Cathedral was built following the Great Fire of London of 1666, which destroyed the gothic cathedral on the site at that time. It is crowned by a magnificent dome and its choir is internationally famous. Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer were married here in 1981. Buckingham Palace South end of the Mall(SW1) Underground: St. James's Park, Victoria, Hyde Park Comer, Green Park Bus:2,11,14,16,19,22,24,29,30,38,52,73,74,137 Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the monarch  for much of the year. (When the monarch is in residence, a flag flies over the palace.) The Mall is a very impressive wide street, leading from Buckingham Palace to Trafalgar Square. Note: As the palace is the monarch's official residence, it is not open to the public during most of the year. The Tower of London Tower Hill, EC3 Underground: Tower Hill; Bus: 42, 78 Open: Mon. - Sat.9:00--18:00. 8:00--19:00 Parts of the Tower of London are over nine centuries old, as building began under William the Conqueror in 1078. Famous as a prison in the distant past, the Tower has also been a royal residence, a zoo and an observatory  , among other things. It is now a museum and many thousands of people visit it every year in particular to see the Crown Jewels. Westminster Abbey Broad Sanctuary, SW1 Underground: Westminster, St James's Park; Bus: 3, 11, 12, 24, 29, 39, 53, 59, 76, 77, 88, 109, 155, 168, 170, 172, 184, 503 Open: Daily 8:00--19:00(Mar.-DEC., Tuesday till 20:00) Entrance free A Benedictine abbey  which already existed on the site was rebuilt by Edward the Confessor and consecrated  in 1065. On the way to its present form, the abbey was extended in the 13th-16th centuries, with the two west towers being added in the 18th. There are many famous tombs in the abbey, including that of the unknown Warrior and those of many poets and writers. \n Answer: A guidebook for visitors to London",
            "output": [
                "Where is the text most probably taken from?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d7de9d3472f43ecabab6b8597c19fb4",
            "input": "Article: Jean Driscoll can go faster in her wheelchair than the world's best marathoners can run! In April, Jean finished the Boston Marathon in 1 hour 34 minutes 22 seconds. That's about 33 minutes faster than the winning male runner! She competed on the track, too. She was second in the 800 meter wheelchair race at the 1992 Olympics. Jean doesn't like to be told she's brave. \"I'm in sports because I'm a competitive person!\" Jean was born with spina befida , a birth illness that damages the spine . She began to use a wheelchair to get around in high school. Then she tried wheelchair race and was amazed.\" Players crashed into each other and fell out of their chairs,\" she says, \"It was fun.\" Jean tried other wheelchair sports. At the University of Illinois, her wheelchair basketball team won two national titles. Now Jean _ and teaches. She tries to get people to set goals. \"When I sign my autograph , says Jean, \"I write, dream big and work hard.\" \n Answer: She was competitive.",
            "output": [
                "What made Jean take part in sports?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-10fdaa6cb7304ac2b8b3ab6953998d10",
            "input": "Article: During the early years of American settlement, a new form of English was beginning to develop in the islands of the West Indies and the southern part of the mainland, spoken by the black population. The beginning of the seventeenth century saw the happening of the slave trade. Ships from Europe travelled to the West African coast, where they exchanged cheap goods for black slaves. The slaves were shipped in terrible conditions to the Caribbean islands and the American coast, where they were in turn exchanged for such products as sugar and molasses . The ships then returned to England, completing an \"Atlantic triangle\"of journeys, and the process began again. Britain and the United States had outlawed the slave trade by 1865, but by that time, nearly 200 years of trading had taken place. By the middle of the nineteenth century, there were over four million black slaves in America. The policy of the slave-traders was to bring people of different language backgrounds together in the ships, to make it difficult for groups to plan rebellion. The result was the growth of several pidgin   forms of communication, and in particular a pidgin between the slaves and the sailors many of whom spoken English. Once arriving in the Caribbean, this pidgin English continued to act as a major means of communication between teh black population and the new landowners, and among the blacks themselves. Then, when children came to be born, the pidgin became their mother tongue, thus producing the first black Creole  speech in the region. This Creole English rapidly came to be used throughout the cotton plantations  , and in the coastal towns and islands. \n Answer: Europe",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following shows the route of slave trade correctly?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a02b0dab5cbd4ec18d54451eb6742471",
            "input": "Article: Some people learn a second language easily. Other people have trouble learning a new language. How can you help yourself learn a new language,such as English? There are several ways to make learning English a little easier and more interesting. The first step is to feel confident about learning English. If you believe that you can learn,you will learn. Be patient. You do not have to understand everything all at once. It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes. The second step is to practice your English. For example,write a journal every day. You will get used to writing in English,and you will feel comfortable expressing your ideas in English. After several weeks,you will see that your writing is improving. Besides,you must speak English every day. You can practice with your classmates outside class. You will all make mistakes,but gradually you will become comfortable communicating in English. The third step is to keep a record of your language learning. You can write this in your journal. After each class,think about what you did. Did you answer a question correctly? Did you understand something the teacher explained? Perhaps the lesson was difficult,but you tried to understand it. Write these achievements in your journal. You must be positive about learning English and believe that you can do it. It is important to practice every day and make a record of your achievements. You will enjoy learning English,and you will have more confidence in yourself. \n Answer: To practice English every day and make a record of your achievements.",
            "output": [
                "What is important to learn English?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bccb14b0f8d44a1493abc250019a286c",
            "input": "Article: Every night, N-Dia Layne would set the alarm clock on her mother's cellphone for 4:45a.m. If the two of them were not on the subway platform at 103rdStreet and Broadway by 6:20 a. m., there was no way N-Dia would be on time for school. Even so, N-Dia was often late. By the end of October, she was just one lateness away from the six allowed a student for the entire term. Ms. Layne and N-Dia, 9, live at the Regent Family Residence for the Homeless. They moved here last summer from their original family shelter in Brownsville, Brooklyin. On a recent schoolday, N-Dia waited on the subway station at East 103rdStreet. N-Dia and her mother boarded the No. 1 train, and then changed to the No. 3 at 96thStreet. After 96thStreet, N-Dia napped on her mother's shoulder when Ms. Layne was listening to music. N-Dia often does her homework on the ride home. A few stops before Sutter Avenue, where N-Dia's school is, Ms. Layne woke her up. Then she hurried her daughter to school before the first bell. \"It's unfair, and it makes me feel upset,\" N-Dia said.  \"I don't want her to grow up and have to go through what I went through,\" said Ms. Layne, who transferred  to different schools many times. \"It affected my grade greatly.\" In N-Dia's case, the efforts to keep her at her charter school, which received a C on its last city progress report, failed. It was agreed that N-Dia should attend school closer to the shelter. \" I cried during the meeting,\" Ms. Layne said. \"I really wanted to keep her in that school where she had some type of stability.\" \n Answer: There is no good school near their home",
            "output": [
                "Why doesn't Ms. Layne want N-Dia to attend a school near their home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d1a1bae5b1f49ee85f9e23a4397e3b4",
            "input": "Article: It was in the Victorian Era   that the novel became the leading form of literature in English. Most writers were more concerned to meet the tastes of the middle class. The best known works of the period included the works of Charles Dickens and the Bronte sisters and others. Charles Dickens came on the literary scene in the 1830s. Dickens wrote vividly about London life and the struggles of the poor. Most of his works were written in a very humorous style, which was popular with readers of all classes. The Bronte sisters were English writers of the 1840s and 1850s. They began to write from early childhood. In 1846 they published the first book at their own expense as poets; however, their book attracted little attention, selling only two copies. Then the sisters turned to writing novels, each producing a novel in the following year. An interest in rural  matters and the changing social and economic situation of the countryside may be seen in the novels of Thomas Hardy and a number of others. Literature for children developed as a single style. Some works became well-known, such as those of Lewis Carroll and Edward Lear. Adventure novels were written for adults but are now generally grouped in the list for children. Helen Beatrix Potter was an English author at the end of the Victorian Era, best known for her children's books, which featured (......) animal characters. In her thirties, Potter published the highly successful children's book The Tale of Peter Rabbit in 1902. \n Answer: He published the highly successful children's book",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about Charles Dickens from the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4195061e50804fdd8526f11beb812aa8",
            "input": "Article: Many people go to work each day to a job they hate.The harmful feelings influence their entire life,putting a negative cloud over the home, their friends and many of their other activities.There is a better way to live your 1ife.Meaningful purpose is a driving force that adds enthusiasm to your days.Here are a few steps to get the new career rolling: Do some self-analysis.Ask yourself--What really matters to me? What problem or wrong would I like to fix? What do I enjoy? Where are my interests and hobbies? What are my priorities? What is my secret passion? What do I want to do with the rest of my life? Reviewing these questions can give you new insight to where you want to go. Use your unique genius and talents.Every person is born with a unique set of natural abilities.Talents,such as managing,creating,researching,training others,drawing,can all seem like easy work because you have a natural ability for them.True happiness comes from combining your natural talents,developing and excelling in them,and working in a field,job,industry that you have a passionate interest in. Make a decision.Only action can change your life.Read a book.Take vocational tests.Use a good career--management professional.Do some career exploration and gather all the information you need.Then make a decision and go forward.Outline the action steps to reach your career goal.Finding meaning,passion and purpose every day you go to work is the wonderful reward, so don't wait any longer.Begin right now and set in motion to live a happier,more satisfying life. \n Answer: Suggestions on How to Build a More Meaningful Career",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-65989af7428c45af9ae7780fa493be07",
            "input": "Article: Have you ever noticed what happens to an idea once you express it? Just talking about it or writing it down causes you to make it clear in your own mind.How can you use this to increase your brain power? Start writing. By putting thoughts into words, you are telling yourself the logic   behind what you think, feel, or only partly understand.Often, explaining a thought is the process of understanding.In other words, you increase your brain power by exercising your \"explain power.\" Try this experiment.Explain how you'll increase your brain power, even if you have no idea how right now.Just start with anything, and create an explanation.For example, start with \"I'll learn chess,\" or \"I'll read an article on the mind every week.\" Explain how that will help.You'll be surprised how often this becomes a workable plan, and if you actually do this, you'll have a better understanding of your brain twenty minutes from now. Another benefit of writing is that it helps you remember.Many, if not most, highly productive people are always taking notes.You can try keeping it all in your head, but if you keep a journal of your ideas the next time you're working on a big project, you'll probably have more success. Want to understand a topic? Write a book about it.That's an extreme example, but if you are learning something new, write a letter to a friend about it, and you will understand it better.Want to invent something? Write an explanation of the problem, why you want to solve it, and why it is worth solving, and you're half-way there. Writers don't always write because they clearly understand something beforehand.Often, they write about something because they want to understand it.You can do the same.Writing will help bring you to an understanding.Give it a try. \n Answer: Increase Your Brain Power through Writing",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fd8dcfcf39b9415da5b265811573f751",
            "input": "Article: The rat is named Lola and she's at the top of her class of risk-running animals being trained to smell out landmines   in Colombia, home to the world's highest number of mine-related deaths and injuries last year. Of the victims, many are children who died in _ while walking to school or playing in the countryside. The smartest rat among the first six that the government is teaching to locate landmines equipment planted by rebels  has a 90 percent success rate in locating landmines material in her lab training. Police animal trainers, tired of seeing their landmines-smelling dogs blown up by stepping on mines, hope the white-furred, pink-eyed creature will lead her classmates through coming open field tests and then into the country mine fields before the end of the year. It takes about 400 grams of pressure to detonate   a mine while Lola only weighs about 220 grams. \"The dogs can easily set off the landmines, sometimes killing people nearby,\" they said. Police animal trainer Jose Pineda says that rats have more sensitive noses than dogs, which should allow them to better smell out mines in difficult terrain  . Plus, it takes the police about six months to train mine-smelling dogs. Training the rats is expected to take about half that time once the program is established. Trainers think that they are much smarter than the dogs. The second-best scorer in the laboratory is Lucrecia, with an 83 percent success rate. Males, such as one named   Runcho, have fallen behind until now but may do better in the coming field tests. Pineda said that the next step of training will present new challenges to the rats as they are sure to meet distractions   in the open. \n Answer: They cost people less time in terms of training",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT a reason why rats are chosen to find buried landmines?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-be6c5f4eb496435b85db5ded2826b4fd",
            "input": "Article: Some children show preferences for friends at an early age. At 9 or 10,children become a were of differences, they begin to form cliques(,).At l0 0r 12 years of age ,as they are separate from  parents, identification with peers may become enlarged and cliques may form and change frequently. At  middle and high school the issue of belonging becomes even more extraordinary and outstanding.     Cliques are small, particular groups of friends who share common characteristics and common interests(music, dress, sports, etc.).Each member is either directly or indirectly connected to other members. Cliques usually refer to groups of girls; however boys are also involved in cliques. There are  usually hierarchies of cliques among teens ,from the populars to the losers,and there are often many  cliques in schools.     Normal adolescent development often circles around cliques - joining cliques, wanting  to join cliques, or being out of cliques. Cliques can have a strong positive effect on self-worth. They provide social occasions and help kids develop a sense of belonging  support and protection Cliques improve self-respect by making kids feel wanted ,and they enable the cliques member to develop a sense of identity and to deal with social events around themselves.     While, cliques can be opposed to other kids and other cliques. In some cases cliques members can become harmful to outsiders by putting them down using teasing, backstabbing, and even violence. Although girls are socialized to suppress physical displays of violence ,it can take the form of intimidating  behavior. Cliques can pollute individuality and prevent members from mixing with members of other groups. They usually require some degree of agreement in appearance, attitude, or behavior. They can drive away members for no apparent reason, and they can pressure kids into group activities in order to fit in , creating interpersonal cliques and violence. \n Answer: .Chques help improve children's self-respect",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about the cliques is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-51be0f3799a24bdcb9f45294379043d9",
            "input": "Article: \"Dad! He took a book without paying!\" I yelled  . My father looked surprised. Before the boy could say anything, his mother grabbed his arm and shook it. \"Is it true? You stole? Tell me!\" Everyone was quiet. The boy began to cry, and he nodded   his head. He pulled out the comic book   from under his shirt. \"Oh, Mr Kim. I am sorry! My Ted made a big mistake!\" Mrs Diaz told my father. She tried to take the comic book, _ . \"It's OK. He can keep it,\" my father said with a smile. \"Oh, no,\" Mrs Diaz said. \"Let me pay right now...\" She dug in her purse. \"How much?\" \"Three seventy-five.\" Mrs Diaz's eyes widened, and she dug deeper. I saw her mouth make a small line. \"Three seventy-five?\" she asked. \"It's OK. You can pay later,\" my father said. \"No,\" Mrs Diaz said. She kept looking in her purse. \"I have money here.\" I felt bad for yelling, for I realized that Ted had tried to steal the comic book because he didn't have the money. Maybe the boy could have a job, I thought. I had an idea. \"What if he worked with me?\" I asked. They turned to me. I said, \"He can work with me to pay for the comic book.\" \"Good,\" my father said smiling at me. Mrs Diaz nodded. She turned to her son, \"You hear? You will work and buy the comic book!\" \" Yes, Mama,\" Ted said, hanging his head. As they left, Ted looked back, and though he still seemed sad, he stuck out   tongue at me. Ted has been working here for two weeks. He has paid for the comic book, but my father says he is such a good worker that he can work with me as long as he wants. We are friends now. \n Answer: At a library.",
            "output": [
                "Where did the story most probably take place?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-89db3add9b084cd5a5e5daa2a5a99fe9",
            "input": "Article: With smart phones taking the world by Storm, a phone that can only send and receive voice calls and text messages may seem like a relic from a bygone age. Yet in East Africa,simple phones like these are changing the face of the economy, thanks to the mobile money services that are spreading across the region.     Using the text-messaging function built into the GSM system used by most cell phone networks, these services allow people without a bank account or credit card to use their phone as an electronic wallet that can be used to store. send or receive cash.      It works like this: you pay cash to your local agent who then tops up your mobile money account using a secure form of text messaging. That money can be transferred to another person by sending a message to their cell phone account.      For some the system is a lifeline. \"If I didn't have my mobile phone. I would be very poor, \"says Neyasse Neemur, a mother of four children who lives in northern Kenya. \"Now I can sell fish.\"      Neemur took up fishing in July last year, but making money from it was a little tricky, especially as Turkana people do not usually eat fish. A truck from Ethiopia to Tanzania passes through her village once a week, and she arranged to have the driver transport the fish several hundred kilometres south to market in Kisumu, where her  s sell the fish.     \"I get the money transfer immediately.\" says Neemur. \"Then I can pay for my children to go to school and for vegetables and beans,\" she adds, \"so I don't need to eat fish.\"     According to the Central Bank of Kenya, payments worth around l billion Kenyan shillings($13 million)per day were transferred through Kenya's mobile money systems in 2009, equaling the country's credit card transactions . The bank expects mobile money transfers to overtake credit cards in 2011. \n Answer: They can do nothing except send and receive calls or messages.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the simple phones in East Africa?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4bf60ea5f36341a2a13626ab5cb17aad",
            "input": "Article: Tone of voice is very important in human conversation. A person might use words that communicate one message and a tone that shows something very different. This possibility for confusion is one reason that businessmen encourage discussing things in person, rather than through email, as tone cannot be determined in the written form. The same rule is true with children. Children as young as a few months respond to a change in voice. It has been recorded that babies prefer to hear a story read by their own mother rather than another woman whom they do not know. Have you ever talked to someone who had little or no changes in their voice no matter what you were discussing? Think of the teacher or professor you had in the past that spoke in a _ manner for the entirelecture. It is very boring and difficult to become interested in the topic. Parents should make an active effort to communicate with your child. If your child figures out how to open a box he or she has been struggling with and says \"YES!\" with pride in his or her voice, your response should be happy and excited (something encouraging, like \"You did it!\"). If you plainly said the same thing, you would not be matching the tone of your child. This applies to feelings that the child may express in everyday situations as well. If a child argues with a friend, your response should not be said in a high voice or with a smile. Seriously and sincerely you should say \"You look sad\" or \"That must have been hard for you\". The tone of your voice expresses understanding, acknowledgement, connection and several other healthy things to your child. Although your words are very important, equally important is the tone with which you say those words. \n Answer: To use a tone of voice that can match their children's feelings.",
            "output": [
                "When communicating with their children, what are parents advised to do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-91c926841ee64ded964d16fe27fa2f1a",
            "input": "Article: Years ago a farmer owned land along the Atlantic. He constantly advertised for hired hands. Most people were not willing to work on farms along the Atlantic because they worried about the terrible storms that destroy buildings and crops. The farmer received a steady stream of refusals at the interview for a farmhand Finally, a short, thin man approached the farmer. \"Are you a good farmhand?\" the farmer asked him. \"Well, I can sleep when the wind blows. \" answered the little man. Although puzzled by this answer ,the farmer, desperate for help, hired him. The little man worked well around the farm ,busy from dawn to dusk, and the farmer felt satisfied with the man's work. Then one night the wind howled loudly from offshore. Jumping out of bed,the farmer grabbed a lantern and rushed next door to the hired hand's sleeping quarters. He shook the little man and yelled, \" Get up! A storm is coming! Tie things down before they are blown away! \" The little man rolled over in bed and said firmly, \"No sir. I told you, I can sleep when the wind blows. \" Enraged  by the response, the farmer was tempted to fire  him on the spot ,Instead, he hurried outside to prepare for the storm. To his amazement,he discovered that all of the hay had been covered. The cows were in the bam,the chickens were in the coops,and the doors were barred The shutters were tightly secured. Everything was tied down, Nothing could be blown away. The farmer then understood what his hired hand meant, so he also returned to his bed to sleep while the wind was still blowing. \n Answer: Because he offered poor conditions for the hired hands.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the farmer constantly advertise for hired hands?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a46bdd89a1ba48e480c9e8c327a003cf",
            "input": "Article: Leadership is the art of getting someone to do something you want done because he wants to do it. People naturally want to follow a good leader. After meeting with an effective leader it is not unusual to feel uplifted , inspired, and motivated to work towards a common goal. An effective leader makes others feel good about themselves, as well as the work they are doing. The leader has a vision of what he or she wants to achieve, and can communicate that vision to others in a way that makes people want to be part of it. One thing a good leader typically does is to communicate the big picture, so that each employee can see how the particular role he or she plays makes a contribution to the final result. Good leaders are positive and optimistic when they speak about the future. Their enthusiasm wins them plenty of supporters who help make their vision a reality. Good leaders also understand that different people are motivated by different things. For employees motivated by a need for achievement, a leader explains how the task offers an opportunity to take on a challenge with an achievable goal. And employees are motivated by hearing how they will be part of a team of people working together. Good leaders will introduce employees by name first, rather than job titles. They refer to employees as team members, companions, or colleagues, never as \"servants\". Words have power, including the power to make people feel whether or not they are important to the success of an organization. Good leaders believe that every team member matters and set up environments that make everyone feel important. It is no wonder they can attract the support they need to help them achieve their goals. \n Answer: To tell us how to be a good leader at work.",
            "output": [
                "What's the author's purpose of writing this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-550fcd01d2724cbda6ae8f0ab29d012c",
            "input": "Article: While only about 200 astronauts have had the excitement of looking down at Earth and commanding systems on the International Space Station, actually thousands of everyday middleschool students have experienced by Middle School Students, or EarthKAM, a camera system. EarthKAM is an educational activity and outreach investigation that also results in remote Earth sensing and observation. Using the Internet, the students control a special digital camera fixed aboard the space station, enabling them to photograph the Earth's coastlines, mountain ranges and other geographic items of interest from the unique advantage point of space. While EarthKAM offers a powerful way for students to investigate Earth from the unique perspective of space, it is also inspiring the next generation of flight controllers for space programs--involving university students to control and operate the camera system and related activities from the ground. In the interview, Brion Au, one of the investigation developers at NASA's Johnson Space Centre, said,\"EarthKAM is a payload by students, for students. They are in charge. This system provides a viewpoint that the astronauts have...it's just aweinspiring!\"So far, students have captured more than 40,000 photos of the Earth from the space station as it orbited the Earth once every 90 minutes, traveling at 17,500 miles an hour. The team at EarthKAM posts these photographs online for the public and participating classrooms around the world to view. Au explains that this education investigation is inspiring students to explore the world by examining Earth, while promoting social studies, art, geography, science, technology, and math, among other important lessons involving research and teamwork. EarthKAM was started by Dr. Sally Ride, originally flying on the shuttles. The camera is located in the window Observational Research Facility, also known as the WORF, one of many the station's research facilities. \n Answer: Teaming up with astronauts.",
            "output": [
                "How have thousands of students experienced similar excitement as astronauts?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ddf3c8b480b94496b97232d1991c5cd7",
            "input": "Article: Are animal brains too simple for thoughts and choices? Stories about animal kindness have really changed my point of view. In fact, some stories are amazing, especially when animals are meeting with people. Here are two stories that interest me.   James, a wildlife writer, told a story that an African woman had placed her baby in the shade of a tree while she was working. An elephant group walked by and saw the baby. Several elephants pulled leafy branches from the tree covered the sleeping baby. Flies can be a problem in Africa and the branches protected the baby from the flies. The elephants were so gentle and quiet that they did not even wake up the baby. Then the elephants walked away.    An English magazine offers another story. Bill, a cat, stayed at home while its master was away on a trip, but the man was injured in a railway accident and died a few days later in a hospital. At the funeral, the Man's brother was surprised to see that Bill was there. The faithful cat had traveled a long way to the hospital, looked at the coffin , and then sadly returned home.    Humans are only one part of the earth. The beautiful flowers are our sisters; the deer, the horses and the great eagles, these are our brothers. The sky and mountains, the cows and men, all belong to the same family. These stories, I hope, will inspire more people to treat animals as our friends rather than pets or our next meal. \n Answer: Animals brains are too simple to make choices.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author used to believe?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-94d9bbc7c16b43eda2c41b6471cec9a5",
            "input": "Article: Air conditioning, watermelons, ice cream-we have all kinds of gadgets and food to get us through the summer. But what could be better during the hot months? The following are a few special and well-known water parks around the world. Take a good look, and know what the real water parks look like. Noah's Ark Location: Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin, US Noah's Ark offers many water slides. The most notable ride is the Black Anaconda. At more than 400 meters in length, it is the US' most thrilling water coaster and sends riders spiraling down at speeds of up to 48 kilometers per hour. Plus, with 18 indoor water parks, Wisconsin Dells offers plenty of splashes for water lovers. Tropical Islands Resort Location: Brandenburg, Germany This resort offers the largest indoor water park in the world-at 65,961 square meters. And its indoor pool can hold 6,000 visitors at a time. As Europe's largest tropical holiday world, Tropical   Islands is more than a water park. It's a fully functional resort, featuring a theme park, an artificial rainforest, a lagoon, a beach, steam baths, saunas and many shops and restaurants. There are also several water slides and other activities that people of all ages can enjoy. Las Cascada Water Park Location: Aguadilla, Puerto Rico Las Cascada is well known for its unbelievable beauty. It is surrounded by tropical mountain forests and situated close to the ocean. The water ride, E1 Rio Pasivo, carries riders through the whole water park. They can see the mountains and waterfalls around it. Chimelong Water Park Location: Guangzhou, China It is one of the largest water parks in Asia. With its advanced technology, it also has many new aquatic  facilities in the industry. One of the park's rides offers a tube conveyor that transports riders up a 19-meter-tall tower. The park has implemented a special water treatment system that ensures safe PH  levels and removes harmful germs. \n Answer: Chimelong Water Park.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following water parks sounds the cleanest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8dd38ce742b44e1c97aa45860b3f4c94",
            "input": "Article: Can you touch your belly button   by reaching behind your back and around your waist? A new social trend has started in China, with thousands of netizens facing the challenge and uploading photographs of themselves to show off their bodies. Popular among many young female users on Weibo, the top, which translate as \"reaching your belly button from behind to show your good figure,\" was mentioned more than130 million times among Weibo users. It not only _ over 104,000 active discussions, but also led to concern about what means a healthy body image. \"Look! It has taken me more than four hours but I've finally reached my belly button,\" said Weibo user GayleRabbit. Another user Lucky said, \"Why does my belly button suddenly look and feel completely new?\" While the trend was popular with many female users on Weibo, a photo uploaded by a male blogger caught people's eye. \"Is this pose   really that difficult? I don't think so,\" Said Weibo user Sough Sa. His photo showing he was trying to touch his belly button was shared more than 8,452 times. It also drew over 2,000 comments from other users on Weibo. \"Show the skinny girls how it's done,\" said one user. Weibo user MedicalCream Tang Zhao said, \"Now you did it! So you don't have to lose weight and please stay the same.\" \"I always support failures. Now I don't feel so bad about not being able to touch my belly button,\" said another user Jacket. \"Do we need to have flexible arms or a skinny waist to pull this off?\" asked Weibo user Chantilly623. But some experts argued that China's new belly button trend was actually distorting   society's standards of beauty. \"These poses and pictures can be fun but sometimes they also become an expression of competitiveness,\" said Jolene Tan, Programmes and Communications Senior Manager in Singapore championing women's rights. She also told the BBC that the trend seemed to be a way of examining women's bodies to see whether they are good enough. However, experienced body trainers say the new trend is about flexibility of the arm and the size of the waist, rather than a good figure. A skinny person with fewer muscles has a better chance of achieving the pose. \n Answer: Jacket felt sorry for not being able to touch his belly button.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the above passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-daf8d40d1e954b6bb9efc480814fff92",
            "input": "Article: Now and again I have had horrible dreams, but not enough of them to make me lose my delight in dreams. To begin with. I like the idea of dreaming, of going to bed and lying still and then, by some queer magic, wandering into another kind of existence. As a child, I could never understand why grown-ups took dreaming so calmly when they could make such a fuss about any holiday, this still puzzles me. I am puzzled by people who say they never dream and appear to have no interest in the subject. It is much more astonishing than it would be if they said they never went out for a walk. Most people do not seem to accept dreaming as part of their lives. They appear to see it as an irritating little habit, like sneezing or yawning I can never understand this. My dream life does not seem as important as my waking life because there is far less of it, but to me it is important. \n Answer: He likes it",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's attitude toward dreaming?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6967aa9cdc044968836f6fdb7fbdb20a",
            "input": "Article: The term \"multitasking\" originally referred to a computer's ability to carry out several tasks at one time. For many people, multitasking has become a way of life and even a key to success. In fact, some excellent mental aerobic exercises involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. Although checking e-mail while talking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second nature for some people, many times multitasking can make us less productive, rather than more. And studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased stress, anxiety and memory loss. In order to multitask, the brain uses an area known as the prefrontal cortex  . Brain scans of volunteers performing multiple tasks together show that as they shift from task to task, this front part of the brain actually takes a moment of rest between tasks. You may have experienced a prefrontal cortex \"moment of rest\" yourself if you've ever dialed a phone number and suddenly forgotten who you dialed when the line is answered. What probably occurred is that between the dialing and the answering, your mind shifted to anther thought or task, and then took that \"moment\" to come back. Research has also shown that for many volunteers, job efficiency declines while multitasking, as compared to when they perform only one task at a time. Multitasking is easiest when at least one of the tasks is habitual, or requires little thought. Most people don't find it difficult to eat and read the newspaper at the same time. However, when two or more attention-requiring tasks are attempted at one time, people sometimes make mistakes. We often don't remember things as well when we're trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget people's names--even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent-minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them. \n Answer: To make them more productive.",
            "output": [
                "Why are some mental aerobic exercises designed to engage people in multitasking?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-79d427b69a9c49a8a380260947325e94",
            "input": "Article: Welcome to Banff, Canada's first, most famous and arguably most fascinating national park. If you've come to ski or snowboard, we'll see you on the slopes. Skiing is a local favourite too. While you're here, try other recreational activities available in our mountains. Popular choices include a Banff Gondola ride up Sulphur Mountain, bathe in the natural mineral waters at the Upper Hot Spring, horse-drawn sleigh ride, drive-your-own-team dog sled excursion, and snowmobile tour to the highland(but not in the national park). We also recommend you make time to enjoy simple pleasures. After looking around Banff Ave shops, walk a couple of blocks west or south to the scenic Bow River. True ice skating on frozen Lake Louise where Ice Magic International Ice Sculpture Competition Works are displayed after Jan 25. You can rent skates in Banff or at the sport shop in the Fairmont Chateau Lake Louise hotel. Banff's backcountry paths access a wilderness world of silence and matchless beauty--cross country skis and snowshoes provide the means. Banff sport shops rent equipment and clothes, or join an organized tour. Although we've been many times, we still find the cliffs and icefalls of our frozen canyons worth visiting. Wildlife watching also creates satisfying memories. We have seen hundreds of the elk and bighorn sheep that attract visitors, yet they still arouse a sense of wonder. And the rare spotting of a cougar, wolf or woodland caribou takes our breath away. See if simple pleasure work for your Fight in the snow with your kids, walk beside a stream or climb to a high place and admire the view. --Banff Resort Guide Editors \n Answer: Watching wildlife is a memorable experience.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4b9ce179e6ef4f99b77201a0b8a66b1c",
            "input": "Article: Americans gave nearly $300 billion away last year. Do you know the reason? Beyond the noble goals of helping others, it is that giving will make them happier. It is a fact that givers are happier people than non-givers. According to the Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey, a survey of 30,000 American households, people who give money to charity are 43% more likely than non-givers to say they are \"very happy\" about their lives. Similarly, volunteers are 42% more likely to be very happy then non-volunteers. The happiness difference between givers and non-givers is not due to differences in their personal characteristics, such as income or religion. Imagine two people who are identical in terms of income and faith, as well as age, education, politics, sex, and family circumstances, but one donates money and volunteers, while the other does not. The giver will be, on average, over 40 percentage points more likely to be very happy than the non-givers. A number of studies have researched exactly why charity leads to happiness. The surprising conclusion is that giving affects our brain chemistry. For example, people who give often report feelings of euphoria, which psychologists have referred to as the \"Helper's High\". They believe that charitable activity produces a very mild version of the sensations people get from drugs like morphine and heroin. Of course, not only does giving increase our happiness, but also our happiness increases the possibility that we will give. Everyone prefers to give more when they are happy. Researchers have investigated this by conducting experiments in which people are asked about their happiness before and after they participate in a charitable activity, such as volunteering to help children or serving meals to the poor. The result is clear that giving has a strong, positive causal impact on our happiness, so does happiness on giving \n Answer: Donation.",
            "output": [
                "What causes the happiness difference?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb8832ed02aa429da353766ce87ae507",
            "input": "Article: As wild animal lovers are not content with watching tigers and gorillas  during the day, a growing number of zoos in the US are offering a more thrilling after-dark experience -- overnight stays. The Philadelphia Zoo is America's first zoo and home to more than 1,300 animals. It has been running its Roars and Snores Overnight Programs for about 20 years. The most popular theme program is the Night Flight Overnight Program where children aged 5 to 12 sleep in the zoo's tree house. The overnight stays are not only popular with young children. Most overnight stays include a night tour during which youngsters experience the mysterious sights and unusual sounds of the zoo. A midnight snack and breakfast are also served. \"It is a unique experience to be at the zoo without the crowds and additional noise,\" explained Patterson, of the Denver Zoo, which has been running its Bunk with the Beasts program since 1998. With nearly 4,000 animals and 700 species the zoo attracts more than 1.8 million visitors a year. \"The things you hear and see in the zoo are completely different,\" said Patterson. On Denver's two-hour tours, night vision scopes are provided so guests can see nocturnal   animals such as owls, and indoor educational games increase the learning experience. Patterson said parents tend to be more worried about leaving their children than the children themselves. They have rarely had to call up a parent in the middle of the night. \"They love it,\" Patterson said about the children. \"For many, it's their first overnight stay away from home. They are so excited that by the end of the day they are so tired that they have no opportunity to worry.\" \"Guests at the new overnight program at the Queens Zoo make breakfast treats for animals, and watch the keepers feed them to the animals,\" said Education Curator Tome Hurtubise. The growing popularity of overnight programs has caused zoos that only serve day-time visitors to think again. The Queens Zoo, which started their program this year, is so pleased with its success that they want to continue it next year. \n Answer: It is becoming so popular that American zoos are open to visitors at night.",
            "output": [
                "What can we conclude from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-90cf3176113e4218805bb5bb25967ea3",
            "input": "Article: Besides containing attractive flowers, trees and other plants that beautify the community, eco-friendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby. A rain garden  is not very different from a traditional garden. It is just a far more eco-friendly garden. Usually it is built lower than the ground. Rain gardens make smart use of rain and storm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply. Thus, a rain garden keeps the water, allowing it to be used as needed by plants in the rain garden, rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused. The water will soak slowly into the ground within a day or two. This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed. This is a simple, attractive, and eco-friendly \"green\" way to treat storm water. What's more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment. Without using expensive machinery and chemicals, rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%. Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the locals climate, soil, and water conditions. They may attract local wildlife such as native birds. Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week, unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week. Once the native plants establish the necessary root system, it will require little care. Often, local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems. However, you don't need to be a professional environmental engineer to create a rain garden. As long as you're eco-conscious homeowners, you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards. \n Answer: They increase pollution.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT RIGHT for the function  of rain gardens?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-31f92d3ddb6e4e6c9e1c6d8613437e8b",
            "input": "Article: For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages.Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago. Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for the conquest   of time and distance. _  .  The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. On board a plane, however, there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow window of the airplane. The soft lighting, in-flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know, and the hours progress slowly. Then there is the time spent being \"processed\" at a modern airport. People are conveyed like robots along walkways; baggage is weighed, tickets produced, examined and produced yet again before the passengers move to another waiting area. Journeys by rail and sea take longer, yes, but the hours devoted to being \"processed\" at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent. No wonder, then, that the modern high-speed trains are winning back passengers from the airlines. Man, however, is now a world traveler and cannot turn his back on the airplane. The working lives of too many people depend upon it; whole new industries have been built around its design and operation. The holiday maker, too, with limited time to spend, patiently endures the busy airports and limited space of the flight to gain those extra hours and even days, relaxing in the sun. speed controls people's lives; time saved, in work or play, is the important thing--or so we are told. Perhaps those first horsemen, riding free across the wild, open plains, were enjoying a better world than the one we know today. They could travel at will, and the clock was not their master. \n Answer: They could enjoy free and relaxing travel.",
            "output": [
                "What does the last sentence of the passage mean?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2c8ba985e3ef4cdea086b36bc4ad84b6",
            "input": "Article: The pickle jar , as I can remember, sat beside the dresser in my parents' bedroom. When ready for bed, Dad would toss any coins in his pockets into the jar. As they dropped, they landed with a merry jingle. Whenever the jar was full, Dad would roll up the coins. Every time he slid the box of rolled coins across the counter at the bank toward the cashier, he would smile proudly and say,\"All for my son's college.\" We would always celebrate each deposit by stopping for an ice cream cone. Dad would show me the coins in his change, saying \"When we get home, we'll start filling the jar again.\" He always let me drop the first coins into the empty jar. \"You might have to get to college on loose change,\" he said. \"But you'll get there.\" As years passed, I went to college, got married and took a job. Once, while visiting my parents, I noticed the jar was gone. It had served its purpose. My dad was a man of few words and never lectured me on the values of determination, perseverance or faith. The jar had taught me those far better than the most flowery of words could have done. Soon, my daughter Jessica was born. We spent Christmas that year with my parents. After dinner, Mom and Dad sat next to each other, taking turns holding their first grandchild. When Jessica began crying, my wife Susan took her from Dad's arms to put her in my parents' room. Susan came back, tears in her eyes and led me into the room. \"Look,\" she said softly. To my amazement, there, next to the dresser, stood the old pickle jar, as if never removed, the bottom already covered with coins. I walked over to it, dug down into my pocket, and pulled out several coins. Choked by emotion, I dropped them into the jar. Dad had slipped quietly into the room when I looked up. Our eyes locked, but neither of us spoke, because we knew nothing had to be said. \n Answer: The author and his wife were grateful for what parents had done.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6a2ee6a1f7d74fab8c90e127d6ee88ca",
            "input": "Article: London taxis, with their friendly drivers who actually know where they are going, are ranked best in the world, according to an annual taxi survey. The survey by travel websitehotels.comfound London taxis, despite being the most expensive, beat rivals across the globe to head the list for the third consecutive years, scoring a total of 59 percent in votes on several categories by travelers. London taxi drivers were voted both friendliest and most knowledgeable. Drivers in the English capital must pass a _ examination called The Knowledge to earn their taxi license. New York's yellow taxis came second in the list, scoring 27 percent which was up 10 percentage points from last year even though Manhattan's cab drivers tied  with Parisian taxi drivers as the rudest. Travelers said New York had the most convenient taxis. Taxi drivers in Rome were voted the worst drivers in the world with almost one in 10 travelers thinking the Italian capital had the world's worst taxi drivers when it came to the quality of driving. \"Traveling by taxi is one of the first experiences that many travelers have upon arrival in a new city. In fact, the research found that cabs are by far the most popular method of traveling from the airport to their hotel,\" a spokesman for hotels.comsaid in a statement. The global survey scored city based taxis for their levels of cleanliness, value, quality of driving, knowledge of the area, friendliness, safety and convenience. Rounding out the top five were Tokyo with a total score of 26 percent, Berlin with 17 percent, and Bangkok famed for its tuk-tuks scoring 14 percent. The survey for hotels.com, part of the Expedia group, was conducted among over 1,900 travelers between May 11-28 this year. \n Answer: They drive fastest.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about London's taxi drivers is wrong?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3c938a63a1ed491d89504870551aea28",
            "input": "Article: The first summer job is often a signal that you are on your way to adulthood, and it is also a method for earning money to pay for what you dream of. It is never too early to start considering the future. Now, here are some good choices for you! Retail  Sales Retail offers plenty of opportunity for teens who are looking for a job. This type of work can pay from $10 to $15 an hour depending on the duty you are expected to take on. It can also be great for teens who are friendly and enjoy talking to other people. For more information, call us at 111-222-3333. Food Service A job in the food service industry is a natural fit for sociable teens who enjoy communicating with public. It allows employees to work as part of a team while learning about following instructions. It also comes with the opportunity to earn between $8 and $10 per hour. Just call 111-222-3533 for more information. Babysitter This job requires someone who is highly responsible. Though it pays generally between $6 and $8 hourly, it also requires a lot of patience. This is a great choice for teens who wish to make a career in teaching, child care, social work or any other field that makes use of social skills or requires interaction with kids. Got a question? Just call 111-222-3336. Housekeeping This type of work can bring in about $5 an hour and it will allow teens to learn responsibility and develop their organizational skills. The summer sees _ in the tourism industry, so hotels are often looking for more housekeeping staff, and parks often need more people to assist with keeping public areas clean and organized as well. Telephone: 111-222-3330. \n Answer: $20",
            "output": [
                "How much can you earn at least in two hours as a retailer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-86fa9d3d0f954f7aab024cff9925d1ff",
            "input": "Article: \"Privacy\" is translated as \"yin si\" in Chinese. Traditionally,in the Chinese mind,\"yin si\" is associated with(...)what is closed or unfair. If someone is said to have \"yin si\",meddlers will be attracted to pry into his or her things. So people always say that they don't have \"yin si\". On the contrary, Americans often declare  intention to protect their privacy. Their understanding of privacy is that others have no right to pry into things which belong to themselves alone and have nothing to do with others. One who is too curious  and who spreads rumors is said to violate  the right to privacy. In the evening, Sonia and I went to a bar for dinner. In China, when people mention bars, something bad usually comes to mind. But here,the bar was a quiet and tastefully laidout place. People spoke quite softly, afraid of interrupting their neighbors, and sat face to face as they drank, sometimes three or five persons sitting together. This sort of atmosphere was totally different from my preconception , so I wanted to take a picture. Sonia stopped me, \"Don't you see these people are pouring out their hearts? Maybe they are colleagues, friends, secret lovers. They came here looking for a peaceful place free from interruption by others. They wouldn't want to leave any trace  of their having come here. So taking their pictures would be a serious violation of their right to privacy.\" Is there privacy between husband and wife? One of Sonia's friends married a talented Chinese man,but recently she became so angry that she wanted a divorce .The reason was that her husband had opened one of her letters and looked through her purse. The husband didn't realize that this is not tolerated  in the U.S.. He thought that being a couple was like being one person; why couldn't he see the letter or the contents of the purse? Truly, everyone, even those living as a couple, needs room--not only in threedimensional  space, but in the heart. \n Answer: The understanding of \"privacy\" is different in China and America.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b623208679524534b32471b89a1fffe0",
            "input": "Article: Folk medicine keeps the body healthy by using medicines taken from surrounding plants and herbs . Since materialsfor making a medicine to cure a sickness can be found everywhere, one can practise folk medicine in any place of the world. The use of folk medicine goes all the way back to the time of the earliest man when both man and animal used plants and herbs to keep healthy. It is usually seen that an animal eat snakeroot after being bitten by a poisonous snake. Because animals seem to have this natural ability for knowing which plants and herbs will cure what sickness, man probably learned how to care for himself by animal watching. Man also learned other things from animals. He observed that wild animals, when sick, kept quiet and rest, getting well with the help of the medicine in plants and pure air. He saw that an animal with a fever could often be found resting in a cool place, eating nothing, and often drinking water until the fever was gone. Some believe that folk medicine deals with a lot of old wives' tales which have something to do with the medical treatment of the body. Stories are told about the powers of a certain vegetable material, which when hung around the neck, brings the wearer good health during the cold winter months. Such a story is simply a fairy tale. It should be separated from the discussion of folk medicine. \n Answer: It keeps one healthy by using medicines taken from plants and herbs.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE about folk medicine?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9dde71c3e2354dbfb11914773011c2b1",
            "input": "Article: It seems that some people go out of their way to get into trouble. That's more or less what happened the night that Nashville Police Officer Floyd Hyde was on duty. \"I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40, blue lights and sirens   going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway. The driver somehow panicked at the sight of me. He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder. \" But Hyde couldn't go after him. Taking care of injured people is always more important than worrying about speeders, so the officer had to stay on his way to the accident. But he did try to keep the Firebird in sight as he drove, hoping another nearby unit would be able to step in and stop the speeding car. As it turned out, keeping the Firebird in sight was not that difficult. Every turn the Pontiac made was the very turn the officer needed to get to the accident scene. Hyde followed the Pontiac all the way to his destination. At that point he found another unit had already arrived at the accident scene. His help wasn't needed. Now he was free to try to stop the driver of the Firebird, who by this time had developed something new to panic about. \"Just about that time,\" Hyde says, \"I saw fire coming out from under that car, with blue smoke and oil going everywhere. He'd blown his engine. Now he had to stop. \" \"After I arrested him, I asked him why he was running. He told me he didn't have a driver's license.\" That accident cost the driver of the Firebird plenty -- a thousand dollars for the new engine -- not to mention the charges for driving without a license, attempting to run away, and dangerous driving. \n Answer: Because he thought the police officer wanted to stop him.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the driver of the Firebird suddenly speed down the highway?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a01f20bd4d334b7288dde5552eae4441",
            "input": "Article: While it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it can't be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress. Try physical activity When you are nervous, angry or upset, try releasing the pressure through exercise or physical activity. Running, walking, playing tennis, or working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try. Physical exercise will relieve your anxiety and worry and help you to relax. Your body and your mind will work together to ease the stress in your life. Share your stress It helps to talk to someone about your anxieties and worries. Perhaps a friend, family member, teacher or even your leader can help you a better view of what's troubling you. If you feel your problem is serious, you might seek professional help from a psychologist or a doctor. Knowing when to ask for help is an important step in avoiding serious problems later. Take care of yourself You should make every effort to eat well and get enough rest. If you easily get angry and cannot sleep well enough, or if you're not eating properly, it will be more likely that you will fall into stressful situations. If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you should consult a doctor. Make time for yourself. Make a list of the things you need to do Stress can result from disorganization and a feeling that \"there's so much to do, and not enough time\". _ . Instead, make a list of everything you have to do, then do one thing at a time, checking off each task as it is completed. Set out to do the most important tasks first. Go ahead and cry A good cry can be a healthy way to bring relief to your anxiety. It might even help you avoid a headache or other physical effect of anxiety and stress. \n Answer: To help solve the universal problem of stress.",
            "output": [
                "What is most probably the writer's purpose in writing the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-acd0689885e146c7b53e178c38037dac",
            "input": "Article: Ma Weidu is the founder and curator of Guanfu Museum, which is the first private  museum in China. With mainly Chinese artifacts on exhibition, the museum was founded on Jan. 18,l 997.It was not well-known by the public until 2008. On Jan. l,2008,Ma Weidu was invited to be the guest in the flagship CCTV program \"Lecture Room\". He talked about his museum and more importantly, he introduced Chinese artifacts and their underlying historical, cultural significance. In 2009,Ma Weidu initiated Beijing Guanfu Cultural Foundation. Creating a culture foundation had been Ma's dream for many years. Beijing Guanfu Cultural Foundation is committed to spreading Chinese traditional culture, funding the development of Guanfu Museum, heritage research and conservation projects, building a platform for public culture, promoting and guiding the public in the spirit of \"charity&culture sponsorship \". Guanfu Museum is currently located at No.18 Jinnan Road, Zhangwanfen, Dashanzi, Chaoyang district, Beijing. But due to the city planning, it has to move. Guanfu Museum, which has experienced relocation for three times, is now looking for a new place. According to Mr. Ma, it should be around 20,000-30,000 square meters. \n Answer: Guanfu Museum, the first private museum in China was founded fifteen years ago.",
            "output": [
                "According to this passage, which of the followings is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc88d3e38e0b4d86ac5e0a27002a33fc",
            "input": "Article: GCSEs not fit for purpose GCSEs(General Certificate of Secondary Education,)encourage \"teaching to the test\" and may be past their sell-by date, according to Britain's leading business organization. The Confederation of British Industry(CBI) warns that the qualification is stopping teachers delivering an \"inspirational classroom experience\" and should be replaced. John Cridland, the CBI director general, said industry faced a shortage of key skills, particularly in science and maths. The CBI , which represents more than 240,000 companies, is also concerned about the 40% of young people who fail to achieve the _ of five good GCSE passes including English and maths. The percentage of pupils who reach this standard is the main measure of school success. Speaking at the launch of a CBI inquiry into education, Cridland argued that abandoning GCSEs could help deliver a full education. \"There's something about this GCSE limitation which produces a form of learning ------ teaching for the test.'' \"It frustrates teachers because it stops them delivering that inspirational classroom experience.\" The CBI head suggested that raising the school leaving age to 18 - a change that comes into effect in 2015 - is an opportunity to reform the system. \"It seems to me that we've raised the participation age to 18 and we're left with an education system that focuses on 16,\" said Cridland. More than 600,000 children in England, Wales and Northern Ireland are due to take GCSEs this summer. Many other countries do without a public exam at 16. Finland, the highest performing school system in Europe, has just one public exam, at 18, though children are regularly tested at younger ages. \n Answer: The Confederation of British Industry should be replaced.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author intend to tell us in paragragh1?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b545d62f29444365b6e715b4e004e112",
            "input": "Article: Last week I took a journey deep into space, to the end of the solar system, and was pulled into a black hole. Then I took a trip to Brazil and experienced surviving an airplane crash in the jungle. After that, I joined some divers and went to the bottom of the ocean to see strange blind creatures that have never seen sunlight. For a break, I took part in some car racing and then skied down some of the most difficult mountains in the world. I ended my travels by meeting face to face with a dinosaur, the terrible T-Rex, and survived the experience! I did all this in one great day at Futuroscope. Opened in 1987, Futuroscope is one of the largest space age parks in the world. This science and technology-based theme park in France uses the most advanced technology. Its 3-D cinemas and giant movie screens provide brand new experiences of the earth and beyond. Visitors can get close to parts of the world they have never experienced, going to the bottom of the ocean, flying through the jungle or visiting the edges of the solar system. The amazing, up-to-date information together with many opportunities for hands-on learning makes the world come to life in a completely new way for visitors. Learning centers throughout the park let visitors try their own scientific experiments, as well as learn more about space travel, the undersea world and much more. I bought tickets for myself and my friends at the park's entrance, but tickets are also available online. Futuroscope is not only for indiviudals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings. Classes or other large groups that let Futuroscope know their plans in advance can get the group admission rate. For anyone coming from out of town, Futuroscope has many excellent hotels, most of which provide a shuttle service to the park. If driving, Futuroscope is within easy reach of the freeway. Plan your trip well before starting, since Futuroscope has so many shows, activities and great souvenir shops that it is difficult to see them all. Come ready to walk a lot--be sure to wear some comfortable sneakers or other walking shoes! \n Answer: A theme park that uses the most advanced technology to take people out of the earth and the present time.",
            "output": [
                "What is Futuroscope?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2c26cd1e19af44619427295afc309196",
            "input": "Article: \"Iris scan  , please,\" the bank's computer voice tells you . You step up and the computer reads your eye , comparing it to the stored file it has of your iris. The images had better match--otherwise you won't be able to get your money. Iris scanning and other technologies , such as fingerprint and voice scanning , have appeared in many science fiction movies in the past. Today , these advanced technologies are part of the real world. They are common at work, the bank, the airport, and your local prison. The iris scan, fingerprint scan, and voice scan are all examples of biometrics  a fast developing area of automatic personal identification technology . Basically , biometrics uses various ways to verify a persons identity , based on the individual's unique characteristics ,including fingerprints , voices, irises, body heat patterns, facial images, handprints , signatures and so on. Biometrics identification systems have a number of advantages over password systems. The primary advantage is that an individual has to be physically present in order to be identified. Another important advantage is that there are no passwords to remember , forget, lose or steal. The voice scan is the simplest and most affordable form of biometrics . It only requires a computer, a microphone and the correct software. The software records a subject's voice and then compares it to a stored voice sample for identification purposes. For additional safety, fingerprint and handprint scans can also be employed . Fingerprint scans take the image of a fingerprint and compare it to a stored file of prints. Handprint scans identify the unique features of a hand. Iris scans currently give the highest level of accuracy among all the available biometrics systems. Another technology , full facial scans , is currently in use at border crossings and airports. Facial scanning equipment can actually track and identify moving faces within a crowd. The potential of biometrics is exciting and encouraging . With continued development , testing , and application , current technologies will become even more effective in the future. Soon , the days of password and car keys will be gone . Just don't leave home without your fingerprints! \n Answer: The facial scan",
            "output": [
                "Which is the most accurate form of biometrics?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0d7baed0347b448ba6d358ef5087c252",
            "input": "Article: Elephants might be the most well-known and well-loved animal in African wildlife. But conservation   of the African elephant faces special difficulties. While the elephant population is half of what it was 40 years ago, some areas of Africa have more elephants than populated areas can support. That's why AWF scientists are studying elephant behavior, protecting habitats and finding ways for humans to live peacefully with elephants in Africa. Years ago, over hunting and the ivory trade were the biggest threats to elephants survival. Luckily, ivory bans  , hunting rules and protected areas protect elephants from these dangers today. The 21st century brings a different challenge to elephant conservation --land-use. Elephants walk across borders and outside parks and other protected areas. So they often destroy crops, causing conflicts   between local farmers and these big animals. Successful conservation strategies   must allow elephants to walk freely in their natural habitats while reducing conflicts between elephants and local people. AWF researchers are searching for a way to give both elephants and people the space they need. The AWF is collecting information on elephant habitats and behavior. The information they gather will help to develop the widest possible space for elephants. The AWF is helping elephants by protecting their habitats. And they also work with local farmers to improve their life in order to encourage them to protect rather than destroy elephants. \n Answer: They can't live in peace with farmers.",
            "output": [
                "What is the biggest difficulty in protecting African elephants now?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a2e01e07d34c4561b3c986169312644a",
            "input": "Article: According to the Small Business Association, more than 50 percent of all small businesses fail within the first five years. This is not the case for Apiary Fund CEO, Shawn Lucas. Shawn has grown a very successful business focusing on teaching people how to trade foreign currencies. The Apiary Fund not only gives their traders some of the best Forex   education possible but also gives their traders money to trade with. The Apiary Fund had a slow start but has now become a company that recently hit $1 billion in trader volume  . The Apiary Fund's success has come from the great business concept, and work ethic  . * Business Concept The Apiary Fund has a very special but effective business concept, which Shawn Lucas discovered many years ago. You are probably wondering, where did this business concept come from? Shawn, while working as a Financial Advisor, received a phone call one day from a man he hadn't ever spoken to before. The man asked Shawn to go with him to China to do an analysis of a Chinese company's trading systems. The company at the time was under investigation for a possible violation   of intellectual property rights. He agreed to go and before he knew it he was on a plane to China. During the analysis of this Chinese company Shawn noticed the company had a very effective business method. He noticed that the risk manager had created a system that protected the company from rarely posting a losing day. The risk manager made this all possible by putting restrictions on the amount a trader could lose. If one of the traders lost even a small amount the risk manager would then be notified  . Shawn left China with a business concept that would later consume much of his life. After returning home, Shawn was devoted to creating a similar risk management system as the Chinese company had created. That risk management system turned into a successful business called the Apiary Fund. * Work Ethic The business concept alone didn't magically make the Apiary Fund into a booming business. The Apiary Fund became successful from hard work and devotion. This hard work and devotion has recently brought the Apiary Fund to hit a trading volume high of $1 billion. Shawn Lucas believes that by the end of this year the Apiary Fund can expect to see double or triple that volume. The company has experienced immense growth by making a few changes to their program structure, which has since increased growth by about five times within the last year. Successful businesses are hard to start, but with a good business concept and great work ethic anything is possible. Shawn and the Apiary Fund are a great example of both. \n Answer: Teach people how to trade foreign currencies.",
            "output": [
                "What does Shawn's business do?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-41aa958b0e7c4548a272dd5065507178",
            "input": "Article: Suppose that we lined up our roughly 14 million United States businesses in order of size, starting with the smallest, along an imaginary road from San Francisco to New York. There will be 4,500 businesses to the mile, or a little less than one per foot. Suppose further that we planted a flag each business. The height of the flag pole represents the yearly volume of sales   , each $ 10, 000 in sales in shown by one foot of pole. The line of flagpoles is a very interesting sight. From San Francisco to about Reno, it is almost unnoticeable, a row of poles about a foot high. From Reno eastward the poles increase in height until, near Columbus, Ohio - about four - fifths of the way across the nation - flags fly about 10 feet in the air. But as we approach the eastern terminus   , the poles suddenly begin to mount   . There are about 300, 000 firms in the country with sales over $ 500, 000. These firms take up the last 75 miles of the 3,000 - mile road. There are 200, 000 firms with sales over $ 1 million. They take up the last 50 miles. Then there are 1, 000 firms with sales of $ 50, 000, 000 or more. They take up the last quarter of a mile before the city limits, flags flying at cloud height, 5 , 000 feet up . At the very gate of New York, on the last 100 feet of the last mile , we find the 100 largest industrial firms . They have sales of at least $ 1.5 billion, so that their flags are already miles high. Along the last 10 feet of road , there are 10 largest companies . Their sales are roughly $ 10 billion and up : their flags fly 190 miles in the air , almost in the stratosphere   . \n Answer: To tell us how the United States businesses are arranged.",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's main purpose in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4107bcfb63b04dd08e79d92509c49d2f",
            "input": "Article: How do you feel about watching other people work?          Nothing is more refreshing on a warm summer day than watching someone else work. Right now,I'm sitting on my porch and watching young Beth baling  the big field on top of the hill.She's been haying that field for over ten years.I know:I put her on the tractor when she was just twelve years old. She picked a great day for baling.It's not too hot,and there's a nice breeze.On Monday,when she cut the field,it was so hot I thought the corn would start popping in the field.Didn't stop her,though.She just stuck that big hat on her head,wrapped a wet handkerchief around her neck,and set to work.I remember when I would have done the same thing. While I'm here sucking a lemonade,Beth is driving the \"hay  train\",a tractor pulling a baler and an old wagon.You'd think someone her size would never be able to see over the tractor.But somehow she manages.When she's finished,her tracks are very straight. The whole time she's haying,that dog of hers is working just as hard,running along beside her like he's afraid she'll drive away without him.Beth sure knew what she was doing when she trained him. The way the machine works is pure poetry.Each row is pushed into shape.When just enough hay is in a bale,it is wrapped up and fastened together.A second or so later,the bale comes flying out and into the old wagon.The person who invented that machine sure was some kind of genius. That's not to say it works perfectly.Every once in a while a bale misses the mark,especially when you are turning the machine at the end of a row.That means,of course,that you have to go back and pick up those bales and throw them into the wagon. I can remember when Beth's mother was her age.She looked an awful lot like Beth does now.Makes a man proud to see his daughter and granddaughter taking such good care of themselves.  Well,I suppose I should get up and fill this glass again.Not much fun sitting here with an empty glass. \n Answer: Beth's grandfather.",
            "output": [
                "Who do you think is telling this story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a58e9f0eb9094a539913107ce1bc103c",
            "input": "Article: Driving a car is not just handing controls and judging speed and distance. It requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected. When alcohol is consumed, it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant , damaging eyesight, judgement and co-ordination , slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents. Even below the drink driving limit, driving will be affected. Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain. Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed _ up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee. The present Road Traffic Ordinance states clearly that the limit of alcohol concentration is: *50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of blood; or *22 micrograms of alcohol per 100ml of breath; or *67 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of urine . Drivers who cause traffic accidents, or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested. Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged. The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK$25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 driving-offence points; or temporarily banned from driving. The same punishment applies to failing to provide specimens  for breath, blood or urine tests without good excuse. Drink driving is a criminal offence. Be a responsible driver, think before you drink. For the safety of yourself and other road users, never drive after consuming alcohol. \n Answer: Alcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk with fruit juice.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-db748ebf427441e897f1c16dfcea3fb1",
            "input": "Article: Not being able to fall asleep or stay asleep is not a disorder in itself but a sign of some other problems, often a physical one. If you have trouble sleeping, the American Sleep Disorders Association suggests that, for a week or two, you put down the time you go to bed, get up, exercise, and drink coffee, tea or wine.  The purpose is to find the habits that may affect your sleep. Then: a.      Don't drink coffee in the six hours before going to bed. b.      Stop smoking and drinking at bedtime. c.      Don't sleep during the day. d.      Go to bed at the same time every night.  Set your alarm clock for the same time every morning and get up at that time, whether or not you sleep well. e.      Use the bedroom only for sleep.  Read, watch TV, eat and talk elsewhere. f.       Take sleeping pills according to your doctor's directions and don't take them for longer than three weeks at a time. g.      If you haven't fallen asleep within 15 minutes of going to bed, don't turn over worrying about it.  Get up and read or watch TV until you are sleepy, then return to bed. If you continue to have trouble sleeping, ask your doctor for help or go to a sleep-disorders center. \n Answer: Forming good living habits.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following would be the best way to help you sleep well?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d9ed2a1972924884947b45d2600a580e",
            "input": "Article: The British usually expect one or two snowfalls each year but the amount of snow rarely affects everyday life. However, this week Britain has had the worst snow it has seen in around 18 years. Some places had more than 30cm in a day.  The bad weather caused severe disruption. More than 3000 schools had to close as teachers and pupils were unable to get to school. School children weren't too unhappy about it though as they headed out to play the snow, building snowmen, having snowball fights, sledging and some even snowboarding and skiing.  In London, bus services were withdrawn for a day and tubes and trains were cancelled. Major motorways in the country had to close. Many people were unable to get to work and it is thought the cost of this lost labor is around &1 billion (10 billion yuan) to businesses and the economy.  Anyone who wanted to leave the country had problems too. Runways were closed at all the UK's major airports because of the amount of snow. Hundreds of flights were cancelled leaving some passengers stranded at airports.  So why is the UK so ill-prepared for snow? The mayor of London, Boris Johnson, explained that there aren't enough snow -ploughs and gritters and it doesn't make sense to buy such equipment when it snows so infrequently.  The south-east of England was the hardest hit at the beginning of the week but the snow is now moving northwards where the chaos continues.  More ice and snow is forecast throughout the week and the advice from travel and weather organizations is to stay indoors unless you really need to  _ ! \n Answer: The government organized to clear the snow away with snow-ploughs and gritters.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following facts is FALSE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-08b1c926ef1a46be91b1082a3c382bf3",
            "input": "Article: China news, Beijing, Feb. 9 - Housing price in China has always aroused heated discussions among property developers and ordinary Chinese. To many property developers and local government officials, housing price in China is still low compared with many developed countries. However, the average housing price in the United States is only 8,000 yuan per square meter, while in China, it is even higher than in the United States. This shows that there are some bubbles  in Chinese real estate market, the International Finance News reported. Although the average price of residential houses in the United States, after converted to Renminbi, is about 8,000 yuan per square meter, the houses in US are not sold in terms of building area, as most Chinese property developers do when they sell their houses. If US property developers sell their houses according to the building area, then the housing price will be even lower than 8,000 yuan per square meter. In most big Chinese cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen, houses are sold at a price even higher than those in the US. The high housing sales price in large cities in China proves that Chinese real estate market does have some bubbles. Moreover, Chinese houses can not be compared with houses in US in terms of building quality, environment and supporting facilities. Furthermore, it should be noted that American people's average income is several dozen times higher than that of Chinese people. How can the Chinese afford to buy a house which is even more expensive than that sold in US? At the beginning of 2007, Chinese government issued a set of policies that aimed to benefit the public. Now in order to reduce the high housing prices, the government can regulate  the real estate market by raising tax on property industry and controlling the release of loans and lands to property developers. At the same time, the government should allow people to build more houses through various fund-raising channels, such as funds collected from buyers or raised by working units. By applying these multiple means, it is expected that the high housing prices can be lowered. \n Answer: It's not mentioned here",
            "output": [
                "What is the average housing price per square meter in China?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-acd4ab14f65e40029968ceeeb6ecd541",
            "input": "Article: \"Write All About It\" Centerville High School Essay Contest Rules 1. Students are asked to submit essays of 500 to 700 words of their own work. Any essay containing material plagiarized  from another source will be disqualified. 2. Manuscripts should be typed double-spaced, with the student's name, address, and grade level on a separate sheet of paper. 3. Essays must be turned in by 4:00 p.m. on November 30. They can be brought to Mrs. Elton in Room 104 or to Mr. Markham in the school library. Essay-Writing Tips 1. Catch your readers' interest-Your opening should immediately pull your readers into your essay. Asking a question or starting with an anecdote, quotation, or surprising statement are some good ways to do this. 2. Create a picture-Use active words that show your readers what is happening. Instead of telling your readers vaguely that \"the room was disordered,\" paint a picture using active verbs and lively adjectives. 3. Have a purpose-Well-written essays do more than just describe an incident or express a viewpoint, they also communicate a message. 4.Check for mistakes-Read your paper over to check for mistakes. Ask another student to read your paper and make suggestions. Another pair of eyes will often spot a mistake you've overlooked. 5. Format your essay-Neatly type your essay on white paper. Choose an attractive cover for submission. The computer lab will be open after school from 3:15 to 4:45 p.m. each day this month so that students can use the computers. Prizes Winning essays will be published in the Centerville Times. Everyone who takes part in it will also receive a free pass to enter one school activity this year. First Prize:      $ 50 savings bond Second Prize:    Dictionary and reference book Third Prize:      Pen set and journal \n Answer: Students' personal information should be listed on another piece of paper.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following rules is set for the essay contest?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-80bfd6ea5a34453aa55f84d35deaf802",
            "input": "Article: A telescope  , called Gaia, is being designed by astronomers in Europe, and it couldn't be more different from Pan-STARRS, which is another telescope being designed. While Pan-STARRS will be looking for asteroids   and comets headed for Earth, Gaia will be looking at our entire galaxy  . Gaia is designed to draw a map of the Milky Way, our home galaxy. Just as a map of your town gives you a picture of where things are located, Gaia's map of the galaxy will tell astronomers where the stars are. Over five years, Gaia will observe   about a billion stars and other objects in our galaxy. Each object will be observed about 70 times. Gaia will be sent into space connected to a rocket. It contains two telescopes, each focused at a different angle  . These two telescopes act like Gaia's \"eyes\". The reason why humans can see things in 3D is that we have two eyes focused on the same object, at slightly different angles. By using two telescopes like eyes, Gaia can produce the first 3D map of the positions of the stars it views. Gaia, which is to be sent into space in 2011, will be a powerful telescope. If you were to use it on Earth, for example, you could stand 600 miles away from your best friends and still get a clear picture of their hair. Gaia is one of more than a dozen telescopes being designed by scientists right now. The next generation of telescopes will reveal new parts of our universe that will seem surprising. The universe, with all its planets, stars and other strange objects, is a puzzle with pieces that we can see by using powerful telescopes. \n Answer: 2 .",
            "output": [
                "How many different angles can Gaia focus at each time?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-59d972c9a28e41cc94c7706716cb487d",
            "input": "Article: The University of South Carolina has developed a sociology course dedicated to the life, work and rise to fame of pop star Lady Gaga. Lady Gaga and the Sociology of the Fame is to be taught by Professor Mathieu Deflem, a fan of the singer. The course, which has its own blog, is due to start in spring 2011. The Belgian born sociologist, whose research interests also include counter-terrorism, international policing, crime control and internet technology, says he has seen Lady Gaga in concert 30 times. \"We're going to look at Lady Gaga as a social event,\" Prof Deflem told the USC student newspaper, the Daily Gamecock. \"So it's not the person, and it's not the music. It's more this thing out there in society that has 10 million followers on Facebook and six million on Twitter. I mean, that's a social phenomenon.\". It will look at business and marketing strategies, the role of old and new media, fans and live concerts, gay culture, religious and political themes, sex and sexuality, and the cities of New York and Hollywood, it says. Prof Deflem said he initially planned to call the course the Sociology of Fame or the Sociology of Celebrity, and to use Lady Gaga as an example. Also a fan of Frank Zappa, Prince, Led Zeppelin, Alice Cooper, Status Quo and Ritchie Blackmore, Prof Deflem says his interest in Lady Gaga began when he first saw her perform on television on 9 January 2009. \"They don't have to be hardcore fans. The better fan will not necessarily be the better student. But you have to have some interest in the topic. So if you really don't like her, you probably shouldn't take the course.\" \n Answer: Lady Gaga and the Sociology of the Fame.",
            "output": [
                "What course will the University of South Carolina develop in spring 2011?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cbc8f2fa318f46a89c532f58994c2378",
            "input": "Article: Scrooge looked around him angrily. It was Christmas and his only friend Jacob Marley, had been dead for seven years. What was there for him to celebrate? He listened with growing anger to the people calling out greetings in the street and _ his nephew Bob Cratchit, who was just ready to go home. \"Merry Christmas, uncle,\" called Bob as he hurried out of the door. Scrooge sighed. He might just as well go to bed. Aware that he should not waste his candle, he quickly undressed and climbed into bed. But no sooner had he done so than the ghost of Marley, covered in chains, appeared. \"What's the matter, Jacob?\" he asked. \"There are the chains I made in my life,\" answered the ghost. \"I'm forced to wander around with no rest and no peace. I have come here to warn you that if you do not change, this too will be your fate. You will be visited by three spirits. Expect the first one tomorrow when the clock strikes one. Expect the second and the third on the following nights at the same hour.\" With that Marley vanished. \"Nonsense!\" he said and going back to bed, fell fast asleep. When Scrooge awoke it was dark. The clock struck one. At the sound, light flashed into the room and there stood a young boy. \"Who are you?\" asked Scrooge in an unsteady voice. \"I'm the spirit of Christmas past,\" replied the spirit. \"Come with me.\" \"Do you remember this?\" he asked. Scrooge did. He heard the happy cries of people, and looking around he found himself, as he used to be, sitting on a chair and reading. It was a Christmas. Suddenly Scrooge watched his younger self joined in a band, dancing and laughing. \"Strange,\" said the spirit, \"that such little things should make people so happy.\" The ghost let him go and Scrooge sank down into a deep sleep. When he awoke again the second night, the clock sounded one again. Before he doubted the second spirit already turned up. The fat and jolly spirit was smiling,\"I'm the spirit of Christmas present.\"Again Scrooge grasped the spirit's hand and was transported to a small house filled with a number of children and their mother. \"Why, it's my nephew Bob's house,\" cried Scrooge in astonishment. His surprise increased when the door opened and in came Bob carrying a small, sick boy, Tiny Tim. \"Sit down,\" cried Bob to his family. \"Let's have the best Christmas dinner!\" They all began to eat eagerly. Scrooge watched at the happiness and contentment of his poor nephew's family. \"A Merry Christmas to us all!\" cried Bob. \"God bless us everyone!\" added Tiny Tim, who sat very close to his father and Bob held his thin hand tightly. \"No, not for the uncle, but for you and the children. Nobody knows better than you how mean that man is.\" exclaimed Bob's wife. \"Spirit,\" cried Scrooge. \"Will Tiny Tim live?\" \"If the future remains the same,\" said the spirit, \"there will be an empty chair next year.\" Again the spirit moved Scrooge away, and he fell asleep as he fell back into his bed. The third night he woke and waited for the hour and the third spirit. This time the spirit didn't come in a flash of light but arrived quietly wearing a black cloth that covered its face and form. \"I'm the spirit of Christmas that is to come.\" The spirit pointed and led him to a large stone. It was at the foot of a grave  that was clearly neglected. Scrooge looked closer with trembling fingers and with horror read his own name on the stone. \"Oh, spirit, no, no!\" The spirit's finger remained steady pointing at the grave. \"I will honour Christmas in my heart and try to keep it all the year,\" cried Scrooge in terror. He reached out to hold the spirit's hand, but it slipped away. Scrooge looked around him. he saw he was in his own bed with his own thing around him. \"I have learned from the past, present and the future,\" he rushed to the window and shouted to the boys below: \"What day is it today?\" \"Why, it's Christmas Day,\" they replied in amazement. \"Wonderful,\" cried Scrooge. He rushed to his office to wait for Bob. When he entered, Scrooge pretended to look angry. \"Do you know what day it is, my boy?\" he asked Bob. \"I'm not going to stand for this any longer,\" he continued, \"and so I'm going to raise your salary.\" Bob looked amazed. \"A Merry Christmas, Bob,\" cried Scrooge slapping him on the back. \"I want to help you and your family. Let's talk about it this very afternoon.\" \n Answer: On the 3 different nights before Christmas.",
            "output": [
                "When did Scrooge meet three spirits?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2d1ce1adfc8f4245bfb95aa522c97c4e",
            "input": "Article: Second Life is a three-dimensional , online world in which computer users can crate a new self and live a different life . Second Life is one of the most popular new online games called \" massively multiplayer online role playing games .\" These games are also called MMOs , for short .        But unlike the other MMOs, Second Life is not about winning or losing . Second Life technically a computer game . But people involved in it do not consider it a game because the players create everything . Second Life is more for socializing and creating communities .        Users of Second Life are called residents . To take part , they must create an _ or an electronic image of themselves . Second Life world , residents live different versions of themselves . They build homes , run businesses , buy and sell things , work , play , and attend school . They even have relationships and get married .        Second Life was created in two thousand three by Linden Lab in San inprefix = st1 /San Francisco,California. Linden Lab  controls the Web site where the ever0vhanging world is being created . There are now about one million people around the  world who are active in Second Life . The number has grown quickly since the beginning of the year when there were about one hundred thousand users .        The average age of people involved with Second Life is about thirty . However ,. Linden Lab recently created Teen Second Life for younger users . Second Life has its own economy and its own money , calledLindendollars .        Millions of dollars are made and spent each month in Second Life Users can enter Second Life free . But they must pay for a membership if they want to own land or buy and sell goods and services .        Recently , several major companies have become involved with Second Life . They wanted to be part of the growing business world that exists within the made-up reality . The car makerToyota, music producer Sony BNG , and even Reuters news agency are among businesses now existing within Second Life . \n Answer: It is simply a popular game to kill time",
            "output": [
                "What's special about the game \" Second Life \"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c9e9d7ce10764ca7b8ee2bf278004c3c",
            "input": "Article: As I made my way to my office last Thursday, I noticed an A4 poster stuck to the lift door. Then I noticed one on the wall, one on the noticeboard, and then one on my classroom door. In fact, they were stuck to nearly every available surface along the corridor. And they all had the same statement:\"All I'm asking for is a little respect seeing I pay you PS9,000 a year.\" I still don't know what led to this flyer campaign -- it is said that it's linked to a group of students who were not given extra assignment grade for their examination -- but I could not help but become annoyed at the impolite language. I started to think about the ways that my students act and speak, and the way I acted and spoke during my time at university. I will admit that I didn't do all of the readings, and yes, I may have missed a couple of lectures throughout the year, but I completed all assignments and followed the guidelines presented to me, without expecting my lecturers to chase after me. I wish I could say the same for my students. As I walked through the car park with a colleague at the end of the day, we discussed the unrest that the posters had caused:\"If you ask me,\"he said,\"all universities are going to need a customer services department before long.\"And there it was, plain and simple, the issue that I hadn't been able to explain: these young people weren't behaving like university students, they were behaving like customers. I recalled the student who told me he was disappointed with his low grade because he had\"paid so much money\". My colleague topped it: when one of his students was asked to leave a seminar for not completing the reading, he responded:\"I pay you to teach me what's in the article, not the other way around.\" Last week I sent out the first round of grades for a module and had 12 emails of complaint within an hour. One in particular stood out for its misunderstanding of what it means to be a scholar. The student said the grade must be incorrect because he had turned up to all the lectures -- as if simply hoping what I had taught him deserved a 70+ grade. As I attempted to make a polite and supportive response, I considered a few things. When did it become an expectation that turning up to lectures is worthy of reward in itself? Moreover, when I was studying would I have ever had theballsto contact my lecturers and not only question their ability to grade my work appropriately but imply that my low grade was their fault? I find that as time goes by, my students become increasingly reluctant to engage in any academic behavior that does not have a direct effect on their assignment grade. That is, after all, what they are paying for. And so I am not regarded as an academic. I am not an expert in my field, a person with 10 years' worth of industry knowledge. I am a service provider. I wish I'd had the gusto to reply to those posters.\"Hey student -- all I'm asking for is a little respect, seeing how much you pay makes no difference to my wages, yet the level of support I am forced to offer you takes up 80% of my time in spite of the fact that teaching is still only equal to 33% of my workload. But I'll be in the office until 9 pm anyway because if I don't publish two papers by the end of the year, I'll be fired.\" \n Answer: They received much less than they had expected.",
            "output": [
                "What did the students really want to say through the flyer campaign?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a253cdc8a3644edc92a30f2e978f8d94",
            "input": "Article: On hearing the words \"Just do it!\",you will know there is a Nike product nearby.If it's \"Always Coca-Cola\", you can be sure someone wants to sell you a refreshing drink.  _ The slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers.Good slogans 1eave a message inside people'sminds.It's almost certain that every brand has a popular slogan. Here are a few examples: \"Just do it!\"This slogan speaks out to teens.It tells them to do something,but only if they think it's worth it.And if so,why not do it wearing Nike? \"Always Coca-Cola.\"Coke's slogans change every few years,but this one has enjoyed lasting popularity because it shows the brand's spirit.It seems to say \"coke is the only drink there is;there are no other forms of drinks.\" \"Share moments,share life.\"----This slogan from Kodak connects photos and beauty.It asks people to remember the happy moments in life by taking photos of them--using Kodak film of course! \n Answer: Slogan And Brand",
            "output": [
                "what would be the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b20e2ce258a4a80b695c739e199a789",
            "input": "Article: Our room was on the second floor but you could still hear the roar of the ocean and see the stars at night. I used to take long walks along the water. The food in town was wonderful and the people were very friendly. The area was very quiet and peaceful, and fairly deserted. The last evening of our vacation, however, we all heard strange footsteps following closely behind us as we were walking up to our room in the holiday centre. We turned around and noticed a fairly young man moving very rapidly across the beach and getting closer to us. He was tall and wore a baseball cap. We didn't have any cell phones on us. I never saw Dad as worried as he was then and knew that something was terribly wrong. The sense of fear started to _ Mom and me. We had had such a good time in town. Now, the night was rapidly turning into a dangerous situation. We could hear the man's footsteps getting closer. Dad's face was almost pale. The so-called intruder   had moved nearer and nearer when all of a sudden, the nearby vending   machine started going crazy and spitting out cans of soda! The noise actually scared the intruder and he ran out of sight. My parents were shaking, but we all turned around to see who had put money into the vending machine downstairs, and actually saved us, but no one was around at all.Not a soul. It's one vacation I will never forget. \n Answer: In a mountain.",
            "output": [
                "Where did the author spend her vacation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a79ec3bbbfc84e7bb3a19e361497d23f",
            "input": "Article: If it really is what's on the inside that counts, then a lot of thin people might be in trouble.  Some doctors now think that the internal fat surrounding important organs like the heart liver could be as dangerous as the external fat which can be noticed more easily.        \"Being thin doesn't surely mean you are not tat, said Dr Jimmy Bell at Imperial College. Since 1994, Bell and his team have scanned nearly 800 people with MRI machines to create \"fat maps\" showing where people store fat. According to the result, people who keep their weight through diet rather than exercise are likely to have major deposits of internal fat, even if they are slim. Even people with normal Body Mass Index scores can have surprising levels of fat deposits inside.Of the women, as many as 45 percent of those with normal BMI scores (20 to 25) actually had too high levels of internal fat.Among men, the percentage was nearly 60 percent. According to Bell, people who are fat on the inside are actually on the edge of being fat.They eat too many fatty and sugary foods, but they are not eating enough to be fat.Scientists believe we naturally store fat around the belly first, but at some point, the body may start storing it elsewhere. Doctors are unsure about the exact dangers of internal fat, but some think it has something to do with heart disease and diabetes .They want to prove that internal fat damages the body's communication systems. The good news is that internal fat can be easily burned off through exercise or even by improving your diet.\"If you want to be healthy, there is no shortcut.Exercise has to be an important part of your lifestyle, \" Bell said. \n Answer: Thin people may be fat inside.",
            "output": [
                "What is this passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-858d7b73fd0d43799fca8aa86530f7fa",
            "input": "Article: Here's how you can take action and make sure you are doing what you can to reduce your personal carbon footprint when traveling this year. Before you go Turn off and unplug all of your non-essential electronic appliances. Experts say that 5-10 percent of the average family's electric bill is from electronic appliances that are plugged in 24 hours a day. Televisions, computers, coffeemakers, toasters and even lamps can suck up power. If you are gone for any extended period, consider turning down the temperature on your water heater since there is no sense in keeping that water hot if you are not going to be around to use it. Choose a different way If you have a little extras time to spare, driving or taking a train to your destination might be an option. And there are always the long-haul options like Megabus. If you do have to take a plane, fly non-stop. If you want to have a lower carbon footprint, avoid private jets even if you can afford them. At the hotel Utilize every conservation program that the hotel offers. Reuse your towels and turn off your air conditioning or heat before you leave for the day. Bring your own soap, shampoo and moisturizer, or at least take whatever is left of the hotel-supplied notions home with you to finish using there. Skip the morning printed newspaper and read it on your Tablet PC, phone or computer. Drinking Carry a water bottle with you so that you don't have to buy plastic bottles. Travel to certain parts of the world and you will understand why. There's nothing more disturbing than seeing something made up of plastic bottles and bags. Halong Bay in Vietnam is a great example where this kind man-made pollution is clearly visible. \n Answer: Keep your tablet, phone or computer on.",
            "output": [
                "What should you do at the hotel in order to live a low-carbon life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-23ca46750b204c13ba67bb3a6af5a7cd",
            "input": "Article: The American Family Immigration History Center is an exciting new interactive area at the Ellis Island Immigration Museum where more than 100 million Americans may search for their family's beginnings in the New World. Now, for the first time, the passengers records of the ships that landed some 22 million immigrants, crewmembers and other passengers at the Port of New York and Ellis Island from 1892 to 1924 have been computerized, making it easier than ever to discover your own family history.    Five years in the making, the center was developed and funded by the Statue of the Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation, Inc., which was responsible for the restoration and preservation of the Statue of the Liberty and Ellis Island, and the creation of the Immigration   Museum.    For visitors to the Museum, the excitement begins at a welcoming kioskwhere you can enter ancestors' names and see if their arrival records are included in the database and are available in the History Center in the Museum's West Wing. Once inside the Center itself, in the very place where your ancestors (grand-grandparents) may have ended their long journey, you and your family can log on the one of 41 computers, type in name, and, within seconds, set in motion your own special journey of discovery.    Imagine the excitement you'll share with your family as you use the latest technology to sort through a vast computerized archive  with millions of records, and see your family's own personal story in America come to life before your eyes.    Millions of hours were spent creating this vast database and, if you find your ancestors' names, you'll discover answers to questions you've always wondered about... What ship did my family members take? When did they arrive? How old were they? Were they married? Then, take these valuable records and create your own Family History Scrapbook, preserving forever the story of the past while keeping the legacy of your family alive. \n Answer: All of its documents are computerized.",
            "output": [
                "Why is it easier for visitors to find their family histories in the History Center?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-adf723a0262d45da91cefa7f88bf7a44",
            "input": "Article: When my mother was alive, she used to tell me again and again about the value of just being nice. \"Never underestimate the power of a smile,\" she would say. I fear she would be very disappointed looking at the world today. A lot of people don't smile and when it comes to service today, they're just not nice. Now don't give me wrong, not all service workers but a good many. I was on the phone the other day with a computer help desk. First a man, then later a woman, who couldn't have been ruder. And this to a customer, who didn't know his way around a PC. But no matter, I could tell they thought I was a bother, The woman, in fact, seemed to be chewing gum as she unemotionally clicked off a series of commands for me to perform. The next day I heard from a friend of mine who got a performance review without his boss once looking up at him. Not once. You see it everywhere. Gone are the days when people cared about you. It's a sign of the time, I suspect. But that makes me sad -- for them and for us all. People who aren't happy, who don't smile, who don't kid, who don't joke or make light of even bad situations, make for an even worse situation. And it spreads like a cancer. Someone's rude to you, you're rude to them and to the next fellow you meet, and on and on. Smiles are contagious but so annoyances. The boss who can't be bothered with his workers. The celebrity who can't be bothered with her annoying fans. You know, my mom used to judge presidential candidates by how they smiled. I would say, \"But mom, you don't know if that smile is real.\" \"Oh, yes I do,\" she would tell me. \"I can feel it.\" It's in their eyes, she would say. And it's in their smile. The rest just kind of falls into place. \n Answer: To show many people aren't nice.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer mention his phone call?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7e9a26f0c98a4470a88899fc2f3879f9",
            "input": "Article: What makes a person a scientist?Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others?The answer is \"no\". It isn't the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which make him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter .You will probably agree,too,that _ The scientist,however,goes one step further;he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer he gets to many questions is into a large set of ideas about how the world works. The scientist's knowledge must be exact. There's no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different,any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason why investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein,who developed the Theory of Relativity,arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigation. Einstein's ideas were proved to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations. \n Answer: The various tools he uses.",
            "output": [
                "What makes a scientist according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c17eb906405245b7818cd7263c0f21c5",
            "input": "Article: People in the United States honor their parents with 2 special days: Mother's Day on the second Sunday in May and Father's Day on the 3rd Sunday in June. These days are to show love and respect for parents. They raise their children and educate them to be responsible citizens.They give love and care. These two days offer an opportunity to think about the changing roles of mothers and fathers. More mothers now work outside the home and more fathers must help with child-care. These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mother's Day, people wear carnations. A red one symbolizes a living mother. A white one shows that the mother is dead. Many people attend religious services to honor parents. It's also a day when people whose parents are dead visit the cemetery. On these days families get together at home as well as in restaurants. They often have outdoor barbecues for Father's Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories. Another tradition is to give cards and gifts. Children make them in school. Many people make their own presents. These are more valued than those bought in stores. It's not the value of the gift that is important, but \"the thought that counts\". Greeting card stores,florists,candy makers, bakers, phone companies and other stores do lots of business during these holidays. \n Answer: Parents pass away before children grow up.",
            "output": [
                "Which is not a reason for children to show love and respect for parents?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0346396abe604144bf1ea6166ee5de50",
            "input": "Article: Scientists have found what look like caves on Mars , and say they could be protecting life from the planet's terrible environment. The first caves discovered beyond the Earth appear as seven mysterious black dots on the pictures sent back by NASA's Mars Odyssey orbiter. Each as large as a football field, they may be openings into natural caves below the Martian surface. \"If there is life on Mars, there is a good chance you'd find it in caves,\" said Jut Wynne, one of the researchers who noticed the features while working on a US Geological Survey Mars Cave Detection Program. Jonathan Clarke, a geologist with the Mars Society of Australia, yesterday described the discovery as exciting. One photo taken at night by an infrared imager  showed one hole to be unusually warm, suggesting hot air trapped during the day is flowing out. \"I said: 'Wow, that's a cave'\" Dr. Clarke said excitedly. \"People have been looking for these for a long time; now we have found them.\" He agreed such caves would be perfect places to hunt for life escaping from the bitterly cold, radiation-soaked , dry surface. \"Tiny drops of water could collect inside,\" he said. \"If there are gases coming out, they could provide energy for a whole range of bacteria. A cave is also a protection from radiation; the surface of Mars is exposed to high levels of space radiation.\" The caves probably formed when tube-shaped lave flows  spread across the planet long ago. The outside of the tubes cooled, forming solid walls, while something hotter inside allowed the remaining have to flow out, forming caves. \n Answer: Scientists have completely recognized the surface of Mars.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-912a6d1d573248ff85964490003a460a",
            "input": "Article: One night when my wife was preparing dinner, our little son took a piece of paper to her which read: For washing the car .........................................................$5.00 For making my own bed this week ....................................... $1.00 Going to the provision shop ................................................$0.50 Playing with little sister......................................................$0.25 Taking out the rubbish....................................................... $1.00 Getting a good report card................................................ ..$5.00 And for sweeping the common corridor................................... $2.00 Total........................................................................... $14.75 His mother looked at him standing there expecting payment. I could see a thousand memories flashed through her mind. So she picked up the pen and turning the paper over, this is what she wrote :  For nine months I carried you, growing inside me .................. No Charge For the nights I sat up with you, doctored and prayed for you......No Charge For the toys, food and clothes and wiping your nose ................No Charge When you add it all up, the full cost of my love.......................No Charge Well, when he finished reading, he had big tears in his eyes. He looked at his mother and said, \"Mummy, I love you.\" Then he took the pen and in great big letters wrote on the \"bill\" \"All paid.\" \n Answer: Mother's Love, No Charge",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-de9c19b9f8ac4a4b8b774c5fe15308d9",
            "input": "Article: The oil from palms   has a wide variety of uses and is found in food, soaps and shampoos. An international team found a gene that made some of the trees produce more oil than others. Dr Rajinder Singh, from government agency the Malaysian Palm Oil Board, said, \"The oil palm has three fruit forms: a thick-shelled type --the Dura; those that don't have any shell--the Pisifera; a third form produced as a cross between the thick shell and the one without the shell--the Tenera, which are more of the fleshy fruit to produce the oil,\" and the researchers identified the gene producing this trait. While oil palm growers attempt to grow only the thin-shelled Tenera variety, up to 10% of the seeds can be contaminated  , and turn out to be the other less oily plants. Prof. Martienssen, from the Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory, said, \"We can now use that gene in genetic testing, which will allow growers as well as producers to know exactly what sort of tree they are planting before it produces fruit. It takes a long time for these trees to produce fruit, but by being able to predict exactly what sort of fruit that trees will produce, it will greatly assist growers.\" The researchers say this could offer a more sustainable form of agriculture. Prof. Martienssen said, \"This finding gives us huge hope. We hope to maximize land usage and produce a lot more on the same amount of land, because we do not want to destroy the rainforest any more.\" However, the environmental group WWF-UK said that the global demand for oil palm was growing rapidly, making the expansion of plantations inevitable. Adam Harrison, the organization's food and agriculture policy officer, said, \"In a sense it does not matter if a 'good' variety replaces forest or a 'bad' one, the wildlife and communities that need access to that land will suffer. So for palm oil to be sustainable, the process of allocating   land needs to be controlled. There is an abundance of low-carbon, low-wildlife and conflict-free land available and there is no more need for forest areas to be changed.\" \n Answer: The researchers are trying to produce more palms with the fruit, Tenera.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ad8675ec5e864f9e92d4341fbfe30028",
            "input": "Article: How far would you be willing to go to satisfy your need to know?Far enough to find out your possibility of dying from a terrible disease?These days that's more than an academic question,as Tracy Smith reports in our Cover Story. There are now more than a thousand genetic  tests,for everything from baldness to breast cancer,and the list is growing.Question is,do you really want to know what might eventually kill you?For instance,Nobel Prizewinning scientist James Watson,one of the first people to map their entire genetic makeup,is said to have asked not to be told if he were at a higher risk for Alzheimer's . \"If I tell you that you have an increased risk of getting a terrible disease,that could weigh on your mind and make you anxious,through which you see the rest of your life as you wait for that disease to hit you.It could really mess you up.\" said Dr.Robert Green,a Harvard geneticist. \"Every ache and pain,\" Smith suggested,could be understood as \"the beginning of the end.\"\"That's right.If you ever worried you were at risk for Alzheimer's disease,then every time you can't find your car in the parking lot,you think the disease has started.\" Dr.Green has been thinking about this issue for years.He led a study of people who wanted to know if they were at a higher genetic risk for Alzheimer's.It was thought that people who got bad news would,for lack of a better medical term, _ .But Green and his team found that there was \"no significant difference\" between how people handled good news and possibly the worst news of their lives.In fact,most people think they can handle it.People who ask for the information usually can handle the information,good or bad,said Green. \n Answer: He doesn't want to know his chance of getting a disease.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE of James Watson?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-94e8e9544c02432db5c0b86c4adbc077",
            "input": "Article: The playwright George Bernard Shaw once said humorously, \"England and America are two nations divided by a common language. If he were writing today, he might add 'divided by a common technology--- e-mail'\". Two completely different styles of e-mail have formed on either side of the Atlantic-Euromail and Amerimail. Americail is informal and chatty. It's likely to begin with a \"Hi\" and end with a \"Bye\". The chances of Amerimail containing a smiley face or an \"xoxo\" are disturbingly high. We Americans are unwilling to dive into the meat of an e-mail. We feel we have to first inform recipients   about our vacation on the island which was really excellent except the jellyfish were biting and the kids caught a cold, so we had to skip the whale watching trip, then about that investors ' meeting in New York. Amerimail is a bundle of contradictions, casual and yet direct, respectful yet over proud. In other words, Amerimail is America. Euromail is stiff and cold often beginning with a formal \"Dear Mr. X\" and ending with a simple \"Sincerely\". You won't find any mention of kids or the weather or jellyfish in Euromail. It's all business. It's also slow. Your correspondent might take days even weeks to answer a message. Euromail is exactly like the Europeans themselves. Recently about 100 managers were asked on both sides of the Atlantic whether they noticed differences in e-mail styles. Most said yes. Here are a few of their observations: \"Americans tend to write (e-mail) exactly as they speak.\" \"Why don't you just call me instead of writing five e-mails back and forth?\" \"Europeans are less interested in checking e-mail\". \"In general, Americans are much more responsive to e-mail--they respond faster and provide more information.\" So which is better, Euromail or Amerimail? I realized it's not popular these days to suggest we have anything to learn from Europeans, but I'm fed up with an inbox filled with casual, barely meaningful e-mails from friends and colleagues. If the alternative is a few earnestly written, carefully worded bits of Euromail, then I say, \"Bring it on.\" \n Answer: There is sharp difference between England and America despite their common language.",
            "output": [
                "What did George Bernard Shaw mean by saying \"England and America are two nations divided by a common language\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dd31beb71fb949b2ad40ab8bddd75c6d",
            "input": "Article: In October on the east coast of Australia migrating humpback whales pass very close to the shore. With the help of Max Egan, we went to film them near Byron Bay. It was extremely exciting to spot the little puffs of spray on the horizon. When migrating, the whales can be traveling at speeds of about 12km/h and can dive under anywhere between five and forty minutes, but with many years of experience Max usually guided our boat to exactly the right place to provide us with amazing sighting. As the whales break the surface like submarines , the water spills off their broad dark backs and huge tails. Then, with a powerful down stroke, they dive back into the depths of the sea, leaving just a smooth glassy patch of water or \"footprint\" on the surface to show where they had been. One day we had traveled up and down the shore and far out to the sea in search of whales, but the horizon was deserted. There was no report of whales in the area so we decided to test out Max's new, highly sensitive hydrophone and the result was astonishing. As soon as the hydrophone was in the water, we found ourselves listening to the most beautiful  voices. What may have seemed like a vast empty ocean was filled with the singing of whales. It is the males which sing, as they migrate between feeding and breeding grounds. No one knows for sure what the purpose of these songs is, whether they are love songs to the females or warnings to other males to stay away. It was thought that each population of humpbacks had its own song which remained regular but recent findings suggest that the whales appreciate a memorable tune and quickly adopt any new songs they hear. \n Answer: The songs of whales.",
            "output": [
                "Which finding about whales is beyond the writer's expectation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df0fbdc3677c4cc2ac2d994dba9db530",
            "input": "Article: Going to outer space is a little like going camping. You have to carry with you all the food and equipment you need for your trip, so your food can't be too heavy or hard to prepare. Plus, there are no refrigerators to keep food cold and fresh.    Food with all the water dried out is lightweight and doesn't spoil. So, many space foods are dried on Earth and stored in special packets. Some taste good right out of the packet.    On earth, gravity is the force that keeps your feet on the ground and your sandwich on your plate. But there's no gravity in space. To keep food from floating away, astronauts on the Space Shuttle attach the packets to a special tray. The tray can be fixed to a wall or to the astronaut's lap. To prepare their food, astronauts use liquid  forms of salt and pepper. The liquid sticks to the food better. Regular salt and pepper would float away, maybe up an astronaut's nose. Liquids float right out of cups and glasses, though. So astronauts drink everything from a small bag with a straw  that can be closed. Astronauts say that most space foods taste pretty good. Some, such as apples and pudding, are the same as the foods you eat on Earth. Astronauts eat tortillas  instead of bread because they make fewer crumbs . Floating crumbs could get stuck in equipment or an astronaut's eye. Your body used food in space the same way it does on Earth. Your body must deal with waste in space too. During takeoff the landing, astronauts can't leave their seats to go to the bathroom. They wear diapers  under their spacesuits instead. The Space Shuttle has a bathroom the size of a small closet. The toilet has bars that keep astronauts from floating away. A strong flow of air is used instead of water to flush  waste down the toilet. Back on Earth it's flushed away-or sometimes studied by scientists. \n Answer: Liquid is convenient to use in space.",
            "output": [
                "Why do astronauts use liquid forms of salt and pepper to prepare food?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d1c49dd653664a90b60af4b455421909",
            "input": "Article: It's really true what people say about English politeness: it's everywhere.When squeezing past someone in a narrow aisle, people say \"sorry\".When getting off a bus, English passengers say \"thank you\" rather than the driver.In Germany, people would never dream of doing these things. After all, squeezing past others sometimes can't be avoided.and the bus driver is merely doing his job.I used lo think the same way, without questioning it, until I started traveling to the British Isles and came to appreciate some more polite ways of communicating with people. People thank each other everywhere in England, all the time.When people buy something in a shop, customer and retail assistant in most cases thank each other twice or more.In Germany, it would be exceptional to hear more than one thank you in such a conversation.British students thank their lecturers when leaving the room.English employers thank their employees for doing their jobs as opposed to Germans, who would normally think that paying their workers money is already enough. Another thing I observed during my stay was that English people rarely criticize others.Even when I was working and mistakes were pointed out to me.my employers stressed several times but none of their explanations were intended as criticism.It has been my impression that by avoiding criticism, English people are making an effort to make others feel comfortable.This also is shown in other ways.British men still open doors for women, and British men are more likely to treat women to a meal than German men.However, 1 do need to point out here that this applies to English men a bit more than it would to Scottish men' Yes, the latter are a bit tightfisted. \n Answer: He appreciates it",
            "output": [
                "What is the author's attitude towards English politeness?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f1fe926159f14b7ca62c3908b6e34636",
            "input": "Article: In the Middle Ages in Europe, theater was an important part of civic, economic and religious life. During this period after the fall of Roman civilization, many cities were destroyed. Southern and Western Europe, famous for its agriculture, became increasingly more agricultural. After several hundred years, many towns appeared again. The Roman Catholic Church took over religion, education and politics. What remained of theater was mostly on the Greek and Roman performing arts. Theater was reborn as liturgical  dramas. It was written in Latin and dealing with biblical  stories which would be performed by church members. Then there came local dramas spoken in common language not Latin. They were more wonderful one-act dramas taking place in town squares or other parts of the city. There were three types of local dramas. Mystery or cycle plays were short dramas based on biblical stories organized into historical cycles. Miracle plays dealt with the lives of the great. Morality  plays taught a lesson through characters standing for good or bad qualities. Secular plays in this period existed, but religious drama in the Middle Ages is mostly remembered today. As the Middle Ages ended, the number of religious theatres became small as the church weakened and more secular qualities won over religious theaters. \n Answer: Plays that are not connected with thechurch.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, what does \"secular plays\"mean here?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1765986821634fd3ae733a6aadfc4100",
            "input": "Article: Cut out part of a healthy person's liver and transplant it into a sick person--it sounds like a complicated and dangerous operation , not to mention very expensive. But it is sometimes the only possible cure for a seriously ill patient with liver disease. Until now British scientists have just announced a new stem cell technique, which allows them to grow healthy liver cells outside human bodies. According to the researchers, it could be another five to ten years before the technique can actually be used to help patients with liver disease. However, they say the method might one day replace liver transplants altogether. The study was led by the University of Cambridge and the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute, a British genomics and genetics research institute. It was published in the journal nature on October 12,2011.  The researchers took skin cells from a patient with a mutation   in a gene called alphal-antitrypsin (a-l). This gene makes a protein that protects our bodies against inflammation  . People with changed or damaged alphal-antitrypsin are not able to release the protein correctly from the liver, so the protein is trapped there and eventually leads to liver cirrhosis  . Scientists then used an advanced technique to cut away the faulty section of DNA from a stem cell and replace it with a corrected one, according to the journal. The stem cells went on to produce fresh and healthy liver cells with normal protein levels. Scientists put the new liver cells into mice and found that they worked very well.  Stem cells are the life source of all other cells in the body. They could transform medicine, providing treatment for blindness, spinal cord injuries and other serous injuries. They could also be used to produce new cells for damaged organs. David Lomas, a Cambridge biology professor who worked on the team, said: \"If we can use a patient's own skins cells to produce liver cells that we can put back into the patient, we may prevent the future need for transplantation. \" \n Answer: New life for liver patients",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5047f4a7a80f45a095108f287de05560",
            "input": "Article: Career education is instruction intended to help young people identify, choose, and prepare for a career. Such instruction may focus on a person's role in work, leisure, or family life. Career education differs from vocational education, which is designed to teach specific occupational skills. Career education includes the formal and informal learning that occurs in the family, in the community, and in schools. In schools, career education consists of instructive activities included in many courses. These activities are designed to improve the attitudes, knowledge, and skills important for work roles. Career education helps students develop self- understanding and use it to plan their education and working life. A complete career education program in school begins in kindergarten and continues at least through high school. Many colleges and universities also offer career education through their counseling  programs. In kindergartens and elementary schools, youngsters learn about different types of work. In middle schools or junior high school, children begin to explore the occupations and leisure activities that interest them most. In high school, students get more specific information about occupations and life styles. They may be in classroom, small group, or individual sessions where they learn how to make career decisions. They also should obtain the skills they need for further study or for a job after graduation. Counselors provide information on such matters as how to locate and apply for jobs and how to be successful in interviews. Teachers and counselors use a variety of methods to provide career education, including films about occupations or industries. Children may invite parents or other adults to come to school and describe their jobs. A student may accompany a worker on the job. Cooperative education s classroom study with practical work experience. \n Answer: Career education is carried out in the whole process of people's education--from kindergarten to university.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which statement is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2abaae1fb96344318de7ed42a9904183",
            "input": "Article: A little old couple walked slowly into McDonald's one cold winter evening. They were so old that they looked out of place amid the young families and young couples eating there that night. Some of the customers looked admiringly at them. You could tell what the admirers were thinking. \"Look, there is a couple who has been through a lot together, probably for 60 years or more!\" The little old man walked right up to the cash register, placed his order with no hesitation and then paid for their meal. The couple took a table near the back wall and started taking food off the tray. There was one hamburger, one order of French fries and one drink. The little old man unwrapped the plain hamburger and carefully cut it in half. He placed one half in front of his wife. Then he carefully counted out the French fries, divided them in two piles and neatly placed one pile in front of his wife. He took a sip of the drink, his wife took a sip and then set the cup down between them. As the man began to eat his few bites of hamburger the crowd began to get restless. Again you could tell what they were thinking, \"That poor old couple. All they can afford is one meal for the two of them.\" As the man began to eat his French fries one young man stood and came over to the old couple's table. He politely offered to buy another meal for the old couple to eat. The old man replied that they were just fine. They were used to sharing everything. Then the crowd noticed that the little old lady hadn't eaten a bite. She just sat there watching her husband eat and occasionally taking turns sipping the drink. Again the young man came over and begged them to let him buy them something to eat. This time the lady explained that, no, they were used to sharing everything together.   As the little old man finished eating and was wiping his face neatly with a napkin the young man could stand it no longer. Again he came over to their table and offered to buy some food.    After being politely refused again, he finally asked a question of the little old lady. \"Ma'am, why aren't you eating? You said that you share everything. What is it that you are waiting for?\"   She answered, \" The teeth\". \n Answer: Because they come in such a cold winter evening",
            "output": [
                "Why did some of the customers admire them?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-59bafa5e4e0242c2b9ffac842dfd19c6",
            "input": "Article: I'm not so sure I like my friends any more. I used to like them-to be honest. We'd have lunch, talk on the phone or exchange emails, and they all seemed normal enough. But then came Face Book, and I was introduced to a sad fact: many of my friends have dark sides that they had kept from me. Today my friends show off the more unpleasant aspects of their personalities via FaceBook. No longer hidden, they're thrown in my face like TV commercials -unavoidable and endless advertisements for the worst of their personalities. Take Fred. If you were to have lunch with him, you'd find him warm, and self-effacing .Read his FaceBook and you'll realize he's an unbearable, food-obsessed boring man. He'd pause to have a cup of coffee on his way to save a drowning man-and then write about it. Take Andy. You won't find a smarter CEO anywhere, but now he's a CEO without a company to run. So he plays Mafia Wars on FaceBook. He's doing well-level 731. Thanks to FaceBook, I know he's playing about 18 hours a day. Andy, you've run four companies-and this is how you spend your downtime? What happned to golf?What happened to getting another job? Take Liz. She is positive that the flu vaccine will kill us all and that we should avoid it. And then comes Chris who likes to post at least 20 times a day on every website he can find, so I get to read his thoughts twice, once on FaceBook and once on Twitter. In real life, I don't see these sides of people. Face to face, my friends show me their best. They're nice, smart people. But face to FaceBook, my friends is like a blind date which goes horribly wrong. I'm left with a dilemma. Who is my real friend?Is it the Liz I have lunch with or the anti-vaccine madman on FaceBook? Is it the Fred I can grab a sandwich with or the Fred who weeps if he's at a party and the wine isn't up to his standard? \n Answer: Chris",
            "output": [
                "Who is opposed to the flu vaccine in the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ab9d4871839544c2bc204a23be58db0e",
            "input": "Article: Shake Shack is a new kind of restaurant becoming more popular in the U.S. The restaurants are not\"fast food\" . They are known as\"fast casual\" . Observers say Americans want more choices and fresh food when choosing where and what to eat. This trend is one reason why the fast food restaurant McDonald' s has struggled financially. In the last quarter of 2014, McDonald' s net income dropped by about $300 million. The January earnings report brought more bad news. Worldwide sales dropped for the eighth month in a row and even more than expected. While McDonald' s is struggling to get their customers back, Shake Shack, is doing well in making money. The New York-based burger chain had a very successful IPO, or initial public offering, of shares at the end of January. On its first day of trading, Shake Shack went from $21 a share to just under $46 a share. Being part of the \"fast casual \"trend has helped Shake Shack. Other fast casual restaurants in the U.S. include Chipotle and Panera. Bonnie Riggs, a restaurant expert with NPD has studied Americans' restaurant habits for almost 30 years. She says one reason why Americans like fast casual food is that it' s new. It' s creative, it' s something different and people like to try new things. Her study shows Americans made 61 billion visits to restaurants last year. Three out of four visits were to fast food restaurants, like McDonald' s. Fast casual is still a small percentage of restaurant visits, but it has developed fast. Just as Ms. Riggs says,\"It' s growing _ because they meet consumers' needs. They know it' s being prepared while they wait, it' s fresh, quality food, good tasting food at what they say are reasonable and affordable prices.\" Many Americans still like their fast food. They just are not going as often. They are finding other ways to have a meal. \n Answer: Its sales and income have dropped.",
            "output": [
                "What' s the trouble with McDonald' s?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dbf42a37462749b0b617df039d8a1f27",
            "input": "Article: Iceland is experiencing a book boom . It is hard to avoid writers in Reykjavik. There is a phrase in Icelandic, \"ad ganga med bok I maganum\", meaning everyone gives birth to a book. Literally, everyone \"has a book in their stomach\". One in 10 Icelanders will publish one. \"Does it get rather competitive?\" I ask the young novelist, Kristin Eirikskdottir. \"Yes. Especially as I live with my mother and partner, who are also full-time writers. But we try to publish in alternate years so we do not compete too much.\" \"Writers are respected here,\" Agla Magnusdottir tells me. \"They live well. Some even get a salary.\" Magnusdottir is head of the new Icelandic Literature Centre, which offers state support for literature and its translation. \"They write everything --- modern sagas , poetry, children's books, literary and extraordinary fiction --- but the biggest boom is in crime writing,\" she says. So what has led to this phenomenal book boom? I would say it is due to a crop of good writers, telling interesting tales with elegant economy and fantastic characters. Iceland's black lava  riverbeds, its steaming, bubbling earth, with its towering volcanoes and fairytale streams also make it the perfect setting for stories. Solvi Bjorn Siggurdsson, an Icelandic novelist, says writers owe a lot to the past. \"We are a nation of storytellers. When it was dark and cold we had nothing else to do,\" he says. \"Thanks to the poetic works and medieval  sagas, we have always been surrounded by stories. After independence from Denmark in 1944, literature helped define our identity.\" Siggurdsson shows respect to Iceland's Nobel Literature winner, Halldor Laxness, whose books are sold in petrol stations and tourist centres across the island. Locals name their cats after Laxness and pay a visit to his home. \"When Laxness won the Nobel Prize in 1955 he put modern Icelandic literature on the map,\" Siggurdsson tells me. \"He gave us confidence to write.\" \n Answer: Children's stories.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of book is the most popular in Iceland?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-eff3dcf4fea14f08aed31cabd94ae2ea",
            "input": "Article: Feel frightened when you have public speaking? There is no need for it. All you have to do is appear confident, and the audience will immediately relax and pay attention. There are a few body-language techniques that will make your life easier, even if you hate public speaking.     Look relaxed.Don't stand like a model of human body. Keep your arms relaxed , sometimes raising them. Movement helps keep an audience awake. Raise your hands instead of laying them down to stress your points.   The eyes have it.When making a speech , your eyes are your important tool. Use them well, and you will get your message across. Keep your head raised and avoid looking down at the floor. If you can make a speech without notes, your body language will improve. Make eye contact with all the audience for a short while. They want to feel as if you're speaking to them individually.   Change the rhythm. Variety is the key. As well as using your hands and eyes , you can use your voice to send out signals. You can change your rhythm and raise your tone to emphasize your arguments.   Check if your audience is paying attention. As important as controlling your own body language is being able to recognize and if you are confident, it should be easy to check whether the audience is listening ,Look out for negative body language and any signs of wandering attention.   Regain their attention by making a joke. If this doesn't work , it might be time to have a break. Each audience has a different attention span, and the more complicated your subject is the quicker their minds will wander. If all else fails , open a window. Nothing focuses concentration like a draught  . \n Answer: The public often stares at the speaker's arms.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOTtrue according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cce050741343445fb42a48191207fb60",
            "input": "Article: If you're looking for the place that has everything, there's only one place to visit, and that's New York. It's a whole world in a city. The World of Theatre: All of New York is a stage. And it begins with Broadway. Where else can you find so many hit shows in one place? Only in New York! The World of Music: Spend an evening with Beethoven at Lincoln Center. Swing to the great jazz of Greenwich Village. Or rock yourself silly at the hottest dance sports found anywhere. The World of Art: From Rembrandt to Picasso. From Egyptian tombs to Indian teepees. Whatever kind of art you like, you'll find it in New York. The World of Fine Dining: Whether it's a roast Beijing duck   in Chinatown, lasagna in Little Italy, or the finest French coqauvin found anywhere, there's a world of great taste waiting for you in New York. The World of Sights: What other city has a Statue of Liberty  ? A Rockefeller Center? Or a Bronx Zoo? Where else can you take a horse-drawn carriage through Central Park? Only in New York! \n Answer: To see the Statue of Liberty.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following programmes can a visitor have only in New York?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7ad9c70c98094592abc37a21141ceb3f",
            "input": "Article: BERLIN (AP)----A tiger escaped its enclosure at Cologne Zoo in western Germany on Saturday and killed a female keeper before being shot dead by the zoo's director, police said. The tiger slipped through a passage between the enclosure and a neighboring storage building, where it fatally attacked the 43-year-old keeper, said police spokesman Stefan Kirchner. \"It appears the gate wasn't properly shut,\" Kirchner told The Associated Press. The zoo was evacuated and a SWAT   team was called in, police said.But before it arrived, the zoo's director managed to kill the tiger by climbing onto the storage building and shooting it through a skylight using a rifle. Kirchner said it was unlikely that members of the public had witnessed the incident. \"This is the darkest day of my life,\" the zoo's director, Theo Pagel, was quoted as saying by Cologne newspaper Express. The paper said on its website that the Siberian tiger was a 4-year-old male called Tltai that came to Cologne Zoo from an animal park in England.In November it fathered three cubs with a 7-year-old Siberian tiger called Hanya, according to the zoo's website. Police said the zoo reopened after Saturday's incident, which occurred around noon.However, a planned late-night opening of the zoo has been canceled. Cologne Zoo is one of the oldest in Germany.It was founded in 1860 and houses some 10,000 animals consisting of more than 700 different species. \n Answer: Tiger Escapes, Kills Keeper in German Zoo",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title of the news text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b9046a09985e4210b64763b744482f22",
            "input": "Article: Beijing--(13, July) China sent up a new data relay satellite , Tianlian I-02, on Monday at the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in South-western Sichuan province.The new satellite will promote the country's satellite communication network for space docking . The satellite was launched on a Long-March-3C carrier rocket at 11:41 p.m., sources at the centre told Xinhua News Agency.The satellite separated from the rocket 26 minutes after its launch and was then successfully delivered into a geostationary transfer orbit  . Developed by the China Academy of Space Technology under the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, the satellite is the country's second data relay satellite.The first, Tianlian I-01, was launched on April 25.2008. The two satellites will form a network to improve communications between China's spacecraft and bases on Earth, according to the centre.They will also be used to help the nation's first space docking, scheduled for the second half of this year. As planned, China will launch space module Tiangong-I, which was designed as a platform that will dock with an unmanned spaceship, Shenzhou, for the county's first space-docking mission this year. Two more Shenzhou spaceships will dock with Tiangong-I next year, and one will be manned by two or three astronauts, according to China Manned Space Engineering Office, which was the main user of the Tianlian I series data relay satellites. \"The new satellite can cover a greater area to track and command the country's space vehicles in low-Earth orbits, such as manned spacecraft and remote sensing satellites, from a higher position in outer space.Only three satellites of this kind are needed to form a global communication network, and China has two now.\" Pang Zhihao, a researcher and deputy editor-in-chief of Space International, said. The satellite could also equip astronauts with real-time communications, which will benefit the country's future manned space flights, he said. \n Answer: To promote the country's satellite communication network for space docking.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose to send up Tianlian I-02 ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1467668b5a034d0e93f2bc35ed3f1c02",
            "input": "Article: If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise--and as a result, we are aging unnecessarily soon. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of aging could be slowed down. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect   and emotion, and determine the human character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.) Contraction of front and side parts--as cells die off--was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds. Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age--using the head.  The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.    Matsuzawa's findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. \"The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,\" he says, \"Think hard and engage in conversation. Don't rely on pocket calculators.\" \n Answer: Lawyers.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0c10d6820ca34a8d9ea6d4f28ac6c47e",
            "input": "Article: The hottest TV drama in China - \"Nirvana in Fire\" or \"Langya Bang\" has just ended. Millions of people waited every day after midnight for the latest (two) episodes. Are you one of them? What is the story about? Why the show is so popular? \"Nirvana in Fire\" is based on an Internet novel by author Hai Yan, who was invited to pen the screenplay for the television adaptation. The 55-episode series, set in a fictionalized kingdom, weaves together two storylines -- one about a betrayed general's revenge and the other about princes fighting for the throne. The series was put on screen on Sep. 19th, and the number of Internet views exceeded 140 million times the next day. Only during the week of National holiday, the number increased by 1.6 billion. It's now the hottest Chinese TV show with a very high score of 9.3 on Douban. (The classical TV drama, Journey to the West, produced in 1986 is with the same score). Previous and recent costume dramas such as \"The Journey of Flower\" and \"Yun Zhong Ge\" only scored 6.4 and 3.5. Drawing comparisons to \"The Count of Monte Cristo\", the story revolves around a gifted young man named Lin Shu, whose father serves as a general. Already a high-ranking military officer by his teenager years, Lin Shu enjoyed a close friendship with Prince Xiao Jingyan and was even engaged to Princess Nihuang. At age 17, however, Lin Shu's life turned upside down when his father's army was _ and destroyed by a foxy political rival. Lin Shu escaped death, but due to the poisoning, his body became weak and frail, and he lost his martial arts abilities. From then on, his face was pale and his fingers always ice-cold. After twelve years, Lin Shu returned to his country's capital with a new name, Mei Changsu, and a new identity, the leader of the Jiang Zuo Alliance. He then became the strategic adviser for his friend, Prince Jingyan, who had been exiled  by the king. Despite the efforts of Prince Xiao Jingheng and the crown prince to win the throne for themselves, Mei Changsu succeeds in paving the road for his friend to take over as king, as well as the avenging the injustices dealt to his troops many years before. \n Answer: Nirvana in Fire shares the same score with Journey to the West on Douban.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f31f903d9de4d498e91528ed62d6207",
            "input": "Article: In the latest romance-drama, Descendants of the Sun (<<>> ), a handsome soldier Yoo Shi-jin  (Song Joong-ki)  meets the pretty doctor Kang Mo-yeon  (Song Hye-kyo)  in a hospital, and he doesn't hesitate to hit on her. The dialogue, which takes place early in the first episode, immediately indicates that this is no ordinary South Korean drama. There's no family feud, or secret crush, or love tangles, or guesses and misunderstandings. The 16-episode show is set in the fictional war-torn country of Uruk . Song Joong-ki is the leader of a special warfare command unit, while Song Hye-kyo plays a doctor who works for a humanitarian medical organization. Both are sent in the midst of disaster and disease as part of their work with UN peacekeeping troops. Both know and show clearly what they want and what they hate. But what stands out the most are Song's skills as a pick-up artist . Boldness and creativity are the key weapons in his arsenal. When Kang invites Yoo to drink wine with her, Yoo, who is not allowed to drink alcohol as a soldier, says, \"There is a way\" before kissing her. Forget about the \"eighth-episode rule\". This kiss happens in the fourth. Humor also does the trick. On their first date in a cinema, Yoo says, \"This is the most exciting moment of my life. The moment I am with a beautiful woman before the theater lights go out.\" When Kang tries to give Yoo a hard time, Yoo jokes, \"I mistook you for a beautiful woman because it's dark.\" And actor Song Joong-ki, who just came back from two years of military service last May, makes sure he delivers his pick-up lines just right. \"In Deep Rooted Tree (<<>> ) and The Innocent Man (<<>> ), he [Song Joong-ki] showed he had the steel to play fearless and heartless men - that he could be taken seriously as an actor, despite his pretty face. In Descendants, he hits the emotional core of every scene, whether he has to be bold and amorous, guarded and mysterious, or sad,\" said critic Foong Woei Wan in The Straits Times. \n Answer: colleague",
            "output": [
                "What is the relationship between Song Joong-ki and Song hye-hyo?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ec0f20c9ee8e4bea863639054326e6cb",
            "input": "Article: Marie Claire Magazine is one of the top women's health, beauty and  fashion magazines in the world It has over 14 million readers all over the world.Maire Magazine is published in 32 countries including France, the Untied States ,Australia, China, the United Kingdom, Russia ,Spain Italy and many other nations. Marie Claire Magazine has stood by its motto\"More than a Pretty Face\" since Jean Prouvost created it in France in1937. It was soon released every Wednesday and was an immediate success. Unfortunately, because of World War n, it stopped printing in 1940. But it b began in  again in 1954 as a monthly publication instead of a weekly one. The magazine has provided women throughout the world with information on health ,struggles and life stories of women. The magazine also focuses on current affairs all women would be interested in .It also has a part that specifically answers readers' questions. The magazine discusses all of the latest and hottest things in clothing and accessories .It also provides its readers with shopping information to help find the best deals for the latest fashions. The cover of Marie Claire Magazine has been graced by many famous faces ,Although it is aimed at women, it broke new ground in 2003. The US publication featured a  manTom Cruise on its cover for the first time.Marie Claire Magazine has continued to be a pioneer in the magazine industry. \n Answer: In 1937.",
            "output": [
                "When was Marie Claire Magazine created?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-61fafcd04d7a4c108eb82905c4d98c46",
            "input": "Article: The film Avatar has been a hit at the box office in the UK and around the world, becoming the fastest film ever to earn $1bn (7bn yuan) in ticket sales.  But the world of the sci-fi  epic Avatar is so perfect that people have admitted being troubled by depression and suicidal thoughts at not being able to visit the planet. Set in the future when Earth's resources have run out, director James Cameron's film tells the story of a corporation trying to mine a rare mineral. The humans conflict with the natives-- a peace-loving race of 7ft tall, blue-skinned creatures called the Na'vi, who exist in perfect harmony with nature. Fans have flooded the internet with their confused feelings. On the site Avatar Forums , the topic \"Ways to cope with the depression of the dream of Pandora being intangible \" has more than 1,000 posts. In a similar forum, one user wrote, \"When I woke up this morning after watching Avatar for the first time yesterday, the world seemed grey. It just seems so meaningless.\" \"I still don't really see any reason to keep doing things at all. I live in a dying world.\" On another site, one fan was even more affected, admitting, \"I even consider suicide, thinking that if I do it I will be rebirthed in a world similar to Pandora.\" On the Avatar site Naviblue, a fan calling himself Jorba has even asked others to join him in starting a real Na'vi tribe . Dr Stephan Quentzel, psychiatrist and Medical Director in New York told CNN, \"Virtual life is not real life and it never will be, but this is the pinnacle of what we can build in a virtual presentation so far.\" \"It has taken the best of our technology to create this virtual world and real life will never be as utopian as it seems on screen. It makes real life seem more imperfect.\" But not everyone viewing the film has been hit by the \"Avatar Blues\", as a small but vocal group have claimed it contains racist themes-- the white hero once again saving the primitive natives. Since the film opened three weeks ago, hundreds of blog posts, newspaper articles and YouTube videos have said things such as the film is \"a fantasy about race told from the point of view of white people\" and that it strengthens \"the white Messiah fable .\" The film's writer and director, James Cameron, says the real theme is about respecting others' differences. \n Answer: The perfection created in the film makes some viewers think of committing suicide.",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6fe86e295db143c0ba649a04cff9aebe",
            "input": "Article: The devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina is a wake-up call. It is a call for every American to pay attention to the destruction we risk by allowing human-induced  climate change to continue. It is impossible to prove that Hurricane Katrina was caused by global warming, or even that human activities made the storm more severe. However, a paper published in the scholarly journal Nature reports that the force of dangerous hurricanes has increased by 50% during the last 50 years. It also reports that a global warming-induced rise in temperature near the ocean's surface has probably contributed to this increase in dangerous storms, and thus to property  damage and human death. On August 30, the Los Angeles Times summed up  the view of many scientists who agree that if the frequency of hurricanes does not decrease in the next few years, then we will be fairly certain that humans, and not natural storm cycle, are at the root of the problem. I believe there is at least a chance that by reducing U.S. reliance on fossil fuels for energy, we can prevent future tragedies like Hurricane Katrina. Let the change begin now. There are many ways to reduce the volume of greenhouse gas emissions. My family drives the most fuel-efficient car we can afford, but I prefer to take public transportation whenever possible. My family buys locally grown food instead of produce that was transported thousands of miles on fuel-burning vehicles. We also replaced our incandescent light bulbs with more energy-efficient compact fluorescents . This might sound like a trivial move, but the Union of Concerned Scientists reports that if every household in the United States replaced one incandescent bulb with a compact fluorescent, it would have the same effect on U.S. carbon-dioxide emissions as removing 7.5 million cars from the roads. Now think if every household replaced not just one but all of their incandescent bulbs! The United States, with just five percent of the world's population, is responsible for close to one quarter of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide, yet our country is doing far less than most European nations to fight global warming. We don't have to sacrifice our lifestyles; Europeans enjoy the same standards of living as Americans. So what are we waiting for? It is time to act. \n Answer: A global rise in temperature near the ocean's surface accounts for more dangerous storms.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is a fact?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-29bb85017e024877a3253dfc4592e38b",
            "input": "Article: Ever get that feeling you're being watched? Well, if you're a dog-owner, you may have a point. Dogs are able to watch people's interactions with one another to determine who holds yummier treats, according to a new study. This study joins others that show dogs are good observers of human behaviors and feelings. It offers evidence that dogs use information not only from people's direct interactions with them, but also their interactions with one another. In the study, dogs watched a man ask two women for some of their corns. Both women gave the man corns when he asked, but in response to one woman, the man showed his enthusiasm and said the corns were so delicious. In response to the other woman, he gave the corns back and called them _ (in Spanish;the study was conducted in Argentina). After these interactions, the man left and an assistant holding the dog let the dog go. While many dogs didn't approach either woman, the dogs that did have a preference tended to prefer the woman with the yummier  food. Other studies of dogs' people-watching ability have found dogs are able to tell the difference between happy and sad faces in their owners. They prefer people who give others food when asked over people who don't give others food. And in one study, dogs turned toward crying people more often than toward talking people. So how much do dogs really understand about the humans around them? That's not totally settled yet. In a strange twist to the Argentine study above, when the researchers tried an experiment in which they put two plates of corns on a table and had a man react to each plate, dogs didn't preferentially approach the tastier plate afterward. You could say dogs watch for the interaction between two persons, not just how a person reacts. Yet a previous study found dogs will choose boxes that people reacted to happily, but not boxes people reacted to with a disgusted face. Well, either way, you can be sure Fluffs is keeping an eye on you, to the best of her ability. The study was published in the journal PLOS One. \n Answer: Dogs can read human actions and feelings.",
            "output": [
                "What does the study mentioned in this passage show?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4110def3af304c16b3c9e2d323f4fc52",
            "input": "Article: Recently, many shoppers chose to avoid the crazy crowds and do their holiday shopping from the comfort of their computer.Sales at online stores gained by more than 15%, making it the biggest season ever.But people are also returning those purchases at record rates, up 8% from last year. What went wrong? Is the shadow of the global financial crisis making it harder to accept excessive addiction? Or that people shop more impulsively  --and therefore make bad decisions --when online? Both arguments are seemingly reasonable.However, there is a third factor: a question of touch.We can love (lie look but, in an online environment, we cannot feel the quality of a texture  , the shape of the fit, the fall of a fold or, for that matter, the weight of an earring.And physically interacting with an object makes you more committed to your purchase. When my most recent book Brandwashed was released, I joined up with a local bookstore to conduct an experiment about the difference between the online and offline shopping experience.I carefully instructed a group of volunteers to promote my book in two different ways.The first was a fairly hands-off approach.Whenever a customer would ask about my book, the volunteer would take them over to the shelf and point to it.Out of 20 such requests, six customers made the purchase. The second option also involved going over to the shelf but, this time, removing the book and then holding onto it for just an extra moment before placing it in the customer's hands.Of the 20 people who were handed the book, 13 ended up buying it.Just physically passing the book showed a big difference in sales.Why? We feel something similar to a sense of ownership when we hold things in our hand.That's why we establish connection by greeting strangers and friends with a handshake.In this case, having to then let go of the book after holding it might produce a sense of loss, and motivate us to make the purchase even more. A recent study also showed the power of touch, in this case when it came to traditional mail.A deeper and longer-lasting impression of a message was formed when delivered ill a letter, as opposed to receiving the same message online.Brain images showed that, on touching the paper, the emotional center of the brain was activated, thus forming a stronger bond.The study also indicated that once touch becomes part of the process, it could translate into a sense of possession.  This sense of ownership is simply not part of the situation in the online shopping experience. \n Answer: It is more comfortable and convenient.",
            "output": [
                "Why do people prefer shopping online according to the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f67e362295b423ba54883c60b42d191",
            "input": "Article: BEIJING -- The launch of a new manned space mission brings China closer to the establishment of a permanent space station, international experts say. Chinese taikonauts, Jing Haipeng, 50, and Chen Dong, 37, were _ into space onboard Shenzhou-11 at 7:30 am Monday and will spend 30 days in the Chinese space laboratory Tiangong-2.The launch marks a key step toward China's plan to eventually operate a permanent space station. The successful launch of the Shenzhou-11 spacecraft is another step forward to put China among leading players in space technology, said Alexander Zheleznyakov, a Russian expert on history of space flights. China's experimental space lab will help provide solutions for spacecraft of different functions to approach and anchor, and for a long-term operation of life support system, said Zheleznyakov. Shenzhou-11 is scheduled to anchor on Wednesday with Tiangong-2, which is part of China's plan to build a permanent space station by 2022. China can now test technologies for cargo spacecraft anchoring, life support system operation and water recycling to ensure a long-term continuous operation of its space station in the future with less dependence on renewal from the Earth, he said. If all goes well, China will launch the unpiloted Tianzhou-1 cargo ship next spring to autonomously tie up with Tiangong-2. Tianzhou-1 will be capable of automatically transferring rocket fuels, a vital requirement for space station grouping and maintenance, according to a report by Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS). \"That will further their anchoring abilities needed for the larger space station,\" Johnson Freese was quoted.\" Tiangong-2 is supposed to be able to stay in orbit for two years or longer, so that's taking them (Chinese) really close to 2019 or so. I think this will be their last big technology test phase before going to their large space station,\" said Freese. \n Answer: To replace the space lab Tiankong-2.",
            "output": [
                "Why did China launch Shenzhou-11 into space?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f81eb46bb5141debd42bd9a1d2607a2",
            "input": "Article: Finding a suitable place to live is not easy for a student who first arrived in a strange place . I was lucky because I had booked a dormitory with the school before I arrived .. I t was a flat with seven independent rooms and a shared bathroom and kitchen . all of my flatmates are all students form Britain . I thought I was lucky to be part of this flat with these energetic young men . However , I found myself unhappy with them only a few days after I stayed there . These young people seemed never to be quiet . Usually they would not come back until late into the night .They even played football in the room whenever they like , whether _ was early morning or late night . Worse still , they always had parties . Those loud music and laughter made me sleepless the whole night . Finally , I had no choice but to ask the authority to move me to another flat where most of the students were international students pursuing their master degrees . They were older in age and hold heavier study burden . So they were quieter . My advice for those who want to study in the UK is to get in touch with the international student accommodation service of your school first and tell them to arrange for you to share a flat with graduates before you come here. \n Answer: They went to bed too late and got up too early .",
            "output": [
                "What was the trouble while living with the British students?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-31e76e1e6a7442b48ae4038c8dd07397",
            "input": "Article: The first ancient Olympic Games for which we still have written records were held in 776 BC. Coroebus won the only event at the Olympics. This made him the first Olympic champion in history. Then the Olympic Games developed and continued to be held every four years. In 393 AD, the Roman Emperor Theodosius I, a Christian, put a stop to the Games.  In 1892, a young Frenchman named Pierre de Coubertin suggested starting the Olympic Games again but failed. Two years later, Coubertin organized a meeting with 79 people representing nine countries. At this meeting he got what he wanted. All the delegates at the meeting voted for the Olympic Games. They also decided to have Coubertin found an international committee   to organize the Games. This committee became the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and Demetrious Vikelas from Greece was chosen to be its first president. Athens was chosen for the revival   of the Olympic Games and the planning began. The first modern Olympic Games opened in the first week of April, 1896. Since the Greek government didn't have enough money to build a stadium, a wealthy Greek man, Georgios Averoff, donated over $100,000 to repair the Panathenaic Stadium built in 330 BC.Since the Games were not well publicized   internationally, athletes were not nationally chosen but rather came by themselves. Some athletes were tourists who happened to be in the area during the Games. \n Answer: There was only one event in it.",
            "output": [
                "What can we know about the first Olympic Games?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1268a9549afb490e8a7ef8fd8082e5fc",
            "input": "Article: A man wakes up with a big hangover  the morning after attending his company's annual Summer Party. He can't even remember how he got home from the party, let alone how he got so drunk and is deathly afraid of what he may have done or said the night before to make his wife angry. The man forces his eyes open and the first things he sees are two headache tablets next to a glass of water on his table, and, next to them, a single red rose! He sits up with difficulty and sees his clothing hung on the back of his chair all clean and pressed and the rest of the house all in perfect order. Incredulous , the man takes the tablets and sees a black eye looking back at him from the bathroom mirror. Then he finds a note next to the red rose on the table, \"Sweetie, breakfast is waiting for you on the stove. I left early to buy the cooking materials to make your favorite dinner tonight. I love you, darling! \" The note was signed, \"Your loving wife.\" The man then walks into the kitchen. His daughter Jessie is at the table, eating. \"Jessie...what happened last night?\" The man asks, with great fear. \"Well, you came home around four o'clock in the morning, drunk and out of your mind. You tripped and fell onto the coffee table and broke it, and got this black eye when you crashed into the table's edge.\" Puzzled, the man asks Jessie, \"Then why is there a rose on my table and breakfast on the stove waiting for me?\" \"Oh that,\" Jessie replies, \"well, Mom pulled you into your bedroom, and when she tried to undress you, you yelled, 'Leave me alone; I'm married and I love my wife!'\" \n Answer: He fell over and crashed into the table.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the man have a black eye?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-37455822c2c54450b7b0ba79ecbac249",
            "input": "Article: A few years ago,my friend Al won the lottery. It changed his life. He did not have a rich family. He was not born with a silver spoon in his mouth. Instead,my friend was always hard up for cash. He did not have much money. And the money he did earn was chicken feed -- very little. Sometimes Al even had to accept handouts,gifts from his family and friends. But do not get me wrong. My friend was not a deadbeat. He was not the kind of person who never paid the money he owed. He simply _ pennies. He was always very careful with the money he spent. In fact,he was often a cheapskate. He did not like to spend money. The worst times were when he was flat broke and had no money at all. One day,Al scraped together a few dollars for a lottery ticket. He thought he would never strike it rich or gain lots of money unexpectedly. But his combination of numbers was chosen and he won the lottery. He hit the jackpot. He won a great deal of money. Al was so excited. The first thing he did was buy a costly new ear. He splurged on the one thing that he normally would not buy. Then he started spending money on unnecessary things. He started to waste it. It was like he had money to burn. He had more money than he needed and it was burning a hole in his pocket so he spent it quickly. When we got together for a meal at a restaurant,Al paid every time. He would always foot the bill,and pick up the tab. He told me the money made him feel like a million dollars. He was very happy. But,Al spent too much money. Soon my friend was down and out again. He had no money left. He was back to being strapped for cash. He had spent his bottom dollar, his very last amount. He did not even build up a nest egg. He had not saved any of the money. I admit I do feel sorry for my friend. He had enough money to live like a king. Instead,he is back to living on a shoestring--a very low budget. Some might say he is penny wise and pound foolish. He is wise about small things,but not about important things. \n Answer: He regretted spending money for a lottery ticket.",
            "output": [
                "How did Al feel at first after he bought a lottery ticket?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7f2fcf0929084b48bbee8d3728a65f74",
            "input": "Article: Owning pet birds is not just feeding them when necessary. You have to be very responsible if you have decided to keep birds as pets. If you really want to acquire a companion, think in advance whether you are able to handle it. Depending on what pet bird you are going to have and how big it is, the cost is different. For example, the cost of a comfortable cage, the cost for nutritional food and the money for some additional things should be taken into consideration. There are also some unexpected cost. For example, when your pet bird gets sick, you have to send for a vet  . You may think that you do not have free time to have a dog so you'd better have a pet bird because it doesn't require a lot of attention. You are wrong! Some people even do not have time for a short sleep. They will not have enough time for pets, either. For good bird health it is very important to handle them and play with them as much as you can. Also there are a lot of people who think that birds do not require a lot of space and they are wrong again. They also need to fly so if you do not have space for it, you'd better reconsider the things.  But do not forget the great advantage of having a pet bird. In the animal kingdom, birds rank near the top when it comes to smarts. You can have a friend for life if you take good care of it. It's a real character and can bring joy and colour in your home. \n Answer: Different types of pets for different people.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-dc662c51889346eaab13e0ce93e5d45b",
            "input": "Article: In late March,Southwest University became the first school in China to open a 24-hour hotline providing suicide-prevention counseling.         College suicide is a heart-breaking and argumentative topic.Chinese college students have long been the focus of public attention:their youth,education and,most importantly, bright futures make them the envy of society.     However, in recent years,we've read more reports of student suicides.Perhaps that's  simply because of society's attention with youth.But it could also signify the increasing troubled mental state of college students.     Many studies have sought to find out the causes of student suicides.Not surprisingly, the top factors usually include psychological and physical sickness,emotional trouble and peer pressure. Despair about their futures is also quickly becoming a leading factor:Many students say they feel hopeless and confused about the direction of their careers in a crowded job market.         Thankfully, more and more universities and colleges are providing counseling services to address students'mental and psychological problems.These at least offer some comfort to students facing tough job prospects and personal difficulties.   From appointing in-house student counselors to setting up hotlines and recruiting students to help their troubled peers.many universities are making efforts to fight student depression.There is no denying that much remains to be done,but such efforts are already working,helping students and saving lives.      However, the most important front in this battle lies with the students themselves.Whatever efforts school officials make,it is up to students to realize their problems and ask help.Unfortunately, many students considering suicide refuse to seek help.By shutting themselves away, they can easily fall into vicious cycles ,becoming ever more vulnerable to.personal difficulties and the pressures of the outside world.          While establishing better on-campus psychological education and outreach programs are a step forward,students themselves must actively reach out for help.These dangers are a reality for every student not only those who feel confused and depressed. \n Answer: All of the above.",
            "output": [
                "Why are there so many students that commit suicide?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4ccaa3d4a40b49fd9685fc2fd880d24a",
            "input": "Article: It's a nightmare for Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST): within a week, two students committed suicide by jumping off dorm buildings. Officials from the university are reluctant  to give interviews. \"We had a hard time calming down students who were shocked at the suicides,\" said Zhang Jingyuan, head of HUST's center for research and guidance for students' development. \"Media coverage  may arouse some students' negative emotions again. Suicide can be contagious ,\" Zhang said. The university reacted promptly to the first suicide on October 23. Advisors and class leaders conducted dorm-to-dorm checks to find students suffering depression. Then psychologists offered one-on-one counseling to them. Notice boards publicizing tips for identifying peers' mental problems and offering help were set up in front of dorm buildings. Leaflets  carrying similar information were handed out to each dorm. However, the second suicide came seven days later. Both students were described as men of few words. Their schoolmates didn't see anything to indicate suicide. Zhang revealed that the two students had been bothered by mental disorders. But the school didn't know this until the students' close friends outside school and their parents unveiled  the truth after the suicides. According to Zhang, there are only three full-time counselors  working in the university's counseling center for its 60,000 students. He complained: \"It's unrealistic to rely only on counselors to detect students' mental problems.\" Some universities in the US may be able to offer solutions to Zhang's worries. They have established programs to train students to be the bridge between troubled friends and counselors. At Worcester Polytechnic Institute, at Worcester, Massachusetts, US, young people in the Student Support Network role play to learn how to detect SOS signals from their schoolmates. They also practice how to gently persuade emotionally troubled students to go for professional help. To develop such empathy , many universities in China have organized campus events to popularize knowledge about mental health. But these are not that attractive to students. Ke Juanjuan, 24, is pursuing a master's degree in English translation at HUST. Ke has found that few of her peers will pay attention to activities about mental health when they are not troubled by it. Rather than bombard students with the words \"mental health\", Ke suggested the school organize lectures and workshops concerning study, job-hunting and relationships. She explained: \"Students care about these topics. They tend to have problems in these areas and may thus get stuck in depression. \"By helping students better deal with these problems, the school can effectively prevent self-inflicted injury and suicide among students.\" Effective prevention comes from long-term education for life instead of temporary intervention  to meet an emergency, said Hu Yi'an. Hu delivers a course of lectures on life and death at Guangzhou University. He worries that universities have paid little attention to education for life. \"Education for life helps students respect and love life so they won't resort  to ending their lives when they have difficulties,\" said Hu. According to Hu, the principles can be incorporated  into everyday teaching. \n Answer: Campus",
            "output": [
                "In which column of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1501c096e40846198d584ae8fd1d422f",
            "input": "Article: My mother fought cancer for almost a decade and died at 56. She held out long enough to meet the first of her grandchildren and to hold him in her arms. But my other children will never have the chance to know her and experience how loving and gracious she was. We often speak of \"Mommy's mommy,\" and I find myself trying to explain the illness that took her away from us. They have asked if the same could happen to me. I have always told them not to worry, but the truth is that I carry a \"faulty\" gene, BRCA1, which sharply increases my risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian  cancer. My doctors estimated that I had an 87 percent risk of breast cancer and a 50 percent risk of ovarian cancer, although the risk is different in the case of each woman. Once I knew that this was my reality, I decided to be proactive and to minimize the risk as much as I could. I started with the breasts, as my risk of breast cancer is higher than my risk of ovarian cancer, and the surgery is more complex. On April 27, I finished the three months of medical procedures. During that time I have been able to keep this private and to carry on with my work. But I am writing about it now because I hope that other women can benefit from my experience. Cancer is still a word that strikes fear into people's hearts, producing a deep sense of powerlessness. But today it is possible to find the way out through a blood test whether you are highly susceptible to breast and ovarian cancer, and then take action. My own process began on February 2. The operation took eight hours. Then I woke up with tubes in my breasts. It did feel like a scene out of a science-fiction film. But days after surgery I can be back to a normal life. There have been many advances in this procedure in the last few years, and the results can be beautiful. I wanted to write this to tell other women that the decision to have a surgery operation was not easy. But it is one I am very happy that I made. My chances of developing breast cancer have dropped from 87 percent to under 5 percent. I can tell my children that they don't need to fear they will lose me. It is a comfort that they see nothing that makes them scared. They can see my small scars and that's it. Everything else is just Mommy, the same as she always was. And they know that I love them and I will do anything to be with them as long as I can. On a personal note, I do not feel any less of a woman.  For any woman reading this, I hope it helps you to know you have options. I want to encourage every woman, especially if you have a family history of breast or ovarian cancer, to seek out the information and medical experts who can help you through this aspect of your life, and to make your own informed choices. I acknowledge that there are many wonderful holistic doctors working on alternatives to surgery. My own regimen  will be posted in due course on the Web site of the Pink Lotus Breast Center. I hope that this will be helpful to other women. I choose not to keep my story private because there are many women who do not know that they might be living under the shadow of cancer. It is my hope that they, too, will be able to get gene tested, and that if they have a high risk they, too, will know that they can take measures. Life comes with many challenges. The ones that should not scare us are the ones we can take on and take control of. \n Answer: Because her breast have a higher risk of developing cancer.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer decide to have an operation on her breasts first?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-12ce3816ba7a421e899aa04639a17a9e",
            "input": "Article: George Prochnik would like the world  _ . He makes his case in a new book. Listening for meaning in a World of Noise. Here he explain himself (using his voice);      \"We've become so accustomed to noise, there's almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial, if you tell someone to be quiet ,you sound like an old man. But it's never been important to find continuing quiet. Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.\" \"We need to excite people about the sounds you start to hear, if you merely quiet things down a little. During a Japanese tea ceremony ,the smallest sounds become a kind of art the spoons making a light ringing sound on a bowl, the edges of a kimono brushing against the floor. \"Deaf people are very attentive in almost every aspect of life. If two deaf people are walking together, using sign language, they constantly watch out for each other and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other. They are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings. Even deaf teenagers! We in the hearing world can learn from them. If we remove the powerful blasts of noise .we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us---of little soft sounds and the sound of footsteps, of bind songs and ice cracking . It's astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen..\" \n Answer: We do not believe lasting peace to be available",
            "output": [
                "What does Proehnik say about us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b382b58997c4ac1808c065c7d902e8d",
            "input": "Article: For more than two days in September 1974, the people of Honduras shut their windows, locked their doors and covered in their homes. Fifi was outside, and they were frightened. By the time Fifi had left, 8,000 people were dead, Fifi wasn't a pet dog as the name suggests. It was a hurricane, one of the most destructive natural phenomena in the world. Why do we give human names to storms and hurricanes? We didn't always. Two hundred years ago, many hurricanes in the Caribbean were named after the saint's day on which the storm occurred. Later, storms were known by the name of the city where they came ashore. Meteorologists   then tried naming storms after the latitude   and longitude   where they occurred. Finally, in 1953, hurricanes started getting people's names --specifically, female names. Male names were added in 1979. There are six sets of names for what the experts call \"Atlantic tropical cyclones\"( ). Each list is used every six years and consists of 21 names, starting with every letter but Q, U, X, Y ,Z. the names alternate  between male and female. A storm won't get a name until its winds reach 39 mph or about 62.4 kph, at which point it becomes a tropical storm. At 74 mph or 118.4 kph it's declared a hurricane. The 126 names on the list are used only for storms that form off the Atlantic coast of the US. There are separate lists for the Pacific. So what happens if a hurricane should cross from the Atlantic to the Pacific? It's happened before. The storm just gets a new name and sometimes a new sex. Max Mayfield is the director of the National Hurricane Centre, headquartered in Miami, Florida. He is in charge of picking new names for storms off the Atlantic coast. He doesn't do it alone, though. His _ in two dozen other countries in the Caribbean, Central America and North America vote on what names will replace retired names. \n Answer: Fifi was formed off the Pacific.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f7c633272a24ff695f28e2f96ed8151",
            "input": "Article: There have always been a lot of commonly believed but exercise. Some people believe that they can't help putting on hold that if they stop exercising, their muscles will turn into fat. Here are some more myths: false ideas about being fat and doing weight as they get older, while others I'll never lose weightI come from a fat family Wrong! While we can't change the body type we are bom with, we can't blame our genes for making us fat. There's plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families, and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little. I am fat because I burn calories slowly Wrong! Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism . In fact, although fat people consume more energy than slim people,they also fail to realize how much they eat! Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately. Exercise is boring Wrong! Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively. The key is to develop a balanced and varied program thafs fun as well as progressive. If you enjoy a Sunday walk,take a different route. If you do yoga,try a tai chi class. If you like swimming, set yourself a distance or time challenge. No pain, no gain Wrong! Exercise is not meant to hurt. Indeed, pain is your body telling you something's wrong, and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury. You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly, but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly. If they don't, rest and seek medical advice. \n Answer: It is the consequence of people's unbalanced lifestyle.",
            "output": [
                "What does the author think about being fat?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e44934278cd4212a0a840168e91b5c0",
            "input": "Article: A blog can be a very effective way of spreading the words about yourself, and your other writing. It can _ your knowledge, and create an ongoing relationship with your readers. A good blog is more than just a marketing tool; it's also an expression of your personality. An obvious starting point is to post samples of your work that not only show off your skills and writing ability but also leave people wanting more. Post elections from the most exciting parts of your stories but end them just as the action reaches its peak. If you write nonfiction  , show people what they could achieve, and give them a few steps to get them started. Give tips, information and advice about the subjects you cover. For example, something about struggling with difficulty and many other issues like this. Your writing tips can also be included, as well as interesting, strange or funny things you discovered during your research. Whenever you contact an expert, ask if he or she has any interesting stories you could use. You many also give background information about your stories and locations Give details of coming posts on your blog, so people can watch out for you, or come and meet you. Personal news will help people feel better connected to you Include photos of objects and locations in your writing, famous people you meet, the views from your window, and your favorite things - with a note about where they came from and what they mean to you. Look out for things that will help your readers get to know you better, know the subject better, or anything else you think they might find useful, inspiring or entertaining. If you only occasionally post things on your blog, people have a tendency to forget you. As a writer you shouldn't ever run out of interesting materials to fill your blog with --and your readers will love you for it. \n Answer: What to Blog about",
            "output": [
                "Which is the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-867db9d479ef4c57a9e136f584d80420",
            "input": "Article: Pingyao, in the center of Shanxi Province, is a famous historic cultural city of China and a world cultural heritage site  . It's 90 kilometers south of Taiyuan on the Fen River. People lived in Pingyao during the New Stone Age. Its long period as a country government seat has left Pingyao with lots of historic buildings and sites, with a 2,700-year history. Ninety-nine of _ are under government protection, including Zhengguo Temple, Shuanglin Temple and Pingyao Ancient City. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, businessmen organized commercial   groups that did business nationwide. Shanxi Province had some of the most important ones and Pingyao was their center. In 1823, a store, known as Rishengchang(Sunrise Prosperity), traded in bank checks rather than in silver or gold coins. It was the beginning of modern Chinese banking. Branch banks were soon set up in major cities in China and other parts of Asia, leading to great development in Pingyao. Its Lacquer ware   became well known. In Pingyao Ancient City are many traditional houses and commercial buildings, 3,797 of which are protected and more than 400 of which are in good condition. Not only do the houses in Pingyao show Shanxi's history and culture, but this large number is valuable for studying its history, customs, and ancient buildings and art. Most of these houses are still used as homes and shops of local people. In 1997, Ancient Pingyao City was listed in World Heritage List as \" World Culture Heritage Site\". \n Answer: Its tourism.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following about Pingyao is NOT mentioned in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a9c8f7a4a9c347849055feca1aab0937",
            "input": "Article: In June 2008,Benita Grist was driving in her hometown of Mississauga as a passenger in the car ahead threw a paper cup out of the window.When Grist horned to express her displeasure, the passenger responded by throwing out a bag. Instead of annoyed, she decided to do something about it.She organized a one woman litterawareness campaign.She started small,chatting with her neighbors about litter--and asking them to be more conscious of any tendencies they might have to litter.Soon,she noticed local families, kids and all--picking up litter around their homes.\"I thought,that's all it took--for me to open my mouth?\" she says.\"So I decided to knock on more doors.\" And she didn't stop there.She approached people on the street,in malls,even in the waiting room before getting an X ray. Grist often started her appeal with something such as,\"I hope you don't think I'm crazy,but...\" Yet she was _ by the positive response--so much so that in August 2008, she began to contact officials in various levels of government, companies and other institutions in an effort to reach a wider audience. Through a local Mac's Convenience Store,Grist managed to contact the company that produces content displayed on their in store monitors.That led to a public service announcement about litter that ran in almost 600 Mac's stores in Ontario from November 2008 to June 2009. Grist continues to explore every opportunity she has to get the message out.Her grassroots campaign may be different,but she has begun to open people's eyes about the problem of litter.And thanks to her efforts,in Mississauga,at least,they have begun to do just that. \n Answer: She chatted with her neighbors.",
            "output": [
                "How did Benita Grist start her campaign?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3f196213c80a43b284edfdecb443433d",
            "input": "Article: Harper Lee, whose 1961 novelTo Kill a Mockingbirdon the racial troubles of the American deep south, has died at the age of 89. Until last year, Lee had been _ .To kill a Mockingbirdsold more than 40 million copies around the world and earned her a Pulitzer prize, remaining a towering presence in American literature. Another novel,Go Set A Watchman, was controversially published in July 2015 as a \"sequel\" to Mockingbird, though it was later confirmed to be Mockingbird's first draft. But from the moment Mockingbird was published to almost instant success, the author consistently avoided public attention. Lee had lived for several years in a nursing home near the house in which she had grown up in Monroeville, Alabama--the setting for _ of her famous book. Her neighbor for 40 years, Sue Sellers, said, \"She was such a private person. All she wanted was privacy, but she didn't get much. There was always somebody following her around.\" James Naughtie, BBC Books Editor, commented on the novels of Harper Lee: \"I think she stands, particularly among American readers, as someone who shone a light into a very dark place. She was writing at a time when people were beginning to lift the lid on everything in the South which they'd chosen not to understand. That all changed in the 1960s. So I think her status for writing that book in its extraordinarily direct way will remain. \n Answer: Unconcerned.",
            "output": [
                "Which best describes Americans' attitude towards racial troubles before the 1960s?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69f15790782d4357bef710100ae9226b",
            "input": "Article: World Reading Day was set up by the UNESCO in 1995 to encourage people, especially teenagers, to discover the pleasure of reading. It is also the day to honor great writers, for example, William Shakespeare, born or dead on that day. Many countries celebrated World Reading Day. Take the UK as an example, on that day, millions of schoolchildren can buy book of special price, a much lower price than usual, in any bookstore. It has been done every year since 1998. World Reading Day 2010 in the UK will take place on Thursday 4th March. Please note that this date applies to the UK and Ireland only. The goal is so well set in schools there that they want to make sure that the Day happens in term time to really make the most of this opportunity to celebrate books and reading. Most other countries hold World Reading Day on 23 rd April every year. World Reading Day is also celebrated in China. Chinese former premier Wen Jiabao, an avid reader, does lots of reading every day though he is very busy. On World Reading Day 2009 he encouraged citizens to do more reading. Wen suggested that young people should spend more time reading. \"Books cannot change the world, but people can change the world by changing themselves through reading.\" Reading can benefit people a lot. Reading helps us to follow the latest developments of science and technology. Reading gives us information about other cultures and places of the world. Reading is also one of the most important ways to learn a foreign language like English. \"Reading makes a full man.\" (Bacon, 1597) Books, magazines, newspapers and other kinds of reading materials can help us to know more about the outside world and perfect us. Therefore, it is necessary for us to spend time on reading every day. \n Answer: Only since 1998 has the UK begun to celebrate it.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements about World Reading Day is TURE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-26a013b02a414abab5a06ed6f7aeab23",
            "input": "Article: In Western countries people have been using the installment  plan since the first half of the twentieth century. Today, a large number of families in Great Britain buy furniture, household goods and cars by installments .In the U.S., the figure is much higher than in Great Britain, and people there spend over 10 percent of their income on the installment plan. The price of an article bought on installments is always higher than the price that would be paid by cash. There is a charge for interest. The buyers pays one quarter or one third of the price as a down payment when the goods are delivered to him. He then makes regular payments, weekly or monthly, until the full price is paid up. The legal ownership of the goods remains with the seller until the final payment has been made. Installment buying has advantages and disadvantages. It can help couples with small incomes to furnish their homes and start housekeeping, It increases the demand for goods, and in this way helps business and employment. There is ,however, the danger that when business is bad, installment buying may end suddenly, making business much worse. This may result in a great increase in unemployment. If the people on the installment plan lose their jobs, they will probably not be able to make their payments. If great numbers of people are not able to pay their installment debts there is a possibility that businessmen cannot collect their debts and will therefore lose money. If businessmen lose money or fail to make a satisfactory profit, it becomes more likely to have a depression. This is why, in some countries, the government controls the installment plan by fixing the amount of the down payment to discourage people from buying more than they can pay for on the installment plan. \n Answer: The payment of installment buying is easier than buying by cash.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true about the installment plan?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e6720604c2204b9cbe7dfda520aa7aed",
            "input": "Article: I turned 16 on Friday, but the Driver's License Office in my small hometown was only open on Tuesday, so I had to wait through that extremely long weekend and an endless Monday before going in for my examination. I came to the Driver's License Office half an hour earlier _ , pacing back and forth on the worn porch waiting for the office to open at eight. I reviewed the driver's manual for the hundredth time. I was ready. I knew the manual backward and forward; I had made an \"A\" in my driver's training course, and I was a genius behind the wheel. Finally, the door opened and a weary-looking man in a brown uniform let me in. \"Let me guess. You want to take the driver's test.\" his voice was not enthusiastic. \"Yes!\" I answered in excitement. \"Ok, fill this out, and if you pass we'll go for a drive.\"  _ . A quick check showed that my paper was perfect. \"Let's get in the car.\" He tossed me a set of keys, and I slid behind the wheel. Everything was going smoothly as we pulled out of the empty parking lot. I signaled a right hand turn, and we were on a deserted street. This was going to be easy. \"Turn left and go up Young Blood Hill,\" he ordered. My hometown is in the mountains, and Young Blood Hill was almost vertical  . As I eased up the steep hill and came to a stop at the top, I heard the car's engine die. My heart sank. I would have to start it again without rolling back down the hill. I swallowed hard and turned the key; as I moved my foot from the brake, the car began to roll. I suppose I could have rolled all the way back to the bottom except for one thing. There was something behind me which stopped my roll with a rough shake and crash of glass--a police car. The policeman wrote me a ticket as I looked over the damage, and the man from the Driver's License Office slid behind the wheel. I waited until we had parked before I asked how long a person had to wait before taking the test again. \n Answer: It hit a police car.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't the car roll back to the bottom?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0a0559beeaa2436b9f2db53bf88af4aa",
            "input": "Article: New research has shown that loneliness may affect ants to a greater extent than many other living creatures. It has long been known that loneliness can lead to a shorter life. In humans, it has even been found to be a driver of high blood pressure, sleep disorder, and depression that's independent of factors like age, race, gender, weight and economic status. However, loneliness has never been identified as a factor that can cut human lifespan by more than a small part of the average. Ants, on the other hand, appear to be far more sensitive to this stress, with loneliness leading to a surprising 91 percent reduction in lifespan. That's at least according to a study that details how \"lonely\" ants only live up to six days on average. Ants living in a community, on the other hand, were found to live up to about 66 days. In a series of experiments where ants were picked from their colonies   and separated, they were found to continuously walk without rest,consuming far more energy than they could ever. The reason for the behavior is that an isolated ant is simple trying to get back to its colony at all costs, and doesn't know what to do without its nest mates. After all, many entomologists   would argue that an ant colony is far more a single living entity   than its members. If you were to take a single part from a clock, it would simply move aimlessly as well, running without a purpose. However, while there is a difference between aimlessness and loneliness, the researchers found that the latter affects lonely ants more directly. The study indicated that ants can't even eat alone, as they normally collect some of the food they gather in the field in a specialized organ called a crop.This crop is normally shared with other ants back at a nest,but as for a single ant, it simply just sits there, undigested and useless. \n Answer: It can cause him to suffer from poor health",
            "output": [
                "How does loneliness influence a person?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2fd98c656a0f43f7922f3bb1b5d685d9",
            "input": "Article: Cosmetic ( )  surgery is usually performed to correct a physical abnormality or to enhance an otherwise normal physical feature and thus improve appearance. Cosmetic surgery is an extremely broad field that may offer reconstructive surgery for a patient after a damaging burn or other physical injuries yet can also be used to smooth out wrinkles or reshape a nose. Cosmetic surgery was first used regularly after World War I, when treatment and reconstruction of war injuries gave hope to young soldiers. As recently as fifty years ago, as the rich and famous began opting for elective cosmetic surgery, the subject was whispered about and considered taboo. Celebrities  would disappear for months and then appear after secret cosmetic surgery looking younger, prettier, and thinner. Over time, cosmetic surgery has become accepted and even encouraged in some circles. Today there are even television reality shows about it. Some of the more popular forms of cosmetic surgery are liposuction( ), in which excessive fat is sucked out of the body with a tube and vacuum device; laser facial resurfacing, which smooths lines on the face around the eyes and mouth and eliminates facial  blemishes  ; and hair replacement surgery, which fills in balding areas using a patient's own hair. There are many more forms of cosmetic surgery, including variations of these.Anyone interested in cosmetic surgery should consider the risks and remember that it is, ultimately, surgery. Not all procedures come out exactly the way doctors and patients foresee, and recovery is just like any other surgery, complete with pain and the possibility of infection . While cosmetic surgery is an option, patients should choose doctors wisely,obtain several references, and keep realistic expectations. \n Answer: A person who wishes to get rid of headache.",
            "output": [
                "Which kind of person doesn't need a cosmetic surgery?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d7c05b31045c44ec8a413f9173d0bb6f",
            "input": "Article: Charlie Boswell has always been a great hero. He has encouraged thousands of people to rise above circumstances and live out true meaning of life. He was blinded during World War II while rescuing his friend from a tank that was under fire. He was a great athlete before the accident. In order to prove his talent and determination, he decided to try a brand new sport, a sport he never imagined playing, even with his eyesight--golf  ! Through determination and a deep love for the game he became the National Blind Golf Champion! He won that honor 13 times. One of his heroes was the great golfer Ben Hogan, so it truly was an honor for Charlie to win the Ben Hogan Award in 1958. Upon meeting Ben Hogan, Charlie was respectful and stated that he had one wish and it was to have one round of golf with the great Ben Hogan. Mr. Hogan agreed that playing a round together would be an honor for him as well, as he had heard about all of Charlie's accomplishments and truly admired his skills. \"Would you like to play for money, Mr. Hogan?\" asked out Charlie \"I can't play you for money, it wouldn't be fair!\" said Mr. Hogan. \"Aw, come on Mr. Hogan...$ 1,000 per hole!\" \"I can't, what would people think of me, taking advantage of you and your circumstance?\" replied the sighted golfer. \"Chicken, Mr. Hogan?\" \"Okay,\" replied the embarrassed Hogan, \"but I am going to play my best!\" \"I wouldn't expect anything else,\" said the confident Boswell. \"Now that you're on, Mr. Boswell, you name the time and the place!\" The very  _ Boswell responded, \"10 o'clock ... tonight!\" \n Answer: He thought it was unfair for Charlie.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't Mr. Hogan want to play Charlie for money?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-073c35bc44fb4ef5bb84e4e0fef1e6d0",
            "input": "Article: The World Health Organization recently reported that the number of cases of tuberculosis(TB) has been _ since 2006 . Also, fewer people are dying from TB. But a study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, says smoking could threaten this progress. Nearly twenty percent of all people use tobacco, and millions of non-smokers get sick from breathing the smoke. The new study predicts that smoking will produce an additional thirty-four million TB deaths by 2024. Efforts to control the spread of TB have mainly focused on finding and treating infections. Fewer efforts have been made to understand the causes. Dr Anthony Fauci is the director of the United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases. He said, \"Despite our control efforts, we still have more than a million people each year dying from TB and millions of people  getting infected; we realize it's still a very important problem. So we have to do the practical thing and we have to do the fundamental research things at the same time. \" Smoking does not cause TB; bacteria cause the infection. But the study says smoking affects the nervous system in a way that makes an inactive case of TB more likely to develop into an active one. Stanton Glantz is the director of the University of California's Centre for Tobacco Control Research and Education and an author of the new study. He says it shows that TB cannot be controlled unless tobacco use is controlled.  He said, \"It increases the number of people who will get TB by about seven percent.\" The study is described as the first to identify a direct link between tobacco use and rates of TB infection and death. Professor Glantz says the results should guide those creating health policies and TB control efforts. He said, \"If you want to control the infectious disease of TB, you have to control the tobacco industry and the tobacco industry's efforts to increase tobacco use, particularly in developing countries where TB is a big problem.\" \n Answer: Scientists pay more attention to TB deaths than before.",
            "output": [
                "What would be the beat title for this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-605aed1481bb444d90f161264e898c4f",
            "input": "Article: A handsome man can earn a fifth more than an average-looking colleague but a beautiful woman is not paid a penny more than her average-looking colleague, new research has shown. The study by senior economists found that being good-looking meant male workers could earn 22 percent more than average-looking colleagues. Researchers said good looks did not give women a similar advantage. Andrew Leigh, a former economics professor at the Australian National University who co-authored the report, said: \"Beauty can be a double-edged sword for women.\" \"Some people still believe good looks and intelligence are incompatible  in women, so a good-looking women can't be that productive, but it doesn't affect men's pay.\" He said that although he believed good-looking women may also earn more, the research did not support his theory. The research found that handsome men in all jobs, from manual labour to highly-paid professional careers, can earn 22 percent more than their colleagues doing the same work. Men with below-average looks face a battle in the office, with ugliness reducing a man's earnings by 26 percent compared to an average-looking worker. Former male model, Caitlan Mitchell, 28, who has a first class degree in history from Edinburgh University and now works for a cosmetics company, told theSunday Times:' It gives you confidence, and I suspect people tend to warm to you more quickly.\" The study, named Unpacking the Beauty Premium, was the largest exercise of its kind and repeated a survey from 1984 to see if the beauty premium  had changed. Leigh said the research showed people in the workplace were \"lookist \"and he hoped the findings would encourage employers to remove their prejudice. \n Answer: Handsome men have an advantage in their jobs.",
            "output": [
                "What has the research found?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0e0fa6e07cee4e2eaa9469319c4361b9",
            "input": "Article: Is this a car? Is it a smart phone? Is it a gaming machine? Yes to all three. The Toyota Fun-Vii is a pleasure palace on wheels. If Toyota has its way, paint jobs could become a thing of the past, because it has introduced an amazing car that can change its whole look in an instant. The Vii in Fun-Vii, which stands for \"Vehicle, Interactive, Internet\" It is a small three-seater car that looks like a smart phone, so it is called a smart phone on wheels.Inside and out, most aspects of the car can interact  with the internet and be controlled by a smart phone.The magical car allows the owners to download pictures from their phones onto the outside, so that the look of the car could be changed instantly.The color inside could also be changed to reflect the owner's mood.Just as the company president Akio Toyoda said, \"A car must appeal to our emotions.If it's not fun, it's not a car.\" Its outside and inside are not made of solid paint but touch screens that can display pictures and videos.A network update function downloads all the latest software to make sure the car is always up-to-date, and it can provide the latest entertainment as well as information about its surroundings to the driver.As you drive around, the thoughtful car allows you to communicate with your friends in the nearby cars.It also helps you find your way from one place to another. It's all because the car is networked with all the other cars on the road and drives itself. The smart car is a practical, family sized vehicle fuelled by hydrogen, and it is one of the futuristic concept cars under the theme of \"fun to drive, again\".It heralds   a not-too-distant future where people, cars and society are linked. \n Answer: Smart.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may not be a key word for the concept car?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f800bd24d9df42c1bb9a9c30f04d41bf",
            "input": "Article: Shanghai ---- More Shanghai people are renting cars to travel over the coming National Day holiday, Tom reported today. Most cars in large local car-rental companies such as Yongda,Anji and Dazhong are rented so far with the Buick Sport Utility Vehicle(SUV)in great need. Santana and Jetta were the most popular car models rented by Shanghai people for travel last year,while the high-end Buick models have attracted more people this year. However,the rent on a Buick GL or GS model is between 650 yuanand 750yuana day,nearly double that of Santana or Jetta cars. Compared with Santana,Buick looks better,which has greater capabilities  and is safer and more comfortable,said a car renter.\" I don't mind paying a higher cost for a Buick to enjoy the holiday,\"he said. SUV cars are very popular in the car renting market, according to some car-rental firms. \"All the 31 Buick GL&SUV cars were rented out several days ago,\" said a manager in the Shanghai Yongda Car Rental Co. Local people would like to go travel with as groups of friends,so SUV cars are a better choice,said an industry analyst. Moreover, SUV cars are safer on rough roads,the analyst said. According to the data,most people rented cars for seven days,a lesser number rented them for two or three days. \n Answer: More Shanghai People Rent Cars for Holidays.",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5220209fea9241f0ba0b183e23b0b2ff",
            "input": "Article: Many American youngsters earn their own allowance by doing temporary jobs for their neighbors. Babysitting is one of the common of these jobs. Most couples do not have maids or relatives living with them, and they need to have someone watch the children if they want to go out. Another way is by mowing lawn in summer and clearing snow from sidewalks and driveways in winter. Many people mow their own lawns,but often people prefer to give the job to a neighbor's child. In winter, snow clearing from streets and highways is the government's responsibility. Homeowners or tenants, however, must clear sidewalks and driveways. Since clearing snow is very tiring, many people prefer to hire teenagers for this job rather than do it themselves. Besides, many American teenagers usually work two to three hours after school and all day on Saturday or Sunday at the local supermarket. They work as cashiers or stockroom clerks. Or they help customers carry things to their cars. Other favorite jobs are waiting on tables in restaurants or working part-time at stores or gas stations. By earning their own allowance,teenagers acquire a feeling of independence and a sense of responsibility which prepares them for a productive life in society. \n Answer: By doing some housework for the family.",
            "output": [
                "How do American youngsters earn their allowance? Which one is NOT one of the ways?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-66a5938aeb63449cbfced444e0f3e673",
            "input": "Article: Not so long ago, a sailor sailing across the cold waters of the northern Pacific Ocean might have had every chance of being confronted by a sea cow. This cow would have measured 10 meters long, and weighed between five and ten tones. And it would spend most of its day cruising the seas, eating grass growing underwater. The cow in question was known as Steller's sea cow, which is now extinct. Today, many people are unaware that such an extraordinary creature once existed, or don't know its incredible story. But scientists have discovered many fundamental facts about this mystical animal. Surprisingly, the first recorded sighting of a Steller's sea cow didn't happen until 1741, when a sailing expedition was stuck on an uninhabited island, later named Bering Island. The sailor survived by hunting and eating the huge sea cow. Like its modern relatives, the sea cow lived in herds. _ and its slow-moving behaviour made it easy to be caught. Those sailors that escaped Bering Island spread word of the bounty  of meat to be found off its shores. As a result, more and more expeditions came to hunt the animals. One report stated that one sea cow could feed 33 men for a month. Incredibly, just 27 years after the island and species had been discovered by modern man, the last sea cow was reported killed. That makes the Steller's sea cow one of the few truly large mammals known to have been driven extinct in the modern age. \n Answer: Huge.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following words can be used to describe the Steller's sea cow?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-398d0c41af41435584f8bbf571b262ba",
            "input": "Article: Recently, the documentary \"A Bite of China\", which takes the fine foods as the theme, has beaten many TV series, becoming extremely popular on the microblog and turning into the hottest topic. Chinese people are proud of the great food culture of China and some even praise the documentary by saying that \"it is a best video that arouses our great love of our country\". Produced by Chen Xiaoqing, an award-winning documentary maker, \"A Bite of China\" is filled with mouthwatering images of food ranging from royal cooking to local specialties. It focuses on the beautiful and simplified process of food making and attracts food lovers and ordinary audiences. \"Television is filled with food these days, especially introductions by some professional cooks, even famous TV hosts. We also have some scenes of food-making, but how to create dishes is only one aspect of food culture,\" Chen says.  \"The program tries to bring something new by presenting more cultural elements related to dishes, such as eating habits and eating principles,\" be adds. Each series lasts 50 minutes. Every series will focus on different people, who will tell stories about their adventures with food. \"A Bite of China\" also focuses on social changes while presenting food cultures, such as the dispersion of families that leave the elderly in their hometowns while other members work outside. In such cases food serves as reminders of happy times and expectations of reunions. \n Answer: The documentary usually lasts fifty minutes.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the foliowing statements is NOT true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6f847dd9869e4312801cab084b734dc5",
            "input": "Article: This US competition is for camping related articles in which you share your tips, advice, experience, etc. Closing: When we've received 100 articles -- so you'd better be quick. Prizes: $100,$75,$25 -- all in VISA Gift Cards. How to enter our writing competition In your own words, write an article on a camping topic such as: how to's, reviews, tips and advice, or any topic camping related.The best articles will include useful information about camping, in an interesting and well-written way.Remember that it should be no less than 200 words. Other requirements 1.Fill in all the information required, including your article, on our webpage CampTrip.com and then submit it. 2.You must be 16 years old or over to take part in the competition. 3.You must be a student who is now studying in the US. And what's in it for you? We are giving out a VISA Gift Card for first, second and third best articles.Simply share your experience with others and try to win a VISA cash card.The writing competition is limited to 100 articles which gives you a better chance of writing.So why don't you take up this chance? \n Answer: It has only one kind of prize for the winners.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the competition?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-870b836d6fc1442091ecabe3f0d73b5d",
            "input": "Article: Dear Mom and Dad, I'm afraid I have some very bad news for you. I have been very naughty and the school master is very angry with me. She is going to write to you. You must come and take me away from here. She does not want me in the school any longer. The trouble started last night when I was smoking a cigarette in bed. As I was smoking, I heard footsteps coming towards the room .I did not want a teacher to catch me smoking, so I threw the cigarette away. Unfortunately, the cigarette fell into the waste--paper basket. It caught fire. There was a curtain near the waste --paper basket. It caught fire too. Soon the whole room was burning. The master phoned the fire brigade . The school is a long way from the town and before the fire brigade arrived, the whole school was on fire. The master said that the fire was all my fault and I must pay for the damage. She will send you a bill for about a million dollars. I'm very sorry for this. Much love Sarah \n Answer: He told his parents what he had done in school.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Sarah write to his parents?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-df3fd16696184290bf576a27a50c88b1",
            "input": "Article: It pays to be smart. We are not all smart in the same way. Youmaybe a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader . Each of us is different . Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligence .Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologistssupport their view with research that concludes that people who dowell on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words , numbers or pictures. They do well on individual orgroup tests , and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test , do the same on all tests . Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence . The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence resultfrom differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain . Howard Gardner , a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education , has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists , he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds ofproblems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences . \n Answer: How to understand intelligence .",
            "output": [
                "What does the text mainly talk about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2b38e6e16a594f909ba45050b674aef9",
            "input": "Article: It's only 4 hours flying time from Sydney, but a world away. What better place to rest than a country where the only place people hurry is on the football field and things are done in \"Fiji time\"? Viti Levu - Great Fiji - is the largest island. Here you'll find the capital Suva and the international airport at Nadi. Vatoa, on the other hand, is a tiny island in the farthest part of Fiji. Then there are 331 other islands, many of them with places to stay. Whit less than a million people living on islands, you'll never feel crowded. And with a climate  that changes only for five degrees between seasons, there's never a bad time to come. From cities to villages, from mountains to beaches, from water sports to wooden artworks, Fiji can give you more adventures and special experiences than you could find almost anywhere in the world. Whenever you come, wherever you go, you're sure to see some unforgettable events. From war dances to religious  songs. From market days to religious days. It's not just staged for tourists; it's still a part of everyday life in Fiji. And any one of us can enjoy Fiji's spirit by being part of the traditional  sharing of yaqona, a drink made from the root of a Fiji plant. So why not join us for the experience of a life me? \n Answer: On the island of Viti Levu.",
            "output": [
                "Where is the international airport of Fiji?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1b44591a1f524537b9a45898eac2da62",
            "input": "Article: New Way to Experience Dentistry Have you ever had your hand held during a dental procedure you feel uneasy about? What about a dental office that mimics  the spirit of Disneyland? If you're looking for a dental office that provides the best care and the best environment, you're looking for Dr.Licking's office in Sunnyvale. Officer manager Judy, who has worked with Dr.Licking for 38 years, speaks highly of his kindness.She believes that the office is \"the Disneyland of dentistry\".Everyone from children to their grandparents loves the environment and care they receive from this welcoming office. Dr.Licking is known as the best dental care provider for anyone who fears facing appointments with the dental office.The staff goes out of their way to make patients feel comfortable and at ease.Dr.Licking and Judy set the standard with their saying, \"when someone comes to your home, you stand up and welcome them, like an old family friend.\" Dr.Licking's office has all.They recently relocated to put the new equipment into their practice.The office is equipped with an intra-oral video camera, and as a patient you can get pictures of your teeth as you're walking out the door. Setting himself apart from other dentists, Dr.Licking continues his education beyond what is required.For this reason, he is one of few dentists in the country who offers ozone treatment.Ozone can naturally stop decay   in its tracks.For more information on this new technology, visit their website at www.drjohnlicking.com. Dr.Licking's office is Diamond Certified, an honor given only to companies with the higher quality after extensive and continual research.Dr.Licking's office extends an invitation to you to meet their gentle staff and offers you a free office visit, including x-rays and an exam. The office holds extended hours ranging from 7 a.m.to 8 p, m., Monday through Thursday.Don't worry if you have an emergency.Dr.Licking's office responds to all emergencies and urgent calls. JOHN LICKING, D.D.S. Cosmetic & Family Dentistry since 1970 408--736--6235 drjohnlicking.com 877 W.Fremont Ave.Suite C3, Sunnyvale \n Answer: It has a caring environment.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about the dental office?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8f0810cb9fc840f7841356fddb64b2a7",
            "input": "Article: BEIJING - Astronomers have defended against rumors   that the terrible earthquake and the following tsunami in Japan were closely related to or even caused by the \"supermoon\" that will appear in the sky on Saturday. The word \"supermoon\" was introduced in a report by the British newspaper Daily Mail on March 9, which said amateur scientists were warning that such an astronomical phenomenon could disturb the Earth's climate patterns and may even cause earthquakes and volcanic activity. The moon will be 356,577 kilometers from the Earth on Saturday, the closest in 19 years, and the closest point in its oval orbit coincides  with a full moon, the report said. However, Saturday's moon is not actually the closest to Earth in 19 years, Tang Haiming, an astronomer with Shanghai Astronomical Observatory under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told Xinhua News Agency. A shorter distance of 356,570 km between the two bodies was reached in January 2005, and a distance of 356,566 km was seen in December 2008. Yet some people suggest that previous supermoons have occurred prior to extreme weather events. In 1974 the phenomenon was followed by Cyclone Tracy  in Darwin, Australia, and in 2005 it occurred shortly before a deadly tsunami in Indonesia. Coincidentally, two fresh disasters happened in Asia right before Saturday's supermoon. The public's concern about their connection with the moon boomed after Japan's terrible earthquake and tsunami and an earthquake in Southwest China's Yunnan province that killed 25 people on March 10. But astronomers are trying to  _ people that such rumors are merely unreasonable. \"A supermoon could cause high tides but has no direct relation with natural disasters such as earthquakes,\" Liu Jie, a researcher with the China Earthquake Network Center, told China Daily on Tuesday. \"We can't find any necessary connection between previous supermoons and earthquakes. And the quake in Japan occurred because the Earth's inner energy had accumulated to some extent, and it's not related to the moon. \" he said. James Garvin, chief scientist at the Goddard Space Flight Center under NASA, said in an article on NASA's website that \"the effects on Earth from a supermoon are minor.\"\"The combination of the moon being at its closest to Earth in its orbit, and being in its 'full moon' configuration (  to the Earth and sun), should not affect the inner energy balance of the Earth, since there are lunar tides  every day. \" Zhu Jin, curator of the Beijing Planetarium, said\"the moon moves around the earth in a certain path, so each orbit has a perigee - its closest approach, and an apogee  - its furthest distance.\"\"A lunar perigee occurs once a month and there are very small differences in distances between perigees,\"he said.\"Those tiny differences are far from enough to cause earthquakes or eruption of a volcano,\"he added. \n Answer: four",
            "output": [
                "How many disasters are mentioned in the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a9f0e788f02d4774b35fe9d4b82dac29",
            "input": "Article: Ballet as a charming dance form has fascinated audiences for many years. It is a form of dance that combines beauty and grace to tell a story in a dance form. Generally performed in theatres, ballet has always been a favored dream of many little girls. While ballet dancers need to work very hard for many years to perform in a professional ballet company, this does not discourage the girls. Many people think that ballet originated in France, due to the ballet steps that all have French names. However, ballet can be traced back to Italy during the Renaissance period of the 1400s. While this was really just a pioneer to the classical ballet, the dances performed in Italy during this time led to the further development of ballet in France. The first ballet company arose in France and was called The Queen's Ballet Company. In the 1800s the romantic style of ballet appeared, thanks in part to the ballet La Sylphide. La Sylphide made much use of the toe dancing technique and brought about many changes to ballet. All romantic ballets focused on women and this encouraged women to take on increasingly to become ballerinas. While ballet prospered in other nations, it started declining in France. The decline could be because ballet was seen as being very worldly with mythical   steps. The shift from mythical steps to more reasonable style that could be co-related to human movements came about in the twentieth century. This was because of the many different styles of dance that were becoming increasingly popular. The change that started in the twentieth century continues to transform ballet even today where it mixes different styles of dance. Some ballets today have even gone so far as to combine another style of dance into the ballet.  In 1944 a ballet was introduced called Fancy Free that use Jazz dance with the ballet steps to create a revolutionary ballet, and it was well received. With time, ballet has developed and changed in many forms. A ballet by professionals continues to charm audiences despite the fact that most of us cannot even dream of performing most of the steps and moves of a ballet dancer. \n Answer: Because the first ballet company was founded in France.",
            "output": [
                "Why do people think ballet comes from France?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fd6613a416304dfa815c6f9871674300",
            "input": "Article: \"Cooking With Kids creates fun and food for the family. Kate Heyhoe gives simple practical tips on how to bring the family together for mealtime magic.\" --Linda Gassenheimer, award-winning author of Dinner in Minutes \"I have just helped my four year old granddaughter Jessica to make stuffed eggs. What fun it is to cook with a new generation and what a joy now to have a brilliant new book like Cooking With Kids to pass on a passion for life and its healthy pleasures to a child!\" --Graham Kerr, International Culinary Consultant \"Like millions of moms, I want to prepare delicious, nutritious meals for my family, and after working all day in the restaurant, I also want to spend quality time with my sons. Cooking together is the natural solution. But in the kitchen, you need the proper tools to do the job well; Cooking With Kids is just the tool to get you started.\" --Chef Mary Sue Milliken, TV hostess, cookbook author \"In Cooking With Kids, Kate Heyhoe brings kids into the kitchen and teaches them not only great tasting recipes but cooking fundamentals such as how to hold a knife, set a table and how to survive in a supermarket. With families' busy schedules, this book is a wonderful sourcebook for family interaction.\" --Emily Luchetti, executive pastry chef \"Seize the moment, and a copy of this delightful cooking guide, then call the children to the kitchen to experience the joy of an often neglected pleasure of family life---cooking food together.\" --Marcel Desaulniers, author of Death by Chocolate \"In Cooking with Kids, Kate Heyhoe takes your hand and leads you through the kitchen on a most delightful tour. The book is packed with easy-to-understand guidance and simple, tasty recipes that will delight kids of any age, and that includes every inner child who never learned the secrets of the kitchen. \" --Michele Anna Jordan, author of Home Cooking \n Answer: Kate Heyhoe.",
            "output": [
                "Who is the author of Cooking with Kids?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac0d0e278aef4b05b47c37a51bdc80bf",
            "input": "Article: For Robert Valderzak of Washington D.C.,Tuesday's earthquake was a miracle .      Ever since he fell and got his skull broken on Father's Day,75-year-old Valderzak had suffered severe hearing loss. But after the 5.8 quake, he could hear everything.     Valderzak was chatting with his daughter and three sons when the quake hit D.C.'s Veterans Affairs Hospital,where he is batting cancer. \"It shook m terrible--right out of the bed,\" said Valderzak.\"But after that it stopped.And my son talked to me, and I could hear his voice.\"      Tests confirmed Valdezak's significant hearing improvement.But his doctors think they have a medical explanation for the \"miracle\".      \"He.had conductive hearing loss,caused by a liquid in his middle ear, as well as loss due to nerve damage,\"said Dr.Ross Fletcher,chief of staff at the VA Hospital. \"A combustion of a drag he was taking and the earthquake event itself likely led to him losing the liquid and listening back his hearing.\"       Dr.Jennifer Smullen of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary said the shaking itself might not have been enough to clear the fluid from Valderzak's inner ear.      \"But if somebody was suddenly surprised, and shouted out,sometimes  that's enough to clear some fluid out from the ear drum.\"she Bald.      Valderzak had adjusted to his hearing loss with the help of a special microphone and some training in  _ .But the situation was far from satisfactory.     \"The devices helped,but by the time I got them all connected up,everyone had left and I was talking to myself,\"he said,adding that lip reading meant he could only talk to one person at a time. But now he can talk to all four of his kids again. \n Answer: He didn't enjoy the Father's Day party.",
            "output": [
                "What happened to Valderzak in Tuesday's earthquake?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-10531740ee7b4d389202a1461853a979",
            "input": "Article: Every year many students went to the college bookstore to purchase the different textbooks that they need for their classes. Little do these students realize that, in doing so, they are throwing good money away. It may sound unbelievable but textbooks, in some cases, actually cost as much as, if not more than, college fees. Many people think that college bookstores are the most convenient source for textbooks. Titles are usually kept and students may purchase new textbooks or choose to buy second-hand books and save money. But the money saved by purchasing second-hand textbooks from college bookstores is small compared to the amount they could save by shopping online. More and more online booksellers have begun selling textbooks at heavily discounted prices. Online second-hand bookstores are another source for college books as they keep a large number of textbooks, which means sizable savings for students. Students should avoid purchasing their textbooks at the first store that they surf online since there are so many 'unreal' booksellers on the Net. Price isn't the only factor to consider when making an online purchase. Students should also consider shopping costs and delivery time when making their decision. Online auctions  are another option for students seeking a bargain. This option, however, has its _ . A plus is that students can get incredibly cheap books. One problem is that while online bookstores have a system in place that ensure you receive your order within a reasonable amount of time, with an auction purchase, however, you  must depend on the auction seller's timetable. One way that students can really save is by getting books for free. Project Gutenberg is one resource that English majors will find invaluable. Here students can legally download a huge collection of classic novels. In the past students needing help with their studies would often have to spend a lot of money buying expensive study guides. Today that is no longer the case. Cash-strapped students can now visit the website SparkNotes for free downloadable study guides as well as classics. \n Answer: Learning to Save on Textbooks",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-55756e63e1ba41d59d499a8a927b5619",
            "input": "Article: 1685 was a very good year for German composers. Within the space of a month, two of the greatest were born: Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel. Handel's father was a barber and surgeon, which sounds like a strange combination today, but back then those occupations went hand in hand. Even though Handel was very interested in music, his father didn't think that was a good way to earn a living, so he wanted his son to be a lawyer. The story goes that Handel _ a quiet piano into the house so that he could practice in secret. One day, Handel went along when his father went to shave a duke. While his father was working, Handel sat down and played the duke's organ. The duke was so impressed that he convinced Handel's father to let his son study music, and Handel finally got to learn how to compose. Handel soon discovered that what he liked most was opera. In fact, he was so passionate about opera that he even fought a duel   over it with one of his friends. Since Italy was the place to learn about opera composing, Handel went off to Italy to study. When he got home, he got a job as court composer for a German prince. Having landed such a wonderful job, Handel immediately asked his boss for time off. He wanted to go to England, where he'd heard that there weren't nearly enough composers to satisfy the British taste for Italian opera. After great success writing opera in London, Handel came back to Germany. Then fate played a funny trick on Handel and his boss. The Queen of England died, and it just so happened that the prince Handel worked for was next in line to the British throne. When he arrived in London as King George, followed Handel, his court composer in Germany. In addition to serving the King, Handel became one of the most successful opera composers of his time. And he also produced them and traveled all over Europe to hire the best singers. There are stories of battles with rival opera producers and of fights between rival singers. Handel apparently had quite a temper. If you ever go to London, look for Handel's grave in Westminster Abbey, where there's a wonderful monument to him. \n Answer: His performance impressed a duke.",
            "output": [
                "How did Handel begin to learn to compose?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9fe6b85546f449928546965f48d88fdb",
            "input": "Article: Who give us life,raise us and are our constant support and wellwishers?Our mothers.That's why millions of people across the world take Mother's Day as an opportunity to express thanks and send best wishes to their moms. However,the celebration of Mother's Day is not the recent thing that many believe it to be.It was the ancient Greeks who started the tradition by celebrating their annual spring festival in honor of Rhea,the mother of many gods and goddesses. Later,in the 1600s,Mothering Sunday came to be celebrated in England.On the fourth Sunday of Lent  ,children brought flowers and special fruitcakes to show their respect for their mothers.It may be the root of the modern Mother's Day. Thanks to the great efforts of Julia Ward Howe and Anna Jarvis,Mother's Day became an official festival in the US.It is celebrated on the second Sunday in May.Later,many countries began to celebrate this day as Mother's Day. Today,Mother's Day is an international festival honoring mothers.It is celebrated all over the world in different ways.In Western countries,the most common way is to treat mothers with breakfast in bed.Kids often allow their mothers to sleep till late in the morning while they prepare her favorite breakfast with their fathers.Some also make handmade gifts or buy beautiful carnations  .It is the day when you acknowledge your mothers contribution in your life and pay a tribute   to her,often with flowers and gifts.It complements Father's Day,the celebration honoring fathers. Today,Mother's Day is a day celebrated on various days in many places around the world. \n Answer: Because they want to express thanks and send best wishes to their mothers.",
            "output": [
                "Why do people across the world celebrate Mother's Day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e16b72ecb4e94fac956470f7cef0daa2",
            "input": "Article: DoSomething.org is the country's largest non-profit organization for young people and social change. They provide some scholarships to reward teens who are social action leaders in their community. You may be interested in the following ones. 1. $2,000 Fight Climate Change like a Ninja  Scholarship Ninjas release 86% less CO2 than the average person. Why? Because ninjas use a green form of transport ---- parkour . DoSomething.org wants to teach you their ways of going green---- and offer the chance for a $2,000 scholarship. Submit one of your friends' phone numbers. You'll both receive a text message with ways to protect the planet, and you'll be entered for the scholarship. Bonzail! 2. $3,000 Puppy Mills are Bad Scholarship Use your phone to fight for millions of puppies born in abusive   factory farms. Share a text messaging game on puppy mills with 6 friends and you'll be entered to win a $3000 scholarship. Millions of puppies are born in horrible conditions each year, so puppy mills can make a profit. Invite your friends to step into the shoes of a pet store employee who discovers their store supports puppy mills. To enter for the $3,000 scholarship, visit www. Dosomething.org/puppy and submit six friends' phone numbers. 3. $5,000 Safe Driving Scholarship When you text while driving at 55 mph, your eyes go off the road for the length of an entire football field. Tell your friends about the danger of texting while driving to enter to win a $5000 scholarship. After entering, we'll send you a free pair of \"thumb socks\" ---- a physical reminder to stop texting while driving. Send us a picture of you with your thumb socks and you'll double your chance of winning the $5,000 scholarship. \n Answer: They are provided by DoSomething.org.",
            "output": [
                "What do the scholarships mentioned in the passage have in common?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-874a6c9883ff49ccbcc84ba643e8feea",
            "input": "Article: In the summer of 1999, a small town called Golcuk was shaken by a big earthquake in north-western Turkey. It destroyed the whole town and other nearby places. Soon enough, help from other countries flew there for one purpose, \"saving lives\". Nowadays wherever an earthquake strikes, other countries are ready to send help. That is really something that, as human beings, we should be proud of.     When the earthquake struck, I was living in my hometown of Ankara, capital of the Turkey. Despite the 220-mile distance between the two locations, we still were able to feel the shakes.     I had a chance to visit Golcuk a couple times when I was a kid. My uncle who lives in Germany has a summer house there, and every summer they stay in Golcuk for their yearly vacation. After the quake struck, we couldn't contact them, so we didn't know if they were in Golcuk or in Germany during the quake. Our unsuccessful attempts worried us, and the only thing we wanted to hear was that they were OK. Without wasting any more time, my brother, my sister's husband, and I decided to drive there to check on them by ourselves.     When we were driving, the damage of the earthquake started to show itself right away. Big, wide, tall trees were laid down on the side of the road. Getting closer to Golcuk, we found the impact of the earthquake was getting worse. Inside the town was total destruction.     It wasn't easy to figure out the streets among the ruins. Finally, we were able to find my uncle's apartment and thank God, it was still standing, but nobody was there. Later on we found that they hadn't yet visited Golcuk that year. What luck!     Earthquakes are natural disasters and there is no way to avoid them, especially as earthquakes never give a warning in advance. They just strike mercilessly in the middle of the night when people are asleep in their beds. We cannot stop disasters but we can prepare ourselves for their consequences. \n Answer: Memory of an Earthquake in Golcuk",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-024a20ac86ce46259699ae133db19563",
            "input": "Article: A jobless man applied for the position of \"office boy\" at Microsoft.The HR manager interviewed him and then watched him cleaning the floor as a test.\"You are employed,\" he said.\"Give me your e-mail address and I'll send you the application to fill in, as well as the date when you may start.\" The man replied, \"But I don't have a computer, neither an e-mail.\" \"I'm sorry,\" said the HR manager.\"If you don't have an email, that means you do not exist. And who doesn't exist cannot have the job.\" The man left with no hope at all.He didn't know what to do, with only ten dollars in his pocket.He then decided to go to the supermarket and buy 10 kg tomatoes.He then sold the tomatoes from door to door.In less than two hours, he succeeded to double his capital  . He repeated the operation three times, and returned home happily with 60 dollars. The man realized that he could survive in this way, and started to go every day earlier, and return later.Thus, his money doubled or _ every day.Shortly, he bought a cart, then a truck, and then he had his own fleet   of delivery vehicles.Five years later, the man was one of the biggest food retailers   in the US. He started to plan his family's future and decided to have a life insurance.He called an insurance broker and chose a protection plan.When the conversation was concluded, the broker asked him his e-mail.The man replied, \"I don't have an e-mail.\"The broker said curiously, \"You don't have an e-mail, and yet have succeeded to build an empire.Can you imagine what you could have been if you had an e-mail?\" The man thought for a while and replied, \"Yes, I'd be an office boy at Microsoft !\" \n Answer: The man didn't give up though he failed the interview",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-233da5cac2494f68a4abc4f30bcbc8e7",
            "input": "Article: Nobody likes having to deal with an upset child. If your little one is hurt, scared or sad, your heart breaks for her. If she's mad, it can make you mad. You want to be there for her and comfort her, but the best way to do that will depend mainly on two things: why she's upset and how old she is. Be calm and open-minded when trying to comfort your upset child. Try to find out why your child is upset, because that affects how you should respond and what will be most effective in trying to comfort her. Take her aside and sit down to talk on her level, physically and emotionally. Be sure she knows she has your complete attention while she's telling you about the friend who wouldn't share her new toy and so on. Even if you've got 20 other things you need to get done, make yourself take a break and focus on her for a few minutes. Listen carefully to what your child says, and also pay attention to what she's not saying. If she says she's upset because \"she hates her stupid school\", you must \"choose to accept it\" -- to read between the lines. Maybe she's struggling with her studies, or the teacher scolded  her in front of everybody. Patiently listen and try to _ so you know what kind of problem you're dealing with. Sometimes just knowing someone hears her pain goes a long way toward comforting an upset child. Don't make excuses or blame others, just let her know her feelings are natural and understandable. Give her permission to feel sad for a little bit or even cry a little, and give her a big hug. Then help her think of ways to get over the hurt and refocus her attention on another activity or friend. \n Answer: To get advice on how to raise a child.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of the author in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-cd35954159e6472a8ed002da0f8057e0",
            "input": "Article: As we drove along, my spirits went up again, and I turned, with pleasure, to the thought of the new life which I was entering. But though it was not far past the middle of September, the heavy clouds and strong north-easterly wind combined to make the day extremely cold; and the journey seemed a very long one, so that it was nearly one o'clock before we reached the place of our destination. Yet when we entered the gateway, my heart failed me, and I wished it were a mile or two farther off. For the first time in my life I must stand alone: there was no retreating now. I must enter that house, and introduce myself among its strange people. But how was it to be done? True, I was near nineteen; but, thanks to the protecting care of my mother and sister, I well knew that many a girl of fifteen, or under, was gifted with a more womanly address, and greater ease and self-possession, than I was. Yet, anyway. I would do very well, after all; and the children, of course, I should soon be at ease with them. \"Be calm, be calm, whatever happens,\" I said within myself; and truly I was so fully occupied in steadying my nerves and keeping down the rebellious beat of my heart that when I was admitted into the hall and into the presence of Mrs. Bloomfield, I almost forgot to answer her polite greeting; and it afterwards struck me that the little I did say was spoken in the tone of one half-dead or half-asleep. With due politeness, however, she showed me my bedroom, and left me there to take a little refreshment for a little while and led me into the dining-room. Some beefsteaks and potatoes were set before me; and while I dined upon these, she sat opposite, watching me (as I thought) and trying to keep something like a conversation-- consisting chiefly of commonplace remarks. In fact, my attention was almost wholly absorbed in my dinner: not from appetite, but from the toughness of the beefsteaks, and the numbness of my hands. \"I have had so little time to attend to their education myself, but I think they are clever children, and very willing to learn, especially the little boy; he is, I think, the flower of the flock-- a generous, noble-spirited boy, one to be led, but not driven, and remarkable for always speaking the truth.\" \"His sister Mary Ann will require watching,\" continued she, \"but she is a very good girl on the whole, though I wish her to be kept out of the nursery as much as possible, as she is now almost six years old, and might acquire bad habits from the nurses. I have ordered her bed to be placed in your room, and if you will be so kind as to look after her washing and dressing, and take charge of her clothes, she needs to have nothing further to do with the nursery maid.\" I replied I was quite willing to do so; and at that moment the children entered the room. Tom Bloomfield was a well-grown boy of seven. Mary was a tall girl, for her age of six, somewhat dark like her mother. The second sister was Fanny, a very pretty little girl, looking little younger than Mary. The remaining one was Harriet, a little broad, fat, merry, playful thing of scarcely two, whom I had more desire for than all the rest -- but with her I had nothing to do. \n Answer: She was nervous, dissatisfied with her manners but still confident.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements best describes how the writer felt when she entered Mrs. Bloomfield's home?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-070429ca99db4cc8ba27be4cb1b4efff",
            "input": "Article: LONDON (AP) -- England joins on Sunday the growing list of places that ban smoking in public buildings, taxis and other places including even Buckingham Palace with a tough law. Pubs, clubs and restaurants will all be smoke-free. Taxi and delivery drivers have been warned that they too could be fined 50 pounds, or about $100, if caught lighting up inside work vehicles. Experts say the bans have become an irreversible   tread because of greatly rising health costs and public uneasiness over second-hand smoke. Some of the strictest smoking bans are in the United States, even though there is no federal anti-smoking policy. New York and Florida have strict bans, while California has certain outdoor smoking bans. Spain, Italy, Iran, Norway, Sweden, Singapore, South Africa, Uruguay and new Zealand have passed legislation  to restrict smoking. France banned smoking in many public places in February and plans to extend the ban to cafes and restaurants next year. Finland is introducing a ban in 2009. Despite the spread of bans, the World Health Organization predicts a steady rise in tobacco sales. In its Tobacco Atlas, the WHO said that by 2030 there will be \"at least another two billion smokers in the world\" and an expected decrease in male smokers \"will be _ by an increase in female smoking rates, especially in developing countries.\" In advance of the English ban, anti-smoking ads have coated bus stops and the British government has subsidized  programs to help people quit. The rest of Britain--Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland --already have smoking bans in place. \n Answer: Private houses",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following places may still be smoking areas in England?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e0bd036f35aa475e96db8ab74cb117c1",
            "input": "Article: Elizabeth and I are 18 now, and about to graduate. I think about our elementary-school friendship, but some memories have blurred  .What happened that day in the fifth grade when Beth suddenly stopped speaking to me? Does she know that I've been thinking about her for seven years? If only we could go back, discover what ended our relationship.  I have to speak with Beth. I see her sometimes, and find out school is \"fine\". It's not the same. It never will be. Someone says that she's Liz now. What happened to Beth?  I can't call her. Should I write? What if she doesn't answer me?   How will I know what she's thinking?  Yes, I'll write her a letter. These things are easier to express in  writing. \" Dear Be,\"no,  \"Dear Li,\" no, \"Dear Elizabeth,\" I begin. The words flow freely, as seven-year old memories are reborn. I ask her all the questions that have been left unanswered in my mind, and pray she will answer. I seal my thoughts in the perfect white envelope, and imagine Beth looking into her mailbox. Will she know why I'm writing? Maybe she once thought of writing the same letter.  As the mailman takes my envelope from me forever, I wonder if I've made the right decision. Do I have the right to force myself into Beth's life again? Am I simply part of the past? I have taken the first step. Beth has control of the situation now.  One day has passed. Are my words lying on the bottom of the post office floor?  Two days are gone. I'm lost in thought and don't even hear the phone ring.   \"Hello? It's Elizabeth.\" \n Answer: 11",
            "output": [
                "How old were they when they didn't speak to each other?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3e4c562f56fd436cb271c78f670b42e6",
            "input": "Article: One night my wife and I were going to dinner at a friend ' s.As we went towards the house, I noticed a car pulling out from the sidewalk.Just ahead, another car was waiting to back into the parking space.But before he could do so a yellow car came up from behind and sneaked into the space. While my wife went ahead into our friend' s house, I stepped into the street.  \"Hey,\" I said, \"this parking space belongs to that guy.\" I gestured towards the man ahead, who was looking back angrily.At that moment I was feeling pretty manly.  \" Mind your own business!\" the driver told me.  \"No,\" I said.\"You don' t understand.That fellow was waiting to back into this space.\"  Things quickly heated up, until finally he jumped out of the car.My God, he was extremely large.He grabbed me and shook his rock of a fist at me.I tasted blood.I was terrified. Almost in a panic, I ran to my friend ' s front door.As a former Marine   , as a man, I felt  ly embarrassed as my wife and friends asked me what had happened.All I could say was that I had had an argument about a parking space.They were sensitive and let it go at that. Perhaps half an hour later, the doorbell rang.For some reason I was sure that the huge man had returned for me.My blood ran cold.My hostess got up to answer it, but I stopped her.I knew I had to face up to my fear. I opened the door.There he stood.\"I came back to apologize,\" he said in a low voice.\"I am ashamed of myself.The Brooklyn Navy Yard where I've worked for ten years is closing.Today I got laid off.I' m not myself.I hope you' ll accept my apology.\"  I remembered that after I closed the door, I stood there for a few minutes alone with tears in my eyes. \n Answer: He blamed the driver.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author do when a yellow car drove into the parking space?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-05a0e6fe47a24465b72df714c034aff2",
            "input": "Article: To travel around the world is the dream of many adventurous people. But very few people can afford a global tour because hotels, food and airplane tickets are too expensive. Some people, however, have thought of some ways to realize their dreams. Laura Cody and Tanbay Theune, a couple from Britain, decided to travel around the world. They have found a good way to pay for their trips. They look after pets for rich house owners. In exchange, they can stay in the houses for free. They have looked after horses, cows, cats, dogs and fish. In two years, the couple has been to Australia, Germany, Spain and Italy. They have stayed in big cities and small villages. The home owners are usually very generous and have given them food, wine and day trips. Another person who tries to realize her travel dream is photographer Rhiannon Taylor. She travels around the world to visit, review and take photos of the best hotels. She shares the places she stays in and the food she eats on the Internet with tens of thousands of followers. With these ways of making money, traveling around the world is no longer a dream. More and more young people are thinking creatively to make their dream come true. \n Answer: Because they are afraid of adventure.",
            "output": [
                "Why do most people feel hard to make their travel dream come true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-362d555e40ad4c5088c5f9386e2bbda1",
            "input": "Article: Many areas of cropland in Bangladesh are becoming unfit for farming. The land is becoming salty. It is a big problem for the small country which has more than 155 million people because growing crops is the most common way Bangladeshis support themselves. Farmers in the country are learning to grow vegetables in so-called \"vertical gardens. \" The soil in these gardens is better because heavy rains have removed much of the salt. Shobitha Debna is a 35-year-old farmer in the village Chandipur is able to grow hundreds of kilograms of vegetables each season in her small garden. This kind of farming is new in Chandipur. But it may spread across the country.Most of Bangladesh is at or below sea level. Rising seawaters linked to climate change has severely affected the country. High water from storms in coastal areas also add salt to soil. High salt content makes crops less productive. The salty sea water flows into rivers, which then flood Chandipur and other villages. Vegetable crops fail. For three years now, hundreds of villagers have grown crops in vertical gardens. From July to October, about l. 5 meters of rain falls in Bangladesh. The seasonal rains remove salt from the soil. At the end of the rainy season, villagers collect the cleaned soil and place it in large containers. They use that soil to grow vegetables. WorldFish Center, a non-profit International group has trained about 200 villagers in southwestern Bangladesh to make vertical gardens. Over the next two years, the center will train about 5,000 people. A vertical garden is easy to make. Villagers fill containers with good soil and natural fertilizers. They put the containers on bricks so they are off the ground. They add pieces of the bricks to the soil to help water flow and drain. Villagers also grow vegetables in containers made from large, thin pieces of plastic supported by bamboo. This is called \"vertical tower\" which can produce more than 100 kilograms of vegetables each. \n Answer: The salty water from the sea makes the sold salty.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1f9a7a4764f743539e908d1c69cc7579",
            "input": "Article: Do you know about a series of books that say they are for dummies? These American selfhelp books have been translated into more than thirtynine languages including Chinese, Arabic, Russian, French, German, Greek and Spanish. \"Dummy\" is a word for a stupid person. The dummy books are not really for stupid people. They are designed to show people how to do something they may never have tried before, like painting a house or learning a language. The books all say in a funny way that they are for dummies, such as WorldHistoryforDummies, RabbitsforDummies, ChineseCookingforDummies, andWeddingPlanningforDummies. The first such book,DOS forDummies, was published in 1991.It helped people learn how to use the DOS operating system for computers. Since then, more than one hundred and fifty million dummy books have been sold. The dummies.comwebsite explains the idea behind the books. It says that they show that people can be taught to do anything. First they can make fun of ideas that are difficult to understand. Then they show how the information can be interesting and easy. he publishers say that the books do not provide more information than necessary. They give readers just enough information to do what they want. They say that the dummy books give the best and easiest way to do something. And the books use simple and easy language. There are more than one thousand different dummy books. A report in NewYorkTimessays that the topselling dummy books are those that explain technology and personal finance. The publishers say that the bestselling dummy books are those providing information many people need--like information about diseases,education and cooking. People interested in opera,car repair and wine can also find dummy books to help them. And there are even more dummy books to come. The publishers say that they publish about two hundred new dummy books every year. \n Answer: Books for Dummies",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-82d5b0e6c2d94ee1a0fe9c242c2b5f23",
            "input": "Article: NEW YORK--Australian mining enterpriser Clive Palmer on Tuesday unveiled  blueprints   for Titanic II, a modern copy of the doomed ocean liner, although he didn't call the ship unsinkable any more. The ship will largely recreate the design and decoration of the fabled original, with some modifications to keep it in line with current safety rules and shipbuilding practices, and the addition of some modern comforts such as air conditioning, Palmer said at a press conference in New York. The three passenger classes, however, will be prevented from mingling , as in 1912, Palmer said. \"I'm not too superstitious . \"Palmer said when asked whether recreating a ship best-known for sinking was tempting fate. White Star Line, the operator of the original ship, had said the Titanic was designed to be unsinkable. About 1, 500 people died on Titanic's _ voyage in 1912 from Southampton to New York after the ship collided with an iceberg in the North Atlantic. Palmer, who created the company Blue Star Line last year, refused to make a similar boast. \"Anything will sink if you put a hole in it,\"Palmer said. \"I think it would be very cavalier  to say it.\" Unlike the original, TitanicII will have more than enough space in its lifeboats for every person on board and will have additional escape staircases. Markku Kanerva, sales director at Deltamarin, the Finnish company designing the ship, said it would be \"the safest cruise ship in the world\". Palmer refused to answer questions about the project's cost. Although the Titanic was the world's largest ship in her time, she would be smaller than many of today's modern cruise ships. \"It's not about the money, \"Palmer said. \"I've got enough money for it. I think that's all that matters.\" Forbes estimated Palmer's net worth to be $795 million in 2012. He describes himself as a billionaire. TitanicII will be built by Chinese state-owned CSC Jinling Shipyard, which has already built four ore carriers for Palmer's mining business, he said. The contract to build TitanicII has not yet been signed, Palmer said. \n Answer: TitanicII will have more space in its lifeboats than the Titanic.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred about TitanicII from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ab2415140bb8477fb7722c416c89874e",
            "input": "Article: Researchers Look Behind the Tears to Study Crying Many people found themselves unusually moved by the historic presidential inauguration last week in Washington. Watching the huge crowds, we saw laughter, cheers, hugs---but also many tears. It made us wonder why do people cry? Surely tears must be good for us--away to calm the mind and cleanse the body. Yet studies show that crying sometimes makes people feel worse. Three researchers in Florida and the Netherlands recently looked more deeply into the subject. They examined detailed descriptions of crying experiences. Psychologist Jonathan Rottenberg at the University of South Florida says they wanted to study crying as it happens in everyday life, not in a laboratory. The team analyzed information from the International Study on Adult Crying. As part of that study, three thousand people in different countries, mostly college students, wrote about recent crying experiences. They noted causes, surroundings and any people involved in the event. They also reported how they felt after they cried. Professor Roaenberg says the research showed that all crying experiences are not created equal. Crying does not always make a person feel better, he says. About ten percent of people reported feeling worse after they cried. But a third felt better after crying. And a majority reported the experience as helpful. The research showed that people who cry alone may not do as well as those with others around. People who reached out for emotional support at the time---and received it---reported better results from the crying experience. But Professor Rottenberg says those who felt shame or embarrassment while crying were less likely to report that crying had been helpful. Research has shown that women cry more often and more intensely than men. But it may not have better effect, says the psychologist. The new findings, he says, did not show that a person's sex was an advantage of beneficial crying. In other words, just because women cry more does not mean they are more likely to have a \"good\" cry. The paper entitled \"Is Crying Beneficial?\" appeared in December in Current Directions in Psychological Science and there is more to learn. Jonathan Rottenberg says the science of crying is still  _ . \n Answer: They noted their own crying experiences and compared with others.",
            "output": [
                "How did the researchers carry out the research?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f22c42f8240041f59d93b78334e30432",
            "input": "Article: People in the United States honor their parents with two special days: Mother's Day, on the second Sunday in May, and Father's Day, on the third Sunday in June. Mother's Day was proclaimed a day for national observance by President Woodrow Wilson in 1915. Ann Jarvis from Grafton, West Virginia, had started the idea to have a day to honor mothers. She was the one who chose the second Sunday in May and also began the custom of wearing a carnation. In 1909, Mrs. Dodd from Spokane, Washington, thought of the idea of a day to honor fathers. She wanted to honor her own father, William Smart. After her mother died, he had the responsibility of raising a family of five sons and a daughter. In 1910, the first Father's Day was observed in Spokane. Senator Margaret Chase Smith helped to establish Father's Day as a national commemorative day, in 1972. These days are set aside to show love and respect for parents. They raise their children and educate them to be responsible citizens. They give love and care. These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mother's Day people wear carnations. A red one symbolizes a living mother. A white one shows that the mother is dead.Many people attend religious services to honor parents. It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit the cemetery. On these days families get together at home, as well as in restaurants. They often have outdoor barbecues for Father's Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories. \n Answer: It is a day for many people to attend religious services",
            "output": [
                "According to the passage, which of the following about the second Sunday in May is not true ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c35eb3e8c6af49b49b866a20b13435b2",
            "input": "Article: The oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples. First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled  dancer. \"I'm an inside guy,\" Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station. \"I like to be wrapped up.\" On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it's just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale   has a tendency to form an invisible  cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache. Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat,\"Your inner ear thinks your're falling . Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight. That can be annoying--that's why some people feel sick.\" Within a couple days --truly terrible days for some --astronauts' brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears. Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That's why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars. \n Answer: Deciding on a proper sleep position",
            "output": [
                "What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bb14281fbf3a4e1fae2c8820f9c33712",
            "input": "Article: There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system. In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, _ goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money. An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy. In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person's place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste  may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. An inactive society may result. \n Answer: To outline contrasting types of economic systems.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main purpose of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fd0be9ce81a043af816106366b2e4025",
            "input": "Article: It is winter in many parts of the world. For some areas, that means snow. Maybe even lots of snow. If you don't have to drive in it or remove it, snow can be very beautiful. When snow covers everything around you, the world looks like a \"winter wonderland\". That is the name of a very popular song about winter. Richard Smith and Felix Bernard wrote the song back in 1934. There are hundreds of recordings of this happy song. But winter is not always such a beautiful and happy time. It's cold outside. You try hard to keep warm. The days are darker and shorter. The sun rarely shines. The leaves on the trees are brown. It isn't surprising that some people are sad in winter. And some people dream about being somewhere else where it's warm and pretty--like the state of California. The Mamas and the Papas recorded this famous song \"California Dreaming\". During the 1960s, many other famous rock groups released songs about winter. Here is a poetic song by Simon and Garfunkel called \"A Hazy Shade of Winter\". They sing about life and hope and possibilities. In 1968, the group Blood, Sweat and Tears recorded this gentle, sad song about winter. They sing about a lost love and forgotten memories in \"Sometimes in Winter\". In the early 1990s, Tori Amos wrote and recorded the beautiful song called \"Winter\". She enjoyed singing about winter when she was a child. Finally, on a happier note comes this song written and recorded by Fountains of Wayne in 2003. They sing about a snowstorm in a New England town. Nothing unusual there. But instead of being sad or tense about the snow, they write a song about it. \n Answer: When people don't have to take it away.",
            "output": [
                "When is snow beautiful?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bcae0279b37b4245bd982009e126fd40",
            "input": "Article: Ladies and Gentlemen, some strange, wild and wonderful stories colored the news in 2010, you may like them. * A Copenhagen bus company has put \"love seats\" on 103 of its buses for people looking for a partner. \"Even love at first sight is possible on the bus,\" said a spokesman for the company to explain the two seats on each bus that are covered in red cloth and a \"love seat\" sign. * Shoppers at an international luxury fair in Italy, found a cell-phone-equipped golden coffin among the items on display. The phones will help \"the dead\" contact relatives if they have been buried alive by mistake. * A man in New York came up with a disarming way to perform his latest bank _ , approaching the clerk's window with a large bunch of flowers and handing over a note saying \"give me the money!\" * An Englishman who lost all his legs and arms in an electrical accident successfully swam across the Channel, a challenge he had been preparing for two years. The whole cost is 400 dollars. * A set of artificial teeth  made for Britain's war-time prime minister Winston Churchill known as \"the teeth that saved the world\" sold for nearly 18,000 pounds (21,500 euros, 24,000 dollars) at auction . * A British woman caused an Internet hate campaign after she was caught on camera dumping a cat in a rubbish bin. She was fined 250 pounds (400 dollars, 280 euros) after pleading guilty. * The BBC apologized completely and without any doubts after a radio presenter jokingly announced that Queen Elizabeth II had died. * Two Australian men needed surgery after shooting each other in the bottoms during a drinking session to see if it would hurt and they were charged 400 dollars separately. * A Kuwaiti MP  suggested state-aid for male citizens to take second wives, in an effort to reduce the large number of unmarried women in the oil-rich state. \n Answer: It has a cell phone.",
            "output": [
                "What is special about the coffin in the second news?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ba5cfb5aeb28478a815900230e5f3e5a",
            "input": "Article: Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival Where: Becket, Massachusetts When: June 15-Aug. 24 Each summer, this influential dance center presents a number of classes and performances by more than 50 companies from around the world. Highlights   this season include the Dance Theater of Harlem's production of Alvin Ailey's \"The Lark Ascending\", which opens the festival. Many events are free. Ticketed performances start at $22. jacobspillow.org. Moab Music Festival Where: Moab, Utah When: Aug. 29-Sept. 9 This area is better known for mountain biking than for music. But since 1992, it has hosted a private festival that brings classical, jazz, Latin and other types of music to the land. This year there will be 16 concerts, including three \"Grotto Concerts\", where guests take a 45-minute boat ride down the Colorado River to performances. Events start at $25. moabmusicfest.org. Cheyenne Frontier Days Where: Cheyenne, Wyoming When: July 19-28 There's something for everyone at this 117-year-old festival, from an \"Indian village\" and Old West museum to country concerts. But the competition is still the main attraction, with cowboys   and cowgirls competing for major money in the world's largest outdoor stage. Competition tickets start at $18, and concert tickets at $23. cfdrodeo.com. The Glimmerglass Festival Where: Cooperstown, New York When: July 6-Aug. 24 Each summer, opera lovers from around the country (and the world) travel to upstate New York to watch productions that include stars like Nathan Gunn and Ginger Costa-Jackson. This year's performances include Wagner's \"The Flying Dutchman\" and Verdi's \"King for a Day\", in honor of the 200th birthdays of both composers  . Tickets start at $26. glimmerglass.org. \n Answer: September 4.",
            "output": [
                "If you want to enjoy a \"Grotto Concert\", which date suits you best?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-643cde0b33bf4126acf6b1d29f246e3d",
            "input": "Article: When the sand began kicking up and hitting our faces, I started to worry that maybe we had made a mistake. That afternoon, my dad had stood on the deck   of our home and laughed as our neighbors packed up their cars and headed inland. They left to spend the night in motels or at friends' homes that were out of range of approaching summer storm. Challenging the weather that threatened to damping our spirits, we lit a fire on the beach. Dad told jokes and we had a good time. When it was 6:30 p.m., all laughter disappeared. Our eyes were drawn to the sky. A tornado   was headed straight for us! In a flash, we were all on our feet. The wind started screaming and now we were running to the cottage. My mom stopped next to the front door. \"Where can we go?\" She shouted at my dad. Most cottages on this part of Lake Michigan had been built without basements. Ours was no exception. The huge windows and the cottage itself wouldn't offer safety from high wind. \"Follow me!\" my dad yelled. We crawled   beneath the deck, pressing ourselves against the foundation of the cottage. Between the deck supports, we watched the approaching storm in silent terror. My dad shouted, \"Hold on!\" and something else I couldn't hear over the screaming wind. I think he was praying. By the time it reached our cottage, it was nothing more than a strong wind. The rest of the storm lasted for an hour and then simply blew away. \"Next time, we'll stay inland at Grandma's. Okay?\" my dad said. \n Answer: They stayed on the beach.",
            "output": [
                "What did the family do before the storm came?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc9fc3dc8a0d403f8857d99589c6dacf",
            "input": "Article: The Colonel asks Ashenden a good many questions and then suggested that he had particular qualifications for the Secret Service. Ashenden knew several European languages and the fact that he was a writer provided excellent cover: on the pretext that he was writing a book he could, without attracting attention, visit any neutral country.    It was while they were discussing this point that the Colonel said, \"You know you might get material that would be very useful to you in your work. I'll tell you an incident that occurred only recently. Very dramatic. A foreign government minister went down to a Mediterranean resort to recover from a cold and he had some very important documents with him that he kept in a dispatch case . A day or two after he arrived, he picked up a beautiful blonde at some restaurant or other, and he got very friendly with her. He took her back to his hotel, and when he came to himself in the morning, the lady and the dispatch-case had disappeared. They had one or two drinks up in his room and his theory is that when his back was turned the woman slipped a drug in his glass.    \"Do you mean to say that happened the other day?\" said Ashenden.    \"The week before last.\"    \"Impossible,\" cried Ashenden. \"Why! We've been putting that incident on the stage for sixty years, we've written it in a thousand novels. Do you mean to say that life has only just caught up with us?\"    \"Well, I can guarantee the truth of the story.\" said the Colonel, \"And believe me, the government has been put to no end of trouble by the loss of the documents.\"    \"Well sir, if you can't do better than that in the Secret Service,\" sighed Ashenden, \" I'm afraid that as a source of inspiration to the writer of fiction, it's washout.\" \n Answer: It would enable him to use the languages he knew.",
            "output": [
                "How did the Colonel suggest that Ashenden's being a writer would relate to his work as a spy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0122e39c8dde47d39f489670b75b0464",
            "input": "Article: You are walking along a lane and never know what you will find. It might be a shop selling oil paintings, or a place where you can buy Dutch cheese. One thing is for sure, you will end up by a canal. Welcome to Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands. The year 2013 will be a good time to explore Amsterdam as the city has a lot to celebrate: the famous canal ring will turn 400 years old. Amsterdam will also celebrate the 160th birthday of Dutch painter of the Van Gogh museum, home to the biggest collection of the artist's colorful works. The famous canal ring is a trademark of the city. With more than 100 kilometers of canals, it is no wonder that Amsterdam is called the 'Venice of the north'. But unlike the Italian town, where boats were originally used for transport, the canals in Amsterdam were mainly used for defense in the 17th century. Today ferries on canals offer a different way to explore the city. But to truly experience Amsterdam, you can't miss the city's historic museums and monuments, among which Van Gogh museum is the most famous one. It holds 200 paintings, 700 letters and 500 drawings by the artist. Another famous museum is Anne Frank's house. Anne Frank became famous around the world because of a diary she left explaining her and her family's experience as a Jewish girl during World War II, hiding out in a house hoping that she would not be captured by German Nazis. Amsterdam is small enough to walk or cycle almost anywhere, but it is rarely dull. Best of all it combines its glittering past with a rebellious edginess. \n Answer: They protected the city in ancient times.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE of the canals in Amsterdam?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1c75d9c4f3b34f6a9162d7041d5ef5d1",
            "input": "Article: During an exhibition show the skills of disabled people, an armless man used his mouth and feet to repair a watch. He completed the task in just a few minutes at the show, which was held in Beijing last Saturday. Just imagine the tiny parts that make up a watch. You have to wonder how the disabled man developed such a skill. It was reported that 28-year-old Wang Jianghai lost his arms in an accident when he was five and began learning to repair watches at the age of 17. He has repaired more than 10,000 watches in the past 11 years.  What strong self-confidence he must have to overcome the difficulties in getting this skill! What optimism he must have to face the unfairness of his hard life! And what strong determination he must have to go through the hardship in his struggle for a normal life! Such confidence, optimism and willpower are exactly the qualities many physically healthy people lack nowadays. Wang has set a good example for young people.  But today's youth seem to be more interested with their TV stars and pop singers but less interested in learning from the examples of working and studying hard to achieve higher goals. . That is undoubtedly the result of the influence of a changing social atmosphere. One must admit that there is a trend towards  _ in our society. People are increasingly more concerned about material gains than about spiritual pursuits. While adults know they must work hard whatever way they choose to materialize the gains, the younger generation are more likely to seek ease and comforts of their senses. This pleasure-seeking trend provides a huge market for the entertainment industry and the mass media. The media devote excessive too much coverage to anecdotes of pop and TV stars, which in turn fans wider and stronger enthusiasm for entertainment among the public, especially young people.  Ours is a developing country. Global competition in the growth of national strength presents a demand for China to be quicker in its development. We cannot afford to lose time. We need to make our economy more powerful. To meet this need, all of us should maintain our tradition of working hard and overcoming difficulties. \n Answer: Young people are far too much influenced by too much entertainment news in media.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the reason for young people's increasing interest in entertainment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a46932069caa4bfe93d155f7a30f0d37",
            "input": "Article: Too many cars have created a lot of serious problems in our world. Besides congestion , accidents and fast fuel consumption , cars are responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities. All the time, they are pumping huge amounts of waste gases into the atmosphere. These gases are very harmful, causing disease and even death. Last winter, car fumes  formed heavy smog over Beijing, making the sky gloomy for weeks and deteriorating people's health. One possible solution is to design and develop clean cars and clean fuels. In Tsinghua University, campus buses are driven by electricity. In Beijing some of the public buses begin to run on natural gas, which does not give off as much carbon dioxide as the petrol. But it may take decades for the new models of clean cars to completely replace the traditional ones. Another solution is to develop modern public transportation systems and restrict  the use of private cars. If the price of petrol rises constantly and the public vehicles  are efficient and convenient enough, most people will not use private cars. And the total number of cars in big cities will reduce greatly. On the whole, the elimination  of air pollution needs the co-efforts from the government, the public and the environments. This problem will be solved only with the help of science and technology. \n Answer: cars",
            "output": [
                "What is the main reason for air pollution in big cities?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e77c73ed4c8b4c03b6c34dac10b5e143",
            "input": "Article: Police Officer Tidwell left the station just after 8 a.m.on Sunday June 4.He had spent aboring night on duty and was looking forward to his day of rest.By habit he took a short-cutdown the path behind Dugby Hall road and after a minute or two he saw a man climbing down a drainpipe   from an open bedroom window of Number 29.In silence,Tidwell crept into the garden.The man reached the ground and was dusting himself down when he felt his arm caught. \"It's 8:15 on a Sunday morning,\"said the officer,\"and this sort of thing seems an unlikely adventure at such a time.Would you mind explaining?\" The man was obviously scared but tried to keep calm.He said,\"I know what you are thinking,officer,but it isn't true.This is a funny mistake.\" \"It's part of my job to take an interest in unusual events.I think you've just left this house in a manner other than the customary one.That may be quite innocent,but I'd like to make sure.\"Tidwell took out his notebook and a pen.\"Name,address and occupation and then,please,tell me your story...\" \"Charlie Crane,lorry driver,from Nottingham,51 Breton Street.My story...\" \"Yes.What were you doing like a fly on that wall,Mr.Crane?\" \"Well,I had a breakdown yesterday and had to stay the night here.Bed and breakfast.Theland-lady's name is Mrs.Fern.She gave me breakfast at seven,and I was out of here in the right way and down at the lorry by half past seven.Only when I felt around for a cigarette did I realize I'd left$80in my envelope under the pillow here at number 29.I always put it under my pillow at night.It's a habit I've got into.I even do it at home...\" \"I see.Why didn't you miss it when you went to pay Mrs...What's her name?\" \"I'd paid her last night.You've got to pay when you take the room,see?So I came rushing back,but it's Sunday,and she'd gone back to bed,and could I wake her?I rang the bell and banged on the front door for ten minutes before I came round here to the back and spotted my bedroom window still open.Up I went,then,up this pipe.It's a trick I learned in the army.She didn't make the bed,and money was still there.You know the rest,I hope you believe it because...\" \"Mr.Crane,whatever are you doing here?I thought you'd gone an hour ago.\"It was Mrs.Fern,speaking from the kitchen at the corner of the house. \n Answer: He knew he would get home quicker that way.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Tidwell walking along the path behind Dugby Hall road?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e7a8302bede340318440dc03e9b2a1a6",
            "input": "Article: Parenting the adolescent does take a different approach than parenting younger kids. Looking back it seemed  ly easy. They were born itty-bitty so you could take control - usually to keep them safe from harm, to teach right from wrong and begin to equip them with problem solving and relationship skills. But hey, remember when they were about two or three years old and they began to toddle  off and test your limits? This was normal child development and you soon trusted that your child wouldn't touch the stove, muck about in the flowerpots or bite the cat.       Adolescence is kind of similar in process to the two or three year old testing their limits. In adolescence though the test is more towards social limits: who they can go out with, when, where and for how long. Unlike the young child though, adolescence is nerve-wracking  because now they are truly out of sight, the stakes are higher and your didn't raise your kid for 13 years plus to see them get into trouble now. Also unlike the young child, your teen is no longer itty-bitty and you can't simply tell them what to do.        Parenting the adolescent requires extreme trust, patience and letting them take responsibility for decisions even when the consequences are not favorable. They do need to learn what the mantle of responsibility means during adolescence so that as adults they are suitably equipped to then carry on responsibly. No practice - no mastery. Taking responsibility takes practice and opportunity.       Difficult as _ may seem, the parenting style has to shift from being the boss to being a consultant. Now, no one is saying here that there aren't any rules, but they are more flexible and more subject to negotiation. When you were the boss, you simply told your young child what to do and you expected them to follow your wishes. Now as a consultant you are more in an advisory position and must rely on the judgment of your teen to choose correctly. \n Answer: Parents .",
            "output": [
                "Who are the intended readers of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b11f4bf769774123b0dfbb8bca885e99",
            "input": "Article: As the Chinese mainland's first Disney park kicks off ticket sales on Monday, Chinese scalpers are already running a thriving trade in tickets, some of which are being hawked at 1,600 yuan ($246), triple the official price. A rough search for Shanghai Disneyland tickets on Chinese e-commerce giant Taobao on Sunday yielded some 250 results, with prices ranging from 1 yuan to 1,600 yuan. \"We began to sell tickets about one month ago. You can prepay for tickets which will be delivered by the end of March,\" one Taobao shop owner told the Global Times on Sunday, claiming that over 1,000 tickets have been sold. Another shop owner claimed that tickets for the coming June, July and August are sold out. Tourists can book tickets on Shanghai Disneyland Park's official website, its official WeChat account and at authorized online shops beginning at 12 am on Monday. Several Taobao shop owners reached by the Global Times on Sunday pledged their tickets' authenticity. While some explained that they will help customers book tickets when official sales begin, others claimed that they were selling coin certificates that will be exchanged for tickets. While an ID card check is required for entry to the park, one Taobao shop owner claimed that their tickets will only require a check of visitors' cell phone numbers and names. The park has denied selling tickets for \"trial operations,\" after some netizens tried to sell tickets for early access to the park, thepaper.cn reported. As the first Disney park in the Chinese mainland, Shanghai Disneyland Park is expected to receive a huge number of tourists when it opens to the public on June 16. Many Net users have expressed their hopes to visit the park, which they expect will be cheaper than a trip to Hong Kong, where China's first Disney park was built. \n Answer: 246 RMB",
            "output": [
                "What's the official price of Shanghai Disney park ticket?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0b4e18fa31534ab6a414cc55a022060a",
            "input": "Article: If you touch your finger to a hot stove, you know it's going to hurt. However, if you convince yourself beforehand that the pain won't be so bad, you might not suffer as much. According to a recent study, the part of your brain that reacts to severe pain is largely the same part that reacts to expectation of pain. Researchers in this study worked with 10 volunteers, aged 24 to 46. Each volunteer wore a device that gave out 20-second-long pulses of heat to the right leg. There were three levels of heat, producing mild, moderate, or strong pain. During training, the volunteers would first hear a tone, followed by a period of silence, and then feel a heat pulse. They then learned to associate the length of the silent pause with the intensity  of the upcoming heat pulse. The longer the pause, the stronger the heat pulse would be, causing more severe pain. A day or two later, the real experiment began. The researchers found that the parts of the brain involved in learning, memory, emotion, and touch became more active as the volunteers expected higher levels of pain. These were mainly the same areas that became active when participants actually felt pain. Interestingly, when the volunteers expected only mild or moderate pain but experienced severe pain, they reported feeling 28 percent less pain than when they expected severe pain and actually got it. The new study emphasizes that pain has both physical and psychological elements. Understanding how pain works in the mind and brain could eventually give doctors tools for helping people cope with painful medical treatments. \n Answer: How people feel pain remains unknown to scientists.",
            "output": [
                "What is the main idea of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3fdb33d136b446dfad843d9ffc2c7395",
            "input": "Article: The tourism business in Hong Kong has been through some very hard times. Ten years ago, with all the economic problems in Asia, far fewer tourists were visiting Hong Kong. However, the SAR   was still one of the most popular destinations in Asia, and a favored location for international meetings and exhibitions. The year 1997 was the best year for tourism in the 1990s. However in 1998, the figure was down by 8% from 10.4 million tourist arrivals recorded in the previous year. Tourism was still big business, though. The mainland was Hong Kong's largest source of visitors, making up over a quarter of all arrivals. Travelers from Taiwan Province, South and Southeast Asia and Japan made up the most of other visitors. Tourism remained a major source of foreign exchange, although tourists spending dropped. Tourists often made short visits, staying an average of three to four days. Most tourists came to Hong Kong for business or leisure , or a mixture of both. Shopping was still the favorite thing of tourist activity and spending. The average visitor spent about HK$ 3,000 - not including accommodation   and food. Hong Kong Tourist Association officials developed various plans to develop interest in Hong Kong as a tourist destination, and they hoped these policies  would work. \n Answer: Fewer tourists were visiting Hong Kong than before.",
            "output": [
                "What situation was Hong Kong facing in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4be710200c344677b8d09347e07dc14e",
            "input": "Article: For hundreds of years, Japan has been hit, from time to time, by enormous tsunamis. These awful sudden risings of the sea are caused by earthquakes or underwater volcanic action. The story of the boy Yuuki is the story of such a disaster.     Yuuki lived with his family in a sea-side village, below a small mountain. One day, as he played on top of the mountain, he felt an earthquake beneath his feet. It was not strong enough to frighten anybody and passed quickly. Soon after, however, Yuuki noticed the sea darken and begin running away from the shore very fast, leaving behind wide stretches of beach that had never been exposed before.     With a gasp, Yuuki remembered reading that just before a terrible tsunami, the sea suddenly and quickly rolls backward. He ran to the beach, warning the villagers who had gathered to admire the huge new stretch of beach.     \"Get back!\" shouted the boy. \"There is terrible danger!\" But no one listened. They laughed at him and continued playing in the new sand and watching the sea roll backward even more.     Desperate, Yuuki could think of only one thing to do. He lit a tree branch, raced to the rice fields and began burning the stacks of harvested rice. Then he called out, \"Fire! Fire! Everyone run to the mountain! Now!\"     When everyone reached the mountain-top, a villager cried out, \"Yuuki is mad! I saw him set the fire.\" Yuuki hung his head in shame, but said nothing as the villagers cursed him.     Just then, someone cried, \"Look!\"     In the distance what seemed to be a huge dark line was speeding towards the shore. As it got nearer the people realized the long thin line of darkness was the returning sea, towering like a mountain.     The villagers watched in terror as the water struck the shore, smashing over their homes then tearing out the land as it receded.     On the mountain everyone stared speechlessly at the destruction below.     \"I'm sorry I burned the fields,\" said Yuuki, his voice trembling.     \"Yuuki,\" village-chief answered. \"You saved us all.\" The villagers cheered and raised Yuuki into the air. \"We were going to celebrate our rice harvest tonight,\" said one, \"but now we'll celebrate that we're all still alive!\" ,(A, B, CD),. \n Answer: On the mountain.",
            "output": [
                "Where was Yuuki when the earthquake struck?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-843cbcc8b40a49cca4fe1c19cf27bcf7",
            "input": "Article: Some problems are difficult to solve!  But there are a lot of number expressions that can help.For example,if we put two and two together,we might come up with the right answer.We know that two heads are better than one. It is always better to work with another person to solve a problem. Sometimes we can kill two birds with one stone.That is, we can complete two goals with only one effort or action.But we must remember that two wrongs don't make a right.If someone does something bad to you,you should not do the same to him. If you are going out with your girlfriend,or boyfriend,you do not want another friend to go along on your date.You can just say to your friend:twos company, three's a crowd.     A young child in school has to learn the three Rs.These important skills are reading, writing and arithmetic. These three words do not all start with the 1etter R,but they have the sound of R. Teachers will give three cheers when their pupils do a good job.     Some of my friends were confused and did not understand their schoolwork.They were at sixes and sevens.In fact,they did not care whether they could finish high school. They saw 1ittle difference between the two choices.But they were really happy when they completed their studies and graduated from high school. They were in seventh heaven.They were on cloud nine. Last year,one of my friends applied for a better job at her office.I did not think she would get it.I thought she had a hundred to one shot at the job.Other people at her office thought her chances were a million to one. One reason was that she had been caught catching forty winks   at the office.She slept at her desk for short periods during the day.But her supervisor appointed her to the new job at the eleventh hour--at the very last minute.I guess her lucky number came up. \n Answer: When and where to use the different number expressions.",
            "output": [
                "What does the text mainly discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-981b286c55b142ad933ac8c7b52aebbf",
            "input": "Article: When I started a degree in English language, I hadn't intended to study abroad, not to mention starting learning German. But having recently returned from my year abroad in Germany, I can say that making the effort to learn the language really enriched my experience. With language translation technology advancing all the time, it's convenient to rely on Google Translate and smartphone apps without having to learn the language. But a second language shouldn't be a luxury . Researchers have discovered that much language learning can increase the size of your brain in as little as three months. From my own experience, learning the language lets you travel beyond the well-known tourist paths, gain a real student experience and widen your social network beyond the international circle. The process of learning German abroad was completely different from my language course at university, where students sat quietly and stumbled  through spoken exercises. Instead, language learning abroad was energetic and part of my lifestyle - from chatting with sales assistants to preparing speeches with course mates. It meant being part of the local area. Visiting language exchange cafes - where international and German students meet to improve their European language - was a great way to practice in a relaxed space and meet a wide range of people. Not being afraid to make mistakes is important to learn a language. By giving up that comfortable phrase \" _ \" (I speak only a little German), I made progress and it was praised by friends and locals alike. Germany has a lively theater scene and learning the language meant I was able to get more entertainment and an understanding of German culture. Even when it comes to eating out, knowing the language works to your advantage. In more than a few traditional German restaurants, the English menus didn't contain all the dishes listed on the German menus. Learning the language has saved me from getting on the wrong train, after last-minute platform changes were announced in German. So why not learn the local language in your year abroad? It'll improve your employability while letting you take part fully in local life. \n Answer: To advise the readers to learn a local language when abroad.",
            "output": [
                "What is the purpose of writing this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-245913cdf45a4e4990dcae81b88bb449",
            "input": "Article: I was waiting for a phone call from my agent. He had left at message the night before, telling me that my show was to be cancelled. I called him several times, but each time his secretary told me that he was in a meeting and that he would call me later. So I waited and waited, but there was still no call. Three hours passing by, I became more and more and impatient. I was certain that my agent didn't care about my work, and he didn't care about me. I was overcome with that thought. I started to shout at the phone, \"Let me wait, will you? Who do you think you are?\" At that time I didn't realize my wife was looking on. Without showing her surprise, she rushed in, seized the phone, tore off the wires, and shouted at the phone, \"Yeah! Who do you think you are? Bad telephone! Bad telephone!\" And she swept it into the wastebasket. I stood watching her, speechless. What on earth...? She stepped to the doorway and shouted at the test of the house, \"Now hear this! All objects in this room----if you do anything to upset my husband, out you go!\" Then she turned to me. Kissed me and said calmly, \"Honey, you just have to learn how to take control.\" With that, she left the room. After watching a crazy woman rushing in and out, shouting at everything in sight , I noticed that something in my mood   had changed. I was laughing. How could I have trouble with that phone? Her aunties helped me realize I had been driven crazy by small things. Twenty minutes later my agent did call. I was able to listen to him and talk to him and talk to him calmly. \n Answer: He was angry with his agent.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author shout at the telephone?,"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-01357aa1528b4fbeb3264bda456f5634",
            "input": "Article: One day, a boy said to a girl, \"If I have only one bowl of gruel, I shall give one half to my mother, and the other half to you.\" The little girl liked the little boy from then on. That year he  was twelve and she was ten.     Ten years passed. When their village was flooded, he _ rescued others, including old people, children, the acquainted and the unacquainted, everyone except her in person. After she was rescued by others, somebody asked him, \"Since you like her, why didn't you rescue her?\" He answered gently, \"It's just because I love her that I first rescued others. I would never live alone if she died.\" So they got married. That year he was twenty two and she was twenty. Later, the whole country suffered from famine. They also had few in the pot. Finally, only an ounce of noodles were left, and they cooked a bowl of noodles in soup. He was reluctant to eat and let her eat; she was reluctant to eat and let him eat! Three days later, the bowl of noodles went moldy. At that time, he was forty two and she was forty.  Since his grandfather was ever a landlord, he was criticized and denounced in public meetings. During those special years, the \"Organization\" asked her to \"make clear the borderline and distinguish right and wrong\", but she said, \"I don't know who is the inner enemy, but I do know he is a good man. He loves me and I also love him. That's enough.\" That year he was fifty two and she was fifty. Many years passed, he and she began to practice Qigong in order to keep healthy. Because they were transferred to a town, every morning they took a bus to the city center park. When a young man offered his seat to them, each of them wouldn't take the seat because the other had to stand. Therefore, holding the handrail, they leaned each other with content smiles on their faces, and all of other passengers couldn't help standing up. That year he was seventy two and she was seventy.    She said, \"When we were both dead ten years later, I must turn into him and he must turn into me, then he could drink the half bowl of gruel that I give him!\" Seventy years of hardship life interprets this true love! \n Answer: Love based on ordinary words and daily affairs",
            "output": [
                "really touches the author?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-73a6ea45b41e48ae8226440a83e8028b",
            "input": "Article: Dear Carol, I wear braces   and I know I look just terrible in them. Is there anything I can do to improve my appearance until they come off? Connie N. Philadelphia, PA Dear Connie, Start by thinking about how good you are going to look when your braces come off. If you are negative about your appearance, people will pick that up right away about you. In the meantime there are several things that you can do to lift your spirits: Change your hairstyle. Be sure to get a good cut so that the shape of your hair will be flattering to your face and also good for your type of hair (fine, thick, straight, curly, etc.) Choose a hairstyle that draws attention away from your face. Hair pulled back into a pony-tail or into a ball on top or slightly off-center can be attractive and practical for this purpose. Keep skin clean. If you choose to wear makeup , it should look natural. Blusher  and lip gloss  in light tones of peach or pink are best. Be well-groomed . Neatness really _ . People see a total look about you before they ever become aware of your braces. And first impressions are lasting ones! \n Answer: Because she cared much about her appearance.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Connie write to Carol?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3135ef354f8b4a1389df4ecd461d835e",
            "input": "Article: Sitting by her Pinocchio lamp, she smiled at me as her tiny hands' shadow danced on the bedroom wall.\"A rabbit!\" she laughed with all the delight of a four-year old.Her blue eyes shone with pride as she showed me the animated image she had created.\"Daddy, will you show me how to make a tiger?\" she asked.\"Sure,\" I said, \"and then we'll read a story and tell your angels goodnight.\"To my youngest daughter, that meant her bedtime prayer. Today my daughter is seven, and I no longer get to read the story.She reads it to me, complete with expressive accents for the story characters. To say I'm proud of our relationship would be an understatement.We have shared days of joy as well as tragedy.Our time together has strengthened the relationship of love and special \" _ \" that is all our own. I am richer for having planted the spirit of trust in this gentle little person; we have grown together spiritually, learning much from each other.The special times we spend together, like nights by a Pinocchio lamp, create memories that we will treasure for the rest of our lives. So it is with all of our relationships.The trust factor is vital for relationships to develop.Think of one of your fondest memories, and you will no doubt find a remarkable relationship at its center--one with a spiritual quality that shines outward from the heart. Time together, caring acts, and unconditional love build trust.I suggest that we each spend plenty of time with our personal \"Pinoechio lamps\"--those special ways that we choose to strengthen our relationships. Relationships take time to develop and maintain.It is not always easy, but the results are priceless.\"Nights by a Pinoechio lamp\", wherever those might be for you, will create enduring relationships of golden \"life stuff\", spiritual gifts that no one can take away. \n Answer: It's not worth spending time developing relationship if you meet the failure at last.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7351bbb761484bf185695432e8bad9a2",
            "input": "Article: As an experienced photojournalist in Nashville, Tennessee, I was hired by USA Today newspaper to photograph a spinal bifida   corrective surgical procedure. It was to be performed on a twenty-one week old fetus in uterus at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. At that time, in 1999, twenty-one weeks in uterus was the earliest that the surgical team would consider for surgery. The worst possible outcome would be that the surgery would cause premature delivery, and no child born earlier than twenty-three weeks had survived. The tension could be felt in the operating room as the surgery began. A typical C-section cut was made to access the uterus, which was then lifted out and laid at the junction of the mother's thighs . The entire procedure would take place within the uterus, and no part of the child was to breach the surgical opening. During the procedure, the position of the fetus was adjusted by gently moving the outside of the uterus. The entire surgical procedure on the child was completed in one hour and thirteen minutes. When it was over, the surgical team breathed a sigh of relief, as did I. As a doctor asked me what speed of film I was using, out of the corner of my eye I saw the uterus shake, but no one's hands were near it. _ was shaking from within. Suddenly, an entire arm thrust out of the opening, then pulled back until just a little hand was showing. The doctor reached over and lifted the hand, which reacted and squeezed the doctor's finger. As if testing for strength, the doctor shook the tiny fist. Samuel held firm. I took the picture! Wow! It happened so fast that the nurse standing next to me asked, \"What happened?\" \"The child reached out,\" I said. \"Oh. They do that all the time,\" she responded. The surgical opening to the uterus was closed and the uterus was then put back into the mother and the C-section opening was closed. It was ten days before I knew if the picture was even in focus . To ensure no digital manipulation  of images before they see them, USA Today requires that film be submitted unprocessed. When the photo editor finally phoned me he said, \"It's the most incredible picture I've ever seen.\" \n Answer: An Amazing Moment",
            "output": [
                "What may be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6034e3f5968a434b89fb46a60bb4225e",
            "input": "Article: The relationship between exercise and cancer has long both intrigued and puzzled oncologists and exercise physiologists. Exercise is strongly associated with lowered risks for many types of cancer. At the same time, exercise involves biological stress, which typically leads to a short-term increase in inflammation  which can contribute to higher risks for many cancers. Now, a new study in mice may offer some clues into the exercise-cancer paradox. It suggests that exercise may change how the immune system deals with cancer by boosting adrenaline , certain immune cells and other chemicals that, together, can reduce the severity of cancer or fight it off altogether. To try to better understand how exercise can both elevate inflammation and simultaneously protect the body against cancer, scientists at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark and other institutions decided to closely examine what happens inside mice at high risk for the disease. So, for the new study, they began by gathering a group of adult lab mice. These animals generally like to run. The scientists then implanted melanoma   skin cancer cells into the mice before providing half of them with running wheels in their cages while the other animals remained sedentary. After four weeks, far fewer of the runners had developed full-blown melanoma than the sedentary mice and those that had been diagnosed with the disease showed fewer and smaller lesions. They drew blood from both the exercising and sedentary animals and cells from any tumors in both groups. As expected, they found much higher levels of the hormone adrenaline in the blood of the exercising animals, especially right after they had been working out on the wheels but also at other times of the day. The body releases adrenaline in response to almost any type of stressful experience, including exercise. They also found higher levels of interleukin-6 in the blood of the runners. This is a substance that is released by working muscles and is believed to both increase and decrease inflammation in the body, depending on where and how it goes to work. Perhaps most important, they found much higher numbers in the bloodstreams of runners than in the sedentary mice of a type of immune cell named natural killer cells that are known to be strong cancer fighters. So the scientists repeated their original experiment multiple times, inducing cancer while allowing some mice to run and others to sit. In some of these follow-up experiments, the scientists injected the runners with a substance that blocked the production of adrenaline and gave sedentary animals large doses of added adrenaline. What they now found was that when running mice could not produce adrenaline, they developed cancer at the same rate as the sedentary animals, while the sedentary animals that had been injected with extra adrenaline fought off their tumors better than other sitting mice. More remarkably, the scientists determined that adrenaline seemed to be sending biochemical signals to some of the animals' IL-6 cells, making them physiologically more alert, so that when a tumor began to develop in the affected animal, those IL-6 cells in turn activated the natural killer cells in the bloodstream and actually directed them to the tumors, like minute guide fish. With these results, \"we show that voluntary wheel running in mice can reduce the growth of tumors, and we have identified an exercise-dependent mobilization of natural killer cells as the underlying cause of this protection,\" said Pernille Hojman, a researcher at the University of Copenhagen who oversaw the new study. It perhaps provides one more incentive for us to get up and move. \n Answer: Natural killer cells are much more in the bloodstreams of runners than in the sedentary mice.",
            "output": [
                "In the first experiment, which one is the most important result the scientists found?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e20fc51be5104db6939ff8e56d3c0751",
            "input": "Article: Last year, I was on a plane with my friend, waiting for it to take off. The pilot's voice was heard throughout the plane: \"Sorry for the delay, ladies and gentlemen. Our engines don't work. We are going to jump-start them. _ \" That was all he said. \"See what happens?\" Shouldn't we have had a better plan than that? At that point. I could only laugh nervously. One woman started crying, \"Oh no! We are going to crash!'' There were sighs of hopelessness and anxiety, and we hadn't even taken off yet. The pilot even seemed unhappy. He told us our one engine was working double time, and his plan was to get up in the air and see what happens! Then we did. We got up in the air, and what happened? Nothing. We arrived in Norfolk, and no sooner had the wheels touched down than applause burst out as everyone on the airplane breathed a sigh of relief. All too often, people stop trying to achieve their goals just because they don't have a guaranteed   result. But success will never be guaranteed. The best thing that you can do is just get up in the air, and see what happens. While I do prefer planning better than \"see what happens\" when it comes to flying, it really isn't such a bad idea for life. If your effort is to build a business then get up in the air and see what happens! Don't give yourself all the reasons why you can't. Do not wait until you have everything you need. You never will! If your goal is to start a friendship, say \"Hello\", get up in the air and see what happens! The results could be very rewarding. If your goal is to learn a new skill, get up in the air and see what happens! It might not be as difficult as your think. It could be fun! \n Answer: Anxious.",
            "output": [
                "How did the author feel when the pilot said the engines didn't work?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-75fe2670ad424cb28c84cccb8dec7997",
            "input": "Article: A number of scientific studies have suggested that repeatedly heading a football could increase the risk of developing dementia   in later life. In 2002, former England international footballer Jeff Astle died aged 59. A coroner   said that Astle died from a brain disease likely to have been caused by \"repeated small damages to the brain\" related to heading a heavy leather football. Dr. Scott Delaney, research director of emergency medicine at McGill University Health Center in Montreal, Canada, has also researched soccer-related head injury and agrees that head-to-head or elbow-to-head blows are the real risk. In 2007, Delaney carried out a study on footballers aged between 12 and 17 that showed they were half as likely to be concussed   wearing headgear   than without. He said youngsters have a higher risk of head injury than adults because their heads are thinner and less able to absorb shock. To make matters worse, their neck muscles aren't as well developed and they often lack the correct heading technique that can help throw away the force of the ball. Delaney recommends that children wear headgear when playing football and says his two eldest children wear head protection playing the sport. But he admits that children can be unwilling to be the first to wear head protection--especially when their football heroes play without it. While headgear can protect footballers from being concussed during a match, no one knows the long-term effects of repeated \"sub-concussive\" blows to the head. Delaney says that while there is indirect evidence that a career in soccer can lead to dementia, no one has yet found a sure link between the two. He says proving a link would mean monitoring hundreds of footballers for three or four decades--and that would take a lot of funding. \n Answer: Playing football may lead to brain damage.",
            "output": [
                "Which might be the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-54cad280a511454f905712bfc3169de1",
            "input": "Article: When people imagine a classroom, they usually think of older people teaching younger ones. But when it comes to learning about high-technology devices, the opposite can often be true. A training program called the 50 Plus Center in the eastern American city of Columbia, Maryland offers free technology classes to adults over 50. The training program also offers many other kinds of lectures from Qigong and Tai Chi to yoga and Latin jam dance. There are a lot of exercise programs including playing cards and physical exercises where many people just relax and spend some time together. Myra Stafford is 73 years old. She signed up for the class to learn how to use her iPad. She is learning quickly with the help of the young and she enjoys learning from them. She says she is more confident today than she was before. Working with young people makes her feel wonderful because they don't make her feel that she is old or dumb. Eleven-year-old Zhion Perekins is a teacher of the technology class. He says some of the older adults know nothing about high-technology devices and they are very anxious, so patience is very important when working with them. He gains more than just social skills from teaching older residents. He has learned a lot on how to communicate with people. He used to be a shy person, but now he has become outgoing. There is a huge growing population over 60. The training program offers an opportunity for the old people to buy products online using high-technology devices. As senior citizens get more excited about what they want to buy, it is likely that they will go into the market and buy it, so that could lead to an increase in economy. \n Answer: The young.",
            "output": [
                "Who usually act as the teachers in the 50 Plus Center?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d4c34a12bf4443e29a93cb95d9b01b04",
            "input": "Article: After an extra day in space,the crew of Discovery returned to Earth,landing at Edwards Air Force Base in California early on Tuesday morning.The shuttle and its crew spent two weeks in space,most of it aboard the International Space Station.It was the first flight of NASA's spaceshuttle fleet since February 2003,when the shuttle Columbia came apart while reentering Earth's atmosphere. NASA officials delayed Discovery's return for one day because of cloudy weather in Florida,where the shuttle was supposed to lanD. On Tuesday morning,mission controllers directed Discovery to a landing site in California,where the skies were clear.The crew members will have to wait until Wednesday to see their families when they all meet together in Houston at the Johnson Space Center. Discovery had a very busy mission in space,compared to past missions.The space shuttle docked with the International Space Station most of the journey,delivering badly needed supplies and repairing damaged parts.The crew spent a lot of time testing new repair techniques on their own shuttle,conducting three different spacewalks(where astronauts exit the space shuttle to do work outside).On the third spacewalk,astronaut Steve Robinson went underneath the shuttle to remove material sticking out from between the spacecraft's protective tiles. There were concerns in the last remaining days of Discovery's mission that a torn heat blanket--another shield against overheating in the space shuttle--may pose a problem to crew members. NASA officials and technicians worked on ways that the crew could fix the problem, but later decided it was not a risk. With the shuttle and its crew safely back on firm ground, NASA is hailing this mission, labeled STS114,as a huge success. \"I hope this shows people that we're coming back,\" NASA spaceflight chief Bill Readdy said after Discovery's successful landing. \"We've got some more work to do. We know what we need to do and we'll do it. \n Answer: Finding the cause why the shuttle Columbia came apart.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following isn't included in the jobs of the shuttle Discovery?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-fb7c6a8f68ff418b8a892be607215ec0",
            "input": "Article: \"Football is a very short-term career. Football really prepares you for almost nothing. The only thing I got out of football was the ability to work hard.\" says Gales Sayers. So what do you do after your glory days on the field are over? Here's what one of the top players, Gales Sayers did after _ . Gales Sayers: #40, Chicago Bears, Running Back. Gales Sayers became famous in 1965. After recovering from a serious knee injury in 1968, Sayers returned to the Bears in 1969 and was awarded the George Halas Award as \"the most courageous player in professional football.\" At the award ceremony, he owed his prize to his friend and teammate Brian Piccolo, who was dying of cancer. Sayers couldn't get away from the injuries, though, and another blow to his knee put an end to his football career in 1971. His personal life was unfortunate as well, as he and his wife, Linda, split up that year. Shortly after that, Sayers started a new life and career as an assistant athletic director in the University of Kansas. By 1976 he was moving up the ladder at Southern Illinois University, becoming the first African-American athletic director at a major university. Sayers started a computer supplies company in 1984 with his second wife, Ardie, whom he married in 1973. The couple was looking for a field with a future, and computers seemed to have it all. Seventeen years later, the company that bears his name is a national provider of technology solutions, with 10 locations and over 350 employees across the country. Just like in the old days the honors started rolling in. Sayers was listed into the Chicago Area Entrepreneurship  Hall of Fame in 1999. \n Answer: We are not quite sure.",
            "output": [
                "How many times was Sayers honored in his life?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4d29e138a4b54a6d9454121ca5dad1c2",
            "input": "Article: Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience that was too convenient for my own good: the iPad. Instead of looking at nature, I checked my e-mail. Instead of paddling a small boat, I followed my Twitter feed . Instead of reading great novels, I stuck to reading four newspapers each morning. I was behaving as if I were still in the office. My body was on vacation, but my head wasn't. So this year I made up my mind to try something different: withdrawal from the Internet. I knew it wouldn't be easy, since I'm bad at self-control.  But I was determined.  I started by giving the iPad to my wife. The cellphone signal at our house was worse than in the past, making my attempts at cheating an experience in frustration  . I was trapped, forced to go through with my plan. Largely cut off from e-mail, Twitter and my favorite newspaper websites, I had few ways to connect to the world except for the radio--and how much radio can one listen to, really? I had to do what I had planned to do all along: read books. This experience has had a happy ending. With determination and the strong support of my wife, I won in my vacation straggle against the Internet, realizing finally that it was I, not the iPad, that was the problem. I knew I had won when we passed a Starbucks and my wife asked if I wanted to stop to use the Wi-Fi. \"I don't need it,\" I said. However, as we return to post-vacation life, a harder test begins: Can I continue when I'm back at work? There are times when the need to know what's being said right now is great.  I have no intention of giving up my convenience completely. But I hope to resist the temptation  to check my e-mail every five minutes, which leads to checking my Twitter feed and a website ortwo. I think a vacation is supposed to help you reset your brain to become more productive. Here I hope this one worked. \n Answer: He hated himself for acting as if he were working on vacation.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about the author's last summer vacation?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-52470fb42057415dbb61193d905a2216",
            "input": "Article: Shanghai-More Shanghai people are renting cars to travel over the coming National Day holiday, Tom reported today. Most cars in large local car-rental companies such as Yongda, Anji and Dazhong are leased so far with the Buick Sport Utility Vehichle (SUV) in high demand. Santana and Jetta were previously the most popular car models rented by Shanghai people for travel, while the high-end Buick models have generated great interest among locals renting cars these years. However, the rent on a Buick GL or GS model is between 650 yuan and 750 yuan a day, nearly double those of the Santana and Jetta cars. Compared with Santana, Buick looks better, has greater capabilities and is safer and more comfortable, said a car leaser. \"I don't mind paying a higher cost for a Buick to enjoy the holiday,\" he said. SUV cars are very popular in the car renting market, according to some car rental firms. \"All the 31 Buick GL8SUV cars were leased out several days ago,\" said an employee with the Shanghai Yongda Car Rental Co. Local people are more inclined   to go travel with groups of friends, so SUV cars are a better choice, said an industry analyst  . Moreover, SUV car are safer on rugged and rough roads, the analyst said. According to the data, most people rented cars for seven days; a less number rented them for two or three days. \n Answer: Shanghai Rent SUV Instead of Santana and Jetta",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title for the passage ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-622b7335288e420f911377de8e29e29c",
            "input": "Article: The history of the Games Olympia Olympia, the site of the ancient Olympic Games, is in the western part of the Peloponnese which, according to Greek mythology, is the island of \"Pelops\", the founder of the Olympic Games. Imposing temples, votive buildings, elaborate shrines and ancient sporting facilities  were combined in a site of unique natural and mystical beauty. Olympia functioned as a meeting place for worship and other religious and political practices as early as the 10th century B.C. The central part of Olympia was dominated by the majestic temple of Zeus, with the temple of Hera parallel to it. The ancient stadium in Olympia could hold more than 40,000 audience, while in the surrounding area there were auxiliary  buildings which developed gradually up until the 4th century B.C. and were used as training sites for the athletes or to house the judges of the Games. The Games and religion The Olympic Games were closely linked to the religious festivals of the cult of Zeus, but were not a total part of a rite. Indeed, they had a secular character and aimed to show the physical qualities and development of the performances accomplished by young people, as well as encouraging good relations between the cities of Greece. According to specialists, the Olympic Games owed their purity and importance to religion. Victory ceremonies The Olympic victor received his first awards immediately after the competition. Following the announcement of the winner's name by the herald, a Hellanodikis (Greek judge) would place a palm branch in his hands, while the audience cheered and threw flowers to him. Red ribbons were tied on his head and hands as a mark of victory. The official award ceremony would take place on the last day of the Games, at the elevated vestibule of the temple of Zeus. In a loud voice, the herald would announce the name of the Olympic winner, his father's name, and his homeland. Then, the Hellanodikis placed the sacred olive tree wreath , or kotinos, on the winner's head. \n Answer: The Olympic victor would receive a golden medal.",
            "output": [
                "Which one is TRUE according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-416cc72037da41dda9745a5181b966ce",
            "input": "Article: I got into the teaching profession by choice. I was then in 9th grade, when my mathematics teacher asked me to take a class for a few students to whom the subject seemed difficult. And believe me, I enjoyed the teaching. I never knew teaching would be so interesting. I loved my freshmen and was delighted to teach my so-called students who came up with lots of good questions. After my post graduation, I worked as a software developer with a public sector  in Bangalore for a few years. But I realized that no job could provide me the satisfaction that I experienced while teaching and training. In fact, I feel it was a timely realization for me to choose the teaching profession. I applied to a few colleges, and finally I was chosen as a \"Lecturer\", and I had to lecture graduate and post-graduate students in a college. On the first day, I was nervous thinking that I had to teach the senior classes. But now I can say that taking lectures was one of the best experiences of my life. I was a Computer Science and Information Technology Lecturer, but I tried to help my students with subjects that were not within my domain . It was a new feeling to me every morning before going to the classes. I used to feel energized and excited thinking that the class would be lit up with bright faces to greet me, \"Good morning, Madam\". To me each day was a new beginning, with new feelings, new experiences and new queries . I loved to explore their young minds, read their inquisitive faces when a particular topic seemed tough. It was very challenging to motivate them to take part in the classroom, think critically, question and also respect others' point of view. Though few things never seemed easy, it was very exciting to assure them that they really can. That is the reason, I love to teach. \n Answer: Because he wanted to try more chance to challenge his value.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author refuse working as a software developer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-02d309a90ecd42a7b81e8027aba14f97",
            "input": "Article: Last weekend marked one of the nicest days so far this spring. It was warm with a tiny wind, the sun streamed through lightweight sweaters to warm the skin; the male choir   was warming up, and the students were moving around the lawn   behind the huge crowd of six-thousand-plus observers. With all of the parents, sisters, brothers, grandparents, aunts and uncles, the state university was a center of activity. My nephew was going to receive his bachelor's degree. Who would have guessed that four years would go by so quickly? As the crowd of freshly polished candidates wandered, joked, hugged and chatted behind the bleachers , I heard several cell phones ring. There were several casual conversations going on with the accompanying giggles   of the not-quite-mature students, but then one conversation in particular caught my attention: \"Yes, Grandma, I'm really graduating. I can't believe it, either! I never thought I'd be here today, you know? Really! Like, I know it! Yes, it's a very special day. Oh, what did the doctor say? He did? I know, Gran... I know you wanted to come... It's okay... No, really, please don't cry...It's a very happy day, you know? \"Hold on, we're lining up okay, all set... yes, the center aisle  ... the grass is awesome! Smells really good, too... Oh wow, they've got like a million balloons they're going to release! Yes, Kelly's here... Okay, I'll give her your love... here we go! Gran, I'm graduating! \"Love you, too, Gran. I'm so glad you could be here with me!\" And somehow, my initial  dislike at the use of cell phones and the casual conservations during such a serious occasion left me. For these little representatives of modern technology had joined a young woman and her fond Gran to share a very special moment in time. \n Answer: At an important sports game.",
            "output": [
                "Where did the story take place?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-91b3e3578dd44ffba6a9f4b00211cd9a",
            "input": "Article: Venus is known as the Earth' \"twin\" because the planets are so like each other in size. The diameter   of Venus is about 7,520 miles (12,100km), about 400 miles (644km) smaller than that of the earth. No other planet comes closer to the earth than Venus. At its nearest approach it is about 25,000,000 miles (402,000,000km) away. As seen from the earth, Venus is the first planet or star that can be seen in the western sky in the evening. At other times, it is the last planet or star that can be seen in the eastern sky in the morning. When Venus is near its brightest point, it can be seen in the daylight. Early astronomers called the object that appeared in the evening Hesperus, and Phosphorus in the morning. Later they realized these two objects were the same planet. They named it Venus in honor of the Roman goddess of love and beauty. \n Answer: It can sometimes be seen together with the sun in the sky.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT a fact about Venus?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b4352ca11f6042609d6f1d1413ca69d7",
            "input": "Article: A good friend of mine lives about one hour away. I called her last week and found out that she wasn't doing well at work, which would make the following year a little more difficult. After hanging up the phone, I decided to offer to help her, but I couldn't think of what to do. However, opportunities come themselves when you're not even looking for. A few days later, some friends and I happened to be eating desserts at a restaurant in her city. As we were looking at the menu, I turned to my friends and asked them if they wanted to join in a game. After explaining the idea, they decided to take 15 minutes to _ . We ordered an extra dessert, wrote a note, added a smile card and were off. However, there was one problem: I had no idea where she was. Therefore, it was time to rely on the network. I called up a friend and got him to call her to see what she was doing and found out that she was at work. We drove to her work place and one of my friends became the delivery person.He went in to look for my friend, found her, didn't really answer her questions and walked out, saying he's simply a delivery person. He ran out quickly and I bent down as we drove by to make sure she didn't follow him out. Afterwards, all of us had this huge smile on our faces. We felt as if we had just planned a surprise party or something. A simple opportunity turned into a moment that many of us can now share. \n Answer: Because she failed a test.",
            "output": [
                "Why is the following year a little more difficult for the author's friend?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-72edb648b8b74f3badb6677b3ec81319",
            "input": "Article: Encouragement and praise can come in many forms, and some ways are better for child development than others. Researchers at the University of Chicago who studied mother-child interactions   found that the type of praise children receive affects their attitudes towards challenges later in life. Specifically, praise that focused on their behavior and the choices that kids made helped them deal with difficult experiences better five years later, compared with praise that focused more on the child himself, like \"You're a good boy.\" The study, which appears in the journal Child Development, is the first major study of praise and child development done outside of a lab setting. \"It's exciting to see _ play out in the real world,\" said Elizabeth Gunderson who led the study. \"Praising the efforts, actions and work of kids is going to be more beneficial in their long-term persistence and desire to be challenged and work hard in the future.\" Such \"process praise\" includes comments such as \"You worked really hard\", which emphasize a child's actions. \"Person praise\" includes comments like \"You're so smart\", which focus on a child's personal qualities. These distinctions   aren't new in the field of psychology, but exactly how they affect children's development over the years hasn't always been clear. As part of the study, the researchers visited the homes of more than 50 kids between the ages of 1 and 3, and filmed their daily interactions with their parents during 90-minute sessions. Five years later, the researchers followed up with the families, measuring the children's attitudes towards challenges and problem solving. The children who grew up with more process praise were more open to challenges. Though person praise didn't seem to have any negative effect on the children, the study suggests that process praise teaches children that their talents and abilities can be developed and improved, while person praise sends the message that their abilities are fixed and therefore not easily changed. \n Answer: You did a good job!",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following belongs to \"progress praise\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6d19d864cb22415eb0d1c4aa6bc613a9",
            "input": "Article: Former Irish President Mary Robinson was just making a polite conversation with an Ethiopian   teenager about her wedding day. The 16yearold had already been married for a year. \"She looked at me with the saddest eyes and said, 'I had to drop out of school',\" Robinson said in a telephone interview. \"That conveyed to me the reality,\" said Robinson, the first woman to serve as Ireland's president and former U.N. high commissioner for human fights. \"Her life, as far as she is concerned, had more or less ended.\" Robinson said keeping girls in school was one of the most important things policymakers could do to address the coming challenges of an ever-increasing population, predicted by the United Nations to reach 7 billion soon. \"European countries are concerned about aging populations as is Japan, but this is much less of an issue than the huge number of people which we are going to see over the next 40 years when the population goes from 7 billion to 9 billion,\" she said. \"Almost all of that increase will be in poor developing countries, so that we have a very big challenge.\" Family planning experts worry in particular about the future population explosion in subSaharan Africa. In May, the United Nations projected the world population would reach 9.3billion in 2050 and 10.1 billion by 2100. Much of that growth will come from Africa, where the population is growing at 2.3 percent a year--more than double Asia's 1 percent growth rate. If that rate stays consistent, which is not certain, Africa's population will reach 3.6 billion by 2100 from the present 1 billion. Joel Cohen, a professor of population studies at Rockefeller University and Columbia University in New York, said universal secondary education offered a way to reduce population in high birthrate regions. In addition to providing information about birth control, a secondary education teaches women to reduce their own fertility  , improve the health of their children and allows them to move from a mindset of having many children, in the hopes that some will survive to improving the quality of each child's life, Cohen wrote in the journal Nature. \n Answer: Robinson encourages female education.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-70569a76f85d4932aa7e0a7cecdb4ae6",
            "input": "Article: Buster Brown was a thief and a good one too, he thought.  He'd never been caught by the police because he never took chances. He was always prepared for any unforeseen event or emergency. Confidently, he stood outside the house of his intended victim and read the sign on the front gate of the house. \"Don't worry about the dog--be aware of the owner!\" it said. Buster smiled and found his way in. The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very _ with fascinating objects on show. As he began putting them into his bag, a dog came into the room. It stopped when it saw Buster, then wagged its tail madly and went over to him, licking his outstretched hand. \"Good boy, \"Buster whispered. \"What a great guard dog you are--trying to lick  me to death.\"      Satisfied he'd made friends with the dog, Bluster began to wander round the house, choosing items to put in his bag. His skilled eye picked out only the best antiques :a pair of silver candle holders, a silver tea-and-coffee service, etc. . His new friend, the dog, sat and watched, as if wondering what was happening. \"Well, boy,\" Buster whispered, finally. \"That might do. Any more and I won't be able to carry it! \" He swung the heavy bag onto his shoulders, just as the lights came on, nearly blinding him. He shielded his eyes with his hand. \"You're a very silly person,\" the figure in the doorway said, his voice dry and dust. As the man came closer, Buster could see he was well dressed. His face seemed familiar, but Buster couldn't quite place where he had seen him before. \"You should have taken more notice of the sign outside,\" the man rasped. \"I knew about this attempted robbery last week and I also know you will end up behind bars for 20 years. Fancy trying to rob the house of the world's greatest fortune -teller!\" \n Answer: He had never been caught by the police.",
            "output": [
                "Why was Buster so confident?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-645912cbe7d74a75a5de47263bda8420",
            "input": "Article: The Hunan Satellite TV (HNTV) show \"Where are we going, Dad?\" is a big hit. Many famous stars brought their children to a strange village alone, and they had to spend 72 hours with their children there. The program fully showed us a modern version of the \"how to be a good father\". As the young parents today are too busy to take care of their children, this new form of\"Lost on the way\"played by nanny   daddy and cute kids triggered a lot of people's emotional resonance . Both the kids and their parents will find that their hearts are being drawn closer. But this kind of feeling has just proved that there is a big spiritual barrier between the modern parents and children. The TV shows like \"Children are hard to support!\", \"Where are we going, Dad?\", \"hot mom\" and \"cute kids\" are becoming more and more popular. All of these show the new parents' confusion in children's education and the appeal for the balance between career and family. In real life, on the one hand, the young parents feel helpless because they are too busy to accompany their children under the pressures of work and life; on the other hand, they continue to do so. The data collected by HNTV show that nearly two-thirds of their audience are female, among whom 36% are aged from 25 to 34. We can imagine such a scene that one evening a young mother is watching the show with her young children, while her husband is still at work or trapped in socializing, or maybe is just playing computer games in the bedroom. The story of a child without the company of father is still going on. In fact, it is sometimes the same to mothers. In a modern family, it is often the old who take the responsibility for raising a child. The participation of mother in the children's education is also very low. It is just this kind of confusion where the parents have gone in the modern family education, and where the parents will guide their children to go that \"Where are we going, Dad?\" shows us. If a child wants to grow up healthily and safely into a modern citizen with independent personality and free spirit, it is very important for him or her to follow the parents who serve as their first teacher. Maybe this is the real reason why such kind of TV programs could get hot. The truth is that children will go where their parents go, and society will go where the children go. \n Answer: Parents shouldn't entirely leave the education of children to the old.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following can be inferred in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ea07d13d0f9a4854be0182616a6c655e",
            "input": "Article: Imagine the following scenario : A woman buys her lunch every day from a fast food outlet near her job. After some years, she finds herself 30 pounds overweight, and feeling unhealthy. So what does she do? She chooses to bring a lawsuit against the fast food outlet, claiming that the food served there was the cause of her being overweight and in poor health. Sounds ridiculous, doesn't? The only thing more absurd than the story itself is the fact that is not fiction. There are people who have sued fast food chains for causing their weight problems. This is an example of one of the ways in which many of us spend enormous amounts of energy trying to deny the undeniable and universal fact that we are all ultimately responsible for our own choices and our own lives. How much easier would we make it for ourselves if we could accept this fact rather than resist it? But how can we embrace the truth, that we are living the lives we choose to live, that we are enjoying or suffering the consequences  of our own choices, and that blaming others for our problems and shortcomings is nothing more than a comfortable fantasy? We must acknowledge the truth of our lives, however unpleasant this may be. If we are overweight, in a bad relationship, in a dead end, we need to accept that this is where we are, at this moment in time. Imagine that woman decided that she was unhappy with the extra pounds she'd gained after many years of eating fast food on a regular basis. Imagine that this woman took the time to really understand and accept that she and no one else was responsible for her eating choices. Having acknowledged this fact, she then decides to make the changes in her lifestyle to become the healthier, slimmer person she wants to be. \n Answer: Be responsible for Our Own Choices.",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4ec3ed98dae844d0811f2a00e879b1f2",
            "input": "Article: Nowadays, pollution is becoming worse and worse. A starry night seems to be a luxury for people living in cities. Is there any ideal place for stargazers ? A small town in New Zealand is here to surprise you with its breathtaking starry night sky. Lake Tekapo is located at the heart of New Zealand's South Island. It has been a popular tourist destination for stargazers. At night, innumerable stars dot the sky above the small town. The Milky Way and various constellations can be clearly seen. Visitors can also watch meteors shooting across the sky. For people living in big cities, these can only be seen in movies or fairytales. Though stargazing is common for people in Lake Tekapo, the local people have paid great attention to protecting their starry night sky. After midnight, all landscape lights must be turned off. In 2005, Lake Tekapo's starry night sky was even listed as a world heritage . Besides its starry sky, the town has many other things to offer. One of them is the flower, Russell Lupin. Every summer, Russell Lupins make Lake Tekapo more attractive. However, once the Russell Lupins die off, the banks of Lake Tekapo look bare. After reading the above introduction of Lake Tekapo, you must envy the local people a lot, because they can see the starry sky every night and appreciate the beauty of Russell Lupin every summer. If you are interested in Lake Tekapo, why not go and visit it this coming summer vacation? \n Answer: To observe its starry night sky",
            "output": [
                "Why do people go to Lake Tekapo according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4ad511f10b4745af9711bc81a6913d61",
            "input": "Article: A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities and food experiences. \"One week later,\" Loftus says, \"we told those people we'd fed their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.\" Some accounts included one key additional detail. \"You got sick after eating strawberry ice-cream.\" The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured   memory through leading questions --- Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study, up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they'd avoid eating it. When Loftus published her findings, she started getting calls from people begging her to make them remember hating chocolate or French fries. Unfortunately, it's not that easy. False memories appear to work only for foods you don't eat on a regular basis. But most importantly, it is likely that false memories can be implanted   only in people who are unaware of the mental control. And lying to a patient is immoral , even if a doctor believes it's for the patient's benefit. Loftus says there's nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. \"I say, wake up --- parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that, you might think that's more moral lie. Decide that for yourself.\" \n Answer: To find out details she can make use of.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ed6f4a4742f1498e95fcca0dfa3df593",
            "input": "Article: Anne Sanders was practicing soccer moves, which was not normal. Usually, Anne only plays basketball. She wins every basketball game she plays, and she loses at any other game.  \"Anne\", I waved to her. \"Why are you playing soccer?\" \"Well, the gym teacher is doing something different,\" she said. \"There are teams of four and partners of two.We get to pick our partners, and I want someone to pick me. \"Anne held up a list. \"It looks like I'm on a team with you, Stacey, and Paul,\" I said.  \"Stacey is my best friend.Maybe we can be together: \" Just then,  Stacey and Paul came over.  They had heard of the teams. \"Do you want to be partners, Stacey?\" I asked. \"Well, I was going to be partners with Paul,\" she claimed. I didn't blame her. Paul was as fast as a rocket, and my nickname was \"Snail\".  \"But we are best friends,\" said Stacey.  \"So I guess I'II be with you. \" It was our first game. Stacey went to talk to some other friends afterwards, and Paul and Anne were talking about winning their game. I was sipping on my water, when I overheard Stacey, \"She's worse than I thought; if I played the team alone,, I would have won easily. She's worse than a snail.  She's more like a statue. \" That night, I felt terrible for losing and mad at Stacey for calling me a statue. After all, she was my best friend and my only friend. Anyway, the phone rang, and it was Stacey. At first, I thought she might apologize, but no such luck. \"Allison,  the game tomorrow is canceled, \"  she said. \"Okay,\" I replied.  \"Sorry about the game today\", Stacey hung up on me. The next day, I went over to the soccer field. I knew the game was canceled, but maybe I could help clean up.But instead of a mess, I saw a soccer game in progress.  Stacey and were playing, and Anne was hiding in the corner.  \"Paul made me pretend to be sick, \"  she whispered.  \"He wants to play with Stacey because she's so fast. \" So Anne and I went to get ice cream.  Even if I lost Stacey ,I just created a lifelong friendship. \n Answer: Because she didn't want to be left out.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Anne practice playing soccer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d73b4402590e455c984689915a4b0bcb",
            "input": "Article: The month of May is not only a graduation month in the US, but also a month when some families hold reunions.Have you ever considered why it is important that families get together in one place for a particular time? I believe the reason is honor. Family reunions are a time we can take out of our busy schedules and spend quality time with our extended families .It is a time when we can make our sisters, brothers, aunts, uncles, grandparents, and others we love a priority  in our life. Some reunions take place over a picnic lunch and some last a whole weekend.They can be costly and are sometimes crazy.But the truth is, when people you love grow up and move away, getting together for a family reunion and holding that family bond together is so important. Family reunions build a renewed closeness as we mix with our relatives.We sit and talk about old times and listen to the stories that our older and wiser relatives love to share.As the children run and play and get to know each other, we sit and revisit our childhood memories and enjoy the short time we have together. The best part of a family reunion is the time spent simply being around the people you care about A reunion shows how important it is to take time for each other.When you receive a family reunion invitation, make it a priority in your life.It's a great chance to see your relatives once again, give them a big hug and enjoy the time you have with them. \n Answer: Make time to attend a family reunion.",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-edd2228da6a9411db47e2a48abc4313f",
            "input": "Article: My father quit driving in 1927, when he was 25 years old.So my brother and I grew up in a household without a car.In 1951,when my brother turned 16, my parents bought a used 1950 Chevrolet from a friend.Since my parents didn't drive, it more or less became my brother's car. Having a car but not being able to drive didn't bother my father, but it didn't make sense to my mother.So in 1952, when she was 43 years old, she learned to drive.For the next 45 years or so, until she was 90, my mother was the driver in the family. After my father retired when he was 70, he almost always accompanied my mother whenever she drove anywhere, even if he had no reason to go along.One day my father said to me, \"Do you want to know the secret of a long life?\"          \"I guess so,\" I said, knowing it probably would be something bizarre  .          \"No left turns.\" he said.          \"What?\" I asked.  \"No left turns,\" he repeated.\"Think about it.Three rights are the same as a left and that's a lot safer.Several years ago, your mother and I read an article that said most accidents that old people are in happen when they turn left in front of oncoming traffic.As you get older, your eyesight worsens.So your mother and I decided never again to make a left turn.\" \"You're kidding!\" I said, and I turned to my mother for support.\"No.\" she said. \"Your father is right.We make three rights.It works.\" But then she added: \"Except when your father  _ .\"          \"Loses count?\" I asked.          \"Yes,\" my father admitted, \"that sometimes happens.But it's not a problem.You just make seven rights, and you're okay again.\"          I couldn't resist.\"Do you ever go for 11 ?\" I asked.          \"No,\" he said \"If we miss it at seven, we just come home and call it a bad day.          Besides, nothing in life is so important it can't be put off another day or another week.\"          My mother was never in an accident all through her life. \n Answer: In 1927.",
            "output": [
                "When did the parents have their first son according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-63919f74627f4be5972e9b202779cc6d",
            "input": "Article: With golden sunshine and a gentle breeze  , autumn is the most beautiful seasons in the year. This is a great time to go outside and have fun. Go to a valley to see red maple trees , go and pick fruit in an orchard or find an open field to fly your kite in. However, for many high school students, these great activities may be just a dream. With plenty of work to do, they spend all their hours indoors, struggling for a high mark in their exams. Of course, study is one of the most important things for teenagers. But life is definitely much more than that. Sometimes we spend so much time studying that we forget how to make life wonderful. In doing so, we lose the real purpose of life --to be a valuable and happy person. To enjoy just how great it is to be alive, we have to put down our books and pens and look around us. Students, take some exercise to improve your health, talk with your parents and friends for understanding and walk around outside to refresh   your body and mind. Going out and enjoying the beautiful countryside often helps our creativity in our work. Chinese craftsman, Lu Ban created a saw to help woodworkers. But if he hadn't walked outside, he would not have been inspired by a kind of toothed   grass. We could also suppose if Newton hadn't rested under that apple tree, then he wouldn't have been hit by an apple, and his classic   theories would not have come out. Going out is not only a break from hard work, but a chance to add to life experience. So come on, give your brain a good rest. Step out of the books and get your bag ready for an autumn outing. We are sure you will get much more than knowledge from the exciting journey. \n Answer: They think study is the most important thing for them.",
            "output": [
                "Why is going out a dream for many high school students?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8fb191a3ec2340a299e9f54b4afafac3",
            "input": "Article: John H. Johnson was born in a black family in Arkansas City in 1981. His father died in an accident when John was six. He was reaching the high school age, but his hometown offered no high school for blacks. Fortunately he had a strong--willed caring mother. John remembered that his mother told him many times, \"Son, you can be anything you want really to be if you just believe.\" She told him not to depend on others, including his mother. \"You have to learn success\" she said. \"All the people who work hard don't succeed, but the only people who do succeed are those who work hard.\" These words, came from a woman with less than a third grade education. She also knew that believing and hard work don't mean everything. So she worked hard as a cook for two years to save enough to take her son, who was then 15, to Chicago. Chicago in 1933 was not the promised land that black southerners were looking for. John's mother and stepfather could not find work. But here John could go to school, and here he learned the power of words--as an editor of the newspaper and yearbook at Du Sable High School. His wish was to publish a magazine for blacks. While others discouraged him, John's mother offered him more words to live by \"Nothing beats a failure but a try.\" She also let him pawn  her furniture to get the $ 500 he needed to start the Negro magazine. It is natural that difficulties and failures followed john closely until he become very successful. He always keeps his mother's words in mind:\" Son, failure is not in your vocabulary!\" Now John H. Johnson is one of the 400 richest people in America--worth  $150 million. \n Answer: The mental support John's mother gave him.",
            "output": [
                "What does the story mainly want to show us?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-82f5da91632d4414b75ffb3902460b36",
            "input": "Article: Michael Jackson, the American pop legend, died of a cardiac arrest   in a Los Angeles hospital, just weeks before he hoped to resurrect   his four-decade long career with a series of sold-out shows in London. The pop superstar was taken to the University of California at Los Angeles medical centre last night, and doctors tried resuscitation (,) in the ambulance. He did not regain consciousness and was reported dead about three hours later.     \"My brother, the legendary King of Pop, passed away on Thursday 25 June at 2:26pm,\" his brother Jermaine said, \"We believe he suffered a cardiac arrest at his home, however the cause of his death is unknown until the results of the autopsy   are known. The personal physician who was with him at the time attempted to resuscitated him.\"     A spokesman for the UCLA medical centre said, \"When he arrived at hospital at approximately l:14pm, a team of doctors attempted to resuscitate him for a period of more than one hour, but they were unsuccessful.\" Police said they were investigating, which is the standard procedure in such cases.     Jackson's death brought a tragic end to a long decline from his peak in the 1980s when he was music's greatest all-around performer, a uniter of black and white music who shattered the race barrier on MTV. His 1982 album Thriller, which included the blockbuster hits Beat It, Billie Jean and Thriller is still the best-selling album of all time, with over 50m copies sold worldwide. The world famous entertainer had planned a series of 50 concerts in London from 12 July. Although in the last two decades his reputation was destroyed by charges of child molestation   and his fantastic public behavior, all tickets were sold within hours, proving the King of Pop had enduring appeal. \n Answer: In a Los Angeles hospital.",
            "output": [
                "Where did Michael Jackson die?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-280824ef71d747c888bd9f9c8de8c124",
            "input": "Article: Attractions in Wisconsin  _  30 N. Carroll Street on Madison's Capital Square Discover Wisconsin's history and culture on four floors of exhibits. Open for public program. Admission is free. Open Tuesday through Saturday, 9:00am---4:00pm. ( 608 ) 264-6555  www.wisconsinhistory.org/museum  _  612 Seventh Ave., New Glares The Swiss Historical Village offers a delightful look at pioneer life in America's heartland.14 buildings in the village give a full picture of every day life in the nineteenth-century Midwest. Tue.---Fri., May 1st---October 31st, 10:00am---4:00pm. Admission is $20 ( 608 ) 527-2317  www.swisshistoricalvillage.com  _  6858 Paoli Rd., Paoli WI One of the largest collections of fine arts and crafts in Wisconsin. Over 5000 sq. ft. of exhibition space in a historical creamery. While visiting enjoy a wonderful prepared lunch at our cafe` overlooking the Sugar River. Just minutes from Madison! Gallery open Tue.--Sun.,10:00am--5:00 pm Cafe` open Wed.--Sat, 11:00 am--3:00 pm Sun. brunch with wine, 10:00---3:00 pm ( 608 ) 845-6600  www.artisangal.com  _  239 Whitney St., Columbus World-class exhibit ---2000 quality souvenirs marking Chicago's 1893 World Columbus Exhibition. Tour buses are always welcome. Open daily, 8:15 am--4:00 pm ( 608 ) 623-1992  www.columbusantiquemall.com \n Answer: Christopher Columbus Museum",
            "output": [
                "Where can you go for a visit on Monday?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4a043506b4964d94a627590f9ea2d969",
            "input": "Article: Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance  in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least socially accepted customs. Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance ; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements. Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than on a sharp _ . This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and white counterparts. \n Answer: Different points of view",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following factors tends to promote social change?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2f7b281eea0b4992b5f45aa683a0741f",
            "input": "Article: Canada is the second largest country in the world after Russia. It stretches from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the high Arctic  to the northern border of the continental U.S.A. Although very much a \"northern\" country, the geography of Canada is very  _ . As well as the popular image of Canada as a country of forests, there are also deserts and badlands , rain forests and long and wide beaches. Canada has huge inland lakes, evergreen forests, woodlands and meadows. Canada's coastlines are thousands of miles long, with long, wild rivers leading to the oceans. In contrast  to the expanses of open country, Canada also has its share of urban areas. The majority of the population and heavy industry is in the two provinces of Quebec and Ontario, but large and modern cities are spread across the land from the Atlantic to the Pacific, all within a few hours drive, at most, from the border with the United States. Business is active throughout the country, The Prairie Provinces with their vast fields of grain help to feed the world. The fisheries on both the West and the East Coast are widespread. Oil and natural gas have recently been discovered off the East Coast. The Trans-Canada Highway links the country from coast to coast, there is an extensive  network of railways, and a widespread network of airline routes serving both major and remote  communities. The rural areas are less populated, with more and more people leaving for the larger towns and cities. The lands to the north are much less developed, but as some of these areas are used for their plenty of natural resources, populations are growing. \n Answer: A general introduction of Canada.",
            "output": [
                "What does the passage mainly tell us about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6977e11b4ddd47678f459b41e3821a94",
            "input": "Article: prefix = st1 /Pennsylvania--When Connie Beck and her husband awoke to strange noises last weekend, they thought high winds were rattling their home. What they found was even more unexpected: A deer was taking a bubble bath in their bathtub.        \" _ ,\" Mrs. Beck said. \"We were just waking up.\"        The deer burst through the front door early on Saturday, ran past the couple's bedroom and into the bathroom. Somehow he managed to turn on the water in the bathtub and knock over a bottle of bubble bath into the bathtub. He then got himself into the bubbly water.        \"You could hear the water running over the kicking,\" Beck said.        The Becks called State Game Commission officials, who arrived with tranquilizers and a lot of laughter.        \"A guy said, 'There's nothing wrong... he's just in there taking a bubble bath,'\" Mrs. Beck said.        The animal was soon brought under control, removed from the house and released.        \"He was unharmed except for a little cut above the eye,\" said Mrs. Beck. \"We were also fortunate. There wasn't much damage, except for the front door, some marks on the tub, and a few hoof prints on the floor.\" \n Answer: On Sunday evening.",
            "output": [
                "When did the story take place?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-48e548b19ed84136a85eb14807031aa0",
            "input": "Article: For any person who must speak in public, to business or pleasure groups, humor is a helpful, and necessary, tool for getting your message across. Why does humor work a lot? There are several reasons. People will enjoy what you have to say if it is presented with humor. But, more importantly, if you are in a situation where important, and perhaps controversial , ideas must be presented to less than open minds, humor allows those ideas to be presented in a non-threatening   manner. Abraham Lincoln was famous for his ability to relate humorous stories to make a point. Humor used carefully throughout a presentation will also keep the listener's interest high. In a word, individuals learning how to use humor in their speeches can strengthen arguments, support interesting presentations and, most of all, entertain their audience in a positive and comfortable way. While popular culture may well hold many kinds of humor, some of it has no place in presentations that are designed to educate and encourage the audience. If you want to become a professional stand-up   comedian whose goal is 100% entertainment, then you may be able to use some of the reference materials like The Art of Using Humor in Public Speaking. They can help you develop your skills and sources of humor. To that _ , your participation in this study of humor will become necessary. Hopefully, you will come to appreciate the special difficulty of entertaining the audience with good and clean humor. \n Answer: Three.",
            "output": [
                "How many reasons does the author give for using humor?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-18cfb016753c45d78578216df6e0847c",
            "input": "Article: School children are using mobile phone applications to do their homework, which seem to beincreasing during summer vacations. But instead of blaming students for their behavior, we should say noto too much homework. This is important because by using mobile phone applications to do theirhomework, students don't add much to their knowledge, says an article in Guangzhou-based YangchengEvening News. Excerpts  : Using mobile phone applications to do homework is no different from copying from someone else'swork. This is the opinion of a vast majority of teachers. Students who seek cell phone apps help to do theirhomework will pay dearly during major exams when they cannot seek the help of such applications, theteachers say. The heavy load of homework Chinese students are burdened with, said to be the heaviest in the world,has led to the popularity of these applications. Senior high school students in China rarely go to bed before 11 pm. A report in Shanghai published in2013 showed that students in the city on average spend 28.2 hours in class every week, the 9th highestamong 65 countries and regions surveyed. Also, they spend an average of 13.8 hours a week doinghomework, most in the world. There is no association between the amount of homework one does and the amount of knowledge onegathers. In fact, a research by Australian experts shows that the result is exactly the opposite: the morehours students spend doing homework, the less effective they will be in gaining knowledge. The United States is one of the countries where students do little homework, but that has not damagedthe country's academic status in the world. So, it's time Chinese schools understood this fact and freed students of the unnecessary burden ofhomework. \n Answer: Understanding",
            "output": [
                "What's the writer's attitude toward the students' using mobile phone applications to do theirhomework?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-66a95318decd42549598bb39745a09ce",
            "input": "Article: Have you heard of the following places on Earth that look completely alien? Waiotapu, New Zealand  Steam and gases rising through the pool create bubbles of mud, at the site of what was once a volcano. While Waiotapu is a popular tourist spot, visitors are warned to stay on walkways built by the government for fear that they fall through thin crust  surfaces and risk being burned by hot geothermal gases or fluids. Rio Tinto, Spain  Rio Tinto is a river in southwestern Spain that originates in the Sierra Morena mountains of Andalusia. It flows generally south - southwest, reaching the Gulf of Cadiz at Huelva. As a possible result of the mining, Rio Tinto is notable for being very acidic (pH 2) and its deep red color1 is due to iron dissolved in the water. The Pinnacles, Australia This stretch of desert landscape in Australia's Nambung National Park boasts thousands of weathered rock projections that rise out of yellow sand hills -- some topped by round roofs, while others form sharp-edged columns. The spires , some of which reach 11 feet in height, are limestone formations sculpted by wind, vegetation, rain, sun and time over millions of years. Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii The closest thing on Earth to a Venusian environment may be the smooth, black basalt formations on Hawaii's Big Island. One of the best examples of a Venus-like volcano is Kilauea Volcano, the youngest and southernmost volcano on the island, and one of the world's most active. Since 1952, there have been more than 34 eruptions at Kilauea, which in Hawaiian tradition is the home of Pele, the volcano goddess. \n Answer: Because you may be burned if not.",
            "output": [
                "Why are people supposed to stay on walkways in Waiotapu?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5866dbea63564e32bdc9e14a2d603e0a",
            "input": "Article: The parents of a troubled teen may feel unsure as to whom to turn to in order to find help for their child. They may feel as if they have exhausted all of their options, and sometimes they are on the verge of giving up. But there is hope. Schools for troubled teens offer discipline and in some cases, drug treatment programs that can provide important life skills, and more importantly, a fresh start. The following is a list of the most effective types of schools for troubled teens. Not every facility is a match for every child, but by knowing the differences between them, parents can make a better educated decision about where to send their teenager. Boarding Schools When a child is unable to deal with the relative freedom of a standard school day, boarding schools might be a good choice. At boarding schools, the child lives in a dorm setting, where almost every minute of the day is scheduled by school administrators. Treatment Centers When a teenager has an addiction to drugs or alcohol, a residential center that specializes in young people is an outstanding way to help them break the cycle of addiction. Treatment centers feature individual and group counseling to help identify the root causes of the drug problem and help develop the life skills needed to stay clean when the program is over. Wilderness Programs Designed to help improve the discipline and self-reliance of the child, wilderness programs send kids back to nature. By placing them in a foreign and sometimes uncomfortable setting, wilderness programs hope to improve children's behavior. Programs generally include hikes, exercise programs and team building exercises. Boot Camps Boot camps are the most extreme style of school for troubled teens. These facilities are modeled after actual military boot camps, where the individual must get into shape, work as part of a team, and follow a long, hard set of rules and regulations. However, boot camps might not be the best choice for a teen with a drug addiction. \n Answer: Parents.",
            "output": [
                "Who would be the intended readers of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-02e8c6165c8d42adb0e4d3031ec394b8",
            "input": "Article: Katie always felt there had to be something more to life than just partying, buying clothes and driving a cool car. She finally discovered what she was missing out on when she traveled halfway around the world to help poor kids. When she was 14, she discovered a club at school called Operation Smile, an organization that supports free operation for facially deformed kids in developing countries. At that time, she joined Operation Smile just to satisfy her school's community service requirement. After working with Operation Smile for a while, she learned different countries have different deformities  . The more she learned about what affects kids around the world, the more she wanted to go abroad with Operation Smile. At 15, she was chosen to go abroad. She was so happy - even though she didn't realize what she was getting herself into. Before her trip, she attended a weekend \"mission training\". That's when she was told she'd be going to the Philippines. Although she was excited, one night during training, she broke down in tears. She didn't know if she was prepared to see all these unfortunate kids. She was put to work three days after her arrival in the Philippines. Her first day was at the hospital, where she met those kids waiting for operation, and they were running around and happy, it seemed normal. Her job was to play with the kids before their operation to help them feel more at ease. She also went to nearby schools to hand out toothbrushes and teach students how to brush their teeth. When their operation was over, the kids were always overjoyed, but their parents were blown away. Sometimes they couldn't even recognize their kids because their appearances had improved so much. They'd cry and hug the doctors and nurses and give them presents--they were so grateful. \n Answer: To operate on those unfortunate kids.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author join the Operation Smile?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-02f4b818da9e4132b82ddfa49a88a673",
            "input": "Article: When the six very best students from different cities in Guangdong Province all together chose universities in Hong Kong ; when the very best students of Beijing picked up HK University while giving up the nearby Peking or Tsinghua University ; when the highest enrollment  rate of Hong Kong Science and Industry University reached 48:1, it's the high time to ask where the real education heaven for students in China is. Years ago, the answer certainly would be \"Peking or Tsinghua University\". But now no one could give the exact answer without hesitation . The only sure thing is that HK universities have gradually showed an unusual attraction to a great many mainland students. There's no doubt to call this HK craze  , which is even out of the expectation of those HK universities themselves. How can HK universities shake the steady foundations of Peking and Tsinghua University and attract so many mainland students? First, Hong Kong universities offer large-amount scholarship, especially for the top students who can receive the scholarship as much as 400,000 HK dollars. Since higher education has become a kind of heavy burden of many families, it's easy to understand why the reaction to the generous offering of HK universities is great. Second, most HK universities receive professors and students from all over the world and carry out bilingual   education. This kind of excellent language atmosphere is another attraction for mainland students. Furthermore, university students in Hong Kong have a better chance to study abroad as exchange students. Can mainland top universities like Peking or Tsinghua University be calm as before when facing the unexpected competition from HK? Will they take relevant measures to win back the top students who once help them set the worldwide reputation? Time will explain it . The fierce competition brought by HK universities can be a good thing for an entire improvement of education in China. After the awakening and action-taking of mainland universities , they can perform better together with HK universities. At least, it reminded the mainland universities the tuition fees   are among students' top concern when they are choosing universities . It's time to move. \n Answer: Some thoughts brought by the enrollment of HK universities.",
            "output": [
                "What is the passage mainly talking about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1daadadeb04a4e648167b863e43cf739",
            "input": "Article: This week is National Volunteer Week, a time for the Canadian Red Cross to recognize our dedicated   volunteers who devote their time and talents from coast to coast. Over the course of the week we will use this blog to share stories about our volunteers and the amazing work they do --- a small part of the outstanding individuals across the country. Take Saskatchewan for example. Last year that province was hit by wide-spread flooding, a hurricane and forest fires. Canadian Red Cross staff and volunteers went to work right away and helped more than 2,100 adults and 775 children recover the basic necessities of life. It's important to share stories from volunteers to truly appreciate what they do. Christine Hoffman is a Disaster Response Volunteer in Canadian Red Cross in Saskatchewan. She's a _ Red Crosser for about 16 years. Still nothing could have prepared her for the call she took in the Recovery Center last year in response to flooding in Maple Greek. This story is best told in her own words. This is what she said: \"I will never forget the first phone call I took in the Recovery Centre. A young man called asking what services Red Cross was offering in town. As we were talking, he told me he had a rope in his backyard but he thought he would be using it for other reasons. _ I told him to come to see us so we could work together on a plan to improve his situation. He came in a little while later. Nearly two hours later he left standing straight up with tear- filled eyes. He thanked me for convincing him to come in. His home had been destroyed, but together we put together a plan and he was eventually able to move back into his own home.\" During National Volunteer Week 2011, let's thank Christine, and the many other volunteers like her. Thanks for making us proud! \n Answer: The young man was persuaded by Christine Hoffman and decided to live on",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from what Christine Hoffman said?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bc2ed8aea5f34324a16d1713015d4615",
            "input": "Article: If California were not already so famous for Sillicon Valley  and Hollywood, it might be well-known for the groups of water-technology firms in its San Diego County. The reverse-osmosis (RO) spiral module, the technique that supports turning seawater and waste-water into drinkable stuff, began in San Diego in 1964. Today dozens of firms in the area supply many of the world's approximately 13,000 RO plants in places from the Persian Gulf and Israel to Australia and China. Southern California itself, however, has not so far been a big user of its own technology. This is surprising, given that the whole American south-west faces a water problem. But now as the climate gets warmer and the population increases, there is more agreement that the existing infrastructure, consisting of vast pipes that carry water from the Sacramento Delta in the north and the Colorado River in the east, will not be enough. In places such as San Diego, which has inadequate and salty groundwater and currently imports 90% or its water, the answers must be greater conservation, reusing as much water as possible, and getting most of the rest from the sea. The first part, conservation, has been widely accepted by the public. San Diego today uses less water with a larger population than it did in 1989, the year water consumption peaked. The second part, water recycling has been a hard sell, because of an unpleasant factor. Americans still use the term \"toilet-to-tap\" for recycling, even though properly treated waste-water is nowadays completely clean. Singapore made its programme acceptable in part by renaming it as NEWater. This is where desalination comes in, which means taking the salt out of salt water. A firm called Poseidon Resources is now close to building the biggest desalination plant in America behind a power station by the beach in Carlsbad. The power plant sucks in 304m gallons of seawater a day for cooling, so Poseidon plans to change 104m gallons a day by using the RO spiral module. Lots of people like the idea. Once fully running in 2015, the plant could produce 10% of the region's water. And there are plans for more desalination plants. Many places would need to take much less water from the endangered Colorado River. But a few people hate it a lot. Joe Geever, an expert in biology, says desalination uses too much energy and that Poseidon plant would kill too much sea life. He understands that there is a role for desalination, he says, but would rather not have it right there, right now, and on this scale. \n Answer: Today there are about 13,000 RO plants in the Persian Gulf, Israel, Australia and China.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is WRONG about the RO spiral module according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9fb8ad9efc2f4d2aa9e2c8d6e7bffc0d",
            "input": "Article: O. Henry, born in Greensboro, North Carolina, was the pen name of William Sydney Porter. His father, Algernon Sydney Porter, was a physician. When William was three years old, his mother died, and he was raised by his grandmother and aunt. William was a good reader, but at the age of fifteen he left school, and worked in a drug store and later on a Texas farm. After that, he moved to Houston, where he had a number of jobs, including that of bank clerk. After moving to Austin, Texas, in 1882, he married. In 1884 he started a humorous weekly The Rolling Stone. When the weekly failed, he joined The Houston Post as a reporter and columnist . In 1897 he was put into prison over some financial dealings. While in prison, William started to write short stories to earn money to support his daughter Margaret. His first work, Whistling Dick's Christmas Stocking(1899), appeared in McClure's Magazine. After serving three years of the five years' sentence,he changed his name to O. Henry, hoping to forget his bitter past. O. Henry moved to New York City in 1902 and from December 1903 to January 1906 he wrote a story a week for the New York World, and also published the stories in other magazines. His first collection, Cabbages and Kings, appeared in 1904. Many other works quickly followed, such as The Gift of the Magi and The Furnished Room. O. Henry's best- known work is The Ransom of Red Chief. His stories always have surprising endings. He published 10 collections and over 600 short stories during his lifetime. O. Henry's last years were shadowed by drinking, ill health, and financial problems. In 1907, he experienced a failed marriage. In 1910, O. Henry died after an illness. \n Answer: A brief introduction to O. Henry.",
            "output": [
                "What's the passage mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2626200e3e8044f49ccf1dbc007932ee",
            "input": "Article: Now AIDS has become one of the most dangerous killers for human beings. The whole world is in danger of AIDS. But the situation in rich countries is not the same as that in poor countries. According to a research, the most serious area is Africa. Throughout Africa, whole communities are being  _ by AIDS. Mothers, fathers, teachers and farmers are dying in thousands, day after day. Why is it that most people with HIV live in the world's poorest countries? Lack of education and health care makes people easy to be infected ; poverty and the constant search for work and food keep them on the move; casual work and casual sex leave women particularly easy to be infected. As a result, the disease spreads to even more people. Those who are already malnourished very soon become sick. Parents die, leaving children who are infected. It's a dangerous circle. When Pep Bonet visited Nchelenge in northern Zambia in 2003, he found one person in four was HIVpositive(HIV). There was a closed and fearful atmosphere. No one wanted to admit to their HIV identity, and women who were HIV positives were often beaten or driven out of their home. Mothers left home and children became orphans. People lost hope, and the light went out of their eyes. In rich countries, anti-HIV drug treatments can keep people with HIV healthy for many years; in poor countries where 95% of people with HIV live, only a few can afford to get these drugs. Do you think that's fair? \n Answer: People with HIV in rich countries need not worry about anything.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0fbc33127ba34a75a3f6d57034415301",
            "input": "Article: The trouble with school is that you can't choose the people you get to see every day. If you're unlucky enough to be stuck with classmates who don't really \"get\" you, you've just got to try to make the best of it. But that doesn't mean you need to \"fit in\", or at least in the way that people think. If you try to transform yourself into a clone of everyone else, it won't help you make friends. It'll just make you feel like a fake. You also shouldn't shut down or refuse to be friends with everyone who doesn't like you. If you do that, you'll just make yourself miserable. Instead, you've got to work on being comfortable and confident with whom you are while ignoring all the haters. Keep on speaking up, asking questions and getting to know people better. If you send out positive energy, then people will generally send some back to you. A couple of them will stay the same, and you're allowed to forget about them. If you feel like you're doing all that but still not getting anywhere, then don't give up. Just expand your circle. Get a part-time job at a cool-looking place, join an after-school art class or youth group--do whatever it takes to find a couple of like-minded people to connect with. Even if you don't find anyone right away, you'll still be getting some more social experiences under your belt, and that's always a good thing. A fun book called Uncool, by Erin Elisabeth Conley, has some tips for folks like you who want to stay positive at school while being true to your personality: *Throw caution to the wind. *Don't tolerate others' mistakes. *Have patience with people who are different from you. *Don't change just because someone else thinks you should. *Know that even though you may be a misfit, there's always some place where you will be welcomed in the world. \n Answer: Try your best to fit in with them.",
            "output": [
                "According to the author, what should you do if you meet people who don't appreciate you?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-a980d39dfa1c40c4a30e5c15820bb9bf",
            "input": "Article: During the cold winter days, there are some interesting festivals in the world. Look at the following ones. Harbin Ice and Snow Festival Place: China Time: January 5 to February 5 People build incredible things out of ice and snow, decorating them with lights. The Carnival of Venice Place: Italy Time: between February and March One of the most beautiful festivals in the world, people wear masks and elaborate costumes to hide differences among classes, and there are contests for the best costumes. Holi Festival Place: India Time: late February/ March, on the last full moon day Hindus and Sikhs, in India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka celebrate the main day of this incredibly fun 16-day festival by throwing color1ed powder and water at each other. Sundance Film Festival Place: Utah, the US Time: end of February The largest independent film festival in the US. Watch both feature films and shorts. You need to buy a ticket. \n Answer: Harbin Ice and Snow Festival.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following festivals can't be celebrated at the end of February?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-005f763b68ba4251abe19af17c6c00f4",
            "input": "Article: In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied. Yet despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition which she won last year. As a writer, I know about winning contests - and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection letter from the publisher. I also know the pressure of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn't win the contest again? That's the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and destroyed hopes can resurface in our children. A revelation   came last week when I asked her, \"Don't you want to win again?\" \"No,\" she replied, \"I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.\" I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously   told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly \"guided\" by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson. _  Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting  my daughter's experience. While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experience, grow and find their own voices. \n Answer: Her road to success was full of pain and frustrations.",
            "output": [
                "What did the author say about her own writing experience?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-50a9b1197da84b9e95135639c90d11dc",
            "input": "Article: John sent his mother expensive presents on his mother's birthday every year. He liked to show her how rich he was. \"I must find something wonderful for her, and it must be the only one in the whole world. Then my mother must be very happy.\" John thought. He advertised   in the newspapers. \"Wanted--the best present for the woman who has everything. \" For many days his telephone did not stop ringing. People phoned him from all over the world. They wanted to sell him \"the best present\". But they did not have anything that was the only one in the whole world. Then less than a week before his mother's birthday, a man came to his office. He was carrying a cage, and in the cage there was a large bird. \"This bird, \"the man said, \"can speak ten languages and sing any pop song. There is no other bird like it in the world. \" \"I will listen to it, \"John said. \"If what you said is true, I will buy the bird from you.\" The man spoke to the bird. \"Talk to me in French, \" he said. The bird spoke to him in French. \"Tell me a joke in Japanese, \" he said. The bird told him a joke in Japanese. \"Sing a famous pop song, \"he said. The bird sang a famous pop song. \"I'll buy it, \"John said. \"How much do you want?\" \"One hundred thousand dollars, \"the man said. This was a lot of money but John paid him. Then he sent the bird to his mother with a birthday card. The day after his mother's birthday he phoned her. \"Well, mother, \"he said, \"Is the bird wonderful?\" \"Oh, it was delicious, dear, \"she said. \n Answer: Because he was the richest man in the world.",
            "output": [
                "Why did John send her mother expensive presents for her birthday every year?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-75be4c0405464fb89f0214c89998f705",
            "input": "Article: I start to wonder what else had changed since I'd been gone. My parents are in an awkward puzzle, wondering how to treat me now----whether to treat me--still their daughter--as one of them, an adult, or as the child they feel they sent away months earlier. I run into two of my best friends from high school; we stare at each other, expressionless. We ask the simple questions and give simple answers. It's as if we have nothing to say to each other. I wonder how things have changed so much in such a small amount of time. We used to laugh and promise that no matter how far away we were, our love for each other would never change. Their interests don't interest me anymore, and I find myself unable to relate my life to theirs. I had been so excited to come home, but now I just look at it all and wonder: Is it me? Why hadn't the world stood still here while I was gone?  My room isn't the same, my friends and I don't share the same promise, and my parents don't know how to treat me--or who I am, for that matter. I get back to school feeling half-satisfied, but not disappointed. I sit up in my bed in my dorm room, surrounded by my pictures, dolls. As I wonder what has happened, I realize that I can't expect the world to stand still and move forward at the same time.  I can change and expect that things at home will stay the same. I have to find comfort in what has changed and what is new; keep the memories, but live in the present. A few weeks later, I'm packing again, this time for winter break. My mom meets me at the door. I have come home accepting the changes, not only in my surroundings, but most of all in me. \n Answer: She is a college student.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer about the writer?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-21943fb3a99e494085d5d7662f0e08ae",
            "input": "Article: Time for Kids (TFK) gets the great news on the coolest toys for 2014 at the 111th American International Toy Fair. What's four days long, bigger than seven football fields, and filled with thousands of toys? It's Toy Fair 2014! Each year, hundreds of toy companies from across the country come together in New York City. All kinds of products are shown as a way to know what's to come in the new year. This year's trends   include oversize toys. \"In 2014, everything is really big and really out there,\" says Adrienne Appell, a toy-trends expert. Toy Fair is the largest toy trade show in the Western Hemisphere  . Toy-store buyers go to the event to decide which toys they may want to sell during the holiday season. Members of the media, like TFK, go to the fair to report back on all the cool trends. Unfortunately, Toy Fair is not open to the public. This year's Toy Fair was the biggest in its 111-year history. More than 1,000 toy companies showed products from simple card games to high-tech robots. \"Larger Than Life\" was a Toy Fair favorite. This trend is all about big toys with a big play value. Though it is all fun and games at Toy Fair, we saw lots of products making a push towards education, with STEAM. That stands for science, technology, engineering, art, and math. This trend includes word games. And of course, we saw some super cool, high-tech games. \"Technology is always going to influence toys,\" says Appell. \"This year we saw lots of 3D games, and robots.\"[:ZXXK] To know more information about the event, click   here to watch the video. \n Answer: Simple card games will disappear on the market.",
            "output": [
                "What can we infer from Toy Fair 2014?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-476a483d34d34695be96784855f47b4b",
            "input": "Article: A private sixth grade is set to start its lessons at 1.30 pm every day because the school's teacher thinks his students will study better after a morning lie-in  . Instead of rising early for a 9 am start, students at the PS15,000-a-year Hampton Court House, in East Molesey, Surrey, will get to enjoy a lie-in and work from 1.30 pm until 7pm. Head teacher Guy Holloway says the move for all sixth grade students, set to begin from September, has been made according to research by scientists. He predicts   that not only will his students aged 16 and upwards get great night's sleep, but their productivity   will also be improved. The co-educational school will have the latest start time in the UK, and will be the only one to begin lessons in the afternoon. Experts say young people are programmed to get up later, and that rather than laziness it is simply a shift   in their body clocks. 'There are 168 hours in a week and how productive they are depends on how they choose to use those hours,' said Mr Holloway. 'At Hampton Court House we don't think we have the answer for everybody; it's about what works in our school. We want to get them into a condition where they can get great sleep and study well.' He said students would also benefit from reduced journey times as they travel to and from school after rush hour  . Year 10 student Gabriel Purcell-Davis will be one of the first of 30 A-level students to start at the later time. 'I want to wake up in my bed, not in my maths lesson,' said the 15-year-old. Lessons for all other students at the school will still begin at 9 am as usual. \n Answer: It may be good for students' study.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the school decide to start the class at 1.30 pm?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2589643b4ab64b969e832789dcadc27e",
            "input": "Article: Crane was traveling from the United States to Cuba as a newspaper reporter. One night, his ship hit a rock. It sank m the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Florida. Most of the people on board got into lifeboats. Crane was among the last to leave. There were three others with him: the ship's captain, the cook, and a sailor. These four men climbed into the only remaining lifeboat. The boat was so small that no one believed it could stay afloat for very long. None of the four men thought he would ever reach the shore. But the men fought the seas bravely, with all their strength. For two days, the four men had been struggling to reach land, but there was no land to be seen. All the men saw were violent waves which rose and came fiercely down on them. Hours passed. Then, as the boat was carried to the top of a great wave, the captain looked across the water. He said that he saw the lighthouse at Mosquito Inlet. The cook also said he saw it. The lighthouse had been slowly growing larger. At last, from the top of each wave the men in the boat could see the land. Slowly, the land seemed to rise from the sea. Soon, the men could see two lines, one black and one white. They knew that the black line was formed by trees, and the white line was the sand. At last, the captain saw a house on the shore. And the lighthouse became even larger. Slowly and beautifully, the land rose from the sea. The wind came again. Finally, the men heard a new sound -- the sound of waves breaking and crashing on the shore. The men watched the shore grow larger. They became hopeful. In an hour, perhaps, they would be on land. The men struggled to keep the boat from turning over. They were used to balancing in the boat. The reporter thought he was now wet to the skin. But he felt in the top pocket of his coat and found eight cigars. Four were wet, but four were still dry. One of the men found some dry matches. Each man lit a cigar. The four men sailed in their boat with the belief of a rescue shining in their eyes. \n Answer: Hopeless.",
            "output": [
                "What did the men think of their fate after climbing into the lifeboat\"?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b6556236a98e443692acc913b1664686",
            "input": "Article: People around the world drink about 180 billion liters of soda a year. That translates to more than 29 liters per person. Experts say the amount of carbonated soft drinks we consume  is growing. New research from the American Heart Association finds that drinking soda, even diet soda, may significantly increase your risk for heart disease. Dr. Ramachandran Vasan led the study. \"Drinking just one or more sodas a day may not be as innocuous as people think.\" In a large study of 9,000 people, doctors discovered that those who drank one or more sodas a day had a 30% increased risk for obesity , a 25% increase in the risk for abnormal  blood sugar levels, and a 32% increase in the odds of having low levels of good cholesterol .  All of these factors increase the risk for heart disease. And there was no difference in the results for those who drank diet soda over regular soda. It's something that surprised even the researchers.  Critics of the study say diet soda may not be the cause of increased risk of heart disease. Connie Diekman is president of the American Dietetic Association. \"It does not conclusively say that this will cause that.\" In other words, it could be that unhealthy people like soda. Dr. Vasan found those who drink soda generally tend to have greater caloric intake. They eat more saturated fat and trans fats. They also eat less fiber and exercise less. Diet soda drinkers may also share this unhealthy lifestyle. Dr. Vasan agrees that the link he found between heart disease risk and diet soda needs additional study. \n Answer: Dr. Vasan is the leader of the American Heart Association.",
            "output": [
                "According to the study, which of the following is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e16419f01ca04865a5ea8c738a54df9e",
            "input": "Article: London is the capital of Britain. It is located in the southeast plain of England. The Thames River goes through this city. The British have lived there for about 3,000 years. The Roman Empire intruded into  Britannia Island in 54 BC. The Romans built the first wooden bridge over the Thames River. London is a world-famous cultural city. There are many famous cultural sites. It is one of the world's great tourist destinations. About eight million people visit London every year. The largest museum is the British Museum, which was built in the 18th century. There are many ancient cultural relics of Britain and of other countries in the museum. The London Tower stands on the southeast of Tower Mountain. It was once a palace, and it is now an exhibition center. Westminster Hall is located on the west bank of the Thames River and was built in 750 AD. It is the largest Gothic building of the world and was a palace in the past, too. The Clock Tower, which is about 97 meters high, is located northeast of the parliament. The famous \"Big Ben\" weighs about 21 tons and its big pendulum is about 305 kilograms. Hyde Park is one of the great parks in the world and it is in the west district of London. There is a free forum  there and some people give speeches there every week. They can say almost anything, but they can't attack the Queen or support violent revolution. \n Answer: The Roman Empire intruded into Britannia Island over 2,100 years ago.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is WRONG?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9bb39cb7b5ca4eb989c428085e030d91",
            "input": "Article: Experts do not really know when people began keeping fish as pets. But they say that people have been interested in fish for thousands of years. Some say the ancient Sumerians were the first civilization to keep fish in ponds more than four thousand years ago. The Chinese kept and studied carp and goldfish more than one thousand years ago. The ancient Romans kept eels as pets. And the Greek philosopher Aristotle made what is believed to be the first known study of sea life, including sharks and dolphins. Keeping fish at home in small water tanks called _ is extremely popular today. And everyone seems to enjoy visiting huge public aquariums that have opened around the world. By the middle of the eighteen hundreds, science had shown that plants, fish and other sea creatures could survive together under water. So it was no longer necessary to change the water in a tank for the fish to live there. This led to the building of the first public aquariums. The first aquariums opened in London, England in 1853. in the next fifteen years, other aquariums opened in Europe and the United States. By 1928, there were about forty-five public aquariums. The Monterey Bay Aquarium has been recognized as the first aquarium in the United States and it shows visitors the underwater life in the bay. The Georgia Aquarium opening in 2005 says it is the largest in the world. It has more than one hundred thousand sea animals in thirty million liters of water including two whale sharks---the world's largest fish. Another aquarium re-opened in 2005 in Camden, New Jersey. The Adventure Aquarium first opened in 1992. It spent about fifty million dollars expanding its building and improving its exhibits. Aquariums provide the public with many chances to experience life under the sea. They can be found in most areas of the world. People might even want to start an aquarium at home and join the millions of people around the world who keep fish as pets. \n Answer: The Adventure Aquarium.",
            "output": [
                "Which aquarium opened again after its rebuilding ?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-956ffa4023894fd9bc724f669dec8413",
            "input": "Article: Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. \"The 'if it bleeds' rule works for mass media\", says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. \"They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.\" Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication--e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations--found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories on The New York Times' website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the \"most e-mailed\" list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others. Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused  one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, \"Contagious: Why Things Catch On.\" \n Answer: News reports.",
            "output": [
                "What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2ed2edbb0458472283239331c14edf4e",
            "input": "Article: The host poured the tea into the cup and placed it on the small table in front of his guests,who were a father and his daughter,and put the lid on the cup with a clink.Obviously thinking of something.he hurried into the inner room,leaving the thermos  on the table.His two guests heard a chest of drawers opening and rustling.     They remained sitting in the sitting room,the ten-year-old daughter looking at the flowers outside the window,the father just about to take his cup,when the crash came,right there in the sitting room.Something was hopelessly broken.     It was the thermos,which had fallen to the floor.The girls looked over her shoulder suddenly,shocked, staring. It was mysterious;neither of them had touched it,not even a little bit.True.it hadn't stood steadily when their host placed it on the table,but it hadn't fallen then.     The crash of the thermos caused the host,with a box of sugar cubes in his hand,to rush back from the inner room.He looked foolishly at the steaming floor and blurted out. \"It doesn't matter! It doesn't matter!''     The father started to say something.Then he said in a low voice,\"Sorry I touched it and it fell.\"     \"It doesn't matter,\"the host said.     Later,when they left the house,the daughter said,\"Daddy,did you touch it?''     \"No.But it stood so close to me.\"     \"But you didn't touch it.I saw your reflection in the window .You were sitting perfectly still.\"     The father laughed.\"Then how would you explain the cause of its fall?\"     \"The thermos fell by itself , The floor is uneven. It wasn't steady when Mr. Li put it there. Daddy,why did you say that?\"     \"That won't do,girl.It sounds more acceptable when I say I knocked it down.There are things which people accept less true it sounds.\"     The daughter was lost in silence for a while.Then she said,\"Can you explain it only this way?\"     \"Only this way.\"her father said. \n Answer: You can't always make people believe the truth",
            "output": [
                "Which statement is a possible main idea of this story?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5d4f633c4ac945b7bd2eb2c1d9e72b75",
            "input": "Article: Humans: It's time to give up the earth or face extinction . It could be the plot of a summer blockbuster , but this prediction isn't science fiction. It's a glimpse  of the future, according to famous British scientist Stephen Hawking. \"I see great dangers for the human race,\" he said in an interview with global forum  Big Think. \"There have been a number of times in the past when its survival has been a question of touch-and-go.\" Hawking, an award-winning physicist, says humans must evacuate our home planet within the next two centuries and expand into space to survive. \"I believe that the long-term future of the human race must be in space,\" he said. \"It will be difficult enough to avoid disasters on our planet in the next hundred years, let alone the next thousand, or million.\" Hawking, who was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom last year, has recently voiced many concerns about the future of life on the earth. In April, he spoke about his fear of aliens in an interview for the Discovery Channel. \"If aliens visited us, the outcome would be much as when Columbus landed in America, which didn't turn out well for the Native Americans,\" he said. \"Such advanced aliens would perhaps become wanders, looking to conquer and colonize whatever planets they can reach.\"  But Hawking says he is still hopeful for the future of humanity. \"I'm an optimist,\" he told Big Think. \"We have made remarkable progress in the last hundred years. But if we want to continue beyond the next hundred years, our future is in space.\" Getting to another planet will prove a challenge, not to mention colonizing it for humanity. University of Michigan astrophysicist Katherine Freese told Big Think that \"the nearest star to the earth is Proxima Centauri which is 4.2 light years away. That means, if you were travelling at the speed of light the whole time, it would take 4.2 years to get there--or about 50,000 years using current rocket science.\" \n Answer: Advanced aliens may conquer and colonize the earth some day.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is NOT a reason why humans need to give up the earth according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ed900c39240d48b4b3b8e09f12056d05",
            "input": "Article: Volunteer at Shelter - North Toronto Cat Rescue---Bayview/Hwy 7 Do you like animals? Come and volunteer at our cat shelter. North Toronto Cat Rescue is a no-cage, no-kill cat shelter. We are a volunteer organization, funded totally by donation, and are a licensed Canadian charity. We are looking for volunteers who can join us once a week for a 3 month period (at least). The work is not wonderful but it is very rewarding. Mainly, we feed, clean, and scoop litter. Of course we also spend quality time with our cats. We have 2 shifts  per day, 7 days per week: Mornings are 9am-1pm. Evenings are 5-7pm or 6-8pm. Please note that any new volunteer who wishes to work evening shift must be able to work 4 morning shifts on a team before moving to an evening shift. This is required in order to gain the ability to work more independently, as required during evening shifts. Students must be at least 16 years old. Adults are also welcome. If you do not have your own personal transportation, please check the public transportation from your area to our location at Bayview/Hwy 7 area before responding to this ad. \n Answer: In the local newspaper",
            "output": [
                "Where is the ad most likely to appear?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-98c3a68ad5734da49796fa4226e34b76",
            "input": "Article: In countries like the United States, essays have become a major part of a formal education in the form of free response questions. Secondary students in these countries are taught structured essay formats   to improve their writing skills, and essays are often used by universities in these countries in selecting applicants. Essays are also used to judge the mastery and comprehension of material. Students are asked to explain, comment on, or assess a topic of study in the form of an essay. During some courses, university students will often be required to complete one or more essays that are prepared over several weeks or months. In addition, in fields such as the humanities and social sciences, mid-term and end-of-term examinations often require students to write a short essay in two or three hours. In these countries, so-called academic essays, which may also be called \"papers\", are usually more formal than literary ones. They may still allow the presentation of the writer's own views, but this is done in a logical and factual manner, with the use of the first person often discouraged. Longer academic essays (often with a word limit of between 2,000 and 5,000 words) sometimes begin with a short summary analysis   of what has previously been written on a topic, which is often called a literature review. One of the challenges facing US universities is that in some cases, students may hand in essays which have been purchased from an essay mill (or \"paper mill\") as their own work. An \"essay mill\" is a ghostwriting service that sells pre-written essays to university and college students. Since plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty or academic fraud, universities and colleges may look into papers suspected to be from an essay mill by using Internet plagiarism detection software, which compares essays against a database of known mill essays and by orally testing students on the contents of their papers. \n Answer: The use of the first person is discouraged in literary essays.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-e478ce9b584a4136a1e189c9544acb9f",
            "input": "Article: Our little boy came up to his mother in the kitchen one evening while she was preparing supper, and handed her a piece of paper that he had been writing on. After his mom dried her hands on her apron   , she read it, and this is what was said: For going to the store for you $2. For cutting the grass in the garden $3. For cleaning up the yard this week $2.5. For cleaning up my room this week $2. For setting the table for meals this week $1. For baby-sitting my kid brother while you went shopping $1.5. For getting a good school report $5. Total owed: $17. His mother looked at him, who was standing there with expectation. Memories flashed through her mind. Then she picked up a pen, turned over the paper he had written on, and wrote: For the nine months I carried you while you were growing inside me, No Charge  .  For all the nights that I've sat up with you and taken care of you, No Charge. For all the problems and troubles that you've caused through the years, there is No Charge. When you add it all up, the cost of my love is No Charge. For all the nights that were filled with fear and for the worries I knew were ahead, No Charge. For the toys, food, clothes, and even wiping up your nose? There is No Charge. And when you add it all up, the full cost of real love is, No Charge, Son. Well, friends, when our son finished reading what his mother had written, there were big tears in his eyes, and he looked straight up at his mother and said, \"Mom, I sure do love you..\" And then he took the pen and in great letters he wrote, \" PAID IN FULL.\" \n Answer: Getting the dishes ready.",
            "output": [
                "What might the mother be doing when the boy came into the kitchen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-19f9d20d1bdd46e9b1816f6dcec8ea0b",
            "input": "Article: The TV science-fiction seriesStar Trekno longer looked far-fetched   as four men and four women in black space-suits locked themselves into a giant hi-tech greenhouse, known as a 'biosphere', in the Arizona desert yesterday for a two-year study of the environment. As dawn broke over the Santa Catalina mountains, the eight waved goodbye to television cameras. Edward Ross, their multibillionaire sponsor from a Texas oil family, closed the door of the $150 million structure, with its mini-ocean, marsh, desert, savanna, rain-forest and 3,800 plant and animal species designed to allow the team to recreate Earth and its ecosystems. The so-called Biosphere 2 is the latest of a dozen environmental projects started by the self-titled 'ecopreneur'. The project's main aim is to set up a self-sustaining community for possible use in a spaceship or on another planet. The crew members must plant, harvest and process their food on a half-acre farm in the seven-storey glass and metal structure, while conducting a series of experiments. 'We will be custodians   of our new little world,' said Abigail Mayer, aged 31, a US marine biologist on the team, her voice choking with emotion. 'It is a brave new step.' Many scientists, however, are more than skeptical. They point out that the largest closed ecosystem which survived more than a few days was smaller than a football. It was developed at the University of Miami and contained only shrimp, algae and other micro-organisms. Critics have also accused Mr. Ross of being more interested in producing a profitable theme park than in carrying out serious scientific research. Hundreds of tourists visited the site daily in the summer before it was occupied by the team. They paid $9.95 to enter and all stopped at the souvenir shop. \n Answer: The space.",
            "output": [
                "What's the location of the project?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-69710883ad914c509dfd66509f28c47b",
            "input": "Article: Are you looking for a summer reading list for your child or teen? Keep your child reading all summer with this selection of 2012 summer reading lists. Books for primary school students Kenneth Cadow: Alfie Runs Away          When his mother wants to give away his favorite shoes just because they're too small, Alfie decides he's had enough. Kate Feiffer: My Side of the Car          It might be raining on Dad's side of the car, but imaginative Sadie argues that it is not raining on her side, so their trip to the zoo doesn't need to be put off. Books for high school students Flinn: Beastly A modern retelling of \"Beauty and the Beast\" from the point of view of the Beast, a proud Manhattan private school student who is turned into a monster and must find true love before he can return. Lord: A Night to Remember          A description of the sinking of the \" Titanic\". a reputedly unsinkable ship that went down in the Atlantic on April 10, 1912 after hitting an iceberg, resulting in the deaths of over l, 500 people. Books for high school students Mark Twain: Huckleberry Finn          It's Mark Twain's classic story about a young man and his slave Jim. They travel upriver to escape slavery and in the process Huck discovers what it J11cans to be a man. It teaches us about the value of friendship and sacrifice. Charles Dickens: Great Expectations          It is about a young man named Pip who inherits ( ) a great deal of wealth from an unknown source.The money quickly moves him up the scale in London.however, at the same time it also teaches him about the dangers of ambition. \n Answer: Parents.",
            "output": [
                "Who will probably be interested in this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2645a9b69330450c8b70b2e1872df134",
            "input": "Article: \"Ok,\" I said to my daughter as she bent over her afternoon bowl of rice. \"What's going on with you and your friend J.?\" J. is the leader of a group of third-graders at her camp--a position Lucy herself occupied the previous summer. Now _ , and every day at snack time, she tells me all about it, while I offer up the unhelpful advice all summer long. \"She's fond of giving orders,\" Lucy complained. \"She's fat,\" Lucy mumbled to the bowl \"We are going upstairs,\" I said, my voice cold, \"We are going to discuss this.\" And up we went. I'd spent the nine years since her birth getting ready for this day, the day we'd have to have the conversation about this horrible word. I knew exactly what to say to the girl on the receiving end of the teasing ,but in all of my imaginings, it never once occurred to me that my daughter would be the one who used the F wordFat. My daughter sat on her bed, and I sat beside her. \"How would you feel if someone made fun of you for something that wasn't your fault?\" I began. \"She could stop eating so much,\" Lucy mumbled, mouthing the simple advice a thousand doctors and well-meaning friends and relatives have given overweight women for years. \"It's not always that easy,\" I said. \"Everyone's different in terms of how they treat food\" Lucy looked at me, waiting for me to go on. I opened my mouth, then closed it. Should I tell her that, in teasing a woman's weight, she's joined the long, proud tradition of critics who go after any woman with whom they disagree by starting with \"you're ugly\" and ending with \"no man would want you and there must be something wrong with any man who does\"?Should I tell her I didn't cry when someone posted my picture and commented, \"I'm sorry, but aren't authors who write books marketed to young women supposed to be pretty?\" Does she need to know, now, that life isn't fair? I feel her eyes on me,waiting for an answer I don't have. Words are my tools.Stories are my job.It's possible she'll remember what I say forever, and I have no idea what to say. So I tell her the only thing I can come up with that is absolutely true.I say to my daughter, \"I love you, and there is nothing you could ever do to make me not love you. But I'm disappointed in you right now. There are plenty of reasons for not liking someone. What she looks like isn't one of them.\" Lucy nods, tears on her cheeks.\"I won't say that again,\"she tells me,and I pull her close, pressing my nose against her hair. We are both quiet, and I don't know if I have said the right thing. So as we sit there together, shoulder to shoulder, I pray for her to be smart.I pray for her to be strong. I pray for her to find friends,work she loves, a partner who loves her, and for the world not to deprive her of the things that make her who she is,for her life to be easy, and for her to have the strength to handle it when it's not. And still, always,I pray that she will never struggle as I've struggled, that weight will never be her cross to bear. She may not be able to use the word in our home, but I can use it in my head. I pray that she will never get fat. \n Answer: Because she is really shocked at Lucy's rudeness.",
            "output": [
                "Why does the author want to discuss with Lucy?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c1aa6bb9ccd34a679e735f59cd8d5f79",
            "input": "Article: How did the ancient Chinese keep food warm in winter? Facilities like electric rice cookers, microwaves, and electric kettles, make it easy for people to keep food warm and enjoy a comfortable winter. So how did Chinese people in ancient times keep food warm in winter without these? In fact, ancient Chinese people used their own methods of heat preservation as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties. * \"Wen Ding\", ancient rice cooker One of the major functions of an electric rice cooker is to keep food warm. The \"Wen Ding\", an ancient cooking container, served the same purpose, but instead of using electric energy, the ancient cooking container, served the same purpose, but instead of using electric energy, the ancient cooking container preserved heart by burning fuels like charcoal. The \"Wen Ding\" unearthed in Nanjing in 1989 is thought to be the oldest of its kind discovered in China, dating back to the Stone Age, The craftsmanship of making the \"Wen Ding\" was developed in the Bronze Age. The bronze Ding from Shang and Zhou dynasties took on different shapes and structures. * \"Ran LU\", ancient small hot pot The \"Ran LU\" is a small size cooking vessel  made of bronze, which can be divided into three parts. A charcoal stove forms the main structure, with a bottom tray to hold charcoal ashes, and a movable cup at the top. Some experts have concluded that the vessel's structure suggests it may have been used as a small hot pot and that these vessels became popular in the Warring States Period(475--221 BC) *Bronze You, ancient kettle The Bronze You was one of the most common wine containers during the Shang and Zhou dynasties. The Bronze You can also be used to warm wine. For example, the Bronze You with beast mask design, unearthed in Jiangxi province, has an opening where charcoals could be placed. Just as people today can't do without an electric kettle, the Bronze You allowed people to enjoy a hot drink. *Bronze Yan, ancient steamer Although the \"Wen Ding\" was effective at keeping food warm, the ancient Chinese people later found that its burning produced pollution. As a result, the Bronze Yan was made with a two-tier structure and used to steam rice and other grains. After the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-AD 220), further improvements to the Bronze Yan led to the modern-day steamer. \n Answer: In the Warring States Period.",
            "output": [
                "When did the \"Ran LU\" become popular?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-5adb4ff3ad6f44c8a09ccdbb5d258270",
            "input": "Article: Submitting Assignment Online In order to upload an assignment (work given to students) to the system properly, you must save the assignment using one of the following applications: Microsoft Word, Corel WordPerfect, or Microsoft Excel. After you complete an assignment, it is important to save your work. This ensures that assignment being uploaded to the system is the most updated version. Your word processing program may attempt to save the assignment to a folder on your computer. We recommend creating a new folder, named after your course, in a location that is easy to remember, such as \"My Documents.\" File Name Requirements Select a file name for the assignment that is easy to remember. The file name must NOT contain spaces. Any spaces used in the file name will prevent the file from uploading to the system. File names using the extensions .rtf, .html, .zip, .jpg, or .exe are NOT allowed. Assignment Upload Procedure Make sure you save the assignment using one of the applications previously identified and ensure that it meets the file name requirements described above. When the file is ready to upload, follow these steps: 1.       Sign in the system. 2.       Enter your address information and click the CONTINUE button. You will be routed to the \"Directions\" screen. 3.       Review the directions and click the CONTINUE button. You will be routed to the \"Special Assignment Upload\" screen. 4.       Click the SEARCH button. The \"Choose File\" pop-up window appears. 5.       Find the location on your computer where you saved your assignment, and select the file. After you have selected the file, click the UPLOAD button to upload your assignment to the system. Assignment Submission Dates Assignments must be submitted by midnight on the specified due date. Submit your assignment on time so that it reaches the system on or before the due date. No late assignments will be accepted or marked. Assignments delivered after the due date will not be assessed and will be failed. Please manage your time carefully as family and work demands will not be accepted as excuses for late or non-submissions. Tutors and administrators do not have the authority to grant extensions. \n Answer: researchpaper.rtf",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following file names is acceptable for submitting assignment?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9b2a18e450de4c7d9fb9e8d20ea40353",
            "input": "Article: When you get a job interview, it is the chance that you impress them employer and prove you really are the right person for the job. The following key points may he the important steps you can take to ensure you make a good impression from the get-go Be Prepared Research the company thoroughly before the job interview. Read through the company website to gain a thorough understanding of what\" does its values, clients or audience and any technologies it uses. You should also Google the company and read any press releases. Note important issues or points you can discuss at the interview. Take copies of the job description with you to the interview. Don't he afraid of showing off, you can bet the other candidates won't be holding back! Interview Questions All this preparation work will go a long way to helping you for questions you might be asked during the interview. As well as preparing for the standard questions, you also need to come up with relevant questions to ask the interviewer about the company and your role. You may want to ask something along the lines of \"what's it like to work here?\", \"what are the career prospects l like?\" Timekeeping Plan your route in advance and make a dry run to the interview location a few days beforehand to make sure you're clear on where you're going. Print out directions and maps from sites like Google Maps and make sure you should he there without any problems After the Interview If you're unsuccessful, use it as an opportunity to improve. Ask for feedback from the interviewer. This will improve your future interview success chances; the interviewer might consider you for future vacancies at the company based on this action alone \n Answer: Impress the employer with good behavior.",
            "output": [
                "What should you do at a job interview?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d7dd85ed8e5e44509544c28d205fbbb5",
            "input": "Article: They stood outside the door - two children in shabby outgrown coats. \"Any old papers, lady?\" I was busy, I wanted to say no until I saw the snow on their clothes. And their little sandals   were also covered with snow. \"Come in and I'll make you a cup of hot cocoa.\" There was no conversation. Their wet sandals left marks upon the floor. I served them cocoa and toast with jam to strengthen them against the cold outside. Then I went back to the kitchen and started again on my household. The silence in the front room got me to look inside. The girl held the empty cup in her hands, looking at it. The boy asked in a flat voice, \"Lady, are you rich?\" \"Am I rich? Mercy, no! \" I looked at my shabby sofa. The girl put her cup back in its saucer carefully. \"Your cups match your saucers, she said.\" They left then, holding their bundles of papers against the wind. They hadn't said thank you. They didn't need to. They had done more than that. Plain blue cups and saucers. But they matched. I tasted the potatoes and looked at the meat. Potatoes and meat, the roof over my head, my man with a good steady job - these things matched, too. I moved the chairs back from the fire and tidied the living room. The muddy prints of small sandals were still wet upon my floor. I let them be. I wanted them there in case I ever forget again how very rich I am. \n Answer: To serve them some cocoa and food",
            "output": [
                "Why did the author let the two children in?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7605e10802eb4995be9855d723031b68",
            "input": "Article: A British farmer has been searching for a group of fighter planes for 15 years. The planes were lost in Burma during World War II. David Cundall, 62, traveled to Burma a dozen times. He spent about US $207,000 in the hope of finding a British Spitfire buried in the Southeast Asian country. Finally, his hard work paid off. Cundall started his search after his friend heard from a group of U.S. war veterans that they had buried Spitfires in the region. \"We've done some pretty silly things in our time, but the silliest was burying Spitfires,\" the veterans said. Cundall began placing ads in magazines to try to find soldiers who might have been involved. After 15 years of searching, he finally managed to locate the missing airplanes. The planes had never been flown and were buried in their transport crates . \"We made a borehole and used a camera to look at the crates. They seemed to be in good condition.\" Cundall told The Telegraph. The aircraft had arrived at a Royal Air Force base in Burma in August 1945. But, by that point in the war, the planes weren't needed. \"In 1945, Spitfires were _ , and you could see them everywhere.\" Said Cundall. British Prime Minister, David Camerion, recently visited the country. As The Telegraph reports, Camerion's help may mean that the Spitfires could soon be on their way back to the United Kingdom. Cundall hopes that with the help of investors, the planes can finally take to the skies. \"Spitfires are beautiful aeroplanes and should not be rotting away in a foreign land,\" Cundall says. \"They saved our neck in the Battle of Britain and they should be protected.\" \n Answer: The Design of the British Spitfire",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title for the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-35f306ec91e74277a1dbd0aa301fb594",
            "input": "Article: Get Your Degree at Home! Have you ever wondered what a degree might be worth to your job or career? It means a lot of Americans with an Associate Degree average nearly $ 10,000 more in their earnings than those with just a high school diploma. Harcourt Learning Direct offers you a way to get a Specialized Associate Degree in 11 of today's growing fields---without having to go to college full time .With Harcourt, you study at home, in your spare time---so you don't have to give up your present job while you train for a better one. Choose from exciting majors like Business management, Accounting, Dressmaking & Design, Bookkeeping, Photography, Computer Science, Engineering, and more! Your training includes everything you need! Books, lessons, learning aids--- even professional-quality tools and equipment---everything you need to master your training and move ahead to a new career is included in the low tuition price you pay. Your education is nationally recognized! Nearly 2,000 American companies---including General Electric, IBM, General Motors, Ford, and many others have used our training for their employees. If companies like these recognize the value of our training, you can be sure that employers in your area will, too!  Earn your degree in as little as two years! Get a career diploma in just six months! The career of your dreams is closer than you think! Even if you have no experience before, you can get valuable job skills in today's hottest fields! Step-by-step lessons make learning easy .Prepare for promotions, pay raises, even start a business of your own! Send today for FREE information about Harcourt at home training! Simply fill your name and address on the coupon ( ) above. Then, write in the name and number of the one program you're most interested in, and mail it today. We'll rush you free information about how you can take advantage of the opportunities in the field you've chosen. Act today!  Mail coupon today or call the number below: 1-800-372-1589 Call anytime, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. www.harcourt-learning.com. E-mail: Harcourt @ learning .com \n Answer: High school graduates preparing for college entrance examination.",
            "output": [
                "What kind of people will probably answer this advertisement?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bf6e54a54ffd46e3a8a6c2dcb2392ff7",
            "input": "Article: As a parent, you might never guess all the ways a good imagination benefits your child. It helps a preschooler. Develop social skills As children play pretend, they explore relationships between family members, friends and co-workers and learn more about how people interact. Playing doctor, they imagine how physicians care for their patients. Playing house, they learn more about how parents feel about their children. Imaginative play helps develop empathy   for others. If children can imagine how it feels to be left out of a game or to lose a pet, they are better able to help those in need. They become more willing to play fair, to share, and to cooperate. Build self-confidence Young children have very little control over their lives. Imagining oneself as a builder of skyscrapers   or a superhero defending the planet is empowering to a child. It helps them develop confidence in their abilities and their potential. Boost intellectual growth Using the imagination is the beginning of abstract thought. Children who can see a king's castle in a mound   of sand or a delicious dinner in a mud pie are learning to think symbolically  . This skill is important in school where a child will have to learn that numerals symbolize groups of objects, letters symbolize sounds, and so on. Practice language skills Kids who play pretend with their friends do a lot of talking. This helps boost their vocabulary, improve sentence structure and promote communication skills. Work out fears Playing pretend can help children work out their fears and worries. When children role-play about the big, bad monster under the bed, they gain a sense of control over him and he doesn't seem quite so big or so bad. Imaginative play also helps kids vent   confusing feelings they might have, such as anger toward a parent or compete with a new sibling  . To encourage your youngster's imagination, read to him every day. Books offer children the opportunity to visit other worlds and create new ones of their own. For generations children have enjoyed reading the story of Peter Pan because Peter takes them on fascinating adventures. Reader's Digest Young Families offers a beautiful typical Disney edition of Peter Pan, which is an iParenting Media Awards winner. Click here to find out how you can get this classic story along with 2 free books-Bambi and Pinochio. \n Answer: Helping them form a good habit of reading story.",
            "output": [
                "What's NOT the advantage of children having a good imagination?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-45e3eff6cc4e4c1ab2e7e9554f813dba",
            "input": "Article: The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added - a communications blackout caused by solar storms. After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a flesh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2012, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London. Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and interact links sending five Olympic broadcast from London. \"The Sun's activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites,\" said Professor Richard Harrison, head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire. At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronalmass ejections  occur in the Sun's atmosphere, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. \" A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million    kilometres per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications,\" Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots. Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available. The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of the solar flares   and explosions as they occur. Professor Richard Hold away, the lab's director, said that the SDO should be able to provide early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth \"If we have advance warning, we'll be able to reduce the damage. _ \n Answer: The number of sunspots declines  after coronal mass ejections.",
            "output": [
                "What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-44383df98c064c859123471445c138c2",
            "input": "Article: Which city would you prefer to visit, London or Paris?London had welcomed 16.8 million foreign visitors in 2014, compared with 15.2 million visitors to Paris, according to a new report released by UK research firm Euromonitor International in January. Boris Johnson, London's mayor, is very proud.\"With so many fascinating museums, the best theater scene in the world, more green space than any other European city, numerous top sporting venues , a low crime rate and much else besides, it is no wonder that people from all over the globe are flocking   to London in record numbers. These figures prove that London is without doubt the greatest city on the planet,\"he told The Telegraph. However, Paris' mayor, Anne Hidalgo, is not as pleased. \"London is in some ways a suburb of Paris,\" she said.The Huffington Post used the word \" _ \" to describe these back-and-forth insults  . It refers to arguments about unimportant things, like small children fighting over a toy, or lovers arguing over the TV remote. France and Britain are separated only by the English Channel. For centuries, they fought over territory  .But in fact, Paris and London are very similar. Both are centers of fashion and the arts. Even their most famous landmarks are a little similar --- the Palace of Versailles outside Paris and Buckingham Palace in London, for example. That's the trouble - they're as good as each other. As the Daily Mail put it: London and Paris are \"head-to-head\" in their battle for supremacy. In fact, visitors to these great cities love them equally.Hidalgo also wrote an article in The Telegraph, but changed her words slightly: \"London is a suburb of Paris and Paris is a suburb of London.\"Does this mean these two cities could one day \"grow up\", stop bickering, and become friends. \n Answer: The author thinks it meaningless to argue whether Paris is better than London or vice versa.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ae9bd27b89634aaf9a9a6b8df597dcc1",
            "input": "Article: For years I fought with the bird's nest that sat on top of my head-my Medusa  hair.No matter what I did and how hard I tried, in no way could I make my unruly  hair to my satisfaction. Growing up in a Russian-Jewish home with parents who thought North American styling products were something illegal such as drugs, I was never allowed to put them in my hair. \"Why buy hair gel? Your hair is so beautiful naturally.\" my mother would say.The teens at school did not agree.From boys' not wanting to kiss me when we played spin the bottle in Grade 7 to being called the mop, I suffered from my hair. When I got to university, I believed my hair was a wall that stood between me and everything---finding a part-time job, getting a boyfriend, etc. If only I could find a way to manage the curls and put it behind bars, I told myself, I would feel secure and sexy.I tried everything: rollers, hairspray, gels and, at one point, an iron.Then, in my second year, a miracle happened.I was asked to be a hair model for Japanese hair straightening, a process by which the molecules of my curls would be broken and reset in a bone-straight position.I was the perfect candidate, the hairdresser told me.Although they said how hair relaxing could damage the scalp  , for the next five years I didn't find them to be true. All of the hairdresser's promises were fulfilled: With my hair straight and smooth, I was no longer the \" mop\". However, there was extreme damage done to my wallet. To keep up the straightening cost $ 700 every six months, and that was considered cheap. While some people thought I was crazy, I was willing to do anything to never again feel like that anxious, curly-headed girl in Grade 7.But when I moved out of my parents' house at age 26 and rented an apartment, the upkeep of my new image became too costly. I couldn't hide from my inner Medusa any longer.It was time to hug her and let her fly.Seeking a choice, I turned to the Internet, Google.After hours of searching, I hit upon a \"curly haired\" salon, a place designed for girls like me. I doubted these so-called \"Curl Ambassadors\" could do anything without using machine of some sort, and though I bought the service called the \"Curly-Doo\", I suspected I'd have the same unruly mop at the end of the appointment. I dragged my feet so hard getting there that I arrived 45 minutes late.I secretly hoped they would turn me away.Instead, my stylist simply said: \"You are very late.Let me see your hair\". At that moment, my world and beliefs about myself were turned upside down along with my hair. As my head was in a basin full of freezing-cold water, then covered with a jelly-like jam, I wondered what I had got myself into. \"Do you really think this will work?\" I asked the stylist, Jones.\" My curls are a disaster.\" \"No curly hair is hopeless,\" she replied.\"They just haven't found a way to work with it, that's all.\" After the hour was over, Jones had completed her work.She had styled my hair using only her hands, water and a mixture of organic jam.I couldn't believe what I was seeing in the mirror: a naturally curly, Medusa-free me.You could argue that hair is just hair. Yet, it is just such physical features that have such a large influence on how we view ourselves. According to Jones,75 percent of the population have a wave or curl in their hair and don't know what to do with it.Men cut theirs short.Women flat-iron theirs to death.When I read through a beauty magazine or take the subway to work, it makes me sad to see so many people repressing their natural beauty. Since then, my world has changed.I have always been outgoing, but these days I seem to be more outspoken and confident than ever.On top of that, friends and co-workers tell me I am looking better than ever, but they don't know the source of the change. I don't need to tell them. My Medusa hair speaks for herself. \n Answer: North American styling products harmed her hair.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn about the writer's hair in the first place?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d182dfe70c13488d9a40e63abe3bc8df",
            "input": "Article: If you don't have a college degree, you're at greater risk of developing memory problems or even Alzheimer's  . Education plays a key role in lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder, and it's well documented that those with a college degree possess a cognitive  advantage over those less educated in middle and old age.        Now, a large national study from Brandeis University published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry shows that those with less schooling can significantly make up for poorer education by frequently engaging in mental exercises such as word games, puzzles, reading, and lectures.        \"The lifelong benefits of higher education for memory in later life are quite impressive, but we do not clearly understand how and why these effects last so long,\" said lead author Margie Lachman, a psychologist. She suggested that higher education may encourage lifelong interest in cognitive efforts, while those with less education may not engage as frequently in mental exercises that help keep the memory agile  .        But education early in adulthood does not appear to be the only route to maintain your memory. The study found that intellectual activities undertaken regularly made a difference. \"Among individuals with low education, those who are engaged in reading, writing, attending lectures, doing word games or puzzles once a week or more had memory scores similar to people with more education,\" said Lachman.        The study, called Midlife in the United States, assessed 3,343 men and women between the ages of 32 and 84 with an average age of 56 years. Almost 40 percent of the participants had at least a 4-year college degree. The researchers evaluated how the participants performed in two cognitive areas, verbal  memory and executive function --- brain processes involved in planning, abstract thinking and cognitive flexibility. Participants were given a series of tests, including tests of verbal fluency, word recall, and backward counting.        As expected, those with higher education said they engaged in cognitive activities more often and also did better on the memory tests, but some with lower education also did well, explained Lachman.        \"The findings are promising because they suggest there may be ways to level the playing field for those with lower educational achievement, and protect those at greatest risk for memory declines,\" said Lachman. \"Although we can not rule out the possibility that those who have better memories are the ones who take on more activities, the evidence is consistent with cognitive plasticity  , and suggests some degree of personal control over cognitive functioning in adulthood by adopting an intellectually active lifestyle.\" \n Answer: Poor education has more risk of memory declines.",
            "output": [
                "What is the text mainly about?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-1083746ff4a742c09691980bb7865aeb",
            "input": "Article: We show an amazing tolerance for a form of pollution that is a growing problem: noise. Airplane traffic is increasing by five percent a year. Urban noise is doubling every ten years. By air, land and sea, we are facing an onslaught of noise that is threatening our ability to live in this world. We have granted ourselves the right to make noise. But what about our responsibilities? Have we developed a sense of acoustic responsibility? The evidence suggests that we have not. Many people seem to believe they have an unlimited right to make noise with cars and motorbikes, and with loud music at home and in the street. In some countries measures have been taken to force people to make less noise. In Britain, for example, a law has been passed preventing people from disturbing their neighbors with music at night. It is widely accepted that we should deal with our rubbish in a responsible way. Noise is in reality a particularly insidious form of rubbish. It destroys community life, pursues us into our homes, keeps us from sleeping and is the cause of many stress-related illnesses, as well as hearing loss. Our acoustic environment belongs to all of us. Everyone has the right to use it, but no one has the right to abuse it. Let's start using it responsibly. \n Answer: Nowadays everyone thinks it's all right to make noise.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is NOT correct?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b535bb5358f9438499a1bb988a50cad8",
            "input": "Article: Children at a school in Italy have today begun an experiment to replace all their books with personal computers. The pupils involved will each be given a special laptop that contains their entire courses. Until today, the Don Milani di Rivoli elementary school in central Turin was like any other. Children turned up, got out their books and pens and began the process of learning. But now, in what's being described as a unique experiment, 60 fifth-grade pupils and a number of third-graders, will start using computers only. The mini-laptops, which run Windows software, all have a full curriculum programmed into them. The pupils will use the computers to do all their reading and writing. Security systems within the laptops mean the children's access to the Internet is strictly controlled. The machines weigh less than a kilogram, can be dropped from a height of 1.5 metres and are waterproof. Instead of spending 700 dollars a year on books, the laptops, built by the Italian company Olidata, cost less than 400 dollars. One of the teachers involved in the scheme says that, for the first time, schools will be able to verify in a scientific way how a computer alone can improve the learning process. The experiment, which has the backing of parents, is due to last a year. In other countries, such a programme is also being carried out. Venezuela is ordering one million low cost laptops for its school children. The machines will be based on the Intel Classmate laptop that has been designed for school children. Many see the deal as a blow for the One Laptop Per Child organization that has also been introducing its child- friendly machine to developing nations. \n Answer: It can't be damaged by water.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is TRUE about the mini-laptop?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-97e859dd24cb4c07b0de4b7af1161c2a",
            "input": "Article: Do you sleep well? Some people get off to sleep as soon as their head hits the pillow, but  many others are not so lucky. In fact, the lack of quality sleep has become a public health issue around the world. According to me World Association of Sleep Medicine, 45 percent of the world's population suffer from sleep problems. One in eight people don't sleep well and are easily woken. 7.6 percent sleep less than 3 hours each night. Some even cannot fall asleep for several days in a row. As a basic bodily and mental need, sleep is essential for our survival, it helps us to fight diseases, strengthen our memory, perform better in work and school and improve our quality of life. Lack of sleep is known to have a significant negative influence on health, both in the short and long term. Poor sleep has been associated with obesity, diabetes, weakened immune systems and even some cancers, as well as depression and anxiety. The World Sleep Day, held on the third Friday of March, is an annual celebration of sleep to lighten the burden of sleep problems through better prevention and management of sleep disorders. To achieve this goal, we must figure out what causes sleepiness and sleeplessness. Unhealthy lifestyle may be the first to blame. More and more people use cell phones and computers in bed, with many staying up until midnight. Modern technology does make our life convenient, but abuse of it ruins our health. Environmental conditions, such as temperature, noise, light, bed comfort also play an important Pole in one's ability to get proper sleep. Besides, improper evening diet, like a full or an empty stomach, coffee and alcohol all contribute to sleep problems. Of course, when it comes to causing poor sleep, stress from finances, family or work should never be ignored. However, those who suffer from sleep disorders don't necessarily have to continue to do so -most sleep problems can be managed. \n Answer: Modern technology.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is not a direct cause of sleep problems?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4f130a31357c4ad0884a06ef1c11dfbd",
            "input": "Article: An energy watchdog is alarmed about the threat to the environment from the increasing electricity needs of gadgets like MP3 players, mobile phones and flat screen TVs. In a report today, the Paris-based International Energy Agency says new electronic gadgets will be three times their energy consumption by 2030 to 1,700 terawatt hours , which is equal to today's home electricity consumption of the United States and Japan combined. The world would have to build around 200 new nuclear power plants just to power all the TVs, iPods, PCs and other home electronics expected to be plugged in by 2030,when the global electric bill to power them will rise to $200 billion a year, the agency said. \"Consumer electronics is the fastest growing area and the area with the least amount of policies in place to control energy efficiency, \" said Paul Waide, a senior policy analyst at the agency. Electronic gadgets already account for about 15 percent of household electric consumption, a share that is rising rapidly as the number of these gadgets multiplies. Last year, the world spent  $80 billion on electricity to power all these household electronics, the energy agency said. \" Most of the increase in consumer electronics will be in developing countries, where economic growth is the fastest and ownership rates of gadgets are the lowest , \" Waide said. \"This will _ efforts to increase energy security and reduce the amount of greenhouse gases blamed for global warming.\" the agency said. Existing technologies' could cut down gadgets' energy consumption by more than 30 percent at no cost or by more than 50 percent at a small cost, the agency estimates, meaning total greenhouse gas emissions  from households' electronic gadgets could be held stable  at around 500 million tons of CO2 per year. \n Answer: Nearly 600.",
            "output": [
                "How many terawatt hours did the energy consumption of new electronic gadgets reach?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4dcdeb5a60fd493fab7eeb5bced29b86",
            "input": "Article: It was a winter morning, just a couple of weeks before Christmas 2005.While most people were warming up their cars, Trevor, my husband, had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work.On arrival, he parked his bike outside the back door as he usually does.After putting in 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone. The bike, a black Kona 18 speed, was our only transport.Trevor used it to get to work, putting in 60-hour weeks to support his young family.And the bike was also used to get groceries , saving us from having to walk long distances from where we live. I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story.Shortly after that, several people in our area offered to help.One wonderful stranger even bought a bike, then called my husband to pick it up.Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job.It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before. People say that a smile can be passed from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so.This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith in humanity as a whole.And it has influenced us to be more mindful of ways we, too, can share with others.No matter how big or how small, an act of kindness shows that someone cares.And the results can be everlasting. \n Answer: They used it for work and daily life.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the bike so important to the couple?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-b2d4bd205b1a4df796c7995ba6bfd22e",
            "input": "Article: Britain's seed  bank, the only one in the world aiming to collect all of the planet's wild plant species, has reached its goal of banking 10 percent by 2010. The Millennium Seed Bank Project, run by Kew Gardens--one of the oldest botanical   gardens--will officially place the 24,200th species on Thursday, a pink, wild banana from China. More than 50 countries are now on board with Kew's giant task but vast places of the globe, including India and Brazil, still need to join in and donate seeds, director Paul Smith said. The seed bank is one of the largest and most diverse  in the world with more than 1.5 billion seeds. Its goal is to help protect the planet's bio-diversity during a time of climate change. The wild banana seed is under threat of extinction  in southwest China from agricultural development. It is a vital food source for Asian elephants and important for growing bananas for human eating. Stored at minus-20 degrees centigrade, so they can last for thousands of years, the seeds await the day that scientists hope never comes--when the species no longer exist in the wild. It is a race against time, Smith said, because in the last ten years alone, 20 plants held in the bank have already been wiped out in the wild. He estimates that between a third and a quarter will become extinct this century. \"It is pressing and it is happening now. An area, the size of England, is cleared of primary vegetation every year.\" Smith said. Because most of the world's food and medicines come from nature, protecting wild plant species is quite important, scientists say. There are already many other seed banks safeguarding food crops, which only account for 0.6 percent of plant diversity. For Kew's next goal--to collect a quarter of wild varieties by 2020--the botanists need 10 million pounds a year, or a further 100 million pounds on top of the 40 million they have already been granted. \n Answer: To help scientists study wild plants.",
            "output": [
                "What's the final purpose of the Britain's seed bank?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-0935592749a348148676b6f753f442d1",
            "input": "Article: People go fishing for many reasons, for one they like the sport of it, reeling in   the big catch after a long day of work or just having a few drinks on the water with some friends and letting all the stress just go. Whatever the reasons may be, it is absolutely _ . People in the south sometimes do a strange type of fishing where they reach their arm inside a hole in the bank and pull out cat fish the size of a boat. There is one form called jug fishing where you get a milk jug or water jug and tie a heavy fishing line with a big hook, put on a small brim and throw it in the water. The next morning you get up and see what's on the hook. There is fly fishing which is with a lighter string and top water jigs such as bugs that lay on the top of the water until the trout comes and takes it. It takes longer to reel them in because the line is so light and the fish are heavy. Ice fishing is a dangerous kind of fishing in the north. You cut a hole in the ice, drop in your bait and wait for a fish to bite. You have to be careful that the fish doesn't pull your line into the side of the ice and snap it. That is one problem with ice fishing but the fish are usually bigger and worth the trouble. Going out on the lake with a couple of friends or alone with a couple of drinks and a fishing pole can be the most stress releasing thing you can do sometimes. Just to feel the waves rocking the boat and a good conversation is all the therapy you will need sometimes. Catching a fish is always a great bonus . \n Answer: Five",
            "output": [
                "How many ways of fishing have been introduced in the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-35edb919b13245d2b5e67e74dac0b9b1",
            "input": "Article: The following are the world-renewed attractions in London, so don't miss them while touring there. Shakespeare's Globe Shakespeare's Globe, which officially opened in 1997, is a reconstruction of the Globe Theatre, built in 1599, and brings Shakespeare's world to life. As a visitor to the exhibition,you'll discover how shows were produced in the theatres during Shakespeare's time. The guide-storytellers take you on a fascinating half-hour tour. Price: Adult PS9.00;Child(5-15) PS6.50;  Student PS7.50;  Under 5 FREE. The Tower of London The tower, nearly 100 feet high, with walls 15 feet thick, was built in the early 1080s. King Henry III made this tower his home. King Edward V and his younger brother were murdered inside by their uncle. Queen Elizabeth I was shut up in the tower for two months by her half sister Mary who felt that her throne was being threatened . In 1603, part of the tower became a museum. Price: Adult PS16.50; Child (5-15) PS9.50; Under 5 FREE; Student PS13.50; Family (two adults with three children) PS46.00. Banqueting  House Banqueting House is the remains of Whitehall Palace which was built in 1529 and was home to the English kings. It was destroyed by fire. Famous for its architecture and painting, the building is also known for being the scene of Charles I's execution .  Price: Adult PS4.50; Child PS2.25; Student (with ID) and senior citizen (60+) PS3.00; Under 5 FREE. Tower Bridge Exhibition Tower Bridge has stood over the River Thames in London since 1894 and is one of the finest, most recognizable bridges in the world. At the Tower Bridge Exhibition you can enjoy breath-taking views from the high-level walkways and learn about the history of the bridge and how it was built. You can then visit the Victorian engine rooms, home to the original steam engines that used to power the bridge. Price: AdultPS6.00; Child (5-15) PS3.00; Under 5 FREE; Senior citizen(60+) PS4.50; StudentPS4.50. \n Answer: Tower Bridge.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following places has the longest history?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bfadc302d829458489c8a9c4153e1ec4",
            "input": "Article: Is it wrong to use someone else's wireless(Wi-Fi) connection?Just recently,a man was arrested for doing just that.At that time,he was sitting in the street with a laptop and using an unsecured wireless connection to surf the Net.What do you think about this topic?Listen to the following different views on it. For a start,if someone is using your Internet service or downloading,this will affect your speed of access or download limit.Also,it's bad for Internet service providers.They will suffer in the long run because fewer people will pay for an Internet service if they know they can get it for free.And finally,just imagine this:what if the person who is stealing your Internet connection is involved in an illegal activity?I think the police are totally right to arrest these criminals. --by Sandra Wilkins Basically,if the person who paid for the service still has everything they paid for,what's the problem?It's just like using the light from streetlamps to read your book,or watching someone else's firework display.It's not stealing. Also,if you leave your wireless connection unsecured,then it is your own fault if someone else uses it.Just as you wouldn't leave your front door unlocked,or your car door open,neither should you leave your wireless connection open.By leaving your wireless connection open,you are inviting people to use it.Securing your wireless connection is as easy as clicking a few settings on your router .And finally,haven't the police got more important crimes to solve?They're always saying how they haven't got the manpower to solve real issues.But this is just ridiculous . --by James Hoarley \n Answer: He thinks it is unacceptable.",
            "output": [
                "What does Sandra Wilkins think of people using others' Internet service?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-af989ea6a04d4cbdaa5c932207e16fa6",
            "input": "Article: Some people like modern art, while others say that is rubbish. But a cleaner who works in the Tate Gallery in London isn't able to tell the difference. The woman, whose name isn't known, mistook a work of art by the German painter Gustav Metzger for a bag of rubbish, and threw it out with other bags. The plastic bad, which contained pieces of paper and cardboard, was later recovered outside the gallery, but the artist thought that it was too damaged to be put on show again. 78-year-old Mr Metzger explained that the exhibit, which he said was a copy of a similar work he had created in 1960, was meant to show that all art is temporary and \"finite\" . Embarrassed officials at the museum said that they had had to call a meeting with cleaners to explain which things should not be touched. They would not say whether Mr Metzger would be paid any compensation for the incident. However, to make absolutely sure the same thing would not happen again, they decided to cover Mr Metzger's work every evening with a colored cloth. In this way the cleaners arriving after the gallery had closed to the general public would realize they should not touch it. This is not the first time that museum cleaners have had trouble distinguishing exhibits from rubbish. In 2001, in another London gallery, a cleaner threw away a work by the well-known British artist Damien Hirst. It was an arrangement  of empty beer bottles, coffee cups, and overflowing ashtrays, which were meant to indicate the chaos in the life of an artist. However, cleaners don't always throw things away--sometimes they clean them! This was the case with a dirty asking what the bath was doing in the gallery, the cleaners simply scrubbed it clean. \n Answer: Cleaners mistake modern art for rubbish",
            "output": [
                "What's the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-de16b93b4e43432dac8d41335d25bb8d",
            "input": "Article: A young man named Matt Vongsykeo, 14-year-old, has saved a baby from the wreckage   of a car. The four-month-old baby boy, found hanging in his capsule   when Vongsykeo climbed into the car in Melbourne's Springvale, escaped serious injury and was taken to hospital.          But the child's 33-year-old mother, from Endeavour Hills, died in hospital following last night's high speed crash, which left three other people injured.          A car on the wrong side of the road is thought to have been traveling at over 100 kph  when it hit three other vehicles. Vongsykeo said he heard the crash from his house and found a  _ rushed against a wall. He heard a baby crying.          \"There were two adults standing outside the car and they couldn't get in, so I had to climbed in and get the baby out,\" he said. \"I had to do it quickly because there was a window below me and I was afraid that was going to break.\"          Vongsykeo told how he took out the baby in his arms and called to see if there was anyone else in the car. He found the baby's mother unconscious  .          \"I thought she was dead so I just rushed out.\" he said. \"She entered consciousness later on and I went around and started talking to her and getting her to talk to me and stay with me.\"          He said he comforted the mother and told her baby was safe.          Vongsykeo refused the idea that he was a hero.          \"I've lived for 14 years. If something had happened to me ... I've lived for 14 years. That baby hasn't and I wanted to give him a chance.\" \n Answer: A young man did what he should do",
            "output": [
                "What would be the best title for the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-d65ed2bb981f4fe3868160a590af32d7",
            "input": "Article: As with any house guests, indoor plants require a certain amount of basic, regular attention if they are going to feel at home. The first consideration when purchasing plants is to make reasonably sure that they are suitable for the condition in which they are going to be housed. A general rule for most plants being brought indoors for the first time is to ensure that they have reasonable temperature of not less than 60 degrees Fahrenheit, a position out of cold air, safe from pets and not exposed to strong sunlight. Plants love company. When plants are growing together, they create an atmosphere of damp around themselves which is far more beneficial than hot dry conditions. A group of plants will also present a more pleasing picture and provide an opportunity for a creative arrangement. There is no secret to this. Just rely on your natural feeling for harmony. Watering and feeding plants are probably the two areas of care that are the least well understood, but, again, if you follow a few simple rules, your plants should do well. Cold slightly warm water is therefore the answer. It is usually better to pour water on to the soil on the surface of the pot rather than put the water into the pot holder at the bottom. Avoid giving small amount of water at regular intervals- it is much better to wet the soil right through the pot in one go and then to allow it to dry noticeably before giving it a further watering. The majority of indoor plants will be in active growth from March until October, and during this time, the established ones will benefit from regular feeding. This may mean feeding with a weak liquid fertilizer  at each watering or at intervals of a week or ten days with fertilizer at a standard strength. It is important, however, to ensure that plants are not fed when growth is inactive, when the soil in the pot is dry, or too soon after the plants has been potted up. \n Answer: It allows owners to draw a pleasant picture.",
            "output": [
                "What's the benefit of plants growing together?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-2be5b25e0f454422ae8c06356442649c",
            "input": "Article: If you are having trouble falling asleep, you are in good company. About 65% of Americans said they have sleeping problems a few nights each week, according to a recent study by the National Sleep Foundation. Sleeping too little can lead to a higher risk of becoming fat and getting depressed . But before you go to a doctor for advice, it is worth examining your sleeping habits one more time. Some of your favorite evening habits may have something to do with the sleeping problems. Setting a Bright Alarm Clock The light of your bright alarm clock can prevent you from falling asleep. You can make your room as dark as possible. Cover the bright numbers with a book or consider buying a small travel clock. Your cellphone alarm may also do the trick. Counting Sheep When you just can't  fall asleep, it's useless to stay in bed to count sheep. If you've been trying to fall asleep for more than 30 minutes, the National Sleep Foundation suggests you get up to do some reading or watch TV for a while. Such activities will make you sleepy. Before you know it, you'll be going back to bed really tired. Exercising Late at Night? Daytime workouts  will keep you full of energy for hours. That's why you don't want to exercise within three hours of _ . Fierce   physical activity raise your body temperature and pumps your energy level--both are bad for a good night's sleep. \n Answer: You should find someone to talk to if you can't fall asleep.",
            "output": [
                "What can we learn from the first sentence of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6db2ad359c74430fb7de54287a05c4a1",
            "input": "Article: Marco Polo:The Boy Who Traveled The Medieval World Author: Nick McCarty Pages: 64 ISBN: 0792258932 Divided into four chapters, \"A Boy in Venice\", \"Setting Out\", \"The Long Journey\", and \"Working for Kublai Khan\", Marco Polo examines the fascinating life of the merchant and traveler. Marco was a teenager by the time his father and uncle returned home. Both men were full of tales from their travels through China,including a story about meeting the great Kublai Kahn, the ruler of the Mongols. Rabbit's Gift Author: George Shannon Illustrator: Laura Dronzek Pages: 32 ISBN: 0152060731 Rabbit's Gift is a modern retelling of the \"giving\" fable. Through the eyes of the adorable forest creatures the reader sees that while he is not responsible for the happiness of others, his actions can deeply impact those he comes in contact with. A Little Peace Author: Barbara Kerley Pages: 32 ISBN: 1426300867 A Little Peace is a book with an important message. The spare, refreshing text winds its way around and through full-color1 photographs. Each vividly captures the universal emotions and peaceful pursuits of everyday people around the world: a young girl in Kenya smiling into a mirror; a group of waving school children in Bali. Near the end of the book a double-page spread offers pictures along with an explanation of where it was taken. How One Small Loan Made a Big Difference Author: Katie Smith Milway Illustrator: Eugenie Fernandes Pages: 32 ISBN: 9781554530281 The families in Kojo's village come up with an idea. Each family contributes a small amount of savings so that one family at a time can borrow the money to buy \"something important\". Kojo's mother uses the loan to buy a cart with which to carry firewood to the marketplace as well as rent out to those who need to transport items. \n Answer: It is made up of four chapters.",
            "output": [
                "What is the feature of Nick McCarty's book?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-99da075bf28d414a98f7102a03b3eb99",
            "input": "Article: LONDON (Reuters) -- Children are dying for lack of drugs tailored to their needs, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), which launched a global campaign on Thursday to promote more research into child medicine. More than half of the drugs currently used to treat children in the industrialized world have not been specifically tested on youngsters. The problem is even worse in developing countries where price remains a major barrier and 6 million children die each year from treatable conditions. In the case of HIV/AIDS, the few existing pediatric therapies developed for children generally cost three times more than adult ones. As a result, clinicians lack clear guidelines on the best drug to use and often have to guess at the correct dose. Fortunately, the WHO has drawn up the first international List of Essential Medicines for Children, containing 206 products considered safe for children. \"But a lot remains to be done. There are priority medicines that have not been adapted for children's use or are not available when needed,\" said Dr Hans, the U.N. agency's director of medicines policy and standards. Medicines that need to be adapted to children's needs include many antibiotics, pain drugs as well as combination pills for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. The agency is building an Internet entrance linking to clinical trials carried out in children and will launch a Web site with the information early next year. Testing medicines on children has always been a controversial issue, since good ethical practice requires informed agreement from people participating in clinical trials, which is difficult to obtain in the case of children. As a result, research-based drug companies have been _ of developing child-friendly medicines and general companies have been slow to produce them at lower cost. In an attempt to deal with the issue, both Europe and the United States now have special rules offering extended patent protection for drugs that have been tested on children. \n Answer: WHO Says Children are Dying for Lack of Child-sized Drugs",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following is the best title of the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-82771272a57343c9af99fb01c8f0be06",
            "input": "Article: Our cat has a sweet nature, and she can let us know what she wants. When we fail to meet her needs, she gently leads us in the proper direction. When I forget to fill her water bowl early in the morning, she runs after my legs, and then pushes me in the direction of her bowl. She doesn't get irritated  ; instead, she expresses her wishes in the best way. And I always understand what she is telling me. One day I found myself envying   her simple expression. How many times had I expected my husband or my children to know my wants without my ever giving voice to them? How many times had I been disappointed that they couldn't understand when I needed a hug, a compliment   or a chocolate bar? After a pleasant afternoon with my husband, I wanted to stop somewhere nice and have dinner, but he didn't understand my hints  . \"Couldn't you see that I wanted to go out to dinner?\" I complained when he pulled into our driveway. \"Why didn't you say so? I can't read your mind,\" he answered in impatience. _ . Had I expected him to read my mind? Why hadn't I expressed my desire more clearly? I realized I had fallen into the female trap of \"If you love me, you can read my mind.\" Now, I state my needs clearly and directly. I look at my cat and know she agrees. \n Answer: They didn't understand her mind.",
            "output": [
                "Why was the author disappointed in her husband or her children?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9d0cef40679845f1a63c130c4d660d7d",
            "input": "Article: My father woke me up early one summer morning when I was fourteen and announced: \"Get up. You're going with me to cut grass.\" The idea that my father thought I was old enough to help him in his business made me feel proud and excited. From sunup to sundown, my father, my younger brother and I worked in the large yards in a rich part of Atlanta, Georgia. By the end of the day I was tired out, but I felt good. I had put in a hard day's labor and had earned $ 6 One day my father found some leaves I'd missed and pulled me aside. \"Clear away these leaves!\" he said firmly, \"and don't make me have to do it again.\" The message was clear. Today I value the importance of doing a job right the first time. It will never fail to impress the person you are working for. After two years, my father told me and my brother that he felt we were old enough to do lawns on our own. Every Saturday during our last two years of high school, we set out early in the morning with the same desire and drive we had gained while working under our father. Taking care of lawns was not exciting or high-paying, but that didn't matter. It taught me that any job was a good job and that whatever I was paid was more than I had before. A newspaper reporter once asked me how someone could possibly live on a forty-hour-a-week minimum pay. \"My father has never worked just forty hours a week, and neither have I,\" I replied. \"If you're only working forty hours, you probably don't want to do any better than you are doing.\" In every job I've held from doing lawns to washing dishes, I have learned something that helped me in my next job. If you work hard enough, you can learn from any job you do. \n Answer: He was old enough to help his father.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer feel proud and excited when asked to cut grass?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6bbc835196894facaf6eee7ff6067f4f",
            "input": "Article: I remembered that when I was a little child, I used to look for Sunday of the week. Yes, I was so looking forward to an adventure. Now, I still have a strong _ for buses. I used to wonder where those gigantic   buses finally stopped. On sunshine Sundays, that's my adventure times. He took me to the bus stop. Time passed, while I was growing impatient, he was smiling, as he always does. It was really not that easy to get on a bus as often as we do today. I was so worried that the bus driver would have missed us. I waved my hands so high with all my strength. I looked hopefully at him. He didn't move at all. He was still standing. It seemed that the late and infrequent coming of the bus wasn't any trouble to him at all. He took my hand. We managed to find seats on the upper deck. I was so excited. Only sitting beside the windows made me happy. Looking at the rewinding buildings, streets and people through windows from a higher ground was so much fun. Then, he was sitting peacefully by me and whispered to me where the bus finally would stop. I was curious about what would be the next stop of our destination as much as what really means something to him. That is me. I know now. I am all he cares. He wants me to be happy, as he always does. That's the strong bond between father and son. Childhood, naive  and precious, you showed me the world and the way I look at the world. I am so grateful for your presence in my life. Thanks, you are so wonderful! \n Answer: A bus driver.",
            "output": [
                "Who is \"he\" throughout the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-f566356536e24f3586e345b9ceb25330",
            "input": "Article: A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports. Grimsvom is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Europe. What makes Grimsvom different is that it lies under a huge glacier  of ice up to 12 maters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it, which then forms a layer of water between the glacier and the volcano This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano, keeping it stable, As the water flows out from under the glacier, the pressure lifts. The lava  from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is exactly what happened today. Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. according to KLM, one of Europe's biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane's engines, causing damage to the plane. The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp. Glass-like rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash--covered grass to the sharp object. \n Answer: It is below ice.",
            "output": [
                "What makes Grimsvom different from other volcanoes?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7b4ad29339e54611b4ecc58d96f13617",
            "input": "Article: Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure   and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer. Any owner will tall you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress   levels and blood pressure in people - half of them pet owners -while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic   or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did It best .Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned  Most quickly to baseline heart rates .With pets in the room ,people also made fewer math mistakes  Than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more released around Pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don't judge. A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a Year studying 36 fat people and were put on a diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 fat people without pets were put on a diet program. On average,people lost about 11 pounds, Or 5% of their body weight .Their dogs did even better,losing an average of 12 pounds,more then 15%of their body weight .Dog owners didn't lose any more weight than those without dogs but ,say Researchers,got more exercise overall -mostly with their dogs -and found it worth doing. \n Answer: What pets bring to their owners",
            "output": [
                "What does the text mainly discuss?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-516c069db1cf4da0a08975cc5f9bd62f",
            "input": "Article: The day of my holiday arrived, but I wasn't looking forward to it. I had little money and had only been able to afford to stay with my Aunt Rosa in Spain. So, I wasn't really excited as I knew exactly what it was going to be like: lots of noisy cousins , and Aunt Rosa begging me to take her for a ride. After I had checked in, I made my way slowly to the departure gate. As I was waiting to board the plane, I kept thinking about my ideal holiday destination: Jamaica, with its long, sandy beaches and crystal clear water. As soon as the plane took off, I fell fast asleep and only woke to the sound of the announcement: \"Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten you seat belts, as we will shortly be landing in Kingston.\" I froze in my seat. Was I dreaming? Kingston? Jamaica? I had boarded the wrong plane! Immediately after the plane landed, I explained the situation to the authorities. It seems there were also three other passengers heading for Spain. Apparently it had been the airline's fault, since the flight numbers for Spain and Jamaica were exactly the same! Therefore, with no flight back to London for a week, the airline had no choice but to pay for our stay. So there I was, lying on the beach, enjoying the music and the marvelous food of Jamaica! As for Aunt Rosa, I suppose she just had to live without me! \n Answer: Spain was her ideal destination.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer choose to spend her holiday with her aunt in Spain?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-8e76daa984cb497b8b3ab5a52025d55a",
            "input": "Article: Shopping is not as simple as you may think! There are all sorts of tricks at play each time we reach out for that particular brand  of product on the shelf. Colouring, for example, varies according to what the producers are trying to sell. Health foods are packaged  in greens, yellows or browns because we think of these as healthy colours. Ice cream packets are often blue and expensive goods, like chocolates, are gold or silver. When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that _ because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package--blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm. The size of a product can attract a shopper. But quite often a bottle doesn't contain as much as it appears to. It is believed that the better-known companies spend, on average, 70 percent of the total cost of the product itself on packaging! The most successful producers know that it's not enough to have a good product. The founder of Pears soap, who for 25 years has used pretty little girls to promote   their goods, came to the conclusion: \"Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius  to sell it.\" \n Answer: The brand name of the product.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following may trick a shopper into buying a product according to the text?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9eaa38458a194d09bc218253a8a0ca2d",
            "input": "Article: This tour consists of touring the City, Bay and Surrounds Area of the CBD. Toorak(affluent), CliftonHill(reto), Carlton(little Italy), Fitzroy(bohemian), Kew(Studley Park Boat house), The Yarra River...etc Picture yourself in a Classic Chevrolet Convertible travelling the streets of Melbourne with the wind blowing in your hair and everyone wondering who you are and wishing it was them. Stopping to view The Bay and have your champagne  and French pastry  on the pier.  This is a feeling of luxury, this is unique! Spend a few hours seeing Melbourne and its surrounds from the perspective of a Classic Convertible Chevrolet Impala (either 1965 or 1968).This unique chauffeured tour lasts 2 hours transports you and up to three friends. Choose your own route, or let us choose for you and go to places such as Kew Boulevard along the Yarra - a lovely lush area or maybe the Country area of Warrandyte or the Bay area of St Kilda. You might want to have fish'n'chips at Station Pier or coffee and cake at Brunetti's in Carlton! STOPPING FOR COFFEE AND SNACKS AT CUSTOMERS EXPENSE MORNINGTON PENINSULA TOUR When you think Mornington Peninsula you think of rolling hills and rugged coastline, and a beach on every cove. This tour takes you to an area so diverse of soil, sunshine and rainfall. It has a micro- climate all itself. Its wine and food are unique. There are more than 150 Wineries in the Peninsula. Surrounded by 25 hectares of National Parks it has a mix of rugged coastline, serene wetlands and wild bushland. We start our tour from Melbourne journey to Frankston, Mornington then Red Hill. We travel to a variety of vineyards. Followed by lunch at Montalto Vineyard and Restaurant awarded both a Chef's Hat Rating in the 2009 Age Good Food Guide & 5 red stars in the 2009 Halliday Australian Wine Companion. (5 red stars stand for an outstanding winery regularly producing wines of exemplary quality and typicity!) From here we travel along the picturesque coast line of natural beauty dotted throughout this land of striking contrast. At your leisure we travel back to Melbourne. PHILIP ISLAND TOUR This is our Phillip Island Tour bringing you in touch with wildlife: seals, koalas, penguins not to mention the Island's surfing beaches. Panoramic views of Bass Straight and Cowes. This tour is a very personalized one because there is so much to see and do on this beautiful Island. THE DANDENONGS/YARRA RANGES DELUX TOUR With this Tour we take you to Olinda and Sherbrook Forest which is in the Dandenong Ranges, here we travel the winding Mt Dandenong Tourist Road, which has large lush fern gullies and greenery forest, towering Majestic Mountain Ash and beautiful colourful Rosellas. We stop and visit \"The Sky High Observatory\" with spectacular views of Mt Dandenong and Surrounds have a cake or a cup of coffee while nestled under the canopy of Australian eucalypts forest and see wildlife in abundance. We continue our journey travelling across to Coldsteam Hills and Yarra Glen, here we have, \"The Yarra Valley Wineries\".We stop for lunch at either, 'Sweet Water Cafe' or Yering Station After lunch we take in some wine tastings, all at your pleasure before traveling back home via Christmas Hills. \n Answer: The Dandenongs Delux tour.",
            "output": [
                "If you are interested in animals, which place would you rather visit?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-13270705338a4c36a9503258263e6b14",
            "input": "Article: It is common sense that children who walk or cycle to school have a lower risk of obesity than those by car. But driving your youngsters to the gates could also cause their academic work to suffer. Researchers found children who were driven to school, or who took public transport, had poorer concentration levels than those who took a more active route such as walking or cycling. The joint study by researchers at two Danish universities found the regular exercise could advance a student up to half a year in their studies. Children who were driven to school, or who took public transport, performed less well in a test measuring concentration levels, than those who had walked or cycled. The results surprised the researchers, as their hypothesis  originally focused on the effects of eating breakfast and lunch on pupils' ability to concentrate. \"The exercise one uses to transport oneself to school is reflected in the level of concentration one has about four hours later,\" Niels Egelund, a co- author of the report said. \"The results showed that having breakfast and lunch has an impact, but not very much compared to having exercise.\" \"As a third-grade pupil, if you exercise and bike to school, your ability to concentrate increases to the equivalent of someone half a year further in their studies,\" he added. In the survey, taken by 19, 527 pupils aged five to 19 years old, participants were asked about their exercise habits and were then given a basic test measuring their concentration. \"Most people know the feeling of being refreshed after having exercised, but it is surprising that the effect lasts for so long,\" Egelund said. Previous research from the university of Montreal has found that exercise helps our brains make better use of oxygen. It may also reduce mental fatigue  and sharpen your thinking in between gym sessions. And last week Swedish researchers said they found that muscular boys will live longer than their weaker friends. And even if they are overweight by the time they get to adulthood, those with stronger muscles tend to live longer. \n Answer: Exercise ---- Learn faster",
            "output": [
                "What is the best title of this passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-07f25f1331ab4545b31ee629e85a153c",
            "input": "Article: Tales From Animal Hospital David Crant David Grant has become a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal Hospital. Here Dr Crant tells usthe very best of his personal stories about the animals he has treated, including familiar patients such as the dogs Snowy and Duchess, the delightful cat Marigold Serendipity Diamond. He also takes the reader behind the scenes at Harmsworth Memorial Animal Hospital as he describes his day, from ordinary medical checkups to surgery   .  Tales  From Animal  Hospital  will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet, whetherit be cat, dog, or snake ! PS14.99 Hardback 272pp Simon Schuster ISBN 0751304417 Isaac Newton : The Last Sorcerer Michael White From the author of Stephen Hawking: A Life in, Science, comes this colourful description of the life of the world's first modern scientist. Interesting yet based on fact, Michael White's learned yet readable new book offers a true picture of Newton completely different from what people commonly know about him. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic  ended and science began. PS18.99 Hardback 320pp Fourth Estate ISBN 1857024168 Fermat's Last Theorem Simon Singh In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world'sgreatest mathematical problem: Fermat's  Last Theorem   . First put forward by the Frenchmathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had _ and beaten the finestmathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out theproblem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.Through unbelievable determination Andrew Wiles finally worked out the problem in 1995. An unusual story of human effort over three centuries, Fermat's Last Theorem will delight specialists and generalreaders alike. PS12.99 Hardback 384pp Fourth Estate ISBN 1857025210 \n Answer: A TV programme.",
            "output": [
                "What is Animal Hospital?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-3b023b87bfa242f5ac476617a8093d97",
            "input": "Article: Tech-Camp No.6 Devon Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong a technology day camp for students 12-17 About Tech-Camp Tech-Camp is a day camp with a focus on computers and electronics technology. We offer 2-week summer programmes for students of 12 to 17 years of age. We have a computer lab with the latest and fastest equipment, an electronics lab, and a video production studio. Our staff are special, too. They are experts in computers and electronics, of course, but they are also people who care about children and enjoy working with them. The benefits of Tech-Camp In all of our programmes, we show students how to work in teams and how to solve problems by themselves. We encourage them to think creatively. What students will do at Tech-Camp Each day Tech-camp is filled with useful, interesting and challenging activities. For example, in the Computer Programme, students learn the basic computer programming, and how to use the Internet. In the Tech-Camp Programme, they make radio-controlled model cars and produce their own short videos. Programme Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 Computer Programme 15 June-26 June 15 June-26 June 15 June-26 June High-tech Programme 29 June-10 July 27 July-7 August 15 June-26 June Fee: HK $2,000 per student (10% discount available for groups of 10 or more students.) For more information about Tech-Camp, please contact Director of Summer Programmes, Ms Julia Brown, by phone, fax or e-mail. Telephone: 26548898 Fax: 26948850 E-mail: juliab@techcamp.com.hk \n Answer: The deadline for application.",
            "output": [
                "What would you probably like to ask about if you phone Ms Julia Brown after reading the brochure?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6172d59150f14f84a1733e7496215a74",
            "input": "Article: Most people are afraid of bees. Anyone who's been stung by one quickly learns to avoid bees whenever possible. I learned that lesson when, as a child, I ran into a beehive. Dozens of bees attacked, stinging me all over my body. It was a painful incident, but I was lucky. Those bees weren't Africanized, or \"killer\" bees. Killer bees are extremely aggressive . When they become upset, they attack. And just about anything like noises, shiny objects, dark clothes can all cause killer bees to attack. When one killer bee stings a victim, it gives off a chemical. Other bees smell this and go into attack mode. The whole hive will aggressively attack the unfortunate victim. Killer bees will also run their victims for up to a quarter of a mile. Some victims have tried to keep away from the bees by jumping into water. But killer bees will wait for them to come up and then continue their attack. Killer bees can be found in South America and the southern prefix = st1 /United States. They were created when, in 1956, scientists brought African bees toBrazil. African bees were known to increase coffee production. Some scientists thought that these bees might increase honey production, too. So inBrazil, they tried crossbreeding the African bees with European honeybees. The results were _  The new Africanized bees actually decreased honey production and were very aggressive. Scientists tried to separate the bees, but some of them escaped and began rapidly spreading north. Since then, killer bees have been causing damage to humans, animals and the American honey industry. Over the years, these aggressive killer bees have caused nearly 10,000 people to die. What's the best thing to do if you are attacked by killer bees? Fortunately, killer bees don't fly very fast. Most healthy adults can outrun them. Experts advise you to cover your face and run! \n Answer: It is usually not easy for a killer bee to catch up with a healthy adult.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6ab78136274f4d3c9f90cb5a8c059a07",
            "input": "Article: Jabbar was one of the best basketball players in history. He was the NBA's most valuable player six times and a 19-time All-Star. When he retired in 1989 he was the NBA's all-time leading scorer with 38,387 points. That record has still to be broken.  After retirement, Jabbar began scoring in the literary world. He has written seven bestselling books. In his new children's book What Color is My World?, he shines the spotlight on African-Americans inventors whose achievements often went unnoticed. A reporter recently interviewed him in New York City.   R: The title of your new book is What Color is My World, but the subtitle is The Lost History of African American Inventors. Why do you say it's a lost history? K: African-American inventors made some very significant contributions to American life and world culture, but they're not acknowledged. So I think I should put something in the spotlight.  R: Why did you choose to present this information in the form of a children's book? K: I thought kids, especially African-American kids, needed to know this information. They should get this information at an early age so that they can have an idea of what's possible. So many kids are told that sports and entertainment are the fields that they should go into, and everything else is ignored. I wanted to put something out there that gave them a broader picture of what is possible.  R: How did you combine facts with a good story? How did you decide on which inventors to include? K: The inventors I chose all made significant contributions to American life. So, everybody likes ice cream, but nobody knows about the guy who invented the ice-cream scoop . Everybody likes potato chips, but nobody really knows that a black cook invented potato chips. Things like that get through to people because these are things that are a part of their everyday life. Once they see black people were involved in inventing it, it changes things. \n Answer: To make people recognize the contributions African-Americans made.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Jabbar write the book What Color is My World?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-ac4f82c1a1df4669aeef88041884daee",
            "input": "Article: Ever feel like you've been hit on the head after a bad night's sleep? According to scientists, the thought isn't as unbelievable as it seems. A study found going without sleep for just one night causes changes in the brain similar to those that occur after a blow to the head. The researchers said the healthy young men examined in the study showed a sudden increase in the same chemicals which indicate brain damage. Professor Christian Benedict, of Uppsala University, Sweden, explained that the chemicals NSE and S-100B are biomarkers for brain damage, such as concussion . He said, \"What we found was their levels in the blood rose in the group that went without sleep for a night. This was not to the extent that would happen after a head injury, for instance, but it was still significant. During sleep, the brain cleans poisonous substances off itself.\" Benedict also said previous studies which linked a lack of sleep with increased risk of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and multiple sclerosis could applaud his study. The rise of the chemicals in the blood after sleep loss may suggest not getting enough sleep contributes to a loss of brain tissue, he explained. Benedict, whose study is published in the journalSleep, added, \"In conclusion, the findings of our experiment indicate a good night's sleep may be critical to maintaining brain health.\" A third of the UK population suffer from sleep-related problems, while the average person now sleeps for only seven hours a night, compared with almost nine a few decades ago. Many scientists believe irregular sleeping patterns lead to illnesses ranging from aches and pains to heart disease, while less than eight hours' sleep a night can lower the IQ the next day. \n Answer: NSE and S-100B will increase.",
            "output": [
                "If you don't sleep for a night, what will happen?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-9022854868b845ada0188dd7efc85eac",
            "input": "Article: Andy rode slowly on his way to school, day-dreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him. He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present. He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the sky. What he saw shocked and terrified him. A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like a black cloud and the buzzing mass seemed to be heading angrily towards him. With no time to waste, Andy sped off in the opposite direction, riding furiously--but without knowing how to escape the swarm. As the bees came closer, his panic increased. Andy knew that he was sensitive to bee stings . The last sting had landed him in hospital--and that was only one bee sting! Suddenly, his father's words came to him. \"When you are in a tight situation, don't panic. Use your brain and think your way out of it.\" On a nearby hill, he could see smoke waving slowly skywards from the chimney of the Nelson family home. \"Bees don't like smoke,\" he thought. \"They couldn't get into the house.\" But Andy knew he could not reach the house in time. He estimated that the bees would catch up with him soon. Suddenly, out of the corner of his eyes, he spotted a small dam used by Mr. Nelson. Off his bike and into the cool water he dived, disappearing below the surface and away from the savage insects. After holding his breath for as long as he could, Andy came up for air and noticed the bees had gone. Dragging himself out of the dam, he struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell. Mrs. Nelson took him inside and rang his mother. \n Answer: He was lost in the thought of the fishing trip.",
            "output": [
                "Why did Andy fail to notice the swarm of bees earlier?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-556c9ebe653649da97f1109039568b85",
            "input": "Article: How could we have thought so wrongly of as banana peel that it always hits the garbage? Utility of anything seems to be in the eyes of the beholder. The banana peel hasn't been an exception. What most of us looked at as waste was converted to a thing of utility by Prithwis Mukhopadlyay, a 14-year-old prodigy. This Bengali boy, nourished in the US, Lake Junior High in Woodbury, Minnesota, has come up with an idea to convert banana peels to biogas. . It's well known that almost any organic waste can be converted to biogas. But why biogas from banana peel has hit the news is because it produced five times as much biogas as manure , a commonly used source for producing biogas, in the experiments Prithwis conducted. He filled two airtight containers, one with manure and the other with banana peels. Then he mixed each content with water and connected them to empty jars via pipes to collect the gas produced. He placed a heater next to each jar and measured the gas collected for 60 days. His studies proved that banana peels produced five times more biogas than manure. This project titled 'Comparison analysis: Eco-friendly source of energy for the future,' earned him a spot in Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge. This weekend, the young whiz is to showcase his research work along with 40 other finalists at Washington. \"Initially, I thought of doing a project that would reduce global warming. Things changed after I visited a biogas plant in a village in India during my summer vacations. It was an amazing experience,\" Prithwis says. \n Answer: Because his research proved that banana peels can produce more biogas.",
            "output": [
                "Why could Prithwis's finding receive the attention of the media?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-bef1bb6cbe8c471c97e437290d18e9d9",
            "input": "Article: One Tuesday, we got up, had breakfast and got ready for school. We picked up our school bags and went to school. I opened my school bag to get my homework after I went into the classroom and sat down. My school homework needed to be handed in. But it was not there!  I remembered I had put it in my school bag. I thought back to Monday afternoon. I finished my school homework, put it in my school bag, and went out to play softball with the neighbor kids. My sister Sara was not out playing as usual. She read a book inside the house. She must have taken my homework while I was playing softball outside as no kids came inside our house on Monday.      After school I ran to the place where my sister and I usually meet. There was Sara. She didn't seem to be laughing at me. She is good at giving false information.  \"Sara, what have you done with my homework?\" I asked. She said she hadn't seen it!   \"What should I do?\" I thought. I waited for a chance to talk to Mom. In Mom ' s room, I cried and shouted: I couldn't help shaking. I told her about my missing school homework. Hearing this, Mom left the room, went into the kitchen hurriedly and started looking in the trash. She pulled my school homework out of the trash!  Mom said, \"I' m sorry, Teri. I saw that your school bag was too heavy, so I cleaned it out for you. Your homework didn't look any different from the waste paper which I threw away.\"      I realized that I had misunderstood my sister. I apologized to her. And I learnt a good lesson from this experience. \n Answer: Because her sister was in the house while she was out.",
            "output": [
                "Why did the writer think it was her sister who had taken her homework?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4b5bfb1981f543a1b6ac47ffa4f06ee5",
            "input": "Article: For 75 years, three words have influenced the lives of many young Brits.They are:mirror, signal,manoeuvre . These are the processes all drivers should perform.Learners hoping to pass their driving test need to prove that they understand the importance of these actions before they can throw out their L-plates and head for the highway.In Britain,L-plates ale signs with a red \"L\" on them which you attach to a car to warm other drivers that you are a learner.     This summer the British driving test celebrates its seventy-fifth birthday.It's often described as one of the most frightening tests we face.     It is a painful experience that doesn't come very cheap nowadays.Taking the test in 1935 cost just 37. 5 pence;now candidates can expect to pay PS93.     The test is also harder than ever.In 1935,the pass rate was 63%; now it's 43%.In recent years,the DSA--the organization that oversees   the driving test -- has looked for ways to assess different aspects of what makes a good driver Now the DSA has announced that candidates will drive for ten minutes without detailed instructions from the examiner.DSA'S chief driving examiner Trevor Wedge said the aim was to measure a candidate's ability to drive safely while making decisions independently. However,drivers will not be punished for getting lost. \"Candidates won't be failed for going off route,\" Mr. Wedge said. No doubt there will still be complaints. The BBC has learnt that in 2009 there were l,889 complaints about examiners,of which just 51 were supported. Complaints that were rejected included ''Candidate crashed during test--claims examiner distracted \" and \"Candidate says examiner took her on busy roads during rush hour,which was unfair\". Someone else seemingly failed to understand the nature of an emergency stop when the complaint was filed that an emergency stop was conducted without warning. \n Answer: Brits with L-plates can't drive on highways.",
            "output": [
                "What do we know about L-plates?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-6b8c094ef31841febc26330b8954914b",
            "input": "Article: Adrian's \"Amazing Race\" started early when his parents realized that he, as a baby, couldn't hear a thing, not even loud noises. In a special school for the hearing-impaired, he learned sign language and got to mix with other disabled children. However, the sight of all the disabled children communicating with one another upset his mother. She wanted him to lead a normal life. So after speaking to an advisor, she sent him to private classes where he learned to read lips and pronounce words. Later on, Adrian's parents decided to send him to a regular school. But the headmaster tried to prevent them from doing so, saying regular school couldn't take care of a special needs students. His parents were determined to take the risk and push him hard to go through his work everyday because they wanted to prove that, given the opportunity, he could do anything. Adrian made the grade and got accepted. It was a big challenge. The pace   was faster so he had to sit at the front of the class and really pay attention to the teacher, which wasn't always easy. But he stuck to it and did a lot of extra work after school. The efforts made by Adrian and his parents paid off. Adrian graduated with good grades and got into a top high school. He also achieved a lot in life outside school. He developed a love for the outdoors and went to Nepal to climb mountains. He even entered the World Yacht Race 05/06--- being the first hearing-impaired Asian to do so. But none of these achievements would have been possible without one of the most important lessons from his mother.\" \"If you believe in yourself and work hard, you can achieve great results.\" she often said. \n Answer: By using sign language.",
            "output": [
                "How did Adrian communicate with other children in the special school?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-7bf49397ed9f456287f4b542577578cd",
            "input": "Article: The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing.Too many companies,however,have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many  _ in international advertising. General Motors,the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. \"Nova\"is Latin for \"new (star)\"and means \"star\" in many languages,but in spoken Spanish it can sound like \"no va\", meaning \"it doesn't go\".Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe,sales picked up dramatically. Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. One  American food company's friendly \"Jolly Green Giant\" (for advertising vegetables)  became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as \"Intimidating Green ogre \". When translated into German,Pepsi's popular slogan,\"Come Alive with Pepsi\" came out implying \"Come Alive from the Grave\".No wonder customers in prefix = st1 /Germanydidn't rush out to buy Pepsi. Even a company with an excellent international track record like Kentucky Fried Chicken is not immune to the perils of faulty translation.Many sales were lost when the catch phrase \"finger licking food\" became \"eat with your fingers off\" in Chinese translation. A manufacturer of one laundry detergent also made an expensive mistake in the Middle East. Its advertisements showed a picture of a pile of dirty clothes on the left, a box of the company's detergent in the middle, and clean clothes on the right.Unfortunately,the message was incorrectly interpreted because most people looked at it from right to left, the way Arabic is read. Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising,companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translation and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called \"back translation\" to reduce the possibility of blunders. The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings. \n Answer: The advertiser is ignorant of the reading habit of the Arabs.",
            "output": [
                "Which of the following statements BEST explains the failure of the laundry detergent ad in the Middle East?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-efebbb04a7db49c495f95e4d68b8366e",
            "input": "Article: Once there was a large ,fat woman who had a small, thin husband .He had a job in a big company and was given his weekly pay every Friday evening. As soon as he got home on Fridays ,his wife used to make him give her all his money, and then she used to give him back only enough to buy his lunch in the office every day. One day the small man came home very excited. He hurried into the living-room. His wife was listening to the radio and eating chocolates there. \"You will never guess what happened to me today, dear.\" he said. He waited for a few seconds and then added, \"I won ten thousand pounds on the lottery!\" \"That's wonderful!\" said his wife happily. But then she thought for a few seconds and added angrily, \"But wait a moment! How could you afford to buy the lottery ticket?\" \n Answer: Just enough to buy his lunch in the office.",
            "output": [
                "How much money was the husband allowed to keep every day?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-c7dc354c2df944cca53bbe90335db192",
            "input": "Article: Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education. Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became _ while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education. Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing. Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins. Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent spirit in their work. Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools. \n Answer: Science organizations.",
            "output": [
                "Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler's memoir?"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "task311-4476052216f54dc6a5530bfdcc182669",
            "input": "Article: One morning in Philadelphia, the sun shone bright through all the thick jungles and the tall churches. John, 6, wearing the worn-out clothes, walked from afar, his dark small hands holding a piece of stolen bread. John stopped for a moment at the entrance to the sacred church and then left tightlyholding the bread, He was an orphan , whose parents were killed in World War Illeaving him alonein the orphanage for five years, Like many children in the orphanage, he had a lot of free time. Mostly no one took care of them, so they had to learn how to steal those they wanted. John believed the existence of God, so every Sunday morning in any case be would go to the cburch to have a look and listen to those people singing inside or reciting the Bible.He felt only at this moment he was the child of God and so close to God. But he couldn'tenter because his clothes were so dirty. John himself knew it. John was quietly counting. This was his 45th Sunday at the entrance to the church. He stood on tiptoe for a while and walked away. As time passed, the pastor  noticed John and learned from others that he was thesmall boy who liked stealing things in the orphanages. On the 46th Sunday, the sun was shining and John came still holding a piece of bread with his dark small hands. When he just stood there, the pastor came out. He felt like running away, but he was carried by the pastor's friendly smile. The pastor walked up to his side, clearly seeing John's small hands tremble. \"Are you John?\" John didn't answer, but looked at the pastor and nodded. \"Do you believe in God?\" the pastor petted John on his head stained with dust. \"Yes,l do!\" This time John told him loudly. \"So you believe in yourself?\" John looked at the pastor, without a word. The pastor went on saying, \"At the first sight of you, I find you're different from other  kids because you have a good heart.\" His face tunung red, John said timidly, \"In fact, I'm a thief.\" With that, he loweredhis head. The pastor didn't speak, but held John's dark small hands, slowly opened them andput them against his wrinkled face. \"Ah:\" Just at the same time, John shouted and was about to take out his dark smallhands. Yet the pastor tightly held his small hands and spread them out in the sun. \"Do you see, John?\" \"What?\" \"You're cupping the sunshine in your hands.\" John blankly looked at his hands: when did they become so beautiful? \"In God's eyes, all cluldren are the same. When they are willing to spread out their hands to greet the sun, the sun will naturally shine on them. And you have two things more than they do. First is courage and the second is kindness.\" With that, the pastor led him into the church.      It was the first time that John went into this sacred place, and at this moment he  didn't feel inferior, but the unspeakable warmth. On that morning embracing the sunshine, John found himself again, along with the  confidence, satisfaction, happiness, dreams he had never had. Twenty years have passed. Now the boy who ever tightly held the bread with his dirt hands has been the most famous chefin   Philadelphia and made many popular dishes. Every Sunday morning, he would personally send the bread he baked to the orphanage. Those children who greeted him with cheers were used to consciously spreading their palms before they got the bread. Because they all knew when we are willing to spread out our hands to greet thesunshine, the sun will naturally shine on us. \n Answer: He was left alone in the orphanage and nobody cared for him.",
            "output": [
                "Why didn't John go inside whenever he went to the church?"
            ]
        }
    ],
    "Instance License": [
        "Unknown"
    ]
}